PMID- 3834218
TI  - Lack of excitability in the internodal membrane of myelinated nerve fiber in
      frog.
AB  - Monophasic action potentials of about 70 and 10 mV were recorded by inserting a
      microelectrode into the axon and the myelin sheath of an intact myelinated fiber,
      respectively. When the intra-axonal or the intra-myelinic microelectrode was used
      for both stimulation and recording, only the anodal current was effective in
      inducing action potentials. The inter-nodal membrane was, therefore,
      intrinsically inexitable.

PMID- 3834219
TI  - Approach for quantifying the overall function of the ascending central neural
      integration to release vasopressin in rats.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the intermediate portion of the solitary nucleus (SOL)
      is known to consistently elicit a pressor response and increase in the release of
      vasopressin (VP) in rats, when the cervical spinal cord and vago-sympathetic
      trunks are cut. The aim of the present study was to provide a methodological
      assessment for this technique, in order to quantify the central neuroendocrine
      function to release VP. Experiments were conducted on rats with cervical
      cordotomy and vagotomy, under 60% N2O anesthesia and artificial ventilation. The
      animals were maintained at their normal arterial blood pressure by infusing
      phenylephrine, which itself exerted little influence on the arterial plasma VP
      concentration (pVP) during SOL stimulation. In order to prevent blood loss, cross
      circulation with a donor rat was utilized in the blood sampling for pVP
      determination. We confirmed that this technique itself did not significantly
      affect the pVP level. A monopolar stimulus at a frequency of 50 Hz was found to
      produce the pressor response most effectively. The current spread of the
      stimulation (0.5 ms duration; 1 s on/1 s off; up to at least 120 microA) did not
      induce a false-positive pressor response mediated by other structures adjacent to
      the SOL. We suggest that electrical stimulation of the SOL in rats with cervical
      cordotomy and vagotomy, for observing the pressor response and/or increase of
      pVP, represents a rapid approach for screening the overall function of the
      ascending efferent part of the reflex mechanisms to release VP.

PMID- 3834220
TI  - Effects of polyamines on the mechanical and electrical activities of the isolated
      circular muscle of rat uterus.
AB  - Effects of polyamines (0.05-1.2 mM) on the mechanical and electrical activities
      in the circular muscles of pre-(day 20 of pregnancy) and post-partum (10-15 h
      after delivery) rat myometria were studied. In the prepartum preparations,
      spermine and spermidine, added to the Mg-free Krebs solution, depressed
      contractions in a dose-dependent manner, whereas cadaverine and putrescine
      potentiated them. The latter agents depressed contractions when preparations were
      treated with indomethacin. Plateau potentials were spontaneously generated in the
      Mg-free solution in the prepartum circular muscle. The duration of the plateau
      became shorter, and spike potentials supermounted on the plateau potential were
      depressed when spermine or spermidine was applied. In the postpartum
      preparations, spike activity was depressed by spermine and spermidine. In both
      pre- and post-partum preparations, the membrane activity was little affected by
      cadaverine and putrescine. In view of the above findings, it was hypothesized
      that polyamines in general took the place of divalent cations in causing membrane
      stabilization. Cadaverine and putrescine probably caused a potentiation of
      contraction by stimulating the synthesis of endogenous prostaglandins.

PMID- 3834221
TI  - [A developmental study about the effect of an organizational strategy on memory
      in mental retardates].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the organizational strategy of
      memory in mental retardates. Forty young (mean CA = 9:07, mean IQ = 60) and forty
      old retardates (mean CA = 13:07, mean IQ = 58) were required to learn a list of
      sixteen pictures from four taxonomic categories. Learning was continued during
      four trials by study-test method. In B-C treatment subjects were presented the
      pictures in category block and required to recall in constrained method with
      category. In R-F treatment subjects were presented pictures in random order and
      asked free recall. The effect of an organizational strategy on recall prompted by
      B-C treatment was found to be greater in the old retardates than in the young
      retardates. Thus the memory strategy of retardates showed the same developmental
      order with time lag as in normal children, and the developmental lag theory
      (Zigler, 1969) was supported.

PMID- 3834222
TI  - [The attachment structure and the heterosexual relationship among university
      students].
AB  - Research on adolescents in romantic love has suggested that their heterosexual
      relationship may be influenced by their attachment to their mothers and to
      friends of the same sex. Three hundred fifty-nine college students responded to a
      questionnaire designed to explore this correlation. The results indicated that
      male sexual behavior and feelings of romantic love towards their girl friends
      were not influenced by the attachment to their mothers nor to their friends
      whereas those of the females were. Females who were involved in intimate sexual
      relationship had weaker attachment to their mothers; on the other hand, females
      who had strong romantic feelings, yet without sexual relationships, tended to
      have strong attachment to their friends of the same sex.

PMID- 3834223
TI  - [Semantic priming effect on the perception of a Kanji].
AB  - A priming experiment was conducted to investigate how semantic context affects
      the perception of a briefly exposed Kanji target. On each trial, a Kanji or a
      plus (neutral) was presented as the prime stimulus for 1 s. When the prime was a
      Kanji, subjects were required to imagine any compound word, the first letter of
      which was to be that prime. After a blank of 500 ms, a target Kanji was briefly
      exposed followed by a patterned mask and two response alternatives, one of which
      the subject was asked to choose. The duration of the target was so adjusted that
      each subject could respond correctly at approximately 75% level. The % choice
      response was higher when the prime and the target made up a compound word
      (related condition) and also matched to the imagined word (facilitation) than
      when not (neutral condition). When the prime and the target were unrelated, the
      performance was the worst (inhibition). In the related condition, however,
      responses were more accurate even when the prime-target pair did not match to the
      imagined compound word than in the unrelated condition. These results suggest
      that semantic priming effect occurs automatically regardless of whether the
      subject may expect the target or not.

PMID- 3834224
TI  - Nephrotoxic serum nephritis with hypertension: amelioration by antihypertensive
      therapy.
AB  - We have examined the effects of antihypertensive therapy on glomerular dynamics
      and on the clinical and morphologic features of a model of nephrotoxic serum
      nephritis (NSN) in which hypertension occurs. NSN was induced in
      uninephrectomized male Sprague Dawley rats, which drank 0.9% sodium chloride ad
      libitum. One-half were assigned randomly to a treated group whose blood pressure
      was normalized on a regimen of reserpine, hydralazine, and hydrochlorothiazide.
      Hypertension continued throughout the 6 weeks of study in untreated rats (blood
      pressure 148 +/- 5 vs. 103 +/- 3 mm Hg in treated rats, P less than 0.01).
      Urinary protein excretion was greater (437 +/- 110 vs. 254 +/- 81 mg/24 hr, P
      less than 0.005), and serum albumin lower (1.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.3 g/dl, P
      less than 0.01) in hypertensive animals. Diffuse glomerular endo- and
      extracapillary proliferation and arteriolar medial hypertrophy were observed
      frequently in nephritic rats with untreated hypertension. By contrast, structural
      abnormalities were limited primarily to focal segmental proliferation involving
      fewer than one-third of glomeruli in the absence of vascular changes in treated
      normotensive rats. Micropuncture studies performed 8 to 16 days after induction
      of nephritis showed a reduction in glomerular capillary pressure (46 +/- 1 vs. 55
      +/- 1 mm Hg, P less than 0.001), glomerular plasma flow rate (115 +/- 20 vs. 160
      +/- 20 nl/min, P less than 0.01), and single nephron filtration rate (42 +/- 4
      vs. 56 +/- 5 nl/min, P less than 0.001) with antihypertensive treatment,
      suggesting that a hemodynamic mechanism may have been responsible for enhanced
      glomerular injury in the hypertensive nephritic animals.

PMID- 3834225
TI  - Renal hemodynamics and glomerular morphology in repetitively pregnant aging rats.
AB  - Measurements were made of renal and glomerular hemodynamics and glomerular
      morphology in repetitively pregnant and age-matched virgin female Munich-Wistar
      rats. Repetitive pregnancies and lactation provide a stimulus to chronic
      increases in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and these rats were studied, by
      micropuncture, approximately 4 to 6 weeks after the end of the fifth
      gestation/lactation cycle. No differences were seen in GFR or renal plasma flow
      (RPF) rate nor in any of the determinants of single nephron filtration rate
      (SNGFR) in repetitively pregnant compared to virgin rats, although SNGFR itself
      was slightly but significantly elevated in repetitively pregnant rats. There was
      no evidence of systemic hypertension, proteinuria, or abnormal glomerular
      morphology in either group despite their advanced age (approximately 42 to 46
      weeks). Thus, the moderate chronic increase in GFR due to the stimulus of
      repetitive pregnancy and lactation does not lead to eventual deterioration in
      renal function or structural abnormalities.

PMID- 3834226
TI  - Preferential transport of non-enzymatically glucosylated ferritin across the
      kidney glomerulus.
AB  - We have examined the significance of carbohydrate structure to the
      transglomerular passage of proteins. Carbohydrate-free (non-glycosylated)
      ferritin, prepared by Concanavalin-A-sepharose affinity chromatography, was
      perfused into rat kidneys, and was observed to be restricted from transglomerular
      transport and to accumulate within the lamina rara interna of the glomerular
      basement membrane. Visibility of the laminar structure of the glomerular basement
      membrane was enhanced following perfusion fixation containing tannic acid,
      permitting the observation of charge dense regions within the basement membrane.
      Non-enzymatically glucosylated ferritin was not restricted by the lamina rara
      interna and was observed to penetrate the lamina densa and lamina rara externa.
      Glucosylated ferritin was observed to be sequestered also by epithelial pinocytic
      vesicles and to be accumulated within multivesicular bodies. Quantitative
      measurements using fluorescently labelled ferritins indicated the preferential
      clearance of glucosylated ferritin from the plasma and preferential appearance of
      glucosylated ferritin in the urine. The differential transport of glucosylated
      ferritin was not due to the formation of a cationic protein, as isoelectric
      focusing established that glucosylation of ferritin results in a more anionic
      protein. These studies suggest that glucosylation of anionic proteins results in
      their increased transglomerular permeability. This increased protein permeability
      could contribute to the proteinuria observed in diabetic microangiopathy.

PMID- 3834227
TI  - Hemodialysis membrane-induced activation of phagocyte oxidative metabolism
      detected in vivo and in vitro within microamounts of whole blood.
AB  - The production of reactive oxygen species by phagocytes from uremic patients
      undergoing hemodialysis was monitored by chemiluminescence (CL) within
      microamounts of whole blood or isolated polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, and
      compared on the basis of the dialysis membrane, cuprophane (CUP) or
      polyacrilonitrile (PAN). Compared to control subjects, resting and stimulated CL
      (with latex, zymosan, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) but not formyl-methionyl
      leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) were decreased in 10(-2) diluted blood sampled before
      dialysis. After 15 min of dialysis (ti), resting whole blood (10(-1) and 10(-2)
      diluted) CL increased sharply in patients dialyzed with the CUP but not the PAN
      membrane, while it returned to its predialysis level at the end of the session.
      This sharp resting CL increase found in whole blood at ti was not observed in
      isolated PMN cells except when tested with ti plasma from CUP dialyzed patients,
      suggesting that it was mediated via activated plasma compounds. In vitro
      treatment of normal blood, plasma, and isolated PMN cells with CUP membrane
      fragments reproduced this in vivo dialysis-induced activation of phagocyte
      oxidative metabolism strikingly and demonstrated additionally the requirement of
      complement for its induction. We propose this model as an effective means of
      evaluating dialysis membrane biocompatibility.

PMID- 3834228
TI  - Electrical charge of serum and urinary albumin in normal and diabetic humans.
AB  - The isoelectric points of albumin purified by pseudo-ligand chromatography on
      Affi-Gel Blue were determined simultaneously in serum and urine of 11 normal
      subjects and 25 diabetic patients, subdivided in groups according to their
      urinary excretion rates of albumin. Serum albumin was constituted by a single
      homogeneous peak at 4.7 (pI) in normal subjects, whereas the levels for diabetic
      patients covered this band and some other microheterogeneous levels, ranging from
      3.5 to 7 pI. By affinity chromatography with Concanavalin A-Sepharose and
      immunoelectrophoretic techniques, all these micro-heterogeneous bands were
      characterized as glycosyl albumin. In normal subjects and diabetic patients whose
      urinary excretion rate of albumin was normal or increased only slightly (10 to
      100 micrograms/min), the pattern of urinary albumin included a main band with
      normal pI (4.7) and some remarkable amounts of more anionic bands (pI between 4.0
      and 4.7) if compared to the native protein, which was characterized as glycosyl
      albumin. Such a difference was not detected in urines of diabetic patients with
      clinical nephropathy. These results indicate that the non-enzymatic glycosylation
      of albumin is a main determinant of the excretion of this protein into urine, in
      spite of the anionic electrical charge. We describe also the renal selectivity
      properties in humans that may be viewed as a model for the study of renal
      disease, but the role of such a mechanism in early diabetic nephropathy remains
      unknown.

PMID- 3834229
TI  - Acid-base homeostasis during chronic PTH excess in humans.
AB  - The chronic renal and systemic acid-base effects of hyperparathyroidism in humans
      remain controversial and unresolved. The present studies evaluated the acid-base
      response of normal human subjects to a 13-day intravenous infusion of synthetic
      b(1-34) PTH sufficient to result in sustained hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia.
      The acid-base response was biphasic: an initial transient renal acidosis
      developed on the first day of PTH infusion, followed by a prompt increase in net
      acid excretion and plasma [HCO3-] of sufficient magnitude to result in a steady
      state of mild metabolic alkalosis. The results indicate that: 1) sustained,
      continuous, experimentally produced hyperparathyroidism results in a steady state
      of mild metabolic alkalosis; 2) the alkalosis is both generated and maintained,
      at least in part, by renal mechanisms; and 3) reported renal acidosis in
      sustained clinical conditions of primary hyperparathyroidism is not attributable
      to either direct or indirect effects of PTH excess when present for a 2-week
      period, an interval sufficient to re-establish a new steady state of renal and
      systemic acid-base equilibrium.

PMID- 3834230
TI  - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in the United States: a three-year
      study.
AB  - This report of the NIH-supported National Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal
      Dialysis (CAPD) Registry summarizes data on 7,404 patients treated with CAPD
      during the three-year period 1981 through 1983, or nearly one-half of patients
      treated in the USA who were treated with CAPD during this time. While age and
      diabetes mellitus impact on mortality, they appear to have a limited influence on
      transfer or infection rate. There were 1.7 episodes of peritonitis, 0.7 exit
      site/tunnel infections, and 0.3 catheter replacements reported per patient year
      of observation. Patients averaged 10.2 hospital days per year for CAPD
      complications and 22.3 hospital days per year for all causes. Comparisons of
      these data with similar data reported for other therapies are subject to
      variations in the distribution of population and disease characteristics, as well
      as the length of the observation period.

PMID- 3834231
TI  - Interrelationship between cardiac output and vascular resistance as determinants
      of effective arterial blood volume in cirrhotic patients.
AB  - The effect of head-out water immersion (HWI) in decompensated cirrhotic patients
      to correct sodium and water excretion has been found to be incomplete and
      variable. The explanation may be that the efficacy of HWI in correcting a
      decreased effective arterial blood volume (EABV) in decompensated cirrhotic
      patients is limited by an accompanying decrease in systemic vascular resistance
      (SVR) and thus a relative increase in arterial vascular holding capacity. The
      present studies were undertaken to examine this possibility by maintaining SVR
      (dynes X sec X cm-5) nearly constant during HWI with an exogenous infusion of
      norepinephrine (HWI + NE). In six decompensated cirrhotic patients, neither HWI
      nor NE infusion alone significantly increased sodium excretion (UNaV, 13 vs. 19
      and 13 microEq/min, respectively), but each maneuver increased the excretion of a
      20 ml/kg water load (28 to 60 and 61%, respectively, both P less than 0.05). The
      combination of HWI + NE, however, significantly increased UNaV to 70 microEq/min
      (P less than 0.05) and percentage of water excretion to 95 (P less than 0.001),
      values significantly greater than those achieved with either maneuver alone.
      These differences were not explained by any changes in inulin clearance. With HWI
      alone, cardiac index (CI) increased (4.2 to 5.3 liter/min/m2, P less than 0.01),
      but SVR decreased (872 to 613 dynes X sec X cm-5, P less than 0.001) and mean
      arterial pressure (MAP) remained constant (83 vs. 78 mm Hg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3834232
TI  - Lead nephropathy.

PMID- 3834233
TI  - International symposium. New experimental findings on Hydergine. Paris, October
      29th, 1984.

PMID- 3834234
TI  - A report on the use of pulvis resinae in the treatment of thromboangiitis
      obliterans.

PMID- 3834235
TI  - Observations on the effects of acupuncture at Neiguan point on the left ventricle
      functions in 106 normal persons and 100 patients with heart disease.

PMID- 3834236
TI  - Hemicrania treated with zhi pian tong medicinal granules--a report on 150 cases.

PMID- 3834237
TI  - Acupuncture treatment for aerotitis media.

PMID- 3834238
TI  - Auriculo-acupuncture in 15 cases of discoid lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3834239
TI  - Treatment and prevention of fulminant red-eye by acupuncture and bloodletting.

PMID- 3834240
TI  - Blood chemistry in deficiency of kidney-yin and deficiency of kidney-yang types
      of subacute systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3834241
TI  - Studies of qingyangshen (root of Cynanchum otophyllum). III. Effect of
      qingyangshen on acetylcholine concentration in mouse brain.

PMID- 3834242
TI  - Antitumor activities and tumor necrosis factor producibility of traditional
      Chinese medicines and crude drugs.

PMID- 3834243
TI  - Studies on preventive and therapeutic actions of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae in
      experimental cirrhosis.

PMID- 3834244
TI  - Investigations of morphological structure of acupuncture points and meridians.

PMID- 3834245
TI  - [Histochemical study of pelvic endometriosis].
AB  - Fifteen cases of pelvic endometriosis were examined histochemically. It has been
      observed that the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase in endometriotic foci
      is identical, regardless of the organ in which it occurs. The significance of
      pelvic endometriosis as a potential source of a malignant alteration is pointed
      out.

PMID- 3834246
TI  - [Levels of serum IgE and eosinophilic granulocytes in women with cancer of the
      uterine cervix].
AB  - In a homogeneous group of patients with diagnosis ca cervicis uteri III B and
      eosinophilia the concentration of IgE in serum was studied before and during
      therapy with radiation. In the group of 17 patients in whom concentrations of IgE
      before radiation were within normal limits (mean = 40.6), after radiation they
      did not essentially change (mean = 37.1; t less than tgr; P greater than 0.05)
      and eosinophilia significantly increased at the end of therapy (t = 3.38; P less
      than 0.05). In the second group of 16 patients higher concentrations of IgE were
      found before radiation (means = 251.8) and a significant decrease after radiation
      (mean = 184.6; t = 2.55; P less than 0.05). Eosinophilia had increased here as
      well (mean = 12.88; t = 8.29; P less than 0.05). Higher concentrations of IgE and
      eosinophilia are probably partly due to the lack of specific T-suppressor cells
      for IgE but also partly due to tumour antigens.

PMID- 3834247
TI  - [Acceleration of fetal growth].
AB  - By random sampling, a total of 656 newborn infants were selected, whose mothers
      knew the first day of their last menstruation. Newborn infants were divided into
      3 groups: premature, at-term and postmature infants. Weight and height were
      measured in 583 at-term infants in 1954 and 1979. It was found that newborn
      infants of primiparas and multiparas from 1979 were statistically significantly
      heavier and longer than newborn infants from 1954. Newborn infants in 1979 of
      primiparas were 184.38 gm heavier and 2.33 cm longer and those of multiparas were
      151.51 gm heavier and 2.31 cm longer than those in 1954. The differences were the
      same for male and female infants. In the same period, no statistically
      significant changes occurred in the frequency of at-term labours. In the 25-year
      period significant socio-economic changes occurred in the Zadar region which
      enabled better employment of the population in all economic branches, especially
      in tourism and industry.

PMID- 3834248
TI  - [The value of the cardiotocographic index in the 2d stage of labor].
AB  - In the analysis of sixty five (65) cardiotocographic patterns performed at least
      half an hour before delivery of the child, the authors have used Kuvacic's CTG
      score in the second stage of labour as well as Hammacher's CTG score. The
      cardiotocographic patterns were evaluated on the basis of Kuvacic's CTG score for
      the second stage of labour and the fetal blood acid-base condition was observed.
      The authors obtained some statistically important correlation coefficients
      between CTG score and the values of the pH, pCO2 and BE in the blood of fetal
      umbilical artery and between CTG score and Apgar score after one and five
      minutes. Out of obtained results the authors have concluded that Kuvacic's CTG
      score for the second stage of labour is as precise as Hammacher's score, but is
      more simple.

PMID- 3834249
TI  - [Effect of spasmo-analgesics on uterine activity in induced labor].
AB  - On the basis of two randomly selected, independent, clinically and statistically
      comparable groups of induced labours the influence of a spasmoanalgetic
      combination of Valium and Dolantin on uterine activity and indirectly on the
      progression of labour was studied. Each group consisted of nineteen primiparous
      women differing from one another only by having been or not having been
      administrated spasmoanalgetics. All the laboures were monitored by the direct
      method of internal cardiotocography. Uterine activity was manually calculated
      with planimetrically presented active pressure area (APA). The ratio between the
      calculated activity in kPa/sec and cervical dilatation in cms resulted in the
      resistance-gram. Quantitative statistical analysis has shown significantly lower
      total and average ten-minute uterine activity in the group to which
      spasmoanalgetics were administered and where there were no changes in the
      duration of dilatation. Assuming that the total uterine impulse is an indirect
      index of cervical resistance, it can be concluded that spasmoanalgetics reduce
      cervical resistance.

PMID- 3834250
TI  - [Pregnancy, labor and the neonate of the adolescent female].
AB  - The authors studied pregnancies in adolescents, younger than 18, from 1973 to
      1983. The control group, randomly selected, consisted of 1000 child-bearing-women
      from 1976 (excluding adolescents and multiple pregnancies). The frequency of
      their labours was 3.24% and for the past five and a half years it decreased from
      3.56% to 2.93% (P 0.05). There were 17.86 labours per 1000 adolescents in the age
      between 15 and 18. Adolescents are considerably more often living in rural areas,
      are single and unemployed than pregnant women in the control group. (P 0.001).
      EPH gestosis and threatened miscarriage are more frequent in adolescents than in
      the control group (P 0.05). Premature labour in adolescents occurs in 11.13% of
      cases, and postmature labour in 1.81% of cases, which is more frequent than in
      the control group (P 0.01). Pregnancy in adolescents lasts on the average 39.0
      and in the control group 39.4 weeks. Adolescents are mostly primiparas (95.7%)
      and their labour lasts up to 12 hours (89.37%). Labours are mostly spontaneous
      (94.34%) and the frequency of cesarean sections is lower than in the control
      group (P 0.05). Adolescents' newborn infants are lighter than newborn infants in
      the control group (P 0.05). The newborn infants' birth weight increases with the
      age of their adolescents mothers. At birth, newborn infants of adolescent mothers
      have lower values of Apgar index than infants in the control group, have early
      neonatal complications in 16.06% of cases while infants in the control group in
      12.40% of cases (P 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3834251
TI  - [Abdominal pregnancy located in the greater omentum].
AB  - A patient aged 23, clinically suspected to have an extrauterine pregnancy,
      underwent puncture of the Douglas' pouch and the blood was obtained. During the
      operation, about one liter of blood was found in the abdomen and on the edge of
      the greater omentum a molla cruenta, the size of a small egg. Part of the omentum
      with the molla cruenta was redissected. Histological analysis verified pregnancy
      and endometriosis.

PMID- 3834252
TI  - Magnesium and the cardiovascular system. 12th annual French colloquium on
      magnesium. Paris, December 8, 1984.

PMID- 3834253
TI  - [Study of several parameters of magnesium metabolism in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats].
AB  - We have compared a few parameters of magnesium metabolism in spontaneously
      hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). The results show a decrease of
      plasma magnesium and urinary magnesium. There is no difference in fecal magnesium
      and in balance of magnesium. These results have raised a question as to the
      importance of changes in magnesium metabolism in the mechanism of hypertension.

PMID- 3834254
TI  - Serum magnesium levels in patients after myocardial infarction or unstable angina
      treated with nitrites and calcium antagonists.
AB  - A rise of serum Mg levels was observed in patients at 3 and 6 months after acute
      myocardial infarction, irrespective of therapeutic regimen. In unstable angina
      follow-up, serum Mg levels remained stable, but below normal values (normal mean
      values = 2.1 +/- SD 0.4 mg%). A significant difference between mean Mg levels at
      6 months was noted in patients with unstable angina treated with calcium
      antagonists and nitrites as well as in patients treated only with nitrites (p
      less than 0.02).

PMID- 3834255
TI  - [Magnesium, calcium, zinc, potassium, total and HDL cholesterol and total
      creatine kinase in 37 cases of instable angina: a correlation study].
AB  - Plasma and erythrocyte magnesium (P-Mg, E-Mg), zinc (P-Zn, E-Zn) and potassium (P
      K, E-K), plasma calcium (P-Ca), HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol and total
      creatine kinase (TCK) were determined in 37 cases (26 men, 11 women) of unstable
      angina pectoris (UAP) on the first day of hospitalization. The same variables,
      except P-K and TCK, were measured in 58 male and 53 female reference subjects.
      The methods of measurement were emission spectrometry for K, atomic absorption
      spectrometry for Mg, Ca and Zn, and the R CK NAC-activated Merckotest for TCK.
      According to the normality of distributions, statistical analysis of results was
      performed either by parametric or nonparametric tests. Multiple (R), simple (r)
      and Spearman (rs) correlation coefficients were calculated, and only significant
      correlations (p less than or equal to 0.05) were accepted. There was no
      significant R for UAP patients. For UAP men, r was negative and significant
      between P-Mg and E-K, but positive between P-Ca and P-Zn, as for reference
      subjects; and rs was negative and significant between P-Zn and TCK. For UAP
      women, only rs was positive and significant, between P-Mg and TCK. In the UAP
      population, contrary to the reference population, there were no significant
      differences relative to sex. In comparison with reference men, UAP men presented
      a significant (p less than 0.005) increase in E-Mg and significant (p less than
      0.001) decreases in P-Ca and P-Zn.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3834256
TI  - [Behavior of urinary magnesium in comparison with urinary calcium and oxaluria in
      rats subjected to portacaval anastomosis].
AB  - Rats with a portacaval anastomosis are known to be susceptible to develop uric
      acid stones. The present studies were undertaken to investigate urinary Mg, Ca
      and oxalate excretion in such rats. We found that their Mg excretion was doubled,
      Ca excretion tripled, and oxaluria somewhat decreased. The Ca crystallization
      attributed to the increased Ca2+ in the urine is, therefore, somewhat held in
      check by the increased presence of Mg in the urine and by decreased oxalates.

PMID- 3834257
TI  - [Comparison of the effects of taurine and magnesium on electrical characteristics
      of artificial and natural membranes. V. Study on the human amnion of the
      antagonism between magnesium, taurine and polluting metals].
AB  - The effects of metal pollutants (Pb, Cd, Hg, As) were studied on strips of human
      amnion isolated from the placental zone put in between two Ussing chambers with
      Hanks' solution at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4. The total conductance Gt through the
      human isolated amnion was decreased on the fetal side by Pb and As; on the
      maternal side by Cd, Hg and As. When Gt was decreased by metal pollutants, Mg or
      taurine (TA) were added in the external medium to induce an antagonism between Mg
      or TA and metal pollutants. The addition of Mg increased significantly the Gt
      reduced by Pb, Cd and Hg, but had no effect on the Gt reduced by As. The addition
      of taurine increased significantly the Gt reduced by Cd and Hg, but had no effect
      on the Gt reduced by Pb and As. Dixon's kinetics (Gt as a function of the Mg or
      TA concentration when the metal pollutant concentration increased) indicate that
      there is a competitive inhibition between Mg-Pb and Mg-Cd (the inhibition
      constant Ki is lower with Pb (= 2.5) than with Cd (= 11.4) and suggests a greater
      antagonism between Mg-Pb than between Mg-Cd). Moreover, there appears to be a
      noncompetitive inhibition between Mg-Hg, TA-Cd and TA-Hg. These results indicate
      that Mg and TA, on the fetal side, exert an action on the same sites and that, on
      the maternal side, their action takes place on the same sites and also on
      different ones. Also, TA can be considered as a partial magnesium agonist, at
      least in the human amnion.

PMID- 3834258
TI  - Effect of immobilization on histological and histochemical changes in the
      myocardium of rats on a low-magnesium diet.

PMID- 3834259
TI  - The effect of immobilization on ultrastructural changes in the myocardium of rats
      on a low-magnesium diet.

PMID- 3834260
TI  - Glomerules and juxtaglomerular system's structural changes in rats under
      hypokinesia.

PMID- 3834261
TI  - Urinary excretion of porphyrins and their precursors in chronic liver disease.

PMID- 3834263
TI  - Ethical problems in family psychotherapy of patients with hermaphroditism.

PMID- 3834262
TI  - Results of combined treatment with 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) and amphoterycine B in
      a case of cerebrospinal meningitis due to Candida albicans in an infant.

PMID- 3834264
TI  - Academic staff development.

PMID- 3834265
TI  - Understanding the processes of consultation: some models and their uses.

PMID- 3834266
TI  - A strategy for the education of 21st century physicians.

PMID- 3834267
TI  - Patient satisfaction with medical students' clinical skills: comparison of
      randomly selected hospital patients and trained patients.

PMID- 3834268
TI  - The way we teach psychology to dental students.

PMID- 3834269
TI  - The way we teach information-seeking skills.

PMID- 3834270
TI  - How we teach social medicine in a more interesting and coherent way.

PMID- 3834271
TI  - Patient education: the importance of instructional time and active patient
      involvement.

PMID- 3834272
TI  - CCTV in physiotherapy education--a survey of U.K. physiotherapy schools.

PMID- 3834273
TI  - The innovative process in medical education.

PMID- 3834274
TI  - Studies on a new progesterone-16 alpha-hydroxylating Streptomyces.

PMID- 3834275
TI  - [Variation in the heterotrophic activity and bacterial density of beach water
      from Barcelona].

PMID- 3834276
TI  - [Antimicrobial activity against Yersinia enterocolitica in higher plants].

PMID- 3834277
TI  - Transmission of Streptococcus mutans in some selected families.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to determine the source and transmission route
      of Streptococcus mutans. The frequency of this organism in saliva and plaque
      samples was compared among fifteen pairs of mothers and their children. The
      results showed that most of the mothers harboured almost equal or greater levels
      of S. mutans than their children. Similarities of the distribution of various
      serotypes and mutacin types were observed between these mothers and their
      offspring. Samples were also collected from plaque and/or carious lesions of the
      relatives of the subjects who carried one of the serotypes other than serotype c
      as the dominant S. mutans. The strains of the same serotypes of S. mutans which
      possessed similar mutacin patterns were predominantly detected in the siblings
      and mothers of each subject. However, a similar distribution of S. mutans strains
      was not clearly observed in other relatives including fathers, aunts, uncles and
      grandparents.

PMID- 3834278
TI  - A further contribution to the study of the genus Penicillium.
AB  - A study of one hundred Penicillium strains belonging to Raper and Thom's
      monoverticillate series was carried out. The data compiled led to the conclusion
      that there are no significant biochemical differences which would make possible
      an accurate separation of the strains belonging to the series.

PMID- 3834279
TI  - Complications of peritoneal dialysis: a review of 226 dialysis episodes in 100
      consecutive patients treated with peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 3834280
TI  - Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in head and neck surgery.

PMID- 3834281
TI  - Ameloblastoma: a still controversial tumour.

PMID- 3834283
TI  - Management of massive haemoptysis by percutaneous trans-arterial embolisation: a
      case report.

PMID- 3834282
TI  - Urodynamic evaluation of lower urinary tract function in the neurogenic bladder.

PMID- 3834284
TI  - True ankylosis of temporomandibular joint: a case report.

PMID- 3834285
TI  - "Miotic-induced retinal detachment": a case report.

PMID- 3834286
TI  - Use of steroids sparingly especially in children.

PMID- 3834287
TI  - The use of r value.

PMID- 3834288
TI  - Life-styles and health-related behaviour.

PMID- 3834289
TI  - Population 70 million: a consideration of health aspects.

PMID- 3834290
TI  - Growth charts based on longitudinal study of Malaysian children from birth to six
      years.

PMID- 3834291
TI  - Head circumference of Malaysian school children.

PMID- 3834292
TI  - Immunization: acceptance rates in a military community.

PMID- 3834293
TI  - 405 cases of bronchial brushing cytology: an evaluation.

PMID- 3834294
TI  - [The IOS 1999 International standard: 10 years later].

PMID- 3834295
TI  - [European Community/Canada interlaboratory program of asbestos fiber counting
      criteria: main results and comparison with analogous studies].

PMID- 3834296
TI  - [Study on mesothelioma in Lombardy from 1978 to 1982].

PMID- 3834297
TI  - Evolution of lung function and radiographic abnormalities in silicosis.

PMID- 3834298
TI  - Shrimp-meal asthma in the aquaculture industry.

PMID- 3834299
TI  - [Relation between non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity, smoking, atopy and
      respiratory function conditions in non-asthmatic subjects].

PMID- 3834300
TI  - [Interference of lead on membrane lipids].

PMID- 3834301
TI  - [Changes in the spine in working populations. 2: Reference values for the
      movement of the vertebral column for adult male subjects].

PMID- 3834302
TI  - [Are sports always contraindicated in children with chronic diseases? The
      pediatric point of view].

PMID- 3834303
TI  - [Prophylaxis of cystinic calculosis with alpha mercapto propionylglycine.
      Personal cases].

PMID- 3834304
TI  - [Serum alkaline phosphatase and its isoenzymes in the neonatal period].

PMID- 3834305
TI  - [Spontaneous perforation of the bile ducts].

PMID- 3834306
TI  - [Curing the child with cancer: the psychological cost].

PMID- 3834307
TI  - [Evaluation of the nutritional status of patients with chronic renal
      insufficiency. Muscle area, fat area and weight/height index].

PMID- 3834308
TI  - [Blood groups in pediatric surgical diseases].

PMID- 3834309
TI  - [Long-term personal experience in the diagnosis of amino acidopathies by
      chromatography of serum according to the method of Scriver et al].

PMID- 3834310
TI  - [Infection of the lower respiratory tract and air trapping].

PMID- 3834311
TI  - [The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in acromegaly patients with arterial
      hypertension].

PMID- 3834312
TI  - [Effects of short-term therapy with levothyroxine on lipid metabolism].

PMID- 3834313
TI  - [Autosomal dominant transmission of familial idiopathic hypoparathyroidism].

PMID- 3834314
TI  - [Effect of hypothalamic phospholipids in the incretory activity of the
      hypophysis].

PMID- 3834315
TI  - Lennert's lymphoma of the thyroid.

PMID- 3834316
TI  - [Addison's disease and pregnancy].

PMID- 3834317
TI  - Fourth Symposium on Epidemiology and Cancer Registries in the Pacific Basin.
      Proceedings of a symposium held in Kona, Hawaii, January 16-20, 1984.

PMID- 3834318
TI  - Cancer incidence in the Pacific Basin.

PMID- 3834319
TI  - A case-control study of lung cancer in Shanghai.
AB  - Lung cancer mortality rates are higher in Shanghai than all other large cities in
      China, with rates for females among the highest in the world. In this paper, we
      describe a case-control study now under way in Shanghai to evaluate reasons for
      this pattern, reviewing what is known about the risk factors under study. The
      objectives and methods used in the investigation are outlined.

PMID- 3834320
TI  - Correlations of values of micronutrients in sera with gastric pathology.
AB  - Sera were collected in a high-risk area for stomach cancer in Colombia from 857
      residents who had been gastroscoped. The levels of 6 micronutrients (retinol,
      beta-carotene, ascorbic acid, vitamin E, prealbumin, retinol-binding protein)
      were measured and the mean values correlated with the presence of gastric
      pathology thought to represent precursors of stomach cancer. Two micronutrients
      showed important variations in mean levels by gastric pathology: beta-carotene
      and vitamin E. Beta-carotene levels were low in patients with dysplasia, but no
      differences were detected for retinol levels.

PMID- 3834321
TI  - Urinary sodium-to-creatinine ratio as an indicator of gastric cancer risk.
AB  - The difficulties in the estimation of daily intake of sodium chloride in
      populations are discussed. Total daily output calculations are hindered by the
      difficulties investigators encounter in obtaining accurate 24-hour urine
      collections in field work situations. As an alternative, urinary sodium-to
      creatinine ratios were investigated. Such ratios, which do not change
      significantly with circadian excretion rhythms, are useful indicators of the
      amount of sodium excreted in the urine. Preliminary observations in Colombian
      populations at high and low risk of gastric cancer indicated higher sodium
      excretion in the high-risk group. Loss of sodium by other means, especially
      perspiration, needs to be estimated in some other way.

PMID- 3834322
TI  - Vitamin A and cancer incidence in a retirement community.
AB  - The use of vitamin A supplements and the risk of cancer was examined in a cohort
      of 11,888 residents of a retirement community near Los Angeles, California. After
      2 1/2 years of follow-up, 445 incident cancers occurred in 435 of the study
      participants. Overall, the relative risk of cancer for supplement users versus
      nonusers was 1.0. In a subset of 32 randomly selected individuals, the 14
      supplement users had a significantly higher mean serum retinol level (86
      micrograms/dl) than did the 18 nonusers (74 micrograms/dl).

PMID- 3834323
TI  - Relationship of dietary vitamin A and ascorbic acid intake to the risk for
      cancers of the lung, bladder, and prostate in Hawaii.
AB  - This report presents preliminary findings from 3 case-control studies in Hawaii
      in which we are examining the relationship of dietary vitamin A and ascorbic acid
      intake to the risk for cancers of the lung, bladder, and prostate. All 3 studies
      involved home interviews of cancer patients and neighborhood controls and use of
      quantitative dietary history method. In the lung cancer study, we found an
      inverse dose-response effect for total vitamin A intake in males only, with an
      odds ratio of 1.8 (P less than .05) for the lowest intake quartile relative to
      the highest; we found no association for ascorbic acid. In the bladder cancer
      study, we found lower (but not statistically significant) mean intakes of both
      vitamins in patients compared with controls, with the effect stronger for
      ascorbic acid. In the prostate cancer study, no effect was detected for total
      vitamin A or ascorbic acid in men less than 70 years old, but a direct
      association of vitamin A only with a dose-response gradient was found for men 70
      years or older (odds ratio = 1.87; P less than .05, for the highest relative to
      the lowest intake quartile). Our findings at present indicate that vitamin A has
      a protective effect against lung and bladder cancers but not against prostate
      cancer and that ascorbic acid has a protective effect against bladder cancer as
      well. In our later analyses, we will examine the possibility that the effects of
      vitamin A vary with histologic type and that this may account for the lack of an
      association with lung cancer in women.

PMID- 3834324
TI  - Mortality in Japanese with life-styles similar to Seventh-Day Adventists:
      strategy for risk reduction by life-style modification.
AB  - Using 16 years of follow-up results of a prospective cohort study for 122,261
      men, 95% of the census population, aged 40 years and older in 29 Health Center
      Districts in Japan as subjects, we compared the age-standardized mortality rates
      for cancer of each site and other causes of death in Japanese with life-styles
      similar to those of Seventh-Day Adventists (SDA), i.e., no smoking, no drinking,
      no meat consumption daily and eating green and yellow vegetables daily, with
      those of Japanese with opposite life-styles. Compared with the latter Japanese,
      the risks were one-fifth or less in Japanese with SDA-like life-styles for
      cancers of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and lung, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
      Risks were less than one-half for cancers of all sites, stomach, and liver, and
      for peptic ulcer and heart disease. As a single factor, the addition of daily
      smoking was observed to elevate the risk most strikingly in Japanese who followed
      SDA life patterns. Influences of further addition of habits of daily drinking of
      alcohol and dietary changes were significant for cancers of the esophagus, liver,
      and bladder and other selected diseases. Strategies for cancer prevention by
      means of life-style modification, e.g., increased consumption of green and yellow
      vegetables, were discussed.

PMID- 3834326
TI  - Cancer mortality experience of woodworkers, loggers, fishermen, farmers, and
      miners in British Columbia.
AB  - To evaluate occupational cancer mortality in British Columbia, we calculated the
      age-standardized proportional mortality ratios (PMR) and proportional cancer
      mortality ratios (PCMR) for 4,091 woodworkers, 5,457 loggers, 2,020 fishermen,
      4,066 farmers, and 1,912 miners. Woodworkers 20-65 years old had significantly
      elevated risks of death from stomach cancer (PCMR = 128, P less than .01) and non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma (PCMR = 140, P less than .05). Loggers appear to have an
      elevated risk of death from nasal sinus tumors (PCMR = 364, P less than .05).
      Fishermen had an elevated risk of stomach cancer (PCMR = 168, P less than .01).
      Farmers in British Columbia appeared to have excess risks of stomach (PCMR = 136,
      P less than .01) and liver cancer (PCMR = 173, P less than .05), but decreased
      risk from lung cancer (PCMR = 76, P less than .01). Miners had an elevated risk
      of death from lung cancer (PCMR = 127, P less than .05) and primary eye tumors
      (PCMR = 569, P less than .05).

PMID- 3834325
TI  - Uses of a cancer registry in the assessment of occupational cancer risks.
AB  - Five approaches for the evaluation of occupational factors in cancer etiology are
      described. These approaches, based on one's having access to cancer registry
      data, are for examining cancer profiles for industry and occupation, evaluating
      information on occupation and industry to infer exposure, observing time trends
      in incidence to evaluate tumors of occupational interest, using cases of interest
      to form the basis for case-control studies, and linking cohorts with known
      exposure to the tumor registry to ascertain cancer incidence in that cohort.

PMID- 3834327
TI  - Relationship of occupation with cancer of the maxillary sinuses in Hokkaido,
      Japan.
AB  - The age-standardized mortality rates for cancers of the nose, middle ear, and
      maxillary sinuses in Japan were calculated for 1970 and compared with those for
      1975 and 1980. Japan shows a downward trend of these rates in both sexes in
      recent years. Demographic correlation analyses revealed that only the proportion
      of persons engaged in the lumber industry was positively correlated with the male
      maxillary sinus cancer mortality rate. A matched-pair case-control study was
      performed in Hokkaido in 1982; we collected data by questionnaires mailed to 41
      male patients with maxillary sinus cancer and their age-, sex-, and residence
      matched community controls and 82 males with laryngeal cancer and their community
      controls. Family, educational, and past histories of chronic sinusitis were not
      correlated with either maxillary sinus or laryngeal cancer. A cluster of
      occupations comprised of workers exposed to some chemical substances, coal
      miners, and tailors showed a significant elevated risk for maxillary sinus cancer
      but not for laryngeal cancer.

PMID- 3834328
TI  - Medical and dental x rays as risk factors for recently diagnosed tumors of the
      head.
AB  - We used epidemiologic data on 2 tumor sites, the intracranial meninges and the
      parotid gland, to evaluate the importance of medical and dental x rays as risk
      factors for radiogenic tumors of the head diagnosed among residents of Los
      Angeles County in recent years. Exposures to x-ray treatment to the head and to
      full-mouth dental x-ray series before 1960 appear to be risk factors for both
      meningiomas and parotid tumors. Evidence from both descriptive and analytic
      studies suggests that the female over male excess of meningiomas, which is
      greatest from ages 25 to 54 years, may be partially explained by the excess
      exposure of young women to dental x rays. Study participants' ability to recall
      diagnostic x rays accurately is also evaluated by our comparisons of interview
      data to those available from dental charts. Recall of these events appears to be
      unbiased and accurate enough to justify the use of interview data in
      investigations of these risk factors.

PMID- 3834329
TI  - Occurrence of second primary cancers among patients with cervical cancer in
      Osaka, Japan.
AB  - Using the data accumulated in the Osaka Cancer Registry, we conducted a study on
      the effect of radiotherapy for cervical cancer in causing second primary cancers.
      Two groups of patients with cervical cancer, 1,767 who were given radiotherapy
      and 1,377 who were not, were followed for 7-9 years on average. In the
      radiotherapy group, 79 women had second primaries, and in the nonradiotherapy
      group, 23 did. These figures were compared with the expected cancer incidence for
      all sites. In the radiotherapy group, a significantly high observed-to-expected
      ratio was noted in cancers of the rectum, lung, and bladder. The nonradiotherapy
      group showed no site with a significantly high observed-to-expected ratio.
      Factors causing the increased level of lung cancer were studied. Some evidence
      indicated the excess was probably not related to smoking but to radiation,
      although the mechanism is unknown.

PMID- 3834330
TI  - Occurrence of breast cancer in relation to diet and reproductive history: a case
      control study in Fukuoka, Japan.
AB  - An epidemiologic study on breast cancer in relation to diet and reproductive
      history was conducted with 3 populations at different levels of risk for the
      disease: Japanese in Fukuoka, Japan (low risk), Japanese in Hawaii (intermediate
      risk), and Caucasians in Hawaii (high risk). This report describes the Fukuoka
      portion of the study. We interviewed 212 patients with histologically confirmed
      breast cancer and an equal number each of hospital and neighborhood controls to
      determine risk factors for the disease. The results indicated that
      "overnutrition" (a high-fat and high-animal protein diet) was not statistically
      associated with the disease. As noted in previous studies, age at the first birth
      was positively related to the disease; those women who gave birth to their first
      child when they were 35 or more years of age showed a relative risk of 5.0
      compared with those giving birth at less than 20 years of age. A past history of
      both natural abortion and of benign breast disease were significantly associated
      with the disease. On the whole, the results obtained from this Fukuoka portion of
      study were in good agreement with those from the Hawaii study during which
      Japanese and Caucasians in Hawaii were investigated.

PMID- 3834331
TI  - Breast cancer in Caucasian and Japanese women in Hawaii.
AB  - This case-control study included 183 Japanese and 161 Caucasian patients with
      breast cancer and equal numbers of matched hospital and neighborhood controls.
      The following factors were found to be associated with increased breast cancer
      risk in both groups of women: family history of breast cancer, history of benign
      breast disease, early age at menarche, late age at first childbirth, and late
      menopause. We noted a weak suggestion that the patients ate more saturated fats
      and oleic acid and took replacement estrogens for a longer period than did the
      neighborhood, but not hospital, controls. However, none of these differences was
      statistically significant.

PMID- 3834332
TI  - Lung cancer in women living in the Pacific Basin area.
AB  - We compared recent incidence rates for lung cancer in females among several
      regions in the Pacific Basin, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Miyagi, Hawaii, and Los
      Angeles, by ethnic group using data from the population-based registry in each
      area. The rates were high among whites and Hawaiians, intermediate in Chinese,
      and low in Japanese regardless of area. The risk of lung cancer among females who
      smoke relative to that in female nonsmokers varied from 1 ethnic group to another
      as did the proportion of smokers in the populations studied. Most of the
      interethnic differences in lung cancer incidence rates could be explained by
      differences in smoking patterns. The estimated annual incidence rate for lung
      cancer in females after subtraction of the proportion of the incidence due to
      smoking was 7.5/100,000 population in every ethnic group except the Chinese (15
      20/100,000 population). Most of the residual incidences of lung cancer were
      adenocarcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 3834333
TI  - Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Malaysia and Hong Kong.
AB  - We conducted 2 case-control studies with Malaysian and Hong Kong Chinese and
      investigated the association between salted fish intake and nasopharyngeal
      carcinoma (NPC). Both studies show a highly significant association between
      salted fish intake, especially during childhood, and NPC. Furthermore, from our
      results we estimate that the majority of NPC cases occurring in the southern
      Chinese can be attributed to their consumption of this food early in life.

PMID- 3834334
TI  - Attempts to isolate N-nitroso compounds from Chinese-style salted fish.
AB  - Various types of salted fish have been collected from Hong Kong and analyzed for
      volatile nitrosamines and bacterial mutagenicity. Both of these parameters were
      low in the samples as collected. Exposure of these samples to nitrite yields
      substantial quantities of nitrosamines and mutagenic activity.

PMID- 3834335
TI  - Hepatitis B virus and primary liver cancer on Chongming Island, People's Republic
      of China.
AB  - Data on potential risk factors for primary liver cancer (PLC), including
      hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, contaminated drinking water, maize
      consumption, and use of tobacco and alcohol were collected from 12,222 males over
      40 years of age living on Chongming Island, a high-risk area for PLC. During the
      first 3 years of follow-up (1980-82), 70 deaths from this disease occurred among
      study subjects. Preliminary results indicate that HBV carriers were 6.7 times
      more likely to die of PLC than were noncarriers (P less than .05). No association
      was found between PLC and alcohol consumption. More data are needed for
      evaluation of the relationships between cigarette smoking, maize consumption,
      contaminated drinking water, and PLC on Chongming Island.

PMID- 3834336
TI  - Relation of analgesic use to renal cancer: population-based findings.
AB  - A population-based case-control study of renal cancer (495 cases of renal cell
      cancer, 74 cases of renal pelvis cancer, and 697 controls) was conducted in the
      Minneapolis-St. Paul 7-county metropolitan area. Information was obtained on a
      large number of variables, including the use of analgesic drugs. Long-term use
      (greater than 36 mo) of phenacetin-containing products was associated in both
      sexes with a twofold increased risk for renal cell cancer. Long-term use of
      phenacetin- and acetaminophen-containing products was associated with elevated
      risks of nearly threefold to eightfold for cancer of the renal pelvis. The
      separate effects of these analgesics could not be adequately assessed because
      most long-term users took both products.

PMID- 3834337
TI  - Diet and colon cancer: integration of the descriptive, analytic, and metabolic
      epidemiology.
AB  - Case-control studies of diet and colon cancer have produced inconsistent
      findings. Data from descriptive and metabolic epidemiologic studies suggest that
      colon carcinogenesis varies by sex-age status, particularly when considered in
      relation to anatomic subsite. Thus stratification of data analysis by these
      criteria may elucidate dietary etiology. Consideration should also be given to
      the limited and nonlinear variation in colon cancer risk likely to exist in
      relation to the range of dietary "exposure" within Western study populations. In
      our community-based case-control study of colon cancer, comprising 220 patients
      and 440 individually matched controls, the dietary data have been analyzed by
      both tertile and quintile of individual consumption level. For total dietary
      energy intake, the tertile approach indicates a weak (men) to moderate (women)
      dose-response relationship; however, the quintile approach revealed in women a
      fourfold step-up in risk between the lowest and next-to-lowest quintile. For
      dietary protein, the quintile approach doubled the step-up in risk between the 2
      lowest consuming categories for men compared with the tertile approach. Applying
      this quintile approach to data analyses stratified by sex, age, and colon
      subsite, we found: 1) In women, the risk of colon cancer for the upper four
      quintiles of consumption of calories and other major nutrients was greatest at
      young ages, whereas for men it was greatest at older ages. 2) The diet-associated
      risks tend to be maximal in the left (distal) colon for men and in the right
      (proximal) colon for women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3834338
TI  - Case-control study of urinary bladder cancer in metropolitan Nagoya.
AB  - We conducted a population-based case-control study of patients with bladder
      cancer and of controls drawn randomly from the general population of Metropolitan
      Nagoya and interviewed both groups. The incidence rates of bladder cancer were
      2.42 and 7.05/100,000 for females and males, respectively. The analysis, based on
      293 patients and 589 controls who were frequency matched for age, sex, and
      residence, provided the following major findings. Age-adjusted relative risks of
      1.89 (1.15-3.10) and 3.53 (1.71-7.27) were found in male and female cigarette
      smokers, respectively. Significant relative risk was also found in males who
      drank cocoa. Elevated risk with a dose-response relationship was observed among
      women who used hair dye and who smoke, but this risk was insignificant, with the
      disappearance of a dose-response relationship, when it was adjusted for smoking.
      Age- and smoking-adjusted relative risk of coffee drinking was insignificant with
      no dose-response relationship. Relative risk of artificial sweetener use was
      below 1 with adjustment for age and smoking. Intake of alcoholic beverages and
      cola was insignificantly associated. Reduced risk of significance was suggested
      for the intake of black tea and matcha (powdered green tea) in females and of
      fruit juice in males.

PMID- 3834339
TI  - Nutritional status of the high esophageal cancer risk population in Linxian,
      People's Republic of China: effects of vitamin supplementation.
AB  - Plasma levels of nutrients in 196 individuals were assayed as part of a study of
      the feasibility of a nutrition intervention trial in Linxian, a county in North
      Central China with exceptionally high rates of esophageal cancer. High
      performance liquid chromatography analyses of samples collected in April 1983
      showed low (relative to United States standards) base-line levels for retinol,
      alpha-tocopherol, and beta- and alpha-carotene. Repeat sampling in August 1983
      revealed significantly increased plasma levels of retinol and alpha-tocopherol
      among those who had in the interim received daily supplementation with
      multivitamin pills containing the Recommended Dietary Allowance levels of those
      nutrients but not among those without supplementation. Levels of carotenes, which
      were not included in the pills, tended to increase regardless of supplementation,
      consistent with seasonal variations in availability of carotenoid-containing
      foods. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry analyses showed essentially normal
      levels of copper and zinc in plasma. Neither was affected by vitamin
      supplementation (the pills did not contain minerals) nor seasonal variation. The
      data are generally consistent with prior biochemical surveys in indicating
      marginal or low status of several nutrients in Linxian and in showing that
      supplementation with vitamins can effectively raise blood nutrient levels.

PMID- 3834340
TI  - Religion and cancer in Los Angeles County.
AB  - The patterns of cancer risk by religion in the large multidenominational
      population of Los Angeles County were examined with the method of proportional
      incidence. Risk estimates for individual cancers by religion were screened and
      those extreme but stable estimates found were reexamined in light of relative
      socioeconomic class, nativity, and ethnicity. Within Protestant denominations,
      gradients which can still best be attributed to religious preference were
      observed for leukemia, stomach, and cervix cancer. Roman Catholics tend to have
      high risks of stomach and gallbladder and a low risk of prostate cancer, whereas
      Eastern Orthodox women trade high risk of stomach cancer for low risk of
      endometrial and lung cancer. The most extreme pattern of risk, that for Jews, is
      comprised of lowered risk for cervical cancer and for most sites usually
      associated with smoking, plus consistently higher risk for lymphomas, thyroid
      cancer, and bladder cancer among males. Like Jews, Seventh-Day Adventists
      experience high risk for lymphoma and low risk for cervical and respiratory
      cancers. Risk to Mormons in Los Angeles differs from that of the standard
      Protestant population in only minor and inconsistent ways. Neither Mormons nor
      Adventists showed the previously reported deficits of colorectal or breast
      cancer. Although the method of proportional incidence may be partly responsible
      for our failure to confirm previous findings, nonreligious cultural or
      methodologic factors in the original investigations also provide plausible
      explanations. More generally, associations of the modest magnitude observed
      between cancer risk and religion in American populations should probably not be
      attributed to religious life-style, unless extraordinary circumstances permit the
      exclusion of other determinants.

PMID- 3834341
TI  - Recent history of China-United States Cooperation in Cancer Research.

PMID- 3834342
TI  - Risk factors for breast cancer in Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
AB  - Four hundred fifteen patients with breast cancer who were between 25 and 59 years
      old were interviewed. They were identified through a breast cancer screening
      program conducted by the Tianjin Cancer Institute during 1977-80. Controls were
      women who participated in the screening program but were free of breast cancer.
      The study confirmed early menarche, late age at first birth, and late menopause
      as major risk factors for breast cancer. Total duration of lactation was
      significantly associated with a reduction in its risk among parous women, but
      this was explained by higher parity among controls. No significant differences
      were observed between patients and controls in the amount of exposure to chest
      radiographs or use of hormones.

PMID- 3834343
TI  - Colorectal cancer in Chinese and Chinese-Americans.
AB  - Rationale and plans are described for a collaborative case-control study of large
      bowel cancer among Chinese-Americans in Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay
      Area and among Chinese in Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. A common
      protocol and questionnaire will be used during personal interviews of
      approximately 400 Chinese and 300 Chinese-American patients with histologically
      confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum and 2,100 Chinese and Chinese
      American controls. Controls will be matched to patients on age, sex, and
      community of residence. The information requested from subjects will permit
      testing of hypotheses relating colorectal cancer risk to: dietary factors,
      including intake of fat (saturated and unsaturated), animal protein, fiber, and
      vitamins A and E and ascorbic acid; physical activity levels and body mass index;
      reproductive factors among women; history of bowel disease; and family history of
      cancer. The information requested of Chinese-American subjects will also permit
      testing of hypotheses relating cancer risk to such migrant factors as United
      States versus Chinese nativity, duration of residence in the United States, and
      Chinese province of ancestry. These factors will be tested for associations with
      cancers of the colon and rectum separately and with cancers of the large
      intestine as a whole. We will examine sex and geographic differences in relative
      risks for etiologic factors, location of tumors within the large bowel,
      histologic subtype of adenocarcinoma, and frequency of accompanying polyps.

PMID- 3834344
TI  - Some epidemiologic observations of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Guangdong,
      People's Republic of China.
AB  - Chinese in the province of Guangdong have the highest risk of nasopharyngeal
      carcinoma (NPC) in China. Within Guangdong, variation in rates among the 3 major
      dialect groups is threefold. The Cantonese who reside in the central region of
      Guangdong display the highest risk of NPC. Among the Cantonese, those living on
      boats have twice the risk of those who live on land. These observations are
      consistent with earlier studies of southern Chinese residing in Hong Kong and
      Southeast Asia.

PMID- 3834345
TI  - A case-control study of esophageal cancer in Linxian, People's Republic of China.
AB  - A case-control study involving interviews with 1,200 patients with esophageal
      cancer and 1,200 population-based controls has been initiated in Linxian, a
      county in North Central China with perhaps the world's highest mortality rates
      for this tumor. Here we describe the rationale, study methods, and results of a
      pilot study that established the feasibility of the investigation.

PMID- 3834346
TI  - Air pollution and lung cancer in Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
AB  - A correlation study linking age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rates with indices
      of air pollution was conducted as a first step in the investigation of the high
      rate of lung cancer in Liaoning Province. Mortality rates for this cancer during
      1976-78 for males and females were elevated in the large industrial cities with
      metallurgical processing and machinery manufacturing industries, after smoking
      was taken into account. However, there was little correlation between measures of
      total suspended particulates and lung cancer rates across the 10 major cities of
      the Province. Neighborhood air pollution indices correlated significantly with
      local commune mortality rates within the largest city, and lung cancer rates were
      higher near certain point sources of industrial pollution (including a copper
      zinc smelter). These findings indicate that the atmospheric pollution in this
      northern Chinese province may contribute to lung cancer risk and that further
      analytic epidemiologic study in this high-risk area is warranted for evaluation
      of the role of outdoor and indoor air pollutants.

PMID- 3834347
TI  - Opportunities for United States-People's Republic of China collaboration in
      cancer epidemiology.

PMID- 3834348
TI  - Cancer incidence in Caucasians living in the Pacific Basin.
AB  - Variations in cancer incidence among whites in 1973-77 in 8 geographic areas of
      the Pacific Basin were compared. Substantial differences were found for the
      occurrences of lung cancer, cancer of the corpus uteri, and malignant melanoma.
      White women living in New Zealand and Australia had the lowest risk of developing
      lung cancer, whereas white men living in the western United States had the
      highest risk. Cancer of the corpus uteri occurred more commonly in the western
      United States than elsewhere in the Pacific Basin. Geographic areas located
      closest to the equator experienced the highest incidence of malignant melanoma.
      In all areas, the incidence rates of cancers of the lung and corpus uteri and
      malignant melanoma increased significantly between 1960-66 and 1973-77; after the
      mid-1970s, rates of cancer of the corpus uteri declined. The incidence of stomach
      cancer decreased in all areas. Although cervical cancer decreased in incidence
      over time for most women, it increased noticeably in young women. The incidence
      of breast cancer also rose during the 17-year period. In at least 1 geographic
      area, the observed increases in breast cancer incidence were confined to women
      under age 40.

PMID- 3834349
TI  - Cancer incidence in the islands of the Pacific.
AB  - The South Pacific Commission Cancer Registry has been operational since 1977, and
      reasonably complete cancer incidence rates are available for New Caledonia, Fiji,
      Micronesia, the Cook Islands, and Niue. In addition, less complete reporting is
      available from American Samoa, Papua New Guinea, and French Polynesia. Cancers of
      the lung, oral cavity, esophagus, liver, and cervix are potentially preventable
      but prevalent in many Pacific island countries. Unusually low rates of many
      cancers were observed in Fiji, the most notable being lung and colon-rectum.
      Thyroid cancer rates are elevated in some but not all female populations. These
      and other variations in cancer by site are important areas for further research.

PMID- 3834350
TI  - Cancer incidence in Japanese in Japan, Hawaii, and western United States.
AB  - We based our systematic review of the cancer incidence rates of 48 anatomic sites
      of Japanese in Japan (Miyagi, Osaka, and Fukuoka Prefectures) and Japanese and
      Caucasians in the United States (Hawaii, San Francisco Bay Area, and Los Angeles
      County) on the cancer incidence data included in volume IV of "Cancer Incidence
      in Five Continents." Cancer sites were classified into 10 categories according to
      the trend of cancer incidence among the 3 groups. To evaluate the influences of
      environmental and racial factors, we used the ratio of cancer incidence in
      Japanese living in the United States to that of native Japanese, and the ratio of
      cancer incidence in Caucasians to that of Japanese living in the same areas of
      the United States. The present study revealed that the risks of cancers of the
      prostate, corpus uteri, colon, thyroid, breast, ovary, and testis were elevated,
      whereas those of the stomach, esophagus, and cervix uteri were decreased in the
      United States. Caucasians were more susceptible to melanoma, cancers of the
      mouth, lip and vermilion border, tongue, oropharynx, and larynx than were the
      Japanese, but the Japanese were more susceptible to cancers of the stomach,
      gallbladder, and liver. The difficulties we encountered in differentiating the
      influences of environmental factors from those of genetic racial factors are
      discussed. The necessity for further observations of the life-style (especially
      dietary habits) and the cancer incidence of Japanese living in the United States
      and comparisons with those of native Japanese and Caucasians are emphasized.

PMID- 3834351
TI  - A case-control study of stomach cancer in Shandong Province.
AB  - Stomach cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in China. Although the
      causes of this cancer are unknown, special opportunities exist for the evaluation
      of etiologic factors in Linqu County in Shandong Province where rates are
      exceptionally high. We have described here a newly initiated case-control study,
      which focuses on certain dietary items as risk factors for stomach cancer in
      Linqu.

PMID- 3834352
TI  - Cancer incidence among Filipinos in Hawaii and the Philippines.
AB  - Cancer incidence rates were compared for Filipinos in Hawaii (1978-81) and Manila
      (1977). Data for Hawaii were from the statewide Hawaii Tumor Registry; those for
      Manila were from the Central Tumor Registry of the Philippines. In addition, time
      trends (4-yr intervals) for cancer among Filipinos in Hawaii were examined for
      the period 1962-81 and compared with corresponding patterns among Caucasians. For
      most cancer sites, the rates among Filipinos in Hawaii showed expected increases
      or decreases from the Manila rates. Notable findings included a dramatic increase
      in thyroid cancer rates among Filipino women in Hawaii (highest of all ethnic
      groups), a surprising lack of increase in female breast cancer rates in Hawaii,
      and a lower than expected increase in colon cancer rates in Hawaii. The time
      trend analyses showed remarkably similar patterns in Filipinos and Caucasians in
      Hawaii and no suggestion that differences between the 2 populations are
      decreasing over time. These observations indicate that useful clues to cancer
      etiology can be found by further study of the Filipino experience in Hawaii.

PMID- 3834353
TI  - Cancer in Hispanics in Los Angeles County.
AB  - Using ethnicity of surname, nativity, residential social class, and inferred age
      at migration to characterize and subdivide Hispanics in Los Angeles, we compared
      risk ratios and proportional incidence ratios to examine the patterns of
      occurrence of selected neoplasms within the Hispanic community. Common neoplasms
      for which Hispanics have high, low, and intermediary risk were examined in
      detail. Although the patterns expected on the basis of current concepts of
      etiology were generally found and served to reinforce presumptions about the
      biologic significance of the risk factors, a number of observations cannot be
      explained easily with current knowledge. The risks for stomach and bowel cancers
      do not conform to the mirror-image patterns to be expected on the basis of
      inverse patterns of dietary acculturation. Incidence of cancer of the breast, in
      contrast to that of cervix, does not appear to reflect early cultural practice.
      Consistent details in the patterns of cancers of the bladder, rectum, ovary,
      prostate, and possibly pancreas imply unrecognized determinants of disease.
      Gallbladder cancer in Hispanic women is the disease most closely tied to Hispanic
      origin or culture, or both, but the ethnic pattern in women differs greatly from
      that in men.

PMID- 3834354
TI  - The effects of caffeine on psychological functioning.
AB  - The past few years have witnessed a growing literature on the behavioural,
      cognitive and performance effects, both beneficial and hazardous, of caffeine
      ingestion. A brief overview of these studies is provided and methodological
      difficulties discussed. Disagreement over such factors as the quantity of
      caffeine required to produce deleterious effects, difficulties obtaining valid
      measures of caffeine intake from self-reports and differing interpretations of
      tolerance levels and absorption rates between studies, often prevent the
      derivation of meaningful results. The need for a rigorous, scientific appraisal
      of the effects of caffeine on psychological functioning is emphasised. This
      requires agreement about criteria referred to above, a more valid data base, and
      in some cases, the adoption of alternative methodology.

PMID- 3834355
TI  - Raw energy--nutrition of the future?
AB  - 'Normal' life can be maintained on a diet incapable of producing high level
      health. Such high levels can, however, be achieved by the consumption of what
      McCarrison called 'the unsophisticated foods of Nature', when given in their
      natural state. The implications for contemporary society are reviewed. This
      nutritional value of foods is traced back to energy and to the two physical laws
      which govern energy. Schrodinger's examination of this problem highlighted the
      contrast between the entropy of energy in physical systems and biological order.
      Schrodinger spoke of neg-entropy, referring to the reversal of entropy in the
      affairs of living systems. This philosophical paradox is discussed.

PMID- 3834356
TI  - Nutritional control of heart disease and cancer: are different diets necessary.
AB  - Man evolved as a wild animal and his nutritional biology was adapted to wild
      plants and animals. That diets have been modified by trade is illustrated from
      the author's experience in Uganda where dramatic differences occur in the diets
      in the North and South of the country. Internationally, the incidence and pattern
      both of cardiovascular disease and cancer caries with the ecology of the regions.
      What is seen in miniature in Uganda is to be seen enlarged upon a world scale. In
      the course of agriculture we have changed the balance of nutrients offered by
      wild plants and animals. In particular we have substituted storage fat for
      structural fat whilst also changing our diet in the direction of a high refined
      carbohydrate food structure.

PMID- 3834357
TI  - [A method of examining the lymphatic system of the laryngeal mucosa].

PMID- 3834358
TI  - [Characteristics of the lymphatic system of the epiglottis in the normal state
      and in laryngeal cancer].

PMID- 3834359
TI  - [Difficult decannulation after cranio-cerebral injuries].

PMID- 3834360
TI  - [Results of X-ray treatment of early cancer of the glottis (data from the
      Radiotherapy Clinic, Warsaw Medical Academy 1960-1976)].

PMID- 3834361
TI  - [Laryngeal chondromas].

PMID- 3834362
TI  - [Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity (data from the Institute of Oncology
      in Cracow)].

PMID- 3834363
TI  - [Problem of the obliteration of fistulae of the labyrinthine canal in functional
      surgery of chronic otitis media].

PMID- 3834364
TI  - [Autoantibodies in allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract].

PMID- 3834365
TI  - [Mechanism of shadow hearing].

PMID- 3834366
TI  - [Use of uropolin (amidotrezoate sodium) in the treatment of deafness in a child].

PMID- 3834367
TI  - [A case of sudden deafness in a 6-year-old boy].

PMID- 3834368
TI  - [A case of odontogenic brain abscess].

PMID- 3834369
TI  - [Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx].

PMID- 3834370
TI  - [Pollen and cytological analysis of nasal secretions of individuals with
      pollinosis].

PMID- 3834371
TI  - [Correlations between grading and presence of blood group isoantigens in
      papillary urothelial-cell carcinoma of the bladder with low grade malignancy].

PMID- 3834372
TI  - [Cytodiagnosis in breast pathology: cyto-histological correlations in 129 cases].

PMID- 3834373
TI  - [Urinary cytology in symptomatic subjects: cyto-histological comparison in 124
      cases].

PMID- 3834374
TI  - [Lymphangioma of the respiratory tract: considerations on 2 cases].

PMID- 3834375
TI  - Adenomatoid leiomyoma and papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis.

PMID- 3834376
TI  - Hereditary enlarged parietal foramina (foramina parietalia permagna). Prenatal
      diagnosis, evolution and family study.

PMID- 3834377
TI  - [Bone angiomatoses in children. Apropos of 3 personal cases].
AB  - Three observations of skeletal angiomatosis are reported: one diffuse and two
      focal forms (Gorham's disease). The analysis of these cases and a review of the
      literature enhance the clinical and radiological presentation of this uncommon
      disease. The authors point out the interest of indirect lymphoscintigraphy and
      dwell on the gravity of its course, in spite of therapeutic attempts.

PMID- 3834378
TI  - [Registry of cancers in children in the regions of Provence, the Alps, Cote
      d'Azur and Corsica. Setting up and evaluation of the year 1984].
AB  - Epidemiology is a promising clinical way for research on cancer. A population
      based pediatric cancer registry was opened since January 1984 in 2 regions of
      south-eastern France. Its purpose is to analyse childhood cancer incidence and
      possible variations. A case-control study on risk factors was set up at the same
      time. Registration procedures and 1984 data are reported. The observed incidence
      is 11.86 new cancer cases/10(5) children/year.

PMID- 3834379
TI  - [Congenital tracheal stenosis associated with aberrant left pulmonary artery.
      Apropos of a severe form with neonatal disclosure].
AB  - The case report is presented of a newborn infant afflicted with extensive
      congenital tracheal stenosis associated with anomalous left pulmonary artery,
      proving rapidly fatal. The possibility of tracheal anomaly must be envisaged in
      the face of any neonatal respiratory distress unexplained by pulmonary
      parenchymatous pathology. Diagnosis of this complex malformation relies on
      endoscopy and oesophagogram and tracheo-bronchogram contrasts.

PMID- 3834380
TI  - [Meningeal hemorrhage, a symptom disclosing spinal tumor in children].
AB  - One case of subarachnoid haemorrhage due to a spinal cord tumor, seen in a child,
      is reported. This exceptional etiology, whose the look is often misleading must
      be called to mind when meningeal and rachidian syndromes are associated.
      Ependymoma of cauda equina is the most common tumor.

PMID- 3834381
TI  - [Thromboangiitis obliterans and distal gangrene in a 5-year-old child].
AB  - Distal gangrene associated with arterial hypertension but without systemic
      manifestations or muco-cutaneous eruptions was noted in a 5 years old child.
      Gangrene first appeared in toes and then in fingers. Progression in a 7 months
      period led to bilateral midleg amputation and amputation of several fingers.
      Angiography revealed complete obliteration of popliteal and humeral arteries by
      thrombi and histologic examination of amputated material showed organized thrombi
      with phlebothrombosis and without vasculitis. Biopsies of liver, lung, kidneys
      and skin were unremarkable and immunofluorescence studies with various antisera
      were negative. Also no contributing factor or etiologic agents were found,
      similarities to adult type Buerger's disease are striking. Vasodilators were of
      no help and bilateral lumbar and cervical sympathectomy could only demarcate the
      already present gangrene.

PMID- 3834382
TI  - [Neonatal listeriosis and postnatal contamination. A new case].
AB  - Four cases of neonatal listeriosis issued from the same maternity during the
      period of ten days are reported in this paper. Three newborns suffered from a
      delayed listeriosis meningitic form with complete recovery. The fourth newborn
      suffered from early septicemic form and died. This is a new observation of post
      natal cross infection with listeria monocytogenes in the same maternity. The
      reported cases remain rare up to now, although this is a classic notion.

PMID- 3834383
TI  - Eye movements and illusions of alignment.
AB  - Extraction of the location of a target in the visual periphery is a fundamental
      visual process which may be manifested both in conscious judgments of location,
      such as decisions about alignment, and in the processing required to execute an
      eye movement to a peripheral target. In both cases, location judgement is
      affected by the neighbouring visual configuration. An experiment is reported in
      which the amplitude of saccadic eye movements has been measured to study the
      effect of a configuration consisting of a single 'induction line'. The results
      demonstrate systematic effects of this line on the size of the saccade which are
      closely similar to those previously found in an alignment task.

PMID- 3834384
TI  - Illusory motions induced by rapid displacements of the observer.
AB  - Some illusory effects of movement are described that are easily observable when
      the subject is in rapid locomotion (driving a car or travelling on a train) and
      gazes fixedly at a particular point of the scene. These effects are essentially
      characterized by deformations and displacements of parts of the environment. It
      is suggested that the phenomenon responsible for them is the loss of size and
      position constancy, respectively. Experimental evidence indirectly validates this
      hypothesis, and a program of studies is now under way to further corroborate it.

PMID- 3834385
TI  - Visual space as physical geometry.
AB  - The geometrical incongruence between patterns in visual space and structures and
      patterns of activity in the visual cortex, long known to investigators, serves as
      a criterion for evaluating physical theories of visual space. The problem of
      determining the geometry of the visual world (visual geometry) is compared with
      that of determining the geometry of the physical world (physical geometry).
      Theories as to the possible physical locus of visual space, whether in the brain
      or elsewhere, are reviewed, analyzed, and criticized accordingly. It is concluded
      that on the basis of congruence alone it would be predicted that visual space is
      not to be found in the brain, even though it is seemingly linked to it causally,
      as experimental neurology and neurophysiology demonstrate. Alternative theories
      as to the nature of visual space are considered, but are also found to be
      inadequate in explaining visual space in terms acceptable to contemporary
      science.

PMID- 3834386
TI  - Poggendorff and Muller-Lyer illusions: common effects.
AB  - Previous investigations have shown that the magnitude of the Muller-Lyer illusion
      is a function of the linear and angular dimensions of the figure. If the Muller
      Lyer and Poggendorff illusions share a common basis, then the magnitude of the
      Poggendorff illusion should similarly be a function of the analogous configural
      dimensions. A study is reported in which changes were made in the dimensions of
      the Poggendorff figure that are analogous to the dimensions of the Muller-Lyer
      figure: the length of the parallel components (analogous to the wings of the
      Muller-Lyer figure); the length of the intertransversal extent (analogous to
      Muller-Lyer shaft length); and the angle formed between the parallel components
      and the intertransversal extent (analogous to the angle of wing attachment in the
      Muller-Lyer figure). The relationship between the magnitude of the illusion and
      the dimensions of the Poggendorff figure was found to be generally in line with
      previous findings relating to the Muller-Lyer illusion. Adaptation-level theory
      and the positive-context model accommodate the major findings of the present
      study.

PMID- 3834387
TI  - PMF: a stereo correspondence algorithm using a disparity gradient limit.
AB  - The advantages of solving the stereo correspondence problem by imposing a limit
      on the magnitude of allowable disparity gradients are examined. It is shown how
      the imposition of such a limit can provide a suitable balance between the twin
      requirements of disambiguating power and the ability to deal with a wide range of
      surfaces. Next, the design of a very simple stereo algorithm called PMF is
      described. In conjunction with certain other constraints used in many other
      stereo algorithms, PMF employs a limit on allowable disparity gradients of 1, a
      value that coincides with that reported for human stereoscopic vision. The
      excellent performance of PMF is illustrated on a series of natural and artificial
      stereograms. Finally, the differences between the theoretical justification for
      the use of disparity gradients for solving the stereo correspondence problems
      presented in the paper and others that exist in the stereo algorithm literature
      are discussed.

PMID- 3834388
TI  - Accumulator and random-walk models of psychophysical discrimination: a counter
      evaluation.
AB  - In a recent assessment of models of psychophysical discrimination, Heath
      criticises the accumulator model for its reliance on computer simulation and
      qualitative evidence, and contrasts it unfavourably with a modified random-walk
      model, which yields exact predictions, is susceptible to critical test, and is
      provided with simple parameter-estimation techniques. A counter-evaluation is
      presented, in which the approximations employed in the modified random-walk
      analysis are demonstrated to be seriously inaccurate, the resulting parameter
      estimates to be artefactually determined, and the proposed test not critical. It
      is pointed out that Heath's specific application of the model is not legitimate,
      his data treatment inappropriate, and his hypothesis concerning confidence
      inconsistent with experimental results. Evidence from adaptive performance
      changes is presented which shows that the necessary assumptions for quantitative
      analysis in terms of the modified random-walk model are not satisfied, and that
      the model can be reconciled with data at the qualitative level only by making it
      virtually indistinguishable from an accumulator process. A procedure for deriving
      exact predictions for an accumulator process is outlined.

PMID- 3834389
TI  - A note on the inconsistency of the substitution model for taste mixtures.

PMID- 3834391
TI  - An exception to the 90 degrees corner bias.

PMID- 3834390
TI  - The perception of performance in stress: the utilisation of cognitive facts by
      nondepressed and depressed students.
AB  - Three experiments are reported in which expectancies about performance in
      stressful conditions by nondepressed and depressed nonclinical populations were
      examined. The first experiment was concerned with estimates of either errors or
      response rates made in advance, with regard to the likely competence level of a
      (hypothetical) person allegedly working in conditions of either loud noise,
      fatigue, sleep loss, social stress, or incentive. Nondepressed subjects as well
      as depressed subjects provided negative expectancies. The second experiment
      involved obtaining an estimate of personal competence in conditions where
      subjects were instructed that personal performance on the task would be required
      after the estimate had been provided. Nondepressed subjects differed from
      depressed subjects in that the estimates of the former were less negative in
      terms of the magnitude of the estimates provided. A third experiment was designed
      to see whether the negative expectancies about performance in stress exhibited
      both by nondepressed and by depressed subjects would be used in making allowances
      for the competence of a typist on the basis of a typescript allegedly produced
      under high noise conditions. An unexpected effect was that depressed subjects
      judged the typist more harshly and failed to make allowance for adverse working
      conditions in the way that nondepressed subjects did. The results are discussed
      in terms of the implications for understanding cognitive factors in depression.

PMID- 3834392
TI  - It's all done with mirrors: proof of non-existence.
AB  - Mirrors can show us to be absent (with minimal cognitive damage) and also can
      show imaginary lines to be unreal (again with little or no effect on the
      adjoining percept). The processes that create the subjective lines are immune to
      the optic information that the lines do not exist.

PMID- 3834393
TI  - What's up? The Margaret Thatcher illusion revisited.

PMID- 3834394
TI  - The metric of visual space.

PMID- 3834395
TI  - Attending to two fingers: two hands are better than one.

PMID- 3834396
TI  - Mixed-modality psychophysical scaling: inter- and intramodality sequential
      dependencies as a function of lag.

PMID- 3834397
TI  - Pigeon discrimination of letters and other forms in texture displays.

PMID- 3834398
TI  - The development of beliefs about falling objects.

PMID- 3834399
TI  - Noncategorical identification of rise time.

PMID- 3834400
TI  - Effect of frequency, timbre, experience, and feedback on musical tuning skills.

PMID- 3834401
TI  - Improvement in direction discrimination: no role for eye movements.

PMID- 3834402
TI  - Risk factor and behavioral correlates of willingness to participate in cancer
      prevention trials.
AB  - Because of the growing interest in prospective trials of dietary and
      chemopreventive interventions for cancer, we studied the characteristics of
      persons likely to participate in such investigations. The study population
      consisted of a random sample of 576 persons who had previously attended the
      Prevention-Detection Center at Roswell Park Memorial Institute to receive a
      cancer screening examination and a risk assessment. Data were collected using a
      mailed questionnaire. Of the respondents, 77% indicated some degree of interest
      in participating in a cancer prevention study involving dietary changes, 27%
      indicated a definite interest and 50% indicated a possible interest. A similar
      pattern of response was obtained with respect to participation in a cancer
      prevention study that involves subjects taking medication, such as vitamin
      supplements. The findings suggest that those who are the most interested in
      participating in cancer prevention research are more likely to (on average) be
      younger, better educated, have higher annual family incomes, be regular vitamin
      users, have greater awareness of the possible link between dietary practices and
      cancer risk, be more concerned about getting cancer, and be more likely to
      believe that changes in dietary practices can decrease the cancer risk. These
      findings may have important implications for the planning and conduct of
      prospective trials of cancer prophylaxis.

PMID- 3834403
TI  - Effects of vitamin E on fibroblast fibronectin.
AB  - Fibronectin is a glycoprotein found mainly on fibroblast cell surfaces. Cultured
      human skin fibroblasts grow as monolayers in regular linear and whorl-shaped
      patterns. Exposure to a certain vitamin E analogue, D-alpha-tocopheryl
      polyethylene-glycol-1000-succinate, induces concentration-dependent morphological
      and pattern changes. Using indirect immunofluorescence techniques, fibronectin, a
      cell protein associated with cell structure and intercellular patterns, was
      identified within the cells and the intercellular spaces. At a low concentration,
      the vitamin E analogue caused inhibition of the intercellular distribution of
      fibronectin without changes in intracellular fibronectin or significant
      disruption of the morphological patterns. At higher concentrations morphological
      changes ensued. These data suggest that the mechanism of vitamin E-induced
      morphological and intercellular pattern changes may not be manifested through
      inhibition of fibronectin deposition or secretion.

PMID- 3834404
TI  - Changes in food intake and nutritional status in patients treated with radiation
      therapy for cancer of the larynx and pharynx.
AB  - Nutritional status and food intake were recorded for 28 patients with cancer of
      the larynx and 13 patients with cancer of the pharynx. All patients were without
      distant metastases and received radiotherapy with a curative intent. No patients
      were nutritionally depleted when treatment began. Treatment did not induce
      changes in nutritional status or food intake in patients with cancer of the
      larynx. The mean energy intake was 135% of the basal metabolic rate (BMR), and
      the protein intake was 1 g/kg/day. Inversely, patients with cancer of the pharynx
      suffered a mean loss of body weight of 5 kg (p less than .01), which was almost
      equally divided between fat tissue (-2.2 kg) and fat-free cell mass (-2.6 kg).
      There were only minor or no changes in serum albumin and serum transferrin. Mean
      energy intake was 121% of BMR, and the mean protein intake was 0.9 g/kg/day.
      Neither nutritional support during admission nor dietetic instructions managed to
      preserve the nutritional status in patients with cancer of the pharynx.
      Therefore, these patients need a more intensified nutritional therapy, such as
      tube feeding.

PMID- 3834405
TI  - [Results of measurements of maximal midexpiratory flow rate in healthy persons].

PMID- 3834406
TI  - [Functional state of the respiratory system and the incidence of chronic
      bronchitis in workers exposed to hazardous occupational conditions].

PMID- 3834407
TI  - [Determining total lung capacity (TLC) based on parameters of maximal expiratory
      flow-volume curves and simple chest measurements].

PMID- 3834408
TI  - [A new method of differentiating various types of ventilatory insufficiency].

PMID- 3834409
TI  - [Thoracic changes in multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy].

PMID- 3834410
TI  - [A case of pneumonia caused by Toxoplasma in a 3 1/2-year-old girl].

PMID- 3834411
TI  - Multiple treatment potentiates the anticonvulsive activity of cholecystokinin
      octapeptides.
AB  - The dose-response curves for the anticonvulsive activity of sulfated and
      nonsulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8-SE and CCK-8-NS) against
      picrotoxin-induced (6 mg/kg SC) seizures were assessed either following or
      without pretreatment with a single high dose of CCK-8-SE or CCK-8-NS, to examine
      acute tolerance to the effect after IP injections in mice. As CCK-8-SE or CCK-8
      NS pretreatment, a 1.6 mumole/kg dose was injected 2 hr prior to the second
      injection. No acute tolerance to the anticonvulsive activity was demonstrated,
      and CCK-8-NS pretreatment significantly potentiated its own anticonvulsive
      activity. Chronic (8-day) daily treatment with a 0.16 mumole/kg dose of CCK-8-SE
      or CCK-8-NS antagonized seizures by picrotoxin, presumably in a cumulative
      manner. To investigate the interactions of CCK octapeptides with other
      anticonvulsive agents, picrotoxin-induced seizures were antagonized with several
      doses of diazepam following or without acute, high-dose pretreatment with CCK-8
      SE or CCK-8-NS. The two octapeptides only slightly modified the activity of
      diazepam: CCK-8-SE pretreatment displayed a tendency to antagonize it, while CCK
      8-NS pretreatment to potentiate it. The results suggest that multiple treatment
      with CCK-8 induces sensitization of CCK receptors mediating anticonvulsive
      activity.

PMID- 3834412
TI  - The role of arginine vasopressin in alcohol dependence and withdrawal.
AB  - The development and maintenance of tolerance to the physiological and behavioral
      effects of repeated exposure to ethanol can be altered markedly by the presence
      of arginine vasopressin (AVP). In addition, AVP has been implicated in the
      etiology of convulsions, including those induced by exposure to high ambient
      temperatures. In light of these findings, experiments were conducted to determine
      the role, if any, that AVP might play in the pathogenesis of alcohol-withdrawal
      convulsions. Thirty-two male Long Evans (LE) rats and 32 age-matched male
      homozygous Brattleboro (DI) rats (genetically deficient in AVP) were exposed to
      ethanol vapor concentrations adjusted to maintain blood alcohol levels of each
      rat at 150-350 mg/dl. Following at least 5 days of ethanol exposure, the animals
      were withdrawn. From 3-24 hr after cessation of ethanol administration,
      withdrawal severity was assessed by observing the response of each animal to a 60
      120 sec period of auditory stimulation. No significant differences were observed
      in either latency to onset or severity of the convulsions in LE and DI rats upon
      ethanol withdrawal. Thus, alcohol-withdrawal convulsions, unlike hyperthermia
      induced convulsions, may be mediated by a neurochemical substrate other than AVP.

PMID- 3834413
TI  - Identification and primary structural analysis of peptide II, an end-product of
      precursor processing in cells R3-R14 of Aplysia.
AB  - Peptide II, which is encoded on a gene for a precursor protein in abdominal
      ganglion neurons R3-R14, was purified from extracts of abdominal ganglia of
      Aplysia californica. Native peptide II comigrates with synthetic standards on
      HPLC under isocratic conditions. Amino acid sequence and composition analyses
      indicate that the sequence of peptide II is Glu-Ala-Glu-Glu-Pro-Ser-Phe-Met-Thr
      Arg-Leu, as predicted from the precursor. The molluscan cardioexcitatory peptide
      Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide was also identified in abdominal ganglion extracts by
      similar means. The large amount of peptide II recovered (100 ng/ganglion), and
      its location on the precursor between two pairs of basic residues, strongly
      suggest that the precursor is processed into peptide II and at least two other
      peptides. Although cells R3-R11 have been postulated to play a role in
      cardiovascular control, peptide II was without effect at less than or equal to
      10(-4) M concentrations on identified abdominal ganglion neurons, the
      gastroesophageal artery or the heart. The physiological role of peptide II
      therefore remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 3834414
TI  - Vasopressin responses to peripheral and central osmotic pulse stimulation.
AB  - To determine the relative importance of central and peripheral osmoreceptors in
      the osmotically-induced vasopressin secretion, osmosensitive areas of
      pentobarbital-anaesthetized rats were exposed for 5 sec to an osmotic pulse (130
      mumoles NaCl in 200 microliters). The hepatic portal receptors were stimulated by
      superfusion of the portal vein, and the central receptors by infusion into one
      common carotid artery. Portal stimulation was 2.14 +/- 0.25 (mean +/- SEM, 4
      groups of 5 rats) more effective than central osmotic pulse stimulation in
      elevating, within 1 minute, the plasma vasopressin level (measured by RIA). The
      central stimulus was not effective when introduced into the freely perfused
      vessel, although the hypothalamic extracellular NaCl concentration rose
      transiently (6 sec) to 2.6 +/- 0.3 w/v% (mean +/- SEM, n = 6 rats). The results
      show that brief osmotic pulses preferentially stimulate portal osmoreceptors to
      cause the release of vasopressin, and suggest that portal osmoreceptors may be
      involved in the dynamic regulation of plasma osmolality.

PMID- 3834415
TI  - Reverse-phase separation and electrochemical detection of neuropeptides.
AB  - The reverse-phase separation of neuropeptides using isocratic conditions is
      described. Each component of the mobile phase was examined for its ability to
      influence the separation of complex mixtures of neuropeptides. Manipulation of
      buffer strength, pH, organic modifier and column type provided sufficient
      flexibility to resolve closely related neuropeptides. Amperometric detection of
      oxidizable amino acids in the peptide sequence of a number of endogenous
      neuropeptides proved suitable for the identification of peptide standards and
      quantification of neural lobe arginine vasopressin and striatal methionine
      enkephalin.

PMID- 3834416
TI  - The effects of neurotensin, naloxone and haloperidol on elements of excessive
      grooming behavior induced by bombesin.
AB  - The influence of naloxone, haloperidol and neurotensin was investigated on
      bombesin-induced excessive grooming in rats. All three drugs reduced the amount
      of bombesin-induced grooming. Haloperidol induced a general reduction in
      excessive grooming as induced by bombesin, without changing the composition of
      grooming behavior, whereas naloxone and neurotensin suppressed bombesin-induced
      grooming and caused a shift in the distribution of grooming elements. The main
      suppressive effect of these latter drugs appeared to be on the element
      scratching. From these data it is suggested that bombesin-induced scratching is
      mainly displayed by activation of opiate receptor systems, whereas the other
      elements of bombesin-induced excessive grooming are mainly regulated by
      dopaminergic systems.

PMID- 3834417
TI  - Neural disconnection of gut from brain blocks bombesin-induced satiety.
AB  - Systemically administered bombesin reduces food intake in rats, mice, baboons,
      and humans. The mechanism of action is unknown. We report here that presumed
      neural disconnection of the gastrointestinal tract from the brain blocked the
      reduction of food intake by exogenous bombesin at a test meal in rats. We also
      found that bombesin increased the postprandial intermeal interval, and that this
      effect was not blocked by neural disconnection.

PMID- 3834418
TI  - Blood pressure responses of conscious rats to intravenous administration of
      enkephalin derivatives (D-ala2 methionine and leucine enkephalinamide, and
      methionine and leucine enkephalinamide.
AB  - The present study was designed to determine the blood pressure (BP) responses of
      conscious rats given intravenous (IV) injections of enkephalin derivatives (D
      ala2-methionine enkephalinamide, DAMEA; D-ala2-leucine enkephalinamide, DALEA;
      methionine enkephalinamide, MEA; leucine enkephalinamide, LEA) and the receptor
      mechanisms mediating the resultant change in BP. IV injection of 1.6-16.0 nmoles
      of DAMEA or DALEA caused a transient but potent decrease in mean arterial
      pressure (MAP) and mean heart rate (MHR). LEA and MEA (16.0 nmoles) given IV
      produced slight pressor responses, which were not associated with concomitant
      tachycardia whereas 48 nmoles of MEA elicited a hypotensive effect accompanied by
      a fall in MHR. Pretreatment studies whereby various receptor antagonists
      (naloxone, diprenorphine, phentolamine, D-L-propranolol or atropine) were given
      IV 5 min before subsequent IV administration of DAMEA, DALEA, MEA or LEA (16
      nmoles) showed that naloxone, diprenorphine and atropine blocked the depressor
      and bradycardic effects of DALEA and DAMEA. Naloxone and phentolamine suppressed
      the pressor response of both MEA and LEA (16.0 nmoles) while diprenorphine
      blocked the rise in MAP to only MEA. The results show that DAMEA and DALEA
      mediate their depressor actions in conscious rats via a negative chronotropic
      effect through an interaction of muscarinic cholinergic receptors on the
      myocardium. It suggested that the pressor response of MEA and LEA may be produced
      via an alpha-receptor mediated effect on the peripheral vasculature to cause
      vasoconstriction.

PMID- 3834419
TI  - Insulin-like growth factor I/somatomedin-C: a rapid isolation procedure with
      FPLC.
AB  - Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I)/somatomedin-C (SM-C) was purified from
      lyophilized human serum by acid-ethanol extraction. The extract was precipitated
      with acetone-ethanol. The precipitate was purified by Sephadex G-50
      chromatography. The protein peak within a molecular weight range of 5000-10 000
      was further purified with FPLC-reversed phase chromatography using a Pep RPC HR
      5/5 column (Pharmacia) with a solvent system of acetonitrile (CH3CN) and 0.1%
      trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in water. The purification of IGF I was monitored by
      radioimmunoassay for SM-C. Purity was established by analytical isoelectric
      focusing and by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Analytical isoelectric
      focusing showed one single protein band with an apparent pI of 8.3 +/- 0.1. SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed also one single protein band with an
      apparent molecular weight of 7000. Biological activity was demonstrated by
      measuring the (3H)thymidine incorporation into DNA of cultured arterial smooth
      muscle cells.

PMID- 3834421
TI  - Proceedings of the seventh annual meeting of the IUPS (International Union of
      Physiological Sciences) Commission on Gravitational Physiology. 13-18 October
      1985. Niagara Falls, NY, USA.

PMID- 3834420
TI  - A simple, rapid, high yield isolation and purification procedure for
      chloroperoxidase isoenzymes.
AB  - A simple four-step procedure has been developed for isolation of chloroperoxidase
      from the mold Caldariomyces fumago. Polyethyleneglycol precipitation of the
      contaminating pigment in the growth medium, followed by chromatography of the
      soluble enzyme fraction on a QAE-ZetaPrep-250 cartridge and ammonium sulfate
      precipitation affords isolation of the chloroperoxidase. Extensive dialysis and
      chromatography on DE-53 cellulose allows the separation and further purification
      of chloroperoxidase A and B isoenzymes.

PMID- 3834422
TI  - Effect of calmodulin and auxin transport inhibitors on calcium net uptake along
      apical corn roots.

PMID- 3834423
TI  - Red light shifts the locus and rate of gravitropic curvature in etiolated pea
      epicotyls.

PMID- 3834424
TI  - The structure and development of the starch sheath in pea epicotyls.

PMID- 3834425
TI  - An attempt to localize and identify the gravity sensing mechanism of plants.

PMID- 3834426
TI  - Cytochemical localization of calcium in cap cells of primary roots of Zea mays L.

PMID- 3834427
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of calmodulin in pea root caps and plumules and
      its relevance to hypotheses on gravitropism.

PMID- 3834428
TI  - The calcium dependence of auxin action in roots.

PMID- 3834429
TI  - Correlated changes in calmodulin activity and gravitropic sensitivity in roots of
      maize.

PMID- 3834430
TI  - Bone loss during simulated weightlessness: is it glucocorticoid mediated?

PMID- 3834431
TI  - Response of rat hindlimb muscles to 12 hours recovery from tail-cast suspension.

PMID- 3834432
TI  - Possible mechanism for changes in glycogen metabolism in unloaded soleus muscle.

PMID- 3834433
TI  - Changes in skeletal muscle properties following hindlimb suspension.

PMID- 3834434
TI  - Cage-size and gender effects on fatigue in rats.

PMID- 3834435
TI  - Altered carbohydrate metabolism in the whole body suspended rat.

PMID- 3834436
TI  - Oxygen consumption during cold exposure at 2.1 G in rats adapted to hypergravic
      fields.

PMID- 3834437
TI  - Changes in functional metabolism in the rat central nervous system following
      spaceflight.

PMID- 3834438
TI  - Initial experience with a new plethysmograph for zero-G use.

PMID- 3834439
TI  - Cat vestibular nuclear neuron responses to active head rotations.

PMID- 3834440
TI  - Morphological evidence of mechanoreceptive gravity perception in a water flea,
      Daphnia magna.

PMID- 3834441
TI  - Protein concentration elevations in lungs of mice following sudden, transient
      cephalad (+Gz) acceleration.

PMID- 3834442
TI  - Transient dehydration of lungs in tail-suspended rats.

PMID- 3834443
TI  - Influence of exposure to a prolonged hyperdynamic field on body temperature in
      the squirrel monkey.

PMID- 3834445
TI  - Considerations in the design of life sciences research facilities for the Space
      Station.

PMID- 3834444
TI  - Changes in muscle protein composition induced by disuse atrophy: analysis by two
      dimensional electrophoresis.

PMID- 3834446
TI  - Hypokinezia and space flight reflected on rats stomach.

PMID- 3834447
TI  - Vivaria requirements for animal life cycle studies on Space Station.

PMID- 3834448
TI  - Tissue culture apparatus for flight experimentation.

PMID- 3834449
TI  - Circadian variation of volume and concentration of orthostatically shifted fluid.

PMID- 3834450
TI  - Skeletal mass change as a function of gravitational loading.

PMID- 3834451
TI  - Day course of blood and plasma density in relation to other hematological
      parameters.

PMID- 3834452
TI  - Reduction of circadian disruption following surgery by ingestion of caffeine in
      the laboratory rat.

PMID- 3834453
TI  - Microvascular flow adjustments with postural changes in humans.

PMID- 3834454
TI  - Space Station life science research facility--the Vivarium/Laboratory.

PMID- 3834455
TI  - Concepts, strategies and potentials using hypo-G and other features of the space
      environment for commercialization using higher plants.

PMID- 3834456
TI  - Life science research on the Space Station.

PMID- 3834457
TI  - Morphology of human embryonic kidney cells in culture after space flight.

PMID- 3834458
TI  - Exobiology experiments for Space Station.

PMID- 3834459
TI  - Rat maintenance in the Research Animal Holding Facility during the flight of
      Space Lab 3.

PMID- 3834460
TI  - Electron microprobe analyses of Ca, S, Mg and P distribution in incisors of
      Spacelab-3 rats.

PMID- 3834461
TI  - Muscle protein and glycogen responses to recovery from hypogravity and unloading
      by tail-cast suspension.

PMID- 3834462
TI  - Hematologic parameters of astrorats flown on SL-3.

PMID- 3834463
TI  - Microgravity associated changes in pituitary growth hormone (GH) cells prepared
      from rats flown on Space Lab 3.

PMID- 3834464
TI  - Homeostasis and biological rhythms in the rat during spaceflight.

PMID- 3834465
TI  - Early adaptation to altered gravitational environments in the squirrel monkey.

PMID- 3834466
TI  - The effect of a hyperdynamic environment on the development of the rat retina.

PMID- 3834467
TI  - Morphological and biochemical changes in soleus and extensor digitorum longus
      muscles of rats orbited in Spacelab 3.

PMID- 3834468
TI  - Critical impact and acceleration loading to the head.

PMID- 3834469
TI  - Reduction of the spermatogonial population in rat testes flown on Space Lab-3.

PMID- 3834470
TI  - Biochemical and morphological evaluation of the effects of space flight on rat
      salivary glands.

PMID- 3834471
TI  - Otoconial morphology in space-flown rats.

PMID- 3834472
TI  - Morphologic and histochemical studies of bone cells from SL-3 rats.

PMID- 3834474
TI  - Hepatic enzyme adaptation in rats after space flight.

PMID- 3834473
TI  - Hepatic enzymes of sphingolipid and glycerolipid biosynthesis in rats from
      Spacelab 3.

PMID- 3834475
TI  - Bone maturation in rats flown on the Spacelab-3 mission.

PMID- 3834476
TI  - Is space sickness a form of motion sickness?

PMID- 3834477
TI  - Effects of gravity on the fluid balance and distribution in man.

PMID- 3834478
TI  - Fluid and electrolyte control in simulated and actual spaceflight.

PMID- 3834479
TI  - Mechanisms for negative water balance during weightlessness: immersion or bed
      rest?

PMID- 3834480
TI  - Cardiorespiratory responses to lower body negative pressure and tilt tests after
      exposure to simulated weightlessness.

PMID- 3834481
TI  - Investigations of higher plants under weightlessness.

PMID- 3834482
TI  - Gravity sensing in animal cells.

PMID- 3834483
TI  - Comparative analysis of hypo - and hypergravity effects on prenatal development
      of mammals.

PMID- 3834484
TI  - Vertebrate gravity sensors as dynamic systems.

PMID- 3834485
TI  - Chronic acceleration and egg production in domestic fowl.

PMID- 3834486
TI  - Animal models of motion sickness: are nonemetic species an appropriate choice?

PMID- 3834487
TI  - Effects of non weight bearing on callus formation.

PMID- 3834488
TI  - Correlated light and electron microscopy of the vasculature of cortical bone in
      rat femora and tibiae.

PMID- 3834490
TI  - Are there conditions in which adrenalectomy impedes the atrophying effects of
      denervation?

PMID- 3834489
TI  - Effects of gravitational and muscular loading on bone formation in growing rats.

PMID- 3834491
TI  - G-tolerance and muscle strength training.

PMID- 3834492
TI  - Modification of the resting oxygen consumption level of biological body and its
      tissues, during prolonged hypodynamics exposure.

PMID- 3834493
TI  - Early mammalian development under conditions of reorientation relative to the
      gravity vector.

PMID- 3834494
TI  - Growth and differentiation of mammalian embryonic tissues exposed to hypergravity
      in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 3834495
TI  - Simulated hypogravity and synaptogenesis in culture.

PMID- 3834496
TI  - Early postnatal development of rats gestated during flight of Cosmos 1514.

PMID- 3834497
TI  - Growth and development of mice and rats conceived and reared at different G
      intensities during chronic centrifugation.

PMID- 3834498
TI  - A marsupial model for the investigation of gravitational effects on early
      development.

PMID- 3834499
TI  - Morphogenesis and calcification of the statoconia in the chick (Gallus
      domesticus) embryo: implications for future studies.

PMID- 3834500
TI  - Fertilization, development and spicule formation in sea urchins under conditions
      of constant reorientation relative to the gravitation axis.

PMID- 3834501
TI  - Spaceflight and calcium metabolism.

PMID- 3834502
TI  - Response of amphibian egg non-yolk cytoplasm to gravity orientation.

PMID- 3834503
TI  - Amphibian fertilization and development in microgravity.

PMID- 3834504
TI  - Evidences for changes in sensitivity to auxin and in cell-wall properties during
      gravitropic bending of dicot stems.

PMID- 3834505
TI  - Effects of simulated gravity nullification on shoot-inversion release of apical
      dominance in Pharbitis nil.

PMID- 3834506
TI  - Gravistimulation-induced changes in current patterns around root caps.

PMID- 3834507
TI  - [Transcriptional regulation of adenovirus E4 gene].

PMID- 3834508
TI  - [Involvement of the 5' end region in the tissue-specific regulation of a chicken
      delta-crystallin gene].

PMID- 3834509
TI  - [Studies on DNA sequence that mediates induction of human interferon-beta gene
      expression].

PMID- 3834510
TI  - [Mechanism of expression of the vitellogenin gene].

PMID- 3834511
TI  - [Casein gene].

PMID- 3834512
TI  - [Expression of the delta-crystallin genes during the process of
      transdifferentiation].

PMID- 3834513
TI  - Percutaneous needle aspiration lung biopsy.
AB  - A presentation of over ten years' experience with percutaneous needle aspiration
      biopsy in about 200 patients is provided with special emphasis given to the
      technique and to the discussion of indications and contraindications as well as
      to common problems.

PMID- 3834514
TI  - Percutaneous lithotripsy of renal calculi.
AB  - Percutaneous nephrostomy and stone removal was performed 240 times in 84 patients
      during a five-year period. Surgery was necessary in only two cases; hemorrhage
      requiring blood transfusion occurred in four. Perforation of the renal pelvis in
      five patients healed without sequelae. Final control of the nephrostomy was
      achieved in almost all cases. Indications and technical points regarding
      percutaneous lithotripsy are discussed.

PMID- 3834515
TI  - MRI results from investigation of head and neck tumors.
AB  - A comparative study between MRI and CT was done with particular reference to the
      head and neck regions. Compared with CT, MRI offered better tissue contrast,
      vascular visualization without the need for iodinated contrast media, direct
      coronal scanning, and a special surface coil for high spatial resolution. MRI is
      a promising modality for this region despite its difficulty in visualizing bone
      and its slightly poorer spatial resolution.

PMID- 3834516
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal pituitary gland and pituitary adenoma:
      preliminary experience with a resistive magnet.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in fifty normal pituitary glands,
      ten pituitary microadenomas, and twelve adenomas with extrasellar extension using
      a 0.15 Tesla resistive magnet. The average height of normal glands was 5.6 +/-
      1.2 mm, whereas that of microadenomas was 6.8 +/- 1.0 mm. The superior surface
      and internal texture of these conditions were well delineated. Adenomas that
      showed extrasellar extension together with surrounding structures were well
      demonstrated on sagittal and coronal scans. It can be expected that with further
      technical developments MR imaging will play an important role in the clinical
      management of pituitary adenomas.

PMID- 3834517
TI  - Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas: report of a Japanese autopsy case.
AB  - Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas is considered to be rare in the Japanese
      population. Forty-five cases from the Japanese literature (1951-1983) are
      reviewed and one autopsy case added. The patient was a 17-year-old Japanese male
      with recurrent episodes of pulmonary infection. His sweat test was positive
      (sodium 332 mg/l, chloride 316 mg/l). No particular hereditary trait was
      identified. Autopsy findings showed cystic dilatation of pancreatic ducts and
      ductules with mucous hypersecretion. Acini of the pancreas were replaced by
      fibrosis, while islands of Langerhans remained. These findings were compatible
      with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas (mucoviscidosis). The lungs showed chronic
      hypertrophic bronchitis and acute obliterating bronchiolitis. Cystic dilatation
      and hypersecretion were seen in the esophageal glands, Brenner's glands, and
      enteric glands. Goblet-cell hyperplasia was seen in the enteric glands. Central
      fatty metamorphosis and focal bile duct proliferation were seen in the liver. No
      obvious intralobular cholestasis was present. The epithelium of the gall bladder
      was highly columnar.

PMID- 3834518
TI  - Sacrococcygeal chordoma: CT appearance after radiotherapy.
AB  - This report presents the CT findings after radiotherapy in a case of
      sacrococcygeal chordoma. Observation over a long period following radiotherapy
      was necessary for this sacrococcygeal chordoma patient because of the slow
      regression of the tumor. CT was a highly effective tool in observing changes in
      the tumor.

PMID- 3834519
TI  - DNA measurements and micronuclei in human rectal carcinoma.
AB  - It has been recognized that the variability among individual human tumors is
      tremendous. We investigated DNA content and cell proliferation in 81 patients
      with rectal carcinoma by cytophotometric methods. Among them, 32 patients showed
      only diploid cells and 41 patients hyperploid cells, and the former had better
      prognoses than the latter. The percentage of S cells calculated from the DNA
      histograms and the number of cells with micronuclei were higher in proliferative
      tumors. Clinically, probably due to repopulation in the tumor 10 to 15 days after
      preoperative radiotherapy, the number of S cells increased and local recurrence
      was found several months after surgical resection in more than a few cases. These
      data suggest that the biological variability of human tumors is extraordinary and
      individualization of tumor therapy is greatly indicated. Furthermore, the above
      parameters may help to obtain indicators for the prognosis and thereby improve
      therapy.

PMID- 3834520
TI  - Clinical results with fast neutrons (DT, 14 MeV).
AB  - In Hamburg, the therapy with DT-neutrons had the best curative effect on highly
      differentiated tumors. With the standard dose of 15.6 Gy in four weeks with fast
      neutrons only or--in treating tumors in radiosensitive organs such as brain and
      intestine--with a photon-neutron schedule, we have seen no necroses in normal
      tissues. The rate of medium or slight subcutaneous fibroses has been no more than
      10%. The local effect on tumors in our pilot study has been better than with
      megavoltage therapy in invasive thyroid cancer, prostate cancer stage C, soft
      tissue sarcoma, and rectal carcinoma. The best results have been achieved with
      neutrons only, but a photon-neutron schedule may be more effective as megavoltage
      therapy only. With our DT-neutrons we find some indications for better results
      than with megavoltage therapy if we use sophisticated treatment planning and if
      we strictly observe the tolerance dose of the different tissues and organs. The
      therapeutic index of our DT-neutrons is higher than with cyclotron-produced
      neutrons.

PMID- 3834521
TI  - Fluoroscopy guided transperineal percutaneous permanent 125iodine implantation of
      prostate cancer.
AB  - The transperineal percutaneous template permanent iodine interstitial
      brachytherapy under "C-arm" fluoroscopic guidance is a simple, easily-learned,
      accurate and rapid procedure which can be performed without subjecting the
      patient to celiotomy. We have treated 58 patients by the transperineal
      percutaneous permanent interstitial brachytherapy. The use of transperineal
      percutaneous technique with C-arm fluoroscopic guidance improves the symmetry and
      dosimetry of the implant. This results in reduction of the incidence of chronic
      radiation-induced complications. In the group of 22 patients who underwent
      brachytherapy without celiotomy and lymphadenectomy and without adjuvant external
      beam radiotherapy, there were no major complications.

PMID- 3834522
TI  - [Automated autoradiographic grain counting of DNA repair in cultured human
      fibroblasts after ultraviolet irradiation].
AB  - Measurement of autoradiographic grains produced by the decay of incorporated
      radioisotopes is often used for a quantitative assay of the rate of DNA
      replication and DNA repair in cells or tissues. However, visual grain counting by
      microscopic observation is time-consuming and tedious process. Recently, Kraemer
      et al. reported that automated measurement of grains in cultured human cells may
      be facilitated by using appropriate grain counting instruments. Under their
      experimental conditions using Kodak NTB-3 emulsion, instrument-determined grain
      number per nucleus was proportional to visual counts up to 30 grains, and then
      leveled off at much larger visual counts. The saturation phenomenon was due to
      counting-loss by the instrument caused by overlapping of neighboring grains. To
      prevent the counting-loss, we have used in the present study Japanese Sakura NR
      M2 emulsion which is less sensitive to radiation exposure than Kodak NTB-3,
      thereby yielding smaller size of grains per radioactive decay. Samples were
      prepared from cultured skin fibroblasts derived from normal individuals and
      xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients defective in DNA repair. These cells were
      irradiated with 254 nm UV incubated for 3 h with culture medium containing 3H
      thymidine, and autoradiograms were made by dipping in Sakura NR-M2 emulsion. The
      number of grains as well as grain surface area per nucleus was measured by using
      ARTEK CYTO TALLY MODEL 900 counting instrument, and compared with visual counts.
      The results showed that, under our optimum condition, the instrument-determined
      number of grains was directly proportional to visual counts, at least up to 150
      grains per nucleus, with a correlation coefficient of 0.971.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3834523
TI  - Metabolism of ipriflavone (TC-80) in rats.
AB  - Metabolic studies of ipriflavone (TC-80) in rats by gas-liquid chromatography
      mass spectrometry led to the characterization of the following metabolites: the
      parent compound, 7-hydroxy-3-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 7-hydroxy-3-(4
      hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-isopropoxy-4H-1
      benzopyran-4-one, 2-(3-phenyl-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-7-yl)oxypropionic acid, 2-[3
      (4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-7-yl]oxypropionic acid and 2-[3-(3
      hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-7-yl]oxypropionic acid. From the metabolites
      identified, TC-80 was shown to be metabolized primarily by oxidation. In vitro
      study using tissue slices of rats indicated that the above metabolic changes
      occurred exclusively in the liver. It was also demonstrated that the compound did
      not undergo metabolic conversion by gut flora of rats.

PMID- 3834524
TI  - Disposition of ipriflavone (TC-80) in rats and dogs.
AB  - Oral 14C-ipriflavone was absorbed by rats to give a maximum plasma 14C level at
      1.5 h and a half-life of 5.8 h. In dogs, after po dosing, the plasma 14C peaked
      at 0.5 h, followed by gradual decline. The plasma of both animals contained
      mostly metabolites, with small amounts of unchanged ipriflavone. In rats, 14C was
      distributed widely in tissues, with relatively high concns. in the liver, kidney
      and gut. Distribution in rat thigh bone of unmetabolized ipriflavone was also
      demonstrated. 14C-Ipriflavone was eliminated mostly as metabolites within 48 and
      72 h, respectively, in rats and dogs. Rats excreted more 14C in urine than in
      feces, whereas the reverse was noted in dogs. Biliary excretion and reabsorption
      of 14C were also obvious in both animals.

PMID- 3834525
TI  - [The determination of 226Ra in environmental samples with zinc sulfide powder].

PMID- 3834526
TI  - [Fundamental studies of a squamous cell carcinoma radioimmunoassay kit].

PMID- 3834527
TI  - [Evaluation of magnetic FT4 kit for the measurement of serum free thyroxine
      concentration].

PMID- 3834528
TI  - [Chemical analyses by means of nuclear and radiation methods--applications to
      biology, medicine, pharmaceutical sciences, agriculture, science and engineering-
      . 2. Particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis].

PMID- 3834529
TI  - [Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758): bioindicator of marine radioactive pollution].

PMID- 3834530
TI  - [Seasonal variation of the secretory activity of male genital accessory glands of
      the armadillo Dasypus novemcintus Linnaeus, 1758].

PMID- 3834531
TI  - The influence of aldosterone on the phytohemagglutinin-induced human lymphocyte
      blastogenesis.

PMID- 3834532
TI  - [An aberrant axillary breast].

PMID- 3834533
TI  - [The in vitro fertilization program of the Military Hospital].

PMID- 3834534
TI  - [Cancer of the uterine cervix: stage 0 and severe dysplasia].

PMID- 3834535
TI  - [In vitro progesterone and estradiol production by human corpus luteum].

PMID- 3834536
TI  - [Cyto-colpo-histological correlation in patients with cervical cytological smears
      manifesting infection caused by condyloma virus].

PMID- 3834537
TI  - [Ultrastructural observations on the spermatozoa of an asthenospermic patient].

PMID- 3834538
TI  - [Microsurgical tubal anastomosis].

PMID- 3834539
TI  - [Infected pseudarthroses. How to control on both fronts?].

PMID- 3834540
TI  - [Amputation below the fracture site in pseudarthrosis complicated by infection or
      vascular lesion].
AB  - In cases of fractures of the shaft of a bone complicated by non-union, infection
      and vascular and/or neurological lesions, amputation may be the ultimate possible
      treatment. In some cases, an amputation at the level of the fracture site would
      produce too short a stump for a normal prosthesis. The authors consider that, in
      this type of lesion, it may be wise to preserve some of the distal portion of the
      bone below the site of the fracture, even in cases of infected non-union. They
      performed this technique in seven cases, the distal fragment of the bone being
      covered by an osteomyoplasty, infection being treated by antibiotics. Early
      rehabilitation was started with immediate weight-bearing in the prosthesis. In
      all cases, union was obtained secondarily and in five cases infection healed as
      well. Two still had an intermittent sinus. The authors consider that the infected
      non-unions healed because of suppression of the weight of the limb. The technique
      allowed better rehabilitation because of the presence of a sufficiently long
      stump.

PMID- 3834541
TI  - [Development of the gravity vector in normal walking. Muscular and kinetic
      correlations].
AB  - The vertical vector P which represents the body weight in a standing subject
      undergoes variations in the course of walking which merits study. This is the
      subject of this article. It is based on the numerical findings derived from work
      published on walking and is concerned with its displacement, the ground contact
      forces, muscular activity and expenditure of energy. A study using pressure
      transducers makes it possible to trace the progressive area of the gravity vector
      in the horizontal plane in the course of walking. At the same time, the
      progressive position of the centre of gravity in space can be registered and
      timed. The resulting trace is analogous to that obtained by a study of plantar
      pressures. The gravity vector is displaced in the course of walking like the
      clapper of a clock, suspended at the centre of gravity and passing successively
      in diagonal form in the four sectors of the horizontal plane defined by the axis
      of the walking and the frontal plane. In this displacement, its value varies
      steadily and cyclically. The trunk muscles, whose contraction has been studied
      clinically and by electromyography at the time of the different phases of walking
      are exactly those which can provide the mechanical compensation necessary for the
      displacement of the body weight vector. As to the time factor, it seems to show
      that, for a given subject, there exists, in relation to his weight and the height
      of the centre of gravity a speed of walking that corresponds to the minimum
      expenditure of energy.

PMID- 3834542
TI  - [Surgical treatment of scoliosis of 100 degrees and greater in children and
      adolescents (neurological and myopathic scoliosis excluded). Apropos of a series
      of 66 cases].
AB  - In a retrospective study the authors had compared the results obtained in two
      series of identical scoliosis. All were examined after a two year minimal follow
      up. Group A. There were 31 children operated on between 1966 and 1972. The
      average initial curve measured 111 degrees, and the average follow-up was eight
      years. In this group there was no preoperative preparation, and a Harrington rod
      was accompanied by cancellous grafting. The average correction was 34 degrees.
      Four paraplegias were seen, three of which recovered. Group B. There were 45
      children operated on between 1973 and 1980. The average initial curve was 170
      degrees and the average follow-up was 4.5 years. In this group, there was pre
      operative use of a Halo cast routinely. In 14 children, Harrington rodding was
      supplemented by anterior fusion to correct associated kyphosis. The posterior
      Harrington rodding was completed by tibial grafting. The average correction was
      47 degrees, without any neurological complications. It was noted that after one
      year, pulmonary function was not impaired to a greater extent after an anterior
      fusion than after a purely posterior fusion. Two-thirds of the cases gained
      considerable cosmetic benefit.

PMID- 3834543
TI  - [Failure of Dwyer's procedure in internal pes cavus in children.
      Physiopathological considerations and therapeutic deductions].
AB  - The authors have performed 34 Dwyer's calcaneal osteotomies in children with pes
      cavus confined to the medial arch in non-paralytic lesions (poliomyelitis and
      spina bifida were excluded). In 12 cases it was associated with osteotomy of the
      1st metatarsal or with plantar release. No arthrodeses were performed in these 34
      cases. After an average follow-up of five years the results were doubtful: in 24
      instances the deformity was the same or worse. In 21 cases a secondary operation
      was necessary. The authors considered that the Dwyer's procedure corrects only
      the varus of the heel which is a secondary deformity. They believe that, in pes
      cavus, there is a dynamic clawing of the toes in the swing phase of gait. This
      produces secondary deformities. In the sagittal plane there is a synergic or
      paralytic imbalance at the metatarso-phalangeal level leading to vertical
      displacement of the 1st metatarsal and deepening of the medial arch. In the
      frontal plane, this vertical displacement leads to an irreducible pronation of
      the forefoot with secondary varus of the heel. In the horizontal plane a lateral
      rotation of the talus results in varus of the calcaneum.

PMID- 3834544
TI  - [Traumatic hip dislocations and acetabular fractures in children].
AB  - This paper concerns 39 children, 15 with dislocation of the hip, 8 with
      acetabular fracture and 16 in which both lesions occurred together. The three
      types of lesion each had a different outcome. The results were good in 86 p. 100
      of the isolated dislocations treated conservatively. They were good in 75 p. 100
      of acetabular fractures, only one of which was operated on. The results were good
      in 50 p. 100 of cases with both lesions. Five cases were operated on to restore a
      congruent and adequate acetabulum. The overall rate of complications was 20 p.
      100 and were mainly post-traumatic degenerative arthritis (2 cases), destruction
      of the triradiate cartilage (1 case), necrosis of the femoral head (2 cases due
      to separation of the femoral epiphysis). Seventy per cent of the patients finally
      had a satisfactory result. However, the risks of development of a late
      degenerative arthritis are high. These children should be followed up for a long
      period of time.

PMID- 3834545
TI  - [Recent injuries of finger flexor tendons in children].
AB  - Fifty children had been treated for recent injuries to the flexor tendons. In
      them, 98 lesions, of which half were at the palm or the wrist and the other half
      in areas I or II of the fingers. All the divided tendons were primarily repaired,
      using a combination of a frame suture and two casting sutures. The results seemed
      to be better when post-operative mobilisation using Kleinert's technique was
      used. The overall results were better than those obtained in adults. The
      indications for secondary tenolysis were infrequent when primary suture was
      correctly made and spontaneous improvement was noted for up to a year.

PMID- 3834546
TI  - [Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica: an unusual case].
AB  - The authors have observed an eleven-year-old boy with an unusual example of
      dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica. Initially there was an intra-articular
      cartilaginous loose body in the knee. A discrepancy in limb length was noted,
      which corrected spontaneously. After an eight year follow-up, knee destruction
      was severe despite surgical treatment on three occasions. A tibio-tarsal
      arthrodesis was also performed.

PMID- 3834547
TI  - [Lengthening osteotomy of the femoral neck with transposition of the greater
      trochanter in acquired coxa vara].
AB  - The main problem in acquired coxa vara is related to shortening of the femoral
      neck and upward displacement of the greater trochanter. Using the Wagner
      technique, the authors have performed an intertrochanteric osteotomy in five
      adolescents with transfer of the greater trochanter to lengthen the femoral neck.
      The technique is described. The early results are encouraging.

PMID- 3834548
TI  - [Ceramics in otology].

PMID- 3834549
TI  - [Our experience with ossicular prostheses of Ceravital].

PMID- 3834550
TI  - [Total or partial reconstruction of the external auditory canal with Ceravital].

PMID- 3834551
TI  - Tympanoplasty with bio-inert and bio-active ceramics.

PMID- 3834552
TI  - [Use of fibroblast culture in the study of the interface between bone and
      ceramic].

PMID- 3834553
TI  - [Heterografts of calf jugular vein. History and technic].

PMID- 3834554
TI  - [Anatomic and functional surgical reconstruction of the middle ear].

PMID- 3834555
TI  - [Limitation of auditory evoked potentials for the diagnosis of deafness in
      children].

PMID- 3834556
TI  - [Launois-Bensaude disease. Apropos of 3 cases].

PMID- 3834557
TI  - [Tuboplasty using an autograft and the transmastoid approach. Preliminary note].

PMID- 3834558
TI  - [Current knowledge and future perspectives on almitrine dimesylate (Vectarion).
      8th International Pneumo-Allergology Seminar in Montpellier (21-24 May 1985)].

PMID- 3834559
TI  - [Nocturnal hypoxemia of chronic obstructive bronchopathies and almitrine
      dimesylate].

PMID- 3834560
TI  - [Future prospects concerning the clinical application and clinical pharmacology
      of almitrine dimesylate].

PMID- 3834561
TI  - [Abstracts of papers presented at the 6th Congress of Internal Medicine. 24-26
      October, 1984, Santiago, Chile].

PMID- 3834562
TI  - [Intestinal Campylobacter jejuni infection in Chilean infants].

PMID- 3834563
TI  - [Antral, pyloric and intestinal motility in regular and irregular cycles in dogs
      during fasting].

PMID- 3834564
TI  - [Manometric endoscopic study and gastric acid levels in patients with Roux en Y
      choledochojejunostomy].

PMID- 3834565
TI  - [Factors of immediate prognostic value in hospitalized patients with hepatic
      cirrhosis].

PMID- 3834566
TI  - [Emotional factors in the incidence of accidents].

PMID- 3834568
TI  - [Medicine and quality of life: memoirs of a hygienist].

PMID- 3834567
TI  - [Ethics in present medical practice].

PMID- 3834569
TI  - [Can we make an opportune diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma?].

PMID- 3834571
TI  - [Psychiatry today. Current trends and perspectives in the treatment of mental
      diseases].

PMID- 3834570
TI  - [Diagnostic problems in bronchogenic cancer].

PMID- 3834572
TI  - [The satellite lymph node of surgically-treated epidermoid bronchial cancer.
      Evaluation and meaning. Apropos of 167 cases].
AB  - This study is based on the analysis of the radiological and histological features
      of the lymph nodes in 167 operated cases of bronchial carcinoma. The conventional
      evaluation by means of radiography demonstrates the difficulty of accurately
      diagnosing lymph node involvement; these investigations are simply able to reveal
      the presence or absence of enlarged lymph nodes without being able to distinguish
      between neoplastic and purely inflammatory lymphadenopathy. Histological
      examination demonstrates the presence of hilar and mediastinal node involvement:
      the first does not influence the survival in contrast with the second which seems
      to reflect an intense immune response.

PMID- 3834573
TI  - [Surgical pulmonary biopsy in diffuse interstitial pneumopathies].
AB  - On the basis of 81 cases of surgical lung biopsy performed in the course of
      diffuse interstitial lung disease, the authors report the yield and the tolerance
      which they observed with this technique in comparison with data from the
      literature. Like other authors, they obtained an excellent histological yield, as
      only one case was uninterpretable in this present series. However, they emphasise
      the "final yield", which consists of a precise aetiological diagnosis, i.e. the
      exclusion of the diagnosis of diffuse interstitial fibrosis. The analysis of the
      tolerance of the procedure revealed a higher morbidity and mortality than those
      generally reported in the literature.

PMID- 3834574
TI  - [Unilateral atresia of the left pulmonary veins: preoperative angiographic
      diagnosis in an adult].
AB  - The authors report an unusual case of unilateral obstruction of the pulmonary
      veins in an adult and discuss the elements of the pre-operative diagnosis. They
      recall the pathophysiological and therapeutic consequences of this disease.

PMID- 3834575
TI  - [The scimitar sign: a pulmonary vein or systemic artery? Apropos of a case of
      pure vascular sequestration].
AB  - The scimitar sign, characterised by a vertical opacity crossing the medial part
      of the right diaphragm, is generally attributed to abnormal pulmonary venous
      return draining into the inferior vena cava. This is not the only situation in
      which the scimitar sign is observed, which can also be seen in association with
      systemic anomalies, in particular sequestration. The authors report the case of a
      young adult in whom the chest x-ray presented the scimitar sign from childhood.
      This image was related to a pure pulmonary vessel sequestration by a right sub
      phrenic artery. The authors stress the possibility of a purely arterial origin
      for the scimitar sign in the absence of any abnormality of pulmonary venous
      return.

PMID- 3834576
TI  - [Labrea hepatitis. Review study of hepatic viscerotomies from 1934 to 1940].

PMID- 3834577
TI  - [Tetanus antitoxin levels in migrants in transit through Sao Paulo, Brazil].

PMID- 3834578
TI  - Viscerocutaneous form of loxoscelism and erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate
      deficiency.

PMID- 3834579
TI  - Selective C3 deficiency due to C3 nephritic factor in an apparently healthy girl.
AB  - Routine laboratory investigations performed on the serum of an 8-year-old girl
      examined because of a moderate degree of iron-deficiency anemia showed a markedly
      reduced C3 level. More detailed complement studies revealed a selective C3
      deficiency, as indicated by the almost undetectable C3 concentration tested by
      both hemolytic and immunochemical assays and by the normal or slightly reduced
      levels of all the other complement components. The hemolytic activity of the
      serum was restored by the addition of partially purified C3 component. The
      isolated C3 deficiency could be attributed to the presence of a C3-cleaving
      activity in the serum of the propositus. This activity was identified as C3
      nephritic factor (C3NeF) since it was heat-stable, was absorbed by Cowan I strain
      of Staphylococcus aureus and was-eluted in the IgG fraction after DEAE
      chromatography of the serum. The levels of H and I factors of the alternative
      pathway in the serum of the propositus and of C3 in the serum samples of her
      parents and two siblings were found to be within the normal range. The previous
      clinical history of the girl and the follow-up for a period of approximately 5
      years showed that she was apparently healthy and did not reveal clinical and/or
      laboratory evidence of glomerulonephritis, lipodystrophy or repeated bacterial
      infections usually associated with the presence of C3NeF in the serum.

PMID- 3834580
TI  - Circadian rhythms of adenosine deaminase activity in human erythrocytes: a
      transverse study on young, elderly and senile demented subjects.
AB  - Adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) was determined around the clock in human
      plasma from different groups of subjects: presumably clinically healthy women in
      Minneapolis, USA; healthy medical students, healthy elderly men and women, and
      mentally ill patients in Paris, France. In addition to analyses of variance,
      circadian characteristics were estimated individually and summarized by
      population-mean cosinor for each group. Technical and sampling considerations are
      documented: the individualized assessment of a circadian rhythm in adenosine
      deaminase is feasible in 8 out of 11 series from clinically healthy women
      covering 24h at 20-min intervals. A circadian population rhythm could be
      determined for the elderly men and women (p less than 0.05) and tentatively (p =
      0.053) for the senile demented patients. A difference in circadian group rhythm
      characteristics found between the healthy elderly subjects and patients with
      senile dementia deserves further exploration.

PMID- 3834581
TI  - Philosophy of blind slide reading in toxicologic pathology.

PMID- 3834582
TI  - Comparative effects of carcinogens on the induction of placental glutathione S
      transferase-positive liver nodules in a short-term assay and of hepatocellular
      carcinomas in a long-term assay.
AB  - The dose-dependent effects of three hepatocarcinogens were investigated by
      measuring the number and area of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)
      positive foci and nodules appearing in the liver under short-term conditions
      (Experiment I) and evaluating the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma after
      long-term chronic administration (Experiment II). For these purposes, three
      different doses of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), 3'-methyl-4-dimethy
      laminoazobenzene (3'-Me-DAB), and DL-ethionine (ethionine) were given to male
      F344 rats for 6 weeks after a single injection of diethylnitrosamine (DENA) in
      Experiment I or for 104 weeks without initiation by DENA in Experiment II. In
      Experiment I, the induction of GST-P-positive foci and nodules by 2-AAF and 3'-Me
      DAB was clearly dose-dependent. In contrast, ethionine showed enhancing effects
      inducing GST-P-positive foci and nodules only in groups given the highest dose
      level. Similarly, in Experiment II, induction of hepatocellular carcinomas by 2
      AAF and 3'-Me-DAB was clearly dose-dependent, whereas liver neoplasms were only
      induced by the highest dose level of ethionine. These results indicate that
      degree of induction of GST-P positive foci and nodules in a short-term in vivo
      test for liver carcinogens corresponds with the incidences of hepatocellular
      carcinomas revealed in a long-term in vivo assay.

PMID- 3834583
TI  - Regression of pathologic changes induced by the long-term administration of
      contraceptive steroids to rodents.
AB  - The induction of pathologic changes with hormone steroids has been studied in
      rodents, although comprehensive studies are lacking on the potential
      reversibility of these lesions. For these purposes, groups of rats were treated
      with quingestanol acetate and quinestrol, a progestogen-estrogen combination, for
      50 weeks and observed for a subsequent 30-week period. Treatment resulted in a
      significant body weight gain suppression and reduction of food consumption which
      recovered after withdrawal. Other significant treatment-related effects were hair
      loss, ataxia due to pituitary enlargement, mammary chain masses with histologic
      adenocarcinoma, lens opacities, ovarian atrophy with follicular arrest, and
      uterine atrophic changes with suppurative inflammation throughout 50 weeks.
      Cessation of treatment did not effect hair loss or lens opacities, while mammary
      chain masses decreased in size and in incidence; mammary gland tumors showed
      regressive changes including the disappearance of adenocarcinoma, and the
      incidence of ataxia diminished together with reduced pituitary weights.
      Chromophobe cell hyperplasia with decreased eosinophils and acidophils and
      hemorrhage into the pituitary was observed up to 50 weeks and the tinctorial
      affinity of basophils and acidophils returned after withdrawal. Ovaries and
      uteri, which become atrophic and sustained chronic suppurative inflammation in
      the treatment phase, showed reduction of inflammatory reaction and disappearance
      of suppuration after withdrawal, and endometrial regeneration occurred with
      luteal cells seen in the ovaries. These results revealed the regressive
      characteristics of some of the mammary gland carcinomas as well as steroid
      induced endocrine and pathologic lesions other than tegumentary and ocular
      changes in rats receiving high levels of steroids for prolonged periods of time.

PMID- 3834584
TI  - The pathologic response of the liver and thyroid of the rat to potassium
      prorenoate (SC-23992).
AB  - A 3-month dose range finding study in preparation for a 2-yr carcinogenicity
      study of potassium prorenoate (SC-23992), a steroid with an antihypertensive
      profile, is reported. The drug was administered by gavage once daily at doses of
      10, 30, and 100 mg/kg/day to Charles River CD rats. Treatment was terminated at
      13 weeks and 10 randomly selected animals from each treatment group were killed
      and necropsied. The remaining 10 animals in each dose group, including controls,
      were maintained for an additional 4 weeks, in order to investigate reversibility
      of changes, and then were killed and necropsied. Dose-related increases in
      thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were observed in treated animals of both
      sexes during the dosing period and the changes were statistically significant and
      correlated with an increased thyroid weight in females at 13 weeks. Dose-related
      morphologic changes in the thyroid, observed by light and electron microscopy,
      were compatible with the effects of TSH stimulation. Liver weights, which
      increased, were dose-related. In females the increase was statistically
      significant at the high dose at 2, 4, and 13 weeks. In males it was significant
      at the high dose at 13 weeks. Microsomal enzyme levels were increased in a time-
      and dose-related manner with higher values in females than in males. The pattern
      of enzyme induction was of the type exemplified by pregnenolone- 16-alpha
      carbonitrile. Morphologic changes in the liver showed centrilobular hepatocyte
      enlargement with smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane proliferation confirmed by
      electron microscopy. All positive findings returned to normal after the 4-week
      treatment-free period. The relationship between the thyroid stimulation to liver
      enzyme induction is of interest. Evidence is presented here that in the presence
      of SC-23992, TSH stimulation and liver enzyme induction occurred. The possibility
      that the liver metabolism stimulates the thyroid T3, T4 elimination with
      secondary TSH activity is a possible explanation, but on the basis of existing
      information, direct action by SC-23992 on the thyroid cannot be excluded.

PMID- 3834585
TI  - Generalized phospholipidosis induced by an amphiphilic cationic psychotropic
      drug.
AB  - Numerous amphiphilic cationic drugs cause generalized phospholipidosis in
      animals; one of these drugs is the Sandoz compound 200-125, a psychotropic agent.
      During a 6-month toxicity study in Charles River CD rats, a dramatic increase in
      foamy macrophages was seen in the lungs. A follow-up experiment was done to study
      the pathologic basis of these changes including a reversibility phase.
      Generalized phospholipidosis was induced after 4 weeks of 500 mg/kg/day of 200
      125 by gavage. Characteristic pulmonary lesions consisted of extensive
      accumulations of large pale foamy macrophages as well as granular eosinophilic
      extracellular material. Lipid analyses of lungs showed marked increases in
      phospholipids (144%) and cholesterol esters (110%) in rats treated with 200-125.
      Drug metabolism studies employing 14C-labeled 200-125 showed an affinity for the
      drug to concentrate in the lungs and lymphoreticular system (spleen, lymph nodes)
      as well as in the adrenals, liver, and kidney. Reversibility of the
      phospholipidosis was nearly complete 4 weeks after drug withdrawal. The tissue
      changes were characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The
      potential pulmonary toxicity in humans with the amphiphiles is discussed.

PMID- 3834586
TI  - Intraspinal connections of dorsal column postsynaptic neurons in the cat--a
      physiological analysis.
AB  - Dorsal column postsynaptic (DCPS) neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
      have been identified by antidromic stimulation and intracellularly recorded in
      anesthetized cats. In about one-half of the cells, the antidromic stimulus evokes
      only an antidromic potential. This potential sometimes has an atypical shape due
      to penetration-induced depolarization. Atypical potentials are converted into
      typical antidromic spike potentials after intracellular injection of
      hyperpolarizing current. In the other one-half, the antidromic potentials are
      followed by postsynaptic activity. Intracellular analysis indicates that this
      postsynaptic activity is generated largely by activation of the intraspinal
      collaterals of A-beta primary afferents that are ascending the dorsal columns.
      Part of this postsynaptic activity has been produced monosynaptically.
      Polysnaptic responses are also evident; these are thought to be initiated by A
      beta axons, desending axons from neurons in the dorsal column nuclei, or the
      local collaterals of the DCPS axons themselves. The results indicate that the
      DCPS system is nonlemniscal in nature and may be involved in those pain
      modulation systems that are activated by A-beta afferents.

PMID- 3834587
TI  - Long-term experience with piroxicam in osteoarthritis.
AB  - The long-term efficacy and safety of piroxicam 20 mg once daily in the treatment
      of osteoarthritis was evaluated in 30 patients--eight for three to five years,
      seven for six years, and 15 for more than seven years--for a total mean duration
      of six years. More than 93 percent (28/30) reported feeling well at the last
      visit, while 12 said they were either asymptomatic or had only mild symptoms.
      Total joint pain scores, total joint swelling and specific functional activity
      levels improved and remained improved throughout the study period. Side effects
      were relatively frequent but mostly in the mild to moderate class (159/166) and
      these were mostly gastrointestinal. Patients preferred remaining on the drug for
      a mean of six years rather than changing to alternative therapies made available
      to them.

PMID- 3834588
TI  - [Responses of the nucleus centrum medianum of the thalamus to stimulation of deep
      somatic nerves in cats].

PMID- 3834589
TI  - [Effect of locus coeruleus stimulation on unit discharge of the hypothalamic
      arcuate nucleus in rats].

PMID- 3834590
TI  - [Effects of stimulation of the rabbit caudate nucleus on units responsive to
      noxious stimuli in the parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus].

PMID- 3834591
TI  - [Analysis of the depressant effect of diazepam on the amplitude of phrenic nerve
      discharge in rabbits].

PMID- 3834592
TI  - [Analysis of efferent discharges of the linguo-salivatory reflex in cats].

PMID- 3834593
TI  - [A binding characteristic of neurotoxins from Bungarus fasciatus venom to the
      acetylcholine receptor].

PMID- 3834594
TI  - [Effects of morphine and naloxone on the motility of the gall bladder muscle
      strip of the guinea pig].

PMID- 3834595
TI  - [Effects of soman and morphine on the phrenic and external intercostal nerve
      discharges of the cat].

PMID- 3834596
TI  - [Different orientation effect of visual evoked potential due to different
      temporal stimulating frequency].

PMID- 3834597
TI  - [Cytoprotective effect of vegetable oil on stress-induced gastric mucosal damage
      in rats].

PMID- 3834598
TI  - [Effects of hypoxia on mechanical properties of isolated the cat papillary
      muscle].

PMID- 3834599
TI  - [Effect of peanut oil and oleic acid on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal
      damage in rats].

PMID- 3834600
TI  - [Effect of intracerebro-ventricular microinjection of pentagastrin on
      gastrointestinal propulsive motility in the rat].

PMID- 3834601
TI  - [Effects of morphine and naloxone on canine pancreatic secretion induced by
      acidified duodenum].

PMID- 3834602
TI  - [Descending influence of the auditory cortex behind the rhinal sulcus (ACBRS) on
      the electrical discharge of neurons in the medial geniculate body (MGB) of
      rabbits].

PMID- 3834603
TI  - [Comparison of effects of M-cholinergic compounds on M-acetylcholine receptors in
      the rat cortex, parotid gland and longitudinal muscle from the small intestine of
      the guinea pig].

PMID- 3834604
TI  - [Respiratory related neurons in the septum of the limbic system of the rabbit].

PMID- 3834605
TI  - [Respiratory related neurons in the dorsal hippocampus of the limbic system of
      the rabbit].

PMID- 3834607
TI  - Psychosocial stress preceding myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3834606
TI  - [Effect of the intracerebroventricular injection of naloxone on the vagus-pressor
      response in rabbits].

PMID- 3834608
TI  - Occurrence of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli in a Malaysian hospital.

PMID- 3834609
TI  - Antibiotic susceptibilities of Achromobacter xylosoxidans.

PMID- 3834610
TI  - Obstetric outcome of meconium stained liquor in labour.

PMID- 3834611
TI  - Klinefelter's syndrome and hypostatic leg ulceration.

PMID- 3834612
TI  - Primary pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3834613
TI  - Flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate in chronic schizophrenia.

PMID- 3834614
TI  - Munchausen syndrome: a case report.

PMID- 3834615
TI  - Supravesical hernia: a case report.

PMID- 3834616
TI  - Cut-throat--a case report.

PMID- 3834617
TI  - [Conference on cystic diseases of the kidney. Padua, 15 October 1983].

PMID- 3834618
TI  - [Cystic renal diseases in children].

PMID- 3834619
TI  - [Cystic nephropathies].

PMID- 3834620
TI  - [Genetic counseling in adult-type polycystic disease of the kidney].

PMID- 3834621
TI  - [Regular dialysis treatment of chronic uremia caused by polycystic kidney].

PMID- 3834622
TI  - [Epidemiologic investigation of the occurrence of polycystic disease of the
      kidney at dialysis centers of Triveneto].

PMID- 3834623
TI  - [Pediatric-type polycystic disease].

PMID- 3834624
TI  - [Renal cysts and anemia in the dialysis patient: a significant correlation?].

PMID- 3834625
TI  - [Clinical observations on Cacchi-Ricci disease].

PMID- 3834626
TI  - [Hemorrhagic complications of acquired cystic disease in the hemodialyzed
      patient].

PMID- 3834627
TI  - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in patients with polycystic
      nephropathy].

PMID- 3834628
TI  - [Hemodialysis problems in patients with polycystic nephropathy].

PMID- 3834629
TI  - [Stauffer's syndrome].

PMID- 3834630
TI  - [Comparative therapeutic evaluation of 2 quinolone derivatives, norfloxacin and
      cinoxacin, in complicated infections of the urinary tract].

PMID- 3834631
TI  - [Sodium diclofenac in ureteral colic. Comparative double-blind study with
      placebo].

PMID- 3834632
TI  - Telling the diagnosis: implications for social work practice.
AB  - If families are to provide de-institutionalized psychiatric patients with primary
      care in the community, it is necessary to provide them with the skills,
      background and motivation to deal with the multitude of problems that chronic
      mental patients present. Families do best when they have a sense of cognitive
      mastery about all aspects of the family member's illness, but not all
      practitioners are comfortable about discussing or revealing such information.
      This paper surveys the attitude of social workers, psychologists and
      psychiatrists as it applies to utilizing the diagnosis in treatment.

PMID- 3834633
TI  - Social work training for orthodontists.

PMID- 3834634
TI  - Temporal lobe epilepsy: social and psychological considerations.
AB  - The diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) holds significant psychosocial
      ramifications for the patient and family. TLE is a type of seizure disorder which
      challenges the usual notions of epilepsy. Patients with TLE may never experience
      the stereotypical convulsion; rather, TLE seizures are more likely to take the
      form of changes in behavior and deepened emotionality. The symptoms are confusing
      and often frightening for the patient, his family and the larger community. This
      article explores the patient's and the family's reactions to TLE--myths that
      influence them, the practical and emotional dilemmas that confront them, and the
      benefits of social work intervention.

PMID- 3834635
TI  - Counseling women who request sterilization: psychodynamic issues and
      interventions.
AB  - With large numbers of women seeking sterilization each year, including over half
      a million in 1983 alone, the problem of regretted sterilization and efforts to
      prevent regret have become matters of concern to health care providers. This
      paper describes a sterilization counseling program designed to reduce the
      likelihood of regretted sterilization. Discussed are factors which help predict
      satisfaction or regret following sterilization. A psychodynamic approach to
      sterilization counseling informed by these factors is described. Case vignettes
      are included, as is a retrospective analysis of candidates counseled during one
      year of the program.

PMID- 3834636
TI  - The Haitian refugee: concerns for health care providers.
AB  - This paper reports an exploratory study of the situation of Haitian refugees in
      the U.S., based on extensive interviews and conversations with health care
      providers around the state of Florida. The study raises issues that are
      applicable to other disadvantaged subcultures, and illustrates the need for
      further, more rigorous fact-finding and attention by health care providers.
      Suggestions for social workers working in cross-cultural settings are also
      discussed.

PMID- 3834637
TI  - Normalization and boarding homes: an examination of paradoxes.
AB  - Boarding homes have emerged throughout the nation as places where many
      deinstitutionalized psychiatric patients, and others, reside. They represent one
      type of congregate living arrangement which is expected to facilitate social
      policy goals of enabling chronically mentally ill people to live in the most
      appropriate, least restrictive environment possible. This paper presents a study
      of ten boarding homes in New Jersey which suggests that instead of being
      empowered as consumers, residents have become commodities; instead of gaining
      additional freedoms, deinstitutionalized persons have been abandoned. The paper
      also presents problematic issues concerning the provision of treatment and
      rehabilitation services to boarding home residents.

PMID- 3834639
TI  - Physiologic adaptations of marine animals.

PMID- 3834638
TI  - The "new young chronic" psychiatric patient: a study in Vancouver.
AB  - A group of Vancouver B.C. schizophrenic patients were studied to see if the
      younger subjects possessed the characteristics of the "new young chronic" patient
      described in the literature. Information on a number of quantitative measures of
      community functioning was gathered from the clinical files of patients who were
      attending community mental health teams. The younger subjects possessed many of
      the same features of the "new young chronic" described by other workers. This was
      a group with a high level of instability, as reflected in high rehospitalization
      rates, a greater need for clinical services, an earlier initial contact with the
      psychiatric system, lower marriage rates, lower employment rates and greater
      mobility than the older subjects. Because age accounted for so much variability
      within the sample, the young patients may be regarded as a distinct sub-group.
      The limitations and implications of the study are discussed. There may be a "lack
      of fit" between patient needs and the services of the mental health delivery
      system.

PMID- 3834640
TI  - [The veterinarian in the bridge between human and animal].

PMID- 3834641
TI  - [Borna virus infection (Borna disease) in naturally and experimentally infected
      animals: its significance for research and practice].
AB  - In this survey article on Borna Disease-many years after the review of Zwick
      (1939)-again a modern comprehensive summary of "Borna Disease virus infection" is
      given. The infection occurs in horses and sheep, furthermore, in laboratory
      animal species inoculated experimentally; its clinical, virological and
      neuropathological features have been described in numerous presentations.
      Clinical symptoms in naturally and experimentally infected animals are
      characterized by initial alterations in the sensorium. The neurological
      symptomatology of the disease (disturbances in coordination, motor, sensory and
      vegetative symptoms) reflect the presumed localisation of the virus in various
      brain areas and the course of the disease supports the assumption of intraneural
      spread of the agent. In horses the incidence is highest during spring.
      Experimental infections show an exceptionally broad spectrum of infectible
      animals extending from higher mammals to birds. Our investigations make it clear
      that we have to differentiate between infections followed by disease (e.g. horse,
      rabbit, older rat) and persistent infections without overt clinical symptoms
      (mouse, chicken). Persistent infections are sometimes associated with fine
      alterations in behaviour (tree shrew) or decreased learning ability (mice). Borna
      Disease virus, which has not been characterized up to now, is known to grow
      without any cytopathic effect in tissue cultures. All tested cell lines
      (including those from man) could be infected. The investigations indicate that
      Borna Disease virus comprises an enveloped RNS-containing agent. The infection
      induces the production of specific antigens such as a complex known as the
      soluble antigen, and a 14500 dalton protein. Under natural conditions and in
      experimentally infected animals antibodies are produced against such soluble
      proteins and determinants involved in neutralization of the virus. In the central
      nervous system (CNS) a local immune response accompanied by the production of
      oligoclonal immunoglobulins is demonstrable. Besides the humoral reaction it was
      possible to study the influence of cellular defence mechanisms on the disease
      process in monkeys, rats and rabbits. Histopathologically, Borna Disease is
      characterized by a non-purulent inflammation of the brain and the spinal cord.
      Most alterations are found in the grey matter, mainly in the Ammon's horn,
      olfactory lobe, caudate nucleus, thalamus, lamina quadrigemina and in he
      cerebellar nuclei. The perivascular infiltrations, consisting of lymphocytes,
      histiocytes and plasma cells are most conspicuous. Occasionally, degenerative
      alterations are observed in ganglion cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3834642
TI  - [Toxicologic evaluation of nitrofuran derivatives].
AB  - The most important side effects of numerous nitrofuran derivatives are their
      mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. They are due to metabolites of this group of
      substances in the microbial and animal metabolism. The mutagenic or carcinogenic
      metabolites are either excreted or covalently bound in the animal organism and
      may then form persistent residues in the slaughtered animal. If active at all,
      such residues are toxicologically less active than free metabolites. To determine
      their bioavailability and to exclude any risk to the consumer, their relay
      toxicity should be tested using suitable experimental animals.

PMID- 3834643
TI  - [Domestication and its sequelae].
AB  - The domestication of the dog took place in the late Glacial. Its earliest record
      comes from Oberkassel near Bonn and its age is some 14000 years B.C. On the other
      side the domestication of the farm animals began about 10000 years ago, during
      the so-called Neolithic Revolution, when man's way of life changed basicly from
      the hunter-and gatherer-culture to agriculture and animal husbandry. This change
      took place in the valleys and on the slopes of the mountains surrounding the
      basin of the Euphrat and Tigris rivers which is called the Fertile Crescent.
      Sheep and goat were succeeded by pig and cattle. Immediately after the transition
      to domestication with protection by human being taking the place of natural
      selection the livestock animals and the dog underwent a decrease in size. This
      reduction in size is one of the most important criteria for distinguishing
      prehistoric domestic livestock from their wild forms. In high developed cultures
      domestication resulted in a hardly imaginable morphological and physiological
      extension of variability, in a richness of forms not to be guessed by the whole
      potential of the corresponding ancestors. But all these rich appearing forms were
      due to intraspecific procedures. They don't create new species. By the way of the
      increasing influence of man and its domestic animals on the environment the
      procedure of domestication is more and more shifted in the foreground and
      increasingly intervenes with the interests of wild life.

PMID- 3834644
TI  - [The rumen acidosis complex--recent knowledge and experiences (1). A review].
AB  - By "Rumen acidosis" until recently only the acute indigestion with intoxication
      caused by excessive production of lactic acid was understood. Meanwhile, however,
      it has become evident that further pathologic changes can take place in the acid
      base status of the rumen contents which may also be referred to as "Rumen
      acidosis". Basing on new literature and own experiences the paper gives a review
      of that "Rumen acidosis complex": Fundamentals of the regulation of pH in the
      rumen; chronic latent rumen acidosis (hyper-and parakeratosis, chronic
      hyperplastic rumenitis, rumenitis-liver abscess complex, hyperlipodeposition, low
      milk fat syndrome, atypical ketosis, chronic laminitis, cerebrocortical necrosis,
      acid-base metabolism); acute lactic acidosis (etiology, pathogenesis, therapy,
      prophylaxis).

PMID- 3834645
TI  - [Histomoniasis in pullet stock and its effect on later laying performance].
AB  - In a 17 1/2 weeks old pullet stock typhlohepatitis was diagnosed on the occasion
      of a stock examination by the poultry health service. Liver and gut of randomly
      selected pullets showed gross and histologic alterations as known in cases of
      typhlohepatitis in turkeys. Histomonads could be shown using both the PAS
      reaction according to McManus and the silverstaining according to Grocott. In the
      following controls of the herd macroscopic visible alterations of the liver could
      not be seen, but some of the animals still exhibited gross lesions in the ceca.
      The course of the development of the herd from point-of-lay to the 9th month of
      laying period is described.

PMID- 3834646
TI  - [Pharmacologic principles in the treatment of epilepsy in the dog and cat].
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs used for the treatment of human
      epilepsies is reviewed for dogs and cats. In dogs, especially phenobarbital and
      primidone must be regarded as useful drugs for chronic treatment on account of
      their elimination rate and bioavailability. Phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic
      acid and benzodiazepines are eliminated so rapidly that a therapeutic value
      cannot be expected. In cats, phenytoin, phenobarbital, valproic acid and diazepam
      must be regarded as suited for chronic treatment, but there is a definite lack of
      clinical experience. Phenobarbital and primidone are useful for treatment of
      clonic-tonic generalized seizures (grand mal) in dogs. The effect of primidone
      depends mostly on its metabolite phenobarbital. Since primidone, given in high
      dosage for longer periods of time, gives rise to liver damage, phenobarbital is
      regarded as the drug of first choice. A status epilepticus may be treated by i.v.
      injection of diazepam, clonazepam, phenytoin or lidocaine. In cats with grand
      mal, treatment with daily doses of about 1 mg/kg diazepam may be tried. It proved
      effective for longer time periods without development of tolerance. There is no
      reliable clinical experience with other drugs in this species.

PMID- 3834647
TI  - [Internal medicine roentgen diagnosis in the dog (1)].
AB  - Many veterinarians use radiography mainly as a diagnostic aid in surgical cases.
      However, internal diseases are at least as important an indication for
      radiography. For the evaluation of internal radiographs the veterinarian should
      have extremely good knowledge about the normal structures as well as the abnormal
      patterns which may be seen in diseases. Some important points for the evaluation
      of thoracic radiographs are given.

PMID- 3834648
TI  - [Determination of the urea content of milk in general practice].
AB  - To determine the urea in milk and thus to get information on the feeding regimen,
      a method using colour stripes was developped for the extension service in
      Bavaria. The quantitative results are fairly exact and available within four
      minutes comparing the colour changes of the stripe with a four-colour-scale. The
      scale comprises a range from 15 to more than 40 mg urea nitrogen per 100 ml of
      milk. The resulting colour as a rule lies between two colour shadings. Udder
      diseases give uncorrect results. The pH values of the milk samples should be
      situated between 6.6 and 6.9. This test meets the requirements of the extension
      service in most cases. Thus disturbances of metabolism caused by feeding can be
      corrected without problems and immediately. The status of lactation seems to have
      no influence. Most important in this respect are a feed composition adapted to
      ruminants and a correct ratio between intake of energy and protein.

PMID- 3834649
TI  - Pathogenesis of aplastic anemia.
AB  - Several assays were used to study myelopoiesis in 10 patients with aplastic
      anemia: the soft agar colony assay for granulocyte-monocyte progenitors; colony
      forming assay after removal of T lymphocytes; coculture of normal marrow with
      lymphocytes from normal individuals and patients; coculture of normal marrow with
      bone marrow fibroblasts from normal subjects and patients in the presence or
      absence of colony-stimulating factor. All patient assays revealed low colony
      formation. In two patients, colony formation by normal marrow cells in coculture
      with lymphocytes was suppressed with a colony count increase following T
      lymphocyte removal from marrow. Suppressor cells may have caused the aplasia in
      these patients. Most of the fibroblasts from normal individuals enhanced
      granulopoiesis in the absence of the colony-stimulating factor, while those from
      all patients failed to do so. When the colony-stimulating factor was present in
      the cultures, the degree of suppression of colony formation by fibroblasts
      derived from the patients was far greater than that by those from the healthy
      subjects. These results indicate that most aplastic anemias arise from defects of
      the stem cells and the bone marrow fibroblasts which hold major responsibilities
      in creating a microenvironment inductive to hematopoiesis.

PMID- 3834650
TI  - Bile acid metabolism in partially hepatectomized rats.
AB  - The bile flow and the bile acid secretion, calculated on liver weight basis,
      increased 12 H and 24 H after 60-70% hepatectomy and returned to the initial
      levels thereafter. The biliary phospholipid secretion much more increased than
      bile acids, but the cholesterol secretion decreased. Bile acid composition
      changed with an increase of the cholic acid group and a decrease of the
      chenodeoxycholic acid group in both bile and feces. These changes almost
      disappeared on Day 14. The pool size of bile acid decreased maximally on Day 4 to
      about 40% of the initial, but the distribution of bile acids in the enterohepatic
      circulation was not changed. The fecal cholesterol and coprostanol markedly
      decreased on Day 2 but gradually returned to the initial levels according to the
      recovery of diet intake. The fecal bile acids decreased on Day 2, increased on
      Day 4, and returned to the normal range after Day 7. In conclusion, the
      regenerating liver secretes more bile, bile acids and phospholipids, and less
      cholesterol than the normal liver. Cholic acid predominates in the bile acids.
      These changes restored to the initial levels by about one week after the
      operation.

PMID- 3834651
TI  - Minor and trace sterols in marine invertebrates 53 (1): Further novel marine
      sterols resulting from triple and quadruple biomethylation of the cholesterol
      side-chain.
AB  - The isolation and structure elucidation of nine new trace sterols with highly
      branched side chains from a Pseudaxinyssa species from the Australian Great
      Barrier Reef are described.

PMID- 3834652
TI  - Structure determination of 3 beta, 17-dihydroxy-17 alpha-pregn-5-ene-20-one.
AB  - The title compound was synthesized as part of an effort to determine the identity
      of an abnormal steroid metabolite present in the urine of a patient exhibiting
      pronounced gynecomastia. The X-ray investigation of the synthesized compound
      showed that the 20-carbonyl of the 17 alpha oriented side chain lies under the D
      ring, and does not participate in hydrogen bonding in the crystal lattice. This
      conformation appears to be stable and sufficiently shielded that it is unlikely
      to make a major contribution to possible protein interactions.

PMID- 3834653
TI  - Structure and progestational activity of 13-substituted-18-norpregn-4-ene-3, 20
      diones, a pilot study.
AB  - 13-Ethyl-18-norpregn-4-ene-3, 20-dione (7) and 13-acetyl-18-norpregn-4-ene-3, 20
      dione (4) were synthesized and tested in the s.c. Clauberg assay. The potencies
      of these compounds (1X and 1/3 X progesterone, respectively) are compared with
      those reported for 13-vinyl- and 13-cyanomethyl-18-norpregn-4-ene-3, 20-dione. A
      comparable activity (1/3 X progesterone) was found for 13-acetyl-18-norpregn-4-en
      3-one (10) which lacks the 20-carbonyl group.

PMID- 3834654
TI  - The preparation of estradiol-17 beta sulfates with triethylamine-sulfur trioxide.
AB  - Reaction of estradiol-17 beta with triethylamine-sulfur trioxide in pyridine
      gives exclusively monosulfation at the C17-hydroxyl group with the preparation of
      17 beta-sulfooxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol triethylammonium salt (V). The
      structural assignment suggested by spectroscopic measurements was confirmed by
      synthetic studies. (Formula: see text) A synthesis of 3-sulfooxyestra-1,3,5(10)
      trien-17 beta-ol triethylammonium salt (II) has been accomplished based on the
      preparation of 17 beta-formyloxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol (XIII). Fusion of the
      3-sulfate triethylammonium salt II gives rise to the 17-sulfate triethylamine
      salt V. The preparation of estradiol-17 beta disulfate has also been achieved.

PMID- 3834656
TI  - Testosterone 5 alpha-reductase in discrete hypothalamic nuclear areas in the rat:
      effect of castration.
AB  - The conversion of testosterone into 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) has been
      studied in different hypothalamic nuclear areas and in the superficial layers of
      the cerebral cortex of normal and castrated male rats. The tissue fragments
      utilized in each incubation have been punched from frozen brain sections
      utilizing calibrated needles. Castration has been performed 12 (short term) and
      180 (long term) days before sacrifice. The nuclear areas studied include: the
      medial preoptic nucleus (MPN), the lateral preoptic nucleus (LPN), the anterior
      hypothalamic nucleus (AHN), the lateral hypothalamic nucleus (LHN), the posterior
      hypothalamic nucleus (PHN), the nucleus ventromedialis (HVM), the arcuate nucleus
      (AR), the median eminence (ME), the nucleus paraventricularis (HPV), the
      supraoptic nucleus (SO) and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SC). The possible effect
      of castration on the 5 alpha-reductase, were assessed in the MPN,LPN,AHN,LHN,PHN
      and in the cerebral cortex. The results indicate that, in the male rat: 1) the
      lateral preoptic(LPN) and the lateral hypothalamic nuclei(LHN) possess a 5 alpha
      reductase activity higher than that present in the cerebral cortex and in the
      other hypothalamic nuclei considered; 2)the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SC)
      apparently possesses a testosterone metabolizing activity lower than that found
      in any other nervous structures studied so far; 3) castration does not seem to
      influence the 5 alpha-reductase activity either in the hypothalamic nuclear
      structures considered or in the cerebral cortex.

PMID- 3834655
TI  - A fusion method for the preparation of steroid sulfates.
AB  - A method for the preparation of steroid triethylammonium sulfates is outlined
      which involves the fusion of triethylamine-sulfur trioxide and steroids.
      Experimental details are presented which define the process as a thermal
      equilibrium resulting in the preferential sulfation of aliphatic hydroxyl groups.
      Sulfation of an aromatic hydroxyl group can be achieved in the absence of an
      aliphatic hydroxyl group. With excess reagent both types of hydroxyl groups in
      the same molecule can be sulfated.

PMID- 3834658
TI  - Testosterone metabolism in the uropygial gland of the quail.
AB  - The metabolism of testosterone in the uropygial gland of the quail principally
      results in the production of 17 alpha, 5 beta derivatives. Moreover, an unusually
      small amount of testosterone is converted to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. These
      results question the role played by intracellular 5 alpha-reduction in the
      response of the gland to testosterone stimulation.

PMID- 3834657
TI  - Novel silylated steroids as aromatase inhibitors.
AB  - Androst-4-en-3-one analogs incorporating a trimethylsilyl or a
      trimethylsilylmethyl group at C-1, C-2 or C-19 were prepared and evaluated as
      inhibitors of aromatase. Only 10-[1-hydroxy-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl]estr-4-ene
      3,17-dione inhibited human placental aromatase. Enzyme kinetic analysis revealed
      competitive inhibition [apparent dissociation constant (Ki) of 562 +/- 12 nM]
      associated with marginal time-dependent inhibition.

PMID- 3834659
TI  - Stereoselective hydrolysis of 16 alpha-halo-17-keto steroids and long-range
      substitution effects on the hydrolysis of 16 alpha-bromo-17-ketones and 2 alpha
      bromo-3-ketones.
AB  - Epimerizations of 16 alpha-chloro- (1a), bromo- (1b), and iodo-3 beta-hydroxy-5
      androsten-17-one (1c) by a brief treatment with 0.2 equiv NaOH in aqueous
      pyridine reached equilibrium between 16 alpha- and 16 beta-halo ketones. 16 alpha
      /16 beta-Halo ketone ratios at equilibrium were 1.5 for Cl, 1.25 for Br, and 1.0
      for I. Kinetic analysis showed that compounds 1a-c were stereoselectively
      converted to the corresponding 16 alpha-hydroxy derivative 3 by an SN2 mechanism,
      in which the order of the apparent reactivity was Br greater than I greater than
      Cl. The hydrolysis of a number of 16 alpha-bromo-17-ketones and 2 alpha-bromo-3
      ketones was carried out. The yields of the corresponding alcohols were found to
      depend on remote structural features in the steroids.

PMID- 3834660
TI  - Metabolism of beta-muricholic acid in man.
AB  - Labeled beta-muricholic acid was obtained from germfree rats given [24-14C]
      chenodeoxycholic acid. It was crystallized with the same unlabeled bile acid
      extracted from germfree rat pooled biles. Five patients fitted with a T-tube
      after cholecystectomy were given orally 100 mg of the bile acid. Metabolites of
      beta-muricholic acid in bile, urine and feces were studied. Glyco- and tauro-beta
      muricholic acid were the only metabolites detected in bile. The urinary bile acid
      pattern was complex and included free, glyco- and sulfoconjugated beta-muricholic
      acid, but no glucuronide was observed. Analysis of fecal bile acid showed very
      few metabolites: the 3 beta-epimer was identified; the 6 beta- and 7 beta
      hydroxyls were apparently not transformed by human intestinal microflora.

PMID- 3834661
TI  - Altered cholesterol ester proportions in embryonic tissues of dystrophic chicken.
AB  - The concentrations of cholesterol esters in tissues of dystrophic chicken embryos
      are altered from normal. These changes are accompanied by significant changes in
      the proportions of the esterified fatty acids (the fatty acid profile). In serum
      and pectoral muscles there is a shift to a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty
      acids (in particular 18:1). Thigh muscle esters are little changed and in liver
      and brain the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids decreases.

PMID- 3834662
TI  - Size isomers of testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin exist in the plasma of
      individual men and women.
AB  - We isolated testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin TeBG rapidly and in high
      yield from pooled pregnancy plasma. It showed two bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). Both bands stained with three
      different monoclonal antibodies to TeBG, thus demonstrating their immunological
      similarity. Freshly drawn, individual sera, from men, women, and pregnant
      patients were submitted to microaffinity chromatography, a procedure which
      partially purifies TeBG in approximately 4 hr. The partially purified plasma was
      submitted to SDS PAGE, followed by immunoblotting. The blotted TeBG exhibited the
      same two bands seen in the isolated, purified protein. The size heterogeneity
      observed in TeBG purified to: proteolysis occurring during isolation; a
      peculiarity of pregnancy plasma; or heterogeneity attendant upon the use of
      pooled plasma for isolation.

PMID- 3834663
TI  - Contraceptive use, amenorrhea, and breastfeeding in postpartum women.
AB  - Data from a 1981-1982 survey of infant feeding practices in four developing
      countries are used to analyze the relationship of amenorrhea, lactation, and time
      since childbirth with contraceptive use. The relationship was first explored
      using contingency table analysis. Logistic regression analysis was then performed
      to control for the effects of background variables. Models were tested separately
      for oral contraceptive users and users of other methods. Analysis showed a
      strong, independent, and consistent negative relationship between amenorrhea and
      contraceptive use. Women who were less than four months postpartum were also less
      likely to use contraceptives. The strength of the association with amenorrhea
      outweighed all other variables, including demographic correlates of contraceptive
      use. A negative relationship between breastfeeding and contraceptive use was
      found only for users of oral contraceptives. It is possible that women in the
      immediate postpartum period, especially those who are lactating and amenorrheic,
      are not as highly motivated to use contraception as had been supposed.

PMID- 3834664
TI  - A comparison of 1970 and 1980 survey findings on family planning in India.
AB  - This report compares the findings of two national sample surveys and highlights
      changes in the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of family planning
      among Indian couples during 1970-1980. No significant change in desired family
      size during this period is indicated, but awareness about various contraceptives
      increased and more people had a favorable attitude toward family planning by
      1980. However, about 45 percent of all couples who participated in the 1980
      survey were unfamiliar with sterilization as a family planning method. About 60
      percent did not know how to use condoms. The corresponding percentages for IUDs
      and the pill were even higher--about 80 percent in each case. Nevertheless, use
      of modern contraceptives increased from 10 percent in 1970 to 28 percent in 1980.
      The proportion of couples depending on traditional methods, primarily rhythm, was
      substantial and increased from 4 percent in 1970 to 7 percent in 1980.
      Sterilization remained the most popular modern method, followed by condoms. It
      was also found that current contraceptive users belonged to a relatively better
      socioeconomic group than those couples who did not want any additional children
      yet were not practicing contraception, characterized by a higher literacy level,
      more exposure to mass media, and better communication between spouses.

PMID- 3834665
TI  - Effects of women's education on postpartum practices and fertility in urban
      Nigeria.
AB  - This study examines the influence of women's education on postpartum practices
      and fertility in Ilorin, a Nigerian urban community. Using life-table survival
      analysis to estimate breastfeeding and abstinence durations and the Cox
      Proportional Hazards Model to estimate relative risk of weaning and terminating
      abstinence, women's education was found to have a strong negative relationship
      with breastfeeding and postpartum abstinence. The use of contraception was low in
      this community and marital fertility for educated women was higher than for
      illiterate women. Policy implications of the findings and recommendations are
      discussed.

PMID- 3834666
TI  - Factors influencing the use of traditional versus modern family planning methods
      in Bas Zaire.
AB  - Findings from a baseline survey conducted prior to the initiation of organized
      family planning efforts in one urban and one rural area of Bas Zaire reveal the
      widespread use of traditional methods and a surprisingly high level of knowledge
      of modern contraceptives. However, in the absence of a delivery system, use of
      the latter was extremely limited (4-5 percent of currently married women). The
      data reflect a deep-seated motivation for birth spacing, which is achieved
      primarily through withdrawal and abstinence. Of the variables tested as possible
      correlates, only economic status was related to use of both traditional and
      modern methods in the same direction. Use of a traditional method was largely
      determined by age of the youngest child and breastfeeding status. By contrast,
      use of a modern method was highest among women over 30 with higher levels of
      education and parity, who were not currently breastfeeding.

PMID- 3834667
TI  - A comparison of census and family planning program data on contraceptive
      prevalence, Indonesia.
AB  - Indonesian family planning (FP) service statistics indicate that three out of
      five couples of childbearing age nationwide are now using modern contraception
      provided by the FP program. The 1980 Indonesian Census provided a unique
      opportunity to cross-check the FP program's contraceptive prevalence figures for
      every province. The results of that comparison indicate considerable variation,
      particularly in Java, between the FP program estimates of numbers of current
      users and the census estimates. Possible explanations for these differences are
      sought in the FP program approach to estimation of prevalence levels from
      acceptor data, and by examining the possibility of census underestimation of
      prevalence levels.

PMID- 3834668
TI  - [Duodenitis].

PMID- 3834669
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux in children with
      double ureters].

PMID- 3834670
TI  - [Intestinal helminthiasis in children].

PMID- 3834671
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapeutic management of early forms of tubal pregnancy].

PMID- 3834672
TI  - [Giant neurinoma of the neck].

PMID- 3834673
TI  - [Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix].

PMID- 3834674
TI  - [Ischemic necrosis of the lower extremity as a complication of acute dissecting
      aneurysm of the thoraco-abdominal aorta].

PMID- 3834675
TI  - [Ionoflux as an adjuvant form of therapy of hysterical aphonia].

PMID- 3834676
TI  - [Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. II. Adverse effects of
      heterocyclic enols].

PMID- 3834677
TI  - [Talidology].

PMID- 3834678
TI  - [Proceedings of the 14th meeting of the Polish Parasitological Society. Wroclaw,
      20-22 September 1984].

PMID- 3834679
TI  - [Review of the achievements of veterinary parasitology 1979-1983].

PMID- 3834680
TI  - [Review of the achievements of Polish medical parasitology 1979-1983].

PMID- 3834681
TI  - [Current status and prospects of the studies of Euglenida--the parasites of
      Copepoda].

PMID- 3834682
TI  - [Current taxonomy of Amoeba].

PMID- 3834683
TI  - [Methods and concepts used in the taxonomy of Isopoda and Copepoda].

PMID- 3834684
TI  - [Principles and use of numerical taxonomy in the classification of Arthropods].

PMID- 3834685
TI  - [Differentiation of characteristics of Mallophaga].

PMID- 3834686
TI  - [Role of karyological studies in determining phylogenetic relationships based on
      the example of Acari].

PMID- 3834687
TI  - [Local humoral response in gastrointestinal nematode infection].

PMID- 3834688
TI  - [Role of fecal antibodies in the immunity against intestinal nematodes].

PMID- 3834689
TI  - [Systemic immunosuppression of nonspecific cellular response in rats infected
      with Hymenolepis diminuta].

PMID- 3834690
TI  - [Immunosuppressive effect of parasitic infection on the immune system of the
      host: suppression of the graft vs host reaction in experimental trichinosis in
      mice].

PMID- 3834691
TI  - [Endoscopic and histopathological studies of gastric mucosa in patients with
      taeniarhynchosis].

PMID- 3834692
TI  - [Biopsy of small intestinal mucosa in patients with Taenia saginata infection
      (preliminary report)].

PMID- 3834693
TI  - [Occurrence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in patients with neoplasms of the
      female genitalia].

PMID- 3834694
TI  - [Changes in the virulence of Acanthamoeba strains].

PMID- 3834696
TI  - [Preliminary studies on the life cycle of Tracheliastes maculatus Kollar, 1835
      (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae)].

PMID- 3834695
TI  - [Effect of Trichinella pseudospiralis and T. spiralis infection on intestinal
      absorption in rats].

PMID- 3834697
TI  - [Diagnosis and indications in psychotherapy].
AB  - The more recent literature on the reliability and the status of psychiatric
      diagnosis is reviewed and confronted with the latest experimental results on the
      indication for psychotherapy. Accordingly it can be hypothesized that at least
      for outpatient psychiatry/psychotherapy there is no meaningful relationship
      between diagnosis and indication. Diagnoses do not imply indications for
      psychotherapy. This assumption is verified by the results of an outpatient
      fieldstudy and the implications are discussed.

PMID- 3834698
TI  - [From the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) to the Salzburg Thematic Construction
      Test. Remarks on an overdue test revision].
AB  - In autumn 1985 the "Thematische Gestaltungstest Salzburg", which is a further
      development of the well-known "Thematic Apperception Test" (TAT) H. A. Murray's,
      has been published by Beltz. The revision of this test includes not only a
      modification of the partly already antiquated pictures, but also a fundamental
      reorientation of the theoretical concept and of the system of analysis developed
      by Revers. The authors summarize the essential ideas of this test revision and
      explain the conclusions to be drawn for the discussion of the projection concept
      in psychodiagnostics. The article also displays a synopsis of the handbook for
      the TGT-Salzburg, which has been published together with the test.

PMID- 3834699
TI  - [Criterion-oriented measurement in clinical psychology: development of a test on
      stress management].
AB  - Criterion-oriented tests evaluate the performance of the individual in relation
      to a given criterion which describes abilities and skills (intended
      competencies). The measuring process decides statistically if the person is
      "mastering" the criterion or not. The intended competencies should be represented
      by test items of high content-validity. The structure and application of this
      method especially to diagnostical issues of clinical psychology and therapeutic
      control are discussed. Steps are described construing a criterion-oriented test
      of stress and coping processes related to depressive and fearful behavior. The
      test is based on a situation-action-model in the theoretical framework of "stress
      and coping", "self-efficacy", "control" and "learned helplessness". Method and
      construction of items are shown in order to find some dimensions of coping
      behavior-in-situations (appraisals, person-directed and environment-directed
      actions) and its sequential organisation in stressful episodes.

PMID- 3834700
TI  - [Methods of diagnosis in family interaction: a metatheoretical reference frame].
AB  - In order to obtain a systematic structure of family diagnosis a metatheoretical
      frame of reference is developed in which three levels are distinguished: Family
      diagnosis should concern the whole system of the family, the individual system
      members and the relationships between the system members. To classify the
      different methodological approaches the concept of Cromwell, Olson and Fournier
      (1984) is used, in which one distinguishes between an objective and a subjective
      frame of reference and between the outsider and the insider perspective. The
      possibilities to operationalize functionality versus disfunctionality of family
      systems or family interactions are discussed.

PMID- 3834701
TI  - [Creativeness and performance strengths in schizophrenic patients].
AB  - Three positions concerning empirically detectable associations between
      (endogenous) psychosis and creativity are discussed: One which postulates a
      degeneration both in psychosis and creative people, another which tends to
      equalize creativity and psychosis and a third one which regards creativity as
      positive and psychosis as an illness. The latter position is well in accord with
      empirical results. These results are pointing to something which creativity has
      in common with psychosis. This common conditioning factor is probably a
      distinctive cognitive style and, depending on the specific context, presents
      itself either in a positive way (creativity) or as psychotic disorganisation.

PMID- 3834702
TI  - [Personality and neurosis in the biographical perspective].
AB  - A biographical conception of neurosis requires a dynamical perspective of
      personality which may be defined as the relative stability of a person in time.
      The life-cycle is not merely a sequence of data but a complex pattern which can
      be reconstructed by all semiotic systems. But the ordinary all-purpose language
      is to be preferred because of its flexibility to fit even very complicated state
      of affairs. The narration of a life-cycle does not end in a unique version but a
      multiplicity of legitimate narratives. The unity of all these versions is
      conceived as paradigma, that means a set of similar examples. The extensional set
      of the paradigma shows a kind of order which may be characterized intensionally
      by a rule or a sense. The seeming irrationality of a neurotic symptom is caused
      by its belonging to a different paradigma for which there is a sense.
      Psychotherapy is an attempt to give the seeming irrational symptoms a specific
      sense and to change it in a second step.

PMID- 3834703
TI  - Approaches to planning and design of health care facilities in developing areas.
      Volume 5: Cross-national analysis of case studies.

PMID- 3834704
TI  - [Classification of gliomas by malignancy grades].

PMID- 3834705
TI  - [The so-called paling of the heart muscle and its value as an expression of
      ischemic myocardial damage].
AB  - Postmortem examination of human hearts demonstrated that fluorescent microscopic
      evidence of damage to the myocardium is present in most cases with so-called
      "paling". "Paling" is insufficient, however, to verify irreversible damage of the
      myocardium since nearly 1/3 of such cases have negative fluorescence microscopic
      reactions. In cases of acute coronary death with and without grossly visible
      signs of an ischemic myocardial damage necroses are demonstrable by fluorescence
      microscopy. This finding is not influenced by advanced autolysis. A
      fluorochromation with acridinorange at pH 7.0 is recommended in all cases of
      acute coronary death with and without paling or other macroscopic signs of acute
      ischemic damage to the heart muscle.

PMID- 3834706
TI  - [Interferon and sudden infant death (SIDS)].
AB  - A comparison was made between interferon production by fibroblasts obtained from
      the excision of muscular tissue in suddenly deceased infants (SIDS) and that from
      children operated on at the surgical and orthopedic clinics. While the
      fibroblasts obtained from the surgically treated children formed interferon in a
      great quantity, the fibroblasts collected from suddenly deceased children
      generally failed to produce any interferon.

PMID- 3834707
TI  - [Patho-histological liver diagnostics-yesterday and today].
AB  - The development of the so-called one second liver biopsy method of Menghini in
      1957 resulted in rapid progress in the field of liver pathology. Indeed a new sub
      discipline of pathology was created based on the interpretation of needle biopsy
      findings. In order to achieve the current high level of diagnostic and prognostic
      accuracy it was necessary to provide special histopathological training and to
      emphasize clinical-pathologic cooperation. The full potential of this technique
      has not yet been universally realized.

PMID- 3834708
TI  - [Drug-induced liver damage from a clinical viewpoint].
AB  - Biotransformation of xenobiotics is a life saving function of the liver. As a
      consequence of the tremendous development of new and highly effective drugs this
      function is frequently overburden. In recent years the number of patients with
      pharmocotoxic liver damage has become greater than that of patients with viral
      hepatitis. The liver answers xenobiotic overcharge by a limited spectrum of
      functional, morphological and clinical reaction patterns that can be caused also
      by other noxious agents. The manifestation of liver damage depends on a variety
      of factors such as properties of the drug, mode of administration, reactivity of
      the whole organism and of the liver as the target organ. From the clinical point
      of view, xenobiotics can be divided into compounds with foreseeable liver damage
      and into others in which liver damage is not foreseeable as well as into drugs
      which produce mainly cholestasis and others in which hepatitis dominates. Mixed
      patterns are possible. For clarifying diagnostic, differential diagnostic and
      therapeutic problems a graduated program is proposed. Prophylactic measures are
      based on this program. The increase of pharmacotoxic damage of the liver and
      other organs and the expected development leads to consequences and
      recommendations in health care.

PMID- 3834709
TI  - [Morphological reaction patterns of the liver induced by drugs].
AB  - Drugs are exogenous substances often requiring metabolic transformation to be
      therapeutically effective. This occurs primarily in the liver, the most important
      metabolic organ and a structure able to adapt to this burden. Should its adaptive
      potential be exceeded, damage can occur, affecting principally the liver
      parenchyma. Such damage manifests itself as disturbed secretory function and as
      reversible or irreversible structural alteration of the liver cells. The
      constellation of toxic-degenerative lesions is referred to as hepatosis (toxic
      hepatosis, toxic hepatopathy). A variety of patterns of damage (lipidosis,
      necrosis, cholestasis etc.) occur alone or in combination. Depending on the
      severity and extent of these alterations a secondary inflammatory reaction may
      result. These changes are manifest as cellular infiltration and proliferation
      with formation of reticulo-histiocytic nodules or minifocal epitheloid cell
      reactions and non-caseous epitheloid cell granulomas. The eosinophilic component
      is striking. In the face of continued toxic exposures, changes resembling those
      of chronic aggressive hepatitis may develop following the acute changes. Other
      drug-related liver damage may present as vascular lesions the afferent or
      efferent venous systems as well as in the sinusoids (i.e. peliosis hepatis, Budd
      Chiari syndrome). Moreover there may be neoplastic alterations such as focal
      nodular hyperplasia or liver cell adenomas. Pathognomonic histologic criteria for
      drug-induced liver damage have as yet to be recognized, particularly in the case
      of facultative toxins. Morphologic indications can only suggest that a prior
      pharmaceutical agent was the likely cause of the damage. Histologic changes must
      however be viewed in the context of the medical history, clinical and laboratory
      findings, as well as results of other studies before the conclusion is drawn that
      the observed liver changes represent drug-induced injury.

PMID- 3834710
TI  - [Morphology of alcoholic liver damage].
AB  - As a result of the ability to examine successive biopsy specimens, the process of
      progression of liver damage resulting from ethanol abuse is well appreciated. The
      ten most important tissue and cellular changes are described in the present
      paper. The staging system promulgated by the author since 1977 is reviewed: 1)
      Alcohol-induced liver damage without fibrosis, 2) Alcoholic hepatopathy with
      fibrosis, 3) Alcoholic hepatopathy with cirrhosis. Staging by this system
      provides clinically valuable prognostic information. Women with stage 1 changes
      have a two to threefold liklihood of advancing to stage 3 than do men with the
      same degree of initial damage.

PMID- 3834711
TI  - [Alcoholic liver damage in biopsy material].
AB  - Typical alcoholic liver damage was found in 204 cases among 1,000 consecutive
      liver biopsies. Using the classification of Roschlau, 43.6% of the livers were
      stage II. Most alcoholic liver disease occurred in men and women in the fifth
      decade of life. The frequency of alcoholic hepatitis appeared to be greater in
      the higher stages. To determine the diagnostic value of different histologic
      changes, the frequency of several alterations was registered.

PMID- 3834712
TI  - [Light and electron microscopy findings in alcoholic liver damage].
AB  - Large centrolobular hepatocytes and the formation of alcoholic clear cells are
      regarded as changes of prognostic significance in chronic alcoholism. Electron
      microscopically these cells reveal an increase of the endoplasmic reticulum.
      Special attention is paid to ultrastructural peculiarities of Mallory bodies,
      inflammatory changes and fibrosis.

PMID- 3834713
TI  - [Liver damage caused by pesticides].
AB  - Histological liver findings are presented in 22 subjects with long-term exposure
      to pesticides who had been employed in agriculture. In addition to indicative
      liver cell changes (lipofuscinosis) and adaptive reactions (hypertrophy of the
      endoplasmic reticulum), lesions of the hepatocytes usually reflective of primary
      toxic reactions (single cell necroses, toxic cell swelling, fatty infiltration of
      the parenchyma) were observed. These occurred in part in combination with an
      activation of the mesenchyma. Considering the limited number of possible
      pathologic liver changes and the great variety of pesticides used, neither the
      individual findings nor their combinations could be considered characteristic of
      pesticide damage. A more precise evaluation of the results will only be possible
      in connection with a thorough analysis of working and environmental conditions
      and clinical and laboratory findings. The exclusion of additional exogenous
      and/or endogenous hepatotoxic factors is essential.

PMID- 3834714
TI  - [Angiosarcoma of the liver following brief arsenic therapy].
AB  - Hepatic angiosarcoma developed in a 46-year-old man, who had had 7-months of
      arsenic therapy 24 years before. The role of arsenic in the etiology of
      angiosarcoma of the liver is well know, although rarely has it followed such a
      brief period of arsenic therapy.

PMID- 3834715
TI  - [Peliosis hepatis with liver rupture].
AB  - The case of a 50-year-old woman with a ruptured liver caused by peliosis hepatis
      is presented. Death occurred three days after laparotomy for an acute abdomen
      with a clinical diagnosis of intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Autopsy findings
      including histology are presented and the possible pathogenetic mechanisms are
      discussed. There was neither evidence of a tumor nor of drug or toxin exposure.
      Known etiologic factors for this disorder are discussed on the basis of the
      medical literature. These include consumptive primary disorders, anabolic agents
      and oral contraceptives. The pathogenetic sequence involves damage to the
      endothelial cells of the hepatic sinuses and to the reticular fiber network. This
      case should make physicians aware of this infrequent iatrogenic disorder which is
      apparently increasing in its occurrence.

PMID- 3834716
TI  - [Morphology of new Listeria phages].
AB  - Seventeen Listeria phages have isometric heads and long, noncontractile tails.
      Twelve of them belong to three already known phage species. Five phages represent
      a new species, named H387.

PMID- 3834717
TI  - Production of brownish pigment by bacteria of the Morganella-Proteus-Providencia
      group.
AB  - All bacteria of the Morganella-Proteus-Providencia group tested produced a
      brownish pigment on agar containing L-forms of aromatic amino acids, i.e.
      histidine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine in the presence of iron ions
      under aerobic conditions. No pigment was observed without iron or when using D
      forms of the amino acids. It is a melanin-like pigment with variable molecular
      weight under about 12000 D and an absorbance maximum between 330 and 410 nm
      depending on the concentration and the amino acid metabolized. Moreover, there is
      evidence that aldehydes are intermediates. In addition, the bacteria develop a
      characteristic almond-like smell on phenylalanine agar.

PMID- 3834719
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the session of the Virology Section of the
      Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Hygiene und Mikrobiologie. Erlangen, March 27-30, 1985.

PMID- 3834718
TI  - Inhibition of staphylococcal alpha-hemolysis by monoclonal antibodies against
      oligomer 12 S alpha-toxin.
AB  - Oligomer 12 S alpha-toxin as well as 3 S alpha-toxoid of Staphylococcus aureus
      induced the formation of monoclonal antibodies (mabs). Mabs against the 12 S
      alpha-toxin could be demonstrated in 31 and those against 3 S alpha-toxoid in 18
      of 120 hybrid cell colonies. Each of these mab-preparations reacted with 12 S, 3
      S alpha-toxin and 3 S alpha-toxoid. The reactions were more pronounced with the
      homologous than the heterologous toxin preparations. Mabs against 12 S alpha
      toxin inhibited the hemolytic effects of native 3 S alpha-toxin as well or better
      than the respective polyclonal antisera.

PMID- 3834720
TI  - [The properties of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell (CNE) strain adapted to grow
      at high temperature: alteration in phenotypic parameters shown by transformed
      cells].

PMID- 3834721
TI  - [The role of activated macrophages in the anti-tumor activity of retinoic acid
      (RA) and N-(4-carboxyphenyl)-retinamide (RII)].

PMID- 3834723
TI  - [The effects of gossypol on the secretive function of Sertoli cells in the rat by
      a method of collection of rete testis fluid of the rat].

PMID- 3834722
TI  - [Observations of in vitro fertilization capacity and the transformation of human
      sperm nuclei before and after administration of gossypol acetic acid].

PMID- 3834724
TI  - [Morphological changes in chromosomes during the embryo development of fishes].

PMID- 3834725
TI  - [Photodamage in human erythrocyte membranes, induced by new photosensitizer
      hypocrellin A].

PMID- 3834726
TI  - [A comparative study of esterase isozyme profiles in mouse embryonic and adult
      tissues and embryonal carcinoma cells].

PMID- 3834727
TI  - [Palatal muscles in human fetuses].

PMID- 3834728
TI  - [A case of the congenital partial defect of the pectoralis major--accompanied by
      the sternalis with enormous size].

PMID- 3834729
TI  - Abstracts. 13th meeting of the Hungarian Biophysical Society. 3-5 July, 1985,
      Debrecen.

PMID- 3834730
TI  - Papillary carcinoma of thyroglossal duct cyst. A case report.
AB  - A case of papillary carcinoma of thyroglossal duct cyst in a 68 year old woman is
      here described. Histology showed a papillary carcinoma of thyroid type inside the
      cyst. The wall of this latter contained normal thyroid follicles. Psammoma bodies
      and ground glass nuclei were also observed. The origin, pathology and
      relationship of this neoplasia with a thyroid primary are discussed.

PMID- 3834731
TI  - [Clinical aspects and surgical treatment of carotid body tumors].
AB  - The authors report their experience of three cases of carotid corpuscle tumors:
      two are bilateral and pertaining to the same family, one of them is associated
      with a bilateral tympano-jugular glomus. First they review the epidemiology and
      definitions of such tumors and then they develop the various clinical aspects and
      differential diagnosis of these tumors. They insist on the necessity of a CT scan
      examination and of an angiography. They give their experience of the preoperative
      embolization of the tumour vessels. They expose various aspects of the surgical
      technique, pointing out the interest of a large access, the need of a regular
      surgery and the necessary collaboration between head and neck surgeons and
      vascular surgeons. Finally they discuss the opportuneness to operate bilateral
      glomic tumors.

PMID- 3834732
TI  - [Postauricular myogenic response. Valuable as an objective test for hearing
      screening?].

PMID- 3834733
TI  - [A case of retropharyngeal tumor. Differential diagnosis and treatment of
      retropharyngeal tumors].
AB  - The authors report a case of a tumor of the spatium retropharyngeale. Although
      the medical literature reports no many cases of this kind, a propose of
      differential diagnosis and treatment is presented. A special attention has been
      devoted to chordoma, which is a very important kind of tumors of the spatium
      retropharyngeale.

PMID- 3834734
TI  - [Dermoid cyst of the tongue].
AB  - An epidermoid cyst of the tongue with sinus tract is discussed. Its interest
      comes from the fact that histologic sections show sinus tract wall and epidermoid
      cyst wall made with the same major characteristics of skin structures. Both have
      therefore the same embryologic origin. Adequate treatment is surgical excision.

PMID- 3834735
TI  - [Clinical and surgical aspects of carcinoma of the base of the tongue and of the
      glosso-epiglottic region].

PMID- 3834736
TI  - [Allergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of secretory otitis media in childhood].

PMID- 3834737
TI  - [Importance of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in laryngeal oncogenesis. Preliminary
      data].

PMID- 3834738
TI  - [A case of primary immunocytoma of the thyroid. Histogenetic and prognostic
      considerations].

PMID- 3834739
TI  - [Auditory evoked brainstem potentials, magnetic resonance and computerized
      tomography in the diagnosis of acoustic neurinoma].

PMID- 3834740
TI  - [Semont's maneuver in paroxysmal postural vertigo].

PMID- 3834741
TI  - [Hemangiopericytoma of the external auditory canal in childhood: description of a
      case].

PMID- 3834742
TI  - [Surgery of the parathyroid glands in chronic renal insufficiency].

PMID- 3834743
TI  - Comparative in vitro activity of four beta-lactam antibiotics in surgical wound
      fluid against staphylococci.
AB  - Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) of methicillin,
      dicloxacillin, cephalothin and cefuroxime were determined against 26 strains of
      staphylococci, using a broth dilution method with surgical wound fluid (WF) and
      Mueller-Hinton broth (MH) as test media. The staphylococci were all clinical
      isolates; 17 strains were coagulase-positive and 9 were coagulase-negative. The
      MIC-values of dicloxacillin and cephalothin estimated in MH were lower than those
      estimated in WF. For methicillin and cefuroxime the MIC-values in the two media
      were similar. With regard to MIC-values, the two penicillins were identical in
      WF, as were the two cephalosporins, but the cephalosporins were found to be more
      active than the penicillins, with an average of one dilution step. As regards the
      MBC to MIC ratios, no differences were found neither between the two media nor
      between the four antibiotics.

PMID- 3834744
TI  - [The antidysrhythmic effect of puerariae isoflavones].

PMID- 3834745
TI  - [Studies on the constituents of Patrinia villosa].

PMID- 3834746
TI  - [Morphological and histological studies of the Chinese drug Bai-jiang-cao. III.
      Drugs derived from genera Sonchus, Lactuca and Ixeris, family Compositae].

PMID- 3834747
TI  - [Determination of gossypol with high performance liquid chromatography].

PMID- 3834748
TI  - [Effects of tetrapyrazine on membrane fluidity and electrophoretic mobility of
      platelets and the relation to its antiaggregation effect].

PMID- 3834749
TI  - [Analgesic action of propranolol].

PMID- 3834750
TI  - [The central inhibitory action of hexoprenaline].

PMID- 3834751
TI  - [TLC separation and fluorodensitometric determination of quinidine in human
      serum].

PMID- 3834752
TI  - Chemoreceptor reflexes and cardiovascular control.
AB  - Evidence is presented which indicates that in the absence of other known inputs
      to the nervous system and during controlled pulmonary ventilation, stimulation of
      the carotid body chemoreceptors causes bradycardia and selective peripheral
      vasoconstriction. These responses may be attenuated, however, by concomitant
      changes in respiration and arterial blood pressure, and by activity of higher
      parts of the brain stem. Stimulation of the aortic bodies in mammals in which
      they are functionally active, causes bradycardia or tachycardia and selective
      peripheral vasoconstriction. The reflex vascular effects from the peripheral
      arterial chemoreceptors are mediated by alpha-adrenergic sympathetic fibres. A
      potential mechanism exists therefore whereby the peripheral arterial
      chemoreceptors could contribute to the neurogenic component of hypertension.

PMID- 3834753
TI  - Increased resistance to acute anoxia of the respiratory and cardiac function in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - In spontaneously hypertensive rats NIbn (SHR) and in normotensive Wistar rats
      (NCR) 12-16 weeks old, anaesthetized with urethane, anoxia was produced by
      nitrogen administration through a tracheal cannula. Ventilation was measured by
      tetrapolar impedance rheography. NCR responded to anoxia with a marked increase
      in TV and in respiratory rate (f.), whereas in SHR a depression of TV and
      increase in f. was observed. In NCR respiratory arrests and alternating with
      spontaneous restorations of respiration were observed during anoxia. This pattern
      of response to anoxia never appeared in SHR. After the glossopharyngeal nerves
      had been cut anoxia caused a depression of TV and increase of f. in NCR. In
      contrast, chemodenervation in SHR did not qualitatively change the respiratory
      response to anoxia. Periods of spontaneous respiration under anoxic conditions
      were significantly longer in SHR than in NCR. Also left ventricular contractions
      and ECG activity were maintained for a longer time in SHR than in NCR during
      anoxia. EEG activity disappeared in both groups of animals at about the same time
      after the onset of acute anoxia. The above data point to: 1) reduced
      responsiveness of the arterial chemoreflex in SHR, and 2) markedly increased
      tolerance to anoxic conditions in SHR.

PMID- 3834754
TI  - Augmented chemoreceptor reflex tonic drive in early human hypertension and in
      normotensive subjects with family background of hypertension.
AB  - The study was carried out in 30 subjects with mild primary hypertension and in 82
      normotensive age-matched volunteers, 18-20 years of age. Hyperoxia test was used
      to withdraw the tonic chemoreceptor reflex drive. The following circulatory and
      respiratory effects of short lasting hyperoxia were observed in the hypertensive
      group and in most of the normotensive subjects yet with a family background of
      hypertension: a decrease in the mean arterial pressure, in total peripheral
      vascular resistance, and in forearm vascular resistance, and a significantly
      greater reduction of the resting ventilation as compared to the normotensive
      group. Our results suggest that the augmented arterial chemoreceptor drive is one
      of the mechanisms responsible for the elevated arterial blood pressure and total
      peripheral resistance in early human hypertension. The positive response to
      hyperoxia test in healthy subjects with a family background of hypertension
      suggests a familial occurrence of the hyperactivity of the arterial
      chemoreceptors.

PMID- 3834755
TI  - Contribution of the carotid chemoreceptor reflex to the mechanism of respiratory
      sinus arrhythmia in young healthy and hypertensive humans.

PMID- 3834756
TI  - Some observatoons on the carotid bodies of the New Zealand strain of genetically
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - We report preliminary studies of the carotid bodies in the New Zealand strain of
      hypertensive rats. Female animals have a higher blood pressure than males of the
      same colony, but in both sexes mean arterial pressure is elevated significantly
      when compared to normal animals. The carotid bodies are enlarged in both the
      hypertensive and normotensive animals and there is no correlation between carotid
      body size and arterial pressure. The only structural abnormality detected in the
      hypertensive carotid bodies was a gross thickening of the intimal layer of the
      arterioles. The content of dopamine in the organs was similar in normotensives
      and hypertensives but the noradrenaline levels were some 50% lower in the
      hypotensives. These results are discussed and compared with data available for
      SHR animals.

PMID- 3834757
TI  - Vascularization and morphology of carotid bodies in patients with essential
      hypertension.
AB  - Vascularization and morphology of carotid bodies in 100 necropsies of patients
      with essential hypertension in comparison with the 83 normotensives were studied.
      The statistically significant differences between the two groups were found. The
      carotid bodies of hypertensive subjects were vascularized by a lower number of
      arteries than those of the normotensives. This difference seems to be genetically
      determined. The mean combinated mass of carotid bodies of hypertensive subjects
      was higher than this of normotensive ones. The hyperplasia of the type I cells in
      carotid bodies of hypertensives was found. The subjects with a lower number of
      glomic arteries are more susceptible to disturbation of blood flow to the carotid
      body, overstimulation of carotid chemoreceptors and consequent hypertension. The
      results of study done may support the concept of the possible role of carotid
      body in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.

PMID- 3834758
TI  - [Derivatives of 1,1-dioxo-1,4,2-benzodithiazine. III. Synthesis and diuretic
      properties of 3-(R,R1-phenyl)amino-6-chloro-7-methyl-1,1-dioxo-1,4,2-benzodithiaz
      ine s].

PMID- 3834759
TI  - [Search for compounds with dopaminergic action. II. Synthesis of various
      derivatives of 6-aminomethyl-1,4-benzodioxane].

PMID- 3834760
TI  - [Synthesis of propenol and pentanediol derivatives].

PMID- 3834761
TI  - [Derivatives of 1,1-dioxo-1,4,2-benzodithiazine. V. Synthesis and diuretic
      properties of various derivatives of 3-phenylamino-7-carboxy-1,1-dioxo-1,4,2
      benzodithiazine].

PMID- 3834762
TI  - [The search for anticholinergic drugs. XLIV. Synthesis of derivatives of 1
      adamantane-carboxylic acid].

PMID- 3834763
TI  - [Synthesis of derivatives of perhydroazepine, perhydro-1,5-oxazocine, morpholine
      and piperazine containing 3-(isopropylamino)-propan-2-ol group--compounds with
      potential effect on the circulatory system and central nervous system].

PMID- 3834764
TI  - [Synthesis and pharmacological studies of derivatives of 5- and 7-(O
      hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-diazepins].

PMID- 3834765
TI  - [Determining the serum level of chlorpromazine by high-performance liquid
      chromatography].

PMID- 3834766
TI  - [Effect on the central nervous system and circulatory system of new derivatives
      of perhydroazepine, perhydro-1,5-oxazocine, morpholine and piperazine containing
      a pharmacophoric 3-(isopropylamino)-propan-2-ol group].

PMID- 3834767
TI  - [Microbial inhibitors of hydrolases--the isolation and study of their
      properties].

PMID- 3834768
TI  - [A method of determining polyether antibiotics].

PMID- 3834769
TI  - [Changes in the activity of Krebs cycle enzymes in an Aspergillus niger strain
      during the biosynthesis of citric acid].

PMID- 3834770
TI  - [Antiviral action of fractions isolated from propolis].

PMID- 3834771
TI  - A 3H-thymidine autoradiographic study of the development of the cerebellum of the
      White Leghorn (Gallus domesticus): "evidence for longitudinal neuroblast
      generation patterns".
AB  - Dynamic aspects of the development of the cerebellum of the white Leghorn (Gallus
      domesticus) were examined using 3H-thymidine autoradiography. A single dose of 25
      microCi 3H-thymidine was given to embryos varying in age from 0-18 days. The
      embryos were all studied before hatching, either after short or after long
      survival times. It appeared that the superficial part of the outer mantle layer
      (OML-s, or called external granular layer, egl) is histologically present at day
      6, but starts its activity as a secondary matrix at day 7, probably due to
      activation by a secondary influx of cells from the ventricular neuro-epithelium.
      It was also demonstrated that Purkinje cells and cells of the central cerebellar
      nuclei are produced by the ventricular neuro-epithelium mainly at days 3, 4 and
      5. No birth of these cells was observed beyond day 5. In addition, a relationship
      was found between the birth patterns of Purkinje cells and cells of the central
      cerebellar nuclei and the longitudinal cytoarchitectonic patterns as observed in
      normal Nissl stained material. It was concluded that these birth patterns are an
      early contribution to the establishment of the longitudinal organization of the
      cerebellum.

PMID- 3834772
TI  - Retroperitoneal paraganglia and the peripheral autonomic nervous system in the
      human fetus.
AB  - By means of the AChE in toto staining method retroperitoneal paraganglia and the
      peripheral autonomic nervous system in human fetuses have been investigated. Many
      small retroperitoneal paraganglia are present near the sympathetic trunks close
      to the sympathetic trunk ganglia. In the thoracic region small paraganglia are
      present in the intercostal spaces. Small splanchnic nerves entering small
      paraganglia have been described. In the lower sacral region no paraganglia are
      present. The major splanchnic nerve arises at various levels from the sympathetic
      trunks as well as many smaller thoracic splanchnic nerves. Intermediate ganglia
      are present in the major splanchnic nerve, the smaller splanchnic nerves and the
      communicating rami. In the sympathetic trunks many ganglia are fused. In the
      human fetus there exists a large variability in number and diameter of the
      communicating rami. Interconnecting bundles of nerve fibers between the left and
      right sympathetic trunks are present at all levels, but most numerous at the
      sacral level.

PMID- 3834773
TI  - Changes in acid phosphatase activity in developing neurons. Intrinsic or
      extrinsic property?

PMID- 3834774
TI  - The development of the peripheral autonomic nervous system in relation to the
      gastro-intestinal tract.
AB  - In this study the development of vagus nerves and the development of sympathetic
      nerves related to the development of the upper gastro-intestinal tract was
      studied in the rat from 12.5 days p.c. until birth by means of enzyme
      histochemical methods applied to sections and toto preparations. A striking time
      relation between the ingrowth of the vagus nerves as well as the sympathetic
      nerves and the appearance of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive cells in the
      wall of the upper gastro-intestinal tract is established. The maturation of the
      upper enteric ganglion cells is dependent on the presence of a vagal influence.
      The vagal ingrowth of the stomach starts at about day 12.5 p.c. In AChE toto
      preparations it is established that the basic distribution pattern as described
      in the adult rat is complete at day 15 p.c. However, in contrast with the adult
      state, gastric branches can be traced up to the pylorus and the greater curvature
      until day 18 p.c. During the 18th day p.c. there is a tremendous increase in the
      surface area of the stomach. This increase in surface area of the gastric wall
      and relative decrease in vagal outgrowth leads to the adult configuration of
      vagal ramifications in relation to the wall of the stomach which can already be
      observed on the 19th day p.c.

PMID- 3834775
TI  - An HRP study of the central connections of the facial nerve in the mallard (Anas
      platyrhynchos L.).
AB  - The location of several facialis innervated muscles has been determined by
      injecting individual muscles with horseradish peroxidase. The depressors of the
      lower jaw are represented in the dorsal facial motor nucleus and the tongue
      retractor muscles in the intermediate facial motor nucleus. HRP was also directly
      applied to the rostral and caudal branch of the facial nerve. The afferent
      connections are described including two small projections to the principal
      sensory nucleus and n. interpolaris which were not found in birds before.

PMID- 3834776
TI  - Development of the nervous system. Proceedings of a workshop held during the
      Congress of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Histochemie, Maastricht (The
      Netherlands), 26th-30th September 1984.

PMID- 3834777
TI  - Induction of an additional floor plate in the neural tube.
AB  - The role of the notochord in the morphogenesis of the neural tube was
      investigated by implanting a notochord fragment laterally to the neural wall of a
      1.5 day chick embryo. Embryos were sacrificed at 4 days. In the basal part of the
      neural tube an additional floor plate was induced in the vicinity of the implant.
      This floor plate was characterized by a low proliferative activity, a thin wall,
      spindle-like nuclei crowded peripherally and some neuroblast-like cells. It was
      either blending with the natural floor plate or separated from it, depending on
      the exact position of the implant. In the latter case neuroblasts were observed
      in between both floor plates. The additional floor plate was present only when
      the implanted notochord was less than 25 micron apart from the neural tube; at
      larger distance an increase of the ventral horn neuroblast area could be seen. It
      is concluded that the implanted notochord is able to induce a floor plate at 1.5
      days of incubation. The specific influence of the notochord on the morphogenesis
      of the neural tube, its inductive period as well as the presence of the
      neuroblast-like cells in the additional floor plate are discussed.

PMID- 3834778
TI  - The neural crest in presomite to 40-somite murine embryos.
AB  - The production of cells by the neural crest is studied light-microscopically in
      10 microns and 1 micron serially sectioned mouse and rat embryos, ranging in age
      from presomite to 40-somite stages. In the head region, mesectoderm formation
      starts in a pre-neural plate stage. It continues to the 20-somite stage. This
      implies that the contribution of the neural crest to the head mesoderm must be
      considerable. In the trunk, the neural crest only produces cells after adhesion
      of the neural walls. Mesectoderm formation continues for a long time, slowly
      retreating in a caudal direction. At the 40-somite stage, mesectoderm formation
      still occurs in the most caudal part of the trunk. Compared to the head, the
      contribution of the neural crest in the trunk seems to be less important than
      that of the primitive streak.

PMID- 3834779
TI  - [Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (N.M.S.). Presentation of a case treated with
      dantrolene].

PMID- 3834780
TI  - [Psychopharmacology of pain].

PMID- 3834781
TI  - [The disease of drug dependence].

PMID- 3834782
TI  - [The dexamethasone suppression test and manic disorder].

PMID- 3834783
TI  - [Biological basis of suicidal behavior].

PMID- 3834784
TI  - [Attitudes towards mental disorders among the families of schizophrenics].

PMID- 3834785
TI  - [Concerning the scientific nature of analytic therapies and the dangers that loom
      over them].

PMID- 3834786
TI  - Anisotropic thermal motion and polypeptide secondary structure studied by X-ray
      analysis at 0.98A resolution.
AB  - aPP is a 36-amino acid polypeptide which forms a stable globular structure
      stabilised by hydrophobic interactions between a polyproline-like helix and an
      alpha-helix. Crystals contain dimers and are crosslinked by coordination through
      zinc ions leading to a well-ordered lattice which diffracts X-rays to a
      resolution of 0.98A. This gives a 5:1 ratio of observations-to-parameters even
      when anisotropic thermal ellipsoids defined by six parameters for each non
      hydrogen atom were refined using least-squares techniques. Rigid body refinement
      of groups within the polypeptide was also undertaken. The relationship of the
      principal axes of individual thermal ellipsoids and the librations of rigid side
      groups to features of secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of aPP and
      its interactions with water molecules are described.

PMID- 3834787
TI  - Molecular mechanisms for the recognition of damaged DNA regions by peptides and
      proteins.
AB  - DNA damages can lead to drastic perturbations of living cell cycle (e.g., in
      carcinogenesis) by inducing mutations in the genetic information. Therefore DNA
      repair processes play an important role during cell life by eliminating DNA
      damages before mutation fixation. Different repair processes are briefly
      presented in this review. Two probes were used to provide information on the
      mechanisms involved in the specific recognition of damaged DNA by proteins and
      enzymes of the DNA repair machinery. It will be shown that a simple tripeptide
      Lys-Trp-Lys is able to mimic two repair systems, namely, the photosensitized
      splitting of pyrimidine dimers and the cleavage of phosphodiester bonds at
      apurinic sites.

PMID- 3834788
TI  - Mechanisms of stimulus-response coupling in platelets. London, 26-27 September
      1984.

PMID- 3834789
TI  - Specific binding of [3H]-1-O-octadecyl Paf-acether to washed human platelets.
AB  - [3H]-Paf-acether binds to washed human platelets in a dose-dependent manner.
      Scatchard analysis reveals two distinct binding sites; a high affinity site with
      a KD value of 0.259 +/- 0.33 nM (245 +/- 30 sites per platelet) and a lower
      affinity site with a KD value of 9.22 +/- 1.17 nM (1616 +/- 165 sites per
      platelet). Association of 3H-Paf-acether to the high affinity receptor is rapid,
      being maximal within two minutes and remaining constant for at least twenty
      minutes. Dissociation from the low affinity receptor is also rapid (t1/2: less
      than 10s) whereas dissociation from the high affinity site is significantly
      slower (t1/2 : approximately 70s). [3H]-Paf-acether binding is inhibited by
      unlabelled (R)-C16-Paf (IC50: 0.08 +/- 0.01 nM) greater than (R)-C18-Paf (0.48 +/
      0.03 nM) greater than (RS)-C18-Paf (1.06 +/- 0.19 nM), but remains unchanged in
      the presence of lyso-C18-Paf at 3.0-300 nM. [3H]-Paf-acether binding and its
      inhibition by unlabelled (R)-C18-Paf-acether is independent of buffer Ca2+ within
      the range 0-5.0 mM.

PMID- 3834790
TI  - Phase II evaluation of maytansine (NSC 153858) in advanced cancer. A Southeastern
      Cancer Study Group trial.
AB  - Maytansine given in a 3-day course q3 weeks produced only five responses (3%) in
      163 evaluable adults with advanced cancer. The dose schedule employed is not
      recommended for further study.

PMID- 3834791
TI  - Dibromodulcitol (DBD), DTIC, and actinomycin-D in disseminated malignant
      melanoma. A phase I-II clinical trial.
AB  - Thirty-seven fully assessable patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were
      administered DTIC, actinomycin-D, and dibromodulcitol (DBD) on a q 3- to 4-week
      schedule. Doses of actinomycin-D and DTIC were 1.25 mg/m2 and 750 mg/m2,
      respectively, on day 1. DBD was progressively escalated in five dose levels in
      succeeding patients from an initial 90 mg/m2 daily, days 3-7, to a dose-limiting
      230 mg/m2. Two complete and nine partial responses were observed for an overall
      response rate of 30%. Median duration of response was 18 weeks. Major toxicities
      observed were hematologic and gastrointestinal. Median survival of all patients
      was 30 weeks and did not differ significantly from our earlier trials of DTIC and
      actinomycin-D +/- chlorozotocin. Although the observed objective response rate
      was higher than our previous efforts in this disease, the addition of DBD failed
      to significantly impact on the survival of the entire treatment group. Further
      investigation of this chemotherapy combination does not appear warranted.

PMID- 3834792
TI  - A phase I trial of recombinant leukocyte alpha 2 interferon in patients with
      advanced malignancy.
AB  - Seventeen patients with advanced, previously treated malignancies were entered
      into a phase I trial utilizing recombinant DNA produced alpha 2 leukocyte
      interferon (rIFN-alpha 2). Sixteen patients were evaluable. Patients were to
      receive rIFN-alpha 2 by either the I.V. or I.M. route for 35 consecutive days.
      The dosage was identical by both routes, and patients were escalated from 3 X
      10(6) to 10 X 10(6) to 30 X 10(6) to 50 X 10(6) and to 100 X 10(6) I.U. every 7
      days. No patient was able to tolerate the consecutive treatment protocol as
      planned. Dose-limiting toxicity was a flu-like syndrome in 10 patients and was
      usually associated with a fall in performance status. Confusion resulted in study
      withdrawal for five patients, four receiving rIFN-alpha 2 by the I.M. route.
      Hematologic and liver function abnormalities were common, usually transient, and
      not associated with clinical sequelae. One patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
      showed substantial improvement; otherwise, all had stable or progressive disease.
      Pharmacologic studies indicated substantial serum levels at doses greater than or
      equal to 10 X 10(6) I.U. regardless of route. No consistent changes in NK
      activity, lymphocyte subpopulations, or immunoglobulin levels were noted, and no
      patient developed antibodies to rIFN-alpha 2. The dose and schedule used here
      indicate that high levels of serum rIFN-alpha 2 activity are obtainable by either
      the I.M. or I.V. route. Intermittent rather than daily dosage is more likely to
      be better tolerated and should be considered for phase II trials.

PMID- 3834793
TI  - Vaccine delivery in developing countries.

PMID- 3834794
TI  - Brazilian Leishmania stocks phenotypically similar to Leishmania major.
AB  - Screening by enzyme electrophoresis of isolates of New World Leishmania from
      different geographic areas revealed a number of stocks with enzyme profiles
      different from those produced by reference strains of described subspecies of L.
      mexicana, L. braziliensis, and L. donovani. Analysis by six enzymes (aspartate
      aminotransferase; alanine aminotransferase; malate dehydrogenase; glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase; phosphoglucomutase; and glucose-phosphate isomerase)
      showed that these stocks have identical enzyme profiles and form a distinct
      zymodeme grouping. These observations were confirmed using the technique of
      schizodeme analysis and by comparing the k-DNA fingerprints produced by the
      restriction enzymes MspI, BspRI and AluI. The stocks were further analyzed by
      monoclonal antibodies and did not react with any of a large panel of L. mexicana,
      L. braziliensis, and L. donovani species- and/or subspecies-specific monoclonal
      antibodies using either an indirect radioimmune binding assay or
      immunofluorescence. These stocks did, however, react with a panel of monoclonal
      antibodies specific for L. major (formerly L. tropica major). Furthermore, the
      stocks could not be differentiated from L. major reference strains by enzyme
      electrophoresis nor could they be distinguished qualitatively from L. major based
      on their reactivity patterns using 10 Old World cutaneous species- and subspecies
      specific monoclonal antibodies. Kinetoplast DNA restriction enzyme profiles,
      however, were different between these stocks and L. major reference strains. The
      implications of these results are discussed including the existence of other L.
      major-like stocks currently misidentified or uncharacterized.

PMID- 3834795
TI  - Adoptive transfer of vaccine-induced resistance to Leishmania donovani.
AB  - BALB/c mice were immunized with three subcutaneous injections combining killed
      parasites and glucan, or were untreated. Spleen cells were transferred to
      syngeneic recipients. Mice which received 5 X 10(8) spleen cells from vaccinated
      donors demonstrated significant protection against Leishmania donovani challenge
      as compared to untreated mice receiving immune sera, or mice which received
      untreated spleen cells.

PMID- 3834796
TI  - Induction of immunity in mice to Fasciola hepatica with a Fasciola/Schistosoma
      cross-reactive defined immunity antigen.
AB  - The paradox of schistosomiasis is that infection confers immunity to its host,
      yet immunization with subcellular antigens of the parasite does not, in general,
      induce protective immunity. Infection or immunization with subcellular antigens
      of Fasciola hepatica confers high levels of immunity to a challenge infection
      with another trematode, Schistosoma mansoni. We have isolated by antibody
      affinity chromatography a Fasciola hepatica/Schistoma mansoni cross-reactive
      antigen, designated FhSmIII(M), and also have shown that this antigen confers
      immunity in mice to a challenge infection with S. mansoni. This antigen was
      compared with a crude F. hepatica worm extract (FhWWE) as to its ability to
      induce an IgG antibody response in mice, and to determine whether it had a
      protective effect in mice to a challenge infection with F. hepatica
      metacercariae. Mice immunized with FhSmIII(M) or FhWWE, and subsequently infected
      with F. hepatica, developed higher IgG antibody levels to FhSmIII(M), as measured
      by ELISA, than F. hepatica-infected controls. Mice immunized with FhWWE did not
      develop significant levels of resistance to challenge with F. hepatica
      metacercariae. Mice immunized with FhSmIII(M) and infected with F. hepatica
      metacercariae developed 69%-78% less worms than controls. An F. hepatica/S.
      mansoni cross-reactive, cross-protective defined immunity antigen confers in mice
      significant levels of protection to a challenge infection with F. hepatica.

PMID- 3834797
TI  - Brugia malayi: vaccination of jirds with 60cobalt-attenuated infective stage
      larvae protects against homologous challenge.
AB  - Vaccination of inbred jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) with 60cobalt radiation
      attenuated Brugia malayi infective stage larvae (L3) protected against homologous
      challenge given either subcutaneously (sc) or by the intraperitoneal (ip) route.
      Groups of jirds vaccinated once sc with 75, 15 Krad L3 showed from 69% to 91%
      reduction in recovered worms after ip challenge infection compared to infection
      in non-vaccinated control jirds, while 75% reduction in mean worm burden was seen
      in jirds receiving sc challenge infection. A single sc vaccination with 75, 10 or
      20 Krad L3 produced no protection (10 Krad) and 64% reduction in recovered worms
      (20 Krad). Therefore the 15 Krad dose appeared to be best. A marked increase in
      anti-B. malayi antibody in vaccinated jirds was seen (by ELISA) immediately after
      challenge infection and an immunofluorescence assay showed that L3 incubated in
      serum from vaccinated jirds were completely and uniformly covered with specific
      antibody. Eosinophil-rich granulomas containing dead and moribund L3 were
      recovered from vaccinated jirds. This model of protective immunity in a Brugia
      susceptible small rodent may provide a useful system for identification of
      molecularly defined filarial-protective immunogens.

PMID- 3834799
TI  - Pulmonary dirofilariasis in a Costa Rican man.
AB  - In a 33-year-old male Costa Rican who died of undetermined cause 2 hours after
      admission to hospital, autopsy revealed a small female Dirofilaria causing a
      recent hemorrhagic infarct unlike the pale coin lesion usually seen in pulmonary
      dirofilariasis.

PMID- 3834798
TI  - Zoonotic subcutaneous filaria of undetermined classification.
AB  - A necrotic adult male filaria was found in sections of a dense, fibrous,
      subcutaneous nodule excised from below the breast of a 61-year-old woman,
      resident of Mie Prefecture in Honshu, Japan. Owing to its necrotic condition, and
      to a lack of essential knowledge of the comparative micro-anatomy of filarial
      worms, a differentiation between Dirofilaria and Dipetalonema species, or member
      of a related group, was not possible.

PMID- 3834800
TI  - The onchocercal nodule: interrelationship of adult worms and blood vessels.
AB  - This study of onchocercal nodules reveals an intimate relationship between the
      cuticle of Onchocerca volvulus and the capillaries of the host. Perfusion of
      blood vessels with India ink and other special techniques reveal a proliferation
      of capillaries around the worms and communication between small vessels and the
      spaces around the worms. The space around the worm is continuous with the central
      fibrin lake. These findings, together with the fact that the worm's gut contains
      hemosiderin, suggest that the worm subverts the vascular reaction and causes
      within the nodule a controlled hemorrhage that serves the worm's nutritional
      needs. We believe this explains, in part, how worms survive in fibrous nodules
      for many years.

PMID- 3834801
TI  - Chronic Chagas' disease in the mouse: contractile response of the isolated
      myocardium.
AB  - The effects of different pharmacological agents on the isometric developed
      tension (IDT) of right ventricles isolated from chronic chagasic C3HS mice were
      studied. The IDT in ventricles of chagasic animals was lower than in ventricles
      of normal mice (P less than 0.01). Chagasic ventricles exhibited hyperreactivity
      to norepinephrine but not to epinephrine. This hyperreactivity was masked by
      propranolol and not by dibenamine. Acetylcholine produced a reduction of IDT to
      similar values in normal and chagasic myocardia. The possibility that the effect
      of the drugs tested might not result from specially beta adrenoceptor-mediated
      reactions, but from alterations at other cellular sites is discussed.

PMID- 3834802
TI  - Isolation and characterization of hemorrhagic toxin g from the venom of Crotalus
      atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake).
AB  - Hemorrhagic toxin g (HT-g) was isolated from Crotalus atrox (western diamondback
      rattlesnake) venom using a five-step purification procedure to obtain
      approximately equal to 5.9 mg of purified HT-g from 2.0 g of crude venom. The
      purified toxin was homogeneous by disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel at
      pH 8.3 and 4.3, and by isoelectric focusing. HT-g possessed lethal, hemorrhagic
      and proteolytic activities. These activities of toxin were inhibited by
      ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), 1,10-phenanthroline or ethyleneglycol
      (beta-amino-ethyl) N,N,N',N'-tetracetic acid (EGTA), but not by cysteine or
      soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI). Its molecular weight was approximately 60,000
      and the isoelectric point was 6.8. The toxin contains 516 amino acid residues. HT
      g did not coagulate fibrinogen to fibrin; however, the toxin hydrolysed the A
      alpha-chain or B beta-chain of fibrinogen without cleaving the gamma-chain. HT-g
      produced only local hemorrhage in internal organs such as the intestine, heart
      and liver.

PMID- 3834803
TI  - Effect of extrinsic incubation temperature on the ability of Aedes taeniorhynchus
      and Culex pipiens to transmit Rift Valley fever virus.
AB  - Studies were conducted to examine the effects of extrinsic incubation (EI)
      temperature on the vector competence of Egyptian Culex pipiens and North American
      Aedes taeniorhynchus for Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus. Following per os
      exposure, infection rates in Ae. taeniorhynchus remained relatively constant at
      55%, 56%, and 59% for mosquitoes held at EI temperatures of 13, 26, and 33
      degrees C, respectively. In contrast, significantly fewer Cx. pipiens became
      infected when held at 13 degrees C (38%), than when held at 26 degrees C (75%) or
      33 degrees C (91%). In both species, viral dissemination and transmission
      occurred earlier in mosquitoes held at high temperatures as compared to those
      held at low temperatures. Following EI at 26 or 33 degrees C, Cx. pipiens were
      able to transmit virus as early as 1 day after inoculation with RVF virus.
      However, 3 days were required before the first transmissions by inoculated Ae.
      taeniorhynchus. Temperature of EI affected these 2 species differently in their
      ability to transmit RVF virus. Because of the importance of EI temperature on
      infection and transmission rates, as well the length of the EI period, the role
      of EI temperature will need to be evaluated for each virus and vector pair.

PMID- 3834804
TI  - Oral infection of Aedes aegypti with yellow fever virus: geographic variation and
      genetic considerations.
AB  - Twenty-eight populations representing a worldwide distribution of Aedes aegypti
      were tested for their ability to become orally infected with yellow fever virus
      (YFV). Populations had been analyzed for genetic variations at 11 isozyme loci
      and assigned to one of 8 genetic geographic groups of Ae. aegypti. Infection
      rates suggest that populations showing isozyme genetic relatedness also
      demonstrate similarity to oral infection rates with YFV. The findings support the
      hypothesis that genetic variation exists for oral susceptibility to YFV in Ae.
      aegypti.

PMID- 3834806
TI  - Round table on new approaches in oriented research on malaria parasites. Rome,
      November 29, 1984.

PMID- 3834805
TI  - Selection for susceptibility and refractoriness of Aedes aegypti to oral
      infection with yellow fever virus.
AB  - Artificial selection on strains of Aedes aegypti showing susceptibility and
      refractoriness to oral infection with yellow fever virus (YFV) suggests that
      there is a significant genetic component to this trait. Using a population with
      an average susceptibility of 15%, inbreeding of isofemale lines followed by
      individual selection produced susceptible (29% infected) and refractory (11%
      infected) lines. The difference between lines was largely apparent before
      individual selection, which failed to increase/decrease susceptibility
      significantly. The findings suggest that very few loci with a major bearing on
      the trait segregated genetic variation in the original population sample, and
      that non-genetic factors also play a major role in determining whether or not Ae.
      aegypti females become infected with YFV.

PMID- 3834807
TI  - [Principles of radiation protection in teletherapy installations].

PMID- 3834808
TI  - [Search for neurotoxins in algae and mussels collected during appearance of red
      tide on the Emilia Romagna coast in the summer of 1984].

PMID- 3834809
TI  - [Effects of uremic middle molecules on the activity of erythrocyte lactate
      dehydrogenase (LDH)].

PMID- 3834810
TI  - [Course on leptospirosis].

PMID- 3834811
TI  - Acid phosphatase as a marker of cellular damage. Characterization of two cell
      lines for toxicity studies.

PMID- 3834812
TI  - [Radiation protection in the management of radioactive waste generated by
      patients treated with radiopharmaceuticals].

PMID- 3834813
TI  - [Detection of diethylstilbestrol residues in bovine feces using HPTLC and GC-MS].

PMID- 3834814
TI  - [Changes in depressive symptomatology in Austria].
AB  - A study of psychopathological manifestations of depressive in-patients, treated
      in the Salzburg psychiatric clinic in the last ten years, showed a masked shift
      of symptoms. The shift is away from guilt-feelings as well as away from religious
      content to a more general moral one. Also noted was a definite increase in
      feelings on insufficiency and hypochondric ideas. A comparison with tendencies in
      the Maghreb areas, in which a shift from the masked-somatic symptoms toward guilt
      depression is reported, our results show here in Europe a renewed tendency of a
      shift from guilt-depression to hypochondric or anxiety-depression.

PMID- 3834815
TI  - [The Cotard syndrome in adolescents].

PMID- 3834816
TI  - [The morbidly jealous person as seen by Clerambault, Freud, Adler and others].

PMID- 3834817
TI  - [Outcome of paranoid psychoses. Follow-up study of 125 cases 23-37 years after
      the 1st hospitalization].

PMID- 3834818
TI  - [Twins and the relation to functional psychoses].

PMID- 3834819
TI  - [Plasma monitoring of haloperidol. Correlation with clinical efficacy and plasma
      prolactin levels].

PMID- 3834820
TI  - [The adult psychiatrist and the caring capacity of parents].

PMID- 3834821
TI  - [The C.P.R.S.: comparison with other general evaluation scales in
      psychopathology].

PMID- 3834822
TI  - [Neoplasms in gynecology: up-date of the role of lymphography].

PMID- 3834823
TI  - [Clinical aspects of acute pelvic inflammation: our experience in 118 cases].

PMID- 3834824
TI  - [Women and the family clinic: a difficult relationship].

PMID- 3834825
TI  - [Diagnosis of struma ovarii in a patient in treatment for thyroid carcinoma].

PMID- 3834826
TI  - [Normal development of the secondary sex characteristics in a case of 46,XY
      gonadal dysgenesis].

PMID- 3834827
TI  - Transfer of amphotericin B from gel state vesicles to mycoplasma cells: biphasic
      action on potassium transport and permeability.
AB  - The action of amphotericin B on the K+ permeability of Mycoplasma mycoides var.
      capri cells, containing either cholesterol or ergosterol in their membranes, was
      studied. When the drug, solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide, was added directly to
      the cell suspension, a slightly greater sensitivity to permeabilization was
      observed for ergosterol-containing cells, confirming the data reported in the
      literature. When amphotericin B bound to gel state phospholipid vesicles was
      added to the cell suspension, two effects on cholesterol-containing cells were
      observed. First, the K+ active transport rates increased; membrane
      permeabilization and K+ leakage were subsequently detected. For ergosterol
      containing cells these sequential events were observed only at amphotericin B
      concentrations below 10(-6) M. At higher concentrations only K+ leakage was
      observed. The second permeabilization effect varied with the amphotericin B
      concentration in different ways in the two types of cells. The permeabilization
      of ergosterol-containing membranes depended on the amphotericin B/phospholipid
      molar ratio, whereas the permeabilization of cholesterol-containing membranes did
      not. In general, the latter remained fairly constant when the total amphotericin
      B concentration in the medium varied.

PMID- 3834828
TI  - In vitro susceptibilities of Campylobacter-like organisms to twenty antimicrobial
      agents.
AB  - We determined MICs of 20 antimicrobial agents for 50 representative strains of
      four subgroups of Campylobacter-like organisms (CLOs) by agar dilution.
      Ampicillin, gentamicin, doxycycline, tetracycline, ceftriaxone, rifampin,
      spectinomycin, nalidixic acid, and chloramphenicol were active against all
      strains of CLOs. Most CLO strains (83%) were inhibited by 4 micrograms of
      sulfamethoxazole per ml and by 8 micrograms of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole per
      ml. Of type 1 strains, 28% were resistant to 8 micrograms of erythromycin per ml.
      In addition, cross resistance between erythromycin and clindamycin was always
      present. Type 1 strains exhibited a broad distribution of MICs of metronidazole
      and streptomycin, whereas all type 2 strains were uniformly susceptible to
      metronidazole and resistant to streptomycin. Unlike type 1 and 3 strains, type 2
      CLOs were susceptible to cephalothin and penicillin G and highly resistant to
      streptomycin. The type 3 strain was uniquely resistant to cefazolin. The majority
      of strains were not inhibited by cefoperazone; and all were resistant to
      trimethoprim. In contrast to Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter fetus subsp.
      fetus, all CLOs tested were susceptible to 0.5 microgram of rifampin per ml.

PMID- 3834829
TI  - Determination of pipemidic acid in plasma by normal-phase high-pressure liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - An improved high-pressure liquid chromatography procedure for determining the
      concentration of pipemidic acid in human plasma was developed, which uses a
      normal-phase silica gel column and aqueous mobile solvent system similar to that
      used in reverse-phase chromatography. Precolumn derivatization of pipemidic acid
      was achieved by a methylation reaction with boron trifluoride in methanol after
      extraction from plasma with chloroform containing 4% ethanol. The percent
      recovery of pipemidic acid was 88.3 +/- 7.7, the variation of which became
      negligible when quinacrine was used as an internal standard for the
      determination. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis was performed by
      conventional silica gel and mobile solvent mixtures containing 3% of 0.14% HClO4
      solution, 19% methanol, and 78% chloroform. The UV detector was set at 265 nm.
      The detection limit of pipemidic acid methyl ester was as low as 10 ng of the
      injection amounts or 0.5 micrograms of the plasma per ml, with 0.01 absorbance
      units (full scale) and a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.

PMID- 3834830
TI  - Use of adjuvants for enhancement of rectal absorption of cefoxitin in humans.
AB  - The biological availability of cefoxitin administered rectally in the form of
      suppositories was examined in six human subjects by a cross-over design. Four
      different suppository systems containing adjuvants expected to enhance the
      absorption of the drug were studied. The presence of sodium salicylate and a
      nonionic surface-active agent, Brij 35, gave increased bioavailability as high as
      20% compared with 3% for a system without adjuvants. The quantity of sodium
      salicylate was found to have an influence on the quantity of cefoxitin absorbed,
      and the salicylate was absorbed over an extended period of time from the rectum.
      The suppositories were well tolerated, and there were no adverse effects on bowel
      flora.

PMID- 3834832
TI  - Evaluation of aztreonam in the treatment of severe bacterial infections.
AB  - We investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of aztreonam in the treatment of
      50 episodes of infection in 46 adult patients. The clinical condition of patients
      at the beginning of treatment was critical or poor in 28 of the episodes of
      infection. Episodes treated were 39 urinary tract infections (12 of them with
      concomitant bacteremia), 2 soft tissue infections, 8 patients with osteomyelitis
      (1 with concomitant bacteremia), and one episode of pneumonia. Significant
      isolated microorganisms were aerobic or facultative gram-negative rods and were
      responsible for the following episodes of infection (number of episodes): members
      of the family Enterobacteriaceae (49), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5), and
      Haemophilus influenzae (1). The overall rate of clinical response to aztreonam
      was 94% of the treated episodes. Colonization or superinfection or both occurred
      in 29 episodes, but only 8 episodes required antimicrobial therapy. Aztreonam
      seems to be an effective single agent therapy for many bacterial infections.
      Colonization and superinfection by Candida sp., Streptococcus faecalis or
      Staphylococcus aureus must be monitored.

PMID- 3834831
TI  - Comparative single-dose pharmacokinetics of amantadine hydrochloride and
      rimantadine hydrochloride in young and elderly adults.
AB  - The single-dose pharmacokinetics of amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine
      hydrochloride were compared in a randomized, two-period, crossover study
      involving six young (less than or equal to 35 years) and six elderly (less than
      or equal to 60 years) adults. Subjects ingested single 200-mg oral doses after an
      overnight fast, and serial plasma (0 to 96 h), nasal mucus (0 to 8 h), and urine
      (0 to 24 h) samples were collected for assay of drug concentration by electron
      capture gas chromatography. For both groups combined, rimantadine differed
      significantly from amantadine in peak plasma concentration (mean +/- standard
      deviation, 0.25 +/- 0.06 versus 0.65 +/- 0.22 micrograms/ml), plasma elimination
      half-life (36.5 +/- 15 versus 16.7 +/- 7.7 h), and percentage of administered
      dose excreted unchanged in urine (0.6 +/- 0.8 versus 45.7 +/- 15.7%). No
      significant age-related differences were noted for rimantadine. Urinary excretion
      (0 to 24 h) of rimantadine and its hydroxylated metabolites averaged 19% of the
      administered dose. The maximum nasal mucus drug concentration was similar for
      both drugs (0.42 +/- 0.25 versus 0.45 +/- 0.32 micrograms/g), and the ratio of
      maximum nasal mucus to plasma concentration was over twofold higher after
      rimantadine than after amantadine. These findings may in part explain the
      clinical effectiveness of rimantadine in influenza A virus infections at dosages
      that have lower toxicity than those of amantadine.

PMID- 3834833
TI  - In vitro interaction of aminoglycosides with beta-lactam penicillins.
AB  - The aminoglycosides are used clinically in combination with beta-lactam
      antibiotics. The combined use, however, produces an interaction and inactivation
      of the antibiotics. A study was designed to investigate the kinetics of the
      interaction in vitro. Four concentrations of aminoglycosides (5 to 20 micrograms
      of gentamicin and tobramycin per ml) and penicillins (100 to 600 micrograms of
      carbenicillin and ticarcillin per ml) were incubated in plasma (3 days, 37
      degrees C). Samples taken at 12-h intervals were analyzed for both
      aminoglycosides (radioimmunoassay) and penicillin (high-pressure liquid
      chromatography). In controls, degradation of all four antibiotics were by first
      order reactions. In incubation mixtures of two antibiotics, the rate of loss of
      the aminoglycosides was greater than that in the controls, whereas the rate of
      loss of penicillins was not significantly increased. The loss of penicillins in
      incubation mixtures still appeared to be by first-order reactions. However,
      semilogarithmic plots of aminoglycoside concentrations were curvilinear,
      suggesting a second-order reaction. Aminoglycoside concentrations in incubation
      mixtures were fitted by computer to a model incorporating a second-order
      interaction between aminoglycosides and penicillins and the first-order loss of
      penicillin from the mixture. The interaction rate constant averaged 2.2 X 10(-4)
      (micrograms/ml h)-1 for interaction of both carbenicillin and ticarcillin with
      gentamicin and 1.6 X 10(-4) (micrograms/ml h)-1 for interaction of the
      penicillins with tobramycin. The effect of the interaction in vivo was examined
      by computer simulation using the kinetic parameters determined in vitro.

PMID- 3834834
TI  - In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of lichen metabolites as
      potential preservatives.
AB  - Antimicrobial screening of several lichen species and subsequent isolation and
      structure elucidation of active compounds revealed that the hydrolysis products
      of certain lichen metabolites, i.e., depsides, were active against gram-negative
      bacteria and fungi as well as gram-positive bacteria. The active constituents
      isolated from Stereocaulon alpinum and Peltigera aphthosa were identified,
      respectively, as methyl beta-orsellinate and a mixture of methyl and ethyl
      orsellinates. MIC determinations indicated that activity of these compounds was
      superior to that of the commonly used preservative agents methyl and propyl p
      hydroxybenzoates and was of the same order as that of chlorocresol.

PMID- 3834835
TI  - Moxalactam kinetics during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis after
      intraperitoneal administration.
AB  - Moxalactam kinetics during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was
      followed in eight patients after a single intraperitoneal dose of 1 g.
      Approximately 60% of the dose was absorbed after a dwell time of 4 h. Dialysis
      solutions were exchanged at 4-h intervals with an overnight dwell of 8 h. The
      mean (+/- standard deviation) elimination half-life was 13.2 +/- 2.9 h, and the
      mean apparent volume of distribution was 0.22 +/- 0.08 liters/kg. Mean total
      clearance was 11.5 +/- 2.4 ml/min, with a mean dialysis clearance of 2.3 +/- 0.5
      ml/min. The maximum concentration in plasma ranged from 24.5 to 54.1
      micrograms/ml. Moxalactam concentrations in the peritoneal dialysis fluid were
      above 80 micrograms/ml during the first exchange and above 2 micrograms/ml for a
      further three exchanges. A suggested intraperitoneal dose regimen for patients
      undergoing CAPD is 1 g initially, followed by 15 to 25% of the recommended dose
      for normal patients given at the same time intervals, or 30 to 50% of the
      recommended dose at twice the usual intervals. Moxalactam is suggested for
      initial treatment of peritonitis in CAPD patients who do not have ready access to
      the antibiotic of choice.

PMID- 3834836
TI  - Penetration of oral doxycycline into the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with
      latent or neurosyphilis.
AB  - Five patients with laboratory evidence of latent or neurosyphilis were treated
      orally with doxycycline (200 mg) twice a day for 21 days. After the seventh dose,
      the mean level of doxycycline in serum was 5.8 micrograms/ml, with a mean drug
      level in cerebrospinal fluid of 1.3 micrograms/ml. The mean penetration into
      cerebrospinal fluid was 26%. These preliminary findings suggest that doxycycline,
      administered orally at a dose of 200 mg twice a day, reaches a sufficient
      concentration in cerebrospinal fluid to be worthy of further evaluation as an
      alternative regimen to penicillin therapy for latent or neurosyphilis.

PMID- 3834837
TI  - Norfloxacin penetration into human renal and prostatic tissues.
AB  - Concurrent norfloxacin concentrations in serum, kidney, and prostatic tissue were
      determined in 14 patients. Mean ratios of norfloxacin concentration in tissue
      over concentration in serum were 6.6 +/- 2.8 for the kidney and 1.7 +/- 0.2 for
      the prostate samples. The levels were above the MICs of most urinary pathogens.

PMID- 3834838
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibilities of food-isolated strains of Yersinia
      enterocolitica, Y. intermedia, Y. frederiksenii, and Y. kristensenii.
AB  - The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Yersinia enterocolitica and newly
      related species isolated from foods was examined. Only 4 of 375 isolates
      displayed resistance to non-ss-lactam antibiotics. MICs of ampicillin and
      carbenicillin determined by agar dilution with respect to 125 isolates showed the
      high susceptibility of Y. kristensenii and biovar 3 of Y. enterocolitica to
      carbenicillin (MIC for 90% of the strains, less than or equal to 8
      micrograms/ml).

PMID- 3834839
TI  - Emergence of trimethoprim resistance in fecal flora.
AB  - The emergence of trimethoprim (TMP) resistance in fecal flora was compared in
      patients with urinary tract infection treated with TMP or TMP-sulfamethoxazole.
      No significant differences were found in the occurrence of TMP-resistant fecal
      aerobic bacteria in the two treatment groups before and after treatment.

PMID- 3834840
TI  - Antibiotic resistance and serotypes of 100 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains
      isolated in a children's hospital in Barcelona, Spain.
AB  - A total of 100 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with various penicillin G
      susceptibilities, isolated in Barcelona, Spain, from different pediatric sources
      during 1983 and the first 4 months of 1984, were tested for susceptibility to
      tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, clindamycin, vancomycin, and
      rifampin. The isolates were distributed in nine patterns of antibiotic
      resistance, and 15 different serotypes were encountered. The high incidence of
      resistance to multiple antibiotics clearly indicates the need to perform
      antibiotic susceptibility testing of all pneumococcal isolates with proved
      pathologic significance to avoid therapeutic failure.

PMID- 3834841
TI  - Malaria chemoprophylaxis with chloroquine in young Nigerian children. II. Effect
      on the immune response to vaccination.
AB  - The immune response of 198 young Nigerian children protected against malaria by
      chemoprophylaxis with chloroquine to immunization with triple, poliomyelitis,
      measles, typhoid, meningococcal and BCG vaccines was compared with the immune
      response to vaccination of 185 control children. Good responses to triple,
      measles and BCG vaccines were shown by children in both groups; poorer responses
      were obtained to poliomyelitis, typhoid and meningococcal vaccines. The response
      to immunization of protected children was similar to that observed among control
      children for all the vaccines tested except for meningococcal polysaccharide
      vaccine. Protected children showed a significantly greater antibody response to
      both group A and group C meningococcal polysaccharides than control children.
      This finding supports the results of previous studies which have shown that the
      immune response to meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines is adversely affected
      both by acute malaria and by asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia.

PMID- 3834842
TI  - Malaria chemoprophylaxis with chloroquine in young Nigerian children. IV. Its
      effect on haematological measurements.
AB  - Haematological measurements were made in 198 Nigerian children aged three months
      to two years who received weekly malaria chemoprophylaxis with chloroquine from
      shortly after birth until the age of one or two years and in 185 age-matched
      control children. Children protected against malaria had a higher mean
      haemoglobin level and a higher packed cell volume than control children, and they
      showed fewer abnormalities of their red cells. Total and differential white blood
      cell counts, mean plasma folate and mean serum ferritin concentrations were
      similar in both groups of children. However, the geometric mean red cell folate
      level of children exposed to malaria was significantly higher than the mean level
      of control children; and it may be that malaria raises the red cell folate
      through intracellular synthesis by malaria parasites. Children with malaria
      parasitaemia had a significantly lower haemoglobin and packed cell volume and a
      significantly higher geometric mean red cell folate and ferritin level than
      children without parasitaemia. Serum ferritin is probably an unreliable index of
      iron status in children with malaria.

PMID- 3834843
TI  - Induction of protective immunity in cattle by tsetse-transmitted cloned isolates
      of Trypanosoma congolense.
AB  - Cattle infected with cyclically (tsetse)-transmitted clones of Trypanosoma
      congolense were treated with the trypanocidal drug diminazene aceturate
      ('Berenil') at various intervals during development of local skin reactions
      (chancres), in order to investigate the role played by trypanosomes in the skin
      in the induction of protective immunity. Cattle, treated on or before Day 12
      after infection and prior to detection of trypanosomes in the blood, showed a
      range of susceptibility to cyclically-transmitted homologous challenge three
      weeks later. An animal treated on Day 5, when the skin reaction was first
      detected, was completely susceptible, whereas of the animals treated on Days 10
      to 12 at the peak of the skin reaction, some were immune, others exhibited
      partial immunity, while the rest were susceptible. The susceptible animals,
      however, showed evidence of sensitization to trypanosomes, as demonstrated by
      development of Arthus-type reactions following homologous challenge with tsetse
      transmitted parasites or intradermal inoculation with lysed or irradiated
      homologous trypanosomes. Cattle treated 15 or more days after cyclically
      transmitted infection, when chancre reaction was subsiding and trypanosomes were
      present in the blood, were completely immune to challenge. Immunity was achieved
      by treating cattle on Day 5 and Day 10 after infection with cyclically
      transmitted trypanosomes but only if this procedure was repeated on several
      occasions, indicating that bloodstream forms of trypanosomes were not essential
      for the induction of protective immunity. Protective immunity appeared to be
      effective against the metacyclic trypanosomes at the level of the skin, as
      animals which were immune to homologous challenge with cyclically-transmitted
      parasites did not develop detectable skin reactions at the site of the tsetse
      bite. Furthermore, the time of the appearance in the serum of antibody which
      completely neutralized the metacyclic population (Day 15) coincided with the time
      at which cattle had developed immunity against homologous challenge. The immunity
      produced lasted for five months.

PMID- 3834844
TI  - Observations on the growth and population dynamics of Bulinus rohlfsi in an
      outdoor laboratory at Volta Lake, Ghana.
AB  - Two cohorts of Bulinus rohlfsi were reared separately in an outdoor laboratory at
      Volta Lake, Ghana. One group was kept in lake water with a mud substratum, the
      other in lake water without mud. Both cohorts were able to tolerate water
      temperatures ranging from 22.0 to 35.5 degrees C, but growth and survival were
      significantly greater for the cohort with mud. The overall intrinsic rate of
      natural increase, r, per fortnight was 1.096 for the snails having the mud
      substratum and 1.642 for the cohort not having it. The 'r' values were strongly
      influenced by high early fecundity of the snails in lake water only and low early
      fecundity of the snails with mud. Oviposition among the latter cohort was
      suppressed at times of high turbidity in the water above the mud substratum,
      caused primarily by suspended clay.

PMID- 3834845
TI  - Bertiella sp. infection in man in Saudi Arabia.
AB  - Tapeworm proglottids and eggs of Bertiella sp. were reported from the stools of a
      28-year-old Yemeni male worker in Saudi Arabia, who complained mainly of non
      specific gastro-enteritis. This appears to be the first report of an
      Anoplocephaline infection in man in Saudi Arabia. Niclosamide was effective in
      removing the parasites.

PMID- 3834846
TI  - The prevalence and epidemiology of cestodes in dogs in Clwyd, Wales. I. Farm
      dogs.
AB  - The results of a survey of 51 farms in Clwyd carried out between 1981 and 1983 to
      elucidate the prevalence and epidemiology of dog cestodes are reported. Taeniid
      species were obtained from 24 (17.1%) of the 140 dogs which purged. Taenia ovis
      and T. hydatigena appeared to depend largely on dogs scavenging from carcasses
      for the perpetuation of their life-cycles, whereas T. multiceps was found only in
      dogs on two farms where sheep heads formed the main diet of the dogs. Dog
      husbandry in relation to cestode epidemiology is discussed, and recommendations
      for control are made.

PMID- 3834847
TI  - The activity of plumbagin and other electron carriers against Leishmania donovani
      and Leishmania mexicana amazonensis.

PMID- 3834848
TI  - Improved in vitro determination of the viability of Taenia saginata embryos.

PMID- 3834849
TI  - Cysticercus tenuicollis of village sheep and goats in southwest Nigeria.

PMID- 3834850
TI  - [Physiological basis of fatigue].

PMID- 3834851
TI  - [Psychosomatic aspects of fatigue].

PMID- 3834852
TI  - [Fatigue in young children].

PMID- 3834853
TI  - [Fatigue in adolescents].

PMID- 3834854
TI  - [Fatigue in women].

PMID- 3834855
TI  - [Excitability cycle of the soleus motor nucleus during synergistic conditioning
      in man].
AB  - Electrical stimulation of medial or lateral gastrocnemius nerve modulates the H
      reflex of the soleus muscle in a well defined sequence of inhibitory and
      facilitatory phases the amplitude of which depends on the strength of the
      conditioning stimulus. This method of investigation of the soleus monosynaptic
      reflex pathway avoids the disadvantages of homonymous conditioning. Discussion of
      our results points to the roles of Ib and Renshaw cells inhibitions in the early
      phases of the recovery cycle, and to the roles of reafferents, disinhibition of
      Renshaw cells, presynaptic inhibition and muscarinic discharge of Renshaw cells
      for the late phases.

PMID- 3834856
TI  - [The quantities of dried venom collected from specimens of Vipera ammodytes L.,
      1758 (Reptilia, Viperidae) in captivity in Bulgaria].
AB  - Some researches have been made to obtain more data about quantities of dried
      venom collected from Vipera ammodytes L., 1758 in captivity. The minimal quantity
      of dried venom collected by exemplar is 9.7 mg to 36.4 mg and the maximal
      quantity is 49.0 mg to 90.3 mg. From 810 exemplars of V. ammodytes of Bulgaria
      and 9 months of investigations, 10597 samples were made, with a total of 298.164
      g of dried venom (average for animal: 28.14 mg).

PMID- 3834857
TI  - [Bacterial pollution of the lagoon of Tunis].
AB  - The authors present in this paper a study about the bacterian pollution of the
      lagoon of Tunis based on 120 samples collected in 10 different stations. This
      study points out that the lagoon is polluted (50.8% of the samples) mostly in
      autumn and in winter. The pollution is exogenous, chiefly caused by the rain
      spreading over polluted waters of wastes and of rivers, and also by the action of
      the winds and of the currents on the sediments hosting microbiological parameters
      of faecal pollution.

PMID- 3834858
TI  - [General data on the diet of Myliobatidae (Pisces, Selachii)].

PMID- 3834859
TI  - [Sexuality of selachian fishes].
AB  - The author presents in this paper some data of the sexuality of Selachian Fishes
      chiefly first size of sexual maturity and sexual dimorphism (size, morphology,
      ethology and others). This study is mostly based on species of Tunisian coasts.

PMID- 3834860
TI  - A new surgical procedure for the treatment of lumbar spinal canal stenosis
      especially recommendable for degenerative and combined stenosis.

PMID- 3834861
TI  - [Regional assessment of pathophysiological changes in acute cerebral ischemia:
      multiparametric histochemical study].

PMID- 3834863
TI  - [Experimental study on trigeminal evoked potentials in cats].

PMID- 3834862
TI  - [Correlation of in vitro clonogenic assay data with in vivo chemosensitivity of
      human rhabdomyosarcoma xenografts].

PMID- 3834864
TI  - [Serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on experimental brain edema in rats].

PMID- 3834865
TI  - [A microphotometric study on the nuclear DNA content in cells of human and
      experimental large intestinal carcinoma].

PMID- 3834866
TI  - Giant cell tumor of the distal end of the radius replaced by a free autogenous
      proximal fibular graft: long-term follow-up of two cases.

PMID- 3834867
TI  - Carcinoma of the cystic duct: a case report.

PMID- 3834868
TI  - A case of neurilemmoma originated from intercostal nerve.

PMID- 3834869
TI  - [Aplasia of the proximal middle cerebral artery associated with an aneurysm of
      the proximal anterior cerebral artery. Case report].

PMID- 3834870
TI  - Improved utilization of marine species of low commercial value through the
      elaboration of hydrolysates.
AB  - Although Mexico is a country with a great fishing potential, fish consumption
      remains very low. An important reason for this situation is the difficulty faced
      in regard to its preservation and distribution, a factor which notably increases
      the final price of the product. As is known, in some countries fish preservation
      is carried out through autolysis, using high concentrations of sodium chloride.
      This was the type of work carried out by us, in an effort to adapt the procedure
      to the species and conditions prevalent in Mexico. The raw material was selected
      according to its availability and cost. The selected species were mojarra
      (Archosargus unimaculatus) and sardine (Sardinops caerula). Three different fish
      to-salt ratios were tested (1.5:1, 4:1 and 6:1), with incubation periods ranging
      from 4 to 24 weeks, at both 20 to 23 degrees C, and 37 to 39 degrees C. Results
      indicated that a fish-to-salt ratio of 4:1, at a temperature of 37 degrees C and
      an incubation period of 12 weeks, represent the optimun conditions for obtaining
      a fish sauce which is acceptable in flavor, with a protein content of 12% per 100
      ml, and a storage life of at least 90 days. The recovery of the final product was
      22%, reaching 35% in a second extraction. Sensory evaluation tests were
      undertaken by adding the sauce to cooked unsalted rice. According to the results,
      there was a favorable acceptance of the final product. The price calculated for
      the elaboration of the sauce at the household or rural level was lower, as
      compared with the price of protein from meat or egg which is 3-to-4-fold higher.

PMID- 3834871
TI  - [Sensory evaluation and acceptability study, at the consumer level, of bread
      supplemented with sweet lupine flour].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of incorporating sweet
      lupine flour (SLF) to bread, upon the organoleptic characteristics and
      acceptability of the product. The substitution levels were 3, 6, 9 and 12%. The
      sensory evaluation test was done by 25 trained judges using the hedonic scaling
      method (9 to 1 scoring). Internal and external characteristics of appearance,
      color, aroma, texture, bitterness and flavor, as well as general acceptability,
      were measured. Sensory evaluation results of the external characteristics were
      significant at the 9 and 12% SLF levels for color (p less than 0.05) while the
      other parameters did not show significant differences. In regard to the internal
      characteristics, a significant difference for color was found at the 3% level of
      SLF (p less than 0.05); and at 6, 9 and 12% SLF levels, for appearance (p less
      than 0.05). The general acceptability was good at all the levels tested, with no
      significant differences among them. An acceptability study at the consumer level
      for 9% lupine flour bread was carried out in a group of 90 girls, aged 10-12
      years, during a 10-day period. The results showed a very good acceptability of
      the product (p less than 0.01). The results of this study indicate that the
      incorporation of 6% SLF to the bread, did not affect adversely its sensory
      properties. Moreover, the acceptability of bread containing up to 12% SLF was
      excellent.

PMID- 3834873
TI  - [Effect of the extrusion process on the functional characteristics and protein
      quality of quinua (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd)].
AB  - In order to have available a human food of high nutritive value, and conscious of
      the protein quality of the quinua, as well as its carbohydrate, vitamin and
      mineral content, its behavior during the extrusion process was tested in the
      present study. To eliminate saponins, a simple method was developed which
      consisted of washing the seeds through an aluminum container, using a wooden
      stirrer. Seven treatments were studied: washed quinua, washed and cooked quinua,
      washed and expanded quinua No. 1 and No. 2, and washed and texturized quinua No.
      1 and No. 2; casein was used as control. Biological evaluation trials were
      carried out in Holtzman rats, following the PER method. To detect the possible
      effects of the processed quinua on the experimental animals, hematological as
      well as histopathological studies of the vital organs were performed. A maximum
      PER of 2.43 was obtained for the texturized quinua, 2.16 for the expanded quinua,
      2.6 for the cooked quinua, while the casein control yielded a PER of 3.00. The
      physico-chemical characteristics of the quinua flour were determined, as well as
      those of the expanded and texturized products. The product obtained was subjected
      to an organoleptic trial and it can be stated that the results obtained were
      satisfactory. The product can be consumed directly without major modifications
      and has an acceptable flavor. The nutritive value of quinua was not impaired; it
      compared favorably with the best diets recommended for the population, especially
      of those with a lower income. The results obtained in the present study suggest
      the possibility of increasing the nutritional value of the product, as well as
      its acceptability.

PMID- 3834872
TI  - [Formulation and evaluation of the protein quality of a flour mixture of shark
      fillet by-products and shrimp heads].
AB  - A flour proposed as a protein source for chick feeding was evaluated. The flour
      consisted in a 1.00:1.15 dry mixture of by-products from shark filleting (dt) and
      shrimp by products (cc). It had a crude protein content of 55.66%, a Ca:P ratio
      of 5.76 and an essential amino acid pattern similar to that of fish meal and/or
      shark meat. Methionine proved to be the first limiting essential amino acid. The
      shark meat and the by-products from shark filleting had adequate levels of
      available lysine (from 337 to 383 mg/g N). The flour had a fineness modulus
      (F.M.) of 3.95, an average particle diameter of 0.0175 inches (0.444 mm) and a
      uniformity index of 1:5:4 (coarse:medium:fine parts). The flour was considered
      suitable for chick feeding. The protein quality of the flour mixture (dt-cc) was
      evaluated in rats using diets which contained 3, 6, 9 and 12% protein from the
      product, and determining the PER, NPR and NGI values. Diets containing similar
      protein levels prepared from dried shark meat flour, mixed with casein, were used
      as standards. The flour mixture (dt-cc) had a PER of 1.60, an NGIo of 2.46, an
      NGI of 2.49 and an apparent digestibility of 88.80%. These values proved to be
      significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than those found for the corresponding
      shark meat flour-casein standard diets. The above results are partially explained
      by the high mineral content, high Ca:P ratio and high Na and K of the dt-cc
      mixture, factors which could interfere with the utilization of the most limiting
      essential amino acids and other nutrients, as some vitamins, in these diets. The
      Kruskal-Wallis test of the feed efficiency (EA) data obtained in growing chicks
      revealed that there was a significant (p less than 0.05) difference between the
      EA values obtained with the dried shark meat-containing diets and the standard
      commercial diets (Purina and a diet based on a 1.6:1.0 soybean meal:cottonseed
      meal mixture). No significant differences were found between the dt-cc mixture
      containing diets and the commercial ones used as standard. The diet containing 6%
      shark meat flour was found to be the best based on the EA data. The diet with 12%
      of the dt-cc mixture gave similar EA values than all those containing shark meat
      flour; however, the greater nutritional-economic impact based on the EA data was
      found for the diets containing 3 and 6% of the dt-cc flour mixture.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3834874
TI  - [Selection of parameters for thermal treatment of soybeans by enzyme
      inactivation].
AB  - The effects of thermal treatment, dry heat and steam on the physiologically
      active substances: urease and trypsin inhibitors of soybean products, were
      evaluated by means of urease activity and trypsin inhibitor activity. The
      parameters time and temperature, moisture and particle size were considered. From
      these analyses it can be concluded that the best conditions to obtain optimum
      soybean products were 25% of initial moisture content, exposed to steam (97
      degrees C) during four to eight minutes.

PMID- 3834875
TI  - [Nutritional effect of pectin in swine during growth and before slaughter].
AB  - The nutritional effects that the addition of 2 and 4% of citrus pectin produce on
      the pig, was investigated. Forty pigs were divided into two treatments and fed
      with and without pectin during the growth and finishing period. Dorsal back-fat
      thickness was measured in all pigs before slaughtering (103 +/- 1.5 kg). The
      addition of 2% of pectin in the growth period (41 to 70 kg live weight) produce a
      decrease of 6 and 3% in the daily weight gain and the feed conversion rate,
      respectively. The addition of 4% of pectin in the finishing period (71 to 103 kg
      live weight) induced a highly significant (p less than 0.01) increase of 125 g
      (15%) in the daily weight gain and equal feed conversion rate as compared to the
      control treatment. The average thickness of back-fat in pigs subjected to the
      pectin treatment was 2 mm (8%) less than in those of the control group. In
      conclusion, we may report that the addition of pectin during the finishing period
      produces an increase in the daily weight gain rate without affecting feed
      conversion. Besides, it decreases the back-fat thickness.

PMID- 3834876
TI  - [Synopsis of the Seminar on Breast Feeding Promotion in Central America, Panama
      and the Dominican Republic. Isla Contadora, Panama, 1983].
AB  - The most recent and reliable information on the status of breast-feeding in
      Central America, Panama and the Dominican Republic indicates that during the last
      decades, in all of these countries there has been a decrease in the prevalence
      and duration of breast-feeding. In some of them, this situation would seem to be
      reverting. Considering the importance that breast-feeding has on children's
      health and nutrition, the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama
      (INCAP), organized a Regional Seminar on the Promotion of Breast-feeding, which
      was held in Contadora Island, Panama, in April, 1983. Based on the discussions of
      the working groups, sectoral and integrated recommendations were formulated for
      the purpose of promoting breast-feeding. This document contains specific
      recommendations for each of the sectors represented in the Seminar.

PMID- 3834877
TI  - [Amaranth, a further resource of enormous nutritional potential for Latin
      America].

PMID- 3834878
TI  - [Nutritive value of shellfish consumed in Chile].
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to determine the protein quality and
      digestibility of shellfish commonly consumed in Chile, and to estimate its
      contribution to the protein needs of the Chilean population. The shellfish
      studied were chorito (Mytilus edulis chilensis), macha (Mesodesma donacium), loco
      (Concholepas concholepas), cholga (Aulacomya ater), erizo (Loxechinus albus) and
      almeja (no specific variety). The NPU method was used to determine protein
      quality. The percentage of protein adequacy for adult rations was calculated
      according to FAO/WHO 1973. The contribution of shellfish to the protein
      availability according to the family income of the Santiago population, was also
      calculated. Most of the shellfish presented NPU values of about 70; the lowest
      values were found for loco (54.9) and macha (63.3). The apparent and true
      digestibility gave an average of 83.6 and 90.4, respectively. The percentage of
      protein adequacy of habitual rations ranged between 27% (erizo) and 58% (loco).
      The availability of shellfish protein in relation to total protein increased from
      0.4 to 2.5% when income increased. It is concluded therefore, that shellfish
      protein is, in general, of good quality. Nevertheless, it might be considered of
      poor influence insofar as fulfilling the protein needs of the population studied,
      whatever its socioeconomic level.

PMID- 3834879
TI  - [Evaluation of the adjusted amino acid score by digestibility for estimating the
      protein quality and protein available in food and diets].
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the amino acid score adjusted by
      digestibility to estimate protein quality and utilizable protein in foods and
      diets, considering net protein utilization (NPU) as a biological reference
      method. Ten foods of vegetable origin and ten of animal origin, as well as eight
      mixtures of foods of vegetable and animal origin were studied. When all the foods
      were considered, a positive (r = 0.83) and highly significant correlation (p less
      than 0.001) between NPU and the amino acid score adjusted by digestibility was
      found. When the foods were separated according to their origin, this correlation
      was positive only for the foods of vegetable origin (r = 0.93) and statistically
      significant (p less than 0.001). Also, only in those foods were similar values
      found between NPU and amino acid score adjusted by digestibility, as well as in
      utilizable protein estimated considering both methods. Caution is required to
      interpret protein quality and utilizable protein values of foods of animal origin
      and mixtures of foods of vegetable and animal origin when the amino acid score
      method adjusted by digestibility, or NPU, are utilized.

PMID- 3834880
TI  - Food production for home consumption: nature and function of gardens in household
      economies.

PMID- 3834881
TI  - Population studies on PLG group system in the Polish population.
AB  - Distribution of PLG types was studied in a sample of the Polish population
      numbering 230 subjects by the method of high-voltage agarose electrophoresis. Of
      three phenotypes encountered, PLG1, appeared with the frequency of 0.4870, PLG2-1
      with 0.4391 and PLG2 with 0.0739. Assuming the hypothesis of PLG controlled by 2
      alleles the frequencies of genotypes were calculated as follows: for PLG1 gene 
      0.71 and for PLG2 gene -0.29. PLG system in the Polish population was confirmed
      to be in a state of genetic equilibrium. The frequencies of PLG genes in the
      Polish population do not deviate from the frequencies encountered in other
      European populations.

PMID- 3834882
TI  - Natural killer (NK) activity in normal donors undergoing leukapheresis.
AB  - The effect of leukapheresis performed with intermittent flow blood separator on
      normal donors NK activity is presented. There was statistically significant
      decrease of NK activity immediately after leukapheresis (p less than 0.001) which
      did not return to predonation values 1 day after leukapheresis (p less than
      0.05), however, none of the donors values fell outside the normal range. It seems
      that NK cells are not as quickly replaced as T lymphocytes.

PMID- 3834883
TI  - The effect of thymectomy on immunological tolerance to human serum albumin in
      chickens.
AB  - The effect of thymectomy performed on the day of hatching has been studied in
      chickens rendered tolerant by 100 mg of HSA injected also on the day of hatching.
      After challenge at the age of 6 and 9 weeks, no significant difference was
      observed between the group of tolerant chickens, in which the thymectomy was
      complete or incomplete, and the non-operated tolerant one. The delayed recovery
      from tolerance observed in mammals was not seen even in chickens in which thymus
      was removed completely and no thymic residue remained. The anti-HSA antibodies
      were even slightly higher in thymectomized birds than in the non-operated ones
      but the difference was statistically non-significant.

PMID- 3834884
TI  - Production of immunoglobulins and alloantibodies by lymphocytes from lung cancer
      patients.
AB  - Spontaneous and PWM stimulated production of immunoglobulins (Igs) were measured
      in culture of lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood (PBL) of lung cancer
      patients, blood donors and patients with benign lung diseases. Culture
      supernatants were tested for antibody activity against lung cancer cells and
      normal cells and some of them were absorbed with normal lung cells and fetal
      liver cells. Igs levels and antibody activity in culture supernatants were
      measured by radioimmunometric assay. Significantly increased level of Igs in
      unstimulated culture of PBL and low index of PWM-stimulated production of Igs was
      found in lung cancer patients in contrast to the controls. Supernatants of PBL
      cultures from lung cancer patients had significant low antibody activity to lung
      cancer cells and were effectively absorbed by normal lung cells and fetal liver
      cells. The results suggest in vivo polyclonal activation of B cells in patients
      with lung cancer and simultaneously diminished production of alloantibodies with
      some features of natural antibodies following polyclonal activation in vitro.

PMID- 3834885
TI  - Regenerating rib cartilage tentatively used as a source of chondrocytes for
      transplantation.
AB  - In search for cartilage which could serve as a source of chondrocytes for
      autogeneic transplantation in mature individuals we studied the morphological
      appearance and digestibility of normal rib cartilage and regenerated cartilage
      formed after subperichondrial removal of the former in adult dogs. Cells
      liberated after collagenase digestion were transplanted intramuscularly to see
      whether they will reconstruct cartilage similarly as it happens after
      transplantation of fetal chondrocytes. Chondrocytes in normal rib cartilage were
      arranged in three zones and lay in large isogenous groups. Collagenase dissolved
      only the peripheral zone. Isolated cells did not reconstruct cartilage after
      transplantation. No distinct zones could be seen in regenerated cartilage.
      Chondrocytes lay singly or in pairs but were not numerous. Regenerated cartilage
      could be completely dissolved by collagenase, but the yield of cells was low
      owing to their low content in digested material. After transplantation
      chondrocytes from regenerated cartilage reconstructed cartilage in one out of ten
      transplants. The possibility of increasing the cellularity of regenerated
      cartilage by stimulation of the perichondrium with factors known to promote
      chondrocyte growth in vitro is discussed.

PMID- 3834886
TI  - Shark myoglobins. II. Isolation, characterization and amino acid sequence of
      myoglobin from Galeorhinus japonicus.
AB  - Native oxymyoglobin (MbO2) was isolated from red muscle of G. japonicus by
      chromatographic separation from metmyoglobin (metMb) on DEAE-cellulose and the
      amino acid sequence of the major chain was determined with the aid of sequence
      homology with that of G. australis. It was shown to differ in amino acid sequence
      from that of G. australis by 10 replacements, to be acetylated at the amino
      terminus and to contain glutamine at the distal (E7) residue. It was also shown
      to have a spectrum very similar to that of mammalian MbO2. However, the pH
      dependence for the autoxidation of MbO2 was seen to be quite different from that
      of sperm whale (Physeter catodon) MbO2. Although the sequence homology between
      sperm whale and G. japonicus myoglobins is about 40%, their hydropathy profiles
      were very similar, indicating that they have a similar geometry in their globin
      folding.

PMID- 3834887
TI  - Effects of zinc deficiency on the wool growth, skin and wool follicles of pre
      ruminant lambs.
AB  - Two groups of 1-month-old pre-ruminant lambs of similar mean liveweights were fed
      identical liquid milk-replacer diets except that the zinc contents were either 5
      micrograms (deficient diet) or 32 micrograms per gram of dry matter (control
      diet). These diets were fed for 4 weeks, after which all the lambs received the
      control diet for 2 weeks. In the lambs fed the deficient diet plasma zinc
      concentration decreased markedly during the first 2 weeks and skin lesions
      developed around their mouths. Autophagic vacuoles also developed in most
      follicle bulbs along with a variety of defects in the wool fibres and progressive
      inhibition of wool growth. Food intake and liveweight increase were not
      significantly depressed until the third and fourth weeks of feeding the deficient
      diet. During this period the wool was shed from the zinc-deficient lambs as a
      result of the fibres being degraded and distorted within thickened outer root
      sheaths in the distal (upper) parts of the follicles. In addition, the epidermis
      of the wool-bearing skin became slightly acanthotic and hyperkeratotic, although
      not parakeratotic. When the deficient lambs were fed the control diet for 2
      weeks, their food intake, liveweight gain and plasma zinc concentration increased
      to almost those of the control lambs, but their rate of wool growth was still low
      and the epidermis had not returned to normal. Compared with previous studies the
      findings of this study suggest that pre-ruminant lambs may be more susceptible to
      the effects of zinc deficiency than ruminant lambs.

PMID- 3834888
TI  - Provisional mapping of the gene for a cell surface marker, GA-1, in the red
      necked wallaby Macropus rufogriseus.
AB  - A series of M. rufogriseus-mouse somatic cell hybrids was constructed and
      analysed cytologically, enzymatically and immunologically. A monoclonal antibody,
      GA-1, was prepared against an M. rufogriseus cell surface antigen on an M.
      rufogriseus-mouse somatic cell hybrid. A gene determining the expression of this
      antigen was provisionally assigned to the long arm of the M. rufogriseus
      chromosome 3. The monoclonal antibody also reacted with an M. rufus (red
      kangaroo)-mouse somatic cell hybrid containing only the M. rufus chromosome 5,
      the G-banded chromosome identical to M. rufogriseus 3q. The results also suggest
      synteny of the genes for the marsupial enzymes hypoxanthine
      phosphoribosyltransferase and phosphoglycerate kinase-A.

PMID- 3834889
TI  - Flow cytometry and flow sorting of metaphase chromosomes from the dasyurid
      marsupial Dasyurus viverrinus.
AB  - Metaphase chromosomes (2n = 14) from D. viverrinus were analysed by flow
      cytometry and flow sorted into six homogeneous groups. Relative chromosomal DNA
      contents and distribution frequencies of the groups corresponded closely with
      values for the karyotype obtained by conventional methods.

PMID- 3834890
TI  - Effect on wool growth of thyroxine replacement in thyroidectomized merino rams.
AB  - The effect on wool growth of thyroidectomy with subsequent thyroxine replacement
      at subnormal and supranormal levels has been investigated in Merino rams fed a
      restricted basal diet. Thyroidectomy without thyroxine replacement caused a
      greater than 60% reduction in wool growth. Provision of 30% of normal plasma
      thyroxine concentrations was sufficient to return wool growth to normal.
      Similarly, complete replacement of plasma thyroxine levels gave normal wool
      growth while increasing thyroxine concentrations to three times normal increased
      wool growth to levels slightly above normal. These results provide a possible
      explanation for the inability of other workers to correlate seasonal thyroxine
      patterns and annual wool growth variations.

PMID- 3834892
TI  - Quantitative studies of compensatory testicular hypertrophy following unilateral
      castration in the boar.
AB  - Unilateral castration of Large White X Landrace boars at monthly intervals up to
      5 months of age, with the remaining testis being removed 2 months later, resulted
      in compensatory hypertrophy of the testis which decreased with age. In pigs 3 and
      4 months old there was significant hypertrophy of the testis but at 5 and 7
      months of age testicular weight of the hemicastrates did not differ significantly
      from control values. The increase in the testicular weight of unilaterally
      castrated pigs was correlated with an increase in the number of Sertoli and germ
      cells at 3 months of age and germ cells at 4 months of age occupying the
      seminiferous epithelium. This was correlated with increased total seminiferous
      tubule length and larger cross-sectional area of the tubule. Sertoli cell
      occupancy did not differ significantly between unilaterally castrated and intact
      boars.

PMID- 3834891
TI  - Influence of environmental factors on the metabolism of glucose by
      preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro.
AB  - The metabolism of glucose by late preimplantation mouse embryos was studied in a
      variety of media whose composition had been changed to reflect the environmental
      conditions in the uterus more closely than do standard culture media. The effects
      of combinations of energy substrates, the presence or absence of amino acids and
      the level of potassium in the medium were investigated. The use of energy
      substrates for in vitro culture at levels present in the uterine environment
      resulted in rates of synthesis and degradation of glycogen pools similar to those
      obtained using standard in vitro culture conditions but elevated incorporation
      into non-glycogen macromolecules. Amino acids influenced the metabolism of
      glucose by limiting the entry of glucose carbon into the non-glycogen
      macromolecular pool and directing more glucose into the synthesis of acid-soluble
      glycogen. Increasing the K+ concentration to 60 mM in the culture medium caused a
      small but significant increase in the number of eight-cell embryos degenerating
      during culture for 24 h but the metabolism of glucose was unaffected over this
      time. At the time of morula transformation to the blastocyst this level of
      potassium ions suppressed glycogen synthesis by 50% over 5 h but did not affect
      its turnover during chase culture. It is concluded that factors other than those
      studied here contribute to the maintenance of the low glycogen levels found in
      uterine embryos.

PMID- 3834893
TI  - The clinical significance of the tympanic isthmus related to the development of
      cholesteatoma.
AB  - The epitympanum is separated from the mesotympanum by the ossicles, tendons and
      tympanic mucosal folds except at two narrow openings, the anterior and posterior
      tympanic isthmuses. Using large numbers of fresh cadaver temporal bone specimens,
      anatomical boundaries of the tympanic isthmus were defined and pathological
      variations were investigated in relation to the development of aural
      cholesteatoma. A total of 170 temporal bone specimens were examined under the
      operating microscope. Five of these were found to have middle ear diseases, most
      of which were cholesteatoma or a preliminary state of cholesteatoma, with their
      tympanic isthmuses obstructed or narrowed. Pneumatization of the mastoid was
      inhibited in all of the pathological specimens. From the results of temporal bone
      dissection supplemented by analysis of surgical findings in cholesteatoma, we
      have divided acquired cholesteatoma into two types: the pars flaccida-type
      cholesteatoma (attic retraction-type) and the pars tensa type. The close
      relationship between the development of cholesteatoma and occlusion of the
      tympanic isthmus is examined herein.

PMID- 3834894
TI  - Iatrogenic ossicular injury in an autistic child.
AB  - A 5-year-old autistic child inserted a grain of oiled popcorn into his right ear
      canal. Forcible removal of the foreign body in an emergency room while the child
      was held down resulted in severe ossicular injury. This case well illustrates the
      danger in removing foreign bodies from the ear of a child without anesthesia. The
      danger becomes greater when the child is autistic. Ossicular injury, when it
      happens in such a case, may become quite severe. Treatment of an autistic child
      presents another difficult problem.

PMID- 3834895
TI  - A case of aural gnathostomiasis.
AB  - A young Thai woman was afflicted with aural gnathostomiasis. The only symptom she
      had was sudden intermittent otalgia without apparent hearing loss, tinnitus,
      vertigo or otorrhea. Presumptive diagnosis was made from the recent history of
      ingesting raw fish with subsequent migratory swellings. Definite diagnosis rested
      on identification of the worms, pertinent eosinophilia and positive skin test.
      This case was different from those previously reported because it was a primary
      aural gnathostomiasis without neurological involvement.

PMID- 3834896
TI  - Recent development of the study on clinical significance of abnormal eye
      movement.
AB  - As a general trend, the diagnosis in medical clinics often depends on laboratory
      test results. Neurotological diagnosis, however, requires detailed neurological
      examinations on a patient by a neurotologist. Therefore, there are differing
      diagnostic skills among physicians, and there is a kind of "man-made flavor" in
      neurotological diagnostic procedure. In the present study, current development in
      the knowledge on the clinical diagnostic significance of pathological eye
      movement during the last 2-3 years is summarized. Acquired pendular wondering eye
      movement. Fixation jerks. Spontaneous and transitory eyeball burst or seizure.
      Vertical rebound nystagmus. Optokinetic vertical ocular dysmetria. Divergence
      nystagmus. Counterolling, pure rotatory positioning nystagmus. Inversion of
      optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN). Vertical congenital nystagmus and inversion
      of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). Treatment of congenital nystagmus. Vertical
      spontaneous nystagmus to lower eyelid or so-called "downbeat nystagmus." Downbeat
      nystagmus seen in bilateral labyrinthine dysfunction. The significance of
      bilateral vestibular lesion, or symmetric lesion in other is emphasized in the
      present report for reader's reference and criticism. Our experience on the
      clinical significance of the abnormal eye movement was reported. It is our wish
      that accumulation of data on important cases along with the results of
      experimental studies directly connected with clinical medicine may contribute to
      the progress of our neurotology in the right direction as "neurology of the
      posterior fossa."

PMID- 3834897
TI  - Intubation for the membranous laryngotracheobronchitis.
AB  - A 49-year-old housewife with membranous laryngotracheobronchitis (the membranous
      croup) was referred to our clinic because of difficulty in breathing. Instant
      intubation in the emergency room did not relieve her breathing trouble, thus,
      following emergency tracheostomy accompanied by irrigation with mucolytic agents
      and antibiotics proved effective. Preceding intratracheal intubation made the
      patient suffocate because it induced membranous debris to detach and become
      lodged in the tracheal wall. In addition, dryness seemed to worsen her
      respiratory distress, thus high humidification was felt to be instrumental in
      relieving her symptoms. No pathological bacteria were found in specimens detached
      from the tracheal wall.

PMID- 3834898
TI  - A survey of ovine dermatophilosis in Western Australia.
AB  - A random sample of 200 Merino sheep owners was interviewed by telephone during
      April 1983 and asked questions relating to the prevalence of ovine
      dermatophilosis in their flocks, methods used for prevention and treatment of
      dermatophilosis, management strategies employed and the location and annual
      rainfall of each farm. The response rate was 99.5%. During the previous 12 months
      62.3% of farmers had observed dermatophilosis in their flocks. The prevalence
      within flocks was highest in hoggets (mean 2.2%, range 0 to 75%) followed by
      lambs (mean 0.8%, range 0 to 25%), ewes (mean 0.6%, range 0 to 20%) and wethers
      (0.2%, range 0 to 20%). The mean weight of wool identified as affected by
      dermatophilosis was 58 kg (range 0 to 882 kg). Preventive measures were used on
      57% of farms and the most common methods were changes in dipping practice (23.6%)
      and culling of affected sheep (21%). An average of 13.7 sheep per farm were
      culled for dermatophilosis and of these, 82% were sold and the remainder (18%)
      were killed on the farm. Antibiotics, of which most were combinations of
      penicillin and streptomycin were used to treat dermatophilosis on 8.5% of farms
      and treatments other than antibiotics were used on 10% of farms. The prevalence
      of dermatophilosis and its relationship to various environmental and management
      factors varied with the age and sex of sheep. Discriminant analysis indicated
      that of the factors studied, average annual rainfall, month of lambing, average
      fibre diameter and the month ewes were shorn were related to the prevalence of
      dermatophilosis in lambs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3834899
TI  - The effect of season on reproduction in dairy cattle.
AB  - A survey was carried out in North West Tasmania to compare the breeding
      performance of 2,068 cows in 27 dairy herds--15 herds calving in spring and 12 in
      autumn. The percentage of cows submitted to artificial insemination for the first
      time in the first 24 days of the mating period was 87% for the spring calving
      group and 75% for the autumn calving group. Figures for non-return-to-service
      rate over the subsequent 21 days were 72% and 55%, respectively. The difference
      in breeding performance associated with time of calving was not attributable to
      age, calving to mating interval or on cow condition or daily milk fat yield at 3
      weeks (+/- 1 week) after the start of mating.

PMID- 3834900
TI  - The southward spread of buffalo fly (Haematobia irritans exigua) in eastern
      Australia and its survival through a severe winter.
AB  - The southward spread of buffalo fly (Haematobia irritans exigua) in coastal
      eastern Australia from Bororen, Queensland in 1974 to Coffs Harbour, New South
      Wales in 1982 is documented. Surveys after a cold, dry winter in 1982 recorded
      overwintering sites and subsequent spread of flies in southern Queensland and
      northern New South Wales. Buffalo fly overwintered at several places in the
      Maryborough-Bauple districts and further north. Overwintering also occurred in
      the Currumbin Valley-Mudgeeraba area on the Queensland-New South Wales border.
      Other infestations detected early in the season and believed to have arisen from
      local overwintering populations were observed at Kin Kin, Mount Tamborine and
      Flinders Peak. By May 1983 flies had recolonised much of coastal south eastern
      Queensland, and as far south as Ballina and west to the Richmond Range in New
      South Wales. Implications of these findings for control are discussed.

PMID- 3834901
TI  - Isolation of Bordetella avium from poultry.
AB  - Four Australian isolates of Gram-negative nonfermentative bacteria obtained from
      poultry were compared with reference strains of Bordetella avium, Bordetella
      bronchiseptica and Alcaligenes faecalis. The Australian isolates were identified
      as Bordetella avium. A routine procedure for the identification of this recently
      recognised poultry pathogen is described.

PMID- 3834902
TI  - Identification of species of fish by gradient-gel electrophoresis.
AB  - An electrophoretic method is described for distinguishing between fish fillets
      according to their protein composition. Thaw fluid (4 microL) was applied to one
      of 14 sample positions of a precast gel, containing a gradient of polyacrylamide
      of either 2.5 to 27% or 3 to 40%. All reagents and gels are commercially
      available in ready-to-use form. Either gel provided a distinction between any of
      the 42 fish types, but the 3 to 40% gel gave better identification because of its
      superior molecular-sieving properties. Reproducible electrophoretic patterns were
      obtained for different samples of the same fish type, but small differences were
      shown for fish of widely different origin, for example Australian and New Zealand
      ling.

PMID- 3834903
TI  - Porcine atrophic rhinitis.
AB  - In snouts of pigs from 5 of 8 piggeries in New South Wales examined, there was
      evidence of severe atrophic rhinitis. In 220 pigs examined from one piggery there
      was no correlation between the severity of atrophic rhinitis and growth rate or
      back-fat thickness. There was also no correlation between the extent of lung
      pathology and back-fat thickness. Pleurisy or pericarditis did cause a
      significant reduction in growth rate.

PMID- 3834905
TI  - Feline cerebral phaeohyphomycosis associated with Cladosporium bantianum.

PMID- 3834904
TI  - Pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in calves due to contamination of straw by
      Heliotropium europeum.

PMID- 3834906
TI  - Evaluation of the effect of tiamulin hydrogen fumarate fed at 25 ppm on
      performance responses of pigs infected with enzootic pneumonia.

PMID- 3834907
TI  - An abbatoir survey of the prevalence of caseous lymphadenitis in feral goats in
      Western Australia.

PMID- 3834908
TI  - Isolation of a new bovine ephemeral fever group virus.

PMID- 3834909
TI  - Suspected histoplasmosis capsulati of the intestine in a dog.

PMID- 3834910
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in sperm from rams with epididymitis.

PMID- 3834911
TI  - Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae vegetative endocarditis in a horse.

PMID- 3834912
TI  - Goats and sheep are mixed feeders.

PMID- 3834913
TI  - Aetiology and pathogenesis of mucosal disease.

PMID- 3834914
TI  - Group rearing abolishes hyperdefensiveness induced in weanling rats by lateral
      septal or medial accumbens lesions but not by medial hypothalamic lesions.
AB  - Lesions of the medial hypothalamus, medial accumbens, or septum were made in 21-
      to 25-day-old male hooded rats. Half of the animals in each group were
      subsequently reared in groups and the other half in isolation. When tested for
      defensiveness toward the experimenter at 31, 34, and 37 days postoperatively,
      rats with medial hypothalamic lesions were most hyperdefensive toward the
      experimenter if reared in isolation but were significantly more defensive than
      sham-lesioned animals even when reared in groups. Rats with septal lesions were
      significantly more defensive than sham-lesioned animals only when reared in
      isolation while rats with medial accumbens lesions were not different from
      controls whether reared individually or in groups. These results suggest that the
      medial hypothalamus may have a special importance in determining temperament
      since the hyperdefensiveness that results from interference with its functioning
      is resistant to experiential remediation.

PMID- 3834915
TI  - Heart-rate responses of infant rats and guinea pigs to stimulus onset and offset:
      tests of the generality of a bidirectional effect.
AB  - To test the generality, across modality and across species, of a bidirectional
      effect of photic stimulation in infant rats found in previous experiments, two
      experiments examined the effects on heart rate (HR) of onset and offset of
      auditory stimulation in rats and of photic stimulation in guinea pigs. Experiment
      1 demonstrated a unidirectional, decelerative response in rats 17 and 21 days of
      age to the onset and offset of a 1-kHz tone, at both low (80 dB) and high (100
      dB) intensity levels and at 14 days to the onset of the high-intensity tone.
      Experiment 2 demonstrated that infant guinea pigs, which unlike infant rats are
      precocial and not nocturnal, responded to the offset but not to the onset of
      light, and that this response was decelerative. These results indicated a lack of
      generality of the bidirectional HR effect, and were discussed in terms of the
      orienting/defensive reflex distinction.

PMID- 3834916
TI  - Aversion conditioning and enhanced neophobia: role of test stimuli.
AB  - In Experiment 1, 100 rats (Rattus norvegicus) received 10% sucrose or 5% casein
      hydrolysate followed, after 10 min, by a LiCl or saline injection or, after 12 h,
      by a LiCl injection. Subsequently, rats received aversion testing to the CS or
      neophobia testing to the opposite novel flavor. Aversion effects were reliably
      greater to casein than to sucrose. However, conditioning with sucrose yielded a
      reliably greater increase in neophobia to casein (relative to controls) than
      conditioning with casein yielded to sucrose. In Experiment 2, 60 rats received
      distilled water followed, after 10 min, by LiCl or saline injection or, after 12
      h, by LiCl injection. Aversion effects occurred to distilled water. Neophobia
      testing to casein and sucrose showed that, relative to controls, neophobia
      increased reliably more to casein. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 were not
      attributable to differences in baseline intakes between casein and sucrose
      flavors. Together, these experiments indicated that the demonstration of
      conditioning-enhanced neophobia may depend more on the characteristics of the
      neophobia test flavor than on the strength of aversion established because of CS
      characteristics.

PMID- 3834917
TI  - Postaggression footshock inhibits aggressive behavior in dominant but not in
      isolated mice.
AB  - Aggressive behavior of dominant and isolated mice was assessed in intermale
      encounters with nonaggressive intruder mice. After an attack period of 90 s, the
      aggressor was exposed to a footshock punishment and retested the next day. The
      shock treatment, independent of the intensity and duration, failed to inhibit
      spontaneous aggression in isolated DBA/2 mice, while it significantly suppressed
      spontaneous aggression in dominant C57BL/6 mice. The different effects of post
      trial shock punishment were not due to a different shock sensitivity and did not
      depend on the type of opponent used. Strain differences have been ruled out by
      the use of dominant and isolated ICR mice. Again, shock punishment was
      ineffective in isolates, while it reduced aggression in dominant animals. The
      findings were discussed with reference to the impaired learning performance
      reported for isolated animals, and suggest a difference between the aggression of
      isolated and that of dominant mice.

PMID- 3834918
TI  - Effects of social isolation in adulthood on odor preferences and urine-marking in
      male rats.
AB  - Male rats isolated for 60 days in adulthood spent less time investigating odors
      of females and urine-marked less over these odors than did males kept in groups
      of three. Isolated males did not differ from grouped males in their responses to
      odors of unfamiliar males or their own odors. After social experience the
      isolated males showed an increase in urine-marking but no change in odor
      preferences. Individual housing therefore appears to alter olfactory
      communication in the same way that it does other social behaviors and these
      changes may be mediated by the same mechanisms.

PMID- 3834919
TI  - Depletion of brain norepinephrine with DSP-4 does not alter acquisition or
      performance of a radial-arm maze task.
AB  - The acquisition of a radial-arm-maze task was unimpaired following administration
      of DSP-4, a selective noradrenergic neurotoxin. Maze performance remained
      unaffected when 5- or 30-min delays were imposed between the fourth and the fifth
      arm selection. Neurochemical analysis performed 90 days after injection revealed
      that DSP-4 significantly decreased concentrations of norepinephrine in the
      hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum. The regional concentrations of dopamine and
      serotonin were not affected. These data are consistent with previous reports
      demonstrating that depletion of brain norepinephrine does not impair spatial
      learning and memory.

PMID- 3834920
TI  - The effect of training procedures on fixed-interval responding following septal
      lesions in rats.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of training procedures on
      fixed-interval (FI) performance of rats with septal lesions. In Experiment 1,
      rats with septal lesions that had extensive preoperative FI experience responded
      at higher rates than did control rats in early periods of the FI and at lower
      rates during the later period of the FI for the first 10 sessions after surgery.
      Their subsequent FI behavior became equivalent to that of control rats. In
      Experiment 2, septal rats that were trained on an FI schedule of reinforcement
      entirely after surgery by gradually increasing the FI requirements had FI
      performance equivalent to that of rats with control operations. The results
      suggest that septal lesions result in a transient disruption in the FI
      performance of rats with previous FI experience without affecting the acquisition
      of appropriate FI behavior.

PMID- 3834921
TI  - Analysis of the catnip reaction: mediation by olfactory system, not vomeronasal
      organ.
AB  - Pet owners and behavioral scientists alike are fascinated by unique behavioral
      reactions that cats show in the presence of catnip. These experiments explored
      the possibility that the catnip reaction might be triggered by chemosensory
      stimulation of the vomeronasal organ. In the chewing and mouthing of the catnip
      source, substances might be dissolved in saliva and transported to the
      vomeronasal organ. The rolling and rubbing during a catnip reaction might be a
      sexual response activated by the accessory olfactory system since the system
      projects to parts of the brain involved in mediation of sexual behavior. However,
      removal of the vomeronasal organ did not attenuate any of the behavioral
      reactions to catnip. Olfactory bulbectomy immediately eliminated catnip
      responding, revealing that the chemosensory stimulus evoking the catnip reaction
      is undoubtedly mediated through the main olfactory system. Catnip activates
      behavioral elements associated with several species-specific behaviors, including
      sniffing and chewing as associated with oral appetitive behavior, rolling and
      rubbing characteristic of female sexual behavior, batting the catnip source
      characteristic of play behavior, and a type of kicking associated with predatory
      behavior. These behavioral reactions occur randomly and intermittently.

PMID- 3834922
TI  - Suppression of corticosterone synthesis alters the behavior of hippocampally
      lesioned rats.
AB  - The suppression of corticosterone synthesis with metyrapone (25 mg/kg) reduced
      the hyperactivity and altered the exploratory activity of hippocampally lesioned
      animals (HPC) in the open field to the level of cortical and sham controls
      (Experiment 1). In a second experiment, corticosterone (600 micrograms/kg)
      pretreatment 2 h, but not 1 h, before metyrapone partially restored the
      hyperactivity of HPC animals that had been decreased by the corticosteroid
      suppressant drug. Alterations in exploratory behavior induced by metyrapone were
      also prevented by corticosterone pretreatment. The results suggest that the
      suppression of corticosterone in hippocampally lesioned animals produces a
      normalization of behavior that can be prevented by pretreatment with
      corticosterone.

PMID- 3834923
TI  - Aversive stimulus properties of morphine: evaluation using the drug preexposure
      conditioned taste aversion paradigm.
AB  - Interpretation of the finding that positive-reinforcing drugs such as morphine
      also possess possible aversive properties, as revealed by their ability to induce
      a conditioned taste aversion (CTA), remains problematic. This issue was addressed
      in the present study using the drug preexposure CTA paradigm. Water-deprived rats
      were given noncontingent preexposure to one of three doses of morphine (2.5, 5.0,
      or 15.0 mg/kg) or drug vehicle. Subsequently, animals in each of these
      preexposure groups were presented with a novel 0.1% saccharin-flavored solution
      followed immediately by injection with one of the same three morphine doses or
      drug vehicle. This procedure was repeated at 5-day intervals until six saccharin
      presentations had been performed. Results indicated that while the three morphine
      doses were differentially potent as taste aversion-conditioning agents, they were
      equipotent as preexposure agents serving to disrupt CTA. These data suggest that
      preexposure to morphine's predominantly positive-reinforcing (and non-CTA
      inducing) properties is sufficient for preexposure disruption of subsequent
      morphine CTA. A second experiment indicated that the minimal effective
      preexposure dose is between 0.3 and 1.25 mg/kg of morphine. It is suggested that
      an important commonality may exist between the discriminative stimulus properties
      of morphine as a CTA-inducing agent and as a positive reinforcer.

PMID- 3834924
TI  - Further evaluation of morphine aversion: maintenance of a taste aversion using a
      low, nonaversive morphine dose.
AB  - Previously, in an investigation of morphine-conditioned taste aversion (CTA), we
      found that limited preexposure to a low, nonaversive (non-CTA-inducing) dose of
      morphine (2.5 mg/kg) was as effective as preexposure to a higher, CTA-inducing
      dose (15 mg/kg) in blocking the formation of a subsequent morphine CTA. In the
      present study, we examined the capacity of this low, 2.5-mg/kg morphine dose to
      maintain a CTA initially induced by the 15-mg/kg dose. A standard CTA procedure
      was used. Results indicated that rats given three initial taste-drug pairings
      with 15 mg/kg morphine followed on subsequent pairing days by treatment with the
      low, non-CTA-inducing, 2.5-mg/kg dose continued to exhibit a strong CTA over 8
      pairing days. A similar pattern was observed for animals continuing to receive
      taste-drug pairings with the 15-mg/kg dose. Animals receiving only one taste-drug
      pairing with the 15-mg/kg dose, followed on subsequent pairing days by 2.5-mg/kg
      conditioning, failed to show such a pattern of CTA. An intermediate CTA pattern
      was seen with animals conditioned with 15, 10, 5, and repeated 2.5-mg/kg doses
      over consecutive pairing days. These data suggest that exposure to a low dose of
      morphine, with no apparent CTA-inducing properties, is sufficient to maintain a
      previously established morphine taste aversion. Potential implications for
      understanding the apparent discriminative complexity of morphine's motivational
      properties are discussed.

PMID- 3834926
TI  - Cell fusion between L-forms and protoplasts of Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Mixtures of various combinations of Lysostaphin protoplasts and stable L-forms of
      Staphylococcus aureus, which have different markers for drug resistance, were
      treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to examine the development of doubly
      resistant fusion products (fusants). To recover doubly resistant colonies as L
      forms, they were incubated in 4.5% NaCl-brain heart infusion (BHI) broth
      containing penicillin G (PCG) for enrichment culture and cultured in PCG-4.5%
      NaCl-BHI agar medium (method 1), while to recover doubly resistant fusants as L
      forms and coccal forms, they were grown on reversion medium (R medium) which
      causes reversion of protoplasts or fusants to parent type cells, and then
      cultured on assay media, i.e., R medium, BHI agar medium or PCG-4.5% NaCl-BHI
      agar medium (method 2). Under both experimental conditions, doubly resistant
      fusants developed as L-form cells by PEG treatment of pairs of protoplasts
      carrying the chloramphenicol (CP)-resistance plasmid and L-forms having
      chromosomal resistance to streptomycin (SM). In the reverse combinations, i.e.,
      protoplasts showing chromosomal SM-resistance and L-form cells carrying the CP
      resistance plasmid, the first method gave no doubly resistant colonies. By the
      second method, without enrichment culture on R medium, the latter combination
      gave doubly resistant fusants as L-form, coccal-type and mixed-type colonial
      forms, while when the PEG-treated mixture was enriched on R medium, fusants were
      obtained exclusively as the coccal type on either R medium or BHI agar assay
      medium. Neither of the methods yielded colonies of doubly resistant fusants on
      PEG-treatment of pairs of protoplasts and L-forms both of which were chromosomal,
      but with different drug resistances. These results show that PEG-induced cell
      fusion between protoplasts and L-forms of S. aureus, unlike the fusion between
      protoplasts or between L-forms, resulted in transfer of the drug resistance
      controlled by the plasmid to the fusion products. The fusants obtained were L
      forms in method 1, and coccal type in the method 2.

PMID- 3834925
TI  - Differential ethanol olfactory experiences affect ethanol ingestion in
      preweanlings but not in older rats.
AB  - Preweanling (21 days old) and adult (60-80 days old) rats were exposed to ethanol
      odor either paired with the early stages of apomorphine-induced toxicosis, paired
      with the recovery from toxicosis, or unpaired with the induction of distress.
      Twenty four hours later, ethanol preferences were measured in a spatial olfactory
      test (ethanol vs lemon odor) or a drinking test (5.6% v/v ethanol vs 0.25% w/v
      citric acid solutions). During the olfactory test both young and adult rats
      expressed substantial ethanol odor aversions when previously exposed to this odor
      paired with toxicosis. However, changes in ethanol intake became apparent only in
      preweanling subjects. Preweanlings which received the ethanol odor paired with
      illness drank significantly less of the ethanol solution relative to controls,
      while subjects experiencing the odor paired with recovery from distress
      significantly increased their consumption of the ethanol solution. These prior
      aversive and appetitive olfactory experiences had no effect upon ethanol intake
      in adult rats. These results implicate both an ontogenetic and a sensorial factor
      in the regulation of ethanol intake.

PMID- 3834927
TI  - Toxicity of phencyclidine and ethanol in combination.
AB  - The role of ethanol in phencyclidine-related death and loss of motor co
      ordination was studied in male ICR albino mice. LD50s, and ED50s for loss of
      righting reflex, and for the "rotarod" test were determined for each drug in the
      presence of various doses of the other. Isobolograms (plots of equieffective dose
      combinations) of these LD50s and ED50s showed that low doses of ethanol reduced
      the LD50 of phencyclidine (PCP) by about 20%, while higher doses (1-3 g/kg) of
      ethanol were without further effect. In contrast to effects on lethality, there
      was synergism (potentiation) of loss of motor co-ordination. Doses of ethanol
      above 1 g/kg reduced the ED50 of PCP for loss of righting from about 60 mg/kg to
      1-3 mg/kg. Similarly, low doses of PCP (less than 40 mg/kg) reduced the ED50 of
      ethanol from 3 g/kg to 1 g/kg. There was a slight but consistent synergism
      between the drugs in the rotarod test over the range of effective doses (0.25
      2.0mg/kg PCP and 0.1-1.2 g/kg ethanol). It is concluded that consumption of
      ethanol does not greatly increase the risk of death from PCP overdose; however
      the severe adverse effects on motor co-ordination of moderate doses of PCP
      together with moderate doses of ethanol are greatly potentiated by doses of the
      other drug. It is estimated that commonly used doses could result in total loss
      of motor ability, which could explain the prevalence of accidental deaths
      (especially drowning) when PCP and ethanol have been consumed together.

PMID- 3834928
TI  - Effect of prenatal ethanol exposure on activity and shuttle avoidance behavior in
      adult C57 mice.
AB  - Although the morphological teratogenic actions of ethanol have been well
      established in mice, studies on the behavioral teratogenic effects of alcohol
      have been primarily conducted with rats. The purpose of this study was to examine
      the behavioral effects of prenatal alcohol exposure in C57 mice, a strain known
      to be highly sensitive to the teratogenic actions of ethanol. Pregnant mice were
      administered a liquid diet containing 25% ethanol-derived calories (EDC) from day
      5 through day 18 of gestation. Control animals were pair-fed an isocaloric 0% EDC
      diet during the same period of time, with sucrose substituted for ethanol. At 23
      days of age, offspring were tested for spontaneous locomotor activity in an open
      field. At 70 days of age, different offspring were tested in a shuttle-avoidance
      task. The results demonstrated that the 25% EDC progeny were more active than
      controls. In addition, prenatal alcohol exposure produced a deficit in
      acquisition and performance of a shuttle-avoidance task. Alcohol-treated
      offspring made fewer avoidance responses and required more trials to reach a
      criterion performance of 10/10 avoidances consecutively followed by at least 9/10
      avoidances. These results importantly contribute to the development of an animal
      model of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in which both the behavioral and morphological
      consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure may be assessed in the same species.

PMID- 3834929
TI  - WHO/Nordic Council for Arctic Medical Research Working Group on Problems of
      Family Health in Circumpolar Regions. Ilulissat/Jakobshavn, Greenland, April 20
      22, 1985.

PMID- 3834930
TI  - Acculturation among circumpolar peoples: implications for health status.

PMID- 3834931
TI  - Cultural change and health consequences in Inuit.

PMID- 3834932
TI  - Educational problems in Greenland.

PMID- 3834933
TI  - High-risk children in Greenland.

PMID- 3834934
TI  - Socialization, family conflicts and responses to culture change among Canadian
      Inuit.

PMID- 3834935
TI  - Suicide in Greenland.

PMID- 3834936
TI  - Criminal homicide in Greenland.

PMID- 3834937
TI  - Violence in Greenland.

PMID- 3834938
TI  - Mortality studies in Greenland. Regional differences in alcohol related deaths
      and infant mortality.

PMID- 3834939
TI  - Problems of family health in circumpolar regions. Report on a WHO/NCAMR Working
      Group Ilulissat/Jakobshavn, Greenland April 20-22, 1985.

PMID- 3834940
TI  - Family health and the child in Greenland.

PMID- 3834941
TI  - Problems in families with an "absent father".

PMID- 3834942
TI  - Alaska native 'grass roots' movement: problem solving utilizing indigenous
      values.

PMID- 3834944
TI  - A family health intervention model.

PMID- 3834943
TI  - Family health in Greenland--as the social authorities see it.

PMID- 3834945
TI  - Score systems in perinatal medicine.
AB  - Details of some common scoring systems in use for perinatal medicine are
      outlined. Their advantages and limitations are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3834946
TI  - Comparison of the serum protein binding of digoxin in premature and mature
      newborns, infants and adults.
AB  - Infants require higher therapeutic doses (per unit body weight and surface area)
      and also tolerate higher doses of digoxin than adults. In contrast premature and
      even mature newborns are more susceptible to digoxin intoxications. Serum protein
      binding contributes to the apparent volume of distribution. Since the volume of
      distribution for digoxin shows an age-dependency, the present study was designed
      to determine the plasma protein binding of digoxin in premature and mature
      newborns as well as in infants and adults. Using the equilibrium dialysis method
      the fraction of digoxin bound to serum protein averages 30% in all groups
      studied. Thus protein binding could not account for the differences in dosage and
      susceptibility of digoxin in newborns and infants as compared to adults.

PMID- 3834947
TI  - Renal clearance of amino acids in pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia.
AB  - Renal clearance of most amino acids was increased in the third trimester of
      pregnancy. The greatest change was with glycine, where clearance increased
      thirteen-fold and the plasma level decreased. No difference in renal clearance of
      amino acids was demonstrated in four patients with proteinuric hypertension when
      compared with that in normal pregnancy. Progesterone, given to non-pregnant
      women, caused a fall in mean plasma glycine. This was associated with increased
      renal clearance in 2 out of 3 women, and indicates that progesterone may
      contribute to the increased renal excretion of some amino acids in pregnancy,
      probably acting selectively on tubular reabsorption.

PMID- 3834948
TI  - Hyperprolactinemia and its effect on female sterility.
AB  - Starting with the isolation and purification of human prolactin, several studies
      have been conducted in order to understand prolactin (PRL) physiology and
      pathology in the human. Results of research effected since then have shown that
      high levels of PRL could cause sterility either through its effects on ovulation
      at the hypothalamic, hypophyseal or gonadal level or through the inhibition of
      steroid synthesis in the ovaries which leads to amenorrhea. In parallel with
      these findings, bromocriptine, a dopamin agonist inhibiting PRL secretion has
      been used in the clinic for the treatment of hyperprolactinemic states and the
      positive results obtained confirmed the role of PRL in human reproduction. The
      aim of our study is to investigate the causative mechanisms of sterility in
      hyperprolactinemic patients. For this purpose, in hyperprolactinemic cases with
      sterility a possible correlation between the PRL values and endometrial changes
      is investigated. Our findings indicate that effects of PRL on the receptors of
      distal organs show individual variations and depend on the degree of receptor
      sensitivity. It is believed that the effects of PRL through receptor mediation
      deserve further investigation.

PMID- 3834949
TI  - Growth-promoting activity of serum throughout pregnancy and at delivery:
      evaluation by three different bioassays.
AB  - Somatomedin evolution has been studied by employing three different bioassays in
      181 pregnant women from the 7th week of gestation to delivery and in 18 women
      during the course of labor. In 105 additional mothers of full-term or pre-term
      neonates a significant increase of a serum growth-promoting activity (thymidine
      activity) was observed at delivery, as compared to nonpregnant controls, with a
      progressive return to normal levels in the post-partum period. Different results
      were found according to the assay method used, suggesting the multiplicity of
      growth factors and specific adaptations related to the stages of pregnancy.

PMID- 3834950
TI  - Increased retraction of fibrin clots by endothelial cells of infants of diabetic
      mothers.
AB  - Cultured endothelial cells (EC) from the umbilical veins of infants of non
      diabetic mothers induced retraction of fibrin clots formed by addition of
      thrombin to cell-free plasma. Fibrin clot retraction activity increased with
      time, reaching a maximum within 24 hours and was inhibited at 4 degrees C or in
      the presence of EDTA. This retraction had many characteristics in common with
      that induced by platelets. EC obtained from the umbilical veins of infants of
      poorly controlled insulin dependent diabetic mothers (IDDM) showed similar
      patterns of retraction. However, compared to normals, these cells induced greater
      retraction. Since the retraction of fibrin clots is thought to promote the
      exposure of sub-endothelial layers and since such an exposure plays a major role
      in thrombogenesis, we suggest that retraction of fibrin clot by EC should be
      taken into account in evaluating pre-thrombotic states.

PMID- 3834951
TI  - Ovarian progesterone synthesis and content and plasma progesterone levels in
      adult mice treated with diethylstilbestrol neonatally.
AB  - Ovaries from 8-week-old female NMRI mice, treated with 5 micrograms
      diethylstilbestrol (DES) daily for the first 5 days after birth were studied for
      progesterone synthesis in vitro, using 3H-pregnenolone as precursor, and assayed
      for progesterone content using radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique. The plasma
      levels of progesterone were measured with RIA. These results were compared with
      those from control ovaries from females in different phases of the estrous cycle.
      Values for radioactivity representing 3H-progesterone were significantly higher
      after 1-hour incubation of ovarian homogenate from DES treated females than in
      homogenates of ovaries from any phase of the normal estrous cycle. The ovarian
      content of progesterone was similar in DES exposed ovaries and ovaries from
      females in proestrous or estrous but lower in DES ovaries than in diestrous
      ovaries. The plasma levels of progesterone were in the same range in DES treated
      females and diestrous females but higher in DES females than in estrous or
      proestrous females.

PMID- 3834952
TI  - Lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens and tumor sex steroid receptors in breast
      cancer patients.
AB  - In 60 breast cancer patients in stages I and II the blastogenic transformation of
      peripheral blood lymphocytes after phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) pokeweed mitogen
      (PWM) and concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation were assayed and estrogen (ER) and
      progesterone (PgR) receptor concentrations in tumor cytosol were measured. A
      negative correlation between lymphocyte reactivity to the mitogens and tumor
      steroid receptors concentration was found. The lymphocyte response to the
      mitogens in the patients with ER-PgR-tumors (R-) was significantly higher than in
      those with tumors either ER+PgR-or ER-PgR+ (R+) or ER+PgR+ (R++). There was also
      a negative correlation between lymphocyte response to PHA and either ER or PgR
      concentrations in the tumors. These results suggest that the presence of steroid
      receptors in tumor cells may be associated with the depression of immunological
      reactivity in breast cancer patients.

PMID- 3834953
TI  - Tangent counting for objective assessment of erythrocyte shape changes.
AB  - The resting shape of the human erythrocyte is maintained mainly by the elastic
      properties of its membrane. There is evidence that negative spontaneous membrane
      curvature is the cause of the biconcave shape; also negative membrane curvature
      is thought to be enhanced under "stomatocytogenic" influences and reduced under
      "echinocytogenic" influences. Experimental tests of these hypotheses are
      difficult in the absence of objective methods to quantify cell shape and/or
      membrane curvature. A new method is introduced to estimate the changes in convex
      and concave curvatures of the cell outlines in larger populations of RBC. It is
      based on the so-called "tangent count" procedure, carried out on microphotographs
      of freely suspended, randomly oriented RBCs in isotonic solutions. The method was
      validated by subjective shape assessment according to BESSIS' classification. It
      proved to be most sensitive in the range of moderate shape changes (classified
      subjectively as echinocyte II and stomatocyte II).

PMID- 3834954
TI  - Blood viscosity--a comparative study on three rotational instruments.
AB  - Three rotational viscometers for blood viscometry were compared at moderate and
      high shear. At high shear, coefficients of variation were all around 1%
      increasing 5-fold (Wells-Brookfield) and 3-fold (Carri-Med) when shear was
      lowered. Using pathological samples the coefficients of variation for the Carri
      Med mashine was doubled. Only the Contraves LS-30 viscometer showed neither an
      increasing coefficient of variation with declining shear, nor problems when
      measuring blood with suspension instability.

PMID- 3834955
TI  - Effects of blood storage on rheology and damage in low-stress shear flow.
AB  - Data are presented on the rheological and hemolytic behavior of whole human blood
      as it ages while stored at 4 degrees C (as in blood banking practice) up to 26
      days. The viscometric properties of steady shear viscosity eta and oscillatory
      (complex) viscosity eta * = eta' - i eta" reported over ranges of shear rate
      gamma and radian frequency omega of 33 less than gamma less than 4130 s-1 and 1.5
      less than omega less than 48 s -1; data on autologous plasma are given for
      reference. The Cox-Merz relation, eta (gamma) = [eta *(omega)] omega = gamma, is
      found to be a good approximation, with eta greater than or equal to [eta *], over
      the range studied. Release of hemoglobin (Hgb) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
      into the plasma during shearing is tracked as a function of time for 30 min, and
      its sensitivity to gamma magnitude is measured. Bloods from four different donors
      are studied, with primary attention given to one (SSR). For all bloods, the
      release of both Hgb and LDH increases with storage age, but differences in such
      aging characteristics between different bloods can be substantial (even when
      rheological properties are identical). A post-shear incubation at 4 degrees C for
      one day shows no enhancement of plasma Hgb and LDH levels beyond those expected
      from normal aging after the shearing experience, demonstrating the absence of
      significant delayed-action effects as a consequence of shearing trauma.

PMID- 3834957
TI  - Quantitative characterization of blood rheological behavior in transient flow
      with a model including a structure parameter.
AB  - Transient rheological behavior of blood which involves non newtonian viscosity,
      elasticity and thixotropy can be modelized with a Maxwell rheological state
      equation which depends on a structure parameter having dimension of a shear rate.
      Identification of the model parameters leads to use an exponential apparent shear
      rate step and to use recursive filters for taking into account the impulse
      response of the viscometer servo-control device. Typical results for a normal
      blood sample are given.

PMID- 3834956
TI  - Elastic constitutive laws for cow teat tissue undergoing finite deformations.
AB  - Five constitutive laws are investigated to model the effect of machine milking. A
      nonlinear least squares procedure is employed to estimate material constants from
      in vivo teat inflation data. An exponential form is found to be statistically
      adequate as a constitutive law, and is used to determine the mechanical stresses
      in teat tissue during finite deformations.

PMID- 3834958
TI  - A study of non-Newtonian aspects of blood flow through stenosed arteries and its
      applications in arterial diseases.
AB  - Blood flow through a stenosed artery has been investigated in this paper. Blood
      has been represented by a non-Newtonian fluid obeying Herschel-Bulkley equation.
      This model has been used to study the influence of the fluid behaviour index n,
      shear-dependent nonlinear viscosity K and the yield stress tau H in blood flow
      through stenosed arteries. The variation of the wall shear stress and the flow
      resistance with n, K and tau H has been shown graphically. It is observed that
      the wall shear stress and the flow resistance increase in Herschel-Bulkley fluid
      in comparison with corresponding Newtonian fluid. It is of interest to note that,
      in the present model, the thickness of the plug core varies with the axial
      distance z in the stenotic region. Finally, some biological implications of the
      present model for some arterial diseases have been briefly discussed.

PMID- 3834959
TI  - Rationale for the NCCLS standard H20-T for differential leukocyte counting.
AB  - The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) tentative
      standard for Leukocyte Differential Counting (H20-T) was developed in the United
      States as a reference method for differential leukocyte counting as well as a
      method for the evaluation of the performance of differential leukocyte counters.
      The key features of this document are outlined and the reasons for their
      inclusion in the standard are given.

PMID- 3834960
TI  - A critical evaluation of the manual/visual differential leukocyte counting
      method.
AB  - The performance of differential leukocyte counting by 73 technologists and
      technicians working in 5 different laboratories in a large medical center was
      evaluated. Good correlation with the reference method was found for neutrophils,
      normal lymphocytes, and eosinophils. More variability was noted in the estimation
      of stab neutrophils and variant (atypical) lymphocytes and monocytes. The
      sensitivity of this method for clinically important conditions ranged from 100%
      to 34%, depending upon the abnormality.

PMID- 3834961
TI  - Use of pattern recognition technology for determination of the human differential
      leukocyte count.
AB  - The imprecision, inaccuracy, and clinical sensitivity of an automated
      differential counter based on pattern recognition technology (HEMATRAK model 590)
      were evaluated using the NCCLS standard H20-T. The data show that the instrument
      is capable of performing assays in a manner comparable with the reference method
      proposed by NCCLS. In addition, data are presented from a multicenter study
      involving 174 HEMATRAK instruments which showed that the automated systems
      produce results equivalent to manual procedures (based on approximately 350
      individual assays).

PMID- 3834962
TI  - The Coulter Counter leukocyte differential.
AB  - The leukocyte differential counting capability of the Coulter Counter model S
      PLUS IV was evaluated for precision, accuracy, and clinical sensitivity. The
      evaluation used procedures described in the NCCLS tentative standard (H20-T) when
      these were appropriate for this technology. Within its inherent constraints, the
      system was found to be more reproducible than the stained-film reference method
      and at least as accurate. Clinical sensitivity was equivalent to that of a four
      slide, microscope differential count. Reference ranges for the cell classes
      identified by the instrument were similar to those given by the stained-film
      method.

PMID- 3834963
TI  - Leukocyte screening using the ELT-800/WS.
AB  - In order to provide performance standards for instruments utilizing automated
      cell differentiation, a study was undertaken using the NCCLS Standard H20-T. The
      ELT-800/WS using light scattering technology was compared with a manual reference
      method. These were compared using normal values developed in the study for
      determination of sensitivity of the method, utilizing arbitration where
      necessary. Statistical analyses were performed including ANOVA, imprecision,
      sample size efficiency, and clinical sensitivity. Whereas the two methods (manual
      and automated) are quite different technologically, the mean differences are not
      significantly different for clinical purposes. The automated method is very
      precise. The normal values developed for the ELT 800/WS are comparable not only
      to the manual values developed by NCCLS but also to earlier values used for
      reference in the laboratory. In studies to identify or to classify samples as
      either normal or distributionally or morphologically abnormal, a false abnormal
      rate of 6.3% and a morphologically false abnormal rate of 8.7% were found. When
      the specific types are considered, in only two instances (3.2%) did the test
      method fail to show an operator alert with an abnormal specimen. The performance
      of the ELT-800/WS seems to be as accurate and as sensitive as the reference
      manual method and is satisfactory for clinical decision-making.

PMID- 3834964
TI  - Comparison of performance for leukocyte differential counting of the Technicon
      H6000 system with a manual reference method using the NCCLS standard.
AB  - The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) has published a
      tentative standard for leukocyte differential counting, by means of which a
      manual or automated method for leukocyte differential counting can be compared
      with a manual reference method. The performance of the Technicon H6000 system was
      evaluated using the standard at Stamford and Overlook Hospitals. A total of 502
      patient samples were analyzed: 315 from Overlook and 187 from Stamford. The H6000
      system was found to be approximately four times more precise than the 200-cell
      manual reference method for each cell type. Correlation of the H6000 system with
      the manual method was good, with correlation coefficients of 0.98 for neutrophils
      and lymphocytes, 0.96 for eosinophils, 0.72 for monocytes, and 0.5 for basophils.
      The clinical sensitivity of the H6000 system, measured in terms of false normals
      and false abnormals, was similar to that of the manual reference method when
      measured against itself. There were no clinically significant discrepancies in
      results from the H6000 system, except for possibly one case where a patient was
      already on antibiotic therapy. The NCCLS standard was found to be a useful but
      rather complex and involved method for evaluating the performance of the H6000
      system, the major problem being the amount of work needed to count manually the
      number of cells required for the manual reference method.

PMID- 3834965
TI  - Evaluation of leukocyte differential counts on the QBC centrifugal hematology
      analyzer according to NCCLS standard H20-T.
AB  - A performance study of the QBC centrifugal hematology system was conducted
      according to reference and analytical procedures defined in NCCLS Tentative
      Standard for Leukocyte Differential Counting, H20-T. A complex mathematical
      transformation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to the test data.
      This statistical technique is intended to segregate and emphasize differences in
      samples and methods. The comparative study of leukocyte differential counts show
      that QBC is equivalent in performance to the NCCLS reference method when the
      latter counts are grouped according to the WBC subpopulations reported by QBC.
      Within these grouped subpopulations, QBC counts were more precise than manual
      reference counts and otherwise comparable in terms of results. Similarly, QBC
      compared favorably with the reference method in its clinical sensitivity to
      abnormals, based on between-method versus within-method studies of hospital
      specimens.

PMID- 3834966
TI  - The clinical value of qualitative peripheral blood leukocyte changes.
AB  - The assessment of qualitative leukocyte changes is rarely useful to the clinician
      in making a precise diagnosis of illness unless a quantitative leukocyte
      abnormality also exists. This may, however, soon change. Current technology,
      albeit in the setting of malignancy, permits lymphoid subset identification,
      which has proved to be of immense clinical importance. One may expect that new
      reagents detecting other leukocyte subsets will yield equally exciting
      information about nonmalignant diseases. If this technology is to be of
      widespread clinical value, then standardization of reagents, equipment and
      technologist performance must parallel progress in antigen detection and disease
      definition. A model for the setting of such standard can be found in the
      systematic approach used by the NCCLS for the evaluation of leukocyte counting
      devices.

PMID- 3834967
TI  - Quality control of automated cellular analyses -- the fallibility of embalmed
      blood.
AB  - The use of preserved blood for quality control is well established. The treatment
      of such materials to extend their life can impart a property to those materials
      such that external contaminants to diluents used for subsequent analysis may not
      be detected by these materials and give a false sense of security in a quality
      control program. The effect of the contaminant on fresh cells is more of a
      problem. Most contaminants affect cell volume, particularly the red cells which
      have been studied in-depth. White cell differential screening by size analysis is
      similarly affected. The recognition of the different properties of fresh and
      preserved blood helps explain results.

PMID- 3834968
TI  - Imprecision of ratio-derived differential leukocyte counts.
AB  - Differential leukocyte counts are very imprecise if determined as the product of
      a total WBC and a percentage obtained by differentiation of a relatively small
      number of cells. The imprecision can be decreased by increasing simultaneously
      the numbers of both the counted and the differentiated cells. An increase of only
      one (such as by automated counting of the WBC) without a simultaneous increase of
      the other one does not lead to an appreciable reduction of the imprecision.

PMID- 3834969
TI  - pH effects on red cell deformability.
AB  - The effect of pH on erythrocyte deformability was determined in the
      ektacytometer. In isotonic solutions, cell deformability was essentially
      unaltered at pH values from 6.44 to 7.7, despite the known cell volume changes
      that occur over this pH range. Analysis by osmotic scan ektacytometry showed that
      erythrocyte deformability is homeostatically maintained constant during acidosis
      and alkalosis because of a balance between the countervailing effects of changes
      in intracellular viscosity and in the surface to volume ratio. This balance is
      perturbed in the sickle erythrocyte, so that acidosis improves deformability.

PMID- 3834970
TI  - Morphologic alterations of blood cells in the impedance aggregometer.
AB  - The scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopic appearance of
      blood cells was studied in correlation with the aggregometer tracing recorded
      after activation of whole blood samples by collagen or ADP. Early morphologic
      alterations of platelets characterized by the formation of marginal pseudopods
      and bulbous protrusions were not indicated by the aggregometer. The initial
      increase in impedance was caused by the attachment of platelets displaying
      typical shape change morphology at the surface of the electrode wires joint with
      collagenous fibrils in collagen activated specimens. During further increase in
      impedance, aggregates were detectable in the blood suspension and at the
      electrode, the number and size of which increased up to the maximal extension of
      the aggregometer tracing. Using low doses of ADP (2-3 microM), dissociation of
      aggregates in the blood suspension was detectable by SEM, which was not recorded
      by the aggregometer tracing indicating further limitation of the impedance
      aggregometer. In collagen activated samples, platelet aggregates were covered by
      PMN and monocytes that in TEM displayed distinct phagocytosis of platelet
      fragments and fibrin masses. In ADP specimens, activation of leukocytes was only
      rarely detectable. The detection of mixed aggregates may be important for further
      employment of the impedance aggregometer in the diagnosis of hematologic
      diseases.

PMID- 3834971
TI  - Alteration of glucose metabolism in liver by acute administration of cannabis.
AB  - In previous research on the effects of cannabis on cellular functions the authors
      observed an increase in glucose metabolism in the postmitochondrial fraction of
      the liver of rats submitted to chronic administration of cannabis extracts.
      Continuing this research on rats submitted to acute cannabis intoxication a
      single dose of cannabis extract (600 mg/kg) in olive oil is administered to male
      adult rats and the animals are killed within a 36-hour period. The analyses show
      that energetic and detoxifying metabolism of glucose is increased, as indicated
      by the increase of F-1, 6-di P-aldolase and uridin-diphosphoglucose-dehydrogenase
      activities, which parallels the observed decrease of glycogen levels. Maximum
      effect appears between 8 and 16 hours after administration.

PMID- 3834972
TI  - [Future of health services research in the European Community].

PMID- 3834973
TI  - [Future of health and health services].

PMID- 3834974
TI  - [Specialization in medicine from the standpoint of health needs].

PMID- 3834975
TI  - [Revascularization of excluded kidneys].

PMID- 3834976
TI  - [Surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension].

PMID- 3834977
TI  - [Current indications for revascularization surgery].

PMID- 3834978
TI  - [Prevention and medical treatment of polyregional vascular lesions].

PMID- 3834979
TI  - [Aneurysms of the abdominal aorta: indications for surgery and treatment of
      associated vascular lesions].

PMID- 3834980
TI  - [Obstructive arteriopathy of lower limbs].

PMID- 3834981
TI  - [The impact of coronary disease in patients with obstructive lesions of the
      carotid arteries].

PMID- 3834982
TI  - [Surgical treatment of critical congenital cardiopathies].

PMID- 3834983
TI  - [The patient who had undergone surgery for congenital cardiopathy: general
      problems].

PMID- 3834984
TI  - [Obstacles to the outflow of the left ventricle].

PMID- 3834985
TI  - [Tetralogy of Fallot: postoperative evaluation].

PMID- 3834986
TI  - [Transposition of great vessels].

PMID- 3834987
TI  - [Communication problems in physician-patient relations].

PMID- 3834988
TI  - [Mitral valve prolapse and sports: introduction].

PMID- 3834989
TI  - [Diagnosis and evaluation of anatomical severity and hemodynamics in mitral valve
      prolapse].

PMID- 3834990
TI  - [Clinical and functional evaluation of athletes with mitral valve prolapse].

PMID- 3834991
TI  - [Clinical significance of electrocardiographic anomalies in athletes with mitral
      valve prolapse].

PMID- 3834992
TI  - [Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function in young subjects with
      mitral valve prolapse].

PMID- 3834993
TI  - [Risk of arrhythmia in athletes with mitral valve prolapse].

PMID- 3834994
TI  - [Mitral valve prolapse syndrome and sports. Conclusive considerations: current
      prognostic criteria and research prospects].

PMID- 3834995
TI  - [Value and limitations of electropharmacological tests in the selection of anti
      arrhythmic therapy in malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmia].

PMID- 3834996
TI  - [Professionalism and being professional. How does the concept of profession
      evolve].

PMID- 3834997
TI  - [Doppler echocardiography (real-time two-dimensional color-flow echocardiography)
      in the diagnosis of congenital heart defects and heart valve diseases].

PMID- 3834998
TI  - [Usefulness of the end-systolic stress-fractional shortening relations in the
      evaluation of left ventricular function].

PMID- 3834999
TI  - [Dipyridamole-induced reduction of regional myocardial perfusion: fact or
      fiction?].

PMID- 3835000
TI  - [Coenzyme Q10 in dilated cardiomyopathy: a biochemical approach to the treatment.
      Preliminary data].

PMID- 3835001
TI  - [Echocardiographic and angiographic aspects of chronic rupture of an aneurysm of
      the sinus of Valsalva into the right ventricle].

PMID- 3835002
TI  - Reference values for urea, creatinine and electrolytes in Zimbabwean males.

PMID- 3835003
TI  - Phytochemical screening of some Zimbabwean medicinal plants.

PMID- 3835004
TI  - Acute non-specific epididymitis in early infancy: case report and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 3835005
TI  - Treating mild to moderate hypertension.

PMID- 3835006
TI  - Antibiotic prescribing in Zimbabwe.

PMID- 3835007
TI  - Cardiovascular instability following acute cervical spinal cord trauma.
AB  - Irregularities in vital sign (pulse, blood pressure, cardiac rhythm) recordings
      are commonly observed following acute spinal cord injury. These abnormalities
      have been generally attributed to autonomic instability. However, there have been
      no clinical reports that evaluate these problems in a large group of acutely
      injured patients. Therefore, this study was performed on 45 patients with acute
      cervical spinal cord injuries to evaluate the incidence, severity, and risk
      factors for cardiovascular instability. This investigation revealed that there is
      a direct correlation between the severity of the cord injury and the incidence
      and severity of cardiovascular problems. Endotracheal suctioning with or without
      documented hypoxia are major causes of severe bradycardia and cardiac arrest
      within the first 2 weeks after trauma. Careful monitoring of severely injured
      patients and attention to the warning signs of cardiovascular instability can
      reduce the risk of life-threatening emergencies.

PMID- 3835008
TI  - Critical neuromonitoring at spinal and brainstem levels by somatosensory evoked
      potentials.
AB  - Electronic averaging makes it possible to analyze somatosensory evoked potentials
      (SEP) recorded noninvasively from the body surface in man. With noncephalic
      reference recording, the SEP discloses a series of components that are volume
      conducted from distinct open-field generators with a geometry adequate to produce
      external potential gradients over the head. Farfields are brief positive dips
      with widespread distribution that present stationary onset and peak latencies all
      over. They reflect the propagated afferent volley in axons bundles, thus in
      brachial plexus (P9), dorsal column (P11), and medial lemniscus (P14). Somehow
      unexpectedly, SEP traces also disclose a widespread prolonged farfield N18 of
      negative polarity that reflects neural generators in the brainstem below
      thalamus. Nearfields can be positive or negative, and they reflect neural
      generators located less than about 50 mm from the electrode. They are influenced
      to a greater extent by the position of the recording electrodes. For example,
      neck electrodes can follow the upward propagation of the dorsal column volley
      (N11), whereas scalp electrodes can map out the distinct contralateral parietal
      (N20, P27) or frontal (P22, N30) cortical generators. Electrodes around the neck
      also disclose the posterior N13 and anterior P13 responses that reflect the two
      sides of the same dorsal horn generator with a horizontal axis. Bit-mapped
      topographic color imaging of potential fields provides detailed data on time and
      spatial features of the different SEP neural generators. SEP neuromonitoring can
      use these results to titrate input to spinal cord (nerve potentials or P9
      farfield), spinal generators (N11 nearfield or N13-P13 nearfield in posterior-to
      anterior neck montages), brainstem generators (P14 farfield and N18 response), or
      cortical generators (parietal N20-P27 or frontal P22-N30). The central
      somatosensory conduction time can be titrated from the spinal entry and cortical
      arrival times measured in neck and scalp recordings.

PMID- 3835010
TI  - Alcohol dependence syndrome in north western Sri Lanka.

PMID- 3835009
TI  - Sensory evoked responses in head injury.
AB  - Head trauma is a significant source of morbidity in the United States each year.
      Approximately 700 patients were admitted to our surgical intensive care unit with
      some degree of head trauma in a 24-month period. Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) was 8
      or less in 90% of this group, and 3 or 4 in 43%. Sensory evoked responses were
      recorded in over 500 patients. This study is reported to demonstrate that optimum
      care of the injured brain depends on titration of care aimed at maintaining
      normal neuronal function. In our series, 25% of the patients with GCS of 3 or 4
      returned home or to a rehabilitation unit, a significant decrease in morbidity
      over other reported series. Chemical paralysis and barbiturate coma were a factor
      in the decision to monitor in 50-60% of the series. In these patients, the
      auditory brainstem evoked response (ABR), a monitor of brainstem neuroelectrical
      function, and the somatosensory evoked response, a monitor of brainstem and
      cortical function, were used to follow the effectiveness of medical and surgical
      management in these patients, since neurologic examination was of limited value.
      Case reports are presented to demonstrate that even at high barbiturate levels,
      access to the integrity of the central nervous system is still possible.
      Relations among GCS, computerized tomography (CT), intracranial pressure (ICP),
      ABR, pupillary response, and outcome were studied for a subgroup of 114 patients.
      All of these clinical parameters, except CT findings, were significantly
      correlated with outcome using Chi-square analysis. When the data were further
      analyzed with linear regression analysis, however, the only parameters that
      significantly correlated with outcome were pupil reactivity and ABR. The
      principal conclusion of this report is that the main application of serial
      monitoring of the sensory central pathway in the head-injured patient is not in
      the prediction of outcome but in the titration of care of the patient for the
      preservation of neuronal function.

PMID- 3835011
TI  - Jaccoud's arthritis.

PMID- 3835012
TI  - [Inflammatory pseudotumors of the orbit (apropos of a case)].

PMID- 3835013
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy of the cryopreserved corneal endothelium: a
      critical study in man and animals].

PMID- 3835015
TI  - [Present status of instrumentation in vitreous surgery].

PMID- 3835014
TI  - [Principal complications of lens implantation. Apropos of 60 cases].

PMID- 3835016
TI  - [Papillary drusen complicated by optic atrophy].

PMID- 3835017
TI  - [Surgical treatment of pediatric esotropia].

PMID- 3835018
TI  - [Surgical treatment of A and V syndromes. Apropos of 300 cases].

PMID- 3835019
TI  - [Uveal microanatomy using resin injection].

PMID- 3835020
TI  - [A very misleading palpebral wound. Value of the examination of the trigeminal
      nerve].

PMID- 3835021
TI  - [Atypical ophthalmologic manifestations of Horton's disease: anterior segmentitis
      and bulbar pseudoconjunctivitis].

PMID- 3835022
TI  - [A case of Horton's disease with atypical ocular manifestation].

PMID- 3835023
TI  - [Importance of the retractor muscles in palpebral surgery].

PMID- 3835024
TI  - [Cranial fibrous dysplasia. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3835025
TI  - [Hydatid cyst of the orbit. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3835026
TI  - [Cavernous hemangioma of the retina. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3835027
TI  - [Course of diabetic retinopathy under the insulin pump].

PMID- 3835028
TI  - [Morphologic study of the vessels of the pars plana].

PMID- 3835029
TI  - [Intra-chamber adrenaline infusion in the extracapsular surgery of the lens.
      Value and limitations of the method].

PMID- 3835030
TI  - [Method of progressive surgery of the anterior segment. The preventive treatment
      of astigmatism].

PMID- 3835031
TI  - [Protected sclerocleisis in glaucoma. A Vietnamese technic].

PMID- 3835032
TI  - [2 cases of acquired Brown's syndrome].

PMID- 3835033
TI  - [Sector designs in 1983].

PMID- 3835035
TI  - Is red cell sodium transport a function of pressure?
AB  - Sodium efflux from normal red cells was measured as a function of pressure to
      test whether abnormal sodium transport in hypertension is a direct consequence of
      the increased arterial pressure. Red cells were loaded with 22Na and sodium
      efflux was measured at 37 degrees C while the samples were in a bomb at constant
      pressures of 200 mmHg or 517 mmHg. Control samples were incubated concurrently at
      atmospheric pressure and the same temperature. The effect of preincubation of
      blood at 200 mmHg for 3.5 h on sodium efflux was also measured. 22Na efflux and
      first order efflux rate constants were similar in high and normal pressure
      samples in each case. These findings suggest that acute changes in pressure have
      no effect on erythrocyte sodium efflux, which in turn implies that abnormal
      membrane transport in hypertension is not a consequence of the raised arterial
      pressure.

PMID- 3835034
TI  - Sodium chloride preference and recognition threshold in normotensive subjects on
      high and low salt diet.
AB  - Young adult volunteers were placed on two week periods of high and low-salt diets
      following dietetic counselling and using normally available foodstuffs. Changes
      in sodium recognition threshold, salivary and urinary electrolytes and preference
      for NaCl, NaCl/KCl (1:1) mix and monosodium glutamate were measured during the
      high- and low-salt diet periods and during two-week control periods with subjects
      on their usual diet. Sodium preference was defined as the sodium concentration of
      unsalted tomato juice following ad libitum addition of a sodium salt till the
      most preferred taste was achieved. Subjects served as their own controls across
      the dietary periods in a cross-over design. While sodium excretion on the low
      salt diet was significantly less than at on the high-salt diet, there were no
      significant changes in blood pressure, sodium recognition threshold, body weight
      or salivary electrolytes between these dietary periods. There was a significant
      increase in preference for NaCl, NaCl/KCl mix and monosodium glutamate on the
      high-salt diet when compared to the low-salt diet period. In all dietary periods
      less sodium was added to the unsalted tomato juice with monosodium glutamate than
      with NaCl/KCl and less sodium was added with the NaCl/KCl mix than with the NaCl.
      This study demonstrates that relatively short periods of increased sodium intake
      result in an increase in sodium preference in the absence of changes in salivary
      electrolytes or recognition threshold.

PMID- 3835037
TI  - Eighth annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Hypertension. Osaka, Japan,
      October 18-19, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3835036
TI  - Influence of renal capsule on kidney function in hypertension.
AB  - Proximal tubular hydrostatic pressure (PT) and subcapsular pressure i.e. renal
      interstitial pressure (PS) were measured in isolated perfused kidneys of
      normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and of spontaneously hypertensive rats
      (SHR). At a renal perfusion pressure of 90 mmHg PT and PS were significantly
      lower in kidneys of SHR rats, while the fractional potassium and magnesium
      excretion rates were elevated. Superimposed venous occlusion of 15 mmHg increased
      PT as well as PS in both strains of rats but to the same level, while the
      increase in fractional electrolyte excretion (sodium, potassium, chloride,
      calcium and magnesium) was again much more pronounced in kidneys of the SHR rats.
      Decapsulation of the kidneys of the WKY strain lowered the PT values to that
      observed in SHR rats. Venous pressure elevation under these conditions yielded
      the same electrolyte excretion pattern in both types of kidneys. At comparable
      elevated PT and PS values in kidneys of the SHR rats the electrolyte excretion
      rats were much higher during venous occlusion than at increased perfusion
      pressure. The same experimental conditions in kidneys of WKY rats resulted in
      different values of PT and PS, whereas the electrolyte excretion rates were the
      same. The results strongly suggest that: 1) the absolute values of the intrarenal
      pressures are not correlated with electrolyte excretion pattern; 2) venous
      pressure elevation has a profound effect on electrolyte excretion rate only in
      SHR kidneys and in the decapsulated kidney of the WKY rat; 3) the capsular
      compliance in kidneys of SHR rats is higher.

PMID- 3835038
TI  - Effects of D-penicillamine on collagen biosynthesis by fibroblast cell cultures.
AB  - The effects of D-penicillamine on collagen and total protein synthesis by
      fibroblast cell cultures were studied. High concentration of D-penicillamine (10
      mmol/l) produced a toxic effect consisting of inhibition of growth and a non
      specific increase in protein synthesis. A low concentration of D-penicillamine
      (100 mumol/l) decreased the biosynthesis of both type I and type III collagens.

PMID- 3835039
TI  - Effects of histamine receptor antagonism on adrenaline-induced changes in blood
      pressure in intact dogs.
AB  - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that histamine may contribute to
      the vasodepressor response which occurs in response to physiologic increments in
      adrenaline concentration in intact animals. Accordingly, following a control
      period of 30 min, adrenaline was infused intravenously for 45 min at a rate of
      250 ng/kg per min in 14 anaesthetized dogs (Group I). A second group of eight
      dogs received an identical adrenaline infusion following complete H1- and H2
      histamine receptor antagonism with tripelennamine plus cimetidine (Group II). A
      time control group of experiments, in which no drugs were infused, as well as
      groups receiving adrenaline plus either tripelennamine or cimetidine, were also
      performed. In Group I, adrenaline infusion increased heart rate and reduced mean
      arterial blood pressure by 10 mmHg (P less than 0.01). Following combined H1- and
      H2-histamine receptor antagonism (Group II), adrenaline infusion failed to reduce
      mean arterial blood pressure. However, mean arterial blood pressure was reduced
      significantly in the groups receiving adrenaline plus only one of the histamine
      receptor blocking agents. Since only the combined histamine receptor blockade
      completely eliminated the vasodepressor response to adrenaline, the data suggest
      that histamine may play a physiological role in the vasodepressor response to
      circulating adrenaline in the intact animal, and that both H1- and H2-histamine
      receptors may be involved.

PMID- 3835040
TI  - Effect of pregnancy in the rabbit on the pressor response to angiotensin and
      noradrenaline.
AB  - The pressor responses to angiotensin II injections of 29, 117 and 468 pmol/kg and
      infusion at 54 pmol/kg per min were compared in near-term pregnant and matched
      non-pregnant rabbits. The responses to noradrenaline injections of 652, 2608 and
      10 432 pmol/kg and infusion at 1185 pmol/kg per min were similarly compared. At
      all doses of angiotensin and noradrenaline, whether by injection or infusion, the
      response of the pregnant animals was significantly greater. However the control
      arterial pressures of the pregnant rabbits were lower and fell in a range where
      the baroreceptor reflex might be less effective. Thus less efficient buffering
      could contribute to the greater response to the vasoconstrictor agents. To test
      the effect of pregnancy on the vascular response to angiotensin and noradrenaline
      when reflex and central effects were excluded, hexamethonium was used to produce
      autonomic ganglion blockade. The response to both vasoconstrictors was now less
      in the pregnant rabbits than in the non-pregnant. Thus in assessing the effects
      of pregnancy on the responses of the rabbit to angiotensin and noradrenaline the
      effect of pregnancy on mean blood pressure must be taken into account, since this
      can influence the extent to which the arterial baroreceptors may modulate the
      response.

PMID- 3835041
TI  - Effects of the intraperitoneal administration of diazepam on rat serum
      lipoproteins separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - In normolipidaemic young rats the intraperitoneal administration of diazepam (10
      mg/kg) induced a marked fall of the total serum lipids and total cholesterol. A
      dose of 5 mg/kg brought about an increase of HDL2 lipoprotein fraction and an
      elevation of the HDL2/HDL2.HDL3 ratio. Margarine administration elicited a
      significant augmentation of the total serum lipids and a reduction of the
      HDL2/HDL2.HDL3 ratio. The intraperitoneal injection of diazepam in margarine
      treated rats brought about a decrease of total serum lipids and total
      cholesterol, (when compared to the margarine values), an obvious elevation of the
      HDL2 fraction and of HDL2/HDL2.HDL3 ratio. The LDL1 (beta) fraction was
      decreased. These data confirm our earlier findings which show that diazepam
      improves the HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio.

PMID- 3835042
TI  - Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by histamine agonists and antagonists.
AB  - The histamine H1 and/or H2-receptor agonists showed weak acetylcholinesterase
      inhibitory activity. Their dissociation constants (Kis and/or Kii) were 2-methyl
      histamine (Kis = 1751 mumol/l, s.e. = 163) less than 4-methyl histamine (Kis =
      3551 mumol/l, s.e. = 414) less than dimaprit (Kis = 2931 mumol/l, s.e. = 605; Kii
      = 3668 mumol/l, s.e. = 901) less than histamine (Kis = 6480 mumol/l, s.e. =
      1360). Both histamine H1 and H2-receptor antagonists showed stronger
      acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Their dissociation constants were
      ranitidine (Kii = 1.56 mumol/l, s.e. = 0.14) less than oxmetidine (Kis = 14.7
      mumol/l, s.e. = 1) less than mepyramine (Kis = 178 mumol/l, s.e. = 23; Kii = 440
      mumol/l, s.e. = 98) less than cimetidine (Kis = 199 mumol/l, s.e. = 12; Kii = 827
      mumol/l, s.e. = 126). Using the ROSFIT programs for fitting data to common enzyme
      kinetic models, the inhibition caused by histamine, 4-methyl histamine, 2-methyl
      histamine, oxmetidine and neostigmine was of the competitive type. Mepyramine,
      cimetidine and dimaprit appeared to exhibit the modern non-competitive type of
      inhibition with their primary action on the enzyme rather than on the enzyme
      substrate complex. Ranitidine seemed to act on the enzyme-substrate complex
      rather than the enzyme, conforming to the uncompetitive inhibition model. The
      clinical implications of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by cimetidine and
      ranitidine are discussed.

PMID- 3835043
TI  - [A case of "bilateral" superior cerebellar artery syndrome associated with
      bilocular basilar-top aneurysm].

PMID- 3835044
TI  - [Hypothyroid myopathy, report of a case developing after commencement of
      substitution therapy].

PMID- 3835045
TI  - [Long-term follow-up study of seventeen cases with Wilson's disease].

PMID- 3835046
TI  - [Autosomal dominant osteosclerosis associated with familial spinal canal
      stenosis].

PMID- 3835047
TI  - [Quantitative analysis of muscular wasting of the lower limbs in Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy by computed tomography].

PMID- 3835048
TI  - [Myoclonus in Alzheimer disease].

PMID- 3835050
TI  - [Validity of an antibody-captured-ELISA (IgM-C-ELISA, IgG-C-ELISA) method for the
      early diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis].

PMID- 3835049
TI  - [Evoked potentials in neuro-Behcet's syndrome].

PMID- 3835051
TI  - [Non-paralytic pontine exotropia].

PMID- 3835052
TI  - [Coexistent fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid arteries and an
      intracavernous carotid aneurysm--case report].

PMID- 3835053
TI  - [Anterior spinal artery syndrome--as a result of dissecans of the aorta].

PMID- 3835054
TI  - [The diffusing capacity and measurement of PaO2 before and after exercise in
      patients with cardiac or pulmonary diseases].

PMID- 3835055
TI  - [Preliminary evaluation of the clinical application of multibreath nitrogen
      washout].

PMID- 3835056
TI  - [Regression equations for estimating the predicted value of lung function tests
      for physical labor of moderate strength].

PMID- 3835057
TI  - [Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in broncholithiasis].

PMID- 3835058
TI  - [Bronchofiberoscopy in 73 patients with diffuse pulmonary disease].

PMID- 3835059
TI  - [Microlithiasis (report of 2 cases and review of the literature)].

PMID- 3835060
TI  - [Report of 18 cases of cough syncope].

PMID- 3835061
TI  - [Clinical study of lung cancer detected by mass X-ray survey].

PMID- 3835062
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

PMID- 3835063
TI  - Aetiology of diarrhoea in malnourished children at Kenyatta National Hospital.

PMID- 3835065
TI  - Mental health problems of refugees in East Africa.

PMID- 3835064
TI  - A national BCG scar survey in the estimation of BCG vaccination coverage in
      Kenya.

PMID- 3835066
TI  - Age estimation in clinical and public health research.

PMID- 3835067
TI  - Head injury in children: a study of 120 cases.

PMID- 3835068
TI  - HBs antigen and blood donors in Benin City, Nigeria.

PMID- 3835069
TI  - Some aspects of cervical cancer in young African women in Kenya.

PMID- 3835070
TI  - Acrodermatitis enteropathica: case report and review of the literature.

PMID- 3835071
TI  - Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in workers of a
      metallurgical plant.

PMID- 3835072
TI  - Exposure of AET, MEA or 5HT pre-treated pregnant mice to X-irradiation. I. DNA
      content of foetal kidneys and heart.

PMID- 3835073
TI  - Exposure of AET, MEA or 5HT pre-treated pregnant mice to X-irradiation. II. Body
      weight of pregnant females, number and weight of live foetuses, and placental
      weight.

PMID- 3835075
TI  - Role of the spleen in cell-mediated immunity. III. Effect of syngeneic spleen
      implantations on transplantation reactivity to the H-Y antigen in splenectomized
      female mice.

PMID- 3835074
TI  - The rhythm of acid phosphatase activity in adult and old rat livers.

PMID- 3835076
TI  - Reaction of the cerebral hemisphere tissue of rats to neonatal injury. A
      quantitative autoradiographic study.

PMID- 3835077
TI  - Neutral sugar composition of the glycopeptide fraction isolated from rat liver
      preparations enriched with smooth endoplasmic membranes.

PMID- 3835078
TI  - Depression of delayed hypersensitivity responses in patients with pertussis.
AB  - Components of Bordetella pertussis cause impairment of cell-mediated immunity in
      experimental animals and children with acute pertussis have been shown to have a
      reduced prevalence of positive tuberculin skin tests (13). Furthermore, secondary
      infection is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in this disease.
      On the basis of these observations, we have studied delayed hypersensitivity
      responses in children with B. pertussis infection and compared the results with
      responses elicited in the same patients one to three months later, as well as
      with responses in control children. During acute illness, each patient was tested
      for 48 hour delayed hypersensitivity response to seven antigens (tetanus and
      diphtheria toxoids and tuberculin, candida, streptococcus, trichophyton and
      proteus antigens) and glycerol control. Responses were quantitated by total
      number of antigens positive (greater than or equal to 2 mm) and total millimeters
      of response. The control group (N = 11) had 4.2 +/- 1.0 positive antigens and
      13.3 +/- 2.7 total mm of response. In contrast, the patients with acute
      pertussis, (N = 6) had significantly reduced responses, with only 1.5 +/- 1.0
      positive antigens and 5.4 +/- 3.2 total mm of response (each different from
      control, p less than 0.001). That this difference was due to the acute infection
      with B. pertussis is supported by the responses demonstrated on retest 1-3 months
      later. At that time, the convalescent patients had 3.3 +/- 1.0 antigens positive
      and 11.0 +/- 1.7 mm of induration, not significantly different from the control
      group. Four of the six pertussis patients were outpatients throughout their
      course and all recovered uneventfully.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3835079
TI  - Anti-pertussis toxin IgG and anti-filamentous hemagglutinin IgG production in
      children immunized with pertussis acellular vaccine and comparison of these
      titers with the sera of pertussis convalescent children.
AB  - Serum was taken from 195 infant pertussis patients several times at appropriate
      intervals, and antibodies to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin were
      evaluated by the ELISA. The geometric mean titers were low for both IgG
      antibodies at the onset of the disease, and rose to about 30 U/ml for both
      antibodies in the convalescent sera. All convalescent sera showed high titers of
      anti-PT IgG antibody. Paired serum samples were collected from 685 children
      before and four weeks after the second primary dose of immunization with the
      component vaccine. The titers were less than 1.0 and 1.8 U/ml for anti-PT and
      anti-FHA IgG, respectively for pre-immunization, and 22 and 66 U/ml for anti-PT
      and anti-FHA IgG, respectively for after immunization. When children six months
      of age were immunized with the component vaccine, good antibody responses were
      seen and no significant differences of antibody response by age were observed.
      There were 71 children who were immunized twice with the component vaccine and
      were considered to be exposed to infection by household members. Nine children
      out of 71 had weak or typical attacks of pertussis, and the attack rate was about
      13% (9/71). It was concluded that the newly developed vaccine is suitable for
      children with respect to immunogenicity, and it was assumed that 20 to 30 ELISA
      U/ml of anti-PT and anti-FHA IgG is sufficient for protection from pertussis.

PMID- 3835080
TI  - Whooping cough and pertussis vaccine: a comparison of risks and benefits in
      Britain during the period 1968-83.
AB  - Since 1975, acceptance of pertussis vaccine has fallen from over 70% to 50% or
      less in most parts of Britain. This permits evaluation of a continuing natural
      experiment in which the frequency and severity of whooping cough can be compared
      those of adverse events following injections of pertussis vaccine. National data
      show an increase in notifications of whooping cough in most parts of Britain
      since 1975. Hospital admissions show considerable variation between areas with
      relatively high rates in some areas of deprivation but very low rates in more
      affluent areas even where vaccine-acceptance is around 50%. Deaths of infants
      with whooping cough have decreased steadily since 1900, the rate since 1975 being
      the lowest ever. Active epidemiological surveillance in Glasgow, with a
      population of 216,000 children and 13,000 births annually, shows that outbreaks
      and severe cases requiring admission to hospital were concentrated consistently
      in a few areas of deprivation. There is a significant correlation between vaccine
      acceptance and hospital admission by district of residence but analysis of
      variance shows this effect to be less than that of overcrowding in households and
      other deprivation variables. In each of three outbreaks studied prospectively
      (1974-5, 78-78 and 82) about 30% of cases occurred in children who had received
      three doses of pertussis vaccine. Such vaccination had a significant protective
      effect in children aged 1-4 years but not in older children. There was no
      evidence of a herd immunity sufficient to protect infants below age for
      vaccination. Admissions to hospital decreased during the period 1970-83. There
      were no deaths attributable to proven or suspected infections with Bordetella
      pertussis during the period 1972-1983. No cases of encephalopathy, permanent
      brain damage or lung damage were detected in a follow up of all cases notified,
      surveyed or admitted to hospital between 1975 and 1982. Collectively, these
      national and local data provided estimates of the frequency of infection,
      complications of infection, admission to hospital and death in children with
      whooping cough for comparison with local, national and published estimates of the
      frequency and severity of adverse reactions, encephalopathy, permanent brain
      damage and death after injections of pertussis vaccine. It is concluded that, in
      children living in non-deprived circumstances in Britain, the risk of pertussis
      vaccine during the period 1970-83 exceeded those of whooping cough. In some
      deprived sectors, the risks from whooping cough might have been marginally higher
      but there was no evidence that this was associated with any increase in deaths or
      permanent disabilities.

PMID- 3835081
TI  - Is the acute encephalopathy test in mice suited for control of pertussis
      vaccines?
AB  - Animal models to control the serious neurological complications after vaccination
      against whooping cough are not available. In a recent paper pertussis vaccine
      induced acute encephalopathy in certain mouse strains (1). Healthy BALB/c mice
      died with shock-like symptoms after immunization with bovine serum albumin (BSA)
      and heat-killed pertussis. Mice not sensitized with BSA survived, and mice of
      strains with another H-2 type than H-2d were not susceptible. The authors
      concluded that the susceptibility to side effects to pertussis vaccine in mice
      and possibly in human is linked to the MHC. We tried to repeat the experiments
      reported by Steinman et al. in the hope that the murine encephalopathy model
      would be useful to evaluate possible neurological complications. In spite of
      having the same H-2d genotype, the BALB/c mice of two breeding stocks did not
      develop shock-like symptoms with fatal consequences after the last injection with
      BSA. This fact corresponds possibly with the author's observation that the
      pertussis vaccine encephalopathy is not under the control of H-2 genes alone. As
      shown in our tests the sudden deaths and encephalopathy in mice are not linked to
      BSA-sensitization because mice who received pertussis vaccine only showed the
      same symptoms as mice injected with BSA and vaccine. Histology did not indicate
      brain damage. It seems obvious that the deaths in our experiments were caused by
      the pertussis toxins present in the large numbers of bacteria given.

PMID- 3835082
TI  - A curious histamine-sensitizing activity shown by the newly-developed Japanese
      acellular pertussis vaccine.
AB  - A new acellular pertussis vaccine, whose official name is "Precipitated Purified
      Pertussis Vaccine" (PPV), was prescribed in the Japanese Minimum Requirements for
      Biological Products in 1981. The PPV is composed of partially detoxified
      fractions of pertussis cells. The histamine-sensitizing (HS) activities of PPV
      vaccines are less than those of killed whole pertussis cell vaccines (WPV)
      produced in Japan until 1980, when the histamine challenge was carried out in
      mice on day four after injection. It was found that when the histamine challenge
      day was delayed that the HS activities of some lots of PPV gradually increased
      from those estimated on day four after injection of PPV and reached the maximum
      in about 12 days, while the activity of the reference whole cell pertussis
      vaccine reached the maximum several days after injection and then gradually
      decreased. Hereafter, HS activities of test materials estimated on days four and
      12 after injection are referred to as early HS (EHS) and late HS (LHS)
      activities, respectively. Since LHS activity of the reference whole cell vaccine
      is lower than its EHS activity and the reverse is true with many lots of PPV, it
      is often observed that the EHS activity of PPV according to the Japanese
      requirement for PPV, ranges from 0.02 to 2.0 HSU whereas activities of some lots
      of PPV were estimated at 5.0 to 25.0 HSU. The relationship of the detoxifying
      process to EHS and LHS activities was studied with bulk materials, which were
      used for the purification procedure but prior to the detoxification process for
      the production of PPV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3835083
TI  - A live vaccine against pertussis.
AB  - Animal experiments have shown that oral administration of live Bordetella
      pertussis induces a protective immune response. The biological properties of a
      nonpathogenic Bordetella pertussis strain, its toxicity and immunogenicity in
      mice were investigated. Comparative studies of the intraperitoneal and the oral
      route of immunization have shown that there was high mortality following
      intraperitoneal administration of the highest dose, whereas none of the doses of
      vaccine given orally led to appreciably higher mortality than that observed in
      control animals. The oral method of immunization when employing a stable, non
      toxic, live vaccine strain, may be of value for women of child-bearing age,
      pregnant women, and for pediatric and nursing personnel exposed to the risk of
      pertussis infection. Infants may benefit by transplacentally conferred protection
      as well as being actively immunized at an early age after birth.

PMID- 3835085
TI  - [Occupational and environmental pathology of the visual system].

PMID- 3835084
TI  - [Aortocoronary arteriosclerosis: ultrastructural aspects and correlation with
      blood lipid parameters. Preliminary results].

PMID- 3835086
TI  - [Importance of the determination of serum fructosamine in gestational diabetes].

PMID- 3835087
TI  - [Use of pantethine in dyslipidemia of chronic uremic patients under dialysis
      treatment].

PMID- 3835088
TI  - [Hepatotoxicity of dibekacin: correlation between the ultrastructural aspects and
      hemato-chemical parameters in an experimental model].

PMID- 3835089
TI  - 3-Methylhistidine urinary excretion as an index of skeletal muscle protein
      metabolism: reference values.

PMID- 3835090
TI  - [Effect of diclofenac on the opiate withdrawal syndrome].

PMID- 3835091
TI  - [Preliminary results of a long-term double-blind study of naftidrofuryl and a
      placebo in patients with moderate Alzheimer-type senile dementia].

PMID- 3835092
TI  - [Cardiac sudden death. Testing of an extra-hospital emergency system].
AB  - From December 1979 to April 1984, 266 victims of cardiac arrest outside the
      hospital in the metropolitan area of Florence received advanced cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation by a system for medical emergencies. 69 patients (25.9%) were
      successfully resuscitated and 42 (15.7%) were discharged alive from hospital
      without any neurological damage. The time delay between the onset of the cardiac
      arrest and the cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, the cardiac rhythm present on
      arrival of rescue squad, the degree of congestive heart failure immediately
      before the cardiac arrest and the neurological deficit after resuscitation
      significatively influenced immediate and late outcome.

PMID- 3835093
TI  - [Limitation of the area of necrosis induced by quinacrine after coronary
      occlusion in the dog].
AB  - Phospholipase activation has been suggested to represent one of the most relevant
      biochemical steps toward irreversible myocardial injury during ischemia.
      Accordingly, the time-course of myocardial phospholipid degradation was studied
      in 167 rats surviving coronary artery occlusion randomly divided into 83 controls
      and 84 treated with the phospholipase inhibitor quinacrine (75 mg/Kg s.c. every 8
      h). The animals were sacrificed at different times ranging from 2 to 48 h post
      occlusion and phospholipids and creatine kinase activity (CK) were measured on
      the supernatant of the left ventricular homogenates. In control animals a rapid
      fall in phospholipid concentration (from 1.33 +/- 0.12 to 0.67 +/- 0.05 microgram
      P/mg of protein) and CK activity (from 9.84 +/- 0.49 to 6.93 +/- 0.60 IU/mg of
      protein) was observed within 4 hours post-occlusion; these parameters remained
      almost unchanged throughout the rest of the study. In quinacrine-treated animals
      left ventricular phospholipids and CK also fell during the first hours post
      occlusion; however, 24 and 48 h after the occlusion they were significantly
      higher than in controls (phospholipids: 0.99 +/- 0.05 vs 0.62 +/- 0.04 microgram
      P/mg of protein, p less than 0.001, and CK: 7.76 +/- 0.54 vs 4.99 +/- 0.37 IU/mg
      of protein, p less than 0.001, at 48 h). The effect of quinacrine on the extent
      of necrosis was then assessed in 13 anesthetized dogs undergoing ligation of the
      left anterior descending coronary artery. To measure the area at risk (RZ), 99Tc
      PP labeled albumin microspheres were injected into the left atrium 5 min after
      coronary occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3835094
TI  - 10-year follow-up of patients with intraventricular conduction defects associated
      with myocardial infarction: the meaning of QRS duration.
AB  - The 10-year survival rate of 66 patients discharged after an acute myocardial
      infarction associated with intraventricular conduction delay is reported. The
      whole population under study consisted of 321 patients followed for 10 years or
      until death. In 46 patients (69.7%) the conduction delay was a definite
      complication of infarction, in 15 (22.7%) it preceded the acute event and in 5
      (7.5%) the time of onset was undetermined. Mortality in the presence of a
      conduction delay was 74.2% in 10 years vs 39.2% in its absence (p less than
      .001). Death was sudden in 41.6% of fatalities when a conduction defect was
      present and 28% in its absence (p less than .01). The 10-year survival was 55% in
      patients with conduction defects and QRS less than .12 sec duration, 23.8% if QRS
      was between .12 and .14 sec, and 4% when QRS duration was greater than .14 sec.
      72% of patients of this latter group was in NYHA class 3 or 4, whereas 70% of
      patients with QRS less than .12 sec and 47% of patients with QRS .12 to .14 sec
      were in class 1 or 2. These data show that long-term prognosis of conduction
      delay associated to myocardial infarction is poor and stratification of risk of
      death is possible among these patients on the basis of QRS duration.

PMID- 3835095
TI  - [Hypotension during ventricular pacing. A study of the vagal reflex component].
AB  - It has been suggested that hypotension during ventricular pacing (V) could be
      caused by a parasympathetic vasodilating reflex. In order to evaluate this
      hypothesis, we studied 10 patients who had wide fluctuations of arterial pressure
      during V. Intra-arterial pressure, right atrial pressure, EKG and cardiac index
      (thermodilution) were determined in the following conditions: basal rhythm (B),
      V, atrioventricular pacing (A-V) and ventricular-atrial pacing (V-A). The same
      investigations have been carried out in the same conditions (B,V,A-V,V-A) after
      atropine 0.03 mg/Kg intravenously. The arterial blood pressure during V decreased
      markedly simultaneously with the appearance of cannon waves in the right atrial
      pressure tracing. During A-V the arterial pressure remained stable at the highest
      level observed during V. The start of V-A pacing induced a marked drop of
      arterial pressure, which, however, gradually increased to a level slightly lower
      than during A-V pacing. After atropine the arterial blood pressure during V
      decreased again in all patients concomitantly to the appearance of cannon waves
      in the atrium as before atropine. The values of arterial blood pressure during B,
      A-V and V-A were not different from those measured before atropine. Therefore, an
      increase of parasympathetic activity during V is not responsible for the wide
      fluctuation of arterial blood pressure. A possible role of sympathetic failure
      must be considered.

PMID- 3835096
TI  - [The retriggerable refractory period: a rare cause of apparent sensing
      malfunctioning in various types of VVI pacemakers].
AB  - The retriggerable Refractory Period (RP) is an anti-interference device that
      causes prolongation of the RP in the presence of rapid false signals. The device
      starts functioning when a suprathreshold impulse manifests during the second half
      of the RP of the pacemaker; in such a case the RP itself is retriggered, i.e., re
      starts from the moment in which the retrigger occurs. As a consequence, the time
      during which the pacer cannot be recycled is prolonged. We report a case of
      unusual pseudo-malfunction caused by the retriggerable RP observed in a patient
      paced with a Lit 222 Sorin VVI pacemaker. Spontaneous QRS complexes coupled up to
      480 ms appeared as not senses, i.e. did not reset the pacemaker, whereas
      complexes occurring at 510 ms or more from the spike provoked a normal recycling,
      and complexes coupled at 490-500 ms resulted in partial recycling. This pattern
      has been interpreted assuming that a spurious signal (probably an afterpotential)
      occurs shortly after the paced stimulus. Such a signal falls in the retriggerable
      RP, resulting in prolongation of the RP. Spontaneous QRS, thus, cannot be sensed
      until 480 ms from the paced impulse. The chest wall stimulation has clarified the
      principles governing the functioning of the retriggerable RP. When the RP is
      retriggered three times in the course of a single pacemaker cycle, the pacer
      varies its mode of functioning, being the pacing rate increased to a value
      identical to the magnet rate. Furthermore, the RP is extremely prolonged,
      occupying the 90% of the pacing interval; only impulses occurring during the last
      80 ms, thus, are able to reset the PM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3835097
TI  - [The influence of age on left ventricular function in patients with recent
      myocardial infarct].
AB  - To assess the effects of age on the left ventricular function at rest and during
      exercise in patients with first recent myocardial infarction, a symptom-limited
      exercise test was performed in 470 patients within 2 months from the acute
      episode, in supine position during hemodynamic and electrocardiographic
      monitoring after drug interruption and wash-out period. According to the age, the
      patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (less than or equal to 40 years) 68
      patients; group 2 (41-59 years) 319 patients and group 3 (greater than or equal
      to 60 years) 83 patients. Coronary angiography was performed within 6 months in
      159 patients. The possible differences in the hemodynamic pattern of these groups
      were analyzed with ANOVA and chi 2 test. Pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure
      and cardiac output of each patient were compared to the normal values obtained in
      different age groups. The normal limits adopted are reported. At rest cardiac
      output and stroke volume were significantly lower and the rate pressure product
      higher in patients of group 3. Maximal work load was significantly lower (62 +/-
      26 watts p less than .05) and pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure higher (27
      +/- 7 mmHg, p less than .05) in group 3 as compared to groups 2 (78 +/- 29 watts,
      23 +/- 8 mmHg) and 1 (94 +/- 28 watts, 19 +/- 9 mmHg). However using different
      normal limits according to age (less than or equal to 20 mmHg in patients less
      than or equal to 60 years and less than or equal to 25 mmHg in patients greater
      than 60 years) the number of patients with an abnormal increase of pulmonary
      artery end-diastolic pressure was similar in all groups: 39.7%, 60.6% and 50.6%
      (NS) in group 1, 2 and 3 respectively. On the contrary cardiac output was
      abnormally low during exercise in 16.8% of group 3 vs 5.6% and 5.8% of groups 2
      and 1 (p less than .05). The greater hemodynamic impairment of group 3 was
      independent from the electrocardiographic size of necrosis, from ST-segment
      depression during exercise and from the number of involved coronary vessels. In
      conclusion, age seems to play a significant role in determining the hemodynamic
      pattern in patients with recent myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3835098
TI  - [Heart rupture as a complication of myocardial infarct in the acute stage. Case
      contributions and clinical course of survivors].
AB  - Heart rupture was found in 25 (4.4%) of 560 patients with myocardial infarction
      admitted to the Coronary Care Unit of the Department of Cardiology, Padua Medical
      School. Ten (40%) of them had a breaking of the free wall, 10 the
      interventricular septum, 4 (16%) a papillary muscle and 1 (4%) the ventricular
      wall with formation of a pseudoaneurysm. Thirteen patients died suddenly, the
      other 12 (48%) had cardiac catheterisation and later surgery. Four patients with
      interventricular defect died immediately after surgery, the other patients were
      discharged. Mortality was 68%; 30% on the patients with VSD as well as those with
      papillary muscle rupture and pseudo aneurysm survived.

PMID- 3835099
TI  - [Reinterventions on cardiac valve prosthesis].
AB  - From January 1978 to December 1984, 214 patients underwent a total of 243
      reoperations for repair or replacement of a prosthetic heart valve. On the basis
      of the number of valve reoperations in the same anatomic position within the
      heart, the patients were divided into three groups. Overall hospital mortality
      was 23.4% (CL 20.3-26.7) in Group I (214 patients), 48% (CL 36.1-60.1) in Group
      II (25 patients), 25% (CL 3.3-62.6) in Group III (4 patients). Hospital mortality
      appeared to be related to urgency of reoperation (p less than 0.001 in Group I; p
      = 0.037 in Group II), primary indication for reoperation (p = 0.034 in Group I; p
      = 0.022 in Group II), association with other cardiac surgical procedures (p =
      0.00253 in Group I). Hospital mortality in Group I was significantly higher (p =
      0.0056) when reoperation was performed within one year after valve replacement.
      No significant differences in urgency and emergency rate were noted between
      reoperations on mechanical heart valves and bioprostheses. No significant
      differences in bleeding complications were noted between reoperations and initial
      valve replacement. Mean follow-up is 37.4 +/- 21.8 months (range 2 to 85 months).
      Actuarial survival rate is 82.8 +/- 3.1% at 1 year, 78.7 +/- 3.5% at 2 years and
      71.5 +/- 5.1% at 5 years; 90.9% (CL 87.4-93.6) of the followed patients are in I
      or II NYHA class. The results appear to suggest that when significant (on
      clinical or instrumental criteria) prosthetic disfunction is diagnosed,
      reoperation should be undertaken early to minimize operative risk. The Authors
      point out that surgery in such patients also ensures satisfying long-term
      results.

PMID- 3835100
TI  - [The exercise test in variant angina].

PMID- 3835101
TI  - [Kearns-Sayre syndrome and mitral valve prolapse. Description of a clinical
      case].
AB  - We report a clinical case with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia,
      retinal pigmentation and left anterior hemiblock (Kearns-Sayre Syndrome)
      associated with mitral valve prolapse. The mitral valve prolapse is present in
      familiar neuromuscular diseases. We think that mitral valve prolapse is
      expression of diffuse metabolic process of muscular heart in Kearns-Sayre
      Syndrome.

PMID- 3835103
TI  - [Isolated right ventricular infarct. Description of a case].
AB  - We report a case of extensive isolated right ventricular infarction, which was
      the result of proximal occlusion of a small right coronary artery in a dominant
      left coronary arterial system. The diagnosis and treatment of right ventricular
      infarction are discussed and the literature is reviewed.

PMID- 3835102
TI  - [Clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings in a case of
      vasospastic angina with alternating pseudonormalization of the ST segment].
AB  - During Ergonovine-test a patient with Prinzmetal angina presented (in I, aVL, V3
      V6) ST downsloping which, after a temporary phase of alternative normalization
      (AST) beat to beat in V5, progressed to ST upsloping with typical angina. The M
      mode echo-study first discovered, before than ecg, septal impairment (hypokinesia
      which increased to akinesia in the AST phase) and also asynergy of posterior wall
      of left ventricle. After intravenous nitrate echo-alterations reversed more
      rapidly than ecg one (transitional phase of ST decrease). The authors relate the
      AST to temporary alternative pseudonormalization caused by a phase of electrical
      instability during progressive vasospastic ischemia involving first the
      endocardial layers and after the epicardium of a single myocardiocoronary
      district. Probably also other partially opposite ischaemic districts, as
      suggested from echo data of posterior wall asynergy took a part in these events.
      This rare ST-alternans type as new pseudonormalization phenomenon and the
      usefulness of echo-study during ischaemic attacks are stressed.

PMID- 3835104
TI  - [Strategies for health education in cardiology].
AB  - Health education still lacks content and represents an undefined field.
      Nevertheless, it may be a cheap, simple and reliable tool to offer the public,
      thus giving them knowledge concerning the prevention and the treatment of and the
      rehabilitation from heart disease. Different strategies are available, but it is
      of paramount importance for physicians and nurses working in the field of
      cardiology, to change their attitude in approaching patients and to have
      specialized training. Numerous post-graduate courses dealing with new diagnostic
      and therapeutic procedures are continuously conducted in our Country. On the
      contrary, very little has been done to stimulate medical staff to be interested
      in acquiring knowledge of prevention and health education methodology and
      practice. Health policy should therefore be directed to this goal, and the
      performance of the Centres of Cardiology might be augmented with the help of
      volunteer organizations.

PMID- 3835105
TI  - Description and implications for analysis of brain growth in suckling mice.
AB  - The growth pattern of the brains of normal CD-1 mice was studied from day 1
      through day 21 after birth. The main purpose of the study was to decide on
      suitable methods of statistical analysis of these kinds of data including whether
      to analyze brain weight or the brain-to-body weight ratio. A secondary purpose,
      which aided the main purpose, was to find functions that describe the
      relationships between growth parameters. Linear-linear segmented polynomials were
      found to describe well the relationships between brain weight and body weight,
      brain weight and age, brain-to-body weight ratio and body weight and brain-to
      body weight ratio and age. The analyses indicated that brain weight alone is the
      preferred variable to analyze. Regression analysis of brain weight with sex and
      up to the first three powers of body weight and age as independent variables
      would be a suitable method of analysis. Litter size per se had no effect on brain
      weight.

PMID- 3835106
TI  - Segmental heterogeneity of enzymatic response during compensatory renal growth.
AB  - The activities of DNA polymerase alpha and key enzymes of gluconeogenesis and
      glycolysis were measured in different segments of the rat nephron at various
      times (up to 96 hrs) following a unilateral nephrectomy (UNx). Tubule fragments
      were obtained after collagenase treatment followed by centrifugation on a Percoll
      gradient. The DNA polymerase alpha activity in control rats showed moderate and
      similar values in different segmental extracts as well as in the whole kidney
      extract (1700-1800 mumumole [3H] dAMP/mg DNA). In UNx rats, activity in proximal
      tubules (PT) measured at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs after nephrectomy represented an
      increase of 60%, 200%, 420% and 370% respectively over control values. Distal
      tubule fragments (DT) showed only minor increases. The results demonstrate that
      the proximal tubule accounts for most of the compensatory renal growth (CRG) in
      the remaining kidney. The gluconeogenic and glycolytic enzymes were confined to
      the PT and those of glycolysis to the DT fragments. Following UNx, the specific
      activities of these enzymes were not modified in the remaining kidney; however,
      the overall activity of gluconeogenesis was increased as a result of the cell
      hyperplasia occurring in the PT. Our work also illustrates that biochemical
      studies of CRG on the whole organ may provide misleading information due to the
      presence of heterogenous cell populations in the mammalian kidney and to their
      uneven response in CRG.

PMID- 3835107
TI  - A brief study of within litter and within strain variation in skeletal muscle
      fiber number in three lines of laboratory rodents.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to describe the soleus muscle fiber number
      variation within litter and within strain of three lines of laboratory rodents in
      an effort to determine the value of these lines in muscle fiber number research.
      The three lines of laboratory rodents used for the study were inbred mice (18
      litters, 113 animals), outbred mice (8 litters, 97 animals), and inbred rats (14
      litters, 126 animals). The animals were sacrificed at approximately 7 weeks of
      age and the soleus muscle from the right leg was removed for fiber number
      determination. Fiber number was determined by the nitric acid digestion method.
      The mean percent difference between the animals with the highest and lowest fiber
      number within litters was 14.4%, 13.0%, and 18.3% for inbred mice, outbred mice,
      and inbred rats, respectively. This was substantially less than the 38.2%, 27.8%,
      and 49.1% differences, respectively, that existed within strain. The results of
      this study indicate that fiber number variation within litter and within strain
      in the three lines of laboratory rodents used in this study would make comparison
      of fiber number between animals difficult to interpret.

PMID- 3835108
TI  - Effect of increased growth rate during the suckling period on subsequent body
      weight and muscle weight to body weight ratio.
AB  - The effect of increased growth rate during the suckling period on subsequent body
      growth rate and muscle weight to body weight (MW/BW) ratio was examined in inbred
      and outbred male and female mice. Growth rate during the suckling period was
      increased by reducing litter size to 4 pups within six hours of birth. Body
      weight, MW/BW ratio, and dry weight to wet weight (DW/WW) ratio for the soleus,
      tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, biceps brachii, and heart muscles
      were measured at 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks of age. The results indicate that
      increasing growth rate during the suckling period results in an increased body
      weight at 24 weeks of age in outbred male and female mice; whereas, in inbred
      male and female mice body weight is greater at 4 weeks of age but by 8 weeks of
      age the mice raised in normal litters have "caught up" with those raised in small
      litters. MW/BW ratio is increased in several muscles during the suckling period
      but returns to normal during the post weaning period.

PMID- 3835109
TI  - The effects of steroids on respiratory tolerance and somatic growth in gender
      specific asphyxiated newborn rats.
AB  - Gender-specific newborn rats were randomized into two treatment groups:
      experimental (received steroid) and control (administered normal saline). Steroid
      treatment was initiated on 2nd day of life. Hydrocortisone sodium succinate at 10
      mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally every 12 hours for four doses. On 3rd
      day of life, after the last dosage, all rats were asphyxiated once in a
      standardized manner. Steroids had no effect in improving respiratory tolerance.
      The experimental group in both genders, but more predominantly in females, gained
      less body weight compared to control littermates. However, no differences in
      somatic growth was detected between genders. This finding in newborn rats is in
      contrast to older rats where males are reported to be less resistant to the
      growth retarding effects of steroids.

PMID- 3835110
TI  - Energy and protein relations in the broiler chicken. 2. Effect of varied protein
      and constant carbohydrate levels on body composition and lipid metabolism.
AB  - Male broiler chicks were fed diets containing 18, 23 or 30% protein on an ad
      libitum basis for 3 weeks. Chicks were also fed these diets on a restriction
      regime consisting of seven 3-day cycles (2 days with and 1 day without feed).
      Another group of chicks were fed diets containing 12, 23 or 30% protein on a 3
      day rotation consisting of a daily change in dietary protein. Ad libitum. Feed
      intakes of chicks were inversely (P less than .05) related to the level of the
      dietary protein. Body composition data seemed to support a positive (P less than
      .05) relationship between dietary protein and total carcass protein and an
      inverse (P less than .05) relationship between dietary protein and carcass fat.
      In vitro lipogenesis was greater (P less than .05) in chicks fed an 18% protein
      diet than in chicks fed either 23 or 30% protein diets. Restricted. Protein
      levels had no effect on lipogenesis in chicks fed on a restriction regime but
      regulated lipogenesis in chicks fed on the rotational regime. Fatty acid
      synthetase, malic enzyme and isocitrate dehydrogenase activities, when measured
      during the rotational regime, were greatest following the 12% diet and least
      following the 30% diet. Enzyme activities, determined during the restriction
      regime, were greatest (P less than .05) after 1 day of refeeding and least (P
      less than .05) after 1 day of feed withdrawal. Measurement of net glucose
      production in vitro indicated that high-protein diets and feed withdrawal
      stimulated production of glucose.

PMID- 3835111
TI  - Static genetic and phenotypic allometry of dental traits in inbred and hybrid
      house mice.
AB  - Static allometric coefficients were estimated by regression and reduced major
      axis methods for second and third mandibular molar widths scaled on body weight
      in 42-day-old inbred and hybrid house mice. Phenotypic slopes were calculated by
      combining inbred and hybrid strains, and genetic slopes were obtained from
      differences among the strains. It was hypothesized that the genetic scaling,
      which reflects the expected evolutionary allometry between populations if they
      have been produced from directional selection on body weight alone, would exceed
      the phenotypic scaling. The genetic coefficients were generally higher (average
      regression estimates in inbreds = 0.65) than the phenotypic ones (comparable
      average = 0.47), but the differences were non-significant. It was concluded that
      the higher scaling of tooth dimensions in interspecies versus intraspecies
      comparisons typically found in previous studies therefore could not necessarily
      be explained as a secondary response to selection for body size, although more
      information is needed about trends in the scaling of mammalian teeth at different
      ages.

PMID- 3835112
TI  - An aspect of growth analysis of weight in savannah baboon.
AB  - Two approaches on growth analysis were discussed for the longitudinal growth data
      in body weight for the savannah baboon. A relative measure of maturity was
      proposed for setting up empirical growth models of body weight from birth to
      adulthood. A generalized logistic type growth model was suitable for the growth
      of body weight of the male savannah baboon and a Gompertz type growth model was
      better for female than a generalized logistic type model. Based upon the average
      weights, some characters of growth curves were statistically estimated for the
      average male and female. The ages of onset and completion of adolescence were
      defined mathematically rather than biologically. The growth models were
      linearized for comparing and predicting sample growth curves by transforming the
      time scale. The relative amounts of information per observation were shown in the
      figure which might be useful for designing an observation scheme in longitudinal
      growth study.

PMID- 3835114
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of gram negative bacteria to amikacin and its comparison
      with three other aminoglycoside antibiotics.

PMID- 3835113
TI  - Allometric growth of the rat peritoneal mast cell mass and of the granular
      constituents: heparin, histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine.
AB  - This paper reports an attempt to measure the normal growth of connective tissue
      mast cells in rats aged 6 to 24 weeks. We used peritoneal mast cells as a model,
      and calculated the total mast cell mass and the mass of its components from total
      peritoneal mast cell numbers and their content of protein, heparin, histamine and
      5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). The growth process was analysed with the aid of
      allometric, log-log plots of mast cell quantities versus body weight and linear
      regression, in order to facilitate comparisons with other systems, notably the
      lymphoid apparatus. We found that the growth of peritoneal mast cells conformed
      to the allometric principle (r = 0.91 to 0.93). There were no deviations from
      linearity or changes in the slope (growth rate constant, k) of the allometric
      lines within the studied growth interval. K ranged from 1.3 to 1.7, indicating
      that the mast cell mass and its different components grew at a faster rate than
      the body as a whole, typical of a late maturing cell system. The mode of growth
      of the peritoneal mast cells is thus distinctly different from that of the
      lymphoid system, and neither thymus involution nor sexual maturation appears to
      influence the growth of these cells.

PMID- 3835115
TI  - Alcoholic liver disease in north India--a biopsy study.

PMID- 3835116
TI  - Observations on the role of vespertilionid bats in relation to non-human
      vertebrate reservoir in Indian kala-azar.

PMID- 3835117
TI  - Benign cystic teratoma (dermoid) of the testis. A case report.

PMID- 3835118
TI  - Histoplasma colitis.

PMID- 3835119
TI  - Subcutaneous phycomycosis.

PMID- 3835120
TI  - Salmonella mbandeka--rare serotype isolated in Ambajogai--a rural area.

PMID- 3835121
TI  - Bacteriological study of Salmonella newport strains isolated during an epidemic
      in Delhi.

PMID- 3835122
TI  - Acute effects of alcohol on platelet functions.

PMID- 3835123
TI  - Serum ceruloplasmin in cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis.

PMID- 3835124
TI  - Serum ceruloplasmin in infective hepatitis.

PMID- 3835125
TI  - Subcutaneous nodules in brucellosis.

PMID- 3835126
TI  - An evaluation of conventional tests for serodiagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis &
      factors influencing seropositivity.

PMID- 3835127
TI  - Rhinosporidiosis in Amritsar (Punjab).

PMID- 3835128
TI  - Mycosis fungoides (a case report).

PMID- 3835129
TI  - Proliferative myositis (report of two cases).

PMID- 3835130
TI  - A giant cell tumor in the hand (a case report).

PMID- 3835131
TI  - Poliomyelitis through the ages.

PMID- 3835132
TI  - Poliomyelitis and the control programme.

PMID- 3835133
TI  - Immunisation against poliomyelitis--present concepts and practice.

PMID- 3835134
TI  - National programme for the control of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 3835135
TI  - Paralytic poliomyelitis in children: some facts and figures from a hospital at
      Calcutta--1.

PMID- 3835136
TI  - Paralytic poliomyelitis in children--Part II. Age, sex and seasonal distribution.

PMID- 3835137
TI  - Some bio-social factors for drop out of children undergoing oral polio
      vaccination.

PMID- 3835138
TI  - Poliomyelitis surveillance in Delhi.

PMID- 3835139
TI  - Serum ferritin in healthy school children.

PMID- 3835140
TI  - Craniofacial malformations.

PMID- 3835141
TI  - Immunisation status of children below 5 years in a defined rural population.

PMID- 3835143
TI  - Foreign body in the esophagus.

PMID- 3835142
TI  - Correlation of permanent teeth, stature and weight.

PMID- 3835145
TI  - Tuberous sclerosis.

PMID- 3835144
TI  - Uretero-pelvic obstruction.

PMID- 3835146
TI  - Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis due to tuberculous hilar adenitis.

PMID- 3835147
TI  - First branchial cleft sinus: a diagnostic trap for the unwary.

PMID- 3835150
TI  - Immunisation of children using the alternate strategy.

PMID- 3835148
TI  - Cobalt in Indian childhood cirrhosis.

PMID- 3835149
TI  - Unusual iatrogenic complications of intravenous therapy.

PMID- 3835151
TI  - Achondrogenesis-I.

PMID- 3835152
TI  - The psychological niche of older Japanese and Americans through auto-photography:
      aging and the search for peace.
AB  - In an effort to understand aging cross-culturally, photography as a universal
      language was used to perceive the perceiver. Persons averaging seventy-three
      years of age from Japan and the United States were asked to describe "Who are
      you?" by taking (or having someone else take) six photographs. A content analysis
      of the photographs showed that older Japanese appear to be inward oriented
      (inside own territory, gardens, residence) and aesthetically oriented, while
      older Americans were more oriented toward other people. The results were
      interpreted in terms of differences in the search for peace. Peace is sought
      through self-harmony in the orient, but through social harmony in the occident.

PMID- 3835153
TI  - Therapists' attitudes as explanation of underservice of elderly in mental health:
      testing an old hypothesis.
AB  - The literature in mental health and aging has long argued that the presumably
      negative attitudes of therapists toward the aged are a major barrier to the aged
      receiving psychotherapy services. This investigation compared two measures of
      attitudes in a college student sample in order to test the reliability and
      validity of two commonly used measures of attitude in the general population. The
      same scales were then used in a sample of sixty-six mental health workers. The
      results suggest that Likert ratings and semantic differentials, although tapping
      a common dimension, differ in sensitivity to personal experience with the aged,
      that therapists had more positive beliefs about the elderly than did college
      students, and that therapist attitudes were not correlated with either proportion
      of elderly clients seen or desire to work with elderly. Work site emerged as an
      important predictor of numbers of elderly seen by therapists. It is argued that
      future research ought to focus on systems level variables in seeking to overcome
      barriers to therapy.

PMID- 3835154
TI  - Age differences in processing: assessments of depth, elaboration and encoding
      retrieval compatibility with multidimensional scaling.
AB  - Young, middle-age, and old adults ranked similarities of word pairs in a
      conditional rank-ordering task. Multidimensional scaling analyses of those
      similarity judgments provided measures of depth of processing (the kind of
      attribute dimensions considered in ranking similarities) and elaboration (the
      number of dimensions considered). Analyses of variance revealed an age-related
      decline in semantic processing but no such decline for elaboration. In recalling
      the words after the rank-ordering task, old adults' retrieval was less compatible
      with initial processing than was the case for younger adults, i.e., there was
      less correspondence between inter-word distances in recall and in the scaling
      solutions. The results confirmed the feasibility of multidimensional scaling
      methods for evaluating levels-of-processing issues.

PMID- 3835155
TI  - The church and the elderly: the impact of changing age strata on congregations.
AB  - This study reports the results of a survey of forty-four Lutheran Churches in the
      New York metropolitan area. It describes present and projected services and
      programs churches offer to the elderly, specifically investigating the impact of
      changing age strata upon congregations. A significant relationship was found
      between proportion of the elderly within the congregation and the pastors'
      interest in developing specialized ministries to the elderly. There was also a
      significant relationship between the proportion of the elderly within the
      congregation and the pastors' interest in structural modifications of the church
      building. However, no significant differences were found between the proportion
      of elderly with the congregation and the actual programs and services to the
      elderly. This may be an indication that churches with high proportions of the
      elderly had less financial and congregational resources.

PMID- 3835156
TI  - Self-assessed and functional health of older women.
AB  - This study examines the contributions made by functional health, age self
      concept, and attitudes, and demographic variables toward explaining health self
      assessments in a sample of older women. The participants in the study were a
      simple random sample of white females (114) over age sixty years and who were
      residents in five apartment complexes for the aged in a large Midwestern city.
      Significant correlations to self-assessment of health were found among measures
      of functional health, self-concept and attitudes, and demographic variables.
      Multiple regression analysis using five variables (self-assessment of speed,
      emotional behavior, age self-concept, body care and movement, and occupation)
      explained almost 40 percent of variance in self-assessment of health data.

PMID- 3835157
TI  - Age stereotyping: are we oversimplifying the phenomenon?
AB  - This study investigates the use of age stereotypes in evaluating individuals'
      behavior in context-specific situations. One hundred university students assessed
      young male, young female, old male, and old female characters in four vignettes
      using the Rosencranz and McNevin Semantic Differential. The data revealed limited
      but conflicting evidence of the use of stereotypes when the stimuli portrayed
      target characters in lifelike situations rather than in an experimental vacuum.
      It is argued that while stereotyping can occur in specific contexts, its form is
      greatly influenced by other aspects of the situation. The need to reconceptualize
      the notion of stereotypes of the elderly is discussed, and a shift in emphasis
      toward the analysis of subgroup stereotypes as opposed to one consistent global
      stereotype of old age is urged.

PMID- 3835158
TI  - The epididymal factor--a diagnostic approach.

PMID- 3835159
TI  - Spontaneous improvement in semen quality: regression towards the mean.
AB  - Regression towards the mean was demonstrated in semen analyses from 216 donors
      for artificial insemination by selecting those with low sperm concentration (less
      than 40 X 10(6)/ml), low motility (less than 50%) or low motility index (less
      than 120) in the first test. For each characteristic, the result was
      significantly higher in the second test, the means for first and second tests
      being, for sperm concentration 28 and 56 million per ml (n = 14, P less than
      0.01), for motility 42 and 55% (n = 14, P less than 0.01) and for the motility
      index 95 and 131 (n = 24, P less than 0.001). Regression towards the mean occurs
      whenever extremes of the range of a variable and selected for re-measurement.
      Many of the current treatments for oligospermia and asthenospermia have been
      promoted because semen quality improved during uncontrolled studies in which this
      phenomenon may have been operative. Using means of multiple samples before and
      following therapeutic intervention will not prevent regression towards the mean,
      only reduce its magnitude. Thus, placebos are essential in the evaluation of
      treatments for male infertility.

PMID- 3835160
TI  - Are conventional sperm morphology and motility assessments of predictive value in
      subfertile men?
AB  - Sperm morphology and motility are believed to be important prognostic factors for
      fertility. Results of a group of 67 men investigated for primary infertility who
      had mean sperm concentrations greater than 5 million per ml and who later
      produced pregnancies, were compared with those of 67 matched controls who
      remained infertile. All female partners were potentially fertile. The groups were
      matched for other known prognostic factors for fertility, namely, wife's age, the
      duration of infertility, sperm concentration and varicocele size. There were no
      significant differences between the two groups overall in the (mean +/- SEM)% of
      sperm with normal morphology (58.3 +/- 2.1; 58.5 +/- 2.2), or motility (40.6 +/-
      1.8; 37.0 +/- 2.0). However, among oligospermic men from the two groups, sperm
      motility was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the subsequently fertile
      group (43.1 +/- 2.6%) than in the persistently infertile group (33.3 +/- 3.7).
      These results indicate that sperm morphology as currently assessed may not be
      important in predicting fertility in subfertile men with a mean sperm
      concentration over 5 million/ml and the % sperm motility may only be a relevant
      predictor in oligospermic men.

PMID- 3835161
TI  - Postnatal differentiation of the enzymatic activity of the mouse epididymis.
AB  - Dehydrogenase and hydrolase activities were assessed histochemically during
      postnatal development of the mouse epididymis. At birth the activities of various
      enzymes were demonstrable along the epithelium at the same intensity. Variations
      occurred in the intensity of enzyme activities in principal cells, leading to
      regional differentiation which progressed according to an ascending pattern from
      the distal part (2nd week) to the medial and proximal parts (3rd week). The
      proximal part reached its definitive differentiation at the 4th week when the 5
      segments characteristic of the adult state were distinguishable. At the same
      time, 3 types of "apical cells" (narrow, prominent and mitochondria-goblet cells)
      in the proximal part and "clear cells" in the medial and distal parts showed
      higher activity of several enzymes (dehydrogenases, acid phosphatase, Ca2+
      ATPase) than did adjacent principal cells. This histochemical data has led us to
      propose a model for epididymal cell differentiation in the mouse. The role of
      androgens in the development of those regional differences is discussed.

PMID- 3835162
TI  - Inhibition of liquefaction and protein degradation in human semen by gossypol.
AB  - The liquefaction of freshly ejaculated human semen was delayed by gossypol.
      Liquefaction is normally accompanied by an autolytic degradation of semen
      proteins, and prior incubation with gossypol can inhibit factors (presumably
      proteinases) present in seminal plasma that degrade semen proteins. The possible
      consequences of this inhibition are discussed in relation to the proposed use of
      gossypol as a vaginal contraceptive.

PMID- 3835163
TI  - Thoracoplasty with intercostal myoplasty for closure of an empyema cavity and
      bronchopleural fistula.
AB  - Intercostal myoplasty with thoracoplasty was performed in 42 patients with
      tubercular and bacterial empyema, after the failure of conventional therapy with
      antibiotics, antitubercular drugs and closed drainage. In the 18 cases with
      bronchopleural fistula, this was closed and the drainage tube was removed after
      23 to 51 days. The procedure was well-tolerated by all the patients, and is safe
      and effective in patients with chronic empyema with or without bronchopleural
      fistula where resectional surgery or decortication is not possible due to
      extensive bilateral disease or low cardiorespiratory reserve. Successful ligation
      and closure of bronchopleural fistula without any mortality was a unique feature
      of this procedure.

PMID- 3835164
TI  - A comparison of three different prophylactic parenteral antibiotic regimens in
      colorectal surgery: a prospective study.
AB  - A double-blind, prospective, randomized study was performed with 90 patients
      undergoing colorectal surgery, to ascertain the prophylactic effect of three
      different parenteral antibiotic programs. The patients were divided into three
      groups. The patients in group 1 received 80 mg Gentamycin and 600 mg Lincomycin
      intramuscularly, two hours preoperatively, and every eight hours postoperatively
      for three days. In group 2, the treatment was similar to group 1 but the
      Lincomycin was replaced by 600 mg Clindamycin. In Group 3, the treatment was also
      similar to group 1, but 500 mg Metronidazole given over 20 minutes replaced the
      Lincomycin. The present study, the first comparing three antianaerobic
      antibiotics and an aminoglycoside in the prophylaxis of infection in colorectal
      surgery, shows certain clinical and socioeconomic benefits, although not
      statistically significant to be found in the group 3 program (Gentamycin plus
      Metronidazole) as compared with the other programs. This advantage was no doubt
      due to the use of Metronidazole (used in group 3 only), because of its
      effectiveness against anaerobic bacteriae.

PMID- 3835165
TI  - Guide tube for the transanal use of circular staplers.
AB  - Guide tubes of three different diameters with corresponding inner obturators are
      very useful in rectal surgery, as they facilitate anorectal intubation,
      evacuation of residual gas after preoperative coloscopy and sub-peritoneal
      dissection of the rectum at the future anastomotic site. After withdrawal of the
      inner obturator, the circular stapler (EEA or ILS) can be introduced aseptically
      and without trauma through the guide tube, and the various adjustment markings of
      the stapler can easily be checked at any moment during the last stages of the
      procedure. Guide tubes are now used, by the author, for the execution of all
      intestinal anastomoses, whether end-to-end or end-to-side, low in the rectum.

PMID- 3835166
TI  - The effects on colonic mucosa of transposition to the stomach.
AB  - In order to investigate the morphological and functional changes produced in the
      colonic mucosa after prolonged exposure to gastric juices, 24 colonic patches
      were implanted on the gastric body and the gastric antrum. The specimens were
      removed, two, four or six months after surgery, and several morpho-functional
      changes were observed. These included a gastric-like transformation of the
      superficial epithelial cells, the presence, exclusively in the colonic patches
      implanted in the gastric body, of cells with large osmiophilic cytoplasmic
      granules and a progressive increase in sialomucin secretion with an almost
      complete disappearance of sulfomucins.

PMID- 3835167
TI  - Effects of pharmacological doses of synthetic salmon calcitonin on wound healing
      in rats.
AB  - The effect of pharmacological doses of synthetic salmon calcitonin (CT) on the
      healing of experimental wounds in rats is studied. Subcutaneous administration of
      20 IU/Kg body weight/day induces a significant increase in collagen content in
      the scars of treated animals at five, eight, ten and 15 days, as compared with
      the scars of non-treated animals. The scars of the treated animals also showed a
      greater tensile strength (TS) than those of the control group, except on day 8.

PMID- 3835168
TI  - Prostaglandin Bx in the prevention of stress ulcers in rats.
AB  - The effect of Prostaglandin Bx (PGBx) on the development of gastric stress
      ulceration and bleeding in rats was investigated. The rats were divided into five
      groups and each rat was injected intravenously with either Saline (control), 0.5
      mg, 1 mg, 5 mg, or 25 mg/kg of PGBx, according to group. The rats were then
      placed in wire conduit cages and placed in a cold room at 4 degrees C for three
      hours and sacrificed immediately afterwards. Results showed a significant
      increase in gastric bleeding and ulceration in the groups that received 1 and 5
      mg/kg (PGBx) when compared to the control group (p less than 0.01). There was,
      however, a significant increase in gastric acid output in the group that received
      1 mg/kg PGBx when compared to the control group (p less than 0.01). Our results
      suggest that PGBx, by a mechanism other than the inhibition of gastric acid
      secretion, maintains the integrity of the gastric mucosa.

PMID- 3835169
TI  - Pedicled omental grafts in the revascularization of ischemic lower limbs in
      Buerger's disease.
AB  - Pedicled omentum, after lengthening, was transferred to the ischemic lower limbs
      of 12 patients with Buerger's disease to assess its capacity to improve the blood
      supply to these compromised extremities. The immediate (after one month) and long
      term (9-12 months) results were encouraging. After one month, rest pain had
      diminished in 83% of cases, claudication was relieved in 75% of cases,
      temperature became normal in all cases (100%) and ischemic ulcers either healed
      or showed signs of healing in 83% of cases. During long-term follow up (after 9
      12 months), the results deteriorated slightly, but they remained promising. Rest
      pain had disappeared in 80% of cases. Claudication was still relieved in 70% of
      cases, temperature was still improved in 60% and ulcers had healed completely in
      67% of cases.

PMID- 3835170
TI  - Secondary hyperparathyroidism and thyroid cancer.
AB  - To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of two cases with
      concomitant secondary hyperparathyroidism and thyroid cancer. Despite previously
      published reports of a possible association between primary hyperparathyroidism
      and non-medullary thyroid cancer, we believe that such an association is
      coincidental. Nevertheless, increased awareness of the possibility of
      encountering and treating both diseases at the same time is advisable.

PMID- 3835171
TI  - Gastric rupture: a danger of postoperative oxygenation with a nasal catheter.
AB  - On the fifth postoperative day after pulmonary lobectomy, a 64-year-old man
      accidentally connected his nasal catheter (providing six liters of oxygen per
      minute) to his nasogastric tube. Tension pneumoperitoneum occurred with acute
      respiratory distress. Gastric rupture occurring during cardio-pulmonary
      resuscitation has been reported several times. Our case illustrates another
      unusual cause of tension pneumoperitoneum. Emergency percutaneous decompression
      was effected with needle aspiration, followed by laparotomy for gastric repair
      covered by an omental flap.

PMID- 3835172
TI  - A case of anomalous adrenal position: the adrenal-renal heterotopia.
AB  - The authors describe a case of adrenal-renal heterotopia. The embryological basis
      for this anomaly and its clinical significance are reviewed.

PMID- 3835173
TI  - Morphometric and histological examinations of dog kidneys after embolization of
      the renal artery with the cyanoacrylic glue "Chirurcoll-Polfa".
AB  - The renal artery in 20 mongrel dogs was embolized with cyanoacrylic glue
      "Chirurcoll-Polfa", introduced through a catheter. The extent of the resulting
      renal infarction of the kidneys was evaluated morphometrically and was found to
      be 71.35 to 91.43% of the volume of the embolized kidneys (mean 77.61%).
      Histological examinations revealed no resorption of the glue after 3 months. In
      the embolized vessels, after 7 days tumefaction and degeneration of the
      reticulin, elastic, and collagen fibres were observed, after 24 days inflammatory
      changes, and after 2 and 3 months respectively, secondary collagenization and
      hyalinization. Inflammatory changes were also found in the perivascular tissue.
      In the sections of the kidneys not involved in the infarction a progressive
      atrophy of the nephrons and fibrosis of the parenchyma were observed 2 and 3
      months after embolization.

PMID- 3835174
TI  - Effect of levamisol on cellular and humoral immune reactivity and on recurrences
      in patients with bladder papilloma.
AB  - Ten patients who had undergone repeated surgical interventions for bladder
      papilloma with successive recurrences within intervals of a few months, were
      given levamisol in weekly doses of 300 mg over a year, and were followed up for
      various cellular immune reactions, as well as for serum globulin and for acute
      phase protein concentrations in the course of treatment. Levamisol was found to
      act primarily on cell-borne responsiveness. The recurrence-free intervals
      increased in the course of treatment. Four patients have remained free from
      recurrences since the start of treatment.

PMID- 3835175
TI  - Renal function, serum calcium and magnesium during treatment of advanced bladder
      carcinoma with cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum: impact of tumour site, patient age
      and magnesium suppletion.
AB  - In a group of ten patients, treated with cisplatin for advanced or metastatic
      urothelial cancer, renal function deteriorated in six. In a group of 28 patients,
      treated with cisplatin for tumours outside the urinary tract, renal function was
      impaired in 14 (50%). Renal function deterioration occurred more frequently in
      later life. Localization of the primary tumour in the urinary tract does not seem
      to predispose to renal function impairment. In contrast with reports in the
      literature, there was a significant decrease in serum calcium levels in spite of
      magnesium suppletion and normal serum magnesium levels. These calcium levels
      spontaneously returned to normal some months after the last treatment course with
      cisplatin.

PMID- 3835176
TI  - Relationship between haemodialysis anaemia and copper and zinc.
AB  - In fifteen chronic haemodialysis patients, serum and corpuscular copper and zinc
      concentrations were examined before and after dialysis. Serum copper levels were
      normal before dialysis and elevated after dialysis. However, corpuscular copper
      levels were low before dialysis and did not change after dialysis. Serum zinc
      concentrations before dialysis were low and significantly increased after
      dialysis. Corpuscular zinc levels before dialysis were high, but were unchanged
      after dialysis. There was a good correlation between serum zinc levels and red
      blood cell counts (RBC) and the value of haemoglobin (Hb), whereas we found no
      significant correlation between levels of serum or corpuscular copper and zinc,
      and of RBC, Hb, haematocrit or serum iron.

PMID- 3835177
TI  - Dialysis treatment in multiple myeloma.
AB  - The histories of three patients suffering from acute renal failure and multiple
      myeloma are reviewed. In two patients oliguric acute renal failure appeared
      following intravenous urography. Although renal failure was treated by dialysis,
      all the three patients died of pulmonary infection. It is concluded that
      prevention of renal failure is still more promising than its treatment.

PMID- 3835179
TI  - 13C NMR studies on cimetidine.

PMID- 3835178
TI  - Activity of circulating monocytes in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Monocytes of 95 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (ch.g.) tested in vitro
      demonstrated characteristics of activation in proliferative, and of functional
      suppression in mesangiocapillary glomerulopathy. Fc and C3 receptor function
      studied by rosette assay and metabolic potential measured by the NBT reduction
      test constituted result patterns. Receptor tests were supplemented with their
      counterparts after monocyte triggering with heat-inactivated sera and in case of
      NBT assay - stimulation with zymosan. Membranous, minimal change, mesangial and
      focal glomerulonephritis monocytes presented less specific configurations of data
      than those of proliferative and mesangiocapillary, with a uniform increase of
      trypsin-resistant Fc receptor activity. There was no appreciable correlation
      between the presence of circulating immune complexes (c.i.c.) in patient sera and
      parameters tested. The mesangiocapillary "suppression pattern" suggests
      mononuclear phagocyte defect in this glomerulopathy.

PMID- 3835180
TI  - Flame ionization detection--thin layer chromatography studies on antibiotics.
      Part: I--Beta-lactams and aminoglycoside.

PMID- 3835181
TI  - Nystatin controls Botryodiplodia rot of pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Burm f.).

PMID- 3835182
TI  - Seasonal incidence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Lat) (Acarina) on a wild host
      Hemiechinus auritus collaris (Gray) (Insectivora).

PMID- 3835183
TI  - Antibacterial activity of extracts of ginger and African oil bean seed.

PMID- 3835184
TI  - Humoral response to rabies vaccines in dogs.

PMID- 3835185
TI  - Feasibility of filter paper disc method for collection of blood for measles
      antibody testing.

PMID- 3835186
TI  - Recent dysentery and gastroenteritis outbreak in some areas of Hooghly Distt.
      (West Bengal).

PMID- 3835187
TI  - A seroepidemiological study of kala-azar in Nepal. A preliminary report.

PMID- 3835188
TI  - Intestinal parasitic infections in a section of population of Port Blair, Andaman
      and Nicobar islands.

PMID- 3835189
TI  - Prevalence of syphilis in South Sudan.

PMID- 3835190
TI  - Variability in the management of the febrile infant under 2 months of age.
AB  - The management in the emergency department of febrile infants less than 2 months
      of age is influenced by the standard of practice in the community. We sought to
      determine if uniform practices existed across the United States. Individual
      academically based faculty from 154 (61%) United States pediatric residency
      programs responding to a questionnaire on the emergency department management of
      febrile infants less than 2 months of age showed great variability. Twenty-nine
      respondents reported written policies and 103 reported informal but defined
      guidelines for the evaluation and management of infants seen at their
      institutions. There was little consensus among the respondents as to the
      definition of fever in this age group. Those at institutions with formal policies
      reported using more laboratory tests in the evaluation. Respondents differed on
      the number and types of tests used and on antibiotic administration. University
      affiliation, type of population served, or presence of advanced training programs
      in ambulatory pediatrics were not related to the type of policy. The care of the
      young febrile infant varies greatly.

PMID- 3835191
TI  - Coma as presenting manifestation of Wernicke's encephalopathy.
AB  - A patient in whom coma was the presenting manifestation of Wernicke's
      encephalopathy is reported. Clinical reports on coma in Wernicke's encephalopathy
      are scarce, but postmortem studies have demonstrated that this form of
      presentation is often not recognized. The diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy
      should be suspected in any patient presenting with coma of unclear etiology.

PMID- 3835192
TI  - The next logical step in the emergency radiographic evaluation of cervical spine
      trauma: the five-view trauma series.
AB  - The five-view standard series is considered the golden standard in the
      radiographic evaluation of the cervical spine. Although the three-view trauma
      series has proved significantly more accurate than the cross-table lateral view
      in the emergency evaluation of patients with cervical spine trauma, this series
      does not deal with questionable findings. The introduction of a five-view trauma
      series, with the inclusion of supine oblique views, is the next logical step in
      the emergency evaluation of these patients. An algorithm for the emergency
      radiographic evaluation of patients with suspected cervical spine trauma is
      proposed.

PMID- 3835193
TI  - Rapid nighttime evacuation of a veterans hospital.
AB  - Loss of essential utilities and danger of explosion forced a rapid nighttime
      winter evacuation of 229 patients from an acute-care Veterans Administration
      hospital. Although distribution of patients to recipient hospitals was not
      optimal, and the location of several patients could not be documented for more
      than 24 hours, the evacuation in subfreezing weather went smoothly. Continuity of
      care and careful planning permitted an orderly return to the hospital five days
      later. Although financial costs were high, no excess mortality or morbidity was
      associated with the evacuation. No changes in pharyngeal gram-negative bacterial
      flora of the patients were noted. Further, a critique is presented to aid in
      planning for similar emergencies elsewhere.

PMID- 3835194
TI  - Distal greater saphenous vein cutdown--technique of choice for rapid volume
      resuscitation.
AB  - Rapid fluid administration is essential for the successful resuscitation of
      hemorrhagic shock. Distal greater saphenous vein cutdown provides quick venous
      access for rapid volume repletion. The advantages of this simple technique
      include the physical characteristics of the vessel and its location. In rare
      instances use of the distal greater saphenous vein may be contraindicated, but in
      the vast majority of cases it is the cutdown procedure of choice for fluid
      resuscitation in the critically injured.

PMID- 3835195
TI  - On the evaluation of the traumatized cervical spine.

PMID- 3835196
TI  - The varied faces of Wernicke's encephalopathy.

PMID- 3835197
TI  - The febrile infant: hard decisions or stubbornness?

PMID- 3835198
TI  - Satisfaction and commitment in homosexual and heterosexual relationships.
AB  - Rusbult's (1980, 1983) investment model was utilized to explore the determinants
      of satisfaction with and commitment to maintain romantic relationships among male
      and female homosexuals and male and female heterosexuals. The study employed a
      questionnaire designed to obtain both specific and global measures of rewards,
      costs, alternatives, and investments, and to obtain global measures of
      satisfaction and commitment. Women, both lesbians and heterosexuals, reported
      that they had invested more in their relationships and were more committed to
      maintaining their relationships than did men. Heterosexuals, male and female,
      reported greater costs and marginally greater investments in their relationships.
      In general, the investment model effectively predicted satisfaction and
      commitment for the sample as a whole and for all four groups of respondents.
      Greater satisfaction with relationships was associated with higher levels of
      rewards and lower levels of costs. Greater commitment was associated with greater
      satisfaction, greater investments, and poorer quality alternatives. Relationship
      costs were more strongly related to satisfaction and commitment for females than
      for males. Differences in the average level and the importance of a wide variety
      of specific predictors were also examined. In general, gender appeared to be a
      more important predictor of the behaviors explored in this study than was sexual
      preference.

PMID- 3835199
TI  - Gay and lesbian parents.
AB  - An anonymous survey of 23 gay and lesbian parents and 16 heterosexual single
      parents was conducted in order to see whether the parents' homosexuality created
      special problems or benefits or both, for their children. Both sets of parents
      reported relatively few serious problems and generally positive relationships
      with their children, with only a minority encouraging sex-typed toys, activities,
      and playmates. Heterosexual parents made a greater effort to provide an opposite
      sex role model for their children, but no other differences in their parenting
      behaviors were found. Gay and lesbian parents saw a number of benefits and
      relatively few problems for their children as a result of their homosexuality,
      with lesbians perceiving greater benefits than gay men. Conversely, the gay males
      reported greater satisfaction with their first child, fewer disagreements with
      their partners over discipline, and a greater tendency to encourage play with sex
      typed toys than did the lesbians. The findings suggest that being homosexual is
      clearly compatible with effective parenting and is not a major issue in parents'
      relationships with their children.

PMID- 3835200
TI  - Homosexual mutuality: variation on a theme by Erik Erikson.
AB  - The exploratory descriptive study described here was conducted in order to
      produce the initial empirical evidence to support reformulation of the
      theoretical construct of heterosexual mutuality (Erikson, 1975). Six persons were
      interviewed in depth on tape in order to locate them on one of four identity
      statuses constructed by Marcia (1964, 1966, 1973). The tool was modified and
      extended to meet the purposes of the study. The questions are directed toward
      illumination of conflictual moments in the life cycle when the ability to make
      appropriate decisions engenders character growth, and supports the personality
      integration of adulthood. An ability to make decisions results in personality
      integration. The small study provides evidence that there exists a homosexual
      mutuality (contrary to Erikson's position) which is no less valuable than
      heterosexual mutuality, and forms an equal basis for adult personality
      integration.

PMID- 3835201
TI  - A critical examination of stage theories of lesbian identity development.
AB  - A general stage theory of lesbian identity development was compiled on the basis
      of six theories of lesbian or gay identity development. The general theory and
      the six specific theories were then examined empirically, using repeated
      interviews with 14 women who were currently experiencing changes with respect to
      their sexual orientation. The data conformed to the general stage theory to a
      large degree, especially at early stages of development, but marked discrepancies
      were also found. Order and timing of events varied among these women, and for
      some lesbian identity did not represent a final stage of development. It was
      found that the process of lesbian identity development, or sexual orientation
      change in general, was very sensitive to the social/historical context.

PMID- 3835202
TI  - Role relationships: lesbian perspectives.
AB  - This questionnaire study of 140 lesbians, 70 couples who have lived together for
      one or more years, explores equality and role relationships. We predicted that
      lesbians would achieve partnerships characterized by equality and freedom from
      traditional butch-femme role playing. Financial sharing and decision-making were
      found to be characterized by high degrees of equality. Household responsibilities
      tended to be performed individually, but no role-playing was evident. Sexual
      intimacy items indicated less perceived equality than other areas. And overall,
      some partners were viewed as unequal. The variables of age, income, education,
      occupation, assets, and years living together did not explain the inequality
      observed.

PMID- 3835203
TI  - Importance of physical attractiveness and social assertiveness skills in male
      homosexual dating behavior and partner selection.
AB  - It was proposed that a homosexual male would most often expect to date, try to
      date, and like a partner of physical attractiveness greater than his own. One
      hundred homosexual men were matched in dyads based on objective physical
      attractiveness ratings made of their appearance by confederates and by their
      scores on a social assertiveness questionnaire. The subjects were matched in
      pairs so that all possible combinations of high and low physical attractiveness
      and social assertiveness were represented. Each pair of 50 dyads experienced an
      actual "computer date" through an "afternoon tea dance" arranged by the
      experimenter. Regardless of the subject's own physical attractiveness and social
      assertiveness level, the largest determinant of how much he liked his partner and
      how much he wished to date him again was the partner's physical attractiveness.
      Neither the physical attractiveness nor social assertiveness of a partner,
      however, influenced how often a subject subsequently asked the partner out. The
      results suggest that in such institutions as bars and discos, male homosexuals
      judge prospective partners on the partner's physical attractiveness. However,
      other variables besides attractiveness and assertiveness work to produce long
      term attraction and relationship formation.

PMID- 3835205
TI  - [Cardiography Society. Proceedings of the regional meetings. Abstracts].

PMID- 3835204
TI  - Relationship quality of gay men in closed or open relationships.
AB  - This study compared gay men in monogamous ("closed") relationships (n = 98) and
      gay men in nonmonogamous ("open") relationships (n = 34). Partners in open
      relationships were living together significantly longer than partners in closed
      relationships. Partners in the two types of relationships did not differ in
      Psychological Adjustment. Controlling for length of time living together,
      partners in closed relationships reported higher Affiliation/Dependency, more
      Favorable Attitudes toward the Relationship, and lower Tension than partners in
      open relationships. Global relationship quality for both types of couples was
      related to many Attractions, many Barriers, and few Alternatives to the
      relationship; few beliefs regarding both Disagreement is Destructive and Partners
      Cannot Change; high Dyadic Attachment; high Shared Decision Making; and low
      Psychological Maladjustment. Partners in both types of relationships were more
      similar to each other than different from each other, especially on the variables
      of Relationship Quality, a belief in Partner Changeability, and Dyadic
      Attachment.

PMID- 3835206
TI  - A new approach in muscle training to rehabilitate the hand in leprosy.
AB  - Rehabilitation of the hand in Leprosy with its deformities and anaesthesia no
      doubt poses a formidable challenge as far as rehabilitation is concerned. Here we
      have applied a combination of latest concepts in sports physiology and the
      exercise followed by the students of ancient Indian martial art known as Krishni
      Vidya. This exercise consists of crumpling a newspaper sheet with a single hand
      without any external support. We are unable to explain the type of exercise done
      by the people before existence of newspaper. They might be using naturally
      occurring materials for the same like woodbark. With this exercise we have been
      able to improve the function of the hand remarkably well and the rehabilitation
      time following surgery is drastically reduced, with function returning close to
      normalcy. The full function is achieved within four weeks from the date of
      removal of plaster as compared to eight to ten weeks or more with conventional
      physical therapy. This full function is not only in mobility but also in co
      ordination, static and dynamic strength, speed of movement and flexibility
      required of a normal hand. 16 patients operated for lumbrical replacement (using
      sublimis as a motor from the long finger) at the Dr. Bandorawalla Leprosy
      Hospital were put under the paper crumpling exercise. It was observed that the
      average time for the achievement of fully close fist was two weeks. (All of them
      had thumb function intact, i.e. either normal or operated-out of sixteen, four
      patients were operated for opponens prior to lumbrical replacement).

PMID- 3835207
TI  - Chemical drug delivery systems: I. Preparation and evaluation of prodrugs of
      dapsone.
AB  - Several prodrugs of dapsone have been prepared and evaluated in vivo for the
      release of parent drug. The prodrug: 4,4'-dibutyrylaminodiphenyl sulfone gave
      blood levels above 0.5 micrograms/ml of DDS for about 34 days in rabbits injected
      intragluteally. The results have been compared with DDS and DADDS.

PMID- 3835208
TI  - Multidrug therapy for paucibacillary leprosy: experience in Bombay.

PMID- 3835209
TI  - Quantification of thermal sensory loss in follow up of progress in leprosy.
AB  - Thermal sensory perception quantitatively was studied in follow up of 10 lesions
      (4 TT, 3 BT and 1 Indeterminate case) of cases put on poly therapy as per WHO
      regime, for 6 months. Significant thermal sensory improvements was noticed in 4
      lesions after 4 months of therapy. Within 2 months of therapy, 3 cases showed
      improved perception of heat sensation but 1 showed deterioration. Recovery of
      sensations did not correspond to other clinical parameters of improvement in all
      the cases. The utility of quantitative evaluation of thermal sensory perception
      in follow up of leprosy cases is discussed.

PMID- 3835210
TI  - Lymphocytic infiltration of skin of Jessner-Kanof masquerading as borderline
      leprosy.
AB  - A case of pseudolymphoma from India is being reported which had been masquerading
      for quite some time as a case of borderline leprosy. The patient has been having
      for the past 16 years, recurrent, occasionally pruritic, multiple, bilateral,
      erythematous papules and plaques, which on casual examination elsewhere had
      suggested leprosy.

PMID- 3835211
TI  - Olfaction in leprosy.
AB  - Olfactory test was carried out in 225 cases of Hansen's disease with 75 cases
      each of lepromatous leprosy (L.L.), borderline leprosy (B.L.) and tuberculoid
      leprosy (T). Impairment of olfaction was found in 94(41.7%) cases. It was seen in
      69.33% cases of L.L., 33.33% cases of B.L. and 22.6% cases of T. Total anosmia
      was present in 5(6.61%) cases of L.L. only. Males were more affected than the
      females. Impairment of olfaction was related to the duration of the disease,
      severity of the nasal condition, and E.N.L. reaction. It was not related to the
      type of antileprosy drug used.

PMID- 3835212
TI  - Survey of the unexamined population in the villages included in a sample survey
      of the ELEP Dharmapuri Leprosy Project.
AB  - In a sample survey of the ELEP Dharmapuri Leprosy Control Project out of a
      population of 62984, 51205 was examined i.e. 81.3%. Subsequently out of the
      enumerated unexamined population of 11779, 5761 were examined and 67 cases were
      detected giving a prevalence of 11.62 which was less than the prevalence in the
      sample survey. With an examination of 90.45% of the population there was not much
      of an alteration in the gross and child prevalence rates as also the lepromatous
      rate. A sample survey with examination of 80% of the population gives a
      representative view of the leprosy situation in an area.

PMID- 3835213
TI  - Dermatoglyphics in leprosy (II Metric analysis of palms).
AB  - A group of 100 leprosy patients consisting of 50 lepromatous (BL/LL) and 50
      tuberculoid (BT/TT) were investigated for metric analysis of the patterns present
      on their palms. Hundred normal persons were also selected from the families of
      patients to serve as controls. BT/TT patients and controls did not show any
      significant difference in their palmar patterns. On the other hand, significant
      differences were observed in the patterns between BL/LL patients and controls.

PMID- 3835214
TI  - Dermatoglyphics in leprosy.
AB  - In the present study, dermatolyphic parameters were analysed in the handprints of
      25 LL/BL, 25 TT/BT and 25 healthy persons, by printer's ink method. Frequency of
      loops, were more on right hand and whorls were more on left hand in LL patients
      as compared to normal healthy controls. In TT the whorls were less frequent than
      in controls. The a-b ridge count in LL patient has shown insignificant difference
      from control while the same in TT was significantly decreased (P less than 0.05).
      Distance between distal wrist crease and axial triradius was significantly
      decreased in LL as compared to normal (P less than 0.05), whereas no such
      decrease was observed in TT patients.

PMID- 3835215
TI  - Medical care delivery through leprosy clinics--consumer's perception, experiences
      and suggestions.
AB  - Randomly selected 500 adult leprosy patients, registered for treatment with six
      Sectors of a Leprosy Control Unit in Chingleput District of Tamil Nadu (India)
      were interviewed to study their perception, and experiences with medical care
      being delivered to them through leprosy clinic(s), and their suggestions to
      improve the system. About 14% patients did not perceive their disease as leprosy.
      And 8% of the total patients were taking treatment outside their sector leprosy
      clinics. The services like physiotherapy, rehabilitation, health education etc.
      were known to only 3-8% patients, perhaps on account of their non-availability
      and or non-practice. On an average, a patient had to cover a distance of 2.1 +/-
      2.5 KMs (one side) in 24 +/- 49 minutes to reach clinic spot, mostly by walk
      (83.2%), and spent 58.9 +/- 32.2 minutes at clinic, of which two third in waiting
      for service(s). Each patient had consulted 1.23 +/- 0.55 medical agencies for
      treatment of leprosy. The average man-day and wage losses to a patient, due to
      monthly clinic attendance, were estimated to be 0.48 +/- 0.49 days and Rs. 2.28
      +/- 3.06, respectively. Only 10.6% of the 500 patients got admitted 1.55 +/- 0.89
      times in leprosy hospital for a duration of 63 +/- 69.30 days and lost wages of
      Rs. 126.4 +/- 85.64 per month of stay in hospital. Availability and efficient
      delivery of comprehensive medical care through well organized and regularly
      conducted leprosy clinic, by considerate and sympathetic staff was much
      emphasised by patients. Various factors influencing medical care delivery and its
      utilization by patients, are discussed in this communication.

PMID- 3835216
TI  - A case report of bullous reaction in leprosy.

PMID- 3835217
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma developing in trophic ulcer in leprosy--a case report.
AB  - Development of malignancy in the trophic ulcer in leprosy is not previously
      believed rare. In India, less than a dozen cases are reported uptil now. We
      present a case of squamous cell carcinoma in trophic ulcer in leprosy patient
      because of its paucity in literature. Aetiopathogenesis of malignancy is
      discussed briefly.

PMID- 3835218
TI  - Involvement of scalp in leprosy--a case report.

PMID- 3835220
TI  - A multiwire surface oxygen pressure electrode for measurement across zones of
      normal and damaged tissue.
AB  - The standard MDO multiwire surface oxygen electrode was redesigned to enable
      measurements across transition zones between normal and, e.g., ischemic tissues.
      The eight measuring points were arranged in an array 2.2 mm long. This array
      multiwire electrode (AME) has been tested and showed the same electrochemical
      properties as the standard MDO electrode. The resolving power was tested and an
      individual measuring point was affected by a change in surrounding pO2 if it
      occurred within a distance of 20 microns. In experiments in the pig heart
      subjected to local ischemia it was found that both ischemic and normal tissue
      oxygen pressure were registered simultaneously by the AME.

PMID- 3835219
TI  - Inoculation leprosy developing after tattooing--a case report.
AB  - A case of Inoculation Leprosy following tattooing in a soldier is being reported.
      Escape of infection in one tattoo and occurrence of disease in another when
      tattooing was done simultaneously, is of interest. Possible mechanism for such
      occurrence is discussed.

PMID- 3835221
TI  - Toward a unified monitoring system during anesthesia.
AB  - A conceptual framework is proposed for the selection of monitored parameters
      during anesthesia, and a new device for monitoring the parameters in a unified
      manner is briefly presented. A 'basic set' of 6 parameters is proposed to cover
      the needs of most routine anesthesia: Blood Pressure, ECG/Heart Rate,
      Temperature, FiO2, FetCO2, and, Cortical Activity (by EEG spectral analysis).
      Additional parameters are added in accordance with specified factors such as
      patient status and complexity of the surgical procedure. An initial version of a
      new monitor, 'Cerebro Trac', designed for neurosurgery and cardiovascular
      surgery, is briefly presented, along with planned future capabilities and
      directions for its use.

PMID- 3835222
TI  - Assessment of digital blood flow and palmar collateral circulation. Allen's test
      vs. photoplethysmography.
AB  - Collateral circulation of the hand and digits was evaluated in 20 healthy male
      volunteers using a modified Allen's test and photoelectric plethysmography. A
      borderline (7-14 sec) Allen's test was present in 12.5% and 2.5% required more
      than 15 seconds for thenar flush. Photoplethysmography was then used to compare
      the relative contributions of ulnar artery flow to total arterial flow into the
      hand. This ratio, (ulnar/total) was termed the flow index (FI). Average FI for
      the first digit (thumb) was 0.59, and for the second digit (index) was 0.64. The
      FI difference between the first digit and that of the third, fourth and fifth
      digits was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). The FI difference
      between the second digit and the third, fourth and fifth digits was also
      statistically significant (p less than 0.05). These results imply that Allen's
      test may be misleading, indicating adequate collateral circulation when in fact
      collateral blood flow to the digits may be poor or nonexistent.

PMID- 3835223
TI  - Evaluation of impedance technique for fluid-volume monitoring during
      hemodialysis.
AB  - Fluid-volume changes during hemodialysis were studied in 30 patients at four
      separate treatments in each patient. Readings of fluid-volume changes obtained by
      a fluid-balance monitor with non-invasive tetrapolar impedance technique were
      compared to changes in weight caused by the treatment. A correlation coefficient
      of r = 0.90 (p less than 0.001) was found. A survey of papers describing
      impedance measurements during hemodialysis or diuresis is also presented.

PMID- 3835225
TI  - Ergonomics: anaesthetists' use of auditory alarms in the operating room.

PMID- 3835224
TI  - Application of computers in renal units. A question of time?
AB  - The application of computers for day-to-day patient care in renal units is still
      in its infancy, but the renal unit seems to be well suited for automation,
      because a computer may carry out functions that are often done badly or
      inefficiently or not at all. A data base system allows better access to
      information about patients and may improve the organisation of a center. Kinetic
      modelling can help to optimize treatment schedules and regimens. Computer
      monitoring may improve the safety of dialysis, particularly home dialysis. The
      introduction of computers into the renal unit has been slow and hesitant.
      Responsible for this is the difficulty of defining exactly what data are
      necessary to treat renal patients. Economic benefit and improvement in patient
      care are also difficult to indicate. Lack of communication between computers and
      people still has its impact. However, those physicians and nurses who fully
      understand and master the area of nephrology and dialysis may appreciate the help
      of a computer. Finally, it can be concluded that interest for computers is more
      or less omnipresent. Realizing that the entire field of computer technology is
      continuously in motion, it can be speculated that the broad application of
      computers in renal units is just a question of time.

PMID- 3835226
TI  - Perspectives in ICU computing.
AB  - Computers have unrealized potential in investigation and clinical care. Computers
      in Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine must serve as a catalyst to focus these
      efforts. The goal must be development of practical, cost effective systems to
      facilitate the collection, recording and interpretation of data relevant to the
      management of the ICU patient. The ultimate goal is to provide feedback control
      where appropriate. To reach this goal, data relevant to the elements of the gas
      exchange system - the heart, the lungs, and ventilatory pump - are essential and
      analysis systems are needed. Analysis must interpret the interaction between
      circulatory and lung function and between lung, chest wall and diaphragm
      mechanics and gas exchange.

PMID- 3835227
TI  - Transcutaneous PO2 monitoring during a Himalayan ascent.
AB  - Transcutaneous PO2 (PtcO2) measurements were taken daily on seven subjects during
      two nine day ascents of the Himalayas to an altitude of 4,579 meters. Five of the
      subjects lived in areas under 450 meters (Group I), while two subjects lived at
      an altitude of 3,100 meters (Group II). The PtcO2 values decreased with
      increasing altitude. The Group II subjects had PtcO2 values greater than the
      Group I subjects and the difference became greater with increasing altitude. The
      linear regression lines of PtcO2/pbO2 to Group I during ascent and decent were
      lower than the regression line for Group II (PbO2 is the barometric oxygen
      partial pressure). The regression line for Group I data during the second half of
      the trek approached the data for Group II. We conclude that acclimatization to
      high altitude is possibly associated with increasing peripheral tissue
      oxygenation as assessed by PtcO2 values.

PMID- 3835228
TI  - Secondary students' performance on Piagetian projective and Euclidean spatial
      tasks.
AB  - Four tasks involving Piaget's Euclidean and projective space were administered to
      a total of 99 students in Grades 8, 10, and 12: Task 1, Volumes of Revolution;
      Task 2, Geometric Sections; Task 3, Folding Patterns; and Task 4, Projection of
      Shadows. A scalogram analysis indicated that the tasks scaled in increasing order
      of difficulty in the following order: Task 1, Task 4, Task 2, and Task 3. These
      results did not support Piaget's position that projective and Euclidean concepts
      develop concurrently. Also, significant differences between task performance with
      regard to gender were found for Tasks 3 and 4. Significant differences between
      task performance and grade level for Tasks 1 and 4 were found. Standardized
      achievement test performance and task performance relationships were significant
      in 3 of the 16 analyses.

PMID- 3835229
TI  - Imitation in toddlers as a function of motor and verbal aspects of modeling.
AB  - This study investigated the effects of the motor and verbal aspects of modeling
      on imitation. The subjects were 2- and 3-year-old children (N = 96). The child's
      imitation responses were recorded during the play period that followed each
      modeled act. Each child observed the model in one of four modeling conditions. In
      Condition 1, the model "flew" a telephone while saying that he or she was flying
      an airplane. Imitation was recorded as motor if the child flew the telephone but
      was recorded as verbal and realistic if the child flew an airplane. In Condition
      2, the model flew an airplane while saying that he or she was flying a telephone.
      Imitation was recorded as verbal if the child flew the telephone. In Condition 3,
      the model flew an airplane and said that he or she was flying an airplane. If the
      child flew an airplane, imitation was scored as motor, verbal, and realistic. In
      Condition 4, the model flew a telephone and said that he or she was flying a
      telephone. Imitation was scored as motor and verbal if the child flew the
      telephone but was scored as realistic if the child flew the airplane. In
      Condition 1, 2-year-olds displayed more motor imitation than 3-year-olds, and 3
      year-olds displayed more verbal-reality imitation than 2-year-olds. Boys
      displayed more motor imitation than girls. There were no age or sex differences
      in Condition 2. In Condition 3, 2-year-olds imitated more than 3-year-olds, with
      3-year-old girls imitating the least. In Condition 4, reality imitation was
      largely due to 2-year-old boys' imitation of masculine-type acts.

PMID- 3835230
TI  - Spectral complexity and infant attention.
AB  - In two experiments, infants selectively attended to auditory stimuli that
      presented an increasingly complex spectral structure. Using 2- and 4-month-olds
      as subjects, the first study demonstrated this selectivity in comparison to the
      rate of acoustic change. The second study demonstrated the increased attention of
      4-month-olds in response to an increasingly complex structure. Results are
      discussed with respect to the neural activity produced by these stimuli along the
      auditory pathway, and an analogy to the literature on visual attention is drawn.

PMID- 3835231
TI  - Activity level and sex-stereotyped toy choice in toddler boys and girls.
AB  - In the first study, the motor activity level and vigor of play of 52 toddlers was
      assessed as they played with a set of sex-role stereotyped and neutral toys. Boys
      and girls showed the same level of activity, and both were significantly more
      active when playing with stereotypically masculine toys. In the second study, 27
      toddlers were observed playing with toys defined as potentially eliciting high,
      medium, or low activity within the masculine, feminine, and neutral categories.
      Again, boys and girls did not differ in overall activity level. All children
      preferred toys that allowed moderate to high activity, but given this preference,
      they selected toys stereotyped for their own gender above those stereotyped for
      the other gender.

PMID- 3835233
TI  - The syntagmatic-paradigmatic shift and long-term memory activation.

PMID- 3835232
TI  - The performance of attention-deficit-disordered and normal children on
      conservation tasks.
AB  - The present study was designed to investigate whether a specific subgroup of
      learning-disabled children (attention-deficit-disordered, ADD) differed from
      their normal counterparts on Piagetian tasks of conservation. The subjects were
      34 third-and fourth-grade children. Seventeen children had been diagnosed as ADD;
      the remaining half were designated as normal. The two groups were equivalent in
      chronological age, mental age, and intelligence. The results indicated
      significant differences between the two groups on tasks tapping conservation of
      substance and number. These results may support the theory of a lag in the
      development of conservation in children with specific learning disabilities
      (ADD). Implications of the present research for therapeutic and remedial programs
      that serve ADD children are also discussed.

PMID- 3835234
TI  - The relationship between juvenile delinquency and personality dimensions of
      family members.

PMID- 3835235
TI  - Renal functional status and patterns of catecholamine excretion.
AB  - Twenty-four hour urinary catecholamine measurements were obtained in seven normal
      individuals and 23 patients with essential hypertension or renal disease. As
      renal function decreased, large reductions in the excretion of free
      catecholamines and total dopamine were measured. Since urinary catecholamine
      measurements are used for diagnostic and physiologic studies, our data indicate a
      need to assess renal function for accurate interpretation of these measurements.
      Our results are also consistent with a renal origin for a major portion of the
      urinary dopamine content.

PMID- 3835236
TI  - Effect of blood pressure on the progression rate of renal impairment in chronic
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - An effect of high blood pressure on the progression of renal functional
      deterioration was studied in 23 cases of chronic glomerulonephritis, which showed
      progressive renal functional impairments during the long-term follow-up period.
      The slope-of-regression line, which was obtained from the relation between
      reciprocal serum creatinine concentration (1/Cr) and observation time, was
      expressed as a progression rate and was evaluated on an association with blood
      pressure level. The progression rate was found to correlate significantly with
      the level of diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.001). It is concluded that
      the elevation of blood pressure is one of the factors that contribute to the
      progression of renal functional impairment in chronic glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3835237
TI  - Humoral factors in primary hypertension.
AB  - In 56 spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Muenster strain, either parabiosis
      or cross circulation was performed with normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. Crossed
      circulation was made through the common carotid arteries and external jugular
      veins using a peristaltic pump. In parabiosis and in cross-circulation
      experiments, hypertension was transmitted from spontaneously hypertensive to
      normotensive rats. Nephrectomy or adrenalectomy in the spontaneously hypertensive
      rat before cross circulation abolished this effect. After volume depletion in the
      hypertensive animals, hypertension was not transmitted either. Furthermore, the
      effect of plasma fractions from essential hypertensives (n = 20) on blood
      pressure of normotensive rats was studied. Substances with molecular weights
      higher than 6000-8000 and lower than 500 were removed from 60-ml plasma by
      ultrafiltration and dialysis. After chromatography on a Bio-Gel P-4 or P-2
      column, three to four fractions were formed according to the results of UV
      spectrophotometry and concentrated to 0.5 ml. One fraction from hypertensive
      plasma containing substances with molecular weights between 1000 and 2000
      increased blood pressure in the rat by 16.3 +/- 8.2 mmHg within 10 minutes when
      injected intravenously. The respective fractions from normotensive rat plasma
      increased blood pressure by 3.6 +/- 2.1 mmHg (p less than 0.01). The results
      demonstrate a circulating hypertensive factor both in spontaneously hypertensive
      rats and in essential hypertensives, which may be crucial for the pathogenesis of
      essential hypertension.

PMID- 3835238
TI  - Treatment of intracavernous carotid aneurysms by temporo-sylvian bypass combined
      with endovascular occlusion.

PMID- 3835239
TI  - Value of stereoangiography for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral angiomas.

PMID- 3835240
TI  - Soft cervical disc herniation. CT-surgery correlations.

PMID- 3835241
TI  - Experimental study of the action of chymopapain on intervertebral disc
      morphology.

PMID- 3835242
TI  - Strategy for NMR exploration of brain tumours. Usefulness of the multiple echo
      technique.

PMID- 3835243
TI  - Tuberculous meningitis. Contribution of computerized tomography to its diagnosis
      and prognosis.

PMID- 3835244
TI  - Diagnosis of mesenteric venous thrombosis with 99mTc-labeled erythrocytes: an
      experimental study in rats.

PMID- 3835245
TI  - Induction of chromosomes aberrations in human lymphocytes by low doses of x-rays
      and gamma rays.

PMID- 3835246
TI  - Preparation of 67Ga-DTPA-fibrinogen and its biodistribution in Balb/c mice.

PMID- 3835248
TI  - Technology assessment in biomedical research: magnetic resonance imaging as a
      case in point.

PMID- 3835247
TI  - Five years of quality control for steroid receptor assay in Italy.

PMID- 3835249
TI  - [Synthesis of 3-aromatic ring substituted 2-(4-chlorobenzoylamino)propionic acid
      derivatives and their antiulcer activities].

PMID- 3835250
TI  - [Studies on the constituents of green juice from young barley leaves. Antiulcer
      activity of fractions from barley juice].

PMID- 3835251
TI  - [Studies on the constituents of green juice from young barley leaves. Effect on
      dietarily induced hypercholesterolemia in rats].

PMID- 3835252
TI  - [Quantitative method of 5-fluorouracil and its metabolites in biological samples
      using high performance liquid chromatography].

PMID- 3835254
TI  - [Extra-weak chemiluminescence of drugs. III. Investigation of the effect of air
      and temperature on kampo extracted herbal drugs evaluated by extra-weak
      chemiluminescence].

PMID- 3835253
TI  - [High performance liquid chromatography for determination of water-soluble
      vitamins in infusion fluids. II. Analysis of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate by pyridine-4
      aldehyde].

PMID- 3835255
TI  - [Effect of magnesium stearate in preparation of eudragit RS-microcapsules
      containing drugs].

PMID- 3835256
TI  - [Application of high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence
      detection to determination of ampicillin in plasma deproteinized by the phenol
      method].

PMID- 3835257
TI  - Skin blood flow changes and tissue deformations produced by cylindrical
      indentors.
AB  - Since skin blood flow as a function of applied pressure depends on many factors,
      one may find different curves within each group of subjects, making separation of
      groups difficult. A dimensional analysis has been out which indicates that the
      percent decrease in skin blood flow associated with external loading is primarily
      a function of only three variables: the ratios of bone depth and bone diameter to
      indentor diameter, and percent compression of the tissue overlying the bone. The
      load itself is found to be unimportant. It is concluded that measurement of bone
      depth, bone diameter, and tissue deformation are more important than pressure
      measurements. Measurements of skin displacement and average indentor pressure for
      four male subjects indicate that tissue stiffness increases with age, regardless
      of disability, so that higher pressures are required to produce the same
      displacement in older subjects.

PMID- 3835258
TI  - Re: Qualitative and quantitative gait phase analysis by continuous monitoring of
      inter-ankle distance.

PMID- 3835260
TI  - The fallacy of qualitative performance tests.

PMID- 3835259
TI  - The fallacy of timed functional tests.

PMID- 3835261
TI  - Assessment of nutritional and metabolic status of paraplegics.
AB  - Nutritional and metabolic assessment using anthropometric, biochemical,
      immunological, and indirect calorimetric techniques was performed on 17 healthy
      paraplegic males with a mean age of 44.2 +/- 14.6 years and mean duration of
      injury of 17.8 +/- 12.3 years. Significant differences in energy expenditure were
      observed; only 29.4 percent were normometabolic [measured resting energy
      expenditure: (MREE) 90-110 percent of predicted resting energy expenditure
      (PREE)], 35.3 percent were hypermetabolic (MREE greater than 110 percent of PREE)
      and 35.3 percent were hypometabolic (MREE less than 90 percent of PREE). Obesity
      (weight greater than 110 percent ideal body weight) was maximum in hypometabolic
      patients (83.3 percent) due to the imbalance between caloric intake and energy
      expenditure (p less than 0.05). None of the patients had normal values for all
      four objective measurements of nutritional assessment (albumin, transferrin,
      total lymphocyte count, and cutaneous hypersensitivity). Mild malnutrition was
      evidenced in 47 percent of patients; 53 percent of patients demonstrated some
      index of moderate malnutrition. We conclude that nutritional therapy based on
      measurements of energy expenditure instead of predictive equations will benefit
      these patients. A larger long-term study is needed to determine the ideal
      predictive measurements of nutritional assessment with their optimal cutoff
      values applicable to the spinal cord-injured patient.

PMID- 3835262
TI  - Walking casts: effect on plantar foot pressures.
AB  - Pressure measurements were made at four sites on the right foot of six normal
      subjects while they walked in a standard shoe, conventional padded cast, total
      contact cast, and again in a shoe. No differences in mean relative pressure were
      found between the padded cast and the total-contact cast. Significant reductions
      in mean relative pressure were found between the standard shoe and walking casts
      at the first and third metatarsal head. This study supported the use of walking
      casts in the management of plantar ulcers. The effectiveness of the cast in
      reducing plantar pressure was not found to be dependent on the cast padding
      technique.

PMID- 3835263
TI  - Wheelchair tire rolling resistance and fatigue.
AB  - The hysteresis loss theory of rolling resistance is developed for solid rubber
      wheelchair tires. The analysis is used to correlate test data for a clay-filled
      natural rubber and a polyurethane tire material. A discussion of tire rolling
      work, hysteresis loss factor measurement, and rolling loss measurement is
      presented. An example calculation of rolling resistance for a polyurethane tire
      is given in detail. The subject of solid rubber tire design is developed on the
      basis of recommended fatigue life theory and practice. It is shown that
      polyurethane tires have a useful fatigue life due to a high shear modulus at
      useful values of hardness. This characteristic of polyurethane, if exploited, is
      predicted to lead to a tire with a lower rolling resistance than other wheelchair
      tires available. The effect of surface roughness on rolling resistance is briefly
      discussed and some experimental results are listed. The purpose of this paper is
      to give the rehabilitation engineer the means for wheelchair tire rolling
      resistance and fatigue life design and the methods to assess the tire
      characteristics when a tire design is modified or a new tire material is
      contemplated. Other important design factors, such as wear and chemical
      degradation, are not discussed, but references are suggested for information on
      these topics. As in most research and development projects, this study raises
      problems which need further work. For example, the fatigue properties of the
      rubber compounds employed in this application are not completely understood; this
      subject is planned for future investigation.

PMID- 3835264
TI  - Automatic transmission for electric wheelchairs.
AB  - A new infinitely variable automatic transmission called the RESATRAN that
      automatically changes its speed ratio in response to load torque being
      transmitted is presented. A prototype has been built and tested on a conventional
      three-wheeled electric motor propelled wheelchair. It is shown theoretically that
      more than 50 percent reduction in power during hill climbing may be expected when
      a transmission-equipped wheelchair is compared to a direct-drive vehicle
      operating at the same voltage. It is suggested that with such a transmission,
      wheelchairs can use much smaller motors and associated electronic controls, while
      at the same time gaining in efficiency that results in longer operating distances
      for the same battery charge. Design details of the transmission and test results
      are presented. These results show a substantial reduction in operating current
      and increased distance of operation over a test course.

PMID- 3835265
TI  - Text-scanning patterns of blind readers using Optacon and braille.
AB  - Tactual reading usually requires the coordinated use of the forearm/hand motor
      and tactile sensory systems. Therefore, in a series of studies of tactual reading
      behavior, we chose to record the text-scanning patterns of adult blind readers in
      an attempt to gain further insight into the nature of this process. Reading
      behavior for four modes of tactual reading was recorded (embossed braille one
      hand, embossed braille two-hands, Optacon/letterprint, and Optacon/Inkbraille) by
      detecting and recording the instantaneous position of light-emitting diodes
      unobtrusively attached to the finger(s) or the Optacon camera. In addition to the
      comparative evaluation of the four sets of reading patterns, the salient features
      of the Optacon/letterprint patterns were quantitatively analyzed in an attempt to
      characterize this particular mode of reading. The text-scanning patterns of
      Optacon readers have not been previously reported. In general the text-scanning
      behavior for all modes of tactual reading seems to be similar; the only
      remarkable difference appears to be in the reading rates. Regarding
      Optacon/letterprint performance, reading rate was found to be significantly and
      negatively correlated with line-changing time and the number of regressions. No
      significant correlation was evident between rate and regression magnitude.

PMID- 3835266
TI  - Measuring gait-related blind mobility performance.
AB  - The gait characteristics of blind travelers can provide information about their
      mobility skills. Previous attempts at measuring these characteristics have
      suffered because they either do not provide continuous monitoring or allow usage
      outside a laboratory setting. A new instrument has been developed to overcome
      these problems. The instrument allows continuous monitoring of interankle
      distance during walking. Records of interankle distance were analyzed to
      determine maximum interankle distance/step, step time, and cadence. With this
      system, gait parameters revealed differences between two groups of travelers
      (blind and blindfolded) and changes over a series of four trials on turns,
      straightaways, and over the whole route. This suggests the system is useful as an
      assessment device both for research and for rehabilitation training.

PMID- 3835267
TI  - Effectiveness of mattress overlays in reducing interface pressures during
      recumbency.
AB  - This study evaluates the pressure-reduction characteristics of seven mattress
      overlays. Thirty subjects were evaluated on each support surface to determine the
      interface pressures that are generated under the most common pressure sore sites.
      The results of this study indicate that there is great variability in the
      effectiveness of traditional mattress overlays. The most effective overlays are
      the Roho and Akros DFD mattresses; whereas 2-inch thick convoluted foam provides
      no significant protection for the trochanter when the subjects were lying on
      their sides (lateral position).

PMID- 3835268
TI  - Development and preliminary evaluation of the VA Seattle foot.

PMID- 3835269
TI  - A future prosthetic limb device.

PMID- 3835270
TI  - Relationships among motivational orientation, level of leisure activity, and life
      satisfaction in older men and women.
AB  - With telephone and mailed questionnaire data from 217 persons between the ages of
      40 and 89 years and residing in a midwestern city, the effects of selected
      aspects of motivation on levels of leisure activity and life satisfaction were
      investigated. Differences between employed and retired persons and between men
      and women were examined. Analysis of covariance, with a measure of problem
      perception serving as a covariate, was used to analyze the data. Results
      indicated that three motivational orientations--challenge seeking, concern with
      recognition and reward, and family focus--were systematically related to life
      satisfaction in the sample. The study provides an explanation for some of the
      inconsistencies in the literature on activity theory and strongly suggests that
      blanket prescriptions for increases in leisure activity are not necessarily
      desirable for all retired persons.

PMID- 3835271
TI  - Perceptions of assertiveness by high- and low-assertive female college students.
AB  - The interpersonal effects of assertive and unassertive behavior on females who
      scored high and low in self-reported assertion were examined. Subjects from each
      of the two assertion categories individually interacted with a female confederate
      trained to act either assertively or unassertively in a structured manner. In
      analyzing the subjects' impressions of the confederate, no significant
      differences between high and low assertives on the dimensions of competence, task
      attraction, social attraction, likability, and desirability were found. Assertive
      responding appeared less salient to the observer assertee in more naturalistic
      conditions and its social impact seemed more attenuated when the assertive
      responding took on a relatively mild form that posed little or no direct social
      or personal risk to the receiver of the assertive behavior.

PMID- 3835272
TI  - Perceived somatotype and stereotypes of physique among Nigerian schoolchildren.
AB  - The influence of perceived somatotype on stereotypes of behavior associated with
      body build was investigated among 160 male and 140 female Nigerian children in
      secondary school. In both groups, the perception of subjects' own physiques and
      discrepancy between their perceived and preferred physiques significantly
      explained the variance in the character trait scores attributed to body types. In
      general, the subjects attributed positive character traits to their perceived
      somatotypes and undesirable traits to the physiques with which they were
      dissatisfied. Thus, the perception of somatotype and discrepancy between
      perceived and preferred physique could significantly differentiate the character
      traits attributed to body build among male and female children.

PMID- 3835273
TI  - The need for power and fear of assertiveness in English-speaking South African
      female graduates.
AB  - The present study demonstrated that Winter's (1973) power arousal procedure and
      scoring system for the need for power, which were developed in the United States,
      are valid for English-speaking South African female graduates. Subjects in whom
      the need for power had been aroused by a prerecorded inspirational speech (n =
      20) had significantly higher n Power scores than matched nonaroused subjects (n =
      20), T2(8, 31) = 56.17, p less than .01. Further, it was argued that the fear of
      assertiveness is a component of the need for power, and a scoring system for
      measuring this motive was suggested. Fear of assertiveness was shown to correlate
      significantly with various behavioral and dispositional measures of
      assertiveness, relating especially to a dependency pattern of behavior.

PMID- 3835274
TI  - Passive immunisation against hepatitis A.

PMID- 3835275
TI  - The effect of exposure to simulated ship fire-fighting spray systems on the
      transfer factor for the lung.

PMID- 3835276
TI  - Results of recent research on life-jackets.

PMID- 3835277
TI  - An assessment of forced expiratory volumes and flow rates in the detection of
      early ventilatory impairment in RN submariners.

PMID- 3835278
TI  - A study of in-patients aged 60 years and over treated in the Department of
      Plastic Surgery, Dundee Royal Infirmary, in 1983.

PMID- 3835279
TI  - Cayesh: exped Peru '85.

PMID- 3835281
TI  - Actin paracrystalline sheets formed at the surface of positively charged
      liposomes.
AB  - Paracrystalline aggregates of F-actin spontaneously assemble at the surface of
      positively charged liposomes. This single-layered paracrystalline array is made
      up of parallel and juxtaposed actin filaments aligned in register and showing the
      typical 36-nm periodicity which corresponds to the half-pitch of the double helix
      strand. This crystallization of pure actin results from a direct interaction
      between actin and positively charged lipids and does not occur with negative or
      neutral lipids.

PMID- 3835280
TI  - The sarcoplasmic reticulum of mouse heart: its divisions, configurations, and
      distribution.
AB  - The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a prominent, highly ramified component of
      mouse myocardial cells. The use of ferrocyanide-reduced osmium tetroxide (OsFeCN)
      as a postfixative solution facilitates appreciation of both its extent and three
      dimensional architecture. We have found that the individual volume fractions (Vv)
      of myofibrils, mitochondria, and SR are similar in cells of the right and left
      ventricular walls. Vv(total SR) is approximately 7%, a value considerably larger
      than previously reported. We attribute this disparity in large part to the
      recognition factor which comes into play with OsFeCN-treated tissue. Previous
      observations pertaining to the stereology of myocardial SR have likely
      substantially underestimated both volume fraction and surface density of this
      membrane system, since none to this point has utilized specific staining such as
      that conferred by the OsFeCN regimen. Our stereological measurements of different
      depths of the ventricular cell indicate that although considerable differences
      are found between SR configuration at peripheral and deep cell levels, no
      significant difference exists between the volume fractions of either the total SR
      or its individual constituents. Two different stereologic regimens gave close
      agreement on volume fractions of the various SR segments; the majority
      (approximately 92%) of the total SR is network SR, whereas the remainder is
      composed of the various categories of junctional SR (peripheral, apposed to the
      surface sarcolemma; interior, complexed with the transverse-axial tubular system;
      corbular, existing free of sarcolemmal contact). In the adult mouse, interior
      junctional SR greatly preponderates the other types of junctional SR; corbular SR
      is qualitively assessed to be a far more common component of atrial cells than of
      ventricular cardiomyocytes.

PMID- 3835282
TI  - Ultrastructure of reconstituted rat liver microsomal membranes and cytochrome b5-
      or P-450-containing proteoliposomes.
AB  - Thin sectioning and freeze-fracture electron microscopy have been used to show
      that it is possible to obtain topologically closed vesicles by means of
      reconstitution of rat liver microsomal membrane "ghosts." The reconstitution by
      15 hr dialysis resulted in the formation of vesicles with intramembrane particles
      (IMP) while after 40 hr dialysis no IMP were observed in the membranes. The
      protein/lipid ratio and functional activity of NADPH- and NADH-linked enzyme
      systems were similar in both cases. Cytochrome P-450 (LM2) was incorporated into
      liposomes of different composition (protein: lipid ratio--1:200). IMP were
      observed only when the incorporation of cytochrome P-450 was performed in the
      presence of detergent Emulgen 913 as specific additive to the initial protein
      lipid-sodium cholate mixture or in the course of incubation of proteoliposomal
      suspensions at 37 degrees C. After the incorporation of cytochrome b5 into
      azolectin liposomes vesicular membranes contain IMP if the incorporated membrane
      protein: lipid ratio is at least 1:50. Pronase-induced splitting off of a 11 kDa
      heme-containing fragment of cytochrome b5 did not affect IMP content. The
      conditions of IMP formation in reconstituted membranes and in microsomal ghosts
      are discussed.

PMID- 3835283
TI  - Three-dimensional visualization of basal body structures and some cytoskeletal
      components in the apical zone of tracheal ciliated cells.
AB  - The ciliated cells of tracheal epithelium were mechanically fragmented to remove
      the cytoplasmic soluble contents, and the apical zone was examined to clarify the
      three-dimensional structures of basal body and cytoskeletal filaments using
      freeze-fracture-etch approaches. The basal body was connected to the apical
      plasma membrane by definite laminae, formerly called alar sheets. The distal one
      half of the basal foot was composed of several smooth-surfaced 12-nm fibrils.
      Intermediate filament networks extended to the lower half plane of the basal
      body, and enmeshed the basal body tightly by tiny 5- to 8-nm fibrils. Actin core
      bundles of microvilli also had tiny crosslinking fibrils. Some actin filaments
      were seen to run horizontally at the upper half plane of the basal body. Tracheal
      cilated cells also had circular actin filament bundles just inside the zonula
      adherens as many other epithelial cells. These cytoskeletal networks which
      enmeshed both basal bodies and core filaments of microvilli may function as a
      coordinator of ciliary beating.

PMID- 3835285
TI  - [Hypereosinophilic syndrome--its relationship to eosinophilic leukemia, report of
      a case and review of the literature].

PMID- 3835284
TI  - Plasma membrane "rosettes" in carrot and sycamore suspension culture cells.
AB  - Suspension culture cells of carrot, Daucus carota L., and sycamore, Acer
      pseudoplatanus L., were freeze-fractured after ultrarapid freezing without
      fixation or cryoprotection in a propane-jet freezer. Infrequently, rosettes (ca.
      24 nm diameter) of six (occasionally five) subunits (ca. 8 nm diameter) were
      observed in P-face views of the plasma membrane of both taxa. When present,
      rosette density was approximately 1/micron 2. Generally, rosettes were less
      frequently seen on plasma membranes exhibiting numerous vesicle fusion figures.
      Due to the high quality of the freezing, cellulose microfibril impressions were
      rarely seen on either PF or EF views of the plasma membrane, thus precluding
      correlations between microfibrils on the one hand and rosettes (and terminal
      globules) on the other. The presence of rosettes in suspension culture cells of
      these two species supports the putative role of rosettes in cellulose
      biosynthesis in higher plants.

PMID- 3835286
TI  - [Effect of MD-805, a synthetic thrombin inhibitor, on disseminated intravascular
      coagulation developing in hematological disorders].

PMID- 3835287
TI  - [Clinical significance of plasma adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in leukemia].

PMID- 3835289
TI  - [Two cases of agranulocytosis during medication with cinepazide].

PMID- 3835288
TI  - [A phase II trial of etoposide (VP-16) administered intravenously in the
      treatment of malignant lymphoma and acute leukemia].

PMID- 3835290
TI  - [Malignant histiocytosis with intermittent pancytopenia].

PMID- 3835291
TI  - [Severe hemophilia A in a phenotypically normal female with 45,X/46,Xr(X)
      mosaicism].

PMID- 3835292
TI  - [Acute mixed leukemia--a report of three cases].

PMID- 3835293
TI  - [A case of acquired hemoglobin H disease].

PMID- 3835294
TI  - [Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: report of a case recovering after
      splenectomy and plasma exchange].

PMID- 3835295
TI  - [Effects of plasmapheresis on female blood donors].

PMID- 3835296
TI  - [Plasma exchange in 2 cases of hemolytic anemia].

PMID- 3835297
TI  - [Lymphocytapheresis therapy. 1. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hairy cell
      leukemia].

PMID- 3835298
TI  - [Lymphocytapheresis therapy. 3. Systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3835300
TI  - [Clinical medicine and artificial organs].

PMID- 3835299
TI  - [Leukapheresis therapy. 4. Rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3835301
TI  - [Various assisted circulation methods and their application].

PMID- 3835302
TI  - [Hemodynamics and cardiac index in patients with heart assist devices].

PMID- 3835303
TI  - [Mechanical problems of the total replacement of artificial heart].

PMID- 3835304
TI  - [Physio-biochemical analysis of animals with the total replacement of artificial
      heart--problems of application in man].

PMID- 3835305
TI  - [The recent developments and problems of heart valve prosthesis].

PMID- 3835306
TI  - [Prognosis of heart valve prosthesis].

PMID- 3835307
TI  - [Development of a next generation pacemaker].

PMID- 3835308
TI  - [Comparison of the single and dual chamber sensing pacing].

PMID- 3835310
TI  - [Evaluation of the structure and function of oxygenators--laminated- and coil
      types].

PMID- 3835309
TI  - [Evaluation of the structure and function of oxygenators--a bubble type].

PMID- 3835311
TI  - [Characteristics and efficiency of marketing available oxygenators].

PMID- 3835312
TI  - [Current development of oxygenators in Japan and overseas].

PMID- 3835313
TI  - [The limitation in the use of artificial liver for the purpose of blood
      purification].

PMID- 3835314
TI  - [Medico-engineering problems in the metabolic artificial liver].

PMID- 3835315
TI  - [Current status and problems in the hybrid artificial liver].

PMID- 3835316
TI  - [Use of a wearable artificial pancreas].

PMID- 3835317
TI  - [Progress of the glucose-sensor technic--with special reference to subcutaneous
      type].

PMID- 3835319
TI  - [Anticoagulant-free hemodialysis].

PMID- 3835318
TI  - [Problems of the development of wearable and implantable artificial kidneys].

PMID- 3835320
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration].

PMID- 3835321
TI  - [Current status of the development of anticoagulant materials].

PMID- 3835322
TI  - Radiomodifying effect of camphor on the spermatogonia of mice.
AB  - Camphor has been reported to exhibit radiomodifying properties for bacteria and
      solid tumours of mice. Therefore its radiomodifying effect was evaluated in the
      testis which is a less vascularised and hypoxic tissue. Young adult strain 'A'
      male mice were taken up for these studies. Camphor was administered at the rate
      of 0.1 mg/g body weight intraperitoneally and whole body irradiation was done
      after 45 minutes under normal aerated conditions. Doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 Gy
      were delivered to different groups with the help of 60Co gamma cell. Testicular
      germ cell renewal system which seems to be a very good model system for the study
      of chemical radiomodifier was used for this assay. Resting primary spermatocytes
      (RPS) were counted at different time intervals and comparison was made among
      different treatment groups and controls. It was observed that RPS counts
      significantly declined in radiation + camphor treated groups in comparison to
      radiation alone or control groups. Radiomodifying effect of camphor was
      significantly evident during the recovery period, i.e., on day 8 after 0.5 Gy
      irradiation and day 6 onward after 1.0 Gy and 2.0 Gy.

PMID- 3835323
TI  - Release of hydrogen peroxide from polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated with
      lambda-carrageenan.
AB  - The production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
      that are exposed to lambda-carrageenan (100 micrograms/ml) and 12-0
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA, 100 ng/ml) was measured by a colorimetric
      method. After a lag period of 15 min the release of H2O2 by carrageenan
      stimulated PMNs increased until a plateau level was reached at 60 min. The amount
      of H2O2 released was dependent on the number of cells in well or the
      concentration of carrageenan, reaching a maximum production of H2O2 at 5 X 10(6)
      cells per 3-cm dish and 100 micrograms/ml of carrageenan, respectively. The
      maximum amount of released H2O2 from carrageenan-treated PMNs was approximately
      11 n moles/hr/10(6) cells. In contrast, TPA-stimulated PMNs released H2O2
      linearly for 60 min without a lag period and produced a maximum of 60 n
      moles/hr/10(6) cells. These results show that lambda-carrageenan stimulates an
      oxidative burst from in vitro PMNs and furthermore suggest that these carrageenan
      stimulated PMNs release sufficient H2O2 to induce DNA damage in mammalian cells.

PMID- 3835324
TI  - [Methodological consideration on physical models in circulation research].

PMID- 3835325
TI  - [Mechanical properties and contraction model of cardiac muscle].

PMID- 3835326
TI  - [Finite element analysis of stresses and strains in the heart].

PMID- 3835327
TI  - [Energetics in cardiac contraction].

PMID- 3835328
TI  - [Electrical activity of the cardiac muscle].

PMID- 3835329
TI  - [Ventricular depolarization and repolarization processes and body surface
      potentials].

PMID- 3835330
TI  - [On the problem of forward and reverse direction in conductivity in
      electrocardiography].

PMID- 3835331
TI  - [On the form and function of optimal arterial branching].

PMID- 3835332
TI  - [Mechanical model and deformation theory of the blood vessel wall].

PMID- 3835333
TI  - [Turbulence in the aorta].

PMID- 3835334
TI  - [Physicomathematical analysis of microcirculation--theoretical estimation of the
      optimum capillary number].

PMID- 3835335
TI  - [Heat transfer model of the peripheral circulation].

PMID- 3835336
TI  - [Identification of compartmental systems].

PMID- 3835337
TI  - [Modelling of body fluid regulation].

PMID- 3835338
TI  - [Urinary citrate excretion in renal stone disease--effects of the dietary
      source].

PMID- 3835339
TI  - [Electron microscopic observation of the renal tubular damage after
      administration of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)].

PMID- 3835341
TI  - [Evaluation of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) in the differential diagnosis of
      impotence].

PMID- 3835340
TI  - [Clinical application of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter].

PMID- 3835342
TI  - [Evaluation of an erectometer as a new diagnostic method for impotence].

PMID- 3835343
TI  - [Studies of contralateral testicular function after testicular torsion].

PMID- 3835344
TI  - [Investigation of the fiber type of the rabbits external urethral sphincter with
      the analysis of myosin light and heavy chains].

PMID- 3835345
TI  - [Clinical study of reflux nephropathy. I. Outcome of renal function in VUR
      patients with proteinuria].

PMID- 3835346
TI  - [Interstitial laser irradiation of bladder cancer using a laser micro rod].

PMID- 3835347
TI  - [Analysis of urinary steroid metabolites in patients with adrenal tumor and
      congenital adrenal hyperplasia by capillary column gas chromatography].

PMID- 3835348
TI  - [Perineal total prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer: follow-up study].

PMID- 3835349
TI  - [Dynamics of upper urinary tract--the effect of gravity on ureteral peristalsis].

PMID- 3835350
TI  - [Three cases of psychogenic urinary retention in female].

PMID- 3835351
TI  - [Psychogenic urinary retention--pathogenesis, pathophysiology, diagnosis and
      treatment].

PMID- 3835352
TI  - [Problems in the therapy of kidney neoplasms].

PMID- 3835353
TI  - Intracavernous injections of vasoactive substances for the treatment of
      impotence.

PMID- 3835354
TI  - [Combined modality therapy of bladder neoplasms].

PMID- 3835355
TI  - [Catecholamine metabolism of urologic diseases].

PMID- 3835356
TI  - [Clinical study of nephrotic hematuria of unknown etiology].

PMID- 3835357
TI  - [Urethral function at the time of urination].

PMID- 3835358
TI  - [Chemotherapy of urologic neoplasms--experimental approach and clinical
      application].

PMID- 3835359
TI  - [Clinical experiences of renal and upper ureter stones by extracorporeal shock
      wave lithotripsy (ESWL)].

PMID- 3835360
TI  - [A clinical study of one stage hypospadias repair (Hodgson type III)].

PMID- 3835361
TI  - [Results of treatment for testicular cancer].

PMID- 3835362
TI  - [Clinical studies of interstitial cystitis. II. Studies on allergic aspects of
      interstitial cystitis. (1). Infiltration of mastocytes and the relationship with
      infiltration of eosinophil leukocytes and round cells].

PMID- 3835363
TI  - [Studies on citrate metabolism in urolithiasis. 1. An enzymatic determination of
      urinary citrate with citrate lyase].

PMID- 3835364
TI  - [Urodynamic study on pediatric vesicoureteral reflux by X-ray fluoroscopic
      cystometry].

PMID- 3835365
TI  - [Comparison between the gross appearance of human bladder tumor and the surface
      features by scanning electron microscopy].

PMID- 3835366
TI  - [Clinical study on the prognosis of bladder tumor].

PMID- 3835367
TI  - [Study on the causative factor producing urinary calcium stones--urinary
      excretion of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid under various conditions].

PMID- 3835368
TI  - Glycosaminoglycans and collagen in the skin of a patient with diabetic
      scleredema.

PMID- 3835369
TI  - A case of autoimmune neutropenia and thrombocytopenia--effect of high-dose
      intravenous immunoglobulin.

PMID- 3835370
TI  - [Value of echocardiographic substernal projections in the diagnosis of heart
      diseases. Personal experiences].

PMID- 3835371
TI  - [Disorders of the physical properties of blood in patients with primary arterial
      hypertension].

PMID- 3835372
TI  - [Hemodynamic changes in primary arterial hypertension and various rheological
      parameters of the blood].

PMID- 3835373
TI  - [Aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva. Pathogenesis].

PMID- 3835374
TI  - [Echocardiographic anatomy of the heart in substernal projections].

PMID- 3835375
TI  - [Tricuspid insufficiency associated with mitral and mitroaortic valve defects].

PMID- 3835376
TI  - [Variability of electrocardiographic findings in the early repolarization
      syndrome].

PMID- 3835377
TI  - [Atrial fibrillation in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in the light of
      electrophysiologic studies. IV].

PMID- 3835378
TI  - [Evaluation of the correlation between impedance rheography data, function tests
      and basic laboratory studies in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of the
      lower extremities].

PMID- 3835379
TI  - [Evaluation of selected non-invasive parameters in the diagnosis of atrial septal
      defects. I. ECG].

PMID- 3835380
TI  - [Evaluation of selected non-invasive parameters in the diagnosis of atrial septal
      defects. II. PCG].

PMID- 3835381
TI  - [A case of a free-floating clot in the left atrium diagnosed by
      echocardiography].

PMID- 3835382
TI  - [Role of vasopressin in the regulation of arterial blood pressure and in the
      pathogenesis of arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3835383
TI  - [Electrophysiologic indicators of the human heart after intravenous
      administration of Craviten].

PMID- 3835384
TI  - [Isolated infection-induced damage of the pulmonary valve. Echocardiographic
      diagnosis].

PMID- 3835385
TI  - [Proceedings of the 14th Retinology Symposium. 26-27 May 1985, Szczecin. I].

PMID- 3835386
TI  - [Thrombosis of the central retinal artery. Localization, causes and fatal
      outcome].

PMID- 3835387
TI  - [Intraocular pressure in central and peripheral thrombosis of the central retinal
      vein].

PMID- 3835388
TI  - [Hemorrhagic glaucoma in diseases of the posterior segment of the eye].

PMID- 3835389
TI  - [Fluorescein angiography before and after treatment of retinoblastoma].

PMID- 3835390
TI  - [Radon inhalation in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Preliminary report].

PMID- 3835391
TI  - [Electroretinographic examinations supplemented by the electroretinographic
      dazzle test in chalcosis of the eye].

PMID- 3835392
TI  - [Transport, metabolism and the role of vitamin A in the vision process. I.
      Transport of vitamin A to eye tissues].

PMID- 3835393
TI  - [Transport, metabolism and the role of vitamin A in the vision process. II.
      Metabolism of vitamin A in the visual cycle].

PMID- 3835394
TI  - Demographic correlation between occupation and maxillary sinuses cancer mortality
      in Japan.

PMID- 3835395
TI  - Effects of coenzyme Q10 on anoxia-induced changes in cultured adult rat
      cardiomyocytes.

PMID- 3835396
TI  - A case of holoprosencephaly with atypical CT findings and no facial anomaly.

PMID- 3835397
TI  - Measurement of intracranial pressure via the anterior fontanelle in infants with
      hydrocephalus--special observations on the operative indications and
      pathophysiology of infantile hydrocephalus.

PMID- 3835398
TI  - Haloperidol and biperiden plasma levels in a pregnant atypical psychotic woman
      and a neonate--a case report.

PMID- 3835399
TI  - Serum myoglobin in acute cerebrovascular diseases.

PMID- 3835400
TI  - Familial intracranial aneurysms.

PMID- 3835401
TI  - Development of fetal heart rate control in diabetic pregnancies determined by
      nonstress test.

PMID- 3835402
TI  - Electron microscopic observations of benign tumors in oral maxillo facial
      lesions.

PMID- 3835403
TI  - Religiosity and attitude toward institutional authority among adolescents.

PMID- 3835404
TI  - Norms regarding drinking behavior in the business environment.

PMID- 3835405
TI  - Women's workload and rejection of children.

PMID- 3835406
TI  - The use of incentives to increase blood donations.

PMID- 3835407
TI  - Lymphographic abnormalities in patients with Brugia malayi filariasis and
      "idiopathic tropical eosinophilia".
AB  - Peripheral lymphography was carried out in 17 patients with elephantiasis and
      microfilaremia (Brugia malayi) and the findings compared to ten patients with
      "idiopathic tropical eosinophilia." There were extensive changes in peripheral
      lymphatic and regional nodal architecture in each group suggesting that "occult
      filariasis" is the cause of idiopathic tropical eosinophilia.

PMID- 3835408
TI  - Lymphangiography in ferrets infected with Brugia malayi.

PMID- 3835409
TI  - Lymphscintigraphy in peripheral lymphedema using technetium-labelled human serum
      albumin: normal and abnormal patterns.
AB  - Lymphscintigraphy using Tc-99m human serum albumin (HSA) was examined in 23
      patients with peripheral leg lymphedema. Each was injected intradermally with one
      mCi in the medial web space bilaterally. Images of the lower pelvis and both
      thighs were obtained within five minutes after injection using an extralarge
      field view camera GE 500A with low energy all purpose collimator interfaced with
      G.E. Star computer. These images were acquired in dynamic byte mode, 128 X 128
      matrix size, every minute for 40 minutes. Delayed images for this region and of
      both legs were also taken at 90 minutes and time activity curves from comparable
      regions of interest over the inguinal area bilaterally were generated. Three
      patterns emerged: 1--normal lymph flow (12 patients) characterized by symmetrical
      or nearly symmetrical early appearance of lymphatics (medial bands) with
      visualization of inguinal and pelvic lymph nodes in both early and delayed
      images. Time activity curves showed step ladder rise, in "pulses" every three to
      four minutes. 2--enhanced lymph flow pattern (6 patients) was characterized by
      rapid movement of radiolabelled albumin through dilated lymphatics, occasionally
      with subcutaneous pooling, and both larger and more numerous inguinal and pelvic
      nodes on the lymphedematous side. 3--obstructed lymph flow (5 patients) was
      characterized by subcutaneous pooling, absent lymphatics, (medial bands) and
      flat, time activity curve on the lymphedematous side (only background activity)
      and absent inguinal and pelvic nodes. On delayed images, where lymphatic
      obstruction was incomplete there was delayed appearance of inguinal pelvic nodes
      which were fewer and smaller compared to the nonedematous side.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3835410
TI  - Arteriovenous shunts in peripheral lymphedema: hemodynamic features and isotopic
      visualization.
AB  - The hemodynamic characteristics of peripheral lymphedema were studied in 28
      patients with uni- or bilateral leg swelling. Leg blood flow was measured by
      venous isotope dilution (a technique for nutritive--capillary blood flow) and
      arteriovenous shunts were visualized by perfusion scintigraphy using
      radiolabelled macroaggregated albumin. Arteriovenous communications were
      uniformly detected in lymphedema, with a calculated "shunt flow" of 200 to 600
      ml/min. Other features in the lymphedematous leg included an elevated limb blood
      flow rate and narrowed arteriovenous oxygen difference.

PMID- 3835411
TI  - A tissue tonometer for use in the field.

PMID- 3835412
TI  - Effects of serum from rabbits of various ages on cell proliferation.
AB  - The report of Carrel and Ebeling (J. Exp. Med., 34 (1921) 599-623) generally
      gives the impression that both serum and blood plasma from old animals inhibit
      cell proliferation. For confirmation of this, we examined the effects of serum
      from rabbits of various ages on rabbit fetal skin fibroblasts (RSF cell) and
      human fetal lung fibroblasts (TIG-1 cell). Serum from young rabbits 8 months of
      age stimulated proliferation of RSF cells just as did fetal bovine serum, but
      that from old rabbits 5-7.8 years of age was found to significantly increase
      proliferation more than serum from the young. This was also the case when using
      TIG-1 cells. The lesser effect on cell proliferation by young serum apparently
      does not arise from growth-inhibitory factor(s) in the blood components. An
      examination showed young serum to possibly contain fewer growth-stimulatory
      factor(s) than old serum. On the basis of our data, we concluded that old rabbit
      serum stimulates, not inhibits, the proliferation of RSF and TIG-1 cells.

PMID- 3835413
TI  - Radiation-induced changes in late effects and in developmental capacities of
      exposed artemia cysts.
AB  - Artemia dry cysts from a Californian bisexual strain used in several space
      experiments were irradiated with 60Co gamma rays. The three cyst populations
      experimented could be differentiated according to their development and survival
      rates. The variations observed for both of these criteria were related to the age
      of the cysts and the selection technique. The study of radiosensitivity based on
      LD50 value showed that the highest radiosensitivity differences were related to
      the cyst selection technique and not to the age. Furthermore, the three cyst
      populations showed that radio-induced lethal effects were enhanced, or appeared
      with time, namely following the delay between irradiation and the cyst
      development study. The observation of late effects after irradiations or after
      space flights show the difficulties encountered in assessing radiative risks
      during long duration space flights.

PMID- 3835414
TI  - Iron induces oxidative stress and may alter the rate of aging in the housefly,
      Musca domestica.
AB  - Iron is known to play a catalytic role in the generation of oxygen free radicals
      in vitro. The present study was conducted in order to determine the in vivo
      effects of iron intake. Administration of 2 mM ferrous chloride to adult male
      houseflies in their drinking water significantly shortened their life span,
      increased the concentration of inorganic peroxides and chloroform-soluble
      fluorescent material, and stimulated the activity of catalase. Levels of
      superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione and oxygen utilization were
      unaffected. Overall, these results indicate that iron causes oxidative stress in
      vivo and may influence the rate of aging.

PMID- 3835416
TI  - The examination of skeletal remains.
AB  - In summary, unless the more sophisticated methods listed in the references are
      repeated and more success obtained with a series of bone samples of known date,
      no physico-chemical or morphological techniques have yet been devised that will
      determine date independently of environmental deterioration. The only exception
      is the radiocarbon estimation in bones of greater antiquity than those of medico
      legal interest. The best mentor in the examination of skeletal remains is
      experience. Unfortunately, the majority of samples brought to the medical
      examiner remain of unknown provenance, and this prevents the doctor from checking
      his expertise against the true facts of identity and dating. The main point to
      bear in mind is that the tendency toward overinterpretation and dogmatic opinion
      should be avoided where the available data do not merit such a degree of
      certainty. There is no advantage in offering unfounded opinions to the
      investigators, since this might merely mislead them and perhaps cause them to
      exclude a class of possible identities because the doctor has unwisely told them
      to look only within a certain bracket of date and identifiable factors. As in any
      branch of forensic medicine, it is dangerous to speculate where the facts cannot
      firmly support the opinion.

PMID- 3835415
TI  - Changes in oxygen-metabolizing enzymes and lipid peroxidation in human
      erythrocytes as a function of age of donor.
AB  - We have studied the activities of enzymes, which afford protection against
      superoxide radical anion and hydrogen peroxide and estimated the content of
      malondialdehyde. Superoxide dismutase activity decreased slightly with advanced
      age of donors. The activities of catalase and peroxidases were higher in the
      erythrocytes of the middle age group and the old age group than in the young
      individuals. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive product was also significantly elevated
      in the aged donors. These results support the hypothesis that observed
      differences in the activities of enzymes and the level of malondialdehyde may
      contribute to the changes associated with aging, produced by the free radical
      reactions.

PMID- 3835417
TI  - A skeleton only clad with skin: the medico-legal aspects of anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 3835418
TI  - The current status of actions for wrongful life and wrongful birth.

PMID- 3835419
TI  - Artificial insemination donor: a constitutional model.

PMID- 3835420
TI  - Psychosocial characteristics of homicide and suicide victims.

PMID- 3835421
TI  - Iatrogenic surgical liability.

PMID- 3835422
TI  - The limits of liability for psychiatric malpractice.

PMID- 3835423
TI  - A model for making medical consent forms more comprehensible.

PMID- 3835424
TI  - The sleeping giant awakens: the physician and the antitrust laws.

PMID- 3835425
TI  - Blood alcohol concentrations: factors affecting predictions.
AB  - As a result of extensive alcohol research conducted on both humans and animals,
      it is possible to predict a BAC, given pertinent data. In addition, it is
      possible to estimate from a given BAC the quantity of alcohol consumed. Caution
      must be used in these predictions, for certain factors will affect the final
      estimation. Absorption of alcohol is influenced by gastrointestinal contents and
      motility, and also the composition and quantity of the alcoholic beverage. The
      vascularity of tissues influences the distribution of alcohol, and their water
      content will determine the amount of alcohol present after equilibrium.
      Elimination of alcohol begins immediately after absorption. The elimination rate
      varies for individuals but falls between .015 percent to .020 percent per hour,
      with an average of .018 percent per hour. In addition to these factors, a BAC
      will depend on the subject's weight, percentage of alcohol in the beverage, and
      the rate of drinking. The principal effect of alcohol in the body is on the
      central nervous system. Its depressant effect consists of impairment to sensory,
      motor and learned functions. When combined with some other drugs, a more
      intoxicated state occurs. Although tolerance to alcohol at low blood
      concentrations is possible, the tolerance most noted is a learned tolerance among
      chronic drinkers. contamination of antemortem blood samples collected for alcohol
      analysis is minimal when swabbing with an ethanolic antiseptic is performed with
      routine clinical technique; sloppy swabbing has been shown to increase the BAC
      determination significantly. The alcoholic content of blood used for transfusion
      does not contribute significantly to the BAC of the recipient, since extensive
      dilution occurs; nor does the alcohol present in injectable medication contribute
      significantly. Although many factors may alter the concentration of alcohol
      present in autopsy specimens, postmortem synthesis of alcohol receives the most
      attention. The microorganisms that cause postmortem ethanol production can be
      inhibited by adding a preservative to the samples and storing them under
      refrigeration. Should putrefaction be present, it is recommended that, in
      addition to blood, several different specimens be collected and analyzed for the
      presence of alcohol. Antemortem blood samples containing ethanol, collected using
      sterile tubes and techniques, may be analyzed up to 14 days later with reasonable
      certainty that the ethanol level reflects that which was present at the time of
      collection.

PMID- 3835426
TI  - The effective use of a questioned document examiner in medical malpractice cases.
AB  - The successful use of questioned document examiners in medical malpractice cases
      requires: Knowing what a document examiner can do in examining medical records;
      Defining in advance the areas of the records to be examined and the specific
      purposes thereof; Choosing a properly qualified questioned document examiner;
      Agreeing with the examiner on the cost and scope of his examination and
      prospective testimony; Evaluating the examiner's laboratory report in light of
      the claims made in the case; Conducting a proper pretrial conference with the
      examiner, covering not only the examiner's prospective testimony but possible
      opposing testimony.

PMID- 3835427
TI  - The use of polygraph testing in civil litigation.

PMID- 3835428
TI  - Stress and ulceration: medico-legal aspects.
AB  - This paper outlines the possibility of acute, and perhaps, fatal, if not
      diagnosed, stress ulcers precipitated by trauma, surgery, or other potentiating
      events. It should once again be emphasized that prevention is the best treatment
      for the stress-induced ulcer, and that this prevention may occur at both a
      secondary level (defusion of emotive or physical precipitators) and a primary
      level (reduction of gastric acid and/or bleeding).

PMID- 3835430
TI  - [Glycosylation of hemoglobin and plasma proteins in petrochemical plant workers].
AB  - The concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin and (plasma) proteins has been
      measured in 111 workers of 6 MZRiP departments in Plock and in 54 healthy people.
      In all subjects the mean concentrations of glycosylated hemoglobin and
      glycosylated plasma proteins have been in so called "wide range of normal
      values". Significant shifts of glycosylated Hb concentrations have been found in
      two departments--those of ethylenederivatives and distillation. The concentration
      of glycosylated plasma proteins has been elevated only in workers of the
      Catalytic Processes Department.

PMID- 3835431
TI  - [Basophil histamine and peripheral blood serotonin in metal and toxic gas
      poisoning].
AB  - Thirty-six persons in non-occupational exposure to air polluted by sulphur and
      nitrogen oxides and metallic lead and cadmium dust have been examined. The levels
      of basophil histamine and whole blood serotonin have been determined. A decrease
      in the basophil histamine level observed in our studies may be indicative of
      allergic effects of industrial pollution in that region. Simultaneously, we
      observed changes in the ratios of biogenic amines responsible for immunological
      response, i.e. changes in the histamine-serotonin ratio.

PMID- 3835429
TI  - [Comparison of the levels of 6 metals in the blood of workers in the Belchatow
      Industrial District before and after activation of the electric power station].
AB  - The concentration of six trace metals has been determined in the blood of 90
      workers of the Belchatow Industrial District after the electric power station
      start-off. The results have been compared with those related to the time before
      the start-off. The trace elements have been determined using the flameless atomic
      absorption (Cd, Pb, Mn), flame atomic absorption (Zn), or colorimetric methods
      (Fe, Cu). In those examined after the electric power station start-off, as
      compared to the group examined prior to the start-off, the following observations
      have been made:--similar average concentrations of toxic metals--cadmium and lead
      -in blood,--similar average concentrations of copper in serum,--higher average
      concentrations of manganese and ferrum in serum,--lower concentrations of zinc in
      serum. The differences might be due to changes in living conditions or increased
      exposure to the metals. The investigations further contribute to the prospective
      evaluation of the effects of the Belchatow Industrial District upon the level of
      trace metals in the blood of the workers of that district.

PMID- 3835432
TI  - [Causes of disability related to occupational exposure to carbon disulfide].
AB  - The health condition of 615 disabled persons--in result of occupational CS2
      poisoning--has been checked. The diseases yielding grounds for qualification into
      one of disability groups have been established. In all the disabled people one of
      the nervous system diseases was diagnosed, which gave grounds for disability
      certification. Most frequently diagnosed was encephalopathy, less frequently-
      pseudoneurotic syndrome, polyneuropathy and psychoorganic syndrome. In 75% of
      disabled persons at least one of the circulatory system diseases was diagnosed,
      the intensity of which affected also the psycho-physical status of those
      examined. Among the circulation organ diseases, clinical syndromes of
      arteriosclerosis were diagnosed, such as heart ischaemia and vascular diseases of
      the brain. At present, occupational CS2 poisoning is diagnosed when irreversible
      changes in the nervous system are found, accompanied by advanced changes in the
      circulatory system, thus--when the workers' health condition calls for disability
      qualification. It seems advisable to establish such diagnostic criteria for CS2
      poisoning that a worker unable to work in exposure to neurotoxic substances
      (preventive elimination) can get compensation for health detriment when he can
      still work at other workplaces so that there is no need for disability
      qualification.

PMID- 3835433
TI  - [Evaluation of occupational exposure to cadmium based on analysis of air in the
      work area. II. Cadmium oxide levels in the air of work areas during cadmium
      production in a non-ferrous metal foundry].
AB  - By stationary measurements the levels of cadmium oxide aerosols concentrations in
      air at particular workplaces related to cadmium production at non-ferrous metals
      mill have been determined. High concentrations of that compound have been found
      at such technological operations as unloading of cadmium-bearing raw materials,
      batching of cadmium sponge in the induction furnace and casting of fused cadmium
      into moulds. With the personal dosimetry technique, concentrations of that
      compound in the workers' breathing zone have been determined. Those were within
      0.16-1.84 mg/m3, so--above the TLV values. However, those concentrations do not
      necessarily reflect the occupational exposure magnitude, as the workers had
      respirators.

PMID- 3835434
TI  - [Internal contamination by tritium caused by radioluminescent paints].
AB  - The internal contamination investigations covered 23 persons using
      radioluminescence paints containing tritium, assembling devices painted with
      those paints, and those having no contact with active paints but working next to
      the painting room. Determined were concentrations of tritium excreted with urine,
      air contamination at workplaces, contamination of workplace areas and hand skin.
      At the time covered by the investigations, the mean annual equivalent doses for
      those using tritium paints were reduced from 14-20 mSv to about 5 mSv. In those
      working next to the painting room they were reduced from 5.8-15 to 0.23 mSv. The
      exposure of those assembling the devices does not exceed 1 mSv. It was
      demonstrated that the main cause of the tritium exposure level was air
      contamination in working rooms.

PMID- 3835435
TI  - [Medical anthropology--a framework for its study].

PMID- 3835436
TI  - [Enthesitis of the pisiform bone].

PMID- 3835437
TI  - [Ren mobilis--pathologic mobility of the kidney as a factor in the onset of
      chronic recurrent urinary tract infections and chronic pyelonephritis].

PMID- 3835438
TI  - [Association of ischemic heart disease with acquired defects].

PMID- 3835439
TI  - [Electroclinical characteristics of the effect of redergine on penicillin-induced
      epilepsy].

PMID- 3835440
TI  - [The extent of utilization of passive immunization in the prevention of tetanus].

PMID- 3835441
TI  - [Nonpenetrating deceleration injuries of the thoracic aorta--3 case reports].

PMID- 3835442
TI  - [Chronic discoid lupus erythematosus of the eyelids].

PMID- 3835443
TI  - [Perinephric abscess].

PMID- 3835444
TI  - [Primary cavitating lung cancer].

PMID- 3835445
TI  - [Physiologic role of fatty acids and their relation to the type of nutrition and
      the onset of atherosclerosis].

PMID- 3835446
TI  - [Comparison of depressive symptoms during childhood and in adults].

PMID- 3835447
TI  - [Clinical experience in the treatment of gynecologic and obstetrical infections
      with cefotaxime].

PMID- 3835448
TI  - [Are diabetic patients neurotic?].

PMID- 3835449
TI  - Design considerations in screening for behavioral teratogens: results of the
      Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study. Proceedings of a conference. September
      3-6, 1985, Cincinnati, Ohio.

PMID- 3835450
TI  - Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study: background and overview.
AB  - Organization of the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study began in 1978
      because of concern about potential postnatal dysfunction following developmental
      chemical exposure. The study design was focused primarily on the evaluation of
      reliability of behavioral testing methods, the sensitivity of these methods to
      alterations produced by prenatal chemical exposure, and the effects of litter,
      sex of the animals and prior testing experience on behavioral responses. The test
      methods and chemicals used were selected from the literature available at that
      time using certain specific criteria. NCTR served as the pilot testing
      laboratory, and five additional laboratories participated in the study, using a
      standardized protocol, testing equipment and procedures. The results of the study
      are presented in other papers in this issue, and give ample evidence for
      consistency of the behavioral measures used within and between studies, and
      within and between laboratories. The issues of sensitivity, sex, litter and prior
      testing experience were addressed within the framework of this study design, but
      further systematic evaluation of chemicals and methods is encouraged, as
      exemplified by the invited papers in this issue.

PMID- 3835451
TI  - Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study: preliminary research.
AB  - Prior to the beginning of the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study (CBTS),
      extensive preliminary experiments were conducted. Several experiments were
      conducted to permit the selection and verification of dosage levels of d
      amphetamine sulfate and methylmercuric chloride to be used in the CBTS. These
      studies included evaluations of any teratogenic effects produced by selected
      concentrations of the chemicals, the potential pathology produced in the dams and
      offspring, and the postnatal behavioral consequences of the prenatal exposures.
      This preliminary research allowed the determination of the most appropriate
      experimental design for the CBTS, verified the practicality of the schedule of
      work, assured that all necessary procedural details were specified, and provided
      a database for the determination of the most appropriate statistical techniques
      for the analyses of the data. This paper presents the details and results of the
      preliminary research performed prior to beginning the CBTS.

PMID- 3835452
TI  - Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study: protocol design and testing
      procedures.
AB  - This paper presents background information on the methods used in the
      Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study (CBTS), the rationale behind the
      experimental design, and the design and specific procedures used in the CBTS.
      Each of the following methods is discussed: negative geotaxis, olfactory
      discrimination, auditory startle habituation, one-hour activity in the figure-8
      maze, visual discrimination learning, 23-hour activity in the figure-8 maze, and
      amphetamine-stimulated activity. The CBTS was designed to determine the intra-
      and interlaboratory reliability of these test methods and the detection
      sensitivity of each method, as well as to determine the importance of several
      major variables (early test experience, gender, litter). The important design
      features which permitted these evaluations are discussed. Each laboratory
      conducted two independent experiments: one using d-amphetamine sulfate as the
      test agent and one using methylmercuric chloride. Other than the use of different
      agents and dosing regimens in the two studies, all other characteristics of
      experimental design were identical. Each study was conducted in four replicates
      with 4 litters/each of 4 treatment groups/replicate. The replicate design was an
      important feature which permitted reliability of the tests to be addressed under
      conditions in which several other sources of variation in responding could be
      identified and accounted for in the model. Other methods by which optimal testing
      conditions were implemented in the participating laboratories included the
      "blind" testing of all subjects in specific orders which were counterbalanced for
      treatment group, time of day, and the apparatus in which the animals were
      placed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3835453
TI  - Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study: statistical approach.
AB  - The design of the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study included six
      laboratories and two test compounds, d-amphetamine sulfate and methylmercuric
      chloride. For each lab-compound combination, there were four doses, four
      replicates (reps), four litters within each dose-rep combination, and eight pups
      per litter (four males and four females). Two males and two females per litter
      had early experience testing, the other pups in each litter were naive until day
      21 of age. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.
      The three major questions addressed were reliability, sensitivity, and effects of
      early testing experience. The question of litter or pup being the appropriate
      experimental unit also is discussed. An explanation of interactions and an
      example of sample size calculations are included.

PMID- 3835454
TI  - Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study: results.
AB  - Behavioral measures used in the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study (CBTS)
      were negative geotaxis (PNDs 7-10), olfactory discrimination (PNDs 9-11),
      auditory startle habituation (PNDs 18-19 and 57-58), 1-hr activity (PNDs 21, 60,
      100 and 120), 23-hr activity (PND 100), activity following a pharmacological
      challenge (PND 120), and an operant, discrete trial visual discrimination task.
      Maternal and offspring body weights and the appearance of certain physical
      landmarks of development were also monitored. The design of the CBTS allowed
      evaluation of the reproducibility and detection sensitivity of these behavioral
      test methods, as well as the impact of early testing experience on later
      behavioral assessment, offspring sex differences in response levels and
      variability, and the contribution of litter-to-litter and animal-to-animal
      variation to behavioral measures in a standardized test protocol. The results
      obtained in this test system are discussed in relation to each of these factors
      and to the degree of overt toxicity obtained using prenatal treatment with 0, 0.5
      or 2.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine sulfate, SC, on gestation days 12-15 (Study 1) or
      methylmercuric chloride, 0, 2.0 or 6.0 mg/kg by gavage, on gestation days 6-9
      (Study 2).

PMID- 3835455
TI  - Comparison of the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study and Cincinnati
      Behavioral Teratology test batteries.
AB  - Comparison is made of the NCTR Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study (CBTS)
      test battery with tests of the Cincinnati test battery using rat offspring
      derived from the same samples and sub-divided and evaluated in parallel. It was
      noted that in the two experiments, one using prenatal d-amphetamine and one
      prenatal methylmercury exposure, both test batteries were in general agreement,
      viz., d-amphetamine was largely negative with no major findings observed and
      methylmercury was positive with several major findings. The results obtained from
      the two test batteries differed, however, in the methylmercury experiments,
      undoubtedly as a reflection of the different tests used. Whereas the CBTS battery
      detected in each laboratory methylmercury-induced auditory startle facilitation,
      increased adult activity, and in all laboratories combined decreased correct
      responding and intertrial responding in operant conditioning, the Cincinnati
      battery found delayed righting and swimming ontogeny, decreased adolescent
      activity, and impaired complex water maze performance. It was noted that the CBTS
      battery emphasized startle and activity testing, while the Cincinnati battery
      emphasized reflex ontogeny. The CBTS battery convincingly demonstrated its
      detection sensitivity, intralaboratory and interlaboratory reliability, but since
      few positive control agents were evaluated relatively few data on criterion
      validity were obtained. The Cincinnati battery has relatively little data on its
      interlaboratory reliability, but a large amount of data on intralaboratory
      reliability, sensitivity, and through the use of many positive control agents in
      the past, considerable data establishing its criterion validity. All tests need
      all three characteristics, but validation is the most crucial task for future
      research on these and other test batteries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3835456
TI  - Behavioral teratology as the study of early brain damage: considerations for the
      assessment of neonates.
AB  - Research in early traumatic brain damage indicates that, because of recovery-of
      function, the behavioral effects of teratogenic agents and experiences may be
      easier to detect in younger animals. This makes early assessment desirable in
      behavioral teratogenicity screens, but requires careful consideration of the
      unique capabilities of the neonate and the assessment of behaviors more
      sophisticated than relatively gross motor behaviors. Several behaviors are
      discussed as examples of tests appropriate to the early assessment of CNS
      integrity. These tests may prove valuable as powerful, cost-effective
      discriminators of teratogenicity.

PMID- 3835457
TI  - Issues of methodology and interpretation in clinical and animal behavioral
      teratology studies.
AB  - Selected methodological issues of appropriate control procedures and dose
      response relationships are discussed with respect to the issue of interpretation.
      Neuropsychiatric effects in infants and children following prenatal exposure to
      alcohol or the opioids are compared with effects reported in animals.

PMID- 3835458
TI  - United Kingdom: regulatory attitudes toward behavioural teratology testing.
AB  - In the UK, postnatal evaluation of offspring, extending beyond weight and
      survival data, is currently only required under the guidelines for testing human
      medicines. Such testing is carried out as part of fertility studies and, under
      some circumstances, as part of perinatal studies. In the 10 years of experience
      since the guideline was introduced, the majority of test data submitted have
      focused on physical, sensory and motor development of the offspring. More complex
      behavioural tests of cognitive function are generally only carried out for drugs
      with therapeutic actions on the central nervous system. Some of the reasons
      behind the present reluctance to introduce behavioural teratology testing for
      classes of chemicals other than drugs are discussed.

PMID- 3835459
TI  - Guidelines for developmental toxicity testing of chemicals in Japan.
AB  - With the definition of teratogenicity expanded in terms of the developmental
      stages when an agent acts and the types of developmental anomalies induced, the
      concept of developmental toxicity has been established. The examination of
      functional developmental disorders including behavior has become one of the most
      important items for the evaluation of developmental toxicity of chemicals,
      especially pharmaceutical drugs. The guidelines for developmental toxicity
      testing of drugs in Japan stress the need for examination of growth and
      development including behavior and fertility on the postweaning offspring. The
      outline of the Japanese guidelines is presented and it is emphasized that studies
      should be done as research and include self evaluation of the scientific truth of
      the experiment and extrapolation to humans. In addition, the activities of the
      Behavioral Teratology Meeting, a satellite meeting to the Japanese Teratology
      Society, are introduced and enquete surveys of the Japan Pharmaceutical
      Manufacturers Association and collaborative studies for the standardization of
      learning tests in Japan are briefly presented.

PMID- 3835461
TI  - Design and analysis issues in behavioral teratology testing.

PMID- 3835460
TI  - An industrial developmental toxicologist's view of behavioral teratology and
      possible guidelines.
AB  - Many events or studies, such as the Minimata episode, during the past three
      decades have shown that prenatal insults can have lasting effects on the
      postnatal functioning of the offspring. These have been duplicated in animal
      models, and animal studies have been extended to other compounds with the
      eventual goal of being able to establish the risk in humans of neurological
      damage a priori from prenatal exposures. However, behavioral tests are not
      standardized with many of them lacking sensitivity, and are so vulnerable to
      environmental factors, that little confidence can be placed in their ability to
      predict risk to the human at this time. More research is needed to develop better
      tests and an understanding of their significance to humans before they are useful
      in regulatory toxicology.

PMID- 3835462
TI  - Strategies for the selection of test methods.

PMID- 3835463
TI  - Dosing considerations in behavioral teratology testing.

PMID- 3835464
TI  - Application of behavioral teratology testing procedures.

PMID- 3835465
TI  - Interpretation of behavioral teratology data.

PMID- 3835466
TI  - Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study: implications, current applications and
      future directions.
AB  - The general conclusions from the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study (CBTS)
      and the implications for research and testing in the field of behavioral
      teratology are discussed. The results of the CBTS indicate that behavioral
      teratology data are reproducible, if appropriate attention to study design and
      testing procedures is maintained. The statistical detection sensitivity of most
      of the test procedures was excellent, requiring no more than a 5-20% change from
      control values to detect an effect. Litter, gender and early testing experience
      may contribute significant variation and should be controlled in any testing
      situation. The application of behavioral teratology testing and the regulatory
      role of data for hazard assessment and risk estimation to the human population
      are discussed. Future research needs were identified from the CBTS workshop
      discussions.

PMID- 3835467
TI  - Dopaminergic mediation of long-term behavioral effects of in utero drug exposure.
AB  - The influence of external agents on the developing brain has led to the
      hypothesis that, during critical periods of rapid development, such agents may
      have long-lasting effects on brain function and behavior. The dopaminergic
      systems are particularly suitable for examining the hypothesis, since the neural
      tracts using dopamine have been widely studied; their influence on behavior is,
      to some extent, understood; the tracts begin development in mice and rats late in
      gestation; and there are a number of drugs known to have particular effects on
      these systems. Literature is reviewed that supports the hypothesis that drugs
      affecting dopamine metabolism, when administered during the early development of
      the dopaminergic tracts, produce persistent changes both in the metabolism of
      dopamine and in behavior mediated by neural systems which utilize dopamine as a
      transmitter.

PMID- 3835468
TI  - Age-specific behaviors as tools for examining teratogen-induced neural
      alterations.
AB  - One approach to evaluate the impact of chemical insults during development is to
      examine teratogen-induced alterations in age-specific behaviors that appear to be
      modulated by activity of specific neurotransmitter systems. A number of age
      specific behaviors appear to be useful candidates for neurobehavioral assessment
      batteries. During the first postnatal week, mouthing in numerous situations
      appears to be strongly related to serotonergic activity. Footshock- or
      pharmacologically-precipitated wall climbing behavior, which is seen specifically
      during the second postnatal week in rat pups, seems to be related to
      noradrenergic, and perhaps dopaminergic, activity. The rapid ontogenetic decline
      in wall climbing seen after the second postnatal week may be in part related to
      the maturation of a cholinergic inhibitory influence on this behavior pattern.
      The periadolescent period, an age associated in rats with a number of age
      specific alterations in behavior and psychopharmacological responsivity, appears
      to be associated with age-related alterations in dopaminergic activity.
      Examination of teratogen-induced alterations in age-specific behaviors such as
      these may provide useful early markers of the neural substrates potentially
      affected by early insults.

PMID- 3835469
TI  - Detection of prenatal effects on learning as a function of differential criteria.
AB  - The role of appropriate criteria for detecting prenatal effects on learning was
      evaluated in Crl:COBS CD (SD)BR rats using a two-choice spatial discrimination
      escape paradigm. Alcohol was the prenatal treatment, as it has been reported to
      produce learning deficits in rats. The offspring of dams which consumed either a
      lab chow diet or isocaloric liquid diets containing 0%, 17.5% or 35% ethanol
      derived calories during pregnancy were reared by surrogate control dams and
      tested for watermaze learning at 20 days postparturition. Learning performance
      and the required number of trials to the selected criterion were interrelated:
      (1) four or five consecutive errorless trials were too difficult, as high error
      rates occurred in all groups, including the control; (2) two consecutive
      errorless trials, or the number of trials before the first errorless trial, were
      too simple, as low error rates occurred in all groups, including the high dosage
      group; and (3) three consecutive errorless trials revealed significant dosage
      dependent learning decrements in the alcohol-exposed groups. The results indicate
      that selection of the appropriate criterion in learning paradigms is critical for
      valid testing of prenatal effects.

PMID- 3835470
TI  - Conceptual and procedural considerations for developmental assessment of learning
      and memory (dys)function following neurotoxicant exposure.
AB  - Symptoms of memory impairment are often reported following neurotoxicant
      exposure. Untoward effects on the developing organism, potentially reflected as
      later learning disabilities and memory problems, deserve critical evaluation.
      Animal models providing rigorous experimental control are extremely important in
      this context. The psychological literature offers a variety of tasks and
      procedures for use across many developmental ages. Most recent progress has
      demonstrated evidence of associative capacity in infrahumans as early as birth,
      and under specific conditions even prenatally. Common to all assessments of
      learning and memory capabilities, however, is the requisite that these processes
      be inferred from overt behavior. This requirement confers the responsibility of
      differentiating alterations of an associative nature from those of a
      nonassociative nature (e.g., motivation, attention, perception, sensory
      adaptation, fatigue, activity, and reactivity, etc.). When across age comparisons
      are also of interest, additional attention must be paid to potential differences
      in available sensory processes, response repertoire, and ecologically relevant
      contextual determinants (e.g., ambient temperature, presence of familiar odors or
      conspecifics), particularly with preweanling and neonatal animals. Specific
      guidelines are offered for the criteria and implementation of controls typically
      necessary to provide a convincing demonstration of an associative impairment.

PMID- 3835471
TI  - Behavioral effects of prenatal d-amphetamine in rats: a parallel trial to the
      Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study.
AB  - Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 0, 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg of d-amphetamine
      sulphate on days 12-15 of gestation or left untreated as part of the NCTR
      Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study were assigned to either the
      Collaborative Study or Cincinnati Test protocol after birth. Offspring assigned
      to the Cincinnati test system were evaluated for growth, mortality, incisor
      eruption, eye opening, vaginal patency, surface righting, negative geotaxis,
      pivoting, auditory startle, olfactory orientation, swimming ontogeny, figure-8
      activity, and complex water maze (Biel) problem solving. Amphetamine at both
      doses caused fewer offspring to be born per litter and reduced the proportion of
      males born in the 0.5 mg/kg group. Amphetamine produced no reliable effects on
      offspring growth as reflected by weight or survival. The 0.5 mg/kg amphetamine
      group showed delayed eye opening, but the 2.0 mg/kg group did not. Amphetamine
      produced no significant effects on other physical landmarks of development or on
      measures of behavioral performance except swimming ontogeny. Early swimming
      direction scores were significantly lower in the amphetamine groups compared to
      controls, but the effect was isolated; no other aspect of swimming was affected.
      It was concluded that at the doses and exposure period used here, d-amphetamine
      appears to be at best weakly behaviorally teratogenic using the Cincinnati test
      system. This finding is in general agreement with the results obtained with the
      same treatment regiment in the NCTR Collaborative Study. Both test systems appear
      comparable at correctly identifying the low level of behavioral teratogenicity of
      moderate doses of prenatal d-amphetamine.

PMID- 3835472
TI  - Behavioral effects of prenatal methylmercury in rats: a parallel trial to the
      Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study.
AB  - Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 0, 2.0 or 6.0 mg/kg of methylmercury on
      days 6-9 of gestation or left untreated as part of the Collaborative Behavioral
      Teratology Study (CBTS) were assigned to either the CBTS or Cincinnati Test
      protocol after birth. Offspring assigned to the Cincinnati test system were
      evaluated for growth, mortality, incisor eruption, eye opening, vaginal patency,
      surface righting, negative geotaxis, pivoting, olfactory orientation, swimming
      ontogeny, figure-8 activity, and complex water maze (Biel) problem solving.
      Methylmercury lengthened gestation, reduced maternal weight, and increased
      offspring preweaning mortality at the higher dose. This dose also accelerated
      upper and lower incisor eruption and delayed vaginal patency development. The
      high dose produced a non-significant reduction in offspring weight from shortly
      after birth to 30 days of age, and a significant reduction in weight by 60 days
      of age. This dose caused a significant delay in surface righting development and
      swimming ontogeny, while the low dose accelerated negative geotaxis turning and
      swimming angle development. The high dose reduced postweaning figure-8 activity,
      increased Biel water maze time, errors, and proportion of trial failures (no
      escape within 6 min), although the effect on errors was not significant. It was
      concluded that at the doses and exposure period used here, methylmercury was
      confirmed to be a potent behavioral teratogen using the Cincinnati test system.
      This finding is in agreement with the results obtained with the same treatment
      regimen in the CBTS. Two tests from the Cincinnati test system, swimming ontogeny
      and Biel maze, provided evidence that they would significantly improve the
      detection power of the CBTS test battery.

PMID- 3835473
TI  - A test battery for screening behavioral teratogens in mice.
AB  - The assessment battery was developed for identifying teratogens in mice (CD-1,
      outbred strain) since many non-behavioral toxicologists prefer working with the
      mouse and because the mouse is less costly to house and feed. This approach
      emphasizes the importance of adult toxicity data in the selection of exposure
      levels for teratologic studies and for interpreting behavioral teratogenic
      effects. Potential teratogen exposure is both prenatal and postnatal with the
      goal of identifying the need for more costly and time consuming, cross-fostering
      and critical period designs. The test battery includes the assessment of multiple
      behavioral capabilities, including physical landmarks, reflex development, motor
      capability and passive avoidance learning. We have found the behavioral
      capabilities of the mouse to be similar to those of the rat in variability and
      range of response. Our methodology has emphasized drinking water exposure to
      chemicals since we were involved in the evaluation of drinking water
      contaminants, but the battery should be amenable to any route of exposure.

PMID- 3835474
TI  - Reflex modification as a test for sensory function.
AB  - Reflex modification is a versatile procedure for the assessment of sensory
      function because it can provide information about the responses of several
      sensory systems to both weak and intense stimuli. The procedure has two elements:
      The elicitation of some reflex, such as the acoustic startle reflex, and the
      modification of that reflex by preliminary stimuli. In these experiments we used
      reflex modification and reflex elicitation procedures to examine the normal
      development of auditory function in rats and to evaluate alterations in auditory
      function produced by physical and toxic insult. Adult rats exposed to octave
      bands of noise demonstrated frequency-specific deficits on a test of reflex
      modification, but not reflex elicitation. In the studies of developing rats,
      reflex elicitation appeared by postnatal day 12 and modification around day 14.
      Frequency-specific increases in both measures suggested that the phenomena were
      sensitive to auditory development and, not simply, motor development. Exposure to
      kanamycin on postnatal days 8 to 16 produced dose-related deficits in the ability
      to detect stimuli at 32 and 16 kHz, but not 4 and 0.8 kHz. These effects were
      observed in the absence of changes in reflex elicitation. The results demonstrate
      that reflex modification procedures provide more sensitive and specific
      information than that provided by the use of reflex elicitation alone.

PMID- 3835475
TI  - Effects of limited paternal exposure to xenobiotic agents on the development of
      progeny.
AB  - This report represents a series of investigations of the postnatal functional
      sequelae of paternal exposure to opioids and other xenobiotic agents. In separate
      studies, young adult male mice were exposed to (1) morphine; (2) levorphanol or
      its nonanalgesic isomer dextrorphan; or (3) 80% nitrous oxide/20% oxygen. Males
      (5-8/group) were injected twice daily for 5 1/2 or 8 1/2 days with opioids or
      saline, or received a single 4 hour inhalation exposure to nitrous oxide/oxygen
      or compressed air. At 6-8 1/2 days post-treatment, each male was housed with 3
      drug-naive nulliparous females. With the exception of birth weights of litters,
      no alterations in reproductive indices were observed. Changes in reproductive
      endocrine parameters included marked attenuation of serum luteinizing hormone
      response to castration in both young adult (8 week) and older (18 week) F1
      morphine offspring, when compared with saline-derived groups. The morphine
      progeny showed decrements in body weight and delayed onset of maturational
      indices through four generations of selective inbreeding. Similar developmental
      delays occurred in F1 offspring originating from paternal levorphanol,
      dextrorphan and nitrous oxide groups, when compared with their respective
      controls. Behavioral study of F1 offspring revealed alterations in: water maze
      performance and learning, if preceded by unavoidable footshock, in morphine
      offspring at 8 and 18 weeks; aberrant swim patterns in both levorphanol and
      dextrorphan progeny at 6 1/2 and 8 1/2 weeks. Nitrous oxide progeny showed a
      blunting of hypothermic response to pharmacologic challenge at 16 weeks, in
      comparison to compressed air controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3835476
TI  - Behavioral methods in reproductive and developmental toxicology.
AB  - A questionnaire was sent to 75 representatives of 71 pharmaceutical companies or
      toxicology contract laboratories to determine the extent of behavioral teratology
      (neurobehavioral development) testing currently conducted by the pharmaceutical
      industry. The form used was a modification of one used by Buelke-Sam and Kimmel.
      The present survey made inquiry about test methods employed, test species, animal
      age at testing. CNS functions believed to be measured, other toxicologic
      endpoints measured concomitantly, correlation of other observations with
      behavioral alterations, advantages and disadvantages of test methods used,
      influence of current regulatory requirements on the extent of testing, and
      utilization of positive controls. Forty-five responses (60%) were received and 26
      of these (58%) indicated that some behavioral testing was being conducted. None
      of the respondents was performing the same combination of specific tests or
      classes of tests. As in 1978, testing facilities acknowledged a need for some
      kind of behavioral testing, but with flexibility as to specific methods. Of 13
      specified classes of behavior, about half of the respondents were testing 6
      classes or more of behavior and were evaluating all agents under development. The
      primary test subject was the weanling rat. Overall, there have been no major
      changes in the frequency of sampling from behavioral classes or use of specific
      tests of behavior since 1978.

PMID- 3835477
TI  - d-Amphetamine as a behavioral teratogen: effects depend on dose, sex, age and
      task.
AB  - Reports on the behavioral effects of prenatal exposure to d-amphetamine in
      rodents are inconsistent. Activity levels have been variously reported to
      increase, decrease, or show no change (as in the Collaborative Study) following
      such exposure. As a follow-up to the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study, 3
      experiments have been conducted at the NCTR to examine the behavioral
      teratogenicity of this compound following SC dosing on days 12-15 of gestation. A
      higher dosage (3 mg/kg) was included and evaluations involved tasks used in the
      Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study (startle, figure-8 activity) and other
      tasks not previously undertaken at the NCTR (short-term reactivity to novel open
      fields, intake of sweetened solutions). Activity measures gave especially mixed
      results. There was no effect of prenatal exposure, even at 3 mg/kg, upon longer
      term activity, before or after amphetamine challenge, in figure-8 mazes or
      rectangular photocell chambers, at postnatal days (PND) 47 or 120. In one
      experiment, changes in reactivity to brief exposure to an open field daily over 3
      days were seen in higher dosage PND 135 males but not females, while higher
      dosage females but not males showed lowered emergence latencies at this age. In a
      second experiment, no exposure-related changes were seen in reactivity to an open
      field in offspring of either sex at PND 47 or 70. Auditory startle amplitude
      showed complex dose effects in these two experiments. Females exposed to 3 mg/kg
      had elevated startle amplitude at PNDs 47 and 120, but not at PND 19. Males in
      the 3 mg/kg group had elevated startle at PND 19, but not thereafter.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3835478
TI  - A study of startle and locomotor activity in rats exposed prenatally to
      methylmercury.
AB  - The permanence of developmental abnormalities from prenatal methylmercuric
      chloride (MMC) was examined in the offspring of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed on
      Days 6-15 of gestation to 0.00, 0.25, 1.25, 2.50, or 5.0 mg/kg MMC. The effects
      of MMC on reproduction and early physical development were examined together with
      tests of negative geotaxis, righting, pivoting, swimming, locomotor activity in
      an open field, and startle responses to either tactile or acoustic stimuli. No
      live offspring were produced by females treated with 5.0 mg/kg MMC. Offspring
      from the 2.50 mg/kg dose group displayed impaired performance on almost all pre
      weaning measures and continuing abnormalities on longitudinal tests of locomotor
      activity in an open field and startle response performance.

PMID- 3835479
TI  - Behavioral and biochemical alterations following in utero exposure to
      methylmercury.
AB  - Behavioral changes induced in utero by methylmercury (MeHg) were studied with a
      non-invasive measure of patterns of effects in 1 to 35 day old rats. Lipid
      peroxidation (LP) and acetylcholinesterase (AChe) activity were used to compare
      effects in four different brain regions. MeHg (0, 2 or 6 mg/kg) was administered
      (PO) at day 6, 7, 8 and 9 of gestation. Rats were videotaped on day 10, 12, 20
      and 34 and sacrificed on day 1, 13, 21 and 35. No changes in body or brain
      weights or other ancillary measures of growth and development occurred between 1
      35 days. Cellular injury in brain regions as measured by LP was not altered by
      MeHg. AChe activity decreased in the anterior cortex and cerebellum on PN12.
      Frequency, dispersion and interactions of behavioral elements were determined.
      Frequency of grooming mode elements was decreased at 10, 12 and 34 days for 6
      mg/kg, and at 12 and 34 days for 2 mg/kg pups. The frequency of exploratory mode
      elements increased at days 10 and 12 for 6 mg/kg, days 12 and 20 for 2 mg/kg
      pups. MeHg increased activities in the attention mode on PN12 at both doses.
      Behavior patterns were altered on all days observed, but these were not dose
      related. PN12 was observed to be the beginning of patterning (56 possible
      interactions). The 6 mg/kg group demonstrated a delay of pattern development at
      PN12 with a recovery to an altered array of behaviors at PN20. MeHg generally
      decreased interaction values (Chi2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3835480
TI  - Effects of the high methylmercury dose used in the collaborative behavioral
      teratology study on brain anatomy.
AB  - Pregnant rats were injected with 0, 6 or 10 mg/kg of methylmercuric chloride on
      Days 6-9 of gestation. Dams given the 10 mg/kg dose failed to deliver young or
      produced stillborn. External morphology was normal for rats given either the 0 or
      6 mg/kg dose. Whole brains were examined from male and female rats, 21 or 90 days
      old. External brain dimensions were measured with calipers. Brains were sectioned
      at three criterion locations. A microprojector was used to project brain sections
      in order to measure intrastructural distances. Sections were examined with a
      light microscope to look for abnormalities. Various expected age-related changes
      were noted showing the sensitivity of the anatomical methods. Methylmercury
      produced hydrocephalus, decreased thickness of cerebral cortex in the parietal
      section and increased thickness of hippocampus in the occipital section. With
      these exceptions, the brains of mercury-treated rats showed normal development.

PMID- 3835481
TI  - Comparison of behavioral teratogenic effects of ethanol and n-propanol
      administered by inhalation to rats.
AB  - Despite extensive testing of ethanol, there has been little research on the
      reproductive effects of other alcohols. We investigated the behavioral
      teratogenicity of inhalation exposures to ethanol and n-propanol. Groups of 18
      male (approximately 450 g) and 15 pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were
      exposed 7 hours/day for six weeks or throughout gestation, respectively, to 16
      000, 10 000, or 0 ppm ethanol or to 7 000, 35 000, or 0 ppm n-propanol. Pregnant
      females exposed to 7 000 ppm n-propanol, but not to ethanol, showed reduced
      weight gain, and female offspring also had reduced weight gain through three
      weeks of age; there was also slight teratogenicity observed at this
      concentration. Exposed males were mated with unexposed females; fertility was
      reduced in males exposed to 7 000 ppm n-propanol (two viable litters from 17
      matings), but there were no differences from controls in maternal weight gain,
      feed intake, or water consumption in any other groups. In both maternally- and
      paternally-exposed groups, litters were culled to four pups of each sex and
      fostered to untreated females. One female and one male pup per litter were
      administered tests of neuromotor coordination (ascent on wire mesh screen,
      rotorod), activity levels (open field, running wheel), or learning ability
      (avoidance, operant conditioning), but no significant differences from controls
      were found with either alcohol, despite the reduction in maternal and female
      offspring body weight and minimal teratogenicity with 7 000 ppm n-propanol.
      Calculations for predicting blood ethanol levels with inhalation exposure are
      also presented.

PMID- 3835482
TI  - Postnatal effects of maternal exposure to nitrogen dioxide.
AB  - Pregnant albino rats were exposed to nitrogen dioxide in concentrations of 0.05,
      0.10, 1 and 10 mg/m3 for 6 hr each day throughout gestation. Postnatal viability,
      growth, physical maturation, neuromotor development, and biochemical parameters
      indicative of NO2 oxidizing effects were studied in progeny up to the age of 3
      months. It was found that although viability and physical development were little
      affected (only at 10 mg/m3), dose-dependent neurobehavioral deviations (such as
      disturbances in early neuromotor development, coordination deficits, retarded
      development of locomotion, reduced activity and reactivity) were induced by the
      lower exposures. The reduction in motor activity was found to persist into the
      postweaning period.

PMID- 3835483
TI  - The classification of headache.
AB  - The definition of headache syndromes in the past have lacked precision, not only
      because different terms have been used for the same condition, but also because
      there is no general agreement on the essential characteristics of each. Since
      even minor variations will produce marked differences in case series purporting
      to be of the same disorder, it is important to get general agreement and to
      improve on previous classifications of headache.

PMID- 3835484
TI  - A Markov model of the natural history of multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Prior research into multiple sclerosis prognosis has produced conflicting
      results. This paper presents an original approach in which the disease course is
      described by the movements of patients through well-defined disease states. A
      Markov model is proposed to describe these movements and to evaluate the effect
      of prognostic factors on transitions from state to state. The feasibility and
      applicability of this model is determined using data on the course of disease in
      278 diagnosed patients from Lyon. Patients with older age at onset, females, and
      those with monosymptomatic onset are found to be at a higher risk of transition
      to a worse disease state.

PMID- 3835485
TI  - [Family and economic situations and social needs of patients with multiple
      sclerosis among the population of Lodz].
AB  - The reported analysis covered patients aged 46 or less living in a large
      industrial city, not inmates of homes for the disabled, who had a history of at
      least 5 years of multiple sclerosis and who had been registered 5-6 years earlier
      during 1 year (from Oct 1 1973 to Sept 30 1974) in neurological outpatient
      clinics or neurological or neurosurgical inpatient institutions. About 1/5 of the
      patients required full nursing care or considerable nursing in the basic everyday
      activities, and another 2/5 patients regarded themselves as at least slightly
      dependent on the help of other persons in several basic activities. An
      overwhelming majority of patients were living with their families and received
      help only from their family members. At least 30% of these patients required help
      and interventions of civic workers in view of economic and living difficulties. A
      particularly troublesome shortcoming (and one which could be helped most easily)
      was lack of telephones in about 4/5 of cases. Most patients (83%) received
      disability pensions, and half of them (52%) had received it for at least 2 years.
      Among women there were more patients receiving this pension than among men, and
      the proportion of women taking this pension since 8 years or longer was also
      higher (F-54%, M-45%). These results confirm the current observation that the
      social needs of patients with multiple sclerosis are far from being adequately
      met, and they may serve as a basis for elaboration of programme of comprehensive
      care of this group of patients.

PMID- 3835486
TI  - [Evaluation of the secretory activity of the adrenal cortex and gonads in women
      with epilepsy. I. Urinary excretion of metabolites of adrenal cortex hormones in
      women with epilepsy during the 2 days preceding menstrual bleeding].
AB  - In 32 women with seizures occurring mainly in the premenstrual phase and during
      bleeding, (group A) and in 31 women with epilepsy without this relationship of
      the seizures to the menstrual cycle (group B) the metabolites of adrenocortical
      hormones (17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids) were determined in 24
      hour urine. The investigations were done during 2 days preceding menstrual
      bleeding, in most cases during three menstrual cycles. A significant reduction of
      the excretion of 17-ketosteroids and total 17-hydroxycorticosteroids was found in
      both groups as compared to the accepted normal value (p less than 0.01). However,
      no significant difference was observed in the excretion of these hormones between
      these groups of patients, although in group A he values of 17-ketosteroids were
      lower than in group B. On the basis of these results it is suggested that
      deficiency of androgenic hormones may contribute to the occurrence of seizures on
      the days before the onset of menstrual bleeding, and the effect of anticonvulsant
      treatment on the decreased excretion of these hormones is discussed.

PMID- 3835487
TI  - [Evaluation of the secretory activity of the adrenal cortex and gonads in women
      with epilepsy. II. Urinary excretion of estrogen fractions and alpha and beta
      pregnanediol during the 2 days preceding menstrual bleeding].
AB  - In 32 women with epileptic seizures related in time to the premenstrual phase
      (group A) and 31 women with seizures unrelated to this phase (group B) oestrone
      oestradiol and oestriol and progesterone metabolites (alpha and beta
      pregnanediol) were determined in 24-hour urine. The investigations were carried
      out during 2 days preceding the onset of menstrual bleeding usually during three
      successive cycles. A significant reduction was observed in the amounts of all
      three oestrogen fractions in relation to normal values on both days (without any
      significant difference between the groups). Women with epilepsy excreted 56-60%
      less oestrogens than healthy women. Similarly the levels of alpha and beta
      pregnanediol were significantly below the accepted normal range. The obtained
      results are insufficient for accepting the role of oestrogens in the development
      of lowered convulsive threshold on the days preceding menstrual bleeding. On the
      other hand, it may be concluded that progesterone deficiency may have an effect
      on the appearance of greater readiness to seizures before menstruation in
      epileptic women.

PMID- 3835488
TI  - [Treatment of Horton's headache with testosterone].
AB  - The studied material comprised 15 men with 12 of them having the episodic from of
      Horton's headaches and 3 with chronic form. In the episodic form the age of the
      patients was from 32 to 48 years, mean age 38. The history of the disease was
      from 6 to 12 years, the duration of a spell of headaches was 2-3 months and the
      patients had then 2-5 attacks of pain daily. Before the onset of treatment the
      patients were not given for 1 week any drugs or placebo. After determination of
      the index of attacks treatment was begun. For 7-10 days the patients received
      daily intramuscular testosterone propionate 25 mg, and then 10 mg for a similar
      time period. Before the treatment the index of attacks was 3.66 (with the total
      number of attacks 308). In the first week of treatment it decreased to 1.11 (94
      attacks), in the second week it was 0.16 and in the third week 0.05. In 10
      patients the attacks disappeared completely (83%), in the remaining 2 ones they
      regressed in a later time. Three patients with the chronic form received this
      treatment without effect.

PMID- 3835489
TI  - [Aneurysms of the pericallosal artery and its branches].
AB  - A group of 33 patients with 34 aneurysms of the pericallosal artery and its
      branches are reported. They were treated in the Department of Neurosurgery,
      Medical Academy in Warsaw in the years 1965-1981. In 4 patients coexistence of
      other cerebral vascular anomalies (aneurysms of other location and/or angiomas)
      was demonstrated. The group comprised 21 men and 12 women aged from 7 to 60
      years. Nine patients were not operated on, 8 of them died due to haemorrhagic
      brain damage and one gave no consent to operation. Out of surgically treated 24
      patients in 3 cases the common carotid artery was ligated in 4 cases the wall of
      the aneurysm was reinforced with plastic mass, and in 17 cases the neck of the
      aneurysm was closed with a clip. In the clinical group I (Botterell's scale) 7
      patients were treated surgically, in group II - 5, in group III - 9 and in group
      IV - 3. The immediate operative mortality was 8.5% (2 patients). One patient died
      2 months after the operation from other disease. Deterioration of the
      neurological status occurred in 33% of cases (8 patients). Late result of the
      treatment was known in 16 cases with a mean follow-up of 4 years. Six patients
      returned to work, five resumed work with restrictions, and five other could not
      work and required care. The results of surgical treatment depended, in the first
      place, on the clinical state of the patient and the surgical risk was not greater
      than in cases of aneurysms of other location.

PMID- 3835490
TI  - [Post-traumatic disorders of cerebrovascular circulation].

PMID- 3835491
TI  - [Myoclonic cerebellar dyssynergia (Ramsay Hunt). Description of 2 cases].
AB  - The authors report two cases of dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica in siblings.
      Apart from typical clinical manifestations attention is called to the results of
      computerized tomography of the brain which demonstrated cerebellar atrophy. This
      helped in verification of the diagnosis. Comparing these cases with other ones
      described earlier in the literature the authors conclude that dyssynergia
      cerebellaris myoclonica is not a separate nosological entity but a syndrome
      associated with myoclonia.

PMID- 3835492
TI  - [Distal myopathy].
AB  - A family with distal myopathy with early onset of the disease and autosomal
      dominant inheritance is reported. In EMG examination and in the histological
      examination of muscle features of nervous system involvement were found besides
      primarily muscular lesions. The character of the pathological changes in the
      muscles is discussed.

PMID- 3835494
TI  - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity and plasma 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol
      levels during the menstrual cycle.
AB  - The influence of endocrine factors on monoamine oxidase activity (MAO) and on
      noradrenaline metabolism has been evaluated by measuring platelet MAO activity
      and plasma levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol (DOPEG), the major
      deaminated metabolite of noradrenaline, as well as serum levels of steroid
      hormones weekly in 9 young healthy women during one menstrual cycle. A decrease
      in platelet MAO activity (correlated with high serum estradiol levels) was
      observed during the ovulatory period. In contrast, plasma free or sulfoconjugated
      DOPEG remained unchanged throughout the menstrual cycle. These results indicate
      that the hormonal status should be taken into consideration in studies dealing
      with platelet MAO activity in depressed women.

PMID- 3835493
TI  - [A case of migraine associated with paralysis of the hypoglossal nerve].
AB  - The authors report a 52-year-old woman with migraine in whom transient
      hypoglossal nerve paralysis developed during an attack. Similar cases published
      in the literature, including those of Rushton et al. 1978 and Domzal et al. 1982
      are analysed.

PMID- 3835495
TI  - Psychopathology and narcolepsy.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients with narcolepsy are compared to a sex- and age-matched
      control population with regard to the frequency of psychiatric symptoms. The
      occurrence of psychiatric syndromes in narcolepsy patients is also examined. The
      frequency of psychiatric illness in patients with cataplexy or
      hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations is evaluated as well. Analysis with the
      Mann-Whitney test found a significant association between narcolepsy and the
      symptoms of schizophrenia. Premorbid history of organic brain disease was
      associated with mental illness, but was nonspecific for psychopathology.

PMID- 3835496
TI  - Scopolamine and the sensory conditioning of hallucinations.
AB  - By means of a sensory conditioning procedure, auditory 'hallucinations' were
      produced in a set of subjects by pairing a light and a tone. The effect of two
      doses of scopolamine on the occurrence of these hallucinations was investigated,
      and the results showed that they were more likely to occur after scopolamine than
      when subjects had received a placebo. This change was attributed to the
      impairment of information processing induced by scopolamine.

PMID- 3835497
TI  - Quantitative EEG and neuropsychological effects of piracetam and of the
      association piracetam-lecithin in healthy volunteers.
AB  - The electroencephalographic (EEG) and neuropsychological effects of single, oral
      doses or piracetam (800-6,400 mg) and of its association with lecithin (4,800 mg
      and 25 g, respectively) were investigated in two groups of healthy volunteers in
      placebo-controlled studies. The EEG was quantified by power spectral analysis;
      both parametric and nonparametric procedures were applied to process the EEG and
      neuropsychological data statistically. The drug plasma concentration was assessed
      (gas chromatography) in concomitance with the EEG and neuropsychological
      measurements. Piracetam was found to elicit systematic EEG effects, namely a
      decrease in the low-frequency components and an increase in the power of the 8.5-
      to 12.0-Hz and of the fast-frequency components. The EEG modifications were
      restricted to the anterior scalp areas; its detection by means of parametric
      statistics was conditioned by the relevant individual variability and was
      inferred resting upon a number of criteria (indication at nonparametric tests,
      topography, consistency across subjects, replicability, etc). The correlation
      between EEG changes and drug plasma concentration was ambiguous, and the compound
      was not found to be effective on any of the neuropsychological variables
      considered. The study exemplifies some of the methodological problems in
      quantitative pharmaco-EEG and emphasizes the relevance of topography and
      replication.

PMID- 3835498
TI  - Glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactivity in the intermediate grey layer of the
      superior colliculus in the cat.
AB  - Recent evidence suggests that gamma-aminobutyrate has a profound influence on the
      activity of premotor neurons in the intermediate grey layer of the superior
      colliculus. In the present study an antibody to glutamate decarboxylase, the
      synthesizing enzyme for gamma-aminobutyrate, was used to identify and
      characterize the structures in the intermediate grey layer of the cat that use
      gamma-aminobutyrate as a transmitter. The material was examined with both the
      light and electron microscope. Glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactivity was
      confined, for the most part, to axon terminals. Glutamate decarboxylase positive
      terminals almost completely cover the soma and proximal dendrites of the large
      neurons that are characteristic of this layer. Other glutamate decarboxylase
      positive terminals contact smaller, presumably more distal dendrites. By
      combining the glutamate decarboxylase immunocytochemistry with the retrograde
      transport of horseradish peroxidase in single animals, it was demonstrated that
      the cells of origin of the major descending efferent pathway from the
      intermediate grey layer, the predorsal bundle, are heavily contacted by glutamate
      decarboxylase immunoreactive terminals.

PMID- 3835499
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of tubulin and the high molecular weight
      microtubule-associated protein 2 in Purkinje cell dendrites deprived of climbing
      fibers.
AB  - The modifications in the localization of tubulin and the high molecular weight
      microtubule-associated protein 2 were studied in the cerebellum after partial
      denervation. Both proteins were localized in 40 micron sections using monoclonal
      antibodies against beta-tubulin (clones Tu9B and Tu12) or microtubule-associated
      protein 2 (clones AP9 and AP13), and polyclonal antisera against alpha- and beta
      tubulin or microtubule-associated protein 2, visualized with the immunoperoxidase
      method of Sternberger [Sternberger (1979) Immunocytochemistry; Sternberger and
      Sternberger (1983) Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80 6126-6130] or a biotin-avidin
      system. The destruction of the inferior olive was performed in adult male rats by
      electrocoagulation or by intraperitoneal administration of 3-acetylpyridine. One
      day after chemical destruction of the inferior olive, anti-microtubule-associated
      protein 2 staining with either of the monoclonal antibodies or with the
      polyclonal antiserum was almost identical to that observed in the cerebellum of
      non-denervated animals. Specific staining was intense in the cell somata and
      dendrites and absent in myelinated tracts and in parallel fibers. However, 3 days
      after the lesion anti-microtubule-associated protein 2 staining showed a clear
      decrease, both in the proximal and the distal portions of thick secondary and
      tertiary dendritic trunks of the Purkinje cell. The intensity of the staining was
      also considerably reduced in the fine dendritic ramifications. By 8 days post
      lesion, microtubule-associated protein 2 immunoreactivity began to increase, but
      only in the portions of the dendrites deprived of the climbing fibre; on the
      contrary, low immunoreactivity was found in the fine dendritic ramifications
      which are contacted by normal parallel fibers; microtubule-associated protein 2
      immunoreactivity increased considerably by 11 days post-lesion, giving a pattern
      quite similar to that of non-denervated Purkinje cells. The alterations in
      microtubule-associated protein 2 immunoreactivity were also accompanied by a
      dramatic decrease in the immunostaining for tubulin, beginning on day-3 post
      lesion and lasting until day-15 post-lesion. These changes were observed with
      either the monoclonal antibodies against beta-tubulin or with the polyclonal
      antiserum against alpha- and beta-tubulin. The changes in both molecules were
      also observed in animals in which the inferior olive was destroyed by
      electrocoagulation, ruling out the possibility of a direct action of 3
      acetylpyridine on dendritic microtubular proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3835500
TI  - Trophic interactions between the cochleovestibular ganglion of the chick embryo
      and its synaptic targets in culture.
AB  - The effect of the availability of synaptic targets on neuronal survival was
      tested by explanting the cochleovestibular ganglion from embryonic day 3-1/2
      chick embryos and maintaining it in the presence or absence of appropriate
      synaptic target tissues for 14 days in culture. The targets were the inner ear,
      peripherally, and the myelencephalon, centrally. Light and electron microscopic
      observations showed that the ganglion cells in the explants with targets present
      had generally achieved a degree of differentiation comparable to that of their
      counterparts in embryonic day 14 embryos. The variety of cell types seen in the
      normal embryonic day 14 ganglia was also evident in vitro. In ganglia explanted
      without peripheral or central targets, few neurons survived. Ganglia explanted
      with either peripheral or central target intact showed considerably better
      survival than those explanted without any target. Ganglia explanted with only the
      peripheral target (the inner ear) survived equally as well as those with both
      central and peripheral targets. Ganglia cultured with the central target
      (myelencephalon) did not survive as well as those with peripheral targets. The
      effect of the peripheral target on the ganglion was less clear-cut when ganglia
      were first dissected from their targets and then recombined in culture. However,
      the results of such experiments in which nerve fascicles were traced in serial
      sections from ganglia to target areas, suggest that the actual innervation of
      target cells, as well as proximity of ganglia to target tissues, could influence
      neuronal survival. Establishment of innervation appeared to be selective, in that
      the closest available target area was not always the one contacted by the
      ganglionic fibers. The present findings are consistent with a role of neuron
      target cell interactions in supporting neuronal survival in the cochleovestibular
      ganglion of the chick embryo. Both the central and the peripheral targets are
      implicated in trophic interactions with the sensory neurons.

PMID- 3835501
TI  - Parasympathetic neurotrophic activity in the rat iris: determination after
      different denervations.
AB  - The iris of the adult rat contains one or several neurotrophic factors that
      enhance the survival of dissociated parasympathetic neurons (from the embryonic
      chick ciliary ganglion) in culture. To assay survival activity, iris homogenates
      were serially diluted with culture medium and the percentage of neurons surviving
      for 2 days in a collagen matrix in culture determined. The extract induced
      survival curves that were similar for denervated and normal irides. Similarly no
      differences in fibre outgrowth from cultured whole ciliary ganglia were found.
      The results suggest that the apparent level of parasympathetic growth factor(s)
      is not under strict control of the innervation of the iris.

PMID- 3835502
TI  - Simultaneous monitoring of dopamine release in rat frontal cortex, nucleus
      accumbens and striatum: effect of drugs, circadian changes and correlations with
      motor activity.
AB  - Changes in homovanillic acid concentration, recorded in vivo by voltammetry with
      carbon-paste electrodes, were used as an index of dopamine release. With
      electrodes implanted in frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and striatum, the
      pattern of dopamine release was monitored simultaneously in the three brain
      regions together with the rats' motor activity. Changes in response to the
      systemic administration of dopamine-receptor agonists and antagonists were used
      as an index of feedback control of dopamine release. The relationships between
      dopamine release and motor activity, as well as that between dopamine release in
      the different brain regions, were investigated by calculating correlation
      coefficients for data collected over 24-h periods. The results show that dopamine
      release in frontal cortex is subject to little feedback regulation, that there is
      no nocturnal increase and no correlation with motor activity. Dopamine release in
      accumbens and striatum follows a very different pattern. There was a high
      correlation between dopamine release in these two regions on both sides of the
      brain; the correlation between the accumbens and the ipsilateral striatum was the
      highest. Dopamine release in both regions shows evidence of considerable feedback
      regulation, a nocturnal increase and a high correlation with motor activity. The
      importance of the accumbens in relation to the level of motor activity is
      supported by the finding that the correlation coefficient between motor activity
      and dopamine release in this structure was significantly higher than that between
      activity and release in the striatum.

PMID- 3835503
TI  - Morphology of synapses formed by cholecystokinin-immunoreactive axon terminals in
      regio superior of rat hippocampus.
AB  - Immunocytochemical and electron microscopic methods were used to examine neurons
      in regio superior of rat hippocampus displaying cholecystokinin octapeptide-like
      immunoreactivity. Cholecystokinin-immunoreactive synaptic terminals and somata
      are found in all layers of regio superior but are most numerous in stratum
      pyramidale. The vast majority of terminals form symmetric synaptic contacts onto
      the somata and proximal dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal cells and onto smaller
      dendrites which may also arise from pyramidal cells. A very small number of
      cholecystokinin-immunoreactive terminals form synapses that appear asymmetric and
      contact dendritic shafts or spines. The somata of some pyramidal cells receive
      symmetric synapses from cholecystokinin-immunoreactive terminals that are joined
      by cytoplasmic bridges to form parts of pericellular baskets. These and adjacent
      pyramidal cell somata are also contacted by terminals that are not immunoreactive
      for cholecystokinin. No cholecystokinin-positive terminals contacted the initial
      segments of pyramidal cell axons. Cholecystokinin-immunoreactive cells are found
      in all layers of regio superior. Their somata receive a few symmetric synapses,
      most of which are formed by terminals not immunoreactive for cholecystokinin.
      Their dendrites receive a greater number of both symmetric and asymmetric
      contacts, some of which are immunoreactive for cholecystokinin. We conclude the
      following: The localization of cholecystokinin immunoreactivity in synaptic
      terminals contacting the somata and dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal cells is
      consistent with the suggestion that cholecystokinin acts as a neurotransmitter at
      these sites and at sites in other parts of the cerebral cortex. Results from the
      present and previous studies suggest that cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity
      may co-exist with gamma-aminobutyrate in some non-pyramidal neurons of regio
      superior. Cholecystokinin-immunoreactive terminals arise mainly from non
      pyramidal cells intrinsic to the hippocampus, one class of which appears to be a
      type of basket cell.

PMID- 3835504
TI  - The synthesis of primitive 'living' forms: definitions, goals, strategies and
      evolution synthesizers.
AB  - The arbitrariness of the definition of life is discussed in relation to both the
      archaic biological entities that preceded cells during the Molecular Evolution
      era, and the hypothetical, primitive, 'living' entities that presumably can be
      synthesized in the laboratory. Several experimental approaches to the synthesis,
      detection, and characterization of 'living' entities are discussed. The
      experimental approaches considered for the synthesis are the constructionist
      strategy, the whole-environment strategy, and the modular strategy, which is a
      combination of the first two. The whole-environment strategy is discussed in more
      detail and the establishment of an Evolution Synthesizer, based on this strategy,
      is proposed and rationalized. The guidelines for the detection and
      characterization of populations and processes of 'living' entities include
      chemical and physical analyses, but are based mainly on the reproductive
      characterization of these entities. It is expected that the higher the
      evolutionary level of the 'living' entities, the longer and more difficult it
      will be to synthesize them, but the easier it will be to detect them.

PMID- 3835505
TI  - Chirally selective, intramolecular interaction observed in an aminoacyl adenylate
      anhydride.
AB  - All earthly creatures use only L-amino acids in template directed protein
      synthesis. The reason for this exclusive use of the L-isomer is not yet apparent,
      although recent experiments by Usher and his colleagues have shown some
      stereoselectivity in the aminoacylation of di- and polynucleotides. We have
      separately reported on intramolecular interactions between hydrophobic amino acid
      side chains and the adenine ring in aminoacyl adenylates. There was a
      preferential association of Phe greater than Leu = Ile greater than Val with the
      adenine in these studies, but we made no attempts to address the question of D, L
      selectivity. Recently, in 1H NMR studies of N-acetylphenylalanyl adenylate
      anhydride, we noticed evidence that both D- and L-isomers of the amino acid were
      present and, furthermore, that one isomer seemed to be associating with the
      adenine ring more strongly than the other. Using HPLC, we have separated the two
      diastereoisomers and have enzymatically determined that the isomer which
      associates more strongly is the biologically important one, the L-isomer. We
      present those studies here and discuss the evolutionary significance of this
      finding.

PMID- 3835506
TI  - Conservation of the secondary structure of protein during evolution and the role
      of the genetic code.
AB  - In this communication we demonstrate, in a group of modern proteins, following an
      algorithm described by Argyle (1980), that the ordination of the amino acids in
      terms of the most frequent substitutions agrees with the conservation of the
      alpha-helix, beta-sheet, and beta-turn formation tendencies during evolution. The
      same correspondence has been demonstrated for the conservation of the physico
      chemical properties in the amino acid substitutions. Both parameters are similar
      in showing higher correlation with the most frequent amino acid substitutions
      than with the feasibility of changes at the level of the respective codons. Some
      kind of restrictions for the expression of the genomic changes, due to the
      conservation of the secondary structure of proteins and/or the physicochemical
      properties of the substituted amino acids, could account for the differences
      found between the distribution of the amino acid substitutions and the most
      probable codon changes.

PMID- 3835508
TI  - [Histopathological pictures of sections of the cervix uteri in Papanicolau
      cytograms III, IV and V].

PMID- 3835507
TI  - [Cytological study of bile sediment and brush smears from the biliary tract
      obtained by percutaneous and transhepatic routes in patients with mechanical
      jaundice. Preliminary report].

PMID- 3835509
TI  - [Morphological picture of the ovary in endometrioid carcinoma of the
      contralateral gonad].

PMID- 3835510
TI  - [Clinical and morphological evaluation of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the
      breast].

PMID- 3835511
TI  - [Reversible disorders of spontaneous adherence of alveolar macrophages isolated
      from the lungs of guinea pigs exposed to cigarette smoke].

PMID- 3835512
TI  - [Evaluation of morphological changes in the lungs caused by air blast shock
      waves. I. Experimental studies in rabbits].

PMID- 3835513
TI  - [Evaluation of morphological changes in the lungs caused by air blast shock
      waves. II. Model studies of the pathomechanism of traumatic changes in the lungs
      (hypothesis)].

PMID- 3835514
TI  - [Histological characteristics of stress-induced myopathy of the musculus
      longissimus dorsi in swine].

PMID- 3835515
TI  - [Collagen in methylcholanthrene-induced rat sarcoma].

PMID- 3835516
TI  - [Pediatric surgery before the year 2000].

PMID- 3835517
TI  - [Problem of splenic injuries in children: splenectomy and the possibilities of
      avoiding it].

PMID- 3835518
TI  - [Causes of death in children with burns].

PMID- 3835519
TI  - [Serum protein disorders in acute and chronic osteomyelitis and the role of
      protein therapy in their correction].

PMID- 3835520
TI  - [Criteria of treating children with cleft palate].

PMID- 3835521
TI  - [A case of congenital fetal myodystrophy].

PMID- 3835522
TI  - [Congenital fibrous defect of bone tissue in a newborn infant].

PMID- 3835523
TI  - [Open injuries of the upper extremity--surgical treatment].

PMID- 3835524
TI  - [Diagnosis and preoperative management of congenital esophageal atresia].

PMID- 3835525
TI  - [Various aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of urinary calculi in
      children].

PMID- 3835526
TI  - [Electrocardiographic recording from circumferential right-ventricular leads in
      infants].

PMID- 3835527
TI  - [Serum lysozyme activity in newborn infants with infection].

PMID- 3835528
TI  - [Persistence of Staphylococcus aureus in the pharynx of children with chronic
      tonsillitis treated with autovaccine].

PMID- 3835529
TI  - [Ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and transferrin levels in bronchial secretions in
      children with chronic diseases of the respiratory tract].

PMID- 3835530
TI  - [Urinary excretion of catecholamines, 17-ketosteroids and 17
      hydroxycorticosteroids in children exposed to the toxic effects of cadmium and
      lead in selected areas of Katowice province].

PMID- 3835532
TI  - [The patterns of body weight changes and their prognosis in overweight
      schoolchildren].

PMID- 3835531
TI  - [Triglyceride, free fatty acid, lipid and cholesterol levels in the serum of
      infants with nutrition disorders after stimulation with glucagon].

PMID- 3835533
TI  - [Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome].

PMID- 3835534
TI  - [Nettleship's disease in a 6-month-old girl].

PMID- 3835535
TI  - [A case of double outlet of the main arterial trunks from the left ventricle
      complicated by thrombotic changes].

PMID- 3835536
TI  - [Opsomyoclonus syndrome in children. A new case. Review of the literature (110
      cases)].
AB  - The authors report a new case of infantile myoclonic encephalopathy with
      opsoclonus and neuroblastoma in a 14 months-old infant. Some immunologic
      abnormalities were found at the initial course of the disease. The review of 110
      cases of "dancing-eyes syndrome" permit them to specify clinical features and
      prognosis but cannot explain the pathogenesis of this rare disease.

PMID- 3835537
TI  - [Prolactin adenoma in a 14-year-old boy].
AB  - Prolactin dosage in delayed growth and puberty leads to the diagnosis of
      pituitary prolactinoma in a 14 years old boy. Adenoma's size, visual disturbance
      leads us to elect surgical treatment but persistent hyperprolactinemia after
      surgery requires medical treatment with bromocriptine.

PMID- 3835538
TI  - [Fulminating pneumococcal septicemia in children].
AB  - Three cases of fulminating pneumococcal septicemia are reported in children aged
      respectively 3 months, 21 months and 6 years 1 month. The third patient only have
      been previously splenectomized for traumatic rupture of the spleen. This patient
      recovered when the two others with an expected normal spleen died quickly. The
      fulminating pneumococcal septicemia is characterized by the association of severe
      infection state, collapse and hemorrhagic syndrome with often gastric bleeding.
      Fatal outcome is observed in 50 to 70% of cases. Most cases occur in asplenic
      patients that can be explained by the role of the spleen in the infectious
      defense. This can be prevented by vaccination or penicillin but failure has been
      observed with both methods. Normal spleen, as observed in two of our patients
      seems to be rare. Functional hyposplenism might explain such facts.

PMID- 3835539
TI  - [Postmeningococcal pericarditis in children. A case favoring an immunoallergic
      process].
AB  - A case of pericarditis following meningococcal meningitis in a 19 month old boy
      is presented. First clinical signs were noted after 5 days of antibiotherapy
      (Cefotaxime); at that time the meningitis was cured and the bacteriologic studies
      yielded negative results. Complete clinical recovery was obtained within 24 hours
      of treatment with prednisone (2 mg/kg), antibiotherapy being stopped 4 days
      earlier. The pathogenesis of post meningococcal pericarditis is discussed based
      on the data from the literature. This observation adds support to an immuno
      allergic origin of this pericarditis.

PMID- 3835540
TI  - [What is your diagnosis? Geophagia complicated by Toxocara canis infection].

PMID- 3835541
TI  - [Percutaneous approach to the internal jugular and subclavian veins in pediatric
      emergencies].

PMID- 3835542
TI  - Traumatic reticulitis, the comet naso-reticular instrument for withdrawal of
      foreign bodies from the reticulum of cattle.
AB  - A new idea of a long-acting magnetic probe is presented and tested. The magnetic
      probe has been designed to remain for a period of time in the reticulum before it
      is retracted with the foreign bodies adhering to it. The instrument is fixed by a
      wire passing through the nose, pharynx and oesophagus. No adverse effects on the
      animal have been observed, and the animal can eat during the treatment. The
      examination showed that the instrument attracted nearly all the free foreign
      bodies and the superficially penetrating bodies, resulting in therapeutically
      good results in 50-55 per cent of the cases examined. The instrument has proved
      to be capable of attracting as many as 21 foreign bodies at the same time. As a
      preventive tool, it may be recommended to be used 2-3 times a year. Or it may be
      used for emptying the reticulum of foreign bodies prior to the application of a
      permanent magnet.

PMID- 3835543
TI  - A study of tail tip necrosis in young fattening bulls on slatted floors.
AB  - A questionnaire sent to 78 producers revealed that tail tip necrosis was seen
      only in units with fattening bulls housed on slatted floors. Out of 43 such
      units, 20 (46.5 per cent) reported that tail tip necrosis was a herd problem. All
      43 herds were visited, owners were interviewed and housing and management data
      recorded. It is concluded that tail tip necrosis is a multifactorial disease. The
      initial lesion is caused by tramping, but the following factors are essential in
      the development and severity of the disease, i) slatted concrete floors, ii)
      close confinement, iii) hot season and iv) body weight above 200 kg. The stocking
      density (expressed as kg bodyweight per square meter pen) was significantly
      higher in problem herds (210 kg/m2) than in control herds (165 kg/m2). There was
      a close relationship between high environmental temperature and tail tip
      necroses. The majority of incidents occurred during the warm season (May through
      September), very few cases were seen during the colder months. The general
      morbidity and mortality rates were significantly higher in problem herds than in
      control herds. Microbiology of affected tails revealed mixed infections in most
      cases, with Corynebacterium pyogenes and Bacteroides melaninogenicus as the most
      frequently isolated organisms. Principles of treatment and prevention are
      discussed. There is evidence to assume that a 10-20 per cent reduction in
      stocking density could be an efficient prophylactic measure.

PMID- 3835544
TI  - Two cases of male pseudohermaphroditism in the dog. Clinical, macroscopic,
      karyotypic and therapeutic features.
AB  - Two cases of male pseudohermaphroditism in the dog are described, including
      clinical, macroscopic, microscopic, karyotypic and therapeutic features. The
      external appearance of both dogs was that of an otherwise normal bilateral
      cryptorchid. Both dogs developed signs of male feminizing syndrome at 7 and 5
      years of age respectively. This prompted exploratory laparotomy, disclosing an
      uterus, testes at the ovarian sites and Sertoli cell tumours. It is emphasized to
      include malformations of the genital apparatus in the differential diagnosis of
      canine urological and endocrine disease.

PMID- 3835545
TI  - [Effect of the methods of preparing aqueous extracts on the amount of soluble
      compounds in fascial prostheses].
AB  - Methods of testing products made of plastics in medicine do not take into account
      chemico-toxicological evaluation of biomaterials made of fibres or of foam
      plastics. According to the project of the monograph Compendium Medicamentorum
      COMECON, water extracts should be used, where the is proportion would be
      maintained: 30 g of biomaterial in 100 cm3 of water. The proportion, in case of
      products with well-developed surface, does not ensure that the material is wholly
      immersed in fluid. Therefore studies were made on the use of lower concentration
      of the material in water, with on the other hand, extraction time being
      prolonged. Summing up, the authors suggest, with regard to grafts, use of the
      following conditions of water extraction: temperature 120 degrees C, duration 60
      min. proportion of the studied material in the amount of distilled water 1:10.

PMID- 3835546
TI  - [Studies of the possibility of repeated use of capillary dialyzers. I. Renovation
      method and the evaluation of biological reactivity].
AB  - A method devised by the authors of renovation of capillary dialyzers, after
      rinsing the blood and the liquid systems of the dialyzers is discussed. After
      rising the blood and the liquid systems of the dialyzers by water at 2 atm.-
      water being conditioned by the apparatus for reverse osmosis--in the liquid
      system overpressure of 2 atm was produced by water, the by 0.5% solution of
      sodium hypochlorite. After 2-3 minutes sodium hypochlorite was rinsed out and
      both systems were filled in by 1-2% formaldehyde solution. Immediately before
      using the dialyzer in the same patient the fluid system was rinsed with
      conditioned water, and the blood system with 21 of sterile distilled water and
      with 41 of 0.9% NaCl solution. In order to facilitate the renovation process a
      semi-automatic apparatus was designed, which makes it possible to renovate two
      dialyzers at once. This method makes it possible to use 80% capillary dialyzers
      four times with lateral input of the blood system, and four times 100% ones with
      central input. Experiments on animals and clinical observations and
      bacteriological studies shoved that the renovation process was atoxic, apyrogenic
      and sterile. No damage of capillaries and no reactions in subsequent use in
      patients under dialysis were observed.

PMID- 3835547
TI  - [Biological studies of Gore-Tex vascular prostheses].
AB  - In 1981 we received the Gore-Tex PTFE vascular prostheses, 12 mm in diameter, in
      order to test their value. Experimental studies were carried out on 6 piglets, in
      which 5 cm long sections of the prostheses under study were grafted into surgical
      defects of the thoracic aorta. The dissections were made 1, 3, 6 months after
      grafting, each time detailed pathomorphological studies were carried out. The
      results show that PTFE prostheses, grafted into a piglet thoracic aorta was
      surrounded by fibrinous connective tissue. The tissue on the outside of the
      prostheses differs in histological structure from that inside. After 6 months it
      was found that the prosthesis has inside a thin layer of fibrinous connective
      tissue, connected to the prostheses wall; the layer did not constrict the
      internal diameter. The Gore-Tex prostheses fulfill biological requirements on
      vascular prostheses after their grafting into operational defects of the aorta.

PMID- 3835548
TI  - [Experimental studies of vascular prostheses made of plastics with antibacterial
      properties].
AB  - Bilaterally velour, polyester vascular prostheses were soaked with antibiotics:
      vibramicin, gentamicin and riphamicin. To obtain more stable binding of the
      prostheses with the antibiotics, physico-chemical modification of its surface was
      made. The prostheses retained their bacteriocidal properties even after 120 hours
      of being in the arterial system of a dog. Experiments of animals show the
      prostheses are effective in fighting back experimental infection.

PMID- 3835549
TI  - Congenital hypernephronic nephromegaly with tubular dysgenesis: a distinctive
      inherited renal anomaly.
AB  - This paper describes a distinct, apparently inherited renal disorder we call
      congenital hypernephronic nephromegaly with tubular dysgenesis. The disorder is
      characterized by oligohydramnios, the Potter phenotype, and enlarged
      nonfunctional kidneys. Light microscopy demonstrates increased numbers of
      glomeruli, undifferentiated tubules, and interstitial fibrosis. Microdissection
      reveals short, immature nephrons that lack proximal convolutions, and abnormal
      vascularization of the glomerulus. Morphometric analysis demonstrates increased
      glomerular mass, primarily in the region of the corticomedullary junction,
      increased interstitial mass, and decreased tubular mass. The parameters that
      define this anomaly are presented, and the possible mechanisms of pathogenesis
      are discussed in relation to pathologic observations and current concepts
      concerning renal embryogenesis and differentiation. The recurrence of this
      anomaly in the male children of a consanguineous couple suggests an X-linked
      recessive mode of inheritance, although an autosomal-recessive mode of
      inheritance cannot be ruled out. This condition indicates that not all cases of
      the Potter phenotype can be considered to be sporadic.

PMID- 3835550
TI  - Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly in Kawasaki disease.
AB  - Pathologic studies of the liver were performed on 30 autopsied cases of Kawasaki
      disease. The cases were classified into four groups (stages I-IV), and stage IV
      was further divided into two subgroups according to the duration of the illness
      at the time of death. Liver weights were markedly increased in stage II (12-25
      days) and in stage III (28-36 days) but returned to normal in stage IVb (7 months
      to 6 years). Likewise, spleen weights were also markedly increased in stages II
      and III. Stage I (0-9 days) and stage II were characterized by acute inflammation
      in portal area, and degree of inflammatory changes decreased gradually. There was
      significant correlation between hepatomegaly and the degree of inflammation in
      portal areas, but not with definite heart failure or the use of drugs. These data
      suggest that the pathogenesis of hepatomegaly in acute-stage Kawasaki disease
      involves the inflammation in portal areas and/or latent heart failure.

PMID- 3835551
TI  - Morphologic grading of hepatic mitochondrial alteration in Reye's syndrome:
      potential prognostic implication.
AB  - Mitochondrial alterations are known to be constantly associated with Reye's
      syndrome. Fifty-eight liver specimens from 50 patients who fulfilled the clinical
      and pathologic criteria were examined by electron microscopy. The degree of
      mitochondrial injury was graded I, II, and III according to the severity of the
      alteration of mitochondrial matrix. The results correlated well with clinical
      parameters--specifically initial clinical stage, peak clinical stage, and
      clinical outcome. Electron microscopic examination of hepatic mitochondria is
      therefore potentially useful in evaluating Reye's syndrome patients.

PMID- 3835552
TI  - Juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the infant testis: case report with
      ultrastructural observations.
AB  - This report describes the light-microscopic and ultrastructural features of a
      juvenile granulosa cell tumor of infant testis. Microscopic examination revealed
      a macrofollicular patterns simulating the preovulatory Graafian follicle and the
      juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. Ultrastructure confirmed three cell
      types: granulosa, theca interna, and externa, with occasional luteinized cells
      lacking crystalloids of Reinke. Charcot-Bottcher crystalloids were not detected,
      though rare cells contained a complex arrangement of filaments. An
      ultrastructural comparison was carried out with infant testes (2 cases),
      preovulatory Graafian follicle (1 case), juvenile granulosa cell tumor of ovary,
      adult granulosa cell tumor of ovary, and adult Sertoli cell tumor of testis and
      ovary. Ultrastructural similarities were noted between the present case and
      primitive Sertoli cells, preovulatory granulosa cells, and juvenile granulosa
      cell tumor of ovary. This may reflect the common histogenesis of
      Sertoli/granulosa cells from the common specialized gonadal stroma.

PMID- 3835553
TI  - Congenital posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus: report of a case.
AB  - A newborn infant with hydrocephalus was found to have residua of subependymal
      intraventricular hemorrhage and associated obliterative arachnoiditis. This
      process is well known in the postnatal period but not as an in utero event. The
      present article documents antenatal intraventricular hemorrhage as a cause of
      hydrocephalus.

PMID- 3835554
TI  - Time course of the intrahepatic lesion of extrahepatic biliary atresia: a
      morphometric study.
AB  - The time course of the intrahepatic lesions of untreated extrahepatic biliary
      atresia was evaluated by morphometric analysis of 49 specimens from 27 patients.
      The data show an early phase of rapid bile ductular proliferation, with peak in
      this material at 205 days, followed by rapid duct regression to approximately 400
      days, and slower progressive intrahepatic duct loss thereafter. The ratio of
      ducts to connective tissue in portal tracts follows a similar course. Connective
      tissue in portal tracts rises on a slower course and continues to increase after
      maximum duct regression is reached, so the ratio of parenchyma to fibrous septa
      falls over the later course of the process. Although duct and connective tissue
      proliferation in hepatic portal tracts is associated in many liver diseases, the
      data of this study demonstrate dissociability of the relationships, with the
      fibrosis in the later stages of the intrahepatic process in extrahepatic biliary
      atresia apparently neither responsive to nor inducing biliary ductular
      proliferation.

PMID- 3835555
TI  - Preferentially longer survival of males than of females with untreated
      extrahepatic biliary atresia: correlations with time course of intrahepatic
      lesions and suggestion of possible ethnic influences.
AB  - Males with untreated or unsuccessfully treated extrahepatic biliary atresia show
      statistically significantly longer survival than females. Females show a greater
      degree of intrahepatic biliary ductular proliferation than males in the early
      phase of the process (to age approximately 200 days) and greater duct regression
      and more rapid connective tissue proliferation than males from approximately 200
      to 400 days. Females also show greater frequency of statistically significant
      hepatomegaly than males over the first year. The black and Hispanic patients in
      this series tended to show a less marked degree of bile ductule proliferation in
      the early phase of the process than other patients, but the numbers of such
      patients available for study were not enough for statistical significance. This
      point, and its possible clinical correlates, will require further analysis, as
      will possible biochemical explanations for the differences between males and
      females in the time course of the intrahepatic lesions of extrahepatic biliary
      atresia.

PMID- 3835556
TI  - Angiosarcoma of the liver and spleen in an infant.
AB  - A 14-month-old white male was diagnosed as having angiosarcoma of both the liver
      and spleen. At 17 months he developed pulmonary metastases and died. There was no
      apparent environmental or hormonal exposure either prenatally or during infancy.
      The malignant tumor probably arose from its benign counterpart
      (hemangioendothelioma), which was found in the spleen. This is the fifth case
      reported of splenic angiosarcoma in the pediatric age group (18 years or
      younger).

PMID- 3835557
TI  - Heterotopic brain presenting as a cystic neck mass with mandibular deformity.
AB  - A congenital cystic neck mass causing respiratory distress and hypoplasia of the
      mandible was excised from a 3-month-old infant. The lesion was subsequently
      diagnosed as heterotopic brain, a rare, benign condition that should be
      considered in the differential diagnosis of the neonatal head and neck mass.

PMID- 3835558
TI  - [Comparative data on the glutathione and methemoglobin levels in the blood of
      pregnant and nonpregnant white rats inhaling NO2].
AB  - Nitrogen dioxide /NO2/, is one of the basic photochemical atmospheric pollutants
      possessing both direct and indirect toxic effects. When inhaled NO2 affects
      directly the blood hemoglobin forming methemoglobin. The rate of effect depends
      on the level of the intra-erythrocyte redox systems and in the first place on the
      reduced glutathione. The systemic toxic effects of NO2 and is easy penetration
      through the hemato-alveolar barrier are well known. However the effects of NO2 on
      the organism during pregnancy have nor been studied. The present study has been
      designed to evaluate the effect of NO2 on the reduced oxidized glutathione and
      the level of methemoglobin in the blood of pregnant and nonpregnant female rats.
      Inhalation exposure of pregnant albino rats to NO2 in concentration of 10 and 1
      mg/m3, 5 hours daily, throughout gestation /21 days/, induces an increased
      synthesis of glutathione and shifting towards the reduced form, which could be
      taken as a sign of adaptive mechanisms. The nonpregnant animals show no such
      effect, as they more easily compensate the oxidizing effect of NO2. At the age of
      1 month the progeny of the NO2-exposed mothers show the same tendency to an
      elevated synthesis of glutathione and increase of its reduced form. When treated
      again with NO2 at the same dose levels during gestation, the F1 females show no
      changes in blood glutathione, but the level of methemoglobin is raised--an effect
      not observed in the parental generation.

PMID- 3835559
TI  - [Changes in the physical environmental factors in modern buildings related to the
      use of polymeric construction materials].
AB  - The polymeric materials are used on a large scale in building and furnishing of
      modern edifices. However, in spite of the doubtless positive effect there are a
      number of important hygienic problems, related to the ability of these new
      materials, at unregulated and not controlled usage, to cause unfavourable changes
      in the parameters of the environment and through them to affect the health and
      spirits of the inhabitants. The basic hygienic problems in the application of
      polymeric building materials /PBM/ are derived from the elimination of harmful
      chemical substances from the latter. Besides of great importance are the changes
      in the physical parameters of the environment in the premises of the edifices,
      arising from the accumulation of static electricity on the surface of the PBM,
      the aggravated thermal technical characteristics of some materials, etc. The
      results of the hygiene investigations for thermal protective properties of
      different types of PBM, used as floor covering and their effect on the thermal
      metabolic processes and colds of the inhabitants are pointed out. The biological
      effect of static electricity and the dependence of the electrification of the
      materials on the composition and the physico-chemical nature of the materials and
      some microclimatic parameters and other exploitation conditions are clarified.
      Recommendations are given for the preliminary hygienic control of these
      materials, in order to avoid the aggravation of the parameters of the environment
      in the modern buildings.

PMID- 3835560
TI  - [Health status of 1st- to 3d-grade pupils in a unified secondary polytechnical
      school entering school at different ages].
AB  - The purpose of the present work is to study the effect of training in the new
      unified secondary polytechnical school /USPS/ on the health status of students
      from I-III class, with initial school age 6 and 7 years, realized in the
      conditions of 5-day school week and all day organization of the training process.
      A longitudinal observation /I to III class/ on the health status of 6 divisions
      of schoolchildren in Sofia and Burgas is performed--on those starting at the age
      of 6 /experimental/ and 7 years /controls/. Besides a transversal investigation
      of a total number of 1657 students of I-III class in 10 districts of the country
      was carried out, distributed in like manner between 6 and 7 years old
      schoolchildren. On each stage of the study were made medical examinations with
      paraclinical ones /blood and urine/, and during every school year information has
      been gathered for all cases of acute diseases. It was established that the health
      status of the examined schoolchildren of I-III class of the unified secondary
      polytechnical schools, evaluated on the basis of data taken from the acute and
      chronic somatic diseases is good. There are no abrupt differences in the health
      of both compared groups of schoolchildren. A slight tendency for deterioration of
      the health is observed among those starting school at 6 years.

PMID- 3835561
TI  - [Problems of the extracurricular regimen of pupils (1st to 3d grades)].
AB  - The purpose of the present work is to make a hygiene evaluation of some basic
      moments of the-of-school regimen of schoolchildren from the first grades. The
      longitudinal regimen of schoolchildren from I-III class of on school in Sofia is
      studied and 68 classes of 10 district of the country. In out-of-school regimen is
      investigated by specially prepared questionnaire, completed with the assistance
      of the parents. The hygienic evaluation of the out-of-school regimen is made on
      the basis of the present hygiene requirements with the principal regime moments
      and comparison of the results from the investigation of students age 6 and seven.
      The results received served as basis in the preparation of "Complex measurements
      including and rational daily regimen of students from the first classes".

PMID- 3835562
TI  - [Psychophysiological bases of occupational selection for fine-detail repair
      work].
AB  - The determination of the complex--important professional psychological features,
      which has to respond, at the beginning of the professional training, to the
      requirements of one of the most popular variety of work on the belt--installation
      of small details--was performed by examining some functions of the higher nervous
      system (HNS) and some individual peculiarities in the professionally "successful"
      and "failures" at different stages of their professional activity. The received
      statistically significant differences between the polar groups allow us to
      accept, that on the basis of the capability to master the specialty--fitting of
      watches stand: Weak nervous system, moderate inertness of the nervous processes.
      Accuracy of static and dynamic coordination of hands. Expressed social
      responsibility. Self-control (establishing the standards for control actions,
      knowledge of signal signs.

PMID- 3835563
TI  - [Physical work capacity under different levels of measured stress in relation to
      type-A personality in intellectual workers].
AB  - The physical work capacity of 122 designers is defined in order to characterize
      the effect of work activity in the individual standard types /types A and B/ at
      physical dosage loading. The following methods are used: bicycle ergometry with
      determination of lung ventilation, oxygen consumption, pulse frequency, etc. by
      means of the Jaeger ergooxyscreen. Defining the type of behavior of the
      individual by Rosenman's questionnaire. Determination of catecholamine excretion
      after the method of Euler and Lishajko. The results pointed out that the physical
      work capacity of designers is satisfactory and mean in rate, evaluated according
      to the internationally confirmed classifications. The effect of hypokinesia, age
      and sex differences and the importance of type A are discussed in relation to the
      reaction of the organism to the dosage loading, as well as some methodological
      problems concerning the determination of type A way of behavior.

PMID- 3835564
TI  - [Changes in the physiological and biochemical parameters of students during an
      examination].
AB  - During exercises /control/ and examination on work psychology /experiment/ were
      investigated the cardiac frequency, blood supply of extremities, peripheral
      vessel tone, velocity of pulse wave spreading, EKG, pulse variety, skin
      resistance, excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline, 11-OCS and other parameters.
      It was established that an examination is a good model of studying the changes
      during stress. Characteristic intersexual and interindividual differences were
      found. The work is part of a broad investigation on the relation between rate of
      stress, changes in the organism, success, spirits, subjective perception of
      tenseness, individual importance of the situation, the degree of training, etc.

PMID- 3835565
TI  - [Immunological reactivity in a radiation microclimate].
AB  - Bearing in mind the complexity of the radiation factor in industrial conditions
      the aim of work was to investigate the immunological reactivity in the conditions
      of glass production. The following methods were used: bactericide properties of
      skin, quantity of deep microflora of the skin, lysosome activity of the saliva,
      phagocytic activity of neutrophils in blood, bactericide properties of serum and
      serum complement. A decrease in the immunological reactivity of the organism was
      established which was most strongly expressed in relation to the bactericide
      properties of the skin, lysosome activity of the saliva and the phagocyte
      activity of the neutrophils in blood.

PMID- 3835566
TI  - [Biochemical changes in the myocardium in experimental chronic pirazofos
      poisoning].
AB  - The authors investigate the 12 month effect of the organophosphorus pesticide
      "Pyrazophos", in the myocardium status of albino male rats treated per os by
      1/20, 1/100, and 1/200 LD50 of the preparation /LD50 for male rats 218 mg/kg/.
      The enzyme activity of ATP-ase, G6P-ase, F1,6 P-ase, PGlM, LDH, SucDH, iCDH, the
      quantity of soluble and insoluble collagen and elastin proteins were examined as
      well as the content of polycarbohydrate components /total and sulphated
      glycosaminoglycan and glycoproteins/ of the basic intercellular substance. The
      results point out that the preparation in doses 1.1 and 2.2 mg/kg and especially
      11 mg/kg at continuous introduction cause cardiotoxic effect, and the changes
      affect first of all the components of the basic intercellular substance /with
      sGAG, GAG/ and to a lighter extent the enzyme activity in the cardiac muscle. The
      collagen and elastin proteins, constructing the fibrous structures remain
      comparatively stable. The experimental data have to be taken into consideration
      in the hygiene standardization of the organophosphorus preparation "Pyrazophos".

PMID- 3835567
TI  - [Glutathione in the blood and dehydrogenase activity in the serum of workers
      engaged in the manufacture of divinyl (1,3-butadiene)].
AB  - Examinations were carried out on 75 workers engaged in the production of divinyl,
      in order to evaluate the detoxifying and carbohydrate function of the liver. A
      significant statistic decrease of glutathione in blood was established, which
      gave grounds to propose this index as early criterium for the toxic effect of
      divinyl. A decrease in the dehydrogenase activity in the serum of workers was
      established. These changes were accepted as non-specific. The highest
      professional risk is evident with the technological staff.

PMID- 3835568
TI  - [Respiratory function study of workers engaged in vinyl chloride and polyvinyl
      chloride manufacture].
AB  - A hygienic evaluation is made on the work conditions in the production of vinyl
      chloride and polyvinyl chloride. Studies were carried out on 516 workers after
      the following indices: vital capacity /VC/, forced expiratory volume per sec.
      /FEV1/, peak expiratory capacity /PEC/, maximum expiratory capacity 75 /MEC75/,
      maximum expiratory capacity 50 /MEC50/ and maximum expiratory capacity 25
      /MEC25/. It was established that 33.13% of the workers were with ventilation
      disturbances. The most frequently met was the obstructive syndrome of ventilation
      insufficiency. The infringements were most often in workers with length of
      service up to 1 year.

PMID- 3835569
TI  - [Liver enzyme function and humoral immunity in workers exposed to vinyl
      chloride].
AB  - The work aims at studying the enzyme function of the liver, as well as the
      humoral immunity of workers engaged in the production of vinyl chloride and
      polyvinylchloride with proved hepatotropic and Raynaud syndromes. About 191
      workers /experimental group/ from the synthesis and polymerization of vinyl
      chloride and 2 control groups--34 persons from Varna and 54 from G. Traikov were
      examined. The following biochemical and immunological studies were performed:
      GOT, GPT, GGTP, alkaline phosphatase, IGG, circulating immune complexes, titer of
      the complement, cryoglobulins in the serum and identification of the sediments by
      immunoelectrophoresis. It was established that the immune system was included in
      the early phases of toxic effect. Disturbances in the enzyme function and humoral
      immunity were registered both in workers with hepatotropic and Raynaud syndromes.

PMID- 3835570
TI  - [Kinetic study of phthalate accumulation and elimination in a model of
      inhalational exposure in volunteers].
AB  - Studies were performed on volunteers exposed to 0.5 and 2 mg/m3 diethylhexyl
      phthalate for a period of 5 days. The accumulation of diethylhexyl phthalate in
      blood and its elimination with urine was traced. Accumulation of phthalates in
      the organism was established even in lower MAC concentration of 0.5 mg/m3, which
      puts the problem of reevaluation of this norm (1 mg/m3).

PMID- 3835571
TI  - [Biochemical pulmonary research in experimental exposure to xylene and noise].
AB  - In an experiment with albino rats was studied the combined effect of xylene in
      concentration 300 mg/m3 and noise with different intensity /85 and 95/ on the
      lung tissue. The independent noise effect lead to no significant deviations in
      the followed up biochemical indices. The isolated xylene exposure determined the
      occurrence of certain metabolite disturbances in the lung tissue, which were
      considerably more expressed on the background of noise.

PMID- 3835572
TI  - Serum myoglobin in athletes after physical activity.

PMID- 3835573
TI  - [Evaluation of various methods of preserving samples for the study of intestinal
      microflora].
AB  - Intestinal microflora changes in ten adult and healthy subjects after storage of
      specimen with different modalities, temperatures and times were evaluated
      quantitatively and qualitatively. Aerobic components (Enterobacteriaceae,
      Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and Bacillus spp.) did not show considerable
      variations of concentration in all maintenance conditions. Anaerobic components
      showed different capacity of survival for every researched genus: Clostridia and
      Lactobacilli, even kept frozen for one month in glycerol broth at -70 degrees C,
      maintained a stable viable count; Bacteroides, Fusobacteria, Veillonellae and
      Peptostreptococci were found stable after one week, while after one month showed
      a loss of concentration superior to 4 Log; Eubacteria were found remarkably
      reduced after seven days and completely lost after one month.

PMID- 3835574
TI  - [Study of IgG antibodies to PPD with an immunoenzyme method (ELISA) in the serum
      of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].
AB  - ELISA has been used for the detection of IgG antibodies against PPD in 48
      patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, in 10 individuals with previously treated
      tuberculosis and clinically recovered, in 22 PPD skin-test positive healthy
      volunteers and in 48 blood donors with unknown PPD skin-test. Positivity was
      obtained in 29 patients (83%) with active tuberculosis, in one patient (10%) with
      clinical recovery, in none of the healthy controls. This technique may have a
      potential diagnostic relevance in evaluating patients with suspected pulmonary
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 3835575
TI  - [Binding capacity of albumin with bromcresol green in a group of women of fertile
      age].
AB  - Albumin binding ability was studied in 551 women of fertile age through the dye
      binding test with BCG. In 61 cases (11.0%) no binding was found: 47 women (77.0%)
      were pregnant at the time the blood test was performed. Such a result agrees with
      previous studies which indicate a reduced albumin binding ability in the blood of
      near term pregnant women and in the umbilical cord.

PMID- 3835576
TI  - [Determination of the antiplasmin activity of platelets with a chromogenic
      substrate].
AB  - The synthesis of chromogenic substrate has opened new prospects to the study of
      haemostasis factors and particularly to the determination of coagulation
      inhibitors and components of fibrinolysis. In this paper we propose a new and
      simple method to anti-plasmin activity of platelets, by using H-D-Valyl-L-Leucyl
      L-Lysine-p-nitroanilide HCl (S-2251) (Kabi Company, Sweden) as a chromogenic
      substrate.

PMID- 3835577
TI  - Molecular mechanisms of ischemic brain damage.

PMID- 3835579
TI  - Cerebral protein synthesis and ischemia.

PMID- 3835578
TI  - Heterogeneous distribution of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions during complete brain
      ischemia.

PMID- 3835580
TI  - Free radical damage of the brain following ischemia.

PMID- 3835581
TI  - Selective vulnerability of the hippocampus to ischemia--reversible and
      irreversible types of ischemic cell damage.

PMID- 3835582
TI  - Microphysiology of selectively vulnerable neurons.

PMID- 3835583
TI  - Calcium entry blockers: autoradiographic mapping of their binding sites in rat
      brain.

PMID- 3835584
TI  - A role for the mitochondrion in the protection of cells against calcium overload?

PMID- 3835585
TI  - [Diagnosis of the so-called mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD)].

PMID- 3835587
TI  - [Lipid-mobilizing activity in experimental hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism].

PMID- 3835586
TI  - [Pyruvate kinase activity in the granulocytes of patients with psoriasis].

PMID- 3835588
TI  - [Hemodynamics in atrial septal defects of the ostium secundum type associated
      with mitral valve prolapse].

PMID- 3835589
TI  - [Correlations between morbidity, hospitalization and mortality and environmental
      factors].

PMID- 3835590
TI  - [Risk factors and the development of ischemic heart disease during a 6-year
      observation of male population. V. Evaluation of probability of the development
      of myocardial infarction using risk function calculated for different
      populations].

PMID- 3835591
TI  - [Differences in the migration capacity of peripheral blood leukocytes in vivo and
      in vitro in patients with mycoses].

PMID- 3835592
TI  - [Current possibilities in treating diseases of the locomotor system with cold].

PMID- 3835593
TI  - [Effect of homeopathic remedies].

PMID- 3835594
TI  - [Diagnosis of post-traumatic coma based on EEG examination].

PMID- 3835595
TI  - [Effect of noise on the hematopoietic and immune systems. I. Sources of noise,
      occupational exposure and general pathophysiological effects].

PMID- 3835596
TI  - [Role of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in the etiology of various
      diseases].

PMID- 3835597
TI  - [Hemangiomas of the vertebrae (data of the Institute of Oncology in Cracow)].

PMID- 3835598
TI  - [Diagnosis and indications for the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3835599
TI  - [Principles of selecting a surgical method in the treatment of patients with
      peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3835600
TI  - [Bone maturation of children from 0 to 6. Wrist and hand. Part I. Quantitative
      analysis].

PMID- 3835601
TI  - [Bone maturation of children from 0 to 6. Wrist and hand. Part II. Probit
      analysis for isolated bones].

PMID- 3835602
TI  - [Initial reading-writing learning as a prognostic factor of subsequent
      achievement].

PMID- 3835603
TI  - [Pierre Robin syndrome, a new modality of treatment].

PMID- 3835604
TI  - [Physical growth and morbidity in the 1st year of life based on birth weight].

PMID- 3835605
TI  - [Consultation on morbidity in adolescents in primary care].

PMID- 3835606
TI  - [National Program of Supplemented Food 1965-1985].

PMID- 3835607
TI  - [Surgery in chronic renal failure].

PMID- 3835608
TI  - [Genes, chromosomes and cancer].

PMID- 3835609
TI  - [Do vasodilators have a role in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in
      chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies?].

PMID- 3835610
TI  - [Pulmonary complications in burn patients and their functional repercussions].
AB  - The authors review the literature about respiratory burns and their initial and
      late functional repercussions. Upper airway oedema induces initial upper airway
      obstructive impairment. Pulmonary parenchymal failure is characterised by the
      functional consequences observed with adult respiratory distress syndrome.
      Survivors may be free of functional impairment. Smoke inhalation syndrome leads
      to variable airway obstruction resolving usually within 5 months. Persistence of
      an obstructive impairment may be due to the development of polyposis and/or
      stenosis in large airways, bronchiolitis obliteration or bronchiectasis.

PMID- 3835611
TI  - [True acute lobar pneumococcal pneumonia. Apropos of 51 cases].
AB  - In a retrospective study of 51 cases of acute pneumococcal pneumonia in Morocco,
      predominantly male subjects were affected without past medical history or
      pathology. The pneumonia was accompanied by an effusion in 18% and a bacteraemia
      in 11%. The most serious pneumonias were those complicated by meningitis (12% of
      cases) or septic shock (1 case). The presence of factors implying a poor
      prognosis (meningitis, septic shock, bacteraemia, advanced age) increases the
      mortality. Penicillin G is the antibiotic of choice. In low doses it is
      sufficient to achieve a cure in uncomplicated cases. In the severe forms, high
      doses do not always prevent a fatal outcome. The availability of a vaccine
      adapted for the African serotypes would enable people with special risk factors
      to be treated.

PMID- 3835612
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic thoracoscopy in 83 cases of chronic pleurisy].
AB  - From May 1983 to June 1985 the authors performed a thoracoscopy as a diagnostic
      and therapeutic objective in 83 patients with chronic recurrent pleurisy; amongst
      these patients, 69 had know intra or extra thoracic cancer and the other 14
      presented with an isolated pleurisy. Eight other patients had pleural
      carcinomatosis proven by needle biopsy and had pleural talc introduced by
      thoracoscopy. The examination was performed under local anaesthesia with
      neuroleptanalgesia; a rigid 7 mm diameter thoracoscope was used; the biopsies
      were performed uniquely on the parietal pleura using tropical forceps. The
      outcome was uncomplicated with no deaths nor any serious complications due to the
      method. The sensitivity of the pleural biopsy was 91.5% or 76 positive biopsies
      out of 83. 73 biopsies were metastatic and 3 were tuberculous pleurisies. The
      macroscopic appearance was strongly suggestive of malignancy in 78 patients and
      appeared inflammatory in 13, of whom 9 cases were positive on biopsy. The authors
      performed a pleural talcage in every case; a lasting pleural adhesion was
      obtained in 66 patients but regrettably there were 14 failures, the effusion
      recurring after removal of the drain. The authors stress the reduced number of
      incidents of pleural effusion, which confirms the good tolerance of pleural
      endoscopy.

PMID- 3835613
TI  - Silicone oil in vitreoretinal surgery. Part 1: Surgical techniques.
AB  - The use of silicone oil in the management of intractable retinal detachment
      associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy is increasing. Based on clinical
      experience in over 240 cases, the authors describe their current surgical
      techniques involving silicone oil, as well as the avoidance and management of
      associated intraoperative complications.

PMID- 3835614
TI  - Silicone oil in vitreoretinal surgery. Part 2: Results and complications.
AB  - The surgical results and postoperative complications associated with silicone oil
      injection in the treatment of complicated retinal detachment were evaluated in a
      series of 164 eyes followed for a minimum of 6 months. The incidence of recurrent
      retinal detachment, corneal decompensation, cataract, glaucoma, and hypotony were
      noted to be high, and the final visual results were often disappointing. The
      avoidance and treatment of these complications are discussed, and removal of the
      silicone oil after sustained anatomic retinal reattachment has been attained is
      recommended.

PMID- 3835615
TI  - Cavernous hemangioma of the retina. Genetic and central nervous system
      involvement.
AB  - A 1967 report described retinal "telangiectasia" in a brother and sister. The
      brother also had concurrent immune deficiency with hypogammaglobulinemia. Several
      reports have since been published on similar retinal vascular lesions, which have
      been termed "cavernous hemangioma of the retina." In retrospect, it is likely
      that this sibling pair also had cavernous hemangioma of the retina and brain, and
      that the hypogammaglobulinemia was an independent problem. Our report provides a
      19-year follow-up on three generations of this family. The affected generations
      support the diagnosis of a phakomatosis having autosomal dominant inheritance.
      Cavernous hemangioma of the retina is usually a stable disease, but there is a
      potential risk of intracranial hemorrhage from cavernous hemangioma of the brain.
      Family members, with and without fundus findings, should therefore undergo
      computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, because
      neurosurgical prophylaxis or treatment may be indicated.

PMID- 3835616
TI  - Cavernous hemangioma of the retina and retinal telangiectasis. Distinct or
      related vascular malformations?
AB  - Cavernous hemangioma of the retina and retinal telangiectasis are two rare
      developmental vascular lesions of the retina. They are considered to be distinct
      clinical entities, but they share some common features, so that the differential
      diagnosis of the two diseases is an important clinical challenge. In the right
      eye of a young woman, a cavernous hemangioma of the retina close to an area of
      retinal telangiectasis was found. This association supports the possibility that
      these developmental anomalies could be strictly related.

PMID- 3835617
TI  - Exchange transfusion in sickling maculopathy.
AB  - Unilateral macular infarction occurred in a 23-year-old black man with sickle
      cell hemoglobinopathy (SS), who was already receiving oxygen and hydration
      treatment for a painful crisis. Visual acuity of 20/200-1 in the affected eye did
      not improve with 36 hours of "conservative" treatment. Fifteen hours after an
      exchange transfusion, however, visual acuity started to improve. By 36 hours
      after transfusion, a visual acuity of 20/40 was achieved, with the gradual return
      over 8 weeks to 20/20. This case provides strong circumstantial support for the
      effectiveness of exchange transfusion in sickling maculopathy.

PMID- 3835618
TI  - Retreatment of retinal breaks using a thin cryoprobe without displacement of the
      scleral buckle.
AB  - A thin (20-gauge) cryoprobe can be used to retreat retinal breaks without
      disturbing a previous scleral buckle. The fibrous sheath covering the episcleral
      exoplant is incised at its anterior margin, and the 20-gauge probe is introduced
      between the exoplant and the sclera. Angling the tip slightly permits precise
      treatment around the retinal break, without removing and replacing the scleral
      sutures securing the exoplant.

PMID- 3835619
TI  - Controlled drainage of subretinal and choroidal fluid.
AB  - Controlled drainage of subretinal fluid is achieved using a 25-gauge needle,
      passed obliquely through the sclera. This reduces the risk of choroidal
      hemorrhage and retinal incarceration.

PMID- 3835620
TI  - Pupillary stretching. A new procedure in vitreous surgery.
AB  - During vitreoretinal procedure, 26 aphakic eyes with proliferative
      vitreoretinopathy and diabetic traction retinal detachment were treated with a
      new technique for surgical dilatation of a miotic immobile pupil. Four iris loop
      sutures were laid in such a way that stretching of the pupil in the main
      directions of the four quadrants was made possible, thus forming a large, square
      pupil. No functional iris lesion was caused in nine eyes that developed miosis
      only during surgery. The other 15 eyes already had a miotic and rigid pupil
      preoperatively. In all but one of these cases, the stretching caused multiple
      small sphincter tears. The pupils remained partially dilated, but showed a
      reaction to miotics and mydriatics.

PMID- 3835621
TI  - Models for assessing scar tissue inhibitors.
AB  - The main purpose of animal models for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is to
      develop pharmacologic therapies for this common cause of blindness. A very large
      number of pharmacologic agents appear to have potential use in this application
      by preventing cell proliferation and/or contraction. In practice, however, it has
      been found that prohibitively extensive numbers of animals and laboratory
      services are required to establish drug efficacy, safety, and dosage regimes. To
      lessen this work load and to accelerate drug screening programs, the authors have
      developed an in vitro model for PVR based on chorioretinal fibroblast growth in
      three-dimensional collagen lattices. This model yields precise data on the effect
      of drugs on cell proliferation and contractility. Trifluoperazine, colchicine, 5
      fluorouracil, dexamethasone, and penicillamine were screened in this model. The
      first three agents were found to be inhibitory; on the basis of the pharmaco
      kinetic data, obtained dosage regimes for animal testing were developed. The
      results obtained are discussed in terms of the in vitro model and the biochemical
      action of these drugs on the cellular events in PVR. In vitro screening of drugs
      prior to animal testing offers a significant advance in the quest for a
      pharmacologic prevention of blindness due to PVR.

PMID- 3835622
TI  - [Idiopathic edema: a psychosomatic disease? I. Psychological aspects and
      personality profile].

PMID- 3835623
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of nifedipine in acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3835624
TI  - [Asymptomatic chronic aortic insufficiency: clinical and echocardiographic follow
      up of 41 asymptomatic patients].

PMID- 3835625
TI  - [Echocardiography in bacterial endocarditis].

PMID- 3835626
TI  - [Thymoma: a clinico-pathological study of 14 cases].

PMID- 3835627
TI  - [Gastric cancer in the Talca Regional Hospital].

PMID- 3835628
TI  - [Esophageal foreign bodies in adults].

PMID- 3835629
TI  - [Ventricular septal defect after myocardial infarction and acute renal
      insufficiency].

PMID- 3835630
TI  - [XY translocation in a woman with dyschondrosteosis and sterility].

PMID- 3835631
TI  - [Histopathology of skeletal muscle].

PMID- 3835632
TI  - [Pathogenesis of cell death: point of no return. Part I].

PMID- 3835633
TI  - [The hyper-IgE syndrome].

PMID- 3835634
TI  - [Immunobiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis].

PMID- 3835635
TI  - [Unspecific bronchial hyperreactivity in inactive pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3835636
TI  - [Effect of colchicine on hepatic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats].

PMID- 3835637
TI  - [Programmed electrical stimulation of the heart in the identification of high
      risk patients after acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3835638
TI  - [Ketoconazole in the treatment of advanced cancer of the prostate: experience
      with 14 patients].

PMID- 3835639
TI  - [Bronchial tuberculosis: experience in 27 patients].

PMID- 3835640
TI  - [Thrombolysis with intracoronary streptokinase in 11 patients with acute
      myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3835641
TI  - [Gastric pseudolymphoma. Anatomo-clinical study of 4 cases].

PMID- 3835642
TI  - [In vitro activity of 4 cephalosporins on gram-negative bacteria and
      Staphylococcus aureus of hospital origin].

PMID- 3835643
TI  - [Immotile cilia syndrome].

PMID- 3835644
TI  - [Orbital and cerebral mucormycosis in 2 diabetic patients].

PMID- 3835645
TI  - [Analysis of a teaching-learning model with adult ambulatory patients].

PMID- 3835646
TI  - [Pathogenesis of cell death: the point of no return. II].

PMID- 3835647
TI  - [Infectious diseases in Chile: current status and perspectives].

PMID- 3835648
TI  - [Mechanisms of damage and repair of the respiratory tract].

PMID- 3835650
TI  - [Medicine and philosophy (XI)].

PMID- 3835649
TI  - [Interstitial lung diseases].

PMID- 3835651
TI  - [Concept of the total man in contemporary medicine].

PMID- 3835653
TI  - [Medicine for the healthy man confronting the question: do we prevent or do we
      treat diseases?].

PMID- 3835652
TI  - [Bacterial endocarditis. Comments on 54 cases].

PMID- 3835654
TI  - [Cushing's syndrome with ectopic ACTH secretion].

PMID- 3835655
TI  - [Renal ectopia].

PMID- 3835656
TI  - [Pancreatic fistulae].

PMID- 3835657
TI  - [Prospective epidemiologic study of the characteristics of the evolution of
      influenza in collectives of children and adolescents].

PMID- 3835658
TI  - [Experimental research on the effect of protective materials used in deep
      cavities on the dental pulp].

PMID- 3835659
TI  - [Severity factors in uterine cancer].

PMID- 3835660
TI  - [Experimental research on depression using psychological tests in the psychiatric
      clinic].

PMID- 3835661
TI  - [Synthesis of diacetylmonoxime, a reagent for measuring urea in biological
      fluids].

PMID- 3835662
TI  - [Therapeutic visceral arterial embolization (TVAE). III. Splenic TAE (medical
      splenectomy)].

PMID- 3835663
TI  - [Functional exploration of the exocrine pancreas].

PMID- 3835664
TI  - [Surgical treatment of primary pulmonary suppurations].

PMID- 3835665
TI  - [Hydatid cyst of the pancreas].

PMID- 3835666
TI  - [Primary malignant lymphoma of the breast].

PMID- 3835667
TI  - [Diagnostic problems at the level of general medicine facilities in a rural area
      and in small urban centers].

PMID- 3835668
TI  - [Responsibility of the physician in performing a medical function].

PMID- 3835669
TI  - Proliferation of primary sensory neurons in adult rat dorsal root ganglion and
      the kinetics of retrograde cell loss after sciatic nerve section.
AB  - This study was aimed at measuring the kinetics of retrograde death among primary
      sensory neurons axotomized by transection of the ipsilateral sciatic nerve in
      adult rats. Using electrophysiological and retrograde transport methods, we first
      determined that most sciatic afferents enter the spinal cord along the L4 and L5
      dorsal roots (DRs), and that about 54% of the cells in the L4 and L5 dorsal root
      ganglia (DRGs) project an axon into the sciatic nerve. Knowing this value, we
      could then calculate the rate of loss of axotomized neurons from the overall rate
      of neuron loss in the DRGs at different times after the lesion. Following
      unilateral sciatic neurectomy, we found a steady falloff in the ratio of DRG
      neurons on the operated versus the intact control sides in cresyl-violet-stained
      serial paraffin sections. We were surprised to note, however, that on the control
      side there was a steady increase in the cell count with age. Counts done on a
      series of unoperated rats of various ages confirmed this natural increase.
      Overall, new neurons accrete at an average rate of 18.1 cells per day to the
      combined L4 and L5 DRGs, nearly doubling their numbers during the adult life of
      the animal. The new cells add mostly to the small-diameter neuronal compartment.
      Evidence from neonatally operated rats indicates that the decline in the ratio of
      neurons in operated versus control DRGs following sciatic nerve section in the
      adult results more from a halt in the accretion of new neurons to the sciatic
      compartment than from frank cell death. From our data, we calculate that the loss
      of axotomized neurons occurs at a rate of only about 8% per 100 postoperative
      days.

PMID- 3835671
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of food products with regard to the levels of harmful
      metals. I. Fruit and vegetable preserves and non-alcoholic beverages].

PMID- 3835670
TI  - Early differentiation of the afferent nervous system in glabrous snout skin of
      the opossum (Monodelphis domesticus).
AB  - Early differentiation of afferent fibers innervating the snout skin of
      Monodelphis domesticus was studied by electron microscopy and by light
      microscopic silver staining techniques. This study was undertaken to investigate
      the relationship between dermal and epidermal innervation in the neonate opossum
      while correlating these findings with behavioral responses. The advantage of
      using this species is that the neonate is born in a very immature stage and has a
      rostrocaudal development of the peripheral nervous system. Glabrous snout skin
      from young opossums was studied at birth (0 day) and postnatal days 1, 3, and 5.
      Neurite bundles were seen within the dermis, with axons and growth cones
      approaching the epidermis. Some axons penetrated the dermal-epidermal junction in
      newborn pups. Merkel cells were consistently numerous during the time spanned by
      this study. Mature Merkel cells had granules polarized toward an associated
      neurite and were often located in the base of the rete pegs. Immature Merkel
      cells were characterized by a lack of polarization of granules and absence of an
      apposed neurite, suggesting that these cells can differentiate without an
      associated neurite. Contiguous Merkel cells had junctional complexes in 0- and 1
      day animals. Schwann cells, identified by their contact with neurite bundles,
      were present in large numbers, especially in the superficial dermis. Melanocytes
      could be identified in the epidermis in 5-day pups only. Developing rete pegs
      could be recognized in 0-day animals and became prominent in 5-day pups. These
      observations suggest that afferent fibers are present at a very early age and
      that some of these fibers are anatomically mature. These findings support the
      concept that the ability of the neonate to locate a teat and suckle requires only
      the presence of mature epidermal innervation, while dermal receptors appear later
      during postpartum development.

PMID- 3835672
TI  - [The 1st detected cases of ochratoxin A residues in human blood in Poland].

PMID- 3835673
TI  - [Changes in the levels of atmospheric air pollution by dust, sulfur dioxide,
      fluorides and nitrous oxide in Cracow 1968-1984].

PMID- 3835674
TI  - [Effect of titanium phosphate, zirconium oxide and a mixture of ammonium
      phosphotungstenate with zirconium phosphate on the elimination of radioactive
      cesium from the bodies of rats].

PMID- 3835675
TI  - [A device for the quantitative collection of samples of periphyton and sediment
      from the walls of water reservoirs].

PMID- 3835676
TI  - [Measuring the migration of butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) from polystyrene and
      polypropylene into model fluids by the gas chromatography method].

PMID- 3835677
TI  - [Changes in the psychophysical fitness of schoolchildren during a 5-day school
      week].

PMID- 3835678
TI  - [Differences in body height and body weight of schoolchildren in various regions
      of the country].

PMID- 3835679
TI  - Pesticide residues in teas consumed in Poland.

PMID- 3835680
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of food products with regard to the levels of harmful
      metals. II. Meat and dairy products, confectioneries and wines].

PMID- 3835681
TI  - [Polychlorine compounds and metals in the muscle tissue of various species of
      Baltic Sea fishes, 1981-1983].

PMID- 3835682
TI  - [Chemical contamination of the daily meals of selected population groups. II.
      Preliminary analysis of the levels of heavy metals, chlorinated hydrocarbons, Cs
      137 and Sr-90 in the meals in selected nursery schools].

PMID- 3835683
TI  - [The quality of nutrition in hospitals].

PMID- 3835684
TI  - [Comparison of the physical development of children aged 6-15 years from urban
      and rural areas].

PMID- 3835685
TI  - [A rapid spectrophotometric method for determining trace amounts of copper (II)
      in cosmetic raw materials and dyes].

PMID- 3835686
TI  - [Pollution of atmospheric air and the air in living quarters with formaldehyde].

PMID- 3835687
TI  - [Health examinations and their efficacy].

PMID- 3835688
TI  - [Acute viral hepatitis: epidemiological study in the province of Santa Cruz de
      Tenerife].

PMID- 3835689
TI  - [Health study of swimming pools in Madrid].

PMID- 3835690
TI  - [Hepatitis B virus markers and evaluation of prevention in hospital personnel].

PMID- 3835691
TI  - [Initiation of the smoking habit among the student population in Mostoles].

PMID- 3835692
TI  - [Toxic Iberian Lepidoptera and a medical and health study of erucism].

PMID- 3835693
TI  - The effect of acute non-fatal haemorrhage on adrenocortical function.
AB  - The effect of acute non-fatal haemorrhage on adrenocortical function was assessed
      in 19 Burmese subjects. The results indicated that acute non-fatal haemorrhage as
      produced by blood donation stimulated the adrenal cortex to increase its
      secretion.

PMID- 3835694
TI  - Purpura fulminans produced by Aeromonas hydrophila: a case report.
AB  - A case of purpura fulminans produced by Aeromonas hydrophila in a twelve year-old
      Thai boy was reported. The patient also had aplastic anemia which facilitated the
      severity of disease. He died despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

PMID- 3835695
TI  - Attempts to modify treatment of intestinal capillariasis.
AB  - Attempts to reduce the standard treatment of intestinal capillariasis of 200 mg
      mebendazole twice daily for 20 days were not successful. Two of 13 patients given
      mebendazole at single daily dosages of 500 mg per day for 16 days relapsed 3 to 6
      months after treatment. Attempts to reduce the treatment to 14 days were even
      less satisfactory in that 4 of 8 patients treated experienced relapses 2 to 9
      months later. Since intestinal capillariasis can be fatal it is recommended to
      continue the use of the standard schedule of 400 mg mebendazole daily for 20 days
      for new cases and 30 days for relapsed cases until a more effective drug is
      available.

PMID- 3835696
TI  - Enterobiasis among schoolchildren in Macao.
AB  - The prevalence of enterobiasis was investigated among 2,195 children in
      kindergarten and grade one of 12 Macao Catholic schools by a single modified
      Scotch tape swab. The overall infection rate was 31.5%; it ranged from 15.2% to
      63.3% among schools and was higher in grade one. The prevalence was independent
      of sex but increased with age to a peak at 7 years; it was higher among children
      of lower social class and those born in Mainland China. The infection was more
      prevalent in the poor and congested parts of the city. The educational level of
      parents was a critical factor in the eradication of enterobiasis. The prevalence
      rate was not associated with the employment status of mother, family size, and
      sibling size.

PMID- 3835697
TI  - Evaluation of the effectiveness of permethrin and DDT impregnated bed-nets
      against Anopheles maculatus.
AB  - A laboratory evaluation of cotton and nylon bed-nets treated with permethrin and
      DDT was carried out by releasing blood-fed An. maculatus for 30 minutes in the
      treated net. Results show almost 100% mortality up to one year after treatment. A
      ten minute exposure on the outside of the net also gave similar results. Even
      after washing the nets continued to give very good results. A method of treating
      the nets is described.

PMID- 3835698
TI  - Rainfall, abundance of Aedes aegypti and dengue infection in Selangor, Malaysia.
AB  - An epidemio-meteorotropic analytical study of Selangor, in the Southwest coast of
      Peninsular Malaysia, examines the monthly incidence of dengue for the period 1973
      1982 to assess possible quantitative association with the monthly rainfall. The
      relationships between rainfall, abundance of A. aegypti and dengue infection
      during 1982 in Jinjang, a dengue-prone area in Selangor, were also examined. A
      quantitative association between rainfall and the number of dengue cases was
      found during the first wet period. The lag time between the onset of heavy rain
      and dengue outbreak was about two to three months. A 120% increase in the number
      of dengue cases was observed when the monthly rainfall was 300 mm or more.
      Positive associations were seen between the incidence of dengue and the Aedes
      house index and the Breteau index in Jinjang. The relationships between these
      three variables and rainfall suggest that the latter might have exerted its
      effect on dengue infection partly through the creation of more breeding sites for
      A. aegypti. Assessment of the importance of A. aegypti in the transmission of
      dengue in this locality was not possible because of the lack of adjustment for A.
      albopictus, the other known vector of dengue in the state, and for social and
      other environmental factors influencing infection rates. In spite of this and the
      interpretational problems common in aggregate studies, the present analyses have
      provided relatively strong statistical evidence of an association between
      rainfall and dengue outbreaks in Selangor, thereby indicating that it is a factor
      worthy of careful surveillance and monitoring.

PMID- 3835699
TI  - Epidemiology of cancer in Southeast Asia.

PMID- 3835700
TI  - Epidemiology of cancer in Sarawak, East Malaysia.
AB  - A descriptive epidemiology of cancer in Sarawak, based on histopathology records
      in the Central Medical Laboratory, Kuching, Sarawsk, in 1981 and 1982 was
      presented. There were 8,219 patients from whom biopsies were taken and 485 from
      whom marrow biopsies were taken. Out of these, 1,326 were reported malignant.
      Most of the cases were from Kuching. There were slightly more males than females.
      The Chinese formed the majority of cases followed by the Sea Dayaks and Malays.
      The most common cancer sites among males were lymph nodes, nasopharynx, skin and
      stomach, while in the females the most common sites were the breast, cervix and
      lymph nodes. Among the Chinese the most common cancers were those of the
      nasopharynx in males, and breast in females. Among the Sea Dayaks, the most
      common cancers were those of the lymph nodes in males and cervix in females.
      Among the Malays, skin cancers were relatively common, and among the Land Dayaks
      nasopharyngeal cancers were common. Most of the patients were in the older age
      groups. The pattern of cancers has not changed much since 1966 and the findings
      of the present study are very similar to the series from the Institute of Medical
      Research, Kuala Lumpur, in 1969 to 1971.

PMID- 3835701
TI  - Epidemiology of cancer in Malaysia.
AB  - Some information on cancer in Malaysia are available, and its epidemiology is
      described. There is a need for systematic and coordinated collection of cancer
      statistics which are essential to patient management, cancer control programme
      formulation, implementation and evaluation. The decision of the Ministry of
      Health to introduce National Cancer Registry and to encourage epidemiological
      studies, which will ultimately lead to the utilization of data and introduction
      of control and preventive activities for cancers are positive steps in the right
      direction. Meanwhile, curative and palliative treatment is available from the
      existing hospital facilities, and preventive activities such as actions on
      smoking and health will be continued until such time when a comprehensive
      prevention and control programme for cancers in the country is evolved.

PMID- 3835702
TI  - Epidemiological aspects of some malignant neoplasms in Indonesia.
AB  - Compared with 20 years ago, the problem of cancer is now on the increase in
      Indonesia. Cancer as the cause of death in various hospitals in Indonesia ranked
      No. 7 after infectious diseases, accidents and cardiac diseases. Cancer of the
      cervix uteri and breast were the most frequent cancer found in females throughout
      Indonesia, except in Padang (West Sumatra). The highest frequency of cervical
      cancer was found in Bali (34.0%). For both sexes together, skin cancer has been
      found to be the 3rd ranking after cancer of the cervix uteri and breast.
      Nasopharyngeal cancer, and cancer of the liver have been found high ranking among
      males, and from the reported data from 1981 and before, there has been almost no
      changes observed in the ranking of cancers among females.

PMID- 3835704
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa in Malaysia--any change?
AB  - The prevalence rate of 749 cases of oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) recorded
      between 1978-1984 was studied. Results showed that the Indians formed the
      dominant group (63.8%) followed by the Malays (19.6%) and Chinese (16.6%). The
      peak incidences were generally located between the sixth and eighth decades. Only
      in the Chinese group a male preponderance was noted. In the Indians, the buccal
      mucosa was the most prevalent site; in the Malays and Chinese males, the gingiva
      and alveolus; and the Chinese female, the tongue. In all three groups, the well
      differentiated SCC was the commonest type and the poorly differentiated least
      common.

PMID- 3835703
TI  - Cancer registration in Thailand.
AB  - Review from the history of the Cancer Registration in Thailand during 1971-1980,
      shows that the patterns of cancer incidence are less different even if the data
      NCI received each year was not stable at the first stage of conducting this work
      (during 1971-1974) i.e., collaboration increased in some years and decreased in
      some years. Since 1975, the cooperation has been increasing, especially data from
      provincial hospitals but the cooperation from hospitals in Bangkok is still less
      due to problems such as lack of personnel who is directly in charge of this work,
      or problems on routine work system on cancer registration. However, data and
      statistics on cancer of Thailand which NCI has performed forms the base data for
      incidence of various types of cancer.

PMID- 3835705
TI  - Experience with gastroscopy in the diagnosis of stomach cancer in Malaysia.
AB  - Two hundred and eight patients underwent oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy within the
      first year of its introduction at a peripheral general hospital in Malaysia.
      There were 7 cases of gastric cancer, proved histologically, as compared to 38
      cases of benign gastric ulcer. The frequencies of the common symptoms and signs
      in the two conditions are compared. Of the 3 main ethnic groups, Malays, Chinese
      and Indians, the incidence of gastric ulcer was highest among the Chinese, next
      the Indians; however, the number of gastric cancers were too few for analysis of
      its racial incidence.

PMID- 3835706
TI  - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: correlation of histopathology with radiation response.
AB  - Forty-nine cases of NPC were evaluated histopathologically and the radiation
      responses of the tumor types were assessed. The overall radiation response were
      as follows: CR 40.8%, PR 14.3%, NC 42.9%, PD 2.0%. The distribution of tumor
      types were: Squamous cell carcinoma (WHO type I) 4.08%; Non-keratinizing
      carcinoma (WHO type II) 4.08%; Undifferentiated carcinoma (WHO type III) 91.84%
      var. Lympho-epitheliomatous (LE), Anaplastic (A), Spindle cell (SC), Clear cell
      (CC). 94.38% of the cases were classified as clinical stage II, III and IV (tumor
      found beyond the nasopharyngeal space). The radiation response rate of the tumor
      in the lymphnode was reversed to the clinical stage and extent of node
      involvement, namely the higher stage and node involvement, the less rate of
      radiation response. Twelve cases received radiation dose of less than 4000 cGy,
      which comprised 11 NC cases and 1 PD case. Of the 37 cases who got 4000 cGy and
      over, the response rate was 72.97%. Of these WHO type I was not evaluated because
      of insufficient radiation dose; WHO type II showed 50% response rate; WHO type
      III showed 74.29% response rate. Radiation response (as assessed from the
      cervical lymphnode involvement) of NPC was influenced by tumor burden and
      histologic type of the tumor, namely the less differentiated tumor responded
      better than the more differentiated one. No definite conclusion can be drawn yet
      of the different behaviour (if any) of the variants of undifferentiated carcinoma
      (WHO type III) toward irradiation.

PMID- 3835707
TI  - Current status of chemotherapy for esophagus and gastric cancer.

PMID- 3835708
TI  - Chemotherapy and hormone therapy of metastatic breast cancer.

PMID- 3835709
TI  - Early diagnosis of cancer of the lung.

PMID- 3835711
TI  - Relative frequency of cancer in the female genital tract in Indonesia.
AB  - In a 10-year period (1970-1979) 6,111 cancer cases in males and 7,646 cases
      (55.3%) in females were registered. The female genital tract cancers occurred in
      23.8% of all malignancies in the female. The relative frequency of the
      gynecological tumors was: cervix 60.3%, ovarium 25.5%, corpus uteri 6.9%,
      chorioca 5.1% and vulva/vagina 2.2%. A comparison is made with former reports and
      with other places in Indonesia.

PMID- 3835710
TI  - Chemotherapy of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with the use of cis-platinum
      and VP 16-213.
AB  - Twenty eight patients (22 males, 6 females), with mean age of 55 years (range 34
      71 years) were given combination chemotherapy consisting of Cis-platinum and VP
      16-213 (Etoposide). The schedule was Cis-platinum, 20 mg/m2 and VP 16-213, 60
      mg/m2, each given for 5 consecutive days and repeated every 4 weeks. Histological
      subgroups were adenocarcinoma 15, squamous cell carcinoma 9 and large cell
      carcinoma 4. Prior therapy was radiotherapy in 2 and no treatment in 15 patients.
      The ECOG performance status was 0-1 in 9 patients and 2-3 in 9 patients. Eight
      patients had limited disease and 20 had extensive disease. Nine of 28 patients
      responded, 1 CR and 8 PR's, with an overall response rate of 32%. The median
      duration of response was 23 weeks. Response rates according to histologic types
      were similar. Important prognostic factors for response were performance status,
      stage of the diseases and age below 55 years. Median survival was significantly
      longer for patients with limited disease vs extensive disease (41 vs 22.5 weeks)
      and in responders vs non-responders (42 vs 22 weeks). Toxicity was tolerable.
      This regimen is recommended for subsets of patients with the above prognostic
      factors.

PMID- 3835712
TI  - Challenge of the two neural tumors: neuroblastoma and retinoblastoma.
AB  - Fifty cases of neuroblastoma and 29 retinoblastoma patients who had additional
      chemotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. Male:Female ratio were 1:1 and 0.8:1,
      the ages ranged from birth to 14 years (4 +/- 3.42 year) for neuroblastoma, and
      one month to 5.5 years (2.4 +/- 1.4 year) for retinoblastoma. More than 70%-90%
      of them came in advanced stages. The treatment consisted of surgical resection,
      enucleation or exenteration if feasible. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy were
      given as specific and palliative measures. All of the neuroblastoma who were
      younger than 8 months old survived long-term. Various chemotherapeutic agents did
      not seem to effect the outcome of the advanced cases of these two diseases. The
      retinoblasts did not seem to be sensitive to MTX and Ara-C. Thio-tepa
      intrathecally seems to be worth trying. Since these two tumors are not sensitive
      to treatment and are still a great challenge to the developed countries,
      awareness of the diseases, early diagnosis and early treatment are appropriate
      approaches for the developing countries.

PMID- 3835713
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma in Thai children.
AB  - Twenty-six cases of rhabdomyosarcoma diagnosed from a total of 845 Thai children
      with childhood malignancy who had been treated at the Department of Pediatrics
      Ramathibodi Hospital, from May 1970 to December 1982 were analyzed
      retrospectively. There were 16 boys and 10 girls, aged 3 months to 13 years old
      (mean age was 5.6 +/- 4.1 years old). The common type was the embryonal cell
      sarcoma (19 cases), 3 cases were undetermined, 2 cases of alveolar cell type and
      one each of the pleomorphic and undifferentiated cell type. Only 2 cases had
      stage II disease, 10 and 14 cases were stage III and IV respectively. The common
      locations were head and neck (10 cases), abdomen (8 cases including one in the
      uterus, scrotum and 3 in the urinary bladder), and in 7 cases in the extremities.
      One patient had small lesion at the buttock. The treatment consisted of surgery,
      radiation therapy, actinomycin, vincristine and cyclophosphamide. Eight cases
      were lost to follow-up, 10 cases were discharged in advanced stage after been
      treated for 6.2 +/- 4 months, 4 cases had no evidence of disease for 2 to 7.5
      years, 4 cases died after 4 to 27 months of treatment. The poor result obtained
      was probably due to the late stages of the disease at diagnosis, and limitations
      in the use of effective medications.

PMID- 3835714
TI  - [Visual evoked potentials in families with Friedreich's ataxia].

PMID- 3835715
TI  - [Detection of corrosion of the copper wire in the Biocuprum intrauterine device].

PMID- 3835716
TI  - [Bicycling injuries in the geriatric population].

PMID- 3835717
TI  - [Multiple malignant tumors].

PMID- 3835718
TI  - ["Uncinate crises" in patients with tumors in the frontotemporal region].

PMID- 3835720
TI  - [Radiographic classification of pneumoconiosis].

PMID- 3835719
TI  - [Cholesterol polyps of the gallbladder].

PMID- 3835721
TI  - [Dizziness as a medical problem].

PMID- 3835722
TI  - [The contents of the esophageal hiatus].

PMID- 3835723
TI  - [Anatomic characteristics of the left testicular vein].

PMID- 3835724
TI  - [The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma on the basis of modern histologic
      classification].

PMID- 3835725
TI  - [Alloreactive lymphocytotoxic antibodies in patients with multiple transfusions
      and on a chronic hemodialysis program].

PMID- 3835726
TI  - [Post-traumatic gastroduodenal ulceration].

PMID- 3835727
TI  - [Evaluation of the reliability of commercial equipment for the radioimmunologic
      determination of the concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)].

PMID- 3835728
TI  - Effects of an anabolic steroid on reproduction in female rats.
AB  - Mature female rats given food and water ad libitum and maintained under a
      lighting schedule of 12h light/12h dark were treated with boldenone undecylenate.
      Neither dosage nor duration of treatment had a significant effect on weight gain
      when compared to controls. All treated females were characterized by the absence
      of cyclic ovarian activity that continued for several weeks following termination
      of treatment. Long term reproductive performance was altered by a significant
      reduction in both conception rate and neonatal survival. Behavioral patterns were
      modified for several months following steroid withdrawal.

PMID- 3835729
TI  - The production and assessment of monoclonal antibodies to cortisol.
AB  - In an extensive series of experiments, Balb/C mice and Lou rats were immunised
      with 3-O-(carboxymethyl)oximinocortisol conjugated to bovine serum albumin. The
      spleen cells from selected animals were fused with cells from mouse or rat
      plasmacytoma lines. Out of many hundreds of hybridomas screened, more than
      seventy produced antibody that bound 125I-labeled cortisol. These cultures were
      investigated further for stability of antibody production, affinity for cortisol
      and cross-reactivity with other steroids. An unexpected but consistent finding
      was that immunised rats produced antibody which cross-reacted with 11
      deoxycortisol to a level greater than 100% and this characteristic was reproduced
      by rat-rat hybridomas. Strategies designed to improve the chances of generating
      non-cross-reactive anti-cortisol monoclonal antibodies did not appear to be
      successful. Nevertheless, several monoclonals were identified with properties
      that suggest they may be useful for the development of sensitive and specific
      cortisol assays.

PMID- 3835730
TI  - Rat luminal cell nuclear area changes correlated with uterine growth responses
      induced by a low dose infusion or injection of estradiol-17 beta.
AB  - Rat uterine luminal epithelial cells (LEC) responded differently when exposed to
      an injection of 1.0 microgram estradiol-17 beta (E2) compared to a continuous
      infusion of E2 at the rate of 1.0 microgram/24 hours. After injection or
      beginning infusion, LEC mean nuclear area significantly decreased by 4 h, then
      increased thereafter. After injection, nuclear area distributions were determined
      at each time point. The percentage of large nuclei (greater than 40 mu 2)
      decreased by 4h postinjection and remained a relatively small proportion of the
      population, while the percentage of nuclei of 20-30 mu 2 areas increased
      throughout the experiment. During infusion, the percentage of large nuclei
      decreased by 4h after pump implantation, then increased. Only infusion induced
      sustained, increased uterine protein content, DNA synthesis and ornithine
      decarboxylase activity. This study suggests that E2 treatment modality induces
      differences in nuclear size in target cells as well as in biochemical parameters.

PMID- 3835731
TI  - A convenient isomerization of 6-oxo-3 alpha,5-cyclo-5 alpha-steroids to 6-oxo
      delta 2-5 alpha-steroids.
AB  - Direct isomerization of 6-oxo-3 alpha,5-cyclo-5 alpha-steroids to 6-oxo-delta 2-5
      alpha-steroids was accomplished by pyridinium hydrobromide in dimethyl-formamide.

PMID- 3835732
TI  - A new partition thin-layer chromatographic method for steroid separations.
AB  - TLC plates with a 25 mu thick polyamide stationary phase were modified for the
      separation of neutral steroids by impregnation with propylene glycol. A mixture
      of tritiated 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,17 beta-diol, testosterone, 17 beta
      hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one and 4-androstene-3,17-dione was applied to the
      plate and developed in a toluene mobile phase to a height of 13.6 cm. This
      resulted in complete resolution of the 4 compounds as detected by a gas flow
      scanner or imaging analyzer. Cutting and elution of peak areas with methanol
      resulted in quantitative recovery of all four steroids. The thinness of the layer
      also permitted a 3-5% counting efficiency on scanning, resulting in good
      quantitation of recovery without liquid scintillation counting. The high sorptive
      capacity of the polyamide layer also enabled extracts of normal human serum to be
      defatted on the TLC plate by development with pure hexane prior to the toluene
      step. The new method thus offers several advantages over existing methods for
      steroid separations and should be adaptable to separations of other relatively
      non-polar compounds.

PMID- 3835733
TI  - [Late thromboembolic complications after mitral valve replacement].

PMID- 3835734
TI  - [Comparative study of 2 therapeutic regimens using fractionated doses of insulin
      in insulin-dependent diabetics].

PMID- 3835735
TI  - [Sheehan's syndrome: epidemiologic, clinical and biological aspects. Apropos of
      36 cases].

PMID- 3835736
TI  - [Caustic esophagitis: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Apropos of 16
      cases].

PMID- 3835737
TI  - [Electrical aspects of paroxysmal crises in newborn infants].

PMID- 3835738
TI  - [Primary tumors of the small intestine. Apropos of 16 cases from 1978 to 1984].

PMID- 3835739
TI  - [Tuberculosis contagion. Results of a personalized epidemiologic study].

PMID- 3835740
TI  - [Serum gastrin in normal subjects and ulcer patients].

PMID- 3835741
TI  - [The Leopard syndrome or multiple lentigines syndrome].

PMID- 3835742
TI  - ["Textile lung". Apropos of the first Tunisian case of linen pneumoconiosis].

PMID- 3835743
TI  - Regional sodium citrate anticoagulation in patients with active bleeding
      undergoing hemodialysis.
AB  - Sodium citrate was used as a regional anticoagulant in the dialysis system in
      four patients with acute renal failure and active bleeding of various sources
      during a total of 38 dialysis treatments. All four patients had exacerbation of
      existing hemorrhage with low-dose heparin dialysis. A special circuit was used
      through which sodium citrate was infused into the arterial sleeve of the dialysis
      blood line; dialysis was achieved against calcium-free bath and calcium was
      infused into the venous sleeve of the dialysis blood line. When data was compared
      to low-dose heparin dialysis, citrate anticoagulation is as effective, carries no
      risk of exacerbation of bleeding, and had negligible adverse effects.

PMID- 3835744
TI  - Perirectal and perineal infections in end-stage renal disease patients.
AB  - Eight patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who developed bacterial
      infection of the perirectal area or perineum are reported. The diagnosis was not
      always straightforward. Bacteremia was seen in 3 of 8 patients and one of these
      died. Careful examination of the anus, rectum, and perineum should be mandatory
      in ESRD patients with undiagnosed fever. Treatment consisted of extensive
      surgical debridement and drainage along with antimicrobial therapy.

PMID- 3835745
TI  - Serum copper concentration changes in chronic hemodialyzed patients.
AB  - We studied the behavior of copper during hemodialysis and the relationship
      between serum copper levels and hematologic parameters such as red blood cell
      count (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and serum iron in 48 hemodialyzed
      patients. To study diffusion, we measured copper in the arterial blood and in the
      dialysate at the inflow and outflow sites of the dialyzer. To study
      hemoconcentration, the change in hematocrit values and total serum protein values
      were examined. To study liberation of copper from the dialyzer membrane, copper
      concentrations in normal saline were measured before and after the saline was
      used to wash dialyzers of various kinds. We found that changes in serum copper
      concentration were due mainly to hemoconcentration and liberation, but partly
      also to diffusion, and that the net result of changes was a significant increase
      in serum copper. We observed no correlation between serum copper levels and RBC,
      Hct, Hb, and serum iron levels.

PMID- 3835746
TI  - Lock-ring for Tenckhoff catheter/titanium adaptor junction.
AB  - One standard continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) infusion/drainage
      system was found prone to recurrent mechanical failure at the junction between
      the silastic catheter and the titanium connector. This resulted in slackening and
      eventual disconnection with attendant risk of bacterial entry and a CAPD
      associated peritonitis. A simple "lock-ring" device, when fitted over the
      catheter-titanium connector junction, afforded a secure joint.

PMID- 3835747
TI  - National policies for health library networks.

PMID- 3835748
TI  - Targeting on health for all.

PMID- 3835749
TI  - [Glycoprotein synthesis in spermatids of the rat--an EM radioautographic study].

PMID- 3835750
TI  - [Hybrids between F9 "nullipotent" teratocarcinoma and rat thymus cells produce
      differentiated cells].

PMID- 3835751
TI  - [Effect of adherent cells and conditioned medium of long-term canine bone marrow
      culture on granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells].

PMID- 3835752
TI  - Double label radioactivity per cell (RC) analysis in vivo: rapid cytokinetic
      analysis of the KHT sarcoma.

PMID- 3835753
TI  - [Influence of the in vivo microenvironment on the differentiation of cloned B7-2
      embryonal carcinoma cells].

PMID- 3835754
TI  - [Studies on the appearance and disappearance of conductivity of embryonic
      epithelium with heterochronous transplantation].

PMID- 3835755
TI  - [Different effects of cytochalasin B on the cell cycle of human fetal pulmonary
      diploid SL7 cell, human neoplastic LTEP-78 and CNE cells].

PMID- 3835756
TI  - [The ionic dependence of the action potential of the epithelial cells of embryos
      of Cynops orientalis].

PMID- 3835758
TI  - [Effects of butyric acid on cultured human nasopharyngeal epithelial carcinoma
      cells].

PMID- 3835757
TI  - [Release of LDL from cell surface receptor by heparin and comparison of the
      binding ability of serum LDL between rabbit and man].

PMID- 3835759
TI  - [A scanning electron microscopical study of the corneal epithelium during the
      morphogenesis of the eye in Bufo raddei].

PMID- 3835760
TI  - [Mutagenic effect of methylbenzylnitrosamine on V79 cells co-cultivated with
      hepatocytes or esophageal epithelial cells of human, rat and chicken origins].

PMID- 3835761
TI  - Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (Summerskill and Walshe syndrome). Case
      report and revision of bibliography.
AB  - We describe the case of a 58-year old woman who had four episodes of choluric
      jaundice and severe pruritus, starting at age 48. Each episode lasted about four
      months and had a spontaneous remission. During icteric episodes, conjugated
      bilirubinemia, alkaline phosphatase, and to a lower degree transaminases, were
      increased; white cell count was higher and there was a marked rise in
      sedimentation rate. Between such episodes there was a complete clinical
      remission, and laboratory alterations returned to normal, although sometimes a
      high alkaline phosphatase persisted. There was no history of previous drug intake
      known to produce these disorders. During the last icteric episode, an exploratory
      laparatomy, with roentgenographic study was done, which demonstrated that the
      extrahepatic biliary tract was intact. Histology revealed that the liver showed a
      preserved, regular architecture, of which the salient feature was intrahepatic
      cholestasis. Corticoids and cholestyramine were of little benefit for pruritus.

PMID- 3835763
TI  - [Dysplasia: myth and reality].

PMID- 3835764
TI  - [Pyloric Campylobacter and esophago-gastroduodenal pathology].

PMID- 3835762
TI  - [Acute cholecystitis and cancer of the gallbladder in the aged].
AB  - We are reporting 35 cases of gallbladder cancer in elderly people. 9 of them
      (25.7%) were operated with the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. We point out the
      high incidence of the association of acute cholecystitis and gallbladder cancer,
      being the cholelithiasis a predominant factor in the pathogenesis of cancer.
      Considering that we found gallbladder cancer in 6.1% of the cholecystectomies, we
      advise to perform the surgical treatment in all the patients suffering of
      cholelithiasis.

PMID- 3835765
TI  - [Diagnosis and etiology of Barrett esophagus. Presence of gastrin secreting cells
      (G cells)].
AB  - We present the patterns for the diagnosis, checking the clinical, radiological,
      endoscopical and histological data of 35 patients suffering from Barrett's
      Esophagus (BE) (columnar metaplasia lining the lower esophagus). The clinical
      characteristics are those of a severe esophagitis of long evolution, although
      metaplasia itself is asymptomatic, and its features depend on the inflammation
      degree. Radiology can bring out some data as GE reflux, hiatal hernia, ulcers or
      stricture, and perhaps double contrast may show any sign by means of which
      endobrachyesophagus (EBE) can be suspected. Endoscopy provides us with accurate
      data about EBE, ulcers, stricture and inflammation. Histology reveals the type of
      columnar metaplasia (junctional or cardial, gastric fundic, intestinal or
      specialized, or composite). Acquired or congenital etiology can be clarified by
      an immunohistochemical method, Peroxidase anti-Peroxidase (PAP), showing the
      presence of gastrin secretory cells (G cells) in the congenital cases.

PMID- 3835766
TI  - [Hepatic manifestations in giardiasis].
AB  - In 25 patients with diagnostic of Giardiasis by duodenal intubation we studied
      the hepatic functional tests and hepatic biopsy. 60% of patients presented
      alterations of hepatic histology; 36% steatosis and 24% inflammatory lesions,
      chronic persistent hepatitis 3 cases and chronic active hepatitis two of them.
      Hepatic lesions regression was reached only with antiparasitic treatment and in
      some cases reappearance of lesions depended on parasitic's reinfections. For
      every patient with histologic diagnosis of chronic hepatitis without viral
      markers we suggested to dismiss Giardiasis and to treat it before to undergo
      other therapeutical behavior.

PMID- 3835767
TI  - [Evaluation of the usefulness of various cytoenzymatic studies in the
      differential diagnosis of multiple myeloma and plasmacytic reaction of bone
      marrow].

PMID- 3835768
TI  - [Evaluation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in lymphoma cells of
      the bone marrow].

PMID- 3835769
TI  - [Evaluation of the stability of lyophilized factor IX concentrate].

PMID- 3835770
TI  - [Interaction of human prothrombin with staphylococcal coagulase produced by the
      Staphylococcus aureus Newman D2 strain].

PMID- 3835771
TI  - [Components of the fibrinolytic system of Guerin's epithelioma].

PMID- 3835772
TI  - [Non-homogeneity of maturity of cells of the granulocyte line from human bone
      marrow in in vivo culture in diffusion chambers].

PMID- 3835773
TI  - Radionuclide ventriculography for assessing cardiac shock early after open-heart
      surgery.

PMID- 3835774
TI  - Cardiothoracic complications of centrally inserted catheters.

PMID- 3835775
TI  - Complications during therapeutic plasma exchange.

PMID- 3835776
TI  - Echocardiography in the perioperative period.

PMID- 3835777
TI  - Conjunctival oxygen tension in experimental and clinical conditions: tissue
      oxygen metabolism in hyperoxia, hypoxia and hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 3835778
TI  - Combined effects of amantadine and interferon on influenza virus replication in
      chicken and human embryo trachea organ culture.
AB  - Amantadine (greater than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml) treatment of chicken or
      human trachea organ cultures 6 h before infection inhibited influenza virus
      replication. Chicken or human leukocyte IFN evoked antiviral resistance in the
      cells of the homologous organ cultures only at a concentration of 100 U/ml or
      more. Treatment of organ cultures with combinations of the two substances
      resulted in an additive effect on influenza virus replication in both chicken and
      human tissues.

PMID- 3835779
TI  - Effect of arginine-butyrate on interferon induction by adenovirus.
AB  - Treatment of human adenovirus type 12 infected chick cells with a low
      concentration of arginine-butyrate strongly inhibited interferon formation. At
      this concentration, as evaluated by the rate of protein synthesis the drug
      exerted no significant toxic effect on the cells. The early virus gene
      expression, not being affected in the butyrate-treated chick cells, it is
      autonomous and is not influenced by the effect of butyrate on chick cells. This
      is at variance with what has been observed in other semipermissive systems
      infected with adenovirus.

PMID- 3835780
TI  - Mutual spatial orientation of hexons in the adenovirus capsid by electron
      microscopy and modelling.
AB  - On the basis of electron microscopic analysis of the virion and model experiments
      there are four hexon species in the adenovirus capsid which have different
      positional status and spatial orientation as compared to the six nearest
      neighbouring capsomers. The binding pattern of the polypeptide subunits according
      to their orientation is also different. The four hexon species are situated
      beside one another in the capsid and they form the capsid of 240 hexons besides
      the penton by repeating symmetrically 60 times, as a group of four hexons (GOF).
      Electron microscopic analysis and model experiments lead to the conclusion that
      the mutual spatial orientation of GOF hexons can be parallel (their longitudinal
      axes are parallel), or the direction of their longitudinal axes is different in
      one or two planes, thus they form different angles with the longitudinal axes of
      the neighbouring hexons. In the latter cases therefore, a bend and torsion of the
      bindings (connective elements) can be supposed as compared to the tendency-plane
      of parallel bindings. Based on the different combinations of the three kinds of
      rotational orientation of polypeptide subunits and of the different spatial
      orientation of hexons, six kinds of interhexonal bindings can be found in the
      adenovirus capsid. The distribution and characteristics of the 690 interhexonal
      bindings are the following; 240 bindings of "one-to-two" polypeptide orientation
      with parallel spatial orientation; 180 bindings of "one-to-two" polypeptide with
      spatial orientation divergent in two planes; 30 bindings of "one-to-one"
      polypeptide orientation with parallel spatial orientation; 60 bindings of "one-to
      one" polypeptide orientation with spatial orientations divergent in one plane; 60
      bindings of "one-to-one" polypeptide orientation with spatial orientation
      divergent in two planes; 120 bindings of "two-to-two" polypeptide orientation
      with spatial orientation divergent in two planes. The dissociational sequence of
      the capsid suggests that the firmest bindings are the ones having "one-to-two"
      polypeptide orientation and parallel spatial orientation. It may be supposed that
      any two hexons are able to connect to each other according to all three
      polypeptide orientations and the connections can tolerate the bends and torsions
      arising from the icosahedral structure. This suggests that only one kind of hexon
      is existing and the adenovirus capsid is formed by a homogeneous hexon
      population.

PMID- 3835781
TI  - [Synthesis of 3-(P-(omega-disubstituted aminoalkoxy)-benzoyl)-indole
      derivatives].

PMID- 3835782
TI  - [The structure of dan-shen spiroketallactone of dan-shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza
      Bunge)].

PMID- 3835784
TI  - [Morphological and histological studies on Chinese medicinal aconite roots,
      Bangga group and Niubian group].

PMID- 3835783
TI  - [Studies on the fluorometric ion pair method for the determination of several
      tertiary amines].

PMID- 3835785
TI  - [Synthesis of tri-substituted acetates].

PMID- 3835786
TI  - [Studies on the chemical constituents of the root of Actinidia chinensis Planch].

PMID- 3835787
TI  - [Ontogenetic chemical changes of the active constituents in mudan (Paeonia
      suffruticosa) and shaoyao (P. lactiflora].

PMID- 3835788
TI  - [An experimental rat model of obesity and diabetes].

PMID- 3835789
TI  - [Effect of low-activity heparin on the uptake of 125I-cholesterol by the aorta
      wall in the rabbit].

PMID- 3835790
TI  - [Effect of praziquantel on the Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ content and distribution of
      45Ca2+ in male Schistosoma japonicum].

PMID- 3835791
TI  - [Studies on drugs used for the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia:synthesis of new
      aryloxyisobutyric acid derivatives].

PMID- 3835792
TI  - [Structure determination of three new triterpenoids from Helicteres angustifolia
      Linn].

PMID- 3835793
TI  - [Morphological and histological studies on the Chinese medicinal aconite roots of
      miscellaneous group].

PMID- 3835794
TI  - [Antiarrhythmic effects of sinomenine hydrochloride].

PMID- 3835795
TI  - [The effects of berbamine on the isolated guinea-pig atria].

PMID- 3835796
TI  - [Hypoglycemic effect of the combined use of puerarin and aspirin in mice].

PMID- 3835797
TI  - [Linear titration of weakly alkaline drugs].

PMID- 3835798
TI  - [Separation of catecholamines by micro high-performance liquid chromatography
      with electrochemical detection].

PMID- 3835799
TI  - [Evaluation of antimyocardial ischemia drugs].

PMID- 3835800
TI  - [Pharmacological actions of "8204" on the cardiovascular system and bronchial
      smooth muscle].

PMID- 3835801
TI  - [Study on the preparation and stability of solid dispersion of gossypol acetic
      acid-PVP and its spermicidal activity in vitro].

PMID- 3835802
TI  - [Studies on a new type acid dye--xylene cyanol for the determination of amines].

PMID- 3835803
TI  - [Study on the hydrolytic kinetics of aconitine].

PMID- 3835804
TI  - Correlations between the pharmacological effects and the pharmacokinetic
      behaviour of tetraminol.
AB  - Tetraminol (trans-2-hydroxyethylamino-3-hydroxy-5,8-dimethoxy-1,2,3, 4
      tetrahydronaphthalene hydrochloride) is a newly synthesized antihypotensive
      agent. Its pressor activity is accompanied by a compensatory slowing down of
      heart rate. Changes in plasma levels after intravenous administration of 1 and 2
      mg/kg b.w. to rats and rabbits can be fitted to a two-compartment open
      pharmacokinetic model (previous communications). Experiments were carried out
      with simultaneous registration of effects on blood pressure (R1) and heart rate
      (R2). Mathematical treatment of data for R1 and R2 revealed that changes with
      time can be described by biexponential equations of the type: R1i = A1i.e
      a1it+B1i..e-a21t. Three different ways to correlate the data from the
      pharmacological and pharmacokinetic experiments were tried: 1) For the time
      interval during which the pharmacological response changes in the range Rimax- 20
      to Rimax- 80% there exists a linear relationship with a high degree of
      statistical significance between the changes in the effects and plasma levels. 2)
      In the lambda 1-phase of the drug distribution there also exists a linear
      relationship between the effects and plasma levels. This is so because Tetraminol
      exhibits its pressor effect by direct stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors
      in the walls of the peripheral blood vessels. 3) Most suitable for expressing the
      relationship which exists between the pharmacological effects and the plasma
      concentration of Tetraminol for the entire time interval is the nonlinear
      function of the type: Ri/(Rimax - Ri) = QiCsi.

PMID- 3835805
TI  - Effect of heavy metal salts on rat brain and liver monoamine oxidase activity.
AB  - In experiments on male Wistar albino rats was studied the effect of Co, Cd, Ni,
      Zn, Hg and Pb on the activity of rat liver and brain monoamine oxidase (MAO)
      using tyramine, serotonin and beta-phenylethylamine as substrates. It was
      established that ZnSO4 significantly increased the activity of liver MAO with all
      substrates studied, Co(NO3)2 increased it when tyramine and serotonin were used
      while NiSO4 increased MAO activity when serotonin was used as a substrate. All
      metals studied did not change MAO activity in the brain except for Co(NO3)2 which
      significantly increased the enzyme activity with tyramine as a substrate. The
      activity of liver MAO proved to be more susceptible to heavy metals after
      subchronic exposure than that in the whole brain.

PMID- 3835806
TI  - Relations between the shapes of different muscle potentials. Experimental and
      model investigations.
AB  - Intracellular muscle action potentials, the corresponding to them extracellular
      action potentials recorded at short and long radial distances, extraterritorial
      motor unit potentials, evoked muscle potentials (M-, H- and T-potentials) and
      averaged potentials of the summated electromyogram were studied experimentally
      and compared with the calculated potentials. The similarity in the shape of the
      different muscle potentials and some second-rate differences were explained
      taking into account the point of recording, the different degree of
      desynchronization of the summated potentials and some other factors.

PMID- 3835807
TI  - Is the Mmax/Hmax ratio a reliable index of the monosynaptic excitability in man?
      Recruitment curves for H- and M-responses using monopolar and bipolar recording
      techniques.
AB  - The amplitude changes of M- and H-potentials, recorded monopolarly and bipolarly
      from different leading-off areas on the surface of m. triceps surae upon varying
      the stimulus intensity from threshold to supramaximal values, in a state of rest
      and fixed muscle length, are investigated. It is shown that: a) the Mmax/Hmax
      amplitude ratio cannot serve as a reliable index for a quantitative evaluation of
      the monosynaptic reflex excitability of the motoneurone pool and b) recording
      along the medial line of m. soleus in the region from 1.5 to 8.0 cm under the
      distal insertion of the two gastrocnemii into the Achilles tendon in a state of
      rest and submaximal values of the stimulus intensity, both mono- and bipolar
      recording techniques can equivalently be used in studying the changes in the
      monosynaptic reflex excitability.

PMID- 3835808
TI  - Hemispheric asymmetry in visual perception of temporal order.
AB  - The perception of temporal order is investigated. Suitable localization of the
      signals is also used to study the functional asymmetry of the cerebral
      hemispheres during perception of temporal order. The experimental data obtained
      correlate well with earlier assumptions of ours, namely: (a) separate mechanism
      for perception of temporal order; (b) the right hemisphere is dominant for
      perception of the order of events in time; (e) dependence of the subjective
      threshold for ordering of events in time on different physical characteristics of
      the stimuli.

PMID- 3835809
TI  - Effect of estradiol on DNA and protein synthesis in rat liver in vivo.
AB  - The article studies the effect of 17, beta-estradiol on the binding of cytosol
      estradiol-receptor complex with chromatin isolated from the liver of female
      albino rats (sham-operated, ovariectomized and treated after the ovariectomy with
      20 micron hormone/100 g body weight for 11 days) and sexually mature male albino
      rats. Higher binding of the complex is found for the female animals compared with
      the males. Parallel experiments are made to study the incorporation of 3H
      thymidine and 14C-glycine in vivo, in acid-soluble and acid-insoluble liver
      fractions of female rats, respectively, which is used as a basis for assessing
      the rate of DNA and protein synthesis. Ovariectomy induces considerable reduction
      of the binding of the estradiol-receptor complex with chromatin, as well as of
      the DNA and protein synthesis. Hormonal treatment of the ovariectomized rats is
      followed by substantial increase in the parameters investigated above the level
      measured in intact animals. The observed effects of the hormone on the liver
      correspond to the accepted view concerning the action of steroid sex hormones on
      their target organs.

PMID- 3835811
TI  - [Synthesis of new derivatives of pyrazole and pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine].

PMID- 3835810
TI  - [Derivatives of 1,1-dioxo-1,4,2-benzodithiazine. VII. Various possibilities of
      using 6-chloro-3-methylthio-7-methyl-1,1-dioxo-1,4,2-benzodithiazine for the
      synthesis of 2-(4-chloro-2-mercapto-5-methylbenzenesulfonamido)imidazoline
      derivatives, and their pharmacological properties].

PMID- 3835812
TI  - [Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological studies of new derivatives of 2-(4
      isobutylphenyl)propionic acid (brufen)].

PMID- 3835813
TI  - [Education and research on mental health in Latin America: priorities and
      implementation].
AB  - This paper is based on a presentation delivered at a PAHO Regional Meeting on
      Mental Health. It focuses mainly on research issues and is to be considered as a
      preliminary prospective exercise. From a biomedical perspective, research in
      Latin America appears to be limited, but it is not clear to what extent. Costly
      technology, and scarce funding, together with the assumption that this type of
      research is a privilege of rich countries, are serious disadvantages, and yet, it
      need to be further promoted. Methodology of clinical and social research has
      grown in complexity. That is likely to be one of the reasons why local efforts
      are rarely internationally competitive. But there are groups in the Region that
      have shown that this can be achieved. Training of competent investigators and
      innovative means to shorten the scientific and technologic gap that separate us
      from developed countries are urgent, as Latin America has the potential to do
      better in research.

PMID- 3835814
TI  - [Analytic therapy by the wake-dream].
AB  - The author goes through process of treatment by Robert Desoille's Wake-Dream
      analysis in an effort to expose the psychodynamics involved. In the first place,
      he approaches the problem of commencement of therapy up to the constitution of
      the framework inherent to the Wake-Dream. This presupposes a peculiar
      dissociation into several "me"; and a work method that may be thought of as
      progressive set up of a "personal mythology", through the various method stages,
      which in turn entails the task of binding and integrating every temporal and
      spatial dimension of psychism. The technique's therapeutic mechanics are based
      essentially in this work method. He also deals with the problem of transference
      and resistance and with the segregation of process phases just as they arise in
      medicine. On the basis of a text by Freud and of the aforementioned criteria, he
      supports the "analytical" nature of the Wake-Dream (in a sense similar to the
      term in psychoanalysis), in spite of the fact that the latter is not derived from
      psychoanalysis and is completely different from it as regards technique. Wake
      Dream and psychoanalysis are bradly coincident as far as theorical hypotheses
      supporting them are concerned.

PMID- 3835815
TI  - [Expectations of the patient's role].
AB  - This study is part of a research on sociological aspects of the doctor-patient
      relationship. Some previous results have been already published. This paper aims
      to analyse the influence of some basic variables such as age, sex and
      socioeconomic level on normative expectations concerning to the patient's role.
      This role was defined in terms of Parsons' sociological theory, which provides
      the content of the 20 items of a Likert-type scale constructed by Kassebaum and
      Baumann. By means of a factorial analysis they discovered four underlying
      dimensions of the expectations of the patient's role: Dependence, Reciprocity,
      Role performance and Denial. This scale and a questionnaire built by the author
      were given to a sample group of 302 subjects, present or potential patients,
      inhabitants of Buenos Aires city. The results show that expectations of the
      patient's role are influenced mainly by the subject's socioeconomic level.

PMID- 3835817
TI  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Enzyme Pattern-Targeted
      Chemotherapy. Titisee, West Germany, May 2, 3 and 4, 1985.

PMID- 3835816
TI  - [Medical and sociocultural aspects of alcoholism in Chile, Colombia and Mexico
      (1)].
AB  - The consumption of alcohol by the population becomes a theme of medical-social
      relevance in so far as the excessive or problematic habit of drinking alcohol
      leads to the syndrome of alcoholism and may affect substantially the mental
      health of the population. This paper tries to introduce the theoretical and
      practical study of the psychocultural development of the alcohol drinking
      behaviour, based on some exemplary cases of Chile, Columbia and Mexico, in Latin
      America. Essential themes are: Which kind of relations does exist between the
      socio-economic conditions and the alcohol consumption behaviour in each
      particular case? Which are the social and/or age groups with greater propensity
      towards problematic drinking habits? Which of the autochthnous cultural elements
      are available for preventive activities inside the community?

PMID- 3835818
TI  - L1210 dihydrofolate reductase: activation and enhancement of methotrexate
      sensitivity.
AB  - Dihydrofolate reductase, purified to homogeneity from a subline of L1210 murine
      leukemia cells resistant to 10(-6) M Methotrexate, was resolved into two
      principal forms (1 and 2) by isoelectric focusing. These forms had pI values of
      7.4 and 8.2, respectively; both stained for protein and catalytic activity. Form
      1 was a single component, comprising ca. 10% of the total protein, but multiple
      components of 2 were observed by narrowing the pH range in the electrophoretic
      procedure. Urea-denatured enzyme exhibited two bands of approximately equal
      intensity upon isoelectric focusing. These results were interpreted to mean that
      the enzyme consists of a set of conformationally different forms, arising from
      two primary structures. Inhibition of the native enzyme by Methotrexate was
      polyphasic, and appreciable activity remained when the drug was present at an
      equimolar concentration. Various agents (KCl, H+, urea, and SH-modifiers), known
      to "activate" dihydrofolate reductases, produced a monophasic, stoichiometric
      inhibition. Activating agents appear to induce a more open (and labile)
      conformation of the enzyme. This leads to increased affinity for MTX accompanied,
      in some instances, by increased catalytic activity.

PMID- 3835819
TI  - Potentiation of antimetabolite action by dibromodulcitol in cell culture.
AB  - The postulation that the activity of key enzymes that reveal marked increases
      should be potential targets for anticancer chemotherapy (47) was supported by new
      evidence on the alterations of CDP reductase, CTP synthetase and OMP
      decarboxylase in hepatoma 3924A cell cultures. Inhibitors of these enzymes (VF
      122, acivicin, pyrazofurin) and that of IMP dehydrogenase (tiazofurin)
      efficiently killed hepatoma 3924A cells in culture, as demonstrated by the
      clonogenic assay. Acivicin, pyrazofurin, tiazofurin and VF-122 were lethal
      against tumor cells in the exponential phase of growth with IC50 of 1.5, 5, 10
      and 4.5 microM, respectively. All these antimetabolites exhibited cytotoxicity
      preponderantly against exponential-phase cultures, indicating that all the four
      drugs belong to Class II (phase-specific agents) in the Kinetic Classification of
      Anticancer Agents (38). Dibromodulcitol, a bifunctional alkylating agent,
      revealed cycle-specific cytotoxicity (Class III agent) against hepatoma 3924A,
      yielding IC50 values of 2.3 and 5.5 microM for exponentially and stationary
      growing cells, respectively. Using isobologram analysis on the survival data of
      3924A cells, synergistic interaction was observed when DBD in combination with
      acivicin, pyrazofurin and tiazofurin was examined. DBD in combination with VF-122
      exhibited additive lethality against hepatoma cells in culture. The synergistic
      and additive cytotoxicity in combinations of DBD with these antimetabolites was
      accompanied by the concurrent depletion of ribonucleotide and/or
      deoxyribonucleotide pools. The synergistic biological results of drug
      combinations of acivicin with DBD can be accounted for by the action of acivicin
      in inhibiting CTP synthetase, resulting in a synergistic decrease in CTP content,
      and by inhibition of DNA synthesis caused by DBD. The synergistic and additive
      depletion of UTP, CTP, dTTP and dCTP pools in the combinations of DBD with
      pyrazofurin may be responsible for the synergistic lethality of these
      combinations. Synergism, in terms of pool depletion, was observed for GTP and
      dCTP; summation was detected for dGTP when DBD and tiazofurin were given
      concurrently. The synergistic cytotoxicity of this drug combination may be a
      consequence of these alterations. The additive lethality of DBD-VF-122 drug
      combinations was reflected in the additive elevations of the ribonucleoside
      diphosphate concentrations. These observations indicate that treatments based on
      the Kinetic Classification and on the biochemical targeting of the drug should
      have an impact on the design of in vivo chemotherapy.

PMID- 3835820
TI  - Inactivation by acivicin of rat brain CTP and GMP synthetases and depression of
      CTP and GTP concentrations.
AB  - Evidence was provided that injection of acivicin (25 mg/kg, i.p.) into the rat
      inactivated brain CTP and GMP synthetases. Under the same circumstances, CTP and
      GTP concentrations in the rat brain decreased following the decline in the
      activities of CTP and GMP synthetases. The decrease in enzymic activities and
      nucleotide concentrations progressed with time. The decline in CTP and GMP
      synthetase activities and CTP and GTP concentrations caused by acivicin occurred
      more slowly and to a lesser extent than in liver and hepatoma 3924A. The delay in
      the expression of acivicin action in the rat brain was attributed to a possible
      slower entrance of acivicin and the lower concentration than might have been
      attained in the rat brain. These considerations are based on the rapid
      disappearance of acivicin from rat plasma noted earlier. The decline in CTP
      concentration in rat brain might interfere with neuronal function. The decline in
      GTP concentration might be expressed through the depletion of biopterins which
      are generated from GTP in the brain. The possible relevance to the biochemical
      basis of paranoid schizophrenia which occurs reversibly after high-dose acivicin
      or tiazofurin treatment was discussed.

PMID- 3835821
TI  - The glutamine analog acivicin as antipyrimidine. Studies on the interrelationship
      between pyrimidine and urea synthesis in liver.
AB  - The inhibition of cytosolic carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase II by acivicin was
      used to study the role of the cytosolic carbamoyl phosphate pool as the exclusive
      substrate source for de novo pyrimidine synthesis in rat hepatocytes. De novo
      pyrimidine synthesis was stimulated: 1. by uridine triphosphate deficiency
      (incubation with D-galactosamine) leading to a stimulation of cytosolic carbamoyl
      phosphate synthesis, and 2. by accumulation and efflux of mitochondrial carbamoyl
      phosphate (incubation with ammonium ions and L-norvaline). The stimulated orotate
      formation from cytosolic carbamoyl phosphate in UTP depleted cells was completely
      blocked by acivicin. It was not influenced by an inhibition of mitochondrial
      carbamoyl phosphate synthesis mediated by 4-pentenoate, since mitochondrial
      carbamoyl phosphate did not participate in cytosolic pyrimidine synthesis even in
      the presence of ammonium ion concentrations maintaining physiological rates of
      urea synthesis. An excess of ammonium ions led to an artificial accumulation and
      efflux of mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate, which could be avoided by 4
      pentenoate. The non-regulated stimulation of pyrimidine synthesis from surplus
      mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate was not inhibited by acivicin. Utilization of
      mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate for de novo pyrimidine synthesis presumably
      does not occur under physiological conditions because mitochondrial CP efflux
      depends on the accumulation of this metabolite in the mitochondria under
      experimental or pathological circumstances. Acivicin inhibition of CPS II thus
      cannot be bypassed by mitochondrial CP. It is suitable as inhibitor of the
      physiological de novo pyrimidine synthesis.

PMID- 3835822
TI  - Nucleotide and oligonucleotide derivatives as enzyme and nucleic acid targeted
      irreversible inhibitors. Biochemical aspects.
AB  - Sequence specific modification of nucleic acids with reactive oligonucleotide
      derivatives, complementary addressed modification, can provide an efficient
      approach for specific inactivation of certain cellular nucleic acids. In
      experiments with ascites tumor Krebs II cells and alkylating oligothymidylate
      derivatives it was found that alkylating oligonucleotide derivatives enter the
      living cell and modify complementary sequences in cellular nucleic acids with
      high efficiency. Complementary addressed modification of poly(A) sequences in
      cellular RNA with oligothymidylate derivatives was investigated in detail. The
      results of experiments on alkylation of cellular nucleic acids are consistent
      with complementary addressed modification of poly(A) sequences in cellular DNA.
      These results are supported by experiments on modification of chromatin DNA in
      which it was found that chromatin DNA interacts with oliogothymidylate
      derivatives more readily than the isolated double stranded DNA. It was found that
      alkylating oligonucleotide derivatives complementary to a sequence in
      immunoglobulin mRNA of MOPC 21 cells arrest the cellular immunoglobulin
      synthesis. Alkylating oligonucleotide derivatives complementary to RNAs of fowl
      plague virus inhibit virus multiplication in cell culture.

PMID- 3835823
TI  - Inhibitors of glycoprotein biosynthesis.
AB  - Altogether 30 different sugar analogues have been tested in a cell free system
      from rat liver or, in part, in freshly prepared hepatocytes. It is our aim to
      find suitable compounds which are able either to interfere with the
      metabolization of L-fucose, galactose and N-acetylmannosamine or, alternatively,
      to block the attachment of these sugars to the nascent oligosaccharide chain. 1
      Methylfucoside inhibits the fucokinase by a competitive mode (Ki = 1.1 mmol/l).
      Both the fucokinase and fucose-1-phosphate pyrophosphorylase activity are
      impaired by Clobenoside, a chloro-containing glucofuranoside (Ki values between 5
      to 10 mmol/l). In hepatocytes this inhibition leads to a drastic reduction of
      fucoprotein biosynthesis and secretion. 1-Methylenegalactose proved to be a
      promising competitive inhibitor of the galactokinase (Ki = 4.1 mmol/l), while the
      efficacy of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-galactose and 6-deoxy-6-fluoro-galactose is less
      pronounced. Part of these sugar analogues could become a suitable tool in order
      to elucidate the biological significance of terminal and subterminal sugars.

PMID- 3835825
TI  - Biochemical mechanisms of resistance to tiazofurin.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to examine factors which regulate the
      reprogramming of gene expression in tumors responsible for resistance to
      tiazofurin. To study the resistance phenomenon drug-induced tumor lines were
      selected and examined for the mechanism of resistance. A comparison of the
      biochemical expression of resistance to tiazofurin in drug-induced resistant
      lines of hepatoma 3924A, leukemias L1210 and P388 revealed that the 3 lines
      expressed similar genetic alterations related to reduced TAD content, decreased
      NAD pyrophosphorylase activity and increased synthesis of guanylates from
      salvaging preformed guanine indicating that these 3 factors play an important
      role in the resistance to tiazofurin. Resistance was stable in the leukemia lines
      and did not require drug to maintain resistance. Hepatoma 3924A resistant line
      reverted to sensitive state in the absence of drug selection pressure. NAD
      pyrophosphorylase activity was substantially deleted in the tiazofurin resistant
      leukemia lines, but was only significantly decreased in the hepatoma resistant
      line. Extensive biochemical alterations including enhanced activity of IMP
      dehydrogenase, increased inosinate and guanylate pools, and reduced uptake of
      tiazofurin were found in the hepatoma line resistant to tiazofurin. To examine
      the applicability of these results to naturally sensitive and spontaneously
      resistant tumors, murine tumors were examined. In murine tumors, TAD
      accumulation, ratios of enzyme activities responsible for the synthesis and
      degradation of TAD, and the ratios of perturbation of inosinate and guanylate
      pools following tiazofurin challenge demonstrated significant correlation with
      the sensitive or resistant nature of the tumors. To extrapolate these
      observations to human tumor systems, cytotoxicity of tiazofurin and its metabolic
      effects were compared in 6 human lung cancer cell lines derived from cancer
      patients with small cell lung cancer (4 lines) and lung adenocarcinoma (2 lines).
      Cell lines exhibiting greater sensitivity to tiazofurin accumulated significantly
      larger amounts of TAD and showed significant reduction of guanylate pools
      following tiazofurin incubation. The activity of the enzyme responsible for the
      formation of TAD, NAD pyrophosphorylase, did not correlate with responsiveness to
      tiazofurin but the enzyme which hydrolyzes TAD, TADase, correlated positively
      with the status of resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3835824
TI  - Potentiation of antimetabolite action by uridylate trapping.
AB  - Uridylate-trapping analogs of D-galactose or D-glucose divert the uridylate
      moiety of UDPglucose and/or UTP to UDP-sugar analogs that accumulate while the
      pools of UTP and of related pyrimidine nucleotides are depleted. The uridylate
      trapping action of sugar analogs is determined by the enzyme pattern of the
      target tissue. D-Galactose analogs are preferentially metabolized by hepatoma
      cells and hepatocytes. TA3-mammary tumor cells are susceptible to the action of D
      glucosamine and other D-glucose analogs. A high rate of de novo pyrimidine
      synthesis and/or an active salvage of extracellular uridine compensate for the
      uridylate-trapping action of sugar analogs and prevent depletion of UTP pools.
      Accordingly, synergistic actions are induced by combining sugar analogs, such as
      D-galactosamine or D-glucosamine, with inhibitors of de novo pyrimidine
      synthesis, such as lapachol or 6-azauridine. Uridylate-trapping by D
      galactosamine, acting on hepatocytes, shifts the balance between uridine
      consumption and uridine release by the liver and results in a fall of uridine and
      cytidine concentrations in blood plasma (20). Cultured hepatocytes produce
      uridine and cytidine. Combination of 5-fluorouridine with sugar analogs results
      in the formation of fluorinated UDP-sugar analogs in hepatoma cells or in mammary
      tumor cells. Formation of FUDP-sugar analogs transiently removes intracellular
      FUTP, but FUDP can be released subsequently in glycosyltransferase reactions
      (22). Pretreatment of hepatoma cells or of TA3-mammary tumor cells with an
      uridylate-trapping sugar analog in combination with an inhibitor of de novo
      pyrimidine synthesis enhances the uptake of 5-fluorouridine, its incorporation
      into RNA, and its growth inhibitory effect. The chemotherapeutic action of 5
      fluorouridine in rats and mice, carrying the AS-30D and the TA3 ascites tumor,
      respectively, is significantly improved by pretreatment with an amino sugar
      together with 6-azauridine.

PMID- 3835826
TI  - [Problems of drug therapy in pregnancy. Interference of drugs and hormones on the
      development of the central nervous system and behavior (bibliographic review)].

PMID- 3835827
TI  - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation in obstetrics].

PMID- 3835828
TI  - [Varices in pregnancy (an up-date)].

PMID- 3835829
TI  - [Pregnancy in mastectomy patients].

PMID- 3835830
TI  - [Cancer of the breast in pregnancy and the puerperium].

PMID- 3835832
TI  - [Pregnancy in the adolescent: clinical and psychological aspects].

PMID- 3835831
TI  - [Contraception and the desire for pregnancy in the adolescent].

PMID- 3835833
TI  - [Pregnancy in the adolescent: clinical results of a retrospective study].

PMID- 3835834
TI  - [Synthesis of fluorinated alkyl alpha-cyanoacrylates: setting an experimental
      procedure].

PMID- 3835835
TI  - [Experimental infection of mice by entomopathogenic rickettsia: Rickettsiella
      grylli. Infestation by the intraperitoneal route. Acute phase].

PMID- 3835836
TI  - [Cytostatic activity of Viscum cruciatum Sieber on cellular cultures. Acute
      toxicity].

PMID- 3835837
TI  - [Antiaggregant action on human platelets of a series of asymmetric triazines].

PMID- 3835838
TI  - [Cardiovascular effects of hyperoside extracted from hawthorn in anesthetized
      dogs].

PMID- 3835839
TI  - [Action of glycerolformal on the cardiovascular system].

PMID- 3835840
TI  - [Alkaloids of Neisosperma kilneri (F.V. Mueller) Fosbert and Sachet].

PMID- 3835841
TI  - [Flavonoids of Glycoxylon huberi Ducke].

PMID- 3835842
TI  - Netherlands Society for Microbiology. Meetings, 16 February 1984-14 November
      1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3835843
TI  - Synaptic effects elicited in the Retzius cells of the leech Hirudo medicinalis by
      stimulation of the segmental roots.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the segmental roots of each ganglion of Hirudo
      medicinalis, elicits in both Retzius' cells inhibitory and excitatory effects.
      The IPSP and EPSP are chemical in nature, being dependent on the membrane
      potential, and suppressed by high Mg++. Selective inactivation of one RC shows
      that the responses of the contralateral RC are not due to electrotonic coupling
      between the two cells, but to synaptic actions impinging upon the membrane of
      both RCs. The two synaptic potentials appear to be mediated by two set of fibres
      with a different threshold to electrical stimulation. Their actions on the RCs
      appear to be polysynaptic on the basis of central latency. Simultaneous
      stimulation of two roots shows evidence for occlusion for IPSP and summation for
      EPSP, confirming the polysynaptic nature of the effects. The possible functional
      significance of the inhibitory and excitatory pathways, is discussed.

PMID- 3835844
TI  - Influences of neck vibration on lower limb extensor muscles in man.
AB  - The effects of neck vibration were studied in ten healthy subjects standing in
      unrestrained or restrained conditions. An involuntary slow and gradual
      displacement of the body axis associated with a subjective experience of forward
      tilt occurred during vibration of the dorsal surface of the neck. This effect was
      associated with a decreased tonic contration of the antigravitary lower limb
      musculature. The amplitude of the H-reflex from the soleus muscle, recorded at
      progressively increasing time interval after the onset of the vibratory stimulus,
      showed complex interactions: in particular, in unrestrained conditions an early
      inhibitory phase occurred at about 100 msec, followed by a short-lasting
      facilitatory phase between 150-300 msec and by a late long-lasting excitatory
      component which started 500-600 msec after the onset of vibratory stimulus. In
      restrained subjects, the late excitatory phase disappeared and was substituted by
      a delayed depression. In this instance, the short-lasting facilitatory phase
      appeared to be superimposed on a background of inhibition. The effects produced
      by the neck input on the H-reflex were attenuated during vibration of the dorsal
      muscolature at L4-L5. The mechanisms involved in the cervical control of posture
      and reflex movements following neck vibration are discussed.

PMID- 3835845
TI  - Morpho-functional effects of kainic acid injection into the cat's pulvinar
      lateralis posterior nucleus complex.
AB  - The histological, electroencephalographic, behavioral changes as well as the
      changes in the intensity threshold of stimulation necessary to induce
      contralateral turning were studied in 16 cats, in which kainic acid (KA) was
      injected locally into the pulvinar-lateralis posterior nucleus complex (P-LP). In
      13 cats a stainless-steel tube with two attached electrodes was implanted in P
      LP, and electrodes were also implanted in the ipsilateral dorsal hippocampus, the
      superior colliculus and the caudate nucleus. KA was injected through the tube
      using a 10 microliters Hamilton syringe. In other 3 cats, KA was injected
      stereotaxically through the needle of the Hamilton syringe and two electrodes
      were implanted in these areas after withdrawal of the syringe. The intensity
      thresholds of stimulation required to induce turning behavior were controlled
      before and after KA administration in the 13 cats with an implanted tube and only
      after KA injections in the three cats without a tube; in these instances the
      current threshold of the contralateral P-LP served as control. The histological
      results showed a moderate KA damage of the P-LP, with destruction of neuronal
      soma and gliosis and additional involvement, in all the experiments, of the
      dorsal hippocampus; however, passage fibers were spared by the lesions. A dose
      dependent epileptic effect of KA was seen, which was slight with the 3 micrograms
      dose and intense with 6 micrograms. The EEG recording showed a prominent and
      almost simultaneous epileptic involvement of the hippocampus and the P-LP after
      KA, with less involvement of the other implanted structures. Turning behavior
      induced by electrical stimulation of the P-LP was suppressed when the electrode
      tip was located inside the lesioned area. When the electrode tip was placed
      inside a slight or moderate damaged tissue, a significative increase in current
      threshold was found, and finally when the tip of the electrode was outside the
      lesioned area no change in threshold was observed. These findings do not
      contradict our previous hypothesis of an intrinsic cholinergic mechanism involved
      in the turning response evoked by P-LP electrical stimulation, although it cannot
      be excluded that fibers coming presumably from the superior colliculus or
      pretectum may contribute to the response.

PMID- 3835846
TI  - [Ventricular tachycardia mediated by a sequential AV pacemaker and caused by
      ventricular depolarization. Report of a case].

PMID- 3835847
TI  - [Mitral valve aneurysm associated with persistent common atrioventricular canal
      of partial form. Report of a case].

PMID- 3835848
TI  - [Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in brothers. A case report].

PMID- 3835849
TI  - [Degenerative calcification of the aortic valve and atrioventricular conduction
      system. A case report].

PMID- 3835850
TI  - [Idiopathic hemochromatosis with rapid evolution of heart failure. A case
      report].

PMID- 3835851
TI  - [Evaluation of myocardial infarction size after reperfusion].

PMID- 3835852
TI  - [Sudden death during sport activity].

PMID- 3835853
TI  - [QT interval and ventricular tachycardia in acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3835854
TI  - [Importance of the maintenance of atrioventricular synchronism in the treatment
      of sick sinus syndrome].

PMID- 3835855
TI  - [Acute myocardial infarction in patients under 50. Clinical and epidemiological
      aspects].

PMID- 3835856
TI  - [Arterial microanastomosis with laser beams].

PMID- 3835857
TI  - [Changes in left ventricular function in systemic arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3835858
TI  - [Acute effects of dipyridamole on the functional performance and synergism
      changes of the left ventricle contraction in patients with ischemic cardiopathy].

PMID- 3835859
TI  - Surgical management of adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease.

PMID- 3835860
TI  - [Sudden cardiac death. Identification of groups of high risk in patients
      hospitalized with precordial pain in a coronary care unit].

PMID- 3835861
TI  - [Myocarditis in the 1st year of life. Report of 2 cases].

PMID- 3835862
TI  - [Rapidly progressive mitral insufficiency during initial manifestation of
      systemic lupus erythematosus. Anatomo-clinical-echocardiographic correlation. A
      case report].

PMID- 3835863
TI  - [Re-entry ventricular tachycardia: new mechanism of ventricular tachycardia. A
      case report].

PMID- 3835864
TI  - [Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital cardiopathies].

PMID- 3835865
TI  - [Behavior of volume, mass, compliance, shortening velocity measures,
      contractility indices and effort (stress) of the left ventricle in chronic mitral
      insufficiency].

PMID- 3835866
TI  - [Changes in the R wave in the V5 lead during stress electrocardiogram as index of
      left ventricular function changes].

PMID- 3835867
TI  - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic pulsed Doppler study of mitral and aortic
      valve diseases].

PMID- 3835868
TI  - [Evaluation of cardiac function by radioisotopic angiography, in patients with
      chronic Chagas cardiopathy].

PMID- 3835869
TI  - [Mitral annular subvalvular aneurysm of the left ventricle. Report of 4 cases].

PMID- 3835870
TI  - [Chylopericardium. A complication following mitral valve replacement. A case
      report].

PMID- 3835871
TI  - [Coronary embolism in a pregnant woman with an aortic disk prosthesis. Report of
      a case].

PMID- 3835872
TI  - [Direct communication between the right branch of the pulmonary artery and the
      left atrium. Report of a case and review of the literature].

PMID- 3835873
TI  - [Excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles. Changes
      of vascular smooth muscle in arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3835874
TI  - [Cardiorespiratory acclimatization of athletes to altitude].

PMID- 3835875
TI  - [Effect of the chronic use of verapamil, by oral route, in patients with primary
      dilated cardiomyopathy: a new therapeutic approach?].

PMID- 3835876
TI  - Proceedings of the Extraordinary International Symposium on Recent Advances in
      Otitis Media with Effusion. Kyoto, 1985.

PMID- 3835877
TI  - Bacterial examination of serous otitis media and experimental tubal stenosis.
AB  - Involvement of bacteria in serous otitis media was studied in man and by animal
      experimentation (using rabbits). Bacteria from the middle ear fluid, the skin of
      the external ear canal and the epipharynx of 100 human ears were cultured.
      Bacteria were also cultured from 50 ears of rabbits with serous otitis media
      induced experimentally by tubal stenosis, in the same way as those taken from
      human ears. Bacteria were detected in the middle ear fluid of 61 human ears
      (61%), and in 48 human ears (48%) except for those with contamination. The
      bacteria detected in the middle ear fluid were the same as those detected in the
      epipharynx in 40 of the 50 rabbit ears during the period from the start of
      treatment to the 30th day. In ears which were treated for more than 30 days, the
      bacteria detected in the middle ear fluid tended not to be the same as those
      detected in the epipharynx. From these results it was inferred that inflammation
      of the epipharynx spread over the middle ear cavity through the auditory tube.

PMID- 3835878
TI  - Epidemiology of acute otitis media in children in an urban population.

PMID- 3835879
TI  - Middle ear pressure in patients with middle ear effusion--direct measurement by
      pressure microtransducer.
AB  - Middle ear pressure in patients with middle ear effusion were measured using a
      microtransducer which developed in our laboratory. Middle ear pressure showed not
      only negative but also positive pressure in these patients. The findings are
      discussed briefly.

PMID- 3835880
TI  - Clinical and experimental studies on the pathogenesis of otitis media with
      effusion.
AB  - Otitis media is the most common pediatric disease as a complication of the upper
      respiratory infection and at least 10% of the otitis prone children will suffer
      from prolonged episodes of minor conductive hearing loss and communication
      disorder due to the presence of middle ear effusion (MEE). In spite of exhaustive
      studies presented in the past three international symposia on otitis media with
      effusion (OME), there still remain wide gaps in our knowledge regarding the etio
      pathogenesis and appropriate treatments of the disease. A couple of years ago, a
      new project of clinical and laboratory researches on OME were initiated in the
      Department of Otolaryngology, Tohoku University School of Medicine and some
      results of the studies have been reported in recent Japanese academy meetings as
      well as in the 2nd and 3rd International Symposium of Recent Advances in OME. The
      purpose of this paper is to summarize the results of our recent studies performed
      by several investigators in our department and related hospitals.

PMID- 3835881
TI  - Pathophysiology of otitis media with effusion: clinical evaluation through some
      qualitative methods.
AB  - In an attempt to elucidate the pathophysiology of otitis media with effusion
      (OME), systematic clinical investigations were undertaken. The high resolution
      computed tomography, tympanogram, tubal inflation and our qualitative tubal
      functioning test were routinely applied to cases of OME, both in children and
      adults. Through these studies, following was concluded: 1. The primary pathology
      involved may be obstructive lesion somewhere in the tubotympanic cleft including
      the epitympanum and the mastoid, which in turn results in negative pressure in
      the middle ear. 2. This negative middle ear pressure may mainly constitute the
      Eustachian tube dysfunction, which is considered to play an important role in the
      pathogenesis of OME. Discussed in detail further will be the importance of
      correcting the negative middle ear pressure substantially for the treatment of
      OME, and also the essence of our qualitative tubal functioning test.

PMID- 3835882
TI  - Evaluation of pharmacological effects on eustachian tube function.

PMID- 3835883
TI  - Oxygenation through the round window membrane and the inner ear function.
AB  - The effect of oxygenation through the round window membrane was estimated using
      polarographic technique and the combined action potential of the inner ear. The
      calculated amount of oxygen permeable through the round window membrane (14% in
      room air and 80% in pure oxygen) revealed to have very limited effect in
      maintaining the inner ear potential. Carbogen inflation in maintaining the N1
      potential during asphyxia was significantly effective only at 8 kHz. Oxygen
      supply by this route, however, may enable the inner ear tissue alive even in
      misery perfusion and recover the high tone potential as a therapy of otitis media
      with effusion.

PMID- 3835884
TI  - The ciliary activity of the middle ear lining--functional and morphological
      observation.
AB  - Since the middle ear lining is an extension and a modification of the respiratory
      mucosa, it is conceivable that it has a mucociliary system and it plays an
      important role in clearance of the tympanic cavity. It was already noted in
      morphological studies that the middle ear lining had ciliated cells. To our
      knowledge, however, ciliary activity has never been observed directly. In the
      present paper, the ciliary activity of the middle ear mucosa was investigated
      directly and quantitatively by the photo-electric method of Ohashi and Nakai. In
      this work, special reference was made to the frequency of ciliary beating at
      various sites within the tympanic cavity. Ciliary activity was found to exist in
      the Eustachian tube and middle ear same as in other respiratory epithelium and
      this activity by ciliated cells was more active as their location became more
      distal to the Eustachian tube. Although the present results are preliminary, the
      techniques used in this study will provide a new avenue of the investigation of
      pathological middle ear lining.

PMID- 3835885
TI  - The ciliary activity of the middle ear lining in some pathological states.
AB  - The ciliary activity in some pathological middle ear lining was discussed with
      special reference to the morphology of the epithelial cells in this paper. The
      changes in ciliary activity due to in vitro Staphylococcus aureus injection did
      not practically show any differences between the sites. On the other hand, the
      time-course changes in ciliary activity after in vivo S. aureus injection were
      found to differ between the sites. Ciliary activity was rather accelerated at the
      proximal site, while it was decelerated at the distal site. Few changes but for
      sporadic small compound cilia were observed at the proximal site, and some
      inflammatory changes were noted at the epithelium of the distal site. SO2
      exposure affected the middle ear lining of rabbits. Fourteen days after 4 week's
      exposure to SO2, the middle ear lining displayed declined ciliary activity and
      many signs suggestive of secretory asthenia. In addition, the middle ear lining
      of rabbits given about 600 mg carbocysteine, both during and 2 weeks after the
      exposure displayed excellent ciliary activity and normal morphology of the
      epithelial structure.

PMID- 3835886
TI  - Rheological properties of middle ear effusion and their role on mucociliary
      clearance.
AB  - The viscoelastic properties of freshly harvested middle ear effusion (MEE) from
      children were determined by an oscillating sphere magnetic rheometer and compared
      with transportability of MEE on mucus-depleted frog palate. The elastic modulus
      (G') at 1 Hz of MEE from 43 untreated ear was ranged from 1.9 to 1,790 dyn/cm2
      and the mean value was 28.4 dyn/cm2. The dynamic viscosity (eta') at 1 Hz of the
      same samples was ranged from 0.2 to 146 poise with the mean value of 3.4 poise. A
      maximum value of transport was obtained at G' of about 20 dyn/cm2, and below this
      value there was a significant positive correlation between the transport rate and
      log G'. Above 20 dyn/cm2, the negative correlation between the transport rate and
      log G' was significant. A similar significant correlation between the transport
      rate and log eta' was observed.

PMID- 3835887
TI  - A role of surface tension lowering substance in eustachian tube function.

PMID- 3835888
TI  - Pharmacological characterization of receptors on blood vessels in the tympanic
      membrane involved in otitis media.
AB  - Acetylcholine dropped onto the meatal surface of the tympanic membrane evoked
      vasodilatation and a vascular leakage to the middle ear cavity. The vasoreactions
      were atropine-resistant. Substance P and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)
      injected intravenously caused a marked vascular leakage and VIP also
      vasodilatation. These blood vessel changes seem to be regulated by the
      parasympathetic nerves as they were inhibited by vagotomy. Constriction of the
      tympanic membrane vessels was mediated through alpha-receptors.

PMID- 3835889
TI  - Fibrinolytic activity of middle ear fluid in otitis media with effusion.
AB  - In order to investigate the prolonged factors of otitis media with effusion,
      hydrolytic activities for specific substrates of plasmin and plasminogen
      activator (P.G.-activator) and the activity for fibrin degradation (fibrinolysis)
      were measured. Materials were middle ear fluids of 36 cases diagnosed as
      unilateral otitis media with effusion. Age of the patients were from 28 to 88
      years old (mean: 61.3). Using specific substrates, determinations of P.G.
      activator activity and plasmin activity were made by the method of Claeson et al.
      and fibrinolysis was determined by the standard fibrin plate. The results are
      shown below: 1) Both activities for decomposition of amide against the specific
      substrates of plasmin and of P.G.-activator were revealed. 2) Concerning
      fibrinolysis in all cases, we divided them into 3 groups; fibrinolysis (-) group
      of 8 cases (22.2%) which could not dissolve fibrin at all, fibrinolysis (+) group
      of 17 cases (47.2%) which could dissolve fibrin. Fibrinolysis (+/-) group of 11
      cases (30.6%) of which the presence of fibrin dissolution was unknown. 3) The
      progress of fibrinolysis was observed by serial collection of middle ear fluid in
      the same side ear of 5 cases out of 17 cases having much activity for fibrin
      degradation, and lowering of fibrinolytic activity was revealed in 4 out of these
      5 cases as the result. On the basis of these results, we discussed on the process
      of prolongation in this disease from the standpoint of the presence of
      fibrinolytic activity in the middle ear fluid.

PMID- 3835890
TI  - The significance of protease inhibitors in the pathogenesis of otitis media with
      effusion.
AB  - Concentration of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
      (alpha 1-AChyT), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (I-alpha-I), and alpha 2
      macroglobulin (alpha 2-M) was measured in 27 serous middle ear effusions (MEEs)
      from 24 adult patients. The presence of protease-inhibitor complex was analyzed
      by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). Mean concentration of alpha 1-AT was 361
      +/- 90.0 mg/dl and was higher than that of other inhibitors: alpha 1-AChyT, 80.6
      +/- 40.7; I-alpha-I, 21.3 +/- 21.5; alpha 2-M, 59.5 +/- 57.1. Molar concentration
      of alpha 2-M was the lowest. Most of alpha 1-AT and alpha 1-AChyT in MEEs were
      unsaturated; free inhibitors. Alpha-1-AT could be saturated by trypsin and
      elastase immediately, and only alpha 2-M could be saturated by papain (classical
      thiol protease). Serous MEEs have high anti-trypsin activity attributed to mainly
      free alpha 1-AT. Since level of alpha 2-M was very low, lysosomal thiol proteases
      could be one of the major proteases inducing proteolytic damage to middle ear
      mucosa.

PMID- 3835891
TI  - Cholesterol crystals in middle ear effusions and granulomas.
AB  - Pathomorphological investigations of the cholesterol crystals were carried out in
      the middle ear effusions and cholesterol granulomas of experimented animals and
      humans. The shape and size of the cholesterol crystals were variable, depending
      upon the surrounding substances. In the middle ear effusions, the crystals formed
      rather large rectangular structures, which tended to become smaller and thinner,
      as the granulomas developed. In the compact granulomas, the crystals appeared
      smaller, thinner and deformed, suggesting that they may possible be dissolved by
      a phagocytosis of active giant cells.

PMID- 3835892
TI  - Location of intravenously injected kanamycin sulfate in the middle ear mucosa.
AB  - Twelve guinea pigs were treated with intravenous kanamycin sulfate (KM) and
      sacrificed 2, 5, 10, and 30 min later to investigate its location in the middle
      ear mucosa, especially in the Eustachian tube (ET). Immunological examinations
      evidenced KM in the epithelial and subepithelial layers of the ET on each
      occasion of observation. But, it was never recognized in the tubal gland. These
      observations might indicate that clinically used drugs easily get to the ET
      except for the tubal gland which might have some barrier mechanism against
      foreign bodies.

PMID- 3835893
TI  - Experimental otitis media with effusion induced by electron beam irradiation to
      pharyngeal orifice of auditory tube in guinea pig.

PMID- 3835894
TI  - A study in children on the inhibited pneumatization of the mastoid in otitis
      media with effusion.

PMID- 3835895
TI  - Postnatal development of the eustachian tube and its surrounding structures--a
      preliminary study.

PMID- 3835896
TI  - Cytological and histopathological studies of otitis media with effusion.
AB  - Middle ear fluid contains such cells as neutrophils, macrophages, and
      lymphocytes. There have been numerous reports dealing with these cellular
      components in the fluid. This study was undertaken to investigate interrelation
      between the type of predominant cells in the fluid and the stage of disease in
      adults and children. The study also included bacterial isolation from fluid for
      comparison of detection rates between adults and children, and microscopic
      examination of temporal bone from 2 adult patients with otitis media with
      effusion complicating tumors of head and neck. Thirty-two ears of adult patients
      and 40 ears of children both having received myringotomy were studied. The fluid
      specimens were obtained from middle ears examined microscopically with May-Giemsa
      stain and with alpha-Naphthyl butyrate esterase and Naphtohol AS-D chloroacetate
      double stains for identification of macrophages. Histopathological studies of the
      temporal bone were examined with hematoxylineosin stain. In adults, neutrophils
      were predominant in the fluid of 54.5% of subacute cases while the predominant
      cell type was macrophages in 45% of chronic cases. Neutrophils were the
      predominant type in 62.2% of children with chronic stage. Bacteria were
      demonstrated in 26.0% of the adult cases and in 21.6% of the children. By
      histopathological examination of the temporal bones, neutrophils were found in
      the fluid of case 1, and a large number of macrophages in the fluid and fibrosis
      of the tympanic cavity were found in case 2.

PMID- 3835897
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic study of human eustachian tube epithelium: aging
      and pathologic changes.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopic study of human Eustachian tube epithelium showed
      that numerous secretory cells and compound cilia were observed mostly in children
      while with advancing age squamous or cuboidal cells were largely increased in
      contrast with decreasing number of ciliated and secretory cells. In the cases of
      otitis media with effusion, findings were characterized by the mucous
      hypersecretion and abnormal cilia. Thus, mucociliary function of the tubal
      epithelium may easily be impaired in children and elderly adults, and the
      accumulation of fluid may consequently be induced in the middle ear cavity.

PMID- 3835898
TI  - The common site for otitis media in human temporal bones--a quantitative
      histopathological study.

PMID- 3835899
TI  - Histopathology of otitis media with effusion: electron microscope study of human
      temporal bones.

PMID- 3835900
TI  - The infant eustachian tube lumen--pharyngeal part.
AB  - A study of Eustachian tube measurement in infants and children is presented. The
      study included 33 Eustachian tubes from normal temporal bones and 10 Eustachian
      tubes from temporal bones harboring acute otitis media. The temporal bones
      underwent histologic serial sectioning. The lumen of the first portion of the
      Eustachian tubes, i.e., the pharyngeal part, was measured with the aid of a grid
      mounted on a microscope. These measurements show: A) the Eustachian tube lumen
      grows and enlarges to a small degree with age; B) each age group presents a
      considerable variation in the range of the area of the lumen compatible with
      natural biological distribution; C) no statistical difference was found in the
      size of the pharyngeal portion of the lumen of the Eustachian tube from temporal
      bones which have acute otitis media when compared with lumens of the pharyngeal
      portion of Eustachian tubes coming from non-pathological ears.

PMID- 3835901
TI  - Secretory IgA, secretory component and pathogen specific antibodies in the middle
      ear effusion during an attack of acute and secretory otitis media.
AB  - The total concentration of secretory IgA (SIgA) and secretory component (SC) as
      well as the occurrence of pathogen specific serum type (IgG, IgA and IgM) and
      secretory type antibodies against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus
      influenzae in the middle ear effusion during an attack of otitis media were
      studied by using the ELISA method. The middle ear effusion samples were taken at
      2 to 4 weeks' intervals from patients with recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM) or
      secretory otitis media (SOM). In the samples of the RAOM patients the SC/SIgA
      ratio was 2.2, while in the SOM samples the ratio was 13.6. Both serum and
      secretory type antibodies to the infecting bacteria could be detected in the
      middle ear effusions in both of the patient groups. The results of this study
      show that the middle ear can develop antigenic specific antibodies against the
      infecting bacteria. The increased production of SC seems to be related to the
      pathogenesis of SOM.

PMID- 3835902
TI  - Experimental studies on immunogenesis of otitis media with effusion.
AB  - In order to investigate otitis media with effusion from the systemic perspective,
      we have studied histological reactions of the mucous membrane in the both middle
      ears in the sensitized animals. Guinea pigs were initially immunized by injection
      of BSA conjugated with alum (BSA-alum) into unilateral tympanic cavity. The
      second challenge of BSA-alum was performed on the seventh day after primary
      sensitization under an appropriate schedule. The guinea pigs were sacrificed for
      histological examination at 3 days after the second administration. Histological
      changes of the middle ear mucosa in the sensitized ear were characterized by
      hypertrophy of mucosa with fibrosis. Numerous mononuclear cells also existed. In
      non-sensitized ear (opposite side), the changes were edema of the mucosa showing
      mild proliferation of fibroblast and vasodilation. Mainly mononuclear cells were
      scattered. It was noted that these reactions were weaker than those of the
      sensitized ear.

PMID- 3835903
TI  - Complement anaphylatoxins activity in middle ear effusion.
AB  - There are various theories on the causes of otitis media with effusion. The exact
      pathogenesis, however, still remains unknown, while the causes have been so far
      elucidated and studied by many researchers. This disease occurs frequently in
      children, showing an increasing trend, often causes subsequent deafness, and its
      treatment takes a long time causing social hardships. Therefore it is urgent to
      elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study the C3a and C5a
      fragments of complements from middle ear fluids, most closely related to the
      inflammatory reaction, were measured. The subjects were patients with otitis
      media with effusion consisting of 5 children and 9 adults. All cases showed
      retraction in the tympanic membrane findings, B type in the tympanogram
      classification, and serous type in the properties of middle ear fluids. CRP,
      alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-, gamma-globulin, neutrocytes, and lymphocytes in serum
      were normal when examined, and C3, C4, C3a, C5a, and CH50 were normal as well.
      Extremely high values of C3a and C5a in middle ear fluids were observed. The
      values of C3a were 18,000 ng/ml at maximum, 5,800 ng/ml at minimum, and 9,293
      ng/ml on average. The values of C5a were 86, 20, and 55 ng/ml, respectively. No
      difference between childhood and adult cases was observed, in spite of
      differences in the underlying diseases among them. The above results revealed
      that an extremely intensive inflammatory reaction may take place in the middle
      ear, and that anaphylatoxin might play an important role as a delayed factor in
      otitis media with effusion.

PMID- 3835904
TI  - Cytological study and chemotactic activity in middle ear effusion.
AB  - A cellular analysis of 330 middle ear effusions (MEEs) from children with otitis
      media with effusion (OME) was performed with the use of cytocentrifuge prepared
      smears and the results were compared with their clinical data. Chemotactic
      activity in MEE was also determined with the use of agarose assay and compared
      with their cytological results. In the acute group the cellular pattern of MEE
      was mainly the neutrophil dominant type which was observed in 60% of this group.
      In the chronic group the percentage of this type of MEE decreased but was still
      present in 25% of them. High chemotactic activity was frequently observed
      especially in neutrophil dominant type MEE.

PMID- 3835905
TI  - Perilymph antigen and antibody levels following an immunologically-induced middle
      ear effusion.

PMID- 3835906
TI  - Type II collagen induced autoimmune salpingitis in the rat.
AB  - Previous studies showed type II collagen induced autoimmune salpingitis in Wistar
      rats. In this study we increased the number of animals and investigated whether
      or not type II collagen induced salpingitis is transferable by immune sera.
      Histopathological observations of salpingitis in the serum transferred rats were
      similar to those observed in the immunized rats but the degree of otopathological
      changes was less than that of immunized rats. Electronmicroscopic findings
      indicate an increased permeability in the capillaries and intercellular space and
      cellular infiltration in the submucosa of the immunized rats.

PMID- 3835907
TI  - Type II collagen induced tympanosclerosis model in guinea pigs.

PMID- 3835908
TI  - The role of eustachian tube dysfunction in immune-mediated middle ear effusion
      and inflammation.

PMID- 3835909
TI  - Otoscopic findings in a group of schoolchildren in Kuwait.
AB  - Middle ear diseases are the most common cause of hearing impairment in children.
      Therefore, we found it important to conduct a study to reveal the frequency of
      different middle ear conditions. Using an otoscope with a magnifying lens 826
      children in their second grade of primary school were examined. Various kinds of
      ear canal and middle ear pathology were found. An extremely high percentage (41%)
      of the 1,652 examined ears did show significant pathology. The different findings
      will be presented and comparison with other similar studies will be done.

PMID- 3835910
TI  - Atelectatic ear and pathologic nasopharynx.
AB  - Pathologic relation between atelectatic ears and their nasopharynx were
      investigated in 50 patients with various degrees of atelectatic ears by
      transnasal fibrescope and C.T. And their morbid adenoids were compared with the
      adenoids of 20 patients with mouth breathing but free from ear problems. The
      process of drum bulging after catheterization, retraction after inflation, and
      inward movement during swallowing, proved that intratympanic pressure was
      influenced by nasopharyngeal pressure produced by swallowing, and that Eustachian
      tube itself was functioning to the pressure. Intratympanic negative pressure was
      proved by the movement of blue solution after the puncture of 5 atelectatic ear
      with effusion. And more dynamic negative pressure produced by swallowing was
      demonstrated in 5 other cases. The morbid adenoid with atelectatic eardrum was
      differentiated from the large posterior type of adenoid of the healthy eardrum,
      by the pendulous projection over the choana especially in swallowing. A dynamic
      vacuum caused by "Toynbee phenomenon" is discussed.

PMID- 3835911
TI  - The atelectatic ear and its classification.
AB  - Atelectasis of the middle ear cavity occurs in advanced chronic otitis media with
      effusion. Atelectasis with effusion may progress to atelectasis without effusion,
      and further possible complications include adhesive otitis, ossicular disruption,
      cholesteatoma, and sensorineural hearing loss. A classification is presented of
      the various sequelae of otitis media with effusion under the basic concept of the
      atelectatic ear because most of the sequelae observed had developed through the
      atelectatic ear. This classification depends on localization of the main
      pathology, i.e. the tympanic membrane, middle ear or inner ear.

PMID- 3835912
TI  - Exogenous hyaluronic acid (Healon) accelerates the healing of experimental
      myringotomies.
AB  - Topical application of hyaluronic acid (Healon) onto the borders of rat tympanic
      membrane perforations accelerated the rate of wound healing. The closure time was
      roughly 60% of that of the untreated perforations. Epithelial cells fused with
      opposing cells slightly in advance of supporting connective tissue and thus
      bridged the remaining gap. It seems as if hyaluronic acid, topically applied, can
      serve as a supporting and orienting matrix for the proliferating squamous
      epithelium.

PMID- 3835913
TI  - Daily impedance audiometric screening of children in a day-care institution.
AB  - Fifty-seven children in a fairly new day-care institution were examined daily by
      impedance audiometry for 4 weeks. A Madsen Electronics ZS 330 tympanoscope was
      used. The tympanometric curves were divided into types A, C1, C2, and B.
      Completely flat curves and cases in which the compliance was less than 0.25 ml,
      combined with an absent ipsilateral stapedial reflex, were also interpreted as
      type B. The object was to ascertain how quickly the types changed and how stable
      the B curves were. A total of 43 episodes of B curves occurred. Of them, 16
      lasted for only 1 day and thereafter 9 became quite flat. Only a few lasted for 8
      23 days and 8 continued for 26 days or longer.

PMID- 3835914
TI  - Forward-backward tracing tympanometry in the diagnosis of middle ear pressure.
AB  - Two tympanograms (TG) were routinely recorded on each ear by changing the
      pressure in the external auditory meatus (EAM), one in the decreasing (forward
      tracing: TG-F) followed by the other in the increasing direction (backward
      tracing: TG-B). Both TG were drawn on the same chart and the peak locations were
      compared. In a normal ear the TG-F peak tended to be formed in the negative
      pressure area and that of TG-B in the positive area. In a model whose middle ear
      pressure (MEP) was adjusted to the atmospheric pressure, the TG-F peak always
      indicated a negative pressure and that of TG-B a positive pressure value. As long
      as the same model was used, the magnitude of peak shift was identical
      irrespective of the middle ear pressure. The magnitude of the peak shift was
      influenced by the speed of EAM pressure change and a linear increase was observed
      up to the speed of 70 mmH2O/sec, both in a normal ear and a model. These findings
      seem to suggest that the peak location of a unidirectionally drawn TG can not be
      regarded as indicating the precise MEP. A valid MEP can better be estimated by
      averaging the peak pressure of TG-F and TG-B of forward-backward tracing
      tympanogram. In ears with pathology considerable variation was noted in the
      magnitude of the peak shift, so that relying solely on unidirectionally drawn TG
      could have lead to misdiagnosis in some cases. This was especially true with ears
      having small perforations covered with granulation or fluid.

PMID- 3835915
TI  - Tympanograms of otitis media with effusion: an experimental study.
AB  - A sufficient explanation concerning tympanogram (TG) of otitis media with
      effusion (OME) has not been reported. The purpose of the present study was to
      investigate the relationship between the types of TG and actual pathological
      status of the middle ear system by means of experimentally modified middle ear
      clefts. In the present experiments, human temporal bones, guinea pigs' bullae and
      plastic models were used. The results were as follows: (1) Water was gradually
      poured into the middle ear cleft through the Eustachian tube. When the water
      level rose above the umbo, the height of TG slightly exceeded that of the
      original TG. Further addition of water produced M-shaped TG, however, flat TG
      (type B) was not detected until the water-line nearly reached the aditus. A
      similar phenomenon was observed in the plastic models when the water level
      reached the aditus-equivalent-site. (2) Tympanometrically measured middle ear
      pressure (MEP) was almost equivalent to the actual MEP recorded by a manometer
      when the tympanic membrane was normal. However, this result could not be
      duplicated in flaccid or adhesive tympanic membrane cases. (3) A clear reduction
      in the height of TG in guinea pigs' bullae was observed with decreased air
      volume. In addition, shallow TG was produced by an occlusion of the aditus of the
      human temporal bones and of the aditus-equivalent-site of the plastic models. It
      was demonstrated that the TG pattern depends on the fluid volume and location,
      air volume of mastoid cavity, intratympanic pressure and eardrum
      condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3835916
TI  - Long-term results of ventilation tube for otitis media with effusion in children.

PMID- 3835917
TI  - Effect of adenoidectomy on eustachian tube function.

PMID- 3835918
TI  - The long term effect of adenoidectomy on established otitis media with effusion
      in children.
AB  - Adenoidectomy is a recommended treatment for otitis media with effusion (OME).
      This work up-dates a previous report and includes a larger number of 155 cases.
      Surgery has been allocated at random with a control non-adenoidectomy group. The
      study is prospective and allows for a wide variety of variables. These include
      age, sex, adenoid size, seasonal variation, observer accuracy, and spontaneous
      resolution. Adenoidectomy results in clearance of OME even one year following
      operation in 31-45% of cases. Clearance is related to the duration of history of
      hearing loss though this may reflect on age effect. Tonsillectomy provides no
      additional benefit.

PMID- 3835919
TI  - Long term follow-up of secretory otitis media in children: the effects of
      adenotonsillectomy with insertion of a ventilation tube.
AB  - The long term effects of adenotonsillectomy and ventilation tube were studied in
      78 children with serous otitis media. Duration of postoperative follow-up range
      from 2 to 8 years, with an average of 4.5 years. Repeated preoperative and
      postoperative pure tone audiometry as well as otoscopic examinations under a
      microscope were undertaken routinely for the assessment of the progress or
      improvement of the disorder. Three months after the operation, an average
      improvement of the hearing thresholds was 16.3 dB. However, it was 20.3 dB in the
      final examination. Under the otoscopic examinations, 35% of the ears were noted
      to have various kinds of pathological changes. Tympanic atelectasis of Grade I
      and II (Sade) was noted in 17% of all the ears. Retraction pocket of the pars
      flaccida was found in 2%, permanent perforation in 4% and cholesteatoma in 2% of
      these ears.

PMID- 3835920
TI  - Tympanostomy tubes prevent the development of experimentally induced purulent
      otitis media.
AB  - Cleavage of the soft palate will cause purulent otitis media bilaterally in 100%
      of experimental animals (the rat) within 2 weeks. In this model a tympanostomy
      tube was inserted unilaterally. At 2, 7, and 21 days after the surgery the middle
      ear status was mapped in the otomicroscope and microbiological samples collected
      from the middle ear cavities and the nasopharynx. All intact ears became infected
      and developed purulent otitis media. Most of the tubulated ears exhibited normal
      middle ear cavities and remained culture negative. The few ventilated ears which
      were infected, however, showed a lower bacterial count than the corresponding
      intact ear. Thus in this model the insertion of a tympanostomy tube prevents the
      purulent otitis media from occurring.

PMID- 3835921
TI  - Limitation of long term ventilation tube: in view of complications and hearing
      restoration.
AB  - The silicon-rubber T-tube was applied to 181 ears in 116 patients with chronic
      otitis media with effusion within last 5 years. Among the 181 ears, 81 (46%)
      accepted the T-tube without problems. In the remaining 97 ears, complications
      such as otorrhea, occlusion of the tube, extrusion of the tube, enlarged
      perforation and cholesteatoma occurred. However, in 161 ears (89%), the tube
      could be stabilized in the middle ear and functioned as ventilating tube beyond 3
      months. Based on the incidence and prognosis of the ears with the complications
      and the results of hearing, we conclude that insertion of the T-tube is valuable
      and reliable method of treatment in the ears with retractions or atelectasis but
      in the ears with adhesion or granulation, this method of treatment has only
      limited value.

PMID- 3835922
TI  - When to remove the ventilation tube--judgement using T-tube on the time to remove
      the tube.

PMID- 3835923
TI  - Statistical aspects of interpreting the results of clinical trials for OME.

PMID- 3835924
TI  - Treatment of otitis media with effusion.
AB  - It seems probable that otitis media with effusion (OME) arises from acute OM and
      cannot be mistaken for suppurative OM since its inflammation recedes to a lesser
      degree. Accordingly, my concept for treatment of patients with OME focuses on the
      inflammation. The purpose of this paper is to describe treatment on the basis of
      this concept. 1) Frequent lavages are extremely helpful in the amelioration of
      sinusitis in children. 2) Adenoidectomy should be performed after the condition
      of sinusitis has improved. 3) Salpingitis should be treated by Eustachian
      catheterization in combination with antral lavage. 4) Patients should be
      classified as one of two groups for treatment of the middle ear and mastoid: mild
      cases and severe cases. In mild cases, the lesions in the middle ear and mastoid
      are considered to be reversible; the lesions are treated by paracentesis and
      aspiration of effusion. In severe cases, with cholesterol crystal deposits and/or
      resistance to conservative therapy, and in any case in which lesions are
      considered to be irreversible, conservative treatment following total
      mastoidectomy is recommended. 5) In young children with OME, observation is
      required until about 8 years of age, since proper treatment of relapses or
      exacerbation should be carried out as early as possible.

PMID- 3835925
TI  - On fluctuation of hearing in otitis media with effusion after myringotomy.
AB  - Otitis media with effusion (OME) is known to occur in school or preschool
      children. Its chief symptom is hearing disturbance without otalgia. One of its
      effective therapies is myringotomy and suction of secretion out of its morbid
      tympanic cavities. This improvement differs with frequencies. The purpose of this
      paper is to present the mechanism of hearing recovery after myringotomy. The mean
      audiogram of OME showed a flat shape with 0 dB of bone conduction and 37.5 dB of
      air conduction. Hearing level after myringotomy recovered at high tones, but not
      recovered at low ones. One week later, the mean audiogram without perforations of
      eardrums showed hearing improvement at low tones. These findings suggested that
      slower recovery at low tones might be due to incision of an eardrum and closure
      of its perforation. To confirm this hypothesis we performed an experiment, by
      which the vibratory mechanism of a thin membrane was disclosed. The result showed
      that the vibratory modality of a membrane was influenced by incision of it. In
      conclusion, it is considered that though myringotomy of OME gets hearing
      improvement, it could result in hearing impairment, probably due to the vibratory
      modality of an eardrum.

PMID- 3835926
TI  - Histopathological changes of the eustachian tube in OME animal models.
AB  - To determine whether or not stimulations of various inflammatory irritants such
      as endotoxin and/or immune complexes (IC) play a role in the pathogenesis of
      otitis media with effusion (OME), experimental animal models were examined under
      light and electron microscopy. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was chosen as an
      antigen and anti-HRP sera were obtained from the animals immunized by emulsions
      of HRP and Freund's complete adjuvant. Seventy-three albino guinea pigs and 41
      chinchillas were used in this experiments. One hundred and fourteen animals were
      divided into three groups: forty in the active Arthus (AA) group, 61 in the
      passive Arthus (PA) group and 13 in the control group. According to the
      chronological changes of the tympanograms, it was confirmed that the pathological
      changes in the middle ear cleft of the OME animals persisted for at least 10-14
      days after the injection, whereas those in the control animals recovered within 3
      4 days. Histological examinations of both PA- and AA-group animals revealed that
      electron-dense HRP-positive cells, most of which were non-ciliated, were widely
      dispersed in the epithelium. Many inflammatory cells such as polymorphonuclear
      leukocyte (PMN), macrophage and plasma cells were seen in the lamina propria and
      some PMNs were attached to the basal lamina. Intra-epithelial infiltration of
      PMNs and epithelial cell degeneration associated with the disrupted basal lamina
      were also observed. Most conspicuous changes were found in the Eustachian
      tube.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3835927
TI  - Normalization of the middle ear mucosa.

PMID- 3835928
TI  - The influence of OME to the inner ear.

PMID- 3835929
TI  - Evaluation of inner ear damage during conditions with middle ear effusion by use
      of brainstem audiometry.
AB  - The method of auditory evoked brainstem responses (AEBR) was applied on an animal
      model with two types of well defined middle ear effusions--serous otitis media
      (SOM) and purulent otitis media (POM). The animals with SOM exhibited fairly
      normal interpeak latencies but a considerably increased auditory threshold. In
      contrast, POM mainly affected the latencies of the brainstem evoked potential but
      also caused a slight increase of the auditory threshold. The results indicate
      that SOM chiefly causes a conductive hearing loss, while POM also affects the
      neural circuit.

PMID- 3835930
TI  - Auditory deprivation.

PMID- 3835931
TI  - Late results of hearing in children treated with tympanostomy tube.

PMID- 3835932
TI  - A cause of sensorineural hearing loss in otitis media with effusion.

PMID- 3835933
TI  - Eustachian tube function and its relation to middle ear pressure in children.

PMID- 3835934
TI  - Eustachian tube function in middle ear effusion (MEE).

PMID- 3835935
TI  - Autonomic nerve regulation in the eustachian tube function.

PMID- 3835936
TI  - Evaluation of the eustachian tube in normal subjects and in patients with otitis
      media with effusion by high resolution computerized tomography.

PMID- 3835937
TI  - Diagnostic significance of endoscopy of the eustachian tube.
AB  - The significance of introducing endoscopic examination to evaluate Eustachian
      tube dysfunction including the newly developed pneumatic endoscopic procedure is
      discussed. The pneumatic endoscopic procedure at the three selected portions; the
      pharyngeal adjacent tubal area, the pharyngeal tubal orifice, and the lumen of
      the cartilaginous portion, is useful to detect topographic pathology, and its
      diagnostic significance may be attributed to visual detection of the
      morphological pathology.

PMID- 3835938
TI  - Inflammatory changes reflected in middle ear effusion in otitis media.
AB  - Otitis media (OM) is an extremely wide-spread disease, and the presence of middle
      ear effusion (MEE) is a common phenomena in OM. The analyses of MEE provide
      important information for better understanding of etiology and evaluation of
      inflammatory stages of the middle ear cavity. Well investigated etiologic factors
      of OM have included negative pressures within the middle ear cavity secondary to
      Eustachian tube dysfunction, and bacterial or viral infection. It is quite
      conceivable that the biochemical, cytological and immunochemical products found
      in the middle ear mucosa (MEM) and MEE during OM may contribute to the clinical
      course of the disease. The sources of these inflammatory components include:
      inflamed epithelial cells of MEM, cells of the subepithelial space, vasogenic
      origins, bacterial and/or inflammatory cell products in MEE. In animal studies
      (serous otitis media [SOM] and purulent otitis media [POM]), interesting
      correlations between sequential biochemical and cytological findings have been
      observed. The vasodilation, increased blood vessel permeability, and the release
      of intracellular products both from inflamed middle ear mucosa and inflammatory
      cells are determining factors for the biochemical changes of MEE. Recently, the
      importance of the role of the subepithelial space (SES) in the pathogenesis of
      various types of OM has been emphasized in human studies. A strong cellular
      immune response with proliferation of fibroblasts, collagen fibers, plasma cells,
      lymphocytes, macrophages, along with an increase in capillary networks have been
      characterized with SES changes in OM. Analysis of MEE by biochemical and
      immunochemical markers (prostaglandins, immunoglobulins, intracellular enzymes)
      have reflected inflammatory changes in the MEM of various types and stages of
      OM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3835939
TI  - Comparative study of biochemical characteristics of the fluids in otitis media
      with effusion and postoperative maxillary cysts.
AB  - The biochemical characteristics and smears of the fluids in M-OME, S-OME, AOM,
      POMC, and AMS were studied. The fluids in S-OME and POMC had the character of
      transudate rather than exudate. On the other hand, M-OME, AOM, and AMS showed a
      more exudative or secretive nature. The character of the product from the
      inflammatory process of the specific condition was particularly seen in M-OME,
      AOM, and AMS. Thus we speculate that the chronic inflammatory process has a close
      relationship to the pathogenesis of OME, especially in mucoid types.

PMID- 3835940
TI  - Immune complexes in otitis media with effusion.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism of the chronicity of
      otitis media with effusion (OME). The levels of the IgG-immune complexes (IC) in
      middle ear effusions (MEE) were determined by using anti-C3 solid phase ELISA.
      The clinical significance of IC in OME was investigated, and the results were as
      follows: 1) IgG-IC levels in MEE were found to be significantly elevated in
      patients with OME and positive rates of IgG-IC in MEE were 58.3% in acute cases,
      54.5% in subacute cases, and 52.5% in chronic cases. 2) There was no correlation
      between IgG-IC levels and IgG levels in MEE which were determined by single
      radial immunodiffusion method. These results suggested that immune complexes
      formed in the middle ear cavity might play an important role in the prolonged
      inflammatory process of OME.

PMID- 3835941
TI  - Bacteriological and cytological findings according to the macroscopic
      characteristics of the middle ear effusions.
AB  - With standardized bacteriological methods, where direct microscopic examination
      took a very important place, 112 effusions from children (aged 1 to 6 years) with
      OME (minimum 2 months duration) were examined. It was demonstrated that acridine
      orange stain was superior to Gram stain in detecting bacteria, while Giemsa stain
      gave more information about the inflammatory cells involved. Purulent OME
      revealed most frequently bacteria (in total 92%), as well by direct microscopic
      examination (83%) as by culture (83%). Bacteria were found in the direct
      microscopic examination of 45% of the serous and 72% of the mucoid secretions.
      Cultures were positive in 45% of the serous and in 32% of the mucoid effusions.
      In the mucoid group, the sticky glue effusions had the lowest detection rate,
      especially when culturing (only 21% positive cultures). Polymorphonucleocytes
      were present in all purulent but also in all serous effusions, and in 76% of the
      mucoid effusions (57% of glue effusions). Lymphocytes often accompanied
      polymorphonucleocytes, especially in serous (45%) and seromucoid (47%) effusions.
      Mono-nuclear cells and macrophages were only rarely found.

PMID- 3835942
TI  - Defective immunocompetence in otitis-prone young children.
AB  - In a prospective study highly otitis-prone children were found to have
      significantly lower levels of IgG 2 at 12 and 32 months of age compared to
      healthy age matched controls. As a confirmation of these results the same otitis
      prone children had significantly lower activity compared to healthy children with
      regard to specific antipneumococcal antibody activity of both the IgG 1 and IgG 2
      subclasses. These findings support the concept that otitis proneness is partly
      due to a defective immunocompetence.

PMID- 3835943
TI  - Pathogenesis and pathology of chronic otitis media with effusion.

PMID- 3835944
TI  - Pneumococcal antigens in otitis media.

PMID- 3835945
TI  - Cytological and immunochemical characterization of middle ear effusions: an
      experimental approach.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to experimentally provoke well-defined serous
      and purulent effusion materials and to analyze the fluid using cytological and
      immunochemical techniques. Using these parameters an attempt was made to find a
      marker(s) for the degree of inflammation, duration of the disease and possible
      sequelae.

PMID- 3835946
TI  - Experimental immune complex otitis media: localization of IgG by protein A-gold
      technique.
AB  - Immune complex (IC) was made of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and anti-BSA guinea
      pig serum, and instilled into the tubotympanic cavity of untreated guinea pigs.
      The location of IgG was determined by using the protein A-gold technique to trace
      IC in the tubotympanic mucosa of the otitis media with effusion (OME) caused by
      the instillation. IgG was found on the effusion, degenerated ciliated cells and
      on granules of goblet cells. There was no evidence of intense accumulation of IgG
      on the basement membrane of the mucosal epithelium or the capillaries. It is
      likely that IC activates complements in the tubotympanic cavity to cause OME.

PMID- 3835947
TI  - Immunologic and allergic aspects regarding the interrelationship of the middle
      ear and ethmoid effusions: a clinical and morphological studies.

PMID- 3835948
TI  - Type II collagen mediated autoimmune middle ear disease: eustachian tube disease,
      otitis media with effusion and tympanosclerosis.
AB  - Intact Eustachian tube and tympanic cavity functions are essential for normal
      middle ear physiology. Type II collagen is an essential component of ear tissue.
      Autoimmune response to this type II collagen produces sensorineural hearing loss,
      vestibular dysfunction, endolymphatic hydrops, otospongiosis-like lesions,
      Eustachian tube inflammation and Eustachian tube chondritis. In addition, these
      autoimmune responses occasionally produce otitis media with effusion (not
      infectious). Tympanosclerosis, which is a frequent sequelae of otitis media with
      effusions, was also induced by type II collagen immunization together with
      surgical incision of the tympanic membrane. The exact mechanisms of this type II
      collagen autoimmune mediated middle ear disease are not clear. However, the
      animals thus induced have higher antibody titers and cell mediated immune
      responses to type II collagen. The tympanic membrane showing tympanosclerosis
      also had C3 and Ig deposits. All the animals with otitis media with effusion
      induced by type II collagen immunization also had Eustachian tube disease. This
      could be due to a malfunction of the Eustachian tube. Thus, this model might
      provide a rational approach for the study of otitis media with effusion
      associated with vasculitis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the
      immunologic mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion.

PMID- 3835949
TI  - Endotoxin in middle ear effusions: in cases with persistent effusion after acute
      otitis media.
AB  - Endotoxin in persistent middle ear effusions (MEEs) from children with acute
      otitis media (AOM) whose acute inflammation had cleared was assayed by Limulus
      test, parallel with the detection of bacteria. Seventy-five percents of MEEs were
      endotoxin positive, and the concentration of endotoxin in MEE was not related to
      the interval between the onset of AOM and the date of sample collection. However,
      the cases with MEE that had high concentration of endotoxin tended to have
      persistent MEE for more than one month after sample collection. Therefore, the
      presence of endotoxin may be one of the causal factors of a delayed recovery of
      AOM and of the development of otitis media with effusion.

PMID- 3835950
TI  - Quantitative determination of bacterial endotoxin in middle ear effusions by
      chromogenic substrate method.
AB  - It is known that bacterial endotoxin on the outer surface of most gram-negative
      bacteria (GNB) is not only biologically active material, but also the modulator
      of the immune response. The earlier experiment documented that the endotoxin of
      killed Haemophilus influenzae was responsible for induction of chronic otitis
      media with effusion (OME). Recent study by DeMaria et al. determined the
      endotoxin of human middle ear effusion (MEE) by means of limulus amebocyte lysate
      assay. It was concluded the endotoxin was present in a high percentage of the
      effusion in human tympanic cavities. The present study was undertaken to
      quantitatively determine the endotoxin in human MEE by use of chromogenic
      substrate technique which is more sensitive and accurate than limulus assay.
      Sixty samples of mucoid and serous effusion were subjected to chromogenic
      substrate method. It was revealed that the mucoid effusion showed a significantly
      high level of endotoxin at 282 pg/ml in average, though the serous effusion
      contained only 35.9 pg/ml. It is assumed that the bacterial endotoxin may greatly
      contribute to the pathogenesis of otitis media with mucoid effusion.

PMID- 3835951
TI  - Oil contact keratosis pilaris.

PMID- 3835952
TI  - Recurring digital fibromas of infancy.

PMID- 3835953
TI  - Multiple hamartoma syndrome with trichoepitheliomas and basal cell carcinomas.

PMID- 3835954
TI  - Metastatic basal cell carcinoma associated with a small primary tumour.

PMID- 3835955
TI  - Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis: a case report from Singapore.

PMID- 3835956
TI  - Miconazole therapy in Pseudallescheria boydii infection.

PMID- 3835957
TI  - Photosensitivity to musk ambrette.

PMID- 3835958
TI  - Finger tip dermatitis.

PMID- 3835959
TI  - Hair bundles: a presentation of folliculitis.

PMID- 3835960
TI  - Psoriasis, pyrogallol and skin cancer.

PMID- 3835961
TI  - Resistance factors in dermatophyte infections.

PMID- 3835962
TI  - The diagnostic role in health care in the 1990's: the threats of supermarket
      imaging services versus the real potential for reduction of health disorder in
      Australia.

PMID- 3835963
TI  - Huge ameloblastoma of the jaw (report of three cases).

PMID- 3835965
TI  - High resolution CT scanning of the bronchial tree. CT bronchography: anatomy.

PMID- 3835964
TI  - Unilateral hydrothorax complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis:
      demonstration by 99m-technetium-tin-colloid scintigraphy.

PMID- 3835966
TI  - High resolution CT scanning of the bronchial tree. CT bronchography: technique &
      clinical application.

PMID- 3835967
TI  - Scattered radiation doses during cardiac studies using a U-arm type fluoroscopy
      system.

PMID- 3835968
TI  - Antral web--a rare cause of vomiting and haematemesis in childhood.

PMID- 3835969
TI  - Neurofibroma--sliding hernia through obturator foramen.

PMID- 3835970
TI  - Pelvic dosimetry comparison of two manual afterloading systems.

PMID- 3835971
TI  - A case report. Carcinoma of the prostate with direct invasion of bone.

PMID- 3835972
TI  - Radiology of skiing injuries.

PMID- 3835973
TI  - A decade of radiotherapy in head and neck cancer in South Australia. Results of
      radiotherapy 1970-1980 at the Royal Adelaide Hospital.

PMID- 3835974
TI  - Assessment of diagnostic technologies. Methodology for unbiased estimation from
      samples of selectively verified patients.
AB  - Concern with the efficacy of diagnostic technologies has stimulated numerous
      studies aimed at quantifying the discriminatory properties of various tests and
      procedures. These have focused principally on estimations of the result
      conditional probabilities, given disease status, eg, the sensitivity and
      specificity or the ROC curve. A source of bias in estimating these probabilities
      that is often unavoidable is created by the existence of a nonrandom selection
      mechanism for determining which patients initially tested will receive definitive
      verification of disease status. Correction for verification bias requires
      frequency data on the test results and any symptoms or other factors that
      influence selection for verification, both in the verified sample and in the
      source sample of patients tested.

PMID- 3835975
TI  - A psychophysiological assessment battery.
AB  - This research project was the first step in the development of a
      psychophysiological assessment battery. The battery consisted of eight tasks that
      have a history of use within the field of psychophysiology. These tasks were
      examined on a nonpathological, physically healthy sample. This sample was
      administered the assessment battery three times over the course of 16 weeks. The
      response systems of HR, SC, RR, TPA, and FPA were examined. Two major research
      questions were then examined. The first question was whether a subject would
      display a stable physiological profile on the assessment battery across the three
      administrations. The second question was whether there would be individual
      differences in physiological profiles on the assessment battery. These
      differences were examined in terms of individual response stereotypy (IRS) and
      stimulus response specificity (SRS). Depending on the task, from 30 to 100% of
      the subjects displayed stable physiological profiles across administrations.
      Twenty-five subjects displayed a high degree of SRS. Five subjects displayed a
      high degree of IRS.

PMID- 3835976
TI  - Relationship of skin temperature changes to the emotions accompanying music.
AB  - One hundred introductory psychology students were given tasks that caused their
      skin temperatures to either fall or rise. Then they listened to two musical
      selections, one of which they rated as evoking arousing, negative emotions while
      the other was rated as evoking calm, positive emotions. During the first musical
      selection that was presented, the arousing, negative emotion music terminated
      skin temperature increases and perpetuated skin temperature decreases, whereas
      the calm, positive emotion selection terminated skin temperature decreases and
      perpetuated skin temperature increases. During the second musical selection, skin
      temperature tended to increase whichever music was played; however, the increases
      were significant only during the calm, positive emotion music. It was concluded
      that music initially affects skin temperature in ways that can be predicted from
      affective rating scales, although the effect of some selections may depend upon
      what, if any, music had been previously heard.

PMID- 3835977
TI  - Negative transfer of heart rate control following biofeedback training: a partial
      replication.
AB  - Ability to raise and lower heart rate (HR) on instruction was tested before and
      after unidirectional biofeedback training in two groups of 10 male volunteers.
      Instructional control was assessed in 2-min trials before training, and after 5
      and 10 biofeedback trials of increasing (Group I) and decreasing (Group D) HR.
      The magnitude of HR elevations produced by Group D diminished following training,
      while modifications in Group I were unchanged. This negative transfer effect is
      discussed in relation to whether voluntary speeding and slowing HR reflect
      distinct capacities.

PMID- 3835978
TI  - Interferon induction in mouse fibroblast L-A9 cells.
AB  - Mouse L-A9 cell interferon was induced by infection with Newcastle disease virus.
      Interferon production was 1.5 X 10(5) IU/10(7) cells. Interferon was partially
      purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate, chromatography on CM-Sephadex
      and hydrophobic chromatography on octyl-agarose. The specific activity of the
      final preparation was 1.7 X 10(7) IU/mg protein. Treatment of L-A9 cells with 20
      IU/ml interferon prior to viral infection inhibited the intracellular
      accumulation of reovirus-specific double-stranded RNA. Dose-response studies of
      the cells to interferon indicated that L-A9 cells require 10, 13 and 15 IU/ml to
      obtain 50% viral plaque reduction for Marituba virus, vesicular stomatitis virus
      and reovirus, respectively. The present results demonstrate the potential of
      mouse L-A9 cells as an interferon-producing system and also as a model for the
      study of the effect of cellular response to exogenous interferon treatment on the
      replication of RNA viruses.

PMID- 3835979
TI  - Elastosis and steroid receptors in primary breast cancer.
AB  - The association between the presence of both estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR)
      receptors, and the grade of elastosis was evaluated in 100 primary breast
      carcinomas, 37% of which were from menopausal patients. ER levels were higher in
      post- than in premenopausal women but only when both ER and PR were present.
      Progesterone receptor levels were independent of menstrual status but the lowest
      PR positivity in premenopausal patients was observed during the late luteal
      phase. The extent of elastosis of the 100 tumors was: Grade 0 (absent), 24%;
      Grade 1 (small or moderate), 49%, and Grade 2 (marked), 27%. The extent of
      elastosis was not related to the patient's menstrual status. A significant
      association was observed between marked elastosis and the presence or absence of
      both ER and PR. No relationship was observed between the ER + PR and ER-PR+
      subclasses and the extent of elastosis. Our data suggest that marked elastosis
      results from the presence of hormone-dependent cells in human breast carcinomas.

PMID- 3835980
TI  - Intratumor chemotherapy in combination with a systemic antimetastatic drug in the
      treatment of Lewis-lung carcinoma.
AB  - The effect of an antimetastatic agent plus intratumor chemotherapy was evaluated
      in mice bearing Lewis-lung carcinoma by measuring survival time and by
      histological examination. Polymeric flavan-3,4-diol (APF) from avocado seeds,
      Persea gratissima, administered alone directly into the tumor did not change
      survival time, although it partially destroyed the primary tumor. However, the
      drug administered in combination with an antimetastatic, 1,2-bis(3,5
      dioxopiperazin-1-yl)ethane (ICRF-154), resulted in an increase in survival time.
      When 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) was used in place of polymeric
      flavanadiol as an intralesional drug, a significant increase in survival was also
      achieved. The effect of each drug alone and of their combination was evaluated by
      "responder analyses". Animals "cured" by the combination and rechallenged with 2
      X 10(6) tumor cells showed that immunization could occur.

PMID- 3835981
TI  - Efficacy of pharmacological blockade of the cardiac parasympathetic system with
      atropine in normal men.
AB  - The effect of parasympathetic blockade with intravenously administered atropine
      (0.04 mg/kg body weight) on the heart rate (HR) of 11 normal males was evaluated
      using a standardized isometric exercise (handgrip). This type of exercise, when
      maintained for 10 s at the maximum intensity tolerated by the volunteer, causes
      tachycardia mediated almost exclusively by parasympathetic withdrawal. The test
      was performed under baseline conditions and at 20 +/- 3, 33 +/- 3, 42 +/- 3, 52
      +/- 3 and 61 +/- 3 min after atropine infusion. The heart rate of the subjects at
      rest in the supine position (mean +/- SEM) was 70 +/- 2 bpm, reaching values of
      119 +/- 3 bpm after atropine. Under control conditions (sitting position), the
      increase in HR induced by isometric exercise was 22 +/- 1.8 bpm. After blockade,
      the increase was 4 +/- 0.8, 4 +/- 0.7, 5 +/- 0.6, 4 +/- 1.0 and 4 +/- 0.8 bpm,
      respectively, at each repetition of the test. These results suggest that the
      blockade induced by this dose of atropine is effective for at least 1 h. They
      also indicate the need for a more rigorous definition of the functional half-life
      of atropine in the heart, when considering physiological tests that either
      stimulate or withdraw parasympathetic activity upon the heart.

PMID- 3835982
TI  - Quantitative analysis of ultradian luteinizing hormone secretion in normal men.
AB  - Basal pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) was studied in 8 healthy
      adult men and analyzed by mathematical and statistical techniques. LH pulses
      previously defined by semiquantitative criteria resisted the data-smoothing
      techniques employed. LH values were shown to have normal distribution in normal
      men. No correlation was found between mean LH and testosterone levels for the
      same individual. On the basis of analysis of variance it was shown that the
      individual variability and not the collection time is important in determining
      each isolated LH value. The LH levels were located within a particular channel
      for each individual for each collection time.

PMID- 3835983
TI  - Muscular lesions induced by a hemorrhagic factor from Bothrops neuwiedi snake
      venom.
AB  - The local tissue effects of crude Bothrops neuwiedi snake venom and of its
      hemorrhagic factor (NHF) were studied on mouse tibialis anterior muscle in vivo.
      After 6 h, 8 days and 6 weeks the muscles were examined in paraffin sections
      stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Both NHF and crude venom produced hemorrhage
      and myonecrosis, later followed by muscle fiber regeneration. Intramuscular
      arteries also suffered necrosis. The minimal dose of NHF necessary to produce
      detectable hemorrhage and myonecrosis was 50 ng, while the minimal venom dose
      needed to produce the same effect was 20 times higher. The results indicate that
      NHF is one of the major factors responsible for the local effects of B. neuwiedi
      venom.

PMID- 3835984
TI  - Endocrine disorders render rats hyporeactive to non-steroidal but not to
      steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - The effect of cortisol (10 and 20 mg kg-1 day-1, sc), indomethacin (2 and 4 mg kg
      1 day-1, po) and piroxicam (10 and 20 mg kg-1 day-1, po) on the proliferative
      component of inflammation was investigated in normal, diabetic, adrenalectomized
      and diabetic-adrenalectomized rats using the cotton pellet test. Whereas cortisol
      was equally effective in preventing granulation tissue formation in all groups of
      animals, indomethacin and piroxicam were much less active in animals with
      hormonal dysfunctions. Indomethacin and piroxicam reduced thymus weight of normal
      and diabetic animals as much as cortisol. This was taken to be a strong
      indication of the effect of these non-steroidal drugs on the adrenal cortex
      leading to increased secretion of adrenal corticosteroids. We conclude that at
      least part of the anti-inflammatory effect of indomethacin and piroxicam, in the
      present experiments, can be ascribed to the release of endogenous
      corticosteroids. This would explain the decreased sensitivity of adrenalectomized
      animals to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used. An additional
      component, however, seems to be necessary for the full expression of the anti
      inflammatory effect of these drugs, since diabetic animals were also less
      responsive to them. When both components were absent, as in diabetic
      adrenalectomized animals, indomethacin and piroxicam were practically devoid of
      an anti-inflammatory effect.

PMID- 3835985
TI  - Dissociation of the toxic and behavioral effects of lithium on rats.
AB  - In a previous study we have shown that weight loss or animal death as a sign of
      toxicity due to chronic administration of lithium in rats is more intense among
      male than female adult animals (5 months old), and is not observed in growing
      male and female animals (2 months old) (Teixeira and Karniol, Acta Pharmacologica
      et Toxicologica, 51: 1-5, 1982). In this study we report the results obtained for
      the same animals in the open field test. The ip administration of 3.0 mEq/day of
      LiCl to female rats for 28 days produced a decrease in rearing (60- and 150-day
      old animals) and ambulation (150-day old animals) in relation to control animals.
      Male rats of both ages submitted to the same treatment showed no changes in
      rearing or ambulation. The low level of activity observed in the male control
      groups during the 2nd and 4th experimental week may probably explain the lack of
      lithium effect on the number of rearing (both age groups) and ambulation (older
      animals) activities. We conclude that, under the present experimental conditions,
      the behavioral effects of lithium on female rats are dissociated from the toxic
      action of this substance.

PMID- 3835986
TI  - Effects of temperature acclimation on rabbit metabolic rate and rectal
      temperature.
AB  - The metabolic rates and rectal temperatures of cold-(10 degrees C), warm-(20
      degrees C) and heat-(30 degrees C) acclimated rabbits were measured at 10, 20 and
      30 degrees C. When the logarithm of metabolic rate was plotted against the
      logarithm of body weight, no differences could be demonstrated between the slopes
      of the lines obtained for each of the nine experimental groups. Metabolic rate,
      expressed as kcal h-1 kg-1, kcal h-1 kg-3/4 and kcal h-1 kg-2/3, was mass
      independent for most of the experimental conditions. The rabbits were able to
      maintain constant rectal temperature during cold or heat exposure only when
      previously acclimated to these temperature extremes. The increase in metabolic
      rate of cold-acclimated rabbits observed during cold exposure seemed to be too
      low to explain the maintenance of rectal temperature. The lower metabolic rate of
      heat-acclimated rabbits exposed to heat probably played an important role in
      preventing increased rectal temperatures.

PMID- 3835987
TI  - Oculomotor areas involved in the parasympathetic control of accommodation and
      pupil size in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).
AB  - The motoneurons of the oculomotor complex responsible for controlling
      accommodation and pupil size of the marmoset were identified by injecting
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the ciliary ganglion. The anatomical
      organization of accommodation and pupil constrictor motoneurons was determined
      using electrical stimulation techniques. HRP-labelled cells were found through
      the whole length of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW) and also just ventral to
      this nucleus in caudal sections. A projection from the antero-median nucleus to
      the ciliary ganglion could not be demonstrated. Electrical stimulation data
      showed that currents of less than 1 microampere applied inside the EW evoked
      accommodation responses. Pupil constriction responses, on the other hand, were
      evoked with weak currents at sites ventral to those in the EW generating
      accommodation at caudal and central levels. It was concluded that the EW was
      responsible for accommodation and areas containing HRP-labelled cells ventral to
      the caudal part of the EW were responsible for pupil constriction.

PMID- 3835988
TI  - Effects of previous REM sleep deprivation on the acquisition of different
      topographies of discriminated avoidance in the rat.
AB  - The effects of REM sleep deprivation (REMSD) for 96 h on discriminated avoidance
      learning were tested in rats using three different task topographies:in a jumping
      box, in a shuttle-box and bar-pressing. The same stimulus relationship and the
      same methodological controls with regard to the avoidance schedules and to the
      platform technique were employed. REMSD facilitated the acquisition of the
      jumping-box response, which was detectable at the end of the third session. REMSD
      did not interfere in the acquisition of the shuttle-box response since both the
      experimental and control groups met the criterion by concluding the eighth
      session without any observable difference in the analyzed parameters. With bar
      pressing, neither group reached the learning criterion (80% of avoidance
      responses throughout two consecutive sessions). We have related these results to
      the existing hypothesis that REM sleep stimulates the coding of all complex
      sequences of motor behavior which are necessary for innate behaviors and
      concluded that the reimbursement of the REM sleep debt after testing facilitated
      only the acquisition of the jumping-box response through a reprogramming of the
      motor organization of this innate behavior.

PMID- 3835989
TI  - Do platelets migrate into inflammatory exudates?
AB  - Rat platelets and the corresponding rabbit IgG antibodies mixed in polyester
      sponges implanted under the skin of normal animals caused an enhanced 24-h
      inflammatory response and a significant increase of prostaglandins in the
      exudate. These experimental results contrast with those obtained for normal rats
      implanted with sponges containing only IgG anti-platelet antibodies. The present
      experiments show that circulating platelets were not concentrated at the inflamed
      site and can hardly be considered of importance in acute inflammation.

PMID- 3835990
TI  - Proceedings of the 10th congress of the Sociedade Brasileira de Imunologia. March
      2-4, 1985. Guaruja, SP. Abstracts.

PMID- 3835991
TI  - Proceedings of the 10th congress of the Sociedade Brasileira de Biofisica, 3rd
      congress of the Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacologia e Terapeutica Experimental,
      20th congress of the Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, 1st congress of the
      Sociedade Brasileira de Investigacao Clinica. July 6-10, 1985, Sao Paulo.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 3835992
TI  - [Medical professionalism and hospital organization. Crisis and metamorphosis of a
      relationship].

PMID- 3835993
TI  - [The dynamic electrocardiogram in mitral valve prolapse].

PMID- 3835994
TI  - [A new approach to the study of sinus node function: measurement of the
      refractory period].

PMID- 3835995
TI  - Effects of training on the relation between heart rate and QT interval during
      dynamic exercise.

PMID- 3835996
TI  - [Influence of the angiographic collateral circulation on regional myocardial
      perfusion and contraction at rest and during exertion].

PMID- 3835997
TI  - [Study of the diastolic phase with a radioisotopic method in coronary disease].

PMID- 3835998
TI  - [Carotid sinus syndrome: evaluation of the cardioinhibitor and vasodepressive
      components and of the association with orthostatic hypotension].

PMID- 3835999
TI  - [Systemic embolism in wearers of cardiac valve prostheses: predisposing factors
      and influence of anticoagulant therapy].

PMID- 3836000
TI  - [Pathology of the atrioventricular node in mitral valve prolapse].

PMID- 3836001
TI  - [Role of effort electrocardiography in the diagnosis of ischemic cardiopathy].

PMID- 3836002
TI  - [Diagnostic value of echocardiographic markers].

PMID- 3836003
TI  - [Diagnostic value of perfusion scintigraphy].

PMID- 3836004
TI  - [The cardiologist confronted by the computer: how to choose it and what to ask
      it].

PMID- 3836005
TI  - [Computerized analysis of heart electric signals: the standard electrocardiogram
      and complex derived technics].

PMID- 3836006
TI  - [Computerized elaboration of echocardiographic images].

PMID- 3836007
TI  - Role of computers in echocardiography.

PMID- 3836008
TI  - [Computerized elaboration of left ventriculography and coronarography].

PMID- 3836009
TI  - [Relations between information specialists and cardiologists: proposals for a
      more constructive dialogue].

PMID- 3836010
TI  - Antibody-induced suppression and postsuppression stimulation of complement in
      vitro. III. Long-term C4 suppression is actively maintained by a soluble
      suppressor factor (FsC4).
AB  - Previous work in our laboratory established that individual complement components
      can be regulated in vivo by administration of specific antibody or
      immunocompetent cells to newborns and in vitro by administration of specific
      antibody to cultured peritoneal macrophages or splenic fragments. Antibody
      induced suppression of C4 was much longer lasting in cultured guinea pig splenic
      fragments than in cultured guinea pig peritoneal macrophages, suggesting that
      splenic fragments contained elements necessary for long-term suppression that
      were not present in the macrophage monolayers. This publication presents data in
      support of this concept. Antibody-treated splenic fragments from normal guinea
      pigs--but not from C4-deficient guinea pigs--elaborated a soluble factor (FsC4)
      that suppressed C4 production in previously untreated splenic fragments. FsC4
      activity was most potent in splenic fragment culture supernatants at those times
      when intracellular and secreted C4 hemolytic activity and C4 antigen were at
      their lowest. C4 itself or a fragment of C4 was therefore unlikely to mediate
      suppression in this system. Residual anti-C4 antibody was ruled out as a mediator
      of FsC4 activity since it was shown by two independent methods that the amount of
      anti-C4 antibody carried over with the supernatant was orders of magnitude less
      than the amount necessary to cause suppression or to neutralize fluid phase C4 in
      fresh splenic fragment cultures. Preliminary data revealed that FsC4 activity may
      be mediated by two or more distinct molecular species or may be mediated by a
      single molecule that exhibits secondary size and charge heterogeneity. The
      identification of factors that are capable of regulating C4 suggests that, as
      with immunoglobulins, complement components may be regulated by complex networks
      of immunocompetent cells and their soluble products.

PMID- 3836011
TI  - Neuronal survival or death after dendrite transection close to the perikaryon:
      correlation with electrophysiologic, morphologic, and ultrastructural changes.
AB  - We investigated the probability of survival of mouse spinal neurons in monolayer
      cultures after transection lesions of dendrites made within 400 microns of the
      perikarya. Based on a total of 650 lesioned neurons, the following observations
      were made. First, neuronal survival is a function of lesion distance from the
      perikaryon and of process diameter at the lesion site. For an average lesion
      diameter of 3 microns, dendrite transections at 50 microns, 100 microns, and 150
      microns were associated with survival probabilities of 30%, 53%, and 70%,
      respectively. Second, the fate of the injured cells was definitely established 24
      hours after injury and very likely was determined as early as 2 hours. Third,
      early stages of deterioration leading to cell death were associated with
      cytoplasmic phase brightness on light microscopy, correlating with an appearance
      of numerous, small, electron-lucent vacuoles and swollen mitochondria on electron
      microscopy. The cytoplasm of these moribund cells stained darkly and contained no
      visible microtubules or neurofilaments. Fourth, the magnitude and time course of
      injury potentials recorded at the somata were a function of the lesion distance
      and did not return to prelesion levels within 30 minutes after transection.
      Fifth, at 24 hours after injury, the average membrane potential of lesioned
      neurons was 8% below that of control neurons. Sixth, at a lesion distance of
      approximately 300 microns both the injury potential and the probability of cell
      death approach zero. We conclude that, in the model system used, neuronal
      survival after dendrite amputation depends on physical parameters of the lesion
      that determine the magnitude of the injury current reaching the soma. Survival is
      not assured if the injury is inflicted within 250 microns of the cell body, and
      cell death is likely for lesions within 50 microns of the soma. The below-normal
      membrane potentials at 24 hours after injury suggest a possible greater
      vulnerability of recovering neurons to secondary insults. The characteristic
      mitochondrial disruption and loss of microtubules implies that the calcium
      component of the injury current contributes to cell death.

PMID- 3836012
TI  - Lipid hydrolysis and peroxidation in injured spinal cord: partial protection with
      methylprednisolone or vitamin E and selenium.
AB  - Compression trauma of the cat spinal cord induces a very rapid alteration in the
      lipid metabolism of cellular membranes, including lipid hydrolysis with release
      of fatty acids including arachidonate, production of biologically active
      eicosanoids, and loss of cholesterol. This disturbance of cellular membranes can
      directly damage cells and can lead to the secondary development of tissue ionic
      imbalance, ischemia, edema, and inflammation with neuronophagia. Pretreatment
      with either the synthetic glucocorticoid methylprednisolone sodium succinate
      (MPSS) or the antioxidants vitamin E and selenium (Se) completely prevented the
      loss of cholesterol and partially inhibited lipolysis and prostanoid production.
      Treatment with MPSS significantly reduced the postinjury tissue necrosis and
      paralysis. Preliminary evidence indicates that pretreatment with vitamin E and Se
      also protected against the effects of spinal cord injury (SCI). We speculate that
      the ability of these agents to preserve function after SCI may, in part, reside
      in their capacity to limit the trauma-induced changes in lipid metabolism.

PMID- 3836013
TI  - Continuing axonal and vascular change following experimental brain trauma.
AB  - The course of axonal and vascular change following trauma was investigated in an
      animal model of fluid-percussion brain injury. To assess axonal change, the
      anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in selected cerebral and
      cerebellar efferents was studied in cats that had sustained minor to moderate
      injuries and had survived the traumatic episode for periods ranging from several
      hours to several months. To assess vascular change, cats were equipped with
      cranial windows, which allowed for both the direct functional study of the pial
      vasculature following injury and the postmortem harvesting of the studied vessels
      for morphologic analyses. Following fluid-percussion brain injury, a subtle focal
      perturbation of the axon occurred, and over a 12 to 24 hour period, this
      perturbation became progressively severe, with the result that the axon swelled,
      separated from its distal segment, and thereby formed an enlarged reactive
      swelling. With continued survival, some swellings persisted intact, others
      degenerated, and others demonstrated a dramatic regenerative response. This
      regenerative response, characterized by regenerative sprouting and growth
      conelike outgrowths, persisted through all survival periods considered.
      Immediately following the induction of the fluid-percussion injury, the pial
      arterioles dilated, manifested morphologic change, and displayed functional
      abnormalities. These vascular abnormalities appeared mediated by an accelerated
      metabolism of arachidonate via cyclooxygenase, which results in the generation of
      oxygen radicals. Radicals, such as the superoxide anion, continue to be produced
      within the first hour following injury and thus, similar to the observed axonal
      responses, continue to contribute to the brain's response to trauma. Although
      these axonal and vascular changes do not appear to be causally related, they both
      appear as a continuum of the initial insult and may become interlinked should a
      secondary insult ensue.

PMID- 3836014
TI  - Delayed demyelination and macrophage invasion: a candidate for secondary cell
      damage in spinal cord injury.
AB  - Recent studies of the chronic morphology and physiology of experimental spinal
      cord injury (SCI) in the cat are reviewed and their conclusions outlined. In
      particular, variations in chronic dysmyelination of the lesion have been found to
      be largely independent of injury intensity, suggesting a secondary pathologic
      origin. New morphometric studies of the subacute development of contusion lesions
      are described. Using electron microscopy and light microscopic line-sampling of
      myelinated axons, it was found that demyelination of axons that survived the
      initial injury occurred largely between 2 and 7 days after contusion and did not
      accompany the much more rapid dissolution of myelin from those axons that
      degenerated within the first 2 days. The number of apparently intact axons at the
      center of the lesion declined by a factor of 2 or more in the same interval of 2
      7 days. This secondary pathology was coincident with dense invasion of the lesion
      by macrophages and their phagocytosis of the membraneous debris remaining from
      the initial hemorrhagic necrosis. It is concluded that posttraumatic inflammation
      in the spinal cord should be investigated in more detail as a possible
      contributor to chronic deficits. In addition, these data emphasize the importance
      of defining the nature, time of occurrence, and proportional significance of
      secondary damage in order to evaluate those studies and hypotheses that attempt
      to differentiate acute secondary pathophysiology from primary degenerative
      processes.

PMID- 3836015
TI  - Increased myosin orientation during muscle contraction: a measure of cardiac
      contractility.
AB  - Myosin form birefringence has been studied in cryostat sections of left
      ventricular myocardium from the dog and human. The muscle in such sections has
      been shown to demonstrate the sliding filament phenomenon. The sarcomere length
      of canine myocardium agreed with that found in comparable electron micrographs.
      Unexpectedly, it was found that glycerol, normally used as an inert and optically
      ideal mountant, caused profound change in myosin birefringence. This apparently
      invalidates results obtained with this mountant. The absolute birefringence found
      in these sections, whether mounted in glycerol or in an ATP-calcium buffer,
      corresponded to values found by other workers with skeletal muscle and isolated
      myosin. However, the birefringent properties (optical path difference: o.p.d.) of
      well functioning muscle was found to be low, the o.p.d. increasing when exposed
      to ATP and calcium. Poorly functioning muscle could be distinguished from well
      functioning muscle on the basis of its higher 'in air' o.p.d. This difference
      correlated well with physiological assessments of myocardial function or with
      clinical assessments of cardiac failure. Evidence is presented indicating that
      changes in apparent birefringence, caused by ATP-calcium or by anoxia, are due to
      altered orientation of the myosin micelles and can be inhibited by agents that
      inhibit myosin ATPase activity.

PMID- 3836016
TI  - The interaction of tumour-localizing porphyrins with collagen, elastin, gelatin,
      fibrin and fibrinogen.
AB  - We have already reported in Balb C mouse transplantable mammary carcinoma, that
      uroporphyrin I and III are superior as tumour localizers when compared to
      hematoporphyrin derivative and a derivative thereof, photofrin II. This study
      compares the binding of porphyrins to proteins which may be found in tumour cells
      or stroma to investigate whether there is a common binding determinant.
      Coproporphyrin III and deuteroporphyrin IX which are non-tumour localizing
      porphyrins, were also part of the comparative study. The interaction of these
      porphyrins with acid soluble collagen and acid insoluble collagen, elastin, and
      fibrin was evaluated, and the binding of uroporphyrin isomers I and III and
      deuteroporphyrin IX to gelatin and fibrinogen, was also determined. The results
      suggest that collagen, especially the acid soluble form, and gelatin
      preferentially bind the four porphyrins which localize in mammary carcinoma
      tissue. The well reported observations that malignant epithelial cells, including
      breast cancer, produce collagen and contain a rate-limiting enzyme in collagen
      biosynthesis would support the notion that de novo synthesis of this protein may
      in part govern the tumour uptake and retention of porphyrins. Elastin, fibrinogen
      and fibrin showed non-discriminant binding to the porphyrins under study.

PMID- 3836017
TI  - Lysosomal enzymes in human platelets.
AB  - In human freshly prepared platelets the following lysosomal enzymes were studied:
      alpha-mannosidase, alpha-fucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta
      glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and acid phosphatase. For each of the
      examined enzymes the conditions providing maximal activity (pH, buffer), kinetic
      parameters (saturating substrate concentration and Km) as well as heat stability
      were established. On the basis of these parameters it is suggested that many of
      the serum glycohydrolases may be platelet derived.

PMID- 3836018
TI  - Studies on mechanisms of ornithine decarboxylase activity regulation in
      regenerating liver.
AB  - Rat liver (hydrocortisone-induced) ornithine decarboxylase has been shown to be
      stable when the cytosolic fraction is incubated alone at 37 degrees C, although
      there is a very rapid and drastic loss of activity after addition of microsomes
      to the incubation medium. The present paper is concerned with the behaviour of
      ornithine decarboxylase induced in rat liver by a growth stimulus (partial
      hepatectomy); comparative studies have been carried out on the enzyme induced by
      sham operation, or by hydrocortisone. Results show that ornithine decarboxylase
      from regenerating liver is more stable when incubated with microsomes (from the
      same source); this higher stability depends both on a lower microsome-bound
      inactivating capacity and a limited susceptibility of the enzyme to the
      inactivation. A critical role in modulating the microsome-dependent inactivation
      appears to be played by low molecular weight cytosolic factors, whose greater
      content in regenerating liver is likely to be included with the factors above in
      determining the relative stability of ornithine decarboxylase.

PMID- 3836019
TI  - Induction of plasma membrane alkaline phosphatase in rat liver.
AB  - We have determined alkaline phosphatase activity in total liver plasma membrane
      fractions from rats subjected to a partial hepatectomy and sham operated with or
      without manipulation of the liver. In all these cases, an increase of the enzyme
      activity was observed. Kinetic studies of alkaline phosphatase activity performed
      on plasma membrane fractions from rats subjected to a partial hepatectomy suggest
      that alkaline phosphatase increase is produced by de novo biosynthesis of enzyme
      molecules. Determination of alkaline phosphatase activity in purified plasma
      membrane subfractions corresponding to each of the three functional regions of
      the hepatocyte surface (blood sinusoidal, lateral and bile canalicular),
      indicates that the increase of the enzyme activity observed after partial
      hepatectomy is selectively induced in the bile canalicular domain of the
      hepatocyte plasma membrane.

PMID- 3836021
TI  - The interaction between gluconeogenic metabolism and accumulation of phosphate by
      chick kidney tubule cells.
AB  - Pyruvate promotes both phosphate uptake and glucose synthesis by isolated chick
      kidney proximal tubule cells. 3-Mercaptopicolinate inhibits both glucose
      synthesis and the promoted phosphate accumulation to the same extent. Glycerol
      also stimulates glucose synthesis, but does not affect phosphate accumulation.
      Oxygen utilization by the tissue is slightly stimulated by glycerol and pyruvate,
      but the enhancement of uptake by pyruvate is unlikely to result from raised
      cellular oxidative phosphorylation. The action of pyruvate is not a direct effect
      on the phosphate transporter, or on the transport of phosphate across the
      basolateral membrane, but entails an obligatory flux to triose phosphate.

PMID- 3836020
TI  - Hormone-independent polyamine metabolism of squamous cell carcinoma of the
      prostate.
AB  - The levels of polyamines and their synthesizing enzymes in squamous cell
      carcinoma of prostate implanted in intact as well as castrated male rats were
      determined after certain hormonal manipulations. The tumour was found to grow
      with an identical rate in non-castrated and castrated rats. Polyamine content and
      activities of polyamine synthesizing enzymes in the tumour were found to be much
      lower compared to their values in ventral prostate. Moreover, the levels of these
      parameters were comparable in tumours whether implanted in non-castrated or
      gonadectomized animals. The sequential analyses of putrescine and spermidine and
      activities of L-ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase
      of tumours at different time intervals showed a significant reduction in their
      levels at 30 days compared to 10 days post implantation in non-castrated as well
      as castrated rats. Daily intramuscular administration of tumour-bearing intact or
      castrated animals with testosterone (50 micrograms/g), beta-estradiol (2
      micrograms/g) or cyproterone (12.5 micrograms/g) for 10 days did not influence
      polyamine metabolism in tumour tissue. However, either beta-estradiol and
      cyproterone treatments or castration were found to decrease polyamine synthesis
      in ventral prostate. At the same time, the testosterone replacement therapy did
      not allow polyamine levels or activities of polyamine synthesizing enzymes to
      decline in the ventral prostate of castrated rats. Our results demonstrated that
      contrary to ventral prostate, the polyamine metabolism in squamous cell carcinoma
      of prostate is independent of hormonal control. The loss of hormonal sensitivity
      of polyamine metabolism in the prostatic tumour could be the result of
      qualitative changes that occurred during transformation.

PMID- 3836022
TI  - Morphological changes in CHO and VERO cells treated with T-2 mycotoxin.
      Correlation with inhibition of protein synthesis.
AB  - Exposure of Chinese hamster ovary and African green monkey kidney cells to T-2
      mycotoxin resulted in several morphological changes which were related to
      inhibition of protein synthesis, the basic in vitro mechanism of action of the
      toxin. These changes, which occurred in both cell types, included disassociation
      of polysomes and mitochondrial cristae alterations. In addition, CHO cells
      displayed membrane bleb formations similar to those found in CHO cells after
      exposure to established inhibitors of protein synthesis, puromycin and
      anisomycin. Blebs could be either a result of protein synthesis inhibition or a
      non-specific early pathological response. Bleb formations were not observed in
      VERO cells under any experimental condition.

PMID- 3836023
TI  - Role of transferrin in metal uptake by human lymphoblasts in vitro.
AB  - The uptake and binding of 59Fe, 67Ga and 239Pu complexed with citrate of
      transferrin (Tf) and of 125I-labelled Fe-Tf by human lymphoblasts (WI-L2 cells)
      have been studied. Uptake kinetics of 59Fe-Tf and [125I]-Tf point to
      internalization by receptor mediated endocytosis. 67Ga binding and uptake is
      always less. This may be explained by a lower affinity of Ga-complexes for the
      cell surface. Factors which influence Fe uptake have a similar effect on Ga.
      239Pu uptake and binding, however, are different, especially in that Tf does not
      stimulate 239Pu uptake and may actually decrease it.

PMID- 3836024
TI  - Formation of activated oxygen in the hypoxic rat liver.
AB  - The biliary GSSG efflux rate of normoxic perfused rat liver was 1.5 +/- 0.2
      nmol/min/g liver wet weight. The GSSG efflux rate as indicator for the flux
      through the glutathione peroxidase reaction and, therefore, for an oxidative
      loading increased with the extent of hypoxia. 2.6 +/- 0.5 nmol/min/g were
      released from the severely hypoxic liver. The hydroxyl radical scavenger formate
      as well as the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol reduced the efflux rate of
      GSSG. GSH was released from the perfused liver at a rate of 15.5 nmol/min/g which
      was nearly unchanged in severe hypoxia. The high rate of glucose liberation from
      the hypoxic liver declined to almost that of the normoxic organ in the presence
      of formate. There is an 'oxidative stress' during hypoxic liver perfusion which
      probably originates from increased generation of activated oxygen species in the
      degradation of purine nucleotides.

PMID- 3836025
TI  - The significance of plasma gastrointestinal glucagon in endotoxemia.
AB  - Hyperglucagonemia has been reported during endotoxemia. Increases in plasma
      glucagon concentration may serve as an important mediator and be influential in
      modifying metabolism during endotoxin shock. Increases in the plasma
      concentration of glucagon are brought about by both pancreatic and
      gastrointestinal release of glucagon during endotoxemia. The purpose of the
      present study was to determine the importance of gastrointestinal-derived
      glucagon (glucagon-like immunoreactivity; GLI) during endotoxin shock. LD100
      endotoxin (3.0 mg/kg) was injected via the auricular vein into fasted rabbits.
      Emphasis was focused on total glucagon and gastrointestinal glucagon (GLI)
      concentrations, but measurements of these parameters were supplemented by
      determinations of glucose and triglyceride. The results were as follows: 1)
      gastrointestinal glucagon concentration increased threefold over that of
      pancreatic glucagon concentration and 27-fold over that of the control group at 6
      hr after endotoxin administration and 2) significant increases of both serum
      glucose and triglyceride concentrations were observed after endotoxin was
      injected. Findings suggest that gastrointestinal glucagon may be one of the
      factors responsible for evoking the abnormal metabolism caused by endotoxin
      shock. In hyperglucagonemia resulting from endotoxemia, it is suggested that
      attention should be paid not only to the glucagon originating from the pancreas
      but also to that derived from the intestine.

PMID- 3836026
TI  - Effects of ATP-MgCl2 and ATP-Na2 administration on renal function and cellular
      metabolism following renal ischemia.
AB  - The present study compared the effects of ATP-MgCl2 or ATP-Na2 administration on
      renal function and cellular metabolism following renal ischemia in rabbits.
      Following 100 min of ischemia, the blood flow to the kidney was allowed to
      reestablish itself, and the rabbits received either saline, ATP-MgCl2 (17.5
      mumole/kg each), or ATP-Na2 (17.5 mumole/kg) intravenously. ATP-MgCl2
      administration following ischemia significantly accelerated the recovery of renal
      function. However, administration of ATP-Na2 failed to show any beneficial effect
      on the recovery process. The changes in renal cellular ketone body ratio
      (acetoacetate/beta-hydroxybutyrate), energy charge, and pyruvate/lactate
      indicated that ATP-MgCl2, but not ATP-Na2, reversed ischemically induced
      impairment in renal cellular metabolism. Reduction in the renal blood flow caused
      by ischemia was also improved with ATP-MgCl2 treatment. These results indicate
      that ATP should be given in the form of ATP-MgCl2 for it to be effective
      following renal ischemia. The results also suggest that the salutary effect of
      ATP-MgCl2 following renal ischemia could occur through the improvement of
      cellular metabolism and concomitant improvement in tissue blood flow.

PMID- 3836027
TI  - Naloxone potentiates the cardiovascular effects of catecholamines in canine
      hemorrhagic shock.
AB  - Endogenous opioids are released during stress and appear to contribute to the
      cardiovascular suppression seen in shock. When the opiate receptor antagonist
      naloxone is administered intravenously to anesthetized dogs subjected to
      hemorrhage, mean arterial pressure, maximal left ventricular dp/dt, and cardiac
      output increase. This study tests the hypothesis that naloxone acts by
      potentiating the effects of neurally and adrenally released catecholamines. If
      this hypothesis is correct, then blockade of endogenous catecholamine release
      should attenuate the response to naloxone, and administration of exogenous
      adrenergic agonists prior to naloxone treatment should restore the response.
      Catecholamine release was attenuated by a combination of surgical adrenal
      denervation and pharmacological ganglionic blockade. Adrenal denervation or
      chlorisondamine alone attenuated and, in combination, blocked the response to
      naloxone in hemorrhaged dogs. Infusion of alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists at
      a constant rate prior to treatment restored the response to naloxone. Naloxone
      appears to improve cardiovascular function in hemorrhagic shock by potentiating
      the effect of released catecholamines and not by increasing sympathoadrenal
      discharge.

PMID- 3836028
TI  - Influence of tissue lactic acid and ATP levels on postischemic recovery in rabbit
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - The effect of energy substrate depletion and of high lactic acid (LA) load on the
      development of irreversible cell injury was evaluated in the lateral
      gastrocnemius muscle of rabbits subjected to 4 hr of tourniquet hindlimb
      ischemia. Three groups of animals were studied. Group I, high ATP-ischemia, these
      animals were subjected to 4 hr of ischemia; group II, low ATP--low LA ischemia,
      in this group the gastrocnemius muscle was electrically stimulated for 5 min
      during ischemic conditions to reduce the glycogen store, a short reperfusion
      period was allowed after the stimulation in order to wash out the built up LA,
      and the muscle was then subjected to 4 hr of ischemia; group III, low ATP--high
      LA ischemia, in this group glycogen was depleted as in group II, but no
      reperfusion period was allowed before the 4 hr period of ischemia. In group I,
      ATP levels were well preserved during the ischemic period, whereas in the
      substrate-deprived groups (II and III) a rapid depletion of ATP and
      phosphocreatine (CP) occurred. The LA was twice as high in the "high LA" group
      (III) as in the "low LA" group (II) during the ischemic period. The extent of
      injury was evaluated after 24 hr of reperfusion by measuring ATP and CP content,
      and contractile force and by light microscopy. No or minor cell damage was found
      in group I. In group III--high LA--no recovery was obtained in any of the
      variables used for evaluation. In group II--Low LA--there was a certain recovery.
      ATP and CP increased to about 35% and contractile force to 25% of control.
      Morphologically about 20% of the muscle cells appeared to be unaffected by the
      ischemic insult. It is concluded that reduction of the glycogen available for ATP
      resynthesis during the ischemic period drastically reduces the ability of
      skeletal muscle to withstand prolonged ischemia. A high LA load seems to amplify
      the deleterious effects of a low initial substrate level.

PMID- 3836029
TI  - A more appropriate statistical method for analyzing mortality data in shock
      research.
AB  - Much of biological research deals with analysis of survival times such as time
      until death of an organism, length of survival of a skin graft, time of remission
      of an illness, or time until relief of a particular symptom. When analyzing data
      that consists of time until occurrence of an event, the commonly used parametric
      t-tests for comparing mean survival times of treatment groups is inappropriate
      when 1) the survival times do not follow the bell-shaped Gaussian (normal)
      distribution and/or 2) when some of the organisms are still "alive" (censored) at
      termination of the study period. As an alternative to the t-test, a relatively
      simple-to-use statistical procedure for comparing survival times of two groups is
      described. This procedure was developed to deal specifically with data consisting
      of survival times and to take into account the presence of censored observations.

PMID- 3836030
TI  - Tandem-scanning (confocal) microscopy of the full-thickness cornea.
AB  - We have utilized a radically new type of optical scanning microscope to study the
      full-thickness morphology of the intact cornea in an excised human eye bank eye
      and in freshly sacrificed rabbit eyes in situ. This technology enables one to
      study corneal morphology layer by layer in extremely thin sections, only
      disturbing the tissue with an applanating tip. We have demonstrated the cells of
      the corneal surface, subsurface cells, the topography of Bowman's membrane,
      corneal lamellae, stromal keratocytes, and the corneal endothelium. The
      application of this technology lends itself to the in vivo examination of the
      human cornea. This should aid us greatly in the study of normal morphology,
      disease states, and the reaction of the cornea in wound healing.

PMID- 3836031
TI  - Schematic documentation of cornea and anterior segment problems in clinical
      practice.
AB  - Corneal and external eye diseases are often present together. Pathologic
      processes in the cornea may be secondary to lesions involving the eyelids, tear
      meniscus, and conjunctiva, and all structures in the anterior segment may
      manifest clinical phenomena. We describe a method of recording diagrammatically
      corneal findings along with eyelids, eyelashes, tear meniscus, and anterior
      segment structures.

PMID- 3836032
TI  - Graphite foreign body of the conjunctiva simulating melanoma.
AB  - A case of a growing vascular pigmented mass of the conjunctiva resembling a
      melanoma in a patient with a history of a pencil injury to the eye is presented.
      The lesion was surgically removed and histopathologically found to be a graphite
      foreign body granuloma. In the differential diagnosis of enlarging pigmented
      conjunctival lesions, graphite foreign body granuloma should be considered.

PMID- 3836033
TI  - Polack corneal punch with modified teflon-base plug.

PMID- 3836034
TI  - [Experimental studies of the pathomechanics of humeral shaft fractures during
      isolated torsion].

PMID- 3836035
TI  - [Pathomechanism of dislocation of the shoulder joint with humeral neck fracture].

PMID- 3836036
TI  - [Differentiation between congenital and post-injection extension contractures of
      the knee joint in children].

PMID- 3836037
TI  - [Radiological evaluation of pes planus taloflexus congenitus].

PMID- 3836038
TI  - [Pes planus taloflexus congenitus--results of surgical treatment by the method of
      peritalar repositioning].

PMID- 3836039
TI  - [Late observations of the joints after Legg-Perthes disease].

PMID- 3836040
TI  - [Rehabilitation of patients after thoracic spine injury treated by the spring
      alloplasty method].

PMID- 3836041
TI  - [The vascular system of the gastrocnemius muscle in contrast studies of
      anatomical specimens].

PMID- 3836042
TI  - [Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica--congenital developmental disorders of the
      epiphyses].

PMID- 3836043
TI  - [Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome].

PMID- 3836044
TI  - [Solitary cyst of the ilium].

PMID- 3836045
TI  - [Pachydermoperiostosis].

PMID- 3836046
TI  - [Recurrent ulcer after supraselective vagotomy for duodenal ulcer. What is the
      cause: the preoperative acidity, the method or the surgeon?].

PMID- 3836047
TI  - [Spontaneous bilateral avulsion of the quadriceps tendon (a case) and
      simultaneous bilateral rupture of the patellar tendon (a case). Problems of the
      surgical technic].

PMID- 3836048
TI  - [War colonic wounds treated by ideal surgery. Apropos of 47 cases].

PMID- 3836049
TI  - [Tumors of the inferior vena cava. Diagnosis and treatment. Apropos of a case
      with review of the literature].

PMID- 3836050
TI  - [Very late dehiscence of a mechanical colorectal anastomosis. Report of a case
      and review of the literature. Experimental approach to the late complications of
      circular stapling].

PMID- 3836051
TI  - [Cutaneo-aponeurotic flaps].

PMID- 3836052
TI  - [Treatment of acute intestinal intussusception in infants. Hydrostatic enema or
      routine operation?].

PMID- 3836054
TI  - [Splenic autotransplantation. An advantageous alternative to splenectomy for
      splenic injury].

PMID- 3836053
TI  - [Hypoplasia and aplasia of the ulna in children. Internal longitudinal ectromelia
      of the arm. Study of 38 cases in 31 children].

PMID- 3836055
TI  - [Prognostic factors in rectal cancer. Retrospective studies on 306 surgically
      treated patients].

PMID- 3836057
TI  - [Transhiatal esophagectomy. Technics and indications].

PMID- 3836056
TI  - [Computer-assisted prognostic study of 77 thyroid vesicular cancers].

PMID- 3836058
TI  - [Duodenal duplication in adults. Apropos of a case. Review of the literature].

PMID- 3836059
TI  - [Prognostic factors based on the evaluation of non-cancer clinical elements in
      emergency surgery in colonic oncology].

PMID- 3836060
TI  - [Pharyngo-esophagoplasty with free jejunal transplant. Apropos of 43 cases
      (cancer or benign lesions). Technics. Results. Indications].

PMID- 3836061
TI  - [Anaplastic cancer of the thyroid body (54 cases). Apropos of 32 cases].

PMID- 3836062
TI  - [Solitary ulcer of the rectum. Lessons and questions from the study of 12 new
      cases].

PMID- 3836063
TI  - [Total prostheses with external cortical support].

PMID- 3836064
TI  - [Closed traumatic lesions of the thoracic wall. Development of therapeutic
      concepts].

PMID- 3836065
TI  - [Hospital care of traumatologic emergencies].

PMID- 3836066
TI  - [Transhiatal esophagectomies].

PMID- 3836067
TI  - Why Diagnostic Cytopathology? The birth of a new journal.

PMID- 3836068
TI  - Aspiration biopsy of the lymph node--yea or nay.

PMID- 3836069
TI  - Lymph node aspiration biopsy. Diagnostic reliability and limitations--an analysis
      of 350 cases.
AB  - The results of fine needle aspiration biopsy of lymph nodes in 350 patients and
      the modified biopsy technique used at our institution are discussed. Of the 350
      cases, 209 aspirates were categorized as cytologically malignant, 102 as benign,
      30 as suspicious for malignancy, and 9 as unsatisfactory. Cervical lymph nodes
      were most commonly sampled (58%), and supra-clavicular nodes were most likely to
      be malignant (90%). The overall diagnostic accuracy achieved was 94%. One false
      positive and 9 (2%) false-negative results were observed in the 350 cases. In 3%
      of the 30 cases diagnosed as suspicious for malignancy, follow-up open biopsy of
      the lymph nodes in question proved them benign. The advantages and limitations of
      the procedure are discussed, as well as some of the possible sources of error,
      particularly in the diagnosis of lymphomas.

PMID- 3836070
TI  - Interpretation of endometrium obtained by the Endo-pap sampler and a clinical
      study of its use.
AB  - Endometrical cytology sampling using the Endo-pap sampler is an inexpensive,
      painless, and simple procedure. Tissue microfragments obtained include surface
      epithelial sheets, gland segments, and stromal cell aggregates. Gland segments
      are critical for evaluation of the sample. Glands are dilated in hyperplasia and
      there is nuclear crowding with increase of chromatin and nucleoli. In
      adenocarcinoma there is loss of glands with marked nuclear enlargement and
      pleomorphism. An understanding of endometrial histomorphology and its correlation
      with cytology is essential for accurate interpretation. In 1027 ambulatory
      patients screened, no complications were observed and 92% of the samples were
      adequate for cytologic diagnosis. Tissue diagnosis was obtained in 173 cases.
      There were 36 adenocarcinomas, of which 34 (94%) were diagnosed cytologically.
      There were 16 hyperplasias, of which 5 (31%) were diagnosed cytologically. The
      Endo-pap sampler was found effective in detecting endometrial adenocarcinoma.
      Further studies are needed to determine its diagnostic effectiveness in
      hyperplasia.

PMID- 3836071
TI  - Thyroid fine needle aspiration in pregnant women.

PMID- 3836072
TI  - The adequate Papanicolaou smear revisited.
AB  - The reliance on the Papanicolaou smear as a screening and diagnostic test for
      uterine cancer and its precursors infers that appraisal of the specimen's
      adequacy is based upon a uniform standard of quality. The presence or absence of
      endocervical cells in cervical samples has been suggested as one measure of a
      specimen's adequacy. Not all Cytologists are satisfied with the reliability of
      this criterion, however. On-going studies are indicated to determine those
      factors which are critical to the evaluation of the adequacy of these specimens.

PMID- 3836073
TI  - Smearing techniques for the concentration of particles from fine needle
      aspiration biopsy.
AB  - Fine needle aspiration biopsy of palpable masses yields a variety of specimens.
      Some are fluid, whereas others are semisolid; some contain numerous particles,
      whereas others contain no identifiable particulate fragments. Not surprisingly,
      no single smearing technique can reasonably be expected to provide good results
      with such a variety of specimens. This article describes a family of techniques,
      of which one or more are applicable to virtually any fine needle aspiration
      biopsy specimen. The techniques described and illustrated include the two-step,
      one-step, absorption, and watch-glass techniques.

PMID- 3836074
TI  - Osteoclastic giant cell tumor of the pancreas. Aspiration cytology, light
      microscopy, and ultrastructure with review of the literature.
AB  - The osteoclastic giant cell tumor of the pancreas is a rare primary neoplasm that
      by light and electron microscopy mimics giant cell tumor of bone. In the proper
      clinical setting, this lesion can be diagnosed by fine needle aspiration. Review
      of 10 cases reveals a female predominance, a median survival of 12 months, and a
      tendency for local invasion, rather than lymphatic or distant metastasis, and for
      invasion of large veins. An epithelial origin is favored for this malignant
      neoplasm, which expresses varying degrees of mesenchymal differentiation.

PMID- 3836075
TI  - Giant cell tumor of bone. A cytologic study of 24 cases.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with radiologic diagnoses of giant cell tumor of bone
      underwent fine needle aspiration cytology and needle biopsy for tissue diagnosis
      before curettage or resection. One patient had two tumors, making a total of 24
      cases. The accuracy of the cytologic diagnosis was compared with that of tissue
      biopsy. Cytologically there were mononucleated and multinucleated cells. The
      former often occurred in clusters or, less often, were dispersed. They had
      spindle or plump cell bodies with moderate amounts of cytoplasm and well-defined
      cytoplasmic membranes. The oval nuclei demonstrated fine, evenly distributed
      chromatin and small nucleoli. The multinucleated cells were osteoclastlike and
      were associated with the clusters of mononucleated cells or lying freely. They
      had a well-demarcated cytoplasm and contained from a few to several dozen
      monomorphic nuclei. Cytologic diagnosis was made in 20 of 24 cases, and
      histologic diagnosis was made in 21 of 24. Insufficient diagnostic material for
      cytology was the reason for failure in 4 cases. This was attributed to faulty
      technique (2 cases), cystic change (1 case), and massive necrosis (1 case). As
      other benign and malignant bone tumors may contain benign giant cells, cytologic
      or histologic findings alone are not diagnostic of giant cell tumor of bone, but
      should be complemented with the clinicoradiologic findings. Aspiration cytology
      is as accurate as tissue needle biopsy, may be of high diagnostic value in deeply
      located lesions not amenable to cutting needle biopsy, and should be done with
      full knowledge of the clinicoradiographic information.

PMID- 3836076
TI  - Pineal germinoma with widespread extracranial metastases.
AB  - A case of primary pineal germinoma with widespread extracranial metastasis in a
      36-year-old man is presented. A clinical work-up revealed bilateral pleural
      effusions, ascites, and metastatic lesions involving the lung. Cytology and
      electron microscopic study of the pleural and ascitic fluid and of the fine
      needle aspiration material revealed metastatic germinoma. Although the cytologic
      features were not distinct from those of anaplastic carcinoma, they were
      distinguishable from those of glial neoplasms, lymphoma, and sarcoma. The
      computed tomography findings, elevated human chorionic gonadotropin level, and
      electron microscopic features contributed significantly to the diagnosis of
      extracranial metastasis of the pineal germinoma. Metastatic spread most likely
      occurred via the ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

PMID- 3836077
TI  - Mucinous metaplasia in scar endometriosis. Diagnosis by aspiration cytology.
AB  - The clinicopathologic features of a case of scar endometriosis are presented. The
      lesion is unusual in that it occurred in a black woman following tubal surgery
      for ectopic pregnancy. The case appears to be unique in that the endometriotic
      focus was characterized by the presence of mucinous metaplasia. Diagnosis of this
      histopathologic curiosity was made by fine needle aspiration cytology.

PMID- 3836079
TI  - Chondroid chordoma of the skull base diagnosed by squash-smear technique.
AB  - Squash-smears of tissue from a chondroid chordoma arising from the skull base of
      a 26-year-old white man showed numerous single and clustered physaliferous cells
      with multiple intracytoplasmic vacuoles, and atypical cartilaginous cells in an
      amorphous myxoid background.

PMID- 3836078
TI  - Fine needle aspiration of osteitis fibrosa cystica.
AB  - The cytology findings of a fine needle aspiration biopsy from osteitis fibrosa
      cystica (brown tumor) of the rib in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism
      due to parathyroid carcinoma are discussed. Many multinucleated osteoclast-type
      giant cells, characteristic of either osteitis fibrosa cystica or benign giant
      cell tumor of bone, were noted. There were also spindly or fibrillary cells with
      single, ovoid nuclei, probably of stromal origin.

PMID- 3836080
TI  - Aspiration cytology of soft tissue and bone.

PMID- 3836081
TI  - Cytologic negativity in the diagnosis of secondary pulmonary neoplasms.
AB  - This retrospective study consisted of 55 patients with histologically confirmed
      metastatic cancer to the lung. Cytologic specimens were collected within 45 days
      before death. These included bronchial secretions, pleural effusions, and fine
      needle aspirations obtained randomly, either singly or in various combinations.
      The cytodiagnosis of cancer was made in 58% (32/55) of the patients. Originally,
      34% (11/32) of these had been false-negative cases. Morphologic features
      associated with cytologic negativity in 23 patients included apparent failure to
      invade the respiratory air compartment in 57% (13/23) of the cases; when
      applicable, failure to induce a pleural effusion with neoplastic invasion of
      pleural tissues in 75% (6/8); peripheral distribution of the metastatic nodules
      to the outer third of the pulmonary parenchyma in 26% (6/23); and tumor size of
      less than 1.5 cm in 57% (13/23).

PMID- 3836082
TI  - Cytopathology of mesenchymal repair.
AB  - Tissue repair is a common biologic process closely associated with the
      inflammatory response. The cytologic features of regeneration and repair of
      epithelial surfaces have been intensely studied and documented. Regeneration and
      repair occur in mesenchymal tissues and their radiographic and cytologic findings
      may closely simulate malignancy. This paper reviews the cytologic features of
      mesenchymal repair as seen in 44 aspiration biopsy specimens of bone, skeletal
      muscle, fibroadipose tissue, and fibrous connective tissue. In general, cytologic
      specimens from such lesions display variable but often scanty cellularity,
      prominent cellular heterogeneity with a spectrum of atypical features, an
      admixture of reactive fibroblasts, and evidence of a coexisting inflammatory
      reaction. Careful attention to cytologic detail and review of clinical and
      radiographic findings are mandatory in the evaluation of these specimens.

PMID- 3836083
TI  - Pulmonary cytopathology. The crossroad is here.

PMID- 3836084
TI  - Urinary cytology in diagnostic pathology.
AB  - In summary, the place of urinary cytology in diagnostic urologic pathology is now
      established. Recent emphasis on topical chemotherapy for superficial bladder
      neoplasms has made cytologic examination of urinary specimens essential for good
      patient care. Renewed interest in the method has resulted in improved
      preparations and diagnostic criteria. Important pitfalls in cellular analysis
      have been identified. New technologies, advances in therapy, and changes in
      classification will require continual adjustments in our approach to urinary
      cytology and the diagnostic cytopathologist should remain flexible while
      acquiring expertise in this area.

PMID- 3836085
TI  - Cytopathology of asbestos-associated pulmonary disease.
AB  - The goal of this investigation was to determine the practical role of
      cytopathology in the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of asbestos-related
      pulmonary diseases. For this purpose, sputum, bronchial washings, lung tissues,
      and pleural fluids were obtained from asbestos workers and controls. The asbestos
      associated pulmonary diseases studied were: (1) asbestosis, (2) carcinoma, and
      (3) mesothelioma. The cytology smears were prepared with both Papanicolaou and
      iron stains. Lung tissues were digested by the Chlorox (5.25% sodium hypochlorite
      solution) technique for quantitation of asbestos bodies. Asbestos bodies within
      the sputum were found to be highly specific markers for past asbestos exposure,
      indicating a heavy residual pulmonary asbestos load (greater than 900 asbestos
      bodies/g wet lung weight). Asbestos bodies in sputum were also found to have a
      highly significant relationship (P less than 0.001) with the degree of
      accompanying atypia of bronchial epithelial cells. Bronchial washings appeared to
      be more sensitive than sputum for the detection of asbestos bodies. Asbestos
      bodies were not found within the pleural fluids of malignant mesotheliomas. It is
      concluded that sputum cytology screening represents a practical, noninvasive, and
      inexpensive approach to the diagnosis and study of asbestos exposure.

PMID- 3836086
TI  - Effective use of bronchoscopy and sputa in the diagnosis of lung cancer.
AB  - The records of 134 patients who underwent bronchoscopy at the Forbes Health
      System hospitals between January 1, 1982 and December 31, 1983 were reviewed. The
      number of pre- and postbronchoscopy sputa obtained on each patient, final
      diagnosis, and follow-up for 6 to 30 months were obtained. Tissue obtained at
      bronchoscopy yielded a diagnosis of malignancy in 71 of 84 (84.5%) patients who
      received that final diagnosis. Addition of postbronchoscopy sputa examination
      increased the yield to 73 of 84 (86.9%). Prebronchoscopy sputa contributed no
      diagnoses beyond those made by bronchoscopically obtained material. The cost to
      the patient of examining pre- and postbronchoscopy sputa in addition to
      bronchoscopically obtained cytologic and biopsy material is 70% higher than that
      of examining bronchoscopically obtained material alone. Indirect costs of
      increased hospital stay may also be significant. We propose early bronchoscopy
      without prebronchoscopy sputa in cases where there is clinical suspicion of lung
      cancer. Postbronchoscopy sputa should be obtained, but only processed for
      microscopic examination if the bronchoscopically obtained material does not yield
      a diagnosis.

PMID- 3836087
TI  - Gastric remnant cancer after Billroth II procedure.
AB  - Six cases of gastric remnant cancer that occurred many years after Billroth II
      gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy for benign disease are reported. They are
      classified as intestinal type and gastric type on the basis of their morphologic
      appearance. Their cytologic and histologic features are tabulated along with a
      summary of the clinical histories. Emphasis is placed on the possible high risk
      for patients with Billroth II procedures of developing cancer 10 to 25 years
      after surgery. Endoscopic follow-up including cytologic study is essential to
      diagnose gastric remnant cancer in its early stage to secure a better prognosis.

PMID- 3836088
TI  - Transthoracic fine needle aspiration of primary and metastatic sarcomas.
AB  - Sarcomas, excluding lymphomas, are relatively uncommon targets of transthoracic
      fine needle aspiration. This paper presents a series of 11 adult patients with a
      variety of histologically documented sarcomas that were positive on transthoracic
      fine needle aspiration. Most tumors were metastatic from extrathoracic primary
      sites. We summarize the cytologic appearances of the aspirates and the clinical
      roles of fine needle aspiration in this setting. The aspirates resembled the
      corresponding histologic sections in cellular morphology. Nine different
      histologic types of sarcomas therefore produced a wide variety of cytologic
      appearances. Two findings, though not specific for sarcomas, were common and are
      suggested as clues to the recognition of sarcomas: (1) poor cohesion of cells and
      (2) numerous spindle cells. Transthoracic fine needle aspiration confirmed a
      strongly suspected clinical diagnosis in 7 cases, and it clarified a more obscure
      clinical diagnosis in 4 cases. Suggestions are presented for differential
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3836089
TI  - Occurrence of cilia in exfoliated ovarian adenocarcinoma cells.
AB  - Cilia identifiable by light microscopy occur extremely rarely in malignant tumor
      cells. This report documents the presence of cilia on exfoliated malignant tumor
      cells shed from an ovarian adenocarcinoma. Cilia-bearing tumor cells were
      observed in abdominal and pleural fluids. These cilia occurred at atypical
      locations. They were observed as unipolar, bipolar, lateral, and pericellular
      structures. Diagnostic features and implications of cilia in relation to
      malignant cells are discussed.

PMID- 3836090
TI  - Functional parathyroid carcinoma. Cytology, histology, and ultrastructure of a
      case.
AB  - A case of a functional parathyroid carcinoma that recurred 1 year after being
      resected is presented. The clinical and laboratory data and the histologic
      structure are presented with confirmatory electron microscopy. The preoperative
      aspiration biopsy showed findings suggestive of parathyroid carcinoma although
      simultaneous core biopsy results were reported as parathyroid adenoma. The
      differential cytologic diagnosis with thyroid neoplasms is discussed.

PMID- 3836091
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology of myositis ossificans.
AB  - Fine needle aspiration was performed on a large soft tissue mass of the left
      thigh and hip region in a 27-year-old paraplegic man. Cytologic examination
      revealed sheets of immature fibroblasts and scattered skeletal muscle cells in
      various stages of degeneration compatible with myositis ossificans. This case is
      probably the first needle aspiration cytology of this lesion. The danger of
      confusing the cytology with that of a sarcoma is emphasized.

PMID- 3836092
TI  - Clinician perception of fine needle aspiration cytology.
AB  - Private practitioners in San Francisco were surveyed about their perceptions of
      fine needle aspiration cytology. The overall response rate was 60% (369/614). The
      responding group was uncertain about the utility of fine needle aspiration
      cytology in several specific clinical settings, but 83% (307/369) believed fine
      needle aspiration cytology will be used more extensively in the future.

PMID- 3836093
TI  - New payment systems: a brilliant opportunity for cytology.

PMID- 3836094
TI  - Application of monoclonal antibody 44-3A6 in the cytodiagnosis and classification
      of pulmonary carcinomas.
AB  - Thirty-five pulmonary carcinomas were studied retrospectively with monoclonal
      antibody (MCA) 44-3A6 raised against a human adenocarcinoma cell line. The
      antibody was applied to cytologic smears of bronchial brushings originally
      stained with the Papanicolau method, and to conventional tissue sections. Ten of
      12 adenocarcinomas (ADC) immunostained strongly in sections and smears, as did
      five of seven large-cell "undifferentiated" carcinomas (LCUC). Eight
      neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) and eight squamous-cell carcinomas (SCC) were
      negative, except for rare weakly positive foci. We conclude that MCA 44-3A6 can
      be effectively applied on cytologic smears, and that it could be valuable in the
      precise classification of pulmonary carcinomas. The immunoreactivity of the ADC
      and SCC was predictable. Positive immunostaining in some LCUC confirms that these
      constitute a heterogeneus tumor class that includes cases that are phenotypically
      ADC despite the absence of obvious glands. Occasional immunostaining in NEC
      suggests focal exocrine differentiation as previously noted by electron
      microscopy.

PMID- 3836095
TI  - Esthesioneuroblastoma: cytologic features with differential diagnostic
      considerations.
AB  - A case of recurrent esthesioneuroblastoma was diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration
      of a midcervical mass. The cytologic features that characterize this uncommon
      neoplasm include uniform, small, round-to-oval cells with coarsely granular
      chromatin, multiple small nucleoli, prominent nuclear membranes, and scant
      cytoplasm. Morphologically and ultrastructurally, esthesioneuroblastoma cells
      resemble those of sympathetic neuroblastomas. Both tumors show rosette formation
      and minimal cellular pleomorphism, and, by electron microscopy, dense-core
      cytoplasmic granules can be identified. The cytologic recognition of
      esthesioneuroblastoma is important since it metastasizes to cervical lymph nodes
      accessible to fine-needle aspiration biopsy. In addition, the histogenesis of
      this unusual neuroectodermal tumor and its behavior are discussed.

PMID- 3836097
TI  - XII Congress of the International Diabetes Federation. Madrid, Spain, 23-28
      September 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3836096
TI  - The cells of benign and malignant hemangiopericytomas in aspiration biopsy.
AB  - Samples obtained by fine-needle biopsy of two benign and one malignant
      hemangiopericytoma revealed tumor cells with round, oval, or spindle-shaped
      nuclei, with variable and ill-defined filmy cytoplasm. The nuclei had a finely
      granular chromatin pattern with or without inconspicuous nucleoli. They were seen
      singly or in loose or dense cellular clusters. Focal gland-like arrangement of
      tumor cells was noted in some cellular clusters. Benign endothelial cells were
      seen among tumor cells and were not cohesive to the latter. The benign and
      malignant nature of hemangiopericytoma cannot be predicted by examination of the
      cells present in the aspirates. Also, a specific diagnosis of hemangiopericytoma
      could not be made on cytologic basis alone as cells of hemangiopericytoma were
      difficult to differentiate from those of other spindle-cell mesenchymal tumors.

PMID- 3836099
TI  - A new index of autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus: heat stimulated
      thermographic patterns.
AB  - Autonomic neuropathy, especially sympathicopathy, a life-threatening complication
      of diabetes mellitus, has been difficult to evaluate, and remains undetermined.
      We studied the thermographic patterns of 62 patients (50-69 years old), revealing
      the vasodilated activities of one leg by immersing the other leg in a warm water
      bath, for the detection of sympathetic neuropathy, using Thermoviewer MDJTG-MD.
      The normal pattern shows an increase in skin temperature, while the flat pattern
      shows no rise or even a paradoxical decrease. The latter had a significantly
      longer duration of diabetes and poor blood sugar control. The thermographic
      pattern is closely related to microangiopathy, R-R interval variation and motor
      nerve conduction velocity. However, R-R interval variation is often abnormal in
      patients with normal thermographic patterns, showing vasosympathetic
      abnormalities appearing far later in the development of diabetic neuropathy. The
      flat pattern develops slowly after at least several years of poor blood sugar
      control. Change in the pattern is also gradual and slow. The reproducibility of
      the pattern is excellent and requires relatively simple and noninvasive
      techniques. Thermography is one of the most reliable, reproducible and
      noninvasive indexes for finding and following diabetic sympathetic abnormalities.

PMID- 3836098
TI  - A high prevalence of obesity in a diabetic population: results of a survey of
      food patterns in 252 patients in a 2 year period.
AB  - Dietary patterns were reviewed and correlated with the patients' clinical details
      in 252 patients seen at the initial visit to a diabetic clinic of a major
      metropolitan teaching hospital. Except in the subgroup of male patients with
      insulin-dependent diabetes, there was an extremely high prevalence of obesity,
      especially in females (70% greater 120% of standard weight; 28% greater than
      150%). Traditional 'low-carbohydrate' diets were commonly found irrespective of
      ethnic origin, particularly in those individuals who had received previous
      dietary education. This study highlights the urgent need for public health
      education programmes in order to try to prevent the development of obesity since
      therapy remains unsatisfactory once it is established.

PMID- 3836100
TI  - Nerve conduction in diabetic pregnancy. A prospective study.
AB  - Repeated neurographic examinations were performed during and after the
      pregnancies of 32 diabetic women who had no signs of neuropathy before pregnancy
      or at the initial examination during the first trimester. The motor conduction
      velocity, the sensory conduction velocity and the peak amplitude of the compound
      action potential of the investigated peripheral nerves were not affected by
      pregnancy. It is concluded that pregnancy does not impair nerve conduction or
      induce neuropathy in most diabetic women.

PMID- 3836101
TI  - Characteristics of pulmonary function in patients with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The incidence of pulmonary diseases among diabetics in Japan has been found to be
      more than 50% at death. This suggests the existence of some pulmonary risk
      factors. We analyzed pulmonary functions in 50 diabetics (31 males and 19
      females) without overt lung disease, compared to 21 healthy male subjects of the
      same age (around 50 years old). Forced vital capacity and timed vital capacity
      were lower in diabetics (P less than 0.005). Diffusing capacity was also
      decreased in male diabetics (P less than 0.05). Among diabetics, a decrease in
      the diffusing capacity was dominant in patients with diabetic retinopathy, which
      correlated with an increasing duration of their diabetes. Analysis by the partial
      correlation method which accounts for the smoking index showed that standardized
      indices for peripheral airflow in male diabetics decreased significantly as the
      patient's age increased (P less than 0.005); the rate of decrement was greater
      than that of the control subjects. Diabetic patients showed abnormal lung
      function in the peripheral airways which increased with age and gas transfer was
      also affected by diabetic microangiopathy as well as the duration of diabetes.
      These changes seemed to deteriorate progressively, possibly combining and
      contributing to respiratory insufficiency in critical pathological conditions.

PMID- 3836102
TI  - Relationship between the R-R interval variation and metabolic states of diabetes.
AB  - To investigate whether the metabolic state of diabetes affects the R-R interval
      variation, 82 diabetics were studied at intervals of about 1 month and of about 1
      year. There was no significant relationship between the rate of change for FBG
      and that for R-R interval variation at both these intervals. However, in the
      cases that showed a change of HbA1 by more than 10% in a month, the rate of
      change for the R-R interval variation was 20 +/- 30% in the group with improved
      HbA1 and -9 +/- 17% in the group with aggravated HbA1, demonstrating a
      significant difference (P less than 0.05) between the 2 groups. There was a
      significant difference (P less than 0.02) in the rate of change for the R-R
      interval variation between the group with improved HbA1 by more than 5% and the
      group with aggravated HbA1 by more than 5%, when measured at intervals of 1 year.
      No special relationship was observed between the difference in R-R interval
      variation and each of the following: (1) the mean FBG for 1 year preceding the
      day of initial measurement of the R-R interval variation; (2) the mean FBG for
      the succeeding year; and (3) the difference in these 2. It was suggested that the
      R-R interval variation was likely to be affected by the metabolic state during
      the preceding 1-2 months.

PMID- 3836103
TI  - Thickening of the capillary basement membrane of the quadriceps muscle in Vacor
      induced diabetic patients.
AB  - The effect of Vacor diabetes mellitus on the quadriceps muscle capillary basement
      membrane thickness has been examined by the electron microscopic method. With
      this procedure, it was possible to obtain an objective evaluation of the
      significance of capillary basement membrane thickening in Vacor diabetes
      mellitus. The results of such a study on the muscle capillary basement membrane
      in 10 normal subjects and 9 Vacor-poisoned patients have demonstrated the
      following: (1) the average basement membrane width of Vacor patients (2801 A +/-
      SD 614) is over twice that of normal subjects (1300 +/- 185 A), and all 9 cases
      demonstrated muscle capillary basement membrane thickening; (2) there is a
      significant association of basement membrane width with age (P less than 0.01),
      but not with the duration of the disease or fasting blood glucose values in the
      Vacor group. The results of the present study indicate that diabetes mellitus
      induced by Vacor poisoning can lead to microangiopathy, and that such basement
      membrane thickening is an early and consistent finding.

PMID- 3836104
TI  - Diabetes in Wallis Polynesians: a comparison of residents of Wallis Island and
      first generation migrants to Noumea, New Caledonia.
AB  - A comparative study of diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance and obesity was
      undertaken in samples of rural Wallisians of Wallis Island and first generation
      Wallisian migrants in the urban centre of Noumea, New Caledonia. Approximately 20
      25% of the adult population of the 2 communities was included in the study.
      Wallisians in Noumea tended to be more obese than those in Wallis (particularly
      females). The prevalence of diabetes was 7 and 4 times higher in Noumea compared
      to Wallis for males and females respectively. Differences in the extent of
      obesity appeared to account for some of the difference in prevalence of diabetes,
      but other environmental factors (such as constituents of the diet, and exercise)
      must be operative as well. The results of this study are consistent with previous
      findings concerning environmental determinants of diabetes in Pacific
      populations.

PMID- 3836105
TI  - Non-insulin-dependent diabetes in Nauruans: a comparison of newly and previously
      diagnosed cases.
AB  - A comparison of 148 newly diagnosed ('incident') and 202 previously diagnosed
      ('prevalent') Nauruan diabetics, examined during a population survey in 1982, has
      permitted cautious inference regarding the natural history of non-insulin
      dependent diabetes (NIDDM) in this Micronesian population. As might be expected
      the results of the comparison do suggest that Nauruan diabetics undergo further
      deterioration in glucose tolerance, subsequent to diagnosis of the disease.
      Plasma glucose concentration is higher in prevalent than incident cases (males:
      fasting--12.2 versus 10.4 mmol/l; 2 h--18.9 versus 16.3 mmol/l; and females:
      fasting--13.1 versus 9.3 mmol/l; 2 h--20.3 versus 15.8 mmol/l) suggesting that
      present treatment measures may not be effective in this population. There was
      also some evidence that the metabolic consequences of NIDDM may be greater in
      female than in male Nauruans. Apart from plasma glucose concentration, of 8 other
      biological variables examined by univariate and multiple logistic regression
      analysis, three showed consistent differences between incident and prevalent
      cases in females, but none were consistently different in males. A relatively
      small difference in estimates of obesity was observed between incident and
      prevalent cases, and this was particularly notable in males. A number of
      potential sources of bias in this study are highlighted, and definitive,
      longitudinal studies will be required to corroborate these findings.

PMID- 3836106
TI  - Discrimination between cardiac para- and sympathetic damage in diabetics.
AB  - To analyze the autonomic mechanism on heart rate (HR) variations, pharmacological
      studies were performed on 8 healthy subjects and 6 diabetic patients. Three HR
      variations--in supine resting position, during deep breathing in supine position
      (respiratory HR variations), and on standing (orthostatic tachycardia; delta HR)-
      were examined. The results in healthy subjects and diabetics were similar. After
      administration of parasympathetic blockade with atropine, respiratory HR
      variations were almost abolished. However, no significant difference in delta HR
      was found. With the addition of beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol, delta
      HR was remarkably reduced. Propranolol alone did not affect the respiratory HR
      variations, but after propranolol administration delta HR was significantly
      reduced compared with that of the control. The present studies show that
      respiratory HR variations are predominantly mediated by parasympathicus, whereas
      orthostatic tachycardia is mediated by both sympathicus and parasympathicus,
      particularly by sumpathicus. This result suggests the possibility of
      discriminating the impairment of the 2 cardiac autonomic nervous systems by these
      simple and non-invasive tests.

PMID- 3836107
TI  - Relationship between hypoglycemic symptoms and blood glucose levels due to self
      monitoring in summer camp for diabetic children in Japan.
AB  - In a summer camp for 47 diabetic children in Kinki district, Japan, in 1984, the
      relationship between hypoglycemic symptoms and blood glucose levels by self
      monitoring was analyzed. During the 7-day camp, self-monitoring of blood glucose
      (SMBG) was carried out 599 times in total, 12.7 times per camper. SMBG due to
      hypoglycemic complaints amounted to 371. 154 measurements out of 371 indicated
      blood glucose levels under 80 mg/dl, but 78 monitorings were found to be over 200
      mg/dl. Fatigue or weakness were the most frequent hypoglycemic symptoms, as was
      hunger sensation, each reaching approximately 40% in frequency. In most
      complaints of tremor, the blood glucose level was critically low. Prompt
      measurement of blood glucose is indeed necessary to properly treat diabetic
      children with 'hypoglycemic' symptoms.

PMID- 3836108
TI  - Mortality and health service utilization amongst Melanesian and Indian diabetics
      in Fiji.
AB  - A population-based survey of the biracial population of Fiji conducted in 1980
      showed non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) prevalence to be high amongst urban
      Melanesians and Asian Indians. Follow-up of the cohort of urban residents has
      been conducted at the major sites of health service delivery in Suva, and
      surveillance now encompasses 4 years of such attendances. Age-adjusted mortality
      rates for diabetic subjects were increased compared with normal subjects
      (relative risks for 4 year mortality being 4.6 for Indians, P less than 0.01, and
      1.5 for Melanesians, P greater than 0.1). Inpatient admission rates were also
      increased amongst diabetic subjects, but only significantly for the females. The
      relative risk of admission was 3.1 for Melanesian and 2.6 for Indian females
      (both significant at P less than 0.05). These results suggest that NIDDM in these
      populations is associated with several adverse health outcomes, and confirms for
      developing country populations the association of NIDDM with excess mortality
      noted amongst developed country populations.

PMID- 3836109
TI  - Cardiorespiratory arrest in a patient with advanced diabetic autonomic
      neuropathy.
AB  - A 53-year-old diabetic woman who had been diabetic for 14 years had recurrent
      episodes of cardiorespiratory arrest, which were easily resuscitated by a few
      chest massages. In 2 of 4 episodes a radial pulse was detected, so respiratory
      arrest was thought to be a primary event. Pentazocine was injected several hours
      prior to each of the 3 episodes. This was considered to be a precipitating
      factor. From the first episode of cardiorespiratory arrest, she received oxygen
      inhalation. When oxygen inhalation was withdrawn for 5-10 min, she became
      cyanotic. This was considered to be a sign of lack of hypoxic drive mediated by
      peripheral chemoreceptors. Ventilatory responses to hypercapnia was markedly
      decreased, indicating impaired central chemosensitivity. The possibility that
      impaired chemosensitivity could be a cause of respiratory arrest was suggested.

PMID- 3836110
TI  - Central-peripheral distal axonopathy in the spontaneously diabetic BB-rat:
      ultrastructural and morphometric findings.
AB  - Central sensory nerve fibers were examined at distal (C3) and proximal (D12)
      levels of the gracile tract in the spontaneously diabetic BB-rat. Ultrastructural
      findings included early occurring malorientation of axoplasmic neurofilaments,
      axonal sequestration by honeycombing, and ensuing progressive axonal atrophy
      followed by Wallerian degeneration. Quantification of qualitative findings
      revealed a proximal to distal gradient in severity. Morphometric analysis
      confirmed a progressive myelinated fiber atrophy, which was more severe at the
      distal level. These findings are similar to those earlier described in peripheral
      sensory nerves of this model. Taken in concert with these previous findings, we
      conclude that the distal mainly sensory polyneuropathy in the diabetic BB-rat can
      be classified as a central-peripheral distal axonopathy.

PMID- 3836111
TI  - Relationship between the severity of diabetes mellitus and pancreatic exocrine
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3836112
TI  - Experimental endocarditis and fosfomycin.
AB  - The effectiveness of fosfomycin in combination with other antibiotics was studied
      in vitro and in the treatment of left-sided endocarditis in rabbits caused by S.
      sanguis, S. faecalis, S. aureus or P. aeruginosa. In vitro combinations of
      fosfomycin plus penicillin, fosfomycin plus cloxacillin, and fosfomycin plus
      amikacin were synergistic against the strains tested. In vivo synergism was also
      demonstrated since fosfomycin combinations produced a greater reduction in the
      number of CFU/g of vegetations than the administration of one antibiotic alone.

PMID- 3836113
TI  - Minaprine, a new drug with antidepressant properties.
AB  - Minaprine is a new psychotropic drug which has recently proved to be effective in
      the treatment of various depressive states. In rodents, minaprine exhibits an
      atypical spectrum of antidepressant and dopaminomimetic activities. Thus in mice
      minaprine antagonizes the effects of reserpine, decreases immobility time in the
      behavioural despair test and potentiates the effects of 5-HTP; in rats it
      antagonizes muricidal behaviour (blocked by PCPA or raphectomy). However,
      minaprine does not affect yohimbine lethality and does not induce anticholinergic
      effects in mice. Minaprine also activates central dopaminergic transmission. Thus
      at low doses the drug antagonizes neuroleptic-induced catalepsy and induces
      stereotypies in rats. These stereotypies are blocked by neuroleptics. In
      addition, minaprine (like apomorphine) induces contralateral turning in mice with
      a unilateral lesion of the striatum, whereas d-amphetamine induces ipsilateral
      rotations. Unlike classical dopaminomimetic drugs, minaprine does not stimulate
      locomotor activity in rats. The mechanisms by which minaprine exerts its effects
      are still unclear, since in vitro minaprine does not affect monoamine uptake or
      release and does not interact with monoamine receptors. In vivo, minaprine (acute
      doses) increases 5-HT, decreases 5-HIAA levels in various brain areas and weakly
      and reversibly inhibits type A MAO; subacute treatments lead to a decrease in the
      number of 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors. In addition, in the striatum the drug
      decreases HVA and DOPAC, and increases 3-MT levels, without affecting DA levels.
      Minaprine also weakly displaces (3H)-spiperone from striatal D2 receptors and
      increases striatal ACh levels. Finally, minaprine fails to affect brain NA or
      MHPG levels in acute doses and does not modify beta receptor density in subacute
      treatment. Thus minaprine appears to be a chemically and pharmacologically
      original antidepressant drug which activates both 5-HT- and DA-mediated
      transmission but which is devoid of NAergic and anticholinergic effects. This
      latter statement is confirmed by the good cardiovascular tolerance of minaprine
      in dog, monkey and humans, and by the lack of "tricyclic-like" anticholinergic
      side-effects in man.

PMID- 3836114
TI  - Flunarizine, cerebral blood flow and reversion of experimental atherosclerosis in
      rabbit.
AB  - Flunarizine is a calcium entry blocker active in the treatment of peripheral
      vascular disease. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of
      flunarizine on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and lipidic patterns in rabbits with
      dietary experimental atherosclerosis. Since it is well known that there is only a
      slight correlation between the severity of atheromatous lesions ascertained at
      necroscopy and the severity of clinical symptoms of cerebral vascular disease,
      the effect of the drug was assessed by measuring the CBF and compartmental
      distribution of blood flow in unanaesthetized rabbits by the intracarotid Xe-133
      clearance method; blood pressure, plasma lipids and tissue fat infiltration were
      also checked. An atherogenic diet brings about significant impairment of CBF.
      Flunarizine is inactive in normal rabbits if chronically administered at the
      daily dose of 10 mg/kg p.o. In atherosclerotic rabbits chronic treatment with
      flunarizine induced a pronounced increase in cerebral haemodynamic parameters.
      Arterial pressure and blood pCO2 were not significantly modified. Lipidic
      patterns were not markedly improved by flunarizine treatment in comparison with
      values for atherosclerotic animals. These data demonstrate that flunarizine
      treatment counteracts the haemodynamic effects of cerebral atherosclerosis. The
      pronounced activity on the cerebral vessels is accompanied by a weak antilipaemic
      effect.

PMID- 3836115
TI  - Established latent herpes simplex virus infections of mice not affected by
      adenosine monophosphate treatment.
AB  - Hairless mice with established latent herpes simplex virus infections in their
      trigeminal ganglia were treated for different time intervals with various doses
      of adenosine monophosphate. The treatment did not eliminate the latent infection
      and the results suggest that the drug did not reduce the amount of reactivatable
      virus present in latently infected ganglia. It appears therefore that adenosine
      monophosphate exerts its antiviral effects through non-specific mechanisms.

PMID- 3836116
TI  - Biological properties of benzodifuran derivatives.
AB  - The antiviral activity and the effect on DNA synthesis of two benzodifuran
      compounds were studied. DNA and some RNA viruses were significantly inhibited by
      concentrations ranging from 15 to 30 nM/ml. The inhibition of DNA synthesis in
      host cells was obtained with concentrations higher than those inhibiting virus
      replication. A favourable ratio between antiviral activity and inhibition of DNA
      synthesis of the host cells is present in these compounds. This activity is
      substantially due to the ability of the compounds to complex with DNA.

PMID- 3836117
TI  - First experience in the treatment of human hydatid disease with mebendazole.
AB  - The authors report their experience with mebendazole in human hydatid disease.
      Following a WHO-controlled protocol, 25 patients with hydatidosis were treated
      with mebendazole, 50 mg/kg/die for 4-8 months. A further 2 patients were treated
      with mebendazole 30 mg/kg/die for 6 months, outside the WHO protocol. The
      evaluation of the results was performed by clinical, radiological (X-ray,
      ultrasounds, computerized tomography) and immunological investigations
      (monitoring of indirect haemoagglutinating antibodies, specific IgE, lymphocytic
      blastization, circulating immune complexes, etc.). The results were encouraging
      and the side-effects were not important; nevertheless, many questions remain to
      be elucidated.

PMID- 3836118
TI  - Clinical assessment of sulbenicillin in acute respiratory tract infection.
AB  - The effectiveness of sulbenicillin was assessed in the treatment of 15 adults, 12
      suffering from bronchopneumonia and three from lobar pneumonia. Six patients had
      concomitant complications. At a parenteral dose of 2 g twice or thrice daily for
      at least seven days, all patients became afebrile by the sixth day, and chest X
      rays became normal in nine patients and improved in five. It is concluded that
      sulbenicillin, which was well tolerated, is clinically effective in the treatment
      of severe respiratory tract infections, also in patients with major impairment of
      their immune response systems.

PMID- 3836119
TI  - Results of treatment with sodium sulbenicillin in thirty elderly patients with
      acute bronchopulmonary infection.
AB  - Thirty elderly patients with acute bronchopulmonary infections were treated with
      intravenous sodium sulbenicillin for up to 20 days at a dose of 4-6 g/day.
      Clinical results were excellent in 19 cases and good in 10 cases. In one case
      treatment had to be discontinued due to a dermal side-effect. It is concluded
      that sulbenicillin is a useful therapy for acute bronchopulmonary infections in
      the elderly.

PMID- 3836120
TI  - Topical use of PVP-I (Betadine) preparations in patients with spinal cord injury.
AB  - Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) has a wide range of activity against bacteria. The
      author's clinical experience has indicated that it can be used successfully as a
      topical agent in the treatment of decubital ulcer in patients with spinal cord
      injury. To date, 110 patients have been treated with Betadine solution and
      ointment, topically applied at daily intervals. Of these, 70 patients had
      decubitus ulcers involving the sacral and trochanter region; 20 were chronic
      ulcers which cleared up well. Another 20 required rotation grafting procedure.
      Primary healing was achieved in all patients (1-4).

PMID- 3836121
TI  - The effect of control on the pattern of utilization of cefotaxime, moxalactam and
      cefoperazone in a teaching hospital.
AB  - In a 710-bed teaching hospital, the infectious disease section and pharmacy
      service initiated a joint programme to control and monitor the use of third
      generation cephalosporins (TGC): cefotaxime, moxalactam and cefoperazone. The
      policy requires that an infectious disease physician approve the use of a TGC
      prior to its administration. This retrospective study sought to assess the
      pattern of utilization of these agents. From January to December 1983, 109
      patient courses of cefotaxime (CT), moxalactam (MX), and cefoperazone (CP) were
      tabulated. Records from 92 patient courses were available for review (84.4%). The
      preliminary data show that 46.7% of TGC were used empirically to treat suspected
      infections without culture and sensitivity data, while 50.0% were used to treat
      various infections (central nervous system, pulmonary, wound, abdominal, biliary,
      urinary and blood) after culture and sensitivities were known. Only 3.3% of the
      TGC were used for surgical prophylaxis. In the empirical treatment group, the
      leading indications for use of TGC were central nervous system (CT = 40.0%, MX =
      48.0%) and biliary (CP = 23.1%) infections. In the treatment group with culture
      and sensitivity data, the primary uses of TGC were for the treatment of Gram
      negative pulmonary (MX = 28.0%, CP = 19.2%) and wound (CP = 15.4%) infections.
      This study shows that physician and pharmacy control does not eliminate empirical
      treatment with TGC; but it does narrow their use to situations in which their
      properties are best exploited.

PMID- 3836122
TI  - Norfloxacin in prostatitis: correlation between HPLC tissue concentrations and
      clinical results.
AB  - Prostatic infections are difficult both to diagnose and to treat and have
      negative influences on the fertility of the patient. Norfloxacin, a new quinolone
      antibacterial agent particularly active in urinary tract infections, gave
      excellent results (400 mg every 12 h for 10 days) in the treatment of chronic
      relapsing prostatitis in a group of 20 patients. An 85% success rate was recorded
      at the end of a follow-up period of 30 days without any undesired effects. This
      clinical study was paralleled by a pharmacokinetic evaluation of the serum, urine
      and prostatic tissue concentrations attained by the drug, measured by an HPLC
      assay on biological fluids and tissue extracts from surgical specimens of 15
      patients suffering from benign prostatic hypertrophy and given two 400 mg doses
      of norfloxacin in the 12 h preceding prostatectomy. The average tissue
      concentrations (1 microgram/gm), as compared with the MIC90 of the drug for the
      pathogens sustaining prostatic infections, appear quite sufficient to control the
      bacterial foci responsible for the chronic-relapsing course of prostatitis and
      easily account for the clinical success rate.

PMID- 3836123
TI  - An assay for screening drugs against animal-infective bloodstream forms of
      Trypanosoma brucei brucei in vitro.
AB  - A rapid and simple assay for in vitro drug screening has been established using
      the mammalian feeder layer cell system for continuous cultivation of infective
      bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei. A total of 21 trypanocides have
      been tested. Differences in sensitivity to standard trypanocides were detected
      among drug-susceptible isolates and strains of T. b. brucei. This assay may thus
      be of potential use for rapid detection of new drug-resistant isolates of T. b.
      brucei.

PMID- 3836124
TI  - Comparative in vitro activity of aztreonam and other antimicrobial agents against
      Salmonella species.
AB  - The in vitro activity of aztreonam, the first monobactam antibiotic, was compared
      with that of 17 other antimicrobial agents against 79 strains of Salmonella
      species. The microorganisms were isolated from hospitalized patients, surface
      waters and seafoods during the decade 1975-1984. They included the following
      species: Salmonella typhi 63, Salmonella typhimurium 5, Salmonella wien 5,
      Salmonella heidelberg 2, Salmonella arizonae 2, Salmonella paratyphi B 1 and
      Salmonella enteritidis 1. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of
      the antibiotics were determined using a serial dilution method in agar. A final
      inoculum size of 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) X ml-1 of the tested
      microorganisms was used. Aztreonam exhibited a superior antimicrobial activity to
      that of the other antibiotics tested. Aztreonam inhibited 90% of the strains by
      0.8 micrograms X ml-1 (MIC range was 0.05 to 1.56 micrograms X ml-1). There was
      no major difference between minimum bactericidal concentration and MIC values of
      aztreonam and the effect of inoculum size upon MIC values was observed at 10(7)
      CFU X ml-1.

PMID- 3836125
TI  - Norfloxacin: a three-day course for the treatment of urinary tract infection.
AB  - A total of 102 patients with urinary tract infection were treated with 400 mg
      norfloxacin twice daily for three days. Midstream specimens of urine were
      cultured at the initial visit and also one and five weeks after treatment. Forty
      eight out of 50 patients (96%) with significant bacteriuria were successfully
      treated and remained free from recurrences during the follow-up period. There was
      no evidence of serious toxicity and only minor adverse symptoms were recorded.

PMID- 3836126
TI  - Cardiotoxic effects of adriamycin and mitochondrial oxidation in rat cardiac
      tissue.
AB  - Rats were subjected to chronic treatment with adriamycin (ADR). Significant
      alterations of ECG tracings were induced, starting from the third week of
      treatment. These alterations were related to mitochondrial damage of the heart
      tissue. A decrease of respiration rate in phosphorylating conditions was observed
      in isolated organelles over a period of three weeks. Meanwhile, adriamycinol
      (ADRol) concentration in heart extracts increased during chronic treatment.

PMID- 3836129
TI  - Experimental comparative renal toxicity of lithium and rubidium.
AB  - Rat kidney was perfused using Krebs solution containing 3 or 6 mEq/l lithium or 3
      or 6 mEq/l rubidium; the histological lesions thus induced were compared.
      Rubidium-induced lesions, irrespective of concentrations, consisted of tubular
      dilations, degeneration and necrosis very similar to those induced by lower
      concentrations of lithium; moreover, Bowman space alterations were observed. In
      contrast, lithium-induced damage was dose-dependent: 6 mEq/l solution induced
      severe tubular damage with necrosis, endoluminal cellular debris and hyaline
      substance.

PMID- 3836127
TI  - Preliminary evaluation of myocardial toxicity of 4'-deoxydoxorubicin:
      experimental and clinical results.
AB  - 4'-deoxydoxorubicin (4'-deoxy-DXR), a new doxorubicin (DXR) analogue with
      interesting antineoplastic activity, was tested for its cardiotoxicity in guinea
      pigs and humans. In experiments on isolated guinea pig heart, which is considered
      a highly predictive model of acute anthracycline cardiotoxicity in humans, 4'
      deoxy-DXR was found to be significantly less cardiotoxic than DXR. This effect
      was correlated with a lower degree of inhibition of the fast-exchanging calcium
      compartment and of the low affinity sarcolemmal calcium-binding sites. The
      preliminary study on 4'-deoxy-DXR in humans was conducted on 117 patients
      affected by advanced malignancies resistant to conventional chemotherapy. The
      drug was administered by bolus i.v. injection in doses ranging from 10 to 40
      mg/m2 in the phase I study and in doses of 35 mg/m2 in the phase II study, which
      is still ongoing. Cardiologic evaluation consisted of recording of EKG, left
      ventricular systolic time intervals (STI), echocardiography and radionuclide
      ejection fraction. Preliminary data indicated a lower percentage of EKG
      abnormalities in comparison not only with DXR but also with other anthracycline
      analogues. Analysis of STI recorded 1 h after different doses of 4'-deoxy-DXR
      failed to show the dose-dependent effect on left ventricular function which has
      been described for DXR, thus confirming the lower acute cardiotoxic effect.
      Functional parameters serially measured to evaluate chronic cardiotoxicity in 15
      patients who received more than 200 mg/m2 were not significantly different from
      basal values.

PMID- 3836128
TI  - Sensitivity testing of bacteria to ceftriaxone using discs with different amounts
      of antibiotic.
AB  - Studies were performed to compare the results of sensitivity testing of bacteria
      to ceftriaxone using discs containing 10, 20, 30 and 40 micrograms of the
      antibiotic. The highest correlation between diameters of zone inhibition and MIC
      values was found with discs containing 30 micrograms of ceftriaxone. The lowest
      percentage of false results was also obtained with 30 micrograms discs.

PMID- 3836130
TI  - Tissue distribution of methotrexate in rats. A comparison between intravenous
      injection as bolus or drip infusion.
AB  - Concentrations of methotrexate (MTX, 30 mg/kg) in rat sera and tissues were
      compared after the drug was administered by i.v. route as bolus injection or by
      drip infusion. Plasma and tissue specimens were collected after 1 h and 4 h and
      assayed for MTX by RIA. After 1 h the continuous infusion gave higher MTX levels
      in plasma, liver, bowel, lung, kidney, testicle and muscle; bolus injection gave
      higher levels in brain. No differences in levels were found in fat. After 4 h the
      differences between the two methods of administration were still appreciable only
      in liver, testicle and muscle. The differences were confirmed by determination of
      AUC for sera and tissue levels (1-4 h). These data suggest that continuous
      infusion may be more useful to obtain the highest levels of MTX in tissues with
      low or medium blood flow (as is probably the case in cancer tissue). Bolus
      injection, on the other hand, promotes the flow of the drug across the blood
      brain barrier.

PMID- 3836131
TI  - Fluorescence in sections of cardiac muscle from rats acutely treated with 4'-0
      tetrahydropyranil-adriamycin hydrochloride (THP).
AB  - An investigation was undertaken of the capacity of thepirubicin (THP), a new
      anthracycline derivative with reduced cardiotoxicity, to be fixed in the
      myocardial fibre, as compared with that of adriamycin hydrochloride (ADR), using
      a method based on the histofluorescence of tissues treated in vivo with
      anthracyclines. Histological examination of heart sections from rats perfused
      with either THP or ADR showed similar results. The major difference was the lower
      quantitative localization of THP in the cytoplasm, although this quantitative
      difference was not so pronounced in the nuclei. This suggests that cardiac
      lesions may be due not to the basic action of anthracyclines on DNA but to
      collateral effects not yet identified.

PMID- 3836132
TI  - Proglumetacin in arthritis of the hip and the knee. Results of a post-marketing
      surveillance study.
AB  - An open, multicentre, outpatient study involving 77 Italian orthopaedic and
      rheumatology centres was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of
      proglumetacin in the treatment of arthritis of the hip and of the knee. A total
      of 1522 patients each received 450 mg/day proglumetacin (150 mg tablets X 3) for
      a period of 4 weeks, with checks at the end of weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4. The
      evaluation of efficacy was carried out using the following parameters: pain,
      inactivity, stiffness, limitation of mobility. Pain was reduced by 62% from the
      beginning to the end of the study. Complete tolerability was demonstrated in
      82.9% (1262 patients) of the study group; side-effects, mainly involving the
      gastrointestinal tract, were seen in only 17.1% of the study group (260
      patients). Side-effects were reported in 2.2% of the patients; 5.3% of these were
      shown to result from proglumetacin treatment. It was concluded that
      proglumetacin, at the optimum dose of 450 mg/day, answers the need for an
      effective and well tolerated drug of first choice in the treatment of arthritis.

PMID- 3836133
TI  - Ultrastructure of staphylococci in respiratory infections treated with nafcillin.
AB  - A patient with a pleural effusion containing Staphylococcus aureus was treated
      with nafcillin. Another patient with bilateral upper lobe infiltrates which grew
      S. aureus from a catheter inserted through a fiberoptic bronchoscope into the
      lesion was also treated with nafcillin. Electron microscopy of organisms grown
      while the patients were receiving nafcillin showed staphylococci which were twice
      as large as normal and contained multiple cross-walls and normal peripheral cell
      walls. Such abnormal staphylococci result from exposure to subminimum inhibitory
      concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 3836134
TI  - Combined cefuroxime plus acetylcysteine in the treatment of bacterial infections
      of the respiratory tract.
AB  - Fifty adult patients (29 males, 21 females) suffering from respiratory tract
      infections with substantial production of mucus were treated with cefuroxime 1 g
      and acetylcysteine 300 mg administered simultaneously by i.m. injection twice
      daily for 10 days. Bacteriological tests were performed before and after
      treatment. Clinical variables (fever, cough, quantity and type of sputum,
      difficulty in expectorating) were evaluated, and assigned scores ranging from 0
      to 3 according to an arbitrary semiquantitative scoring system. The therapeutic
      results obtained were positive. No side-effects were observed.

PMID- 3836135
TI  - A non-absorbable rifamycin for treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.
AB  - Ammonia (NH3) plays a role in hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Agents affecting
      colonic ammonia production, such as non-absorbable antibiotics, decrease plasma
      levels of NH3 and findings of HE. The short-term efficacy of a non-absorbable
      rifamycin, rifaximin, was studied in comparison with paramomycin in 20 cirrhotic
      patients with high levels of NH3 and impaired number connection test (NCT). Both
      antibiotics significantly decreased ammonia-producing colonic bacteria. Rifaximin
      proved to be active on both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and is thus effective,
      even at the dosage used, in the treatment of HE.

PMID- 3836136
TI  - In vitro sensitivity of Malassezia spp. to various antimycotics.
AB  - The sensitivity of Malassezia furfur and Malassezia pachydermatis to various
      antimicrobial agents both as single compounds and combined with various vehicles
      was evaluated in vitro using the agar diffusion method. Clotrimazole,
      thiabendazole, ketoconazole, econazole, miconazole and other agents were chosen
      taking into account their specific commercial formulations and their utilization
      in mycotic pathologies sustained by Malassezia genus in man and animals. The
      antimicrobial agents were compared with nystatin and amphotericin, regarded as
      references because of their well established activity against this species, and
      with some aspecific disinfectants. The results showed that the substances were
      effective in inhibiting the growth of these organisms, but that there was no
      relationship between in vitro activity and commercial formulations of the
      antimicrobials. Considerations concerning the relationships between Malassezia
      species in determining zoonotic pathologies and suggestions for the therapeutic
      use of drugs are reported.

PMID- 3836137
TI  - Antilipolytic activity of tiadenol-nicotinate in isolated fat cells: a comparison
      with its parent drugs.
AB  - Tiadenol-nicotinate is an ester in which two molecules of nicotinic acid are
      linked to one molecule of tiadenol. In the present study the antilipolytic
      activity of tiadenol-nicotinate was evaluated in isolated rat fat cells and a
      direct comparison was made with the parent drugs. Basal lipolysis was not
      affected by tiadenol-nicotinate or by nicotinic acid, but it was reduced by a
      high concentration of tiadenol (10(-3) M) alone or associated with a double
      concentration of nicotinic acid. Tiadenol-nicotinate (10(-5)-10(-3) M) was very
      effective in antagonizing the lipolytic action of epinephrine (10(-6) M) and of
      theophylline (3 X 10(-4) M). The latter drugs were equally sensitive to the
      inhibitory effect of tiadenol, while nicotinic acid reduced the action of
      theophylline more than the effect of the catecholamine. Neither of the parent
      drugs was as effective as tiadenol-nicotinate at this level. However, nicotinic
      acid potentiated the antilipolytic effect of tiadenol, thus making it possible to
      reach an inhibitory effect quantitatively similar to or even higher than the
      effect of tiadenol-nicotinate. These results show that tiadenol-nicotinate is a
      potent antilipolytic agent in vitro and that its effect may be due to hydrolysis
      of the ester and release of the parent drugs. The possible therapeutic value of
      tiadenol-nicotinate is discussed.

PMID- 3836138
TI  - Brain cell cultures--a tool in neurobiology.

PMID- 3836139
TI  - Laminin promotes cerebellar granule cells migration in vitro and is synthesized
      by cultured astrocytes.
AB  - Newborn rat cerebellum microexplants have been used as a model to study neuronal
      migration. Laminin in a substrate-bound form modifies extensively the migratory
      behavior of the neurones, an effect which is blocked if antilaminin antibodies
      are present during the assay. 35S methionine incorporation followed by SDS-PAGE
      electrophoresis, fluorography and immunoprecipitation with antilaminin antibodies
      allowed to demonstrate that laminin is synthesized and secreted by cultured
      newborn rat cerebellum as well as by cultured newborn rat cerebral cortex
      astrocytes.

PMID- 3836140
TI  - Effect of mitogens in various organs and cell culture conditioned media on rat
      oligodendrocytes.
AB  - Extracts prepared from embryonic, neonatal and adult rat brain were examined for
      the presence of oligodendroglial mitogens. Brain-derived mitogenic activities
      were found in all developmental stages with specific activity increasing during
      neonatal development. Extracts from postnatal day 7 contained the highest
      specific activity. Upon fractionation by molecular weight, each developmental
      stage expressed a peak of mitogenic activity corresponding to 67,000 daltons.
      This fraction was able to induce proliferation in cultures grown in serum,
      serumless chemically defined medium or serum-free medium alone. Neonatal and
      adult brain extracts had an additional peak of activity at 14,000 daltons. This
      latter activity was expressed only under serum-supplemented culture conditions.
      Mitogenic activity was also found in conditioned media from the clonal glioma
      cell line C6 and primary astrocytes and in extracts derived from neonatal rat
      liver. These data indicate that a limited range of brain-derived mitogens for
      oligodendrocytes exist during development and adulthood.

PMID- 3836141
TI  - Nerve cells of adult and aged mice grown in a monolayer culture: age-associated
      changes in morphological and physiological properties of dorsal root ganglion
      cells in vitro.
AB  - In order to differentiate age-associated changes in morphological and
      physiological properties of mammalian nerve cells, dorsal root ganglion (DRG)
      cells of aged mice (C57BL/6; 98-99 weeks old) were grown in a monolayer culture.
      Neurite outgrowth, changes in shape and size of their soma and functional
      properties of their plasma membranes were compared to those of tissue-cultured
      DRG cells from young adult mice (4-8 weeks old). Trigeminal root ganglion (TRG)
      cells of aged mice were also grown in a monolayer culture, and their in vitro
      growth was compared to that of the aged DRG cells. Nerve cells were dissociated
      from DRG (or TRG) by digestion with collagenase and by trituration and were grown
      on collagen-coated plastic dishes for more than 14 days. Growth of neurites and
      changes in the size and shape of the nerve cell soma were viewed under a phase
      contrast microscope, and physiological properties of the plasma membrane were
      studied by conventional intracellular recordings with a glass microelectrode.
      Both adult and aged DRG cells grew neurites of various length and underwent
      changes in shape and size of their soma, which could be divided into 2 stages;
      early and late. In the early stage of tissue culture (0-60 h in vitro), nerve
      cells altered their shape from a spherical to a spindle-like form. This change
      was not associated with the reduction in cell size. In the late stage of the
      tissue culture (3-14 days and thereafter), the DRG reduced their cell size, while
      changes in shape remained small. Quantitative comparison of the adult and aged
      DRG nerve cells revealed the following 3 major differences between 2 cultures:
      the survival fraction of the aged DRG cells counted at 36-48 h in vitro was 1/4
      to 1/10 of that of the adult DRG cells in 3 different tissue culture trials;
      reduction in the cell size occurred much earlier in the aged than in the adult
      nerve cells; the rate of reduction in size of the aged DRG cells was large in
      comparison with that of the adult DRG cells. No difference in neurite growth or
      in physiological properties (resting membrane potential, input resistance, input
      capacitance or capability of generating both Na and Ca spikes) was detected
      between the aged and adult nerve cells in tissue culture.

PMID- 3836142
TI  - Modification of alkaline phosphatases by treatment with glycosidases.
AB  - The tissue-specific variants of alkaline phosphatase that are characteristic of
      human liver and bone are believed to possess identical protein cores;
      nevertheless, they differ in certain properties such as electrophoretic mobility
      and stability to heat. Their electrophoretic mobilities are modified by digestion
      with various glycosidases. Furthermore, the difference in heat stability between
      them is reduced by treatment with a glycosidase preparation from Trichomonas
      foetalis. These results are consistent with the view that these enzyme variants
      differ only in their carbohydrate moieties.

PMID- 3836143
TI  - Effects of substrate fatty acids on products of lecithin hydrolysis and acyl-CoA
      independent transacylation with cholesterol by aortic enzyme preparations.
AB  - The acyl composition of substrates and products of enzymatic hydrolysis and
      transacylation of lecithin with cholesterol in the arterial wall was
      investigated. Saturated acyl residues predominated in lysolecithin and
      unsaturated ones in acids released by hydrolysis of egg lecithin. In the reaction
      system with cholesterol, saturated acyls predominated in both lysolecithin and
      acids released whereas unsaturated ones were more abundant in newly formed
      acylcholesterols. Mainly unsaturated acyls were present in the hydrolysis
      products from soybean lecithin in the reaction systems with and without
      cholesterol. For acylcholesterols formed in the presence of either lecithin, the
      percent values are in the numerical order of C18:2 greater than C18:1 greater
      than C16:0 greater than or equal to C18:0. It It is concluded that acyl
      preferences and interactions in the enzyme-catalyzed reactions studied may
      contribute to the different accumulation and removal of the compounds involved
      from the artery.

PMID- 3836144
TI  - Comparison of thioltransferase (glutathione:disulfide oxidoreductase) from
      various rat tissues.
AB  - Thioltransferase activity was detected in kidney, heart, epididymal fat pads and
      skeletal muscles, and was inhibited at high concentrations (greater than 1.6
      mmol/l) of reduced glutathione. With several disulfide substrates the Vmax and Km
      for thioltransferase in kidney, heart, soleus and extensor digitorum longus were
      considerably smaller than in liver. The enzyme from tibialis anterior showed
      similar kinetic constants as from liver with certain substrates but not with L
      cystine.

PMID- 3836145
TI  - The decline in catalytic enzyme activity concentration with aging of the rabbit
      erythrocyte.
AB  - Rabbit erythrocytes were separated by centrifugation on a discontinuous Percoll
      gradient into fractions of progressively increasing cell age to measure the in
      vivo decline in catalytic activity of eleven enzymes during the erythrocyte life
      span. Erythrocyte enzymes decline exponentially at different rates. The maximal
      and minimal catalytic activities (erythrocyte catalytic activity at the beginning
      and at the end of the erythrocyte life span), the intracellular half-life of
      enzymes and the daily loss of catalytic activity of total body erythrocytes were
      estimated.

PMID- 3836146
TI  - Hand-use preference for reaching and object manipulation in 6- through 13-month
      old infants.
AB  - Validity, reliability, and stability of separate assessment of hand-use
      preferences for reaching, object manipulation, and complementary bimanual action
      were determined for 6 through 13 month-old male and female infants. Only hand-use
      preferences for complementary bimanual action varied with age. Females had more
      distinct hand-use preference than males but only for object manipulation.
      Comparison of hand-use preference among these different sensorimotor skills can
      provide a richer evaluation of infant handedness status required for systematic
      study of the development of neuropsychological functions during infancy.

PMID- 3836147
TI  - Development of linear measurement in five- and six-year-old children.
AB  - This study sought to identify the higher level knowledge (e.g., conservation of
      number) necessary for a child to understand linear measurement and to chart the
      growth of linear measurement in terms of the development of its components. To
      assess the presence of these components, a battery of 34 number, length, and
      distance tasks was developed and administered to 100 children between the ages of
      63 and 78 months from kindergarten and Grade 1. Results indicate that there is a
      substantial delay between acquisition of the necessary components and emergence
      of a mature grasp of linear measurement. The collection of components for the
      number and length domains form scaled sets; within each domain, however, the
      pattern of development is marked by discontinuities. These discontinuities are
      interpreted as being associated with the need to reorganize number and length
      concepts. Most elements of the observed sequences of development are predicted by
      Piagetian theory, although others, such as asynchronies between conservation and
      transitive inferences of nonequivalence, are more consistent with Gagne's (1968)
      model of development.

PMID- 3836148
TI  - Self-assessment of competency in geriatric dentistry.

PMID- 3836149
TI  - The future of geriatric medicine.

PMID- 3836151
TI  - The application of social work skills in gerontology education.

PMID- 3836150
TI  - The use of videotaped role playing in training and evaluating gerontological
      counseling and outreach skills.

PMID- 3836152
TI  - Perceived adequacy of geriatric training in a family practice residency program.

PMID- 3836153
TI  - [Pelvic exenteration in cancer of the cervix uteri. Analysis of 252 cases].

PMID- 3836155
TI  - Methods of strategic planning for blood services.
AB  - Among the operations research methods applied to strategic planning problems
      mixed integer programming has proven to be a very useful framework for a
      mathematical formulation of the important strategic relations in blood services.
      A case study shows how the method works with mathematical details omitted. The
      input data and the results are illustrated and discussed.

PMID- 3836154
TI  - [Ectopic pregnancy. An epidemiologic study].

PMID- 3836156
TI  - Inhibitory effect of monocyte reactive antibodies on monocyte chemotaxis in
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Presence of different types of autoantibodies is a basic feature of systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE). Though monocytes, macrophages play an important role
      in cellular immunity, autoantibodies against monocytes have not been sufficiently
      studied. The authors used automatic fluorochromatic assay to detect monocyte
      reactive autoantibodies in the sera of SLE patients. Of SLE 35.5% sera showed
      complement-mediated monocytotoxic activity against healthy monocytes. Monocyte
      reactive SLE sera as well as monoclonal antibodies against human monocytes
      inhibited chemotaxis of control monocytes. The results suggest that monocyte
      reactive autoantibodies may play a role in the decreased monocyte number and
      defective monocyte functions observed in SLE.

PMID- 3836157
TI  - Screening of toxic-haemolytic anaemia in laboratory rats: a model of
      phenylhydrazine-induced haemolysis.
AB  - An increase of the plasma haemoglobin level was found to be a reliable
      characteristic of toxic-haemolytic anaemia induced by a single dose of
      phenylhydrazine in laboratory rats. Very high doses of the substance increased
      the changes in many other characteristics to an extent that was up to now
      observed only for haemolytic events.

PMID- 3836158
TI  - Genetic polymorphism of the Gypsy population in Hungary as based on studies of
      red blood cell antigens.
AB  - Based on the examination of blood groups (ABO, Rh, MNSs, Duffy, Kell-Cellano, P,
      Kidd, Lewis, LW) the genetic polymorphism of the Gypsy population living in
      Hungary has been studied. Comparisons were made between Hungarian Gypsy and non
      Gypsy populations, and significant differences were found in the incidence of
      most of the tested blood groups.

PMID- 3836159
TI  - Vesicle release from erythrocytes during storage and failure of rejuvenation to
      restore cell morphology.
AB  - During storage, discocyte-echinocyte transformation of erythrocytes occurs
      progressively and microvesicles release from the spicules in the form of membrane
      encapsulated red cell fragments. After rejuvenation part of the membrane
      deficient cells, mainly spheroechinocytes, transform into spherostomatocytes
      because of their inability of restoring the surface area to volume ratios of
      normal discocytes. The proportion of spherostomatocytes formed on rejuvenation
      increases with storage time. Numerical indices for characterizing the "level of
      reversion" and the "quality of reversion" were developed. Osmotic fragility
      curves and light scattering histograms also reflected a partially irreversible
      increase of inhomogeneity of stored cell populations.

PMID- 3836160
TI  - Cytotoxic activity of peripheral mononuclear cells in normal pregnancy.
AB  - Killer-cell activity was studied in healthy pregnants in all three trimesters of
      pregnancy. Results were compared with values obtained three months after
      delivery, as well as with similar data of non-pregnant women. The effect of
      pregnant and non-pregnant sera on cytotoxic activity has also been investigated.
      Killer-cell activity was measured by a capacity test on antibody coated human red
      blood cells. According to the results, healthy pregnancy did not influence the
      maternal killer-cell activity. On the other hand, the various sera had a
      decreasing effect on the killer-cell activity of both pregnant and non-pregnant
      women. Attention is called to the aspecific inhibitory effect of sera.

PMID- 3836161
TI  - Granulocyte enriched buffy coat transfusions in neutropenic patients.
AB  - Twenty four courses of granulocyte enriched buffy coat transfusions were
      administered to 22 different infected neutropenic patients. Those patients who
      received an average of greater than or equal to 13 units per transfusion, which
      represented a mean of 1.02 X 10(10) granulocytes, had a survival rate of only 30%
      which was not significantly different from the 28.5% found among patients who
      received an average of less than or equal to 12 units per transfusion, which
      represented a mean of .63 X 10(10) granulocytes. In addition, no significant
      difference in survival rate was found between patients who received a course of
      greater than or equal to four transfusions and those who received a course of
      less than or equal to three transfusions. Finally, no significant difference in
      survival rate was found between patients with acute leukemia and those with other
      disorders or between patients with positive cultures and those whose cultures
      were negative. Given the poor clinical results associated with buffy coat
      transfusions, it is concluded that every effort should be made to recruit single
      leukapheresis donors for the support of infected neutropenic patients, rather
      than use granulocyte enriched buffy coats as they are presently produced.

PMID- 3836162
TI  - [The inhibitory material in human seminal plasma].

PMID- 3836164
TI  - [Effect of ageing on biological rhythms].

PMID- 3836163
TI  - [The course of acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients].

PMID- 3836165
TI  - [Percutaneous transrenal extraction of stones from the upper ureter].

PMID- 3836166
TI  - [Vesico-ureteral reflux in children].

PMID- 3836167
TI  - [The importance of early diagnosis of malignant melanoma in pregnancy].

PMID- 3836168
TI  - [Capillary vs venous serum bilirubin measurements].

PMID- 3836169
TI  - [Ricin poisoning at a children's party].

PMID- 3836171
TI  - [The Israeli health system: goals, problems and limitations].

PMID- 3836170
TI  - [The clinical spectrum of wandering spleen].

PMID- 3836172
TI  - [A new look at selenium].

PMID- 3836173
TI  - [The defence mechanism against bacteria in the urinary tract].

PMID- 3836174
TI  - [Upper urinary tract calculi--new methods of treatment].

PMID- 3836175
TI  - [Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: diagnostic and therapeutic implications].

PMID- 3836176
TI  - [Computed tomography of the brain in dementia].

PMID- 3836177
TI  - [Myxedema myopathy].

PMID- 3836178
TI  - [Clinical diagnosis: chronic lung disease in a patient under treatment for
      Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 3836179
TI  - Morphologic and cytochemical studies of the pig's pinealocytes with special
      consideration to the cytoplasmic dense bodies.

PMID- 3836180
TI  - Ultrastructure and topography of dense bodies in pinealocytes of castrated males
      of domestic pig.

PMID- 3836181
TI  - Morphology and topography of substantia nigra in Insectivora.

PMID- 3836182
TI  - Some remarks on the general structure of the solitary tract nucleus in rat.

PMID- 3836183
TI  - Human anterior fonticulus during the fetal period.

PMID- 3836184
TI  - Relations between maxillary artery and the otic ganglion.

PMID- 3836185
TI  - Analytical method of investigations of ribs, sternum and diaphragm on radiograms.

PMID- 3836186
TI  - Morphology of the tendinous chords in the left ventricle of human heart.

PMID- 3836187
TI  - Arteries of the kidney in domestic sheep.

PMID- 3836188
TI  - Composition in N, Ca, P and Mg in the group uterus, placenta and foetus until day
      14 of gestation in the rat. Influence of the hydrocortisone acetate.

PMID- 3836190
TI  - Variations in the origin of the deep femoral arteries in human fetuses.

PMID- 3836189
TI  - Composition in N, Ca, P and Mg in the uterus, placenta and foetus from day 16 to
      day 21 of gestation in the rat. Influence of the hydrocortisone acetate.

PMID- 3836191
TI  - Effect of isoniazid on folic acid status in Swiss mice and rats.
AB  - Effect of isoniazid (INH) and its metabolites e.g. mono and diacetyl hydrazines
      (MAH and DAH respectively) was studied on circulating and tissue folates in mice
      (a species susceptible to INH tumorigenicity) and rats (a species resistant to
      INH carcinogenicity). It was observed that ip injection of INH, MAH and mydrazine
      sulfate (HS, 0.18 mg/g) decreased blood folates in mice while only HS and MAH
      decreased blood folates in rats. DAH had no effect on blood folates of mice or
      rats. Long term feeding of MAH and HS to mice decreased blood folates in treated
      mice at the age of 17 and 22 months respectively.

PMID- 3836193
TI  - Effect of graded distension of urinary bladder on arterial blood pressure and
      neurohumors in rabbits.
AB  - Effect of graded distension of urinary bladder has been observed on the
      circulating level of catecholamine, cortisol and serotonin along with arterial
      blood pressure in rabbits. Simultaneously adrenal catecholamine has been also
      investigated. Similar pattern of increase has been observed in the levels of
      catecholamine, cortisol, serotonin and arterial blood pressure after bladder
      distension at 20 ml, 40 ml and 60 ml volumes. On this basis, it may be inferred
      that there is some role of the vasoconstrictor humors released during bladder
      distension in pressor response. At the same time, decrease in adrenal
      catecholamine level also supports this.

PMID- 3836192
TI  - Sensorimotor changes following lesion of mid-dorsal caudate nucleus in rats.
AB  - Effects of mid-dorsal caudate nucleus on sensorimotor changes were studied in
      rats. After electrolytic lesion of this area of brain there was impairment in
      sensory functions and decline in motor component was observed to be statistically
      significant.

PMID- 3836194
TI  - Variation of sex chromatin percentage during menstrual cycle and menopause.
AB  - Buccal smears were obtained from 2 groups of women to study the percentage of
      Barr bodies. The first group comprised of normal women with regular menstrual
      cycle between the age group 18-22 years. The second group comprised of Menopausal
      women in the age group 47-55 years. A definite variation in percentage of barr
      bodies was observed in the first group whereas the percentage remained normal in
      the second group.

PMID- 3836195
TI  - Effects of venous occlusion and local exercise on fibrinolytic activity and
      clotting time of blood.
AB  - Fibrinolytic activity (local) and the clotting time of blood after venous
      occlusion with and without accompaniment of active or passive exercise was
      studied in 21 medical students. All cases showed local significant increase in
      fibrinolytic activity, whilst the clotting time showed a significant fall
      indicating increased coagulability of blood, only when exercise accompanied
      venous occlusion.

PMID- 3836196
TI  - Interaction between ethanol and some drugs in rodents.

PMID- 3836197
TI  - Critical review of re-orientation of medical education.

PMID- 3836198
TI  - Foodborne diseases in India.

PMID- 3836199
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the scientific sessions and symposium in the
      XXIX annual conference of the Indian Public Health Association. Nagercoil
      (Kerala) 8-10 Feb. 1985.

PMID- 3836200
TI  - Prophylactic iron supplementation in children.

PMID- 3836201
TI  - Prophylactic iron supplementation for underprivileged school boys. I. Two levels
      of dosing and efficacy of teacher-distributions.

PMID- 3836202
TI  - Prophylactic iron supplementation for underprivileged school boys. II. Impact on
      selected tests of cognitive function.

PMID- 3836203
TI  - Prophylactic iron supplementation for underprivileged school boys. III. Impact on
      submaximal work capacity.

PMID- 3836204
TI  - Morbidity pattern of adolescents in an urban community.

PMID- 3836205
TI  - Accidental poisoning in children.

PMID- 3836207
TI  - Neurodegenerative diseases of infancy and childhood. (Part II).

PMID- 3836206
TI  - Iron therapy.

PMID- 3836208
TI  - Optic nerve involvement in tuberculous meningitis.

PMID- 3836209
TI  - Serum zinc and copper in tuberculosis.

PMID- 3836210
TI  - Exchange transfusion in newborns.

PMID- 3836211
TI  - Mechanism of phototherapy.

PMID- 3836212
TI  - Trichinosis in Thailand during 1962-1983.
AB  - Various studies on trichinosis in Thailand since the first outbreak in 1962 up
      until 15 July 1983 are reviewed. There were 67 outbreaks, affecting 2,792 persons
      and resulting in 85 deaths. Most of the outbreaks occurred in the north of the
      country which is mountainous. Hilltribe pigs and wild boars were the common
      sources of human infection. Incidence of Trichinella spiralis larvae in dog meat
      in the area favoring of dog meat consumption is cautioned to create a public
      health problem in the future. Some Thai dishes are proved as viable T. spiralis
      larvae source due to cooking procedures. Control measures of trichinosis launched
      by the Department of Livestock Development are described.

PMID- 3836213
TI  - Studies on anthrax in food animals and persons occupationally exposed to the
      zoonoses in Eastern Nigeria.
AB  - A total of 221 blood and 174 carcase swab samples obtained from food animals
      (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses) slaughtered at urban and rural slaughter
      houses in Nsukka area were studied. 51 blood samples and 180 samples of vesicle
      fluid were also collected from persons occupationally exposed (butchers/skinners,
      meat retailers, meat inspectors, veterinarians and tanners) to these animals and
      their products. All the samples were studied culturally and microscopically.
      Confirmation of infection was by subcutaneous inoculation of guinea pigs and mice
      with samples of human and animal blood, carcase swabs and vesicle fluid got from
      suspected cutaneous lesions on the hands of persons studied in this survey. Of
      the blood samples obtained from food animals, 5 per cent (3/60) of cattle and 3.3
      per cent (1/30) of sheep were positive. The rest of the blood samples from other
      animals were negative. For the carcase swab samples, 5.7 per cent (5/88) from
      cattle and 3.1 per cent (1/33) from sheep were positive. The rest of the carcase
      swabs from goats, pigs and horses were negative. Only the blood samples from
      butchers/skinners, 20 per cent (2/10), meat retailers, 9.1 per cent (1/11) and
      tanners, 11.1 per cent (1/9) were positive. Malignant pustule was confirmed in
      13.3 per cent (6/45) of butchers/skinners, 10 per cent (3/30) of tanners and 6
      per cent (3/50) of meat retailers. The results show that food animals and their
      products constitute a potential danger to those persons whose occupation
      necessitates handling animal products or contact with animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3836214
TI  - Demodicidosis in livestock in West Bengal (India).
AB  - Of 2820 livestock, comprising 472 cattle, 294 goats, 128 pigs and 665 dogs of
      urban and rural areas of West Bengal (India), 89 (3.15%) were found to suffer
      from demodicidosis. Highest infestation rate (3.87%) was observed in dogs
      followed by cattle (3.11%), goats (2.44%) and pigs (1.44%). The infestation rate
      did not differ significantly between urban and rural areas. Head, neck and face
      were the common sites of lesions followed by extremities and body surfaces.
      Females were infested more than males. Animals of all age groups suffered from
      mange infestation, though highest infestation (18.00%) was observed in 36-47
      months of age and lowest (10.11%) in 72 months and above age groups. Some
      bacterial invaders were isolated from the demodectic lesions, which were found
      sensitive to a number of common antibiotics. Fungi like Trichophyton
      mentagrophytes could also be isolated from the lesions.

PMID- 3836215
TI  - Further studies on acquisition of potential infectivity for man in closely
      related Trypanosoma Trypanozoon brucei clones.
AB  - Twelve clones were isolated from relapsing populations in an infection initiated
      with a clone-derived human serum resistant Trypanozoon. Isolates were serotyped
      by the immunotrypanolysis test and four distinct variable antigen types (VATs)
      designated WITat 4, 5, 6 and 7 were identified. Contemporaneous blood incubation
      infectivity testing (BIIT) showed that most clones isolated in the course of
      infection were resistant to normal human serum while some clones isolated after
      series of relapses were susceptible. Four clones (G1, G2, G7 and G15) designated
      WITat 5, WITat 6, WITat 6 and WITat 5 respectively behaved differently in the
      BIIT. One of each pair was readily sensitive while the two others were highly
      resistant to human serum. This observation suggests that resistance to human
      serum might be dissociated from variable antigen type in a serodeme of
      Trypanosoma rhodesiense. The resistance or susceptibility to normal human serum
      by Trypanozoon is not immutable but is determined by the environment in which the
      trypanosomes live.

PMID- 3836216
TI  - Prevalence of human hydatidosis in Tripoli region of Libya.
AB  - The literature of human hydatid disease is briefly reviewed. Records from 1972 to
      1979 in the Surgical Department of the Central Hospital, Tripoli, showed that 111
      cases of hydatid disease were confirmed surgically out of 22,979 admissions, an
      incidence of 0.48%. Of the 111 cases, 73 (65.76%) were females and 38 (34.24%)
      were males. The highest incidence occurred in the 20-40 year age group, followed
      by 41-60 year age group. Recommendations are made concerning disease surveillance
      and documentation of epidemiological data.

PMID- 3836217
TI  - Ectoparasitic infestation of dogs in Bendel State, Nigeria.
AB  - An investigation into ectoparasitic infestation of different breeds of dogs
      presented to four veterinary clinics in Benin, Sapele and Auchi in Bendel State
      of Nigeria during the period January 1983 to December 1983 is presented. Of a
      total of 820 dogs examined for ectoparasites 246 (30.00%) were infected by ticks,
      226 (27.56%) by lice, 212 (25.85%) by fleas and 109 (13.29%) by mites. The
      species of ectoparasites identified and their prevalence rates were Rhipicephalus
      sanguineus (19.5%), Otobius megnini (10.48%), Ctenocephalides canis (25.85%),
      Demodex canis (13.29%). Common clinical symptoms evinced in this species include
      scratching, licking, irritation, restlessness, alopecia, otitis externa and
      dermatitis. Some aspects of epidemiology of canine ectoparasitic infestation are
      discussed.

PMID- 3836218
TI  - Prevalence of ectoparasites of small ruminants in Nsukka, Nigeria.
AB  - Over a period of one year (January 1983 to December 1983), an investigation was
      mounted to determine common ectoparasitic infestation of small ruminants in
      selected farms in Nsukka, Nigeria. The species identified in goats included
      Ctenocephalides canis, Boophilius decolouratus and Amblyomma variegatum lides
      while those recovered from parasitized sheep were Ctenocephalides canis and
      Damalinia ovis. Out of a total of 148 sheep and goats examined for ectoparasites,
      68 (45.95%) were infested. A further breakdown of this figure shows that 10
      (18.52%) out of a total number of 54 sheep screened were infested, while 58
      (61.70%) of the goats (94) examined were infested. Identification of these
      ectoparasites was by anatomical and morphological characteristics. Result of the
      investigation indicated that there was variation in the degree of ectoparasitic
      infestation from one animal to another. Epizootiological factors associated with
      ectoparasitic infestation of small ruminants were highlighted and the zoonotic
      importance of Ctenocephalides canis and Amblyomma variagatum was discussed.

PMID- 3836219
TI  - Psychiatry and primary care practice in Israel and other countries.

PMID- 3836220
TI  - The detection of psychiatric disorder in primary care settings. Implications for
      the taxonomy of neurosis.

PMID- 3836221
TI  - The primary care physician and the psychiatric epidemiologist: a symbiotic
      service research partnership.

PMID- 3836222
TI  - The application of behavioral sciences in primary care.

PMID- 3836223
TI  - The life cycle, mental health and the sense of coherence.

PMID- 3836224
TI  - Attempted suicide--failed suicide or parasuicide? Diagnostic and therapeutic
      considerations.

PMID- 3836225
TI  - Medical students and their views on psychiatric issues.

PMID- 3836226
TI  - The psychiatrist and the rabbi: toward a model of clinical cooperation.

PMID- 3836227
TI  - Journalists, anxiety and media as an intra-psychic screen.

PMID- 3836228
TI  - Allometries of the durations of torpid and euthermic intervals during mammalian
      hibernation: a test of the theory of metabolic control of the timing of changes
      in body temperature.
AB  - The durations of the intervals of torpor and euthermia during mammalian
      hibernation were found to be dependent on body mass. These relationships support
      the concept that the timing of body temperature changes is controlled by some
      metabolic process. Data were obtained from species spanning nearly three orders
      of magnitude in size, that were able to hibernate for over six months without
      food at 5 degrees C. The timing of body temperature changes was determined from
      the records of copper-constantan thermocouples placed directly underneath each
      animal. Because all species underwent seasonal changes in their patterns of
      hibernation, animals were compared in mid-winter when the duration of euthermic
      intervals was short and relatively constant and when the duration of torpid
      intervals was at its longest. Large hibernators remained euthermic longer than
      small hibernators (Fig. 2). This was true among and within species. The duration
      of euthermic intervals increased with mass at the same rate (mass 0.38) that mass
      specific rates of euthermic metabolism decrease, suggesting that hibernators
      remain at high body temperatures until a fixed amount of metabolism has been
      completed. These data are consistent with the theory that each interval of
      euthermia is necessary to restore some metabolic imbalance that developed during
      the previous bout of torpor. In addition, small species remained torpid for
      longer intervals than large species (Fig. 3). The absolute differences between
      different-sized species were large, but, on a proportional basis, they were
      comparatively slight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3836229
TI  - Temperature dependence of egg laying in Aplysia brasiliana and A. californica.
AB  - The temperature dependence of egg laying was examined in winter-caught Aplysia.
      Cold-water Aplysia californica and warm-water A. brasiliana were individually
      housed in the same large aquarium for 16 days at 15 degrees C, and then for 16
      days at 20 degrees C. Initially, the majority of the A. californica were not
      reproductively mature (as determined by injections of atrial gland extracts)
      whereas all of the A. brasiliana were reproductively mature. When the temperature
      was increased from 15 to 20 degrees C, both species showed a marked increase in
      the frequency of egg laying. At both temperatures, A. brasiliana laid eggs more
      frequently but produced smaller egg masses than A. californica. We conclude that
      increased egg laying in A. californica was attributable both to facilitation of
      oogenesis in previously reproductively immature animals and to increased activity
      of the bag cells which release an egg-laying hormone. Increased egg laying in A.
      brasiliana was attributable primarily to increased bag cell activity.

PMID- 3836230
TI  - An allometric comparison of the mitochondria of mammalian and reptilian tissues:
      the implications for the evolution of endothermy.
AB  - The effects of body size and phylogeny on metabolic capacities were examined by
      comparing the mitochondrial capacities of 6 mammalian and 4 reptilian species
      representing 100-fold body weight ranges. The mammals examined included 3
      eutherian, 2 marsupial and a monotreme species and the reptiles 2 saurian, 1
      crocodilian and 1 testudine species. The tissues examined were liver, kidney,
      brain, heart, lung and skeletal muscle. Allometric equations were derived for
      tissue weights, mitochondrial volume densities, internal mitochondrial membrane
      surface area densities, tissue mitochondrial membrane surface areas both per gram
      and per total tissue and summated tissue mitochondrial membrane surface areas.
      For the mammals and reptiles studied a 100% increase in body size resulted in
      average increases of 68% in internal organ size and 107% in skeletal muscle mass.
      Similarly, total organ mitochondrial membrane surface areas increase in mammals
      and reptiles by an average 54% and for skeletal muscle by an average 96%. These
      values are similar to increases in standard (54 and 71%) and maximum (73 and 77%)
      organismal metabolism values found by other authors for mammals and reptiles
      respectively. Although the allometric exponents (or rates of change with
      increasing body size) of the mitochondrial parameters in mammals and reptiles are
      statistically the same, in general the total amount of mitochondrial membrane
      surface area in the mammalian tissues are four times greater than found in the
      reptilian tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3836231
TI  - Atrial gland cells synthesize a family of peptides that can induce egg laying in
      Aplysia.
AB  - Endogenous peptides induce egg laying in the marine mollusc Aplysia in two ways:
      egg-laying hormone (ELH) from the neuroendocrine bag cells acts directly, causing
      the release of eggs from the ovotestis; peptides A and B from the atrial gland
      act indirectly, activating the bag cells to release ELH. Another atrial gland
      peptide (egg-releasing hormone; ERH) is a structural and functional hybrid of ELH
      and peptides A and B; it can act both directly and indirectly to induce egg
      laying. Atrial glands were incubated in a mixture of 3H-amino acids for 18 h, and
      the biosynthetically labelled peptides isolated using sequential Sephadex G-50
      column chromatography and isoelectric focusing. Radiolabelled peaks were
      localized and bioassayed in intact animals. Bioactive peaks were then
      characterized functionally using two additional assays: egg laying in bag cell
      less animals (ELH-like peptides) and in vitro induction of bag cell discharge (A-
      and B-like peptides). ERH-like molecules are active in both assays. Homogeneity
      of bioactive IEF peaks was assessed by SDS-PAGE. Sephadex G-50 gel filtration of
      biosynthetically labelled atrial gland extracts reveals two major peptide peaks.
      Peak D (apparent Mr 6,000) is strongly radiolabelled and contains most of the egg
      laying activity, but has a low absorbance at 274 nm. Peak E (apparent Mr 3,500)
      is weakly labelled and contains a small proportion of the total egg-laying
      activity, but has a large absorbance at 274 nm. Isoelectric focusing of
      radiolabelled peptides in peak D reveals seven distinct ELH-like species (pI 5.5,
      7.5, 8.5, 8.7, 8.9, 9.1, 9.4), and two peaks (pI 5.9, 8.1) that have both ELH
      like and A-/B-like activity. The pI 8.1 peak may result from the comigration of
      peptide A with ERH or with an unidentified ELH-like peptide. It is not yet clear
      whether the pI 5.9 activity results from comigration of distinct peptides or from
      the presence of a previously uncharacterized ERH-like molecule. Isoelectric
      focusing of radiolabelled peptides in peak E reveals five distinct ELH-like
      species (pI 7.3, 8.5, 8.7, 9.1, 9.4), and one peak (pI 8.9) with both ELH-like
      and A-/B-like activity. The pI 8.9 peak may result from the comigration of an ELH
      like peptide with peptide B. Three of the ELH-like peptides (pI 8.5, 8.9, 9.1)
      found in peak E are probably identical to the ELH-like peptides found at the same
      pI's in peak D.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3836232
TI  - Radioglucose metabolism by Richardson's ground squirrels in the weight-gain and
      weight-loss phases of the circannual cycle.
AB  - Captive fed, starved, and refed Richardson's ground squirrels in the weight-gain
      and weight-loss phases of the circannual cycle were injected with radioglucose
      and the activity of the label in skeletal muscle proteins and white adipose
      tissue lipids four hours after injection was used to determine if lean body mass
      and white adipose tissue would be rapidly restored when starved animals were
      refed. Starvation for six days reduced carcass mass 27-31% and white adipose
      tissue mass 23-24% (Table 1). Activity of the label in both tissues of weight
      gain and weight-loss animals was reduced by starvation. After four days of
      refeeding activities returned to levels similar to those in fed animals, with the
      exception of lower activity in skeletal muscle proteins of weight-gain animals.
      Furthermore, activity in each tissue fraction of starved and refed weight-gain
      animals was similar to that in weight-loss animals when expressed as per cent of
      activity in the respective fed state (Table 2). Radioglucose incorporation
      indicated that when skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are depleted by
      starvation, distribution of the label upon refeeding is similar to that in the
      fed state. Four days after refeeding weight-gain phase ground squirrels had
      restored 5.5 g of lean body mass and 7.5 g of adipose tissue, including 1.4 g (6
      kcal) of protein and 7.0 g (66 kcal) of lipid, respectively. These results are
      also consistent with the fed state, in which weight-gain animals were depositing
      more lipid than lean body mass.

PMID- 3836233
TI  - Warm brain and eye temperatures in sharks.
AB  - Temperatures in the brain and eyes of mako and porbeagle sharks (Lamnidae) are 5
      degrees C warmer than the water while the brain and eye temperatures in six other
      species of pelagic sharks are within 0.1 degrees C of water temperature. An
      orbital rete mirabile is present in the porbeagle and mako sharks but absent in
      the cranial vasculature of eleven other species of pelagic sharks. The orbital
      rete in the head of the porbeagle and mako sharks acts as a heat exchanger which
      conserves metabolic heat and raises the local tissue temperatures. This brain and
      eye warming system should buffer the central nervous system from the effects of
      rapid temperature change. Warming of the retina may improve the visual
      sensitivity of these active predators.

PMID- 3836234
TI  - Sources of heat during nonshivering thermogenesis in Djungarian hamsters: a
      dominant role of brown adipose tissue during cold adaptation.
AB  - To assess the thermogenic importance of BAT in Djungarian hamsters we removed
      about 40% of their BAT and compared their thermogenic abilities before and after
      the operation. BAT was weighed and assayed for its respiratory properties (Cox,
      mitochondria). Following removal of BAT we observed considerable reductions of
      NST. The comparison of NST with BAT weight and with respiratory properties of BAT
      following partial removal of BAT revealed that at least three different pathways
      for heat production were involved in NST. In cold-adapted hamsters (values for
      warm-adapted hamsters in parentheses) we estimated that 66.2% (37.0%) of all NST
      was produced by mitochondrial respiration in BAT; 16.3% (38.4%) was produced in
      other organ sites but required the presence of BAT, i.e. there was a mediatory
      action of BAT on thermogenesis in other organ sites. A further 11.5% (23%) of NST
      occurred outside of and independent of BAT. Mitochondrial respiration in BAT was
      the only compartment of NST which increased its contribution during cold
      adaptation (238 mW to 1,062 mW), whereas the other sources of heat remained
      largely unchanged.

PMID- 3836235
TI  - Intracellular pH in hibernation and respiratory acidosis in the European hamster.
AB  - Intracellular pH was determined (DMO method) in European hamsters, in the
      spontaneously-occurring respiratory acidosis of hibernation, in hypercapnia due
      to breathing 12% CO2 in air in euthermy in spring, and in euthermicnormocapnic
      controls. From euthermy to hibernation, the temperature coefficient of pH was
      lowest in blood plasma and brain, intermediate in striated muscles (thigh muscles
      and diaphragm), and highest in heart and liver (Fig. 1). Correspondingly, the
      estimated dissociation ratio of the protein imidazole buffer groups, alpha Im,
      decreased markedly in plasma and brain, denoting an acid titration, but varied
      little in liver and heart. Striated muscles were intermediate (Fig. 2). Like in
      other mammals, intracellular responses to short-term euthermic respiratory
      acidosis were characterized by a partial metabolic compensation in the brain and
      a small metabolic acidification in striated muscles. In hibernation, a powerful
      metabolic compensation took place in liver and heart, nearly restoring alpha Im,
      but none occurred in brain (Figs. 3 to 5). The existence of an intracellular
      acidosis in brain and striated muscles during hibernation is in keeping with an
      inhibitory role of acidosis, whereas the homeostasis of intracellular alpha Im in
      liver and heart would subserve the eurythermal functioning of metabolic
      regulations in these organs, like in most organs of ectotherms.

PMID- 3836236
TI  - Glycogen synthesis from lactate in skeletal muscle of the lizard Dipsosaurus
      dorsalis.
AB  - The capacity of skeletal muscle to synthesize glycogen from lactate was tested in
      the iliofibularis muscle of the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis. Like other
      reptiles, Dipsosaurus accumulates significant lactic acid concentrations
      following vigorous exercise. After 5 min of progressively faster treadmill
      running at 35 degrees C (final speed = 2.2 km/h), blood lactate concentration
      increased over 14 mM, which decreased 11 mM after 2 h of recovery. Blood glucose
      concentration remained unchanged throughout at 8.6 +/- 0.46 mM. The role that
      muscle gluconeogenesis might play in the removal of post-exercise lactate was
      evaluated. Animals were run to exhaustion at 1.5 km/h on a treadmill
      thermostatted at 35 degrees C. Animals (n = 43) ran 6.9 +/- 0.75 min prior to
      exhaustion. Animals were sacrificed and iliofibularis muscles of both hindlimbs
      removed and stimulated at 2 Hz for 5 min, reducing twitch tension to 6% of
      prestimulus tension. Fatigued muscles were then split into red and white fiber
      bundles and incubated 2 h or 5 h at 35 degrees C in Ringer solution or in Ringer
      plus 20 mM lactate. In muscles tested in August, red fiber bundles incubated in
      lactate demonstrated a rate of glycogen synthesis of approximately 1 mg/(g muscle
      . h). In muscles tested in December, red fiber bundles synthesized glycogen at a
      reduced rate that was not statistically different than in fiber bundles incubated
      in Ringer solution without lactate. Glycogen synthesis from lactate was not
      evident in white fiber bundles in either August or December. The period of peak
      gluconeogenic capacity coincides with the field active season of
      Dipsosaurus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3836237
TI  - Post resuscitation iron delocalization and malondialdehyde production in the
      brain following prolonged cardiac arrest.
AB  - Assays for brain tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and low molecular weight chelated
      (LMWC) iron were used to examine samples of the cerebral cortex obtained from
      dogs 2 h after resuscitation from a 15-min cardiac arrest. The effect of post
      resuscitation treatment with lidoflazine and/or desferrioxamine was similarly
      examined. Non-ischemic brain samples had LMWC iron levels (in nmol/100 mg tissue)
      of 12.32 + 2.60 and MDA levels (in nmol/100 mg tissue) of 8.46 + 1.35. Animals
      subjected to cardiac arrest and resuscitation and standard intensive care (SIC)
      had LMWC iron levels of 37.04 + 4.58 (p less than .01 against non-ischemic
      controls) and MDA levels of 12.24 + 1.9 (p less than .05 against non-ischemic
      controls). All treatment interventions significantly reduced the LMWC iron (p
      less than .05), but only treatment with desferrioxamine alone significantly
      reduced MDA (p less than .05), although a trend toward reduction of the MDA was
      also evident in animals treated with both desferrioxamine and lidoflazine. LMWC
      iron levels are increased in the post-ischemic brain, and this increase may be
      related to lipid peroxidation in the brain following resuscitation from cardiac
      arrest. These changes are probably pathologic and are amenable to pharmacologic
      intervention.

PMID- 3836238
TI  - Conservation of vitamin C by uric acid in blood.
AB  - Urate at physiological concentrations increased the stability of ascorbate in
      human serum approximately fivefold. These measurements were made by depleting
      human serum of urate with uricase. In model experiments (using phosphate buffer
      instead of serum), urate protected against iron-induced ascorbate oxidation and,
      to a lesser extent, pH-induced ascorbate oxidation. In both human serum and in
      phosphate buffer, urate exerted its protective effect without itself undergoing
      measurable oxidation as determined by spectrophotometric and high pressure liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) techniques. These experiments suggest an important
      physiological role for urate in preserving ascorbate in blood and other
      biological fluids.

PMID- 3836239
TI  - Repair of tryptophan radicals by antioxidants.
AB  - Oxidizing free radicals with redox potential greater than 1 V generate indole
      radicals, R-Ind+. and R-Ind., as in tryptophan. These resonance-stabilized free
      radicals can be repaired efficiently with electron donors (k = 5 X 10(6) - 1.3 X
      10(9) dm3 mol-1 s-1) such as ascorbate, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine
      dihydrochloride (TMPD), and phenolic antioxidants. Sulfhydryl compounds, which
      are good H-atom donors, were found to be relatively unreactive (k less than 10(6)
      dm3 mol-1 s-1). These indole radicals were also found to be unreactive with
      oxygen (k less than 10(6) dm3 mol-1 s-1).

PMID- 3836240
TI  - Increased liver chemiluminescence in tumor-bearing mice.
AB  - Spontaneous mouse liver chemiluminescence (109 +/- 6 cps/cm2) was increased in
      the early phase after tumor implantation in a distant position with respect to
      the liver. A 39% increased liver chemiluminescence was observed after 5 days of
      the injection of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells into the peritoneal cavity, and a
      64% and a 46% increased liver chemiluminescence were measured after 8 and 14 days
      of the implantation of a fibrosarcoma and of an adenocarcinoma, respectively, in
      the leg. At the time of maximal stimulation of in vivo liver chemiluminescence by
      the distant tumors, cytosolic superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione
      peroxidase activities were decreased by 18%, 38%, and 26% in the liver of mice
      bearing Ehrlich ascites tumors. The same three enzymatic activities were
      decreased by 21%, 19%, and 54% respectively, in the liver of fibrosarcoma-bearing
      mice. Total liver glutathione was decreased by 18% to 22% in the tumor-bearing
      animals. Hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence was increased in the
      homogenates (105% and 45%) and mitochondria (64% and 34%) from the liver of mice
      bearing Ehrlich ascites tumors and fibrosarcomas, respectively, at the time of
      maximal in situ liver chemiluminescence. The hydroperoxide-initiated
      chemiluminescence of liver microsomes was decreased by 46% to 36% in the tumor
      bearing animals at the same time. It is concluded that the liver of tumor-bearing
      animals is subjected, during the early phase after tumor implantation, to an
      oxidative stress with increased steady-state levels of peroxyl radicals, which
      are essentially responsible for the increased photoemission observed in vivo.

PMID- 3836241
TI  - Autocatalytic oxidation of hemoglobin induced by nitrite: activation and chemical
      inhibition.
AB  - The nitrite ion is a direct causative agent for methemoglobinemia. Oxidation of
      hemoglobin to methemoglobin under aerobic conditions is induced by nitrite,
      catalyzed by methemoglobin in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, and inhibited by
      chemical reagents ranging from cysteine and ascorbic acid to sulfite. The
      stoichiometry of nitrate production is dependent on the initial [NO2-]/[HbO2]
      ratio, but reaches a limiting value of 1:1 [NO3-]: [Hb+] when [NO2-]/[HbO2]
      greater than 8. Ascorbic acid is an exceptionally effective inhibitor for the
      autocatalytic oxidation, but its use does not affect the stoichiometry of nitrate
      formation. Sulfite reduces nitrate production to a level that is half that
      observed in its absence. These chemical inhibitors act upon the rapid
      autocatalytic stage for hemoglobin oxidation, but they do not influence the slow
      direct oxidation of hemoglobin by nitrite. The autocatalytic stage for hemoglobin
      oxidation results from nitrogen dioxide formed from nitrite through the
      peroxidase activity of methemoglobin. Peroxide and methemoglobin are formed
      during the initiation stage by electron transfer from nitrite that is kinetically
      first order in oxyhemoglobin and in nitrite.

PMID- 3836242
TI  - Initial observations on the role of glutathione peroxidases in Euglena.
AB  - The algae Euglena gracilis possesses two glutathione (GSH) peroxidase: a GSH
      peroxidase that reduces organic hydroperoxides as well as hydrogen peroxide (GSH
      peroxidase 1); and a GSH peroxidase associated with GSH transferase that is
      active only with organic hydroperoxide substrates (GSH peroxidase 2). Preliminary
      experiments with Euglena were conducted to explore the in vivo role of the GSH
      peroxidases. The enzymes were not induced in response to the stimulation of
      cellular processes that generate oxidant species, such as beta-oxidation or
      photosynthesis. The levels of GSH peroxidase 1 were approximately twofold higher
      in autotrophic cultures containing the herbicide DCMU. GSH peroxidase 1 was most
      active in stationary phase cells; while the levels of GSH peroxidase 2 were
      fairly constant throughout growth. Under conditions where lipid peroxidation was
      induced in Euglena, the addition of either GSH peroxidase plus GSH reduced the
      lipid peroxide levels more than tenfold.

PMID- 3836244
TI  - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determination of phospholipid
      peroxides; I. Transesterification to form methyl esters.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to develop methods for determining the chemical
      species of lipid peroxides that occur in various types of tissue pathology.
      Experiments are aimed at determining the phospholipid peroxides associated with
      retinal degeneration as the initial test case. Phospholipid hydroperoxides are
      synthesized by photosensitized oxidation, chemically characterized and used to
      develop an effective and simplified method to identify and measure phospholipid
      hydroperoxides by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A sensitive
      reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is also
      presented to separate peroxidized phospholipids from phospholipids. For GC-MS,
      phospholipid peroxides are reduced with sodium borohydride and transesterified to
      form fatty acid methyl esters using a mild quaternary ammonium hydroxide
      catalyst. The hydroxyl groups produced by reducing the hydroperoxides are formed
      into trimethylsilyl ethers and GC-MS is employed (with electron ionization and
      negative ion chemical ionization) to identify oxidized fatty acids at the 10 ng
      level. Photooxidation of (palmitoyl)(linoleoyl) phosphatidylcholine yielded equal
      amounts of the conjugated (9 and 13 isomers) and the nonconjugated (10 and 12
      isomers) linoleoyl hydroperoxides. Photooxidation of rat retina total lipids
      yielded oxidation products of oleolyl (18:1) esters as well as the conjugated and
      nonconjugated oxidation products of arachidonoyl (20:4) and docosahexaenoyl
      (22:6) esters virtually all of which arise from phospholipids. The nonconjugated
      products are of interest as indicators of photosensitized light damage in retina
      and other tissues. It is notable that all the possible singly oxidized products
      are found with the exception of the 4, 5 and 7 hydroperoxides of 22:6 and the 5
      hydroperoxide of 20:4. It appears that the approach of singlet oxygen is strongly
      inhibited in the sterically hindered region near the phospholipid head groups.

PMID- 3836243
TI  - Enzymatic determination of membrane lipid peroxidation.
AB  - The recently purified "phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase" has
      been used to measure the membrane hydroperoxides formed during lipid peroxidation
      that are not substrates for the "classical" glutathione peroxidase. A
      spectrophotometric test in the presence of glutathione, glutathione reductase and
      NADPH has been used. The peroxidized membranes were added directly to the
      reaction mixture and the reaction was started by the addition of the enzyme.
      Triton X-100 exerted a stimulatory effect. Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione
      peroxidase allows a rapid, sensitive, accurate and specific determination of
      membrane hydroperoxides, the most quantitative index of lipid peroxidation.
      Glutathione peroxidase can be used in the same test to measure other
      hydroperoxides such as the cumene hydroperoxide used to induce the peroxidation.

PMID- 3836245
TI  - A relay model of lipid peroxidation in biological membranes.
AB  - It is believed that in lipid peroxidation in membranes an important role is
      played by unoxygenated hydrocarbon radicals whose movement within the hydrocarbon
      moiety of the membrane is through intra-and intermolecular relay rearrangements
      (H-shift). in membranes containing a high concentration of polyunsaturated
      lipids, mobility may be higher than the lateral diffusion of the lipids allowed
      by the microviscosity of the membrane. The action mechanism of antioxidants
      having a side hydrocarbon tail (e.g., tocopherols) rests upon the relay radical
      reaction, as a multistep process. The initial step is the relay transfer of
      unoxygenated free radical to the side hydrocarbon chain of antioxidant. In
      subsequent steps the aroxyl radical is formed by the intramolecular rearrangement
      of radical in an antioxidant molecule. Hence, the inhibitor interrupts the
      propagation chain in the membrane by the scavenge of unoxygenated hydrocarbon
      radical.

PMID- 3836246
TI  - Phospholipase A2 dependent release of fatty acids from peroxidized membranes.
AB  - Unilamellar vesicles (liposomes) consisting of liver phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine were used as model membranes and subjected to lipid
      peroxidation. Following peroxidation samples were treated with phospholipase A2
      from snake venom and subsequently analyzed for products of lipid peroxidation and
      of phospholipase A2 action. A significantly increased susceptibility to
      phospholipase A2 was noted for liposomes subjected to peroxidation, as compared
      to controls, which correlated with the extent of lipid peroxidation measured by
      the formation of thiobarbituric acid reacting products and conjugated dienes. Low
      levels of peroxides were detected in control liposomes and these peroxidases were
      rapidly cleaved by phospholipase A2, such that nearly 40% of the total peroxide
      content was associated with free fatty acids after l5 min incubation. Oxidized
      liposomes contained over seven fold the level of lipid peroxidation products, and
      the were also rapidly cleaved by phospholipase A2 where over 50% were recovered
      as free fatty acids following l5 min of exposure to phospholipase A2. Along with
      this high order of removal of oxidized fatty acids, a marked hydrolysis of intact
      fatty acids was also observed. The extent of fatty acid release was roughly
      correlated with the degree of fatty acid unsaturation. A substantial increase in
      the release of arachidonic acid was found when peroxidized membranes were
      analyzed.

PMID- 3836247
TI  - Antipsoriatic drug action of anthralin: oxidation reactions with peroxidizing
      lipids.
AB  - Reactions of anthralin with peroxidizing lipids were investigated. Using ESR
      spectroscopy and quantitative HPLC analysis radical species and decomposition
      products respectively were analysed in the reaction mixture as a function of
      time. Directly after mixing anthralin with peroxidized lipids, the 1,8-dihydroxy
      9-anthron-10-yl radicals (primary radical) and small amounts of 1,8-dihydroxy
      anthraquinone (AQ) were formed. After a few days of reaction, two secondary
      radicals were observed in addition to the primary radical. At the same time,
      1,8,1'8'-tetrahydroxy-10,10'-bis-9(10H)-anthrone (DI) and an increasing amount of
      AQ and other nonidentified decomposition products were found. As the reaction
      proceeded further on the amount of AQ and the nonidentified decomposition
      products increased, the primary radical disappeared (within about 40 d) and the
      concentration of DI decreased to zero (within 1 yr). Nonidentified decomposition
      products are tentatively assigned to polymeric degradation products (anthralin
      brown) formed from DI via the observed secondary radical species. These radical
      reactions of anthralin with peroxidized lipids help to elucidate speculations on
      radical type reactions of anthralin in psoriasis indications, e.g., the role of
      peroxidized skin lipids as radical reaction initiators.

PMID- 3836249
TI  - Reactivity of ozone towards micelle incorporated unsaturated compounds.
AB  - Incorporation of reactive substrates (i.e., lipids) to membranes could protect
      them towards ozone mediated chain oxidation processes. We have measured the
      effect of incorporation of unsaturated compounds (stilbene or alkyl methacrylate)
      in sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles on their reactivity towards ozone. It is found
      that incorporation of substrate in the micellar pseudophase barely modifies their
      reactivity towards ozone. The same conclusion is reached when stilbene is
      incorporated to di-octadecyl-dimethylammonium chloride vesicles. These results
      would indicate that incorporation of a reactive olefinic compound to a lipidic
      microphase does not provide "per se" an efficient protection towards its attack
      by ozone.

PMID- 3836248
TI  - Lack of cross-resistance to X-irradiation in oxygen-resistant mammalian cell
      lines.
AB  - HeLa and Chinese hamster ovary cells capable of proliferating at O2 levels that
      are ordinarily lethal to cells in tissue culture were selected by chronic
      adaptation to stepwise increased oxygen tensions. A popular hypothesis,
      originally proposed by Gerschman et al., states that the toxic action of both
      hyperoxia and X rays is based on a common mechanism involving the formation of
      oxidizing free radicals. Contrary to what may be predicted from this hypothesis
      we found that our oxygen-resistant substrains were not cross-resistant to X rays,
      as determined by a clonogenic cell survival assay. These results show that
      cellular properties governing increased resistance to killing by O2 do not
      necessarily contribute to cellular X ray tolerance.

PMID- 3836250
TI  - Microplanning of problem niches to combat malaria under modified plan of
      operation, NMEP-India.

PMID- 3836251
TI  - Dynamics of malaria transmission with reference to development projects in Nepal.

PMID- 3836252
TI  - Implication in the control of malaria vectors with insecticides in tropical
      countries of South-East Asia region. Part II--Consequences of insecticide use.

PMID- 3836253
TI  - Mucosal and humoral responses in giardiasis.

PMID- 3836254
TI  - Kala-azar in Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu with possible zoonotic foci.

PMID- 3836255
TI  - Further observations on the susceptibility status of A. aconitus to DDT in Java,
      Indonesia.

PMID- 3836256
TI  - Some entomological observations in a suspected plague outbreak area of District
      Shimla (Himachal Pradesh).

PMID- 3836257
TI  - Effect of prednisolone on glycogen of denervated muscle.

PMID- 3836258
TI  - Pattern of malignant neoplasms in Bhagalpur area.

PMID- 3836259
TI  - A study on caesarean section in a rural hospital.

PMID- 3836260
TI  - C-reactive protein in early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

PMID- 3836261
TI  - Malignant neuroleptic syndrome.

PMID- 3836262
TI  - Chronic extradural haematoma.

PMID- 3836263
TI  - Sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 3836264
TI  - Preliminary technical, experimental and clinical results of the use of the HPLR
      27 system for the treatment of deep-seated tumours by hyperthermia.
AB  - Based on the theoretical deep penetration of radio frequencies, we have developed
      several 27.12 MHz ridged wave guides, with large apertures, and filled with
      circulating deionized water. Different low impedance matching networks have been
      tested and a 0-800 W power generator has been designed for this particular
      clinical use. This can be driven easily by a microcomputer which is used to
      regulate the temperature at depth by varying the sequencing time and/or by
      adjusting the RF power. The complete system, known as HPRL 27, is manufactured by
      Sairem Ets. Studies of the spatial power density distributions show a relatively
      homogeneous RF field for an aperture greater than 30 X 14 cm. Preliminary heating
      patterns studied in phantoms indicate the possibility of treating volumes greater
      than 2000 cm3 within the 50 per cent isotherm. Maximum heating is observed
      between 2 and 5 cm deep with passive cooling, and between 3 and 6 cm deep with
      active cooling, in which case the 50 per cent isotherm is situated between 2 and
      10 cm deep. Preliminary phase I clinical results on 20 patients with pelvic or
      thoracic carcinomas show the possibility of heating deep-seated tumours to above
      42 degrees C with a good patient tolerance. Temperature is controlled by
      implantable catheters or in the case of pelvic heating, by inserting catheters
      into the vagina, the rectum and the bladder. This new device is well adapted for
      the treatment of pelvic tumours.

PMID- 3836265
TI  - Effect of fractionated heating on the blood flow in normal tissues.
AB  - The changes in blood flow in the skin and muscle of rat by single, two or six
      heatings, were measured with the radioactive microsphere method. The blood flow
      rose continuously during the 2 h heatings at temperatures up to 43.0 degrees C
      and 44.0 degrees C in the skin and muscle, respectively. When heated at higher
      temperatures, the blood flow increased and then decreased. When heated twice at
      43.5 degrees C for 1 h each, the magnitude of the increase in blood flow by the
      second heating varied depending on the time interval between the two heatings;
      e.g., the second heating on the 14th day after the first heating induced an
      increase in blood flow much greater than that by the first heating. When the
      heating at 43.5 degrees C for 1 h was repeated at intervals of five days, the
      second and third heatings were as effective as the first heating in increasing
      the skin blood flow. In the muscle, the second and third heatings were 2-3-fold
      more effective than the first heating in raising the blood flow. The heat-induced
      increase in blood flow in the skin and muscle gradually diminished from the
      fourth heating. The tissue temperature varied considerably during heating with a
      water bath at a constant temperature, due probably to the changes in blood flow.

PMID- 3836266
TI  - Strand break repair, DNA polymerase activity and heat radiosensitization in
      thermotolerant cells.
AB  - HeLa S3 cells were made thermotolerant by 'chronic' (5 h at 42 degrees C) or
      'acute' (15 min at 44 degrees C followed by 5 h at 37 degrees C) heat treatments.
      Cell survival, repair of radiation-induced DNA strand breaks, alpha and beta DNA
      polymerase activity and radiation sensitivity following hyperthermia were all
      measured in both control and thermotolerant cells. The ability to repair DNA
      strand breaks correlated well with cell survival following hyperthermia.
      Hyperthermic inhibition of strand break repair was reduced in thermotolerant
      relative to control cells, although the thermal tolerance ratios for repair were
      less than for hyperthermic cell killing. Both radiosensitization and DNA
      polymerase inactivation by hyperthermia were only slightly reduced in
      thermotolerant relative to control cells. Hence a poor correlation was found
      between these two parameters and hyperthermic cell survival. For all heat
      treatments applied, alpha and beta DNA polymerase activity correlated well with
      the extent of hyperthermic radiosensitization.

PMID- 3836267
TI  - Studies on fractionated hyperthermia in L1A2 tumour cells in vitro: response to
      multiple equal heat fractions.
AB  - The development of thermotolerance in L1A2 cells in vitro was investigated after
      fractionated hyperthermia at 42 degrees C. A single pretreatment of 90 min at 42
      degrees C resulted in maximal thermotolerance at a 10 h fractionation interval
      with a thermotolerance ratio (TTR) of approximately 4.5. Thermotolerance was
      maintained at this level if the cells were exposed to 1-3 additional 90 min
      pretreatments separated by 10 h intervals. At a 6 h fractionation interval, where
      thermotolerance was still developing, additional 90 min pretreatments raised the
      level of thermotolerance to the level induced by the 10 h interval; the TTR
      increased from 2.1 to 4.5. Intervals of 20 and 24 h, at which there was decay but
      not complete disappearance of thermotolerance, did not induce such a build-up,
      and the TTR remained constant at 2.5 and 1.6, respectively. With 2 h
      fractionation intervals, where a single pretreatment did not induce
      thermotolerance, no thermotolerance was induced by additional pretreatments. With
      a shorter preheating time (e.g. 45 min at 42 degrees C) administration of a
      single pretreatment induced maximal thermotolerance after 6 h with a TTR of 3.0;
      additional 45 min pretreatments separated by 6 h intervals maintained this level.
      The thermotolerance induced by multifractioned hyperthermia as described above
      decayed in a similar way to that of cells exposed to a single pretreatment.

PMID- 3836268
TI  - Tumour response to heat and radiation: prognostic variables in the treatment of
      neck node metastases from head and neck cancer.
AB  - A total of 38 patients with 81 multiple neck node metastases from squamous cell
      carcinoma of head and neck were treated with radiotherapy alone or with
      radiotherapy plus hyperthermia. Irradiation was delivered following a three
      fractions per day schedule of 2 + 1.5 + 1.5 Gy/day, with 4 h intervals between
      fractions, up to a total dose of 60 Gy. Heat was applied by means of a 500 MHz
      apparatus. Temperature data were converted to equivalent minutes at 42.5 degrees
      (Eq 42.5). Initial complete response rates and local control distribution were
      compared for subgroups of tumour volume and thermal dose. The data indicated that
      the volume effect was less pronounced in the combined modality than in the
      radiation alone arm, suggesting that the addition of heat was more damaging to
      the large than to the small lesions. A striking thermal dose-response
      relationship was shown, although complete response rates increased only after a
      certain thermal dose was accumulated, clearly indicating the presence of a
      threshold dose.

PMID- 3836269
TI  - Local control and distant metastases in primary canine malignant melanomas
      treated with hyperthermia and/or radiotherapy.
AB  - Forty-three dogs with primary malignant melanoma were randomized to receive
      radiotherapy alone (XRT) or hyperthermia plus radiotherapy (delta + XRT). Tumour
      responses were analysed in terms of complete response rates, rate of one year
      disease free survival and the incidence and time to develop distant metastasis.
      The frequency of complete responses (CR) was greater with adjuvant heat (76 per
      cent vs 21 per cent for XRT; P = 0.001). A trend towards an improvement in one
      year disease free survival was observed with delta + XRT (23.8 per cent) as
      compared with XRT (7.7 per cent), but the difference was not statistically
      significant. The frequency of distant metastases was not different between the
      two treatments. Descriptors of intratumoural temperatures achieved during therapy
      indicated that higher CR rates could be achieved with higher minima. When minima
      were less than and greater than 20 Equivalent minutes at 43 degrees C (Eq43) the
      CR rates were 64 and 90 per cent, respectively. One year disease free survival
      rates and frequencies of distant metastases seemed to be correlated with the
      intratumoural temperatures as well. This was reflected in analyses examining
      temperature minima and maxima. Examination of patterns of failure suggested that
      the most plausible explanation for the correlation between intratumoural
      temperature and metastases was the high local failure rate (70 per in the heated
      group). The results of this study emphasize the need for further investigation of
      the influence of local hyperthermia as a part of curative therapy on the
      frequency of distant metastases.

PMID- 3836270
TI  - Experimental studies of thermotolerance in vivo. I. The baby rat tail model.
AB  - A detailed study of the kinetics and magnitude of thermotolerance has been made
      using the endpoint of loss of vertebrae in the baby rat tail. A range of
      different priming treatments was used and for analysis each priming treatment
      (PT) was given in terms of the heat sensitivity of the tissue as defined by the
      single treatment (Ds) required for a given effect, i.e. fractional priming
      treatment PT/Ds. A considerable degree of thermotolerance could be induced so
      that at maximum the tissue sensitivity was reduced by a factor of more than four
      in heating time to produce a given effect, or by more than the equivalent of 2
      degrees C. The main results of the study were: (a) that the time to reach maximum
      thermotolerance depends primarily on PT/Ds, independent of the particular
      conditions used in the priming treatment; (b) that the extent of the maximum also
      depends primarily on PT/Ds, but the precise form of the relationship depends on
      the method used to define thermotolerance; and (c) that the rate of decay of
      thermotolerance is independent of the priming treatment. The implications of
      these results for clinical hyperthermia are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3836271
TI  - Interaction of hyperthermia and rhodamine 123 in HeLa S-3 cells in culture.
AB  - It has previously been shown that the capacity to continue energy production by
      either oxidative or glycolytic metabolism is a pre-requisite for cellular
      survival at elevated temperatures. Since rhodamine 123 is a specific
      mitochondrial binding agent that inhibits oxidative phosphorylation, the present
      experiments were carried out to examine the influence of cell exposure to the
      drug which reduces the energy production at elevated temperatures. Exposure of
      HeLa cells to rhodamine 123 (10 micrograms/ml) up to 4 h was not cytotoxic in the
      presence or absence of glucose in the medium at 37 degrees C. Prolonged exposure
      of cells to the drug up to 24 h was quite cytotoxic when glucose was removed from
      the medium. When cells were exposed to rhodamine 123 at elevated temperatures (up
      to 42 degrees C) for 4 h, there was a pronounced enhancement of cell kill in the
      glucose-deprived cells. No enhanced effects of heat were seen in the glucose-fed
      cells. Hyperthermic treatment under the acidic pH did not further enhance the
      cytotoxic effects of heat in the glucose-deprived cells; instead, the cell kill
      under the influence of reduced pH was far less than the cytotoxicity observed at
      pH 7.4. Selective enhancement of hyperthermic cytotoxicity in glucose-deprived
      cells by rhodamine 123 appears to be in agreement with the concept that cell kill
      by heat is dependent on the critical level of cellular energy equilibrium.

PMID- 3836272
TI  - Effect of external K+ on protein and DNA synthesis during and after heat shock in
      rat hepatoma cells.
AB  - The effects of extracellular K+ concentrations on protein and DNA synthesis after
      non-lethal heat shock were studied in the hepatoma cell lines Reuber H35 and HTC.
      Elevation of the extracellular K+ concentration by equimolar replacement of Na+
      by K+ in growth media of Reuber H35 and HTC cells caused an increase of the
      intracellular K+ content in both cell lines. This property was subsequently used
      to study the effect of elevated intracellular K+ concentrations on protein and
      DNA synthesis after hyperthermic treatment at 42 degrees C for 30 min. In normal
      K+ medium, protein and DNA synthesis were inhibited rapidly after the start of
      the hyperthermic treatment in both Reuber H35 and HTC cells. Increasing the
      external K+ concentration of the medium did not influence the inhibition and
      subsequent recovery of protein synthesis after heat shock in both cell lines. In
      contrast, in media with elevated K+ concentrations, DNA synthesis after heat
      shock was inhibited less in Reuber H35 cells than in cells incubated in normal K+
      medium and, furthermore, showed no inhibition in HTC cells. The protective effect
      of external K+ on DNA synthesis after heat shock was maximal between 50 and 70 mM
      in the temperature range 42-44 degrees C.

PMID- 3836274
TI  - A multiple RF heating system for experimental hyperthermia in small animals.
AB  - A versatile system is described for locally heating a number of mouse tumours
      simultaneously using RF capacitive coupling. The system is designed around a
      single RF power amplifier supplying a number of heating jigs via an efficient
      isolated power splitter. It is primarily intended for use at 13.56 and 27.12 MHz,
      but can operate from 2-30 MHz and could be modified for use at other frequencies.
      Microthermocouples are used for monitoring the intra-tissue temperature quasi
      continuously, by making temperature measurements every 220 ms within 20 ms
      periods during which the RF power is turned off to all the jigs. This method
      avoids any artefacts in the temperature measurement which are associated with
      electromagnetic interference. Thermostatic regulation of tissue temperature is
      provided by on-off control of the average power supplied independently to each
      heating jig.

PMID- 3836273
TI  - Estimation of complete temperature fields from measured transient temperatures.
AB  - In hyperthermia treatments, it is desirable to be able to predict complete tissue
      temperature fields from the limited number of sampled temperatures available.
      Because of the unknown tissue blood perfusion this is a particularly difficult
      problem, whose eventual solution will require a considerable effort. An initial
      attempt to develop methods to solve this problem automatically using
      unconstrained optimization techniques (which minimize the differences between
      measured steady-state temperatures and the temperatures predicted from treatment
      simulations) has been reported previously. A second technique using transient
      temperatures following a step decrease in power has been developed and is
      presented and discussed in this paper. The results of applying both it and the
      steady-state technique to simulated hyperthermia treatments are compared for one
      dimensional situations. This transient technique predicts complete temperature
      fields more accurately and robustly than the steady-state approach. In
      particular, it can better predict the complete temperature fields in situations
      where the number of unknown blood perfusion parameters is greater than the number
      of available temperature sensors.

PMID- 3836275
TI  - Field penetration of arrays of compact applicators in localized hyperthermia.
AB  - The three-dimensional analysis of a range of new compact applicators indicates
      that there is an optimum operating frequency for maximum depth of field
      penetration and a given applicator size. The prospect of obtaining increased
      penetration depth by deploying more than one applicator is considered and
      assessed for an equi-phase array of compact applicators arranged symmetrically
      around a cylindrical shaped volume of uniform muscle phantom material; field
      penetration curves enable the maximum cross-section that can be heated to be
      assessed. Experiments at 200 MHz and results from a three-dimensional analysis
      demonstrate the usefulness of the assessment and establish that in multi
      applicator configurations the field penetration decreases markedly for cross
      sectional diameters in excess of 10 cm. However, the three-dimensional analysis
      for four applicators also shows that more uniform fields are obtained in the
      muscle phantom when it is surrounded by a low loss bolus region. In conclusion
      the clinical implications of the investigations are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3836276
TI  - Cholesterol content and heat sensitivity of nine mammalian cell lines.
AB  - The cholesterol, phospholipid and protein contents of nine mammalian cell lines,
      three lymphoid and six attached cell lines, were measured, along with the
      sensitivity of the cells to hyperthermia at 42 degrees and 44 degrees C. The free
      cholesterol content and the protein content per cell correlated positively with
      the time required to kill 99 per cent of the cells at 44 degrees C. The
      phospholipid content showed a less significant positive correlation whilst the
      cholesterol ester content and the cholesterol:phospholipid molar ratio did not
      correlate with heat sensitivity. There were no correlations observed when the
      levels of these cell components were compared to heat survival at 42 degrees C.
      As the three lymphoid lines are small, very heat sensitive cells, the six
      monolayer lines were analysed separately. In this case, only the protein and the
      free cholesterol content maintained a significant correlation (at the 5 per cent
      level). It is concluded that the levels of cholesterol or phospholipid cannot be
      used as reliable indicators of the heat sensitivity of a cell.

PMID- 3836277
TI  - Acute and late damage in mouse tail following hyperthermia and X-irradiation.
AB  - Tissue injury following X-irradiation of adult mouse tail was assessed by: (a)
      the severity of the acute skin reaction, which appeared on day 13 and peaked at
      approximately 20 days after treatment; (b) the occurrence of necrosis by three
      months; and (c) the incidence of "late' necrosis which developed between 6.5 and
      11 months after treatment, in tails whose gross appearance was normal at 3
      months. Hyperthermia (44.0 or 44.5 degrees C for 30 min, by hot-water immersion)
      given 9 days after radiation, i.e. close to the time of appearance of the acute
      skin reaction, resulted in an increased thermal response and, in addition, an
      increase in tissue response for all three waves of radiation injury studied. The
      times of expression of injury remained unaltered and the degrees of thermal
      enhancement of both early and "late' necrosis were similar to that measured for
      the acute skin reaction following radiation. All values were significantly lower
      than the thermal enhancement ratio (TER), measured as a result of a primary
      interaction between heat and radiation when the two modalities are given in close
      association. The observed increase in "late' injury could be accounted for by
      thermal potentiation of the acute radiation response; there was no evidence for a
      significant exacerbation by a "late' or progressing thermal injury.

PMID- 3836278
TI  - Thermotolerance after fractionated hyperthermia: assessment of cell survival by
      response to X-rays.
AB  - A previous study of the mouse ear showed that daily treatment at 43.5 degrees C,
      either 10 X 20 min or 20 min + 9 X 70 min, induced the same resistance to further
      heating as was induced by a single treatment of 20 min. The results could be
      explained in at least two ways: (a) no cells are killed by the heat treatments
      but thermotolerance is induced; and (b) a proportion of cells is killed by each
      fraction and the degree of thermotolerance induced in survivors increases as the
      number of fractions is increased. These two possibilities were tested by
      measuring the response to X-rays at 24 h after various regimes of fractionated
      hyperthermia. At this time interval the enhancing effect of a single heat
      treatment would have decayed, so that radiosensitivity should then be related to
      the number of surviving cells. Up to 49 daily treatments of 20 min had little
      effect on radiosensitivity, suggesting that these heating regimes did not cause a
      significant reduction in the number of basal epidermal cells. A regime of 20 min
      + 4 X 70 min daily also had little effect but a treatment of 20 min + 9 X 70 min
      daily increased the radiation response, suggesting that the more severe heat
      treatment had reduced cell survival to approximately 4 per cent.

PMID- 3836280
TI  - The influence of ionic environment on the thermal response of cultured mammalian
      cells.
AB  - Chinese hamster cells exposed to monovalent or divalent ionic solutions were
      sensitized to hyperthermia treatment. Thermosensitization was dependent on the
      type of cationic salt. Divalent salt solutions caused greater sensitization than
      monovalent salt solutions. The addition of glucose or the reduction of pH in the
      salt solutions did not alter thermosensitivity.

PMID- 3836279
TI  - Heat protection by sugars and sugar analogues.
AB  - We have examined the relative ability of 16 sugars and sugar analogues to reduce
      cell killing by hyperthermia of 40 min, 45 degrees C. In general, sugars were
      added to the culture medium 6 h prior to heating at a concentration of 100 mM
      (400 mosmol). The results show that D-hexoses, L-hexoses, methylated or thiolated
      sugars and disaccharides significantly protected cells against thermal damage,
      increasing survival by factors of 10 to 100. The degree of protection varied for
      specific sugars and could not be predicted on the basis of sugar conformation or
      the number of hydroxyl groups. Relative heat protection was partially dependent
      on the survival assay technique (pre- and post-plating); consistently lower cell
      survival was measured when cells were subcultured after hyperthermia, both in
      medium-control and sugar-protected cells. However, the time dependence of heat
      protection appeared independent of pre- and post-plating. Cell survival after
      heating was not increased by two sugars: (a) D-idose, and (b) 2-deoxy-D
      galactose. The latter sugar, curiously, was also a heat protector but only when
      cells were trypsinized after hyperthermia. Both of these sugars were relatively
      more toxic at 37 degrees C under identical treatment conditions. The lack of
      protection by these two sugars is not understood. Another reported non-sugar heat
      protector, sodium butyrate, was included as an additional control. Heat
      protection by butyrate was not observed in CHO cells. The accumulation of
      intracellular free sugar was measured by gas chromatography after incubating
      cells for 6 h, 37 degrees C with talose, idose, L-galactose or 1-O-methyl-D
      glucose. All of these sugars were found in high concentrations inside of cells.
      The data are consistent with the hypothesis that polyhydroxy compounds must
      accumulate intracellularly for cellular heat protection.

PMID- 3836282
TI  - Erythema ab igne: a model of hyperthermic skin damage and carcinogenesis in
      humans?

PMID- 3836281
TI  - Comment on 'Theoretical limitations on radiation into muscle tissue'.

PMID- 3836283
TI  - Third meeting of the Working Group on Peripheral Circulation. Palermo, September
      6-8, 1984.

PMID- 3836284
TI  - Computerized monitoring of the EMG and EEG during anesthesia. An evaluation of
      the anesthesia and brain activity monitor (ABM).
AB  - An intraoperative evaluation was made of the electroencephalographic (EEG) and
      electromyographic (EMG) functions of the Anesthesia and Brain activity Monitor
      (ABM). This device derives both these measures from a single electrode pair that
      is typically placed on the mid-forehead and mastoid process. The evaluation
      consisted of 1) quantifying the zero-crossing frequency (ZXF) of the EEG and mean
      integrated voltage of both measures (MIVEEG and MIVEMG) that occurred during
      induction and emergence from general anesthesia in 17 patients and 2) case
      reports sampled from an additional 41 patients. Alone or combined, variations in
      these parameters did not consistently accompany changes in the depth or adequacy
      of anesthesia as determined by standard clinical signs (e.g. heart rate, blood
      pressure, movement). Interpatient variability in the EEG measures during recovery
      from anesthesia was so large that neither the absolute value of ZXF nor that of
      MIVEEG could discriminate between moderate (i.e., maintenance) and light (i.e.,
      emergence) anesthesia. Although MIVEMG uniformly decreased in anesthetized,
      unparalyzed patients (compared to the pre-operative awake state), noticeable
      increases during recovery often did not occur until limb movement was observed.
      Additionally, the common use of neuromuscular blockers made interpretation of low
      MIVEMG values quite difficult during anesthesia maintenance. However, selected
      individual case reports illustrated the potential benefit of routine
      intraoperative, microprocessor-based EEG/EMG monitoring. The single channel
      EEG/EMG display of the ABM seems sufficient to warn the anesthesiologist of
      pathologic decreases in cerebral electrical activity. Marked depression of
      cerebral function is associated with accidental anesthetic overdose, hypoxia or
      global ischemia. Additionally, the device should be useful for monitoring burst
      suppression or isoelectric EEG patterns intentionally produced during barbiturate
      or isoflurane coma for cerebral protection.

PMID- 3836285
TI  - Evaluation of an apparatus for continuous monitoring of gas exchange in
      mechanically ventilated patients.
AB  - Indirect calorimetry has been integrated with a commercially available
      ventilator, permitting continuous monitoring of energy expenditure and
      respiratory quotient. This equipment, the ventilator Erica, the Engstrom
      metabolic computer EMC and the carbon dioxide analyzer Eliza (Gambro Engstrom AB,
      Sweden) was evaluated in laboratory tests and in critically ill patients. In the
      laboratory evaluation, the variability in FIO2 was less than 0.05% at FIO2 less
      than 0.47. The linearity error of the oxygen sensor and the CO2 analyzer was less
      than 0.06%. The variability of the oxygen sensor was 0.01% O2 and of the CO2
      analyzer 0.04% CO2. The CO2 analyzer was sensitive to oxygen concentration and
      underestimated CO2 concentration by 3.3% at FIO2 = 0.5 if calibrated on room air.
      The pneumotachometer was oxygen dependent and overestimated inspired volume by
      5.5% at 100% O2, if calibrated on room air, and was negligibly affected by
      changes in minute volume or PEEP within the physiological range for adults. In
      the patient evaluation, 15 measurements of gas exchange were performed in 9
      critically ill patients and the results were compared with data obtained
      simultaneously by the Scholander technique or mass spectrometry. The standard
      deviation of the mean difference in comparison with the reference methods was
      9.4% for O2 uptake, 6.6% for CO2 elimination, 12.5% for respiratory quotient and
      3.9% for minute volume. Paired t-test analysis showed no systematic difference
      between the various methods. It is concluded that the EMC has an accuracy
      sufficient for clinical use and represents a commercially available technique of
      potential clinical value.

PMID- 3836286
TI  - Reliable detection of inspiration and expiration by computer.
AB  - A new computer assisted method is proposed to distinguish between the inspiratory
      and expiratory phases of breathing. The method is based on the analysis of both
      gas flow and CO2-concentration. The algorithm is effective and reliable and is
      most suitable in critical care patients when an uninterrupted sequence of breaths
      is to be analysed immediately at the bedside. Marked variations in tidal volume
      such as are seen in intermittent mandatory ventilation or spontaneous breathing
      during the phase of weaning from the ventilator, artefacts such as mechanical
      vibrations of the flow transducer or its connecting tubes do not disturb the
      analysis.

PMID- 3836287
TI  - Transcutaneous PO2 poorly estimates arterial PO2 in adults during anesthesia.
AB  - We compared values of PaO2 and transcutaneous PO2 in 21 adult patients during
      anesthesia. In 282 simultaneous determinations during anesthetic periods of 3-10
      h, transcutaneous PO2 was a poor predictor of absolute PaO2 and changes in PaO2.
      Transcutaneous PO2 monitoring in adults during anesthesia is of unproven value.

PMID- 3836288
TI  - Computerized slide-making.

PMID- 3836289
TI  - Audible alarm signals for anaesthesia monitoring equipment.
AB  - To address the problem of auditory alarms on anaesthesia monitoring and delivery
      devices whose signal is masked by the noises of other operating room equipment, a
      set of signals having the characteristics of spectral richness, frequency
      modulation, and temporal patterning were electronically generated, and were
      tested for detectability against operating room equipment noises in a laboratory
      setting. A set of signals was identified which can, under these circumstances, be
      detected with at least 93% accuracy at -24 dB signal-to-noise ratio.

PMID- 3836290
TI  - Mucin histochemistry of colonic mucous cells with lectin-colloidal gold complex.

PMID- 3836291
TI  - Effects of haemorrhage on myocardial metabolism.

PMID- 3836292
TI  - Comparative study of the different methods of collection of sputum samples in
      tuberculous patients.

PMID- 3836293
TI  - Isolation, characterization and the mechanism of action of AS-IBBR, polypeptide
      antibiotic.

PMID- 3836294
TI  - Survey of hepatitis B surface antigenemia in Al Zahraa Hospital.

PMID- 3836295
TI  - Minoxidil in a once-a-day step-3 antihypertensive program.
AB  - Convenience of medicine-taking and lack of side effects are two major factors
      that favor compliance. Using a simple and convenient once-a-day regimen of
      minoxidil, nadolol, and chlorthalidone, we treated successfully 30 patients with
      moderate to severe hypertension. All patients were previously taking at least
      three medications, usually three to four times a day. Treatment was started with
      nadolol (160 mg) and chlorthalidone (50 mg) once daily. If diastolic blood
      pressure remained above 90 mmHg, minoxidil was added at a starting dose of 2.5
      mg/day and increased weekly until blood pressure was controlled or the maximum
      dose of 100 mg/day was reached. The average blood pressure decreased from
      170.9/107.0 mmHg (sitting) and 174.1/110.8 mmHg (standing), before the addition
      of minoxidil, to 138.8/86.7 mmHg (sitting) and 140.0/89.5 mmHg (standing), at the
      third month of minoxidil therapy. At the sixth month of minoxidil therapy, the
      figures were 140.9/86.3 and 141.9/89.8 mmHg. With this single-dose program,
      smooth blood pressure control throughout 24 hours was documented by 24-hour
      ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring. Hypertrichosis was common but was
      bothersome only to women patients. Pericardial effusions occurred in five
      patients, but they were all small and asymptomatic. Subjective side effects of
      the regimen were usually so mild that all patients who completed the study
      decided to remain on the same regimen.

PMID- 3836296
TI  - Effect of seasonal temperature change on blood pressure in a treated hypertensive
      population.
AB  - To determine the effect of seasonal temperature variation on blood pressure and
      weight, we conducted a chart review of 39 male patients observed at the Milwaukee
      VA Medical Center Hypertension Clinic for a 6-year period between 1976 and 1983.
      Information on blood pressure and body weight was extracted from the charts for
      the four seasons of spring, summer, fall, and winter. No significant differences
      were noted in the blood pressure or body weight of our patients during the four
      seasons using a paired t-test.

PMID- 3836297
TI  - The effects of treatments with labetalol and hydrochlorothiazide on ventilatory
      function of asthmatic hypertensive patients with demonstrated bronchosensitivity
      to propranolol.
AB  - Fifty-two asthmatic patients with mild to moderate hypertension were screened for
      bronchosensitivity to propranolol in a double-blind randomized fashion after a 2
      week minimum placebo run-in period. Thirty-five patients qualified on the basis
      of a decrease in 1-second forced expiratory volume FEV1 by greater than or equal
      to 20% after 80 mg of propranolol with no more than a +/- 15% change after
      placebo. Of these patients, 18 were then randomly assigned to antihypertensive
      treatment with labetalol at doses that were increased at weekly intervals (100,
      200, 400, 600 mg BID) and 17, with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) (25 or 50 mg BID)
      as needed for control of hypertension. At each placebo washout visit and at each
      of the four active drug-treatment phase visits, spirometric measurements were
      obtained just prior to the morning dose of medication and again 2 hours later on
      the initial visit (i.e., following the initial dose of active treatment) and on
      each visit when the dosage was increased. Neither HCTZ nor labetalol (average
      daily doses at the end of the study were 88 and 555 mg, respectively) caused
      bronchoconstriction: Mean FEV1 did not change from the baseline neither prior to
      the morning dose (evaluation of the "chronic" treatment effect) nor 2 hours after
      dosing (evaluation of "acute" treatment effect). Three patients in each treatment
      group reported increased dyspnea and two on labetalol and one on HCTZ had
      increased wheezing; the mean weekly isoproterenol usage per patients was similar
      for the two treatments (1.3 times/week/pt for labetalol and 1.6 times/week/pt for
      HCTZ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3836298
TI  - The use of labetalol for the treatment of hypertension in patients with
      reversible airway obstruction.
AB  - Beta-adrenergic blocking agents are commonly used for the management of
      hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and angina pectoris; several of these agents
      are now available for clinical use (1-5). A significant side effect of these
      agents in patients experiencing reversible airway obstruction is that they block
      the effects of beta-adrenergic agonists and can precipitate or worsen
      bronchospasm (6-8). Labetalol, a new adrenergic antagonist with both alpha- and
      beta-adrenergic blocking effects, has been shown to have certain advantages for
      the management of hypertension and is widely used for this purpose in many
      countries (9). To evaluate its effects on airway resistance in patients with
      obstructive lung disease, the authors conducted two separate clinical studies.
      This article summarizes the results of these trials.

PMID- 3836299
TI  - The management of severe hypertension with minoxidil in a once-a-day treatment
      regimen.
AB  - We evaluated the antihypertensive efficacy of "once-a-day" minoxidil, given in
      conjunction with a diuretic and sympatholytic, and the effect of this simple
      regimen on patient compliance. Twenty-one severely hypertensive patients had
      their existing antihypertensive regimens changed to a single daily dose of
      chlorthalidone (50-100 mg) and either nadolol (160 mg) or reserpine (.25 mg) for
      a 3-week period. After stabilization on these two drugs, a single daily dose of
      minoxidil (2.5 mg) was added to each patient's regimen. Doses were titrated as
      necessary to achieve diastolic blood pressures of less than 90 mmHg. After 3 and
      6 months of maintenance therapy, blood pressures were measured 24 hours after the
      previous day's dosing to evaluate the persistence of the antihypertensive effect.
      Twenty-four-hour blood pressure control was achieved on 76% of these occasions,
      and on at least one occasion in 90% of the patients. In addition, compliance was
      excellent.

PMID- 3836300
TI  - The use of transcutaneous clonidine hydrochloride in the patient with diabetes
      mellitus and mild hypertension.
AB  - The effectiveness and safety of transdermally administered clonidine
      hydrochloride was assessed in 16 patients with type-II diabetes mellitus. This
      group of patients was chosen because of the frequent occurrence of hypertension
      in diabetic patients and potential problems with transdermal absorption of
      medication because of small vessel disease. A skin patch containing clonidine
      hydrochloride (Catapres TTS) was applied at weekly intervals after an appropriate
      placebo lead-in period. Satisfactory response to therapy was seen in 15 of the 16
      patients. One patient developed a generalized skin rash and was withdrawn from
      the study. Correlation between change in diastolic blood pressure and plasma
      clonidine levels was noted. Of note was the absence of the usual side effects
      (drowsiness, dry mouth, etc.) seen with oral clonidine administration. This study
      thus highlights the success of transdermal clonidine therapy in controlling blood
      pressure in the mild hypertensive patient with diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3836302
TI  - [The university, the lecturer and the student].

PMID- 3836301
TI  - Safety and efficacy of guanabenz in hypertensive patients with moderate renal
      insufficiency.
AB  - Eight hypertensive patients with moderate renal insufficiency were treated with
      gradually increasing oral doses of guanabenz acetate to a maximum dose of 8 mg
      BID. Patients' medications were titrated over 8 weeks. Once blood pressure
      control was achieved (seated diastolic blood pressure, 90 mmHg, or decrease of 10
      mmHg from baseline values), drug dosages were maintained for up to a 12-week
      total treatment phase. Patients had significant reductions of blood pressure
      during treatment with guanabenz as compared to that during pretreatment levels.
      No changes in body weight or creatinine clearance were evident, as compared to
      baseline values. Our data suggest that guanabenz, in relatively small doses, can
      be used as safe and effective monotherapy of essential hypertension in patients
      with moderate renal insufficiency.

PMID- 3836303
TI  - The iodine content of fresh milk samples in Natal and the effect of iodophor teat
      dips on milk iodine content.
AB  - The iodine content of fresh milk samples from bulk milk transport vehicles
      (tankers) and from bulk tanks on individual farms was determined. Approximately
      75 percent of all the samples fell within the normal range of 25 to 300
      micrograms iodine/l of milk. The mean iodine concentration in the tanker samples
      was 257 micrograms/l and in the farm tank samples 294 micrograms/l, while the
      medians of the iodine concentrations in the surveys were 214 and 218 micrograms/l
      respectively. A total of 1.75 percent of the tanker samples and 5.5 percent of
      the individual farm samples contained more than 1000 micrograms/iodine/l, a level
      which is considered to be undesirable for human consumption. Iodine containing
      teat dips (2000 mg available iodine/l) increased the iodine concentration of the
      milk of cows treated with these teat dips by between 11 and 60 micrograms/l.

PMID- 3836304
TI  - Blood chemical parameters in free-living white rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum.
AB  - Serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, total protein, albumin,
      aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma
      glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase were
      determined in free-living white rhinoceroses Ceratotherium simum (n = 20). Single
      serum cortisol (n = 20), oestradiol-17 Beta (n = 14) and progesterone (n = 14)
      concentrations are also presented. Low serum sodium (129.6 +/- 4.2 mmol/l)
      chloride (94.2 +/- 3.05 mmol/l) and albumin (26.1 +/- 3.71 mmol/l) as well as
      high globulin (alpha 1, alpha 2, beta and gamma) concentrations were outstanding
      features.

PMID- 3836305
TI  - Simultaneous isolation of anaerobic bacteria from udder abscesses and mastitic
      milk in lactating dairy cows.
AB  - A variety of non-sporulating anaerobic bacterial species were isolated from udder
      abscesses in 10 lactating dairy cows. Fifty percent of the abscesses yielded
      multiple anaerobic species and the other 50% only 1 species. The anaerobic
      bacteria, however, were always accompanied by classical facultative anaerobic
      mastitogenic bacteria. In four of the five cows also afflicted with mastitis in
      the quarters with abscesses, the anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria
      were identical. Peptococcus indolicus was the most commonly isolated organism
      followed by Eubacterium and Bacteroides spp. Bacteroides fragilis was resistant
      to penicillin, ampicillin and tetracycline.

PMID- 3836306
TI  - Ovine brucellosis: repeated vaccination with Rev 1 vaccine and the prevalence of
      the disease in the Winburg district.
AB  - The effect of repeated vaccination of ram lambs with Brucella melitensis Rev 1
      vaccine was studied in relation to complement fixation titres. The presence of
      Brucella organisms in semen and changes in neutrophil densities of the semen were
      also studied. A survey of the incidence of ovine brucellosis in the Winburg
      district on the basis of a clinical examination of rams and the complement
      fixation test is also reported on. Repeated vaccination of ram lambs with Rev 1
      vaccine resulted in high complement fixation titres for Brucella abortus in all
      cases and slight Brucella ovis titres in some cases. Neither Brucella organisms,
      nor increased numbers of neutrophils could be found in semen samples collected
      from the experimental animals. The incidence of ovine brucellosis in commercial
      and stud flocks in the Winburg district was in the order of 2%. As a fairly high
      incidence of brucellosis occurred in 2 stud Dohne merino flocks where ram lambs
      are vaccinated with Rev 1 at weaning, the administration thereof in this breed
      should take place at an earlier age. A second dosage at weaning should not have
      any disadvantageous effects. In order to protect newly vaccinated ram lambs from
      contracting brucellosis from older, infected cases, the separation of age groups
      is essential. The incidence of clinically detectable testicular lesions in rams
      from the Winburg district was in the order of 2%.

PMID- 3836308
TI  - Brain involvement in the chronic cardiac form of Chagas' disease.
AB  - A pathological systematized study of the brain in 31 cases of the chronic form of
      cardiac Chagas' disease was undertaken. In three cases (10%), granulomatous
      encephalitis in multiple non-systematized foci was observed. In one case, a
      recent active process was involved, with the presence of parasites. In two cases,
      it was suggested that lesions were reliquat of the acute phase, indicating a
      process becoming inactive, or already inactive. The type of brain infection in
      the chronic form of Chagas' disease is discussed as a consequence of interfering
      with the parasite-host relation (e.g., immunodepression) and favouring acute
      episodes.

PMID- 3836307
TI  - Hyperendemic West African trypanosomiasis in a rural hospital setting.
AB  - Over 60 cases of trypanosomiasis presented to Eku Hospital between May 1983 and
      May 1985. During this time, within this previously unreported hyperendemic focus,
      47 patients were documented microscopically. Their clinical characteristics are
      reported here. Seventy-four per cent were felt to have CNS involvement on
      presentation. Compliance with the therapeutic regimen was a major problem,
      requiring adjustments in the usually accepted management of this disorder.

PMID- 3836309
TI  - An examination of the prepatent period and the absence of a crowding effect in
      Angiostrongylus cantonensis in laboratory rats.
AB  - The effects of the size of the infective inoculum on the prepatent period and the
      effect of crowding on body volume were examined in populations of Angiostrongylus
      cantonensis (Metastrongyloidea: Angiostrongylidae) in the laboratory rat. Groups
      of five rats were infected with 5, 10, 20 and 40 L3 of A. cantonensis,
      respectively. The prepatent period was determined by examination of faeces using
      a modified Baermann technique. The prepatent period ranged from 37 to 45 days and
      was best described by a negative logarithmic curve (y = 51.21 + x-3.838). Based
      on developmental data in the literature, it is suggested that 37 days represents
      the minimum prepatent period for A. cantonensis in this host. Worm population
      showed a significant, positive increase with inoculum size, yet there was no
      relationship between worm volume and population size in females and a slight, but
      significant, increase in worm volume and population size in males from rats
      necropsied 76-84 days post-infection. It is concluded that crowding is likely to
      have little effect on worm size in rats naturally infected with A. cantonensis.

PMID- 3836310
TI  - Anthrax in Lake Rukwa Valley, Tanzania: a persistent problem.
AB  - An epidemic of 239 human cases of anthrax is reported in the Rukwa Valley area of
      Tanzania. Although the infecting source was meat from animals dying of the
      disease, no intestinal cases occurred. Those infected were predominantly males
      between 15 and 35. The epidemic was seasonal, reaching a peak towards the end of
      the dry period when cattle were close grazing, and declining rapidly once the
      rains started and the grass began to grow. The increasing magnitude of annual
      epidemics suggests that the problem will get worse unless major efforts are made
      to vaccinate cattle before the epidemic period.

PMID- 3836311
TI  - Microflora in the trophic ulcers of the foot in leprosy.
AB  - Out of 25 cases of trophic ulcers of the foot, 10 (40%) were both aerobic and
      anaerobic, 14 (56%) only aerobic and one (4%) showed no growth of bacteria. With
      the exception of two cases (8%) in the aerobic group, all others showed mixed
      infections. A wide range of bacteria is reported. Topical application of
      gentamicin and chloramphenicol is recommended, based on the results of in vitro
      sensitivity.

PMID- 3836312
TI  - Frequencies of apolipoproteins E5 and E7 in apparently healthy Japanese.

PMID- 3836313
TI  - Genetic heterogeneity of histidinemia detected by screening newborn infants in
      Japan.

PMID- 3836314
TI  - A 14-year-old girl with Turner syndrome of complicated karyotype; 45,X/47,XY,+18,
      19,+der(19),t(Y;19)(q12;p13.3).

PMID- 3836315
TI  - Repetition in schizophrenic speech.

PMID- 3836316
TI  - Morphophonology and lexical organization in deaf readers.

PMID- 3836317
TI  - The generalization hypothesis: final consonant deletion.

PMID- 3836318
TI  - Production of syntactic stress in alaryngeal speech.

PMID- 3836319
TI  - Exposure to the modern health service system as a predictor of the duration of
      breastfeeding: a cross-cultural study.

PMID- 3836320
TI  - Biological and behavioral predictors of exclusive breastfeeding duration.

PMID- 3836321
TI  - The effect of the WIC program on nutrient intake of infants, 1984.

PMID- 3836323
TI  - Biocultural factors affecting infant feeding and growth.

PMID- 3836322
TI  - The influence of infant feeding patterns on growth of children in American Samoa.

PMID- 3836324
TI  - Research on determinants of breastfeeding duration: suggestions for biocultural
      studies.

PMID- 3836325
TI  - Lymph node cell responsiveness in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania mexicana.
AB  - In the present study we measured the blastogenic response of lymph node cells
      from BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania mexicana throughout the course of
      infection. Results showed that infected mice displayed normal blastogenic
      responses in the lymph nodes until twenty weeks of infection. Thereafter, there
      was a gradual suppression. Comparison of the immunoresponsiveness in the spleen
      and lymph nodes, revealed normal responses in the lymph nodes several weeks after
      suppression in the spleen had occurred. Suppression of blastogenic responses in
      the lymph nodes was related to an adherent macrophage-like cell which actively
      suppressed normal proliferative responses to mitogens.

PMID- 3836327
TI  - Competitive interactions between species of fresh-water snails. I. Laboratory.
      IC. Comparative survival of Biomphalaria glabrata and B. straminea kept out of
      water.
AB  - Biomphalaria glabrata and B. straminea were submitted to an out-door laboratory
      experiment for testing their comparative ability to resist desiccation. Results
      have shown that B. straminea is significantly higher resistant than B. glabrata.
      After five months under such distressing condition the survival ratios were: B.
      glabrata 8.1 per cent and B. straminea 18.4 per cent.

PMID- 3836326
TI  - [Trypanosoma rangeli Tejera, 1920. VIII. Response to reinfections in 2 mammals].
AB  - Under experimental conditions, the course of the infection and the response to
      the reinfection by Trypanosoma rangeli in mice and Didelphis marsupialis, are
      studied. During the initial infection the mice show a relatively low parasitaemia
      and a short patent period. A scanty parasitaemia level of four days length, was
      observed following the first reinfection, being the mice resistant to new
      reinfections by T. rangeli. In opossums a lower parasitaemia and a longer patent
      period than that detected in mice, were observed during the initial infection.
      The response to reinfections in this mammal, was similar to that observed in
      mice. After reinfection with T. rangeli, haemagglutinant antibodies in immune
      sera of both mice and opossums, were detected. The possible immune-response at
      the site of deposition against the metacyclic-forms of T. rangeli, and the action
      of circulating antibodies against the blood forms of the parasite, are speculated
      to explain the resistance of mice and opossums to the reinfection by T. rangeli.

PMID- 3836328
TI  - [Establishment of a colony, in laboratory, of Lutzomyia intermedia Lutz & Neiva,
      1912 (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae)].
AB  - A laboratory colony of the sandfly Lutzomyia intermedia was established (at
      present in its seventh generation) in order to provide specimens for experimental
      infection and for experimental xenodiagnosis of natural infections due to
      cutaneous leishmanias in Rio de Janeiro. Date are presented on the methodology
      and on the yield and duration of each stage of development, during the first four
      generations.

PMID- 3836329
TI  - [Ectoparasites of rodents of the urban region of Belo Horizonte, MG. II.
      Variations of the infestation indices in Rattus norvegicus norvegicus].
AB  - The indices of infestation by the mites Echinolaelaps echidninus and Laelaps
      nuttalli, the louse Popyplax spinulosa and the flea Xenopsylla cheopis, obtained
      monthly, from June 1980 to September 1982, on Rattus norvegicus norvegicus in the
      city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais state, Brazil were related to seasonal
      period, sex of the host and area of capture. Mites and insects showed different
      behaviour in relation to these factors. Only the fleas and lice exhibit
      significant association between the rodents' infestation and the seasonal period,
      or between the infestation and the rodents' sex or else a variation of the
      distribution by the three main areas of capture. The fleas showed the highest
      indices of infestation in the warm-rainy season (October to March) while the
      infestation by the lice was more prevalent in the dry-cool season. The climatic
      factors most related with the hosts' infestation were, in decreasing order,
      rainfall, temperature and relative humidity. Fleas and lice preferentially
      infested male rodents, being infestation by X. cheopis highly significant.

PMID- 3836330
TI  - [Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet, 1866) Nematoda: Protostrongylidae, in dogs of
      Minas Gerais, Brazil].
AB  - For the first time Angiostrongylus vasorum in Canis familiaris in Minas Gerais
      State, Brazil, is described. The description and measurements of three males and
      ten females are presented together with a diagram of the parasite.

PMID- 3836331
TI  - [Physical and chemical characteristics of the habitat of Biomphalaria tenagophila
      (Mollusca, Planorbidae)].
AB  - Samples of water and snails collected through aleatory scoops in a small dam were
      done to obtain data concerning the physical and chemical characteristics of the
      water and their possible influence on biological aspects of the life cycle of
      snails. Among the 17 analysed parameters, Alkalinity and Conductivity showed a
      positive correlation with the density of B. tenagophila (r = +0.224 and r =
      +0.290), while CO2 and Acidity were negatively correlated with this populacional
      parameter (r = -0.592 and 0.601). Alkalinity and Total Hardness values were
      slightly higher than 100 mg/l CaCO3. Chlorides and Conductivity showed means of
      94.9 +/- 38.7 and 680.1 +/- 643 microS/cm; these values are very high for that
      region. Other factors like pH and OD are according to the pattern for provision
      untreated waters. The density of B. tenagophila declined in the 6th month after a
      long period of torrential rains and in the rainy summers. In the colder months of
      the following year the density was higher (until 124 individuals/months/90
      scoops). The monthly mean of the diameters of the snails was always larger than
      13 mm, reaching 21.4 +/- 4.1 mm, but the mode was about 17 mm. There was no
      correlation between diameter/density (r = 0.037) and density/temperature (r =
      0.065).

PMID- 3836333
TI  - Liquid nitrogen cryopreservation of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in Fava's Netto
      medium.

PMID- 3836332
TI  - [Morphological and functional characterization of adherent splenic cells of
      mice].
AB  - The separation, characterization and functional assay of the inflammatory
      infiltrate present in the site of the lesion has been useful in the study of many
      diseases. Histochemical techniques for esterase and acid phosphatase, as well as
      the Phagocytose test and the Giemsa staining were applied to the study of the
      spleen-cell population of ten mice. A good characterization of the components of
      the Phagocytic Mononuclear System and the identification and quantification of
      the total cell population were obtained.

PMID- 3836334
TI  - Transport of immunoglobulin G by endothelial vesicles in isolated capillaries.
AB  - The ability of capillary endothelial vesicles to transport immunoglobulin G (IgG)
      across the capillary wall was investigated. Isolated capillary endothelial cells
      were found to endocytose fluorescent-labeled IgG via a bulk fluid-phase
      mechanism. When placed in marker-free medium the cells released all previously
      ingested label. Cationization of IgG causes greater amounts of the protein to be
      ingested as compared to normal IgG. Cationized IgG is probably endocytosed via an
      adsorptive mechanism, allowing greater efficiency in its uptake. It is concluded
      that IgG can be transcytosed by isolated endothelial cells of capillary origin
      and that the charge of the IgG molecule is important in determining its mode of
      uptake.

PMID- 3836335
TI  - Effects of dopamine and vasopressin on histamine-induced increases in
      macromolecular permeability in the canine forelimb.
AB  - Local intra-arterial infusions of histamine, 16 micrograms base/min, for 60
      minutes produced increases in lymph flow, lymph total protein concentration, the
      lymph/plasma total protein ratio, and weight in canine forelimbs perfused at
      constant flow. The weight gains were far greater than can be accounted for by an
      increase in vascular volume, and must, therefore, be attributed to edema
      formation. Treatment with dopamine (2, 4, or 8 micrograms base/min) or arginine
      vasopressin (AVP) initially produced an increase in perfusion pressure reflecting
      constriction of the forelimb vasculature. AVP prevented the histamine-induced
      increase in lymph flow, lymph total protein concentration, the L/P total protein
      ratio, and weight gain. In contrast, treatment with DA at three different dose
      levels failed to affect the histamine response. The increases in lymph flow,
      lymph total protein concentration, lymph/plasma total protein ratio, and weight
      were comparable to that produced by histamine in the absence of DA. These data
      fail to provide evidence for DA mediated regulation of macromolecular
      permeability, and suggest that endothelial cells either do not contain DA
      receptors, or that their activation does not affect macromolecular permeability.

PMID- 3836336
TI  - Evidence for constriction of canine prenodal lymphatic vessels by vasoactive
      agents and carotid occlusion.
AB  - We measured pressure in a prenodal lymphatic in the canine forelimb during
      constant flow pump-perfusion of the brachial artery. We made bolus i.a.
      injections of 1.0 micrograms angiotensin II, norepinephrine, bombesin, or
      bradykinin, 20 micrograms 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), or occluded the carotid
      arteries. Norepinephrine, 5HT, or carotid occlusion produced regular rises in
      forelimb perfusion pressure and in lymphatic pressure. Angiotensin II increased
      forelimb arterial pressures but increased lymphatic pressure in only four
      experiments. Bombesin increased artery pressures but did not affect lymphatic
      pressure. Small vein pressure was increased by carotid occlusion, 5HT and
      norepinephrine. Increases in lymphatic pressure were coincident with increases in
      vein pressure but no related in magnitude. Bradykinin decreased forelimb arterial
      and venous pressures but did not affect lymphatic pressure. Either active
      constriction of lymphatic vessels or passive compression by movements of adjacent
      blood vessels could increase lymphatic pressure. These data do not preclude a
      passive component of pressure rise in the lymphatics nor do they support the
      concept. We conclude that active constriction of prenodal lymphatic vessels in
      the dog forelimb can occur in response to circulating vasoactive agents and
      bilateral carotid occlusion.

PMID- 3836337
TI  - The effects of myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion on perfused coronary
      capillarity.
AB  - To determine the effects of ischemia and reperfusion on myocardial perfused
      capillary density, rat hearts were excised, kept ischemic for thirty minutes then
      reperfused with blood from a support animal. Control hearts were isolated and
      perfused for either 10 or 60 minutes before injection of a vascular marker
      (Monastral Blue-blood mixture, 30 sec at 100 mmHg). The ischemic hearts were
      perfused with Blue after 10 minutes of reperfusion. The perfused capillary
      density (theta) and capillary/fiber ratio (C/F) were measured from frozen
      transverse sections of the left ventricle. For 10- and 60-minute control hearts,
      the epicardial theta values were 2324 +/- 476 caps/mm2 and 2378 +/- 330 SD. The
      endo/epi theta ratio was not significantly less than unity for either control
      group. For the ischemic group, theta was significantly decreased both in the
      epicardium (707 +/- 515 caps/mm2) and endocardium (130 +/- 30 caps/mm2) (p less
      than 0.05). The endo/epi theta ratio was significantly less than unity for the
      ischemic group (P less than 0.05). The C/F ratio analysis yielded the same
      results. The decrease in both theta and CF ratio indicate that 30 minutes of
      ischemia followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion caused a marked "No-reflow"
      phenomena in isolated, supported hearts. The No-reflow was most pronounced in the
      endocardium.

PMID- 3836338
TI  - Transcytosis of ferritin and increased production of subendothelial matrix
      components by aortic endothelial cells during the development of hypertension.
AB  - The aortic intima of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat underwent dramatic
      structural alterations with respect to the subendothelial space coincident with
      the rise in arterial pressure. This space became increasingly widened from four
      to 24 weeks, and exhibited a dense accumulation of granular material, resembling
      a complex reticular basement membrane. To determine if this alteration was due to
      an abnormality in endothelial transcytosis, rats of four, ten and 24 weeks of age
      were studied using ferritin as a tracer. In the SHR, vesicular transport of
      injected ferritin was significantly increased at all ages studied compared to the
      WKY, but decreased to prehypertensive levels by 24 weeks of age. This occurred
      without a change in the density of vesicles and caveolae within the cells.
      Despite the decrease in transcytosis from 10 to 24 weeks the alterations of the
      subendothelial space continued indicating that the endothelium may play a role in
      the synthesis and deposition of the dense extracellular matrix.

PMID- 3836339
TI  - Chemical blockade of the reticuloendothelial system results in arteriolar spasms:
      possible role of endothelial cells.
AB  - Scattered qualitative studies in the literature suggest that the
      reticuloendothelial system (RES) interacts with the microcirculation to effect
      host defense and that chemical or pharmacologic blockade of the RES might
      compromise the microcirculation. With this possibility in mind, we designed
      experiments in rats to determine whether colloid and pharmacologic blockade of
      the RES could alter microvascular tone and reactivity. The effects of colloidal
      carbon, thorium dioxide, tripalmitin and tetracycline on reticuloendothelial
      system phagocytic function, mesenteric terminal arteriolar tone and arteriolar
      reactivity to noradrenaline and acetylcholine were examined in situ at
      magnifications up to 5000x. Colloidal carbon and thorium dioxide, in the doses
      utilized, produced complete blockade of the RES. Treatment with tripalmitin and
      tetracycline produced pronounced RES depression. RES blockade and depression were
      associated with marked reductions in terminal arteriolar lumen sizes, curtailment
      of capillary inflow and outflow, hyper-reactivity to the constrictor,
      noradrenaline, and hypo-reactivity to the dilator, acetylcholine. Close
      examination of the endothelial linings of the capillaries, postcapillary venules
      and terminal arterioles of the experimentally-treated animals indicated
      pronounced uptake of carbon particles in the endothelial cells, different degrees
      of endothelial cell swelling and often bulging into the microvessel lumens. Our
      findings suggest that RES-induced alterations in microvascular tone and
      arteriolar reactivity may be related to injury of the microvascular endothelial
      cells.

PMID- 3836340
TI  - Arterial, venous and lymphatic pathways in dorsal mucosa of dog tongue
      (implicated routes for metastatic lesions).
AB  - Because metastatic lesions of the tongue are known to spread primarily via
      lymphatics and secondarily via veins, it would seem likely that knowledge of
      their distribution would be essential to clinico-pathologic interpretation.
      Although there is unaminity of opinion regarding lymphatic afferent pathways from
      the tongue to regional lymph nodes, unanimity of opinion is lacking regarding
      distribution of lymphatics and veins in the dorsal mucosa. Pivotal questions are:
      Do lymph vessels in the dorsal lingual mucosa extend across lines of fusion of
      embryonic lingual processes (lingual raphe and sulcus terminalis)? Do anterior
      and posterior portions of the tongue drain separately? To resolve these problems
      and to clearly delineate arteries, veins and lymphatics, each vessel type was
      perfused with a different colored perfusate. Imaging techniques provided by
      perfusion methods demonstrated precisely that the lymphatic network extends
      uniformly throughout the mucosa from tip to base crossing the sulcus terminalis
      in route and from border to border crossing the median lingual raphe. Mucosal
      veins are peltate in form anteriorly, but are pennate in form forward to the
      vallate papillae. The distribution characteristics of these vessel types provides
      opportunities for multidirectional spread of metastatic lesions. Because spread
      via both routes is rapid and multidirectional, it becomes clear that chemotherapy
      and radiotherapy may be preferable to surgery. The latter is frequently
      mutilating and sometimes the patient is left without capabilities of phonation
      and deglutition. Furthermore, radical surgical procedures do not provide
      assurance that the patient has been entirely separated from the malignancy.

PMID- 3836341
TI  - Whole-blood filtration at different filtration pressures: evaluation in normals
      and diabetics.
AB  - Using the Reid technique we evaluated the blood cellular volume (VBC-ml/min-)
      obtained by changing filtration negative pressure. From the obtained data it is
      evident that at the three different pressures (20, 15 and 10 cm of H2O) the VBC
      does not distinguish normals from diabetics. Only at the negative pressure of 20
      cm of water did the VBC distinguish diabetics who were subdivided for type and
      for vascular complications. We also evaluated the relationship between the values
      of VBC calculated at the pressure of 20 and 10 cm of water. From this study it
      emerges that the relationship between the two values present in normals is not
      different from that present in diabetics and in diabetics subdivided for type and
      vascular complications. The causes of these findings have been examined in
      detail.

PMID- 3836343
TI  - Control of transcapillary water movement by vasoactive agents.
AB  - Experiments were performed to demonstrate that papaverine can increase capillary
      filtration coefficient, CFC, and to investigate whether this increase could be
      reversed by isoproterenol, norepinephrine and plasma. The study used the isolated
      cat hindlimb, perfused at constant flow with a recirculated blood-albumin
      solution. It was observed that papaverine increased CFC in a dose-dependent
      manner, and that this effect could be reversed by isoproterenol and
      norepinephrine. Norepinephrine reduced CFC even in the presence of phentolamine.
      Plasma, previously shown to reduce CFC when papaverine was present, was shown to
      have no such effect when papaverine was absent. It is argued that the CFC changes
      are best explained by changes in the hydraulic conductivity of the exchange
      vessels, rather than through changes in the perfused surface area, and that the
      CFC changes are similar to the permeability changes caused by inflammatory
      mediators and catecholamines observed by others.

PMID- 3836342
TI  - Effect of diabetes on microvascular responses in mouse mesentery.
AB  - Mice 8 weeks old were made diabetic with streptozotocin. Their mesenteric
      arterioles were studied 4-8 weeks later and their responses compared with those
      of arterioles in control mice. The responses to the dilators acetylcholine and
      papaverine and to the constrictor prostaglandin F2 alpha were identical in
      diabetics and controls whether the changes in diameter were expressed as a
      percent of baseline diameter or in absolute units (microns). Diabetics had
      significantly smaller responses than controls, to the constrictors norepinephrine
      and serotonin. However the effect of diabetes on the response to norepinephrine
      may have been a spurious consequence of expressing constrictions as a percent of
      slightly differing resting diameters, since the difference became statistically
      insignificant when constrictions were expressed in absolute units as microns. The
      reduced response to serotonin remained significant no matter how constriction was
      expressed. This result, together with a similar finding in an earlier study of
      diabetes which used much smaller cerebral vessels, suggests that reduced vascular
      responses to serotonin may be associated with streptozotocin diabetes of
      relatively recent onset in mice. The reason for this relatively selective
      impairment of vasomotor response remains obscure, as does the reason for the
      spared responses to the other vasoactive agents we tested.

PMID- 3836344
TI  - Studies of lymph modification by lymph nodes.
AB  - This paper will focus on physiological evidence for a lymph node concentrating
      diluting mechanism. The mechanism is based on the finding that the protein
      concentration of efferent lymph leaving the node will change in the direction
      required to establish equilibrium of the Starling forces acting across the blood
      lymph barrier of the lymph node. Therefore, the lymph proteins may become
      concentrated or diluted during nodal transit, depending on the direction of net
      fluid transfer between the lymph and blood vascular compartments; if the Starling
      forces are balanced perfectly, the lymph will not be altered.

PMID- 3836345
TI  - Hepatic microvascular regulatory mechanisms. VI. Effects of lodoxamide
      tromethamine or phentolamine-HCl on early hemodynamic and glucoregulatory
      alterations evoked by endotoxin.
AB  - Initial changes in hepatic microvasculature and systemic arterial blood pressure
      were measured in non-fasted and anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats receiving an
      i.v. infusion, or a topical application to the surface of the liver, of endotoxin
      (S. typhimurium) and/or phentolamine or lodoxamide. Circulating blood glucose and
      hepatic glycogen content were determined in infused rats. Injection of 10 mg per
      kg b.w. endotoxin, or topical administration of 10 micrograms endotoxin and/or
      antagonists, elicited no change in carotid (arterial) blood pressure. Infusion
      was accompanied by an elevation in blood glucose within 15 min and a decrease in
      hepatic glycogen content by 35 min. Injection of 1.0 mg per kg b.w. phentolamine
      blocked the endotoxin-induced hyperglycemia without affecting hepatic
      glycogenolysis. However, the alpha-adrenergic antagonist by itself provoked
      systemic hypotension, mild hypoglycemia, and hepatic glycogen depletion within 35
      min. In vivo microscopy revealed that 10 micrograms endotoxin evoked immediate
      constriction of portal venules and periportal sinusoids. Vasoconstriction was
      accompanied by an increase in the percentage of microvascular segments containing
      decreased cellular blood flow velocity. These responses were blocked by 0.1
      microgram lodoxamide but not by 100 micrograms phentolamine. The lodoxamide
      induced inhibition was reversed by reapplication of 10 micrograms endotoxin 15
      min following blockade. Given these results, it is suggested that (a)
      microvascular responses elicited by endotoxin were mediated by released
      constituents from intrahepatic mast cells and not by activation of alpha
      adrenergic receptors, and (b) phentolamine blocked endotoxin-induced initial
      hyperglycemia by virtue of its hypoglycemic, glycogenolytic and/or hypotensive
      effects.

PMID- 3836346
TI  - Local skeletal muscle surface oxygen pressure fields after high-energy trauma.
AB  - In the assessment of viability of traumatized muscle tissue clinical signs,
      including colour, consistency, capillary bleeding and contractility have been
      commonly used. One of these signs, discolouration, has been shown in earlier
      studies to be associated with impaired circulation and severe and irreversible
      changes of muscle electrolytes and energy metabolism. In this study the
      circulation and tissue oxygen pressure fields were studied on either side of the
      "demarcation line" between discoloured and normally coloured areas of traumatized
      muscle tissue. Anaesthetized pigs were injured in one thigh with a high velocity
      spherical steel missile. The microcirculatory flow of the traumatized muscle was
      studied by measuring the clearance of 133Xenon from the surface of the muscle and
      tissue oxygen pressure (PtO2) was measured with an MDO electrode. Measurements
      were done before and 1, 3 and 5 hours after the trauma. A markedly decreased or
      absent flow as well as very low PtO2 values were found within areas of
      discolouration. In the adjacent normally coloured areas no such changes were
      noted and the values of these areas resembled those of the contralateral
      untraumatized leg. The results agree with those of earlier studies of circulation
      and metabolic changes indicating that discolouration is a useful sign in the
      clinical assessment of muscle viability after high-energy trauma.

PMID- 3836347
TI  - On criteria determining the extension of microvascular beds with particular
      reference to cerebral cortex.
AB  - Proceeding from the results of work in the field of microcirculation, the author
      proposes two criteria to determine the limits of microvascular beds. The first is
      the functional behavior of the arterial branching sequence under natural
      conditions, and the other is the specific red cell behavior inside the transient
      arterial and venous branchings. Proceeding from these criteria the limits of the
      microvascular bed for the rabbit cerebral cortex were found to be at the arterial
      branches of approximately 100 microns in diameter. But, it is still unknown
      whether this is a common regularity for all regions of the body.

PMID- 3836348
TI  - The relationship between subcutaneous tissue pressures and intramuscular
      pressures in normal and edematous legs.
AB  - The interstitial hydrostatic pressure is affecting fluid movements at
      microvascular level. A disturbance in the Starling equilibrium results in edema
      formation. The effect of venous outflow and lymphatic obstructions in human, on
      the interstitial fluid pressures subcutaneously and intramuscularly and the
      possible interaction between veins and lymphatics was studied. Utilizing a slit
      catheter technique, subcutaneous tissue and intramuscular pressures were measured
      bilaterally in 10 patients with venous outflow obstruction and in 10 patients
      with lymphatic obstruction. In lymphatic obstruction the subcutaneous tissue
      pressure was significantly elevated as well as the intramuscular pressure, while
      in venous obstruction the subcutaneous tissue pressure was normal. The
      intramuscular pressure was significantly elevated during exercise reaching 60 mm
      Hg or more, combined with severe pain. Pain did not occur in patients with
      lymphatic obstruction. This study suggests that in lymphatic obstruction there is
      also an involvement of either deep lymphatics, venous dysfunction or a
      combination of both. Intramuscular pressures do not reach the critical level for
      pain during exercise. In venous obstruction mainly the intramuscular compartment
      is involved and interstitial pressure reaches values well above 60 mm Hg during
      exercise, at which level pain occurs, possibly due to tension of painreceptors in
      the muscle fascias.

PMID- 3836349
TI  - The effect of hydrostatic gradient on solvent drag reflection coefficient in
      heteroporous membranes: differences between model-dependent and model-independent
      computations.
AB  - The accepted reason for apparent increase in solvent drag reflection coefficient
      (sigma f) with mean hydrostatic pressure gradient (delta p) across a heteroporous
      membrane is thought to be twofold. First, fractional volume flux traversing small
      pores (F) is thought to rise as delta p rises. Second, since it is believed that
      sigma f is directly related to F, then sigma f should rise with delta p to an
      asymptote. The first feature of a rise in F with delta p to an asymptote was
      shown to be true for two published two pore models. However, sigma f was closely
      correlated with F only if sigma f was computed from summation of known components
      of flux across each pore. If sigma f was computed by a model independent, purely
      thermodynamic method, then sigma f was not closely tied to F, and approached its
      asymptote at considerably lower values of delta p than the summation form of
      sigma f. It is concluded that although F rises with delta p above critical values
      of delta p, this alone cannot be the cause of a rising sigma f computed by model
      independent methods. Another explanation, such as anatomic change is required. In
      addition, model independent methods for computation of sigma f require fewer
      assumptions, less information and lower pressures than model dependent methods.

PMID- 3836350
TI  - Blockade of histamine receptors and thrombin-induced microembolic pulmonary edema
      in the rat.
AB  - Pulmonary edema was induced by an intravenous infusion of bovine thrombin, 500
      NIH/kg b.w., given in 5 min, in rats in which fibrinolysis had been inhibited by
      an intraperitoneal injection of the fibrinolysis inhibitor AMCA. Ninety minutes
      after termination of the thrombin infusion the lung weight was increased from
      1.09 +/- 0.07 to 3.14 +/- 0.12 g due to edema. A high albumin concentration in
      the extravascular water indicated that the edema was a consequence of increased
      permeability in the microcirculation. In rats injected with the H1 histamine
      receptor antagonist mepyramine maleate and H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine
      after the thrombin infusion, the lung weight was significantly lower at 90 min
      (2.68 +/- 0.33 g), and the amount of edema as calculated morphometrically was
      slightly but significantly reduced. The concentration of albumin in the
      extravascular water (i.e. in the edema fluid) in rats subjected to histamine
      receptor blockade was unchanged, indicating that the slight decrease in edema was
      a result of decreased filtration pressure and not of an effect on microvascular
      permeability.

PMID- 3836351
TI  - Changes in postglomerular hemodynamics alters the composition of canine renal
      lymph.
AB  - Renal lymph was collected from either capsular or hilar lymphatic vessels in
      anesthetized dogs. Collections were made during control periods and during two
      levels of elevated renal vein pressure. Increases in renal vein pressure resulted
      in increased lymph flow and decreases in capsular lymph protein, creatinine and
      PAH concentrations relative to those of concurrently collected arterial blood
      plasma. Although hilar lymph flow increased in response to elevated renal vein
      pressure, only the lymph creatinine concentration was decreased. It was concluded
      that peritubular capillary filtration may not be a major factor in determining
      renal lymph composition. In addition, it appears that the steady-state protein
      and PAH concentrations in the interstitial fluid of the outer cortex are more
      sensitive to solute washout during increased renal vein pressure than those of
      the inner cortex and outer medulla.

PMID- 3836352
TI  - Perturbation of lymphatic endothelial cells in experimental Brugia malayi
      infections.
AB  - Infection with filarial nematodes induces lymphatic dysfunction in many
      individuals in endemic areas. The present morphometric study describes changes in
      lymphatic endothelial cells of Brugia-infected cats. Transmission electron
      microscopy revealed a decrease in the number of cytoplasmic vesicles in
      endothelial cells from lymphatic vessels harboring filarial nematodes (4.9
      vesicles per micron 2 cytoplasm) when compared with similar cells from the
      contralateral uninfected control vessels (9.0 vesicles per micron 2). The size of
      the vesicles and their location within the cytoplasm was not changed. Irregular
      large vacuoles, often containing degenerating organelles, were common in
      endothelial cells lining Brugia-infected lymphatic vessels. These studies suggest
      that damage of cells by living or dead worms or worm products may have a direct
      effect on the endothelial lining of lymphatic vessels. This may compromise the
      efficiency of vessels that collect and transport edematous fluid in affected
      limbs.

PMID- 3836353
TI  - Glomerular morphometry in the Munich-Wistar rat.
AB  - Physiological studies of glomerular function in the rat have been much advanced
      by the accessibility of superficial glomeruli for micropuncture in a mutant
      strain, the Munich Wistar (MW) rat. An important parameter studied in this way is
      the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient, or Kf. Kf is the product of hydraulic
      permeability and of the effective filtration surface area. Confounding factors
      are the variation in anatomical glomerular filtration surface in the rat with
      body weight (BW) and with the anatomical position of the glomerulus. To establish
      appropriate anatomical values for the interpretation of Kf in the MW rat, we have
      carried out a morphometric study by electron microscopy of two groups of
      relatively mature male MW rats, of approximately 200 g and approximately 300 g BW
      respectively. We find that superficial cortical (SC) and midcortical (MC)
      glomeruli of MW rats of approximately 200 g BW have relatively low glomerular
      volumes and anatomical filtration surface areas, but that MW rats of
      approximately 300 g BW have larger SC and MC glomeruli of similar size to
      juxtamedullary (JM) glomeruli, and anatomical filtration surface areas comparable
      to values usually assumed in physiological studies. We ascribe this contrast
      between SC glomeruli of MW rats of approximately 200 g and approximately 300 g BW
      respectively to the maturation of SC glomeruli.

PMID- 3836355
TI  - The law as a behavioral instrument.

PMID- 3836354
TI  - A comparison of micro- and macrocirculation of the isolated rat mesentery
      preparation.
AB  - To allow a comparison of microcirculatory perfusion and whole organ blood flow,
      pressure-flow curves were established in the isolated rat mesentery preparation
      at two different hematocrit values (5%; 35 +/- 4%). Besides whole organ volume
      flow, red blood cell (RBC) flow velocity in capillaries of the mesentery
      membrane, and RBC-flux in fat tissue along the mesentery arteries as well as in
      small intestine were simultaneously measured. The arterio-venous pressure
      difference over the tissue was varied from 20-100 mmHg (2.7-13.3 kPa). It could
      be shown, that the pressure-flow curves in the mesentery membrane as well as in
      fat demonstrate autoregulation over a pressure range of 30-70 mmHg (4-9.3 kPa),
      whereas flow through the small intestine and whole organ responded passively to
      pressure changes. At constant pressure differences an increase in hematocrit
      value from about 5% to 35 +/- 4% reduced whole organ blood flow as well as flow
      velocity in capillaries of the mesentery membrane by 50% over the pressure range
      applied. It is concluded that in a heterogeneous tissue like the isolated rat
      mesentery preparation the pressure-flow-relationship in tissue components with a
      low flow fraction might be disparate from that of the whole organ volume flow.
      Furthermore, despite differences in the pressure flow relationship for the whole
      and microcirculation, a changed blood viscosity can be quantified in both
      circulations.

PMID- 3836356
TI  - A user theory of legal change as applied to gender.

PMID- 3836357
TI  - Empirical assessment and civil actions.

PMID- 3836358
TI  - The law as an instrument of socialization and social structure.

PMID- 3836359
TI  - Psychology, determinism, and legal responsibility.

PMID- 3836360
TI  - Deterrence theory and research.

PMID- 3836361
TI  - [Schizophreniform psychoses in patients with epilepsy].

PMID- 3836362
TI  - ["Ragged red" muscular fibers in 2 patients with neuromuscular diseases].

PMID- 3836363
TI  - [Pregnancy and prenatal development in epilepsy].

PMID- 3836364
TI  - [The present state and further development of neurological sciences in Croatia
      and Yugoslavia].

PMID- 3836365
TI  - [Clinical, pathologic and HLA antigen markers of heterogeneity associated with
      myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 3836366
TI  - [The effect of vascular lesions of the central nervous system on the function of
      the urinary bladder].

PMID- 3836367
TI  - [Electroencephalographic changes in cranial injuries in alcoholics].

PMID- 3836368
TI  - Epidemiologic studies of multiple sclerosis in Yugoslavia.

PMID- 3836369
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of multiple sclerosis in the Sumadija and Pomoravlje
      region].

PMID- 3836371
TI  - [Comparison of two different preanesthetic technics. Controlled clinical
      experiment].

PMID- 3836370
TI  - [Rorschach analysis of chronic pain and fear of death].

PMID- 3836372
TI  - [Prevention of post-spinal headache in general surgery, obstetrics and
      gynecology].

PMID- 3836373
TI  - [Rhabdomyolysis in general anesthesia: clinical contribution].

PMID- 3836374
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of recovery from anesthesia with halogenated drugs.
      Comparison of halothane, enflurane and isoflurane].

PMID- 3836375
TI  - [Analgesic subarachnoid block with fentanyl for aortography in geriatrics].

PMID- 3836376
TI  - [Reye's syndrome in resuscitation].

PMID- 3836377
TI  - [Contribution of hemodynamic monitoring and oxygen transport in the treatment of
      a case of acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 3836378
TI  - [Use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in intensive care].

PMID- 3836379
TI  - [Use of differentiated lung ventilation (IVL) in a case of severe unilateral
      thoracic injury].

PMID- 3836380
TI  - [Epidural buprenorphine versus morphine in bone cancer pain].

PMID- 3836381
TI  - [Technical description of a useful integrated approach in the prevention of
      aspiration pneumonia in emergency situations].

PMID- 3836382
TI  - [Immunomorphological aspects of intercapillary glomerulosclerosis in diabetes
      mellitus].

PMID- 3836383
TI  - [Pleomorphic lipoma].

PMID- 3836384
TI  - Texture discrimination does not occur at the cyclopean retina.
AB  - The ability to segregate texture patterns at the cyclopean retina was tested with
      random-dot stereograms. When fused, patterns displayed arrays of texture elements
      which varied either in their form or in apparent depth. If elements of different
      form appeared at similar disparity in the random-dot stereograms, they did not
      provide the visual impression of distinct texture areas, although individually
      they could be easily discriminated. When texture elements differed in apparent
      depth rather than in form, segregation of different areas was readily achieved.
      These results restrict the possible site in the visual system for texture
      discrimination.

PMID- 3836385
TI  - Discrimination of higher-order textures.
AB  - Arrays of figural elements differing in certain features ('textons') may be
      visually segregated to yield the impression of a global figure of different
      texture. This fact was used to construct texture patterns of a higher level of
      complexity. In microstructure, these patterns reveal regular arrays of
      distinguishable figural elements, the segregation of which can be predicted from
      previous studies of human texture sensitivity. In macrostructure, clusters of
      such elements form new figural elements which, when repeated over space,
      themselves give the impression of texture at a perceptually higher level.
      Discrimination of such macrostructure textures was found to place similar
      restrictions on the form of figural elements as those of texture discrimination
      at the microstructure level.

PMID- 3836386
TI  - Perception of Glass pattern structure with stereopsis.
AB  - Stereograms are presented which demonstrate that the perceptual salience of
      structure in Glass patterns may be destroyed or created by the introduction of
      stereoscopic depth effects. Novel three-dimensional pattern structures can also
      be produced. Proposals concerning the nature of the primal sketch are evaluated
      in the light of these findings, and it is concluded that the findings are
      consistent with the view that depth derived from disparity information is
      explicitly represented in the primal sketch.

PMID- 3836387
TI  - Visual effects with a miniature Leonardo's window: photographs and real scenes
      fused stereoscopically.
AB  - The drawing on a conventional Leonardo's window will be seen by both of an
      observer's eyes unless one of them is occluded. But, by substituting a
      photographic colour transparency (in a suitably compact viewer) for the drawing,
      one eye can view the transparency whilst the other eye gains an unobstructed
      direct view of the scene. The transparency can then be stereoscopically fused
      with the directly-viewed scene. As the perspective of the transparency depends
      not on the observer's viewpoint but only on the position of the camera at the
      time of photography, altering the viewpoint causes the effective eye-base to
      vary, thus enhancing, suppressing, or sometimes even reversing the stereoscopic
      depth. With very simple equipment several visual effects can easily be
      demonstrated. Practical applications of the technique have been found,
      particularly in those engineering and geological situations in which it is useful
      to detect changes since a photograph was taken.

PMID- 3836388
TI  - Tactual perception of embossed Morse code and braille: the alliance of vision and
      touch.
AB  - In three experiments observers made visual matches to tangible embossed patterns.
      Stained glass was used to blur vision and thus allow the effect of visual
      guidance of tactual exploration on the accuracy of symbol recognition to be
      evaluated. Stained glass rendered the embossed code invisible, but allowed sight
      of the hand. In the first experiment subjects identified patterns made up of dots
      and dashes drawn from Morse code; in the second and third experiments they
      studied braille. The results show that subjects are more accurate in 'reading'
      tangible codes when provided with visual guidance. Performance was higher for
      braille than for Morse code. Vision aided touch through the provision of a frame
      of reference and through sight of scanning movements. Naive sighted observers
      were able to identify invisible braille dots by watching other individuals touch
      the symbols, suggesting the importance of vision of kinesthetic patterns.

PMID- 3836389
TI  - Signal intensity, task context, and auditory-visual interactions.
AB  - A study is reported of the effect of signal intensity on immediate cross-modal
      bias between vision and audition. Each signal was presented at high or low
      intensity, giving rise to four conditions. The study also dealt with the
      effectiveness of instructions and task context in directing attention. Two kinds
      of task (pointing) contexts were compared: a constant or unimodal context in
      which the modality of the target signal was the same throughout a session, and a
      bimodal one in which it changed from trial to trial. In both conditions subjects
      were instructed that the signals might come from the same or from different
      positions, depending on the trial. For visual bias of audition the results show
      that a signal with high intensity was more biasing and less biased than one with
      low intensity. Auditory bias of vision did not reach significance in any of the
      four intensity conditions. Type of task context had no effect on the extent of
      bias, suggesting that a constant-task (unimodal) context was no more effective in
      directing attention than instructions alone.

PMID- 3836390
TI  - Revisitation of the family tie between Munsterberg and Taylor-Woodhouse
      illusions.
AB  - Some observations suggest that, contrary to Taylor and Woodhouse's assumption, a
      strong relationship exists between the Taylor-Woodhouse and Munsterberg
      distortion illusions. An attempt is made to show that each of the major
      explanations put forward to account for the occurrence of the Munsterberg effect
      suits the Taylor-Woodhouse one as well.

PMID- 3836392
TI  - How faces differ--a new comparative technique.
AB  - It can be argued that the process of recognizing faces progresses in two stages:
      first, the realisation that a perceived image contains patterns that may most
      reasonably be interpreted as forming a discrete face; second, correct and
      positive identification by noting the particular features that differentiate one
      face from all others. A novel technique which explored the latter process in the
      particular case of four different (male) faces is described. The experiment took
      the form of a four-alternatives forced-choice presentation of faces behind masks
      which contained a number of randomly positioned apertures. The percentage of
      correct responses for each separate aperture was then computed after a large
      number of 1 s presentations to four observers. This novel form of experiment
      suggested an equally novel form of pictorial data presentation that, literally,
      highlights the salient features of each individual face and thereby allows
      detailed intercomparison merely by inspection. Summing over all targets and
      observers reveals a strong preference for eyes and eyebrows, followed closely by
      the hairline above the temples. Next in order of preference comes the mouth and
      upper-lip area, followed by the lateral hairline beside each temple. Individual
      differences are strong, however, and the variations are such as to suggest that
      the uncritical application of generalised feature saliency lists is neither
      useful nor appropriate.

PMID- 3836391
TI  - Haploscopic colour mixtures with and without contours in subjects with normal and
      disturbed binocular vision.
AB  - Binocular mixtures of equiluminous components of different wavelengths were
      matched with additive monoptic mixtures of the same components. After a
      satisfactory match had been achieved, the luminance of each colour in the
      monoptic mixture was measured photometrically. After presentation of an
      orthogonal grating superimposed on the colour shown to one eye, the colour
      matching was repeated. The grating induced a strong dominance of the colour with
      which it was combined. Yet the uncontoured colour was not entirely suppressed,
      but contributed to the binocular colour to various degrees. In three subjects
      with anisometropic amblyopia in one eye the colour presented to the amblyopic eye
      contributed little or nothing to the haploscopic colour mixture, depending on the
      degree of amblyopia. This diminished contribution could not be enhanced by a
      grid. In three cases with strabismic amblyopia and in one case with strabismus
      alternans no haploscopic colour mixture effects could be demonstrated. The
      observations are discussed in the context of neurophysiological findings in the
      visual system of primates, and it is suggested that colour and contour are not
      transmitted through independent channels from the retina to the cortex.

PMID- 3836393
TI  - Changes in the coupling between accommodation and vergence eye movements induced
      in human subjects by altering the effective interocular separation.
AB  - It has usually been thought that the coupling between accommodation and
      convergence of the eyes is fixed and not modifiable by experience. Experiments
      are reported which show that the ratio of accommodative vergence to the
      accommodation stimulus, the stimulus AC/A ratio (one measure of the coupling), is
      elevated by brief periods (approximately 30 min) of experience of viewing the
      world through periscopic spectacles which increase the effective interocular
      separation. Experience of viewing through 'cyclopean' spectacles, which
      superimpose the line of sight of the two eyes, reduced the stimulus AC/A ratio in
      one subject and increased it in another, while it remained hardly affected in a
      third.

PMID- 3836394
TI  - Perceptual organization and apparent brightness in subjective contour figures.
AB  - According to a number of theories subjective contours arise from brightness
      contrast and/or assimilation. The apparent brightness gradients generated by
      these effects are assumed to give rise to the perception of contours delineating
      the gradients. A study is reported in which naive observers were shown a
      subjective contour display and asked to report what they saw. They were then
      asked to judge whether the center or the surround of the display appeared
      brighter. Subjects whose reports indicated that they had seen the subjective
      contour figure showed an overwhelming preference for the center of the display
      being brighter than the surround. However, subjects who did not see the
      subjective contour figure did not differ significantly in their selection of the
      center over the surround. This finding presents difficulties for any theory which
      derives subjective contours from the apparent brightness difference.

PMID- 3836395
TI  - [Hygienic and sanitary aspects of mass catering].

PMID- 3836396
TI  - [The presence of Campylobacter thermophilus, Yersinia enterocolitica and
      Salmonella in animals in Umbria].

PMID- 3836397
TI  - [Exposure to solvents in shoe and leather factories].

PMID- 3836398
TI  - [The incidence and antibiotic resistance of bacteria of the Proteus genus in
      various clinical materials from regional hospitals of Perugia (1970-1981)].

PMID- 3836399
TI  - [Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia: occurrence and chemo-antibiotic resistance at
      the Perugia regional hospital (1979-1981)].

PMID- 3836400
TI  - [A rubella epidemic in Trieste during the spring of 1982: investigation of the
      epidemic in a nursery and seroepidemiological considerations on a population of
      women of child-bearing age].

PMID- 3836401
TI  - Placental transport of hexoses: a comparative study with antipyrine and amino
      acids.
AB  - A comparative study of the transplacental passage of some labelled hexoses, amino
      acids and antipyrine leads to the following conclusions: The maternal-fetal
      transfer of D-glucose, which amounted to 90 per cent of antipyrine, is very
      efficient. D-glucose, 3-O-methylglucose and 2-deoxyglucose, for which equivalent
      transfers were obtained, appear to share the same carrier system. L-glucose
      transport occurs by simple diffusion. 3-O-methylglucose did not accumulate in the
      placental tissue. Similarly, maternal and fetal concentrations of 2-deoxyglucose
      were nearly at equilibrium. It is concluded that the transport of D-glucose is
      not concentrative. These observations provide further evidence of a facilitated
      diffusion process for the transport of D-glucose across the human placental
      membrane.

PMID- 3836402
TI  - Freezing affects the activity and subcellular distribution profile of human
      placental xenobiotic- and steroid-metabolizing enzymes.
AB  - Human placentae from both smoking and non-smoking mothers were examined with
      respect to the activity and apparent subcellular distribution of cytochrome P-450
      linked xenobiotic-and steroid-metabolizing activities. Freezing of the placental
      sample in pieces before preparing mitochondria and microsomes led to decreases in
      some catalytic activities and changed the distribution profile of activities
      between mitochondria and microsomes. Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme and
      aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase were especially sensitive to the destructive effect
      of freezing. Activities in the microsomes were apparently more sensitive to
      freezing than were those in the mitochondrial fraction. In addition to the
      destruction of activities by freezing, cross-contamination of microsomes and
      mitochondria was postulated. Freezing tended to level off the differences between
      induced and uninduced material. In JEG cells, the specific activities of
      xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes were higher in the mitochondrial fraction. In
      liver biopsy samples the expected, principally microsomal, localization of
      xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes was observed. It is suggested that the placenta
      should be processed fresh at least as far as the postmitochondrial supernatant
      before freezing to avoid the destructive and cross-contaminating effects of
      freezing.

PMID- 3836404
TI  - The future of underwriting.

PMID- 3836405
TI  - Changing prognoses in selected cancers.

PMID- 3836403
TI  - Absence of Wharton's jelly around the umbilical arteries: an unusual cause of
      perinatal mortality.
AB  - Three cases are described in which Wharton's jelly was completely absent around
      the umbilical cord arteries but was present around the umbilical vein. All three
      instances of this anomaly were associated with perinatal death.

PMID- 3836406
TI  - Survival patterns as a function of time with solid tumors.

PMID- 3836407
TI  - Wellness--the shape of things to come.

PMID- 3836408
TI  - Myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3836409
TI  - Stable angina.

PMID- 3836410
TI  - Venous thromboembolism.

PMID- 3836411
TI  - Natural history of low white counts and platelets.

PMID- 3836412
TI  - The significance of erythrocytosis.

PMID- 3836413
TI  - Munchausen's syndrome.

PMID- 3836415
TI  - Sleep apnea and snoring as risk factors for mortality.

PMID- 3836414
TI  - General effects of smoking on health.

PMID- 3836416
TI  - The natural history of obstructive lung diseases.

PMID- 3836417
TI  - Determination of proton spin-lattice relaxation time in vivo by field-focused NMR
      at 1.7 MHz.

PMID- 3836418
TI  - Fluorescence depolarization studies of melanosomal membranes from different
      sources.
AB  - In the present paper we report a comparative study of physical properties and
      biochemical composition of isolated melanosomal membranes extracted from bovine
      eyes and from an equine spleen melanoma. Some biophysical characteristics of such
      membranes were obtained by steady-state and time resolved fluorescence
      spectroscopy using DPH as fluorescent probe. By these methods we have measured
      both static fluorescence polarization and fluorescence lifetimes and from the
      experimental data we have calculated the rotational correlation times by Perrin's
      equation. Since dynamic and static parameters, such as fluidity and molecular
      order, can be determined by these methods, the results are discussed on the basis
      of the recent theories of the role of the biochemical composition in the
      molecular structure and properties of membranes.

PMID- 3836420
TI  - The influence of sorbitol on the glycogenolytic pathway.
AB  - The following report presents the results of a study conducted on the influence
      of sorbitol on levels of glycogen, phosphorylase a (E.C. 2.4.1.1.) and
      phosphorylase kinase (E.C.2.7.1.38) in slices of rat liver. In addition, it
      presents data concerning the effects of sorbitol on the activities of
      phosphorylase a and phosphorylase kinase purified from rabbit muscle. The data
      reveal a limitation in the glycogenolytic process which seems, in part, due to
      the inactivation of the phosphorylase a and phosphorylase kinase. Gel-filtration
      techniques showed, in fact, a breakdown of these two oligomeric enzymes into
      inactive subunits following incubation with sorbitol.

PMID- 3836419
TI  - Relationships between ice crystal size, water content and proton NMR relaxation
      times in cells.
AB  - Biological specimens were frozen under controlled conditions. We questioned how
      the size of ice crystals, as measured in cryosectioned and cryoadsorbed sections
      of these biological specimens, relates to the water content and to the proton NMR
      relaxation times (T1 and T2) of the unfrozen specimens. The results permit the
      following conclusions: After rapid freezing in liquid propane cooled in a liquid
      nitrogen bath, the average size of ice crystals at distances of 150 microns or
      more from the surface of a particular tissue was always the same. Thus, the
      average size of the ice crystals was found to be characteristic of the type of
      biological tissue studied. Linear regression analysis showed average ice crystal
      size to have a significant correlation coefficient to T1 relaxation time and to
      water content. Specifically ice crystal size increased with T1 relaxation time
      and with water content. Multiple regression and path analysis demonstrated a
      positive correlation between the T1 relaxation time and the ice crystal size
      variation. Path analysis showed that both water content and T2 relaxation time
      were less directly correlated with ice crystal size. The findings from the path
      analysis and other observations show that the average size of ice crystals in
      subcellular compartments is best predicted by the proton T1 relaxation time. A
      working model is put forth to explain differences in ice crystal size observed
      between specimens enriched in globular or in parallel filamentous proteins.

PMID- 3836421
TI  - Evidence that the redox state has a role in muscular contraction and relaxation.
AB  - The present work reports that simple oxidizing agents are capable of inducing
      isotonic contraction of rat aorta in vitro, and that the concentration of agent
      required depends on its oxidizing potential. Conversely a reducing agent will
      reverse a muscular contraction induced by oxidizing agents.

PMID- 3836422
TI  - [Changes in immunoglobulins in the sputum and serum after the use of
      secretolytics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

PMID- 3836423
TI  - [Pulmonary and pleural asbestosis in patients from the Salonit Anhovo factory].

PMID- 3836424
TI  - [Pleural effusions in cardiac insufficiency].

PMID- 3836425
TI  - [Chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma in lacquerers in the furniture industry
      (study of the incidence of chronic nonspecific pulmonary disease)].

PMID- 3836426
TI  - [Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in sarcoidosis].

PMID- 3836427
TI  - [Acute toxic-irritation syndrome of the upper respiratory tract caused by
      diisocyanates].

PMID- 3836428
TI  - [Aspirin as a bronchodilator].

PMID- 3836429
TI  - [Wegener's granulomatosis: a case report].

PMID- 3836430
TI  - [Tuberculosis of the larynx today].

PMID- 3836431
TI  - [Dystrophy of the lung, problems with the terminology, the pathoanatomic
      substrate and difficulties in diagnosis].

PMID- 3836432
TI  - [An approach to the therapy of bronchial carcinoma].

PMID- 3836433
TI  - [Bronchoalveolar lavage and its importance in modern pneumology].

PMID- 3836434
TI  - [Chemotherapy of bronchial and pulmonary carcinoma].

PMID- 3836435
TI  - [Circadian immunologic rhythm in bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3836436
TI  - Thin section CT of normal pituitary glands.
AB  - In order to better understand the CT appearance of the normal pituitary gland, we
      scrutinized the pituitary glands of 55 patients who had no clinical indication of
      pituitary abnormality. The superior surface of the pituitary gland was convex in
      9 cases (16.4%), flat in 16 (29.1%), and concave in 30 (54.5%). All but one of
      the glands with upward convexity belonged to patients less than 40 years old. The
      height of the pituitary glands was from 2 mm to 7 mm in 48 (87.3%) and 7 mm to
      9.1 mm in 7 (12.7%); all but one case was less than 40 years old. Although
      earlier reports have suggested the presence of a pituitary microadenoma when the
      gland has a convexity of its superior surface or is more than 7 mm in height,
      these findings can be seen in normal pituitary glands, particularly in younger
      individuals. Therefore, pituitary microadenoma should be diagnosed carefully in
      younger patients. The low density area frequently seen in the superior aspect of
      pituitary glands on axial scans was found to result from the concave superior
      surface of the gland. The pituitary stalk was off the midline in five patients
      (9%). Shifting of the pituitary stalk can be seen in the normal pituitary gland
      and is not always characteristic of microadenoma.

PMID- 3836437
TI  - Dynamic CT scanning for the evaluation of pituitary tumor invasion to the
      cavernous sinus.
AB  - A CT method for evaluating cavernous sinus invasion by pituitary adenomas or
      parasellar tumors is described. This technique is easily performed without
      special software. A persistent, isolated visualization of the internal carotid
      artery seems to indicate invasion of the cavernous sinus.

PMID- 3836438
TI  - Evaluation of the degree of severity in liver cirrhosis by computed tomography.
AB  - As CT findings useful for the evaluation of the degree of severity in liver
      cirrhosis, the following items were chosen for statistical analysis: atrophy of
      the right lobe, enlargement of the left lobe, irregularity of the liver surface,
      ascites, varices or collaterals, and dilatation of the SMV. According to the
      frequency with which these six items were found, the CT findings were expressed
      in the form of a score, and the resulting scores agreed well with ICG values,
      portal-venous flow (Qp) ratios obtained from radionuclide angiography, and the
      scores on the Child-Turcotte criteria. A score of 5 or 6 meant severe cirrhosis.
      A score of 4 meant liver cirrhosis, however, the degree of severity could not be
      determined, because there was overlap among the cirrhotic groups. A score of 3
      meant liver cirrhosis with a probability of about 90%. A score of 1 or 2 was
      nonspecific for evaluation. When a score of 0 was noted with splenomegaly, there
      was a probability of more than 90% that it was chronic hepatitis. In conclusion,
      this approach was considered to be useful for evaluating the degree of severity
      in liver cirrhosis and differentiating between liver cirrhosis and chronic
      hepatitis to some degree in Japanese.

PMID- 3836439
TI  - Traumatic occlusion of renal artery: CT and angiography.
AB  - Four cases of traumatic renal artery occlusion are reported. A direct blow to the
      abdomen was considered to have caused renal artery occlusion in two cases. They
      were severely injured and had macroscopic hematuria. Aortography revealed an
      abrupt cut-off type of obstruction of the renal artery. In the other two, a rapid
      decelerating-type of injury resulted in damage to the intima of the renal artery.
      They showed almost no outward signs of injury and no macroscopic hematuria.
      Aortography disclosed a tapered occlusion of the renal artery. CT showed the rim
      sign between the seventh day and sixth week before the compromised kidney became
      apparent. It had disappeared by the time follow-up CT revealed contraction. One
      patient developed hypertension, which subsided after nephrectomy. CT findings of
      the patient suggested the possibility of predicting hypertension as a sequelae of
      acute renal artery occlusion.

PMID- 3836440
TI  - Computed tomographic features of renal tuberculosis.
AB  - Computed tomograms (CT) in twenty cases of renal tuberculosis (TB) were reviewed
      in comparison with intravenous urograms. CT findings were calyectasis, low
      parenchymal density, parenchymal retraction, and calcification. The main CT
      feature of renal TB was the simultaneous appearance of these findings in
      combination. Three of these findings were seen in two-thirds of the cases in the
      present series. Total renal volume was grossly normal in 10 of 24 affected
      kidneys and decreased in only seven. Global enlargement of the affected kidney
      occurred when calyceal dilatation surpassed parenchymal retraction. In our
      series, affected kidneys tended not to be small in size when renal TB was active.
      Non-functioning kidneys depicted by intravenous urography were successfully
      evaluated by CT.

PMID- 3836441
TI  - The controversial role of radiotherapy in spindle cell carcinoma (pseudosarcoma)
      of the head and neck.
AB  - Four patients with spindle cell carcinoma (pseudosarcoma) of the head and neck
      received radiotherapy alone or in combination with surgery. Two subjects are
      alive and well nine months and 98 months. The combined method of treatment was
      employed for both survivors. Literature review on irradiation for this disease is
      discussed.

PMID- 3836442
TI  - Fundamental dose distribution for interstitial irradiation with Au grains.
AB  - A principle of radiation therapy is to determine a proper dose distribution for
      tumor localization. In this paper we present several models of arranging Au
      grains for interstitial irradiation and discuss characteristics of their dose
      distributions. Au grains were arranged in a lattice of three by three for
      evaluation of isodose curves on a source plane and several planes parallel to it.
      Intersource distances were varied to determine adequate distances for ideal dose
      distributions for tumor control. Through this study, we concluded that the most
      favorable intersource distance for effective dose distribution was 1.0-1.25 cm.
      We also found that interstitial irradiation with Au grains was hard to apply to
      deeply spreading tumors.

PMID- 3836443
TI  - [Causes of chronic diarrhea in children].

PMID- 3836444
TI  - [Celiac crisis: a severe pediatric emergency].

PMID- 3836445
TI  - [Intestinal absorption in asymptomatic school children with Giardia lamblia].

PMID- 3836446
TI  - [Peptic ulcer in pediatrics: 10 years' experience].

PMID- 3836447
TI  - [Bacterial etiology of acute infantile diarrhea in autumn and winter].

PMID- 3836448
TI  - [Plasma concentrations of magnesium in infants with acute diarrhea, dehydration
      and acidosis].

PMID- 3836449
TI  - [Fulminant hepatitis in an infant of a chronic carrier mother of hepatitis B
      surface antigen].

PMID- 3836450
TI  - [Intestinal lymphangiectasis secondary to constrictive pericarditis].

PMID- 3836451
TI  - [Presence of a medical team and health practices in an urban community of low
      socioeconomic level].

PMID- 3836452
TI  - [The Celiac Club, an alternative for the integral treatment of celiac patients].

PMID- 3836454
TI  - [Nuclear medicine in the study of gastroesophageal reflux in pediatrics].

PMID- 3836453
TI  - [Constipation due to anal causes].

PMID- 3836455
TI  - [Symptomatic and asymptomatic infections due to Campylobacter jejuni].

PMID- 3836457
TI  - [Sjogren's syndrome].

PMID- 3836456
TI  - [Resident intestinal flora. Physiological functions and changes].

PMID- 3836458
TI  - [Multivariant analysis of the clinical course of 160 patients with toxic syndrome
      during 4 years of follow-up].

PMID- 3836459
TI  - [Oral propafenone in chronic ventricular arrhythmias. Prospective evaluation with
      the Holter monitor].

PMID- 3836461
TI  - [Auditing the consumption of antibiotics in a general hospital].

PMID- 3836460
TI  - [Correlation of muscular enzymes with myocardial and lower limb myography in
      marathon runners].

PMID- 3836462
TI  - [Cancer of the lung. Treatment and short- and long-term survival].

PMID- 3836464
TI  - [Testicular carcinoma secondary to a prostatic adenocarcinoma. Case report and
      review of the literature].

PMID- 3836463
TI  - [Serum markers of hepatitis B virus infection in alcoholic hepatic disease].

PMID- 3836465
TI  - [Tuberculosis with endobronchial involvement].

PMID- 3836466
TI  - [Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. 6 case reports].

PMID- 3836468
TI  - [Epidemiology of arterial hypertension in the region of Sierra de San Vicente
      (Talavera del la Reina. Toledo)].

PMID- 3836467
TI  - [Case problem: Collier's disease].

PMID- 3836469
TI  - [Transverse myelitis and systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3836470
TI  - [Cholestatic hepatitis caused by erythromycin estolate].

PMID- 3836471
TI  - [Staphylococcus aureus aortic endocarditis as a complication of an intravenous
      catheter].

PMID- 3836472
TI  - [Organic cerebral syndrome caused by barbiturate deprivation].

PMID- 3836474
TI  - [Bone age].

PMID- 3836473
TI  - [Combined treatment in head and neck cancers].

PMID- 3836475
TI  - [Calcitonin levels in tissue culture of thyroid medullary carcinoma].

PMID- 3836476
TI  - [Surgical repair of mid-penis, proximal penis and penile-scrotal hypospadias
      using a double island flap of the prepuce].

PMID- 3836477
TI  - [Standardization of antimicrobial procedures using computers].

PMID- 3836479
TI  - [Transudate and exudate].

PMID- 3836478
TI  - [Portal hypertension caused by hepatic fibrosis of unknown origin. A case
      report].

PMID- 3836480
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of a renal angiomyolipoma].

PMID- 3836481
TI  - Refractory anemias, pre-leukemia and myelodysplasias.

PMID- 3836482
TI  - [Chronic polyarthritis with disseminated cutaneous disease. Differential
      diagnosis and course with terminal infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii].

PMID- 3836483
TI  - [Right endocardial lesions caused by central venous catheters].

PMID- 3836484
TI  - [Reinfection by Toxoplasma gondii Nicolle & Manceaux, 1909 in mice and cats.
      Experimental study].

PMID- 3836485
TI  - Paracoccidioidomycosis in children with different skeletal involvement.

PMID- 3836486
TI  - [Chagas' cardiomyopathy in children. Report of 2 cases].

PMID- 3836487
TI  - [Evolution of endemic tuberculosis in the Province of Teruel].

PMID- 3836488
TI  - [Fluorine in the drinking water of the Province of Guipuzcoa].

PMID- 3836489
TI  - [Study of ovine hydatidosis using the ELISA technic].

PMID- 3836490
TI  - [Campaigns of catarrh-influenza vaccination for the prevention of occupational
      absenteeism caused by respiratory diseases among health personnel. Hospital la
      Fe, Valencia. 1979-1983].

PMID- 3836491
TI  - [Epidemiologic study and economic repercussions of echinococcosis and hydatidosis
      in the Province of Badajoz].

PMID- 3836492
TI  - [Pathogenic Staphylococci and Salmonellae in commercial yogurt].

PMID- 3836493
TI  - Smallpox and eradication?

PMID- 3836494
TI  - [The Judiciary Mental Hospital. Health or law?].

PMID- 3836495
TI  - [Fishing yield and chemical pollutants in the water of Billings Reservoir, Sao
      Paulo (Brazil)].

PMID- 3836497
TI  - [Bacterial inhibitors in B-type milk sold in the municipality of Sao Paulo, SP
      (Brazil)].

PMID- 3836496
TI  - [Lead and cadmium poisoning among workers in plants for the repair of batteries
      in Salvador, Brazil].

PMID- 3836499
TI  - [Nutritional anemia in pregnant women attending health centers of the State of
      Sao Paulo (Brazil)].

PMID- 3836498
TI  - [Evaluation of storage conditions of live, attenuated vaccines against measles,
      in authorized vaccination centers and health services of the State of Sao Paulo
      (Brazil)].

PMID- 3836501
TI  - [Motorcycle accidents in the municipality of Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). 1.
      Characterization of the accident and the victim].

PMID- 3836500
TI  - [Evaluation of the impact of supplementary feeding to pregnant women in the
      control of low birth weight in the municipality of Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)].

PMID- 3836502
TI  - [Mortality in children under 5 in the city of Recife, PE (Brazil). Tendencies and
      associations].

PMID- 3836503
TI  - [Motorcycle accidents in the municipality of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Mortality
      analysis].

PMID- 3836504
TI  - [The rural internship in the graduate course in nutrition of the Federal
      University of Vicosa (Brazil)].

PMID- 3836505
TI  - International symposium on effects of indoor air pollution with special reference
      to nitrogen oxides and smoking. Lyngby, Denmark, January 26-27, 1984.

PMID- 3836506
TI  - Harvard Air Pollution Health Study in six cites in the U.S.A.
AB  - The Harvard Air Pollution Health Study has been a ten year prospective study of
      respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function of children and adults living in six
      U.S. communities. Indices of acute and chronic effects of air pollution exposures
      have been studied. Evidence is presented for adverse effects of ambient and
      indoor air pollution on children. Relationships between ambient TSP
      concentrations and hospital emergency room admissions, temporary decreases in
      pulmonary functions and prevalence of community bronchitis all indicate a slight
      adverse effect. Refinements of these relationships will occur when fine fraction
      and acid sulfate aerosol concentrations are incorporated into the health
      analysis. Exposures to cigarette smoke at home are associated with increased
      reported respiratory symptoms in children. There is a negative relationship
      between maternal smoking and age and sex adjusted height for children. Results
      from indoor and personal exposure studies have lead to the design of an acute
      symptoms and indoor air pollution study. Between 1985 and 1988 1800 children will
      be tracked for a year while respirable particles, nitrogen dioxide, water vapor
      and air exchange will be measured in their homes. Using continuous
      sulfate/sulfuric acid monitors built at Harvard, we are characterizing the
      magnitude, duration and frequency of acid aerosol events in each of our study
      cities. This information will be utilized in the analysis of the respiratory
      symptom data. The Harvard Air Pollution Health Study is providing information on
      the relationship among health variables and air pollutant exposures. In addition,
      this study will add to our understanding of lung growth and aging and the risk
      factors associated with chronic respiratory disabilities.

PMID- 3836507
TI  - Passive smoking--a new target of epidemiology.
AB  - Health consequences of passive smoking has thus emerged as a new target of
      epidemiological research and control of such important diseases as cancers of
      lung and nasal sinus, brain tumors, cancer of all sites and ischemic heart
      disease. The 16 years follow-up results of a large scale cohort study for 91450
      non-smoking wives revealed significant and consistent dose-response relationships
      with the risk of each of these diseases and the extent of husband's smoking. The
      consideration of influence of passive smoking must be quite important if we aim
      to effectively control these diseases.

PMID- 3836508
TI  - Measurements of carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide in British homes using
      unflued heating or cooking appliances.
AB  - Measurements of Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) were made in
      three kitchens, two with gas cookers and one all electric, and two living rooms,
      one heated by a portable butane heater and the other by a paraffin stove. The
      measurements were taken whilst the homes were in normal use and the occupants
      kept a diary of when specific appliances were used. Measurements of NO2 were made
      simultaneously by chemiluminescence and by diffusion tubes. The accuracy of the
      diffusion tube measurements relative to the chemiluminescent standard was
      estimated as +/- 10% and the precision less than or equal to 300 ppb. hr. Results
      from diffusion tubes were used to indicate the distribution of NO2 throughout
      other rooms in the house. At the all electric house the CO and NO2 concentrations
      were very similar to the expected outdoor levels. In all the other houses NO2
      levels exceeded typical outdoor concentrations measured in Central London and in
      the paraffin heated house and one gas cooking house median CO concentrations
      exceeded these measured at the curbside of a very busy road in Central London.
      The living room concentrations of NO2 where the paraffin heater was in use were
      elevated for long periods. Analysis of the decay of pollutant concentration in
      one kitchen yielded an effective deposition velocity for NO2 of 3 X 10(-5) m s-1.
      The magnitude of the CO and NO2 concentrations measured in this survey confirms
      that indoor air pollution should be taken into account when assessing overall
      public exposure to air pollution.

PMID- 3836509
TI  - Personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide and its relation to indoor and outdoor air
      quality.
AB  - An estimating equation of annual geometric average of personal NO2 exposure was
      proposed. The average could be calculated from three variables, that is, personal
      NO2 exposures in one winter and one summer month and ratio of winter period in a
      year. Ten housewives living in Suginami Ward, a residential area in Tokyo, were
      chosen as subjects of this study. They were asked to measure daily averages of
      the personal NO2 exposures with a filter badge. Measurements were performed on
      consecutive seven days in every month from January to December of 1982 for a
      total of 84 samples per person. Their activities, the amount of fuel consumption
      and other living conditions were recorded at the same time. Outdoor NO2
      concentrations and maximum, minimum and average temperatures were also measured
      at the center of their living area. The personal NO2 exposure and its seasonal
      variation were found to depend mainly on the type of space heaters, frequency of
      ventilation fan usage in a kitchen, and the amount of fuel consumption.

PMID- 3836510
TI  - Scandinavian experiences with indoor air pollution.
AB  - The building illness syndrome (BIS) with complaints about dryness and irritation
      of the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and throat, and headaches is very
      common in Scandinavian buildings. The causes for BIS may be psychosocial,
      biological, physical or chemical factors in the indoor environment. Of these the
      chemical factors are considered to be the most important. BIS can be caused by
      formaldehyde, but the main sources of this emission are now controlled in the
      Scandinavian countries. As BIS complaints still are common, organic gases and
      vapors are considered to be the most important cause of BIS today. These gases
      and vapors are emitted from many building materials, and mixtures of these have
      been shown to be irritating in concentrations about 5 mg m-3, a concentration
      which is often found in new buildings. It is still an unsolved problem if BIS is
      due to the mixture of the organic gases and vapors themselves, or decomposition
      products in low concentrations, as for example peroxyacetyl nitrates known from
      outdoor air pollution. Irrespective of the cause, the rational approach would be
      a reduction of the emissions of organic gases and vapors from building materials
      or an increase of ventilation rates. The latter solution is not desirable due to
      the economic burden and to the need for energy conservation. We therefore suggest
      that building materials should be tested for emission of pollutants, so that
      materials emitting high concentrations of toxic substances can be identified and
      replaced by materials emitting less toxic substances and with emission of a lower
      rate.

PMID- 3836511
TI  - Longitudinal monitoring of changes in individual smoking habit over 13-year
      period among adults.
AB  - The purpose of the longitudinal monitoring of smoking habits among adults was to
      define demographic and social characteristics which may contribute to the
      persistence of smoking and to evaluate the effectiveness of the preventive
      programs undertaken by the mass media. The data has been collected during the
      follow-up epidemiological study on chronic nonspecific chest diseases in Cracow,
      Poland. In total the material covered a sample of 2965 persons who were
      interviewed three times over 1968-81 period. In the analysis the prevalence
      rates, incidence and cessation rates have been taken into consideration. The
      results obtained in the study confirm the decline in the prevalence of smoking
      habit among men but among females increased substantially in the younger birth
      cohorts. Incidence rate of smoking in females was higher than in men but
      cessation rates were very similar. The striking was the fact that the prevalence
      of smokers in the youngest age group in university graduates was about three
      times higher in women than in men. The results call for more knowledge about the
      psychosocial factors that may contribute to the initiation of smoking and more
      effective strategies applied to deter the onset of smoking.

PMID- 3836512
TI  - Confronting the effects of smoking and air quality on the development of chronic
      respiratory diseases.
AB  - The main purpose of the paper was to compare the effects of outdoor and indoor
      air quality on the development of chronic respiratory diseases measured in the
      prospective study of chronic chest diseases among the inhabitants of Cracow,
      Poland. The 5-year follow-up study covered a probability sample of 4355 adult
      inhabitants. Data on respiratory symptoms and lung function in addition to
      variables related to environmental and socioeconomic factors were included. To
      assess the separate and joint effects of the chosen environmental factors on
      chronic chest problems, the multiple logistic regression analysis has been
      carried out. As expected, smoking habit was the strongest single of the factors
      related to the persistence of the respiratory symptoms. The effect of smoking was
      more marked in men than in women and this can be attributed to longer duration of
      smoking and more cigarettes smoked daily by men. Out of all considered adverse
      occupational factors only chemicals increased the risk of chronic bronchitis in
      men while dust increased the risk of exacerbations in women. The data showed a
      significant decrease in risk of exacerbations among the women who used a gas
      stove for cooking. The study also confirmed the harmful effect of smoking on lung
      function. Against this particular background the importance of variable
      temperature combined with ambient air pollution appeared to have rather strong
      detrimental biologic impact.

PMID- 3836513
TI  - Indoor air pollution due to tobacco smoke under real conditions. Preliminary
      results.
AB  - A short review exploring the generation and composition of tobacco smoke is
      given. Experimental arrangements used to record sidestream smoke are critically
      discussed. Data from own experiments in a tobacco smoke polluted office room were
      presented and discussed. These data include nicotine, ammonia, formaldehyde,
      acetaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, CO, NO and NO2. First results about the diameter
      of the particles in the smoke polluted room were also given. By the aid of the
      RINGOLD's equation the COHB content on basis of the CO-values of exhaled breath
      of active and passive smokers were determined. Data about the nitrosamine content
      in the air of the room during the smoke tests were also given and discussed.

PMID- 3836514
TI  - Irritating and annoying effects of passive smoking.
AB  - The acute irritating and annoying effects have been investigated in field and
      laboratory studies in relation to the concentration of some smoke components in
      the air. At the workplace 30 to 70% of the indoor CO, NO and particle
      concentrations are due to tobacco smoke; 25-40% of the employees are disturbed
      and annoyed by smoke, one quarter suffers from eye irritations at work.
      Subjective eye, nose and throat irritations and eye blink rate increase with
      increasing smoke concentration as well as with increasing exposure duration.
      Irritations are mainly due to the particulate phase of environmental tobacco
      smoke, whereas the gas phase is to a large extent responsible for annoyance. It
      is concluded that an average healthy person can be exposed to an acceptable
      cigarette smoke level which produces a carbon monoxide concentration of 1.5 to
      2.0 ppm. Above these limits, counter-measures to protect passive smokers are
      necessary. The required fresh air supply values are presented.

PMID- 3836515
TI  - Stability of tobacco smoke odor in enclosed spaces.
AB  - During each of five experiments, four sedentary subjects smoked a total of 8
      cigarettes during one hour while occupying an odor test chamber. The air
      temperature was 20-22 degrees C and the relative humidity was 35-50%. During the
      entire test period (6 h) the odor intensity in the chamber was evaluated by
      judges. After smoking ceased, the odor intensity continued to rise for one or two
      hours and then remained constant in a way that is characteristic of unreactive
      contaminants.

PMID- 3836516
TI  - Evaluation of biological significance of nitrogen oxides exposure.
AB  - This paper attempts to assess health risks associated with nitrogen oxides (NOx)
      exposures. Experimental animal studies show that continuous or intermittent
      exposures to concentration of 0.04 to 0.5 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) produce a
      number of pulmonary and systemic effects. Controlled human exposure studies show
      that short-term exposures to 0.3 to 0.5 ppm NO2 or 1.0 ppm nitric oxide produce
      bronchoconstriction and blood biochemical changes in some subjects. When we
      consider together both findings of the animal and human exposure studies, we may
      suggest with some reliability that the concentrations of NOx in ambient and
      indoor air pollutions may have adverse health effects on some subjects, and may
      partly contribute to the respiratory symptoms or illness and reduced pulmonary
      function observed in the epidemiological studies.

PMID- 3836517
TI  - Certain aspects of the responses of laboratory rats to exposure to (a) nitrogen
      dioxide and (b) tobacco smoke.
AB  - Exposure of rats to 150 ppm NO2 for 2 hours causes death from pulmonary oedema.
      Continuous exposure to 25 ppm for 150 days causes gross enlargement with loss of
      elastic recoil and proliferative and metaplastic epithelial changes in the
      vicinity of the terminal bronchioles. Continuous exposure to 2 ppm results in an
      initial loss of cilia and focal hyperplasia of the terminal bronchiolar
      epithelium, but these changes, for the most part, quickly subside. Chronic daily
      exposure of rats to tobacco smoke results in proliferative and metaplastic
      epithelial changes in the vicinity of the terminal and respiratory bronchioles.
      Also, both at this site and elsewhere, aggregates of golden-brown pigment-laden
      macrophages accumulate in the lungs. The proliferative/metaplastic changes are
      similar to those seen in response to NO2, asbestos and other irritant gases and
      particles. The aggregates of golden-brown macrophages are seemingly a special
      feature of the response to tobacco smoke. Some rats exposed for over two years to
      tobacco smoke, develop foci of squamous metaplasia, firstly in the region of
      terminal bronchioles, but later at points scattered throughout the lung
      parenchyma. Comparable changes have not been reported in rats exposed to NO2.
      Although no strictly comparable data for NO2 and tobacco smoke exposure are
      available, it is reasonable to conclude that, whereas the NO2 in tobacco smoke
      may contribute to the production of cuboidal/columnar metaplasia in the vicinity
      of terminal bronchioles, it otherwise plays little part in the aetiology of
      lesions in the lungs of smoke-exposed rats.

PMID- 3836520
TI  - Current obstetrical studies on smoking in Japan (2). Smoking and preterm labor.

PMID- 3836518
TI  - Do the oxides of nitrogen in cigarette smoke cause emphysema in smokers?

PMID- 3836521
TI  - A plan of the comprehensive study on indoor pollution and its health effects by
      the Aichi Prefecture, Japan.
AB  - In order to study the level and nature of the indoor pollution and its possible
      health effect the Department of Public Health of the Aichi Prefecture in Japan is
      planning to conduct a comprehensive study on indoor pollution. An outline of this
      study is presented in this report. The study will consist of measurements of the
      indoor pollution and health surveys for a sample of 10 large buildings and 75
      houses involving 2,000 persons for the former and 1,000 three year old children
      and their mothers for the latter. The major survey items on the indoor pollution
      are measurements of suspended particles, CO, CO2, NO2, formaldehyde, falling and
      floating bacteria and fungi, mutagenicity, types of air cleaners, air
      conditioners and ventilators, and the number of smokers etc. The major health
      survey items are a questionnaire survey on respiratory diseases, pulmonary
      function tests, chest X-ray test, and measurement of urine hydroxyproline
      concentration. This comprehensive study on indoor pollution will be conducted for
      5 years beginning the fiscal year 1984.

PMID- 3836519
TI  - Investigations into the relations between respiratory illness in children, gas
      cooking and nitrogen dioxide in the U.K.
AB  - In 1977 an association was reported between the prevalence of respiratory illness
      and use of gas for cooking at home in a national sample of six to 11 year olds
      living in England and Scotland (p less than .10). Other variables such as social
      class and number of cigarette smokers at home did not seem to explain the
      association. As the gas cooker is an unflued appliance emitting a variety of
      pollutants during gas combustion it was suggested that indoor air pollution might
      explain the finding. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was suspected so a series of studies
      was conducted to investigate the distribution of levels of NO2 in the home, the
      relative contribution of sources of NO2 to indoor exposure and the relation
      between respiratory illness in six to 11 year olds and levels of NO2 in the home.
      The gas cooker was found to be one of the main sources of NO2 in the home. Winter
      weekly averages in kitchens with gas cookers had a mean of 112.2 ppb (n = 428,
      range 5-317 ppb). Levels in electric cooking kitchens were significantly lower (n
      = 87, mean 18 ppb, range 6-188 ppb). Studies of health indicated a relation
      between respiratory illness and bedroom levels of NO2 over the range 4-169 ppb (p
      .10). Results for living room levels of NO2 suggested a similar but non
      significant relationship (p greater than .10). No relation was found for kitchen
      levels of NO2. For schoolchildren any effect on health from indoor NO2 is likely
      to be weak. However other sections of the population such as infants and the
      elderly who may spend more time indoors and are particularly susceptible to
      respiratory illness need to be studied to assess fully the impact that NO2 may be
      having on health.

PMID- 3836522
TI  - Relationship between parental smoking and respiratory diseases of three year old
      children.
AB  - In order to study the effect of the indoor pollution, particularly by parental
      smoking, on respiratory diseases of children, the relationship was examined
      between smoking by family members, use of various types of stoves and air
      conditioners, and the prevalence rate of respiratory diseases in 7,916 three year
      old children who, for health check up, visited the Chita Public Health Center
      located in the Aichi Prefecture in 1978-1979. Results of this study suggested
      that among various sources of the indoor pollution, smoking by mother had the
      strongest effect on respiratory diseases, especially asthmatic bronchitis of
      young children, while the use of various types of stoves including non-ventilated
      kerosene stoves was not related significantly to the prevalence rate of
      respiratory diseases of those children except an increased rate of frequent
      common cold in children of households having an air conditioner(s).

PMID- 3836523
TI  - Indoor infection in a modern building.
AB  - Outbreaks of tuberculosis (TB), which are of a type rarely experienced in the
      past, have recently increased in Japan. An example of such an outbreak, which
      occurred in a modern building with fixed sash windows, will be described. The
      occurrence of four TB cases, which had been found during the period between May
      1979 and June 1980 among company employees working in the same building in
      downtown Tokyo, motivated the conduct of epidemiological and environmental
      surveys on this episode. The first case, a 36-year-old male with a positive smear
      and cavities in both lungs, was considered to have been in an infectious state
      for about one year before his admission to a TB hospital in June 1979. Follow-up
      investigation of 99 contacts until March 1982 revealed the occurrence of 16
      secondary cases. The secondary attack rate was highest among those working on the
      same floor of the building as this first case, but no case was found among
      employees of another company that occupied this building. The desks of secondary
      cases were aggregated near and around that of the first case. Although this
      building had central air-conditioning, ventilation was often closed for energy
      conservation purposes. This resulted in the increase of carbon dioxide
      concentration in the air up to a level of more than 1,000 ppm during working
      hours and to as high as 2,000 ppm when the ventilation was closed. It was thus
      concluded that the indoor infection of TB in this episode was attributable to the
      insufficient ventilation in the building.

PMID- 3836524
TI  - Urinary hydroxyproline excretion in smokers, non-smokers and passive smokers.
AB  - The hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio in urine was investigated in 200 cigarette
      smokers, 199 pipe and/or cigar smokers and 24 non-smokers. For cigarette smokers
      a statistically significant positive correlation is found between this ratio and
      daily cigarette consumption, COHb, serum cotinine and nicotine excretion in
      urine. This smoking-related increase in the hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio is,
      for the most part or completely, due to the fact that creatinine urine
      concentrations inversely correlate with the smoke uptake variables. Neither pipe
      and/or cigar smoking nor passive smoke exposure of non-smokers seem to affect the
      hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio. A seasonal influence is found in these studies
      as well as in two experiments with limited numbers of subjects: the
      hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio is higher in winter than in summer for both
      smokers and non-smokers. Our data do not favour the idea that measuring
      hydroxyproline/creatinine ratios in urine is an accurate method of investigating
      early effects of smoking, passive smoking and air pollution in man.

PMID- 3836527
TI  - Passive smoking in aircraft--a current WHO project.
AB  - Only few measurements of levels of pollution by tobacco smoke in aircraft have
      been made. The results suggest that levels are quite moderate, but studies of
      actual reactions by passengers and cabin crew indicate rather strong, objective
      effects. These consist of irritation of the mucous membranes of eye, nose and
      throat as well as perception of bad odours. Evidently, environmental tobacco
      smoke causes distress in aircraft already at lower concentrations than under
      ground conditions, probably because of special climatic conditions such as ultra
      low air humidity, elevated levels of ozone, subnormal air pressure and,
      eventually, disturbance of the concentration of light air ions. None of these
      abnormalities can easily be eliminated. Ventilation, however effective in terms
      of rate of air changes, can not effectively curb local peak concentrations, and,
      close to a smoker the concentration of smoke may be 100 times as high as the room
      average. Therefore, aircraft must provide separate smoking resp non-smoking
      areas. Area division along an aisle is unacceptable since the ventilation system
      makes the aisle and adjacent seats on both sides be located in one whirl of
      common air. WHO will try to stimulate improvements of airline practices and
      aircraft design.

PMID- 3836526
TI  - Preliminary studies of urinary hydroxyproline levels in rodents and in smokers.
AB  - Groups of rats were exposed to four dilutions of cigarette smoke over a period of
      our weeks. Compared to the control (untreated) group of animals, the 24-hour
      hydroxyproline output (relative to creatinine) was lower for all dilutions of
      smoke and showed a negative dose-response relationship. In human smoking studies,
      in which groups of 20 male subjects and 20 female subjects were switched between
      various cigarettes for periods of 2 weeks, hydroxyproline output (relative to
      creatinine) for each sex did not change with increasing nicotine uptake although
      the outputs for men and women were significantly different.

PMID- 3836525
TI  - A comparative study on the health effects of smoking and indoor air pollution in
      summer and winter.
AB  - This study was performed by a comparison between summer and winter for the
      purpose of demonstration the actual conditions of health effects of indoor air
      pollution with special reference to NO2 and smoking, on the subjects composed of
      820 school children and their 546 mothers in the two areas with different ambient
      NO2 concentrations. In either case, examination was carried out with standardized
      questionnaire test for respiratory symptoms, personal NO2 exposure measurement
      using the filter badge by Yanagisawa, and analysis of urinary hydroxyproline and
      creatinine in two areas with different ambient NO2 levels. Personal NO2 exposure
      level in winter season was 2-3 times higher than that in summer, particularly NO2
      level among residents living in homes with non-vented stove for space heating was
      substantially higher from those of residents with vented stove. Wives with vented
      stove had a moderate exposure level in winter season by the contribution of NO2
      originated from the kitchen and poor ventilation rate. Since the hydroxyproline
      to creatinine ratio (HOP-ratio) of children increased more, their household
      location were nearer to any heavy traffic roads in summer, health effects from
      automobile exhaust were suggested only in summer season. In summer season,
      personal NO2 exposure level were almost the same with the ambient NO2
      concentrations over both areas. These results suggest that indoor air pollution
      in winter season may be separated from outdoor air pollution. It was a matter of
      course that hydroxyproline to creatinine ratio in winter season was higher than
      that in summer, in any group and in any area, but the range of variation of
      hydroxyproline to creatinine ratio was smaller by far than that of personal NO2
      exposure level. Judging from urinary hydroxyproline to creatinine ratio, health
      effects of active smoking and passive smoking increased with increasing the
      number of smoked, dose-dependently in any season. According to stepwise multiple
      regression analysis, hydroxyproline to creatinine ratio had significant relation
      to either NO2 and active or passive smoking, but personal NO2 exposure level had
      no relation to cigarette smoking. NO2 and cigarette smoke were seemed to make
      hydroxyproline to creatinine ratio increase, independently each other.

PMID- 3836528
TI  - The tobacco problem in Denmark and the difficulties in implementing an organized
      plan of action.
AB  - In Denmark tobacco consumption has increased considerably during the last few
      decades. Almost 2 million people of a population of 5 million are smokers. Of the
      male population 48% are smokers, of the female population 46%. From 1981 to 1982
      the cigarette consumption increased from 7,300 million to 8,000 million.
      Consumption of pipe tobacco increased slightly, whereas cigars and cigarillos
      were considerably reduced. The tobacco tax amounts to 6,500 million Dan. kr.
      annually (700 million US$). The tobacco industry's cost of marketing tobacco
      products are unknown, but advertising, for one thing, amounts to 25 million
      Dan.kr. annually (3 million US$), which is only a small fraction of the total
      cost of marketing. For comparison: On health information some 2 million Dan.kr.
      is spent annually by private associations. In 1970 and 1981 efforts were made to
      have a tobacco bill passed in the Danish Parliament-but with no success. Since
      1972 there has been a gentleman's agreement between the ministry and the tobacco
      branch concerning the size and the content of tobacco advertising. The agreement
      was an evasive action initiated by the tobacco branch. During the tobacco bill
      debate in the Danish Parliament in 1981 the tobacco industry launched an
      aggressive and misleading advertising campaign in the large newspapers against
      the Minister of Interior. It says in the International Codes of Marketing
      Practice 1973 set forth by the International Chamber of Commerce: "all
      advertising should be legal, decent, honest and truthful" and "the advertisements
      should be prepared with due sense of social responsibility..".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3836530
TI  - International colloquium. Medical research in Europe: present and future.
      Brussels, 27-28 September 1985.

PMID- 3836529
TI  - Domestic smoke pollution and respiratory function in rural Nepal.
AB  - A study was conducted to see the effect of domestic smoke pollution on
      respiratory function by using vitalograph Model 20.400 S-type dry portable
      spirometer in 150 randomly selected female subjects aged 30-44 years from a rural
      area situated in the outskirts of Kathmandu valley at an altitude of 4,800 ft.
      above sea level. The area is totally free from industrial and atmospheric
      pollution. Women spend considerable time near the fireplace, which serves both
      cooking and heating purposes and emits smoke from wood and other biomass fuel.
      Domestic smoke pollution is considerable because dwellings are ill-ventilated and
      without chimnies. The selected sample comprised of 6 groups-25 subjects each of 3
      exposure levels to domestic smoke pollution amongst smokers and non-smokers. All
      the spirometric tests (FVO, FEV1 and FMEF 25-75) were performed in a standard way
      as recommended by American Thoracic Society in Snowbird Meeting in 1979.
      Variation of age, height, arm-span and weight between the three different levels
      of exposure to domestic smoke in both the smokers and non-smokers were compared
      and results revealed no significant variation in all the variables mentioned
      above. There was a fall of mean FVC, FEV1 and FMEF 25-75 as duration of exposure
      increased. This decline was found to be statistically significant amongst the
      smokers but not amongst the non-smokers. Similar results was found even after
      adjusting for age & height.

PMID- 3836531
TI  - Importance and role of basic research for medical research.

PMID- 3836533
TI  - Cooperation between university and industry in the field of medical research.

PMID- 3836532
TI  - Role and importance of clinical medical research.

PMID- 3836534
TI  - Cooperation between the Medical Research Council and industry within UK.

PMID- 3836535
TI  - European Medical Research Councils.

PMID- 3836536
TI  - European Economic Community and medical research.

PMID- 3836537
TI  - Medical research in Belgium.

PMID- 3836539
TI  - The academic hospital and medical research.

PMID- 3836538
TI  - The medical faculty and medical research.

PMID- 3836540
TI  - Exchanges between university and industry.

PMID- 3836541
TI  - Options and priorities in medical research.

PMID- 3836542
TI  - [Intermediate gastric cancer].
AB  - It is presented a case of gastric cancer that penetrates the stomach wall up to
      the muscular layer (C.G.P.M.). In a 53 years old patient, who consulted for
      abdominal pain and weight lost, and who has at the present a survival of 2 1/2
      years, symptom free, the radiology, endoscopic and anato-pathologic features of
      this disease, are analyzed. The transcendence in diagnostic of gastric cancer in
      this stage is emphasized.

PMID- 3836543
TI  - [Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. Frequency in a study of endoscopic
      biopsies].
AB  - The histologic sections of gastric endoscopic biopsies performed during a 4 years
      period were reexamined. Those cases in which the whole mucosa was not included in
      the biopsy and those of cancer or peptic ulcer in which another biopsy of normal
      mucosa outside of the lesion was not obtained, were ruled out. The presence of
      intestinal metaplasia (IM) and gastritis was investigated. Gastritis was
      classified according to Whitehead. No attempt was made to grade IM. The
      relationship of the frequency of IM with age, severity of gastritis, cancer,
      peptic ulcer and different areas of the stomach was studied. Cases without cancer
      or peptic ulcer were used as controls. IM was present in 67 (32.1%) out of 209
      cases that were reviewed. A significant difference in the frequency of IM was
      found between those cases below 40 years and those with 41 or more. The
      difference was not significant when the following decades were considered (tables
      1, 2 and 3). Either was there any significant difference of frequency between
      sexes. According to our criteria for the selection of cases only 16 carcinomas
      were included in this series. IM was observed in 50% of the cases. Fifteen
      patients had more than 50 years. There was a considerable difference in the
      percentage of IM between this group and that of the controls with 50 or more
      years, nevertheless this difference was not significant, probably because of the
      small number of cases, (table 6). IM was found in 48.8% of 43 cases with peptic
      ulcer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3836544
TI  - [In vitro effect of 2 pharmaceutical preparations containing bismuth on the
      fermentative capacity of intestinal bacteria].
AB  - An investigation was done on the action in vitro of two pharmaceutical
      preparations containing Bi, De Nol and Pepto Bismol, on the fermentative capacity
      of intestinal bacteria. For the purpose, using an instrument and a technique
      previously described, fecal fermentation (FF) was measured in 21 stool samples,
      to which lactose was added to assure appreciable levels of fermentation. In 11 of
      the samples, FF was measured without and with addition of De Nol; and in the 10
      remaining samples, without and with addition of Pepto Bismol. In 7 of the samples
      with which the action of De Nol was studied, this preparation significantly
      reduced FF from 10.9 not equal to 4.3 (mean not equal to s. d.) to 4.9 not equal
      to 5.0 ml of gas/24 h (p less than 0.02); on the contrary, in the 4 remaining
      samples, it increased FF, although not significantly, from 8.7 not equal to 4.8
      to 16.7 not equal to 8.8 ml of gas/24 h (N.S.). Pepto Bismol significantly
      reduced FF, in all the 10 samples with which the action of that pharmaceutical -
      preparation was investigated, from 11.7 not equal to 6.1 to 3.0 not equal to 2.1
      ml of gas/24 L (p less than 0.0001). A discussion was done on the possible
      mechanisms of the antifermentative action of Bi, as well as on the probable
      usefulness of De Nol and Pepto Bismol for the control of exaggerated intestinal
      fermentation and the flatulence it frequently causes.

PMID- 3836545
TI  - [5-fluorouracil in high doses. Principles and toxicity].
AB  - 5 fluorouracil (5FU) is considered the most important chemotherapeutic agent for
      gastrointestinal cancer treatment. High dose 5FU (3 gr./m2), given together with
      allopurinol to prevent normal tissue toxicity may be used to get a better
      therapeutic index. Toxic effects are specially considered in this paper, where
      effects in 20 advanced gastrointestinal patients are evaluated. Taking into
      consideration the results obtained, we consider it can be safely used in this
      way.

PMID- 3836546
TI  - Fine structure of bone marrow stroma.

PMID- 3836547
TI  - Prediction of the response to chemotherapies in the patients with acute leukemias
      based on the initial cytogenetic analysis.

PMID- 3836548
TI  - Chromosome aberrations in hemopoietic precursor cells.

PMID- 3836549
TI  - Leukemogenesis and chromosome aberrations: de novo leukemia in humans--with
      special reference to atomic bomb survivors.

PMID- 3836550
TI  - Cancer chemotherapy and the development of secondary leukemia.

PMID- 3836551
TI  - Congenital and acquired antithrombin III deficiency.

PMID- 3836552
TI  - Antithrombin III Toyama: a congenital antithrombin III abnormality with recurrent
      thrombophlebitis.

PMID- 3836553
TI  - Abnormal behaviors of ATIII due to conformational changes in a thrombophilic
      patient.

PMID- 3836554
TI  - In vivo differentiation of mast cells.

PMID- 3836555
TI  - Proliferation and differentiation of murine mast cells in vitro.

PMID- 3836557
TI  - Analysis of the amino acid sequence.

PMID- 3836556
TI  - Factors regulating the in vitro differentiation of human basophils and mast
      cells.

PMID- 3836558
TI  - Reduction of hemoglobins M by enzymatic reducing system.

PMID- 3836559
TI  - Abnormal hemoglobins in Japan.

PMID- 3836560
TI  - Thalassemia in Japan.

PMID- 3836561
TI  - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Leishmania donovani.

PMID- 3836562
TI  - Retrospective reflections of a medical parasitologist: experiment and auto
      experiment.

PMID- 3836563
TI  - [The immunopathological study on experimental models of rheumatic carditis].

PMID- 3836564
TI  - A survey of the postpartum reproductive performance of dairy cows with fertility
      problems in southern Iceland.

PMID- 3836565
TI  - Vibrio anguillarum: prevalence of typical and atypical strains in marine
      recipients with special reference to carbohydrate pollution.

PMID- 3836566
TI  - Nasal tumor in a fallow deer (Dama dama L). A case report.

PMID- 3836567
TI  - The occurrence of summer mastitis in Jutland (Denmark) in relation to
      meteorological factors.

PMID- 3836568
TI  - Ketosis in Norwegian dairy herds--some epidemiological associations.

PMID- 3836569
TI  - Kinetics of intravenously administered lactose in cows.

PMID- 3836570
TI  - Abaxial implantation of the middle piece in spermatozoa and spermatids in related
      sterile boars.

PMID- 3836571
TI  - Pathogenicity for chickens of a paramyxovirus type 1, isolated from racing
      pigeons in Sweden.

PMID- 3836572
TI  - Spontaneous aortic lesions in moose (Alces alces L).

PMID- 3836573
TI  - Spontaneous aortic lesions in fallow deer (Dama dama L).

PMID- 3836574
TI  - Serological characterization of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae (Actinobacillus
      pleuropneumoniae) strains and proposal of a new serotype: serotype 10.

PMID- 3836575
TI  - Kelly v. Gwinnell: social host liability--how great a burden?
AB  - In 1984, the New Jersey Supreme Court became the first high court to impose
      liability successfully upon social hosts for the torts of their intoxicated adult
      guests. The wisdom or folly of that decision, and its social ramifications, have
      become subjects of widespread discussion. This Case Comment argues that social
      host liability, in its present form, is an unwise extension of common law
      principles. Through an examination of the elements of the cause of action
      proposed, the standards of proof employed, and the public policies weighed by the
      court, this Comment concludes that social host liability is ill-adapted to
      furthering the court's stated goal of reducing drunken driving.

PMID- 3836576
TI  - Heckler v. Chaney: judicial and administrative regulation of capital punishment
      by lethal injection.
AB  - Capital punishment by lethal injection, which was expected to be the most safe
      and effective of available methods, can produce unusually cruel and inhuman
      death. In Heckler v. Chaney, inmates sentenced to death by lethal injection, as
      well as members of both the medical and legal communities, challenged the Food
      and Drug Administration's (FDA) refusal to regulate certain drugs used for
      capital punishment by lethal injection. By declining to review the FDA's
      nonenforcement decision, the Supreme Court also declined an opportunity to
      reevaluate its standard for determining cruel and unusual punishment, which
      upholds any method of execution that is no more unusually cruel than existing
      methods. This Comment examines the propriety of judicial and administrative
      regulation of capital punishment by lethal injection.

PMID- 3836577
TI  - [Importance of histochemical study in the postoperative surveillance of carcinoid
      of the appendix].

PMID- 3836578
TI  - [Surgical treatment of rupture of an abdominal aorta aneurysm in patients with
      fibromuscular arterial dysplasia].

PMID- 3836579
TI  - [A case of primary arterio-appendiceal fistula].

PMID- 3836580
TI  - [Surgical treatment of aneurysms of the ascending aorta associated with an aortic
      valvulopathy].

PMID- 3836581
TI  - [Indications for the sternal approach in mediastinal goiter].

PMID- 3836583
TI  - [Calumny and abuse of psychiatry in some divorces. Necessity of the examination
      and criticism of testimony].

PMID- 3836582
TI  - [Physiopathologic aspects of the functional reconstruction of a digital flexor
      tendon retracted due to an inveterate burn].

PMID- 3836584
TI  - [A spectacular case of automutilation].

PMID- 3836585
TI  - [Despair. A psychopathological study (3)].

PMID- 3836586
TI  - [Insulin therapy and its psychological effects].

PMID- 3836587
TI  - [Organization of psychiatry in the Shanghai region].

PMID- 3836588
TI  - [Manic change after violent suicide (hanging) in 4 melancholic depressive
      patients].

PMID- 3836590
TI  - [An experimental approach to depression in women].
AB  - Through a review of the literature concerning the preponderance of depression
      among women, the authors ask whether the symptoms of female depression has a
      specificity. The results of a study, realized in the Department of Psychiatry of
      the University of Limoges, showed that the depression among women is not only
      different and preponderant, but also more acute. More than a consequence of
      predisposing, life events as about men, the onset of depression among women seems
      to depend on precipitating life events.

PMID- 3836589
TI  - [Ethnopsychomotricity and identity: role of the position of the body of the child
      and mother].

PMID- 3836591
TI  - [Changes in free and total thyroid hormones and reverse T3 in adult male rats
      during fasting].
AB  - The serum levels of thyroid hormones (T3, F.T3, RT3, T4 and F.T4), cholesterol
      and triglycerides were measured in a population of adult male rats subjected to
      experimental fasting. Comparison of bindings with results published in the
      literature reveals certain disagreements attributable to individual variations in
      the animals resulting from physical or physiological factors. This study
      demonstrates that deiodination of thyroxine in T3-Reverse has an economic role on
      a metabolic level. Evaluation of the T3/RT3 ratio appears to provide an
      indication of the homogeneity of the peripheral metabolism in an experimental
      population.

PMID- 3836592
TI  - [Thymus-hypophysis-thyroid interrelation in rats after administration of a
      heterologous extract of thymus gland].
AB  - The Authors have investigated the effects of a thymus chromatographic fraction on
      TSH, T3, T4 serum values in thyroidectomized and normal controls rats before and
      after thymus treatment. The decrease in TSH values of thyroidectomized rats
      points out a possible inhibitory effect which the thymus extract may have at
      either the level of the adenohypophysis or hypothalamus. Moreover the TSH values
      in the euthyroid rats after thymus treatment showed a slight decrease, this
      changes are much more evident in the thyroidectomized rats after thymus
      treatment. In fact the plasma TSH of thyroidectomized rats drops from 97.5 +/- 4
      microU/ml before thymus treatment, to 76.25 +/- 10 microU/ml after thymus
      treatment.

PMID- 3836593
TI  - [Preliminary study in female rats of the immunoregulatory effect of estradiol,
      progesterone and pituitary prolactin on natural killer-like cell mediated
      cytotoxic activity].
AB  - A spontaneous non-immune natural killing-like cytotoxic activity is induced in
      cyclic non mated virgin F/344 females by progesterone + oestradiol or
      progesterone alone treatment after bilateral ovariectomy. Many indications
      attribute this cytotoxic response to the absence of the mating stimulated
      pituitary prolactin release which normally rescues the corpora lutea from
      regression, and brings about the necessary progesterone for pregnancy or
      pseudopregnancy.

PMID- 3836594
TI  - Seasonal changes in the serum calcium level and prolactin cells of Clarias
      batrachus in relation to the reproductive cycle.
AB  - The female specimens of Clarias batrachus show marked seasonal changes in serum
      calcium level and prolactin cells in relation to the ovarian cycle. The serum
      calcium level records the maximum value during the prespawning phase whereas, the
      prolactin cells show minimum activity during this phase. Thus, there is an
      inverse correlation between the serum calcium level and prolactin cells during
      the annual ovarian cycle. In male specimens there is no change in the serum
      calcium level and prolactin cells in relation to the testicular cycle.

PMID- 3836595
TI  - Olfactory centers and pathways in vertebrates.

PMID- 3836596
TI  - [The human nasal mucosa as seen by scanning electron microscopy].

PMID- 3836597
TI  - [The mineralization process of the cementum in human teeth].

PMID- 3836598
TI  - [Effects of IR laser irradiation on the rat mammary gland].

PMID- 3836599
TI  - A simple method for the isolation of highly purified neutrophil granulocytes from
      human peripheral blood.

PMID- 3836600
TI  - Bridges of myocardium over branches of the coronary arteries in Camelus
      dromedarius.

PMID- 3836601
TI  - Embryological and ultrastructural aspects of embryoid bodies.

PMID- 3836602
TI  - Nutritional balance studies: evaluation of a premature infant formula.
AB  - A 24 kcal/oz (81 kcal/100 ml) premature infant formula (Enfamil Premature
      Formula) with moderately high mineral content (117 mg Ca/100 ml and 58 mg P/100
      ml) and a protein content of 3 g/100 kcal was evaluated in sixteen 3-day balance
      studies at 10 and 21 days of age in nine premature infants with birth weights
      from 1,200 to 1,400 g. Growth rates were similar to in utero rates, and the
      formula was well accepted and tolerated. Calcium retention (62.5%) was similar to
      in utero accretion, and phosphorus retention was only slightly lower. Nitrogen
      retention was high without the development of metabolic acidosis or abnormal
      serum urea nitrogen levels.

PMID- 3836603
TI  - [Breast feeding practice and activities for its promotion in Central America,
      Panama and Dominican Republic].
AB  - This paper summarizes the data presented by the representatives of Central
      America, Panama and the Dominican Republic at the II Regional Seminar on the
      Promotion of Breast-Feeding, held in Isla Contadora, Panama, April 25-29, 1983.
      The representatives of Costa Rica, Honduras and Panama provided up-to-date,
      representative data in regard to the breast-feeding practice. The average weaning
      age in the urban and rural areas of Costa Rica is 6 and 4 months, respectively.
      In Honduras and Panama, 43 and 17% of the infants from urban areas, and 21 and
      37% of the babies from rural areas, respectively, were weaned before they reached
      four months of age. The need for availability of permanent systems to collect
      information on the breast-feeding practice in the different countries is pointed
      out. With regard to promotion actions, the absence of a national policy in favor
      of breast-feeding is evident. Moreover, in the national education systems, little
      importance is given to the subject. On the other hand, the advances achieved by
      some hospitals in favoring breast-feeding are mentioned. These include rooming
      in, the feeding of colostrum to newborns, and the establishment of human milk
      banks to feed premature babies whose mothers are unable to breast-feed them.
      Another acknowledged fact is that in the rural areas the agricultural home
      educators do not reinforce the breast-feeding practice. Also, there is a lack of
      information on the fulfillment of laws instituted for the protection of pregnant
      and lactating mothers, as far as pre and postnatal rest is concerned.

PMID- 3836604
TI  - [Iron absorption of the habitual diet in a population of low socioeconomic
      level].
AB  - Iron absorption using the extrinsic double-tag method was determined in the
      habitual diet consumed by a group of 32 volunteers of both sexes, pertaining to
      the low socioeconomic strata. The diet was made up of bread, spaghetti,
      vegetables and meat, totalling 2,022 kcal, 65.0 g protein, 17.57 mg iron, and
      28.75 mg ascorbic acid. According to our findings, men were found to be neither
      anemic nor iron-deficient. Among the women, however, 4.8% had anemia and 57.1%
      suffered from iron deficiency. The non-heme iron absorption was very low: 1.35%
      at breakfast, 3.29% at lunch, and 3.82% at dinner. Among those subjects found to
      be normal, the absorption was half the above figures, whereas among those with
      iron deficiency it was threefold, the differences being highly significant. The
      absorption of heme-iron for lunch and dinner was 17.53%. The iron deficient group
      had an absorption value four times greater than the normal group, the differences
      also being highly significant. The daily availability of non-heme, heme and total
      iron was 0.44, 1.13 and 1.57 mg, respectively. In the subjects who formed the
      normal group, total iron available was 1.14 mg, barely covering a man's daily
      requirements, but not those of a woman. In the iron-deficient group, it was 4.31
      mg, that is, four times greater than in the normal group; while this value
      improves the balance, it does not prevent deficiency in women, with great blood
      losses. Bearing these results in mind, it is suggested that measures tending to
      improve dietary iron content and bio-availability, be enforced.

PMID- 3836606
TI  - [In vitro interaction of polyphenols of coffee pulp and some proteins].
AB  - The in vitro interaction of pure polyphenols and polyphenol extracts of coffee
      pulp with pure proteins was studied. The polyphenols used for the assays were
      tannic acid, chlorogenic acid and catechin, and the proteins were gelatin, casein
      and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Different pHs and different polyphenol/protein
      ratios were used in the experiments. Extracts of coffee pulp in methanol,
      methanol-water (50:50), ammonium hydroxide 3%, and calcium hydroxide 1%, were
      used. In general, the maximum binding of polyphenol with protein was obtained at
      a polyphenol/protein ratio of 1/2, at a pH of 5.0. The higher binding percentages
      were found with the ammonium hydroxide extract and with tannic acid. The lowest
      binding percentage was obtained with the methanol-water extract. The other
      extracts presented intermediate binding degrees. The results herein reported
      demonstrate that the polyphenols of coffee pulp have capacity to bind proteins in
      vitro at the pHs assayed. This phenomenon may be the cause of the deficient
      protein utilization when coffee pulp is included in the animals' diet.

PMID- 3836605
TI  - [Effect of polyphenols of coffee pulp on iron absorption].
AB  - The effect of the polyphenols of coffee pulp on iron absorption was studied using
      the method of ligated segments in rats. Optimal conditions to measure iron
      absorption, were determined using as criteria the concentration of Fe59 and the
      time that produced the highest value of blood radioactivity. A concentration of
      0.4 uCi/dose of Fe59 and a 3-hr period were chosen to measure iron absorption.
      Experimental groups were formed assigning six rats randomly to each group. Each
      group was injected with a solution of 59Fe and either with the standard
      polyphenol solution or with the coffee pulp extract, except the control group
      which was injected with the Fe59 solution only. The effect of two polyphenol
      concentrations was also studied. Iron uptake from the duodenum was found to be
      the best indicator of iron absorption when compared to the sum of iron uptake by
      the tissues (blood, liver, spleen, kidneys, heart and carcass). Therefore, this
      indicator was used to interpret the results obtained. Catechin, tannic acid and
      the coffee pulp extract decreased significantly iron absorption when compared
      with the control group. The level of polyphenols used in these experiments is
      similar to the amounts consumed by animals fed coffee pulp at a 10% level.
      Therefore, we can conclude that the antinutritional effect of coffee pulp
      polyphenols may be partially due to their capacity to bind iron.

PMID- 3836607
TI  - [Development of a food of intermediate moistness from extracts of corn and
      soybean].
AB  - Precooked cereal:oilseed blends have potential use as intermediate moisture food
      supplements. On this basis, some formulations from corn:soy extrudates, and other
      ingredients, were prepared and evaluated. The main objective of this work was to
      develop a prototype intermediate moisture vegetable food, stable at room
      temperature, of low cost, and inexpensive packaging requirements. The
      technological process involves thermal and enzymatic modification of corn and soy
      blends. The final product can be suspended in water and consumed as a high energy
      protein beverage. Its proximate composition is similar to that of sweetened
      condensed milk.

PMID- 3836608
TI  - Studies on the development of infant foods from plant protein sources. Part I.
      Effect of germination of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) on the nutritive value and
      digestibility of proteins.
AB  - For the purpose of developing an infant food of improved dispersibility
      characteristics and high nutritive quality, different treatments and technologies
      were applied to chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Samples were germinated for two and
      four days at room temperature (25 - 27 degrees C). One portion of each germinated
      chickpea sample was boiled for 40 min and the other portion was autoclaved at 15
      psi for 15 min. These processed samples were then compared with the corresponding
      value of raw germinated and ungerminated samples as well as with the ungerminated
      processed ones for the following characteristics: chemical composition, contents
      of antiphysiological factors, solubility of proteins, lysine availability, net
      protein ratio (NPR), and digestibility of proteins. Germination caused an
      increase in the protein content of the seeds. No appreciable changes were
      observed in the trypsin inhibitor and tannin contents during germination.
      Availability of lysine was found slightly lower in the germinated seeds. The
      solubility of the nitrogenous constituents was markedly increased during
      germination. Along with processing, germination had no beneficial effect in
      improving protein quality, although digestibility of the proteins was increased.
      Boiling was more advantageous in the case of germinated seeds than autoclaving,
      whereas the reverse was true in the case of ungerminated seeds.

PMID- 3836609
TI  - Cooking procedures for direct consumption of whole soybeans.
AB  - The purpose of this research was to determine adequate conditions for the
      preparation of soybeans at home level. In accordance with the results, soaking
      the soybeans for eight hours in a 0.25% bicarbonate solution, gives the
      appropriate hydration to the soybeans, which can then be easily cooked. Boiling
      them at atmospheric pressure during 20 minutes was required to destroy 80% of the
      soybeans antitrypsin activity, and a high PER was also obtained. Nevertheless,
      the soybeans texture was not satisfactory; therefore, longer boiling periods were
      tested so as to establish the most suitable time needed to achieve a softness
      similar to that of common beans as usually consumed. Softness was measured
      instrumentally, and the optimal conditions found were: 40 min boiling after 8 hr
      soaking in a 0.25% bicarbonate solution. Under these conditions, the PER and NPU
      values increased 18% and 33%, respectively, with respect to those of the casein
      PER and NPU. It is concluded that with this procedure, large amounts of protein
      can become available at an equivalent price to US$0.40/kg ($80.00/kg).

PMID- 3836610
TI  - [Evaluation of a teaching program of nutrition in agronomy].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate a set of teaching materials on food,
      nutrition and agriculture, adapted at the Institute of Nutrition and Food
      Technology (INTA), University of Chile, within the scope of a project with AID
      and the School of Agronomy of the Chilean Catholic University (U. C.) aimed at
      incorporating the teaching of human nutrition into the curriculum of Latin
      American agronomists. A one semester course (54 hours) was given to 22 students
      of the 7th semester of Agronomy and two Ecuatorian agronomists (with AID
      scholarships). A set of knowledge evaluation instruments was applied at the
      beginning and at the end of the course. A total of 83.3% of the students passed
      the final examination (with more than 75% of correct answers). The difference
      between the initial and final performance was highly significant (p less than
      0.001). According to the students' and teachers' opinions, the general textbook
      and the teachers book contributed effectively to meet the learning objectives
      whereas the students handbook needed some modifications. In conclusion, the
      program is an important contribution to the education of agronomists in a new
      conception of their role in regard to improvement of the nutritional status and
      quality of life of the rural population. With a few minor modifications, a final
      version to be used in the countries of the Region, shall soon become available.

PMID- 3836612
TI  - [Role of percutaneous thin-needle biopsy in the diagnosis of neoplasms of the
      lung].

PMID- 3836611
TI  - [Effect of S-carboxymethylcysteine on the concentration of antibiotics in
      bronchial secretions and its therapeutic effects].

PMID- 3836613
TI  - [Evaluation of various lung physiopathology tests in subjects with chronic
      bronchitis before and after administration of salbutamol].

PMID- 3836614
TI  - [Study of ventilatory function in children treated with the logico-corporeal
      method].

PMID- 3836615
TI  - [Pulmonary radiographic picture of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

PMID- 3836616
TI  - [The lung in cardiopathies].

PMID- 3836617
TI  - [Evaluation of non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity in asthmatic patients by
      studying multiple ventilatory parameters].

PMID- 3836618
TI  - [Cystic dilatation of the common bile duct in adults. Report of 4 cases].
AB  - The authors report four cases of patients who presented congenital choledochal
      cysts. They discuss the incidence, classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis,
      clinical presentation and current treatment based in their own experiences and in
      a review of the literature on the subject.

PMID- 3836619
TI  - Esophageal dysfunction in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and mixed
      connective tissue diseases.
AB  - Esophageal motility was studied in 37 patients with progressive systemic
      sclerosis (PSS), 12 patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and 40
      controls by the manometry method, using an open tube and continuous perfusion,
      and by radiological examination. Radiology was normal in 17 patients with PSS and
      five patients with MCTD, and abnormal in 15 patients with PSS and three with
      MCTD. The most frequent abnormality was slow transit time of barium. Manometry of
      the esophageal body was normal in 20 patients with PSS and six patients with
      MCTD, and abnormal in 17 patients with PSS and six with MCTD. Lack of contraction
      in the middle lower segments of the esophagus was the abnormality most frequently
      observed. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure was significantly lower among
      patients with PSS and MCTD than among the controls. Dysphagia was reported by ten
      patients with PSS and by six patients with MCTD. Radiology and manometry showed
      similar changes in PSS and MCTD, but dysphagia was more frequent among patients
      with MCTD.

PMID- 3836620
TI  - [Gastric adenocarcinoma with choriocarcinomatous component. A case of autopsy
      with immunohistochemical study].
AB  - The authors present a rare autopsy case of coexistence of adenocarcinoma and
      choriocarcinoma in stomach. The tumor was characterized histologically and by the
      detection of carcinoembryonic antigen and human chorionic gonadotropin in the
      neoplastic cells by immunoperoxidase technique. The prognosis for gastric
      adenocarcinoma with choriocarcinomatous elements is exceedingly poor. This
      patient died three months after the first complain.

PMID- 3836621
TI  - [Embolization--a new concept in the treatment of esophageal varices (late
      results)].
AB  - Although since 1978 we have been applying this new technique, we awaited the late
      results to evaluate with security the value of its application. As we have
      previously described in a short communication, in 1979, to embolizate the
      esophageal bleeding varices, we use a laparotomic approach through the right
      gastric vein to inject the embolizating material. After five years applying this
      technique, the results confirmed its efficacy.

PMID- 3836622
TI  - [Experimental dilatation of the cecum and colon in rats. I. Induction by
      continuous administration of lactose after weaning].
AB  - Female weanling Wistar rats, weighing 30-40 g, were allocated into seven groups
      (I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII), and given laboratory rat chow containing
      ascending concentrations of lactose (subgroup L) and sucrose (subgroup S); each
      group was administered respectively 0, 5, 10, 20, 25, 30 and 35 g of disaccharide
      per 100 g final weight of diet. The animals were maintained in these diets for 28
      days, when they were weighed and sacrificed. The volume of the large intestine
      was measured, and the weight of cecum and colon were recorded separately. The
      values were expressed in cm3/100 g of body weight (volume) and g/100 g of body
      weight (weight of cecum and colon). The results showed that rats given lactose,
      except group II (L) showed enlargement of the cecum and colon, as revealed by
      increased volume and weight, proportionally to the concentration of sugar. This
      increase was more pronounced in the cecum, while the participation of the colon
      occurred significantly only with high concentrations of lactose (groups VI (L)
      and VII (L)). Groups V (L), VI (L) and VII (L) showed very low body weights at
      the end of the experiment and high mortality rates of respectively 37.5, 50 and
      80%. It is postulated that the enlargement of the cecum and colon of rats given
      lactose is probably related to augmented work due to increased fecal flow through
      the ileo-cecal valve and/or changes in bacterial flora and fermentation. Besides,
      the low body weight and the high mortality rate of lactose-fed rats may be
      dependent on the chronic diarrhea observed in these animals.

PMID- 3836623
TI  - Effects of protein deficiency and rehabilitation on growth and tissue composition
      in growing rats.
AB  - The objective of the present work was to study the influence of protein quantity
      and quality on some biochemical parameters in the liver, brain and plasma of rats
      at 51 days of age. This profile was sketched through the weight of the liver and
      brain and their content of DNA, RNA and protein and through the total amount of
      protein, the ratio NE/E and the activity of transaminase GOT and GPT in the
      plasma. During gestation and lactation, diets of 20% casein, 8% casein and 8%
      corn were used. At weaning, five experimental groups, with and without
      nutritional recuperation, were established. As a result, it was observed that the
      groups fed on a hypoprotein diet (8% casein or 8% corn) were the most seriously
      compromised in body weight and biochemical parameters with the group fed on corn
      being the most seriously affected. The animal which were recuperated
      nutritionally presented a net improvement in all of the parameters. However, the
      values describing the development of the body and organs in these groups remained
      inferior to those obtained in the control group. The success of reversibility
      will depend on the phase of development during which malnutrition occurred and
      the duration and intensity of the original deficit and the subsequent
      rehabilitation treatment. Organs in a phase of accelerated development will be
      especially sensitive to the irreversible effects of malnutrition.

PMID- 3836624
TI  - [Clinical conference at the Brazilian Institute for Study and Research in
      Gastroenterology].

PMID- 3836626
TI  - International Symposium on Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo '85.

PMID- 3836625
TI  - [Exercises of clinical reasoning].

PMID- 3836627
TI  - Reconstruction of the defect of the oropharynx using free jejunum.
AB  - Reconstruction of oropharyngeal defect using free jejunum was carried out in two
      patients with selected situation. One patient had problem of donor site, which
      was developed breast. Another patient had problem of recipient site, which
      required the flap with thin subcutaneous tissue. Reconstruction with free jejunal
      transfer was successful in both cases. The major advantage of the free jejunal
      transfer for oropharyngeal defects was discussed in comparison with cutaneous
      flaps. In conclusion this safety procedure is recommended for reconstruction of
      oropharyngeal defect.

PMID- 3836628
TI  - Use of intraoperative 125iodine implants for large tumors attached to the carotid
      artery.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients with large masses attached to the carotid artery underwent
      surgical resection with preservation of the artery, and intraoperative 125Iodine
      implantation via an absorbable suture. Eighteen were treated for recurrent
      neoplasms, having failed prior surgery and/or irradiation therapy. Eleven were
      treated primarily. With the minimum follow-up of one year, 76% were disease free
      in the implant volume and 62% were disease free in the entire neck. Distant
      metastasis occurred in 45%. Mean survival was 15 months in the primary group
      (range, 2-50 months) and 12 months in the recurrent group (range, 4-26 months).
      This technique shows promise in providing local control without necessity for
      sacrifice of the carotid artery.

PMID- 3836629
TI  - The management of salivary neoplasms: an overview.
AB  - From 1939 through 1973, 2,807 patients with salivary gland tumors received
      definitive treatment at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. This included
      1,965 patients (70%) with parotid gland lesions, 244 patients (8%) with neoplasms
      in the submandibular gland, and 607 patients (22%) with tumors which arose in the
      predominantly mucus secreting glands (minor salivary) which line the upper
      aerodigestive tract. The proportion with malignant tumors was 25, 43, and 82% in
      the parotid, submandibular and minor salivary glands, respectively; benign tumors
      occurred more often in women. Mucoepidermoid, acinic cell and most
      adenocarcinomas were subdivided according to histologic grade and all patients
      were retrospectively staged according to criteria established by the American
      Joint Committee on Cancer Staging. Treatment was almost exclusively surgical and
      the extent of the operation performed depended on the extent of the tumor rather
      than its histology. In patients with malignant parotid tumors, the facial nerve
      was sacrificed only if it was adherent to or directly involved by the tumor.
      Lymphadenectomy was usually reserved for those patients who had palpable
      metastases. Prolonged follow-up (10 years minimum in this study) is necessary in
      order to appreciate the slow growth of some salivary neoplasms. Results depended
      upon the complex interplay between the site of origin, the clinical stage, and
      the histologic appearance of the tumors. This study antedates our current
      interest in postoperative radiation therapy, but other reports suggest that
      combination therapy enhances local control.

PMID- 3836631
TI  - Plastic and reconstructive treatment of facial skin lesions.

PMID- 3836630
TI  - A proposal of TNM classification system for cancer of the salivary gland-
      comprehensive retrospective study.
AB  - Until recently, there has not been a sufficient number of cases of salivary gland
      cancer to permit the development of a clinically useful TNM classification
      system. A comprehensive retrospective study of 354 patients with cancer of the
      parotid gland from 46 institutions in Japan was carried out at the request of the
      Japanese Committee on TNM Classification (JJC), and we propose JJC T-categories
      for parotid gland cancer. The characteristic of this proposal involves T
      categories determined according to tumor size. Fixed tumors or tumors with facial
      nerve involvement were classified as T4 regardless of tumor size. In 1983, the
      AJC proposal for a TNM classification system of salivary gland cancers was
      tentatively approved at a AJC/UICC joint meeting. In comparison with the AJC
      classification, our proposal seems to be better in terms of simplicity and the
      balanced distribution in T-categories of parotid gland cancers.

PMID- 3836632
TI  - Pectoralis flap reconstruction in resection of anterior skull base tumors.
AB  - Prognosis was once considered hopeless for many patients with malignant neoplasms
      of the anterior skull base. Craniofacial resection of these lesions has now been
      found curative for many patients. However, massive resections of the anterior
      skull base pose many potentially life-threatening complications. Cerebrospinal
      fluid fistula with meningitis is especially troublesome when previous radiation
      therapy compromises wound healing. In such circumstances local tissue flaps and
      skin grafting may not provide reliable separation of the brain from the nose. The
      pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was utilized in nine patients undergoing
      antero-lateral resection of the skull base. Several major advantages of this
      technique include: Reliable closure of the subarachnoid space. Acceptable
      cosmesis. Rapid wound rehabilitation, allowing early postoperative radiation
      therapy when necessary.

PMID- 3836633
TI  - Analysis of the long-term results of our combination therapy for maxillary
      cancer, with particular reference to treatment of T4 and N1-3 maxillary cancer.
AB  - To evaluate how far the long-term survival rate could be improved by maximum
      combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, we have performed a trial
      combination therapy consisting of Linac X-ray irradiation (200 rads X 30) and
      intraarterial infusion chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil 250 mg X 15), followed by
      sufficiently extensive maxillectomy and primary reconstruction. The 5-year crude
      and relative survival rate of 70 patients were 64.2 and 72.1% respectively. The 5
      year crude survival rate in cases with squamous cell carcinoma was 73.1%. Twelve
      out of 70 patients died of cancer. Local recurrence was seen in 6 cases and the
      most frequent cause of death was distant metastasis which was seen in 25% of T4N0
      cases and in 57% of T2-3N1-3 cases. The elderly patients over 71 years occupied
      29.1% of the total cases. The 3-year and 5-year crude survival rates in these
      elderly patients were 75 and 50% respectively. Death due to cancer was seen only
      in 3 patients and the most frequent cause of death was due to senility and other
      unrelated causes. As far as squamous cell carcinoma is concerned, the post
      therapeutic courses of our combination therapy have been satisfactory. However
      further revision of the trial therapy was deemed necessary in T4 and N1-3
      maxillary cancer. By covering the entire wound surface after total and extended
      total maxillectomy by a thick flap, the post-operative facial deformity and
      functional impairment due to scar contracture of the wound could be effectively
      prevented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3836634
TI  - Fifteen years experience with treatment of lingual carcinoma--a retrospective
      study.

PMID- 3836635
TI  - Reconstruction of the total cheek defect by free myocutaneous flap.
AB  - Our reconstructive method utilizing the free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap
      by microneurovascular anastomosis is a rewarding method for the patient with
      total cheek defect after cancer surgery of the maxillary sinus from the
      standpoint of morphology, function, and psychology.

PMID- 3836636
TI  - Aspects on laryngeal cancer based on whole organ sections.
AB  - Whole organ sectioning of laryngectomy specimens has been applied since quite a
      few years to increase our knowledge of the histopathological behavior of
      laryngeal carcinoma. The laboratory techniques have been successively refined
      with shortening of the processing time and with improved histological results.
      The larynx may be cut in the coronal, sagittal or in the transverse plane, which
      has become more actual for comparison between computed tomograms and
      histopathological findings. The growth and spread of laryngeal cancer is
      determined by the site of origin. Glottic carcinomas often invade the thyroid
      cartilage in the anterior commissure area and extend outside the larynx through
      cartilage or by extending subglottically and then through the crico-thyroid
      membrane. More extensive glottic carcinomas with supra- and/or subglottic
      extension may spread laterally through the crico-thyroid space. This way of
      spread is very characteristic for tumors surrounding the laryngeal ventricle-
      "transglottic carcinomas." Supraglottic carcinomas show a high tendency to invade
      the pre-epiglottic space. Despite an advanced size they tend to be confined to
      the supraglottic region, but may especially when ulcerated extend down to the
      glottic region in the anterior midline. Primary subglottic carcinomas are rare
      but tend to be advanced when diagnosed, having a circumferential growth with
      extension up into the vocal cord muscles. They may invade the laryngeal framework
      and spread outside the larynx through the crico-thyroid membrane. By using the
      whole organ sectioning technique we have gained further knowledge of the strength
      and weaknesses of our clinical and radiological diagnostic methods and we have a
      possibility to compare the radiographic findings with the histopathological
      sections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3836637
TI  - A histopathological study of carcinoma of the larynx.
AB  - Fifty-one laryngectomy specimens were histopathologically studied in serial
      sections. The incidence of thyroid cartilage invasion was 10% in supraglottic,
      48% in glottic, and 67% in subglottic carcinomas. The incidence of cricoid
      cartilage invasion was 0% in supraglottic, 22% in glottic, and 33% in subglottic
      carcinomas. The sites of cartilage invasion were the anterior commissure portion
      and an ossified lower portion of the thyroid cartilage, and an ossified upper
      portion of the cricoid cartilage. Fixation of the vocal fold in glottic carcinoma
      was accounted for by carcinomatous invasion into three-fourths or more of the
      thyroarytenoid muscle. Impairment of the vocal fold movement was accounted for by
      carcinomatous invasion into three-fourths or less of the thyroarytenoid muscle.
      Fixation of the vocal fold in supraglottic carcinomas was accounted for by a
      massive carcinomatous invasion around the upper aspect of the arytenoid
      cartilage.

PMID- 3836638
TI  - Application of CO2 laser to the carcinoma of the larynx.

PMID- 3836639
TI  - The place of partial laryngectomy in the treatment of laryngeal cancer--a view
      from the U.K.
AB  - Attention is drawn to the problems of surgical resection by partial laryngectomy
      after full therapeutic dosage of Telecobalt irradiation. Material is presented
      from two treatment centres to indicate trends in surgical treatment and the
      complications experienced. Results will be given which confirm a reasonable
      expectation of cure and functional conservation by vertical partial laryngectomy
      for recurrence of glottic cancer after irradiation. The results of treatment of
      recurrent supraglottic cancer by horizontal partial laryngectomy gave more cause
      for concern in terms of complications and survival. In conclusion an attempt is
      made, based on the quoted experience, to define the position of conservation
      surgery in two centres for laryngeal cancer in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 3836640
TI  - Significance of the use of endoscopes in the management of head and neck tumors.
AB  - The advancement of the endoscope and its related technology has made it easy to
      apply them to the management of head and neck tumors at the level of the everyday
      clinic not only in the diagnostic aspect but also for therapeutic purposes. In
      the diagnostic aspect, endoscopic procedure will contribute to early diagnosis,
      precise comprehension of extension, and appropriate biopsy of tumors. Accurate
      follow-up study and laser surgical procedures using Nd-YAG laser may be other
      therapeutic contributions. X-ray examinations including CT should always be
      complementary measures to this procedure. It is extremely important to detect
      earlier the presence of malignancy. The appropriate use of endoscopes in the
      management of head and neck tumors will help to improve the results of treatment,
      because one of the greatest reasons for poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal,
      hypopharyngeal, cervical esophageal, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal cancers is
      attributed to the difficulty of early detection.

PMID- 3836641
TI  - Laryngoplasty using suprahyoid muscles--hyoid transposition laryngoplasty.
AB  - A new technique of laryngoplasty using the function of the suprahyoid muscles
      (hyoid transposition laryngoplasty) was reported. Total laryngectomy is carried
      out as usual and the tracheal stump is anastomosed directly to the hypopharynx.
      The hyoid bone is cut medially, then transpositioned and sutured to the
      posterolateral margins of the tracheal stump. With this procedure, the new
      glottis is pressed strongly to the tongue base during swallowing and aspiration
      is avoided. Postoperative swallowing and speech in the cases operated on with
      this method were satisfactory, and even nasal respiration was possible in some
      cases.

PMID- 3836642
TI  - Primary tracheoesophageal shunt operation for postlaryngectomy voice restoration-
      a sphincter mechanism against aspiration.
AB  - Out of a total of 113 consecutive tracheoesophageal (TE) shunt operations for
      postlaryngectomy voice restoration in the past 8 years performed at the
      Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 92 patients (81%) succeeded in the
      postoperative TE speech. The essential part of this surgery consists of the
      construction of the TE shunt using the membraneous part of the trachea obtained
      at surgery. In the course of 8 years, important changes have been employed for
      the prevention of aspiration. We attempted to combine primary cancer surgery with
      the creation of intelligible voice, but without aspiration. For the above
      purpose, we have employed the bilateral esophageal muscle flaps (BEMF) against
      aspiration in combination with the TE shunt construction for phonation. Sixteen
      of 18 patients thus operated on complained of no aspiration even with a drop of
      saliva and dietary fluids. As far as the mechanism against aspiration is
      concerned, both dilatation and elevation of the cervical esophagus during
      deglutition, together with the BEMF, seem to approximate the sphincter mechanism
      against tracheal reflux. A proper case selection may achieve high success rates
      for preserving normal deglutition and restoring speech after total laryngectomy.

PMID- 3836643
TI  - Pharyngeal reconstruction after total laryngectomy with preservation of
      phonation.
AB  - The goal of pharyngeal reconstruction after laryngectomy is to prevent
      fistulization and to permit rapid resumption of satisfactory deglutition.
      Alaryngeal speech acquisition by the traditional method of esophageal speech is
      effective if insufflation is rapidly learned and tolerated by the
      pharyngoesophageal segment. Experience with tracheoesophageal phonation revealed
      an incidence of pharyngoesophageal spasm in 40% of an esophageal speech failure
      population which prevented useful air flow for speech production. This is related
      to esophageal distention and reflexive upper esophageal sphincter hypertension.
      It is suggested that pharyngeal reconstruction after total laryngectomy may
      permit higher wall tension than is desirable for speech acquisition. The problem
      of post laryngectomy pharyngoesophageal spasm may be reduced by myotomy of the
      pharyngeal constrictors with resultant higher air flows in the residual vocal
      tract for speech. Alterations in the pharyngeal wall tonicity will affect the
      pitch of the speech and listener acceptability. Recently identification and
      division of the pharyngeal plexus has produced a similar result in improved
      phonatory air flows with subjective vocal pitch approximating more normal voices.
      The above mentioned techniques are readily applied to the laryngectomy procedure
      and enhance the likelihood of alaryngeal speech acquisition.

PMID- 3836644
TI  - An evaluation of neck dissection in carcinoma of the tongue.
AB  - Forty-six neck dissection cases were performed out of 117 cases of tongue cancer
      occurring from 1973-1981 at the Gunma Cancer Center. Among the 47 cases, 27 were
      initially treated surgically. In 14 cases radium therapy was used for the primary
      lesion and was followed by neck dissection. In another 13 cases hemiglossectomy
      and neck dissection were performed together. In addition, in 19 cases neck
      dissection was performed as secondary treatment for metastatic nodes or for
      recurrence of the primary lesion following radium therapy. In the cases of neck
      dissection performed as initial treatment along with hemiglossectomy, 84.6% had a
      two-year survival rate. Neck dissection performed as a secondary treatment
      resulted in a 46.7% survival rate over 3 years. It is evident from these figures
      that neck dissection performed as initial treatment results in better prognosis
      for the patients. In cases where metastatic nodes are present or suspected, neck
      dissection and hemiglossectomy should be undertaken.

PMID- 3836645
TI  - Functional reconstruction for unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis
      caused by thyroid cancer.
AB  - Surgery for unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, which is caused by
      thyroid cancer, appearing within the past six months, should be aimed at
      improvement of the asymmetrical vocal cord and preservation of the stiffness and
      the mass of the vocal fold. To accomplish these aims, reconstructive surgery of
      the neuromuscular systems is available and it should be performed at the same
      time as thyroidectomy. Our surgical procedures for unilateral recurrent laryngeal
      nerve paralysis caused by thyroid cancer are reported along with some
      experimental investigations in dogs. Experimentally, muscle atrophy was prevented
      by neurorrhaphy or by free nerve grafting of the recurrent laryngeal nerve,
      although movement of the vocals cord was not recovered due to misdirected
      reinnervation and reduction of the end plates. In our study of functional
      reconstruction for unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, end-to-end
      anastomosis or free nerve grafting between the recurrent laryngeal nerve after
      extirpating the abductor muscle branch of this nerve was the most effective and
      practical method for improvement of the adductor function. Clinically
      reconstructive surgery was performed on five females suffering from thyroid
      cancer with unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. The abductor branch
      was cut selectively in four cases, followed by free nerve grafting of the ansa
      cervicalis and pedicle nerve muscle graft of the thyrohyoid muscle implanted in
      one case. Vocal cord atrophies were not observed and phonations were good in all
      cases six months after of operation. However, obvious adduction of the operated
      vocal fold at phonation was obtained only in two cases and other two cases showed
      slight adduction.

PMID- 3836646
TI  - Laryngeal framework surgery for voice disorders.

PMID- 3836647
TI  - Synergistic combination therapy of 5-fluorouracil, vitamin A, and cobalt-60
      radiation for head and neck tumors--antitumor combination therapy with vitamin A.
AB  - Using cultured transformed fibroblasts, an antitumor agent, 5-fluorouracil (5
      FU), was found to be potentiated in its inhibitory action on RNA formation by
      vitamin A. 5-FU in combination with vitamin A enhanced more effectively the
      cellular sensitivity to irradiation than when 5-FU was used alone. So we have
      applied a triple combination of 5-FU, vitamin A, and cobalt-60 radiation (FAR
      therapy) to clinical treatment of head and neck tumors since 1972. The treatment
      of 192 patients with cancer of the larynx, 60 patients with hypopharyngeal and
      cervical esophageal cancer, and 23 patients with epipharyngeal cancer with FAR
      therapy during 6 years from 1972 to 1977 resulted in highly effective synergism,
      and the improved points of this therapy were considered.

PMID- 3836648
TI  - Reconstructive surgery of head and neck cancer using various pedicle flaps.
AB  - Various pedicle flaps were used for the reconstruction of large defects following
      extirpation of head and neck malignant tumors of 55 patients. Although there are
      several complications, myocutaneous (MC) island flap surpassed the deltopectoral
      (DP) flap in the reconstruction of the pharyngo-esophagus, tongue, oral cavity,
      mandible, and of a massive defect. However, DP flap is still valuable material
      because of its steadiness in pharyngo-esophageal reconstruction in patients who
      have background disorders, such as serious heart disease and diabetes. Forehead
      or DP flap is valuable in the reconstructive surgery of full-thickness defect of
      the cheek. Reconstruction of extremely large defect of the head and neck could be
      accomplished by use of latissimus dorsi flap and/or combination with DP flap.
      Selection of the flap should be made in accordance with the region of the
      reconstruction, size of region, sex, and individual considerations.

PMID- 3836649
TI  - Multiple primary tumors in patients with head and neck cancer.
AB  - From July 1978 to June 1984, 851 new cases of malignancies in the head and neck
      were registered in our hospital. Ninety-three patients with multiple primary
      tumors were observed. Triplicated malignancies were observed in three cases,
      i.e., larynx, thyroid, skin; stomach, tongue, larynx; and larynx, sarcoma,
      mesopharynx. The incidence rate was a high 30% in cancer of the mesopharynx
      (14/46), 14% in cancer of the larynx (55/392), and 7% in cancer of the
      hypopharynx. Additional primary malignancies occurred in the head and neck
      regions (25 cases), the digestive system (10 cases), the uro-reproductive system
      (18 cases), and others. Cancers of the stomach, lung, esophagus, and thyroid were
      predominant. Thirty-one cases (32.2%) were detected simultaneously and others
      were detected synchronously. We discuss the increased incidence rate of multiple
      primary tumors and the factors attributable to multiple primary tumors and stress
      the usefulness of systematic investigations.

PMID- 3836650
TI  - Excision level and indication for contralateral neck dissection in hypopharyngeal
      cancer surgery.
AB  - Margins of extirpated specimens of hypopharyngeal cancer were examined
      histopathologically. Residual cancer nest, which is most likely due to
      directional preponderance of the submucosal lymph flow of the hypopharyngeal
      cavity, was characteristically demonstrated at the superior margin and in the
      submucosal layer. We propose that laryngopharyngectomy be done at the extended
      excision level superiorly at the base of the palatine tonsil and inferiorly at
      the level of the 2nd thoracic vertebra and with a safety margin of at least 2 cm.
      The incidence of ipsilateral and contralateral neck metastasis was also
      histopathologically evaluated from specimens obtained by neck dissection.
      Contralateral neck metastasis was histopathologically confirmed in more than 30%
      of the cases examined and showed a difference in incidence related to
      histological differentiation and T classification. We conclude that bilateral
      neck dissection is advisable in all cases of hypopharyngeal cancer except for
      patients with a well-differentiated T2 lesion.

PMID- 3836651
TI  - Total pharyngo-laryngo-esophagectomy and reconstruction by gastric or colic pull
      up.

PMID- 3836652
TI  - Radial forearm flap in reconstruction following surgery for head and neck
      cancers.
AB  - The forearm flap developed in China provided a most useful addition to the field
      of head and neck reconstruction. Because of its thin and pliable components, long
      and large caliber pedicle vessels and reliable vascularity, etc., we prefer to
      use the microvascular transfer of this flap for reconstruction of oral,
      oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal regions following cancer ablation and recognize
      further evidence of the versatility of this flap. In this paper, we describe the
      techniques of forearm flap transfer and the results of 37 cases experienced
      between March, 1983 and October, 1984.

PMID- 3836653
TI  - Voice preservation technique in the surgical treatment of postcricoid cancer.
AB  - In patients with freedom from invasion to anterior half of the larynx in
      postcricoid and cervical esophageal cancer, reconstruction of vocal tract with
      preservation of the anterior half of the larynx is applied with oncologic
      rationality and we performed the procedure in three cases of T2N1. At neck
      dissection bilateral superior thyroid neurovascular pedicles and unilateral
      inferior thyroid vessels were preserved. The larynx and upper part of the trachea
      were devided on the frontal plane and the posterior half with the hypopharynx and
      cervical esophagus was removed. The anterior half of the part was preserved and
      the mucosal edges of the cut surface extending from the appropriate margin of
      membranous portion of the trachea to the aryepiglottic folds were longitudinally
      approximated to reconstruct a thin tube to rehabilitate the voice. The
      pharyngoesophagus was replaced by either deltopectoral flap or forearm flap.
      Postoperative aspiration was minimal and voice rehabilitation was satisfactory.

PMID- 3836654
TI  - Surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth.
AB  - Surgery for cancer of the tongue and floor of the mouth has become more varied
      and generally more conservative, influenced by advances in oncology and modern
      reconstructive methods. Combined therapy is favored, with postoperative
      irradiation and sometimes adjunctive chemotherapy, using cis-platinum. T1
      carcinomas of the tongue and floor of the mouth can be treated with either wide
      local excision or irradiation alone, but surgery is the preferred method. T2-T4
      tumors treated by resection combined with radiation therapy promise the best
      results. The indications and principles of the most important operative
      procedures are discussed: local excision; partial and total glossectomy; excision
      of the floor of the mouth with marginal mandibular resection; composite
      resection. Mandible sparing operations such as a modification of the "pull
      through" technique described by Stell or temporary splitting of the mandible are
      oncologically safe in many cases. A radical neck dissection is indicated in each
      carcinoma of the tongue or floor of the mouth with palpable lymph nodes. If no
      nodes are palpable, an elective neck dissection appears justified in view of the
      high frequency of clinically occult lymph node metastases. Reconstructive
      measures following radical tongue and floor of the mouth operations are required
      for regaining mobility of the remaining tongue, for reconstruction of the floor
      of the mouth and for replacement of the mandible. For immediate reconstruction,
      the most frequently used technique is the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap
      which has largely replaced the previously employed local and regional flaps. A
      significant problem remains with mandibular reconstruction.

PMID- 3836655
TI  - Peripharyngeal space invasion of head and neck cancer--incidence, mechanisms, and
      management.
AB  - We studied the incidence and mode of development of peripharyngeal invasion from
      head and neck cancers by both retrospective examination of our 127 patients and
      tracing the dynamics of lymph flow from the hypopharyngeal wall to the
      peripharyngeal space. We also presented three experiences of the surgical
      approach to the peripharyngeal invasion by our modification of Attia's technique.
      Peripharyngeal space invasions occur frequently in a direct or indirect way when
      meso- or hypopharyngeal or posterior oral cancer invades deeply into the muscle
      layers and extends to the palatine arch, retromolar region, pharyngoepiglottic
      fold, pharyngeal tongue, or posterior buccal mucosa. The lymph flow was revealed
      to move quickly from the lateral hypopharyngeal wall to the base of the skull and
      occasionally to the opposite side. The peripharyngeal space invasions were
      successfully removed under a wide surgical field without injuring the important
      nerves and vessels and with preservation of mandibular function. We should cover
      all routes for extension of head and neck cancers, including the peripharyngeal
      space, in the diagnosis and management of these conditions.

PMID- 3836656
TI  - Dissection of parapharyngeal space in head and neck cancer.
AB  - The parapharyngeal space is a potential space located lateral to the upper
      pharynx and tonsillar area. This space can be involved either by direct
      extension, by perineural or neural spread, or by lymph node metastasis from
      cancers originating in adjacent sites. Between 1978 and 1984, 22 patients with T3
      or T4 carcinoma of the head and neck region underwent dissection of the
      parapharyngeal space in conjunction with ablation of the primary tumor and
      standard radical neck dissection. Twelve of these patients had carcinoma arising
      in the oral cavity, 4 in the oropharynx, and 6 in the major salivary glands.
      Surgical approaches applied to the dissection of the space were the submandibular
      route combined with the transoral approach in 1 patient, transparotid in 3, the
      mandibular "swing" approach in 9, and mandibular composite resection in 9. The
      last 2 approaches allowed excellent control of the neurovascular structures up to
      their entrance into the skull base. In 18 patients of this series, the tumor was
      locoregionally controlled in 5 to 77 months (median 23 months) of follow-up.
      Dissection of the parapharyngeal space improves locoregional control rate of
      advanced head and neck cancers involving this space.

PMID- 3836657
TI  - Mediastinal dissection--resectability and curability of stomal recurrence after
      total laryngectomy.

PMID- 3836658
TI  - Evaluation of prophylactic postoperative 131I therapy for extended differentiated
      carcinoma of the thyroid gland.
AB  - Varying survival rates have been reported for differentiated carcinoma of the
      thyroid gland. The rate, however, does progressively decrease over a longer
      period of time than the usually reported five-year survival rates. Significant
      local invasion outside the thyroid capsule and of blood vessels yields a poorer
      prognosis, and mortality is largely attributed to distant metastasis. To improve
      the long-term survival rate, 1) sharp dissection with ample safety margin
      including resection of the neighboring organs, 2) reconstruction of the
      sacrificed organs, if possible, and 3) postoperative prophylactic radioiodine
      therapy, were adopted for invasive well-differentiated carcinoma for a period of
      10 years. Of the 191 well-differentiated carcinomas operated on, in a series of
      486 consecutive thyroid operations, 33 patients underwent this prophylactic
      radioactive iodine therapy (dose amount up to 300 mCi) following ablative surgery
      including, in several patients, mediastinal dissection. Periodical whole body
      survey by sodium iodide 131I showing no signs of recurrence up to five years
      except in three patients indicating two suspected lung metastasis and one death
      from bone metastasis, demonstrated that this is a promising method for the
      treatment of invasive well-differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland,
      although further long-term analysis is required.

PMID- 3836659
TI  - A combined modality for anaplastic large-cell carcinoma of the thyroid.
AB  - The survival rates of 55 patients with anaplastic large-cell carcinoma of the
      thyroid with various combinations of treatment were analyzed to estimate the most
      effective way to cure the disease. A total of 21 patients with infiltration into
      subclavial vessels, plexus brachialis, vagus, sympathics, phrenic nerve, and/or
      hypoglossus died within 7 months after the diagnosis and most of them died within
      2 months. The prognosis of patients with such tumor infiltration was very poor.
      Among 34 patients without infiltration of the above-mentioned structures, 12 were
      treated by radiation therapy alone or with chemotherapy, 8 were treated by
      surgery plus radiation therapy, and 13 were treated by a combination treatment
      consisting of operation, radiation, and chemotherapy. The post-therapeutic one
      year survival rates were 7.7, 12.5, and 75%, respectively. Therefore, it is
      concluded that a combination treatment of surgical operation and radiotherapy
      plus chemotherapy should be the best for treatment of this tumor.

PMID- 3836660
TI  - Reconstruction of the upper airway following stenotic processes.

PMID- 3836661
TI  - Surgical treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis by a trough technique.
AB  - Many methods have been tried and reported in the treatment of laryngotracheal
      stenosis. Among them, a trough technique seems universal at present. To date, we
      have tried several methods of this technique, but each method had its own
      demerits. We used, as a cartilagenous framework, a homograft or tracheal ring
      cartilages for the last four cases of laryngotracheal stenosis. These tracheal
      ring cartilages were resected from relatively young patients with laryngeal
      carcinoma. Total laryngectomy was done just below the level of the fourth
      tracheal ring, then the fourth tracheal ring was resected and stored in 70%
      alcohol. The cartilage was used after it was made certain pathologically that
      there was no invasion of carcinoma at the third tracheal ring level. The
      operative procedure of this trough technique is as follows. In the first stage, a
      trough is created at the stenosed region and the trough is maintained by placing
      a Quick Set Silicone (Q.S.S.) stent mold over it. While waiting for scar
      formation of the tissues surrounding the trachea, the second stage reconstruction
      is performed four weeks after the first. The trough is closed with hinged skin
      flaps on both sides, and the reserved tracheal ring cartilages are sutured every
      5 mm onto the outer surface of the hinged skin flaps to make a cartilagenous
      framework. The neck is closed with advanced neck skin flaps. A more ideal
      tracheal lumen is created by this technique. Our four patients are doing well two
      years or more after the operation.

PMID- 3836662
TI  - Anterior neck dissection for carcinoma of the thyroid gland.
AB  - Anterior neck dissection, a regional neck dissection in which the internal
      jugular chain of nodes is dissected completely but the posterior triangle is left
      undisturbed, has been developed by us. Metastases of carcinoma of the thyroid to
      cervical lymph nodes were studied clinically and pathologically in 54 patients
      who had undergone therapeutic total neck dissections in order to determine
      selection guidelines for anterior neck dissections. If the 7 patients in whom
      nodes in the posterior triangle of the neck were palpable preoperatively were
      eliminated, there were 47 evaluable patients for this portion of the study. Nine
      (19%) of the 47 patients had nonpalpable but histologically positive nodes in the
      posterior triangle. If these patients were divided into 4 groups, I, II, III, and
      IV in which the number of palpable nodes in each was 1, 2, 3, and 4 or more,
      respectively, the incidence of microscopically positive nodes in each group was
      1/20 (5%), 2/11 (18%), 2/8 (25%), and 4/8 (50%), respectively. Twenty-one
      evaluable anterior neck dissections were performed and followed from 4 to 9 years
      postoperatively. In 18 patients, there was a single palpable node and in 3
      patients, there were 2 palpable nodes. No nodal recurrence has occurred in the
      necks with a single palpable node, but there has been one recurrence in the group
      with 2 palpable nodes. We conclude that anterior neck dissection is beneficial to
      patients with a single palpable node in carcinoma of the thyroid in reducing
      cosmetic disfigurement and preserving function.

PMID- 3836663
TI  - Correlation between prognosis and degree of lymph node involvement in carcinoma
      of the head and neck.
AB  - The purpose of this report is to discover the correlation between the prognosis
      and the degree of lymph node involvement in carcinoma of the head and neck. Three
      hundred and thirty-eight cases of head and neck carcinoma who had undergone neck
      dissection at the National Cancer Center Hospital from 1962 through 1979 were
      reviewed and analyzed. The sites of the primary lesions were the oral cavity,
      larynx, and hypopharynx. Radical whole neck dissection had been performed in 177
      cases, partial neck dissection in 97 cases, and bilateral neck dissection in 60
      cases. The cervical lymph node metastases from oral cavity carcinoma were mostly
      confined to L1 and rare in L4 (L-classification by UICC). The prognosis of L4
      cases was extremely poor, and thus oral carcinoma cases could be spared
      posterolateral dissection. The control rate of neck lymph nodes by neck
      dissection and the prognosis of the patients were influenced by the existence and
      number of histologically positive nodes. The cervical recurrence rates were 28%
      of all cases, 11% of histologically negative cases, and 39% of histologically
      positive cases. Recurrences in the dissected part of the neck were observed in
      10% of all cases. The five-year survival rates were 75% of the cases without
      histologically positive nodes, 35% with histologically positive nodes, 59% with
      single node metastasis, and 26% with multiple node metastasis.

PMID- 3836664
TI  - CT scan as a diagnostic tool to detect cancer invasion in the carotid artery.
AB  - The presence of cervical lymph node metastasis in head and neck tumors is usually
      determined by manual neck palpitation. However, this method cannot ascertain
      whether carotid artery invasion is present or not. Actually, fixed lymph node
      metastasis means nothing but deep fascia invasion of the metastasis. Contrast CT
      scan, on the contrary, can present exact information about the carotid artery. We
      investigate the comparison between CT scan results and surgical results in this
      paper.

PMID- 3836665
TI  - Numerical calculation and measurement of 60-Hz current densities induced in an
      upright grounded cylinder.
AB  - Power-frequency electric fields are strongly perturbed in the vicinity of human
      beings and experimental animals. As a consequence, the extrapolation of
      biological data from laboratory animals to human-exposure situations cannot use
      the unperturbed exposure field strength as a common exposure parameter. Rather,
      comparisons between species must be based on the actual electric fields at the
      outer surfaces of and inside the bodies of the subjects. Experimental data have
      been published on surface and internal fields for a few exposure situations, but
      it is not feasible to characterize experimentally more than a small fraction of
      the diverse types of exposures which occur in the laboratory and in the field. A
      predictive numerical model is needed, one whose predictions have been verified in
      situations where experimental data are available, and one whose results can be
      used with confidence in new exposure situations. This paper describes a numerical
      technique which can be used to develop such a model, and it carries out this
      development for a test case, that of a homogeneous right-circular cylinder
      resting upright on-end on a ground plane and exposed to a vertical, uniform, 60
      Hz electric field. The accuracy of the model is tested by comparing short-circuit
      currents and induced current densities predicted by it to measured values:
      Agreement is good.

PMID- 3836666
TI  - Thermoregulatory adjustments in squirrel monkeys exposed to microwaves at high
      power densities.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to investigate the thermal adjustments of
      squirrel monkeys exposed in a cold environment to relatively high energy levels
      of microwave fields. The animals (Saimiri sciureus) were equilibrated for 90 min
      to a cool environment (Ta = 20 degrees C) to elevate metabolic heat production
      (M). They were then exposed for brief (10-min) or long (30-min) periods to 2,450
      MHz continuous-wave microwaves. Power densities (MPD) were 10, 14, 19, and 25
      mW/cm2 during brief exposures and 30, 35, 40, and 45 mW/cm2 during long exposures
      (rate of energy absorption: SAR = 0.15 [W/kg]/[mW/cm2]). Individual exposures
      were separated by enough time to allow physiological variables to return to
      baseline levels. The results confirm that each microwave exposure induced a rapid
      decrease in M. In a 20 degree C environment, the power density of a 10-min
      exposure required to lower M to approximate the resting level was 35 mW/cm2 (SAR
      = 5.3 W/kg). During the long exposures, 20 min was needed to decrease M to its
      lowest level. Cessation of irradiation was associated with persistence of low
      levels of M for periods that depended on the power density of the preceding
      microwave exposure. Vasodilation, as indexed by changes in local skin
      temperature, occurred at a high rate of energy absorption (SAR = 4.5 W/kg) and
      was sufficient to prevent a dramatic increase in storage of thermal energy by the
      body; vasoconstriction was reinstated after termination of irradiation. Patterns
      of thermophysiological responses confirm the influence both of peripheral and of
      internal inputs to thermoregulation in squirrel monkeys exposed to microwaves in
      a cool environment.

PMID- 3836667
TI  - Dielectric properties of developing rabbit brain at 37 degrees C.
AB  - The dielectric properties of developing rabbit brain were measured at 37 degrees
      C between 10 MHz and 18 GHz using time domain and frequency domain systems. The
      results show a variation with age of the dielectric properties of brain. An
      analysis of the data suggests that the water dispersion in the brain of newly
      born animals can be represented by a Debye equation. This dispersion increases in
      complexity with age, and there is evidence of a smaller additional relaxation
      process centered around 1 GHz. It is concluded that the principal contribution to
      this subsidiary dispersion region arises from water of hydration.

PMID- 3836668
TI  - The extremely low frequency electrical properties of plant stems.
AB  - The electrical properties (variation of capacitance and conductance with
      frequency) of a plant stem can be conveniently measured in vivo by time domain
      dielectric spectroscopy. In this technique a voltage step is applied to a stem.
      The resulting polarization current is sampled by a microprocessor and Fourier
      transformed to yield these properties. Spectra were obtained for seven electrode
      separations along a Poinsettia stem. The inverse capacitance and conductance were
      plotted vs separation for 50 frequencies from .35 to 350 Hz. Least-square fits
      yielded the effective dielectric constant and conductivity of the stem over this
      frequency range. In this way electrode effects were eliminated. A similar
      procedure was carried out for Coleus. A log-log plot of dielectric constant vs
      frequency shows a two-stage linear decrease for both plants. The conductivity is
      primarily DC. The dielectric loss decreases smoothly with frequency for Coleus.
      These results are compared to those for bone and the inorganic material
      hollandite. The dielectric properties seem best described by a cooperative, many
      body approach.

PMID- 3836669
TI  - Microwave-induced changes in nerve cells: effects of modulation and temperature.
AB  - Helix aspersa neurons were irradiated with continuous-wave (CW) and noise
      amplitude-modulated microwaves (carrier frequency 2450 MHz, 20% AM, 2 Hz-20 kHz)
      in a specially designed waveguide exposure system. Continuous-wave microwave
      irradiations were conducted at 8 degrees, 21 degrees, and 28 degrees C, while
      noise-modulated irradiation was performed at 21 degrees C. The results showed
      that exposure of snail neurons to CW microwaves for 60 min at 12.9 W/kg inhibited
      spontaneous activity and reduced input resistance at 8 degrees and 21 degrees C
      but not at 28 degrees C. The relative decrease in resistance at 21 degrees C was
      half that at 8 degrees C. Exposure of neurons to noise-modulated microwaves at
      6.8 and 14.4 W/kg predominately caused excitatory responses characterized by
      augmented membrane resistance and the appearance of greater activity. The effect
      differed qualitatively from the inhibition observed with continuous, unmodulated
      microwave irradiation.

PMID- 3836670
TI  - Effect of microwave irradiation (2.45 GHz, CW) on egg weight loss, egg
      hatchability, and hatchling growth of the Coturnix quail.
AB  - Fertile eggs of the Coturnix quail were exposed twice a day for 30 min to 2.45
      GHz continuous wave radiation at power densities of 25 or 50 mW cm-2 throughout
      the 17-day incubation period. Other eggs were exposed to 20 degrees C or 24
      degrees C temperatures twice daily. Repeated exposures to 20 degrees C, 24
      degrees C, or 25 mW cm-2 did not reduce hatchability. Irradiation at 50 mW cm-2
      lowered hatchability, probably as a result of high egg temperatures. Hatchlings
      that had been irradiated by microwaves as embryos had normal growth rates and no
      obvious developmental abnormalities.

PMID- 3836671
TI  - A cytohistological analysis of roots whose growth is affected by a 60-Hz electric
      field.
AB  - Roots of Pisum sativum were exposed for 48 h to 60-Hz electric fields of 430 V/m
      in an aqueous inorganic growth medium. The growth in length of the exposed roots
      was 44% of that for control roots. Root tips were analyzed for mitotic index and
      cell cycle duration. Mature, differentiated root sections from tissue produced
      after electrode energization were analyzed for cell lengths and number of files.
      The major reason for the observation that exposed roots are shorter than control
      roots is that cell elongation in the former is greatly diminished relative to
      controls.

PMID- 3836672
TI  - Growth rate and mitotic index analysis of Vicia faba L. roots exposed to 60-Hz
      electric fields.
AB  - Growth, mitotic index, and growth rate recovery were determined for Vicia faba L.
      roots exposed to 60-Hz electric fields of 200, 290, and 360 V/m in an aqueous
      inorganic nutrient medium (conductivity 0.07-0.09 S/m). Root growth rate
      decreased in proportion to the increasing strength; the electric field threshold
      for a growth rate effect was about 230 V/m. The induced transmembrane potential
      at the threshold exposure was about 4-7 mV. The mitotic index was not affected by
      an electric field exposure sufficient to reduce root growth rate to about 35% of
      control. Root growth rate recovery from 31-96% of control occurred in 4 days
      after cessation of the 360 V/m exposure. The results support the postulate that
      the site of action of the applied electric fields is the cell membrane.

PMID- 3836673
TI  - Effects of microwave radiation (340 and 900 MHz) on different structural levels
      of erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - By use of fluorescence probes 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid, 2
      toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate, pyrene, perylene and chemical label
      phosphatidylethanolamine 2,4,6-trinitrobenzele sulfonic acid, the effect of
      microwave radiation on the erythrocyte membrane was studied. The studies with the
      fluorescence probes were carried out on erythrocyte ghosts and with 2,4,6
      trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid on whole erythrocytes. The fluorescence was
      measured during irradiation of the membranes with 340-MHz microwaves at an SAR of
      100 W/kg. Trinitrophenylation of phosphatidylethanolamine from whole erythrocytes
      was performed simultaneously with microwave irradiation at 900 MHz (10 mW/cm2).
      It was shown that the microwave field decreased lipid viscosity, altered the
      structural state of lipid-protein contact regions, and decreased the protein
      shielding of lipids. These changes corresponded to those produced by thermal
      action of microwaves.

PMID- 3836674
TI  - Erythrocyte hemolysis by radiofrequency fields.
AB  - A field-strength-dependent hemolytic effect of continuous-wave radiofrequency
      (RF) exposure in vitro has been demonstrated. Erythrocytes in whole heparinized
      rabbit blood were hemolyzed by a 2-h exposure to 50- or 100-MHz RF fields at
      field strengths of greater than 4 V/cm. An effect of comparable magnitude
      resulted from exposure to 10-MHz RF at a field strength of 9 V/cm. Sample
      temperatures were maintained at 22.5 degrees +/- 0.2 degrees C. There was no
      apparent involvement of heating or temperature gradients, nor were there any RF
      exposure effects on cellular K+ or Na+ concentration, nor on pH. The mechanism of
      the hemolytic effect is not known. Since the percentage of lysed erythrocytes was
      less than 1% and there was an absence of effects on cellular cation
      concentrations, RF radiation may have irreversibly altered the plasma membrane
      permeability of a sensitive subpopulation of red cells (possibly aged cells)
      leading to osmotic lysis. RF radiation at these frequencies appears to affect red
      cells in a manner that is qualitatively and quantitatively different from
      microwave radiation.

PMID- 3836675
TI  - Auditory response in rats exposed to 2,450 MHz electromagnetic fields in a
      circularly polarized waveguide.
AB  - Rats were exposed to 2,450-MHz pulsed microwave fields in a circularly polarized
      waveguide. The threshold incident energy density per pulse was about 1.5 to 3
      microJ/cm2 over the range 1-10 microseconds. The corresponding whole-body
      averaged specific absorption of energy was 0.9 to 1.8 mJ/kg per pulse. The same
      response was evoked when the incident energy density or absorbed energy density
      per pulse was the same, regardless of the pulse widths.

PMID- 3836676
TI  - A role for the magnetic field in the radiation-induced efflux of calcium ions
      from brain tissue in vitro.
AB  - Two independent laboratories have demonstrated that electromagnetic radiation at
      specific frequencies can cause a change in the efflux of calcium ions from brain
      tissue in vitro. In a local geomagnetic field (LGF) at a density of 38 microTesla
      (microT), 15- and 45-Hz electromagnetic signals (40 Vp-p/m in air) have been
      shown to induce a change in the efflux of calcium ions from the exposed tissues,
      whereas 1- and 30-Hz signals do not. We now show that the effective 15-Hz signal
      can be rendered ineffective when the LGF is reduced to 19 microT with Helmholtz
      coils. In addition, the ineffective 30-Hz signal becomes effective when the LGF
      is changed to +/- 25.3 microT or to +/- 76 microT. These results demonstrate that
      the net intensity of the LGF is an important variable. The results appear to
      describe a resonance-like relationship in which the frequency of the
      electromagnetic field that can induce a change in efflux is proportional to a
      product of LGF density and an index, 2n + 1, where n = 0,1. These
      phenomenological findings may provide a basis for evaluating the apparent lack of
      reproducibility of biological effects caused by low-intensity extremely-low
      frequency (ELF) electromagnetic signals. In future investigations of this
      phenomenon, the LGF vector should be explicitly described. If the underlying
      mechanism involves a general property of tissue, then research conducted in the
      ambient electromagnetic environment (50/60 Hz) may be subjected to unnoticed and
      uncontrolled influences, depending on the density of the LGF.

PMID- 3836677
TI  - Thermoregulatory consequences of long-term microwave exposure at controlled
      ambient temperatures.
AB  - This study was designed to identify and measure changes in thermoregulatory
      responses, both behavioral and physiological, that may occur when squirrel
      monkeys are exposed to 2450-MHz continuous wave microwaves 40 hr/week for 15
      weeks. Power densities of 1 or 5 mW/cm2 (specific absorption rate = 0.16 W/kg per
      mW/cm2) were presented at controlled environmental temperatures of 25, 30, or 35
      degrees C. Standardized tests, conducted periodically, before, during, and after
      treatment, assessed changes in thermoregulatory responses. Dependent variables
      that were measured included body mass, certain blood properties, metabolic heat
      production, sweating, skin temperatures, deep body temperature, and behavioral
      responses by which the monkeys selected a preferred environmental temperature.
      Results showed no reliable alteration of metabolic rate, internal body
      temperature, blood indices, or thermoregulatory behavior by microwave exposure,
      although the ambient temperature prevailing during chronic exposure could exert
      an effect. An increase in sweating rate occurred in the 35 degrees C environment,
      but sweating was not reliably enhanced by microwave exposure. Skin temperature,
      reflecting vasomotor state, was reliably influenced by both ambient temperature
      and microwaves. The most robust consequence of microwave exposure was a reduction
      in body mass, which appeared to be a function of microwave power density.

PMID- 3836678
TI  - Operant control of convective cooling and microwave irradiation by the squirrel
      monkey.
AB  - Adult male squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were individually chair-restrained
      in an air-conditioned Styrofoam box in the far field of a horn antenna. Each
      monkey first received extensive training to regulate the temperature of the air
      circulating through the box by selecting between 10 and 50 degrees C air source
      temperatures. Then, to investigate the ability of the animals to utilize
      microwaves as a source of thermalizing energy, 2450-MHz continuous wave
      microwaves accompanied by thermoneutral (30 degrees C) air were substituted for
      the 50 degrees C air. Irradiation at each of three power densities was made
      available, ie, at 20, 25, and 30 mW/cm2 [SAR = 0.15 (W/kg)/(mW/cm2)]. The
      percentage of time that the monkeys selected microwave irradiation paired with
      thermoneutral air averaged 90% at 20 and at 25 mW/cm2. The mean percentage
      declined reliably (p less than 0.001) to 81% at 30 mW/cm2, confirming the
      monkey's ability to utilize microwave irradiation as a source of thermal energy
      during the course of behavioral thermoregulation. All animals readily made the
      warm-air to microwave-field transition, regulating rectal temperature with
      precision by sequentially selecting 10 degrees C air, then microwave irradiation
      accompanied by 30 degrees C air. Although the selection of cooler air resulted in
      a slight reduction of skin temperatures, normal rectal temperature was
      maintained. The results indicate that the squirrel monkey can utilize a microwave
      source in conjunction with convective cooling to regulate body temperature
      behaviorally.

PMID- 3836679
TI  - Neuroendocrine parameters in the rat exposed to 60-Hz electric fields.
AB  - This study was designed to assess the neuroendocrine response of male Long-Evans
      rats to sustained or intermittent 60-Hz electric fields when exposed for 1 or 3 h
      at 100 kV/m. No significant differences were noted in corticosterone, prolactin,
      or thyrotropin levels between exposed and sham-exposed rats. A statistically
      significant increase (P less than .01) in growth hormone was noted in rats
      exposed to intermittent electric fields for 3 h. Emphasis was placed on good
      experimental design and the need to avoid standard laboratory stressors
      (excessive handling, temperature extremes, transportation, noise, etc.) known to
      be present in many biomedical studies. The importance of avoiding reactions due
      to extraneous factors in experiments predicated on investigating physiological
      function in relation to electric field exposure is discussed.

PMID- 3836680
TI  - Noninvasive thermometry using multiple-frequency-band radiometry: a feasibility
      study.
AB  - The potential use of multiple-frequency-band radiometry as a means of noninvasive
      sensing of one-dimensional temperature profiles is presented in this
      communication. The radiative energy transfer equation is solved numerically.
      Ideal-condition thermal noise spectra and distributions of received energy,
      associated with specific temperature-depth profiles, are presented. Performance
      characteristics are discussed.

PMID- 3836681
TI  - Regional turnover of norepinephrine and dopamine in rat brain following acute
      exposure to air ions.
AB  - Exposure to air ions has been reported to influence serotonin (5HT), although
      critical reviews of these studies and previous measurements in our laboratory of
      the concentration, release, and utilization of brain 5HT indicate that neither
      the data nor the interpretations of the data are particularly convincing.
      Measurements of other possibly relevant neurotransmitter systems--norepinephrine
      (NE) and dopamine (DA)--were made in brain regions selected because of their
      importance in the modulation of brain functions relating to motivation, arousal,
      endocrine function, and motor activity, all responses that have been reported to
      be influenced by air ion exposure. Results indicate that exposure of male
      Holtzman rats to high concentrations (5.0 X 10(5)/cm3) of positive or negative
      air ions or to DC electric fields (3.0 kV/m) for periods up to 66 h failed to
      affect the concentration of NE or DA significantly in any of the brain regions.

PMID- 3836682
TI  - [Clinical and electroencephalographic studies of patients with various types of
      alopecia].

PMID- 3836684
TI  - [The use of the axial external fastener in reconstructive plastic surgery with
      cross-leg flap. Technical note].

PMID- 3836683
TI  - [Multi-fragmented fractures of the patella: osteosynthesis or partial
      patellectomy?].

PMID- 3836685
TI  - Differential effects of cytosolic modulators of fluoride-stimulated adenylate
      cyclase activity in striatum and cerebral cortex.
AB  - The effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) and ethanol on adenylate cyclase activity
      were investigated in mouse and rat striatum and cerebral cortex. In a crude
      homogenate of striatum, NaF (10 mM) had no effect on adenylate cyclase activity
      even though guanyl-5'-yl-imidodiphosphate (GppNHp) increased enzyme activity by
      two-fold. Addition of 300 mM ethanol increased basal and GppNHp-stimulated
      activity and allowed expression of an effect of NaF. Stimulation of adenylate
      cyclase activity by NaF was also observed after sedimentation and resuspension of
      membranes. Readdition of the supernatant to washed membranes caused a decrease in
      maximal NaF-stimulated activity without any change in the concentration of NaF
      required for half-maximal stimulation. The inhibitory effect of the supernatant
      was resistant to heat but was eliminated by the addition of ethanol or perchloric
      acid. Inhibition of NaF-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in striatal tissue
      was also observed when assays were carried out in the presence of a 20,000 X g
      supernatant prepared from cerebral cortex. NaF-stimulated activity in cortical
      tissue was, on the other hand, enhanced in the presence of a 20,000 X g
      supernatant prepared from either cortex or striatum. This suggests that there is
      a basic difference between the adenylate cyclase systems of these tissues.

PMID- 3836686
TI  - The effect of stress on tolerance to ethanol in rats.
AB  - In male rats given 6.0-8.0 g/kg of ethanol/day via gastric intubation, footshock
      stress accelerated the development of functional tolerance to ethanol (ethanol
      induced hypothermia and motor impairment on a dowel task). A primarily
      psychological stressor (observing other rats that were being shocked) may have
      retarded tolerance development as subjects in this condition showed no
      development of functional tolerance. Nonstressed subjects developed tolerance
      more slowly and required a higher daily dose of ethanol to develop tolerance than
      shock stressed subjects. Conditioned responses to the drug administration
      procedure did not appear to play a role in the development of tolerance.

PMID- 3836687
TI  - Effects of exposure to stressful stimuli on the free-choice consumption of
      various phenethylamines by rats.
AB  - In an attempt to investigate whether a relationship exists between exposure to
      stressful stimuli and the consumption of CNS stimulants, rats were given
      continuous access to an 0.1% saccharin solution and either d-amphetamine (AMP),
      methamphetamine (MET) or phenylpropanolamine (PPA) at two concentrations. Animals
      were exposed to either isolation/novel environment or immobilization stress
      repetitively over a two week period on an irregular/unpredictable schedule. No
      differences were seen between control (non-stressed) and stressed animals with
      respect to the volume of AMP, MET or PPA consumed either during stress or in two
      weeks post-stress. All three drugs failed to demonstrate any oral reinforcing
      properties as evaluated by positional perseveration. In contrast to earlier work
      using ethanol, the data suggests that stress has very little influence over the
      oral ingestion of phenethylamines.

PMID- 3836688
TI  - Proceedings of the symposium "Pharmacology and Psychobiology of Alcoholism" held
      at the IVth World Congress of Biological Psychiatry. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
      September 8-13, 1985.

PMID- 3836689
TI  - Development of tolerance to ethanol-induced tachycardia in rats.
AB  - Development of tolerance to ethanol was examined using heart rate as a measure.
      Ethanol-treated rats were infused IG with 8-11 g/kg/day (in 3 divided doses),
      control rats received similar infusions of either equicaloric dextrin-maltose or
      water (equivolumetric) for a period of 17 days. On days 1, 5, 9, 13 and 17 of
      treatment heart rate was recorded before and at 10, 20 and 30 minutes after
      injection of a challenge dose of 2 g/kg ethanol, dextrin-maltose or water. The
      tachycardia produced by ethanol increased with days of chronic treatment to a
      maximum on the 9th day of treatment. Significant tolerance to the tachycardia was
      evident only on the 17th day of treatment. Neither control showed significant
      changes in heart rate.

PMID- 3836690
TI  - Ethanol-stress interaction on dopamine metabolism in the medial prefrontal
      cortex.
AB  - The effect of foot-shock and ethanol (2 g/kg per os) and the combination of the
      two on dopamine (DA) metabolism in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) was
      studied in rats. Electric foot-shock stress (20 min stimulation) decreased DA
      concentration by 30% and increased dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)
      concentration by 65%. Ethanol (2 g/kg orally) decreased DA concentration by 20%,
      but, unlike foot-shock, failed to modify DOPAC levels. Neither treatments
      modified homovanillic acid (HVA) levels. The combination of ethanol (30 min
      before shock) and foot-shock produced about a 50% depletion of DA content and 30%
      increase in HVA, but no change in DOPAC levels. It is suggested that both ethanol
      and foot-shock activate DA release in the MPFC, but ethanol decreases DA
      retrieval by nerve terminals and, therefore, prevents intraneuronal deamination
      of the amine.

PMID- 3836691
TI  - Towards optimal trauma care.
AB  - This paper examines some problems related to trauma care, and, at the same time,
      discusses some solutions, particularly stressing the need for a trauma system in
      Great Britain.

PMID- 3836692
TI  - Urgent care centres.

PMID- 3836693
TI  - Urgent care centres: proceed with caution.

PMID- 3836694
TI  - BMX bicycles: accident comparison with other models.
AB  - A comparison has been made between BMX bicycle accidents and those occurring when
      children ride other types of bicycle. The injuries sustained are compared to see
      if the clinical impressions that BMX are more dangerous, and produce more facial
      injuries, are correct. This was found not to be true as half the children
      involved rode BMX bicycles, and the injuries sustained were similar to those
      occurring to non BMX riders. BMX riders had a lower proportion of serious
      injuries than riders of racing cycles. There were a large number of head injuries
      needing admission to hospital, but BMX riders had fewer head injuries than the
      other groups. The use of protective headgear was minimal. Facial injuries were
      evenly distributed between BMX and non BMX groups. The major cause of accidents
      to BMX riders was performing stunts but, overall, poor cycling technique
      associated with minimal cycling experience were the factors common to 50% of
      accidents.

PMID- 3836695
TI  - The medical effects of seat-belt legislation in the United Kingdom: the
      collection of the data.
AB  - On 31 January 1983, it became compulsory for most drivers and front-seat
      passengers in vehicles with an unladen weight of less than 3 tons to wear seat
      belts in the United Kingdom. This study was devised in order to provide
      definitive information on any changes in the injury patterns car and light goods
      vehicle occupants have suffered resulting from the law. Originally it was
      expected that this aim would be achieved by collecting data from hospitals for a
      year before and a year after the introduction of the law. However, it proved
      impossible to collect data uniformly through the hospital system on all fatally
      injured casualties, and, in consequence, a parallel study of injuries sustained
      by fatalities was undertaken using coroners' records. The methodology of the
      hospital and fatal studies were very similar, excepting that the latter covered
      only two corresponding 6-month periods in 1982 and 1983.

PMID- 3836696
TI  - The medical effects of seat-belt legislation in the United Kingdom: a critical
      review of the findings.

PMID- 3836697
TI  - The medical effects of seat-belt legislation in the United Kingdom: the
      statistical arguments.

PMID- 3836698
TI  - Injuries, seat-belts and further research.

PMID- 3836699
TI  - Medical effects of seat-belt legislation in the United Kingdom. Future
      legislation.

PMID- 3836700
TI  - The overall assessment of the medical effects of seat-belt legislation in the
      United Kingdom.

PMID- 3836701
TI  - The medical effects of seat-belt legislation in the United Kingdom: one viewpoint
      from the USA.

PMID- 3836702
TI  - Twenty-seventh annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology. New Orleans,
      December 7-10, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3836703
TI  - Femtomole isotopic-enzymatic microassay of histamine in microgram amounts of
      brain tissue.
AB  - We present a modification of a previously described radioenzymatic technique
      (Snyder et al., Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 153: 544
      549, 1966) for the determination of histamine. This assay is based on the
      incubation of tissue histamine with a partially purified preparation of histamine
      N-methyltransferase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine: histamine N-methyltransferase, E.C.
      2.1.1.8; HMT) in the presence of the natural donor of methyl groups, [3H]-methyl
      S-adenosyl-L-methionine ([3H]-SAMe). We have found that HMT retains its histamine
      N-methylating activity at 4 degrees C. Incubation at low temperature results in a
      considerable increase in the sample to blank ratio. The reduction of the total
      amount of [3H]-SAMe used and addition of anhydrous sodium sulfate before the last
      organic extraction step further reduced the blank levels. With these
      modifications, the sensitivity of the method was increased to the lower femtomole
      range. The present assay can be used for the determination of as little as 1 to 2
      pg of histamine in samples from individual rat brain nuclei containing 2 to 10
      micrograms of protein.

PMID- 3836704
TI  - Amino acid patterns in the plasma and ascitic fluid of cirrhotic patients.
AB  - Amino acid levels were measured in the plasma and ascitic fluid of 13 alcoholic
      patients with liver cirrhosis and of 14 normal controls. The plasma aromatic
      amino acids of the alcoholic patients were not statistically different from those
      of the control subjects, whereas the levels of branched-chain amino acids were
      reduced (P less than 0.05). The values for the ratio of the muscle/liver
      metabolized amino acids (valine + isoleucine + leucine)/(phenylalanine + tyrosine
      + methionine) were statistically lower in the cirrhotic patients both in plasma
      and ascitic fluid (P less than 0.05). The amino acid levels in the ascitic fluid
      of the cirrhotic patients were slightly lower than those in the plasma of the
      same patients and the values for the muscle/liver metabolized amino acid ratio
      were similar in plasma and ascitic fluid. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid and
      glycine levels were higher among the cirrhotic patients (P less than 0.05).
      Cirrhotic patients present an alteration in amino acid metabolism which creates a
      different amino acid pattern in both plasma and ascitic fluid. The significance
      of the proposed ratio and its possible relation to hepatic failure are discussed.

PMID- 3836705
TI  - Lack of correlation between intragastric pressure and early gastric emptying rate
      after proximal gastric vagotomy.
AB  - In order to evaluate the contribution of the impairment of the gastric
      accommodation to distension to the abnormalities of the gastric emptying of a
      liquid meal, these functions were evaluated simultaneously in 20 duodenal ulcer
      patients after proximal gastric vagotomy and in 13 non-operated duodenal ulcer
      patients. Gastric accommodation was measured by recording intragastric pressure
      during intragastric instillation of 500 ml 10% dextrose and the gastric emptying
      of this solution was measured with the double-sample test meal with phenol red as
      unabsorbable marker. The intragastric volume remaining 10 min after the 500 ml
      10% dextrose test meal was significantly (P less than 0.02) smaller in the post
      vagotomy patients (range: 60.0 to 580.0 ml; median: 320.0 ml) than in the non
      operated patients (range: 220.0 to 540.0 ml; median: 380.0 ml). There was no
      significant difference between the two groups for the half-life of the test meal
      in the stomach. Maximal intragastric pressure was significantly higher (P less
      than 0.02) in post-vagotomy patients (range: 3.3 to 14.5 mmHg; median: 8.7 mmHg)
      than in non-operated patients (range: 1.8 to 5.5 mmHg; median: 3.8 mmHg). There
      was no significant correlation between maximal intragastric pressure and volume
      remaining 10 min after the test meal or half-life values within any group. These
      results confirm other studies showing that the initial gastric emptying rate of a
      liquid meal is accelerated and the gastric accommodation to distension is
      impaired by proximal gastric vagotomy, while overall gastric emptying is not
      changed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3836706
TI  - Reduced levels of erythrocyte sorbitol dehydrogenase activity in human diabetics.
AB  - Erythrocyte sorbitol dehydrogenase activity was significantly lower for 34
      diabetic patients (mean +/- SD: 0.219 +/- 0.085 U min-1 g Hb-1) than for 27
      normal blood donors (0.34 +/- 0.094 U min-1 g Hb-1). This finding agrees with the
      previous report of low sorbitol dehydrogenase activity in the lens of diabetic
      patients but contrasts with the data of Crabbe and collaborators (M.J.C. Crabbe,
      A.B. Halder, C.O. Peckar and H. Cheng, Lancet, 2: 1268-1270, 1980) who found a
      large variation in the levels of the diabetic population and which was not
      significantly different from the normal control.

PMID- 3836707
TI  - Characteristics of spontaneously hypertensive, Wistar Kyoto and Munich Wistar
      rats bred in Brazil.
AB  - The breeding of imported strains of isogenic rats was started in 1981 because of
      the lack of experimental rat models in Brazil. The imported strains were:
      Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) and their normotensive controls Wistar
      Kyoto Rats (WKY) from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Munich
      Wistar (MW) rats which present superficial renal glomeruli, from Simonsen
      Laboratories, Gilroy, CA. Breeding of these strains was carried out without
      strict barriers (conventional breeding), under Standard Operating Procedures and
      strict inbreeding. Environmental factors such as ration, light, temperature, type
      of shavings and bedding, size of cages and their population were constant. Body
      weight growth curves were constructed for the three strains. The productivity of
      imported rats and local breeding colonies in 1981, 1982 and 1983 was compared on
      the basis of the following parameters: mean litter size, productivity of the
      females, pre- and post-weaning mortality, and effective yield. Systolic blood
      pressure was also measured for SHR and WKY rats. MW rats showed a high and
      relatively stable reproduction performance. The productivity of SHR and
      especially WKY animals declined progressively during the first three years,
      making the breeding of these strains of isogenic rats very difficult.

PMID- 3836708
TI  - Detection of IgG-bearing erythrocytes by a sensitive Staphylococcus aureus
      protein A-binding radioassay: possible usefulness for the differential diagnosis
      of connective tissue diseases.
AB  - We describe a sensitive radioassay for detecting erythrocyte-associated
      immunoglobulin employing the immunoglobulin-specific reagent Staphylococcus
      aureus protein A. The assay was used to determine the extent to which
      erythrocytes from patients with different connective tissue disease bind
      radiolabelled protein A. Increased amounts of protein A were bound by
      erythrocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or with progressive
      systemic sclerosis when compared to a control group, whereas there was no
      significant binding to erythrocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or
      with polymyositis-dermatomyositis. The assay, because of its high sensitivity and
      of the availability of the reagent in pure form, should be useful for the
      investigation of cell-bound antibodies and for the differential diagnosis of
      connective tissue diseases.

PMID- 3836710
TI  - [Function of the Fc receptor of the mononuclear phagocytic system in immune
      diseases].

PMID- 3836709
TI  - Differential changes in dopaminergic receptor sensitivity induced by agonist
      drugs.
AB  - Mice were treated acutely or chronically with apomorphine (APO) (0.1 and 1.0
      mg/kg) or L-DOPA (150 mg/kg) plus benserazide (50 mg/kg). The decrease of
      homovanillic acid (HVA) caused by APO was greater in acutely treated animals.
      After APO or L-DOPA pretreatment the animals received single doses of haloperidol
      (HALO) (1.5 mg/kg) or saline and were submitted to behavioral and biochemical
      analysis in order to determine changes in dopaminergic receptor sensitivity. When
      the acutely and chronically treated groups were compared, we found no difference
      in the cataleptogenic effect of HALO nor any difference in the effect of HALO in
      increasing brain HVA levels. The data suggest that chronic treatment with
      dopaminergic agonists leads to changes in receptor sensitivity for the agonist
      but not for the antagonist effect.

PMID- 3836711
TI  - [Aspects of the physiopathology of left cardiac insufficiency in the acute stage
      of myocardial infarct: therapeutic implications].

PMID- 3836712
TI  - Importance and role of basic research for medical research.

PMID- 3836713
TI  - [Role and importance of clinical medical research].

PMID- 3836714
TI  - The medical faculty and medical research.

PMID- 3836715
TI  - [Medical research and the academic hospital].

PMID- 3836716
TI  - Osteonecrosis of the hip and knee.

PMID- 3836717
TI  - The eye in rheumatic disease.

PMID- 3836718
TI  - Mammography and the value of screening.

PMID- 3836719
TI  - Implications of AIDS screening.

PMID- 3836720
TI  - Microsurgery of the middle ear.
AB  - Microsurgery of the middle ear has evolved over the past three decades through
      the art of the technically possible to the art of the clinically advisable.
      Stapedectomy has been refined to achieve an acceptably high level of success.
      Tympanoplasty in its simpler forms (myringoplasty +/- incus transposition) is
      very successful in the restoration of a dry hearing ear. Reconstruction in the
      absence of a mobile stapes remains an unresolved problem. The safe avoidance of
      an open cavity in cholesteatomatous disease continues to be an elusive goal.

PMID- 3836721
TI  - Microsurgery for stroke.
AB  - Stroke remains a major problem in the Western world but microneurosurgical
      procedures are applicable only to a minority of victims, namely those with
      intracranial carotid occlusion and those with aneurysms or arteriovenous
      malformations. The operating microscope has made the technical approach to these
      feasible. However, questions remain as to the validity of the extracranial
      intracranial bypass in carotid occlusion and the timing of aneurysm surgery.
      These questions tend to overshadow the technical advances following on from use
      of the operating microscope.

PMID- 3836722
TI  - Current management of choroidal malignant melanoma.
AB  - Malignant melanoma is the most frequently encountered primary intraocular
      neoplasm. Within the eye this tumour arises in the uveal tract where the choroid
      is affected more often than the iris or ciliary body. The tumour occurs typically
      in middle life and the aetiology is not known. Uveal tissue is heavily pigmented
      in all races but ocular melanoma is notably rare in negroes. There is clinical
      and pathological evidence that malignant change may take place in a choroidal
      naevus, but melanoma has arisen in eyes documented to have no pre-existing
      pigmented lesion.

PMID- 3836723
TI  - Frontal sinus abscess and secondary orbital cellulitis.
AB  - Despite modern antibiotics, frontal sinus abscess (and secondary orbital
      cellulitis) remains relatively common and potentially life-threatening. The
      declining incidence of chronic middle ear disease in the UK has made it one of
      the commonest causes of intracranial abscess. The speed with which suppuration
      can penetrate the sinus walls remains poorly understood and a research challenge.
      Management is best supervised by an ENT surgeon because the key decision is the
      timing of sinus surgery. The ENT surgeon, nevertheless, must be alert to the
      indications for consultation with neurosurgical colleagues. This paper aims to
      give an illustrated account of the clinico-pathological features and current
      management.

PMID- 3836724
TI  - Multiple personality syndrome.
AB  - Multiple personality syndrome is one of the most fascinating conditions
      encountered in psychiatric practice. Although its existence has been known for
      nearly two centuries, there is a relative sparcity of literature on this
      condition and its importance is underemphasized in psychiatric training. My
      theory is that this is a far more common condition than has been hitherto
      realized and the lack of case reports is largely a manifestation of the lack of
      awareness of diagnostic criteria.

PMID- 3836725
TI  - "Non-toxic" megacolon in Crohn's colitis.

PMID- 3836726
TI  - Investment opportunities.

PMID- 3836727
TI  - Sexual transmission of AIDS.

PMID- 3836728
TI  - Converting gays to normal.

PMID- 3836729
TI  - Monocular and binocular optic inputs to salamander pretectal neurons:
      intracellular recording and HRP labelling study.
AB  - Intracellular recordings and horseradish peroxidase injections were performed in
      the pretectum and adjacent tegmentum of Salamandra salamandra, while both optic
      nerves were electrically stimulated. In approximately half of the recorded units
      no spikes could be evoked but rather graded postsynaptic potentials. The latter
      type morphologically showed features of interneurons. From a total of 48 recorded
      units, nearly 60% were excited only by the contralateral optic nerve, whereas
      approximately 40% were binocular. For the most part (10/19) the binocular cells
      were excited by the contralateral and inhibited by the ipsilateral optic nerve.
      Fewer neurons (7/19) received excitatory inputs from both optic nerves. The
      latency distribution of the monocular cells shows a maximum of 20-30 ms. The same
      maximum exists for the contralateral inputs to the binocular cells, whereas the
      ipsilateral inputs to these units were nearly as frequent with latencies of 20-30
      and 40-50 ms. Since neurons with the short ipsilateral latencies always had parts
      of their dendrites within the ipsilateral ocular projection field, a feature
      which was lacking in the cells with long ipsilateral latencies, it is possible
      that the longer latencies are due to indirect ipsilateral inputs. Efferents of
      labelled dorsal pretectal cells reach the contralateral pretectum via the
      posterior commissure, the basal optic neuropil of the accessory optic system and
      the tegmental white substance. More ventrally located cells often reach the
      pretectal and the basal optic neuropil with their dendrites. Axons of this type
      descend to the medulla oblongata via the medial longitudinal fasciculus.

PMID- 3836730
TI  - Comparison of olfactory bulb projections in pigeons and turtles.
AB  - The projection targets of the olfactory bulb in pigeons and turtles were
      investigated using autoradiographic techniques. Despite the relatively smaller
      size of the olfactory bulbs in pigeons, the projection targets of the olfactory
      bulb are very similar to those in turtles. In both pigeons and turtles, the
      olfactory bulb projects to the entire rostrocaudal extent of a portion of the
      dorsolateral telencephalon (which is here recognized as the pyriform cortex in
      both birds and reptiles) and to portions of the medial telencephalic wall
      including the medial septal region. In addition, a projection to the olfactory
      tubercle of the ventral telencephalon is clearly present in turtles and also
      appears to be present in pigeons. Pigeons and turtles do differ significantly,
      however, in the extent of the projection to the amygdaloid region. In turtles,
      olfactory bulb input encompasses the entire mediolateral and rostrocaudal extent
      of the amygdaloid region, while in pigeons the input is restricted to a small
      dorsomedial portion of the amygdala termed nucleus taeniae of the archistriatum.
      The present results suggest that the olfactory bulb projections in birds are
      generally similar to those in reptiles, with the exception that secondary
      olfactory bulb projections to the amygdala may be much reduced in birds compared
      to those in reptiles. The functional significance of the reduction in olfactory
      input to the amygdala is presently uncertain.

PMID- 3836731
TI  - Size and shape of the cerebral cortex in mammals. I. The cortical surface.
AB  - The evolution of the brain in mammals has been accompanied by a progressive
      enlargement of the cerebral cortex. Allometric analysis of the volume, surface
      and convolutedness of this cortex shows that among mammals two major groups can
      be distinguished: (1) species with lissencephalic brains, where surface-volume
      relationships are determined by linear geometric laws, and (2) species with
      gyrencephalic brains, where strict geometric similarity no longer applies.
      Different mathematical models are required to describe the brain morphology in
      these groups. It has been shown, moreover, that among species with convoluted
      brains, marine mammals (Cetacea) form a subgroup in that the cerebrocortical
      surface in these animals is more folded than in terrestrial mammals of similar
      brain size. Thus it appears that the use of a single allometric relation in
      studying the effect of size increase on the geometry of the brain - irrespective
      of convolutedness or ecological strategy - as has been done in previous studies,
      is unjustified and obscures the differences in the structural organization of
      mammalian brains. Finally, a dimensionless index of cortical folding is proposed,
      which indicates that the degree of cortical folding depends not only on the
      volume of the brain or cortex but on cortical thickness as well.

PMID- 3836732
TI  - [Prevention of mediastinitis after cardiac surgery].

PMID- 3836733
TI  - [Maternal blood levels of bupivacaine following prolonged fractionated
      administration].

PMID- 3836734
TI  - [Caudal anesthesia in children: two-year retrospective study].
AB  - Caudal anesthesia has been used on a daily basis for two years in the Department
      of Anesthesia of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul Hospital. A retrospective study on 231
      children was done to specify the procedures, the indication and the dosage of
      local anesthetics.

PMID- 3836735
TI  - [Paramedian lumbar puncture for spinal anesthesia in the elderly].

PMID- 3836736
TI  - [Bronchopneumopathies caused by inhalation of the gastric contents].

PMID- 3836737
TI  - [Emergency surgery long after severe heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Use of low
      molecular weight heparin and vitamin K antagonists].

PMID- 3836738
TI  - [INSERM survey on anesthesia and anesthetist manpower in France].

PMID- 3836739
TI  - [The cost of anesthesia].

PMID- 3836740
TI  - [Ministerial circular of 10 October 1985, intended to improve the safety of
      anesthetized patients].

PMID- 3836741
TI  - [Epidemiology of new rotavirus diarrhea in the Hengyang District of Hunan
      Province].

PMID- 3836742
TI  - [Isolation and serological identification of the spotted fever rickettsia in Hu
      Meng, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region].

PMID- 3836743
TI  - [Characteristics of HBV serological markers and their titers in a rural
      population].

PMID- 3836744
TI  - [Survey on epidemiological factors of hypertension in different nationalities].

PMID- 3836745
TI  - [Survey on case-control in colon cancer].

PMID- 3836746
TI  - [Seroepidemiology of measles in 1428 people from a copper mine of Chengde City].

PMID- 3836747
TI  - [Analysis of the number of square meters of snail infected areas before and after
      control measures in Ji-Cheng-Yuan].

PMID- 3836748
TI  - [Single dose of 2 acute rodenticides used in a village].

PMID- 3836749
TI  - [Use of monovalent antiserum against albumin in counterimmunoelectrophoresis].

PMID- 3836750
TI  - [Effect of permanent bait boxes containing anticoagulants in rodent control on
      the trains].

PMID- 3836751
TI  - [A simple and sensitive medium for Brucella].

PMID- 3836752
TI  - [Second international French language meeting on tropical medicine. 14-16 October
      1985, Sousse (Tunisia)].

PMID- 3836753
TI  - [Epidemiology of hydatidosis in the Tunisian Sahel and central Tunisia].
AB  - Hydatidosis is very common in the Sahel and Central Tunisia. The 1984 annual
      surgical incidence rate of hydatid disease is 21.89 per one hundred thousand.
      Prevalence rates vary from 0.36 to 1.3%. Animal infestation is also common.

PMID- 3836754
TI  - [Cost of hydatidosis surgery at the Sousse University Hospital (Tunisia)].
AB  - Hydatidosis is a very common disease in Tunisia, with a great economical
      importance for the health care system. In 1983, for Sousse Hospital, the total
      cost for hydatidosis was 125,000 US $. More than half of these costs were for
      "hospital days". A more rational in the services administration would make
      decrease these costs, but the best is a special attention to primary prevention.

PMID- 3836755
TI  - [New cases of hydatidosis in Niger].
AB  - New cases of hydatidosis in the Republic of Niger. Five cases of hydatidosis
      diagnosed in the Republic of Niger are reported. All localisations are extra
      hepatic: spleen: 2, lungs: 1, mediastinum: 1, parotid gland: 1. West african
      hydatidosis is uncommon and remarkable for the predominance of extra-hepatic
      localizations.

PMID- 3836756
TI  - [Significance of antigenemia and IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE antibodies in the
      immunology of hydatid cyst. Results of immuno-enzymology. Apropos of 87 cases].
AB  - Circulation antigen and sera antibodies were measured in 122 sera obtained from
      87 patients with proved hydatic echinococcosis: the sera were obtained before and
      after surgical treatment. Circulating antigen was detected by E. L. I. S. A., and
      was present in 21% of the sera. Antibodies were present by
      conterimmunoelectrophoresis in 56%, by haemagglutination in 72%, E. L. I. S. A.
      IgG in 87%, E. L. I. S. A. IgM in 54%, E. L. I. S. A. IgA in 53%, E. L. I. S. A.
      IgE in 25% of the sera. No evident correlations between these results and the
      localisation could be found, nor with anatomical integrity of the cyst, or the
      surgical treatment date. Only the presence of IgE or circulating antigen could
      suggest the high level passage of hydatic proteins, bringing to mind a
      fissuration of the cyst wall.

PMID- 3836757
TI  - [Mebendazole treatment of echinococcosis].
AB  - Forty patients with echinococcosis were treated with mebendazole (approximately
      50 mg/kg body weight) and under observation for up to 8 years. In 8 patients, E.
      multilocularis-infection was diagnosed whereas 32 patients had liver (n = 19
      lung, n = 7) or other infestations of E. granulosus. 23 patients had been treated
      with mebendazole alone. 20 further patients received the treatment pre- and post
      operatively and in the remaining cases mebendazole was given pre- or post
      operatively according to the patients' requirements. Besides the clinical and
      laboratory findings, morphological parameters of organ infestation due to the
      parasites were examined repeatedly by x-ray, ultra sound, Ct-scan or scintigram.
      In the course of treatment we noticed that mebendazole had a certain effect in
      the case of E. multilocularis-infection and in the case of lung infestation due
      to E. granulosus. Furthermore, patients who were treated with mebendazole and who
      were under observation for several years, showed improvement of the liver cyst.
      The analysis of all morphological data available from patients with liver cysts
      indicated that marked changes had already been observed in the period of one to
      thirty months after the beginning of therapy.

PMID- 3836758
TI  - [Treatment of echinococcosis (E. granulosus) with albendazole].
AB  - Albendazole, given as a 28 day course of 800 mg/day at 15 days intervals can be
      effective in the treatment of liver and lung hydatic cysts in adults of average
      weight. On average, six courses are required to obtain a satisfactory result
      (negative serological results, decrease in volume of scanner images). The
      treatment must be monitored and should only be prescribed in case of surgical
      contraindication or refusal by the patient to undergo surgery.

PMID- 3836759
TI  - [Alveolar echinococcosis in Tunisia. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - The authors report the first two cases of Echinococcus multilocularis observed in
      Tunisia, in two patients from the North-West of the country, who never travelled
      abroad. The diagnosis was reached by histopathologic examination of a partial
      hepatectomy section. The appearance of this disease in this geographic area where
      unilocularis hydatic cyst is endemically present needs further epidemiologic
      study.

PMID- 3836760
TI  - [Abdominothoracic hydatidosis. Evaluation of 5 years' activity of the surgical
      service of the Farhat Hached de Sousse University Hospital].
AB  - The authors report a statistical study of abdominal and/or pulmonary locations of
      hydatid cyst disease operated on at Farhat Hached hospital (Sousse, Tunisia)
      during a five years period. Between January 1980 and December 1984, 465 patients
      were operated on by Pr Gharbi's staff. 255 patients had hydatid cyst disease of
      the liver. 68% of them were more than 30 years of age and 67% were females. 16%
      of these patients had obviously complicated lesions. This rate was as high in
      adults as in children less then 15 years old. The basic surgical procedure was a
      more or less extensive partial pericystectomy. The mean hospital stay in surgical
      environment was 33 days. The mortality rate in this group was 5.9% (15 deaths).
      195 patients had pulmonary hydatid cyst disease. 83% of them were less then 30
      years of age and 57% were males. The complication rate at presentation was 30%
      and was similar among adults and children less 15 years of age. Despite the fact
      that 15% of these patients have been treated by lobectomy, the basic surgical
      procedure in this group was also a more or less extensive partial pericystectomy.
      The mean hospital stay in surgical environment was 15 days and the mortality rate
      0.5% (one death). About the other locations of the disease, 7 cases of peritoneal
      ecchinococcosis were recorded. The youngest patient was 15 years old. The
      interventions necessitated by the whole of these locations represented no less
      than 8.65% of the surgical procedures performed in our service.

PMID- 3836761
TI  - [Open hydatid cysts in the digestive tract. Apropos of 3 cases].

PMID- 3836762
TI  - [Analysis of schistosome/molluscan vector compatibility].
AB  - The compatibility between Schistosomes and Molluscs cannot be accurately analysed
      by a single method. When a given host-parasite pairing is studied, it is
      necessary to test separately the performance of the parasite against the Mollusc,
      the performance of the defense mechanisms of the host and the performance of the
      host-parasite system when producing cercariae. In addition, the usual laboratory
      "strains" are not suitable for population genetics studies because of the
      impoverishment of the gene-pool.

PMID- 3836763
TI  - Some epidemiological consequences of the evolutionary fit between Leishmaniae and
      their phlebotomine vectors.
AB  - There is a more or less close fit between Leishmania species and their vectors
      with the proven vector of one parasite often unable to support the full
      development of another. This fit is presumably a result of coevolution of vector
      and parasite and it is notable that, if a Leishmania has different invertebrate
      hosts in different parts of its range, the vectors are often closely related. The
      epidemiological consequences of this restriction are, firstly, that the spread of
      the cutaneous leishmaniases of the Old World and, to a lesser degree, that of
      visceral leishmaniasis is restricted by the distribution of suitable vectors and,
      secondly, that secondary vectors are of less importance on the epidemiology of
      the leishmaniases than they are in malaria.

PMID- 3836764
TI  - [New data on the transmission of filariae].
AB  - This paper summarizes research of the past several years on two phases of
      filarial transmission: the ingestion of microfilariae by the vector and the
      regulation of the percentage of successful parasites by the vector. Experiments
      involved several different models for study: injection of inert particles into
      the bloodstream of a rodent and their subsequent ingestion by a vector; ingestion
      of gametocytes of different ages by vectors of a rodent malaria; and a monkey
      simultaneously infected with four different species of filariae. This has led to
      the idea that there exist two categories of microfilariae: those blood-borne
      microfilariae which cannot enter capillaries and those microfilariae which are
      said to be "dermic" but in fact live trapped in capillaries and are only taken up
      through the suction applied by vectors during their feeding. Thus, the lesions of
      onchocerciasis are caused by microfilariae accidentally leaving the capillaries
      and entering the surrounding tissues. Passage through the stomach wall of a
      vector by microfilariae is the essential stage in regulating the percentage of
      successful parasites: the phenomena of facilitation or limitation. Two examples
      of limitation are given. In the model--Onchocerca volvulus-Simulium sirbanum--the
      thickness of the peritrophic membrane which traps microfilariae is determined by
      the number of microfilariae ingested; the greater the number ingested the thicker
      is the membrane. In the model--Molinema dessetae-Aedes aegypti--the lytic
      reactions of individual digestive cells which are provoked by attacking
      microfilariae occur only in heavily infected mosquitoes. The "immunity" of the
      arthropod vector seems to take a number of forms which are distinctly different
      from those of vertebrates.

PMID- 3836765
TI  - [Arbovirus-vector relations].
AB  - The arbovirus-vector relationships result from several successive phenomena:
      infection of the vector, replication and dissemination of the virus inside the
      arthropod, transmission to the vertebrate. We propose to call "competency" the
      entirety of these relationships particular to specific viral and arthropod
      populations, the adaptation of which it characterizes. By "vectorial capacity",
      we must designate the competency and the effect exerted on it by environmental
      factors.

PMID- 3836766
TI  - [Toxoplasmosis in the African tropical zone. Preliminary studies].
AB  - Toxoplasmosis in Tropical African area was not subject to many publications but
      the results indicate that toxoplasmosis may influence the health of the
      populations. We present prevalence studies carried out in the Central African
      Republic, Mali, Niger, Burkina-Faso, Togo to find toxoplasma-antibodies by
      Agglutination of Latex. For adults the lower percentage was found in the North
      Central African Republic villages (40%) and the higher in Mali (nearly 70%).
      These high percentages justify a larger epidemiological study in Tropical Africa.

PMID- 3836767
TI  - [Toxoplasmosis in Japan. Comparative study of different regions].
AB  - Specificities of Japan by geography, culture, and low incidence for Toxoplasmosis
      were examined in this epidemiological study. 1 731 human sera were examined by
      several immunological tests but these results are related with Agglutination
      Latex test. The sera came from North (Hokkaido), Middle (Tokyo area) and South
      (Okinawa). The ratio for the whole Japan towards Toxoplasmosis is 24.7% but the
      increase of antibodies with age is late: rate of positivity 4.6% up to 17 years
      old and nearly 30% after 30 years old. Cats, business, climate do not seem to
      influence the human infection. It is consumption of meat and particularly raw
      meat which influence the results: 40.8% positive results among eaters of raw meat
      and 22% among those not eating meat or eating it well cooked.

PMID- 3836768
TI  - [Seroepidemiologic study of toxoplasmosis in the school population of Sousse].
AB  - To obtain basic epidemiological data about toxoplasmosis in our area, we
      undertook a serological investigation of the female school population of Sousse
      City. 33% of the students in college (mean age: 17.8 years) are seronegatives.
      Social economic status seems not to be important for the risk of infection. The
      more important source of contamination may be the soil.

PMID- 3836769
TI  - [A proposed protocol for prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis adaptable in a
      tropical zone].
AB  - In Toulouse, various epidemiological works and biological results regarding
      toxoplasma infection permitted us to study immunity in pregnant women. 66 to 70%
      are immunized. Incidence of acquired toxoplasmosis is 1 to 2 for 1,000
      pregnancies. Carefully planned, regionalized programs with obstetricians and
      pediatricians are realized to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis. Epidemiological
      studies may be realized to estimate the prevalence and the incidence of
      congenital toxoplasmosis before such programs can be recommended on a national
      scale in tropical area.

PMID- 3836770
TI  - [Effect of pyrimethamine sulfadoxine (Fansidar) on an avirulent cystogenic strain
      of Toxoplasma gondii (Prugniaud strain) in white mice].

PMID- 3836771
TI  - [Shadows and lights of malaria prevention in Africa].
AB  - According to the statistics provided by the World Health Organization in 1984,
      some 6.5 million cases of malaria were notified in 1982, an improvement in
      comparison with 1981, when the number of cases was 7.8 million. But these figures
      are incomplete and statistical data from sub-Saharan Africa are not included in
      the total. Out of the population of the world (in 1982) of 4,600 million about
      2,100 million live in areas where malaria had never occurred or where indigenous
      malaria had disappeared. Some 2,100 million people live in areas where specific
      measures have greatly decreased the incidence of malaria. However, about 370
      millions live in areas where no antimalaria activities took place, with the
      exception of some urban centres. On the African continent in countries north of
      the Sahara, out of the population of 100 million about 75 million are in areas,
      which were malarious 20 years ago, but today the amount of disease has been
      drastically reduced. The number of cases notified was 561 in 1982, against 482 in
      1981, and most of them had been imported from tropical Africa. In Africa south of
      the Sahara out of 400 millions at least 350 million people live in malarious
      areas, where the prevalence of the disease has not changed for many years. The
      number of clinical cases of malaria has been estimated as between 70 and 100
      million, with a mortality of about 1 million among small children.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3836772
TI  - [Malarial problems and the trans-Saharan highway].
AB  - In Maghreb, malaria eradication is near. In particular, no indigenous strains of
      P. falciparum have been found for ten years. The few remaining cases of malaria
      are of P. vivax. In the Sahelian area, on the other hand, malaria eradication
      failed with P. falciparum and the efficient vector A. gambiae (s.l.). Until now,
      the Sahara desert separated these two areas. With construction of a trans-saharan
      highway, the situation is very different. Now, tropical malaria circulates in
      Maghreb and Sahara oases in the same way as vectors. However, it seems that local
      vectors in Maghreb (A. labranchiae) and in Sahara (A. multicolor et A. sergenti)
      are not efficient vectors for tropical strain of P. falciparum. These
      observations must be confirmed because there are probably different anopheles
      populations with different vectorial capacity in the same anopheles species and
      different plasmodial strains with different infective capacity in the same
      plasmodial species. Meanwhile a dangerous potential situation exists, the
      temporary or permanent colonization of some stations in Sahara, in Maghreb (?) by
      A. gambiae the efficient vector of tropical strains of P. falciparum. From now
      on, important efforts of Prevention and Control for vectors and malaria must be
      developed with large intensity in Saharan oases and in Maghreb.

PMID- 3836773
TI  - [Surveillance of malaria in the Algerian Sahara].

PMID- 3836774
TI  - [Recent data on hemorrhagic fevers in West Africa].
AB  - Among the viruses which can provoke human haemorrhagic fevers, the Congo-Crimean
      Haemorrhagic Fever and Rift Valley Fever viruses have been discovered relatively
      recently in West Africa. Two human cases of severe haemorrhagic fever have been
      connected with Congo-CHF, in Mauritania and Burkina-Faso. The epidemiological
      enquiry performed in Mauritania, consequent to the appearance of the first case,
      has demonstrated that the patient had been contaminated by contact with camels.
      Twelve strains of Congo-CHF virus have been isolated from ticks taken on bovines
      and dromedaries in that area. The serological enquiries realized on man show that
      the incidence is relatively feeble; on the other hand, among animals, one finds a
      large distribution among small ruminants in Mauritania as well as in Senegal. The
      recent realization of a complete identity between the Zinga and Rift Valley Fever
      viruses has broadened the geographical distribution of this virus to the whole of
      inter-tropical Africa including Madagascar. The serological enquiries realized
      among men and animals in areas where the virus has been isolated from wild
      vectors show that the presence of antibodies is faintly superior. On the other
      hand, in southern Mauritania, the virus prevails among men, who get antibodies of
      the IGM type, which proves a recent circulation. The immunological enquiries on
      camels seem to corroborate these data. The Rift Valley Fever epidemic which broke
      out in 1978 among the human and animal populations of Egypt has, apparently, been
      connected with the passage of camels coming from Sudan through the intermediary
      halting-place of the Assuan dam.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3836775
TI  - [Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B in an infant population in central Tunisia].

PMID- 3836776
TI  - [Prevalence of markers of viral hepatitis B in northern Cameroon].
AB  - The authors report the results of a sample survey made in January 1985 in a
      Northern Cameroon Division following the observation of a very high mortality
      rate by serious jaundice in 1983 and 1984. Within a representative population
      sample of 395 persons of more than 4 years old, they observed that: 100 were HBs
      antigen carriers (detected by ELISA), 25.3% +/- 5.5%, 19 were HBe antigen
      carriers (RIA), 4.8% +/- 2.4%, and 202 were HBs antigen or HBs antibody carriers:
      51.1% +/- 6.5%, There was only one carrier of delta antigen. There is no
      difference in HBs antigen bearing according to sex or age, but HBe antigen
      appears to be more frequent among young people.

PMID- 3836778
TI  - [Campylobacter in acute diarrhea of infants].
AB  - Investigation of C. jejuni, C. coli has been realised on 280 babies in Tunis, 123
      of them do not present any diarrhea. The global frequency of campylobacter
      isolated is 4.64%. Concerning babies with diarrhea, the frequency is 4.45%,
      whereas it is 4.86% in the group without diarrhea. A similar frequency of C.
      jejuni and C. coli appears in the two groups.

PMID- 3836777
TI  - [Practical use and interpretation of viral hepatitis B markers and hepatic biopsy
      in HBs Ag carriers and at the chronic hepatitis stage].
AB  - Practical significance of serologic markers for hepatitis B virus and
      interpretation according to clinical stage and liver biopsy pattern in HBs Ag
      positive patients with or without chronic liver disease. Vidarabine is the
      treatment of choice actually available for patients with chronic persistent or
      chronic active hepatitis who demonstrate active replication of the virus. The
      authors review the technics actually necessary: to diagnose chronic hepatitis, to
      screen for hepatitis B virus, to demonstrate active replication of the virus.
      They report that these actually routine technics can be available in any
      biochemistry or pathology laboratory including those in tropical areas.

PMID- 3836779
TI  - [Evaluation of vermifuges].

PMID- 3836780
TI  - [Treatment of acute pneumopathies in a tropical zone].
AB  - This treatment must take into account the high frequency of Streptococcus
      pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae which represent over 50% of causes of all
      bacterial pneumopathies, up to 75% in children under 2 years old. Benzyl
      penicillin and injectable delayed action penicillin are drugs of choice and early
      utilisation reduces considerably the mortality. Other possible antibiotics are
      macrolides because of their wide range of efficacy and low toxicity, and
      chloramphenicol which is still one of the best drugs against penicillin-resistant
      Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID- 3836781
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of prophylactic doses of chloroquine in 10 healthy volunteers.
      Preliminary results].

PMID- 3836782
TI  - [Activity of Anti-Yellow Fever Vaccination Centers].

PMID- 3836783
TI  - [Atlas of the anatomy of the head in the neuro-ocular plane: presentation].

PMID- 3836784
TI  - [An etiology of anterior segment diseases not to be ignored: leprosy].

PMID- 3836785
TI  - [Indications, technic and results of the use of SF6 with vitrectomy in the
      treatment of retinal detachment].

PMID- 3836786
TI  - [Treatment of noninfectious posterior uveitis with a new immunomodulator,
      cyclosporin A: initial results].

PMID- 3836787
TI  - [Comparison of several visual parameters after a year of work at terminal
      screens].

PMID- 3836788
TI  - [IgE and conjunctival allergy. Comments based on the 1st 1380 assays].

PMID- 3836789
TI  - [Dyslexia, a disorder of visual neurophysiology].

PMID- 3836790
TI  - [New apparatuses for campimetric retinography].

PMID- 3836791
TI  - [Retinoblastoma with multiple metastases. Apropos of a case with unexpected
      remission].

PMID- 3836792
TI  - [Trilateral retinoblastoma].

PMID- 3836793
TI  - [Retinal changes in 2 patients after orbital irradiation].

PMID- 3836794
TI  - [Acute bird-shot chorioretinal ischemia].

PMID- 3836795
TI  - [Unusual aspect of vitreous posterior detachment].

PMID- 3836797
TI  - [The triangle of colors X-Y-Z: authentic or deceptive?].

PMID- 3836796
TI  - [Fuchs' syndrome and cicatrix of toxoplasma chorioretinitis. Pathogenetic
      discussion].

PMID- 3836798
TI  - [Serous detachment of the retina and congenital malformations of the papilla.
      Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3836799
TI  - [Use of the technic of air-serum exchange after vitrectomy in the surgical
      treatment of retinal detachment].

PMID- 3836800
TI  - [Bilateral diffuse retinal arteritis with multiple ectasias].

PMID- 3836801
TI  - [Surgery of the adrenal glands. Apropos of 179 cases].

PMID- 3836802
TI  - [Kaposi-Perrin sarcoma. An uncommon diagnosis in tumor of the rectum].

PMID- 3836803
TI  - [Surgical treatment of stenoses of the celiac trunk caused by the arcuate
      ligament of the diaphragm. Long-term results].

PMID- 3836804
TI  - [Bronchoesophageal fistula, 1st sign of Hodgkin's disease. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3836805
TI  - [From day hospitalization to strictly ambulatory care in surgery of the hand.
      Apropos of 10 years' experience].

PMID- 3836806
TI  - [Acromioplasty].

PMID- 3836808
TI  - [Surgery of the adrenal glands].

PMID- 3836807
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma. Apropos of 27 cases in Vaud Canton from 1926 to 1985].

PMID- 3836809
TI  - Photoperiodism, melatonin and the pineal.

PMID- 3836810
TI  - Photoperiodism, melatonin and the pineal: it's only a question of time.

PMID- 3836811
TI  - Generation of melatonin rhythms.
AB  - In mammals, information about the environmental photoperiod is relayed from the
      retina to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the anterior hypothalamus and via
      the sympathetic nervous system to the pineal gland where it influences the
      secretion of melatonin. Light plays a dual role: to suppress the release of
      melatonin and to entrain the circadian rhythm generators in the SCN, which govern
      the endogenous melatonin rhythm. Under normal daily light-dark cycles melatonin
      secretion is confined to the dark period. In most photoperiodic species the daily
      pattern of secretion changes in response to changes in daylength, and this acts
      as a physiological time cue in the brain for the control of seasonal cycles in
      reproduction, moulting and other processes. To illustrate the underlying
      mechanisms that control the melatonin rhythm, results are presented from five
      experiments in which the blood plasma concentrations of melatonin were measured
      in Soay rams exposed to a variety of artificial changes in photoperiod including
      a switch from 16L:8D (16 h light:8 h dark) or 8L:16D to constant darkness, a
      switch from constant darkness to 1L:23D and a switch from 16L:8D to a 25 h or 23
      h light-dark cycle. The results confirm that the melatonin rhythm is generated
      endogenously and will free-run under constant darkness with a period close to 24
      h for at least 10 days. The rhythm can be entrained by exposure to IL:23D with
      the end of the light period acting as the 'melatonin-on' signal, and phase-shifts
      in the melatonin rhythm can be induced by phase-shifts in the light-dark cycle.
      The period for which melatonin concentrations are high each day (melatonin peak)
      also varies in duration under the different photoperiods, as a result of both the
      suppressive and the entraining effects of light. Two models explaining the
      control of melatonin peak duration are discussed.

PMID- 3836812
TI  - The role of rhythms in the response to melatonin.
AB  - Rhythmicity of melatonin secretion is critical to the regulation of mammalian
      reproduction by daylength. In the ewe, photoperiod determines ovarian function by
      modulating the ability of oestradiol to suppress pituitary secretion of
      luteinizing hormone (LH). This influence of daylength depends in turn upon the
      pineal gland, which mediates photic control of the frequency at which the brain
      stimulates the pituitary to secrete gonadotropin. Photoperiod determines the
      pattern of melatonin secretion, most notably setting the duration of the nightly
      elevation in serum concentrations. Replacement of melatonin in pinealectomized
      ewes drives responsiveness to oestradiol negative feedback; LH levels are
      determined by the duration of the nightly melatonin infusion rather than by the
      photoperiod to which ovariectomized, oestradiol-implanted pinealectomized ewes
      are exposed. Refractoriness to stimulatory and inhibitory photoperiods may
      reflect circannual modulation of the responsiveness of neuroendocrine mechanisms
      to melatonin signals of a given duration.

PMID- 3836813
TI  - Role of the pineal gland in the photoperiodic control of reproductive and non
      reproductive functions in mink (Mustela vison).
AB  - Mink are long-lived mammals that exhibit seasonal changes in body weight, gonadal
      activity, pelage and plasma prolactin levels. Mating in February-March is
      followed by an obligatory delay in implantation during which the corpora lutea
      stay quiescent. All these events are controlled by annual variations in
      daylength. The role of the pineal gland and its product, melatonin, in conveying
      photic information to the target organs has been studied. Pineal denervation by
      bilateral ablation of the cervical superior ganglia rendered the mink
      unresponsive to artificial manipulations of the daily photoperiod: prolactin and
      progesterone secretion and the spring moult were no longer stimulated by long
      days or inhibited by short days in pregnant females; in the same way the increase
      in body weight in late summer and the autumn moult were no longer advanced by
      artificial shortening of the photoperiod. Pinealectomy seemed to desynchronize
      body weight, prolactin and moulting cycles from those in intact mink. Melatonin
      injections reproduced the effects of short days on hormonal secretion during the
      delayed implantation period. Melatonin capsules given to males during the phase
      of testicular activity delayed the decrease in body weight, testicular regression
      and onset of the spring moult exactly as did short days. In contrast, melatonin
      administered during the phase of testicular inactivity triggered an increase in
      body weight, the onset of the spring moult and testicular recrudescence in this
      short-day breeder. These results support the hypothesis that in mink all
      photoperiodic signals are conveyed by the pineal gland. But although the pineal
      seems essential for the seasonal timing of the cycles, it does not modify the
      events themselves once they are initiated.

PMID- 3836814
TI  - Melatonin administration: effects on rodent circadian rhythms.
AB  - Previous research has demonstrated a lack of effect of pinealectomy upon the
      generation of rodent circadian activity rhythms and only a subtle effect upon
      their reentrainment after phase-shifts of the light-dark cycle. In contrast, our
      pharmacological studies on melatonin indicate that the pineal gland may be more
      important than hitherto believed. The main outcome of a preliminary pilot
      experiment on the effect of daily injections of melatonin, arginine vasotocin,
      melanocyte-stimulating hormone and a beta-blocker on rat free-running activity
      rhythms in constant darkness was that melatonin appeared to have entrainment
      properties. This was clearly demonstrated in a second experiment although
      entrainment did not occur until the onset of the activity rhythm coincided with
      the daily injection. In contrast, when melatonin was administered ad lib, in the
      drinking water to six rats housed in constant dim light, there was apparently a
      lengthening of the free-running period. The effects of 17 days of melatonin
      injections given at four different times of day to different groups of rats on re
      entrainment of activity rhythms after a 5 h phase-advance of darkness were
      assessed. Results were confounded by the response of some control rats. However,
      after an 8 h advance of darkness and daily injection at the time of day of the
      previous dark onset, melatonin-injected rats phase-advanced, whereas vehicle
      injected and uninjected control rats phase-delayed. Thus melatonin can alter the
      direction, but not necessarily the rate, of re-entrainment. The relevance of some
      of these findings with pharmacological doses of melatonin to the function of
      endogenous melatonin is discussed.

PMID- 3836815
TI  - Circadian rhythms and photoperiodism.
AB  - The circadian timing system plays a critical role in the regulation of seasonal
      modifications in reproductive function. By detecting and transducing changes in
      the day-length (photoperiod), the neural substrates of the circadian system,
      including the supra-chiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus, trigger reproductive
      activity or quiescence at the appropriate seasons of the year in photoperiodic
      species. The circadian system also plays a role in the expression of endocrine
      changes that occur with seasonal breeding. Surges in luteinizing hormone
      secretion in female hamsters, for example, are either expressed daily during
      reproductive quiescence or suppressed on three out of the four days of the cycle
      during the breeding season. By such mechanisms a daily timer can be used in the
      regulation of cyclic events of much longer period.

PMID- 3836816
TI  - Melatonin, light and chronobiological disorders.
AB  - Human plasma melatonin concentrations can be measured accurately and sensitively
      by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. With this
      assay, we have shown that: in rats and in humans, plasma melatonin is exclusively
      derived from the pineal gland; propranolol and clonidine reduce melatonin levels
      in human; some blind people appear to have free-running melatonin secretory
      circadian rhythms; bright light can acutely suppress human melatonin production
      according to a linear fluence-response relationship; manic-depressive patients
      appear to be supersensitive to light, even when they are well; melatonin levels
      are greater in manic patients than in depressed patients; in experiments to test
      the clock-gate model and the hypothesized phase-response curve, two different
      effects of light appear to present in humans: an acute suppressant effect (mainly
      in the evening during long photoperiods) and an entrainment effect (particularly
      during the morning but also in the evening). When blood is sampled for measuring
      melatonin levels as a marker for circadian phase position, bright light should be
      avoided after 5 p.m. (the dim light melatonin onset). Bright-light exposure in
      the morning appears to advance circadian rhythms, whereas bright-light exposure
      in the evening appears to delay them. Once a patient has been 'phase typed'
      (phase-advanced vs. phase-delayed), predictions can be made about whether morning
      or evening light would be more effective in treating the sleep or mood disorder.

PMID- 3836817
TI  - Melatonin and affective disorders.
AB  - The pineal hormone melatonin has a clear 24 h rhythm with a nocturnal peak. Serum
      melatonin concentrations have been reported to be decreased in subgroups of
      patients with affective disorders. When clusters of clinical items were
      correlated with the maximal nocturnal melatonin levels, significant negative
      regressions were found for items interpreted as retardation symptoms, especially
      those related to emotional or conative functions. These results point to the
      possibility of a 'low melatonin syndrome' in depression, characterized by low
      nocturnal serum levels of melatonin, an abnormal dexamethasone suppression test,
      a disturbed 24 h rhythm in cortisol levels and a less pronounced daily and annual
      cyclic variation in depressive symptomatology. Healthy persons show a rebound
      increase of nocturnal serum melatonin levels following evening suppression by
      bright light. One hour of the same light exposure did not alter the nocturnal
      melatonin levels in patients with major depressive disorders. This indicates a
      possible alteration in the pineal response to environmental lighting in depressed
      patients. The studies reported support the hypothesis of a decreased pineal
      function in some types of affective disorders.

PMID- 3836818
TI  - Some effects of melatonin and the control of its secretion in humans.
AB  - Whether or not the pineal gland has a significant physiological role in humans is
      not known. There has nevertheless been speculation about the potential
      therapeutic use of melatonin (in view of its hypnotic and possible zeitgeber
      properties) in conditions such as insomnia and jet lag, and in shift-workers. Our
      work concerns the effects of melatonin administration in humans and the
      interactions between melatonin and other circadian variables. Chronic (one
      month), timed (1700 h), low-dose (2 mg daily) melatonin administration to normal
      subjects without environmental control consistently increased evening fatigue and
      slightly modified the 24 h prolactin rhythm without effect on cortisol, growth
      hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroxine, testosterone or self-rated mood. In five
      out of 11 subjects the endogenous melatonin rhythm was advanced by one to three
      hours. During fractional desynchronization of circadian rhythms by increasing
      imposed 'day' length (26-29 h, 24 days, 500 lux), 5 mg melatonin per os at lights
      out in two subjects resulted in better entrainment of the fatigue rhythm to the
      zeitgeber than in five out of six control subjects, without major consistent
      effects on other measured circadian variables. Using a new radioimmunoassay for 6
      hydroxymelatonin sulphate (aMT6s), the major melatonin metabolite, we have shown
      that the urinary aMT6s rhythm is closely correlated to that of melatonin in
      plasma and is completely suppressed by an acute dose of atenolol (100 mg per os),
      a peripheral beta-adrenergic antagonist. During fractional desynchronization by
      increasing imposed 'day' length in one subject and decreasing imposed 'day'
      length in two subjects, the urinary aMT6s rhythm behaved similarly to that of
      core temperature. The results suggest that fatigue (or alertness) may be
      entrained by melatonin, but whether critical performance rhythms can be suitably
      manipulated remains to be clarified. It is likely that melatonin production is
      linked to the so-called 'strong' circadian oscillator.

PMID- 3836819
TI  - Eyes--the second (and third) pineal glands?
AB  - The pineal gland, the retinas and perhaps other tissues as well may in some
      species produce melatonin that appears in significant quantities in the
      circulation. In at least one species, Japanese quail, the circadian rhythm in the
      levels of circulating melatonin reflects contributions from both the pineal and
      the retinas; in other species circulating melatonin may come exclusively from the
      pineal or perhaps only from the eyes. Comparative behavioural and physiological
      data from several bird and lizard species indicate that retinas and pineal glands
      fulfil similar endocrine roles. Current evidence suggests that in iguanid lizards
      either retinas or pineal glands, but not both in the same species, have important
      regulatory influences on circadian organization. This suggests that it should be
      relatively easy to influence the melatonin-forming ability of a tissue by natural
      selection, an interpretation bolstered by our finding that the ability to
      synthesize melatonin has been inadvertently eliminated in the pineal glands of
      laboratory mice, presumably by the selection involved in producing inbred
      strains. The genetics of melatonin synthesis in mice is briefly discussed.

PMID- 3836820
TI  - Mammalian pinealocytes: ultrastructural aspects and innervation.
AB  - In the mammalian pineal gland it is notoriously difficult to relate structure to
      function. The pineal-specific cells, the pinealocytes, contain only inconspicuous
      numbers of secretory granules, and the variable amounts of smooth and rough
      endoplasmic reticulum also do not point to a particular function. In addition to
      these widely known cellular components, pinealocytes contain organelles, the so
      called 'synaptic' ribbons, histophysiological studies of which provide important
      insights into the structural and functional complexity of the organ. As synaptic
      ribbons may be involved in neuronal functions of pinealocytes it is notable that
      these organelles are structurally heterogeneous. Ribbons fall into at least two
      categories: rod-like (RSR) and sphere-like (SS) structures. RSR and SS usually do
      not lie within the same pinealocyte profile and appear to be regulated by
      different mechanisms. It is conceivable that they are important components of the
      biological clock system. These findings are related to our knowledge of the
      innervation of the mammalian pineal gland and to electrophysiological
      characteristics of pinealocytes.

PMID- 3836821
TI  - Photoperiodism in birds.
AB  - Birds show a circadian rhythm in melatonin secretion and, as expected, the
      pattern of output changes with photoperiod. Somewhat surprisingly then, in view
      of the mechanisms in mammals, birds do not seem to use this seasonal message in
      the photoperiodic control of reproduction. Some further experiments are needed,
      however, because in birds the pineal gland is not the only source of melatonin.
      Another difference from mammals is that birds detect the photoperiodic light not
      with the retina but by brain photoreceptors, which probably lie in the
      hypothalamus. An action spectrum for these receptors has now been obtained for
      the quail and this shows a peak absorption at 492 nm, suggesting that the
      photoreceptor is rhodopsin-based. The sensitivity of the brain receptors to 500
      nm light was calculated at 2 X 10(4) photons mm-2s-1. For light to induce the
      photoperiodic response it must be interpreted by the bird's clock as a long day.
      This happens if the light falls 12-20 h after dawn and coincides with a rhythm of
      photosensitivity. The subsequent neuroendocrine response to the light signal is
      both precise and relatively long-term. A single 4 h light pulse initiates a wave
      of gonadotropin secretion lasting for 10 days. The light stimulus can be replaced
      by a brief (2 min) daily electrical stimulus given to the hypothalamus 10-12 h
      after dawn. Over the next few years it should be possible to disentangle further
      the neural processes involved.

PMID- 3836822
TI  - [Myasthenia gravis--clinical and laboratory analysis of 120 cases].

PMID- 3836823
TI  - [Double antibody immunoprecipitation assay of serum acetylcholine receptor
      antibody in patients with myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 3836824
TI  - [Serum pyruvate kinase (PK) in the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases].

PMID- 3836825
TI  - [Preliminary study of serum enzymology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy].

PMID- 3836826
TI  - [Crises in myasthenia gravis--a clinical analysis of 26 cases].

PMID- 3836827
TI  - [Relation between congenital myotonia and myotonic dystrophy].

PMID- 3836828
TI  - [Phenomenon of the route of sensation propagation and the cerebral cortex].

PMID- 3836829
TI  - [A long-term follow-up study on 35 cases of affective psychosis].

PMID- 3836830
TI  - [Heterogeneity of manic-depressive psychosis of early and late-onset].

PMID- 3836831
TI  - [Schizophrenic symptoms and affective disorders].

PMID- 3836832
TI  - [Preliminary results in the trial use of two diagnostic illness criteria for
      schizophrenia].

PMID- 3836833
TI  - [Problems on the criteria of the course of diseases in the diagnosis of
      schizophrenia].

PMID- 3836834
TI  - [Multi-dimensional and multi-axial diagnosis viewed in using the classification
      and diagnostic criteria of mental diseases].

PMID- 3836835
TI  - [Hyperkinetic syndrome in children: clinical and neuropsychological study of 814
      cases].

PMID- 3836836
TI  - [The diagnostic significance of the determination of SIgA in the sputum and
      saliva in lung cancer].

PMID- 3836837
TI  - [Observation of the human basophil degranulation test in asthmatic patients].

PMID- 3836838
TI  - [Inspiratory mouth occlusion pressure and ventilatory chemoresponsiveness in
      asthma].

PMID- 3836839
TI  - [An approach to the criteria of the roentgenological diagnosis of chronic cor
      pulmonale: an analysis of 83 cases].

PMID- 3836840
TI  - [The influence of inspiring 30 per cent oxygen on expiratory flow and cyclic
      nucleotides of the plasma in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease with hypoxemia].

PMID- 3836841
TI  - [The clinical evaluation of FEV1% in COPD patients].

PMID- 3836842
TI  - [Therapeutic observations on 232 cases of intrathoracic lymph node tuberculosis
      in children].

PMID- 3836843
TI  - [Radioimmunoassay of the antitumor drug--methotrexate (MTX)].
AB  - The specific efficient anti-MTX antibody was obtained from the rabbits immunized
      with an artificial antigen produced by condensing MTX and bovine serum albumin in
      water-soluble carbodi-imide. The affinity constant (Ka) of the antibody is 1.8 X
      10(9) L/mol. The rapid, sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay was developed
      with the tritium-labeled MTX as the tracer and the dextran-coated charcoal as the
      separating reagent. The concentration of MTX was measured within 1.5 hours and
      the lowest detectable level was 0.1 ng using only 10 microliter of serum or other
      biological fluids. Folic acid and its derivatives, hormones and other
      chemotherapy drugs have no influence on this assay. The method has an acceptable
      accuracy and precision: the recovery is 96.5%; the coefficients of variation (CV)
      within and between assay are 8% and 14%. The method is successful for the monitor
      of the MTX concentration in patient's plasma and study of its metabolism and
      pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 3836844
TI  - [Clinical and pathological characteristics of estrogen receptor-positive breast
      cancer].
AB  - Estrogen receptor (ER) was measured in 275 samples from 170 patients with breast
      cancer by dextran-coated charcoal assay. The results showed that the ER positive
      rate was 51.2%. The ER status of female patients was not related to age or
      menopause. The positive rate was lowest in AB blood type. The distribution of
      positive patients in all types was similar to that reported by Japanese authors.
      The DNA levels of ER positive cancers were relatively lower than those of
      negative ones. Pathological examination of cancer tissue indicated that ER
      positive cancer is well differentiated. The 3 year disease-free rate and 4 year
      survival rate are both high in ER positive patients than that in the negative
      patients. Knowledge of ER status is helpful in planning the treatment of breast
      cancer.

PMID- 3836845
TI  - [Effect of cyclophosphamide on the bone marrow hematopoiesis in the mouse].
AB  - This paper reports the effect of cyclophosphamide on the bone marrow
      hematopoiesis in the mouse. Cyclophosphamide 0.12 mg/g body weight was injected
      into the mice once and the observation lasted for 2 weeks. After the injection,
      peripheral leukocytes were reduced to the lowest level on day 4 and then
      increased higher than the control on day 7 to 14. The number of nucleated cell in
      the bone marrow was the lowest at the 48th hour and gradually became normal
      within two weeks. The pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells--CFU-S (colony forming
      unit-spleen) were depleted abruptly in 24 hours, then reproliferated
      exponentially to a peak on day 3, followed by a second decrease and came back to
      normal level on day 11 to 14. The changes of granulocytic progenitor cell CFU-D
      (colony forming unit-diffusion chamber) and CFU-C (colony forming unit-culture)
      were quite similar to that of CFU-S but their proliferation peak was on day 4.
      The peripheral leukocyte drop was slower and the return to normal was earlier
      than the hemopoietic cells. So the recovery of leukocyte count does not mean a
      real reconstruction of hematopoiesis. The bone marrow stroma observed by CFU-F
      (colony forming unit-fibroblastoid) assay and marrow microcirculation were also
      damaged and did not recover to normal during the observation. The bone marrow
      stroma and microcirculation showed a more serious damage.

PMID- 3836846
TI  - [Malignant transformation of mouse bone marrow cells induced in vitro by 60Co
      gamma-ray irradiation].
AB  - Mouse bone marrow cells were irradiated in vitro with 300, 200 and 100 rad of
      60Co gamma-ray. Morphological transformation ensued from day 42 after exposure,
      but only in cells receiving 300 rad. Malignant transformation appeared in the 2nd
      generation in the subcultures. Some biological characteristics of malignant
      transformation were observed as follows: The attaching rate was 40.0%. Malignant
      transformation rate was 0.10-0.45%; Some colonies and clusters were formed in the
      semi-solid agar medium; There was no cell proliferation or colony formation in
      anti-ouabain inhibition test which implies that no mutation took place in the
      malignant transformation cells; Cytochalasin B rendered the cells to form a large
      number of multinuclear cells; Obvious chromosome aberration in number and
      structure was observed; Subsequent induction of fibrosarcomas in sites of
      subcutaneous inoculation of the malignant transformed cells in immunosuppressed
      mice. The results show that mouse bone marrow mesenchymal cells can undergo
      malignant transformation by large dose of gamma-ray irradiation in vitro.
      Criteria of malignant transformation: some clusters of cells formed in the semi
      solid agar medium, multinuclear cell formation by action of cytochalasin B, and
      tumor mass induced in the location of inoculation.

PMID- 3836847
TI  - [Clinical and pathologic staging in 100 cases of laryngeal cancer].
AB  - A retrospective histopathologic study of 100 specimens of laryngeal cancer
      treated by laryngectomy were carried out to test the accuracy of the clinical
      staging. The findings indicated that the inaccuracy rate of the preoperative
      staging was 46%, supraglottic type 46.7%, glottic 21.1%, subglottic 50% and
      transglottic 70.6%. Forty five cases were understaged and one overstaged. The
      erroneous staging was resulted from the under-estimation of the depth of tumor
      invasion, such as the invasion of the laryngeal framework, preepiglottic space,
      anterior commissural area and paraglottic space, etc. In this paper the
      relationship between cell differentiation, growth pattern and "P" staging are
      analysed. We attempt to demonstrate that "barrier" of the larynx can limit the
      invasion of carcinoma to various degrees. This paper also presents the follow-up
      data of 63 patients to three years after operation.

PMID- 3836848
TI  - [Circulating immune complex and cancer in the digestive system].
AB  - The zone electrophoresis on agarose was used to determine the incidence of
      circulating immune complex (CIC) in blood of 60 patients with cancer in the
      digestive system and 42 healthy donors. The correlation between cancer and CIC
      was investigated. The positive results is 75% in patients and 14.2% in the
      control. There is a significant correlation between the CIC and the stage of
      lesion. Higher incidence was observed in patients with stage I and II lesions
      (100% and 85%) than those with stage III lesions (40%). Among 13 positive
      patients, 5 with stage I lesion became negative and 8 with stage II or III
      lesions were still positive after operation. These data suggest that the zone
      electrophoresis be a reliable assay for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients
      with digestive system cancer. To measure the CIC periodically may be useful for
      the follow up of the tumor condition before and after treatment.

PMID- 3836849
TI  - [Adenoma of the gallbladder--pathologic analysis of 14 cases].
AB  - Adenoma of the gallbladder is a rare benign tumor. We found fourteen in 2600
      surgical specimens of cholecystectomy, an incidence of 0.55%. Three are male and
      eleven female Adenoma of the gallbladder is divided into two types: papilloma and
      tubular. Adenoma of the gallbladder might be a precancerous lesion. We found
      atypical hyperplasia in four and carcinomatous change in two of these fourteen
      adenomas. All the patients were complicated by chronic cholecystitis, and twelve
      by one or several stones. Chronic inflammation and the stone formation might be
      the etiological factors of adenoma of the gallbladder. In this paper, the
      histological features and differential diagnosis are discussed. We had also
      observed the mucinous change of this adenoma, atypical hyperplasia and
      carcinomatous degeneration by histochemical means.

PMID- 3836850
TI  - [Cytoplasmic estrogen and progesterone receptors in primary cervical carcinoma-
      relation between clinical aspects and histopathology].
AB  - The measurement of cytoplasmic estrogen and progesterone receptors (ERc and PRc)
      as markers of specific hormone in the human breast and endometrial cancer leads
      to the application of receptor levels as a means in clinical management.
      Comprehensive investigations have not been completed in invasive cervical cancer.
      From 1977 to 1981, 39 cases of primary cervical carcinoma were assayed as to the
      presence or absence of ERc and PRc by the saturation point dextran-coated
      charcoal method. The level of ERc and PRc of various clinical stages,
      histological types, histological grades, menstrual status, age and survival was
      compared each other. Positive and negative receptor groups were proposed using
      more than or equal to 5 fmol/mg cytosol protein for ERc ane more than or equal to
      10 fmol/mg cytosol protein for PRc as discrimination points. Survival of the
      measured patients was computed by the product-limit analysis according to Kaplan
      Meier. A statistical difference between the PRc (+) and PRc (-) group in survival
      was noted by the Mantel-Cox test (P = 0.049). There was a longer survival in the
      PRc (+) patients. As to premenopausal or menopausal status, a statistical
      difference between the PRc (+) and PRc (-) group in survival was only observed in
      the premenopausal patients. The demonstration of the relationship between the PRc
      level and survival in cervical carcinoma would certainly be clinical significant
      to identify the high-risk patients for failure as treated by routine radiotherapy
      or surgery.

PMID- 3836851
TI  - [Carcinoma of the female urethra].
AB  - From 1962 to 1980, 24 patients with primary urethral carcinoma and 1 vulval
      cancer involving the urethra were treated in our hospital. In this series, the
      mean age was 52 years. 23 lesions in the distal (anterior) urethra were all
      diagnosed preoperatively. Pathological classification were as follows: squamous
      cell carcinoma 16, adenocarcinoma 3, transitional cell carcinoma and
      undifferentiated carcinoma 4. The chief method of treatment were resection of the
      tumor and reconstruction of a new urethra, using bladder flap in two forms:
      abdominal urethra and reconstructed urethra in the original position.
      Preoperative or postoperative irradiation was given in one third of the patients.
      17 patients have shown satisfactory results in the follow-up. The 7 and 10 year
      survival rates are 36% and 18% among 11 patients who are living and well.

PMID- 3836852
TI  - [Pathologic characteristics and the rational surgical treatment of rectal
      carcinoma].
AB  - 122 cases with rectal carcinoma were operated by radical resection. The 5 year
      survival rate was 60.3%. The patho-biological characters of the rectal carcinoma
      were studied. The results showed that the prognosis of the rectal carcinoma was
      much better than that of gastric carcinoma due to the fact that most of the
      rectal carcinoma was localized with low metastatic rate to the lymphatics and its
      growth patterns are pushing and nest-like. For rational surgical treatment, it is
      necessary to have a clear understanding of the patho-biologic characters, staging
      and location of the rectal carcinoma preoperatively.

PMID- 3836853
TI  - [Improved technic of a stapling device and the prognosis of rectal carcinoma].
AB  - From Sep. 1977 to Mar. 1982, 150 patients with rectal carcinoma were operated
      with the mechanical staple suture technique and serious complications, e.g.
      anastomotic leakage were avoided. All the cases have been followed more than one
      year. The 1, 2, 3 and 4 year survival rates were 94%, 84%, 76% and 63%,
      respectively. Removal of the primary tumor in the presence of hepatic metastasis
      has some beneficial effect after operation. A better result is achieved as
      compared with those reported by other authors at home and abroad.

PMID- 3836854
TI  - Inhibition of histalog-stimulated gastric secretion by 40 749 RP, a new long
      acting gastric antisecretory agent.
AB  - 40 749 RP, an N-methyl-2-(2-pyridyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-thiophene
      carbothioamide derivative, is already known as a potent gastric antisecretory
      agent in animals and in man. In order to determine its duration of action, its
      activity was investigated on Histalog-stimulated gastric acid secretion in 6
      healthy volunteers. The efficacy of a 2 mg/kg dose, compared with that of
      placebo, was potent, and remained the same when the drug was ingested 6 h before
      stimulation instead of 1 h. The duration of action of 40 749 RP is therefore
      longer than 6 h.

PMID- 3836855
TI  - Effect of sulglycotide on gastric bicarbonate secretion in humans.
AB  - The effect of sulglycotide, a cytoprotective agent with a healing effect on
      ulcers, on gastric bicarbonate secretion in humans was evaluated. Fifteen healthy
      volunteers were treated with sulglycotide 400 mg t.i.d. for 10 days. Before and
      after treatment the bicarbonate content of basal gastric juice was determined by
      Feldman and Barnett's method. Sulglycotide was found to increase significantly (p
      less than 0.0001) basal HCO3- production from the human stomach, thus
      strengthening the gastric mucosal defences. It was concluded that the
      cytoprotective and therapeutic properties of the drug are partially related to
      stimulation of gastric alkaline secretion.

PMID- 3836856
TI  - Hexaprazol antagonism to gastric electrical potential fall by acetylsalicylic
      acid in rat.
AB  - Hexaprazol was tested against the gastric barrier breaking effect of aspirin
      (ASA), using the electric potential difference (PD) test in rats without pyloric
      ligation. The activity of hexaprazol was evident at a dose lower than the
      antisecretory one and also at the same range of antiulcer doses. The drug's
      activity in reducing the PD fall induced by ASA was compared with that of
      carbenoxolone, pirenzepine, cimetidine and ranitidine administered by the same
      route. Their relative activity, measured by AUB (area under baseline) index,
      followed this order: carbenoxolone greater than hexaprazol greater than
      pirenzepine greater than cimetidine greater than ranitidine. Measured by RI
      (irritancy index) inhibition, the order of activity was similar: carbenoxolone
      greater than hexaprazol greater than or equal to pirenzepine greater than
      cimetidine greater than ranitidine. It was demonstrated that hexaprazol had an
      anti-barrier breaker activity of marked intensity and duration; this efficacy was
      always dose-dependent.

PMID- 3836858
TI  - Changes in blood pressure and thermographic values resulting from use of a beta
      blocker plus diuretic and of an alpha-beta-blocker plus diuretic.
AB  - Changes in arterial blood pressure and in thermographic values were evaluated in
      two groups of 15 hypertensive patients, each of which was treated, on a random
      basis, with a combination of atenolol plus chlorthalidone or a combination of
      labetalol plus chlorthalidone. Both combinations produced a statistically
      significant reduction in blood pressure values (p less than 0.01) with no changes
      in heart rate. Telethermographic investigations revealed the presence of
      hypothermia of the hands before treatment in all the hypertensive patients
      examined, but not in the control group (10 normal subjects with no vascular
      and/or hyperthermic disease). After one month of treatment, no changes in
      peripheral vascularization were observed in the group treated with atenolol plus
      chlorthalidone, except for 4 cases showing mild improvement, probably due to a
      reduction in peripheral resistance as a result of the treatment and to a
      consequent increase in blood flow in the area investigated. In the group treated
      with labetalol plus chlorthalidone, on the other hand, a substantial recovery of
      vascular flow was observed in 12 patients as a result of the treatment, while the
      remaining 3 patients showed a fair degree of improvement (2 degrees C). Both
      preparations lent themselves to simplified administration regimens with good
      patient compliance and no adverse reactions.

PMID- 3836857
TI  - The effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of salicylic acid.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of the interaction between salicylic acid and cimetidine was
      investigated in 11 healthy male and female volunteers. The plasma concentrations
      of total and free salicylic acid were measured. The kinetic disposition of
      salicylic acid after multiple administration of cimetidine (1 g per day) showed
      two modifications: the elimination rate was slower and plasma clearance was
      reduced. The corresponding area under concentration-time curves was always
      significantly greater. These differences were the same in both sexes. The rate of
      absorption, peak salicylate concentration and plasma protein binding of salicylic
      acid in the presence of cimetidine were not changed.

PMID- 3836860
TI  - Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to metronidazole. A bacteriological and
      clinical study.
AB  - The activity of metronidazole was studied by the diffusion method using two discs
      on a model group of 40 anaerobic bacterial strains isolated recently from
      clinical specimens. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined
      by the dilution method and regression curves by the method of minimum square
      errors. Some 82.5% of bacteria of the model group were susceptible to
      metronidazole. All the routinely isolated anaerobes (582 strains) were tested
      with metronidazole over a period of 20 months. Susceptibility was recorded in 469
      strains (80.6%). The clinical study was carried out on two groups of inpatients
      with bacteriologically confirmed mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections. Subjects
      in Group 1 (25 patients) were given clindamycin and gentamicin and those in Group
      2 (30 patients) metronidazole and gentamicin. The results showed that the two
      combinations of drugs had comparable effects.

PMID- 3836859
TI  - Evaluation of a new pharmaceutical form of nimesulide for the treatment of
      influenza.
AB  - In 39 outpatients suffering from a seasonal epidemic influenza, the antipyretic,
      analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of nimesulide granules was compared with
      that of aspirin + vitamin C granules. The drugs were administered b.i.d.,
      dispensed in one-dose sachets containing either 100 mg of nimesulide or 500 mg
      aspirin + 300 mg vitamin C. The efficacy of the two treatments was comparable:
      both drugs brought about a rapid complete recovery in all treated patients.
      However, nimesulide was better tolerated: only one case of slight gastralgia was
      recorded in the nimesulide group vs the six cases of side-effects complained of
      in the aspirin + vitamin C group.

PMID- 3836861
TI  - Norfloxacin concentrations in seminal plasma measured by HPLC.
AB  - Eighteen healthy volunteers aged 22 to 37 (average 30.44 +/- 4.11 years) seeking
      fertility evaluation at the Fertility and Sterility Centre of the Medical Clinic
      of the University of L'Aquila Medical School were studied for norfloxacin
      concentrations in serum, urine and seminal plasma 14-15 h after taking two 400 mg
      doses of the drug. The extraction of the biological fluids and the high pressure
      liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay were performed following a method described
      previously (1), with seminal plasma samples processed in the same way as serum
      samples. The results in urine and serum substantially confirmed the figures
      already established for norfloxacin concentrations in such fluids. Seminal plasma
      levels (average 4.78 +/- 2.69 micrograms/ml) were about 5 times higher than the
      corresponding serum levels (average 0.89 +/- 0.59 microgram/ml). The authors
      believe that such concentrations, attaining a therapeutic range in the seminal
      plasma after only two 400 mg doses of norfloxacin, support its use as an
      effective chemotherapeutic agent in the management of male genital infections
      that frequently account for subfertility conditions in young patients.

PMID- 3836862
TI  - Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid therapy in severe infections.
AB  - Twenty patients with severe infections were treated with a fixed combination of
      ticarcillin + clavulanic acid. Nineteen of them had severe underlying diseases.
      Fifteen were bacteraemic; four of these were in shock. Eleven were infected with
      microorganisms resistant in vitro to ticarcillin. Eleven were clinically cured, 6
      improved and 3 failed to respond, the latter being infected with ticarcillin
      resistant microorganisms (2 E. coli, 1 P. mirabilis). Six patients experienced
      side-effects, which were usually mild and reversible, consisting mainly of
      moderate elevation of serum transaminases. In one patient ticarcillin-clavulanic
      acid was stopped due to worsening of a pre-existing drug hepatitis.

PMID- 3836863
TI  - Multivalent treatment of skin diseases in infants and young children.
AB  - Forty-two infants and young children with skin diseases of various kinds were
      treated by the simultaneous application of a combination of three creams, the
      respective ingredients of which were beclomethasone dipropionate, sodium fusidate
      and ketoconazole. The treatment produced good results in 97.6% of cases, with
      eradication of pathogenic agents and satisfactory relief of symptoms. The
      combination was well tolerated in almost all cases, both locally and
      systemically, and no adverse reactions were reported.

PMID- 3836864
TI  - New prospects for research on cephalosporins.
AB  - The present paper reviews the newly-developed cephalosporins and considers their
      potential for filling the gaps left by earlier cephalosporins in terms of of
      spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetic parameters, development of resistance and
      tolerability. Research on narrow-spectrum cephalosporins, directed specifically
      against enterobacteria and Pseudomonas, on cephalosporins with a low inoculum
      effect and on oral cephalosporins is discussed. The chemical substitutions
      responsible for enhancing or reducing the activity of cephalosporins against
      various bacteria, for altering pharmacokinetic behaviour and for producing
      unwanted side-effects are described.

PMID- 3836865
TI  - The comparative activity of twelve 4-quinolone antimicrobials against gram
      positive and gram-negative anaerobes.
AB  - The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of twelve 4-quinolone antimicrobials
      were determined for the Bacteroides fragilis group (50), Bacteroides
      melaninogenicus (20), Bacteroides bivius (10), Fusobacterium spp. (10), anaerobic
      Gram-positive cocci (50) and Clostridium spp. (20). MICs were determined using an
      agar dilution technique in Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 10% lysed horse
      blood. The inoculum used was approximately 10(4) colony-forming units, contained
      in 10 microliter of Mueller-Hinton broth, which was applied to the agar plates
      using a multipoint inoculator. Following inoculation, plates were incubated at 37
      degrees C for 48 h in an anaerobic atmosphere. The MIC of each antimicrobial for
      each isolate examined was determined as the lowest concentration of the
      antimicrobial which completely inhibited growth of the inoculum. The minimum
      concentrations required to inhibit the growth of 50% (MIC50) and 90% (MIC90) of
      the organism examined were also determined. All of the more recently synthesised
      4-quinolones showed increased activity against the anaerobic bacteria used in
      this study. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were the most active compounds examined
      (Bacteroides fragilis group MIC90 ciprofloxacin 4 micrograms/ml; ofloxacin 4
      microgram/ml; Bacteroides melaninogenicus MIC90 ciprofloxacin 2 micrograms/ml,
      ofloxacin 2 micrograms/ml; Bacteroides bivius MIC90 ciprofloxacin 16
      micrograms/ml, ofloxacin 32 micrograms/ml; Fusobacterium spp. MIC90 ciprofloxacin
      2 micrograms/ml, ofloxacin 4 micrograms/ml; Clostridium spp. MIC90 ciprofloxacin
      1 microgram/ml, ofloxacin 1 microgram/ml and anaerobic Gram-positive cocci MIC90
      ciprofloxacin 4 micrograms/ml, ofloxacin 4 micrograms/ml).

PMID- 3836866
TI  - The kinetics in the rat of a new nitroimidazole derivative.
AB  - A new nitroimidazole derivative, N-(5-carboxy-5-amino pentane) carbamic ester of
      1(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (APMN), was administered to rats by
      the following routes: i.p. and orally (100 mg/kg); i.m. (100 and 250 mg/kg).
      Plasma kinetics of the drug fit a monoexponential function with a half-life of
      0.5 h and a volume of distribution of 555 ml/kg. In tissues the peak levels of
      the drug (at 0.5 h) were 700, 150 and 40 micrograms/g in kidney, liver and heart
      respectively and their disappearance rate was similar to that observed for
      plasma. Urinary excretion of the unmodified drug in 23 h was less than 30% of the
      administered dose. No APMN was found in plasma and urine after oral
      administration.

PMID- 3836867
TI  - Susceptibility of clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms
      to cefatrizine.
AB  - The in vitro activity of cefatrizine was evaluated against 294 Gram-positive and
      270 Gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. Cefatrizine had
      excellent activity against Gram-positive cocci, inhibiting all except enterococci
      at minimal inhibitory concentrations below 1 mcg/ml. Moreover, cefatrizine was an
      effective antibacterial agent for most major Gram-negative species. Cefatrizine
      activity was tested against 34 strains of H. influenzae and 37 strains of K.
      pneumoniae and compared with that of other orally administered cephalosporins.
      Cefatrizine MIC50 values were much lower than those recorded for cephalexin and
      cefadroxil.

PMID- 3836868
TI  - Determination of cefatrizine levels in blood, tonsils, paranasal sinuses and
      middle ear.
AB  - Levels of cefatrizine, a new oral cephalosporin, were determined in blood and in
      tonsils, paranasal sinus secretions and middle ear exudates from 18 patients with
      acute infections at these sites. Three and six hours after administration of 500
      mg cefatrizine satisfactory levels of the antibiotic were found at all the sites
      examined. Levels in the tonsils and middle ear were higher than those in blood,
      while lower levels were recorded in nasal secretions.

PMID- 3836869
TI  - Determinations of tissue levels of cefatrizine in blood, lungs and bronchi.
AB  - A study was carried out in 12 patients, divided into two groups of 6, to
      determine tissue levels of cefatrizine in lung (group I) and bronchial secretions
      (group II) following a single oral dose of 500 mg. In group I, specimens of blood
      and lung tissue were collected after 2 h from one subgroup of 3 patients and
      after 3 h from the other subgroup of 3. Average levels were 8.5 and 7.0 mcg/ml
      for blood and 1.2 and 1.4 mcg/ml for lung tissue respectively. In group II blood
      and bronchial secretion concentrations were evaluated at the 2nd, 3rd and 6th
      hours from administration. Average values were 9.1 and 7.7 mcg/ml in blood at 2h
      and 3h respectively, whereas the average bronchial secretion concentration at the
      3rd hour was 10.4 mcg/ml in the first subgroup. In the second subgroup the mean
      level in blood collected at the 2nd hour was 8.9 mcg/ml, and 2.5 and 4.1 mcg/ml
      respectively in blood and bronchial secretions at the 6th hour. Cefatrizine
      levels in bronchial secretions were higher than those in blood at both the 3rd
      and the 6th hour from administration: this kinetic peculiarity of the drug will
      doubtless play an important role in the therapeutic efficacy of cefatrizine.

PMID- 3836870
TI  - New perspectives in oral antibiotic therapy: cefatrizine. Conclusions.

PMID- 3836871
TI  - Copper salicylate complex: thermoregulatory and biochemical effects.
AB  - The antipyretic properties of copper (II) salicylate and its effect on plasma
      copper, iron, zinc and ceruloplasmin concentrations was investigated in adult
      rabbits at an ambient temperature of 21.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C. The experiments
      indicated that copper salicylate (200 mg/kg/h i.v.) was a more potent antipyretic
      than sodium salicylate given in the same manner and doses. This pharmacological
      activity was found on a model of experimental fever induced by i.v. injection of
      lipopolysaccharide Escherichia coli at a dose of 1 microgram/kg. Furthermore,
      unlike sodium salicylate, this copper complex caused a decrease in core
      temperature in normothermic rabbits. At the same time copper salicylate activated
      heat dissipation much more efficiently than the parent drug, as manifested by
      decreases in vasomotor tone and reversal of postpyrogen inhibition of RF. As was
      expected, treatment with copper salicylate increased plasma copper and
      ceruloplasmin levels in both normothermic and febrile rabbits. These increases
      did not lead to any disturbances in iron and zinc concentrations. Neither
      salicylate affected postpyrogen falls in plasma iron concentrations. They both,
      however, delayed the appearance of zinc decreases in febrile rabbits. The results
      of this study suggest that copper modifies the thermoregulatory effects of
      salicylate. Moreover, the increased amounts of this metal do not seem to disturb
      seriously the ionic status of the blood.

PMID- 3836872
TI  - Organ tolerance of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: effect on liver cells.
AB  - Experimental studies in mice and in rats showed the good tolerance of a new non
      steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, flunoxaprofen, by normal and CCl4 damaged
      liver. The activity of an enzyme-inducing drug, such as phenobarbital, showed a
      greater increase after pretreatment with indomethacin than with flunoxaprofen or
      benoxaprofen. High doses of benoxaprofen and indomethacin significantly decreased
      bromosulphonphthalein excretion in rats with normal or CCl4 damaged liver; the
      effect was not observed with flunoxaprofen administered at the same dose as
      benoxaprofen. Moreover, benoxaprofen and indomethacin but not flunoxaprofen
      induced a significant increase of some serum liver enzymes in CCl4 poisoned rats.

PMID- 3836873
TI  - Research on coenzyme Q10 in clinical medicine and in immunomodulation.
AB  - Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a redox component in the respiratory chain. CoQ10 is
      necessary for human life to exist; and a deficiency can be contributory to ill
      health and disease. A deficiency of CoQ10 in myocardial disease has been found
      and controlled therapeutic trials have established CoQ10 as a major advance in
      the therapy of resistant myocardial failure. The cardiotoxicity of adriamycin,
      used in treatment modalities of cancer, is significantly reduced by CoQ10,
      apparently because the side-effects of adriamycin include inhibition of
      mitochondrial CoQ10 enzymes. Models of the immune system including phagocytic
      rate, circulating antibody level, neoplasia, viral and parasitic infections were
      used to demonstrate that CoQ10 is an immunomodulating agent. It was concluded
      that CoQ10, at the mitochondrial level, is essential for the optimal function of
      the immune system.

PMID- 3836875
TI  - Effective treatment with coenzyme Q10 of patients with chronic myocardial
      disease.
AB  - Nineteen patients with chronic myocardial disease (NYHA Classes III and IV) were
      given Coenzyme Q10 in a controlled double-blind cross-over study. All had either
      low or borderline levels of CoQ10 in their blood, and showed a significant change
      into the normal range with oral CoQ10 replacement. Eighteen patients reported
      improvement in activity tolerance with replacement therapy. Combined clinical
      observations, stroke volume measured by impedance cardiography, and ejection
      fractions calculated from systolic time intervals, all showed significant
      improvement in parallel with CoQ10 administration. This application of the
      principles of bioenergetics introduces a promising new dimension to the study and
      treatment of the complex problem of myocardial failure.

PMID- 3836874
TI  - Effect of coenzyme Q10 on stress-induced cardiac dysfunction in paediatric
      patients with mitral valve prolapse: a study by stress echocardiography.
AB  - Stress echocardiography (stress echo) by means of isometric handgrip has been
      proven to be useful for detection of latent cardiac dysfunction in patients with
      mitral valve prolapse (MVP). In MVP with symptoms (symptomatic MVP), handgrip
      (HG) stress usually induced an abnormal response, i.e. a decrease in the ejection
      fraction (EF) in accordance with other echo indices. If an effective treatment
      with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) is performed, the response becomes normal (increase in
      EF) and symptoms disappear. Four hundred consecutive symptomatic MVP were divided
      into 6 groups according to the dose of CoQ, i.e., 0.6-0.9, 1.0-1.4, 1.5-1.9, 2.0
      2.4, 2.5-2.9 and 3.0-3.4 mg/kg/day and followed up with repeated HG. There was a
      strong relationship between the dose and the time needed for normalization. In
      the 3.0-to-3.4 mg group, the majority of patients acquired a normal response
      within 1 week. When a single blind test between CoQ (N = 8) and ATP (adenosine
      triphosphate, N = 8) groups was conducted, the number of patients normalized
      within 8 weeks was 7 in the former and 0 in the latter. After reduction of the
      dose, 41 patients had relapses (re-abnormalizations) within 15 weeks (mean =
      6.6). Continuous normalization for 4 months or longer after termination of CoQ
      occurred 7 to 43 months (mean = 18.5) after onset of symptoms, probably
      reflecting the self-limited natural course. Some patients (5.8% of patients
      followed up) showed polycyclic long courses like those of congestive
      cardiomyopathy and needed long-term CoQ treatment. CoQ was definitely effective
      for symptomatic MVP and improved stress-induced cardiac dysfunction if the
      appropriate dose was given. No side-effect was seen.

PMID- 3836876
TI  - Long-term coenzyme Q10 therapy: a major advance in the management of resistant
      myocardial failure.
AB  - Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) treatment, orally administered as 100 mg daily dose, was
      initiated in a series of patients with advanced heart failure in an open,
      controlled design. They were all showing an insufficient response to classical
      therapy with diuretics and digitalis. Twelve patients with various causes of
      heart failure, classified clinically by echocardiography (ECHO), (12/12), and
      heart catheterization with endomyocardial biopsy, (10/12), were followed
      prospectively for a mean period of seven months. Serial assessments: Clinical
      examination (with questionnaire), ECG, chest X-ray, ECHO, systolic time intervals
      (STI) and blood levels of CoQ10 were performed. With a mean latency period of 30
      days, eight out of 12 patients (67%) showed definite clinical improvement.
      Subjectively, the patients felt less tired, their general activity tolerance
      increased and dyspnoea at rest disappeared. There were obvious signs of decreased
      right-sided stasis (hepatic congestion). The heart rate fell significantly, and
      the heart volume (chest X-ray) decreased in the eight responders (although n.s.).
      A significant reduction in the left atrial size (ECHO) was registered, suggesting
      a reduced preload of the left ventricle, Furthermore, a significant decline in
      the PEP/LVET ratio (STI) was indicative of an improved myocardial performance.
      Preliminary CoQ10 withdrawal results showed severe clinical relapse with
      subsequent improvement on CoQ10 reinstatement, supporting the interpretation that
      treatment of these patients corrected a myocardial deficiency of CoQ10 and
      increased contractility. Hence CoQ10 appears to be an effective therapeutic agent
      in advanced cases of heart failure. This is an attractive circumvention of the
      traditional principles of therapy: supporting the myocardium directly by
      ameliorating a supposed underlying mitochondrial dysfunction (exhausted
      bioenergetics).

PMID- 3836877
TI  - [Long-term prognosis following ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial
      infarction].

PMID- 3836878
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of vasodilators in aged patients with heart failure].

PMID- 3836880
TI  - [Two cases of karyotype 46 XY "female" 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency].

PMID- 3836879
TI  - [Follow-up survey of 60 patients with mitral valve replacement using a flexible
      stent porcine aortic valve xenograft].

PMID- 3836881
TI  - [Clinical significance of systolic hypertension--analysis of 2435 cases].

PMID- 3836882
TI  - [Significance of comparing the QRS complexes of conducting beats with escaped
      beats in localizing AV block sites].

PMID- 3836883
TI  - [Diagnostic value of delta QCM5 in the treadmill exercise test].

PMID- 3836884
TI  - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy--a report of 3 cases in one family].

PMID- 3836885
TI  - [Echocardiographic study of AV function in primary cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 3836886
TI  - [Relation between lipoprotein cholesterol and hypertension and coronary heart
      disease].

PMID- 3836887
TI  - [Experimental study measuring human cardiac stroke volume by admittance
      plethysmography with constant voltage].

PMID- 3836888
TI  - [Effect of acute changes in preload on the Q-Z interval in plethysmography].

PMID- 3836889
TI  - [Comparison of the reliability between several methods of measuring the heart by
      Xray].

PMID- 3836890
TI  - [Metabolism of lipids and apoprotein B of plasma lipoprotein subfractions in
      subjects with normotriglyceridemia and hypertriglyceridemia].

PMID- 3836891
TI  - [Serum lipids and LDL receptor activity of lymphocytes in aged groups].

PMID- 3836892
TI  - [Effect of selenium deficiency on serum and myocardial free fatty acids and the
      oxidation of fatty acids by the myocardium].

PMID- 3836893
TI  - [Method of defining mechanical injury to the intima of the aorta].

PMID- 3836894
TI  - [Estimation of the acute ischemic area in experimental dogs and the effect of
      reperfusion].

PMID- 3836895
TI  - Review of food consumption surveys--1985. Household food consumption by economic
      groups.

PMID- 3836896
TI  - Cropping systems and household food security: evidence from three West African
      countries.
AB  - The following four articles describe several aspects of the complex yet basic
      processes of food production and consumption in African settings. Three elements
      in the picture stand out as subjects of current research and development action:
      traditional food crops, seasonality and women's activities. It is important that
      specialists enhance their understanding of those processes and the dynamic
      interrelations among particular elements, in the interests of improved nutrition
      and rural development.

PMID- 3836897
TI  - Decline and revival of traditional food plants in East Africa.

PMID- 3836898
TI  - Nutritional linkages in a rural development project in Turkey.

PMID- 3836899
TI  - Seasonal variation and nutrition in developing countries.

PMID- 3836900
TI  - Family nutrition and women's activities in rural Africa.

PMID- 3836901
TI  - A timely warning and intervention system for preventing food crises in Indonesia:
      applying guidelines for nutrition surveillance.

PMID- 3836902
TI  - The promise in trees.

PMID- 3836903
TI  - [In vitro activity of norfloxacin alone and in combination].

PMID- 3836904
TI  - [Midecamycin activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria].

PMID- 3836905
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and therapeutic activity of netilmicin 200 mg in a single dose
      (daily) in urinary infections].

PMID- 3836906
TI  - [Use of aztreonam in the treatment of respiratory infections].

PMID- 3836907
TI  - [3 cases of poisoning caused by wine contaminated with lead].
AB  - Three cases of lead poisoning of non occupational origin as result of drinking
      contaminated homemade wine are described. The source of lead most likely was the
      ceramic inner surface of the container used for wine fermentation and/or the
      cement used for filling up slots between ceramic tiles. The lead content of wine
      was found to be 40 mg/l whereas maximum allowed level in Italy is 0.3 mg/l.
      Treatment with calcium versenate given intravenously solved gastroenteric
      symptoms. Further investigations were reassessed six months after the acute
      episode showing both blood and urine parameters still below the normal range for
      adults occupationally not exposed to lead. Awareness of family physicians in
      early recognition of these episodes is recommended. Furthermore such hazard
      should be considered when choice of materials for containers delegated to wine
      fermentation is made, since home wine making is a widespread practice in our
      country.

PMID- 3836908
TI  - [Production technology and use of composite materials in the aeronautics
      industry, risks and pathology in the manufacturing workers].
AB  - The type and applications of composite materials have increased greatly during
      the last forty years, particularly in the aircraft and aerospace industries. The
      foreseeable increase of the employment of composite materials in future needs an
      adequate engagement in finding out health risks involved with technological
      processes. Composite materials - considered as a close union between a continuous
      glass, aramid or carbon reinforcing fibre and a epoxy matrix - present several
      advantages over traditional materials. Structural epoxy adhesives are defined as
      complex formulated systems. By mixing a large number of ingredients a formulated
      resin is obtained, which represents the start of the production process for
      adhesive manufacture. The most important ingredients such as catalysts,
      accelerators, the groups of epoxy monomers and oligomers, additives most used and
      their role into the epoxy matrices are illustrated. Of the various technologies
      existing for the fabrication of aircraft structures the one so called "vacuum
      bag" is described. The knowledge of the chemical composition of the substances
      used in the production of composite materials and epoxy adhesives allows to
      verify the possible existence of hazard for workers health. Among the potentially
      dangerous chemicals, epoxy monomers and oligomers, catalysts, accelerators are to
      be considered. The metabolism and the mechanisms of toxicity of epoxides are
      summarized. However the toxic effects of most epoxides are far from being wholly
      investigated. In man epoxides ingestion, inhalation or absorption through the
      skin can lead to several toxic effects: irritation and sensitisation, alterations
      of liver and nervous function. Finally some epoxides are considered to be
      carcinogenic in animals and in man; however for many compounds, the results are
      not yet conclusive. From what it is said above come out the necessity of a
      careful sanitary control of the workers exposed to these hazards, control that is
      made difficult by the lack of adequate biological indices for the risks found.

PMID- 3836909
TI  - Urinary elimination of p-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) and weighted exposure
      concentration.
AB  - The aim of the present work is to determine p-DCB concentration in the urine of
      exposed workers and to verify a possible correlation with the environmental
      exposure. The authors studied four subjects exposed to different p-DCB
      environmental concentrations during a working week. The measurement of the
      substances was performed by means of a Hewlett-Packard 5880 A gas-chromatograph
      supplied with a Hewlett-Packard 5970 A Mass Selective Detector. The analysis was
      performed by a head space method (after determining the urine/air partition
      coefficient (lambda) by the multiple phase equilibration method). The lambda
      value (urine/air) of p-DCB is 10.8. The Authors found a significant relationship
      between the difference of p-DCB urinary concentration at the beginning and end of
      a daily work delta Cu (microgram/l) and the p-DCB environmental concentration C-I
      (mg/m3) (r = 0.64) (P less than 0.01); delta Cu = 0,48C-I + 15.61. We found that
      with an environmental exposure of 44.7 mg/m3 median value (geometrical deviation
      1.15) there is an increase of p-DCB concentration in the urine of workers during
      the working week. For a daily environmental exposure of 450 mg/m3 (ACGIH TLV,
      1984), we think that it is possible to propose a Biological Exposure Index
      (B.E.I.) of 250 micrograms/l as difference between beginning and end of a daily
      work.

PMID- 3836911
TI  - [Comparison of various methods of evaluating auditory damage caused by chronic
      acoustic injury].
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to compare the most common hearing damage
      criteria, based upon pure tone audiometric data. We examined 1086 workers with
      different intensity and duration of noise exposure. After consecutive selections,
      455 subjects, subdivided into four exposure groups, were studied. The 12
      considered criteria showed a widespread difference in their sensitivity: the
      percentage of hearing impaired subjects ranged from 3.3 to 24.2% in the whole
      population. The most sensitive criteria evaluated the hearing loss at 2 and 4
      KHz. The evaluation of the hearing loss at 3 and 6 KHz did not modify the
      percentage of subjects bearing an handicap. The authors suggest the average
      hearing loss at 2 and 4 KHz as a criterion to be used for preventing and
      epidemiological purposes.

PMID- 3836910
TI  - [Environmental and biological monitoring of subjects occupationally exposed to
      precious metals (gold lost-wax casting)].
AB  - Environmental monitoring during lost wax casting in jewelry handicrafts was
      performed for gold, silver, zinc and copper by means of personal samplers and ICP
      AAS techniques were used for determining airborne metals. Personal sampling was
      prolonged for a working week by continuous monitoring during 8 hours shifts,
      replacing the membrane filter every 2 hours, in 6 workers; in the same workers
      urine samples were collected during the week and levels of Au, Ag, Zn and Cu were
      measured by ETA-AAS. During casting process Ag air concentrations ranged 0.27-0.6
      mg/m3 while mean levels of Au, Cu, and Zn were 0.028 0.030 and 0.056 mg/m3
      respectively. Urinary excretion of Ag (I) determined by solvent extraction and
      separation by liquid anion exchanger proved very high, after 24-36 h from the
      casting processes.

PMID- 3836912
TI  - [Epidemiology of ischemic cardiopathy in a large iron foundry].
AB  - This work examines the coronary disease distribution in a large iron-foundry
      (7000 workers) with different ways of work and productive technologies, taking
      into consideration the high incidence and the multiple etiology of risk factors
      of cardiovascular diseases in the general population. In particular we studied
      the frequency of coronary disease and its consequence on the workers as far as
      retirement, death and job modification are concerned.

PMID- 3836913
TI  - [Losses caused by absenteeism due to accidents in a metalworking plant].
AB  - The Index of work accidents, defined as the product of frequency rate by severity
      rate, is calculated so as to estimate statistically the damage caused to a
      mechanical plant in six years time. The damage caused by work accidents is
      maximum for INAIL insurance reported accidents, regarding contusions to upper
      limbs, caused by hits, in the production dept. "mechanics", at the end of the
      a.m. and p.m. periods of work, in the first two days of the week, in the warmer
      and colder months of the year; such damage decreases in the course of the six
      years examined as a consequence of hardly quantifiables changes e.g. in
      productivity and prevention measures. Finally, suggestions are given to further
      reduce the accident risk in the firm examined.

PMID- 3836914
TI  - [Demanding work, today].
AB  - Wearing work is an old problem of occupational medicine which seems to be
      resolved by technological progress and progressive disappearance of physical
      fatigue. On the contrary in these new working conditions new physical and
      psychical possibilities of wearing work take place and they are less conspicuous
      but not less important than old conditions. Some examples of such conditions are
      provided and some possible solutions are proposed.

PMID- 3836915
TI  - Serum lipids and lipoproteins in relation to smoking among the apparently healthy
      workers: a preliminary survey. The Pavia Study.
AB  - This pilot study is concerned mainly with the interrelationships between serum
      lipids and lipoproteins, and personal variables like age, body mass index (BMI)
      and smoking habit. The analysis was limited to the male workers employed in the
      Lombardia region. The results of the study confirm the findings of the other
      investigators on the interaction between smoking and lipid metabolism. The effect
      of smoking on the cholesterol level appeared to have been the most pronounced and
      the clear strong relationship with the exposure was established. Also
      triglycerides concentration was related to the smoking exposure. The HDL
      lipoproteins were lower and LDL-VLDL higher in smokers than in nonsmokers,
      however, the association with the smoking exposure was insignificant. The
      findings showed that HDL-cholesterol level was inversely dependent on the plasma
      triglycerides both in nonsmokers and smokers. The paper discusses the
      implications of the research carried out on the interpretation of the HDL
      cholesterol values as a eventual potential risk factor for the coronary heart
      disease.

PMID- 3836916
TI  - [Respiratory function in chemical workers].
AB  - The authors have evaluated the trend of the forced expiratory flows at low lung
      volumes and of the diffusing capacity for CO in a group of chemical workers of a
      dye factory, exposed to mineral dusts, organic pigments and solvents. Prevalences
      of chronic bronchitis and dyspnea, as evaluated by CNR questionnaire, were 15 and
      32%. FEF25-75, MEF50 and MEF75 showed statistically significant differences with
      reference values. The reduction of KCO% was almost completely accounted for by
      smoking habit. During exercise, DLCOSS2 did not reach the expected values. 71% of
      the subjects with a diagnosis of COLD had worked more than 15 years in the dye
      factory. These results suggest a negative effect of the working environment,
      together with cigarette smoking, on lung function of subjects with a medium-long
      term exposure.

PMID- 3836917
TI  - Urine/air partition coefficients for some industrially important substances.
AB  - The urine/air and blood/urine partition coefficients (lambda) of 43 commonly
      employed organic solvents (Aliphatic, Cyclic, Aromatic and Halogenated
      Hydrocarbons, Ketones, Alcohols and Esters) are reported. The analyses were
      performed by the multiple equilibration method (constant pressure method) using a
      Hewlett-Packard 5880 gas chromatograph. The lambda values proposed can be
      employed in the field of biological monitoring of subjects occupationally exposed
      to solvents vapors.

PMID- 3836918
TI  - [Ionizing radiation and video computer terminals].
AB  - VDTs are more frequently being used and, therefore have given rise to the problem
      of security among operators exposed to possible X-ray emissions. The authors
      report the results of a dosimetric investigation, carried out through TLD CaF2:Dy
      on X-ray exposure levels close to video display terminals of a data processing
      center. After testing the exposure percentage values and the measurements
      adjusted to one-year basis, the authors report that the value are generally
      similar to those existing in the environment even though significant values have
      been found in a few cases.

PMID- 3836919
TI  - [Hepatitis A and B virus infections in refuse workers in Asti].
AB  - The authors have examined Hepatitis A and B virus infection risk in 93 dustmen
      and sewer workers. It has non been found a risk correlated with employment,
      though for some of them, with peculiar functions, the HBV and/or HAV serological
      markers prevalence rates were higher than in the remaining of the studied
      population.

PMID- 3836920
TI  - [Respiratory pathology caused by exposure to solvents in the shoe industry:
      description of 3 clinical cases].
AB  - Clinical and functional respiratory features of three shoe factory workers
      exposed to organic solvents from glue or other adhesives are described. All
      subjects complained of chronic cough, dyspnea and wheezing when exposed to non
      specific bronchial stimuli, and showed a non specific bronchial
      hyperresponsiveness to methacholine; symptoms and bronchial hyperreactivity
      persisted some years after the cessation of work. In two cases the onset of the
      symptoms was ascribed to the occupational exposure to glue activators (containing
      usually a considerable percentage of chlorinated hydrocarbons as dichloromethane
      or methilenedichloride). We supposed that occupational exposure to large amounts
      of glue solvents in shoe factory might cause a chronic airway impairment with non
      specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

PMID- 3836921
TI  - [Investigation of the exposure to solvents in leather goods workers in the
      Florence area].
AB  - A survey was carried out in 15 leather goods manufactures in the Florence's
      Province in order to indicate the parameters for the evaluation of the exposure
      due to solvents by personal samplings. N-esano concentration was correlated to
      the following parameters: ventilation, volume of the premises, gluing surface of
      the articles, gluing process and relative methods. Aim of the survey was to point
      out the more useful parameters, to assess the glue users exposure, in order to
      effect improvements in the working process and premises of the workshops in the
      whole area. As a final result of the survey the parameter with the best
      correlation to n-hexane concentration was the one indicated as "gluing method".
      Some prevention advises are indicated.

PMID- 3836922
TI  - [Quantification of pentachlorophenol in urine by gas chromatography/mass
      spectrometry with a fragmentographic technic].
AB  - A method involving GC/MS-Selective Ion Monitoring is presented for the
      quantitation of low levels of PCF in the urine of exposed workers. Procedures for
      removing coestractans and for derivatizing PCF are not required. The method is
      specific. The sensibility and reproducibility are satisfactory.

PMID- 3836923
TI  - [Delivery following previous cesarean section. Presentation of 200 cases].

PMID- 3836924
TI  - [Ovulation in the puerperium after premature delivery].

PMID- 3836925
TI  - [The most common etiologic factors in threatened premature labor].

PMID- 3836926
TI  - Stromal cells of the mammary gland in various functional states.

PMID- 3836927
TI  - Ultrastructure of the mammary gland in conditions of secretion deposition in the
      secretory portions.

PMID- 3836928
TI  - The structure and topography of the pterygopalatine ganglion in goose.

PMID- 3836929
TI  - Topography of rami communicantes of the pelvic part of the sympathetic trunk in
      human fetuses.

PMID- 3836930
TI  - Stereological investigation on mitochondria in dark and light cells of mouse
      blastocyst.

PMID- 3836931
TI  - Freezing and low temperature storage of cell lines with chromosomal aberrations
      and metabolic blocks in the tissue repository of the Child Health Center in
      Warsaw.

PMID- 3836932
TI  - Morphological evaluation of axonal endings regeneration in neuromuscular
      junctions under conditions of limited mobility.

PMID- 3836933
TI  - Vasodilators in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3836934
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of intravenous isosorbide dinitrate in patients of cardiac
      failure following acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3836936
TI  - Left ventricular global and regional functions in patients with ischaemic heart
      disease: comparison of resting radionuclide ventriculography with contrast
      ventriculography and coronary arteriography.

PMID- 3836935
TI  - Detection and quantification of mitral regurgitation by pulsed Doppler
      echocardiography.

PMID- 3836938
TI  - Critical evaluation of the coronary risk factors profile in patients with
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3836937
TI  - Myocardial infarction at autopsy: morphologic observations on 272 cases.

PMID- 3836939
TI  - Polymorphonuclear leukocytic sialic acid in essential hypertension.

PMID- 3836940
TI  - Incidence of rheumatic activity in left auricular appendage removed during
      surgery--a ten-year study.

PMID- 3836941
TI  - Serum immunoglobulins and C3 in rheumatic heart disease.

PMID- 3836942
TI  - Hypertension among the industrial workers and professional classes in Ludhiana,
      Punjab.

PMID- 3836943
TI  - Closed mitral valvotomy: a second look.

PMID- 3836944
TI  - Study of genetic variants of serum hyperlipidaemias in Jammu.

PMID- 3836945
TI  - A case of acute hypereosinophilic syndrome with post-mortem findings.

PMID- 3836946
TI  - Single coronary artery as an isolated anomaly.

PMID- 3836947
TI  - Free floating ball thrombus in left atrium: identification by two-dimensional
      echocardiography.

PMID- 3836948
TI  - "Stem-pipe" arteries--a cause of pseudohypertension.

PMID- 3836949
TI  - Evaluation of routine scanning in patients with breast cancer.

PMID- 3836950
TI  - The biological behaviour of carcinoma of the thyroid in the elderly.

PMID- 3836951
TI  - Medulloblastoma--a histomorphological profile.

PMID- 3836952
TI  - Radical radiotherapy and salvage surgery for T3N0M0 glottic cancer.... Is it
      feasible in the Indian population?

PMID- 3836953
TI  - Management of recurrent soft tissue sarcomas by conservative surgery and adjuvant
      intraoperative interstitial brachytherapy.

PMID- 3836954
TI  - Ultrastructure of chemically induced mouse skin tumours.

PMID- 3836955
TI  - Frozen section diagnosis in thyroid lesions.

PMID- 3836956
TI  - Cavernous haemangioma of testis with acute testicular infarction--a case report.

PMID- 3836957
TI  - A study of parthenium dermatitis.

PMID- 3836958
TI  - Eosinophilic granuloma of skin with Hand-Schuller-Christian disease (a case
      report).

PMID- 3836959
TI  - Sutton's aphthae and Behcet's syndrome.

PMID- 3836960
TI  - Study of dermatoglyphics in leprosy.

PMID- 3836961
TI  - The enigma of pulseless disease.

PMID- 3836962
TI  - The diagnostic value of glucose in pleural/peritoneal fluid in tuberculosis.

PMID- 3836963
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias in infants and children.

PMID- 3836964
TI  - Fulminant hepatic failure in childhood.

PMID- 3836965
TI  - Short course chemotherapy for tuberculosis in children.

PMID- 3836966
TI  - Thyroid function in fullterm and preterm newborns.

PMID- 3836967
TI  - Birth asphyxia-predictors of outcome and management.

PMID- 3836968
TI  - Intrauterine infections.

PMID- 3836969
TI  - Electroencephalographic correlation of clinical, radioisotopic brain scan, CT
      scan and postmortem diagnosis.

PMID- 3836970
TI  - The current status of phenobarbitone use in childhood.

PMID- 3836971
TI  - Interpreting an electrocardiogram: Part I.

PMID- 3836972
TI  - Surgical removal of tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies.

PMID- 3836973
TI  - Socio-biological parameters in relation to permanent sterilisation of parents.

PMID- 3836974
TI  - Shigellosis in children--prevalence of subgroups and antibiotic resistance.

PMID- 3836975
TI  - A multiple malformations syndrome with cleft lip and palate and ankyloblepharon
      filiforme adnatum.

PMID- 3836976
TI  - Anesthesia in cancrum oris.

PMID- 3836977
TI  - Budd-Chiari syndrome.

PMID- 3836978
TI  - Use of diazepam in status epilepticus.

PMID- 3836979
TI  - Inadequacy of breast milk--a myth or reality?

PMID- 3836980
TI  - Breast feeding ability of undernourished mothers and physical development of
      their infants during 0-1 year.

PMID- 3836981
TI  - Typhoid fever in young children.

PMID- 3836982
TI  - Accidents in infancy and childhood.

PMID- 3836983
TI  - Blood-brain barrier in non-infective convulsive disorders.

PMID- 3836984
TI  - Survey of mentally retarded persons.

PMID- 3836985
TI  - Parental refusal of medical care.

PMID- 3836986
TI  - Computed tomography (CT) scan in mentally retarded children.

PMID- 3836987
TI  - Dental caries.

PMID- 3836988
TI  - Leukocyte response in malaria.

PMID- 3836989
TI  - Shifts in selective visual attention: towards the underlying neural circuitry.
AB  - Psychophysical and physiological evidence indicates that the visual system of
      primates and humans has evolved a specialized processing focus moving across the
      visual scene. This study addresses the question of how simple networks of neuron
      like elements can account for a variety of phenomena associated with this shift
      of selective visual attention. Specifically, we propose the following: (1) A
      number of elementary features, such as color, orientation, direction of movement,
      disparity etc. are represented in parallel in different topographical maps,
      called the early representation. (2) There exists a selective mapping from the
      early topographic representation into a more central non-topographic
      representation, such that at any instant the central representation contains the
      properties of only a single location in the visual scene, the selected location.
      We suggest that this mapping is the principal expression of early selective
      visual attention. One function of selective attention is to fuse information from
      different maps into one coherent whole. (3) Certain selection rules determine
      which locations will be mapped into the central representation. The major rule,
      using the conspicuity of locations in the early representation, is implemented
      using a so-called Winner-Take-All network. Inhibiting the selected location in
      this network causes an automatic shift towards the next most conspicious
      location. Additional rules are proximity and similarity preferences. We discuss
      how these rules can be implemented in neuron-like networks and suggest a possible
      role for the extensive back-projection from the visual cortex to the LGN.

PMID- 3836990
TI  - Failure to confirm a correlation between electromyogram and final position.
AB  - Attempts were made to correlate angular position of the elbow with integrated
      electromyographic activity of biceps and triceps. Five conditions were studied:
      isometric co-contraction and immediately after fast flexion, slow flexion, fast
      extension and slow extension movements. Neither activity of biceps, activity of
      triceps or the ratio of activities correlated with any of four different angles
      for these five conditions.

PMID- 3836991
TI  - Normal-hearing teenagers' performance on time-compressed sentential stimuli.
AB  - Teenagers with normal hearing, reading, and learning abilities yielded normative
      data on time-compressed speech, either the Revised CID sentences or 3rd-order
      sentential approximations. There were 6 Ss, either all boys or all girls, in each
      of 12 subgroups combining age (median ages: 13, 15, 17 yrs), gender (M or F), SPL
      of test (45 or 60 db SPL), type of material ( RCIDs or sentential
      approximations), and percent time compression (0, 40, or 60%). The expected
      poorer performance was found with sentential approximations, either increased
      time compression, and with decreased level. This study provides normative data
      for teenagers' performance on tests of time-compressed sentential material.

PMID- 3836992
TI  - Noise exposure levels from model airplane engines.
AB  - Previous research indicates that noise levels from unmuffled model airplane
      engines produce sufficient noise to cause TTS. The present study explored SPLs of
      smaller engines under 3.25 cc (.19 cu. in.) and the effectiveness of engine
      mufflers. Results showed that model airplanes can exceed a widely used damage
      risk criterion (DRC) but that engine mufflers can reduce levels below DRC.
      Handling model gasoline engines should be added to the list of recreational
      activities such as snow-mobile and motorcycle riding, shooting, etc. in which the
      participant's hearing may be in jeopardy. Suggestions are presented to the model
      engine enthusiast for avoiding damage to hearing.

PMID- 3836993
TI  - Auditory adaptation: notes on power and parabolic curve fitting across intensity:
      II.
AB  - The classic Simultaneous Dichotic Loudness Balance (SDLB) procedure for the study
      of auditory adaptation was used by Weiler and Hood (1977) in a successful test of
      a model for predicting adaptation in db at intensities above the initial baseline
      values, using a linear approximation across levels. When Balzer et al (Brit. J.
      Audiol., 1984, 18, 49-50) fitted curves for simple baseline adaptation data from
      four studies based on SDLB data, they reported good fits for the Gompertz
      technique and for a parabolic formula, but did not test the relative goodness of
      fit for the linear formula, nor for power approximations as Stevens (1975) might
      have proposed. The present study makes use of the data used by Balzer et al but
      examines a linear fit as well as two approximations to Stevens' power law. The
      present finding that the linear approximation is the least efficient examined
      would suggest that the Weiler and Hood model should be re-examined to determine
      the degree to which the model can be improved by use of a curvilinear baseline
      fit. In addition, it might be noted that the curvilinear formulae, of necessity,
      involve two or more stages. It is the the current effort of this laboratory to
      determine whether this reflects a multifactor basis to the classic SDLB
      adaptation, as well as results from other adaptation techniques.

PMID- 3836994
TI  - The effects of multitalker and masker noise on fundamental frequency variability
      during spontaneous speech for children and adults.
AB  - Young adults (N:10) and children aged 5-10 yrs (14 M, 14 F) spoke spontaneously
      in quiet and in the presence of masking at 90 db SPL in binaural earphones,
      either white noise or multitalker noise. Fundamental frequency (fo) variability
      data (coefficients of variation) for the stressed and nonstressed words were
      submitted to ANOVA. Fo variability observed during the production of stressed
      words was significantly more variable than nonstressed words. Also, multitalker
      noise affected performance variability while white noise did not. Evidence
      supporting the operation of a mixed control strategy during speech production was
      discussed.

PMID- 3836995
TI  - Musical empathy (Einfuhling).
AB  - In this paper an "alpha-effect" is defined as a plethysmograph amplitude increase
      to the hearing of music concurrently with strong affinity for music, pleasurable
      feeling and reported empathy. Based on this definition a hypothetical model of
      empathy to music is formulated and the psychophysiological alpha-effect mechanism
      is related to the processes of empathy and cognitive attribution. In order to
      understand the psychophysiological mechanism of the alpha-effect, a network is
      proposed made up of several physiological processes with feedback circuits and
      feedback circuits at both the sensory and physiological level, and at the
      cognitive and psychological level. It was aimed also to give a theoretical
      account of the efficacy of music and to explicate the underlying
      psychophysiological mechanisms of that efficacy. The model may also help clinical
      psychologists who want to use music as a therapeutic tool in arranging optimal
      programs suited to the individual needs, experience, and background of a patient.

PMID- 3836996
TI  - Frequency discrimination in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus).
AB  - Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) (N:9, aged 24 mo) were trained using a
      positive reinforcement paradigm to respond to an assigned "standard" frequency of
      either 1.0 or 3.5 kc/s by pressing a response key. Each S was trained in 2 phases
      to respond to its assigned frequency rather than to alternately presented tones
      of a different frequency. In every test each S discriminated its assigned
      frequency at greater than chance levels. Discrimination ability was poorest when
      delta F was at the minimum tested (0.25 kc/s). Birds whose standard frequency was
      1.0 kc/s were better at the task than those trained to a 3.5-kc/s standard,
      especially when finer discriminations were required (Phase II). This superiority
      at 1.0 kc/s confirmed what was seen previously (Barton et al, J. Aud. Res., 1984,
      24, 87-97) in the Bobwhite's audibility curve; it was hypothesized that the
      correspondence may have to do with the need for adult birds to recognize
      frequency variations near 1.0 kc/s that are uniquely made by immediate
      conspecifics rather than other members of the species. As such it may well
      represent a "fine tuning" of the bird's acoustic abilities.

PMID- 3836997
TI  - Marine turtle middle-ear anatomy.
AB  - The middle-ear structures from 5 Atlantic Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and 1
      Atlantic Ridley (Lepidochelys kempi) marine turtles from dead specimens found
      stranded in the lower Chesapeake Bay were dissected and examined superficially
      and by light microscopy. The marine turtle middle ear is poorly adapted as an
      aerial receptor in mammalian and reptilian terms. However, it appears well
      designed as a peripheral component of a bone conduction system. The thick
      tympanum, while disadvantageous as an aerial receptor, likely enhances low
      frequency bone conduction hearing. The columella directly couples the cochlea and
      saccule so that its movement would stimulate each end organ. Turtle hearing is
      probably an integration of both outputs.

PMID- 3836998
TI  - Bhopal tragedy--a year later.

PMID- 3836999
TI  - Pattern of occurrence of hepatitis-B virus markers in body fluids among follow-up
      cases of liver diseases: a correlative study.

PMID- 3837000
TI  - Study of R wave, S wave and R/S ratio in precordial electrocardiographic leads
      recorded one intercostal space lower in cases with poor R wave progression.

PMID- 3837001
TI  - Spot urine test for quantitative estimation of proteinuria.

PMID- 3837002
TI  - Plasma fibrinogen, fibrinolytic activity and serum fibrinogen/fibrin degradation
      products in ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 3837003
TI  - Significance of carcinoembryonic antigen level in patients with ascites.

PMID- 3837004
TI  - Fatal pulmonary haemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3837005
TI  - Acute renal failure--an unusual presentation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (an
      autopsy report).

PMID- 3837006
TI  - Coronary artery spasm.

PMID- 3837007
TI  - Retreatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 3837008
TI  - Neem leaf poisoning.

PMID- 3837009
TI  - Trihexyphenidyl dependence.

PMID- 3837010
TI  - Aluminium phosphide poisoning.

PMID- 3837011
TI  - Stress polycythemia.

PMID- 3837012
TI  - Unusual neuropsychiatric manifestation of enteric fever.

PMID- 3837013
TI  - Visceral leishmaniasis: a typical clinical presentation.

PMID- 3837014
TI  - Imbalanced maternal mineral nutrition and Indian childhood cirrhosis.

PMID- 3837015
TI  - Short term chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 3837016
TI  - Brain 85. XII International Symposium on Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.
      Lund/Ronneby, Sweden. June 16-20, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3837017
TI  - Cell solute composition and potassium effects in slices of the rectal gland of
      the dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias).
AB  - Cell solute composition and apparent intracellular ionic concentrations
      (subscript i) were determined in rectal gland slices of the dogfish shark
      (Squalus acanthias). On aerobic incubation in elasmobranch Ringer's at 15 degrees
      C, the steady state values were: Ki+, 151 mM, close to its apparent
      electrochemical equilibrium; Cai2+, 1.7 mM; Mgi2+, 7.5 mM; Cl1-, 97 mM
      (maintained against its electrochemical potential gradient); the sum (Nai+ + Ki+)
      was about 66 meq/kg cell water lower than in the medium. Of free amino acids,
      only the effectively impermeable anionic taurine (32 mM) and glutamate (3.7 mM)
      significantly contribute to the Donnan system. Variations of the Ringer's K+
      concentrations, or the presence of 0.5 mM ouabain, demonstrated the permeability
      of the cell membrane to na+, K+, and Cl-. Cell volume changes: 0.5 mM ouabain
      produced a gradual swelling and ionic changes consistent with an inhibition of
      the sodium pump. In high-K+ media the cells swelled massively and the membrane
      depolarized. A linear relationship between cell volume changes and the Nernst
      potential for K+ was found. These properties are consistent with a pump-and-leak
      system for cell volume maintenance. The K+ -induced cell swelling was found to be
      reversible on transfer of the tissue to regular Ringer's. The extrusion of cell
      water was associated with an influx of Na+ into, and an efflux of K+ from, the
      cells (both fluxes down-hill), as well as extrusion of Cl- against its
      concentration gradient.2+

PMID- 3837018
TI  - Circadian oscillators, cell cycles, and singularities: light perturbations of the
      free-running rhythm of cell division in Euglena.
AB  - The free-running circadian rhythm of cell division in the algal flagellate,
      Euglena gracilis (Z) was perturbed by 3-h light signals of varying intensities
      imposed at different circadian times (CT). Light pulses within the range of 700
      to 7,500 lux were found to yield the same 'strong' (Type 0) phase response curve
      (PRC) comprising both advance and delay phase shifts as great as 15 h. Dark
      signals generated a PRC of reduced amplitude with very little, if any, phase
      advance being observed. Light perturbations of lower intensity, however, elicited
      quite different responses if applied at a quite specific circadian time: A 40- to
      400-lux pulse given at approximately CT 0 (late subjective night) induced total
      arrhythmicity, and the culture reverted to asynchronous, exponential growth.
      Different degrees of arrhythmicity were induced by the same low-intensity
      perturbations (I*) given slightly before or after this sensitive phase point
      (T*), but if imposed at other circadian times, they generated normal type 0 phase
      resetting. The demonstration of the existence of this critical pulse (T*, I*)
      provides further evidence that the cell division cycle of Euglena (and presumably
      other microorganisms) is regulated by a circadian oscillator and, in particular,
      by one having limit cycle dynamics.

PMID- 3837019
TI  - Catecholaminotropic effects of catecholamines in a teleost fish, Anguilla
      rostrata.
AB  - Injections of physiological and supraphysiological doses of epinephrine (E) into
      cardiac-cannulated eels cause a dose-related increase of plasma dopamine (DA) and
      norepinephrine (NE) within 3 min. Likewise, both exogenous DA and NE increase the
      plasma titers of the respective other two catecholamines (CAs). The baseline
      titers of NE and E are closely correlated. Lack of a correlation of the baseline
      titers of NE and E with that of DA appears to be due to a faster disappearance
      rate of DA from the circulation. E is strongly hyperglycemic, and the weaker
      glycemic action of NE may be mediated via E release. The effects of E seem to
      depend on a spurt-like increase rather than its titer per se. The ability of the
      eel to cope with very fast, excessive increases of plasma CAs raises the question
      of the underlying mechanisms.

PMID- 3837020
TI  - Maintenance of blood volume in snakes: transcapillary shifts of extravascular
      fluids during acute hemorrhage.
AB  - Tracer dilution analysis (D2O, 51Cr, and NaS14CN) was used to investigate the
      steady-state compartmentation of body fluids and the extent of fluid transfer
      from extravascular to vascular spaces during hemorrhage-induced hypovolemia in
      two species of snakes, Elaphe obsoleta and Crotalus viridis. Fluid spaces of the
      two species are not significantly different (means, blood volume 6.1, 5.4;
      extracellular fluid 42.2, 41.9; total body water 77.2, 77.2% body mass,
      respectively), but values for extracellular fluid exceed those reported for other
      reptiles. Both species of snake withstand graded hemorrhage where 4% of the
      initial blood volume is withdrawn every 10 min until the cumulative deficit is
      32%. Some snakes are able to maintain their initial blood volume throughout
      hemorrhage, while others restore 90% of deficits within 2 h after hemorrhage
      ceases. Typically, 50-60% of the hemorrhaged deficit is transferred from the
      interstitium to the circulation throughout hemorrhage (Fig. 2). The source of
      fluid entering the vascular space is entirely extracellular during hemorrhage,
      the blood within 2 h after hemorrhage ceases. Snakes are able to maintain
      arterial pressure during these experiments (Fig. 3). The ability of snakes to
      maintain hemodynamic stability despite substantial losses of blood can be
      explained in terms of a large interstitial fluid volume that may shift rapidly to
      the vascular space. Shifts in the opposite direction also occur in response to
      hemodynamic factors, implying a low resistance to fluid movement across the
      capillary wall.

PMID- 3837021
TI  - Autonomic adjustments during avoidance and orienting responses induced by
      electrical stimulation of the central nervous system in toads (Bufo paracnemis).
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the central nervous system of conscious toads with
      permanently implanted electrodes in regions related to orienting and avoidance
      responses induces cardiovascular (hypertension and tachycardia) and respiratory
      (increased intrapulmonary pressure) changes together with the somato-motor
      effects typical of these responses. Sympathetic activation occurs and the main
      peripheral mediator involved may be adrenergic, since the cardiovascular effects
      are almost completely blocket by systemic pretreatment with phentolamine and DCI.
      The cardiovascular changes obtained by central stimulation are qualitatively
      similar to those recorded for toads whose orienting and avoidance behaviors are
      obtained by the presentation of visual stimuli (presentation of a prey and of a
      black card moved over the experimental box). Variations in heart rhythm may occur
      in both cases in the absence of visible somatic manifestations or of other
      neurovegetative changes, thus showing the importance of this parameter as an
      index of sensory reception of biologically significant stimuli. The results are
      compared to those obtained under similar conditions in other non-mammalian
      vertebrates.

PMID- 3837022
TI  - Active chloride transport in rabbit thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and
      elasmobranch rectal gland: chloride fluxes in isolated plasma membranes.
AB  - To investigate directly whether a sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport system is
      operating in the mammalian thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TALH) and in the
      elasmobranch rectal gland, plasma membrane vesicles were prepared from TALH cells
      isolated from rabbit kidney outer medulla and from rectal glands of Squalus
      acanthias, and chloride uptake was measured by a rapid filtration technique.
      Chloride uptake into TALH vesicles in the presence of a 25 mM Na2SO4, 25 mM K2SO4
      gradient reached 70% of equilibrium at 2.5 min. In the presence of both sodium
      and potassium, the 15 s chloride uptake was inhibited 35% by 1 mM bumetanide.
      When either sodium or potassium was removed from the incubation medium, chloride
      uptake decreased to the level observed in the presence of 1 mM bumetanide, 0.5 mM
      SITS had no effect on chloride uptake by the plasma membrane vesicles. This
      sodium and potassium dependent, bumetanide sensitive chloride uptake was also
      observed under tracer exchange conditions. Chloride uptake into rectal gland
      plasma membrane vesicles in the presence of a 50 mM Na2SO4, 50 mM K2SO4 gradient
      reached 80% of equilibrium at 2.5 min. 1 mM bumetanide inhibited the 15 s uptake
      of chloride by 34% and removal of either sodium or potassium from the incubation
      medium reduced chloride uptake to the level observed in the presence of
      bumetanide under both gradient and tracer exchange conditions. These studies
      provide additional support for the hypothesis that a sodium-potassium-chloride
      cotransport system is operating in these epithelia.

PMID- 3837023
TI  - Heat loss regulation: role of appendages and torso in the deer mouse and the
      white rabbit.
AB  - Thermal conductance was subdivided into the component conductances of the
      appendages and torso using a heat transfer analysis for the deer mouse,
      Peromyscus maniculatus, and the white rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus. Our analysis
      was based on laboratory measurements of skin temperature and respiratory gas
      exchange made between air temperatures of 8 and 34 degrees C for the deer mouse,
      and from published data for the white rabbit. Two series conductances to heat
      transfer for each appendage and torso were evaluated: internal (hin), for blood
      flow and tissue conduction to the skin surface, and external (hex), for heat loss
      from the skin surface to the environment. These two series conductances were
      represented in a single, total conductance (htot). The limit to htot was set by
      hex and was reached by the torso htot of both animals. The increase in torso htot
      observed with air temperature for the mouse suggests that a pilomotor change in
      fur depth occurred. A control of htot below the limit set by hex was achieved by
      the hin of each appendage. Elevation of mouse thermal conductance (C) resulted
      from increases in feet, tail, and torso htot. In contrast, the rabbit showed no
      change in torso htot between 5 and 30 degrees C and ear htot exclusively
      increased C over these air temperatures. We suggest that the hyperthermia
      reported for the rabbit at 35 degrees C resulted from C reaching the physical
      limit set by torso and near hex. Thus the ear alone adjusted rabbit C, whereas
      the feet, tail, and the torso contributed to the adjustment of mouse C.

PMID- 3837024
TI  - Evaporative water loss: thermoregulatory requirements and measurements in the
      deer mouse and white rabbit.
AB  - Using a physical model of the capacity for non-evaporative heat loss and
      measurements of metabolic heat production, I evaluated the evaporative
      requirements for thermoregulation in the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, and
      the white rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus. The physical limit to non-evaporative
      heat loss was calculated from the heat transfer properties of the two animals and
      expressed as a maximum thermal conductance (Cmax). Two physiologically-based
      thermal conductances were derived from evaporative water loss, respiratory gas
      exchange and core temperature measurements made between 8 and 34 degrees C on the
      deer mouse, and taken from published data for the white rabbit. The thermal
      conductance for non-evaporative heat loss (C) was calculated from net heat
      production, whereas Cm represented the thermal conductance required to dissipate
      metabolic heat production. Evaporation is required when metabolic heat production
      exceeds the capacity for non-evaporative heat loss (as shown by Cm greater than
      Cmax). However, evaporation increased in both animals although additional
      capacity to lose heat remained (i.e., C less than Cmax). Evaporation increased
      with C above 30 degrees C for the mouse and at each 5 degrees C measurement
      interval from 15 to 30 degrees C for the rabbit. Thus, evaporation was greater
      than that required for thermoregulation for both animals as determined from a
      physical model of heat loss because both evaporation and C increased together to
      regulate heat loss.

PMID- 3837025
TI  - Embryonic nutrition, growth and energetics in Zoarces viviparus L. as indication
      of a maternal-fetal trophic relationship.
AB  - The embryos of Zoarces viviparus (L.) show linear growth during their
      intraovarian development. In early gestation before hatching, the embryos take up
      very small amounts of low molecular tracer compounds such as glucose, glycine or
      taurine. Later in gestation (two months after hatching), the embryos accumulate
      substantial amounts of the tracer compounds. The uptake rates of the tracer
      compounds in vitro are correlated with ambient concentrations of unlabelled
      compounds within the natural concentration range of the ovarian fluid. The
      highest uptake rates are found for glucose and the lowest for taurine. Release of
      14CO2 and dissolved organic carbon (DO14C) from assimilated tracers in the
      embryos is low. Oxygen uptake and body weight of the embryos appear to be
      linearly correlated, and the average oxygen uptake is 4.20 (SD 0.73) mumol O2 g-1
      h-1 WW at 11 degrees C. The contribution of glucose respiration to total aerobic
      respiration is 13.9%. A growth to respiration ratio of 0.91 indicates a
      relatively high efficiency for converting food to growth.

PMID- 3837026
TI  - Partial purification and kinetic characterization of the microsomal phospholipase
      A2 from thermally acclimated rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
AB  - Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was extracted from liver microsomal membranes of both 5
      and 20 degrees C-acclimated rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), using the non-ionic
      detergent, Triton X-100. Further purification was achieved by precipitation with
      35-65% ammonium sulfate followed by gel filtration chromatography in the presence
      of 0.1% Triton X-100 on Sephadex G-200. These procedures resulted in a 30-fold
      purification and the removal of all traces of phospholipid from the enzyme of
      both warm- and cold-acclimated trout. Column elution profiles were similar for
      both acclimation groups, yielding a molecular weight estimate for the trout liver
      enzyme of 73,000. Comparisons of activity levels and kinetic parameters of PLA2
      from warm- and cold-acclimated fish indicated that compensation for temperature
      at non-saturating substrate concentrations was an attribute of both the
      particulate (microsomal) enzyme and the lipid-free protein. Cold acclimation
      resulted in higher activity below Vmax due primarily to decreased apparent Km
      values. These adaptations to temperature could not be attributed to the
      interaction of the enzyme with the membrane lipids, but were due to qualitative
      changes in the enzyme that resulted from acclimation. Other adaptive qualities of
      PLA2, such as reduced Km in response to acute decreases in temperature in warm
      acclimated fish, were only apparent in particulate preparations, and thus were a
      function of the protein-lipid complex. These data suggest that an acclimation
      induced increase in the activity of PLA2 may result in the activation of a
      deacylation-reacylation cycle at cold temperatures.

PMID- 3837027
TI  - Identification of crystalline allantoin in the urine of African Cricetidae
      (Rodentia) and its role in their water economy.
AB  - All eleven cricetid species, examined in this investigation, produced an off
      white crystalline precipitate in their urine when deprived of water, whereas not
      one murid examined did so. This crystalline compound was identified as allantoin,
      a common end product of purine catabolism. The quantity found in the solid
      precipitate alone accounted for 47% of the total nitrogen excreted and was
      approximately 14 times greater than the predicted quantity of allantoin from
      purine degradation. It appears that there is a shift in nitrogen excretion from
      urea to allantoin in the Cricetidae. Water-deprived cricetids had higher urine
      osmolalities, urea concentrations and lower daily percentage body water turnovers
      than the murids. This can be explained by the substantial water savings
      associated with excreting solid allantoin. The discrepancy in the mode of
      nitrogen excretion between the two families inhabiting the Namib Desert can be
      attributed to their different evolutionary histories, the Cricetidae being pre
      adapted for survival in deserts.

PMID- 3837029
TI  - Parasite regulation of host insect metamorphosis: a new form of regulation in
      pseudoparasitized larvae of Trichoplusia ni.
AB  - When eggs of Trichoplusia ni (lepidoptera) are stung by a parasitic wasp,
      Chelonus sp., the developing host larvae precociously initiate metamorphosis ten
      days later. Precocious initiation of metamorphosis occurs even in
      'pseudoparasitized' stung hosts which contain no living parasites at the time of
      symptoms of host regulation by the parasite. In feeding, penultimate instar,
      pseudoparasitized hosts, the corpora allata activity, hemolymph juvenile hormone
      esterase activity, in vivo rates of juvenile hormone metabolism and changes in
      hemolymph protein composition all follow the pattern of the normal last instar.
      This and other evidence suggests the entire developmental pattern of the last
      larval instar is precociously expressed in penultimate instar, pseudoparasitized
      hosts. The cause of precocious expression of the developmental program leading to
      metamorphosis is a significant decrease in the critical size parameter that, in
      normal larvae, signals attainment of the last instar. The induction, in
      preultimate instar larvae, of the entire feeding stage developmental program
      leading to metamorphic commitment, using either biochemical, surgical or
      parasitic experimental probes, has not been previously reported. The results have
      important implications for the study of host-parasite endocrine interaction, of
      normal insect metamorphosis and even of human puberty.

PMID- 3837028
TI  - Thermal dependence of isotonic contractile properties of skeletal muscle and
      sprint performance of the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis.
AB  - Contractile properties of the fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) portion of the
      iliofibularis muscle and sprint running performance were studied at approximately
      5 degrees C intervals from 15-44 degrees C in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis.
      Maximal running velocity (VR) and stride frequency (f) were both greatest when
      body temperature (Tb) was 40 degrees C, the field-active Tb in Dipsosaurus. At 40
      degrees C VR was 4.3 +/- 0.2 m/s and f was 13.5 +/- 0.5 s-1. Between 25 and 40
      degrees C, the thermal dependencies of VR and f were approximately constant
      (Q10's of 1.31 and 1.36 got VR and f, respectively). Below 25 degrees C
      performance declined more markedly with decreasing temperature. At 20 degrees C
      strides were qualitatively normal, but VR was only half of the value at 25
      degrees C. At 15 degrees C the lizards were substantially incapacitated, and VR
      was 10% of the value at 20 degrees C. Stride length was approximately 0.33 m and
      changed very little with Tb from 20-44 degrees C. The time dependent contractile
      properties of FG muscle were affected more by temperature than was sprint
      performance. The maximal velocity of shortening at zero load (VO) was 18.7 0/s at
      40 degrees C and had a Q10 of 1.7 from 25-40 degrees C. Maximal power output
      (Wmax) determined from the force-velocity curve was 464 W/kg at 40 degrees C.
      Below 40 degrees C max varied with temperature with a Q10 of 2-3. The shape of
      the force-velocity curve changed little with temperature (Wmax/POVO = 0.11).
      Between 25 and 40 degrees C a relatively temperature-independent process must
      modulate the effects of temperature on the contractile properties of the muscles
      that supply the power for burst locomotion. Storage and recovery of elastic
      energy appears to be a likely candidate for such a process. Below 25 degrees C,
      however, the contraction time is prolonged to such an extent that the f
      attainable is limited by the minimum time taken to contract and relax the
      muscles.

PMID- 3837030
TI  - Adrenoceptor types in the respiratory vasculature of the salamander gill.
AB  - Adrenoreceptor types were determined in the branchial respiratory vasculature of
      the neotenic tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. Phenoxybenzamine antagonized
      increases in branchial vascular resistance caused by both epinephrine and
      norepinephrine. Propranolol antagonized both epinephrine- and norepinephrine
      induced dilation of this vascular bed. Isoproterenol produced solely
      vasodilation, phenylephrine had no effect, and methoxamine caused constriction
      only at a very high dose. It is concluded that alpha-adrenoceptors mediate the
      catecholamine-induced vasoconstriction, and beta-adrenoceptors the catecholamine
      induced vasodilation in the respiratory circulation of the gill.

PMID- 3837031
TI  - Rapid changes in the phospholipid composition of gill membranes during thermal
      acclimation of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri.
AB  - The phospholipid composition of gill tissue was determined in rainbow trout
      (Salmo gairdneri) undergoing thermal acclimation between 5 degrees C and 20
      degrees C for a period of up to 28 days. Proportions of phosphatidylethanolamine
      (PE) and cardiolipin (CL) increased during cold acclimation and decreased during
      warm acclimation; proportions of phosphatidylcholine (PC) changed in the opposite
      direction (i.e., decreased during cold acclimation). In contrast, levels of
      phosphatidylserine, -inositol, and sphingomyelin did not vary significantly.
      Thermal modulation of headgroup composition occurred rapidly as reflected by
      changes in the ratio of PC-to-PE, which rose significantly from 2.40 +/- 0.09 to
      2.92 +/- 0.09 within 72 h of transfer from 5 to 20 degrees C; adaptation to 5
      degrees C was equally rapid. Proportions of PE changed more rapidly than those of
      PC during cold adaptation, whereas the opposite was true during warm acclimation.
      Both the time course and the direction of the observed changes in phospholipid
      composition suggest that such adjustments may contribute to the homeoviscous
      regulation of membrane properties, particularly during the initial stages of
      thermal adaptation.

PMID- 3837032
TI  - Ontogeny of thermoregulation and energy metabolism in pygoscelid penguin chicks.
AB  - The ontogeny of thermoregulation and energy metabolism of chinstrap (Pygoscelis
      antarctica) and gentoo (P. papua) penguins was studied on King George Island,
      South Shetland Island, Antarctica. The major findings of this study are:
      Chinstrap and gentoo penguin chicks hatched completely poikilothermic, due to
      their poor heat-production ability at low ambient temperatures. They were able to
      maintain high body temperatures and metabolic rates only by being brooded by
      adults. Newly hatched chinstrap penguin chicks had, at a specified ambient
      temperature, significantly higher metabolic rates than newly hatched gentoos.
      Moreover, chinstrap chicks maintained a significantly higher body temperature. It
      is suggested that this is a non-acclimatory metabolic adaptation of chinstrap
      penguin chicks to the lower mean temperatures of their breeding areas. On the
      15th day after hatching, chinstrap chicks were completely, and gentoo chicks
      almost completely, homeothermic. In spite of their high thermogenic capacity from
      about day 10, chicks were not at that time capable of controlling heat
      dissipation, and were still dependent on their parents. In older downy chicks and
      fledglings, heat loss at low temperatures, expressed as heat conductance (CA),
      was similar to that found for the adults of other penguin species. Just before
      moulting the CA of chicks was lower than after moulting. Moulting alone did not
      cause a clear increase in CA. Towards the end of their stay on land the CA of pre
      fledged gentoos decreased by 31%. This decrease was not connected with the
      development of feathers or growth in the chicks' weight. The combination of the
      low CA and high SMR of chicks gave very low lower critical temperatures, near -15
      degrees C. The wide thermoneutral zones of the chicks covered the whole range of
      air temperature variations in the breeding colonies of both species studied on
      King George Island. The CA values of homeothermic chinstrap chicks were not lower
      than those of gentoos, despite the more southern breeding range of the former
      species. The older chicks of both species are well protected against cold. Any
      further increase in insulation in chinstrap chicks would be of no adaptative
      importance.

PMID- 3837033
TI  - The ionic composition of the plasma and erythrocytes of deep sea fish.
AB  - This paper reports measurements of the plasma osmolarities, the main inorganic
      ions and the concentrations of plasma proteins in nine species of deep sea fish
      from depths of 900-4,000 m. Chloride and magnesium values are high compared to
      those of shallow water fish. These ions may be contaminants from sea water either
      contributing to, or resulting from, the animals' moribund condition. They may
      also contribute to the failure of isolated erythrocytes to show ionic regulation
      even after being restored to their normal high pressure.

PMID- 3837034
TI  - Pressure inactivation of tetrameric lactate dehydrogenase homologues of
      confamilial deep-living fishes.
AB  - The susceptibility to inactivation by hydrostatic pressure of the tetrameric
      muscle-type (M4) lactate dehydrogenase homologues (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27; L-lactate:
      NAD+ oxidoreductase) from six confamilial macrourid fishes was compared at 4
      degrees C. These marine teleost fishes occur over depths of 260 to 4815 m. The
      pressures necessary to half-inactivate the LDH homologues are related to the
      pressures which the enzymes are exposed to in vivo; higher hydrostatic pressures
      are required to inactivate the LDH homologues of the deeper-occurring macrourids.
      The resistance of the LDH homologues to inactivation by pressure is affected by
      protein concentration. After an hour of incubation at pressure, the percent
      remaining activity approaches an asymptomatic value. The inactivation of the
      macrourid LDH homologues by pressure was not fully reversible. Assuming that
      inactivation by pressure was due to dissociation of the native tetramer to
      monomers, apparent equilibrium constants (Keq) were calculated. Volume changes
      (delta V) were calculated over the range of pressures for which plots ln Keq
      versus pressure were linear. The delta V of dissociation values of the macrourid
      homologues range from -219 to -439 ml mol-1. Although the hydrostatic pressures
      required to inactivate the LDH homologues of the macrourid fishes are greater
      than those which the enzymes are exposed to in vivo, the pressure-stability of
      these enzymes may reflect the resistance of these enzymes to pressure-enhanced
      proteolysis in vivo.

PMID- 3837035
TI  - Plasma free fatty acid levels during cold-induced and noradrenaline-induced
      nonshivering thermogenesis in the Djungarian hamster.
AB  - In Djungarian hamsters the cold-induced thermoregulatory heat production was
      preceded and accompanied by an increase in the plasma level of free fatty acids.
      In warm-acclimated hamsters this increase was found more pronounced (0.85 to 1.48
      mM) than in cold-acclimated hamsters (0.64 to 0.88 mM). Noradrenaline-induced
      thermogenesis at thermoneutrality provoked a similar increase in the free fatty
      acid level. Inhibition of nonshivering thermogenesis during cold exposure by
      propranolol abolished the increase in free fatty acids completely. The surgical
      removal of brown adipose tissue proportionately reduced the increase in free
      fatty acids. This indicates that the rise in plasma free fatty acids is
      functionally related to nonshivering thermogenesis and originates from brown
      adipose tissue.

PMID- 3837036
TI  - A comparison of quantitative ultrastructural and contractile characteristics of
      muscle fibre types of the perch, Perca fluviatilis L.
AB  - Quantitative ultrastructural and physiological parameters were investigated in
      three types of muscle fibres of Perca fluviatilis: white fibres from the m.
      levator operculi anterior, pink (intermediate) fibres of the m. hyohyoideus and
      deep red fibres of the m. levator operculi anterior. Times to peak tension and
      half relaxation times of isometric twitches increased in the mentioned order. The
      extent of contact between the T system and the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the
      relative volume and surface area of the terminal cisternae showed an inverse
      relation with the time to peak tension of the twitch. The maximal isometric
      tetanic force per unit cross section area was similar for all three investigated
      types. The inverse relation between the time to peak tension of the twitch and
      the relative length of contact between T system and SR is in agreement with data
      obtained for fast- and slow twitch muscle fibres of the carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

PMID- 3837037
TI  - Increased contribution of brown adipose tissue to nonshivering thermogenesis in
      the Djungarian hamster during cold-adaptation.
AB  - The effect of cold-adaptation was investigated on the brown adipose tissue of
      Djungarian hamsters. Animals maintained at 23 degrees C and 16 hours light per
      day (controls) were exposed to 5 degrees C. The wet weight of the total brown fat
      is reduced by some 40% within 4 days of cold-exposure, as a result of extensive
      triacylglycerol depletion of the tissue with no reduction in DNA; the tissue mass
      remains constant under persistent cold influence. The total amount of tissue
      mitochondria is doubled by 24 h and increases by a factor of 3 under persistent
      cold-stimulus, the specific respiratory capacity of the organelles remaining
      unchanged. The amount of 32 kDa regulatory protein per mg mitochondrial protein
      quantified from high-affinity GDP-binding, is increased by a factor of 2.7 after
      21 days of cold-adaptation; a 9-fold increment is found of the total
      mitochondrial GDB-binding capacity. Comparison of nonshivering thermogenesis and
      the maximal thermogenic capacity of brown fat, estimated from the maximal
      respiration of the isolated mitochondria and the total amount of mitochondria in
      the tissue, suggests that brown fat may contribute about 20% to the whole-body
      nonshivering thermogenesis in warm-adapted controls and 45% in cold-adapted
      hamsters. The estimated increase in thermogenic capacity of the tissue in
      response to 21 days of cold-adaptation corresponds to the increase in
      nonshivering thermogenesis, suggesting a central thermoregulatory role of brown
      fat during cold-adaptation.

PMID- 3837038
TI  - Chloride transport across the integumentary epithelium of Manduca sexta
      (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae).
AB  - Moulting fluid of Manduca sexta contains high concentrations of potassium and
      bicarbonate (100 mM) and low concentrations of chloride (5 mM). This fluid begins
      to disappear from the exuvial space approximately 9-10 h before the actual
      shedding of the integument. During this time, the integument can be isolated in
      an Ussing cell and electrical properties measured in vitro. In a normal 32 mM
      KHCO3 saline, potential difference (PD) is around 10 mV, exuvial side positive,
      and short-circuit current (SCC) is 15-20 microA cm-2. Substitution of chloride
      slightly reduces both PD and SCC, although resistance does not change
      significantly. Measurement of chloride transport in the absence of K+ indicates
      that 100% of the SCC can be accounted for by the net chloride flux (approximately
      2 microA cm-2). The Km and Jmax for transepithelial chloride transport are 14 mM
      and 0.1 microEq cm-2 h-1. Bilateral potassium addition stimulates chloride
      transport, doubling net chloride flux as potassium concentration increases from 2
      to 5 mM. Chloride net flux is not inhibited by the presence of furosemide (1 mM),
      nor in HCO3- -free saline by thiocyanate (1 or 10 mM) or acetazolamide (0.1 mM),
      but is inhibited by 100% N2. The pattern of chloride transport in M. sexta is
      similar to that previously reported for the rectum of locusts. As chloride is
      normally at low concentrations in the moulting fluid, it is suggested that this
      transport system acts to maintain low intracellular concentrations which may be
      necessary for enzymatic functions in the epidermal cells and has little
      importance in fluid transport.

PMID- 3837039
TI  - Effects of ambient temperature and altitude on ventilation and gas exchange in
      deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus).
AB  - The effects of different ambient temperatures (Ta) on gas exchange and
      ventilation in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were determined after
      acclimation to low and high altitude (340 and 3,800 m). At both low and high
      altitude, oxygen consumption (VO2) decreased with increasing Ta at Ta from -10 to
      30 degrees C. The VO2 was 15-20% smaller at high altitude than at low altitude at
      Ta below 30 degrees C. Increased VO2 at Ta below thermoneutrality was supported
      by increased minute volume (VI) at both low and high altitude. At most Ta, the
      change in VI was primarily a function of changing respiration frequency (f);
      relatively little change occurred in tidal volume (VT) or oxygen extraction
      efficiency (O2EE). At Ta = 0 degree C and below at high altitude, VI was constant
      due to declining VT and O2EE increased in order to maintain high VO2. At high
      altitude, VI (BTP) was 30-40% higher at a given Ta than at low altitude, except
      at Ta below 10 degrees C. The increased VI at high altitude was due primarily to
      a proportional increase in f, which attained mean values of 450-500 breaths/min
      at Ta below 0 degree C. The VI (STP) was equivalent at high and low altitude at
      Ta of 10 degrees C and above. At lower Ta, VI (STPD) was larger at low altitude.
      At both altitudes, respiratory heat loss was a small fraction (less than 10%) of
      metabolic heat production, except at high Ta (20-30 degrees C).

PMID- 3837040
TI  - Effects of water restriction on nitrogen metabolism and urea recycling in the
      macropodid marsupials Macropus eugenii (tammar wallaby) and Thylogale thetis (red
      necked pademelon).
AB  - The effects of water restriction on nitrogen metabolism were compared in the semi
      arid adapted tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) and a wallaby from a moist forest
      environment, the red-necked pademelon (Thylogale thetis). On a medium (9 to 13%)
      protein diet water restriction depressed dry matter and nitrogen intakes in both
      species. Nitrogen balance remained positive, but fell further in the pademelons.
      Urea excretion decreased in the tammars, but increased in the pademelons. Urea
      recycling as a proportion of urea entry rate tended to increase in the tammars
      but not in the pademelons. These findings suggest that T. thetis is not as well
      adapted as M. eugenii to coping with water shortages. In a second experiment
      water restriction depressed nitrogen balance in tammars on both high (15%) and
      low (5%) protein diets, but only on the latter diet did nitrogen balance become
      negative. Urea recycling was greater on the low than on the high protein diet,
      but was unaffected by water restriction. Although better able to withstand water
      stress, M. eugenii was unable to cope with both water stress and a low protein
      diet together. The reported ability of M. eugenii to maintain water intake by
      drinking sea water during the dry season when fresh water is unavailable and
      vegetation is of low protein content is thus of great ecological significance.

PMID- 3837041
TI  - Absorption tests in children with different states of malnutrition.

PMID- 3837042
TI  - An outbreak of food poisoning in a family due to Salmonella weltevreden at Delhi.

PMID- 3837043
TI  - Preventing hypothermia in trauma patients by microwave warming of i.v. fluids.
AB  - Warming plastic bags containing intravenous solutions in a microwave oven (MWO)
      raised the temperature from 18 degrees C to an average of 34.1 degrees, 40.2
      degrees, and 42.8 degrees C when treated for 120, 150, and 160 seconds,
      respectively. Fluids at 18 degrees C, when passed through a blood warmer,
      resulted in temperatures at the distal end (DE) of about 27 degrees C; but if the
      bags were priorly warmed to 42 degrees C, fluids arrived at the DE at a
      temperature of about 30 degrees C. Fluids heated by MWO to 42 degrees C through a
      single short tubing 180 cm long arrived at the DE at a temperature of 33.7
      degrees C. Fluids administered at operating room ambient temperature of 18
      degrees C arrived to the DE with a temperature of about 19 degrees C, thus most
      likely contributing to lowering the body temperature of traumatized patients
      treated with large volumes given at rapid flows. One group of 19 patients
      undergoing repair of injuries to extremities received infusions warmed by MWO to
      42 degrees, while other groups received them at about 20 degrees. After an
      initial fall, average temperature in the former tended toward normal levels while
      in the latter, body temperature declined. The simple expedience of MWO warming of
      the bags to 42 degrees C, and flowing through shorter administration tubing,
      appears to ameliorate this complication and in some cases prevents it.

PMID- 3837044
TI  - Pediatric carbon monoxide toxicity.
AB  - We report a series of 28 pediatric carbon monoxide exposures. Sixteen patients
      (57%) were judged to have potentially toxic carboxyhemeglobin (COHb) levels
      (greater than 15%). In this group the range of COHb blood levels was 16.7% to
      44.0% (mean = 26.5%). An unusually high incidence of syncope (56.3%, 9/16) and
      lethargy (68.7%, 11/16) was observed. Every patient with a COHb level greater
      than or equal to 24% experienced syncope; a marked departure from published adult
      values. Lethargy was reported at a mean COHb concentration of 25.9%. All patients
      with levels over 25% COHb, neurologic findings, acidosis, or syncope were
      considered candidates for hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). No morbidity from
      HBOT was encountered. Eighty-nine percent (25/28) of the patients are reportedly
      doing well, with no late sequelae identified. Delayed neurologic sequelae in
      three patients include chronic headaches, memory difficulties, or decline in
      school performance.

PMID- 3837045
TI  - Central anticholinergic syndrome in a child: a case report.
AB  - A 2-year-old boy developed classical signs and symptoms of the central
      anticholinergic syndrome after ingesting twenty 4-mg tablets of the antihistamine
      cyproheptadine (Periactin). His symptoms were dramatically reversed by the
      intravenous administration of physostigmine. The physiology of the
      anticholinergic system and physostigmine are discussed along with the
      indications, toxicity, and dosing of physostigmine.

PMID- 3837046
TI  - Acute pericarditis.
AB  - There are many causes of acute pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium) and
      diagnosis is often difficult owing to the dynamic nature of the disease. History
      and physical examination, augmented by radiographic and ECG studies, will allow
      the diagnosis to be made in the majority of cases. The ECG typically undergoes a
      four-stage evolution, and frequent reassessment of the patient is essential.
      Outpatient treatment is usually successful, although a subgroup of these patients
      require hospitalization.

PMID- 3837047
TI  - Flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy in the emergency department.
AB  - Endoscopic examination of the large bowel is an historically old procedure. It
      has become an important element in the initial evaluation of colorectal
      disorders. Recently the flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscope (FFS) has displaced the
      rigid scope because of increased patient comfort and compliance and markedly
      improved accuracy in diagnosing left colon lesions. The FFS is a valuable adjunct
      to the routine investigation of acute and chronic colorectal complaints seen in
      the emergency department. It has been endorsed by the American Cancer Society and
      is an easily learned and safe procedure when taught properly.

PMID- 3837048
TI  - Septic shock (Part 1).
AB  - Septic shock is a distinct clinical entity with an overall mortality of 30% to
      40%. Gram-negative organisms are the most frequently identified causal agents.
      The shock syndrome appears to result from activation of complement, coagulation,
      kinin, endorphin, and other hormonal systems. Physiologic abnormalities include
      hypotension, metabolic acidosis, increased cardiac index, and decreased tissue
      extraction of oxygen. Clinicians must entertain the diagnosis of septic shock in
      a variety of settings, as prognosis is affected by early institution of therapy.
      Treatment is directed toward control of infection with antibiotics and surgical
      drainage and cardiorespiratory support utilizing fluids and pressor agents.
      Future therapeutic options may include naloxone, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, and
      antiserum to endotoxin.

PMID- 3837049
TI  - Ponder physostigmine use.

PMID- 3837050
TI  - Elective diagnostics in the emergency department.

PMID- 3837051
TI  - 24-hour coverage: economics, academics, or comforts?

PMID- 3837052
TI  - Incidence of 24-hour faculty coverage in teaching EDs.
AB  - There is growing concern in academic emergency medicine as to the appropriateness
      of 24-hour faculty coverage in the teaching emergency department. We surveyed 170
      teaching emergency departments, 49 of which had approved emergency medicine
      residencies, asking for information regarding 24-hour faculty coverage. We were
      able to separate each department into one of 15 profiles based on the two
      variables of average ED yearly census and hospital type. Seventy-three percent of
      university teaching hospital EDs and 65% of those with emergency medicine
      residencies have 24-hour faculty coverage; 83% of private teaching hospital EDs
      and 100% of those with emergency medicine residencies have 24-hour faculty
      coverage; and 79% of city/county teaching hospital EDs and 80% of those with
      emergency medicine residencies have 24-hour faculty coverage.

PMID- 3837053
TI  - Genetic variation in low density lipoprotein. Beginning of a new era?

PMID- 3837055
TI  - Potentialities of immunocompetent cells in high and low antibody-producing lines
      of mice obtained by selective breedings for responsiveness to flagellar or
      somatic antigens of Salmonellae.
AB  - The genetic modifications of immunocompetent cell functions were investigated in
      high (H) and low (L) antibody responder lines of mice obtained by selective
      breeding for responsiveness to flagellar and somatic antigens of Salmonellae
      (Selection III and Selection IV, respectively). Several lines of evidence
      converge to demonstrate that the differences in antibody responses between the H
      and L lines of the two selections are not due to the modification of antigen
      handling by macrophages. This contrasts with previous observations that
      macrophages play a major role in interline differences in Selections I and II.
      The choice of antibody titres after secondary challenge as the phenotypic
      character in Selections III and IV may explain why the regulatory role of
      macrophages was minimized, compared with Selections I and II which were carried
      out for primary responses to heterologous erythrocytes. In Selections III and IV,
      H mouse lymphocytes were more efficient than L mouse lymphocytes in restoring
      immunoresponsiveness to irradiated hosts. In contrast, allogeneic skin grafts
      were rejected at a similar rate in L as well as in H mice of the two Selections
      and in vitro lymphoproliferative responses to T cell mitogens were also
      equivalent in the four lines.

PMID- 3837054
TI  - An idiotope expressed on a monoclonal antibody specific for human haemoglobin
      beta chain and naturally occurring immunoglobulin(s).
AB  - HId-1A (gamma 1:kappa), HId-2a (mu:kappa) and HId-4a (gamma 1:kappa) monoclonal
      anti-idiotopes of BALB/c origin were induced by the human haemoglobin-reactive,
      B10.D2-derived monoclonal antibody Hb-2d. HId-1a and HId-4a seem to react with
      the same idiotope and may, in fact, be encoded by the same V, D and J genes. HId
      2a, on the other hand, seems to react with an idiotope different from that
      recognized by the other two anti-Id's and present in the sera of non-immune B10-H
      2 congenic mice. HId-2a, but not HId-1a or HId-4a, may react with an idiotope in
      or near the antigen binding site of Hb-2d. Naturally occurring immunoglobulin
      carrying the HId-2a idiotope was affinity-purified from the pooled sera of B10-H
      2 congenic mice and partially characterized. It possesses primarily the gamma 2b
      heavy chain, but small amounts of gamma 1, gamma 2a and mu heavy chains are also
      detectable. The kappa and lambda 1 light chains are both present in significant
      amounts. In addition, the affinity-purified immunoglobulin is unreactive with
      human haemoglobin, is not a rheumatoid factor and does not express in detectable
      amounts the idiotope recognized by HId-1a and HId-4a. It is possible that all or
      some part of this polyclonal reagent is specific for antigens normally present in
      the environment.

PMID- 3837056
TI  - [Comparison of echocardiographic findings in patients with coronary triple vessel
      disease and dilated cardiomyopathy].
AB  - Echocardiographic findings of 11 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) were
      compared with those of 11 patient with coronary triple vessel disease, who showed
      extensive left ventricular (LV) wall motion abnormalities (abnormal LV regional
      wall motion observed in more than six of seven segments as classified by AHA) and
      a dilated LV cavity (LVEDVI: 120 ml/m2 or greater), consistent with so-called
      ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Short-axis two-dimensional echocardiograms of the
      left ventricle at the mitral valve, papillary muscle, and apical levels were
      divided equally into eight segments starting from the posterior aspect of the
      right side of the interventricular septum. Non-uniformity of LV regional wall
      motion abnormalities was demonstrated in seven patients (64%) with DCM and 11
      patients (100%) with ICM, and that of LV regional wall motion abnormalities of
      more than two degrees was observed in one patient (9%) with DCM and nine patients
      (82%) with ICM. LV regional wall thinning was observed in two patients (18%) with
      DCM and 11 patients (100%) with ICM. Increased echo intensity of the LV regional
      wall was observed in only four patients with ICM. Two patients (18%) with DCM and
      11 patients (100%) with ICM had episodes of chest pain and the former two had LV
      regional wall thinning, suggesting the possibility of post-myocarditis
      cardiomegaly. Abnormal Q waves in the electrocardiograms were observed in 10
      patients (91%) with ICM and in two (18%) with DCM. Exercise ECG tests were
      positive in nine of 11 patients with ICM, but in none of the five DCM
      examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3837057
TI  - [Reversible asynergy in acute transmural myocardial infarction: evaluations of
      patients with inferior infarction].
AB  - To evaluate the significance of chronological changes in wall motion
      abnormalities, echocardiography was performed for 46 patients with acute
      transmural inferior myocardial infarction without previous infarction or
      complications. Asynergy was analyzed by two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D
      Echo) on the third day (acute stage) and the 28th day (convalescent stage) after
      the onset of infarction. Asynergy was quantitatively estimated by dividing the
      left ventricle into 17 segments. The degree of asynergy was graded on a four
      point scale as dyskinesis = 3, akinesis = 2, hypokinesis = 1, and normokinesis =
      0. The total wall motion score (TWMS) was calculated on the both days.
      Improvement of asynergy was observed in 39 cases (84.8%). Among them, both the
      extent and degree of asynergy were improved in 17 cases (37.0%). In 10 cases
      (21.7%) the extent of asynergy was reduced. In the remaining 12 cases (26.1%),
      only the degree of asynergy was decreased. Concerning the relationship between
      the degree of asynergy on the 3rd day and the subsequent alteration of asynergy
      on the 28th day, two of four dyskinetic segments still had dyskinesis, and the
      other two reverted to akinesis. Among 156 akinetic segments, 80 did not change,
      but 58 reverted to hypokinesis and 18, to normokinesis. Among 82 hypokinetic
      segments, 48 did not change, but 34 became normal. The relationship between
      severity of asynergy on the third day indicated by the total wall motion score
      (TWMS 3rd) and the improvement in the score on the 28th day (TWMS 28th) was
      investigated in three patient groups: group-A (n = 19) showed TWMS 3rd greater
      than 9; group-B (n = 22), 9 greater than or equal to TWMS 3rd greater than or
      equal to 3; group-C (n = 5), TWMS 3rd less than 3. The frequency of "no
      improvement" was slightly higher in the group-C (62.5%) than in the group-A
      (52.1%) and in the group-B (56.4%). On comparison, improvement of asynergy was
      observed in the group-A in 47.9% and in the group-B in 43.6%, but the rate of
      resolution of asynergy was higher in group-B (53.6%) than in the group-A (40.3%).
      In the group-C, there was no case of significant coronary artery stenosis greater
      than 75% in diameter and sigma CPK was smaller than in the other two groups (p
      less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3837058
TI  - [Two-dimensional echocardiography in ventricular septal rupture after acute
      myocardial infarction].
AB  - We studied the echocardiographic findings of 11 patients with proven ventricular
      septal defect following acute myocardial infarction. There were seven men and
      four women whose ages ranged from 48 to 77 years, with an average of 66 years.
      Nine patients had acute anterior and two acute inferior myocardial infarctions.
      Two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) was performed for eight patients and M
      mode echocardiography for all 11 patients. In all eight patients with apical four
      chamber view, in whom four had additional apical short-axis view, the septal
      defect was directly visualized, but it was not detected by M-mode
      echocardiography. The defect was visualized in the apical region of the septum in
      all eight patients by the apical four-chamber view. The anteroapical region of
      the septum was the site in three with anterior infarction and the inferoapical
      region in one with inferior infarction by the apical short-axis view. In five of
      the eight patients who underwent 2DE, surgical or autopsy confirmation of the
      defects was obtained, with a complete agreement with the echocardiographic
      findings. In two patients with echocardiographic findings of septal defects, the
      perforations were confirmed at surgery. Two cases with aneurysmal bulges of thin
      septum into the right ventricle had the thin necrotic muscle in the anteroapical
      regions. One patient with a cystic bulge into the septum showed an irregular tear
      in the inferoapical region of the septum at surgery. In eight patients, the left
      ventricular wall motion was assessed by 2DE. Six patients revealed hyperkinetic
      motion in the non-infarcted areas of the basal septum or posterior wall, and
      these cases had good prognosis. We concluded that 2DE is a sensitive, prompt and
      safe technique for diagnosing and observing the risk of complicating septal
      defects in acute myocardial infarction. In this respect, both the apical four
      chamber and short-axis views should be utilized for the topographic diagnosis of
      the defect.

PMID- 3837059
TI  - [Transient appearance of asynergy on the echocardiogram and electrocardiographic
      changes simulating acute myocardial infarction following non-cardiac surgery].
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) was performed for six postoperative
      patients who had acute myocardial infarction (AMI)-like electrocardiographic
      (ECG) changes. All but one, who had coronary T waves, demonstrated abnormal Q
      waves in V1-V4, decreased amplitude of R waves, and low voltage in limb leads. ST
      elevation was also observed. Abnormal Q waves in V1-V4 began to resolve in a few
      days and the QRS complex reverted to normal within one month; however, coronary T
      waves were observed for at least three months. In the remainder one, persistent Q
      waves were present from the onset. 2-D echo, performed simultaneously with ECG,
      showed akinesis or dyskinesis accompanied by ventricular dilatation, not only at
      the anterior septum, anterior wall and around the apex, but in more extensive
      areas in four of five cases with abnormal Q waves in V1-V4. In two other cases,
      which showed abnormal Q or coronary T waves alone, akinesis was limited to the
      anterior septum and to the septal site and anterior wall of the apex. All
      abnormal findings on 2-D echo completely resolved within one month, as the ECG
      findings returned to normal. Compared with typical AMI showing abnormal Q waves
      in V1-V4, asynergy was recognized in more extensive areas and abnormal wall
      motion indices significantly improved in the postoperative cases. In the
      postoperative cases with AMI-like ECG, the CPK-MB fraction increased; however,
      the peak level of CPK was lower than that in typical AMI. On the basis of these
      results, transient AMI-like ECG findings in postoperative cases are due to
      extensive myocardial damage, which is probably derived from focal myocytolysis.

PMID- 3837060
TI  - [Mechanism of systolic anterior motion and left ventricular outflow obstruction
      in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy].
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed for 22 patients with
      asymmetric septal hypertrophy and systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral
      valve to clarify the mechanism of SAM and left ventricular outflow obstruction.
      The long-axis view of the left ventricle showed that a distal portion of the
      anterior mitral leaflet became surplus when the mitral valve was closed in 15 of
      16 patients with SAM-septal contact and in four of six patients without it. In
      these patients, the mitral leaflet coaptation was displaced anteriorly, and/or
      the anterior leaflet was elongated, showing an anterior motion. In an unusual
      patient with SAM-septal contact, a distal portion of the long posterior mitral
      leaflet was surplus. The remaining two patients without SAM-septal contact had a
      rather widely coapted portion of the mitral leaflets. The distal surplus portion
      and the coapted portion of the mitral valve were displaced anteriorly prior to
      the onset of ejection, and moved forward and protruded into the outflow tract
      more rapidly and more excessively than the papillary muscles during early to mid
      systole in all patients. Then, the distal mitral valve and the chordae tendineae
      adopted the configuration of an inverted V in mid systole. The tip of the surplus
      leaflet contacted the interventricular septum in patients with SAM-septal
      contacts. In the short-axis view of the left ventricle, the central portion of
      the distal mitral valve moved forward excessively and bent like an inverted U
      during early to mid systole. Therefore, SAM of the distal mitral valve is thought
      to be caused by the hydrodynamic force generated by the ejection flow. This force
      is supposed to be not only due to the Venturi effect, but is more properly
      understood as a "pushing force". Left ventricular outflow obstruction is
      considered to be formed by the protruding distal mitral valve and the
      hypertrophied septum.

PMID- 3837061
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging of cardiovascular thrombi].
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for 10 patients with
      cardiovascular thrombi using a 0.1-Tesla resistive type apparatus (ASAHI MARK-J).
      In all cases thrombi were clearly imaged by NMR and their shapes closely
      resembled those imaged by X-ray CT. Mural thrombi located within left ventricular
      aneurysms of two patients with old anteroseptal myocardial infarction were
      semilunar in form. A mural thrombus in the right ventricle of a patient with
      cardiovascular Behcet's disease was also clearly imaged. Mural thrombi within the
      enlarged left atrium of two patients with mitral valve stenosis and insufficiency
      were clearly demonstrated in both cross- and longitudinal sections. In three
      patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm, mural thrombi were recognized within the
      local dilatations of the aorta. In two patients with dissecting aortic aneurysm,
      mural thrombi were visualized within false lumen using MRI. Mean T1 values and
      standard deviations for the left ventricular cavity, the left ventricular wall,
      and the thrombi were 639 +/- 49, 349 +/- 17 and 316 +/- 84 msec, respectively.
      Mean T1 values of the thrombi were usually shorter than those of the left
      ventricular wall. Some supposedly fresh thrombi had longer T1 values, however.

PMID- 3837062
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of various cardiac diseases using body surface mapping].
AB  - Body surface mapping (map) was used to evaluate various cardiac diseases
      quantitatively. For 30 cases with old anterior myocardial infarction (AMI), map
      parameters were compared with infarct size assessed by left ventriculography and
      201Tl myocardial scintigraphy (LV% asynergy and 201Tl% defect, respectively).
      Parameters used in the present study were nSubtraction 40 (sigma Subtr. 40),
      which were obtained by the summation of voltages less than the lower limit of
      normal range (mean--2SD) at 40 msec from the QRS onset and nSubtraction 10-60
      (sigma Subtr. 10-60), which was obtained by the integral of voltages below the
      normal range, calculated each 10 msec to 60 msec, as well as the number of lead
      points with Q waves of 30, 40 msec duration (nQ30, nQ40), and the summation of R
      voltages over the entire body surface (sigma R). In 19 cases with aortic
      regurgitation (AR), R and S voltages in each lead were compared with left
      ventricular diastolic dimension (LVDd) obtained by echocardiography. In 43
      healthy persons and two patients with RV pacing, the ventricular activation time
      was measured in each lead (VAT map). In AMI, nSubtr. 40 correlated best with LV%
      asynergy (r = 0.70, p less than 0.001). EF and 201Tl% defect were related to
      nSubtr. 10-60 (r = 0.83, p less than 0.001 and r = 0.85, p less than 0.001,
      respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3837063
TI  - [Estimation of location and size of myocardial infarction from body surface
      potentials using the ECG inverse solution method].
AB  - This paper describes a non-invasive mathematical method for estimating the
      locations and sizes of myocardial infarction using body surface
      electrocardiographic mappings. The inverse calculation is the theoretical basis
      of our method of estimation. First, the boundary integral equations were used to
      relate body surface and epicardial potential distributions. Next, a spherical
      harmonic expansion was used to solve the equations in order to obtain the
      epicardial potentials from the body surface potentials. The validity of the
      method was assessed by animal experiments and the clinical application. Body
      surface potentials were recorded using a 128 channel electrocardiographic mapping
      device equipped with a 16 bit microprocessor. In the animal study, the epicardial
      potentials were recorded by another potential mapping device simultaneously with
      body surface potential recordings. In the animal study, 60 epicardial electrodes
      and a freezing unit were mounted on a elastic fabric sack and attached to the
      heart. After completion of open chest surgery, freezing myocardial injury was
      incurred by perfusing -50 degrees C acetone-dry ice cryogen into the freezing
      unit. Twenty minutes after the start of freezing, ST elevations of the body
      surface and epicardial potentials were simultaneously recorded. An ST subtraction
      map was compiled as the difference between the maps before and after the
      myocardial freezing injury. Then, an inverse calculation was applied to the ST
      subtraction potentials to estimate the epicardial ST elevation. The geometric
      parameters of each electrode were determined from stereometry using two
      dimensional X-ray images. In the clinical study, the body surface potentials of a
      patient with old myocardial infarction were recorded. The abnormal Q subtraction
      map was calculated as the difference between the measured and standard potentials
      of a normal subject. In the inverse calculation, the geometric shape of the heart
      and the body surface were determined from cross-sectional body images of computed
      tomography. The location of the infarction was estimated independently using
      coronary arteriography and left ventriculography. The results obtained were as
      follows: Experimentally, the estimated epicardial ST elevations correlated well
      with the measured ones. The area of estimated ST elevation included the portion
      of the myocardial injury produced by the freezing procedure, although the area
      estimated was relatively small compared with the actual one. Clinically, the
      estimated abnormal Q area correlated well with the area of the left anterior
      descending artery in which severe stenosis was detected by coronary
      arteriography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3837064
TI  - [Right ventricular dysplasia: clinical characteristics of five patients].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinical features of right
      ventricular (RV) dysplasia, a recently described clinical entity characterized by
      RV myopathic changes and ventricular tachycardia of left bundle branch block
      morphology. Five cases were reported, in which the diagnosis was established
      according to the criteria of Marcus. Case 1, a 33-year-old man, was referred to
      us for evaluation of his paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia of five years
      duration. Case 2, a 38-year-old man, was admitted because of shock caused by
      ventricular tachycardia. In both cases, the QRS configurations during ventricular
      tachycardia were those of the left bundle branch block pattern, and
      electrocardiograms during sinus rhythm showed T wave inversions in the right
      precordial leads and late ventricular potentials. Two-dimensional
      echocardiography, radionuclide angiography and contrast angiography disclosed RV
      dilatation and dysfunction with normal left ventricular (LV) function. The
      biopsied myocardium from the right and left ventricles in Case 2 revealed
      myocytolysis, a paucity of myofibrils and proliferation of collagen fibers. Case
      3, a 73-year-old woman began to experience exertional dyspnea since 16 years of
      age. Her treatment consisted of bed rest, diuretics and digitalis. In December
      1983, her New York Heart Association functional class was III, and physical
      examinations disclosed a Levine III/VI systolic murmur suggestive of tricuspid
      regurgitation, jugular vein dilatation, hepatomegaly, and pretibial edema.
      Electrocardiogram showed atrial fibrillation, incomplete right bundle branch
      block and T wave inversions in the precordial leads. Chest radiograph revealed
      marked cardiomegaly (cardiothoracic ratio of 92%). Echocardiography, radionuclide
      angiography and contrast angiography revealed marked RV dilatation, depressed
      ejection fraction (RV end-diastolic volume index of 342 ml/m2, and RV ejection
      fraction of 28%). Case 4, a 20-year-old man, was admitted with a chief complaint
      of palpitation. Case 5, a 19-year-old man, was referred to us for the evaluation
      of asymptomatic cardiomegaly, and his cardiothoracic ratio was 54%. A 12-lead
      electrocardiogram showed right bundle branch block and T wave inversions in the
      right precordial leads. Ambulatory electrocardiography revealed frequent
      premature ventricular complexes of the left bundle branch block pattern.
      Echocardiography, radionuclide angiography, and contrast angiography disclosed RV
      dilatation and dysfunction in both cases, and mild LV dilatation and dysfunction
      (LV end-diastolic volume index of 149 ml/m2, LV ejection fraction of 48%) in Case
      4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3837065
TI  - [Effect of calcium antagonist (diltiazem) on left ventricular diastolic
      properties in essential hypertension: a pulsed Doppler echocardiographic study].
AB  - To evaluate the acute effect of diltiazem on left ventricular diastolic
      properties, we measured transmitral flow in 15 patients with essential
      hypertension using pulsed Doppler techniques. Before administering diltiazem, the
      peak velocity (R) and the deceleration rate of rapid inflow decreased
      significantly as compared with healthy subjects, but the peak velocity during
      atrial contraction (A) and the A/R increased significantly. Immediately after the
      intravenous administration of 10 mg diltiazem, blood pressure decreased from 157
      +/- 22/96 +/- 12 mmHg to 135 +/- 19/82 +/- 11 mmHg (p less than 0.001) and the
      heart rate increased from 69 +/- 10/min to 74 +/- 10/min (p less than 0.05).
      However, 30 minutes after the injection, these returned to control values. The
      peak velocity and deceleration rate of rapid inflow were 52 +/- 9 cm/sec and 227
      +/- 65 cm/sec2, respectively, before administering diltiazem, and five minutes
      after injection, these parameters increased to 63 +/- 13 cm/sec (p less than
      0.001) and 292 +/- 82 cm/sec2 (p less than 0.001), respectively. Thirty minutes
      later, these values leveled off at 58 +/- 12 cm/sec (p less than 0.01) and 257 +/
      76 cm/sec2 (p less than 0.05), respectively. The peak velocity during atrial
      contraction was 67 +/- 12 cm/sec before administration, and this did not change
      significantly after injecting diltiazem. Significant increases in peak velocity
      and deceleration rate of rapid inflow and decreases in the A/R continued after
      the blood pressure and heart rate returned to control values. It was therefore
      concluded that diltiazem improves impaired early diastolic left ventricular
      filling in essential hypertension.

PMID- 3837066
TI  - [Human adult left atrial volume estimated by M-mode echocardiography].
AB  - There are few systematic reports of the regression equation for humans, for
      estimating left atrial volumes from the anteroposterior left atrial dimensions
      measured by M-mode echocardiography (LADAP). In addition, several pitfalls were
      inherent in the M-mode method. In view of these pitfalls, we estimated the
      anteroposterior left atrial dimensions by directing the ultrasonic beam toward
      the "center" of the left atrium under the guidance of two-dimensional
      echocardiography. Simultaneously, we estimated left atrial volumes from
      anteroposterior and left lateral biplane left atrial angiocardiograms using a
      film changer at three frames per sec. The maximum elapsed time between the
      echocardiographic and angiocardiographic studies was two days. Left atrial
      volumes were calculated using the method of Sauter et al. Maximum left atrial
      volume was calculated at the end of the T wave. The results were as follows: For
      phantom experiments, a cylindrical container with varying amounts of contrast
      material was tested by biplane angiography using a film changer. The actual
      volume (x) and the calculated volume (y) were in good agreement with the
      regression equation; y = 1.05x-0.1 (r = 0.99, p less than 0.001, n = 6). The
      anteroposterior left atrial dimension in M-mode echocardiography (LADAP: x axis)
      and left atrial volume (ml) angiocardiographically obtained (y axis) showed the
      curvilinear regression equation; y = 1.4x3+23 (r = 0.83, p less than 0.01, n =
      19). The relation between the left atrial cross-sectional area (cm2) obtained
      from the left ventricular long-axis view by two-dimensional echocardiography (x
      axis) and the left atrial volume (ml) by angiocardiography using a film changer
      (y axis) showed the regression equation; y = 1.2x1.5+17 (r = 0.82, p less than
      0.01, n = 14). As a preliminary study, we calculated left atrial volume (LAVcine)
      for five patients by performing biplane cineangiocardiography at 50 frames per
      sec. The results were nearly the same as those obtained using a film changer. In
      summary, the derived equation predicts left atrial volume using M-mode
      echocardiography with considerable accuracy.

PMID- 3837067
TI  - [Genesis of protodiastolic extra heart sound in mitral stenosis: a phono-, apex-,
      echo- and cineangiographic study].
AB  - To clarify the genesis of a protodiastolic extra heart sound (S3') which was
      occasionally recorded at about the beginning of a diastolic rumble in mitral
      stenosis (MS), phono-, apex- and echocardiography were performed for 33 patients
      with MS, and left ventricular (LV) cineangiography was performed for eight of
      them. The patients were classified as S3'(+) and S3'(-) groups, according to
      whether they had S3'. Results were as follows: The S3' was synchronous with the
      rapid filling (RF) wave of the apexcardiogram (ACG). Its amplitude was
      proportional to the size of the RF wave. The RF wave was significantly sharper in
      the S3'(+) group as compared with that of the S3'(-) group. The S3' always
      appeared after onset of dispersion of dots in the velocity pattern of blood flow
      at the mitral valve orifice according to pulsed Doppler echocardiography. There
      was no significant difference between the S3'(+) and S3'(-) groups in the region
      of the mitral valve orifice according to two-dimensional echocardiography, and at
      the peak rate of change of the LV dimension during diastole as determined by M
      mode echocardiography. The peak rate of change of the long-axis dimension of the
      LV during diastole as determined by cineangiography was significantly greater in
      the S3'(+) group than in the S3'(-) group. However, there was no significant
      difference between the two groups regarding the peak rate of change in the short
      axis dimension of the LV during diastole as determined by cineangiography. The
      amplitude of the early diastolic dip of the interventricular septum (IVS) was
      significantly greater in the S3'(+) group as compared with that of the S3'(-)
      group. The amplitude of the S3' and the size of the RF wave correlated positively
      with the amplitude of the early diastolic dip of the IVS in pts with atrial
      fibrillation. Fractional shortening of the LV ascertained by M-mode
      echocardiography was significantly greater in the S3'(+) group than in the S3'(-)
      group. The end-systolic dimension of the LV tended to be less in the former than
      in the latter group. In conclusion, the S3' in MS was considered to be a third
      heart sound. Expansion along the long-axis of the LV and its sudden change in
      early diastole may account for the genesis of the S3', and this expansion may be
      accentuated by restoring force and active diastolic suction of the LV, and by
      velocity, direction and spread toward the cardiac apex of the stenotic mitral jet
      flow.

PMID- 3837068
TI  - [Mitral regurgitation: detection and quantitative evaluation by two-dimensional
      Doppler echocardiography].
AB  - Mitral regurgitation was detected and quantitatively evaluated using two
      dimensional Doppler-echocardiography. The subjects consisted of 74 cases having a
      variety of heart diseases, who underwent left ventriculography within one week
      before or after the Doppler study. Among 50 patients with mitral regurgitation
      confirmed by left ventriculography, the Doppler study detected mitral regurgitant
      flow signals in 46, for a sensitivity of 92%. Minimal mitral regurgitation in
      four cases could not be detected by Doppler studies. Twenty-four patients had no
      mitral regurgitation according to left ventriculography; all but one also had no
      mitral regurgitation by Doppler study, for a specificity of 96%. In one false
      positive case, typical mitral regurgitant flow signals were detected in an area
      localized within the left atrial cavity near the mitral valve orifice. The
      possibility remains that left ventriculography missed this minimal regurgitation.
      For quantitative assessment of mitral regurgitation, the following two methods
      were used. Three long-axis views through the lateral, middle and medial parts of
      the mitral valve, and a short-axis view at the level of the mitral orifice were
      imaged via the parasternal approach. The area where mitral regurgitant flow
      signals were detected was mapped on each cross-sectional echocardiogram, then the
      distance attained by the regurgitant flow from the mitral valve and the area
      covered by the regurgitant flow were determined. The maximal distance among the
      three long-axis views and the sum of the distances in these views was parallel to
      the severity of mitral regurgitation as assessed by left
      ventriculography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3837069
TI  - [Late diastolic mitral regurgitation: pulsed Doppler echocardiographic study].
AB  - Since the description of late diastolic mitral regurgitation (MR) detected by
      left ventriculography, the risk of overestimating systolic MR has been pointed
      out. However, it has not been well studied by pulsed Doppler echocardiography,
      though this method is thought to be extremely useful to analyze systolic MR. The
      purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of pulsed Doppler
      echocardiography in assessing late diastolic MR and to clarify the
      pathophysiology of this MR. With the probe in the apical position, the blood flow
      pattern at the left atrial outflow tract was investigated in 226 consecutive
      cases who underwent left ventriculography. Late diastolic MR, which could not be
      attributed to ventricular premature contraction, was observed in 10 cases (4.4%)
      by left ventriculography. Meanwhile, by pulsed Doppler echocardiography, late
      diastolic disturbed flow directing towards the left atrial cavity in late
      diastole was detected in 15 cases (6.6%) including 10 cases with positive left
      ventriculographic MR. Among these 15 cases, 14 (93%) had atrial fibrillation and
      exhibited this MR only in the cardiac cycle with prolonged R-R intervals. The
      limitation in number of cardiac cycles which could be analyzed and the rapid
      heart rate eliminating the appearance of the beat with prolonged R-R intervals
      may be the reasons for the paucity of late diastolic MR by left ventriculography.
      Ten cases (66%) of late diastolic MR, including one with sinus rhythm, had aortic
      regurgitation, three cases showed high-grade systolic MR, and two had atrial
      septal defect. The simultaneous recording of pulmonary arterial wedge pressure
      and left ventricular pressure in three patients show a reversal of pressure
      gradient across the mitral valve in late diastole when the R-R interval was
      prolonged. In conclusion, pulsed Doppler echocardiography is useful in detecting
      late diastolic MR, and in reducing overestimates of systolic MR by
      ventriculography which was induced by erroneous addition of late diastolic MR,
      because Doppler method has better time resolution in phase analysis. We believe
      that incomplete premature mitral valve closure caused by a delay in left
      ventricular contraction following prolonged R-R intervals, and the reversal of
      left atrial-left ventricular pressure gradient induced by left ventricular over
      filling played important roles in the occurrence of late diastolic MR.

PMID- 3837070
TI  - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic measurement of the surgical aortic ring: its
      clinical significance in non-rheumatic regurgitation and in predicting the sizes
      of prosthetic valves].
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to determine the usefulness of two
      dimensional echocardiographic measurements of the surgical aortic ring diameters
      (ARDs) in predicting correct sizes of the prosthetic valves and in determining
      the mechanisms of aortic regurgitation. Forty patients with aortic regurgitation
      who underwent prosthetic valve surgery, and 20 normal controls were selected for
      the study. The 40 patients consisted of 21 with rheumatic aortic regurgitation
      (RHD group), and 19 with non-rheumatic non-inflammatory aortic regurgitation (non
      RHD group). Aortic regurgitation due to annuloaortic ectasia with or without the
      stigmata of Marfan's syndrome and bicuspid aortic valves were excluded from the
      non-RHD group. Echocardiographic estimates of the ARDs proved to be useful for
      predicting prosthetic valve sizes considering the good correlation between the
      echocardiographic and direct measurements (r = 0.814), despite a slight tendency
      to echocardiographic underestimation. The ARDs was 24.7 +/- 3 mm in the RHD
      group, 28.8 +/- 2.9 mm in the non-RHD group and 21.8 +/- 1.7 mm in the normal
      controls. The ARDs in the RHD group was significantly larger than that of the
      normal controls (p less than 0.001), and the ARDs of the non-RHD group was
      significantly larger than that of the RHD group (p less than 0.001). There were
      loose correlations between the ARDs and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension,
      and between the ARDs and left ventricular end-systolic dimension in the RHD group
      (r = 0.549 and r = 0.455, respectively), but there were no correlations between
      these two parameters in the non-RHD group. In four patients with aortic
      regurgitation in the non-RHD group, mitral regurgitation coexisted. Both the ARDs
      and the mitral ring dimension were markedly increased in these patients. It is
      concluded that in the non-RHD group, marked dilatation of the ARDs appears to be
      one of the cause of aortic regurgitation.

PMID- 3837071
TI  - [Value and problems of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of aortic
      dissection].
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging was performed for 14 patients with aortic
      dissection using a 0.15 T resistive magnetic imaging system (Toshiba MRT-15A).
      The diagnosis was confirmed by X-ray computed tomography. The scan time was 15
      minutes, and five or 10 slices were obtained simultaneously. The imaging was made
      using spin echo method (repetition time: TR = 200-800 msec, and echo delay time:
      TE = 40 msec). The natural contrast between flowing blood and stationary material
      permits the clear demonstration of the intimal flap of aortic dissection. The
      intimal flap was demonstrated in seven cases as a curvilinear high intensity band
      within the dilated aorta in consecutive sections. The rapidly flowing blood in
      the narrow true lumen produced little or no signal, while eddy currents within
      the false lumen usually produced signals. The thrombi in the false lumen had high
      intensity. In seven cases, the false lumen was completely filled with thrombi and
      the intimal flap could not be observed on nuclear magnetic resonance images.

PMID- 3837072
TI  - [Echocardiographic features of small heart].
AB  - To clarify the clinical significance of a small heart; i.e., a small cardiac
      silhouette on chest radiography, an echocardiographic study was performed. Sixty
      persons with small heart according to cardiothoracic ratios less than or equal to
      40%, and 23 age- and sex-matched normal controls (42% less than cardiothoracic
      ratio less than or equal to 50%) received two-dimensional and M-mode
      echocardiography. The body weights and body surface areas (BSA) in the small
      heart group were significantly less than those in the control group. On the
      lateral chest radiographs, numerous cases with small heart had straight spines
      and chests with decreased anteroposterior diameters. More than half of the small
      heart group had a variety of cardiovascular complaints, including chest pain,
      palpitation, dyspnea, and dizziness. Echocardiographic measurements were
      performed and hemodynamic indices were calculated. The results were as follows:
      Left ventricular dimension at end-diastole (LVDd), left ventricular dimension at
      end-systole (LVDs), left atrial dimension (LAD), and left ventricular mass (LV
      mass) of the small heart group were significantly less than those of the control
      group. There were, however, no differences in the values corrected by BSA
      (LVDd/BSA, LVDs/BSA, LAD/BSA and LV mass/BSA) between the two groups. We found no
      differences in hemodynamic indices (heart rate, stroke volume, ejection fraction,
      and cardiac output) at rest between the small heart and control groups. Nineteen
      cases (32%) had mitral valve prolapse (MVP) on echocardiography in the small
      heart group. Characteristic phonocardiographic findings were found in 11 cases
      with MVP (systolic click in four, mitral regurgitant murmur in three, and both in
      four).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3837073
TI  - [Diagnostic evaluations of 36 surgical patients confirmed by noninvasive
      technique, mainly by two-dimensional echocardiography].
AB  - In 1983, 290 patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) underwent surgery at
      our institute. Among them, 36 (12%) had no preoperative catheterization or
      angiography. These 36 patients were categorized as group I consisting of 12
      patients less than two months of age and group II consisting of 18 patients more
      than one year of age. The diagnosis was accurate in 34 of the 36 patients (94%).
      Assessment by two-dimensional echocardiography (2-DE) was incomplete for two
      patients. A secundum atrial septal defect in one patient diagnosed by 2-DE,
      proved at surgery to be a sinus venosus type atrial septal defect with partial
      anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Another patient was diagnosed as having
      tetralogy of Fallot with the absent pulmonary valve by 2-DE, but anomalous origin
      of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta was also found at surgery.
      There were 25 operations in patients less than two months of age, and 12 (48%) of
      them had surgery without catheterization (Group I). Most patients in Group I were
      less than two weeks of age (nine patients) and six of these were operated without
      catheterization (pure pulmonary atresia: 2, total anomalous pulmonary venous
      drainage: 2, interruption of the aorta: 1, tetralogy of Fallot with absent
      pulmonary valve: 1). Another two cases had surgery after only radial artery
      retrograde aortic arch visualization, then, preoperative intracardiac
      catheterization was avoided in eight (89%) of the nine patients. Atrial septal
      defect (ASD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) patients, 25% and 69% of the
      cases, respectively, were operated on without catheterization. In conclusion, we
      can better maintain the general condition of critically-ill neonates and infants
      in surgery, when prompt and accurate 2-DE diagnoses are made for typical cases
      without catheterization and angiography. In older children of uncomplicated ASD
      or PDA with typical physical findings, we can avoid catheterization before
      surgery. If, however, information is insufficient for deciding surgery, we should
      carry out invasive examinations without hesitation.

PMID- 3837074
TI  - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of systemic-pulmonary shunts in
      infants with cyanotic heart disease].
AB  - The growth of pulmonary arteries following systemic-pulmonary arterial shunt
      procedures in infants with cyanotic heart disease is a determining factor to the
      prognoses of those patients. We assessed the validity of two-dimensional
      echocardiography (2DE) in evaluating pulmonary arterial growth following shunt
      procedures. Blood flow through the shunts was measured at the times of surgery,
      and the correlations between shunt flows and postoperative clinical courses were
      studied. 2DE was validated by its assessments of the right pulmonary artery (RPA)
      with an excellent correlation between the RPA diameter on 2DE and that on
      angiography (r = 0.97) and/or the actual RPA diameter measured at the times of
      surgery (r = 0.96) in 20 patients. Ten patients with tetralogy of Fallot and
      pulmonary atresia were studied by 2DE pre- and postoperatively. The RPA diameters
      of six patients with effective shunts increased from 5.7 +/- 1.7 mm to 8.5 +/-
      1.5 mm during six months after the shunts and their left ventricular end
      diastolic dimensions also increased significantly. But the RPA diameters in four
      patients with ineffective shunts did not show significant increases after the
      shunts. The shunt flows were correlated with the diameters of the anastomoses.
      The shunts which were obstructed within two years showed shunt flows of 83 +/- 26
      ml/min, while the shunts which were patent for more than two years showed shunt
      flows of 320 +/- 126 ml/min. Serial measurements of RPA diameters by 2DE serve as
      a useful method of following patients after systemic-pulmonary shunts. The
      amounts of shunt flows were correlated with post-operative clinical courses over
      two year periods.

PMID- 3837075
TI  - [Aortic dissection presenting aortic regurgitation induced by diastolic prolapse
      of an intimal flap into the left ventricle: a case report].
AB  - A case of aortic dissection associated with aortic regurgitation which was
      induced by diastolic prolapse of an intimal flap into the left ventricular
      outflow tract was reported. This 57-year-old man, referred for evaluation of
      sudden onset of chest oppression and a heart murmur, was hypertensive for several
      years. His admission blood pressure was 184/44 mmHg, and a systolic ejection
      murmur and a diastolic decrescendo murmur were audible along the left sternal
      border. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed an intimal flap in the markedly
      enlarged aortic root. The intimal flap moved posteriorly in systole and
      anteriorly in diastole, and prolapsed into the left ventricular outflow tract
      during diastole. Associated with the movement of the intimal flap, an aortic cusp
      was shifted from its original position to the left ventricular outflow tract in
      diastole. Aortography disclosed type I aortic dissection and severe aortic
      regurgitation. After medical treatment for four months, the patient underwent a
      Bentall surgical procedure and recovered. Impaired coaptation of the aortic valve
      induced by diastolic prolapse of the intimal flap into the left ventricular
      outflow tract is a newly encountered echocardiographic finding in proximal aortic
      dissection.

PMID- 3837076
TI  - [Dysfunction of Carpentier-Edwards porcine mitral bioprosthesis causing a musical
      systolic murmur: a report of two cases].
AB  - Two patients with disruption of Carpentier-Edwards porcine mitral bioprosthesis
      presenting with a musical systolic murmur were reported. The two patients noted
      sudden development of a loud musical murmur 4 (Case 1) and 6.5 (Case 2) years
      after surgery. Case 1 had associated heart failure. Phonocardiogram disclosed a
      loud musical systolic murmur with regular vibrations at 230-240 Hz in Case 1, and
      250-260 Hz in Case 2. In Case 1, echocardiography demonstrated fine fluttering of
      the porcine mitral valve at the same frequency as the murmur. Doppler
      echocardiography revealed characteristic Doppler signals from the porcine valves
      at a frequency of 250-300 Hz with several harmonics above and below the baseline.
      In addition, in Case 2, similar Doppler signals were obtained from the aortic
      walls, ventricular septum and posterior wall of the left ventricle. In both
      cases, left ventriculograms demonstrated grade 3 mitral regurgitation without
      paravalvular leakage, and at surgery, the porcine bioprosthesis showed a tear in
      one of markedly thinned cusps, without evidence of calcification. It was
      considered that a torn cusp was the source of the murmur, and this, in
      association with the resonance of the entire heart, produced the loud musical
      murmur. Thus, a musical systolic murmur is suggested to be one of important signs
      of dysfunction of porcine bioprosthesis.

PMID- 3837077
TI  - [Acute idiopathic myocarditis having myocardial inflammatory swelling
      demonstrated by echocardiography: a case report].
AB  - A case of acute idiopathic myopericarditis with transient severe swelling and
      akinesis of the interventricular septum on echocardiograms was reported. A 35
      year-old man was admitted to our CCU because of cardiogenic shock five days after
      the onset of "common cold". Electrocardiograms revealed low voltage and ST
      segment elevation in all leads except for a VR and a VL. Serum CPK, GOT and LDH
      were slightly elevated. Echocardiograms showed severe asymmetrical septal
      hypertrophy (ASH, 20 mm), akinesis of the interventricular septum and moderate
      pericardial effusion. With improvement of the clinical course and of the
      hemodynamic data, the thickness and wall motion of the interventricular septum
      became normal. Serum antiviral antibodies were not elevated throughout the
      course. Transvenous percutaneous right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy revealed
      degeneration and fragmentation of the myofibrils with interstitial cellular
      infiltration and edema in the subacute phase (8th hospital day), but showed only
      focal fibrosis in the chronic phase. Coronary arteriograms and left
      ventriculograms in the chronic phase (50th hospital day) were normal. From these
      findings we can conclude that the severe transient ASH is due to myocardial
      inflammatory swelling.

PMID- 3837078
TI  - [Marked right ventricular outflow obstruction in two children with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy].
AB  - Two children, aged one year and nine months, and six years, both with
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, presented as severe right ventricular outflow
      obstruction were presented. Initially, both of them were suspected of having
      heart disease because of precordial systolic murmurs. Their tentative diagnosis
      was pulmonary stenosis. Their apex cardiograms and carotid pulse waves were not
      diagnostic. Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy with systolic anterior motion of the
      mitral valve was identified by echocardiography in both cases. Cardiac
      catheterization revealed left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradients of 5
      mmHg and 30 mmHg, respectively. The right ventricular peak systolic gradient was
      100 mmHg and 82 mmHg and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 26 mmHg and
      18 mmHg, respectively. Selective right and left ventricular angiocardiograms
      demonstrated severe right ventricular outflow obstruction, and hypertrophy of the
      interventricular septum. One of them underwent resection of the right ventricular
      outflow tract muscle, which showed histological findings characteristic of
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This patient died suddenly at the age of 10 years.
      Infants or young children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy often have associated
      predominant right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, progressive congestive
      heart failure, and death. Therefore, correct diagnosis and careful treatment are
      mandatory for proper management.

PMID- 3837079
TI  - Absorbed power distributions from two tilted waveguide applicators.
AB  - One major problem in microwave-induced clinical hyperthermia treatment of
      superficial tumours is to obtain therapeutic temperatures at the tumour periphery
      and adequate deep heating when using a single applicator. The use of multiple
      applicators has therefore been investigated in order to improve the power
      distribution. Anatomical surface topography often permits the application of two
      tilted applicators, e.g. in the head and neck area, on extremities and on large
      protruding tumours. Theoretical calculations of the absorbed power distribution
      from such an applicator configuration were performed in a homogeneous muscle
      equivalent medium. The power distribution from two conventional radiative
      apertures (TE10) was studied at different frequencies, aperture sizes, tilting
      angles and non-coherent or coherent fields in phase, both theoretically and with
      phantom experiments using a thermographic camera. With controlled phase relations
      between two tilted applicators excited at the lower microwave or upper
      radiofrequency band, the absorbed power distribution can be varied in a wide
      range. The theoretical calculations and thermographic phantom experiments in
      simple geometries give valuable information on absorbed power distributions and
      guidance for the location of temperature probes in clinical hyperthermia.

PMID- 3837081
TI  - Theoretical limitations on radiation into muscle tissue.
AB  - The radiation into muscle tissue from a planar array of magnetic dipoles is
      discussed. A figure of merit (gain) of an applicator involving power density at a
      point is defined. For constant illumination the gain is almost independent of
      frequency for a fixed aperture. Illuminations maximizing gain are tapered near
      the edge of the array and focused.

PMID- 3837080
TI  - Interstitial thermoradiotherapy: a technical and clinical study of 29
      implantations performed at the Institut Gustave-Roussy.
AB  - In 1981, a protocol was developed at the Institut Gustave-Roussy, combining
      interstitial hyperthermia and brachytherapy. Twenty-nine implantations were
      performed in 23 patients. All the lesions except three were located in previously
      irradiated areas. The protocol consisted of interstitial hyperthermia, 44 degrees
      C for 45 min, immediately followed by iridium-192 brachytherapy, delivering a
      dose of 30 Gy in the first 17 implantations, and a dose of 40 Gy in the next 12
      (the dose was increased because of two local relapses in the first 17 cases).
      Special 'metal-plastic' tubes have been designed to heat the tumour specifically
      and to spare the surrounding healthy tissues. Among the 25 implantations for
      which a complete thermal mapping was available, a minimum temperature of 44
      degrees C was reached in 16 cases, 43 degrees C in 5 cases and 42 degrees C in 4.
      The temperature inhomogeneity within the treated volume was less than 1 degrees C
      in 16 cases, and up to 4 degrees C in only one instance. Short-term clinical
      results (at two months) are available for 23 implantations: a 100 per cent
      response rate and a 83 per cent complete regression rate was observed. Follow-up
      is still short for most patients and long-term local control cannot be evaluated.
      Treatment has been generally well tolerated despite prior irradiation. Thus,
      technically satisfactory hyperthermia could be obtained in most cases, short-term
      clinical results are encouraging, and the technique merits further study.

PMID- 3837082
TI  - Potentiation of melphalan by systemic hyperthermia in mice: therapeutic gain for
      mouse lung microtumours.
AB  - The effect of systemic hyperthermia at 41 degrees C on the response to melphalan
      (Mel) of KHT and RIF-1 lung microtumours was studied. Mice with KHT microtumours
      were treated on day 3 or 4 after inoculation and mice with RIF-1 microtumours on
      day 4. Results were compared with previously published data for 300-600 mm3 leg
      tumours and normal marrow stem cells, and therapeutic ratios (TR) were
      calculated. Therapeutic gain was found for both tumours but in RIF-1 at higher
      doses only, with TRs from 1.1 to 1.6 for KHT microtumours and from 0.8 to 1.4 for
      RIF-1. TR values were rather smaller for lung microtumours than leg tumours but
      the change in slope of the Mel dose response curve by heat was very similar. The
      results are discussed in the light of the likely difference of tumour milieu
      between leg tumours and lung microtumours.

PMID- 3837083
TI  - Heterogeneity in heat sensitivity and development of thermotolerance of cloned
      cell lines derived from a single human melanoma xenograft.
AB  - One uncloned and five cloned cell lines were isolated from a single human
      melanoma xenograft in passage 39 in athymic mice. Cells from passages 7-12 in
      vitro were heated at 42.5, 43.5 or 44.5 degrees C and the colony forming ability
      of the cells was assayed in soft agar. The six cell lines showed individual and
      characteristic responses to heat treatment. The D0 values of the survival curves
      were in the ranges 76 +/- 5 to 131 +/- 13 min (42.5 degrees C), 12.5 +/- 1.1 to
      22.2 +/- 1.9 min (43.5 degrees C) and 9.4 +/- 1.0 to 15.6 +/- 1.5 min (44.5
      degrees C). Cells from all lines developed thermotolerance during protracted
      treatments at 42.5 degrees C. Thermotolerance was also studied by giving the
      cells a priming treatment of 43.5 degrees C for 90 min and then, after different
      fractionation intervals at 37 degrees C, second graded treatments at 43.5 degrees
      C. Thermotolerance ratio (TTR), i.e. the ratio of the slopes of the survival
      curves for preheated and single-heated cells, was used as a quantitative measure
      of the thermotolerance. Thermotolerance developed rapidly for all lines, reached
      a maximum at 12 or 16 h, and then decayed slowly. Maximum TTR varied among the
      lines from 4.2 +/- 0.5 to 6.0 +/- 0.9, i.e. within a factor of about 1.4. The
      survival curves and the TTR-curve for the uncloned line were positioned in the
      midst of those of the cloned lines. A linear correlation between maximum TTR and
      heat sensitivity was found for the six lines; maximum TTR decreased with
      increasing D0 value at 43.5 degrees C. Nevertheless, the lines which were most
      resistant before thermotolerance developed were also most resistant at maximum
      thermotolerance.

PMID- 3837084
TI  - Heat does not induce synthesis of heat shock proteins or thermotolerance in the
      earliest stage of mouse embryo development.
AB  - To study a possible role of HSP in the thermal response of mouse embryos, we
      examined heat survival and HSP synthesis of mouse embryos at the one-cell stage
      or the blastocyst stage. One-cell embryos were extremely heat sensitive and
      synthesized HSP at very low levels or not at all. At that developmental stage
      neither thermotolerance nor HSP synthesis could be induced by heat shock. In
      contrast, unheated blastocysts synthesized HSP constitutively, were comparatively
      heat resistant, and both thermotolerance and enhanced rate of HSP synthesis were
      induced by a non-lethal heat exposure. Our data demonstrate a correlation between
      HSP synthesis, thermal sensitivity and thermotolerance in this system, and
      strengthen the suggestion that gene activation of HSP synthesis is closely
      related to the differentiation process.

PMID- 3837085
TI  - Melatonin lowers excitability of guinea pig hippocampal neurons in vitro.
AB  - Action of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine; MEL) on guinea pig hippocampal
      cells (CA3 neurons and dentate granule cells) were studied in vitro using both
      extra- and intracellular recording. MEL (1-10 mmol/1) had the following effects:
      Response to repetitive synaptic stimulation was changed drastically: Double shock
      facilitation (20 ms interval) turned into depression and stimulus trains of a
      frequency as low as 1 Hz led to a drastic reduction of the response. Membrane
      potential was hyperpolarized. Duration of action potential was strongly
      increased. Threshold for the triggering of action potentials was shifted to more
      positive levels. IPSPs were prolonged and their shunting power enhanced.
      Repetitive spiking elicited by the application of bicuculline was reversibly
      abolished. All these effects had in common that cell excitability was lowered. It
      is concluded that MEL might influence epileptic seizure activity and should be
      further investigated as potential anticonvulsant.

PMID- 3837086
TI  - Differential hormonal action of the bag cell neurons on the arterial system of
      Aplysia.
AB  - The peptide-secreting bag cell neurons of Aplysia californica activate a long
      lasting, complex behavior called egg laying. During egg laying some organ systems
      (reproductive) are more active than others (digestive) suggesting that blood flow
      to these tissues may change in accordance with their activities during egg
      laying. To examine this possibility we used a semi-intact preparation of the
      three major arteries innervated by the abdominal ganglion. We found that
      electrically stimulated bursts of bag cell activity triggered a long-lasting
      (greater than 1 h) increase in contractile activity in two arteries, the anterior
      and gastroesophageal, but did not affect contractions of the third (abdominal)
      artery. The arterial responses were not affected either in form or duration by
      denervation of the arteries, suggesting that the increase in contractile activity
      was mediated by hormonal actions of bag cell transmitters on vasoconstrictor
      muscles. In intact animals this differential action on the arterial system may
      cause a long-term decrease in blood flow to relatively inactive tissues
      (digestive and locomotory organs) while increasing circulation to tissues
      involved in egg production (ovotestis and oviduct).

PMID- 3837087
TI  - Pineal melatonin rhythms in the lizard Anolis carolinensis: effects of light and
      temperature cycles.
AB  - Pineal and ocular melatonin was assessed, over 24 h periods, in male lizards
      (Anolis carolinensis) entrained to 24 h light-dark (LD) cycles and a constant 32
      degrees C, and in lizards entrained to both 24 h LD cycles and 24 h temperature
      cycles (32 degrees C/20 degrees C). At a constant temperature, the duration of
      the photoperiod has a profound effect on the duration, amplitude, and phase of
      the pineal melatonin rhythm (Fig. 1). The pineal melatonin rhythm under cyclic
      temperature peaks during the cool (20 degrees C) phase of the cycle regardless of
      whether or not the cool phase occurs during the light or dark phase of a LD 12:12
      cycle (Fig. 3). Under a temperature cycle and constant dim illumination, a pineal
      melatonin rhythm is observed which peaks during the cool phase of the temperature
      cycle, but the amplitude of the rhythm is depressed relative to that observed
      under LD (Fig. 2). Illumination up to 2 h in duration does not suppress the
      nocturnal melatonin peak in the Anolis pineal (Fig. 4). No melatonin rhythm was
      observed in the eyes of Anolis under either 24 h LD cycles and a constant
      temperature (Fig. 1), or under simultaneous light and temperature cycles (Fig.
      3). Ocular melatonin content was, in all cases, either very low or non
      detectable.

PMID- 3837088
TI  - Activity patterns of cochlear ganglion neurones in the starling.
AB  - Spontaneous activity and responses to simple tonal stimuli were studied in
      cochlear ganglion neurones of the starling. Both regular and irregular
      spontaneous activity were recorded. Non-auditory cells have their origin in the
      macula lagenae. Mean spontaneous rate for auditory cells (all irregularly
      spiking) was 45 spikes s-1. In half the units having characteristic frequencies
      (CFs) less than 1.5 kHz, time-interval histograms (TIHs) of spontaneous activity
      showed regularly-spaced peaks or 'preferred' intervals. The spacing of the peak
      intervals was, on average, 15% greater than the CF-period interval of the
      respective units. In TIH of lower-frequency cells without preferred intervals,
      the modal interval was also on average about 15% longer than the CF-period
      interval. Apparently, the resting oscillation frequency of these cells lies below
      their CF. Tuning curves (TCs) of neurones to short tone bursts show no systematic
      asymmetry as in mammals. Below CF 1 kHz, the low-frequency flanks of the TCs are,
      on average, steeper than the high-frequency flanks. Above CF 1 kHz, the reverse
      is true. The cochlear ganglion and nerve are tonotopically organized. Low
      frequency fibres arise apically in the papilla basilaris and are found near non
      auditory (lagenar) fibres. Discharge rates to short tones were monotonically
      related to sound pressure level. Saturation rates often exceeded 300 spikes s-1.
      'On-off' responses and primary suppression of spontaneous activity were observed.
      A direct comparison of spontaneous activity and tuning-curve symmetry revealed
      that, apart from quantitative differences, fundamental qualitative differences
      exist between starling and guinea-pig primary afferents.

PMID- 3837089
TI  - Spectral sensitivity of the African cichlid fish, Haplochromis burtoni.
AB  - Spectral sensitivity of the cichlid fish Haplochromis burtoni was measured under
      both scotopic and photopic conditions using a two-choice, food reward, operant
      conditioning paradigm. The highest absolute sensitivity (scotopic) is one quantum
      for every 5 to 50 rods measured at 475 nm (equivalent to a corneal irradiance of
      3.8 x 10(6) Q s-1 cm-2). A P500(1) photopigment apparently mediates spectral
      sensitivity over most of the visible spectrum; microspectrophotometric studies of
      rods had previously shown them to contain this photopigment. However, the
      scotopic behavioral action spectrum shows a sensitivity to short wavelength light
      higher than is consistent with a P500(1) photopigment alone mediating the
      scotopic visual process. Determinations made under photopic conditions reveal a
      behavioral action spectrum broader than that found under scotopic conditions and
      consistent with mediation by interaction of the three known cone types in an
      opponent processing manner. The calculated photopic threshold value of
      approximately 10(4) Q s-1 (receptor)-1 is in agreement with results from other
      species and corresponds to a corneal irradiance of about 7 x 10(10) Q s-1 cm-2.

PMID- 3837090
TI  - Organization of inputs to motoneurons during fictive respiration in the isolated
      lamprey brain.
AB  - The intracellular activity of motoneurons during 'fictive' respiration in the
      isolated lamprey brain was investigated. In association with each respiratory
      cycle three distinct PSP phases were observed: an early, low amplitude EPSP
      phase; a large, brief EPSP phase that drove action potentials; and a subsequent
      IPSP phase. Selective midline and trigeminal lesions, and trigeminal stimulation,
      demonstrated that the large excitatory and inhibitory phases were generated by a
      previously described pair of central pattern generators located in the trigeminal
      region of the medulla. Lesion studies further showed that the low amplitude
      excitatory input could be produced independently of the trigeminal pacemakers,
      near the region of the medulla that contains the respiratory motoneurons. In
      addition to 'normal' fictive respiration, the isolated brain was found to produce
      several variations of the respiratory pattern. These motor programs, 'coughs',
      'arousal breathing', and 'weak breathing', were distinguished from the normal
      respiratory pattern by their much longer burst durations, distinctive underlying
      synaptic input, and separate coordinating mechanism. Activity similar to these
      motor programs could be independently produced by the caudal medulla after both
      trigeminal central pattern generators had been removed. Lesion studies, and the
      observation that respiratory-related neural activity ceased in the trigeminal
      region during the production of these long-duration programs, suggest that the
      caudal medulla also contains paired central pattern generators involved in
      lamprey respiration.

PMID- 3837091
TI  - Respiratory bursts at the midline of the rostral medulla of the lamprey.
AB  - The contribution of a rostral crossed pathway to the coordination of fictive
      breathing was tested in isolated brains of adult lampreys, Ichthyomyzon
      unicuspis. Periodic bursts of small spikes were recorded at the midline at the
      rostral level of the V motor nuclei. These occurred prior to bursts by
      respiratory motoneurons in the IX-X cranial nerve roots. The bursts at the
      midline could be generated in the rostral half of the medulla, since they
      continued after isolation of the isthmic-trigeminal region by transections.
      Stimulation at the rostral midline excited respiratory motoneurons
      monosynaptically and could entrain or reset the respiratory rhythm. Sections of
      the midline sparing the rostral site still permitted bilateral synchronization of
      respiratory bursts. Alternatively, sections of the rostral midline still allowed
      coordination of respiratory bursts through crossed caudal pathways, although
      abnormal timing patterns were observed. It is concluded that the motor pattern
      for respiration is partly generated and coordinated in the rostral half of the
      medulla of the lamprey and is transmitted to respiratory motoneurons through
      descending pathways.

PMID- 3837092
TI  - The visual pigment sensitivity hypothesis: further evidence from fishes of
      varying habitats.
AB  - Visual pigments were extracted from the retinas of 8 species of marine teleosts
      and 4 species of elasmobranchs and a comparison was made of the pigment
      properties from these fishes, some inhabiting surface waters, others from the
      mesopelagic zone, and a few migrating vertically between these two environments.
      An association was found between the spectral position of the absorbance curve
      and the habitat depth or habitat behavior, with the blue-shifted chrysopsins
      being the pigments of the twilight zone fishes and the rhodopsins with fishes
      living near the surface. The retina of the swell shark (Cephaloscyllium
      ventriosum) yielded extracts with two photopigments; one, a rhodopsin at 498 nm;
      the second, a chrysopsin at 478 nm. This fish has been reported to practice
      seasonal vertical migrations between the surface and the mesopelagic waters. In
      addition to the spectral absorbance, several properties of these visual pigments
      were examined, including the meta-III product of photic bleaching, regeneration
      with added 11-cis and 9-cis retinals, and the chromophoric photosensitivity. The
      chrysopsin properties were found to be fundamentally similar to those of typical
      vertebrate rhodopsins. Correlating the spectral data with the habitat and habitat
      behavior of our fishes gives us confidence in the idea that the scotopic pigments
      have evolved as adaptations to those aspects of their color environment that are
      critical to the survival of the species.

PMID- 3837093
TI  - A study of pre- and postganglionic fibres in the intestinal nerve (Remark's
      nerve) of the chicken.
AB  - The mean peak CV's of two electrophysiologically defined groups of fibres in the
      intestinal nerve of the chicken have been determined. One group of fibres is
      constituted by the processes of enteric cholinergic neurones which project along
      the side branches of the intestinal nerve and synapse within the nerve trunk.
      These preganglionic fibres have a mean peak CV (at 40 degrees C) of 0.31 m x s-1.
      The other group is made up of fibres of postganglionic neurones which project
      orally along the nerve trunk. The results suggest that some postganglionic
      neurones project only as far as the next ganglion whilst others project beyond
      the next two ganglia for distances greater than 5 mm. The postganglionic fibres
      have a mean peak CV (at 40 degrees C) of 0.71 m X s-1. These figures demonstrate
      that both pre- and postganglionic fibres are unmyelinated. The temperature
      coefficient (Q10) for the CV of unmyelinated fibres in the intestinal nerve was
      1.57.

PMID- 3837094
TI  - Visual scanning behaviour in honeybees.
AB  - Freely flying bees were rewarded with sugar solution on a variety of black-and
      white shapes as well as on coloured gratings in various training situations. In
      subsequent dual-choice tests, the bees' discrimination between the various shapes
      was measured. In addition, the bees were video-filmed while flying in front of
      the shapes. The scanning patterns thus obtained were then quantified in order to
      characterize scanning behaviour and its relationship to the geometrical
      parameters of the scanned shapes, investigate whether scanning plays a role in
      pattern discrimination and examine the influence of training on the
      characteristics of scanning. The scanning patterns clearly mirror the contours of
      the scanned shape in all cases, i.e. the bees fly along the contours contained in
      the shape. This behaviour does not depend on whether the scanned shape is one
      that was previously rewarded, or one that is completely novel to the bees.
      Comparison of the results of quantifying the scanning patterns with the results
      of dual-choice tests reveals that scanning behaviour is independent of
      discrimination performance. On the average, horizontal scanning directions occur
      more often than vertical directions. Variations of the training situation produce
      measurable differences in scanning behavior. However, except in the case of
      vertical scanning on a vertical grating, these differences are quite small,
      indicating that following contours is a largely stereotyped behaviour. Horizontal
      gratings are very well discriminated from vertical ones even if they offer
      contrast to only one receptor type, i.e. blue or green, demonstrating that the
      direction of contours is visible to the pattern recognition system even under
      these conditions. However, vertical and horizontal coloured gratings offering
      only blue-contrast do not elicit contour-following, whereas gratings offering
      only green-contrast do. Thus, the bees' scanning behaviour is colour-blind and
      most probably governed by the green receptors. We suggest that contour-following
      is the by-product of a behavioural mode which serves to prevent retinal image
      movement during flight in front of a contoured visual pattern.

PMID- 3837095
TI  - The contribution of different colour receptors to a motor output in the fly.
AB  - A light flash given to the eye of Calliphora leads to a movement of the legs
      (light induced leg reflex) which most likely normally initiates flight of the
      animal. This reflex has a short latency (12 to 30 ms, depending upon light
      intensity) and is quite reproducible without habituation. The spectral
      sensitivity of the reflex shows that receptors R1-6 most likely govern the input
      to the reflex in dark adaptation, a contribution of receptors R7 can be
      demonstrated with selective chromatic adaptation.

PMID- 3837096
TI  - Pigeon homing: does initial orientation include a 'preferred compass direction'?
AB  - To find out whether the initial orientation of pigeons is affected by a
      spontaneous directional tendency, as postulated by Wallraff's (1974, 1978, 1982)
      hypothesis, experienced birds were released at test sites distributed
      symmetrically around their loft. The length of the mean vectors of the single
      releases, the deviations from the home direction, the homeward components as well
      as the homing speed did not show a correlation with the geographic position of
      the home direction. Summarizing four sites each on 21 experimental circles, we
      frequently obtained significant compass vectors, but they varied in direction
      between 115 degrees ESE and 351 degrees N, depending on what sites had been used,
      and did not indicate a uniform trend. A 'preferred compass direction' as an
      integrated part of pigeon navigation, being the reason for the frequently
      observed deviations from the home direction, could not be confirmed. The
      problematic nature of simply pooling the data of several symmetrically
      distributed test sites and calling any resulting significant vector a 'preferred
      compass direction' is discussed, together with other possible reasons for
      asymmetrical distributions of release site biases.

PMID- 3837097
TI  - Properties of action potentials carried by divalent cations in identified leech
      neurons.
AB  - Properties of divalent cation potentials carried by either Sr2+ or Ca2+ ions in
      Na+-free, TEA-Ringer solution were characterized in identified neurons of two
      species of leeches (Macrobdella and Haementeria). In Macrobdella, the overshoot
      of the potentials varied logarithmically with [Sr2+]0 (28.5 mV per 10-fold
      change). The overshoot, Vmax, and duration of the potentials increased with
      increasing divalent cation concentration and saturated at about 20 to 30 mM
      [Sr2+]0. The Vmax, amplitude, and duration of the potentials were reversibly
      blocked by Co2+ and Mn2+. The block by Mn2+ could be well-fitted by a reverse
      Langmuir-curve with an apparent KI of 100 micromolar. The local anesthetic
      procaine also reversibly inhibited the Vmax and duration of the potentials. The
      inhibition was greater at alkaline pH suggesting that procaine blocks the calcium
      channel from inside the membrane. The identified leech neurons examined in
      Macrobdella varied considerably in their ability to sustain somatic divalent
      cation potentials. Stimulation of T cells and most motoneurons produced no or
      only weak potentials, whereas stimulation of Retzius, N, Nut, and AP cells evoked
      overshooting potentials of several seconds' duration. Stimulation of the ALG cell
      of Haementeria in normal Ringer solution evoked a slowly-rising, purely Ca2+
      dependent potential of approximately 100 ms duration. This response was TTX
      resistant, unaffected by complete removal of Na+ from the Ringer solution, and
      abolished by 1 mM Mn2+. The overshoot varied logarithmically with a slope of 28
      mV/decade change in [Ca2+]0.

PMID- 3837099
TI  - Temporal resolution of colour vision in the honeybee.
AB  - The temporal resolution of colour vision was measured in freely-flying honeybees
      by testing the performance of trained bees in discriminating between two stimuli,
      one of which presented a steady, homogeneous mixture of two colours, while the
      other offered a heterochromatic flicker between the two colours at various
      temporal frequencies. Pairwise combinations of the colours uv, blue and green
      were used, corresponding to the three receptor classes in the bee retina. For
      each colour combination, we determined a cutoff frequency beyond which
      discrimination no longer exists. For a given colour combination, the cutoff
      frequency depends upon the ratio of the intensities of the component colours, and
      is maximum at a particular ratio. The cutoff frequency at the optimum intensity
      ratio is approximately 100 Hz for each of the 3 colour combinations blue-green,
      green-uv and uv-blue, implying that colour computation requires ca. 10 ms. From
      the optimum intensity-ratios for the three colour combinations, we infer that the
      relative sensitivities of the green, blue and uv channels are approximately
      1:1.3:24.

PMID- 3837098
TI  - Behavioral study of chemoreception in the sea star Marthasterias glacialis:
      structure-activity relationships of lactic acid, amino acids, and acetylcholine.
AB  - Behavioral responses of Marthasterias glacialis to low molecular compounds were
      studied under laboratory conditions. Feeding postures, stomach eversions and
      locomotion of initially inactive animals can be released with very dilute
      solutions of lactic acid, neutral 2 and 3 carbon amino acids, L isomers of 4 to 6
      carbon neutral amino acids, L-arginine, acetylcholine iodide, and several of
      their analogues. Hunger was induced by temporary withdrawal of food.
      Responsiveness to feeding stimuli was controlled with L-cysteine and L-leucine.
      The lowest behavioral thresholds for the most effective feeding stimuli were 3 X
      10(-11) mol/l for both enantiomers of lactic acid, 10(-8) mol/l for L-proline and
      both enantiomers of cysteine and 10(-7) mol/l for acetylcholine iodide and some
      of the effective neutral amino acids. The behavioral threshold values for
      chemical stimuli differed by a factor between 30 and 100 in different sea stars.
      The test concentration was 3 X 10(-7) mol/l, the level at which L-cysteine
      elicited a complete feeding response from all the animals. Structure-activity
      comparison of substances less effective than the control stimulus was thus
      possible. The behavioral threshold of fully effective substances was determined
      later. The independence of receptor mechanisms for different substances can be
      inferred as: L-cysteine controlled responsiveness is not always accompanied by
      responsiveness to neutral amino acids. Autotomized marthasterias arms crawled
      after stimulation with lactic acid, cysteine, and acetylcholine iodide but did
      not respond to the feeding stimuli betaine and L-proline. An animal became
      inactive if electric shocks were paired with L-proline or L-cysteine emanating
      from an 'electric' food model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3837100
TI  - A comparative study of the physiological properties of the inner ear in Doppler
      shift compensating bats (Rhinolophus rouxi and Pteronotus parnellii).
AB  - Cochlear microphonic (CM) and evoked neural (N-1) potentials were studied in two
      species of Doppler shift compensating bats with the aid of electrodes chronically
      implanted in the scala tympani. Potentials were recorded from animals fully
      recovered from the effects of anesthesia and surgery. In Pteronotus p. parnellii
      and Rhinolophus rouxi the CM amplitude showed a narrow band, high amplitude peak
      at a frequency about 200 Hz above the resting frequency of each species. In
      Pteronotus the peak was 25-35 dB higher in amplitude than the general CM level
      below or above the frequency of the amplitude peak. In Rhinolophus the amplitude
      peak was only a few dB above the general CM level but it was prominent because of
      a sharp null in a narrow band of frequencies just below the peak. The amplitude
      peak and the null were markedly affected by body temperature and anesthesia. In
      Pteronotus high amplitude CM potentials were produced by resonance, and
      stimulated cochlear emissions were prominent in Pteronotus but they were not
      observed in Rhinolophus. In Pteronotus the resonance was indicated by a CM
      afterpotential that occurred after brief tone pulses. The resonance was not
      affected by the addition of a terminal FM to the stimulus and when the ear was
      stimulated with broadband noise it resulted in a continual state of resonance.
      Rapid, 180 degree phase shifts in the CM were observed when the stimulus
      frequency swept through the frequency of the CM amplitude peak in Pteronotus and
      the frequency of the CM null in Rhinolophus. These data indicate marked
      differences in the physiological properties of the cochlea and in the mechanisms
      responsible for sharp tuning in these two species of bats.

PMID- 3837101
TI  - The contribution of the olfactory and tactile modalities to the nipple-search
      behaviour of newborn rabbits.
AB  - By performing uni- and bilateral olfactory bulb lesions and uni- and bilateral
      transsections of the infraorbital branches of the trigeminal nerves in 2-day-old
      rabbits, it could be shown that: Both the olfactory and tactile modalities are
      essential for the successful performance of nipple-search behaviour. While
      bilateral bulbectomy completely eliminates searching, and hence suckling,
      unilateral bulbectomy has relatively little effect. Bilateral denervation of the
      muzzle does not eliminate searching, but pups are unable to suckle as they fail
      to show the mouth-opening component necessary for nipple attachment. In contrast
      to unilateral bulbectomy, unilateral denervation of the muzzle results in a
      lateralization of head movements during searching, nipple grasping and nipple
      release.

PMID- 3837102
TI  - Tactile localisation: the function of active antennal movements in the crayfish
      Cherax destructor.
AB  - Video recordings and single frame analysis were used to study the function of the
      second antennae of crayfish (Cherax destructor) as a sensory system in freely
      behaving animals. Walking crayfish move their antennae back and forth through
      horizontal angles of 100 degrees and more, relative to the body long axis. At
      rest, animals tend to hold their antennae at angular positions between 20 and 50
      degrees. Movements of the two antennae are largely independent of each other.
      Before and during a turn of the body the ipsilateral antenna is moved into the
      direction of the turn. Solid objects are explored by repeatedly moving the
      antennae towards and across them. Both seeing and blinded crayfish can locate
      stationary objects following antennal contact. On antennal contact with a small
      novel object, a moving animal withdraws its antenna and attacks the object. When
      the antenna of a blinded crayfish is lightly touched with a brush the animal
      turns and attacks the point of stimulation. The direction taken and the distance
      covered during an attack can be correlated with: the angle at which the antenna
      is held at the moment of contact and the distance along the antennal flagellum at
      which the stimulus is applied. From behavioural evidence we conclude that
      crayfish use information about the angular position of their antennae and about
      the position of stimulated mechanoreceptors along the antennal flagellum to
      locate objects in their environment. We suggest ways in which an active tactile
      system-like the crayfish's antennae--could supply animals with information about
      the three-dimensional layout of their environment.

PMID- 3837103
TI  - Mechanics of the transduction of sound in the tympanal organ of adults and larvae
      of locusts.
AB  - The mechanical transmission of sound in the tympanal organ of adults and 5th
      instar larvae of Locusta migratoria and Schistocerca gregaria has been
      investigated by means of stroboscopic measurements within a frequency range from
      1-20 kHz. Frequency dependent spatial distributions of amplitudes and phases of
      oscillation on the tympanal membrane and the Muller's organ could be
      demonstrated. Cuticular structures on the membrane may act as a lever arm (e.g.
      elevated process) and cause a transformation of the (unidimensional) membrane
      motion into components of displacements in the Muller's organ perpendicular, as
      well as even parallel, to the membrane. Sites of maximum relative displacements
      at distinct frequencies are found to be correlated to the course of the dendrites
      of the acoustic receptor cells. Differences in morphology of the tympanal organ
      between the two species as well as between adults and larvae always correspond to
      differences in the mechanical properties (resonances etc.). Consequently,
      differences or changes in the neurophysiological response characteristics of the
      different receptor cells have been found. Based upon these findings a correlation
      between the anatomical and physiological classification of the receptor cell
      groups is presented.

PMID- 3837104
TI  - Spike synchronization of tympanic receptor fibres in a grasshopper (Chorthippus
      biguttulus L., Acrididae). A possible mechanism for detection of short gaps in
      model songs.
AB  - In recordings from single tympanic receptor fibres in C. biguttulus, the response
      to synthesized sounds (rectangularly modulated white noise) interrupted by very
      brief (a few milliseconds) gaps was examined. In behavioral tests, females of the
      species respond very differently to such 'model syllables' at moderate
      intensities, depending on the gap width. If the gaps (in a moderate-intensity
      syllable) are larger than 2 ms, the stimulus fails to elicit a response, whereas
      stimuli with gaps smaller than 1 ms are as effective as uninterrupted syllables
      (D. von Helversen 1972; O. von Helversen 1979). Neither the mean spike count nor
      the interspike-interval distribution of the single receptor response contains the
      information sufficient to distinguish uninterrupted syllables from syllables with
      gaps. On the other hand, examination of the temporal distribution of the spikes
      reveals that gaps (or the pulse onsets following the gaps) cause spike
      synchronization. An index of synchronization (IS) was defined as a measure of
      this gap-induced effect. Analysis of the receptor responses based on IS revealed
      differences that correspond quantitatively to the abrupt abolition of the
      behavioral response at a gap-width between 1 and 2 ms. From the hypothesis that
      such brief gaps are detected by the nervous system by way of spike
      synchronization in the tympanic nerve, one can predict certain features of the
      behavioral response to high-intensity stimuli. The gap-induced spike
      synchronization was more pronounced at higher temperatures. This effect was
      demonstrated in both summated recordings from the tympanic nerve and single fibre
      recordings. Experiments with primary auditory fibres of Locusta migratoria showed
      that the receptors in this species respond very similarly to the same stimuli.
      That is, the receptors of C. biguttulus are not specially adapted for detecting
      very brief gaps. Synchronization of the spikes in parallel receptor fibres of the
      tympanal nerve is probably a general feature of acridids; we infer that in C.
      biguttulus this gap-induced synchronized activity is detected by special
      processing in higher auditory centres.

PMID- 3837105
TI  - Modulation of activity in starling cochlear ganglion units by middle-ear muscle
      contractions, perilymph movements and lagena stimuli.
AB  - In the present study three groups of cochlear ganglion neurons were detected
      which differed in respect to their tone-evoked and spontaneous activity: auditory
      units which showed an irregular spontaneous discharge, non-auditory neurones with
      regular activity and such with an irregular spontaneous discharge pattern.
      Electrically-elicited contractions of the middle-ear muscle influenced the tone
      evoked and/or the spontaneous activity of the auditory and the non-auditory
      neurones with irregular spontaneous discharge but not, however, the regularly
      firing units. Similar results were obtained with imposed perilymph movements in
      the cochlea (evoked via the vestibular system. Fractions of all three groups of
      cochlear ganglion neurones were responsive to direct deformations of the
      membraneous lagena. Several (auditory and non-auditory) units with irregular
      discharge were excited during a basilar membrane displacement towards scala
      vestibuli whereas a basilar membrane motion towards scala tympani resulted in a
      decrease of the discharge rate. A few units showed a different reaction. The
      results provide evidence that the neurones with periodic spontaneous discharge
      innervate the lagena and that this sense organ has no auditory significance in
      birds. The peripheral origin of the 'non-auditory' neurones with irregular
      spontaneous activity remains undecided and might be the macula lagenae or the
      apical portion of the basilar papilla.

PMID- 3837106
TI  - Mobility and electric charge of screening pigment granules in the superposition
      eye of Ephestia kuehniella Z.
AB  - The mobility and the electric charge of screening pigment granules of the
      mealmoth superposition eye were determined electrophoretically in buffer
      solutions. In potassium phosphate buffer the mobility of the negatively charged
      granules is linearly dependent on the pH in the range from 4.8 to 7.7, and in
      veronal buffer from pH = 2.3 to pH = 7.5. At pH = 6.6 the values of the effective
      charge per granule vary between 9.4 X 10(-17) C and 2.0 X 10(-16) C, those of the
      real charge between 2.4 X 10(-14) C and 5.6 X 10(-14) C. For equal electric
      fields, the mobility of the granules decreases with increasing ionic strength mu,
      and it remains the same for mu greater than 0.075 mol/l.

PMID- 3837107
TI  - An HRP-study of the frequency-place map of the horseshoe bat cochlea:
      morphological correlates of the sharp tuning to a narrow frequency band.
AB  - The frequency-place map of the horseshoe bat cochlea was studied with the
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique involving focal injections into various,
      physiologically defined regions of cochlear nucleus (CN). The locations of
      labeled spiral ganglion cells and their termination sites on inner hair cells of
      the organ of Corti from injections into CN-regions responsive to different
      frequencies were analyzed in three dimensional reconstructions of the cochlea.
      Horseshoe bats from different geographical populations were investigated. They
      emit orientation cells with constant frequency (CF) components around 77 kHz
      (Rhinolophus rouxi from Ceylon) and 84 kHz (Rhinolophus rouxi from India) and
      their auditory systems are sharply tuned to the respective CF-components. The HRP
      map shows that in both populations: the frequency range around the CF-component
      of the echolocation signal is processed in the second half-turn of the cochlea,
      where basilar membrane (BM) is not thickened, secondary spiral lamina (LSS) is
      still present and innervation density is maximal; frequencies more than 5 kHz
      above the CF-component are processed in the first half-turn, where the thickened
      BM is accompanied by LSS and innervation density is low; frequencies below the
      spectral content of the orientation call are represented in apical turns showing
      no morphological specializations. The data demonstrate that the cochlea of
      horseshoe bats is normalized to the frequency of the individual specific CF
      component of the echolocation call. The HRP-map can account for the
      overrepresentation of neurons sharply tuned to the CF-signal found in the central
      auditory system. A comparison of the HRP-map with a map derived with the 'swollen
      nuclei technique' following loud sound exposure (Bruns 1976b) reveals that the
      latter is shifted towards cochlear base by about 4 mm. This discrepancy warrants
      a new interpretation of the functional role of specialized morphological
      structures of the cochlea within the mechanisms giving rise to the exceptionally
      high frequency selectivity of the auditory system.

PMID- 3837108
TI  - The cochlear frequency map of the mustache bat, Pteronotus parnellii.
AB  - The frequency-place map of the cochlea of mustache bats was constructed by the
      analysis of HRP-transport patterns in spiral ganglion cells following
      iontophoretic tracer injections into cochlear nucleus regions responsive to
      different frequencies. The cochlea consists of 5 half turns (total length 14.3
      mm) and the representation of certain frequency bands can be assigned to specific
      cochlear regions: The broad high frequency range between 70 and 111 kHz is
      represented in the most basal half turn within only 3.2 mm. This region is
      terminated apically by a distinct narrowing of the scala vestibuli that coincides
      with a pronounced increase in basilar membrane (BM) thickness. The narrow
      intermediate frequency range between 54 and 70 kHz is expanded onto 50% of
      cochlear length between 4.0 and 11.1 mm distance from apex. The frequency range
      around 60 kHz, where the tuning characteristics of the auditory system are
      exceptionally sharp, is located in the center of this expanded BM-region in the
      second half turn within a maximum of innervation density. These data can account
      for the vast overrepresentation of neurons sharply tuned to about 60 kHz at
      central stations of the auditory pathway. In the cochlear region just basal to
      the innervation maximum, where label from injections at 66 and 70 kHz was found,
      a number of morphological specializations coincide: the BM is maximally
      thickened, innervation density is low, the spiral ligament is locally enlarged,
      and the 'thick lining', a dense covering of the scala tympani throughout the
      basal halfturn, suddenly disappears. Low frequencies up to 54 kHz are represented
      within the apical half turns over a 4 mm span of the basilar membrane. The data
      are compared to the cochlea of horseshoe bats and the possible functional role of
      the morphological discontinuities for sharp tuning and the generation of
      otoacoustic emissions is discussed.

PMID- 3837109
TI  - Mechanical sensitivity of the facial nerve fibers innervating the anterior palate
      of the puffer, Fugu pardalis, and their central projection to the primary taste
      center.
AB  - Mechanical and chemical sensitivity of the palatine nerve, ramus palatinus
      facialis, innervating the anterior palate of the puffer, Fugu pardalis, and their
      central projection to the primary taste center were investigated. Application of
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to the central cut end of the palatine nerve
      resulted in retrogradely labeled neurons in the geniculate ganglion but no such
      neurons in the trigeminal ganglion, suggesting that the palatine nerve is
      represented only by the facial component. Tracing of the facial sensory root in
      serial histological sections of the brain stem suggested that the facial sensory
      nerve fibers project only to the visceral sensory column of the medulla.
      Peripheral recordings from the palatine nerve bundle showed that both mechanical
      and chemical stimuli caused marked responses. Mechanosensitive fibers were rather
      uniformly distributed in the nerve bundle. Intra-cranial recordings from the
      trigeminal and facial nerves at their respective roots revealed that tactile
      information produced in the anterior palate was carried by the facial nerve
      fibers. Elimination of the sea water current over the receptive field also caused
      a marked response in the palatine nerve bundle or facial nerve root while this
      did not cause any detectable responses in the trigeminal nerve root. Single fiber
      analyses of the mechanical responsiveness of the palatine nerve were performed by
      recording unit responses of 106 single fibers to mechanical stimuli (water flow),
      HCl (0.005 M), uridine-5'-monophosphate (UMP, 0.001 M), proline (0.01 M), CaCl2
      (0.5 M), and NaSCN (0.5 M). All these fibers responded well to one of the above
      stimuli; however, most taste fibers did not respond well to the inorganic salts.
      The palatine fibers (n = 36), identified as mechanosensitive, never responded to
      any of the chemical stimuli, whereas chemosensitive fibers (n = 70) did not
      respond to mechanical stimuli at all. The chemosensitive units showed a high
      specificity to the above stimuli: they tended to respond selectively to
      hydrochloric acid, UMP, or proline. The responses of the mechanosensitive units
      consisted of phasic and tonic impulse trains and the sensitivity of the units
      varied considerably. The results reveal that the facial nerve fibers innervating
      the anterior palate of the puffer contain two kinds of afferent fibers,
      chemosensory and mechanosensory respectively, and suggest that the convergence of
      the tactile and gustatory information first occurs in the neurons of the primary
      gustatory center in the medulla.

PMID- 3837110
TI  - Tongue-muscle-controlling motoneurons in the Japanese toad: topography,
      morphology and neuronal pathways from the 'snapping-evoking area' in the optic
      tectum.
AB  - As a step to clarifying the neural bases for the visually-guided prey-catching
      behavior in the toad, special attention was paid to the flipping movement of the
      tongue. Tongue-muscle-controlling motoneurons were identified antidromically, and
      their topographical distribution within the hypoglossal nucleus, the morphology,
      and the neuronal pathways from the optic tectum including the 'snapping-evoking
      area' (see below) to these motoneurons were investigated in paralyzed Japanese
      toads using intracellular recording techniques. The morphology of motoneurons
      innervating the tongue-protracting or retracting muscles (PMNs or RMNs
      respectively) was examined by means of intracellular-staining (using HRP/cobaltic
      lysine) and retrograde-labeling (using cobaltic lysine) methods. Both PMNs and
      RMNs showed an extensive spread of the branching trees of dendrites; 4 dendritic
      fields were distinguished: lateral/ventrolateral, dorsal/dorsolateral, medial,
      and in some motoneurons, contralateral dendritic fields, although there was a
      tendency for the dorsal/dorsolateral dendritic field to be less extensive in the
      PMNs than in the RMNs. The axons of both PMNs and RMNs arose from thick
      dendrites, ran in a ventral direction without any axon-collaterals branching off,
      and then entered the hypoglossal nerve. The PMNs and RMNs were distributed
      topographically within the hypoglossal nucleus; the RMNs were located rostrally
      within the nucleus, whereas the PMNs were located more caudally within it. In
      about 3/4 of the RMNs tested, depolarizing potentials [presumably the excitatory
      postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)], on which action potentials were often
      superimposed, were evoked by electrical stimuli applied to the nerve branch
      innervating the tongue protractor. These EPSPs were temporally facilitated when
      the electrical stimuli were applied at short intervals (10 ms). Both PMNs and
      RMNs showed hyperpolarizing potentials (IPSPs) in response to single electrical
      stimuli of various intensities (10-200 microA) applied to the 'snapping-evoking
      area' (lateral/ventrolateral part of the optic tectum) on either side. These
      IPSPs were facilitated after repetitive electrical stimulations at short
      intervals (10 ms) and of weaker intensities (down to 10 microA); i.e., a temporal
      facilitation of the IPSPs was observed. On the other hand, large and long-lasting
      EPSPs which prevailed over the underlying IPSPs were evoked after repetitive
      electrical stimulations (a few pulses or more) at short intervals (10 ms) and of
      stronger intensities (generally 90 microA or more); thus, a temporal facilitation
      of the EPSPs was also observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3837111
TI  - A proposed neural pathway for vocalization in South African clawed frogs, Xenopus
      laevis.
AB  - Vocalizations of South African clawed frogs are produced by contractions of
      laryngeal muscles innervated by motor neurons of the caudal medulla (within
      cranial nerve nucleus IX-X). We have traced afferents to laryngeal motor neurons
      in male and female frogs using retrograde axonal transport of horseradish
      peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin (HRP-WGA). After iontophoretic
      injection of HRP-WGA into n. IX-X, retrogradely labelled neurons were seen in the
      contralateral n. IX-X, in rhombencephalic reticular nuclei, and in the pre
      trigeminal nucleus of the dorsal tegmental area (DTAM) of both males and females.

PMID- 3837112
TI  - Species specificity and temperature dependency of temporal processing by the
      auditory midbrain of two species of treefrogs.
AB  - The mating (advertisement) calls of two sibling species of gray treefrogs, Hyla
      versicolor and Hyla chrysoscelis, are spectrally identical but differ in trill
      rate; being higher for H. chrysoscelis. Single-unit recordings were made from the
      torus semicircularis of both species to investigate the neural mechanisms by
      which this species-specific temporal feature is analyzed. Using sinusoidally
      amplitude-modulated (AM) white noise as a stimulus, the temporal selectivity of
      these midbrain auditory neurons could be described by five response categories:
      'AM nonselective' (34%); 'AM high-pass' (7%); 'AM low-pass' (6%); 'AM band
      suppression' (12%); 'AM tuned' (40%). The distributions of temporal tuning values
      (i.e., modulation rate at which each AM-tuned unit responds maximally) are broad;
      in both species, neurons were found which were tuned to modulation rates greater
      than those found in their advertisement calls. Nevertheless, the temporal tuning
      values for H. versicolor (median = 25 Hz) were significantly lower than those for
      H. chrysoscelis (median = 32.5 Hz). The temporal selectivities of AM band
      suppression neurons were found to be temperature dependent. The modulation rate
      at which a response minimum was observed shifted to higher values as the
      temperature was elevated. These results extend our earlier findings of
      temperature-dependent temporal selectivity in the gray treefrog. The selectivity
      of band-suppression and AM-tuned neurons to various rates of amplitude modulation
      was largely, but not completely, independent of whether sinusoidal or natural
      forms of AM were used.

PMID- 3837113
TI  - Visual learning in walking blowflies, Lucilia cuprina.
AB  - The Australian sheep blowflies Lucilia cuprina were trained by presenting
      droplets of sugar solution on a light spot of blue (460 nm wavelength) or green
      (520 nm wavelength). During the test, the searching behaviour was elicited by
      sugar stimulation. Then, the flies were allowed to walk in the arena where four
      coloured spots (two blue and two green) with light intensities similar to the
      training light were exhibited. Visits at these coloured spots were recorded. The
      flies visited preferably the light spot of the colour to which they had been
      trained. Next, the flies were trained to a light spot of blue or green displayed
      in various intensities, and later tested to discriminate between these two
      colours displayed in fixed intensities. The flies preferred the trained colour
      over the untrained one irrespective of the intensity used during training. It was
      only at the lowest intensity that they showed random orientation. These results
      suggest that the flies can learn to visit a coloured spot, and that they can
      discriminate between colours on the basis of wavelength rather than intensity.
      Training caused the flies not only to increase the probability of visiting the
      trained colour, but also to extend the proboscis and to elicit a characteristic
      searching behaviour once they had reached the coloured spot.

PMID- 3837114
TI  - Ontogenetic development of neural responses in the olfactory bulb of laboratory
      mice.
AB  - In laboratory mice (strain NMRI) the ontogenetic development of single unit
      activity in the olfactory bulb was investigated. From postnatal day 10 on,
      spontaneously active neurons were recorded with glass-microelectrodes, and their
      responses to olfactory stimuli were tested (butyric acid, geraniol, grass- and
      nest-odour). From day 10 to 13 only very few neurons were recordable (and most of
      these elements were too weak and were lost before being stimulated). At day 14
      the number of recordable neurons increased rapidly, and by day 15 spontaneously
      active neurons reached adult level in terms of incidence and electric properties.
      There were 3 types of neurons: respiration synchronous elements; bursting neurons
      not correlated with respiration; continuously, but randomly, firing elements
      (about 60% of all neurons). Reactions to odour stimuli (excitation, ca. 50%;
      inhibition, ca. 34%; complex reactions, ca. 12%; change in activity pattern, ca.
      4%) occurred as soon as the cells were stable enough for testing. The reaction
      patterns showed no age specific differences; the duration of the responses varied
      from 100 ms to 100 s. In younger animals (P11-P14) the percentage of responses
      was slightly smaller (47%) than in the older ones (P30-P50; 64% response to
      olfactory stimulation). For some of the odours tested the proportion of
      responding cells differed depending on age (for instance grass odour evoked a
      response in 40% of the cells in young ones, but in 65% in adults).

PMID- 3837115
TI  - Responses to pure tones and linear FM components of the CF-FM biosonar signal by
      single units in the inferior colliculus of the mustached bat.
AB  - The responses of 682 single-units in the inferior colliculus (IC) of 13 mustached
      bats (Pteronotus parnellii parnellii) were measured using pure tones (CF),
      frequency modulations (FM) and pairs of CF-FM signals mimicking the species'
      biosonar signal, which are stimuli known to be essential to the responses of
      CF/CF and FM-FM facilitation neurons in auditory cortex. Units were arbitrarily
      classified into 'reference frequency' (RF), 'FM2' and 'Non-echolocation' (NE)
      categories according to the relationship of their best frequencies (BF) to the
      biosonar signal frequencies. RF units have high Q10dB values and are tuned to the
      reference frequency of each bat, which ranged between 60.73 and 62.73 kHz. FM2
      units had BF's between 50 and 60 kHz, while NE units had BF's outside the ranges
      of the RF and FM2 classes. PST histograms of the responses revealed discharge
      patterns such as 'onset', 'onset-bursting' (most common), 'on-off', 'tonic
      on','pauser', and 'chopper'. Changes in discharge patterns usually resulted from
      changes in the frequency and/or intensity of the stimuli, most often involving a
      change from onset-bursting to on-off. Different patterns were also elicited by CF
      and FM stimuli. Frequency characteristics and thresholds to CF and FM stimuli
      were measured. RF neurons were very sharply tuned with Q10dB's ranging from 50
      360. Most (92%) also responded to FM2 stimuli, but 78% were significantly more
      sensitive (greater than 5 dB) to CF stimuli, and only 3% had significantly lower
      thresholds to FM2. The best initial frequency for FM2 sweeps in RF units was
      65.35 +/- 2.138 kHz (n = 118), well above the natural frequency of the 2nd
      harmonic. FM2 and NE units were indistinguishable from each other, but were quite
      different from RF units: 41% of these two classes had lower thresholds to CF, 49%
      were about equally sensitive, and 10% had lower thresholds to FM. For FM2 units,
      mean best initial frequency for FM was 60.94 kHz +/- 3.162 kHz (n = 114), which
      is closely matched to the 2nd harmonic in the biosonar signal. Very few units (5)
      responded only to FM signals, i.e., were FM-specialized. The characteristics of
      spike-count functions were determined in 587 units. The vast majority (79%) of RF
      units (n = 228) were nonmonotonic, and about 22% had upper-thresholds.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3837117
TI  - Visual interneurons in the lobula complex of the fleshfly, Boettcherisca
      peregrina.
AB  - The physiology and morphology of visual interneurons in the lobula complex of the
      fleshfly, Boettcherisca peregrina, were studied using intracellular recordings
      and intracellular cobalt stainings, respectively. Using responses to movements of
      a spot of light and on-off stimuli at single positions, we classified the
      interneurons into five physiological groups ON, OFF, ON-OFF, non-directional
      motion sensitive (NDM) and directional motion sensitive (DM) neurons. They could
      be further divided into four morphological types, depending on the location and
      extent of their dendrites and terminal branches.

PMID- 3837116
TI  - Effect of rest deprivation on motor activity of fish.
AB  - The rest-activity behavior of two fish species, Cichlosoma nigrofasciatum and
      Carassius auratus kept under 12-h light-12-h dim condition was investigated. Rest
      and activity were determined from continuous time-lapse video recordings. Three
      states were discriminated based on the degree of motor activity. Both species
      exhibited a clear rest-activity rhythm with activity predominating during the
      light period. 'Rest deprivation' was carried out in perch during the habitual dim
      period by exposing the animals to either 12 h continuous light or to 6 h
      intermittent light (1 h light - 1 h dim for 12 h). Both light schedules enhanced
      activity and reduced rest. Light-induced activation was followed by an increase
      in low activity and rest behavior which prevailed for 12 h following continuous
      light, and for 6 h following intermittent light. The results indicate that
      homeostatic mechanisms are involved in the regulation of rest and activity in
      fish. These mechanisms may be similar to those underlying sleep regulation in
      mammals.

PMID- 3837118
TI  - Collision with and avoidance of obstacles by blind cave fish Anoptichthys jordani
      (Characidae).
AB  - Blind Mexican cave fish (Anoptichthys jordani) were released into unknown
      surroundings and their swimming tracks were recorded. During the first 24 h in a
      new tank, i.e., in unfamiliar environments, the average swimming velocity of the
      fish was higher than during the remaining time in the tank. Collision with
      obstacles was recorded by an electrical contact detection method. Single frame
      analysis of video-recordings revealed that collision can be correlated with tail
      movements when the fish is close to an obstacle, whereas avoidance correlates
      with gliding during approach to an obstacle. These behavior patterns are
      discussed in the context of the flow field hypothesis and inhibition of the
      lateral line organ during movement.

PMID- 3837119
TI  - Changes in incidence of shigella subgroups and their antibiotic susceptibility
      pattern in Vellore, South India.
AB  - Investigations were carried out on faecal samples of cases of diarrhoea
      presenting at a hospital in Vellore, South India, over a period of 1 year.
      Pathogens were identified and tested for susceptibility to a number of
      antibiotics. Blood cultures were carried out where septicaemia was suspected. It
      was found that the relative frequencies of the shigella subgroups have changed
      since previous reports. The paper reports changing resistance patterns of
      shigellae to antibiotics and the existence of a number of multiple drug resistant
      strains. The authors recommend constant surveillance of resistance patterns so
      that effective therapy can be given in emergency conditions.

PMID- 3837120
TI  - Diphtheria in Afghanistan--review of 155 cases.
AB  - During the 3-year study period, 155 culture-positive cases of diphtheria were
      reviewed at the Institute of Child Health, Kabul. They comprised 0.6% of hospital
      admissions due to medical disorders in our institute. About 80% of patients
      belonged to an age group of 1-10 years and only two patients were less than 1
      year old. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1. There was no history of previous
      vaccination against diphtheria in 96.7% of patients. In the majority of patients
      faucial diphtheria was diagnosed (77.4%), followed by laryngeal (16.1%) an
      combined pharyngolaryngeal (6.5%). Clinical presentation was with a mild to
      moderate degree of fever, sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy, toxaemia,
      tachycardia and a characteristic thick greyish-white membrane. The main early
      complications were laryngeal obstruction (35), myocarditis (18), shock (3),
      polyneuritis (3) and renal failure (2). The overall case fatality rate was 19.3%.
      Prognosis was unfavourable in patients with laryngeal diphtheria when there was a
      delay of more than 4 days before reaching the hospital and if there was a delay
      in relieving laryngeal obstruction by tracheostomy. Outcome was unrelated to the
      age of the patient.

PMID- 3837122
TI  - Positive direct antiglobulin test associated with echinococcosis: a case report.
AB  - A patient with hydatid cyst of the liver was found to have a positive direct
      antiglobulin test, with IgG and complement on his red blood cells (RBCs), but
      with no evidence of haemolysis. The positive direct antiglobulin test disappeared
      following surgical removal of the cyst. To the best of our knowledge no such case
      has been reported in the literature.

PMID- 3837121
TI  - Current clinical patterns of typhoid fever: a prospective study.
AB  - This paper reports on a prospective study comprising 125 consecutive adult cases
      of typhoid fever diagnosed on the basis of positive cultures for typhoid
      organisms. Salmonella typhi infection was found to be more frequent (89.6%) than
      S. paratyphi A & B (10.4%). Onset of the disease was usually insidious and the
      classical step-ladder pattern of fever was uncommon (12%). Rose spots were
      observed in 9.6% cases. Gut perforation was more common, while typhoid toxaemia
      and peripheral circulatory failure were less frequent than in most of the series
      reported from India. Both these variations are ascribed to the widespread use of
      corticosteroids in our patients. Gut perforation alone accounted for three
      quarters of the deaths.

PMID- 3837123
TI  - Venepuncture pain can be reduced.
AB  - A lidocaine-prilocaine cream, 'eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics' (EMLA) and
      placebo were compared regarding their ability to diminish venepuncture pain in
      Oriental infants and young children. The investigation was double-blind and
      randomized. Twenty-eight children (median age 30 months) were treated with a
      placebo and 27 (median age 24 months) with EMLA. All pain reactions were observed
      by the same investigator and classified according to a three-grade scale: no
      pain, slight pain and severe pain. Treatment with EMLA resulted in significantly
      lower pain scores than treatment with the placebo (z = 2.67, P less than 0.01).
      No adverse reactions were observed.

PMID- 3837124
TI  - Infant deaths in a health unit area of Northern Sri Lanka.
AB  - Ninety-seven infant deaths that occurred during 1 year were almost equally
      distributed in the neonatal and post-neonatal periods. The low infant mortality
      rate (IMR) reported for the area was found to be due to poor registration of
      deaths. The actual IMR is 35.4. Lower respiratory tract infections and
      gastroenteritis were the chief causes of death, with low birth weight
      contributing to it. Among these deaths, as a conservative estimate, 20 have been
      identified as preventable. Prevention of these deaths would reduce the IMR to
      28.1. Practitioners of indigenous medicine need training on the management of
      dehydration in infants, and the mothers should be taught the proper use of oral
      rehydration solution. Families belonging to low 'social caste' were more at risk
      of infant deaths. This study shows the importance of small, community-based
      investigations in order to identify vulnerable small socio-cultural groups in
      developing countries.

PMID- 3837125
TI  - Community participation in Afghan refugee camps in Pakistan.
AB  - Community participation is regarded by many as the key to the primary health care
      (PHC) approach; that is the most essential factor in determining the success of
      failure of a PHC programme. In September 1983, UNICEF and Save the Children Fund
      (SCF) signed an agreement for a pilot PHC project in Badaber refugee camp,
      Pakistan, as the first phase in development of PHC in areas settled by Afghan
      refugees, under the supervision of the United Nations High Commission for
      Refugees (UNHCR) ant the government of Pakistan. This paper reviews the factors
      enhancing and inhibiting the formation of a community, describes how community
      participation was achieved in Badaber and discusses the prospects for replication
      of the model in the 86 camps in North West Frontier Province which are funded by
      UNHCR.

PMID- 3837126
TI  - The effects of zinc chloride on the RNP structures in HEp-2 cells: accumulation
      of perichromatin granules.
AB  - The effects of zinc on the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) constituents of HEp-2 cells
      have been analyzed. Pulse-chase autoradiographic experiments show a preferential
      inhibition of nucleolar RNA synthesis and a block in the transport of nucleolar
      and extranucleolar RNA in zinc-treated cells. Concomitantly with the disturbance
      in RNA metabolism and in protein synthesis, nucleolar condensation, accumulation
      of perichromatin granules and fibrils, condensation of interchromatin fibrils,
      and appearance of dense granular bodies occur. Accumulation of perichromatin
      fibrils and condensation of interchromatin fibrils appear to be related to the
      block in the transport of heterogeneous nuclear RNA. Depletion of certain
      proteins required for the assembly of RNP particles could share in the abnormal
      behavior of RNA and lead to the accumulation of perichromatin granules and the
      appearance of dense granular bodies.

PMID- 3837127
TI  - Are there knobs on energy transducing membranes in situ?
AB  - It is argued here that the projections which are frequently seen on the matrix
      side of the mitochondrial inner membranes and which are characterized as globules
      or spherical projections or as knob-on-stalks are an artifact of the preparation
      and/or of the staining of the submitochondrial particles or mitochondria. In
      sectioned or freeze-fractured preparations of intact cells or mitochondria, the
      externalized spheres are rarely seen on the membranes. They are, however, almost
      always seen on fragmented preparations, especially if they have been negatively
      stained with phosphotungstate.

PMID- 3837128
TI  - [Giant mitochondria in the A cells of the pancreas of a lizard: Varanus
      niloticus].
AB  - Pancreatic A cells of the lizard Varanus niloticus are characterized by the
      presence of two types of mitochondria: (a) normal, small mitochondria (about 0.4
      X 1 micron), and (b) giant mitochondria, measuring up to 9 micron in length and 1
      micron in diameter. Giant mitochondria show various shapes. Their matrix is
      filled with tubules, filaments, and dense granules. Transverse sections of
      tubules are polygonal in shape and about 20 nm in diameter. They are grouped in
      bundles. The filaments, about 9-10 nm in diameter, are arranged in parallel
      layers crossing each other at a 57 degree angle. In a closely related species,
      Varanus exanthematicus, pancreatic A cells do not show these peculiar features.

PMID- 3837129
TI  - Quantitative analysis of development of mitochondrial ultrastructure in
      differentiating mouse hepatocytes during postnatal period.
AB  - Between birth and 10 days of age, the volume density (volume/unit cytoplasmic
      volume) of the matrix, and the surface density (area/unit cytoplasmic volume) of
      the inner membrane and cristae increased in both periportal and perihepatic
      hepatocytes, and did not differ significantly between the cells of the two zones.
      After 10 days of age, however, the volume density of the matrix decreased in
      perihepatic cells and remained unchanged in periportal cells, and, therefore, it
      became greater in periportal cells than in perihepatic cells in 20-day-old and
      adult animals. The surface density of the inner membrane and cristae decreased in
      the cells of both zones. Further, the hepatocyte volume increased markedly,
      especially in perihepatic zones between 20 days of age and the adult. The results
      show that, in postnatally differentiating hepatocytes, mitochondria are likely to
      develop during early postnatal period, then the structural heterogeneity of
      mitochondria arises, and hepatocyte volume increases markedly during late
      postnatal period after weaning. Thus, the process of postnatal hepatocyte
      differentiation includes such several phases of development.

PMID- 3837130
TI  - A simple method for analysis of superoxide dismutase in animal tissues by
      cellulose acetate electrophoresis.

PMID- 3837131
TI  - Antitumor activity of polysaccharide fractions from the brown seaweed Sargassum
      kjellmanianum.

PMID- 3837133
TI  - [Treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia].
AB  - From 1964 to 1984 (a 21-year period), out of 102.277 deliveries, there were 80
      cases (0.8%) of eclampsia and 443 cases (4.3%) of pre-eclampsia. One patient
      (1.25%) with eclampsia died after delivery. Out of 539 children from mothers with
      pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, 44 (8.2%) died after birth. The delivery of the
      greatest number of women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia was terminated
      vaginally (81.5% and 77.5% respectively). In the prevention and treatment of
      convulsions the authors use Diazepam and also the antihypertensive drug
      Diazoxide, along with the administration of diuretics (Furosemide) if necessary.
      For the reconstitution of fluid, they apply plasma expanders, electrolyte
      solutions, and 10% glucose infusions. All patients with eclampsia should be
      delivered by the vaginal induction of labour or by caesarean section as soon as
      the convulsions are under control.

PMID- 3837132
TI  - [Abortion in the 2d trimester using carboprost tromethamine].
AB  - The authors present their own experience (1980-1985) in the application (im. so
      called "monotone rhythm and doses") of Prostin 15-M (Upjohn) in legal abortions
      in the second trimester (14th-20th gestational weeks). This preparation was
      applied in 470 patients divided into 3 groups for the purpose of differential
      treatment and analysis: A--gravidae juvenae 13-18 years of age, B--gravidae
      adultae (19-40 years of age) C--gravidae vetustae 41-46 years of age. The mean
      age of patients by age groups was: A-16 years + 8 months; B-26 years + 3 months;
      C-42 years + 7 months. Indications for abortion were: medical in 53.83%, eugenic
      in 30.21%, medico-social in 14.25%, and ethico-legal in 1.70%. The percentage of
      primigravidae was 40.42 and of multigravidae 59.76%. The average length of the
      abortion interval and the average dose of Prostin 15-M (in ml) were as follows:
      group A 28 h 30' and 8.92 ml; group B 23 h 23' and 8.23 ml. and group C 16 h and
      4.97 ml. All recorded side-effects and complications were analysed. Significant
      complications occurred in 5 cases (1.06%): cervical rupture in 3 cases and
      massive postabortal haemorrhage in 2 cases. No deaths occurred. The authors
      elaborated a system of the differential evaluation of the efficacy of this method
      and its advantages over other methods previously applied. The method has proved
      to be very simple, efficacious, suitable from the medico-clinical point of view,
      with a relatively low percentage of complications, and economical (costs of
      treatment and hospitalisation).

PMID- 3837134
TI  - [Premalignant and malignant changes in the uterine cervix in women younger than
      30 years].
AB  - From 1974 to 1983, 124.471 cervico-vaginal smears after Papanicolaou were
      analysed. Group I and II findings numbered 97.06%, group III 2.28%, group IV
      0.54%, and group V 0.12%. Most findings of groups III and IV related to women in
      their forties (32%), then to those in the fifties (28.2) and in the thirties
      (26%). Out of 1522 group III women, 261 were histologically examined: there were
      78 dysplasias, 108 carcinomas in situ, 27 invasive carcinomas, and 48 benign
      changes. Out of 317 group IV women, there were 33 benign changes, 66 dysplasias,
      158 carcinomas in situ, and 60 invasive carcinomas. Out of 78 group V women,
      there were 7 benign changes and dysplasias each, 17 carcinomas in situ, and 47
      invasive carcinomas. Most dysplasias and carcinomas in situ were found in women
      in their forties (39.9), a smaller number in women in their thirties (29.4%), and
      the smallest number in women in their fifties (22.5%). Out of all invasive
      carcinomas, the highest number was found in women in their fifties (32.09%), the
      peak being about ten years later than that relating to dysplasias and carcinomas
      in situ. The conclusion is that the screening of the uterine cervix should start
      already at the time of defloration.

PMID- 3837135
TI  - Effects of antihypertensive agents on lipids, lipoproteins, and coronary heart
      disease.

PMID- 3837136
TI  - Osteoarthritis V: medical management.

PMID- 3837138
TI  - Supervision of the impaired physician in a clinical practice setting.

PMID- 3837137
TI  - Miliary tuberculosis masquerading as late infection in total hip replacement.

PMID- 3837139
TI  - Current approach to PID.

PMID- 3837140
TI  - Health care costs--past, present, and future.

PMID- 3837141
TI  - Characteristics of hospitalized TB patients: Montebello Center, Maryland, 1981 to
      1983.

PMID- 3837142
TI  - Osteoarthritis. VI: The hip--surgical management.

PMID- 3837144
TI  - Curriculum in ambulatory care.

PMID- 3837143
TI  - Emergency treatment of anaphylactoid reactions to radiographic contrast
      materials.

PMID- 3837145
TI  - High-pressure tool injection injuries.

PMID- 3837146
TI  - Management of primary adenocarcinoma of the large bowel.

PMID- 3837147
TI  - Occult hemorrhage in a neonate with hemophilia A.

PMID- 3837148
TI  - The use and abuse of cimetidine in a gastroenterology clinic.

PMID- 3837149
TI  - Osteoarthritis. VII: Rheumatic disease in the elderly.

PMID- 3837150
TI  - Treatment of hypertension in special populations.

PMID- 3837151
TI  - Osteoarthritis. VIII:--Surgical management of the knee.

PMID- 3837153
TI  - The newborn with acyanotic congenital heart disease: recognition and management.

PMID- 3837152
TI  - Preventive cardiology.

PMID- 3837154
TI  - Chest pain in children: identifying a source.

PMID- 3837155
TI  - Noninvasive assessment of pediatric congenital heart disease.

PMID- 3837156
TI  - Aftermath of pediatric heart surgery.

PMID- 3837157
TI  - Child abuse and neglect: sexual abuse of prepubertal children.

PMID- 3837158
TI  - Prognosis and management of cutaneous melanoma.

PMID- 3837159
TI  - Computerized literature searches.

PMID- 3837160
TI  - The impaired physician. What he doesn't know will hurt him.

PMID- 3837161
TI  - Use of 24-hour pH monitoring for gastroesophageal reflux.

PMID- 3837162
TI  - Osteoarthritis. IX: Biomechanical factors, prevention, and nonpharmacologic
      management.

PMID- 3837163
TI  - Hematuria from metastatic cancer to the kidney: case report and literature
      review.

PMID- 3837164
TI  - The elderly and medical care in America: their own evaluation of quality, access
      and cost.

PMID- 3837165
TI  - The dysfunctional pain patient--returning to work: a preliminary report.

PMID- 3837166
TI  - Rationale for physicians' decisions to refer obese patients.
AB  - Health care costs are an increasing burden upon American society. Referral of
      patients to a specialist generates additional cost. We studied the reasons behind
      decisions to refer patients with uncomplicated obesity to endocrinologists.
      Obesity may be viewed as a paradigm of diseases with relatively well-known
      etiology, low morbidity and mortality, chronicity, and poor outcome from standard
      therapy. In addition, it is a disease that is rarely curable by medical
      intervention, requiring behavioral change. Physicians have little direct
      experience in the differential diagnosis of endocrine disease, because of its low
      prevalence. We studied the referral decisions of 45 physicians in three medical
      specialties. Clinical decision making was studied using a standard set of 24
      carefully structured case reports of obese women, all without obvious endocrine
      disease cues on history or physical. In these cases the patients' desire to be
      seen by endocrinologists was the major factor in the decision to refer. Referrals
      were not made primarily to rule out suspected endocrine disorder or because of
      concern for increased risk of morbidity.

PMID- 3837167
TI  - Problem solving in undergraduate medical students.
AB  - In recent years the systematic development of the skill of clinical reasoning has
      come to assume a high priority as an explicit aim of medical education. Clinical
      reasoning, it is contended, is the application of general reasoning and problem
      solving skills to the specific knowledge base of medicine. The results presented
      in this paper constitute a preliminary study designed to investigate the ability
      of first-year medical undergraduates to solve abstract problems using a simple
      nonmedical knowledge base. Further studies are being carried out and will
      continue to extend this into the specific medical knowledge base area. The
      potential implications for medical education and the development of clinical
      reasoning are discussed.

PMID- 3837168
TI  - The use of the "range of uncertainty".
AB  - Most laboratory tests are hampered by overlap of the population with a disease
      and the population without the disease. An efficient approach to clinical problem
      solving is to order tests in sequence and focus on the overlap zone of each test-
      the "range of uncertainty." Indeed, only cases that fall in that range need
      further workup. All others will have the suspected diagnosis made or excluded
      with reasonable confidence and need no further testing. To demonstrate the
      application of this concept, we correlated the iron saturation test and ferritin
      levels sequentially with the presence or absence of stainable iron in the bone
      marrow of 139 patients. This model should be suitable for other laboratory tests;
      it may decrease the use of the laboratory in clinical decision making and reduce
      the discomfort and cost of additional tests.

PMID- 3837169
TI  - [Ectoparasites in rodents of the urban region of Belo Horizonte, MG. III. Fleas,
      Anoplura and Acari indices in Rattus norvegicus norvegicus].
AB  - The total and specific indices of fleas, lice and mites were determined for
      ectoparasites on Rattus norvegicus norvegicus capture in urban areas of Belo
      Horizonte, Minas state, Brazil, from June 1980 to September 1982. In view of the
      limiting or critical values attributed to flea indices above all the "cheopis"
      index, proposed by several authors as a complementary measure for bubonic plague
      surveillance, the community of Belo Horizonte would have been exposed to this
      infection. The annual total indices ranged from 0.3 to 2.4 and the prevalent flea
      was Xenopsylla cheopis (99.2%), with the highest indices coinciding with the late
      dry-cool season. On two occasions, in this period, the community would have
      remained highly exposed to infection, since the index-limits were superseded: 8.8
      (October 1980) and 6.2 (September 1982). It is suggested that preventive
      measures, such as protection against rat insecticide treatment may be efficiently
      applied in the late dry-cool season, or previous to the rainy season, before the
      elimination of rats. Reports on indices of lice and mites are important as they
      may establish index-limits for certain infections exclusive to rodents.

PMID- 3837170
TI  - The retained capacity of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) to transmit
      Leishmania chagasi (Cunha & Chagas) after eight years (64 generations) in a
      closed laboratory colony.
AB  - A closed Lutzomyia longipalpis colony, from Ceara has been used to transmit
      Leishmania chagasi isolated from a fox in Para state. The last time this colony
      was successfully used in similar transmission experiments was eight years (64
      generations) ago indicating that this colony of Lu. longipalpis has fully
      maintained its vectorial capacity in spite of such a long period of maintainance
      in the laboratory.

PMID- 3837171
TI  - Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Clinical,
      parasitological, therapeutical and epidemiological findings (1977-1983).
AB  - Forty dogs from the periphery of the city of Rio de Janeiro were studied. All
      dogs where diagnosed as positive for leishmaniasis either parasitologically
      and/or serologically. Among them, 19 came from areas where only Visceral
      Leishmaniasis (VL) occurs (Realengo, Bangu, Senador Camara). Clinical signs of
      the disease were seen in 36.8% of the cases, including emaciation - 100%,
      lymphadenopathy and depilation - 85.7%. The other 21 dogs came from an area
      (Campo Grande) where both diseases (VL, and American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis -
      ACL) occur. Clinical signs of the disease, mainly cutaneous or mucocutaneous
      ulcers were seen in 76.2% of the cases. Leishmania parasites were found in 39
      cases: 22% in viscera, 42.5% in viscera and normal skin and 35% in cutaneous or
      mucocutaneous ulcers. All the Leishmania stocks isolated from dogs which came
      from Realengo, Bangu, Senador Camara (VL area), and from Campo Grande (VL + ACL
      area) were characterized as L. donovani (except in one case) according to their
      schizodeme, zymodeme and serodeme. The only stock characterized as L. b.
      braziliensis, was isolated from the lymph node of a dog from Campo Grande with
      visceral disease and without skin lesions. Antimony therapy attempted in eight
      Leishmania donovani positive dogs was unsuccessful.

PMID- 3837172
TI  - Flagellates in the malpighian tubules of laboratory-bred Lutzomyia longipalpis
      fed on a hamster experimentally infected with Leishmania mexicana amazonensis.
AB  - As a preparatory stage for a study aiming at identifying the species and
      subspecies of local Leishmania in naturally infected sandflies through
      immunoradiometric assay with monoclonal antibodies, we tried to obtain
      experimental infections of phlebotomines with well characterized stocks of
      parasites, in order to test the effectiveness of the method.

PMID- 3837173
TI  - Observations on the sandfly (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna of Alem Paraiba, State
      of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and the isolation of a parasite of the Leishmania
      braziliensis complex from Psychodopygus hirsuta hirsuta.
AB  - Dissection of 765 sandflies captured in Alem Paraiba (the type locality of
      Leishmania braziliensis) resulted in the isolation, from Psychodopygus hirsuta
      hirsuta, of a parasite of the Le. braziliensis complex.

PMID- 3837174
TI  - Vasomotion and transvascular exchange of fluid and plasma proteins.
AB  - The effect of spontaneous arteriolar vasomotion on the transvascular exchange of
      fluid and plasma proteins has been studied theoretically. The model combines
      fluid dynamic principles with a phenomenological approach to transvascular
      exchange on the basis of irreversible thermodynamics. The analytical treatment of
      the intravascular flow together with consideration of local changes of the
      morphology and vascular membrane characteristics makes it possible to determine
      the spatial and temporal variation of transvascular fluid and plasma protein
      fluxes. Since the undulations of the arteriolar diameter have low frequencies (3
      to 10 per cycle), the transvascular fluxes are in phase with the vasomotion. The
      model combines hemodynamics, microhemorheology and mass transfer at the vessel
      wall and provides pressures, velocities, plasma protein concentration, hematocrit
      and apparent blood viscosity at any position in the microvascular bed at any
      time. In addition, global parameters as the total filtration rate and the total
      transvascular mass flow rate of plasma proteins are determined as functions of
      time. Numerical results are obtained for the cat mesentery with the terminal
      arteriole exhibiting vasomotion. The vascular arrangement studied comprised a
      terminal arteriole, capillaries and a venule together with appropriate side
      branches. The results show dramatic temporal changes in the hemodynamic
      parameters. Fluid filtration occurs along the entire vascular length at all times
      except during vasoconstriction when small absorption rates occur on the venous
      side. The transvascular fluxes achieve maximum values either on the arteriolar or
      on the venular side depending on the moment of the vasomotion cycle. The
      transvascular exchange rates in the mid-capillaries are generally low.

PMID- 3837175
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance parameters of water in biological tissues.
AB  - Water is an essential ingredient for life; yet, in cells, its physical properties
      and their implications to function are poorly understood. Even though our
      knowledge is incomplete, all theories of cellular function have explicit or
      implicit assumptions about the physical properties of water. This report contains
      various views of the cell and the functional role of water in those views is
      presented. In addition, a view of the scientific thought that led to the first
      studies of pathophysiological states using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
      technology is presented. Finally, an attempt is made to show that it is important
      for us to know more about the physical properties of water, as determined by NMR
      techniques. This is thought to be important not only for the testing of our
      cellular theories but also for a better understanding of the information content
      of NMR images which are fast becoming common place.

PMID- 3837176
TI  - Quantitative changes in mast cells and microvascular pattern associated with
      dietary gastric ulceration in rats.
AB  - The regional distribution of mast cells and the microvascular pattern in the
      stomach of Wistar rats fed on an ulcerogenic diet were compared with those of
      control animals. Mounts of the distended stomach were made and stained for blood
      vessels and mast cells in the subserosal layer. Measurements made under dark
      ground illumination in 12 operationally defined regions of the serosa
      demonstrated that the stomach wall in the region around the oesophagus is more
      richly vascularised and possesses a greater number of mast cells (60 cells per
      mm2) than other regions. Changes in the mast cells and microvasculature were
      observed in rats fed an ulcerogenic diet, notably in the zone around the
      oesophagus, where more than 30% mast cells were degranulated and the mean
      vascular diameter increased by 26%. The severity of the vascular changes
      correlated with the location of the ulcers of which 50% were in the zone
      surrounding the oesophagus.

PMID- 3837177
TI  - Altered skeletal muscle microvascular hemodynamics after one week of
      streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
AB  - The aim of this study was to examine alterations in skeletal muscle microvascular
      hemodynamics occurring one week after the onset of streptozotocin diabetes.
      Diabetes was induced in 9 male, Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal
      streptozotocin (60 mg/kg); 10 age-matched rats acted as controls. The animals
      were then studied 6-8 days after the induction of diabetes. For study of skeletal
      muscle microvascular hemodynamics the right cremaster muscle was exteriorized.
      Vessel diameters were measured with an image shearing monitor and red blood cell
      velocity was determined with an optical Doppler velocimeter. Measurements were
      taken in the resting and dilated (adenosine applied topically to the muscle)
      states. In the resting state, diabetic rats showed significant enlargement of
      venules less than 120 microM, while arteriolar diameters were comparable to those
      of controls. The extent of dilation in response to adenosine was significantly
      decreased in both the arterioles and venules of the diabetic animals. Blood flow
      through the main arteriole supplying the tissue was significantly decreased in
      the diabetic animals in both the resting and dilated states. The results of this
      study demonstrate changes in skeletal muscle hemodynamics after one week of
      streptozotocin diabetes. The diabetic animals are characterized by decreased
      perfusion and diminished ability to lower vascular resistance by vasodilation.

PMID- 3837178
TI  - Control of thymidylate synthase mRNA content and gene transcription in an
      overproducing mouse cell line.
AB  - We studied the content and metabolism of thymidylate synthase mRNA in cultured
      mouse fibroblasts that were undergoing a serum-induced transition from the
      resting to growing state. The studies were performed with a 5-fluorodeoxyuridine
      resistant 3T6 cell line (LU3-7) that over produces the enzyme and its mRNA about
      50-fold and that regulates the expression of the thymidylate synthase gene in the
      same manner as the parental cell line. We have previously shown that the rate of
      synthesis of thymidylate synthase increases at least ninefold when the serum
      stimulated cells traverse the S phase. Here we show, by Northern blot analysis,
      that thymidylate synthase mRNA increased 20- to 40-fold as cells progressed from
      resting to late S phase. About 85% of poly(A)+ thymidylate synthase mRNA was
      associated with polysomes at all times. The increase in thymidylate synthase
      poly(A)+ mRNA content was the result of an eightfold increase in the rate of
      production of this species, as shown by pulse-labeling studies. Pulse-chase
      analysis revealed that the half-life of thymidylate synthase poly(A)+ mRNA was
      similar in resting (9 h) and growing (7 h) cells. The rate of transcription of
      the thymidylate synthase gene, as determined in isolated nuclei, increased only
      by a factor of three to four during the S phase. Since the content of the message
      increased to a much greater extent than the rate of transcription of the gene,
      posttranscriptional controls must also play a role in regulating the content of
      thymidylate synthase mRNA under these conditions. Our results suggest that the
      cell may regulate the distribution of thymidylate synthase mRNA between a
      relatively stable poly(A)+ RNA species and a labile poly(A)- RNA species.

PMID- 3837179
TI  - A polymorphic, prespore-specific cell surface glycoprotein is present in the
      extracellular matrix of Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Polymorphisms of a major developmentally regulated prespore-specific protein
      (PsA) in Dictyostelium discoideum slugs are described. These polymorphisms
      allowed discrimination between PsA (found on the cell surface and in the
      extracellular matrix) and a similar extracellular but nonpolymorphic protein,
      ShA. The two proteins were also distinguished by their differing reactivities
      with a range of monoclonal antibodies and by their sensitivity to release from
      the sheath with cellulase. The results are discussed in terms of the molecular
      and genetic relationships between the cell surface and the extracellular matrix
      during development.

PMID- 3837180
TI  - Stabilization of a specific nuclear mRNA precursor by thyroid hormone.
AB  - The regulation of a thyroid hormone-responsive gene in rats, designated spot 14,
      was explored. The expression of this gene in liver is rapidly (less than 10 min)
      and markedly (greater than 10-fold) altered by the administration of 3,5,3'
      triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) to hypothyroid rats (P. Narayan, C. W. Liaw, and H. C.
      Towle, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:4687-4691, 1984). To investigate the
      cellular site at which T3 acts to induce this hepatic mRNA, we made parallel
      measurements of the relative levels of spot 14 mRNA and nuclear precursor RNA and
      of the rate of gene transcription after treatments designed to alter the thyroid
      status of rats. The relative levels of both the mRNA and nuclear precursor were
      elevated roughly 5- to 6-fold in euthyroid animals and 9- to 12-fold in
      hyperthyroid animals over those in hypothyroid controls. However, only a small
      difference of approximately 1.5-fold was detected in the rate of spot 14 gene
      transcription. After a single injection of T3 into hypothyroid animals, a small
      and transient rise in the transcription rate was detected at 30 min. However, the
      levels of spot 14 mRNA and nuclear precursor RNA increased much more dramatically
      throughout the first 4 h of treatment. In both cases, changes in the rate of gene
      transcription were not capable of accounting for the alterations observed in mRNA
      levels. Thus, the major site of spot 14 gene regulation by T3 is at a
      posttranscriptional level. The proportional changes observed in the nuclear
      precursor and mRNA levels suggest that the site of control is at the level of
      stability of the nuclear precursor RNA for spot 14 mRNA.

PMID- 3837181
TI  - Induction of adenine salvage in mouse cell lines deficient in adenine
      phosphoribosyltransferase.
AB  - Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) (EC 2.4.2.7) pseudorevertant cell lines
      were isolated under selective conditions requiring adenine salvage for survival;
      yet they were found to be deficient in measurable APRT activity and resistant to
      the purine analog 2'6'-diaminopurine (DAP) (M.S. Turker, J. A. Tischfield, P.
      Rabinovitch, P.J. Stambrook, J.J. Trill, A.C. Smith, C.E. Ogburn, and G.M.
      Martin, manuscript in preparation). Adenine salvage was examined in two APRT
      pseudorevertant cell lines, their two APRT homozygous deficient parental cell
      lines, and a genotypic APRT revertant cell line (i.e., one with measurable APRT
      activity and DAP sensitivity). Adenine accumulation was observed in both
      revertant phenotypes and was demonstrated by high-performance liquid
      chromatography to be linked with adenine metabolism. The ability to salvage
      adenine declined substantially in the pseudorevertant cell lines when they were
      removed from selective media containing inhibitors of de novo 5'-AMP synthesis
      (alanosine and azaserine); for one pseudorevertant cell line this decline was
      accelerated by the addition of DAP to the medium. The readdition of alanosine or
      azaserine to the growth medium of the pseudorevertant lines induced adenine
      salvage to its previous levels. An APRT-like cross-reacting material was found in
      the pseudorevertant cell lines, although its relationship to adenine salvage is
      unknown. A low level of constitutive adenine salvage was found in the parental
      APRT-deficient lines, and it was also possible to induce adenine salvage in these
      cell lines. These findings suggest a novel regulatory mechanism for adenine
      salvage.

PMID- 3837183
TI  - Stimulation of sea urchin H2B histone gene transcription by a chromatin
      associated protein fraction depends on gene sequences downstream of the
      transcription start site.
AB  - We isolated a chromosomal protein fraction derived from chromatin of sea urchin
      embryos which specifically stimulated the expression of the histone H2B gene by a
      factor of 5- to 10-fold when the complete sea urchin histone gene repeat h22 was
      injected in Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclei. Gene manipulation experiments revealed
      the existence of two different target sites in the H2B gene which appear to
      mediate the response to injection of the stimulatory sea urchin chromatin
      associated proteins; both are located downstream of the transcription initiation
      site. The first sequence element which is shown to be implicated is within, or at
      least includes, the H2B 5' untranslated leader sequence between nucleotides 11
      and 76. The second element resides within an H2B DNA segment located near the 3'
      end of the gene, extending from 90 base pairs upstream of the mRNA 3' terminus to
      140 base pairs in the spacer sequences downstream.

PMID- 3837182
TI  - Evolution of the functional human beta-actin gene and its multi-pseudogene
      family: conservation of noncoding regions and chromosomal dispersion of
      pseudogenes.
AB  - We have assigned six members of the human beta-actin multigene family to specific
      human chromosomes. The functional gene, ACTB, is located on human chromosome 7,
      and the other assigned beta-actin-related sequences are dispersed over at least
      four different chromosomes including one locus assigned to the X chromosome.
      Using intervening sequence probes, we showed that the functional gene is single
      copy and that all of the other beta-actin related sequences are recently
      generated in evolution and are probably processed pseudogenes. The entire
      nucleotide sequence of the functional gene has been determined and is identical
      to cDNA clones in the coding and 5' untranslated regions. We have previously
      reported that the 3' untranslated region is well conserved between humans and
      rats (Ponte et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 12:1687-1696, 1984). Now we report that
      four additional noncoding regions are evolutionarily conserved, including
      segments of the 5' flanking region, 5' untranslated region, and, surprisingly,
      intervening sequences I and III. These conserved sequences, especially those
      found in the introns, suggest a role for internal sequences in the regulation of
      beta-actin gene expression.

PMID- 3837184
TI  - Microinjection of mRNA enhances translational efficiency of human adenovirus
      fiber message in monkey cells.
AB  - In monkey cells abortively infected with human adenovirus serotype 2, the
      synthesis of the fiber polypeptide of the virion capsid is reduced by at least a
      factor of 100 when compared with that in monkey cells productively infected with
      a host range mutant of adenovirus serotype 2 (Ad2hr400). However, the steady
      state level of fiber-encoding mRNA present in abortively infected monkey cells is
      only reduced by a factor of 5 to 10. When mRNA isolated from abortively and
      productively infected monkey cells was microinjected into the cytoplasms of
      uninfected or abortively infected monkey cells, no differences in the efficiency
      of translation of the fiber messages from these two sources were observed. These
      results suggest that the block to synthesis of the fiber polypeptide in
      abortively infected monkey cells does not reside in the translational machinery
      of the abortively infected cells themselves but may involve compartmentalization
      of the fiber message within the cells or an altered processing of the fiber
      message which prevents correct presentation to the ribosomes.

PMID- 3837185
TI  - Human U1 small nuclear RNA genes: extensive conservation of flanking sequences
      suggests cycles of gene amplification and transposition.
AB  - The DNA immediately flanking the 164-base-pair U1 RNA coding region is highly
      conserved among the approximately 30 human U1 genes. The U1 multigene family also
      contains many U1 pseudogenes (designated class I) with striking although
      imperfect flanking homology to the true U1 genes. Using cosmid vectors, we now
      have cloned, characterized, and partially sequenced three 35-kilobase (kb)
      regions of the human genome spanning U1 homologies. Two clones contain one true
      U1 gene each, and the third bears two class I pseudogenes 9 kb apart in the
      opposite orientation. We show by genomic blotting and by direct DNA sequence
      determination that the conserved sequences surrounding U1 genes are much more
      extensive than previously estimated: nearly perfect sequence homology between
      many true U1 genes extends for at least 24 kb upstream and at least 20 kb
      downstream from the U1 coding region. In addition, the sequences of the two new
      pseudogenes provide evidence that class I U1 pseudogenes are more closely related
      to each other than to true genes. Finally, it is demonstrated elsewhere (Lindgren
      et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:2190-2196, 1985) that both true U1 genes and class I
      U1 pseudogenes map to chromosome 1, but in separate clusters located far apart on
      opposite sides of the centromere. Taken together, these results suggest a model
      for the evolution of the U1 multigene family. We speculate that the contemporary
      family of true U1 genes was derived from a more ancient family of U1 genes (now
      class I U1 pseudogenes) by gene amplification and transposition. Gene
      amplification provides the simplest explanation for the clustering of both U1
      genes and class I pseudogenes and for the conservation of at least 44 kb of DNA
      flanking the U1 coding region in a large fraction of the 30 true U1 genes.

PMID- 3837186
TI  - Human U1 small nuclear RNA pseudogenes do not map to the site of the U1 genes in
      1p36 but are clustered in 1q12-q22.
AB  - Human U1 small nuclear RNA is encoded by approximately 30 gene copies. All of the
      U1 genes share several kilobases of essentially perfect flanking homology both
      upstream and downstream from the U1 coding region, but remarkably, for many U1
      genes excellent flanking homology extends at least 24 kilobases upstream and 20
      kilobases downstream. Class I U1 RNA pseudogenes are abundant in the human
      genome. These pseudogenes contain a complete but imperfect U1 coding region and
      possess extensive flanking homology to the true U1 genes. We mapped four class I
      pseudogenes by in situ hybridization to the long arm of chromosome 1, bands q12
      q22, a region distinct from the site on the distal short arm of chromosome 1 to
      which the U1 genes have been previously mapped (Lund et al., Mol. Cell. Biol.
      3:2211-2220, 1983; Naylor et al., Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 10:307-313, 1984). We
      confirmed our in situ hybridization results by genomic blotting experiments with
      somatic cell hybrid lines with translocation products of human chromosome 1.
      These experiments provide further evidence that class I U1 pseudogenes and the
      true U1 genes are not interspersed. The results, along with those published
      elsewhere (Bernstein et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:2159-2171, 1985), suggest that
      gene amplification may be responsible for the sequence homogeneity of the human
      U1 gene family.

PMID- 3837187
TI  - Chromosomal position and specific demethylation in enhancer sequences of germ
      line-transmitted retroviral genomes during mouse development.
AB  - The methylation pattern of the germ line-transmitted Moloney leukemia proviral
      genome was analyzed in DNA of sperm, of day-12 and day-17 embryos, and of adult
      mice from six different Mov substrains. At day 12 of gestation, all 50 testable
      CpG sites in the individual viral genomes as well as sites in flanking host
      sequences were highly methylated. Some sites were unmethylated in sperm,
      indicating de novo methylation of unique DNA sequences during normal mouse
      development. At subsequent stages of development, specific CpG sites which were
      localized exclusively in the 5' and 3' enhancer regions of the long terminal
      repeat became progressively demethylated in all six proviruses. The extent of
      enhancer demethylation, however, was tissue specific and strongly affected by the
      chromosomal position of the respective proviral genome. This position-dependent
      demethylation of enhancer sequences was not accompanied by a similar change
      within the flanking host sequences, which remained virtually unchanged. Our
      results indicate that viral enhancer sequences, but not other sequences in the M
      MuLV genome, may have an intrinsic ability to interact with cellular proteins,
      which can perturb the interaction of the methylase with DNA. Demethylation of
      enhancer sequences is not sufficient for gene expression but may be a necessary
      event which enables the enhancer to respond to developmental signals which
      ultimately lead to gene activation.

PMID- 3837188
TI  - Lens-specific promoter activity of a mouse gamma-crystallin gene.
AB  - Crystallins are the major water-soluble proteins in vertebrate eye lenses. These
      lens-specific proteins are encoded by several gene families, and their expression
      is differentially regulated during lens cell differentiation. Here we show that a
      cloned mouse gamma-crystallin promoter is active in lens explants derived from 14
      day-old chicken embryos but inactive in a variety of cells of non-lens origin. We
      also show that sequences required for proper utilization of this promoter are
      contained between nucleotide positions -392 and +47 relative to the transcription
      initiation site; deletion of sequences from positions -392 to -171 completely
      abolishes promoter activity. Since chickens do not have gamma-crystallin genes,
      the expression of a mouse gamma-crystallin promoter in chicken lens cells
      suggests that different classes of crystallin genes may be regulated by common
      lens tissue-specific mechanism(s) independent of species.

PMID- 3837189
TI  - Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate
      carboxylase gene expression in light- and dark-grown amaranth cotyledons.
AB  - The regulation of expression of the genes encoding the large subunit (LSU) and
      small subunit (SSU) of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) was
      examined in 1- through 8-day-old, dark-grown (etiolated) and light-grown amaranth
      cotyledons. RuBPCase specific activity in light-grown cotyledons increased during
      this 8-day period to a level 15-fold higher than in dark-grown cotyledons. Under
      both growth conditions, the accumulation of the LSU and SSU polypeptides was not
      coordinated. Initial detection of the SSU occurred 1 and 2 days after the
      appearance of the LSU in light- and dark-grown cotyledons, respectively.
      Furthermore, although the levels of the LSU were similar in both light- and dark
      grown seedlings, the amount of the SSU followed clearly the changes in enzyme
      activity. Synthesis of these two polypeptides was dramatically different in
      etiolated versus light-grown cotyledons. In light the synthesis of both subunits
      was first observed on day 2 and continued throughout the growth of the
      cotyledons. In darkness the rate of synthesis of both subunits was much lower
      than in light and occurred only as a burst between days 2 and 5 after planting.
      However, mRNAs for both subunits were present in etiolated cotyledons at similar
      levels on days 4 through 7 (by Northern analysis) and were functional in vitro,
      despite their apparent inactivity in vivo after day 5. In addition, since both
      LSU and SSU mRNA levels were lower in dark- than in light-grown seedlings, our
      results indicate that both transcriptional and post-transcriptional controls
      modulate RuBPCase production in developing amaranth cotyledons.

PMID- 3837190
TI  - Apparent gene conversion between beta-tubulin genes yields multiple regulatory
      pathways for a single beta-tubulin polypeptide isotype.
AB  - We have determined the complete nucleotide sequences of two chicken beta-tubulin
      genes, beta 1 and beta 2. These genes display an unusual pattern of segmental
      homology which indicates that they originally arose by gene duplication and have
      subsequently coevolved by a process that included localized gene conversion or
      intergenic recombination. Since the beta-tubulin polypeptides encoded by the two
      genes are virtually identical (99.5%), particularly in the major beta-tubulin
      isotype defining regions, they almost certainly constitute a single isotypic
      class of beta tubulin. However, the regulatory properties of the two genes are
      highly divergent as indicated by analysis of their patterns of expression in
      different chicken cell types. beta 1 is the major transcript detected in skeletal
      muscle myoblasts, whereas beta 2 is the major beta-tubulin transcript in cultured
      sympathetic neurons. The existence of these two genes appears to derive from a
      regulatory requirement whereby the expression of a single tubulin isotype is
      mediated through different regulatory programs in development and
      differentiation. These results thus provide direct experimental support for the
      hypothesis that gene conversion and intergenic recombination play an important
      role in evolution by uncoupling the evolution of structural genes from the
      regulatory sequences which control them.

PMID- 3837191
TI  - The spliced leader sequence of Trypanosoma brucei has a potential role as a cap
      donor structure.
AB  - Trypanosoma brucei brucei and other trypanosomatid species are unique among
      eucaryotes because transcription of their protein-coding genes is discontinuous.
      The 5' ends of their mRNAs consist of an identical 35-nucleotide spliced leader
      which is encoded at a separate locus from that for the body of the protein-coding
      transcript. We show here that the spliced leader transcript contains a 5' cap
      structure and suggest that at least one function of the spliced leader sequence
      is to provide a cap structure to trypanosome mRNAs.

PMID- 3837192
TI  - Simple isolation technique for osteoclasts from medullary bones.

PMID- 3837193
TI  - Binding of lead to plasma and erythrocytes--an in vitro experiment.

PMID- 3837194
TI  - Deficiency of the seventh component of complement with systemic lupus
      erythematosus.

PMID- 3837195
TI  - Volume response of human red cells toward glucose solution.

PMID- 3837196
TI  - One-stage procedure using a digitorum brevis muscle flap for reconstruction of a
      surgical defect after excision of malignant melanoma in the heel.

PMID- 3837197
TI  - Reconstruction of congenitally absent breast and pectoralis major muscle with
      latissimus dorsi muscle flap.

PMID- 3837198
TI  - Study on the mechanism of the antirachitic effects of T3.

PMID- 3837199
TI  - [Aspiration bronchopneumopathies].
AB  - Diagnosis of pulmonary disease due to inhalation (PDI) is based on the assumption
      that not all paediatric pulmonary disease is attributable to infection. Moreover,
      an accurate investigation of all typical signs of PDI is necessary: drooling,
      pouring of food from the nose, choking, frequent vomiting and regurgitation.
      Specific aetiological diagnosis is not difficult when PDI represents only the
      epiphenomenon of well defined diseases which have disturbed deglutition (e.g.
      premature birth, cerebral palsy, muscle disease). It is difficult but more
      important to find the cause of dysphagia when dysphagia itself represents the
      first sign of dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (e.g. familial
      dysautonomy). There are different PDI due to oesophageal dysphagia, e.g. the
      anomalous artery which presses the oesophagus against the trachea, oesophageal
      duplication, achalasia. The most frequent cause is gastro-oesophageal reflux,
      although recently its role in producing symptoms at night in the asthmatic child
      in much less. Gastro-oesophageal reflux is increased by the Beta2, agonists, the
      corticosteroids and theophylline. Therefore these drugs, especially theophylline,
      have to be used with discretion, also if gastro-oesophageal reflux is only
      suspected (e.g. frequent vomiting by the infant). Anomalous communication between
      the oesophagus and airways, particularly the laryngotracheo-oesophageal cleft and
      the isolated tracheoesophageal fistula, are rare diseases and difficult to
      diagnose. Therefore diagnosis can be delayed for months or even years. Prognosis
      is extremely variable: repeated inhalation will, however, cause diffuse
      interstitial fibrosis or, more rarely, a bronchiectasic lesion.

PMID- 3837200
TI  - [Bronchial hyperreactivity. I. General concepts].
AB  - Bronchial hyperreactivity is a condition in which the airways show a much greater
      bronchoconstrictor response to provocative stimuli than normal. Non-specific
      bronchial hyperreactivity is a feature of asthmatic patients both allergic and
      non-allergic. It is proposed that bronchial hyperreactivity is due to the fact
      that the airways are narrower. In addition changes in the mass of muscle, and
      changes in the contractility of the muscle may contribute to bronchial
      hyperreactivity. Moreover bronchial hyperreactivity could be due to increased
      alpha-adrenergic or parasympathetic activity or to decreased beta-adrenergic or
      non adrenergic inhibitory activity. Bronchial hyperreactivity can be induced by
      factors such as infection, inflammation or exposure to allergens.

PMID- 3837201
TI  - [Clinical and functional sequelae of bronchiolitis].
AB  - The authors carried out a follow-up on twenty-five children, affected with
      bronchiolitis in the early years of life, at seven years of age, in order to
      evaluate their clinical status and pulmonary function. Their parents were
      questioned about diseases of the small airways following to acute bronchiolitis.
      PRIST and RAST were effected in fourteen children; an evaluation of the pulmonary
      function with spirometry, flow-volume curve and body-plethysmography was done in
      every child. Then the flow-volume curve was repeated after bronchial provocation
      test with exercise (free running). Abnormalities of the pulmonary function at
      resting significant for small airways' obstruction were observed. A great number
      of children with bronchial hyperreactivity (60%) was observed after bronchial
      provocation test with exercise, particularly in those with genetic
      predisposition; 6/14 (43%) showed sensitization to many inhalant allergens,
      without correlation with genetic predisposition, clinical sequences and bronchial
      hyperreactivity.

PMID- 3837202
TI  - [Relation between blood eosinophilia and allergic respiratory disease in 2
      different school-age populations].
AB  - Two groups of children from 6 to 14 years old have been compared to explain
      correlation between haematic eosinophils and allergic respiratory diseases
      related with the environment where they live. First group was formed by 350
      pupils of Sesto S. Giovanni, and industrialized town, the second group by 345
      pupils of Cogliate, a country place. The screening was been preceded by a set of
      questions self-managed and it consisted in the determinations percentage of
      peripheral blood eosinophils. Patients whose eosinophils were more than 4% have
      been considered eosinophilia carrier. The results have been elaborated with
      statistical method "chi square". Results proved the greatest prevalence of
      allergic respiratory diseases in urban population with a greater eosinophilia
      spreading (33% in comparison with 26%; p less than 0.05). Eosinophilia appeared
      connected with recurrent rhinitis (p less than 0.001) relapsing bronchitis (p
      less than 0.001) relapsing bronchitis (p less than 0.001) asthmatic bronchitis (p
      less than 0.001) positive results of skin tests to 4 allergens (p less than
      0.001) and in rural district also with male sex (p less than 0.05). In
      industrialized areas, in special way there is a closed relation between
      respiratory diseases and peripheral blood eosinophils increased. Eosinophilia
      will be find in relapsing respiratory pathology and it will apply to allergology
      controls. It could represent an unfavourable element of prognosis foresee the
      possibility that episodic bronchus-spasms will be frequent in patients with
      asthmatic syndrome.

PMID- 3837203
TI  - [Green milk: a contribution to the study of iatrogenic pollution of human milk?].
AB  - An heterozygotic beta-thalassemic pregnant woman after a treatment with ferritin
      produced green milk for many days. Bivalent iron was found in that green human
      milk.

PMID- 3837204
TI  - [Evaluation of renal function in congenital cardiopathies in young children].
AB  - The authors evaluated some renal functional parameters of 23 children, the ages
      ranged 1 to 58 weeks; 8 were affected with cyanotic congenital heart disease and
      15 with acyanotic forms. They showed the presence, already in this age, of some
      affections that are quiet similar to those affecting older children with heart
      disease. They tried to explain the renal functional deficiency in consideration
      of the literature data also. The authors formed a functional deficiency greater
      in the cyanotic forms, proportional to the weight deficiency and the same as that
      described in dystrophic children. They think that this is due to a first year
      maturational retardation, because of a low trophism of the body, in particular of
      the kidney. The authors suggest that these patients have to be fed with
      appropriate caloric-protein diet.

PMID- 3837205
TI  - [Opsoclonic encephalopathy in childhood (Kinsbourne syndrome)].
AB  - Kinsbourne's syndrome (ataxia--opsoclonus--myoclonus) is described. The
      characteristics of this syndrome are: infections of the upper respiratory tract
      and enteric system and behavioural disturbances leading to the typical
      symptomatological triad. Various tests were carried out to determine the presence
      of neuroblastoma which is often associated (46%) to this syndrome. These tests
      resulted negative. Differential diagnosis was considered in relation to other
      conditions which present a characteristic symptomatology similar to Kinsbourne's
      syndrome. Synthetic ACTH (Synacthen) treatment produced a regression of the
      clinical symptoms. Based on the examinations carried out, which always resulted
      negative even after 36 months, and on the drug dependence, the present case was
      diagnosed as primitive opsoclonus.

PMID- 3837206
TI  - [Varicocele in childhood].
AB  - The Authors analyze 20 cases of left varicocele, treated surgically, in boys from
      10 to 16 years with the mean age of 12 years. During the operation a testicular
      biopsy was carried out alternatively in both testicles, showing, mostly, a growth
      arrest of the spermatogenesis. A blood sample from the left internal spermatic
      vein was taken for the measurement of the testosterone. The Authors discuss the
      results and emphasize an early correction of the varicocele.

PMID- 3837207
TI  - [Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome].
AB  - We refer about two children with Wolf-Hirschhorn's syndrome or syndrome with
      partial deletion of short arm of chromosome number 4. The diagnosis was possible
      with an accurate estimation of phenotype. Cytogenetics examination showed the
      chromosomal aberration typical for this syndrome.

PMID- 3837208
TI  - [Presentation of a case of probably primary intestinal tuberculosis with a
      favorable outcome].
AB  - The authors report a case of intestinal tuberculosis observed in a 4 year old
      child. The more important aspects of the case are its rarity (today the
      intestinal tuberculosis is uncommon), its differential diagnosis because of
      prevalence of hematuria over other symptoms, and the favourable results obtained
      with specific chemotherapy alone.

PMID- 3837209
TI  - [Conservative treatment of esophageal perforation in the newborn infant.
      Description of a case].
AB  - A case of oesophageal perforation in a newborn is reported. Authors describe the
      different clinical pictures due to the various sites of perforation. Authors
      believe that conservative treatment is satisfactory when applied to most
      oesophageal perforations and operative approach should be employed only in
      selected cases and after failure of a trial of non-operative treatment.

PMID- 3837210
TI  - [Long-term subacute sclerosing panencephalitis with sensorial transcortical
      aphasia. Description of a case].
AB  - A 16 year boy with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in stage 4 is described.
      Neuropsychological analysis reveal a transcortical sensorial aphasia. Behavior
      therapies of shaping and fading are proposed.

PMID- 3837211
TI  - [Hemifacial microsomia. Description of a case with associated rare multiple
      visceral anomalies].
AB  - A case of hemifacial microsomia is reported in association with rare cardiac,
      lung and laryngeal abnormalities. Our case presents both atrial and ventricular
      septal defects, hypoplasia of the right lung and of the larynx. This variety of
      malformations is rarely present in other reported cases. The literature of
      hemifacial microsomia is reviewed and differential diagnosis is discussed.

PMID- 3837212
TI  - [Male pseudohermaphroditism].
AB  - After a brief recall of male sexual differentiation, main features of different
      etiopathogenetic forms conditioning male pseudohermaphroditism (MPSH) are
      considered. Procedures for an early and exact identification are illustrated in
      order to formulate an appropriate prognosis. Hormonal treatment and corrective
      surgery are discussed; in case of severe malformations, a gender reassignment may
      be evaluated.

PMID- 3837213
TI  - [Anesthesiologic management of surgery in the 1st month of life. Review of the
      literature and clinical contribution].
AB  - This paper reports observations on 160 patients, aged between 1 and 30 days,
      submitted to general anaesthesia for surgery in the period within 1/1/81 and
      31/12/84, at the Pediatric Surgery Department - Vicenza Regional Hospital. First
      we mentioned the main anatomo-physiological features in newborns, and on the
      grounds of the most recent bibliography and of our own experience, we propose a
      general anaesthesia record, as much as possible univocal, still bearing in mind
      the difficulty of this piece of advice, related to the various neonatal
      malformations, to the very poor conditions, and sometimes to dramatic emergency.
      This record as come out to be as much as possible corresponding to the main
      physiopathological features in newborns and doesn't modify the weak balance in
      these young patients.

PMID- 3837214
TI  - [Current therapeutic trends in the oto-mandibular syndrome].
AB  - The authors describe the characteristics of oto-mandibular syndrome (hemifacial
      microsomia), underlining that the knowledge of the craniofacial growth and the
      analysis of the deformities are necessary for a correct surgical approach. The
      skeletal abnormalities, and in particular the mandibular deformity, are the first
      step of treatment, which is begun more and more often before the age of six to
      minimize the skeletal distortion and to decrease the psychological problems of
      the child. Nevertheless, several surgical procedures are generally required up to
      the age of 12-16 to obtain a good symmetry. The reconstruction of the ear is
      deferred, whenever possible, until the mandibular and zygomatic osseous framework
      have been established to avoid a location in an unfavorable site. The earliest
      age of repair is six years. Early correction of macrostomia is needed in order to
      obtain a functioning and symmetric oral sphincter. The possible deficiency of
      soft tissues does not always require surgery and is the last step of treatment of
      hemifacial microsomia.

PMID- 3837215
TI  - [Sinusitis in children. Personal case study].
AB  - The presence of sinusitis has been found out 85 times out of 278 cases of acute
      relapsing respiratory diseases in children between 4 and 12 years of age. The
      maxilla sinuses have been those most frequently stricken; the frontal sinuses
      come next and last at a distance the sphenoidal sinus. A close relationship
      between the entity of basic respiratory pathology and the presence and
      seriousness of the sinusitis has been observed. There also seems to be a rather
      close relationship between the frequency of the presence of sinusitis in children
      with respiratory pathology either relapsing or chronic and climatic environmental
      situation. A damp climate with persistent fog together with industrial
      atmospheric pollution seems to favour the considered pathology in an undisputed
      way.

PMID- 3837216
TI  - [Longitudinal evaluation, from 1974 to 1983, of the use of antibiotics in a
      pediatric emergency unit].
AB  - A quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the use of antibiotics in the
      Paediatrics Emergency Unit of the Children's Hospital in Trieste covering the
      last ten years has been carried out. The results show an evident and progressive
      trend towards optimal standards in the therapeutic approach, revealing a marked
      reduction in the prescription of antibiotics for diseases of definite or
      presumptive viral origin and the use of first choice antibiotics in almost all of
      the cases. The promotion of the appropriate use of antibiotic treatment
      introduced at the Children's Hospital between 1978 and 1979 is apparent. The need
      for these permanently self-evaluating surveys aimed to assure continuous updating
      and to maintain optimal therapeutic standards is considered.

PMID- 3837217
TI  - [Prognostic factors in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in childhood].
AB  - 38 children with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (age 15 months - 17 years; 27 males and 11
      females) have been treated between 1974 and 1982. They have been divided in two
      different groups: a Good Prognosis group for patients with complete resectable
      disease and a Poor Prognosis group including patients with mediastinal, bone
      marrow or CNS involvement or with diffuse and non completely resectable
      localization. In the Good Prognosis group there were 100% Complete Remission,
      12.5% Local Relapses and 12.5% deaths. 88% of patients are alive at 8 1/2 years
      follow-up. In the Poor Prognosis group there were 83% Complete Remission, 50%
      Relapses (8 in the first year, 2 in the second and 5 in the third and no more in
      the next years) and 60% Deaths; 30% of patients are off-therapy with a survival
      of 40% at 8 1/2 years follow-up. Among the 19 patients with mediastinal
      involvement there were 84.2% Complete Remission, 68.4% Relapses, 63.1% Deaths and
      26.6% off therapy patients. Among the 19 patients with mediastinal involvement
      there were 84.2% Complete Remission, 68.4% Relapses, 63.1% Deaths and 26.6% off
      therapy patients. Survival is 70% for the group without mediastinal involvement
      and 35% for the group with mediastinal involvement. Burkitt-type Lymphoma has a
      survival of 30% in contrast to the 60% survival for all the others histological
      types. In summary we conclude that the distinction between Good Prognosis and
      Poor Prognosis groups, on the basis of a clinical stage involvement and Burkitt
      histology have an important role for prognosis of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in
      children.

PMID- 3837218
TI  - [Influence of 2 different milk formulas on renal tubular function in full- and
      pre-term newborn infants].
AB  - 74 neonates (39 premature and 35 full term) were fed during first week of life on
      two available formulas: one was adapted and the other a powdered sweetened half
      skimmed milk. Urinary osmolarity was higher in neonates fed half skimmed milk.
      The study of blood parameters of renal function showed an higher urea nitrogen
      and a lower base excess in neonate fed half skimmed milk and in particular in
      prematures. Renal tubular function studied by means of volume/minute (V/m') of
      the clearance of free water (CH2O), of the clearance of osmotically active
      substances (COsm), and of the maximum tubular reabsorption of water (TcH2O),
      showed an increased clearance of osmotically active substances in both premature
      and full term neonates fed half skimmed milk and tubular reabsorption of water
      (TCH2O) in prematures. Such parameters of renal tubular function seem to be
      sensible indices for evaluating renal solute load of diet.

PMID- 3837219
TI  - [Fat absorption in the premature newborn infant].
AB  - The etiopathogenesis and the clinical implications of fat malabsorption in
      preterm infants are reviewed. Low pancreatic lipase activity and impaired
      solubilization of lipids due to low intraluminal concentration of bile salts
      appear to be the main factors of the inadequate lipid absorption. The
      compensatory role of intragastric lipolysis could be important. Currently
      available informations suggest that, chylomicron formation and transport of
      lipids are not limiting steps, but the efficiency of these processes in neonates
      needs further investigations. Due to its bile-stimulated lipase activity, non
      heat-treated human milk used at least in part, appears to be the most effective
      method to improve fat absorption in the preterm infant.

PMID- 3837220
TI  - [Schonlein-Henoch syndrome. Clinico-statistical analysis of 60 cases (1978
      1984)].
AB  - Schonlein-Henoch purpura is a systemic, immunocomplex-mediated vasculitis which
      involves skin, joints, gastrointestinal and urinary system. This is a
      retrospective study on 60 S.H.S. admitted in our Division from 1978 to 1984. The
      most affected age range seems to be included between 2 and 7 years, with a
      maximum at 6. The Male/Female ratio is 35/25. Clinically we found skin (100%),
      joint (63%), abdominal (48%), and renal (25%) manifestations. Laboratory data are
      not characteristic: C3 and C4 are always in the normal range. 27% showed an
      elevation of IgA, 81% a rise of sedimentation rate and 45% a rise of Anti-O
      Streptolysin Title. The main problem to face is prevention of glomerulonephritis.
      Salicylates, piridamol and cyproheptadine have been suggested to be effective.
      Prednisone is recommended in all cases with abdominal pain in order to prevent
      surgical complications. In our experience we could not demonstrate any difference
      between treated and not treated cases. It is important anyway to perform a
      correct follow-up of these children to early show a possible relapse or a renal
      complication.

PMID- 3837221
TI  - [Gastro-esophageal reflux in childhood. When to operate?].
AB  - Gastroesophageal reflux has been well described in children as the cause of a
      variety of symptoms from nutritional to respiratory problems. If the
      regurgitation and vomiting are very common symptoms in newborns, their
      persistence after the first months of life will result in pathological entity
      leading to complications as esophagitis, failure to thrive, respiratory problems.
      The purpose of this article is to point out the functional and anatomical
      implications maintaining gastroesophageal reflux in children and the correct
      indications for surgery.

PMID- 3837222
TI  - [Monosomy 9p. Clinical and cytogenetic aspects].
AB  - The Authors describe a new case of monosomy 9 p in a newborn, confirmed by bands
      technique. The parents had a normal karyotypes and this alteration was defined as
      deletion 9 p "de novo" arisen. The main morphological anomalies are described:
      these anomalies reproduce that reported by others and, for many aspects, remember
      Down syndrome. It is very important that the staff of the Neonatological
      Departments has a good knowledge of this syndrome since for the abnormal
      objective features, the diagnosis is possible already from the birth.

PMID- 3837223
TI  - [Symptomatic Kimmerle anomaly. Clinical case].
AB  - After mentioning the most common forms of vertigo in childhood, the Authors quote
      a case come into their observation showing anomalies of the Kimmerle symptomatic.

PMID- 3837224
TI  - [Role of splenectomy in Chediak-Higashi syndrome in its accelerated phase].
AB  - Chediak-Higashi (C.H.S.) syndrome is a rare immunodeficiency, due to defective
      granulocyte activity. The syndrome is characterized by large inclusion bodies in
      the leukocytes, albinism, photophobia, nystagmus, and recurrent infections. Some
      patients develop hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, pancytopenia and widespread
      organ infiltrates with mononucleated cells. This phase is called "accelerated (or
      lymphoma-like syndrome) phase". A 5 years old girl with C.H.S. in accelerated
      phase received initially medical treatment without improvement. A splenectomy was
      performed to remove the hypersplenism and the mechanical compression of the
      spleen on the gut. Few days after the splenectomy the fever and the pancytopenia
      disappeared. The pathological examination of the spleen showed multiple
      intraparenchymal abscesses. Unfortunately, six months after the operation, she
      died after an acute episode of pneumonia, with normal hematological pattern. The
      splenectomy may play a role in the "accelerated phase" of C.H.S., but new
      treatments (bone marrow transplantation) are necessary to remove the basic
      disease.

PMID- 3837226
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of primary obstructive megaureter in the
      child].
AB  - Primary obstructive megaureter (P.O.M.) is a dilatation, different in size, of
      upper urinary tract without reflux and secondary to a functional obstructive
      malformation of terminal segment of ureter. Infection and renal function
      impairment complicate P.O.M. in a rather high percentage of cases. In Authors'
      experience, in about 22% another urinary malformation and in more than 8% an
      extraurinary malformation are associated. Authors' experience in the treatment of
      119 P.O.M. (102 patients) is reported. 14 P.O.M. (9 patients) were not operated
      on. In 104 megaureters (92 patients) an ureteric reimplantation with shortening
      and tailoring without preoperative temporary urinary diversion was carried out.
      In 4 megaureters a V.U.R. and in another 4 an ureteric stenosis taken place as
      postoperative complications. In 96 ureters (92.3%) positive results were obtained
      with normalisation or impressive improvement of upper urinary tract and
      improvement of renal function.

PMID- 3837225
TI  - [Kawasaki syndrome. Case report].
AB  - The authors relate a case of M.L.S. observed in 1980 and which had successful
      outcome. They report the most recent proposals about etiology, pathogenesis and
      therapy, comparing them with the most recent observations concerning this disease
      and which have been studied and are undergoing diagnostic research all over the
      world.

PMID- 3837227
TI  - [The ureterocele in childhood. Type of treatment and results].
AB  - Ureterocele is an infrequent urinary malformation in pediatric age, but it is
      frequently clinically severe. Ureterocele in a duplex pyelo-ureteral system often
      presents very difficult treatment problems not uniformly dealt with. Authors
      report their experience with 79 ureteroceles observed in 72 children. 27 children
      were less than one year old. In the authors experience simple ureterocele with a
      single collecting system doesn't give any surgical problem. On the contrary
      ectopic ureterocele, almost always associated with a pyeloureteral duplication,
      frequently gives some problems of surgical treatment. Treatment is always
      individualized but in our experience the best results have been achieved with
      unroofing of the ureterocele and upper heminephroureterectomy in one stage,
      eventually associated with lower ureteral reimplantation. This treatment can be
      used successfully in the majority of ectopic ureteroceles in pediatric age.

PMID- 3837228
TI  - [Primary vesico-uretero-renal reflux. Results of surgical treatment in over 1,100
      refluxing ureters].
AB  - Primary vesicorenal reflux (P.V.R.R.) is the most important cause in the
      pathogenesis of chronic pyelonephritis, better known in medical literature as
      "reflux nephropathy". The Authors stress out the criteria adopted in their Center
      for surgical treatment of P.V.R.R. and report the results in 1158 refluxing
      ureters (858 children) operated on. In 5 ureters an ureteronephrectomy and in
      1153 remaining ureters and ureteral reimplantation was carried out. About 57% of
      ureters operated on was affected by severe reflux (IV - V grade). The Authors
      obtained 98.6% of surgical successes. In 16 ureters operated on, stricture (9
      ureters) and reflux (7 ureters) were postoperatively present. The percentage of
      successes in infants less than 2 years old at operation was 98%.

PMID- 3837229
TI  - [Hydronephrosis surgically treated in the 1st year of life. Short- and long-term
      radiologic and functional evaluation].
AB  - Hydronephrosis in infancy and childhood is a frequent urinary malformation and is
      almost always congenital. In over 80% of the cases it is due to ureteropelvic
      junction obstruction; much less frequently it is due to anomalous renal vessels,
      sometimes associated to ureteropelvic junction obstruction. In this paper the
      Authors analyze their experience in the surgical treatment of this urinary
      malformation. 234 hydronephrosis out of 222 patients were operated on from
      January 1972 to June 1985. 61 hydronephrosis were operated on in 55 infants under
      1 year. Primary nephrectomy was carried out only in 9 of the 234 hydronephrosis
      operated on (3.9%) and in 3 of the 61 hydronephrosis operated on in infants less
      than 1 year old (4.9%). All the 55 infants but one showed a significant
      radiological improvement after pyeloplasty. 28 infants but one showed a
      significant radiological improvement after pyeloplasty. 28 infants for a total of
      30 hydronephrosis had a glomerular filtration rate determination during
      sequential scan for individual kidney function assessment. 90% of the kidneys
      operated on showed a normal or slightly reduced glomerular filtration rate.
      Recent advances in prenatal echographic diagnosis and relationship between
      obstructive uropathy, renal development and pulmonary hypoplasia are discussed.
      The Authors stress out the importance of early diagnosis to improve surgical
      results.

PMID- 3837230
TI  - [Long=term evaluation of renal damage in primary vesico-renal reflux after
      corrective surgery].
AB  - Traditionally 3 mechanisms are responsible for the development of renal damage
      when primary vesico-renal reflux is present: reflux is a manifestation of
      abnormal embryological development of the ureteral bud, with subsequent
      dysplasia; sterile reflux damages the kidney, perhaps trough a mechanical or/and
      an immunological mechanism; renal damage occurs as a result of the reflux of
      infected urine into susceptible renal papilla (intrarenal reflux). Whatever the
      mechanism, it is apparent that reflux and renal damage are intimately related. It
      does appear that for the most part damage is done at an early age. Operative
      repair of vesico-renal reflux has been advocated as a reliable method to stop
      reflux, with attendant cessation of renal damage and improvement in renal
      function. However some recent prospective study found that the rate of continued
      renal scarring is independent of medical or surgical therapy. The aim of the
      present paper is to study the functional and radiological long-term results after
      successful antireflux surgery (mean follow-up 6 years 4/12). 90 patients for a
      total of 140 refluxing ureters were studied for assessment of urinary infection,
      blood pressure and renal function. 40 patients for a total of 62 refluxing
      ureters were evaluated for determination of renal parameters evolution. At follow
      up from 3 to 14 years (mean 6 4/12 years), less than 10% of the patients showed
      pathological bacteriuria generally without episodes of acute pyelonephritis.
      Hypertension was present in 4 (4.4%) out of 90 patients, aged from 14 to 18
      years. There was a significant improvement in renal function after operation,
      especially in infants operated on in the first two years of life. The
      postoperative radiological study showed a growing of affected kidneys in about
      89%. In almost 47%, the affected kidneys showed an increased growth. Only about
      the 5% of the kidneys showed a decreased development with a final evolution
      toward a small pyelonephritic kidney. The best results were obtained in patients
      operated on very early in the life. Our greatest challenge is to prevent the
      early destruction of nephrons. This means an early diagnosis of urinary tract
      infection and detection of vesico-renal reflux with an early treatment. The
      administration of prophylactic antibiotics and, when indicated, an early surgical
      treatment can minimize, in our opinion, the magnitude of renal damage for the
      most part of patients.

PMID- 3837231
TI  - [Posterior urethral valves. Type of treatment and short- and long-term evaluation
      of renal function].
AB  - In this paper the authors have analyzed the management and the outcome of 81
      cases of posterior urethral valves which occurred during the period January 1972 
      April 1985. 53 children presented very severe urethral valves (grade 4 according
      to Hendren), 28 mild valve type. All the children of the first group but two had
      a dilatation of the U.U.T. Vesico-renal reflux, usually severe, was present in 51
      ureters; in another 50 ureters a dilatation without reflux was present. 47% of
      the children of the first group had a renal function within the limits of
      normality at the moment of presentation and the remaining 53% a reduced renal
      function. In 9 patients (8 under 50 days of age) a cutaneous vesicostomy
      according to Blocksom followed, at the age of 10-18 months, by transurethral
      valve destruction was done. In 6 infants, in the early part of the series, the
      valve was removed with a hook via the perineal approach. In 38 patients we
      performed a transurethral valve destruction with the n. 3 Bugbee electrode. 36
      out of 53 children (68%) had exclusively a removal of the valvular obstruction.
      After the removal of the obstruction, 32 out of 37 non refluxing dilated ureters
      (86.5%) showed a clear improvement. In 7 out of 29 refluxing ureters a
      nephrectomy was carried out. In the remaining 22 ureters the reflux vanished in
      17 and improved in the other 5. 17 children had other types of operations after
      valvular removal. 23 ureters in 13 patients were reimplanted, with 3 failures
      (13%). In the 53 children with very severe valve (grade 4) supravesical
      diversions were not carried out. In the follow-up of 51 children (from 6 month to
      about 14 years) the renal function was within the limits of normality in 74%
      (before the operation it was 47%). The best results were obtained in children
      diagnosed and treated in the first months of life. Cutaneous vesicostomy showed
      itself to be a very useful method of treatment in very young babies with severe
      complications. We observed a slight terminal urethral stricture, easily
      dilatable, in only 1 child. All the children over the age of 12-13 years were
      continent. In 28 children with mild valves, as well as transurethral valve
      destruction, an ureteric reimplantation was carried out with success in 5
      children (8 ureters) and a vesical diverticulectomy in another 2.

PMID- 3837232
TI  - [Urodynamic study of the lower urinary tract in children today].
AB  - The urodynamic study of the lower urinary tract is the only investigation that
      permits an evaluation of the vesico-sphincter function. On the ground of the
      personal experience of 3262 urodynamic study on 1221 children, the authors are
      reviewed the methods, indications, limits and pitfalls of urodynamics and
      synchronous video-flow-cystourethrography. Indications in the personal experience
      are: neuropathic bladder; non neuropathic vesico-urethral dysfunction; urinary
      incontinence; intravesical obstruction; recurrent cystitis; vesico-uretero-renal
      reflux and obstructive megaureter; nocturnal enuresis. Informations given by
      urodynamics in these pathologic conditions are very important for the diagnosis,
      prognosis and therapy. The urodynamic study is a very reliable and useful method,
      also in pediatric age, if correctly performed by expert investigators.

PMID- 3837233
TI  - [Proposed functional classification of urination disorders of a neurologic nature
      in children].
AB  - It is absolutely necessary for all individuals engaged in the care of pediatric
      patients with neurogenic voiding dysfunction to have a useful means of
      categorizing the patient's problems. Actually the most accepted classifications
      are the "urodynamic" proposed by Krane and Siroky and the "functional" proposed
      by Wein. These Authors present two different approaches to accomplishing the same
      purpose: namely, directing the appropriate therapy for the patient's problems. In
      the authors opinion, from a diagnostic and therapeutic standpoints, a working
      understanding of both of these classifications seems advisable. In this paper the
      authors present a functional-urodynamic classification of neurologic voiding
      dysfunctions in pediatric age, clinically and therapeutically useful.

PMID- 3837234
TI  - [Neuropathic bladder in childhood. Treatment of the complications and
      prevention].
AB  - We treated 91 children with neuropathic bladder and 141 refluxing ureters in an
      attempt to eliminate or ameliorate reflux and preserve renal function. The reflux
      was 1 and 2 degree in 48 ureters and 3 and 4 degree in 93 according to the
      classification of Dwoskin and Perlmutter. In the lower degree refluxes we
      preferred a conservative treatment with intermittent vesical catheterization,
      appropriate drug use and, much less frequently, transurethral external
      sphincterotomy. The reflux disappeared in 11 ureters in intermittent vesical
      catheterization and improved in an additional 17 ureters; in these cases the
      presence of bacteriuria without clinical significance and renal deterioration was
      rather common. In the severe refluxes, often associated with recurrent serious
      episodes of infection and renal damage, we preferred surgical treatment. All
      together, we performed 49 ureteral reimplantation, 15 transuretero-ureterostomy,
      9 cutaneous vesicostomy (18 ureters), 1 bladder augmentation plus sphincterotomy
      (2 ureters) and 4 urinary diversions (7 ureters). Our primary differentiated
      approach resulted in cure in 83 ureters (58.9%) and in improvement of the reflux
      without renal deterioration in an additional 43 ureters (30.5%); failures were
      present in 15 ureters (10.5%). In our opinion the approach to management of upper
      urinary tract dilatation without reflux should be more conservative (78 dilated
      ureters in 46 patients). In these cases it is very important to lower, with
      conservative measures, the vesical pressure. When this treatment is unsuccessful,
      a cutaneous vesicostomy or bladder augmentation or a transureteroureterostomy in
      unilateral cases should be considered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3837235
TI  - [Urinary incontinence in the neuropathic bladder in children. Treatment using an
      artificial urinary sphincter].
AB  - The neurogenic urinary incontinence can be successfully managed by implantation
      of an artificial urinary sphincter. The most important requirement for
      implantation is the recognition that the patient has failed to respond to well
      accepted conservative measures or is an unsuitable candidate for such
      conservative measures. It is necessary to rule out the presence of detrusor
      hyperreflexia or to show that, if it exists, hyperreflexia can be easily
      pharmacologically controlled. At the same time the bladder's capability for
      storage of urine must be "adequate" and the vesical compliance normal or only
      slightly reduced. The bladder emptying should be unobstructed, without residual
      urine. The patient must be psychologically motivated and able to utilize the
      artificial sphincter intelligently. The upper urinary tract should be either
      normal or stable, preferable with no evidence of vesicorenal reflux. Finally,
      according to the authors, the patient should be more than 11 years old. In the
      author's opinion these are the ideal candidates for sphincter implantation. The
      authors operated on 25 patients with neurogenic urinary incontinence, aged from
      13 to 19; 23 were males and 2 females. All the male patient had preoperative
      transurethral external sphincterotomy. In the first 2 cases we applied model AS
      792; both these sphincters were substituted with the last model AS 800. In the
      other 23 cases model AS 800 was used. The cuff was always placed at the bladder
      neck and only in 1 case, with a previous operation on the neck, at the urethral
      bulb. Obviously in this late case, the lower pressure balloon was chosen. In all
      cases primary deactivation was performed; the sphincter was activated after about
      3 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3837236
TI  - [Antibiotic therapy in bronchopulmonary diseases in children].
AB  - With a wide-spectrum antibiotic the results obtained are not as satisfactory as
      those obtained with an aimed antibiotic therapy. It is for this reason that a
      physician must always keep up to date on all the antibiotics and their field of
      action. Apart the antituberculosis drugs we can currently count on three large
      families, the penicillins, the cephalosporins, the aminoglycosides, and on a
      polymorph group made up of erythromycin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin and
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ). Of all the lung diseases, pneumoniae is
      without doubt the disease in which the choice of the antibiotic is most difficult
      and also most determinant. Using a scheme made up of three successive stages
      could be useful. In the first stage we exploit our knowledge of the prevalence of
      certain infectious agents in single age group. In the first two months of life
      gram negative rods, B and D Streptococci and Pneumococcus are the most probable
      agents, therefore an association of ampicillin and aminoglycoside is recommended.
      In the pre-school age we find a predominance of Haemophilus influenzae and
      Pneumococcus and therefore the antibiotic of choice is amoxicillin. In the school
      age there remains only the Pneumococcus so that the first choice antibiotic is
      now penicillin. All of this is true for those clinical situations that do not
      present peculiar characteristics. When this is not the case, we pass on to the
      second stage which consists of suspecting, on the basis of clinical and
      instrumental data, of a certain etiologic agent and in choosing an appropriate
      antibiotic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3837237
TI  - [Biofeedback technic in incontinence in high ano-rectal atresia].
AB  - Authors have employed biofeedback in functional rehabilitation of fecal
      incontinence after surgical treatment of high anorectal atresia. 34 patients have
      treated with that technique, of whom 27 underwent an levator plasty and 7 a
      muscular transplant procedure using a gracilis sling. A four channels Recording
      connected with a Arhan catheter and a TV-monitor visible to the patient have been
      employed. After a period of time variable from case to case, all patients of the
      "levator plasty" group prolonged the "alert-time" to a socially acceptable value,
      and all the patients of the "gracilis transplant" group obtained a complete fecal
      continence.

PMID- 3837238
TI  - [Advantages of a permanent venous access in children treated for cancer.
      Preliminary results].
AB  - Current therapy for children with cancer includes a variety of invasive
      procedures many of which require repeated venous access over a considerable
      period of time. Such procedures are poorly tolerated by children and by their
      veins. Recently it has become possible to undertake the majority of such
      procedures by means of permanent indwelling silastic catheters improving the
      quality of life of the children and their parents and increasing the scope of
      therapeutic intervention. In the period July '83 - August '84 we have used 46 of
      these catheters in 45 children with malignant disease, 12 with acute myeloid
      leukaemia, 12 with neuroblastoma, 7 with B cell leukaemia-lymphoma, 6 with
      rhabdomyosarcomas, 2 with Ewing's Sarcoma, 2 with Wilms' tumor and 1 case each of
      Hodgkin's disease, teratocarcinoma, osteosarcoma and juvenile chronic myeloid
      leukaemia. The children's ages ranged from 2 months to 14 years; 22 were male and
      23 female. The catheters were inserted under general anaesthesia (duration 20-40
      minutes) usually without difficulty, except for a single patient in whom no
      suitable vein could be found. No complications connected with the placement of
      the catheter were observed. Subsequent management of the catheter was initially
      complicated and time-consuming, but was subsequently simplified so that
      acceptance by parents, children and nursing staff was eventually excellent. The
      duration of use of 46 catheters ranges from 7 to 350+ days; 24 catheters are
      presently in use at 30-350+ days from insertion. Eight children died as a result
      of disease progression and two of sepsis with the catheter in place.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3837239
TI  - [Variability of arterial blood pressure readings in children following repeated
      measurements].
AB  - The procedures for measuring the blood pressure cause emotional reactions, which
      in turn influence, in a manner which is not to be disregarded, the blood pressure
      values. In order to evaluate the degree and type of such influence the blood
      pressure was determined for 3 consecutive days by the same doctor using the same
      technique in 242 children (150 boys and 92 girls) of a primary school in Bari.
      The systolic and diastolic values obtained allowed us to categorize the children
      in to 3 groups in accordance with their individual reactions on occasion of the
      second and third determination: a) children whose blood pressure went down; b)
      children whose blood pressure went up; c) children whose blood pressure remained
      unchanged. The differences of the values obtained between the first and third
      determination were the most evident; in particular, the PAs had an average
      reduction of 11.3 mmHg in 68.6% of the subjects, an average increase of 7.7 mmHg
      in 14.9%, whereas in the remaining 16.5% was unchanged. The PAd had un average
      reduction of 9.5 mmHg in 51%, an average increase of 7.6 mmHg in 19% and the
      remaining 30% was unchanged. The heart rate shows a statistically significant
      reduction of about 4 beats/min. between the first and subsequent determinations,
      and it is connected with the blood pressure. No correlation was found with the
      PAd. The variable reactions as a consequence of the repeated determinations could
      cause an error not to be disregarded, in view of the results obtained from the
      programs concerning the screening of the PA and of the identification of normal
      values age related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3837240
TI  - [Bronchiolitis. Our clinical experience in the 4 years from 1981 to 1984].
AB  - The clinical experience of 661 children with bronchiolitis is reported in four
      years period to gain a better understanding of diagnosis and pathogenesis of
      bronchiolitis. Upper airways infections, expiratory dyspnea, clear sound by chest
      percussion, vesicular rales and whistling by chest auscultation, air trapping on
      the chest radiography were considered as essential data of diagnosis. It was
      found in 595 patients: expiratory dyspnea, air trapping, vesicular r. and
      whistling in 85% and whistling only in 15%; hypoxemia in 20% combined with
      hypercapnic acidosis in 10%; normoxemia in 80% combined with hypocapnia in 54%;
      hyperlactemia in 64% combined with an increment in the serum of CPK in 50% and of
      GPT in 30%; virus were cultured in 27%, adenovirus and RSV were identified in
      90%. Instead it was found in 66 patients: air trapping but no difficult breath,
      with normal chest auscultation; crisis of cyanosis or paleness-cyanosis chilly
      sweat in 80% were motive of admission. The clinical and/or radiological features
      of "air trapping" were considered as essential symptoms and signs of
      bronchiolitis. The insufficient systemic perfusion was considered as a frequent
      occurrence and as cause for sudden respiratory and circulatory emergency.

PMID- 3837241
TI  - [Aspects and behavior of x-ray computed tomographic studies in subacute
      sclerosing panencephalitis].
AB  - The authors reports cerebral Computerized Axial Tomography findings examined, in
      association with other diagnostic tests, in 5 cases of Subacute Sclerosing
      Panencephalitis in the acute phase and repeated in 2 of these patients later,
      during the state and terminal phases of the disease. Hypodensity of the white
      matter was the main sign of initial cerebral parenchymal involvement and an
      atrophic aspect was most indicative of the terminal phase. Moreover, it has been
      shown that associated with clinical symptomatology, immunologic data and EEG
      signs, cerebral Computerized Axial Tomography may offer the possibility for
      evaluating the nature and the evolutive stage of the disease and facilitate
      differential diagnosis from other degenerative encephalopathies.

PMID- 3837242
TI  - [Immunostimulating therapy in chronic non-specific diarrhea].
AB  - The authors describe 9 children affect by chronic aspecific diarrhea treated with
      levamisole; the drug was effective in reducing diarrhea episodes during the
      period of administration in respect to the untreated group. Follow-up of 3-5
      months did not show auxological or nutritional differences in the two groups.

PMID- 3837243
TI  - [Endoscopic study in the diagnosis of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the colon
      in childhood].
AB  - Colonic lymphoid hyperplasia has been diagnosed in 10 children, aged from 11
      months to 12 years, with heterogeneous clinical symptoms such as rectal bleeding,
      abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea and constipation. The Authors underline the
      value of endoscopy in the diagnosis of colonic lymphoid hyperplasia which also
      permitted to exclude other colonic diseases often misdiagnosed by double contrast
      barium enema (familial polyposis, lymphoid polyps, Crohn's disease, Ulcerative
      colitis). In This study the Authors discuss the probable etiopathogenetic
      mechanisms and the prognosis of colonic lymphoid hyperplasia: it should be
      considered as a benign conditions reflecting a non-specific response to different
      stimuli.

PMID- 3837244
TI  - [Effectiveness of piperacillin in childhood infections].
AB  - Piperacillin is a semisynthetic penicillin with a broad-spectrum: in particular
      it is active against Gram positive, Gram negative, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
      often resistant to other antibiotics of the same group. We report a trial carried
      out on 38 children with severe and moderate infections treated with piperacillin.
      We have considered ESR, all leucocytes count and body temperature. No severe side
      effects have been reported. Piperacillin must be used as a first choice in
      pediatric age, mostly in case of mixed bacterial infections and in
      immunocompromised patients.

PMID- 3837245
TI  - [Clinical study on the efficacy of a sustained-release theophylline-based
      preparation in infants with chronic asthma].
AB  - Authors describe 9 infants aged between 3 and 17 months, affected by recurrent
      episodes of bronchial asthma (at least one crises even month for three following
      months) and treated with sustained-release theophylline. During the 6 months of
      follow-up a total of 8 episodes of bronchial asthma in 7 subjects were observed.
      Seven out of 8 of these episodes occurred during the period of suspension of the
      therapy with the sustained-release theophylline. In each subjects, after 6 hours
      from the drug administration on average of 4-8 determinations of the theophylline
      blood levels were performed. More than 70 percent of the theophylline blood
      values has been found within the normal therapeutic range (6-20 micrograms/ml).

PMID- 3837246
TI  - [2 cases of Potter's syndrome].
AB  - In this report, we describe two patients with Potter's syndrome classical signs
      and take the opportunity to discuss about the etiopathogenetic hypothesis
      concerning various phenotypical expressions of that syndrome.

PMID- 3837247
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the complications of arteriovenous fistulas in childhood.
      On 2 unusual cases].
AB  - The AA describe two particular complications of arteriovenous fistula for chronic
      hemodialysis in pediatric age: a king king and a stenosis. In these cases are
      necessary angiographic studies of the vessels and then, if it is possible, the AA
      prefer a surgical repair of the same arteriovenous fistula. The other
      alternatives in these cases are an extensive patch, a new angioaccess or a
      percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

PMID- 3837248
TI  - [Sympathomimetic drugs in the newborn infant].
AB  - In newborn infants with compromised clinical conditions, it is frequently
      necessary to improve the perfusion of the vital organs, and the choice often
      falls on sympathomimetic drugs. However their appropriate use is still discussed
      and the difference of the opinions about their choice is partially due to
      scarcity of controlled clinical studies. The purpose of this study is to supply,
      on the basis of the present knowledges, the opportunity of a rational choice and
      use of the sympathomimetic drugs in the neonate. The Authors consider the
      development of the cardiovascular sympathetic innervation and the different
      responsiveness to sympathomimetic drugs of the human foetus, compared to those of
      the animal foetuses. Then they discuss the pharmacological characteristics of
      some of the most important sympathomimetic drugs: adrenaline, isoproterenol,
      dopamine, dobutamine, indicating choice, and clinical use of them.

PMID- 3837249
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of oral theophylline. Comparison between asthmatic and cystic
      fibrosis patients].
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of oral theophylline at steady-state were comparatively
      investigated in 13 asthmatic patients and in 10 patients with cystic fibrosis
      (CF). In all patients, the drug was administered twice daily as slow-release
      tablets. The total daily dose of theophylline ranged from 10.8 to 29.4 mg/kg/day.
      For each patient, the time-course of theophylline steady-state plasma levels was
      studied after the morning dose. Six serial plasma samples were drawn at 0, 2, 4,
      6, 8, and 12 h after dosing. Model-independent methods were used for calculating
      the pharmacokinetics parameters (area under the curve and clearance). The
      clearance values (mean +/- SD) calculated in the two patient groups were
      significantly different (asthmatic patients: clearance = 61.2 +/- 15.6 ml/h/kg;
      CF patients: clearance = 86.3 +/- 22.8 ml/h/kg; P = 0.007). It has previously
      been shown that the clearance of theophylline after single dose is increased in
      CF patients. Our study confirms this finding under steady-state conditions and
      demonstrates that higher theophylline doses are on the average required to treat
      patients with FC.

PMID- 3837250
TI  - [Cardiac arrhythmias and mitral valve prolapse in childhood. Therapeutic
      considerations].
AB  - Our report concerns 18 cases of mitral valve prolapse, all documented by M-mode
      and D2-mode echocardiographic study. Of these patients three presented severe
      cardiac arrhythmias and therefore therapeutic treatment was necessary. One of
      them presented repeated episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and
      premature supraventricular and ventricular contractions. In another the
      arrhythmia consisted of numerous ventricular premature contractions. The third
      presented a sinus tachycardia which necessitated pharmacological treatment. In
      this study we have examined several forms of arrhythmias associated with mitral
      valve prolapse and discussed the antiarrhythmic therapy with quinidine,
      verapamil, amiodarone and propranolol. Since most people with mitral valve
      prolapse are young, arrhythmia suppression therapy might subject them to a course
      of treatment for possibly several decades. Therefore, the physician must weigh
      the risk of antiarrhythmic therapy against the risk of morbidity without therapy
      in each individual patient.

PMID- 3837251
TI  - [New methods for audiometric evaluation in childhood].
AB  - Impaired speech learning, mental retardation and alterations of affectivity and
      behaviour may be the consequences of profound neonatal deafness. The authors
      emphasize the importance of detecting the newborns at audiological risk and
      screening the neonates in order to get an early diagnosis and treatment of the
      affection, at least within the first year of life, to avoid or reduce the
      consequences of hearing loss; then they describe the procedure commonly in use at
      present for neonatal hearing screening and a number of available different
      diagnostic tools (electrodermal audiometry, heart rate audiometry--with the
      possibility of autoregressive analysis--respiration audiometry, autoregressive
      analysis of EEG, acoustic impedance measurements with study of the acoustic
      reflex, auditory response cradle which is also named CRIB-O-GRAM).

PMID- 3837252
TI  - [Thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus and inappropriate ADH secretion
      syndrome].
AB  - The septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus is a rare and serious disease which
      still occurs occasionally. The physician should be aware of this fact when
      treating infections of the nasal orbital areas. A case is presented in whom the
      septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus is associated with the syndrome of
      inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.

PMID- 3837253
TI  - [Spondylocostal dysostosis].
AB  - A case with spondylocostal dysostosis is reported. The Authors emphasize the
      different prognosis of the autosomal recessive form in comparison with the
      autosomal dominant one. The association between pericentric inversion of
      chromosome 9 and this dysplasia is discussed.

PMID- 3837254
TI  - [Nifedipine in hypertensive emergencies in children].
AB  - Nifedipine is a calcium-antagonist whose principal action is reduction of
      peripheral resistance. The utilization of nifedipine is still limited in infancy.
      We have studied the immediate effect on hypertensive blood pressure values of
      nifedipine administered sublingually in 10 children (3 males and 7 females; aged
      6-14 years) with different clinical diagnoses: acute glomerulonephritis (6
      cases), lupus erythematosus systemicus (2 cases), membrane proliferative
      glomerulonephritis (1 case), pyelonephritis secondary to vesico-ureteral reflux
      (1 case). Nifedipine (0.25-0.50 mg/Kg) lowered systolic and diastolic blood
      pressure values from 167.5 +/- 19.8 mmHg and 103.5 +/- 18.4 mmHg to 126 +/- 19.8
      mmHg and 81.5 +/- 15.1 mmHg, respectively, 30 minutes after administration (p
      less than 0.001). We propose nifedipine as a simple, effective and safe
      alternative drug for managing hypertensive emergencies in childhood.

PMID- 3837255
TI  - [Ototoxicity following the administration of high doses of cisplatin in children
      with malignant neoplasms].
AB  - CDDP is an antitumor agent which has shown effectiveness in a variety of
      pediatric and adult solid tumors. Main toxic effects of CDDP involve kidney, bone
      marrow and ear functions. Recently, CDDP has been used at "high doses" (200 mg/sq
      m, compared with 90-100 mg/sq m used previously) on the basis of its dose
      dependent antitumor activity. Ear toxicity might be higher with the "high doses"
      schedule, and this could be of much importance for younger patients, due the
      irreversibility of the lesion induced by the drug on the ear structure. In this
      study, the Authors have prospectively evaluated the ear function in children
      undergoing treatment with "high doses" CDDP and have compared it with that
      determined by the drug administered at "traditional" doses. Between september
      1984 and march 1985, ten children aged 3-10 years, affected by tumors either
      resistant to first line therapy or at relapse, were treated with CDDP, 200 mg/sq
      m divided in five daily doses (days 2-6) (Vincristine, 2 mg/sq m and
      Cyclophosphamide, 600 mg/sq m, were given on day 1). Six out of ten children had
      been previously treated with CDDP at "traditional" doses. Acoustic function has
      been evaluated with tonal audiometry performed before therapy, 2 and 15 days
      after each cycle of therapy. A deficit was scored mild for levels between 15 and
      30 dB, medium for levels between 30 and 60 dB, severe for levels greater than 60
      dB. The Audiometry performed in six children who had previously been treated with
      CDDP at "traditional doses" demonstrated a deficit limited at 8000 Hz in five of
      them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3837256
TI  - [Chronic gastritis in childhood. A possible cause of recurrent abdominal pain].
AB  - The peptic disease is not the commonest cause of recurrent abdominal pain, among
      the organic aetiology. Only recently the gastric disease as cause of abdominal
      pain has been described in pediatric age. We have studied 11 children aged 6 to
      12 years, who were examined for recurrent abdominal pain. We found that this
      symptom was due to chronic gastritis. We have valued these patients on the basis
      of the clinical manifestations, endoscopic and biopsy findings. A family history
      of peptic disease was found to be highly significant. We can therefore consider
      the gastritis as a possible organic aetiology of recurrent abdominal pain after
      ruling out any other organic causes.

PMID- 3837257
TI  - [Juvenile intestinal polyposis. Importance of the endoscopic diagnostic
      contribution].
AB  - We describe three cases of juvenile intestinal polyposis in children aged 9-13
      years. Ulcerative colitis in two of them and Crohn's disease in one of them were
      initially diagnosed. These subjects came to us for symptom persistence in spite
      of medical (sulfasalazine and or corticosteroids) and dietetic therapy. Further
      an appropriate investigations were therefore necessary; endoscopy and
      histological study of the specimen drawn by fibroscopy were decisive for the
      diagnosis. The accuracy of the endoscopy is of valuable help in uncertain
      situations as in those described.

PMID- 3837258
TI  - [Caudal anesthesia for hypospadias operations in children].
AB  - Bupivacaine induced caudal block as unique anaesthetic procedure in 80 children
      who underwent surgical correction of hypospadias, resulted of great efficacy and
      easy employment. Furthermore, the method permitted to avoid intubation and the
      use of general anaesthetic drugs with their relative complications and provided a
      great postoperative analgesia.

PMID- 3837259
TI  - [Ketotifen in the treatment of pediatric atopic eczema].
AB  - Clinical effectiveness of ketotifen was evaluated in 15 children, aged 1-3 years,
      affected by atopic eczema likely due to food allergy. The study, lasting 15
      weeks, was divided, according to the protocol, as follow: week run-in period with
      a restrictive diet; 8 week ketotifen therapy (the first 2 weeks with restrictive
      diet and the following 6 with free diet); 4 week follow-up phase with free diet.
      The adherence to treatment was complete in 11 patients; in 6 children
      symptomatology disappeared, 4 patients had fair improvement. The drug lasted only
      partially for a maximum 2 week period following the withdrawal. Side-effects
      (vomiting, enuresis, night restlessness) were moderate, short lasting and did not
      require the interruption of the protocol. Moreover, a mean 1 kg body weight
      increase was noticed.

PMID- 3837260
TI  - Macroscopic hematuria associated with neonatal adrenal hemorrhage.
AB  - We report an unusual case of right adrenal hemorrhage in which none of the
      clinical or familiar factors commonly associated with this situation were
      present. Diagnosis was made after sudden macroscopic hematuria, and was based on
      clinical and radiologic findings alone. The normal course of adrenal hemorrhage
      is also discussed.

PMID- 3837261
TI  - [Neurogenic hypernatremia with adipsia and cerebral malformations in a child with
      ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip-palate syndrome].
AB  - An infant with E.E.C. Syndrome (a genetic condition characterized by:
      Ectrodactyly, Ectodermal dysplasia, Cleft Lip-Palate) and delayed psychomotor
      development was found to have chronic hypernatremia and absence of thirst.
      Computerized brain tomography revealed abnormal lateral ventricles, agenesis of
      corpus callosum, calcified cortex. His plasma Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH) levels
      were inappropriately low relative to his high values of plasma osmolality,
      whereas ADH responsiveness to nonosmotic stimuli was normal. E.E.C. Syndrome in
      this baby is characterized by: ectrodactyly of the feet, syndactyly of the 3rd
      and 4th finger of the hands, bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate, bilateral
      microtia, lacrimal ductular stenosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report
      of a case of chronic hypernatremia in conjunction with normal ADH stores,
      congenital abnormalities of brain structures, and E.E.C. syndrome.

PMID- 3837262
TI  - [A rare cervico-facial teratoma in a newborn female infant].
AB  - The Authors report a case of a rare and very voluminous teratoma with uncommon
      location (the right cervico-facial region) and extracranial seat in a female
      newborn. The teratoma was excised in the 18th day of life. It showed cystic and
      solid lesions. The tissues were derived from the three germ layers and were
      prevalently mature; only a bit of them was represented by embryonic mesenchymal
      tissue. The baby, followed and checked up during all the first year of her life,
      showed a normal evolution and absence of recurrences.

PMID- 3837263
TI  - [The psychiatric patient's role--a method of measurement].

PMID- 3837264
TI  - [Socioeconomic status of patients of the Mental Health Clinic in Ciechanow
      receiving active care in 1981].

PMID- 3837265
TI  - [Problems of neurotic disorders in children aged 7-12 years hospitalized at the
      Institute of Mental Hygiene, Military Medical Academy, 1967-1981].

PMID- 3837266
TI  - [Viral encephalitis as an etioepigenetic complication. Diagnostic difficulties].

PMID- 3837267
TI  - Strike and stress in a maximum security hospital.

PMID- 3837268
TI  - Sex between psychiatric inpatients.
AB  - This report reviews the literature on the subject of sexual activity between
      psychiatric inpatients. The author discusses the psychological reasons why
      patients engage in sexual activity as well as the possible psychological effects.
      In addition, the author discusses medical considerations including concerns about
      injury, pregnancy, and venereal disease and legal implications including issues
      related to wrongful life, wrongful birth and deteriorating mental condition
      resulting from sexual activity. The report also discusses ethical issues, staff
      attitudes and various options for management of sexual activity between patients.

PMID- 3837269
TI  - Milieu concepts for short term hospital treatment of borderline patients.
AB  - In contrast to the extensive literature on the outpatient treatment of the
      borderline patient, there exists only a handful of articles which address the
      complexities of hospital treatment. This paper will focus on aspects of the
      milieu for short term (less than three months) length of stay hospital treatment.

PMID- 3837270
TI  - Psychic distress and the psychotherapy of convicts: an essay in applied
      psychoanalysis.

PMID- 3837271
TI  - The long-term outcome of unresolved grief: an example.

PMID- 3837272
TI  - Constructing an efficient inpatient incident reporting system.
AB  - The NYS Office of Mental Health invests significant staff resources in
      documenting, investigating, and reviewing minor incidents. This process generates
      an enormous amount of paperwork. A study by the NYS Commission on Quality of Care
      revealed that this investment, in fact, compromised the intended positive
      outcomes. A major flaw they cited was the requirement for identical reporting
      procedures for both major and minor incidents. A logging system for reporting
      minor incidents was developed and pilot tested in three OMH psychiatric
      hospitals. The study revealed that utilization of a log system for the reporting
      of minor incidents greatly reduced paperwork and staff time, and that these
      reductions were accomplished without detriment to the quality of care. In fact,
      the quality of patient care may have improved. More incidents were being
      reported, a stable record was available on wards for clinical review, staff were
      enthusiastic about the log system, perhaps improving their morale, and direct
      care staff had more time available to spend with patients. This type of logging
      system for the reporting of minor incidents would appear applicable to
      practically all inpatient psychiatric settings, and, if employed as intended,
      could be expected to contribute to an improved quality of patient care.

PMID- 3837273
TI  - Pedophilia: an update on theory and practice.
AB  - The number of sexual attacks on children is staggering, yet it is extremely
      difficult to understand what effective treatments are available for the pedophile
      by reviewing the literature. Therefore, the authors present an update of the
      changing conceptualizations regarding the offenders and their victims. An
      overview of the currently used modalities to treat the pedophile is presented
      with emphasis on the promising cognitive-behavioral approach. A brief description
      of this approach is given with two case illustrations.

PMID- 3837274
TI  - Latent thematic concordancy in psychotherapy sessions.
AB  - In a single case study of a psychoanalytically oriented treatment, the
      associative distance between patient and therapist concerning the subject of the
      session was rated. This distance was operationalized by the so-called 'latent
      thematic concordancy' (LCON) and measured after each session. With the aid of a
      modified form of the 'therapy session check sheet' (TSCS) of Graff and Luborsky,
      a constellation of low manifest and low positive transference together with high
      resistance was isolated which was linked with low LCON with a high prediction
      rate. This transference constellation resembles the resistance against
      transference as described by Gill. It seems to be related to a great distance
      between the associations of patient and therapist concerning the subject of
      therapy sessions.

PMID- 3837275
TI  - False patients/real patients: a spectrum of disease presentation.
AB  - This paper presents a synthesis of varying frameworks and value systems in which
      all patients are viewed by clinicians. A gradient of behaviors is arrayed which
      places disease simulation (Munchausen syndrome, malingering) at one end of a
      spectrum, with the other end anchored by 'real' disease. Between these two
      polarized opposites are placed the patients with 'psychological' origins to
      somatic presentations. These patients often called 'crocks' are somewhat
      different from those patients who present with disease simulation. Such patients
      are often referred to as 'crooks' in that they are absolutely false in their
      presentation and aware of such deception. The advantage of this particular schema
      is that it presents a gradient of behavior instead of isolated categorization. As
      such it is much more easily understood and used by clinicians and it presents the
      'normal' and 'abnormal' within a single conceptual gradient instead of discreet
      categories.

PMID- 3837276
TI  - Risk factors in childhood epilepsy.
AB  - Seizure frequency, seizure type and the associated presence of learning
      disabilities contribute to the heightened psychiatric risk noted in childhood
      epilepsy. Each of these factors demands some modification in the treatment
      program. Psychoeducational components of traditional psychodynamic therapy are
      highlighted; stress reduction programs need to be implemented and ongoing grief
      work for child and family managed. Specific educational plans for the treatment
      of learning disabilities should be formulated in order to decrease their impact
      on the child's self-esteem. Where learning disabilities and attentional disorders
      coexist, both stimulant medication and behavior modification techniques are
      warranted.

PMID- 3837278
TI  - Factors influencing treatment utilization in African psychotherapy.
AB  - Two hundred subjects, 100 each from urban and rural areas of a Nigerian ethnic
      group were administered questionnaires and given interviews to determine
      variables shaping their preferred mode of treatment between traditional and
      Western forms of psychotherapy. Education was found to play an insignificant role
      among the present subjects as the educated literate subjects continue to indicate
      considerable interest for traditional treatment. Location was shown to have a
      significant effect on the treatment choice made by the subjects especially among
      the rural subjects. The implications of these findings for treatment provision
      are discussed.

PMID- 3837277
TI  - Toward the development of a new self-report alexithymia scale.
AB  - Addressing methodological problems in the development of existing scales for
      measuring alexithymia, this study reports the development of a new self-report
      scale. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was devised with concern for
      theoretical congruence with the alexithymia construct, independence of social
      desirability response bias, and internal consistency. Initially, 41 items were
      administered to 542 college students. Twenty-six items meeting preestablished
      psychometric guidelines were retained. Factor analysis yielded four interpretable
      factors, all consistent with the construct. The scale demonstrated adequate split
      half and test-retest reliability, and scores were not significantly associated
      with age, education, and socioeconomic status. These preliminary results suggest
      that the TAS may be used as a clinical screening device with psychiatric and
      general medical patient populations.

PMID- 3837279
TI  - Early dropouts in brief dynamic psychotherapy.
AB  - Brief dynamic psychotherapy at the Psychiatric Clinic of Athens University
      follows the approach of Malan and Sifneos and the selection criteria proposed by
      Davanloo. The early dropout phenomenon was studied in 24 therapies, in relation
      to variables included in the selection criteria. The statistical analysis was
      based on discriminant analysis. A high final score, early transference
      confrontation, circumscribed problem of the patient, high motivation for
      treatment and existence of crisis were strongly associated with continuation of
      brief psychotherapy.

PMID- 3837280
TI  - [Evaluation of rifampicin-isoniazid treatment in tuberculous meningitis].

PMID- 3837281
TI  - [Capacity for the elimination of parasitic helminths of a stabilization pond in
      Santo Tomas Atzingo, Mexico State].

PMID- 3837282
TI  - [Fascioliasis in the State of Chihuahua, Mexico. I. Susceptibility of Fossaria
      modicella (Say, 1825), the local intermediate host].

PMID- 3837283
TI  - [Massive trichuriasis associated with balantidiasis and trichostrongylosis].

PMID- 3837284
TI  - [Comparative study of the grades of Chilean medical students].

PMID- 3837285
TI  - [What purpose do studies of pulmonary function serve?].

PMID- 3837286
TI  - [Functional evaluation of incapacity secondary to respiratory diseases].

PMID- 3837287
TI  - [Long-term effects of digoxin and hydralazine in patients with chronic cardiac
      insufficiency].

PMID- 3837288
TI  - [Bacteremia due to anaerobic bacteria in internal medicine].

PMID- 3837289
TI  - [Clinical and etiological study of chronic hepatitis and postnecrotic cirrhosis].

PMID- 3837291
TI  - [Hairy cell leukemia: morphological study of 8 cases].

PMID- 3837290
TI  - [Primary hypothyroidism with enlarged sella turcica: course under treatment].

PMID- 3837292
TI  - [Constrictive pericarditis due to hydatidosis and tuberculosis].

PMID- 3837293
TI  - [Non-invasive pulmonary pseudoallescheriasis. A case with histopathological and
      mycological diagnosis in material obtained by bronchoscopy].

PMID- 3837294
TI  - [Incidence of thyroid dysfunction in patients during chronic treatment with
      amiodarone].

PMID- 3837295
TI  - [Malignant histiocytosis: histopathological, immunohistochemical and
      ultrastructural study in 7 cases].

PMID- 3837296
TI  - [Transbronchial biopsy through a fiberoptic bronchoscope].

PMID- 3837297
TI  - [Characterization of serum concentrations of thyroid hormones in a healthy
      infantile Chilean population].

PMID- 3837298
TI  - [Carotid body tumor].

PMID- 3837299
TI  - [Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a Mapuche community of Region IX, Chile].

PMID- 3837300
TI  - [Various aspects of methodology in clinical research].

PMID- 3837301
TI  - [Preoperative evaluation of respiratory function].

PMID- 3837302
TI  - [Characterization of immune complexes precipitated by polyethylene glycols in
      systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3837303
TI  - [Teaching of alcoholism in Chilean medical schools: a curriculum survey].

PMID- 3837304
TI  - [Involvement of central nervous system in systemic lupus erythematosus.
      Experience with 20 patients].

PMID- 3837305
TI  - [Hepatic scintigraphy (99mTc colloid) in patients with liver abscess:
      multivariate analysis].

PMID- 3837307
TI  - [Ethics and scientific biomedical research].

PMID- 3837306
TI  - [The climacteric: a psychosomatic perspective].

PMID- 3837308
TI  - [Longitudinal study of the smoking habit among students of Catholic University.
      I. Habit characteristics in those entering from 1982 to 1984].

PMID- 3837309
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of the control of respiration].

PMID- 3837310
TI  - [Naloxone increases systemic arterial pressure during fetal asphyxia. Modulator
      role of endogenous opioids].

PMID- 3837311
TI  - [Survival of patients with lupus nephropathy. II. Prognostic factors].

PMID- 3837312
TI  - [Percutaneous biliary drainage].

PMID- 3837313
TI  - [Staphylococcus aureus bacteremias].

PMID- 3837314
TI  - [Respiratory failure in a general hospital].

PMID- 3837315
TI  - [Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli of human origin. II. In vitro sensitivity
      of 185 strains to 17 anti-microbial agents].

PMID- 3837316
TI  - [Acute porphyria: 2 clinical cases].

PMID- 3837317
TI  - [Abnormal alcohol drinkers in a school population].

PMID- 3837318
TI  - [Water, sodium and potassium in soft drinks].

PMID- 3837319
TI  - [Introduction, hypothesis and discussion in theses or factual scientific
      articles].

PMID- 3837321
TI  - Exceptionally high and diverse mutation rates in insects small rRNA.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of 5S rRNA from the posterior silk gland of the silk worm
      Philosamia cynthia ricini has been determined. The comparison with other insect
      5S rRNAs revealed an exceptionally conserved secondary structure, in spite of an
      extremely high mutation rate: Thirteen nucleotides are different in Philosamia
      and Drosophila 5S rRNA, but all substitutions are either compensatory or occur in
      loops or introduce G:U base pairs. The rates of base substitution per site per
      year of several insect species (diptera and lepidoptera) 5S and 5.8S rRNAs are
      compared with those occurring in vertebrate rRNAs. In the latter cases the rates
      are remarkably constant, whereas their value is not only about twofold higher in
      insect rRNAs, but is found to be extremely large in the 5S rRNA of the silkworm
      Bombyx mori. These data demonstrate that phylogenetic conclusions derived from
      small rRNA sequence comparisons are only of limited value.

PMID- 3837320
TI  - [Hypercalcemia syndrome not due to primary hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 3837322
TI  - Haemopoietic progenitor cells measured by limiting dilution in microwell culture.
AB  - Microwell culture assays, termed the "negative" well technique and the "positive"
      well technique have been used to measure the concentration of murine haemopoietic
      progenitor cells (HPC) by limiting dilution. Using morphologic examination and 3H
      TdR uptake, the number of HPC of Balb/c mice per 10(5) bone marrow cells was 33
      and 31 respectively. the linear relation between the number of harvested cells
      and input cells seen on the 4th and 7th days of culture reflected the growth of
      HPC in microwells. Besides measuring the concentration of HPC, this culture
      system may facilitate the analysis of effects on proliferation and
      differentiation of HPC of culture conditions, haemopoietic factors as well as
      cytotoxic agents.

PMID- 3837323
TI  - The study of spectra and X-ray crystal structure of a novel bionics insecticide-
      (CH3)2NHCH(CH2S2O3)2Na X H2O.
AB  - IR and NMR spectra of novel bionics insecticide--C5NS4O6H12Na X H2O have been
      studied. The molecular and crystal structures of the compound also have been
      determined. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C5(2)h-P21/n
      with a = 8.0972(9)A, b = 16.262(4)A, c = 10.370(3)A, beta = 94.26(2)degrees and z
      = 4. The result shows that N atom in this compound captures a proton to form HN+
      group, Na+ is in statistical disorder. Therefore, the structural formula of the
      compound is (CH3)2HN+-CH(CH2S2O3-)2 X 1/2(Na+)2 X H2O.

PMID- 3837324
TI  - Synthesis of methylisoamylnitrosamine from isoamylamine by fungi (Fusarium
      moniliforme).
AB  - Methylisoamylnitrosamine, a carcinogenic N-nitroso compound, has been formed in
      glucose ammonium nitrate medium containing 150 mg of isoamylamine (a primary
      amine) inoculated with a common fungus (Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon), to which
      400 mg NaNO2 are added after incubation for 7-8 days at 28 degrees C. No such
      compound has been found in control samples without fungi or isoamylamine. This
      paper reports a method of experimental synthesis of the nitrosamine by F.
      moniliforme strains 82-01 and 83-01, using isoamylamine and NaNO2, as well as the
      analysis of the compound by GC/MS and GC/TEA.

PMID- 3837325
TI  - A new physiologic model for dynamic process of creatine kinase activity after
      acute myocardial infarction and estimation of infarct size.
AB  - A new physiologic model for dynamic process of Creatine Kinase (CK) after acute
      myocardial infarction is proposed. The fundamental hypotheses are tested. The new
      model is better than the log-normal model in goodness of fit. With this new
      model, the infarct size of complicated cases with double or multiple peak CK
      curve can be estimated as well as that of uncomplicated cases. To estimate
      parameters, a nomographic algorithm and a computer program have been designed. In
      most cases, the initial values for parameters estimated with Marquardt's method
      can be determined from individual CK data.

PMID- 3837326
TI  - [Cone input signals to L-type external horizontal cells of the cyprinid retina].

PMID- 3837327
TI  - [Transient on-responses of L-type external horizontal cells in the light-adapted
      cyprinid retina].

PMID- 3837329
TI  - [Tympanograms in relation to conditions of the ossicular chain and the tympanic
      cavity].

PMID- 3837328
TI  - [Tympanograms in relation to conditions of the tympanic membranes].

PMID- 3837330
TI  - [Effect of cervical sympathetic stimulation on the carotid sinus reflex in
      rabbits].

PMID- 3837331
TI  - [Role of nucleus raphe magnus in the respiratory depression produced by
      microinjection of morphine into the nucleus parabrachialis medialis].

PMID- 3837332
TI  - [Analysis of the excitatory effects of dimefline on respiration in rabbits].

PMID- 3837333
TI  - [Effect of progestin no. 1 (cymegesolate) on menstrual cycles and plasma levels
      of progesterone in rhesus monkeys].

PMID- 3837334
TI  - [Rat brain leucine-enkephalin contents under four stressful conditions].

PMID- 3837335
TI  - [The myosin/paramyosin filament of the abdominal flexor of the crayfish
      Procambarus clarkii].

PMID- 3837336
TI  - [Electrophysiological analysis of pathways connecting the periaqueductal gray and
      parafascicular nucleus in rats].

PMID- 3837337
TI  - [An on-line microprocessor-based cardiac cell transmembrane potential analyzer].

PMID- 3837338
TI  - [Effect of secretin, cholecystokinin octapeptide and electrical vagal stimulation
      on the pancreatic polypeptide levels of pancreatic juice and serum in dogs].

PMID- 3837339
TI  - [Interaction of vagal stimulation and duodenal acidification in the regulation of
      pancreatic secretion].

PMID- 3837340
TI  - [Electrophysiological effects of sotalol on the sinus node, atrium, AV node and
      his-bundle cells in the rabbit heart].

PMID- 3837341
TI  - [A comparative study of the "force effect" of the left and right ventricles under
      acute hypoxia].

PMID- 3837342
TI  - [Changes of cardiac mechanics, ECG and myocardial lactate in anesthetized dogs
      under progressive hypoxia].

PMID- 3837343
TI  - [Analyses of the mechanism of dimefline-induced convulsive discharges in phrenic
      and tibial nerves].

PMID- 3837344
TI  - [Effects of electroacupuncture and morphine on hippocampal potentials evoked by
      noxious stimulation of the splanchnic nerve in cats].

PMID- 3837345
TI  - [Synaptic connection between the monoaminergic terminals and intercostal
      respiratory motoneurons in cats].

PMID- 3837346
TI  - [Plasma concentrations of melatonin and N-acetylserotonin in different age groups
      of human males].

PMID- 3837347
TI  - Genetics and the human encounter with alcohol.

PMID- 3837349
TI  - Prevention and treatment of alcohol abuse: uses and limitations of the high risk
      paradigm.

PMID- 3837348
TI  - Individual differences in sensitivity and tolerance to alcohol.

PMID- 3837350
TI  - The genetics of alcohol consumption in animals.

PMID- 3837351
TI  - Genetic influences on acquisition of tolerance to alcohol.

PMID- 3837352
TI  - Neurophysiological mechanisms in the genetics of ethanol sensitivity.

PMID- 3837353
TI  - Multivariable causal modeling in alcohol use research.

PMID- 3837354
TI  - Basic research on heredity and alcohol: implications for clinical application.

PMID- 3837355
TI  - [Notes on anthomyiidae from Mountain Emei, China V. Description of 2 new species
      of genus Pegohylemyia (Diptera)].

PMID- 3837356
TI  - [The study of the synthesis of the antineoplastic agent DHAQ].

PMID- 3837357
TI  - [A survey of Campylobacter infection in children].

PMID- 3837358
TI  - [Electron microscope observation of Campylobacter jejuni].

PMID- 3837359
TI  - [Isolation and identification of Campylobacter jejuni from chicken flocks].

PMID- 3837360
TI  - [Measurement of very small birefringence of biological tissues].

PMID- 3837361
TI  - [Observation on susceptibilities and immune responses of four strains of mice to
      the infection of a Leishmania donovani Chinese strain].

PMID- 3837362
TI  - [Studies on the carcinogenicity of a new fungicide, 2-benzoyl-hydrazono-1,3
      dithiolane (BHD), in rats].

PMID- 3837363
TI  - [Methods of determination of L-cysteine hydrochloride and sodium pyrosulfite in
      25% ascorbic acid injection].

PMID- 3837364
TI  - [Preliminary observation on changes in serum triiodothyronine (T8), thyroxine
      (T4) nd thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in patients with chronic cor
      pulmonale].

PMID- 3837365
TI  - [Clinical application of thyroid lymphography].

PMID- 3837367
TI  - [The removal of a renal carcinoma and carcinomatous thrombus in the inferior vena
      cava. A case report].

PMID- 3837366
TI  - [A prevalence survey of hepatitis B virus infection among Lisu national
      minorities].

PMID- 3837368
TI  - [Preparation and identification of monoclonal antibodies against Pagumogonimus
      skrjabini].

PMID- 3837369
TI  - [125I-labelled monoclonal antibody in the detection of leptospiral antigens in
      tissues of guinea pig].

PMID- 3837370
TI  - [Electron microscopic study on the influence of microwave irradiation on the
      blood-testis barrier of the rat testis].

PMID- 3837371
TI  - [Effect of microwave on frequency of spermatogonia sister chromatid exchange
      (SCE) of mice testes].

PMID- 3837372
TI  - [A study on the quantitation of human serum apolipoprotein B100 by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay].

PMID- 3837373
TI  - [Estimating pharmacokinetic parameters without restricting time limits to
      samples].

PMID- 3837374
TI  - [A study of the relationship between leptospiral virulence and adherence].

PMID- 3837375
TI  - [A study of freeze replica and SEM on the hepatocytic tight junctions and
      canaliculi in the guinea pig with Leptospirosis icterohaemorrhagiae].

PMID- 3837376
TI  - [Study on the activity of adenosine deaminase in blood by an ammonia gas-sensing
      electrode].

PMID- 3837377
TI  - [Investigations on the life cycle and biological characteristics of Romanomermis
      sichuanensis].

PMID- 3837378
TI  - [Determination of arsenic in urine with hydride generation and atomic absorption
      spectroscopy].

PMID- 3837379
TI  - [Two years' carcinogenicity study of fenitrothion in rats].

PMID- 3837380
TI  - [Stepwise discriminant analysis on the relationship of immunostimulative
      activities and chemical structure of substituted cinnamic acids].

PMID- 3837381
TI  - [Comparative bioavailability of prednisone and prednisone acetate tablets].

PMID- 3837382
TI  - [The normal Corti's organ of the guinea-pig, cat and human: a scanning electron
      microscopic observation].

PMID- 3837383
TI  - [An animal (goat) model for open heart surgery].

PMID- 3837384
TI  - [A follow-up study of children with chronic tonsillitis treated with placental
      lipopolysaccharide].

PMID- 3837385
TI  - [The method of some particular positional examination of the digestive tract.
      Single barium double contrast radiography of a lower esophageal "tumor"].

PMID- 3837386
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of the measurement of left ventricular systolic and
      diastolic function using the gamma cardiac function device].

PMID- 3837387
TI  - [Studies on the structural and functional changes in the pulmonary microvessels
      in pulmonary diffuse hemorrhage in leptospirosis].

PMID- 3837388
TI  - [The enzyme histochemical changes in the liver of diabetic rats induced by
      streptozotocin].

PMID- 3837389
TI  - [The injury effect of hematoporphyrin disodium salt of the pig and He-Ne laser to
      human cells in vitro].

PMID- 3837390
TI  - [An investigation of the form of thyroid glands].

PMID- 3837391
TI  - [Determination of maximal expiratory flow-volume curves of 815 normal children
      and adolescents in Chengdu].

PMID- 3837392
TI  - [Determination of the maximal midexpiratory flow time and its clinical
      applications].

PMID- 3837393
TI  - [Effect of discharge in air in a high-voltage laboratory on sister chromatid
      exchanges and frequency of micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers
      after exposure].

PMID- 3837394
TI  - [Successive convulsion induced by coriaria lactone in 5-day-old rats].

PMID- 3837395
TI  - [Damage of experimental coriaria lactone convulsion on immature rat brain
      development and the protective effect of glucose].

PMID- 3837396
TI  - [Study of traumatic amenorrhea and ovarian function].

PMID- 3837397
TI  - [The cytology of the vagina, vestibule and labia minora during pregnancy].

PMID- 3837398
TI  - [Misdiagnosis of depressive stupor].

PMID- 3837399
TI  - A case of primary systemic amyloidosis.
AB  - An adult patient with primary systemic amyloidosis associated with nephrotic
      syndrome and complete atrial-ventricular (A-V) block is described. This case was
      considered to be a slowly progressive primary amyloidosis because of a long time
      episode of poor appetite and nephrotic syndrome. Temporal pace making of the
      heart was not effective presumably due to heart muscle damage, per se. Autopsy
      specimens revealed typical features of primary amyloidosis in light microscopy
      and immunofluorescence. It is suggested that early detection of amyloid fibers in
      the heart muscles may improve prognosis in patients with primary amyloidosis.

PMID- 3837400
TI  - Change in fiber type in partially-denervated soleus muscle of the rat.
AB  - In 30% or less partially denervated muscle, the reinnervation of denervated
      muscle fiber may give rise to a change in motor unit size or number of muscle
      fibers innervated by a single motor neuron. This study was designed to evaluate
      changes in fiber type and contractibility of partially denervated rat soleus
      muscle. Partial denervation (by 30% or less) of the soleus nerve does not cause a
      decrease in the number of muscle fibers. A histochemical study was performed on
      frozen sections of the muscle. The total number of muscle fibers, atrophied
      fibers and type II fibers were counted. In the muscle 4 weeks after partial
      denervation, the number of type II fibers was fewer with a decrease of about 40%
      which was not significant. The twitch time to peak and half-relaxation time were
      not changed. The number of type II fibers was significantly decreased (p less
      than 0.01) after 8 weeks. There was a prolongation of contraction time. The
      decrease of type II fibers was extensive involving not only the denervated area
      but also the rest of the muscle area. The transformation of fiber type observed
      in partially denervated muscle may be attributed to a possible diminution of
      neurotrophic substances in intact motor neurons.

PMID- 3837401
TI  - An autoradiographic analysis of experimental non-oliguric acute renal failure in
      the mouse.
AB  - Non-oliguric acute renal failure is an increasing disease entity although
      management of this disease is yet to be established. Poisoning with the sublethal
      doses of HgCl2 provides an experimental model for the study of non-oliguric acute
      renal failure. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanisms of
      regeneration of renal cortex in HgCl2 treated mice using whole body
      autoradiograms to evaluate the changes of DNA synthesis in the renal cortex as
      well as whole body organs in the mice. The whole body autoradiograms showed
      considerable uptake of thymidine in the renal cortex of the mice after 1.5 h, the
      highest uptake after 48 h and negligible uptake 8 days after the injection of
      HgCl2. On the other hand, autoradiograms showed no remarkable changes in the
      uptake of thymidine in the brain, lungs, heart and liver in HgCl2 treated mice.
      It was suggested that the initial treatment of non-oliguric acute renal failure
      within one week may play an important role in its prognosis.

PMID- 3837402
TI  - Quantitation of the pressing force required for feeling peripheral pulses.
AB  - A simple method has been developed for the quantitation of the pressing force,
      which is required to feel arterial pulse optimally by using finger tips on the
      radial artery. This force was measured by our transducer, which replaces the
      touch force generated by finger tips on the artery. This force, called the dead
      load, was traced 18 times in 8 hours on a volunteer, and the coefficient of
      variation of this load was 0.12. We selected 15 volunteers who had moderate
      touching force for plethysmography, and their dead loads were measured repeatedly
      68 times over a week, where the mean and the standard deviation was 60 +/- 15
      grams. The problems related to these research methodologies, which can bridge
      between traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, were also discussed
      briefly.

PMID- 3837403
TI  - Progestin receptors in adult rat ovary during estrous cycle.
AB  - Using a synthetic progestin (P)(i.e. R5020), characteristics of P receptors were
      determined in the ovarian tissue cytosols from adult estradiol benzoate-treated
      or 4-day cycling rats. In the estradiol benzoate-treated rats a specific 3H-R5020
      binding in the cytosol was found with a number of binding sites, V max = 110
      fmol/mg protein and the equilibrium dissociation constant, Kd = 14 nM. In the 4
      day cycling rats, specific binding was found in the 6-7 S region with the Vmax
      which fluctuated during the estrous cycle: the sequence of Vmax (fmol/mg protein)
      was 395 (proestrus) greater than 122 (diestrus) greater than 96 (late estrus)
      greater than 62 (metestrus) greater than 40 (early estrus). The Kd value varied
      during the cycle, the highest (22 nM) in proestrus and the lowest (5 nM) in early
      estrus. In addition, 3H-R5020 binders were thermolabile and of protein in nature.
      These results suggest that the rat ovary contains P receptors in its cytoplasm
      with high affinity and low capacity of P binding, the level of which fluctuates
      during the estrous cycle.

PMID- 3837404
TI  - Mitochondrial alterations in aged rat adrenal cortical cells.
AB  - Mitochondrial alteration in aged rat adrenal cortical cells were studied. Severe
      mitochondrial alterations were predominantly observed in the zonae fasciculata
      and reticularis of the adrenal cortex. Many adrenal cortical mitochondria from
      these zones were relatively larger in size and more irregular in shape. The
      matrix of altered mitochondria appeared denser than normal and the
      intramitochondrial cristae including myelin-like membrane configurations and
      parallel arrays were seen. Intramitochondrial inclusions such as paracrystalloid
      structures were also noted. In addition, giant mitochondria with various
      inclusions such as highly electron dense lipid-like materials, large vacuoles and
      other cytoplasmic organelles including small mitochondria were characteristically
      observed. Based on these data, functional aspects of the altered mitochondria in
      aged rat adrenal cortical cells were discussed.

PMID- 3837405
TI  - Autopsy findings in chronic pyelonephritis patients under dialysis--collected
      from the Annuals of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan.
AB  - Autopsy findings in chronic pyelonephritis patients on dialysis were studied in
      122 cases. The greatest number of cases was in the 50-59 year-old group among
      males and in the 60-69 year-old group among females. Infection was the most
      frequent cause of death (39.3%), followed by bleeding (23.5%). The total number
      of patients with infections and bleeding was 68 cases (55.7%) and 39 cases
      (32.0%), respectively. Pneumonia and bronchitis were the most frequent (27.0%) in
      cases with infections and gastrointestinal bleeding was the most frequent (21.3%)
      in cases with bleeding. The incidence of tuberculosis (16.4%) as a complication
      was high.

PMID- 3837406
TI  - Equol: a contributor to enigmatic immunoassay measurements of estrogen.
AB  - The efficacy of radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the measurement of estradiol-17 beta
      (E2) in murine plasma was investigated. When Sephadex LH-20 or celite column
      chromatography was used to separate E2 from estrone (E1) and other cross-reacting
      compounds, the results were erratic if small volumes of mouse plasma were
      resolved. Assay of a diethyl ether extract of plasma (500 microL) was the most
      practical method for estimating the concentration of estradiol-17 beta in mice.
      This method was used to determine the pattern of estrogen secretion during the
      estrous cycle, on the day of implantation and during pregnancy. No convincing
      change in estrogen secretion was observed in the diestrous/proestrous mouse. By
      comparison, estrogen levels were elevated during pregnancy. Taken together, these
      results implied that cross-reactive components in plasma masked low levels of
      endogenous estrogen. Further evaluation of mouse plasma and urine using a co
      chromatography technique to examine estrogen elution from a reverse-phase HPLC
      system followed by GC/MS analysis indicated the presence of equol [7-hydroxy-3-(4
      hydroxyphenyl)chroman], a phytoestrogen metabolite with a ring structure similar
      to estradiol-17 beta. Equol and possibly other cross-reactive components of
      plasma may account for the apparent lack of increased estrogen secretion during
      the mouse estrous cycle and on the day of implantation as determined by the
      radioimmunoassay of ether extracts of plasma.

PMID- 3837407
TI  - HPLC separation of anti-estrogen and estrogen receptor binding components of
      mouse plasma.
AB  - Proestrous mouse plasma and urine were subjected to diethyl ether extraction,
      enzyme hydrolysis and HPLC separation of estrogen components. Radioimmunoassay of
      the treated proestrous samples with a broad spectrum anti-estrogen serum failed
      to detect estradiol-17 beta, estrone or estriol. HPLC chromatograms contained two
      peaks of immunoreactive and estrogen receptor binding material with polarities
      between those of estriol and estradiol-17 beta. Similar peaks were detected in
      HPLC chromatograms of urinary extracts from ovariectomized and ovariectomized
      adrenalectomized mice. The least polar of the two peaks produced a mass spectrum
      identical to that of authentic equol [7-hydroxy-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)chroman], a
      phytoestrogen metabolite. The presence of significant quantities of circulating
      equol in all strains studied, combined with apparently low plasma levels of
      endogenous classical estrogens during proestrus, confound attempts to study
      estrogen secretion in the mouse.

PMID- 3837408
TI  - A simple radioimmunoassay for estriol 3-sulfate in pregnancy plasma without
      deconjugation.
AB  - A highly specific anti-estriol 3-sulfate antiserum was treated with 50% ammonium
      sulfate, and the crude globulin fraction was coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose
      4B. Addition of 0.1M Tris-HC1 buffer (pH 8.3) containing 0.1M glutamine to the
      solution of antigen-antibody enabled assaying without solvent-extraction or
      chromatography to remove endogenous interference. Subsequently, a direct
      radioimmunoassay using [6,7-3H]-estriol 3-sulfate as a radioactive ligand without
      deconjugation has been established and applied to the determination of estriol 3
      sulfate levels in pregnancy plasma. The increasing plasma levels of estriol 3
      sulfate are correlated with estriol levels over the period of gestation. The mean
      values of sulfated estriol concentration (A) in late pregnancy plasma were
      approximately 7 times as high as unconjugated estriol (B), but individual ratios
      of A to B showed considerable variability.

PMID- 3837409
TI  - Reaction of some antiinflammatory 17 beta-(2-aminooxazol-4-yl) steroids with
      hydrogen peroxide. Synthesis of steroid-17-spiro-5'-oxazolidine-2',4'-diones.
AB  - The heterocyclic moiety of 17 beta-(2-aminooxazol-4-yl) steroids is sensitive to
      the oxidizing action of hydrogen peroxide and yields products mainly from the
      opening of the amino-oxazole ring. Unlike simple 2-aminooxazoles, it does not
      rearrange to 2-imidazolone and the expected steroidal hydroperoxyimidazolidinones
      were not detected. Among the substances we isolated, N-(aminocarbonyl)-17 alpha
      hydroxy-17-carboxamides (2a) and (3a) undergo spontaneous cyclization, in the
      reaction conditions, giving steroid-17-spirooxazolidinediones (2d) and (3d).
      Spirane (2d) was synthesized in high yields from (2a) in strongly alkaline
      medium.

PMID- 3837410
TI  - The structure of progesterone receptors.

PMID- 3837411
TI  - Measurement of five androgens in the blood of immature and maturing male rainbow
      trout, Salmo gairdneri (Richardson).
AB  - Antisera for radioimmunoassay (RIA) against testosterone, 11-oxo-testosterone, 11
      beta-hydroxytestosterone, 11-oxo-androstenedione, and 11 beta
      hydroxyandrostenedione were raised in female rabbits. The RIAs were tested for
      their suitability for quantification of the steroids after thin layer
      chromatography of ether extracts from plasma pools of immature and maturing male
      rainbow trout. Results from control experiments of the RIAs (buffer blanks,
      sensitivity, cross reactivity, intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation,
      accuracy) were all within a normal range. These RIAs should be helpful tools to
      test the significance of the hypothesis concerning the "interrenal-liver-gonad
      axis" which has been proposed to account for the high androgen levels in male
      trout during high reproductive activity.

PMID- 3837412
TI  - Fate of peritoneal progesterone in the rabbit.
AB  - The efficiency of peritoneal absorption of progesterone was investigated by
      following the appearance of 3H-progesterone and its metabolites in the
      circulation after intravenous or intraperitoneal administration. Tritium rapidly
      entered the peripheral circulation when given by either route. The percentage of
      tritium appearing as modified progesterone was substantially lower following
      intraperitoneal administration. This difference can be largely attributed to
      splanchnic absorption and hepatic metabolism of intraperitoneal steroids. The
      potentially large amount of progesterone secreted into the peritoneal compartment
      may not contribute significantly to the peripheral circulating pool of
      progesterone.

PMID- 3837413
TI  - Identification of metabolites of methylprednisolone in equine urine.
AB  - Methylprednisolone and three metabolites, 17,21-dihydroxy-6 alpha-methyl-1,4
      pregnadiene-3,11,20-trione, 6 alpha-methyl-17,20 beta,21-trihydroxy-1,4
      pregnadiene-3,11-dione, and 6 alpha-methyl-11 beta,17,20 beta,21-tetrahydroxy-1,4
      pregnadien-3-one were detected in equine urine after intraarticular
      administration of methylprednisolone acetate. All four compounds were excreted
      both in the unconjugated form and as glucuronic acid conjugates. They were
      identified by comparing data obtained from analyses by high performance liquid
      chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy and gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry to those of the synthesized standards. The
      presence of trace amounts of a fourth metabolite, 6 alpha-methyl-11 beta,17,20
      alpha,21-tetrahydroxy-1,4-pregnadien-3-one, was indicated by high performance
      liquid chromatography but confirmation has not been attained by the other
      methods.

PMID- 3837414
TI  - Synthesis of alpha,beta-unsaturated C24 bile acids.
AB  - Synthesis of the alpha,beta-unsaturated analogues of cholic acid, deoxycholic
      acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid is described. Each common
      bile acid was converted to the corresponding C22 aldehyde which was then
      converted to the delta 22 bile acid by Wittig reaction with methyl
      (triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate. The synthetic unsaturated bile acids were
      characterized by thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, and mass
      spectrometry.

PMID- 3837416
TI  - Isolation of methyl 3-hydroxy-9-oxo-9,10-seco-23,24-dinor-1,3,5(10)
      cholatrienoate from a sterol bioconversion.
AB  - A mutant (UC9778) of M. fortuitum has been isolated which degrades cholesterol
      and plant sterols to mixtures of Ring A-phenolic compounds. The title compound
      was isolated by repeated chromatography, and its structure determined by
      spectroscopic methods.

PMID- 3837417
TI  - [The Tunisian child's respiratory tract allergy].

PMID- 3837415
TI  - Concentration of [16 alpha-125I]iodoestradiol in human ovarian tumors in vivo and
      correlation with estrogen receptor content.
AB  - The gamma emitting estrogen [16 alpha-125I]iodoestradiol was administered to 11
      patients with ovarian cancer and 1 patient with endometrial cancer. At specific
      times after the administration of the tracer, portions of the tumor and of
      control tissues, fat and muscle, were removed and counted. The amount of
      radioactivity in these tissues was compared to the cytosolic estrogen receptor
      content of the tumor, measured by Sephadex LH-20 gel filtration, in biopsy
      specimens taken before the injection of the tracer. There was a strong
      correlation (p less than 0.005) between the estrogen receptor concentration in
      the biopsied tumor and the amount of radioactivity in the tumor. There was no
      correlation between the isotope in the muscle and the tumor receptor, nor between
      the radioactivity in the tumor and that in fat or muscle. As would be expected
      for a steroid receptor mediated process, the bulk of the total tissue
      radioactivity was present in the nuclear compartment of the tumors. This pattern
      was not observed in the muscle. Furthermore, the nuclear radioactivity in the
      tumors was positively correlated with the cytosolic estrogen receptor content.
      These experiments demonstrate that under in vivo conditions this gamma emitting
      estrogen is concentrated in tumors in a manner that is dependent upon the
      estrogen receptor. It was also found that the concentrations of radioactivity in
      the blood were high, producing low tumor to blood ratios. The blood level of
      isotope was not due to the presence of the unmetabolized steroid, which
      disappeared from blood rapidly, but was caused by circulating metabolites of the
      injected steroid. Since the concentration of the isotope in the tumor was
      dependent upon the estrogen receptor level, it would appear from these
      experiments that it is theoretically possible to use such compounds to image and
      monitor tumors that contain estrogen receptors. However, rapid metabolism would
      seem to preclude the use of 16 alpha-iodoestradiol itself for this purpose. These
      studies point to the possibility that the synthesis of analogs of 16 alpha
      iodoestradiol, sterically protected against inactivation by rapid metabolism, may
      lead to a radiopharmaceutical agent that would be useful for imaging and
      monitoring estrogen receptor containing tumors.

PMID- 3837418
TI  - [Paraneoplastic syndromes in primary pulmonary cancer].

PMID- 3837419
TI  - [Iatrogenic stricture of the urethra. A review of 67 cases].

PMID- 3837420
TI  - [The staghorn calculus].

PMID- 3837421
TI  - [Characteristics of depressive disorders of the Maghreb immigrant in France].

PMID- 3837422
TI  - [Postoperative arteriovenous fistula].

PMID- 3837423
TI  - [To the physician: a poem].

PMID- 3837425
TI  - A new peritoneovenous shunt catheter.

PMID- 3837424
TI  - Successful animal study of small caliber heparin-protamine-collagen vascular
      grafts.

PMID- 3837426
TI  - A new single needle dialysis system.

PMID- 3837427
TI  - Hemodynamic and morphologic features of arteriovenous angioaccess loop grafts.
AB  - Bilateral femoral A-VLG (5 acute, 5 chronic) were implanted in 10 dogs (e-PTFE, 6
      mm ID, 25 cm length). Acute studies included measurements of cardiac output (CO)
      and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Blood pressure and pressure waveforms in
      the graft were obtained by retrograde catheterization and pull-back readings.
      Chronic dogs were sacrificed 8 wks postimplant; samples were obtained following a
      standardized protocol and studied by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron
      microscopy (SEM). Hemodynamic data show a rise in CO, a decline in SVR and a high
      flow through each graft. Pull-back readings show a gradual drop in pressure and
      loss of pulsatility from the arterial to the venous side of the graft. LM studies
      show IH primarily in the proximal vein. SEM showed limited pannus ingrowth
      endothelium close to the anastomoses and otherwise a thrombus layer throughout
      the lumen. A-VLG are associated with high flow, pressure drop and loss of
      pulsatility. Proximal vein IH is a reproducible lesion. We conclude there is
      severe hemodynamic stress from disturbed flow and high flow velocity and it plays
      a critical role in the development of venous intimal hyperplasia in AV loop
      grafts.

PMID- 3837428
TI  - A solution to inlet pannus formation in the pneumatic artificial heart.

PMID- 3837429
TI  - The fluid mechanics of hemodialysis catheters.

PMID- 3837430
TI  - Subclavian vein thrombosis in hemodialysis patients.

PMID- 3837431
TI  - Continuous intravascular cyclosporine infusion by implantable pump.

PMID- 3837432
TI  - Evaluation of the Shiley dual lumen subclavian hemodialysis catheter.

PMID- 3837433
TI  - A comparison of methods to calculate the heparin reversal dose of protamine in
      cardiovascular surgery.

PMID- 3837434
TI  - Effective cancer therapy by a combination of filtration and chemotherapy.

PMID- 3837435
TI  - Development of nonaluminum phosphate binder hydrous cerium oxide (Ce alpha (OH)4
      2 alpha . nH2O).

PMID- 3837436
TI  - Dismal prognosis despite maintenance hemodialysis in AIDS nephropathy and chronic
      uremia.

PMID- 3837437
TI  - Examining the foundations of urea kinetics.

PMID- 3837438
TI  - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration: a comparison with hemodialysis in acute
      renal failure.
AB  - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) is increasingly used in treatment
      of acute renal failure. There are no clinical comparisons to acute hemodialysis
      (HD). We studied control of uremia, electrolyte and fluid balance, and incidence
      of bleeding, hypotension, and tachyarrhythmia in 4 patients randomly alternated
      between CAVH and HD. The side effects both during and 4.3 hrs after each HD
      (total 88 + 97 = 187 hrs) were analyzed to allow time comparison. Five CAVH
      treatments (total 187 hrs) where 147 L BUN clearance and 10.9 kg net
      ultrafiltration (UF) occurred; and 23 HD (88 hrs) where 790 L BUN clearance and
      an UF of 34 kg were compared. Uremia and fluid and electrolyte control were
      achieved by all treatments except one CAVH session. Two patients had bleeding
      episodes on CAVH, and none on HD, despite careful minimal heparinization. There
      were 2 episodes of sudden hypotension on CAVH versus 6 on or after HD. Per unit
      time, there were 3 times as many episodes of hypotension with HD. Four episodes
      of sustained tachyarrhythmia occurred on CAVH, and 5 occurred on or after HD.
      When these side effects were more meaningfully normalized to BUN clearance, there
      were twice as many hypotensive events and 4 times as many tachyarrhythmic
      episodes on CAVH as on HD, although UF rate was 7 times faster on HD. CAVH is
      simple to do, but has more clinical ill effects than HD when normalized to
      treatment efficiency. The continuous heparinization necessary for CAVH is
      potentially dangerous, despite careful monitoring. The clinical safety of CAVH
      has probably been over-rated, and it best may be suited to patients with acute
      renal failure who do poorly on HD.

PMID- 3837439
TI  - Right ventricular function during left heart bypass evaluated by two-dimensional
      echocardiography.

PMID- 3837440
TI  - Reduced treatment time: hemodialysis (HD) versus hemofiltration (HF).

PMID- 3837441
TI  - Comparative analyses of bioprosthetic valve calcification in ventricular assist
      systems (VAS).

PMID- 3837442
TI  - "Pass-through" and "inertia" contribution to left-right flow difference (LRFD) in
      TAH recipients.

PMID- 3837443
TI  - An implantable power source for an artificial heart or left ventricular assist
      device.

PMID- 3837444
TI  - Recovery mechanism from postoperative profound heart failure by an automatic left
      ventricular assist system.

PMID- 3837445
TI  - Experimental evaluation of complete electrically powered ventricular assist
      system.
AB  - The LVAS utilizing an intrathoracic blood pump and a parathoracic,
      electrohydraulic energy converter has a number of promising features. These
      include: transcutaneous energy transmission and an implanted variable volume
      device which eliminate the need for percutaneous access; utilization of an
      intrathoracic blood pump and variable volume device which allow the diaphragm and
      abdominal cavity to remain intact; parathoracic or subcutaneous location of the
      transformer secondary, energy converter, internal battery and interconnecting
      elements allowing replacement with a minor surgical procedure; employment of the
      "biolized" continuous blood contacting surface which has the potential of long
      term use without anticoagulants and utilization of an electrohydraulic energy
      converter which provides synchronization without requiring transducers and
      associated electronics and which provides lubrication of mechanical components.
      The development effort, which began separately in 1977 and has been conducted
      jointly by Nimbus and the Cleveland Clinic since 1980, has demonstrated that the
      above features can be incorporated in a reliable LVAS. In particular, the system
      in vivo test series have demonstrated the soundness of the basic concepts and led
      to refinements which were demonstrated in the 6-1/2 mo test. All elements of the
      system have been utilized during the in vivo test program. Component tests of
      significance include: LVAS and total heart blood pump in vivo experiments of up
      to 7 mos duration which demonstrate the blood compatibility of the biolized
      surface without the use of long-term anticoagulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3837446
TI  - Factors affecting left-right heart output differences in artificial heart
      implanted animals.

PMID- 3837447
TI  - A mathematical model to predict the optimal control mode for a pusher-plate total
      artificial heart (TAH).
AB  - Table I lists the physiological criteria for ranking each control mode
      (hemodynamic conditions assumed are listed in Figure 4). For each criteria, each
      mode was given a ranking of 0 to 3, with 3 the best. At the bottom of the table
      is the total of all criteria grades. The ranking from best to worst mode is in
      order: IND, LMA/LMS, Low FR/High FR, RMA/RMS. A discussion of Table I follows: FR
      is a reliable control mode and has been used extensively clinically, including
      the recent TAH human implants. The advantage of this mode is its simplicity: if
      the venous return is below pump capacity, then all incoming blood can be pumped
      out without any sophisticated controller. However, when the flow demand exceeds
      the pump capacity, HR must be increased. The ideal situation would be to set FR
      at one HR and %S, and leave these settings over the life of the recipient.
      However, a high HR like this would result in relatively high atrial pressures and
      low flow rates with respect to IND (as shown theoretically, in vitro, and in
      vivo). Although the patient would have a high maximum COR, the daily COR would be
      low, resulting in a relatively high AVO2 difference. Finally, FR lacks afterload
      sensitivity. RMA and RMS received the lowest grade of all modes. Because of the L
      L shunt, the stroke length of these modes are smallest, and thus the CO curves
      and FPS are poorer than any other mode.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3837448
TI  - Comparative hematological data from animals implanted with a total artificial
      heart containing different valves.
AB  - A review of animals receiving a TAH with 4 mechanical valves suggests that the
      least damage to the blood cell components is associated with the BS valve when
      compared with the MH valve at similar heart rates. Clinical anemia in varying
      stages was observed in most animals in this study. However, most calves
      compensated for the increased rate of hemolysis and none required blood
      transfusions. The BS valve would appear to combine minimal turbulence and
      mechanical crushing in a physiological setting.

PMID- 3837449
TI  - Surgical approaches to applying an LVAD in a "one pump TAH" configuration.

PMID- 3837450
TI  - Interactions of plasma proteins with selective artificial surfaces.

PMID- 3837451
TI  - Antithrombogenic elastomers: novel anticoagulant/complement inhibitor-controlled
      release systems.
AB  - We have introduced novel synthetic anticoagulant and complement inhibitors for
      controlled release systems with high biocompatibility. These drugs were
      molecularly designed for extremely high biospecific inhibition, are readily
      soluble in polar organic solvents, such that they have versatile applications in
      commonly used hydrophilic polymeric systems via an easily attainable one-step co
      casting technique at a given amount of loading. Another characteristic feature of
      the controlled release system is that both release rate and duration are
      controlled by the material, formulation and fabrication variables. These are
      easily manipulated by the hydrophilicity of polymers, amount of loading and film
      thickness. The drug-impregnated system may generate a new dimension in the
      formulation of controlled release biocompatibility.

PMID- 3837452
TI  - Albumin coatings resistant to shear-induced desorption.
AB  - Using an immunoferritin-transmission electron microscopic technique, we studied
      the effects of C18 alkylation and fluid shear on the distribution of albumin
      absorbed to a segmented polyether polyurethane. Samples were exposed to 25 mg/dl
      albumin solution at 0, 100 or 1500 s-1 wall shear rate for 1 min. Others
      underwent static incubation with albumin solution for 20 mins, followed by
      exposure to phosphate buffered saline at 0, 100 or 1500 s-1 for 1 min.
      Significant increases in uniformity and density of the albumin adsorbate were
      observed for all C18 alkylated surfaces, at all wall shear rates. C18 alkylation
      also significantly decreased the rate of shear-induced desorption of albumin.
      Results suggest that C18 treatment may promote the rapid development and
      retention of an endogenous albumin layer for blood contacting materials.

PMID- 3837453
TI  - Coated bioresorbable mesh as vascular graft material.

PMID- 3837454
TI  - An immobilized enzyme reactor for treatment of severe neonatal jaundice.

PMID- 3837455
TI  - Experimental in vitro cultivation of human endothelial cells on artificial
      surfaces.

PMID- 3837456
TI  - Predilution versus postdilution for continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration.
AB  - When compared to the postdilution mode, the predilution mode has the following
      advantages and disadvantages: ADVANTAGES: A significant increase in net urea
      clearance when compared to the postdilution mode: This study, showing a net 18%
      increase, confirms the conclusions of our preliminary studies 15, 16. It allows
      for a more liberal use of suction-assist: The combination of predilution and
      suction-assist can yield a 60% increase in net urea clearance without the
      generation of prohibitively high hematocrits and protocrits. A potential increase
      in effective filter life by dilution of prefilter hematocrit, clotting factors,
      and platelet count. Disadvantages: Increased cost of replacement fluid: This is
      usually modest, approximately a 10 to 30% increase in total volume needed. With a
      total output of 20 L/day this would represent approximately 6 L. In the manner
      prepared (Table 4, Ref 6) this represents approximately $10 a day and must be
      contrasted with the potential for increased filter life, the replacement of which
      represents the major cost of CAVH therapy. Furthermore, and perhaps more
      important, is that this modest increase in replacement fluid costs yields a
      substantial increase in urea clearance, especially when used with suction-assist,
      thus eliminating the need for intermittent hemodialysis and the costs it incurs.
      The filtrate chemistries can no longer be used to monitor the patient's plasma
      values: Although the potential savings in blood drawing is real, experience with
      the postdilution mode suggests that filtrate values are rarely considered
      adequate by the attending medical staff.

PMID- 3837457
TI  - Development and evaluation of a synthetic ligament graft.

PMID- 3837458
TI  - Development of a latex foley catheter with sustained release of chlorhexidine.

PMID- 3837459
TI  - Physiological laryngeal pacemaker.

PMID- 3837460
TI  - An approach to an artificial nose.

PMID- 3837461
TI  - A new approach to respiratory assist for phrenic nerve paralysis.

PMID- 3837462
TI  - New fiber for ligament and tendon prosthesis.
AB  - A new material has been used as tendon and ligament prosthesis on animals. The
      long-term clinical results obtained after ACL and Achilles tendon replacement
      suggest an adequate tolerance and a function of the prosthesis.

PMID- 3837463
TI  - Prerequisites for urinary bladder design.

PMID- 3837464
TI  - Long-term intubation with silicone rubber endotracheal prostheses for injury or
      inoperable major airways obstruction.

PMID- 3837465
TI  - The longer term patency of a compliant small diameter arterial prosthesis: the
      effect of the withdrawing of aspirin and dipyridamole therapy: the effect of
      reduced compliance.

PMID- 3837466
TI  - Use of cryoprecipitate coagulum for removal of multiple "inaccessible" calculi
      from the biliary and urinary systems.

PMID- 3837467
TI  - Findings from the NIH National CAPD registry. January 1985.

PMID- 3837468
TI  - Comparison of urea kinetics and direct dialysis quantification in hemodialysis
      patients.

PMID- 3837469
TI  - Switch from acetate (Ac) to bicarbonate (Bi) dialysis: better dialysis tolerance
      but failure to improve acidosis and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG).

PMID- 3837470
TI  - Arteriovenous hemodiafiltration (AVHDF) combined with continuous arteriovenous
      hemofiltration (CAVH).

PMID- 3837471
TI  - Measurement of the effective dialyzer Na diffusion gradient in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 3837472
TI  - Release of pyrogens during clinical hemodialysis.

PMID- 3837473
TI  - Pumpless extracorporeal oxygenation of the blood through a hollow fiber
      oxygenator.

PMID- 3837474
TI  - Simultaneously ejecting left-or-right triggered total artificial heart actuated
      by a single electromechanical system.

PMID- 3837475
TI  - Pulmonary artery to pulmonary artery shunt (PAPAS).

PMID- 3837476
TI  - Nickel transfer during hemodialysis.

PMID- 3837477
TI  - Renal function in calves with total artificial hearts.

PMID- 3837478
TI  - The effect of intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) on pulmonary circulation.

PMID- 3837479
TI  - Blood pump with a magnetically suspended impeller.

PMID- 3837480
TI  - Porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) for tracheal interface.

PMID- 3837481
TI  - Flow injection analysis with chemically sensitive field effect transistor
      detector for monitoring potassium concentration in dialysate.

PMID- 3837482
TI  - Flow visualization of blood at the wall of a porous fiber.

PMID- 3837483
TI  - Comparison of different blood parameters for evaluation of complement activation
      during hemodialysis.

PMID- 3837484
TI  - Applications of protease inhibitor to hemoperfusion and plasma exchange as a
      regional anticoagulant.

PMID- 3837485
TI  - In situ generation of active catalytic layer on glucose sensing platinum
      electrode.

PMID- 3837486
TI  - Spontaneous ascites filtration and reinfusion (SAFR) as ambulatory chronic
      treatment for hepatorenal syndrome.

PMID- 3837487
TI  - Chronic liver disease animal model for evaluation of artificial liver support
      systems.

PMID- 3837488
TI  - Development of hemoglobin oxygen optical sensors for automatic control of
      artificial heart output.

PMID- 3837489
TI  - Hemocompatibility of heparin-fixed IONEX.

PMID- 3837490
TI  - Enzyme based metabolic assist system.

PMID- 3837491
TI  - Prevention of platelet contact activation by prostaglandin E1 released from
      polyurethane surfaces.

PMID- 3837492
TI  - New surface treatments to prevent thrombosis during extracorporeal circulation.

PMID- 3837493
TI  - Turbulent shear stresses from prosthetic heart valves.

PMID- 3837494
TI  - Importance of composition of the initial protein layer and platelet spreading in
      acute surface-induced thrombosis.

PMID- 3837495
TI  - Calcification in cardiovascular implants: degraded cell related phenomena.

PMID- 3837496
TI  - Fabrication and long-term implantation of semi-compliant small vascular
      prosthesis.

PMID- 3837497
TI  - First clinical results of a new surgical bile duct endoprosthesis.

PMID- 3837498
TI  - Analysis of complement activation profile during cardiopulmonary bypass and its
      inhibition by FUT-175.

PMID- 3837499
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of polyurethanes used for biomedical
      applications.

PMID- 3837500
TI  - Acute hypotension during acetate-buffered dialysis in chemically sympathectomized
      dogs.
AB  - Hemodialysis of chemically sympathectomized dogs using acetate-buffered dialysate
      was associated with a profound early drop in blood pressure due to a decrease in
      peripheral vascular resistance. Subsequently, blood pressure and peripheral
      resistance recovered to near normal levels. An increased pulse rate was also
      noted. None of these hemodynamic changes occurred when bicarbonate-buffered
      dialysate was used.

PMID- 3837501
TI  - Copper metabolism in uremia: effect of dialysis and zinc supplementation.

PMID- 3837502
TI  - Urethanes as ethylene oxide reservoirs in hollow-fiber dialyzers.

PMID- 3837503
TI  - Why dialyze more than 6 hours a week?

PMID- 3837504
TI  - Continuous ambulatory EEG monitoring following desferrioxamine (DFO) i.v.
      infusion.

PMID- 3837505
TI  - Anticoagulant and kinetic effects of complement activation.

PMID- 3837506
TI  - Hemodialyzer reuse: practices in the United States and implication for infection
      control.
AB  - Reuse of hemodialyzers has continued to increase dramatically. In 1983, 52% of
      the hemodialysis centers were reusing hemodialyzers. Use of hollow fiber
      hemodialyzers has paralleled this increase in hemodialyzer reuse with 63% of the
      hemodialysis centers reporting exclusive use of this type of hemodialyzer in
      1983. Although reuse of hemodialyzers has not been associated with increased
      incidence of hepatitis B infection or pyrogenic reactions, an outbreak of
      nontuberculous mycobacteria in 27 chronic hemodialysis patients was probably
      associated with water used to reprocess dialyzers. Nontuberculous mycobacteria
      were isolated from the water in 83% of 115 hemodialysis centers surveyed across
      the United States and could constitute a potential infection risk because of the
      organisms' greater germicide resistance than most other naturally occurring water
      bacteria. Two percent formaldehyde is not an effective germicide for high level
      disinfection of hemodialyzers. Reprocessed hemodialyzers should be disinfected
      with 4% formaldehyde or an equivalent disinfectant.

PMID- 3837507
TI  - The reduction in the peritonitis rate among high-risk CAPD patients with the use
      of the Oreopoulos-Zellerman connector.
AB  - We have described a prospective controlled study of the Oreopoulos-Zellerman
      peritoneal dialysis connection system which is based on the principle of chemical
      sterilization of the connector between each dialysis exchange. This system, in a
      short-term study of 27 high-risk patients, has resulted in a fourfold difference
      in the peritonitis rate between the concurrent control group (1/8.8 patient
      months) and the O-Z group (1/35.7 patient months). The probability of developing
      peritonitis by 6 mos was 0.15 using the O-Z connector and 0.46 in the control
      group.

PMID- 3837508
TI  - Prognostic factors associated with peritonitis among patients on continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).

PMID- 3837509
TI  - A portable hemodialysis system with sorbent regeneration of dialysate:
      preliminary results.

PMID- 3837510
TI  - Long-term reduced time hemoperfusion-hemodialysis compared to standard dialysis:
      a preliminary crossover analysis.

PMID- 3837511
TI  - Diabetic nephropathy 1985. Prevalence, type, paradoxical insulin behavior.

PMID- 3837512
TI  - Two years clinical experience with continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration in
      acute renal failure.
AB  - Clotting of hemofilters is the most frequent single cause of filter failure.
      These filters frequently clot in spite of acceptable hemodynamic and
      anticoagulation parameters. Sixty percent of filters which eventually clotted
      never filtered above 200 ml/hr. In our experience maximum ultrafiltration rates
      of 500 ml/hr to over 1000 ml/hr are rarely achieved in routine clinical usage.
      Finally, a disproportionate number of filters accessed to the lower leg either
      clotted or were discontinued for subsequent dialysis. Thus, we conclude that
      lower leg accesses should be avoided if possible. Further, to prevent clotting,
      in addition to maintaining adequate anticoagulation and cardiac output, maximum
      ultrafiltration rates should be sought. To achieve maximum ultrafiltration rates,
      a good vascular access is primary. Also, a vacuum system may be needed and
      perhaps routinely used to obtain filtration rates near 500 ml/hr. These high
      filtration rates will also reduce the need for hemodialysis, the second most
      common reason for filter discontinuation.

PMID- 3837513
TI  - Evaluation of uremic neuropathy by visual (VEP) and brainstem auditory (BAEP)
      evoked potentials.

PMID- 3837514
TI  - Heparin-free hemodialysis with Cuprophan hollow fiber dialyzers by a frequent
      saline flush, high blood flow technique.

PMID- 3837516
TI  - Evaluation of a new siliconized polypropylene hollow fiber membrane lung for
      ECMO.

PMID- 3837515
TI  - The interrelationship of dialysate glucose and lactate in continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).

PMID- 3837517
TI  - Electrically induced contractile phenomena in charged polymer networks:
      preliminary study on the feasibility of muscle-like structures.

PMID- 3837518
TI  - Acute lung injury during cardiopulmonary bypass, the role of neutrophil
      sequestration and lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 3837520
TI  - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in pumpless right ventricle to left
      atrium bypass.

PMID- 3837519
TI  - Total respiratory support with single cannula venovenous ECMO: double lumen
      continuous flow vs. single lumen tidal flow.

PMID- 3837521
TI  - Compact cross-flow tubular oxygenators.

PMID- 3837523
TI  - Normalization of hematocrit in regular hemodialysis patients: the role of renal
      cyst formation.

PMID- 3837522
TI  - Treatment of acute renal failure in the newborn by continuous arteriovenous
      hemofiltration.

PMID- 3837524
TI  - Residual formaldehyde in new and reused dialyzers.

PMID- 3837525
TI  - Progression of coronary and valvular heart disease in patients on dialysis.
AB  - Coronary heart disease and end-stage renal disease: Coronary heart disease is
      frequent in patients with end-stage renal disease. Without invasive procedures
      coronary heart disease is often not diagnosed in patients with end-stage renal
      disease. We have no evidence for accelerated progression of coronary heart
      disease under conditions of dialysis. Valvular heart disease and end-stage renal
      disease: Valvular heart disease shows an increasing frequency depending on the
      period of dialysis. Valvular heart disease is often unnoticed and constantly
      underestimated without invasive investigation. Valvular heart disease often
      indicates a bad prognosis in our patients with end-stage renal disease.

PMID- 3837526
TI  - Reduction in peritonitis frequency by the Dupont Sterile Connection Device.

PMID- 3837527
TI  - Zirconium does not produce osteomalacia in rats with chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3837528
TI  - Pathologic findings and their implications in patients managed with temporary
      ventricular assist.

PMID- 3837529
TI  - Kinetic comparison of hemofilters for continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration
      (CAVH).

PMID- 3837530
TI  - Biocompatibility and bilirubin removal by diacetylchitin coated XAD-4.

PMID- 3837531
TI  - Effect of hemodialysis on myocardial contractility.

PMID- 3837532
TI  - Outcome of myocardial infarction during maintenance hemodialysis.

PMID- 3837533
TI  - A new autologous plasma exchange system with salt-amino acid coprecipitation
      (SAC) method.

PMID- 3837534
TI  - Membrane plasma filtration (MPF): effect of temperature on heparin and
      macromolecule sieving.

PMID- 3837535
TI  - Apheresis: clinical response to patients unresponsive to conventional therapy.
AB  - Ten of 13 (76.9%) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients having intensive
      cryofiltration treatment showed improvement and 5 of 7 (71.4%) of RA patients
      treated on maintenance cryofiltration therapy showed improvement. Encouraged by
      these results, 2 centers were established for controlled trial studies of RA
      patients. Four of 4 (100%) rheumatoid vasculitis patients treated by
      cryofiltration and 4 of 7 (57.1%) patients treated with plasma exchange showed
      clinical improvement. An SLE patient with thrombocytopenia showed a dramatic rise
      in platelet count during intensive (3 day/wk) plasma exchange treatments despite
      little prior response to drugs, platelet infusions and splenectomy.
      Plasmapheresis was effective in improving clinical symptoms and lipid
      abnormalities in a primary sclerosing cholangitis patient without causing
      hypoproteinemia during the long-term therapy (4 yrs).

PMID- 3837536
TI  - Extracorporeal antibody removal effect on antibody kinetics.

PMID- 3837537
TI  - Thermal effect of LDL/HDL separation in membrane filtration; thermofiltration.

PMID- 3837538
TI  - Morphometric studies of chronic fibrillating heart.

PMID- 3837540
TI  - Hemodynamic and pathologic consequences of biventricular bypass using left atrial
      versus left ventricular withdrawal.

PMID- 3837539
TI  - Diagnosis of mechanical failures of total artificial hearts.

PMID- 3837541
TI  - Preparing an institution for clinical device experimentation.

PMID- 3837542
TI  - Induced chronic left ventricular dysfunction in the dog.

PMID- 3837543
TI  - [Three new serovars in Leptospira interrogans].

PMID- 3837544
TI  - [Intracellular appearance, morphological feature and properties of Aspergillus
      niger virus].

PMID- 3837546
TI  - [Synthesis of 15 peptide of the subunit A2(10-24) of cholera toxin and initial
      biological activity].

PMID- 3837545
TI  - [Cloning and sequencing of the hemagglutinin gene of swine influenza virus].

PMID- 3837547
TI  - [The isolation of Clostridium difficile and the detection of its cytotoxin from
      the hamster colitis model].

PMID- 3837548
TI  - [Production of leucocyte (Le)-interferon by human tonsillar lymphocytes].

PMID- 3837549
TI  - [Identification of bacterial lysogeny by detecting phage DNA].

PMID- 3837550
TI  - [Studies on allergen of Brucella. I. Fractionation and assay of Brucella protein
      allergen].

PMID- 3837551
TI  - [A new strain of agar-digesting bacteria which is able to decolorize melanoidin].

PMID- 3837552
TI  - [The structural polypeptides of the mumps virus--the electrophoresis
      determination of the molecular weight].

PMID- 3837554
TI  - [Studies on character of 12 regenerating bacteria of Yersinia enterocolitis].

PMID- 3837553
TI  - [Studies on pathogens of farmer's lung in Jiangsu--isolation and classification
      of thermophilic actinomycetes].

PMID- 3837555
TI  - [Is there a subgroup of hyperkinetic children with emotional disorders? Results
      of a pilot study].
AB  - Child psychiatric classification systems make no provision for a regular
      association between the Hyperkinetic Syndrome and emotional disorders. However,
      such an association could be demonstrated in 9.3% of 464 in- and outpatients seen
      at our child psychiatric unit for treatment of hyperkinesis. Based on the
      differences found between the subjects with both the Hyperkinetic Syndrome and
      emotional problems and those without emotional problems, four pathogenetic models
      were discussed. An experimental design is proposed for hypothesis testing.

PMID- 3837556
TI  - [Perinatal umbilical artery pH and cerebral function disorders in twins starting
      school].
AB  - Thirty twins aged 5 to 7 years old were assessed by a child psychiatrist in their
      home environment, and their parents were also interviewed. Umbilical artery pH,
      an obstetrical index and social class all failed as predictors of the
      dysfunctions found in these children. On the other hand, correlations were found
      between disturbances in family relationships and certain presumably "environment
      free" variables. It is recommended that in child psychiatric counselling and
      treatment of "at risk" children more importance be attached to family
      development.

PMID- 3837557
TI  - [Disease concepts in child and adolescent psychiatry].

PMID- 3837558
TI  - [Computer tomography, electroencephalography and neurologic findings in child and
      adolescent psychiatric syndromes].
AB  - Computed tomographic brain scan (CT) findings in 239 inpatients seen at a child
      psychiatry unit were rated in terms of type, location, and severity of brain
      damage. The rate of abnormalities found was 42%, which is consistent with the
      figures reported in the literature. There was only a small overlap between
      abnormal CT findings and abnormal findings in the electroencephalographic (EEG)
      or neurological examinations. Although abnormal CT findings were more frequent in
      children with certain diagnoses, i.e. those with psychoses or anorexia nervosa,
      no CT findings were characteristic of any group, thus indicating a quantitative
      rather than a qualitative difference. The fact that there was little overlap
      between CT scans and EEG or neurological findings suggests the need for more
      studies on diagnosing brain damage and on the relationship of brain damage to
      psychiatric symptoms.

PMID- 3837559
TI  - [Can the family continue to guarantee the rights of children?].
AB  - The legal position of children is based essentially on the assumption that the
      family can always safeguard the child's welfare in confrontations with a third
      party. Therefore children have not been granted autonomous legal status; their
      interests are protected by the term "the child's best interest", which although
      incorporated into law is not defined. In recent years more attention has been
      paid to the legal status of children, and a certain amount of autonomy has been
      granted, although not without contest. This tendency is an expression of a change
      in family structure, which until recently conformed to the ideal of the
      nineteenth century bourgeois family. Our own limited investigations show, in
      addition to already well known demographic changes, that in the course of our
      century young children have become more and more limited in their opportunities
      to form strong emotional bonds. Only since then has the dual bond of early
      childhood been recognized as being of primary importance. The family is becoming
      increasingly inadequate. Children are therefore increasingly endangered by the
      death or divorce of their parents. As a result it is essential that better legal
      provision be made to ensure that they are regarded as autonomous individuals.

PMID- 3837560
TI  - [Effect of psychosocial risks on the maturation of EEG background activity in
      early childhood brain-damaged children].
AB  - Age-dependent changes in EEG activity were assessed in a comparison of EEG
      recordings taken from 102 children at the ages of 6 and 10 years. Of the 2-to-13
      cycle-a-second activity recorded from the left occipital region, the fast alpha
      frequencies (10 to 13 cycles a second) showed a significant increase at the
      expense of all slower frequencies. The children were divided into two groups
      according to whether they had been exposed to a small or large number of
      biological risks; in the latter group the extent of the increase in fast alpha
      activity was negatively related to the number of additional psychosocial risks.
      This effect was even more pronounced in the group of brain-damaged children,
      where the smallest age-dependent shift in the EEG frequencies was seen in the
      group with both minimal brain damage and a high psychosocial risk factor. These
      data suggest that the exposure of children with minimal brain damage to multiple
      psychosocial risks may lead to a delay in the maturation of the brain that can be
      detected by neurophysiological methods.

PMID- 3837561
TI  - [Psychodynamic relevance of sibling relations].
AB  - Sibling relations, including the relations of both parents and children with
      their siblings, are of as great importance in assessing the normal or abnormal
      development of a child as in understanding family psychodynamics. Sibling
      interaction is one of the "universals" in a biography; it was even dealt with in
      mythology. Despite numerous studies, there is little conclusive evidence about
      the subjective and psychodynamic significance of birth order. Diagnostic and
      therapeutic assessments must be made with the particular case in mind, which also
      presupposes that investigators take into account resistance they themselves may
      have to the topic of siblings. The author discusses the points that can be of
      importance with regard to siblings.

PMID- 3837562
TI  - [The transsexual syndrome in children and adolescents].

PMID- 3837563
TI  - [Psychotherapy in child guidance clinics].

PMID- 3837564
TI  - [Learning and performance behavior of MCD children with specific partial
      performance weaknesses].
AB  - Twenty-four children with specific learning difficulties and 23 normal children
      were given various problem-solving tasks, and the strategies they used to solve
      the problems were analyzed in terms of information theory. This process-oriented
      analysis showed that the children with learning disabilities could not solve the
      convergent thinking tasks using simultaneous strategies but instead needed
      successive steps. On object-finding tasks they more frequently used a trial-and
      error strategy, which they maintained in task repetition even after interactive
      elaboration of solution-relevant operators (low degree of learning from
      experience).

PMID- 3837565
TI  - [Attention and distractibility in hyperkinetic children. Methods and results of
      research].
AB  - Sustained attention in children was investigated with a new method in which 4
      measures of attention are recorded simultaneously over a period of 30 minutes
      during a self-paced operant task. A preliminary study with 56 normal children
      revealed that performance speed and brief lapses in attention have low validity
      as measures of attention, but errors and especially impulsive reactions have high
      validity. Impulsive behavior is thus characteristic not only for hyperactive
      children but also for normal children with attentional problems in everyday
      situations. The subjects in the main investigation were 12 hyperactive boys aged
      8 to 11 years old. Hyperactivity had to be the major complaint, with the
      diagnosis substantiated by a pediatrician's findings and by a high motor-activity
      score in a teacher's assessment. Twelve normal boys matched for age, IQ and grade
      in school served as control subjects. All children attended regular schools and
      were of normal intelligence. The validity of the selection procedure was
      confirmed by the significantly lower heart rate found in the hyperactive group.
      Attention was assessed for 30 minutes under quiet and distraction conditions. The
      groups differed significantly in number of errors and number of impulsive
      reactions, but only in the absence of distraction. The stress of sustained
      attention for 30 minutes did not increase the differences; on the contrary, they
      decreased. A special type of attentional deficit in hyperactive children could
      not be confirmed. Our results do not support the hypothesis that hyperactive
      children are more distractible, have more frequent brief lapses in attention or
      have a poorer ability to sustain attention than normal children. Rather, they
      suggest that the attentional deficits represent a personality trait.

PMID- 3837566
TI  - [Modified holding therapy. A basic therapy in the treatment of autistic
      children].
AB  - Seven autistic children were selected at random from a group of 14 and treated
      with modified holding therapy (MHT) for 4 weeks. The remaining 7 children
      (control group) were not treated during a 4-week waiting period. Four of these
      children were then treated with MHT. The children's parents assessed positive
      behavior changes (increases in desirable behavior and decreases in undesirable
      behavior) and negative changes on a behavior rating scale. Significantly more
      positive changes in behavior problems were reported for the experimental group
      than for the control group (untreated group) in each of the four symptom
      categories assessed (disturbances in perception, in speech and in social
      interaction and obsessive-compulsive or ritualistic behavior). The 4 children in
      the control group who were later treated with MHT showed behavior changes that
      correlated highly with those reported for the experimental group. The results are
      discussed and interpreted from the viewpoint of the two-system theory of
      information processing and its meaning for psychoses.

PMID- 3837567
TI  - [Epilepsy, anticonvulsive treatment and child psychiatric conspicuousness].
AB  - Seventy-nine children suffering from epileptic seizures who were seen at a clinic
      for child and adolescent psychiatry for behavior disorders were compared with a
      control group from the same clinic matched by age, sex and IQ. Significant
      differences were found between the two groups in the percentages diagnosed as
      having "no psychiatric disorder", "neurotic or emotional disorder" and "specific
      disorder following brain damage". Neither the type nor the frequency of epileptic
      seizures was found to have an influence on the type of psychiatric disturbance.
      Only a small proportion of the children with epilepsy (12%) had psychiatric
      symptoms, which if present were compatible with the diagnosis "organic
      psychosyndrome". No abnormal psychosocial situations were found to be specific
      for epilepsy, but the type of medication (especially barbiturates) had a
      significant influence on the incidence of conduct disorders.

PMID- 3837568
TI  - [Ambulatory treatment of enuretics].
AB  - After discussing some of the problems associated with behavior therapy of
      enuresis we describe a treatment approach we are using at an outpatient clinic
      for child and adolescent psychiatry. We then report on our experience with this
      approach and indicate possible future developments regarding both the theory
      behind this technique and applications.

PMID- 3837569
TI  - [A scale for the assessment of psychiatrically disordered children and
      adolescents].
AB  - A global assessment scale for children and adolescents is presented. The
      reliability and validity of the scale were documented in previous studies. In the
      present study the instrument was used to assess a group of children and
      adolescents seen consecutively at an outpatient psychiatric clinic. Again the
      scale was found to differentiate well among patients with a variety of problems.
      Both mental retardation and low socioeconomic status are associated with low
      scores on the scale. With a cutoff score of 70 most subjects with problems or
      impairments can be differentiated from normal subjects. The scale also reflects
      the need for treatment and gives an indication of the type of therapy needed.
      Furthermore, it can be used to assess changes during therapy.

PMID- 3837570
TI  - [Pleiotropic tics and early disorders of ego development].
AB  - The long-term inpatient psychotherapeutic treatment of a 10-year-old girl with
      pleiotropic tics, aggressive behavior and a conduct disorder is described. The
      symptoms were present in the context of a compulsive-depressive personality
      development. The positive course of treatment is interpreted from a
      psychoanalytic perspective.

PMID- 3837571
TI  - [Combined treatment of autism].
AB  - In this detailed case report we describe the inpatient treatment of an eight-year
      old boy with infantile autism. A multiple modality approach was used that
      included holding therapy as recommended by Prekop (1983), educational therapy and
      lithium treatment. The aim of holding was two-fold: to achieve interpersonal
      contact with the child and to improve his ability to concentrate on learning
      tasks. The educational therapy also served to increase his attention span and,
      later to initiate language acquisition. Lithium treatment resulted in better
      control of behavior and in improvement of mood.

PMID- 3837572
TI  - [Points of reference for home treatment].
AB  - Home treatment has been heralded as a viable alternative to other more
      conventional treatment approaches. It seems to fulfill legal (and ethical)
      requirements in that it imposes relatively few restrictions on the patient.
      Considering that it is clearly in line with contemporary views, e.g. that
      problems are best treated where they occur, and has thus found wide acceptance,
      it is surprising that this type of intervention has so rarely been the treatment
      of choice. Based on a review of the literature and our own experience, we propose
      tentative criteria for successful home treatment with the goal of encouraging its
      use.

PMID- 3837573
TI  - [Thoughts on the assessment of anamnesis].

PMID- 3837574
TI  - [Psychosomatic disorders in children at the start of school: results of
      questionnaire assessment for early detection].
AB  - In a study based on a random sample of children soon to enter first grade a
      questionnaire designed to elicit information on children's health was filled out
      by the parents of 590 children (mean age 5-6 years). The subjects were then
      assigned to mutually exclusive subgroups based on their major current health
      problem or the absence of any problem (control group). Physical, emotional and
      psychosocial risk factors in the history of the subjects and of the control group
      of healthy children were compared. In addition to a general scale of risk factors
      a special subscale for functional disorders and infectious diseases (e.g. colds)
      was developed. The findings on the two scales are discussed with reference to
      developmental factors and the severity and persistence of various disorders.

PMID- 3837575
TI  - [Catamnestic study of the problem of the course and diagnostic changes in 22
      adolescents with affective psychosis].
AB  - Among the adolescents seen as inpatients at the University of Gottingen
      psychiatric hospital in 1972 and 1973, the diagnosis of affective psychosis was
      made about as often as that of a schizophrenic psychosis, both being rare
      compared with the total number of children and adolescents treated. At 10- to 11
      year follow-up it was found that 4 of the 22 patients with affective psychoses
      had committed suicide. Only 3 patients had not required subsequent inpatient
      care. In 2 cases the diagnosis had to be changed to a schizophrenic psychosis,
      and in 1 to exogenous psychosis. The outcome was more favorable with regard to
      the subjects' social and occupational development. Most had been able to complete
      their schooling and to enter their chosen occupation. Only 2 were unemployed.

PMID- 3837576
TI  - [Child psychiatric clientele and treatment with psychotropic drugs by established
      physicians in a rural small town area].
AB  - Questionnaires were sent to 214 country and small town physicians. Most of the
      responding physicians reported that they see and treat a substantial number of
      children with child psychiatric disorders, prescribing psychopharmacological
      agents about 16% of the time. 40 percent said they prescribe such drugs, whereas
      42% said they do not, and 18% expressly rejected such drugs for children.
      Bedwetting, sleep problems, behavior disorders and hyperactivity were the
      problems most frequently treated with drugs, most commonly with neuroleptic
      agents. Parental expectations appear to have had a direct influence on physician
      prescribing behavior: The stronger these expectations, the more often the
      physician prescribed drugs. Physician interest in continuing education courses on
      psychopharmacological treatment was great. The survey results are compared with
      those of a similar study conducted in Hamburg in 1979 and some problems
      associated with drug treatment in child psychiatry discussed.

PMID- 3837577
TI  - [Results and effects of child psychiatric rehabilitation in polymorphic
      ectodermal dysplasia syndrome].
AB  - Since 1929 when ectodermal dysplasia was first mentioned in the literature the
      syndrome has been described in many case studies and genealogical reports. It has
      also been the subject of numerous review articles. The present article gives an
      account of an 8-year old boy who had long been treated under the supposition that
      he was severely mentally retarded. While he was an inpatient at a psychiatric
      facility for children and adolescents it became apparent that he had many
      abilities that had previously gone unnoticed, and it was felt that an intensive
      treatment program might possibly even lead to full rehabilitation. Upon discharge
      3 months later the medical, psychological and social effects of the program were
      still difficult to pinpoint, but a new phase of development had clearly begun. In
      the reassessment of this child a totally different type of personality came to
      light. Because of his outward appearance the boy had till then apparently been
      regarded as being both somatically and mentally handicapped. The new diagnosis of
      a primarily somatic disability and a high level of intelligence therefore opened
      the door to a new developmental process.

PMID- 3837578
TI  - [Stagnation in psychopathology].
AB  - Compared with somatic medicine, there has been very little progress in
      psychopathology since the turn of the century. In an attempt to determine why,
      the author makes a critical assessment of several methods used in psychiatric
      research: the observation and interpretation of behavior, the formulation of
      hypotheses and experimental research. It becomes evident that researchers are
      still usually willing to work with psychological terms that are poorly defined.
      Progress can probably be expected when human behavior is clearly recognized as
      being the result of the interaction of many different types of capabilities.

PMID- 3837579
TI  - [Working map of the lampbrush chromosomes of Cynops orientalis].

PMID- 3837580
TI  - [An experimental model for the study of the aging of neurons: serum-free culture
      of mouse neuroblastoma cells].

PMID- 3837581
TI  - [Malignant transformation of C3H/10T1/2cells induced by 3H-TdR and its chromosome
      analysis].

PMID- 3837582
TI  - [Symposium: Chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 3837583
TI  - [Chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 3837584
TI  - [2d symposium on the classification of pancreatitis. Marseilles, 28-30 March
      1984].

PMID- 3837585
TI  - Subtotal pancreatic head resection combined with left pancreatic duct obstruction
      in chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 3837586
TI  - Surgical treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts.

PMID- 3837587
TI  - [The metabolic outcome of 54 surgical cases of chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 3837588
TI  - Glutathione content in the semen of bulls of the lowland black-white breed.
AB  - Glutathione concentration in the semen was determined in 113 ejaculates obtained
      from 30 bulls of the lowland black-white breed. The quantitative and
      morphological characteristics of the studied sperm samples indicated considerable
      individual differences but always within normal range. Glutathione content was
      determined in the plasma and in isolated spermatozoa by the method of Saville
      (Analyst, 1958, 83, 670). A high glutathione level in the spermatozoa (31 nmols
      in 10(9) cells) and in plasma (28.8 microM) was found. A positive correlation was
      demonstrated (p less than 0.05) between the level of the peptide in plasma and
      its level in spermatozoa. It was found that the glutathione level in spermatozoa
      was higher in the ejaculates with the cell count below the average level.

PMID- 3837590
TI  - Effect of selective attention on somatosensory evoked potentials in healthy
      people.
AB  - The effect of selective attention on various waves of the somatosensory evoked
      potentials was studied in healthy people in the area of specific projection
      (sensorimotor) and the area of non-specific projection (occipital). Significant
      changes of the amplitude of waves with latency exceeding 55 msec were observed
      when attention was concentrated on the received stimulus (I and II group of
      subjects). In group I the process of attention concentration was associated with
      a phenomenon connected with the new yet unknown experimental situation
      (prevalence of amplitude increase), while in group II habituation was observed
      (prevailing amplitude fall). Waves M125 and N200 in the sensorimotor area and
      N200 and N235-255 in the occipital area seemed to be associated in a peculiar way
      with the process of attention concentration.

PMID- 3837589
TI  - The effect of certain anions on muscle resting potential in Tenebrio molitor.
AB  - Experiments were carried out on longitudinal ventral muscles of the mealworm
      larva (Tenebrio molitor) using conventional microelectrode methods. Both sodium
      nitrate and sodium sulphate depolarized the fibres markedly, whereas sodium
      propionate exerted an hyperpolarizing influence. It is concluded that the
      differences in the mode of action are due to different permeabilities of the
      membrane to the applied anions. The results obtained confirm also the concept of
      a multi-ionic electrode with respect to insect muscle fibres.

PMID- 3837591
TI  - The mechanism of large, excitation-dependent influx of 45Ca in the guinea-pig
      ventricular myocardium.
AB  - In the previous papers (Lewartowski et al. 1982; Pytkowski et al. 1983) we found
      that excitation-dependent uptake of 45Ca (EDU) ranges in the vascularly perfused
      guinea-pig ventricular myocardium from 40-359 mumol/kg of wet weight per single
      steady-state beat or post-rest beat. The present paper describes an attempt to
      find whether slow calcium channel or Na/Ca exchange provides the route of this
      large 45Ca influx. We found that EDU during steady-state stimulation (60/min) was
      completely blocked by both D-600 (1 mg/l) and Ni (2 mmol/l) whereas EDU in post
      rest beats was blocked only by Ni. Low Na+ perfusion (50 mmol/l) increased
      transiently EDU in steady-state beats. This surplus EDU was not blocked by D-600
      nor by Ni. Noradrenaline infused at the rate sufficient to increase contractile
      force by 50% at least doubled EDU both in the steady-state and in post-rest
      beats. It is proposed that Na/Ca exchange does not participate significantly to
      EDU under physiological conditions. The changes in this uptake evoked by the
      applied interventions could be expected if its route was provided by the slow Ca
      channel.

PMID- 3837592
TI  - The effects of acetylcholine and catecholamines on post-rest phenomena in rabbit
      and guinea-pig atria and on accompanying shifts of 45Ca in guinea-pig atrial
      muscle.
AB  - We studied the pattern of post-rest activation and shifts of 45Ca in the isolated
      mammalian atrial muscle. The first contraction evoked in the rabbit and guinea
      pig atrial muscle after 10 min rest was several times stronger than the steady
      state beats at a rate of 60/min. Contractile force (CF) declined to 20-50% of
      control during the next 1-3 beats and recovered to the pre-rest level upon
      subsequent stimulation. The post-rest beats were negligibly affected by
      noradrenaline (NA), isoproterenol (IS) acetylcholine (ACh), carbachol (CCh) and
      Ni, whereas the steady-state beats were readily affected by all these drugs or
      ions. Post-rest potentiation was completely inhibited by caffeine in a
      concentration of 10 mM. The guinea-pig atria, equilibrated for 60 min in 45Ca
      containing solution and stimulated at a rate of 60/min, contained 4.47 +/- 0.16
      mmol 45Ca/kg wet weight (w.w.). Ten min of rest resulted in a drop of this
      content to 3.52 +/- 0.13 mmol/kg w.w. despite the continued presence of 45Ca in
      the superfusing solution. Three initial post-rest beats resulted in further drop
      of the content of 45Ca to 2.62 +/- 0.14 mmol/kg w.w. Continued post-rest
      stimulation resulted in a recovery of the pre-rest 45Ca content. This recovery
      was inhibited by ACh and CCh. Both drugs inhibited 45Ca loss during the initial 3
      beats. Neither this loss nor recovery were affected by IS. It is concluded that
      calcium (Ca) fraction described in the previous papers [11, 15] as Ca2 in the
      guinea-pig ventricular muscle plays an important role in the force-frequency
      relations also in the atrial muscle. However, unlike in ventricular muscle only
      about half of it is released from the cells upon rest whereas the remaining Ca is
      taken up by the release compartment and used to activate the strong post-rest
      contraction. It is thereafter extruded from the cells which results in severe
      depletion of intracellular Ca stores. Fraction Ca2 is re-accumulated during the
      post-rest stimulation resulting in recovery of the contractile force.

PMID- 3837593
TI  - The role of gastric mechanoreceptor function in the regulation of behaviour
      patterns induced with thirst or hunger in rats.
AB  - In the experiments carried out on 94 rats the role of the function of gastric
      mechanoreceptors in the regulation of food and water intake was studied. We tried
      to assess whether this mechanoreception could serve as reinforcement in the
      induction of an instrumental feeding reflex. Distension of the stomach with a
      balloon inhibited significantly food intake in free consumption as well as in the
      instrumental reflex. On the other hand, no such effect was observed on water
      intake. The trial of development of an instrumental food reflex reinforced with
      stomach distension gave a negative result. The obtained results are explained as
      due to an ontogenetically fixed specific mode of food and water intake, and a
      modified concept of reduction-drive of reinforcement as proposed by Konorski is
      tentatively suggested for this explanation.

PMID- 3837594
TI  - Effects of gonadectomy and sex hormones on the levels of noradrenaline and
      dopamine in rat hypothalamus.
AB  - The levels of noradrenaline and dopamine were determined in the homogenates of
      the hypothalamus of rats of either sex. The determinations were done in intact
      rats, after sham gonadectomy, 6 and 9 weeks after gonadectomy, and in
      gonadectomized rats receiving 6 weeks after gonadectomy one dose of oestradiol
      cypionate (females) or testosterone cypionate (males). Catecholamines were
      determined fluorimetrically. The changes of the determined catecholamines
      differed in the hypothalamic homogenates in males and females after gonadectomy.
      Following orchidectomy the noradrenaline level rose, while after ovariectomy the
      level of this catecholamine decreased. Contrary to this, in ovariectomized rats
      the dopamine level was significantly raised after the operation. This change was
      reversible as observed after administration of oestradiol cypionate. Orchidectomy
      and testosterone cypionate injection had no effect on the dopamine level in the
      hypothalamus. The role of these catecholamines in the processes connected with
      the regulation of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-gonad axis is discussed.

PMID- 3837595
TI  - Progressive enhancement of body temperature responses to consecutive exercise
      bouts of the same intensity in dogs.
AB  - Progressive enhancement of body temperature responses to consecutive exercise
      bouts of the same intensity in dogs. Acta physiol. pol., 1985, 36 (3): 165-174.
      Changes in rectal (Tre), muscle (Tm), and hypothalamic (Thy) temperatures, plasma
      osmolality, and some intermediary metabolic variables were examined in dogs
      performing four successive exercise-bouts of the same intensity. During the rest
      intervals separating the exercise-bouts body temperatures returned to initial
      levels and water losses were replaced. Tm and Tre responses to consecutive
      exercise-bouts were progressively increasing. Similar tendency was found in Thy
      changes. Cardiac and respiratory frequencies attained the same levels in all four
      exercise-bouts, while blood lactate and FFA concentrations were increasing and
      blood glucose level was decreasing progressively. No changes in plasma osmolality
      was noted. Exercise-induced increases in Tm correlated positively with plasma FFA
      concentration (r = 0.68). Body temperature responses to exercise were reduced by
      beta-adrenergic blockade. It is concluded that the enhancement of the thermal
      responses to consecutive exercise-bouts can be related to the metabolic action of
      catecholamines.

PMID- 3837596
TI  - Relationship between postextrasystolic potentiation and slow-phase force
      frequency response in guinea-pig ventricular myocardium.
AB  - Relationship between postextrasystolic potentiation and slow-phase force
      frequency response in guinea-pig ventricular myocardium. Acta physiol. pol. 1985,
      36 (2): 175-184. We investigated relationship between postextrasystolic
      potentiation (PESP) and a form of slow-phase force-frequency relation, namely the
      post-rest recovery of contractile force (CF). We found that although the degree
      of post-rest recovery of CF determines CF of the potentiated beats, PESP does not
      affect the time-course of post-rest recovery, even if it is sustained by means of
      paired stimulation. Moreover, PESP may be completely or almost completely
      inhibited by caffeine in 10 mmolar concentration, whereas post-rest recovery is
      not significantly affected by this drug. We conclude, that PESP and slow force
      frequency relations are based on separate cellular mechanisms.

PMID- 3837597
TI  - Effect of age on creatine, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the skeletal
      muscles of cockerels.
AB  - Effect of age on creatine, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the skeletal
      muscles of cockerels. Acta physiol. pol., 1985, 36 (3): 201-207. In the studied
      life period from the age of 1 to 7 weeks the concentration of nitrogen increased
      in the muscles and that of phosphorus decreased. The relation between creatine
      concentration and the share of creatine nitrogen in the total nitrogen pool in
      the muscles, on the one hand, and the age, on the other hand, was curvilinear;
      the highest values were observed in cockerels aged 3 weeks. No significant
      differences were demonstrated in the concentrations of these components between
      the superficial pectoralis muscle and the deep pectoralis muscle. In the muscles
      of legs the concentrations of creatine, nitrogen and phosphorus were lower than
      in pectoralis muscles.

PMID- 3837598
TI  - Changes of creatine concentration during development of chick embryo.
AB  - Changes of creatine concentration during development of chick embryo. Acta
      physiol. pol., 1985, 36 (3): 208-215. Investigations were carried out on embryos
      of Star Cross chicken after 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 days of incubation.
      It was found that the concentration of total creatine increased from 0.18 to 0.67
      mg/g of embryo weight. The increase of creatine concentration at the time of
      development of the embryo was proportional to the increase in nitrogen
      concentration, and the share of creatine nitrogen in the pool of total nitrogen
      was about 1% throughout the whole period of embryonal development and during the
      first two days after hatching. The amount of creatine in fresh egg and in the
      yolk sac of the newly hatched chicken was about 1.5 mg. It was estimated that
      chick embryos during their development synthesized, on the average, 18 mg (6
      mMol) of creatine. The course of changes in creatine concentration in the
      developing chick embryo is very similar to the course of changes in the rate of
      heat production.

PMID- 3837599
TI  - Determination of conduction times of the peripheral and central parts of the
      sensory pathway using evoked somatosensory potentials.
AB  - Determination of conduction times of the peripheral and central parts of the
      sensory pathway using evoked somatosensory potentials. Acta physiol. pol., 1985,
      36 (3): 216-223. Simultaneous recording of the somatosensory evoked potentials
      (SEP) from Erb's point, neck and scalp allows investigation of the peripheral and
      central conduction times. The early components of the SEP produced by stimulation
      of the median nerve at the wrist were recorded using standardized electrode
      locations in 15 normal subjects. The difference of the latencies between the
      first peak of the cortical response (N20) and the peak of the neck response (N14)
      reflects, probably, the conduction time between the dorsal column nuclei and the
      cortex. Its value was 6 +/- 0.7 msec. The conduction time difference (between
      peak Erb's point response (N9) and N14) was 5.5 +/- 0.5 msec and it reflected the
      peripheral conduction time. For diagnostic application the lower limit of the
      response amplitudes was determined also for every component.

PMID- 3837600
TI  - Sleep pattern in the starling (Sturnus vulgaris).
AB  - Electrographic and behavioural observations were conducted on two male and two
      female captive starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) under natural illumination conditions
      during autumn. Polygraphically sleep and wakefulness of starling were similar to
      those of other birds. Starling's total sleep (TS) and slow wave sleep (SWS)
      lasted 39.0 +/- 1.4% and 38.3 +/- 1.7% of the 24-h period respectively.
      Paradoxical sleep (PS) was 1.8 +/- 0.2% of the total sleep time. The mean
      durations individual of TS, SWS and PS episodes were 6.8 +/- 0.2 min, 5.0 +/- 1.0
      min and 18 +/- 3 s respectively. The daily percentage of SWS was correlated with
      the mean episode duration while that of PS was correlated with the number of
      episodes rather than with the mean episode duration. Starling females spent in
      sleep a greater percentage of the 24-h period than males.

PMID- 3837601
TI  - The neurohypophyseal vasopressin content under conditions of inhibited synthesis
      of prostaglandins in euhydrated and dehydrated rats.
AB  - Rats euhydrated or dehydrated up to eight days were given intraperitoneally
      indomethacin (IM) twice daily in a dose of 0.2 mg/100 g of initial body weight. A
      single dose of IM injected to euhydrated animals did not affect the
      neurohypophyseal vasopressor activity; however, when administered repeatedly
      during four or eight days, IM increased significantly the neurohypophyseal
      vasopressor activity. Under conditions of severe dehydration (eight days of water
      deprivation) the known depletion of neurohypophyseal vasopressin store was not
      significantly affected by indomethacin. It is, therefore, suggested that impulses
      of osmoreceptor origin are of distinct importance in determining the function of
      vasopressinergic neurons under conditions of inhibited prostaglandin synthesis.

PMID- 3837602
TI  - Estimation of changes in renal tissue electrolytes from measurements of
      electrical admittance: application in the rat.
AB  - Alterations of cortico-papillary electrolyte gradient of the kidney can now be
      evaluated by continuous recording of tissue electrical admittance (a reciprocal
      of impedance), a variable changing directly with tissue concentration of free
      ions. Measurements are performed with needle electrodes placed in different zones
      of the in situ kidney, and it is then possible to follow the dynamics of changes
      in medullary electrolyte concentration. This approach, described recently from
      our laboratory, has so far been used in large animal species (dogs and rabbits).
      The present work describes an adaptation of the method for its use in the rat,
      accomplished by reducing the number and size of electrodes and a modification of
      their geometry. This satisfactorily minimized kidney damage secondary to
      insertion of electrodes. The information derived from admittance studies in the
      rat can be readily compared with numerous data on tubular transport of
      electrolytes obtained in this animal species.

PMID- 3837603
TI  - ATP and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate changes in the erythrocytes of hyperammonaemic
      sheep.
AB  - The experiment was conducted on sheep receiving NH4Cl infusions into v.
      mesentericta anterior. During first 3 h animals received ammonia in a dose of 13
      mumol X min-1 X kg body wt.-1 and then next 3 h in a dose of 30 mumol X min-1 X
      kg body wt.-1. When ammonia was administered in smaller doses its concentration
      increased to 0.65 and 0.22 mmol/l in portal and peripheral blood, respectively.
      Simultaneous slight increase of ATP and marked of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3
      DPG) was observed. These effects of moderate ammonia loading are probably caused
      by the rise of glucose utilization in erythrocytes. Ammonia given in a higher
      dose induced further rise of its concentration to 1.1 and 0.51 mmol/l in portal
      and peripheral blood, respectively. Such NH4Cl infusion caused a further rise of
      2,3-DPG concentration connected with the drop of ATP level in ovine red blood
      cells. It seems that a decrease of ATP level was mainly the result of local high
      2,3-DPG level which inhibits glycolytic enzymes.

PMID- 3837604
TI  - The effect of prostaglandins E1, E2, F1 alpha and F2 alpha on pig erythrocytes
      during haemolysis induced with aspirin and hypotonic NaCl solution.
AB  - The effect of prostaglandins PGE1, PGE2, PGF1 alpha and PGF2 alpha was
      investigated on the haemolysis of pig erythrocytes induced with aspirin and
      hypotonic (0.119 M) NaCl solution. An inhibiting effect was observed of low
      concentrations (2 X 10(-5) M, 2 X 10(-4) M and 2 X 10(-3) M) of aspirin on
      haemolysis induced with hypotonic NaCl solution, while in a concentration of 2 X
      10(-2) M aspirin itself caused haemolysis which amounted to 93% of the haemolysis
      induced with 0.041 M NaCl solution. No differences were observed in the degree of
      haemolysis inhibition in relation to the time of incubation of erythrocytes with
      aspirin. Aspirin concentrations from 0.035 M to 0.280 M caused slight haemolysis
      (9-15% of the haemolysis induced with water), the 0.560 M solution caused
      haemolysis corresponding to 85% of the water-induced haemolysis. None of the
      studied prostaglandins used in concentrations of 0.4 X 10(-3) M, 0.4 X 10(-4) M
      and 0.4 X 10(-5) M had any significant effect on aspirin-induced haemolysis. PGE1
      and PGE2 in concentrations of 0.4 X 10(-3) M, 0.4 X 10(-4) M and 0.4 X 10(-5) M
      inhibited haemolysis induced with 0.119 M sodium chloride solution, and the
      degree of haemolysis inhibition was from 8% to 35%. Prostaglandins PGF1 alpha and
      PGF2 alpha in the same concentrations had no protective effect.

PMID- 3837605
TI  - Glutathione concentration and peptidase activity in the lens after exposure to
      microwaves.
AB  - This study was undertaken for observation of early changes in glutathione
      concentration and the activity of carboxypeptidase A and aminopeptidase in the
      cortex and core of the lens as well as for determination of the cumulating effect
      of microwave energy after repeated exposures to microwaves. Experiments were
      carried out on New Zealand rabbits. The control group was compared to
      experimental groups exposed every day for 5 minutes to microwave irradiation of
      the eyeballs at power densities of 5 X 10(-3) W/cm2 and 10 X 10(-3) W/cm2 during
      10, 20 and 30 days. Differences were found between the control group and the
      groups of animals exposed to microwaves in which the glutathione concentration in
      the cortex and core of the lens was decreasing with time in proportion to the
      number of exposures. Parallelly to the number of days of exposure to microwaves
      the enzymatic activity of carboxypeptidase A and aminopeptidase increased in the
      cortex of the lens. The observed changes demonstrate cumulation of the absorbed
      microwave energy leading to changes in the permeability of the capsule and
      membranes of lenticular fibres which lead to secondary metabolic disturbances in
      the lens of the eye.

PMID- 3837606
TI  - Assessment of the character and incidence of electrocardiographic changes in
      children with simple obesity.
AB  - The studied group comprised 82 children with simple obesity. In the group the
      character and frequency of ECG changes in 12 conventional leads were analyzed. A
      correlation was established between the character and frequency of these changes
      and the degree of overweight and obesity duration. In children with simple
      obesity a considerable prevalence was observed of disturbances of sinus rhythm,
      impairment of intraventricular conduction and signs of left ventricular
      hypertrophy. The observed changes were more frequent in children with over 5
      years of obesity duration. No correlation was demonstrated between the incidence
      of these changes and the degree of overweight.

PMID- 3837607
TI  - The effect of chronic administration of angravid on the guinea pig liver--some
      functional and morphological aspects.

PMID- 3837608
TI  - Mineralization of bone tissue in chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3837609
TI  - Five-year prospective study of peripheral white blood cells in infectious
      mononucleosis.

PMID- 3837610
TI  - Effect of cyclic nucleotides on apomorphine stereotypy and chlorpromazine
      catalepsy in mice.

PMID- 3837611
TI  - Behaviour of rats and brain biochemical changes under the effect of kainic acid,
      dopamine, nicotine and muscarine administered into the caudate nuclei.

PMID- 3837612
TI  - Fractionation of castor bean allergens (CB-1A). Isolation of RC-13, a homogeneous
      allergenic fraction.
AB  - Allergens from castor beans (CB-1A) were fractionated by ion-exchange
      chromatography both on CM- and SP-Sephadex, employing pH gradient. SP-Sephadex
      showed better results and fractionated the allergens into 7 components, eluted in
      a narrow pH range (5.0 - 6.6). An attempt to isolate the major acidic fraction of
      the group involved successive chromatographic steps on the same gel. RC-13, the
      isolated fraction, proved homogeneous by rechromatography on SP-Sephadex and
      isolectric focusing with pH range 3.0 - 10.0 polyacrylamide gel. The pl of RC-13
      determined by the latter is approximately 4.2 and allergenic activity was
      demonstrated by heterologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice using anti-CB
      1A rabbit serum.

PMID- 3837614
TI  - [Latero-cervical tumefactions. Considerations of differential diagnosis and
      surgical therapy].

PMID- 3837613
TI  - Kinetic study of hemoglobin Porto Alegre [beta 9(A6)Ser----Cys] disulfide polymer
      reduction.
AB  - The cleavage of HbPA disulfide polymer by GSH and its indirect cleavage by yeast
      glutathione reductase, via reduced glutathione is obtained. Decreasing the
      initial proportion of GSH in the hemolysate increases the formation of HbPA
      disulfide polymer. In the experimental conditions used, yeast glutathione
      reductase is unable to perform the direct cleavage of the mixed disulfide of HbPA
      and GSH, using it as substrate. The reduction of HbPA polymer to tetramers by DTE
      is analyzed by a pseudo-first-order kinetic and two rate constants are obtained.
      That of 265 X 10(-3) min-1 should be concerned with one disulfide of the closed
      ring and one of the open ring structure of dodecamer, while that of 38 X 10(-3)
      min-1 is related to disulfide reduction of the octamer. The enthalpy of
      activation values of 8.0 kcal.mol-1 an 17.4 kcal.mol-1 obtained, from the
      Arrhenius plot, for the "fast" and "slow" rate disulfide reduction, respectively,
      are indicative that a strong conformational strain of S--S bonds in the closed
      ring structure is maintained. The entropy of activation values of 24 e.u. and 52
      e.u. are found for the activation of disulfides from dodecamers and octamers,
      respectively.

PMID- 3837615
TI  - [Mechanical and antimicrobial preparation of the colon for resection operations.
      Modern aspects].

PMID- 3837616
TI  - [Surgical treatment of neoplasms of the bile ducts in the light of endoscopic
      retrograde cholangiopancreatography].

PMID- 3837617
TI  - [The significance of skin tests in the surgical patient].

PMID- 3837618
TI  - [Bacterial contamination of colonic sutures. Experimental study in the rabbit].

PMID- 3837619
TI  - [Detection and determination of antioxidants in plastic materials with a
      polyolefin base].

PMID- 3837621
TI  - [Gloriosa superba L. and the production of colchicinic substances].

PMID- 3837620
TI  - [Chronobiologic aspects of the effect of methotrexate on dihydrofolate
      reductase].

PMID- 3837622
TI  - [Plants from New Caledonia. Alkaloids from Melodinus insulae-pinorum Boiteau].

PMID- 3837623
TI  - [Radiosensitizing properties of an analog of azathioprine].

PMID- 3837624
TI  - [Permanganate oxidation of ethylbenzene in the presence of quaternary ammonium].

PMID- 3837625
TI  - [Interaction of disinfectants with cleansing products].

PMID- 3837626
TI  - [The mugwort: Artemisia vulgaris L. and Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte].

PMID- 3837627
TI  - [The anti-platelet aggregation action of asymmetric triazines].

PMID- 3837628
TI  - [5th French Congress of Endocrinology. Bordeaux, 3-5 October 1985].

PMID- 3837629
TI  - [Update on anorexia nervosa].
AB  - Anorexia nervosa is an adolescent pathology of the present. Its frequency is
      increasing in the western countries. New data concerning the criteria of
      diagnosis, the evolution, the prognosis, the psychopathology and the treatment
      have been drawn of numerous recent studies and are exposed in the paper.

PMID- 3837631
TI  - [Symposium: Pathology and physiology of growth].

PMID- 3837630
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. New tool for investigating cellular
      metabolism in living systems].
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is increasingly used to study cellular
      metabolism in a manner respecting cell integrity. The contribution of phosphorus
      31 and carbon-13 NMR is discussed and illustrated by specific examples taken from
      work carried out in this laboratory or from the literature. A particular emphasis
      is layed on metabolite identification, quantitation and fluxes as studied by
      phosphorus-31 NMR which provides a direct insight of energy metabolism. The
      analysis of perfused rat liver by natural abundance carbon-13 NMR illustrates the
      potential of the method of study non-invasively lipid and carbohydrate metabolism
      in living systems. The use of carbon-13 enriched substrates to pinpoint a
      specific pathway of the intermediary metabolism is described in the case of
      excised rat heart and liver perfused with (2-C13)-acetate. Clinical applications
      of NMR spectroscopy are rapidly reviewed.

PMID- 3837632
TI  - [Symposium: Mid- and long-term results of selective pituitary adenectomy].

PMID- 3837633
TI  - [Symposium: New markers in hormone-dependent cancers].

PMID- 3837634
TI  - [Symposium: Use of stable isotopes in human biology].

PMID- 3837635
TI  - [Complications of argon laser treatment of posterior segment disorders].

PMID- 3837636
TI  - [Advantages and disadvantages of various lasers].

PMID- 3837637
TI  - [The nontherapeutic use of lasers].

PMID- 3837638
TI  - [The future of implanted eyes].

PMID- 3837639
TI  - [Vitrectomy in retinal detachment].

PMID- 3837640
TI  - [Posture and vision (review)].

PMID- 3837641
TI  - [Current practical perimetry].

PMID- 3837642
TI  - [Lasers in peripheral retinal degeneration].

PMID- 3837643
TI  - [Vitreoretinal strategy in perforating injuries of the posterior segment].

PMID- 3837644
TI  - [Refractive corneal surgery].

PMID- 3837645
TI  - [Retinal vein occlusion and lasers].

PMID- 3837646
TI  - [Retinoschisis and lasers].

PMID- 3837647
TI  - Characteristics of the tonic stretch reflex in spastic spinal cord and head
      injured patients.
AB  - Spasticity is a known sequelae of spinal cord injury and head injury. We sought
      to examine whether there were any significant differences in the characteristics
      or underlying mechanisms of spasticity in these two groups in the chronic period
      which may be related to the level of injury of the neuraxis. The response to
      vibration applied to the muscle, or the tonic vibratory reflex, has been shown to
      be related to the degree of spasticity, and was therefore studied along with
      phasic reflexes and passive movements. These studies were carried out on
      cooperative, stabilized patients who were otherwise healthy, 5 with head
      injuries, and 5 with spinal cord injuries. The patients were examined in a supine
      position while surface EMG recordings were made of quadriceps and triceps surae
      muscles bilaterally. Tendon jerk responses, passive and volitional movements, and
      responses to a powerful vibratory stimulator were measured. In both head injury
      and spinal cord injury patient groups, a large EMG response was elicited by
      passive maneuvers, and tendon jerks were exaggerated. The tonic vibratory
      response, previously shown to be dependent upon brain influence, was present in
      both groups. These observations suggest that similar suprasegmental mechanisms
      may be responsible for hypertonia in both head-injured and spinal cord-injured
      patients.

PMID- 3837648
TI  - The spread of somatosensory-evoked potentials within the nervous system.
AB  - Four thalamic and cortical recordings were carried out in 5 patients. The
      thalamic-evoked potentials were typical and revealed a triphasic complex, but
      their latencies showed a relatively high standard deviation. They could be
      divided into two groups according to their latencies, both of which had low SD.
      These data suggested that there could be two types of latency of thalamic SEP,
      because the 4 patients' body sizes were very similar. More detailed surface,
      cortical and depth recordings are needed to resolve these questions.

PMID- 3837649
TI  - A method for bulbospinal trigeminal nucleotomy in the treatment of facial
      deafferentation pain.
AB  - Many types of facial pain are difficult to treat, such as postherpetic,
      posttraumatic, or pain following denervation procedures used in the treatment of
      trigeminal neuralgia (anesthesia dolorosa), all of which involve deafferentation
      of the spinal trigeminal nucleus.

PMID- 3837650
TI  - Plastic change of thalamic organization in patients with tremor after stroke.
AB  - Thirteen patients with tremor after stroke were treated by stereotactic
      thalamotomy. Prior to making therapeutic lesions, microrecordings were tried and
      the findings were compared with our own results obtained in Parkinson's disease.
      Several characteristic features were revealed in terms of changes in electrical
      activity in and around the thalamic Vim nucleus. These findings support the idea
      that reorganization of the thalamic sensory nuclei might take place.

PMID- 3837651
TI  - Cell sparse zones in the ventrolateral thalamic mass in humans, monkeys and cats:
      their special reference to kinesthetic neurons.
AB  - The Vim nucleus of the human thalamus is the cell sparse zone. The neurons in
      this zone respond to peripheral stimuli of kinesthetic modality with a short
      latency. In the cytometrical study, the cell sparse zone is identifiable in both
      the monkey and cat thalamus. The cell dimension and density in a 1 mm2 area in
      the cell sparse zone of each species are as follows: humans--large neuron 500-900
      microns2, medium neuron 200-400 microns2, cell density 60-90/mm2/50 microns
      thickness; monkeys--large neuron 400-800 microns2, medium neuron 200-400
      microns2, cell density 120-250/mm2/50 microns thickness; cats--large neuron 400
      800 microns2, medium neuron 200-400 microns2, cell density 120-250/mm2/50 microns
      thickness. In this zone, there are large and medium thalamocortical relay neurons
      defined by the Golgi impregnated and HRP studies. It is still obscure which
      neurons respond to kinesthetic stimulation and which neurons or afferent fibers
      play important roles in the tremor mechanism.

PMID- 3837652
TI  - Foramen ovale electrodes: a new technique enabling presurgical evaluation of
      patients with mesiobasal temporal lobe seizures.
AB  - A recently developed technique to record from the mesiobasal aspect of the
      temporal lobes by subdural electrodes inserted through the foramen ovale is
      described. Experience with this technique in 13 candidates for surgical epilepsy
      therapy is presented. Our results indicate that interictal epileptiform
      potentials as well as ictal discharges are reliably picked up by the foramen
      ovale electrode whenever nucleus amygdallae, hippocampus and parahippocampal
      gyrus show synchronous epileptic activity. The advantages of this technique are
      discussed.

PMID- 3837654
TI  - [28th annual meeting of the Sociedad de Biologia de Chile. Abstracts].

PMID- 3837653
TI  - Microsurgical selective procedures in peripheral nerves and the posterior root
      spinal cord junction for spasticity.
AB  - This review deals with the long-term results of selective peripheral neurotomy
      (SPN) of the tibial nerve and selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR) in 123 cases of
      severe spastic syndromes in the limbs. The microtechniques and preoperative
      electrostimulation for identification of the nervous structures responsible for
      the spastic components give to these methods an advantage of a substantial
      reduction of the harmful spasticity, without suppressing the useful muscle tone
      and impairing the residual motor and sensory functions. The results were
      effective, with a 1- to 13-year follow-up, in 89% of 47 SPN of the tibial nerve
      for spastic foot, in 92% of 53 SPR for paraplegia and in 87% of 23 SPR for
      hemiplegia.

PMID- 3837655
TI  - [Use of transhepatic drainage in repair of the main bile duct].
AB  - The transhepatic intubation to treat and minimize recurrent stricture after
      hepaticojejunostomy is analysed. This method was used in seven patients. Three of
      them had a malignant biliary stricture and four had bile duct injury during
      cholecystectomy. In four occasions the reconstruction of right and left hepatic
      ducts were done separately. In two the anastomosis with the jejunum was performed
      with the left hepatic duct and ducts of medial and lateral segments of right
      hepatic lobe and in two hepaticojejunostomy was performed. The transhepatic tube
      was maintained for three to ten months. The patients with malignant disease died
      after ten days, 35 days and nine months. In the four patients with benign
      disease, two had an excellent response. One did not and in one the follow up is
      short to assess the final result. The advantages and disadvantages of
      transhepatic intubation are discussed.

PMID- 3837656
TI  - [Isoniazid acetylation in Gilbert's syndrome].
AB  - Phenotyping of isoniazid acetylators in 19 Caucasoid patients with Gilbert's
      syndrome was achieved by evaluating the percentual of acetylisoniazid in the
      urine. The proportion of slow acetylators among the patients with Gilbert's
      syndrome was similar to those found among Caucasoids of control group. The
      conclusion was that Gilbert's syndrome doesn't interfere in the hepatic capacity
      of isoniazid acetylation.

PMID- 3837657
TI  - [Spontaneous perforation of the cecum without colonic obstruction. Report of 3
      cases].
AB  - Spontaneous perforation of the colon without obstruction is related to intestinal
      and extra intestinal diseases, mainly gynecological procedures. Its etiology is
      unknown, and there are many theories. Because of its diagnosis peculiarities, as
      well as its rarity, and mainly the severity of the disease, the authors describe
      three cases, relating the necessity of early diagnosis and correct surgical
      treatment.

PMID- 3837658
TI  - [Articular manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease].
AB  - A review of articular manifestations of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is
      presented. The concept of seronegative spondyloarthropathies is examined. The
      differences between the form, compromising only the appendiculary skeleton, whose
      articular manifestations have a correlation with disease activity and, with the
      form, compromising the axial skeleton, mimetizing ankylosing spondylitis in which
      articular manifestations have their course independent of intestinal activity.
      The treatment of articular manifestation, with special emphasis to the importance
      of physiotherapy in the treatment of axial skeleton alterations is discussed.

PMID- 3837659
TI  - [Experimental dilatation of the cecum and colon in rats. II. Reversion after
      induction by the continuous administration of lactose].
AB  - Fifty female Wistar weanling rats were fed a laboratory diet containing lactose
      (25 g/100 g of the final mixture) during 28 days. Following this period the
      lactose was substituted isocalorically by saccharose (25 g/100 g of the final
      mixture) and the diet given to the animals for 21 days. Thirty control rats of
      the same sex and weight received a laboratory diet containing saccharose (25
      g/100 g of diet) during 49 days. The animals were weighed weekly. Subgroups of
      experimental and control rats were sacrificed at days 28, 30, 32, 35, 42 and 49.
      Rats given a diet containing lactose showed restriction of body weight gain. Upon
      rehabilitation the body weight of these animals increased rapidly. The external
      volume of the cecum and colon showed a significant increase during the 28-day
      period. After nutritional rehabilitation this change reduced gradually, beginning
      in the first week. Although the weight of the cecum reduced gradually during the
      rehabilitation period, the values were slightly augmented at day 49 as compared
      to controls. In conclusion, in the conditions of the present study, the
      consequences on the cecum and colon of adding lactose to the diet of rats are not
      persistent.

PMID- 3837660
TI  - [Intestinal absorption of fats in children using serum turbidity and triglyceride
      absorption tests].
AB  - Intestinal fat absorption was studied, using serum turbidity and serum
      triglyceride levels, which were determined before and after a test meal of 2 g
      neutral fat per kg b.w. in 33 children: 25 controls, four with cystic fibrosis,
      and four with celiac disease. The results proved that the easy-to-perform serum
      turbidity test was superior to the triglyceride absorption test in characterizing
      fat digestion and absorption. The most substantial increase in both tests
      occurred about three hours after the oral fat load.

PMID- 3837661
TI  - [Clinical conference at the Brazilian Institute for Study and Research in
      Gastroenterology].

PMID- 3837662
TI  - Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale in Dhaka city.

PMID- 3837663
TI  - Gilbert's syndrome--report of six cases.

PMID- 3837664
TI  - Prevalence of caries in urban children and its relation to feeding pattern.

PMID- 3837665
TI  - Incidence of hookworm among the workers in tea garden.

PMID- 3837666
TI  - Lipoprotein pattern in diabetics of Bangladesh.

PMID- 3837668
TI  - Combined hyperthermia and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum in BD IX rats with
      transplanted BT4A tumours.
AB  - Effects on tumours and toxicity of locally applied waterbath hyperthermia (44
      degrees C, 60 min) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cis-DDP) were investigated
      in BD IX rats with transplanted BT4A tumours on the hind foot. The effect of cis
      DDP at doses of 2, 3 and 4 mg/kg measured as tumour growth time, defined as time
      to reach five times the tumour volume at treatment, increased in a drug dose
      dependent manner by using hyperthermia. Moderate systemic hyperthermia at a mean
      of 41 degrees C during the second half of the treatment also increased the tumour
      regrowth delay of cis-DDP. Skin reactions after local hyperthermia did not
      increase in this cis-DDP dose range, but systemic toxicity of the drug was
      markedly enhanced by hyperthermia. At histological evaluation, hyperthermia at 44
      degrees C resulted in marked vasodilatation, red blood cell pooling and
      haemolysis, with a seemingly almost complete central tumour perfusion shutdown
      lasting up to five days after treatment. The combination of cis-DDP and
      hyperthermia resulted in additional cell death especially at the tumour periphery
      and at depth near the tendon and muscle. This in vivo study confirms in vitro
      data indicating cis-DDP as a candidate for clinical trials combined with
      hyperthermia. As both the tumour and systemic side effects of cis-DDP are
      enhanced by hyperthermia, caution is advocated when applying high drug doses with
      systemic hyperthermia.

PMID- 3837667
TI  - Carnitine prevents the early mitochondrial damage induced by methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone) in L1210 leukaemia cells.
AB  - We previously found that the anti-cancer drug methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone)
      (mitoguazone) depresses carnitine-dependent oxidation of long-chain fatty acids
      in cultured mouse leukaemia cells [Nikula, Alhonen-Hongisto, Seppanen & Janne
      (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 120, 9-14]. We have now investigated
      whether carnitine also influences the development of the well-known mitochondrial
      damage produced by the drug in L1210 leukaemia cells. Palmitate oxidation was
      distinctly inhibited in tumour cells exposed to 5 microM-methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone) for only 7 h. Electron-microscopic examination of the drug
      exposed cells revealed that more than half of the mitochondria were severely
      damaged. Similar exposure of the leukaemia cells to the drug in the presence of
      carnitine not only abolished the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation but almost
      completely prevented the drug-induced mitochondrial damage. The protection
      provided by carnitine appeared to depend on the intracellular concentration of
      methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), since the mitochondria-sparing effect
      disappeared at higher drug concentrations.

PMID- 3837669
TI  - Muscular and intraocular pressure responses among ocular-hypertensive subjects:
      is there a rationale for biofeedback?
AB  - Several animal and human investigations have indicated that intraocular pressure
      (IOP) levels may be associated with extreme drug-induced changes in the
      extraocular muscles. Further, recent data suggest that, among individuals with
      normal IOP level, moderate increases in facial muscle (EMG) activity around the
      eye while the eye is open are associated with increases in IOP. To investigate
      further the relationship between facial EMG activity and IOP levels and to
      examine a group of individuals with elevated IOP levels, subjects were recruited
      from outpatients at an optometry clinic. Three groups of subjects were selected:
      a group of ocular hypertensive subjects who showed elevated pressures at the
      optometry clinic and upon the day of testing, a group of labile ocular
      hypertensive subjects who evinced elevated pressures during their visit to the
      optometry clinic but lower pressures on the day of testing, and a group of normal
      IOP subjects who showed normal pressures both during their optometry clinic visit
      and on the day of testing. To investigate anxiety differences, subjects were
      administered the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, but subsequent analysis revealed
      no group differences. To evaluate the role of stress upon muscle (EMG)
      functioning around the eye, subjects were subjected to imagery and standardized
      mental arithmetic stressors; analyses of these results also revealed no
      significant group differences. Finally, subjects were given EMG biofeedback for
      muscle activity around the eye while IOP was assessed during five alternating
      periods in which they made decreases and increases in EMG activity. Results
      revealed significant group, period, and group by period interaction effects. The
      pattern of results is interpreted as implicating EMG activity in IOP
      fluctuations; the implications of these data for potential biofeedback and stress
      management treatments are discussed.

PMID- 3837670
TI  - Accuracy of subjective blood glucose estimation by patients with insulin
      dependent diabetes.
AB  - A between-groups design using a baseline, treatment, follow-up procedure was used
      to investigate the accuracy of 20 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes when
      subjectively estimating their blood glucose levels. Patients were encouraged to
      attend to their mood for cues when making estimates of their blood glucose. Their
      capacity for reducing estimation errors when given immediate or delayed feedback
      of actual blood glucose was examined. The results showed that neither delayed nor
      immediate feedback produced a significant improvement in the mean estimation
      accuracy of these groups of patients or in their ability to predict whether their
      blood glucose was in the acceptable or unacceptable range. Patients were
      particularly inaccurate in detecting Low [less than 4.0 mmol/L (less than 72.0
      mg/dl)] and Very High [greater than 16.0 mmol/L (greater than 288.0 mg/dl)] blood
      glucose levels. Examination of mood-blood glucose relationships revealed
      consistent patterns for individual subjects and considerable differences between
      subjects.

PMID- 3837671
TI  - Effects of biofeedback-assisted attention training in a college population.
AB  - A program of stress management employing open-focus attention-training workshops
      was developed at Baruch College to bring the benefits of stress reduction to
      students. The purpose of the research reported here was to evaluate the results
      of the open-focus attention-training technique. Open-focus technique without
      biofeedback training was used for two semesters. Biofeedback training was
      incorporated in the third semester. In the first study, changes in grade point
      average (GPA), stress-related symptoms, and physiological measures were examined.
      The experimental subjects' stress data for this study was reported previously
      (Valdes, 1985). In the second study, changes in the same variables for
      experimental and control subjects were evaluated. Students in the control group
      showed decreased GPA, while those who participated in open-focus training showed
      a trend toward improved GPA. Stress-related symptoms associated with anxiety and
      management of emotional problems showed significant posttraining improvement, as
      did physiological measures in all of the biofeedback modalities in which the
      experimental subjects were specifically trained. The results support the
      hypothesis that the workshops were successful in reducing stress levels, and
      suggest that further controlled research be conducted to verify these findings,
      and to identify the most effective components of the training procedure.

PMID- 3837673
TI  - [Changes in the degradation time for acetylcholine receptors in relation to age].
AB  - A 125I-bungarotoxin labelling study of the acetylcholine receptor on the nerve
      muscle junctions in the course of aging in the rat is reported. Attention is
      drawn to the fact that aging leads to an appreciable slowing down of the receptor
      degradation time, whereas no change occurs in its location.

PMID- 3837672
TI  - Biofeedback for the treatment of anal incontinence in a child with
      ureterosigmoidostomy.
AB  - The case of a 7-year-old boy born with exstrophy of the bladder is presented.
      Biofeedback and behavioral therapy were employed in the treatment of anal
      incontinence, which occurred following ureterosigmoidostomy diversion. After 19
      treatment and follow-up sessions over a period of 12 months, there was
      significant decrease in fecal/urinary incontinence. The patient was soiled 29% of
      waking hours over the first 4 weeks of treatment. This figure dropped to 9.7%
      over the last three sessions. Subjective satisfaction of parent, child, and
      teachers was high. These gains were maintained over a 12-month follow-up period.
      Given the design of the present study, it is not possible to determine whether
      the biofeedback per se had a specific treatment effect. The case demonstrates the
      usefulness of a broad-based behavior therapy in the management of fecal/urine
      soiling, which is a frequent, refractory complication of ureterosigmoidostomy.

PMID- 3837674
TI  - [Changes in the degradation time for acetylcholine receptors in relation to age.
      The bronchial tree of the rabbit].

PMID- 3837675
TI  - [Arterial vascularization of the thyroid gland in the rabbit].

PMID- 3837676
TI  - [Various aspects of the microvascularization of the thyroid follicles in the
      rabbit].
AB  - The authors, use histology and diaphanization after the injection of Micropaque
      25% with gelatin 10% in 35 rabbits, 25 female and 10 male, with race, weight and
      age variable, to show some aspects of the thyroid follicles microvascularization.
      In this experimental animal we observe a follicle vascularization like the one
      described by other authors.

PMID- 3837677
TI  - [Innervation of the pulmonary vessels: autonomic microganglia].
AB  - It's being studied through the technics of Koelle-Friedenwall for the detection
      of specific acetyl-cholinesterase, that of Champy-Maillet of tetroxide osmium
      iodine of zinc and that of Jabonero's silver carbonate, the microganglions
      existing in pulmonary vessels. The attained results with Koelle-Friedenwall's
      technics were negative. With the other two technics we have observed small
      microganglions attached to the adventitial layer of pulmonary vessels, as much
      arteries and veins. In one case, we have realised the existence of a neuronal
      conglomerate inside the adventitial itself. They are formed by a scarce number of
      neurons, type I from Dogiel. We believe, due to its localization, that they are
      of a parasympathetic nature.

PMID- 3837678
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of the Sertoli cell in the seminiferous tubules of a
      hibernating animal, Eliomys quercinus L.), living in different lighting
      conditions].
AB  - The ultrastructure of the Sertoli cell studied in sexually active control animals
      during May-June and experimental animals sexually activated by light in winter,
      presents the commonly described ramified aspect with an infolded nucleus, well
      developed Golgi complexes, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, numerous
      microfilaments, few liposomes and lysosomal formations; In the regressed testes
      of hibernating animals or blinded spring animals, the Sertoli cells are more
      round shaped with a significant increase in number and size of liposomes,
      lysosomes and various necrotic bodies. These morphological changes may be in
      favour of the possibility of a synchronization of the function of the Sertoli
      cell with the spermatogenic cycle to coordinate locally the proliferation and
      maturation of the germ cell.

PMID- 3837679
TI  - Care of the elderly--the way ahead?

PMID- 3837680
TI  - Vocational training for general practice--achievements of the last 15 years.

PMID- 3837682
TI  - The benzodiazepines and insomnia. Papers from symposia. VII World Congress of
      Psychiatry, Vienna, July 1983; and 14th CINP Congress, Florence, June 1984.

PMID- 3837681
TI  - The doctor and the snake.

PMID- 3837683
TI  - Benzodiazepine activity: the sleep electroencephalogram and daytime performance.

PMID- 3837684
TI  - Dependence potential of the benzodiazepines: use of animal models for assessment.

PMID- 3837685
TI  - Benzodiazepine abuse and dependence: an overview.

PMID- 3837686
TI  - Insomnia: an epidemiological survey.

PMID- 3837687
TI  - Quazepam: sleep laboratory studies of effectiveness and withdrawal.

PMID- 3837689
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias: electrophysiologic techniques and management.

PMID- 3837688
TI  - Effects of quazepam and triazolam on the sleep of chronic insomniacs: a
      comparative 25-night sleep laboratory study.

PMID- 3837690
TI  - Catheter electrocoagulation of serious cardiac arrhythmias.
AB  - During recent years, catheters (originally designed for intracardiac recording
      and pacing) have been used for purposes of electrocoagulation of the AV junction,
      accessory pathways, or ventricular tachycardia foci. The experience to date
      suggests that catheter ablation of the AV junction is a reasonable alternative
      for patients with drug-refractory supraventricular tachycardia who are deemed
      candidates for surgical division of the His bundle. Complete or partial success
      is expected in approximately 85 percent of patients, and thus significant numbers
      of patients may be spared the morbidity and expense of surgery. The available
      experience using catheter ablation for accessory pathways is limited, and thus
      definitive recommendations cannot be made. Early experience suggests that
      patients with posteroseptal accessory pathways who require surgical intervention
      may benefit from attempted catheter ablation. Although successful catheter
      ablation of ventricular tachycardia foci has been reported, technical problems
      relating to current endocardial mapping techniques, the demonstrated
      proarrhythmic effects of the shocks in animals, and the very limited clinical
      experience suggest that this use be considered highly experimental at present.

PMID- 3837691
TI  - Selection of antiarrhythmic drugs based on electrophysiologic studies.

PMID- 3837692
TI  - Electrophysiologic studies of the ventricle.
AB  - Electrophysiologic assessment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias involves the
      application of paced ectopic beats at the discretion of the cardiologist and not
      by chance. Because this approach reproducibly induces the sort of symptomatic
      arrhythmias that are the major cause of death in our country, the procedure has
      attracted widespread interest. This methodology has accomplished two important
      alterations in the orientation of physicians to ventricular arrhythmias and
      sudden death. First, it has turned our focus away from innocent events such as
      ectopic beats and directed our attention to the architectural and
      electrophysiologic abnormalities that are the structural substrate for
      tachyarrhythmias. Second, it has taught us that malignant arrhythmias and sudden
      death can be treated empirically by repeatedly inducing VT under controlled
      conditions until a treatment is found. The physiologic and pharmacologic insight
      obtained with these early experiences will hopefully enable us to treat patients
      without the need for producing potentially lethal arrhythmias.

PMID- 3837693
TI  - Purification and characterization of a cytotoxic factor produced by a mouse
      macrophage hybridoma.
AB  - A mouse macrophage cytotoxic factor was purified to homogeneity from the serum
      free culture supernatant of a mouse macrophage hybridoma clone, N/P-7-1,
      stimulated with lipopolysaccharide by gel filtration, affinity chromatography,
      anion-exchange chromatography, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      purified material was judged to be homogeneous as to the criteria of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and has a relative
      molecular mass of 17,500, as determined by SDS-PAGE, or 55,000, as determined by
      gel filtration on columns of both Sephacryl S-200 and TSK G3000SW. It has an
      isoelectric point of 5.0, and is trypsin sensitive, stable at 56 degrees C and
      labile at pH less than 6. The cytotoxic activity of the purified factor could not
      be inhibited by various sugars and lectins. The production of the factor from N/P
      7-1 triggered by macrophage-activating factor for cytotoxicity, but not by mouse
      recombinant gamma-interferon. The factor should be synthesized after
      lipopolysaccharide stimulation because treatment of N/P-7-1 cells with a
      metabolic inhibitor, emetine or actinomycin D, prevents the production.

PMID- 3837694
TI  - Physicochemical characterization of human fibroblast migration inhibitory factor.
AB  - We recently reported a new lymphokine activity that affects fibroblasts by
      inhibiting their spontaneous migration. Human fibroblast migration inhibitory
      factor (FIF) obtained from concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated human lymphocytes
      was characterized by Sephadex gel filtration and by enzyme treatment. FIF was
      found to be stable at 56 degrees C for 15 min but destroyed at 80 degrees C or at
      pH lower than 5. Gel filtration revealed two peaks of FIF activity 15,000 and at
      34,000 Da. FIF activity was lost following treatment with trypsin, chymotrypsin,
      and neuraminidase and FIF could not be generated in the presence of inhibitors of
      glycosylation, suggesting that the molecule was a glycoprotein. FIF could be
      removed by adsorption to human fibroblasts but not to PMN, monocytes, or red
      blood cells. Further studies were carried out to investigate the role of sugars
      in the interaction of FIF with the target cells. Human FIF activity was
      significantly reduced in the presence of several sugars including alpha-methyl-D
      mannoside, L-xylose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-mannose, L-rhamnose but not L
      fucose. Preincubation of human fibroblasts with alpha-methyl-D-mannoside
      prevented their response to FIF. In contrast, pretreatment of fibroblasts with
      mannosidase had no effect, suggesting that alpha-methyl-D-mannoside was an
      essential component of the FIF molecule recognized by the FIF receptor on
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 3837695
TI  - Peripheral arterial surgery.

PMID- 3837696
TI  - Bombay (Oh) phenotype among Sinhalese in Sri Lanka.

PMID- 3837697
TI  - Pseudo-carcinomatous invasion in a rectal polyp.

PMID- 3837698
TI  - On surgery beneath the parotid salivary gland (pharyngeal branch of the vagus and
      the carotid sheaths).

PMID- 3837699
TI  - Pulmonary function in Sri Lankan adults.

PMID- 3837700
TI  - Endodermal sinus tumour of the ovary--a rare malignant germ cell tumour.

PMID- 3837701
TI  - Iodine content of drinking water and goitre endemicity in Sri Lanka.

PMID- 3837702
TI  - Echocardiography in subacute bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 3837703
TI  - Effect of antenatal hydrocortisone administration on the prevention of
      respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn.

PMID- 3837704
TI  - A full term viable abdominal gestation.

PMID- 3837705
TI  - Utilization of family health workers in screening for hypertension in a rural
      community in Sri Lanka.

PMID- 3837706
TI  - [Comparative studies on isoenzyme patterns, proteins, sugars and lipids of four
      geographic strains of Anopheles sinensis].

PMID- 3837707
TI  - [Studies on monoclonal antibodies against Leishmania donovani Xinjiang strain].

PMID- 3837708
TI  - [Open solid plate medium cultured Bacillus thuringiensis and its mosquitocidal
      effect in field application].

PMID- 3837709
TI  - [Preliminary studies on paper radioantigensorbent test in the diagnosis of
      paragonimiasis].

PMID- 3837710
TI  - [The embryotoxicity of primaquine octylamide in rats].

PMID- 3837711
TI  - [3 human cases of urinary tract infection with Rhabditis].

PMID- 3837712
TI  - [Comparison of serological activity between crude SEA and its major serological
      antigen of Schistosoma japonicum].

PMID- 3837713
TI  - [Significance of determination of some biochemical indices in hepatic fibrosis of
      animal schistosomiasis japonica].

PMID- 3837714
TI  - [The embryotoxicity of bromoacetamide in rats].

PMID- 3837715
TI  - [Preliminary study on chromosome of Schistosoma japonicum].

PMID- 3837716
TI  - [Establishment of a hybridoma cell line secreting monoclonal antibody against
      Toxoplasma gondii].

PMID- 3837717
TI  - [Preliminary observation on the karyotype of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus].

PMID- 3837718
TI  - [Effect of Corydalis Sibirica maxim on secondary echinococcus granulosus cysts in
      mice].

PMID- 3837719
TI  - [Clinical manifestations and treatment of 43 cases with liver alveolar hydatid
      disease in Xinjiang uygur autonomous region].

PMID- 3837720
TI  - Anatomy and development of the thyroid gland.

PMID- 3837721
TI  - Atypical Cogan's syndrome.

PMID- 3837722
TI  - Rare cause of growth retardation.

PMID- 3837723
TI  - [Epidemiological study of a group of staphylococci isolated in a hospital
      environment].
AB  - A survey has been carried out on 336 strains of staphylococci isolated in a
      hospital environment in order to assess the validity of the lyogroup classifying
      method, to know their epidemiological behavior in our territory and to test their
      sensitivity to various antibiotics. The findings of the survey can be summed up
      as follows: the practical test for bacteriolysis activity appears to be a valid
      method of identifying staphylococci in so far as it allows to classify them, but
      also to differentiate them from micrococci; lyogroup VI appears to be prevalent
      both as a whole and in nearly all materials of origin; the incidence of
      resistance is highest for piperacillin (47%), gentamicin (20%), tobramycin (19%);
      it is lowest for netilmicin (1.2%) and amikacin (2.6%); among meticilline
      resistant strains (18%) there is a marked resistance towards nearly all
      antibiotics tested.

PMID- 3837724
TI  - [A severe case of bronchial pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae accompanied by
      immunosuppression, thrombophlebitis and hepatitis resolved with human
      immunoglobulins].
AB  - We present a case of severe pneumonia by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, whose clinical
      course was complicated by immunodepression, hepatitis and deep venous thrombosis.
      Treatment with pepsin-treated human immunoglobulins was unsuccessful, whereas
      prompt recovery was obtained by infusion of human immunoglobulins treated at pH
      4.

PMID- 3837725
TI  - [A fractionation method for human blood for the separation of subclasses of IgG].
AB  - A serum fractionation method which permits a good separation among IgG subclasses
      is proposed. By loading serum on a Protein A-sepharose column, IgG3 are readily
      recovered as they do not bind to the Protein A. IgG of the other subclasses are
      eluted, equilibrated at pH 6 and loaded either on a chromatofocusing column, or
      on an anion exchanger gel. In these conditions IgG4 are retained, and then
      recovered by lowering the pH, whereas IgG1 and IgG2 pass through the column and
      can be recovered separately by absorption on a Protein A column and elution with
      a decreasing pH gradient.

PMID- 3837726
TI  - Fastidious bacteriuria and pyuria.
AB  - Mid stream specimens of urine that showed pyuria or bacteriuria on direct
      microscopy and no bacterial growth on initial routine culture were collected from
      346 patients. These specimens were cultured for the presence of fastidious
      organisms using two different test systems. One system used non selective media
      and the other used selective media. Any fastidious organism isolated was
      identified by standard methods. Lactobacilli were the only fastidious organisms
      isolated in significant numbers. Using comparable test systems, equivalent
      numbers of Lactobacilli were isolated from both test and control group and
      because of the difficulty in specimen collection, these are to be considered as
      possible contaminants.

PMID- 3837727
TI  - Drug-induced lymphadenopathy--two biopsied cases treated with cephem-group
      antibiotics for a short time.

PMID- 3837728
TI  - Hypercalcemia and metastatic calcification in adult T-cell leukemia--pathogenesis
      of hypercalcemia.

PMID- 3837729
TI  - The electroencephalogram and information scanning in the human visual cortex
      during pattern recognition.

PMID- 3837730
TI  - Role of the cerebral hemispheres in acoustic pattern movement.

PMID- 3837731
TI  - Effect of masking on air and bone conduction of acoustic stimuli.

PMID- 3837732
TI  - Sex differences in psychophysiological parameters depending on task difficulty.

PMID- 3837733
TI  - Typologic analysis of the central and peripheral hemodynamics in orthostasis in
      normal subjects and patients with arterial hypertension.

PMID- 3837734
TI  - Types of working capacity and frequency of development of ischemic heart disease
      and essential hypertension.

PMID- 3837735
TI  - Analysis of the chronotropic function of the heart.

PMID- 3837736
TI  - Dependence of the human aerodynamic airway resistance on parameters of the lungs
      and respiratory maneuver.

PMID- 3837737
TI  - Simple motor reaction time and respiration. III. Effect of voluntary breathing.

PMID- 3837738
TI  - Comparative analysis of urinary corticosteroid and catecholamine levels in
      persons with different occupational training.

PMID- 3837740
TI  - Disturbance of integral-period synchronization of cardiac and respiratory rhythms
      after a transmeridional flight across three time zones.

PMID- 3837739
TI  - Prediction of human physical working capacity in high ambient temperatures.

PMID- 3837741
TI  - Risk of arterial hypertension and characteristics of functional brain asymmetry
      in workers airlifted for short tours of duty.

PMID- 3837743
TI  - Heat acclimatization by controlled hypothermia.

PMID- 3837742
TI  - Effect of prolonged physical work of submaximal and extremal power on mass
      transfer and utilization of oxygen.

PMID- 3837744
TI  - Effect of the CSF of patients with manic-depressive psychosis on the self
      stimulation reaction.

PMID- 3837745
TI  - Time course of estimation of the size of a pattern and its neurophysiological
      correlates.

PMID- 3837746
TI  - Lateral differences in dynamics of latencies of a simple motor response to
      acoustic stimuli of increasing intensity.

PMID- 3837747
TI  - Effect of organic components of blood serum on its osmolality.

PMID- 3837748
TI  - Characteristics of temperature regulation in man during heat loading.

PMID- 3837749
TI  - Lithium in the human body.

PMID- 3837750
TI  - High altitude pulmonary oedema.

PMID- 3837751
TI  - Electrophysiological studies in patients of bradyarrhythmia associated with
      mitral stenosis.

PMID- 3837752
TI  - Empyema thoracis: a review of 70 cases.

PMID- 3837753
TI  - Pleural irrigation in the management of empyema thoracis.

PMID- 3837754
TI  - Comparison of subcutaneous salbutamol and terbutaline with adrenaline.

PMID- 3837755
TI  - Short term chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis in service population.

PMID- 3837756
TI  - Foreign body in air passage in children (study of 20 cases).

PMID- 3837757
TI  - Long term effects of tobacco smoking: results of a spirometric study in 300 old
      men.

PMID- 3837758
TI  - Normal values of peak expiratory flow rate in healthy north Indian adults-
      revision of prediction formulae.

PMID- 3837759
TI  - Selective endobronchial blocking for one lung anaesthesia in children.

PMID- 3837760
TI  - Sarcoidosis in India.

PMID- 3837761
TI  - Massive haemoptysis due to pulmonary metastasis from carcinoma prostate--an
      unusual presentation.

PMID- 3837762
TI  - Evaluation of COPD.

PMID- 3837763
TI  - The asthmogenic effect of exercise stress on the normal first degree relatives of
      asthmatic subjects.

PMID- 3837764
TI  - Methods of reduction of harmful constituents in bidi smoke.

PMID- 3837765
TI  - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in clinical practice--a review of 100
      procedures.

PMID- 3837766
TI  - CK and ASAT: comparative evaluation as prognostic indicator in acute myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 3837767
TI  - Exposure to domestic cooking fuels and chronic bronchitis.

PMID- 3837768
TI  - Fictitious haemoptysis.

PMID- 3837769
TI  - Pulmonary and cerebral cryptococcosis masquerading as terminal anaplastic
      carcinoma with metastasis.

PMID- 3837770
TI  - Vocal cord nodule as a cause of haemoptysis. An unusual presentation.

PMID- 3837771
TI  - Presidential address. XXII National Conference of Indian Academy of Pediatrics.
      November 1-4, 1985, Trivandrum.

PMID- 3837772
TI  - Child survival revolution: challenges & realities.

PMID- 3837773
TI  - Perinatal outcome in hypertensive disease of pregnancy.

PMID- 3837774
TI  - Development of sexual characteristics in upper socio-economic girls.

PMID- 3837775
TI  - Clinical and serological study of acute paralytic poliomyelitis in immunized and
      nonimmunized children.

PMID- 3837776
TI  - Severe malnutrition without infection--functionally an immune competent state in
      pre-school children.

PMID- 3837777
TI  - Social customs and beliefs regarding breast feeding.

PMID- 3837778
TI  - Antibiotic associated colitis in children.

PMID- 3837779
TI  - Physical growth characteristics of upper socio-economic adolescent boys of
      Varanasi.

PMID- 3837780
TI  - Neonatal stroke.

PMID- 3837781
TI  - Thyroprivic hypothyroidism followed by hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 3837782
TI  - Awareness about breast feeding, immunisation and oral rehydration.

PMID- 3837783
TI  - National Workshop on Protection of Child Consumer.

PMID- 3837784
TI  - Reflections on the origin and aim of nostalgia.

PMID- 3837785
TI  - The confrontation between Lilith and Adam: the fifth round.

PMID- 3837786
TI  - Jung and the phenomenology of guilt.

PMID- 3837787
TI  - Sleep research and clinically reported dreams. Can they be integrated? Dora,
      revisited.

PMID- 3837788
TI  - Immunogenicity of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and the effect of adjuvants
      in mice.
AB  - Intraperitoneal inoculation of CF1 mice with 100 micrograms, 200 micrograms, or
      300 micrograms whole cell (WC) or 250 micrograms, 500 micrograms, or 1000
      micrograms cell wall (CW) of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis induced varying
      degrees of protection after intravenous challenge of immunity with 7.2 X 10(4)
      CFU of C. pseudotuberculosis. Generally, the degree of protection increased with
      the dose of WC or CW. However, intraperitoneal inoculation of mice with 100
      micrograms, 200 micrograms, or 300 micrograms heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis
      BCG; 50 micrograms, 150 micrograms, or 300 micrograms of either muramyl dipeptide
      (MDP) or trehalose dimycolate (TDM); or 350 micrograms, 700 micrograms or 1400
      micrograms Corynebacterium parvum did not induce resistance to intravenous
      inoculation of 7.4 X 10(4) CFU of C. pseudotuberculosis. The protection induced
      by 500 micrograms CW was enhanced by adding 100 micrograms BCG, 150 micrograms
      MDP, or 350 micrograms C. parvum but protection induced in mice by 300 micrograms
      of WC was not enhanced by adding any adjuvants.

PMID- 3837789
TI  - The tonsillar carriage of Pasteurella haemolytica in lambs.
AB  - To study colonization of the tonsils by Pasteurella haemolytica, attempts were
      made to isolate the organism from the tonsils of lambs which died or were killed
      in the course of unrelated experiments. In addition, repeated tonsillar swabs
      were taken from 37 lambs and their 28 dams over a 3-month period. From lambs
      under 3 days old, only A serotypes and untypable strains of P. haemolytica were
      recovered, while T serotypes were first detected in 3-week-old lambs. As the age
      of the lambs increased, the fall in the isolation rate of A serotypes and of
      untypable strains was accompanied by an increase in T serotype isolation. In
      lambs 9 to 12 weeks old, over 80 per cent of isolates were T serotypes. Of the
      222 swabs from live lambs, 88 (40 per cent) yielded P. haemolytica, with more
      than one serotype being recovered from 24 of the 88 positive swabs. Multiple
      isolations, mostly of 2 serotypes, were made from lambs of all ages but were
      commonest at 12 weeks of age. Of the 117 isolates, 70 (60 per cent) were of
      biotype T, 31 (26 per cent) were of biotype A and 16 (14 per cent) were
      untypable. P. haemolytica was isolated from 25 of the 28 ewes on 1 to 5 of the 6
      sampling occasions. The 65 positive swabs yielded 81 T serotypes (78 per cent),
      21 A serotypes (20 per cent) and one untypable strain as 32 single and 33
      multiple isolations. The typed isolates comprised 7 A serotypes and 3 T
      serotypes. Only one serotype (A6) isolated from lambs was not recovered from
      ewes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3837790
TI  - The effect of cycloheximide, heparin and ancrod on mice given Ehrlich ascites
      tumour cells intravenously.
AB  - Mice injected intra-venously with Ehrlich ascites tumour cells showed a fatal
      susceptibility to normally-tolerated doses of cycloheximide when the latter was
      given at the following times after the tumour cells--2 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h.
      When the interval between tumour cell injection and cycloheximide challenge was
      extended to 1 week or 3 weeks (at which latter time mice have clinical
      "metastatic" neoplasia), no such susceptibility was shown. In the case of the 2 h
      interval between tumour cells and cycloheximide (and also when cycloheximide was
      given 2 h before tumour cells), the lethal syndrome was prevented by heparin
      treatment and also by Ancrod defibrination. This strongly suggests that heparin
      is effective by virtue of its anticoagulant properties, and that fibrinogen-to
      fibrin conversion is an essential step in the pathogenesis. Neither heparin nor
      Ancrod confer any protection when used in the syndrome consequent upon
      cycloheximide challenge 24 h after tumour cell injection, which indicates that,
      in this case, the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is not an essential step in
      determining the fatal outcome.

PMID- 3837791
TI  - The effect of mycoplasmas and acholeplasmas of equine origin on organ cultures of
      chicken-embryo trachea.
AB  - Chicken-embryo tracheal organ cultures were inoculated with equine strains of
      Mycoplasma arginini, M. equigenitalium, 2 strains of M. subdolum, Acholeplasma
      laidlawii and 3 strains of A. oculi. All strains established and multiplied in
      the explant cultures, but only M. subdolum and A. oculi produced a cytopathic
      effect on ciliated epithelial cells, causing sloughing of cells and cilia after 6
      days. There was a correlation between ciliostasis and increase in titre of both
      M. subdolum and A. oculi and this relationship was not observed with M.
      equigenitalium and A. laidlawii. All the strains of acholeplasma multiplied to
      some extent in organ culture media, but reached higher titres in the presence of
      explants. Cells infected with the M. subdolum strain showed sloughing of cilia,
      vacuolization, and increase in size of mitochondria, followed by disorganization
      of epithelium and marked destruction of subcellular organelles. Mycoplasmas were
      closely attached to the epithelial surface of the tracheal explant 8 days after
      infection.

PMID- 3837792
TI  - A xanthomatous lesion resembling balloon cell melanoma of the iris and ciliary
      body of a dog.
AB  - A slow-growing xanthomatous tumour which diffusely infiltrated the iris and
      ciliary body of a dog was composed of large, pale, vacuolated cells which
      contained scattered fine pigment granules. Electron microscopy revealed
      coalescing vacuoles, lamellar membranous structures, and small groups of
      melanosomes in the cytoplasm, suggesting melanocytic origin. The lesion resembled
      balloon cell melanoma of the ciliary body of man. The behaviour of the tumour was
      benign. This is a clinical and pathological entity which has not been reported
      previously in the dog.

PMID- 3837793
TI  - The pathogenesis of a high-virulence and a low-virulence strain of
      Corynebacterium bovis in the mammary gland of the mouse.
AB  - A comparison was made of the pathogenesis of experimental mastitis in mice caused
      by a strain of Corynebacterium bovis (P3) isolated from clinical mastitis in the
      cow and a strain (NCDO 1930) isolated from the teat of a symptomless carrier cow.
      Strain NCDO 1930 elicited a neutrophil response which controlled the infection so
      that, after 6 to 8 days, 9 of 10 glands were sterile and one abscess was found.
      In contrast, the neutrophil response to strain P3 failed to control the infection
      and, by 6 to 8 days, 8 of 10 glands were infected and there were abscesses in 11
      of 20 glands. The virulence of strain P3 was associated with its ability to
      colonize on and in milk fat globules, from which the organisms multiplied in the
      alveolar lumen irrespective of the neutrophil infiltration.

PMID- 3837794
TI  - Age immunity to Ostertagia circumcincta: comparison of the local immune responses
      of 4 1/2- and 10-month-old lambs.
AB  - In 2 experiments, the local immune response to infection with 50,000 O.
      circumcincta was monitored in 4 1/2-month-old previously infected lambs by
      following changes in the composition of gastric lymph. The previously infected
      lambs were partially resistant to the challenge in that they harboured a greater
      proportion of early fourth stage parasites and that the developing larvae
      recovered from them were distinctly shorter than those present in controls. They
      also exhibited a secondary local immune response in the gastric lymph consisting
      of increases in the output of lymphoblasts and IgA cells which peaked 3 to 5 days
      after challenge, followed by increases in lymph IgA and IgA anti-larval antibody
      on days 6 and 7. The size of the total IgA response in a sheep was highly
      correlated with the degree of stunting of its larvae, suggesting that IgA
      antibody can reduce the growth of developing Ostertagia. When compared with the
      results of 2 identically designed experiments carried out previously in 10-month
      old sheep, the younger lambs were measurably less resistant to challenge and most
      aspects of the magnitude of the local immune response were significantly
      depressed, although the timing of the response was similar. It is suggested that
      this poorly developed ability to mount a secondary mucosal immune response may
      explain the relative failure of the younger lamb to develop resistance to gastro
      intestinal nematodes.

PMID- 3837795
TI  - Comparative pathology of the enlarged carotid body.
AB  - A histological study was made of the carotid bodies of man and various animal
      species from low and high altitudes. The animals studied were the alpaca, llama,
      cattle, guinea-pig, rabbit, dog, rat and man. As well as a qualitative
      microscopic study, a differential cell count was carried out to determine the
      percentage of the light and dark variants of chief cells and of sustentacular
      cells present. The investigation showed that the carotid bodies enlarge in
      cattle, guinea-pigs and rabbits living in the hypobaric hypoxia of high altitude
      to which they have to acclimatize. The carotid bodies are not enlarged in llamas
      and alpacas which show Darwinian adaptation to high altitude. There is no single
      histopathological appearance to be found with enlargement of the carotid body; on
      the contrary, there appears to be a characteristic histological reaction for
      different species. Thus, man shows hyperplasia of sustentacular cells, cattle
      show focal dark cell proliferation and rabbits, guinea-pigs, and dogs show
      striking hyperplasia and vacuolation of chief cells. In the rat, the enlargement
      of the carotid body is not characterized by the differential proliferation of any
      specific element and, as a result, it does not appear to be a good model for the
      human organ. In man and rat, carotid body enlargement occurs in response to
      systemic hypertension as well as to chronic hypoxaemia and the histological
      response to the 2 stimuli is the same, depending on the species. The normal
      rabbit carotid body is more reminiscent of that of man but, in this species, the
      reaction of glomic tissue differs from that of human glomic tissue.

PMID- 3837796
TI  - Cartilage proliferation in response to metacercarial infections of fish gills.
AB  - The pathology observed in a metacercarial (species not yet identified) infection
      of pond-raised, aquarium fish is described. In natural infections, there was
      extensive proliferation of cartilage resulting in loss of respiratory epithelium
      and occasionally in fusion of primary lamellae. Grossly, the most consistent sign
      of infection was flared opercula with protruding gills. Although haemorrhage was
      produced in early infections as the cercariae migrated, it was not
      macroscopically evident. A few heavily infected fish did have grossly observable
      signs of haemorrhage but this was not a consistent finding. Cercariae were
      collected from snails (Pleurocera sp.) and fish were experimentally infected to
      study the response. Over a 6-day-period, a progression from fibroblast to
      chondroblast occurred, indicating that piscine fibroblasts are able to
      differentiate into chondroblasts. This differentiation may be dependent on
      environmental conditions or may be stimulated by the parasite itself.

PMID- 3837797
TI  - Identification of two cases of bovine undifferentiated tumours (squamous cell
      carcinoma and adenocarcinoma) by electron microscopy.
AB  - Two cases of undifferentiated tumours were found in cows. Electron microscopy
      revealed that one was an undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma of unknown
      primary site and the other an undifferentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 3837798
TI  - Inner ear structure in the deaf and normally hearing Dalmatian dog.
AB  - Both cochleae of two 6-week-old Dalmatian dogs of the same litter were examined
      by means of surface specimens and histological section techniques. Basic
      quantitative data on the morphometry of the cochlear duct in the hearing (though
      hypopigmented) pup are presented. The cochlear ducts of the deaf (though normally
      coloured) pup exhibited in general the same alterations (collapse of the scala
      media) as described in the literature. In addition, we describe also the
      coalescence of membranous structures, projection of the tectorial membrane up to
      the spiral ligament and preservation of inner hair cells in the second (i.e.
      middle) cochlear coil. These new findings complement the previous data and
      indicate an alternative possible course of hereditary inner ear degeneration in
      the Dalmatian dog.

PMID- 3837799
TI  - Serum urate concentrations in the Dalmatian Coach Hound.
AB  - The mean concentration of urate in the serum of 80 Dalmatian Coach Hounds was
      approximately double that in the serum of 99 dogs of other breeds. Both values
      were higher than those reported previously.

PMID- 3837800
TI  - Involvement of iron and copper in biological damage that is induced by oxygen
      free radicals.

PMID- 3837801
TI  - Photophysical properties of rose bengal and its derivatives (XII).
AB  - We describe herein a series of new derivatives of tetrachloro tetraiodo (rose
      bengal) and report their emission and absorption characteristics. Photochemists
      and photobiologists may find several of these derivatives useful as alternative
      sources of singlet oxygen.

PMID- 3837802
TI  - Charge transfer and oxy radicals in antimalarial action. Quinones, dapsone
      metabolites, metal complexes, iminium ions, and peroxides.
AB  - A mechanism of action is proposed that encompasses almost all of the main
      categories of antimalarial agents: quinones and precursors, dapsone metabolites,
      metal complexes of thiosemicarbazones and biguanides, iminium-type ions from
      acridines and quinolines, and peroxides. The toxic effect of the drugs is
      believed to result from the generation of reactive oxygen radicals that usually
      arise via charge transfer. Electrochemical studies (reduction potential and
      reversibility) were performed on a number of these agents. Reduction potentials
      range from -0.23 to -1.52 V. It is likely that the in vivo values are appreciably
      more positive in certain cases.

PMID- 3837803
TI  - Mechanism and reaction products of the oxidation of Cu(I)-phenanthroline by H2O2.
AB  - We have suggested a possible reaction mechanism for the oxidation of the cuprous
      phenanthroline complex by H2O2 in the presence of formate and methanol. The
      cuprous phenanthroline complex was generated by pulse and gamma radiolysis. We
      measured the decay kinetics of this complex as well as the chain length of this
      reaction. Our observations indicate that in this reaction OH. is not formed
      directly, but through the decomposition of a metal-peroxo complex. This mechanism
      does not necessarily operate with other copper compounds, especially with copper
      complexes bound to a biological target.

PMID- 3837804
TI  - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determination of phospholipid
      peroxides; II. Transesterification to form pentafluorobenzyl esters and detection
      with picogram sensitivity.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to develop a higher sensitivity method to detect
      phospholipid peroxides in tissues to more effectively investigate the role of
      lipid peroxidation in pathology. We recently presented a gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry (GC-MS) method for identification and measurement of phospholipid
      peroxides at the 10 ng level (van Kuijk, et al. J. Free Rad. Biol. Med., 1:215
      225, 1985) based on transesterification to form fatty acid methyl ester
      derivatives. While this method is quite useful under some circumstances, more
      sensitivity was desirable to analyse trace amounts of lipid peroxidation products
      in small samples of various tissues. We present a method to prepare
      pentafluorobenzyl esters of fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids directly from
      phospholipids by transesterification at room temperature or from triglycerides at
      60 degrees C. Oxidized lipids are extracted into dichloromethane and peroxide
      functions are reduced with sodium borohydride. Transesterification of
      phospholipids is carried out in dichloromethane with 20% (v/v) pentafluorobenzyl
      alcohol, 1% (w/v) potassium tert-butoxide and 0.2 N (m-trifluoromethyl phenyl)
      trimethyl ammonium hydroxide at room temperature for 30 min. Pentafluorobenzyl
      esters are purified on open silica columns, O-trimethyl silyl derivatives of the
      alcohol functions are formed, and GC-MS is carried out with negative ion chemical
      ionization detection. The single or double oxidation products of oleate,
      linoleate, arachidonate, and docosahexaenoate were detected with 10 pg
      sensitivity in oxidized rat retina phospholipids or synthetic phospholipids, by
      negative ion chemical ionization with specific ion monitoring of carboxylate
      anions.

PMID- 3837805
TI  - Consecutive action of phospholipase A2 and glutathione peroxidase is required for
      reduction of phospholipid hydroperoxides and provides a convenient method to
      determine peroxide values in membranes.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of selenium-dependent
      glutathione peroxidase to reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides in membrane bilayers
      and to develop a method to measure the peroxide content of phospholipids.
      Phospholipid hydroperoxides were synthesized by photooxidation of 1-palmitoyl 2
      linoleoyl phosphatidylcholine and characterized by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. Phospholipid hydroperoxides in phosphatidylcholine bilayers showed
      no detectable reactivity with Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (the reaction
      is at least 65,000 times slower than with an available hydroperoxide). However,
      after the phospholipid hydroperoxides were preincubated with phospholipase A2,
      the free fatty acid hydroperoxides became available as a substrate for Se
      dependent glutathione peroxidase. The enzyme assay can be used for convenient
      determination of peroxide values in phospholipids at the 1 nmole level and free
      fatty acid hydroperoxides can be distinguished from phospholipid hydroperoxides
      by omitting phospholipase A2. The accuracy of the enzymatic method was confirmed
      using an improved colorimetric chemical assay to measure peroxide values of
      phospholipid hydroperoxides to the same sensitivity. The chemical assay was not
      linear in the presence of high levels of lipid, but at low levels of lipid the
      peroxide values of phospholipid hydroperoxides measured by both methods agreed to
      within 1%. Since high levels of lipid inhibited the chemical assay, the enzyme
      assay is more accurate for determination of peroxides in membranes and tissues.
      The possible role of phospholipase deficiencies as a causal factor in
      degenerative diseases thought to be due to lipid peroxidation, such as Neuronal
      Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (Battens disease), is discussed.

PMID- 3837806
TI  - Antioxidant enzyme content of pulmonary artery endothelial cells: effects of
      subculture.
AB  - The activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase,
      enzymes which play a critical role in protection of the vascular endothelium from
      oxygen free-radical injury, were determined in large vessel endothelial cells
      obtained under three different growth conditions: from freshly isolated from
      bovine pulmonary arteries, in the first (primary) subculture and after six serial
      subcultures (6.5 population doublings). The endothelium was obtained by
      mechanically scraping the vascular lumen. Endothelial cell monolayers were
      detached mechanically from the substratum prior to passage. No proteolytic
      enzymes were used in either procedure. The activities of catalase, superoxide
      dismutase and glutathione peroxidase determined in freshly isolated endothelial
      cells were, respectively, 39.9 +/- 10.3, 2.2 +/- 0.8 and 3.0 +/- 0.5 X 10(2)
      units per mg protein. After primary culture there was no change in superoxide
      dismutase activity, but a significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity
      to 1.4 +/- 0.4 X 10(2) was observed, and catalase activity dropped significantly
      to 18.6 +/- 5.0 units per mg protein. After 6.5 population doublings, the
      activity of all three enzymes returned to values similar to those of the freshly
      isolated cells. A fourfold increase in the protein to DNA ratio occurred in cells
      in primary culture and was maintained in sixth-passage cells. This increase in
      endothelial cell size upon culture was reflected in the electron microscopic
      evidence of cellular hypertrophy. Measurement of the rate of transport of 5
      hydroxytryptamine by endothelial cell monolayers revealed a substantial loss upon
      multiple passage. Transport in the sixth-passage cells was decreased to one-half
      the rate of primary cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3837808
TI  - Intramembrane particle distribution in renal collecting tubule cells in normal,
      dehydrated and hereditary diabetes insipidus rats with particular reference to
      orthogonal arrays of particles.

PMID- 3837807
TI  - Probing Cu(II)/H2O2 damage in DNA with a damage-specific DNA binding protein.
AB  - A human damage-specific DNA binding protein has been employed as a sensitive
      probe of damage introduction by the combination of Cu(II) and H2O2. Optimal
      conditions for the introduction of protein-recognizable lesions into DNA in the
      Cu(II)/H2O2 system were obtained with 10(-5)-M CuCl2 and 0.10-mM H2O2. The
      absolute requirement for the presence of a metal ion suggests the involvement of
      a metal catalyzed Fenton reaction. However, damage introduction in the presence
      of KI and dimethylsulfoxide indicate that hydroxyl radical, while responsible for
      the introduction of strand breaks, is not the primary species responsible for
      lesion introduction. Protein-recognizable damage was introduced into DNA and poly
      d(G-C), but not into poly d(A-T). Loss of label from the five position of
      cytosine was also observed at high peroxide levels.

PMID- 3837809
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic study on mitochondrial cristae in the rat adrenal
      cortex.

PMID- 3837810
TI  - Lectin binding to the luminal surface of distal airway epithelial cells of
      rodents.

PMID- 3837811
TI  - Ultrastructural characterization of novel intracisternal virus-like particles
      associated with a spontaneous subcutaneous tumor from a Japanese wild mouse, Mus
      musculus molossinus (Mon/Nm).

PMID- 3837812
TI  - Confronting membranes at the ruffled border in osteoclasts of cultured fetal
      parietal bone.

PMID- 3837813
TI  - An improved method for both light and electron microscopy of identical sites in
      semi-thin tissue sections under 200 kV transmission electron microscope.

PMID- 3837815
TI  - Proceedings of the International Workshop on Calcium Metabolism and Aging.
      Sponsored by the US-Japan Malnutrition Panel. December 6-7, 1984, Tokyo.

PMID- 3837814
TI  - Usefulness of a sapphire knife in ultrathin sectioning of biological specimens.

PMID- 3837816
TI  - Ca and atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3837817
TI  - Effects of calcium on muscular training.

PMID- 3837818
TI  - The liver and metabolic bone disease.

PMID- 3837819
TI  - Nutrition and renal osteodystrophy.
AB  - Nutritional factors, especially calcium, calorie and fat intakes may be important
      in the treatment with active vitamin D, so that the effect appears more
      efficient. Incidence of bone changes, due to hyperparathyroidism in diabetic
      nephropathy, was less than that in non-diabetic patients under hemodialysis. No
      effect of control status of diabetes mellitus was demonstrated, regarding
      incidence of subperiosteal resorption of finger bones. Bone mass was decreased in
      diabetic patients in whom the control of blood glucose was inadequate.

PMID- 3837820
TI  - Calcium requirement and its intake of the elderly in Japan: an attempt to improve
      its intake.

PMID- 3837821
TI  - Perspectives on calcium.

PMID- 3837822
TI  - Cytosolic free calcium in chick heart cells. Its role in cell injury.
AB  - The role of cytosolic free Ca2+ (Caf) in cell injury was investigated using two
      methods for measuring Caf in freshly disaggregated embryonic chick heart cells.
      The null-point method, using arsenazo III, is based on determining the
      extracellular Ca2+ concentration at which no net Ca2+ movement occurs when plasma
      membrane permeability is increased. With this technique, the null point Caf
      averaged 0.23 +/- 0.07 microM (n = 6) in the basal state. Using quin2, an
      intracellular fluorescent dye, to measure Caf a value of 0.05 +/- 0.01 microM (n
      = 5) was obtained. Elevation of Caf by various agents was associated with an
      increase in cell injury as measured by the release of the cytosolic enzyme, LDH.
      However, the relationship between Caf and LDH release was not a direct one under
      all experimental conditions, indicating that the level of Caf is not the sole
      determinant of cell injury.

PMID- 3837823
TI  - Measurement of cytosolic calcium with aequorin in dispersed rat ventricular
      cells.
AB  - The changes in the cytosolic concentration of free calcium of adult rat
      cardomyocytes were monitored using aequorin incorporated by hypoosmotic shock.
      The majority of the myocytes retained their rod-like appearance and their
      tolerance to a normal concentration of extracellular calcium. The aequorin signal
      was increased by depolarization, by an increase in extracellular calcium, by
      substitution of extracellular sodium with either choline or tetramethylammonium,
      by 20 mM NH4Cl or by hypoxia. In these myocytes, isoproterenol or the
      phosphodiesterase inhibitor MIX (3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine) enhanced the
      ability of the cells to buffer calcium loads while the mitochondrial inhibitor
      FCCP (carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl-hydrazone), decreased their
      calcium buffering capacity.

PMID- 3837824
TI  - Nonpolar density gradient ultracentrifugation in the direct determination of
      myocardial subcellular calcium.
AB  - A new method is described for making direct measurements of compartmentalized
      subcellular stores of calcium in the isolated perfused dog heart. Cellular
      calcium was immobilized by freezing the myocardium in diastole with an extremely
      cold fluorocarbon fluid (-125 degrees C). All subsequent procedures were
      conducted under conditions which prevented ionic diffusion, either at
      temperatures well below the freezing point of water or in the absence of water.
      Sarcolemmal and mitochondrial enriched fractions were segregated from dessicated,
      homogenized, myocardial tissue by ultracentrifugation utilizing density-gradients
      composed of blends of silicone and halocarbon on fluids within which
      physiological salts are insoluble. The total calcium content of these isolated
      fractions were then determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Ouabain
      and epinephrine were subsequently used to alter the contractility of the perfused
      hearts and such contractile alterations were then related to changes noted in the
      calcium activity of the isolated subcellular fractions. In this study the calcium
      levels of the enriched mitochondrial fractions were elevated by both ouabain and
      epinephrine, while the calcium levels of the enriched sarcolemmal fractions were
      elevated only by ouabain. The advantage of this segregative procedure is that it
      prevents artifactual intercompartmental calcium rearrangement and preserves
      calcium levels to those initially fixed in situ at the time of freezing.

PMID- 3837825
TI  - Sarcolemmal disruption during the calcium paradox.
AB  - Reperfusion of an isolated heart with calcium-containing solution after a short
      period of calcium-free perfusion may result in irreversible cell damage (calcium
      paradox). The ultrastructure of the sarcolemma of the rabbit heart during the
      calcium paradox was studied by using fast freezing devices. This method excluded
      ultrastructural changes induced by chemical fixation and cryoprotection. In
      addition, thin-section and conventional freeze-fracture electron microscopy were
      used. During reperfusion with calcium-containing solution disruption of the
      sarcolemma was observed, which was attended with formation of unilamellar and
      multilamellar vesicles and aggregation of intramembrane particles. These
      ultrastructural changes are explained in terms of calcium- and proton-induced
      lateral phase separation and fusion processes in the lipid bilayer of the
      sarcolemma.

PMID- 3837827
TI  - Dynamic stiffness of the isolated guinea-pig gall-bladder during contraction
      induced by cholecystokinin.
AB  - The visco-elastic properties of the isolated guinea-pig gall-bladder were
      investigated by the dynamic method. The sinusoidal volume changes (up to 0.2 ml)
      and the resulting sinusoidal pressure changes were displayed on the cathode ray
      oscilloscope, the volume being on abscissa and the pressure on ordinate. The
      frequencies of the sinusoidal change in volume were 0.17-0.5 Hz which were 10
      times higher than those in Schoetz et al.'s work (Am. J. Physiol. 241: G376-G381,
      1981). The dynamic pressure-volume relation of the resting gall-bladder was
      nearly linear, but showed the elliptical hysteresis loop during CCK- or ACh
      induced contractions. If frequencies of the sinusoidal change in volume were
      increased to 1.7-3.3 Hz, the hysteresis loop for either relaxing or contracting
      gall-bladder became narrow and guiter-shaped. The dynamic stiffness, the slope of
      the hysteresis loop or the ratio of the maximum of pressure change to the maximum
      of volume change, increased in linear proportion to intraluminal pressure rise
      during contraction. The data could be analysed on the assumption that the visco
      elastic property of the gall-bladder was explained by two Voigt models placed in
      series. The one indicated the property of the smooth muscle tissue, and it had
      low elastance at the resting state, or middle-grade elastance together with high
      viscous resistance at the contraction state. Another one had high elastance and
      low viscous resistance, and it was characterized by collagen fibers involved
      within the organ.

PMID- 3837826
TI  - Calcium induced reversible alterations in excitation-contraction coupling in
      verapamil treated rat myocardium.
AB  - We studied the effects of a calcium channel blocking agent, verapamil (V) (2 to
      10 micrograms/ml), in the presence of increasing external calcium on
      simultaneously recorded transmembrane electrophysiological properties and
      mechanical function of rat myocardium. Left ventricular papillary muscles from
      male Fischer 344 rats were studied electrically, by standard microelectrode
      techniques, and mechanically in an isolated tissue bath at 30 degrees C. Control
      (0 micrograms/ml V + 2.4 mM Ca2+) = C, action potential duration at 50% and 75%
      repolarization (D50ap and D75ap) recorded from papillary muscles were short (14.1
      +/- 0.75 ms; 33.3 +/- 2.7 ms) compared with recordings from papillary muscles
      subjected to increasing doses of verapamil (2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 micrograms/ml) +
      2.4 mM Ca2+ = V, (17.3 +/- 0.77 ms; 121.4 +/- 8.9 ms: 10 micrograms/ml) (P less
      than 0.001). Upon augmentation of external calcium [10 micrograms/ml Verapamil +
      augmented Ca2+ (4.8, 7.2, or 9.6 mM] = VCa, D50ap and D75ap decreased but still
      remained significantly longer than control D50ap and D75ap (15.1 +/- 0.77 ms;
      110.1 +/- 7.9 ms). Developed tension (Td), time to peak developed tension (TPT),
      time to one-half relaxation (T1/2R) and resting tension (Tr) decreased as a
      function of verapamil concentration. Although TPT and T1/2R returned toward C
      values when external calcium was increased, Tr continued to decrease while Td
      increased above control levels. A significant correlation was found between
      measured parameters of contraction and transmembrane action potential for C and
      VCa muscles. However, in V muscles no significant correlation was observed
      between these same mechanical and electrical parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3837828
TI  - [Functional architecture of smooth muscle sphincters: longitudinal and circular
      muscles, encircling the anal canal in cats and dogs].
AB  - The short-lasting 'burst' activity was recorded from decerebrate, unanesthetized
      cats and dogs, by means of a single, bipolar needle electrode, originally aimed
      at recording of 'slow spikes' of internal anal sphincters. The recording of the
      'burst' was more accessible in cats than in dogs, although the same macro
      electrode, of which diameter was 0.3 mm, has been used throughout. There was no
      such species difference of accessibility for recording of 'slow spikes' of
      internal sphincters. Histological examinations indicated that the difference of
      accessibility may be due to relative thinness of muscular tissue in the cat. Some
      of the bursts were seen simultaneously on the background of continuous 'slow
      spikes', however, the most of the bursts appeared in reciprocal manner with those
      'slow spikes', namely, the bursts were elicited by rectal distension, while the
      'slow spikes' of internal sphincters were wholly inhibited by the same
      distension. The participation of bursts to the anal canal pressure was little in
      fact, though the longitudinal length of anal canal was invariably shortened,
      whenever the repetitive bursts occurred either spontaneously or in response. It
      is concluded that the 'burst' activity is generated by longitudinal muscles of
      anal sphincters. The observation suggests further that cell-to-cell electrical
      communication does not operate between longitudinal and circular muscles in this
      portion, instead, that neural mechanism regulates dominantly for co-ordination of
      those muscles encircling the anal canal.

PMID- 3837829
TI  - The estimation of urine bolus volume for patients with congenital hydronephrosis.
AB  - A new examination (bolusmetry) to evaluate the urine transport function of the
      ureteropelvic system was performed in 7 adult patients with congenital unilateral
      hydronephrosis. Whistle-tipped Fr. 5 catheters were introduced to each ureter
      about 5 cm proximal from the ureteral orifice by transurethral endoscopic
      technique. Bolus volume and frequency, and changes in them caused by furosemide
      injection, were estimated by using a drop counter which was connected to the
      terminal end of the ureteral catheter. Bolusmetry was performed comparing the
      hydronephrotic side and the healthy side, pre and postoperatively, and these
      results were then compared with a conventional examination. We obtained the
      following results: Bolus volume of the hydronephrotic side was 0.05 +/- 0.02
      (mean +/- S.D.) ml at oliguric state, and it was significantly lower than the
      value of the healthy side which was 0.19 +/- 0.07 ml. Injection of diuretics
      increased the bolus volume of the healthy side ten times or more. On the other
      hand, the bolus volume of the hydronephrotic side was increased only slightly by
      the injection of furosemide, it being approximately one-fourth of the value of
      the healthy side. The value of bolus frequency was similar to peristaltic
      frequency which was measured by the electromyogram. The tendency of a decrease
      was noticed in bolus frequency of the hydronephrotic side but it was not
      significant. Of patients with severe hydronephrosis, the bolus volume of the
      hydronephrotic side was decreased and the response to the diuretics was not so
      significant. By bolusmetry, functional or organic obstruction of the
      ureteropelvic junction was detected. Of 3 patients who had nephrectomy or
      nephrostomy, the kidney function had deteriorated severely. The bolus volume was
      lower than 0.25 ml at the diuretic state. Bolus volume was increased
      postoperatively in 3 of 4 patients who had received pelvioplasty. One patient did
      not show the formation of bolus by the injection of diuretics, and the cause of
      the hydronephrosis was functional obstruction of the pelvioureteric junction. We
      concluded that bolusmetry is a valuable method for evaluation of the function of
      urine transport in the ureteropelvic system. Especially in hydronephrosis,
      bolusmetry is a useful in the choice of operative procedure, and for
      postoperative evaluation.

PMID- 3837830
TI  - [Effect of proglumide on gastrointestinal motility and gastric secretion in the
      conscious state].
AB  - Proglumide suppressed neither phase III activity nor propagation of
      interdigestive migrating contractions (IMC) in the gastrointestinal tract.
      Furthermore, proglumide did not inhibit the gastric motor activity stimulated by
      pentagastrin, however, it suppressed the pH in Pavlov pouch stimulated by
      pentagastrin in the interdigestive state. On the contrary, in the digestive
      state, proglumide did not suppress the pH. That might be due to not only various
      gut hormones including gastrin, but also neural stimulation, mechanical
      stimulation and so on. In conclusion, antigastrin effect of proglumide is rather
      remarkable on the acid secretion not on the gastrointestinal motor activity.
      Proglumide may be an antacid without suppression of motor activity.

PMID- 3837831
TI  - The pathogenesis of idiopathic portal hypertension (so-called Banti's disease)-
      an experimental study.

PMID- 3837832
TI  - Electron microscopic observations of influenzal pneumonitis.

PMID- 3837833
TI  - An outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in a hospital in Japan.

PMID- 3837834
TI  - [Gram-negative bacteria resistant to antibiotics in foods].
AB  - From 154 food samples, including vegetables (lettuce), milk and meals served at
      school it was possible to isolate and identify 400 Gram negative bacilli
      distributed among 339 enteric bacteria (Escherichia, Shigella, Citrobacter,
      Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia and Proteus) and other 61 non enteric bacilli
      (Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas). Submitting this
      cultures to the drugs sulfadiazine (Su), streptomycin (Sm), tetracycline (Tc),
      chloramphenicol (Cm), kanamycin (Km), ampicillin (Ap), nalidixic acid (Nal) and
      gentamycin (Gm) it was observed only six stocks susceptible to all drugs and
      total sensibility to Gm. Among enteric bacteria the profiles Su (27,6%) and Su-Ap
      (39,6%) predominated, while for the non enteric bacilli percentages of 18.0 for
      Ap and 9.8 for Su-Ap were detected. Aiming to better characterization of
      resistance, experiments of conjugation were made with standard strains of
      Escherichia coli K 12. Great concern was raised by the recognition of these
      cultures due to the elevated R+ taxes for the enteric bacilli that were close to
      90% (milk and food at school) and about 70% in relation to lettuce.

PMID- 3837835
TI  - [Bacterial infection in patients with visceral leishmaniasis].
AB  - In an analysis of 63 hospitalized cases with visceral leishmaniasis, the clinical
      or post-mortem diagnosis of bacterial infection was performed in 33; 13 (39.3%)
      patients had respiratory infection, 4 (12.1%) had skin infection, 4 had urinary
      tract infection, 3 (9.0%) showed ear infection and 2 (6.6%) had infection of the
      oral cavity. It is worth mentioning that in 7 (21%) cases there was infection in
      multiple sites. Gram positive and/or Gram negative organisms were isolated from
      10 patients. In only two (autopsied) cases, infection with less common organisms
      was recorded, one with disseminated candidiasis and another with disseminated
      tuberculosis. Death occurred in 9 of the 63 cases, and in 8 of these, concomitant
      bacterial infection of importance was documented. Patients who had serum
      globulins lower than 4 g% had significantly more infection (p less than 0.05)
      than patients with globulin levels higher than 4 g%; there was no significant
      difference when the number of leucocytes and neutrophils in patients with
      associated infection was compared with those in patients without bacterial
      infection. The present study demonstrates that bacterial infection frequently
      occurs in patients with visceral leishmaniasis, and indicates an unfavourable
      prognosis. Even though the mechanism of increased susceptibility to infection in
      this condition was unclear, the widespread range of infections and of infective
      agents, suggests a multifactorial process.

PMID- 3837836
TI  - [Matched study of Chagas' cardiopathy in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil].

PMID- 3837837
TI  - Lutzomyia gasparviannai Martins, Godoy & Silva, 1962, probable vector of
      Leishmania mexicana ssp. in Viana municipality, Espirito Santo State, Brazil.

PMID- 3837838
TI  - The role of the second post-mortem examination.

PMID- 3837839
TI  - Mechanism for differential sensitivity of the chromosome and growth cycles of
      mammalian cells to the rate of protein synthesis.
AB  - It has been documented widely that when the generation times of eucaryotic cells
      are lengthened by slowing the rate of protein synthesis, the duration of the
      chromosome cycle (S, G2, and M phases) remains relatively invariant.
      Paradoxically, when the growth of exponentially growing cultures of CHO cells is
      partially inhibited with inhibitors of protein synthesis, the immediate effect is
      a proportionate reduction in the rate of total protein, histone protein, and DNA
      synthesis. However, on further investigation it was found that over the next 2 h
      the rates of histone protein and DNA synthesis recover, in some cases completely
      to the uninhibited rate, while the synthesis rates of other proteins do not
      recover. We called this process chromosome cycle compensation. The amount of
      compensation seen in CHO cell cultures can account quantitatively for the
      relative invariance in the length of the chromosome cycle (S, G2, and M phases)
      reported for these cells. The mechanism for this compensation involves a specific
      increase in the levels of histone mRNAs. An invariant chromosome cycle coupled
      with a lengthening growth cycle must result in a disproportionate lengthening of
      the G1 phase. Thus, these results suggest that chromosome cycle invariance may be
      due more to specific cellular compensation mechanisms rather than to the more
      usual interpretation involving a rate-limiting step for cell cycle progression in
      the G1 phase.

PMID- 3837840
TI  - Detection of two chromatin proteins which bind specifically to the 5'-flanking
      region of the rat prolactin gene.
AB  - We employed a protein gel blotting procedure to search for nuclear proteins from
      rat pituitary cells that bind preferentially to the 5'-flanking region of the rat
      prolactin gene. By gel blots of chromatin proteins from GH3 rat pituitary tumor
      cells with a 32P-labeled prolactin genomic clone, we detected two major binding
      proteins with molecular weights of approximately 44,000 and 48,000, designated
      NP44 and NP48, respectively. Both NP44 and NP48 are minor chromatin proteins
      which are extracted at low salt concentrations (0.4 M NaCl) and exhibit a range
      of slightly acidic isoelectric variants. NP44 and NP48 were detected at similar
      levels in chromatin extracts of GH3 cells, the prolactin-negative GC cell variant
      of the GH3 cells, and normal rat pituitary tissue. Considerably lower levels of
      these two proteins were found in chromatin extracts from rat liver and rat C6
      glial cells. NP44 and NP48 exhibit DNA sequence specificity, as evidenced by
      their strong binding to the upstream flanking region of the prolactin gene, but
      only very weak binding to plasmid DNA, rat prolactin or growth hormone cDNAs, or
      upstream flanking regions of two other rat genes. By analyzing subclones of a rat
      prolactin genomic clone, we established that NP44 and NP48 bind to at least two
      sites, which are located between 0.4 and 2.0 kilobases (region I) and between 2.0
      and 4.8 kilobases (region II) upstream of the transcription initiation site.
      These findings are discussed in the context of a possible functional association
      between the strong binding of NP44 and NP48 to the prolactin 5'-flanking region
      and pituitary-specific expression of the prolactin gene.

PMID- 3837841
TI  - Reversion analysis of mutations induced by 5-bromodeoxyuridine mutagenesis in
      mammalian cells.
AB  - Two protocols have been developed, both of which utilize the thymidine analog 5
      bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) to induce mutations in mammalian cells in culture (E.
      R. Kaufman and R. L. Davidson, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:4982-4986, 1978; E.
      R. Kaufman, Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:2449-2454, 1984). The first protocol, termed
      incorporational (INC) mutagenesis, utilizes high concentrations of BrdUrd in the
      culture medium to generate a high intracellular ratio of BrdUTP/dCTP. The second
      protocol, termed replicational (REP) mutagenesis, entails the incorporation of
      BrdUrd into DNA under nonmutagenic conditions, the removal of all BrdUrd from the
      culture medium, and the subsequent replication of the bromouracil-containing DNA
      in the presence of high intracellular levels of dTTP and dGTP. Genetic studies
      using reversion analysis at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
      locus were used to determine whether the mechanisms of these two BrdUrd
      mutagenesis protocols had enough specificity to be distinguishable by their
      ability to revert various mutants. The results of these studies indicated that
      (i) mutants induced by INC mutagenesis were induced to revert only by REP
      mutagenesis and not by INC mutagenesis, (ii) mutants induced by REP mutagenesis
      were more efficiently reverted by INC mutagenesis than by REP mutagenesis, and
      (iii) both spontaneous mutants and mutants induced by the chemical mutagen ethyl
      methanesulfonate showed a high degree of specificity when tested for reversion by
      the BrdUrd mutagenesis protocols.

PMID- 3837842
TI  - Photochemical cross-linking of cap binding proteins to eucaryotic mRNAs: effect
      of mRNA 5' secondary structure.
AB  - We used UV light-induced cross-linking to study the interactions of cap binding
      proteins with the 5' cap structure of eucaryotic mRNAs. Thymidine kinase gene
      (herpes simplex virus type 1) transcripts prepared in vitro using the SP6 RNA
      polymerase transcription system were capped and methylated posttranscriptionally
      with [alpha-32P]GTP and S-adenosyl-L-methionine to yield cap-labeled transcripts.
      Irradiation of capped transcripts with crude rabbit reticulocyte initiation
      factors in the presence of ATP-Mg2+ resulted in the cap-specific cross-linking of
      two polypeptides with molecular masses of 24 and 80 kilodaltons (kDa). The cross
      linking characteristics of these polypeptides resemble those of the cap-binding
      proteins previously detected by a chemical cross-linking assay (N. Sonenberg, D.
      Guertin, D. Cleveland, and H. Trachsel, Cell 27:563-572, 1981). However, the
      relative efficiency of the cross-linking of these two polypeptides to the cap
      structure was different from that in previous studies, and there was no
      detectable cross-linking of the previously described 50-kDa polypeptide. In
      addition, we present data indicating that the insertion of secondary structure
      into the 5' noncoding region of tk mRNA, 6 nucleotides from the cap structure,
      decreases the cap-specific cross-linking of the 80-kDa but not the 24-kDa
      polypeptide. In contrast, the insertion of secondary structure 37 nucleotides
      from the cap structure had no significant effect on the cross-linking of either
      the 24- or the 80-kDa cap-specific polypeptide. These results demonstrate that
      the position of mRNA 5'-proximal secondary structure relative to the cap
      structure can influence the cap-specific interaction between the mRNA and a
      translation initiation factor.

PMID- 3837843
TI  - Transcriptional regulation of two serum-induced RNAs in mouse fibroblasts:
      equivalence of one species to B2 repetitive elements.
AB  - We obtained eight cDNA clones that define five genes whose expression (appearance
      of transcripts in the cytoplasm) is enhanced when quiescent mouse fibroblasts are
      stimulated with serum to divide. Two of these clones (designated 49C8 and 16C8)
      correspond to RNA species that are present in the cytoplasm of quiescent cells at
      very low levels. After serum stimulation, the level of 16C8 mRNA rose more
      rapidly than that of 49C8 RNA, reaching a maximum around 6 to 12 h. The data
      suggest that 49C8 and 16C8 RNAs are induced as a result of independent stimuli.
      Either fibroblast growth factor or 12-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate alone could
      induce 16C8 expression almost as effectively as serum; in contrast, 49C8 was not
      efficiently induced by epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor,
      insulin, or 12-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Inhibitors of transcription and
      translation diminished the induction of 16C8, while 49C8 expression was sensitive
      to actinomycin D but not cycloheximide or 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D
      ribofuranosylbenzimidazole. In vitro transcription experiments with isolated
      nuclei revealed a peak in transcriptional activity of the 16C8 gene at around 3 h
      after serum stimulation. Sequence analysis of the 49C8 cDNA clone showed greater
      than 90% homology of a large portion to a consensus rodent B2 repetitive element.

PMID- 3837844
TI  - Augmented expression of normal c-myc is sufficient for cotransformation of rat
      embryo cells with a mutant ras gene.
AB  - We studied the effect of altered c-myc structure and expression upon the ability
      of c-myc to promote the transformation of normal rat embryo cells when it was
      supplemented by EJras (the mutant c-H-ras1 gene from EJ/T24 bladder carcinoma
      cells). We tested several c-myc alleles cloned from normal and tumor tissues of
      chicken and human origin and found that only LL4myc (derived from a bursal
      lymphoma in which an avian leukosis virus long terminal repeat resides within the
      first c-myc intron in the same transcriptional orientation) had cotransforming
      activity. No activity was observed with normal chicken and human c-myc alleles,
      two other bursal lymphoma c-myc alleles (LL3myc and LL6myc), and two human c-myc
      genes (HSRmyc and DMmyc) from human neuroectodermal tumor cell line COLO320, in
      which c-myc is amplified. Some of these inactive alleles had the following
      alterations that are frequently found in tumor-derived c-myc: point mutations
      affecting the encoded protein (LL3myc); a truncated structure with loss of the
      first, noncoding exon (LL3myc and DMmyc); and proviral integration within or near
      the myc locus (LL3myc and LL6myc). The following two experimental approaches
      indicated that cotransforming activity was directly related to the
      transcriptional activity of the alleles in cultured rat cells: when cotransfected
      into Rat-2 cells, LL4myc was more highly expressed than the other (inactive)
      alleles; and augmented expression of HSRmyc, DMmyc, or normal human or normal
      chicken c-myc placed under the transcriptional control of retroviral long
      terminal repeats or increased expression of normal human c-myc under the
      influence of a retroviral enhancer element was accompanied by cotransformation
      activity. We concluded that augmented expression of even a normal c-myc gene is
      sufficient for cotransforming activity and that additional structural alterations
      frequently found in tumor-derived alleles are neither necessary nor sufficient
      for the gene to acquire rat embryo cell cotransforming properties.

PMID- 3837845
TI  - Extrachromosomal DNA transformation of Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - DNA was introduced into the germ line of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by
      microinjection. Approximately 10% of the injected worms gave rise to transformed
      progeny. Upon injection, supercoiled molecules formed a high-molecular-weight
      array predominantly composed of tandem repeats of the injected sequence. Injected
      linear molecules formed both tandem and inverted repeats as if they had ligated
      to each other. No worm DNA sequences were required in the injected plasmid for
      the formation of these high-molecular-weight arrays. Surprisingly, these high
      molecular-weight arrays were extrachromosomal and heritable. On average 50% of
      the progeny of a transformed hermaphrodite still carried the exogenous sequences.
      In situ hybridization experiments demonstrated that approximately half of the
      transformed animals carried foreign DNA in all of their cells; the remainder were
      mosaic animals in which some cells contained the exogenous sequences while others
      carried no detectable foreign DNA. The presence of mosaic and nonmosaic nematodes
      in transformed populations may permit detailed analysis of the expression and
      function of C. elegans genes.

PMID- 3837847
TI  - Coordinate expression of amplified metallothionein I and II genes in cadmium
      resistant Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - Recombinant DNA probes complementary to Chinese hamster metallothionein (MT)-1
      and MT-2 mRNAs were used to compare MT gene copy numbers, zinc-induced MT mRNA
      levels, and uninduced MT mRNA levels in cadmium-resistant (Cdr) Chinese hamster
      ovary cell lines. Quantitative hybridization analyses determined that the MT-1
      and MT-2 genes are each present at approximately single-copy levels in the genome
      of cell line Cdr2C10 and are coordinately amplified approximately 7, 3, and 12
      times over the Cdr2C10 value in the genomes of cell lines Cdr20F4, Cdr30F9, and
      Cdr200T1, respectively. The maximum zinc-induced MT-1 mRNA concentrations in cell
      lines Cdr20F4, Cdr30F9, and Cdr200T1 were equal to 1, 3, and 15 times that
      measured in Cdr2C10, respectively. Similarly, the maximum zinc-induced MT-2 mRNA
      concentrations were equal to 1, 3, and 14 times that measured in Cdr2C10,
      respectively, and in each instance they were 90 to 150 times greater than their
      respective concentrations in uninduced cells. Thus, relative MT gene numbers are
      closely correlated with both zinc-induced and uninduced MT mRNA levels in
      Cdr2C10, Cdr30F9, and Cdr200T1, but not in Cdr20F4. Each of the latter two lines
      possesses structurally altered chromosomes whose breakpoints are near the MT
      locus. Nonetheless, the ratio of the levels of MT-1 to MT-2 mRNAs was constant in
      each of the four cell lines, including Cdr20F4. These results demonstrate that MT
      1 and MT-2 mRNAs are induced coordinately in each Cdr cell line. Therefore, the
      coordination of the induction of MT-1 and MT-2 mRNA is independent of MT gene
      amplification, MT gene rearrangement, and the relative inducibilities of
      amplified MT genes. However, MT mRNA and protein levels each indicate that MT-1
      and MT-2 expression is non-coordinate in uninduced cells. Thus, regulation of MT
      expression may involve two different mechanisms which are differentially
      operative in induced and uninduced cells.

PMID- 3837846
TI  - Genetic engineering in the Precambrian: structure of the chicken triosephosphate
      isomerase gene.
AB  - We report the sequence of the single chicken triosephosphate isomerase gene and
      its flanking regions. The 3-kilobase-long gene is composed of seven similarly
      sized exons and six introns. By using crystallographic and sequence data, we
      argue that this ancient gene was originally assembled from the genetic
      antecedents of exons.

PMID- 3837848
TI  - Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on human carcinoma cells, inhibition of plasminogen
      activator synthesis, change in cell morphology, and alteration of response to
      cholera toxin.
AB  - Human carcinoma HEp-3 lost its tumorigenic and metastatic potential upon
      prolonged culture in vitro. This change was accompanied by a reduced production
      of plasminogen activator (PA) of the urokinase type (uPA), which is secreted by
      HEp-3 cells, a change in response to effectors that modulate uPA production, and
      an alteration of cell morphology. Similar but more rapid changes occurred when
      malignant HEp-3 cells were exposed to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). uPA activity in
      the culture medium dropped below 50% of the control level within 6 h after the
      addition of DMSO and became undetectable after 24 h of treatment. This drop in
      uPA activity was not caused by an increased production of PA inhibitors. The cell
      associated uPA decreased to 25 to 30% of the control level within 6 h of DMSO
      treatment and remained at this level for at least 96 h; the reduced uPA
      production was partially accounted for by a rapid decrease in the functional and
      chemical concentration of uPA mRNA. In contrast, the concentrations of most of
      the abundant mRNA species did not appear to be significantly affected, and cell
      growth was only slightly inhibited in the presence of DMSO. Malignant HEp-3 cells
      treated with DMSO responded to cholera toxin with an enhanced production of uPA,
      and their morphology became indistinguishable from that of nonmalignant HEp-3
      cells grown in vitro for prolonged periods of time. All of the above changes were
      fully and rapidly reversible. The inhibitory effect of DMSO on PA production
      appears to be specific for uPA of human cell lines.

PMID- 3837849
TI  - Transforming activity of DNA fragments from normal human lymphocytes results from
      spontaneous activation of a c-Ha-ras1 gene.
AB  - An activated human Ha-ras gene was present in a secondary NIH 3T3 transformant
      isolated after serial transfection of originally low-molecular-weight DNA
      fragments from normal human cells. This gene appeared to have acquired its
      transforming properties by a spontaneous mutation in codon 12 by substitution of
      a deoxythymidine residue for a deoxyguanosine residue. DNA rearrangements in the
      flanking sequences of the transferred Ha-ras gene were not involved in the
      activation of the protooncogene.

PMID- 3837850
TI  - Can ACG serve as an initiation codon for protein synthesis in eucaryotic cells?
AB  - An ACG codon, which replaces the AUG codon used to initiate the synthesis of
      bacteriophage T7 gene 0.3 protein, was shown to function as a low-efficiency
      initiation codon in a wheat germ cell-free protein-synthesizing system.

PMID- 3837851
TI  - Transcriptional regulation of a gene encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5
      bisphosphate carboxylase in soybean tissue is linked to the phytochrome response.
AB  - The effects of white light, far-red light, and darkness on the transcription of a
      soybean ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene, SRS1, were
      investigated. RNA was labeled with [alpha-32P]UTP in nuclei isolated from plants
      grown under different conditions of light and darkness and used to probe Southern
      blots and dot blots. The levels of small subunit mRNA synthesis were normalized
      to ribosomal RNA synthesis. We demonstrate that the SRS1 gene is transcribed at a
      rate 16- to 32-fold higher in plants grown in the light than in those grown in
      darkness. Transcription of the small subunit increased dramatically when plants
      grown in darkness were given 30 min to 6 h of light and then leveled off after 24
      to 48 h of exposure. When light-grown seedlings were exposed to greater than 2 h
      of darkness, a gradual decrease in transcription was detected. This decrease in
      transcription reached basal dark-grown levels after 48 h of exposure to darkness.
      The increase in transcription in etiolated seedlings treated with white light for
      15 min could be reduced to basal levels if the treatment was followed by
      treatment with far-red light for 15 min. In addition, transcription in ligh-grown
      seedlings was reduced to basal levels when plants were exposed to far-red light
      for 15 min. The transcription of this ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase small
      subunit gene is strongly positively regulated by white light, is negatively
      regulated by far-red light, and exhibits a classic phytochrome-linked response.

PMID- 3837852
TI  - Control functions of adenovirus transformation region E1A gene products in rat
      and human cells.
AB  - Altered control of the rat cell cycle induced by adenovirus requires expression
      of transformation region E1A, but not of E1B, E2A, E2B, or late genes. We show
      here that neither E3 nor E4 is required, so the effect results directly from an
      E1A product. Mutants with defects in the 289-amino-acid (aa) E1A product had
      little or no effect on the rat cell cycle even at 1,000 IU per cell. A mutant
      (pm975) lacking the 243-aa E1A product altered cell cycle progression, but less
      efficiently than did wild-type virus. The 289-aa E1A protein is therefore
      essential for cell cycle effects; the 243-aa protein is also necessary for the
      full effect but cannot act alone. Mutants with altered 289-aa E1A proteins showed
      different extents of leak expression of viral early region E2A as the
      multiplicity was increased; each leaked more in human than in rat cells. dl312,
      with no E1A products, failed to produce E2A mRNA or protein at 1,000 IU per cell
      in rat cells but did so in some experiments in human cells. There appears to be a
      very strict dependence of viral early gene expression on E1A in rat cells,
      whereas dependence on E1A is more relaxed in HeLa cells, perhaps due to a
      cellular E1A-like function. Altered cell cycle control is more dependent on E1A
      function than is early viral gene expression.

PMID- 3837854
TI  - Nuclear polyadenylate-binding protein.
AB  - Polyadenylate-binding activity can be detected in eluates from sodium dodecyl
      sulfate gels by a nitrocellulose filter-binding assay. Nuclear extracts from rat
      liver show a single peak of binding activity at 50 to 55 kilodaltons; cytoplasmic
      extracts show a single peak at 70 to 80 kilodaltons, corresponding to a 75
      kilodalton protein previously described. Similar results are obtained with yeast
      and mouse fibroblasts, indicating a high degree of conservation of both nuclear
      and cytoplasmic polyadenylate-binding proteins. The activity from rat liver
      nuclei has been purified 125-fold on the basis of specific binding to
      polyadenylate and shows two main bands in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels at 53 and
      55 kilodaltons.

PMID- 3837853
TI  - Deregulation of c-myc gene expression in human colon carcinoma is not accompanied
      by amplification or rearrangement of the gene.
AB  - The structure and expression of the c-myc oncogene were examined in 29 primary
      human colon adenocarcinomas. Dot blot hybridization of total RNA showed that 21
      tumors (72%) had considerably elevated expression of c-myc (5- to 40-fold)
      relative to normal colonic mucosa. These data were corroborated by Northern blots
      of polyadenylated RNA, which showed a 2.3-kilobase transcript. Southern analysis
      of the c-myc locus in these tumors indicated the absence of amplification or DNA
      rearrangement in a 35-kilobase region encompassing the gene. In a parallel study,
      elevated expression of c-myc without amplification or DNA rearrangement was also
      observed in three of six colon carcinoma cell lines examined; in addition, unlike
      a normal colon cell line control, these three cell lines exhibited constitutive,
      high-level expression of the gene during their growth in cultures. These results
      indicate that elevated expression of the c-myc oncogene occurs frequently in
      primary human colon carcinomas and that the mechanism involved in the regulation
      of c-myc expression is altered in tumor-derived cell lines.

PMID- 3837857
TI  - Ejaculations induced by p-chloroamphetamine in the rat.
AB  - The ejaculatory response following acute injections of p-chloroamphetamine (PCA)
      and several other drugs was measured by weighing the compact seminal material
      accumulated over 2 hr. p-Chloroamphetamine caused a dose-dependent ejaculatory
      response that was inhibited by the inhibitor of the synthesis of 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), neurotoxic doses of PCA,
      reserpine, DSP 4 a selective noradrenergic neurotoxin given 48 hr before PCA, the
      inhibitor of synthesis of noradrenaline (NA) FLA 63, the specific inhibitors of
      uptake of 5-HT, alaproclate, fluoxetine and norzimeldine and the selective
      inhibitor of the uptake of NA, CPP 199, the E form of norzimeldine. The doses of
      several receptor antagonists producing a 50% decrease in the weight of seminal
      material were determined. The non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonists, metitepine
      and methergoline, the selective alpha 1-adrenoreceptor antagonists, prazosin and
      phenoxybenzamine and the non-selective alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonist,
      phentolamine, had strong effects, followed by the selective 5-HT2 antagonists,
      ketanserin and pirenperone. Yohimbine, an alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist and
      atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, only produced a partial blockade. The
      rank order of potency for some dopamine (DA) receptor antagonists was
      chlorpromazine, domperidone, haloperidol, pimozide. Remoxipride, a selective DA2
      receptor antagonist and the selective DA1 antagonist, Sch 23390, had no effect.
      The following drugs had no effect: propranolol, naloxone, picrotoxin, cimetidine
      and mepyramine. The 5-HT receptor agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5
      MeODMT 3 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a small effect on the weight of seminal material,
      although 72% of the rats ejaculated. d-Amphetamine did not induce ejaculation at
      5 mg/kg but had a marked effect at 15 mg/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3837856
TI  - Human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: mRNA levels and enzyme activity
      in developing muscle.
AB  - Analysis of human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA revealed that
      levels in adult skeletal muscle are 12-fold greater per microgram of
      polyadenylated RNA than in fetal skeletal muscle, whereas in cardiac muscle RNA
      levels were about equal in fetal and adult tissue. The mRNA levels correlate well
      with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activities. There was no
      evidence for fetus- or tissue-specific forms.

PMID- 3837855
TI  - Induction of acquired thermotolerance in Tetrahymena thermophila: effects of
      protein synthesis inhibitors.
AB  - When Tetrahymena thermophila cells growing at 30 degrees C are shifted to either
      40 or 43 degrees C, the kinetics and extent of induction of heat shock mRNAs in
      both cases are virtually indistinguishable. However, the cells shifted to 40
      degrees C show a typical induction of heat shock protein (HSP) synthesis and
      survive indefinitely (100% after 24 h), whereas those at 43 degrees C show an
      abortive synthesis of HSPs and die (less than 0.01% survivors) within 1 h. Cells
      treated at 30 degrees C with the drugs cycloheximide or emetine, at
      concentrations which are initially inhibitory to protein synthesis and cell
      growth but from which cells can eventually recover and resume growth, are after
      this recovery able to survive a direct shift from 30 to 43 degrees C (ca. 70%
      survival after 1 h). This induction of thermotolerance by these drugs is as
      efficient in providing thermoprotection to cells as is a prior sublethal heat
      treatment which elicits the synthesis of HSPs. However, during the period when
      drug-treated cells recover their protein synthesis ability and simultaneously
      acquire the ability to subsequently survive a shift to 43 degrees C, none of the
      major HSPs are synthesized. The ability to survive a 1-h, 43 degrees C heat
      treatment, therefore, does not absolutely require the prior synthesis of HSPs.
      But, as extended survival at 43 degrees Celsius depends absolutely on the ability
      of cells to continually synthesize HSPs, it appears that a prior heat shock as
      well as the recovery from protein synthesis inhibition elicits a change in the
      protein synthetic machinery which allows the translation of HSP mRNAs at what
      would otherwise be a nonpermissive temperature for protein synthesis.

PMID- 3837859
TI  - Antidipsogenic action of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the rat.
AB  - The effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the intake of water was
      studied in the rat. Intracerebroventricular administration of vasoactive
      intestinal peptide strongly inhibited drinking in rats deprived of water, but
      peripheral administration had no effect, indicating that the site of action was
      central. Drinking induced by angiotensin II was also markedly blocked by
      simultaneous administration of vasoactive intestinal peptide. The results
      indicate that in the rat, vasoactive intestinal peptide may play a role in the
      control of intake of water as a neuropeptide thirst inhibitor.

PMID- 3837858
TI  - Kinetics of the uptake of monoamines into synaptosomes from rat brain.
      Consequences of lithium treatment and withdrawal.
AB  - The uptake systems for noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) into
      synaptosomal preparations from rat brain were found to consist of two components,
      a low-capacity and a high-capacity process. Administration of lithium (2
      mequiv./kg) for 12 days was found to cause an increase in the activity of the low
      capacity uptake process for NA, but to markedly inhibit the high-capacity system
      for this neurotransmitter. Following withdrawal of lithium, the activity of the
      low-capacity system returned to control values, but there was a profound
      enhancement of the high-capacity uptake process of NA. Both the low- and the high
      capacity uptake systems for 5-HT were found to be inhibited by the administration
      of lithium. The reduced activity of the high-capacity system resulting from
      administration of lithium was still present 2 days after the cessation of
      treatment with the drug, whereas the low-capacity process was found to be further
      depressed. The uptake of dopamine (DA) into synaptosomal preparations appeared to
      be more complex than that of NA and 5-HT, since the shape of the substrate
      velocity curve implied some form of multiple and co-operative process. The
      administration of lithium resulted in an enhancement of the uptake of DA in all
      regions of the brain examined, while 2 days of withdrawal from the drug caused a
      reduction to below control values in the amount of DA taken up. It therefore
      seems that alterations in monoaminergic uptake processes play a part in the mode
      of action of lithium, and may be involved in the genesis of the lithium
      withdrawal phenomenon.

PMID- 3837860
TI  - Effects of phencyclidine in combination with morphine on the levels of met
      enkephalin, dopamine, DOPAC and HVA in discrete brain areas of mice.
AB  - The study investigated the interaction between phencyclidine (PCP) and morphine
      in affecting the levels of met-enkephalin, dopamine, DOPAC and HVA in mice.
      Morphine 5 mg/kg alone and PCP 10 mg/kg alone failed to change the levels of met
      enkephalin in the midbrain and striatum. However, PCP in combination with
      morphine produced an increase in met-enkephalin levels and a decrease in HVA
      levels. In the midbrain, there was a direct relationship between the decrease in
      met-enkephalin levels and the increase in HVA levels. These results suggest that
      PCP may change the function in dopaminergic and enkephalinergic neuronal systems
      in the midbrain and/or striatum.

PMID- 3837861
TI  - Neuron activities of monkey prefrontal cortex during the learning of visual
      discrimination tasks with GO/NO-GO performances.
AB  - Neuronal activity in the dorsolateral and ventral prefrontal cortex was studied
      during the learning by six monkeys of the performance of a two-color visual
      discrimination task. The GO/NO-GO task or its reversal consisted of five periods:
      the Start Lamp Period, Lamp-off Period, Cue Period, Response Period, and ITI
      Period (Reward and Control Periods). In sum, 271 task-related neurons were
      studied by means of 545 penetrations. Discharge rates increased or decreased from
      the rate of ITI or preceding periods of the task. Discharge rate changes were of
      either the phasic or tonic pattern. During motor learning extending from a poor
      performance level (50-63% correct), through intermediate (60-83%), to well
      trained levels (above 85%), the number of task-related neurons increased in the
      Cue, Response and ITI Periods, and more task-related neurons showed changes in
      more than one period. During the learning process, not only do more prefrontal
      neurons respond phasically to visual stimuli in the Cue and Response Periods or
      to reward or trial end in ITI, and become activated before lever release, but
      also they become active tonically in the Cue, Response and ITI Periods.

PMID- 3837862
TI  - Reflex responses evoked in the adrenal sympathetic nerve to electrical
      stimulation of somatic afferent nerves in the rat.
AB  - The present study was initiated to determine the role of somatic A (myelinated)
      and C (unmyelinated) afferent fibers in both responses of increases and decreases
      in adrenal sympathetic nerve activities during repetitive mechanical pinching and
      brushing stimulations of the skin in anesthetized rats with central nervous
      system (CNS) intact. Accordingly, changes in adrenal sympathetic nerve activity
      resulting from repetitive and single shock electrical stimulation of various
      spinal afferent nerves, especially the 13th thoracic (Th13) spinal nerve and the
      sural nerve, were examined in urethane/chloralose-anesthetized rats. Repetitive
      electrical stimulation of A afferent fibers in Th13 spinal or sural nerve
      decreased the adrenal nerve activity similarly as brushing stimulation of skin of
      the lower chest or hindlimb did, while repetitive stimulation of A plus C
      afferent fibers of those nerves increased the adrenal nerve activity as pinching
      stimulation of those skins did. Single shock stimulation of spinal afferent
      nerves evoked various reflex components in the adrenal nerve: an initial
      depression of spontaneous activity (the early depression); the following reflex
      discharge due to activation of A afferent fibers (the A-reflex); a subsequent
      reflex discharge due to activation of C afferent fibers (the C-reflex); and
      following post-excitatory depressions. These reflexes seem to be mediated mainly
      via supraspinal pathways since they were abolished by spinal transection at the
      C1-2 level. Although the supraspinal A- and C-reflexes could be elicited from
      stimulation of a wide variety of spinal segmental afferent levels, the early
      depression was more prominent when afferents at spinal segments closer to the
      level of adrenal nerve outflow were excited. It is suggested that the decreased
      responses of the adrenal nerve during repetitive electrical stimulation of A
      afferent nerve fibers are attributable to summation of both the early depression
      and post-excitatory depression evoked by single shock stimulation, while the
      increased responses during repetitive stimulation of A plus C afferent fibers are
      attributable to summation of the C-reflex after single shock stimulation. In
      spinalized rats, repetitive stimulation of Th13 always increased the adrenal
      nerve activities regardless of whether A fibers alone or A plus C fibers were
      stimulated, just as brushing and pinching of the lower chest skin always
      increased them. The increased responses in spinal animals seem to be related to
      the fact that single electrical stimuli of Th13 produced A- and C-reflexes of
      spinal origin without clear depressions.

PMID- 3837863
TI  - An electromyographic analysis of electrically-evoked prey-catching behavior by
      means of stimuli applied to the optic tectum in the Japanese toad.
AB  - As a step toward elucidating the tectal-controlling functions for generating the
      prey-catching motor pattern, electrically-evoked "snapping" (the final
      consummatory phase of the prey-catching sequence) by means of stimuli applied to
      the optic tectum was analyzed using electromyographic methods in freely-moving
      Japanese toads. Electromyographic activities were recorded from the following 7
      muscles in the head region (the presumed "snapping"-related muscles): M.
      depressor mandibulae, M. temporalis, M. sternohyoideus, M. geniohyoideus, M.
      genioglossus, M. hyoglossus, and M. submentalis. It was found that the
      characteristic activities evoked in these muscles were associated with jaw/tongue
      movements during the electrically-evoked "snapping". All of these muscles, except
      for sternohyoideus and geniohyoideus muscles, were activated in an all-or-nothing
      manner which corresponded to the elicitation of the electrically-evoked
      "snapping". It was suggested that such an all-or-nothing character may reflect an
      all-or-nothing property of the neuronal circuits for generating the prey-catching
      motor-pattern.

PMID- 3837864
TI  - The principal pathway from the piriform cortex to the deep amygdaloid nuclei in
      the cat.
AB  - Pathways relaying olfactory information to the deep amygdaloid nuclei (AMYGd)
      were analyzed with electrophysiological techniques in anesthetized cats.
      Stimulation of the piriform cortex (PC) produced orthodromic spikes in some AMYGd
      neurons with a mean latency of 12.2 ms and antidromic responses in other neurons
      with a mean latency of 9.3 ms. Stimulation of the AMYGd produced antidromic
      spikes in some PC neurons with a mean latency of 11.5 ms. Some neurons in the
      entorhinal area (EA) were activated orthodromically from the PC with a mean
      latency of 22 ms, and a proportion of these cells was also activated
      antidromically from the AMYGd. Some neurons in the agranular insular cortex were
      activated orthodromically from the PC, but none of them responded antidromically
      to AMYGd stimulation. From these observations, it is suggested that olfactory
      information reaches the AMYGd directly from the PC or indirectly via the EA, and
      that the direct path conveys the major olfactory input from the PC to the AMYGd.

PMID- 3837865
TI  - Biphasic modulation of spontaneous activities of entopeduncular neurons by
      systemic application of apomorphine in anesthetized cats.
AB  - The responses of entopeduncular neurons to apomorphine were investigated with
      extracellular recording methods in anesthetized cats. Apomorphine was applied
      intravenously in increasing doses, which cumulatively doubled with each addition
      (5-640 micrograms/kg). The spontaneous firing rates of entopeduncular neurons,
      which were inhibited by electrical stimulation of the caudate nucleus, increased
      when lower doses of apomorphine (5-20 micrograms/kg) were applied. However,
      higher doses (40-640 micrograms/kg) produced a dose-dependent decrease in the
      firing rate. The results suggest that there are direct and indirect effects of
      systemically administered apomorphine on entopeduncular neurons which may
      contribute to biphasic responses in the spontaneous discharge rate.

PMID- 3837867
TI  - The taste and mechanical response properties of neurons in the parvicellular part
      of the thalamic posteromedial ventral nucleus of the rat.
AB  - A total of 41 taste and 17 mechanoreceptive neurons were recorded in the
      parvicellular part of the posteromedial ventral nucleus of the thalamus (VPMpc)
      of amobarbital-anesthetized rats. Most of the taste neurons were located in the
      rostral part, while most of the mechanoreceptive neurons were located in the
      middle part of the VPMpc. Stimulation of the whole oral cavity with four basic
      taste stimuli produced smaller mean response magnitudes in these thalamic taste
      neurons than in the parabrachio-thalamic (P-T) taste relay neurons. Receptive
      fields (RFs) for most of the 21 taste neurons examined were located on the tongue
      or on the tongue and palate, as with P-T relay neurons. Some neurons had RFs
      ipsilaterally in the oral cavity, as do P-T relay neurons; but others had RFs
      contralaterally or bilaterally. Several neurons had large RFs in comparison with
      those of P-T relay neurons. A majority of the thalamic taste neurons were also
      mechanosensitive, and their RFs were larger for mechanical stimulation than for
      taste stimulation. Many (12/17) of the mechanoreceptive neurons had a low
      response threshold, activated by stroking the tissue with a glass rod; and others
      had a high response threshold, activated by a pinch with a pair of non-serrated
      forceps. Their RFs were contralaterally or bilaterally located on either the
      tongue, or palate or on both regions. One taste neuron and some mechanoreceptive
      neurons were also excited by mechanical stimulation on the cheek or lip. These
      observations may represent integrative processes for taste and mechanical oral
      information at the thalamic level.

PMID- 3837866
TI  - A depressant area in the lateral nodulus-uvula of the cerebellum for renal
      sympathetic nerve activity and systemic blood pressure in the rabbit.
AB  - Electric stimulation at the nodulus and uvula of the cerebellum with a train of 5
      10 pulses caused a marked depression of the renal sympathetic nerve activity. The
      effective sites were located in a small lateral region extending through the
      dorsal nodulus and encroaching the ventral uvula, at 2.9-3.7 mm lateral to the
      midline. The depression occurred predominantly contralaterally. Stimulation at
      this region with pulse trains lasting for several seconds caused a transient
      reduction of systemic blood pressure.

PMID- 3837868
TI  - Apparent reversals in trapezia: confirmation of the 'tan apex ratio' heuristic.
AB  - A new model for predicting the frequencies of apparent reversals in rotating
      trapezia, proposed by the authors in 1983, is validated and extended in two
      studies. Experiment 1 showed that the model retained its predictive efficiency
      over an increased range of shapes and viewing distances, and with trapezia made
      of sheet metal and not, as previously, of wire. Experiment 2 was designed to
      investigate an unexpected effect, in which the specificity of prediction was
      found to decrease as the corners of the stimulus objects were slightly rounded.

PMID- 3837869
TI  - Shape, height and angular movement in stereokinesis.
AB  - Cues affecting the apparent height (depth) of a stereokinetic 'core' were
      investigated by comparing heights for pairs of rotating figures. Apparent height
      was shown to be independent of the number of bands on the figure and of the
      geometric perspective by which it was drawn. On the other hand, apparent height
      was strongly dependent on eccentricity within the figure, with maximum apparent
      height being achieved at full eccentricity. The reason for the existence of such
      a definite maximum remains obscure.

PMID- 3837870
TI  - The role of disparity gradient in stereo vision.
AB  - Burt and Julesz experimentally demonstrated that, in addition to Panum's fusional
      area, a quantity defined by them and named disparity gradient also plays a
      crucial part in deciding whether the human visual system would be able to fuse
      the images seen by the left and right eyes. The physical meaning of this quantity
      remains obscure despite attempts to interpret it in terms of depth gradient.
      Nevertheless, it has been found to be an effective selector of matches in stereo
      correspondence algorithms. A proof is provided that a disparity gradient limit of
      less than 2 implies that the matches between the two images preserve the topology
      of the images. The result, which is invariant under rotations and under relative
      as well as overall magnifications, holds for pairs of points separated in any
      direction, not just along epipolar lines. This in turn can be shown to prevent
      correspondences being established between points which would have to be located
      in three dimensions on a surface invisible to one eye, assuming opaque surfaces.

PMID- 3837872
TI  - Self-organized formation of colour maps in a model cortex.
AB  - A report is presented of computer simulations which demonstrate the applicability
      of self-organization principles to the formation of a cortical colour map. A two
      dimensional array of cortical units can be shown to become selectively sensitive
      to different colour stimuli in an orderly fashion. The precortical part of the
      simulation model contains three wavelength-sensitive receptors with overlapping
      sensitivity distributions, and a simple opponent processing stage. Each cortical
      unit receives the same activity from the precortical stage by adaptive
      connections. Initially the connections are arbitrary; during self-organization
      they are changed so that different way. Self-organization of the connections can
      be shown to take place even when the stimulation of the receptors is totally
      random, ie the wavelength and purity (and in some simulations the distribution)
      of each stimulus are selected randomly.

PMID- 3837871
TI  - A color-contingent prism displacement aftereffect.
AB  - Observers were trained to point with feedback to red and blue dots whose images
      had been laterally displaced in opposite directions by a reversible prism. On
      pretraining and posttraining trials the red and blue dots were aligned vertically
      in the absence of visual orientation cues. The alignment was modified by the
      pointing training on the posttraining trials. The colors were aligned in the
      direction of their prior prismatic displacement. One control experiment showed
      that the alignment aftereffect requires feedback during the pointing task.
      Another experiment in which observers pointed to the red and blue dots with
      opposite arms showed that pointing to both dots with the same arm was necessary
      to produce the alignment aftereffect. Changes in the perceived position of
      objects in the visual field occur when changes in perceived limb position cannot
      compensate for a sensorimotor conflict. Eye torsion or fixation displacements are
      proposed as alternative mechanisms mediating the aftereffect.

PMID- 3837873
TI  - Dynamic visual capture: apparent auditory motion induced by a moving visual
      target.
AB  - Apparent motion of a sound source can be induced by a moving visual target. The
      direction of the perceived motion of the sound source is the same as that of the
      visual target, but the subjective velocity of the sound source is 25-50% of that
      of the visual target measured under the same conditions. Eye tracking of the
      light target tends to enhance the apparent motion of the sound, but is not a
      prerequisite for its occurrence. The findings are discussed in connection with
      the 'visual capture' or 'ventriloquism' effect.

PMID- 3837874
TI  - Stroop interference based on the multimodal correlates of haptic size and
      auditory pitch.
AB  - In a preliminary experiment subjects were asked to explore three wooden knobs of
      different sizes and to rate each one on a series of 7-point scales. The results
      confirmed that an object may possess a number of multimodal qualities that are
      contingent on its haptic size. The pattern of intercorrelations between the
      qualities was consistent with the pattern that is observed when subjects respond
      to pure auditory tones varying in pitch. For example, small (high-pitched)
      sounds, like small objects, are judged to be sharp, thin, light, weak, fast,
      tense, and bright. The main experiments used a paradigm based on the Stroop
      interference effect. Subjects were required to press one of two keys as quickly
      as possible depending on which of four possible words appeared in the centre of
      the screen. A 50 Hz or a 5500 Hz tone accompanied each test word, and subjects
      responded on two keys that differed in size. Subjects were found to respond more
      slowly when either the pitch of the incidental sound or the size of the key on
      which they responded was incongruent with the multimodal features represented by
      the test word. The results confirm that people are automatically and immediately
      sensitive to the multimodal features of a stimulus when direct sensory evidence
      for the features is absent.

PMID- 3837875
TI  - Matching familiar and unfamiliar faces on internal and external features.
AB  - Two experiments are reported in which subjects were asked to match a photograph
      of a complete face and a simultaneously presented photograph of internal or
      external features of a face, deciding whether or not the two photographs were
      pictures of the same person. In experiment 1 'same' pairs were derived from
      different pictures of the same face, so that subjects had to match the faces and
      not the particular photographs used. Matches based on internal features were
      found to be faster for familiar than for unfamiliar faces, whereas there was no
      difference in reaction time between matches based on the external features of
      familiar and unfamiliar faces. Faster matching of internal features of familiar
      faces was found to hold equally for pairs of photographs that differed in
      orientation of the face or in facial expression. In experiment 2 'same' pairs
      were derived from the same photographs, which gave subjects the choice of
      matching on the basis of the features of the depicted faces or matching the
      photographs. Reaction times were faster than in experiment 1, and there were no
      differences between familiar and unfamiliar faces. The study confirms reports of
      differential saliency of the internal features of familiar faces, and shows that
      this only holds when stimuli are treated as faces. The finding thus reflects
      properties of structural rather than pictorial codes.

PMID- 3837876
TI  - Thatcher and the Cheshire cat: context and the processing of facial features.
AB  - As has been noted before, a face made gruesome by the inversion of its mouth will
      not be so perceived when the entire construction is inverted. Results are
      presented which suggest that this is because the mouth and eye features are
      evaluated individually (although each feature may influence the evaluation of the
      other) and the mouth, whether normal or inverted, tends to have its uppermost
      part assigned as 'top', providing for either a pleasant smiling-mouth expression
      or a gruesome 'biting-intention' expression. However, the gruesomeness of an
      inverted mouth is attenuated when eyes are shown below it (producing an inverted
      smiling face) which suggests that the location of other facial features can also
      influence the assignments of 'top'.

PMID- 3837877
TI  - Effect of color on judgments of food aroma and flavour intensity in young and
      elderly adults.
AB  - The hypothesis was tested that subjects' judgments of food aroma and flavour
      strength will be increasingly influenced by food color as the chemosensory
      differences between foods become less apparent. Elderly (n = 24) and young (n =
      22) adults were presented with pairs of food samples and instructed to indicate
      which sample had the more intense aroma or flavor. The chemosensory
      discriminations varied in difficulty, and the color of the food pairs was also
      manipulated so that either they were similarly colored, or the color strength
      differed so that it was either positively or inversely correlated with flavour
      strength. Overall, the results failed to support the hypothesis that color alters
      the perceived intensity of the food aroma or flavor. There was a weak trend
      toward a greater number of errors among sample pairs that varied in color,
      especially when color strength was inversely related to flavor strength. Elderly
      and young adult groups did not differ in chemosensory ability or in their
      responses to food color differences, although the elderly adults were
      significantly more certain of the accuracy of their chemosensory judgments.

PMID- 3837878
TI  - Effect of modality-specific experience on visual and haptic judgment of
      orientation.
AB  - Although the 'oblique effect' (poorer performance on oblique orientations as
      compared to performance on vertical and horizontal orientations) is generally
      understood as a strictly visual phenomenon, a haptic oblique effect occurs for
      blindfolded subjects required to set a stimulus rod by hand. Because oblique
      effects are often attributed to the observer's experience with a predominantly
      horizontal and vertical environment, we assessed the effect of visual and haptic
      experience by providing subjects with modality-specific inspection periods to
      familiarize them with the more poorly judged obliques. Oblique error was
      significantly reduced in magnitude for judgments made by the modality of
      experience, and for judgments made across modalities. Rate of improvement,
      consistency of transfer, and the subjective reports of subjects indicate that
      this haptic oblique effect is more strongly influenced by visual experience and
      imagery than by haptic experience. It need not be interpreted as an effect based
      on factors intrinsic to the haptic modality.

PMID- 3837879
TI  - Orientation and alignment misjudgement: new geometrical optical illusions?
AB  - Misjudgement of orientation is demonstrated in drawings of tilted quadrangles
      with parallel diagonals. Apparent misalignment of apices and/or line-segment ends
      is shown in drawings of differently oriented rectangle, angles, and line
      segments.

PMID- 3837880
TI  - Clinical pathological correlation.

PMID- 3837881
TI  - Functional and anatomic recovery in the monkey brain following excision of fetal
      encephalocele.
AB  - Teratogen-induced herniation of the occipital lobes (encephalocele) in monkey
      fetuses was repaired by amputation and cranioplasty in utero or postnatally. The
      in utero-treated animals had normal vision, CT scans indicated normal brain
      density, and autoradiographic visualization of the striate cortex by the [14C]-2
      deoxyglucose mapping revealed almost complete functional and anatomic recovery.
      The animals treated postnatally were blind, and exhibited significant structural
      deficit in the operated area.

PMID- 3837882
TI  - Animal bites causing central nervous system injury in children. A report of three
      cases.
AB  - Three cases of animal bites causing central nervous system injury in children are
      reported. Two infants suffered compound depressed skull fractures as a result of
      dog bites to the head. An older child suffered direct injury to the spinal cord
      from a tiger bite. In 2 cases, Pasteurella meningitis occurred. Pitfalls in the
      management of this type of problem are discussed.

PMID- 3837883
TI  - [Classification of subtypes and multiphasic observation of schizophrenia].

PMID- 3837884
TI  - [Criticism on fetal experimentation at Gifu University].

PMID- 3837885
TI  - [Non-therapeutic experimentation using children--an instance at the Psychiatric
      Department, Fukushima University Medical School].

PMID- 3837886
TI  - [Psychiatric research and human rights--disclosure of the problem triggered by
      the incident at the Utsunomiya hospital].

PMID- 3837887
TI  - [Schizophrenia and drug therapy].

PMID- 3837888
TI  - [Therapeutic approach in dysfunctions of schizophrenia based on the disability
      theory].

PMID- 3837889
TI  - [Problems associated with diagnosis and treatment of endogenous manias].

PMID- 3837890
TI  - [Treatment of depressive disorders and current trends in inpatients].

PMID- 3837892
TI  - [Symptom structures in schizophrenia--with special reference to negative and
      positive symptoms].

PMID- 3837891
TI  - [Classification of so-called endogenous psychoses and proposed diagnostic
      criteria].

PMID- 3837893
TI  - [Senile dementia--a neuropathological viewpoint].

PMID- 3837894
TI  - [Comments on psychiatric care--with special reference to the incident at the
      Utsunomiya Hospital].

PMID- 3837895
TI  - [Future directions in mental health care--recognition of the present status as
      the starting point].

PMID- 3837896
TI  - [Future directions in mental health care--based on the analysis of the present
      status in Okayama Prefecture].

PMID- 3837897
TI  - [Future directions in mental health care--a specific plan for the improvement of
      mental health care proposed by the union of workers employed by municipal
      governments].

PMID- 3837898
TI  - [Problems concerning psychiatric care in relation to the duration of
      hospitalization--a comparison between Japan and the United States].

PMID- 3837900
TI  - [Approach to psychiatric patients hospitalized for extended periods at public
      institutions].

PMID- 3837899
TI  - [Problems of so-called extended stay at psychiatric hospitals].

PMID- 3837901
TI  - [Ethno-sociological observation of long-term hospitalization].

PMID- 3837902
TI  - [Problems of psychiatric patients hospitalized for extended periods in Europe and
      developing countries].

PMID- 3837903
TI  - [Frontal midline theta activity (Fm theta) as a physiological indicator of
      anxiety].

PMID- 3837904
TI  - [Affective disorders and sleep polygraphy].

PMID- 3837905
TI  - [Effects of tricyclic antidepressants on sleep polygraphy].

PMID- 3837907
TI  - [Schizophrenia and event-related potentials].

PMID- 3837906
TI  - [Affective disturbances and contingent negative variation].

PMID- 3837908
TI  - [Event-related potentials in schizophrenia and depressive disorders and their use
      in clinical diagnosis].

PMID- 3837909
TI  - [Schizophrenia and eye movements].

PMID- 3837910
TI  - Interaction with objects by group-living Saimiri sciureus.
AB  - We have studied the spontaneous interaction with small, inedible objects by group
      living Saimiri. Twenty-one animals living in a large outdoor enclosure were
      presented with a set of 10 novel objects of diverse materials, colors, sizes, and
      shapes. We have used a sampling technique to record the number of monkeys
      interacting with each object; qualitative observations complemented these
      measurements. Next day the same objects were presented again and the observations
      continued. This experiment was repeated with some variations three times over a
      period of six months. The highest score for novel objects was obtained
      immediately upon objects presentation; afterwards the score sharply decreased for
      that day. On second presentation of the same objects the scores were more evenly
      distributed during the day, the cumulative total resembling that of day one.
      Objects' characteristics influenced the amount of interaction with them. The
      important factors seemed to be the material the objects were made of and their
      complexity. The objects that were contacted most frequently elicited intense
      investigative behavior and social play. These results differ from some previous
      works in which Saimiri were observed to interact only rarely with novel objects.

PMID- 3837911
TI  - Gender differences in pre-retirement attitudes and activities in a Puerto Rican
      sample.
AB  - The objective of this study was to identify the pre-retirement attitudes and
      activities of personnel at the Medical Sciences Campus of the University of
      Puerto Rico in order to ascertain the existence of any differences by gender. It
      was expected that the persistence of the traditional double standard of conduct
      for men and women in contemporary Puerto Rican society would find women with a
      more positive attitude towards retirement since, it will not affect their self
      esteem relative to the breadwinner role as it does for men. For purposes of this
      study a questionnaire was developed consisting of: background information,
      activity level indicator, and a pre-retirement attitude indicator. A sample of
      235 subjects was systematically selected, of these 66 (28 per cent) are male and
      169 (72 per cent) are female. The gender groups were sub-divided into
      occupational sub-categories of faculty and non-faculty. The average age of female
      faculty is 41 years as compared to 37 years for non-faculty females but both
      groups of males average 41 years. Females had lower levels of educational
      attainment than the male respondents and this results in their having a lower
      income level. The relation of occupational category to activity was significant
      but that of gender was not. Gender was found to influence the types of activities
      participated in. The findings lead to the conclusion that gender continues to
      play a central role in an individual's attitudes and activities within Puerto
      Rican society.

PMID- 3837912
TI  - [ABAC, a closed system: problems and solutions, currency and perspectives].
AB  - The ABAC System, as it is currently configured, uses pre-determined panels of
      antibiotics. This form of presentation is a limit for the use of the large number
      of new molecules, mainly active on Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, the
      introduction of a new disposable, called "Gram-negative bacteria--new molecules"
      is suggested. Such a device will contain those additional and more widely tested
      antibiotics. According to recent studies concerning the pathology of Gram
      positive organisms and the chemotherapeutic treatment for such pathology, changes
      in the disposable formulations for staphylococci and streptococci are proposed.

PMID- 3837913
TI  - Serum markers of hepatitis B virus and anti-delta antibody in chronic liver
      disease.

PMID- 3837914
TI  - [Slow-type familial alloalbuminemia].
AB  - After a brief introduction concerning bisalbuminemia, the authors go on to
      describe the specific cases they have observed: the subjects are all members of
      the same family. A total of 15 subjects have been observed; 8 of which have
      showed evidence of alloalbuminemia of the slow type. The parallel chemical and
      clinical investigations conducted have demonstrated no evidence of concomitant
      pathological situations. In addition, further checks carried out 20-30 days later
      have showed results identical to those of the first observation.

PMID- 3837915
TI  - [Hematologic characterization and analysis of genetic transmission in a case of
      double heterozygosity Hb Lepore/beta-thalassemia].
AB  - Double heterozygosis condition for hemoglobin variants induce clinical syndromes
      known as intermediate thalassemias. Their diagnosis is often of certain
      difficulty because of their low frequency and heterogeneity of clinical
      expressions. We report a case of a 4 year child admitted to our medical center
      with a story of hepatosplenomegaly. An appropriate hematological study on
      patient's family permitted a diagnosis of double heterozygosis for Hb Lepore and
      beta-thalassemia. Results of hematological investigation are reported.

PMID- 3837916
TI  - [Research on IgG and IgM anti-Legionella pneumophila group 1 in 101 subjects with
      pneumonitis].
AB  - IgG and IgM antibodies anti-Legionella pneumophila group 1 were detected by
      fluorescent-antibody technique according to Wilkinson et al. (1979) in the sera
      of 101 patients with pneumonia. Positive sera were tested by the same authors'
      modified technique (1981). Our results indicate a low specificity of the first
      method, since 43.7% of the IgG-positive sera and all the IgM-positive sera were
      negative when tested by the modified method. 8.9% of the sera were IgG-positive,
      confirming the relatively high diffusion of the microorganism. In none of the
      studied patients an increase on antibody titer or an IgM-positivity were
      observed; in none of the studied cases of pneumonia the aetiological agent was
      therefore Legionella pneumophila.

PMID- 3837917
TI  - [Hyperlipidemia in uremic patients in dialysis].
AB  - Serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein
      cholesterol (HDL-C), apoproteins (apo) A and B were compared in 36 hemodialysis
      patients and in 20 normal controls. Hyperlipidemia was present in 22 patients
      (59.4%); 15 of them had simple hypertriglyceridemia and 7 had combined
      hyperlipidemia (i.e., hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia). All
      hemodialysis patients, whether normo- or hyperlipidemic, had normal apo A and low
      HDL-C serum concentrations. Positive risk factors for atherosclerosis other than
      low HDL-C (high serum apo B concentration and low apo A/apo B ratio) were present
      in hyperlipidemic patients only, with no difference between those with simple
      hypertriglyceridemia and combined hyperlipidemia. These results suggest that the
      risk for atherosclerosis related to lipid abnormalities may be considered as
      substantial in hyperlipidemic hemodialysis patients, but not in normolipidemic
      ones, regardless of the cholesterolemic values.

PMID- 3837918
TI  - [Acari of food storage facilities. An ecologic and immuno-allergic study].
AB  - The authors studied the commonest species of storage mites, living in granaries
      and in house dust. They found nine species of mites belonging to different
      systematic groups and were identified: Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae,
      Glycyphagus domesticus, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Chortoglyphus arcuatus,
      Androlaelaps casalis, Cheyletus fortis, Cheyletus tenuipilis, Thyreophagus
      entomophagus. Skin tests were performed on 14 patients with house dust allergy,
      using extracts of three storage mites, most commonly found in house dust (Acarus
      siro, Glycyphagus domesticus, Lepidoglyphus destructor) and Euroglyphus maynei,
      Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae. The results of the skin
      tests have suggested that sensitization to storage mites may be due a degree of
      cross-reaction between storage species and the two Dermatophagoides.

PMID- 3837919
TI  - [Value of various hematologic indexes proposed for identifying healthy carriers
      of the beta-thalassemic trait].
AB  - The results of a screening for beta-heterozygous thalassemia conducted on 999
      school-boys aged from 11 to 13 are the following: 7.5% of the subjects were taker
      of the thalassemia trait; 74 subjects over 75 with beta-heterozygous thalassemia
      had "Mean Corpuscolar Volume" (MCV) values below 70 fl. The results of the
      subjects with globular volume less than or equal to 79 fl (with or without beta
      thalassemia) were used to compare the diagnostic accuracy of beta-thalassemia for
      the hematological indexes of England-Fraser, Mentzer, Shine-Lal and the MCV
      estimations. This comparison has shown better results in terms of sensibility and
      specificity for MCV with respect to the other indexes. A more extensive
      application of the study could be convenient in order to evaluate if the MCV
      level of 70 fl is effective to discriminate between beta-thalassemia and non
      thalassemic microcytosis.

PMID- 3837920
TI  - Haematological changes in natural and experimental peste des petits ruminants
      virus infection in goats.

PMID- 3837921
TI  - [A case of pulmonary tuberculosis in a dromedary].

PMID- 3837922
TI  - [A strain of Cowdria ruminantium isolated in Guadeloupe (French West Indies)].

PMID- 3837923
TI  - [Parasitic diseases of monogastric animals in Guadeloupe].

PMID- 3837924
TI  - [Parasitic diseases of ruminants in Guadeloupe].

PMID- 3837925
TI  - [Epidemiology of digestive parasitic diseases of cattle in Guadeloupe].

PMID- 3837926
TI  - [Efficacy against Glossina morsitans submorsitans of screens of different colors,
      with or without addition of black mosquito netting].

PMID- 3837927
TI  - [Toxicity of Calotropis procera. Effect of a Calotropis procera-based feed on
      embryonic and neonatal mortality in laboratory mice].

PMID- 3837928
TI  - Control of reendothelialization: the importance of endothelial microfilaments,
      microtubules and centrosomes in endothelial locomotion.
AB  - It appears then that the F-actin microfilaments and the centrosome and associated
      microtubules of the endothelial cytoskeleton are important in the repair of
      endothelial denudation. These dynamic cytoskeletal systems are able to act
      rapidly and can be regulated by a variety of factors including neighboring cells,
      extracellular matrix, and soluble factors in the environment. One testable
      hypothesis is that atherogenic agents which have been shown to enhance
      atherosclerosis may in fact act by perturbation of the endothelial cytoskeleton
      resulting in abnormal repair of the endothelial monolayer.

PMID- 3837929
TI  - Synthesis and turnover of protein-bound Nt-methylhistidine in cultured vascular
      smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells cultured for 14 days in second passage produce
      significant amounts of protein-bound radioactive Nt-methylhistidine when pulsed
      with radiolabelled histidine. Much of the radioactive Nt-methylhistidine is
      located in the actin synthesized by these cells. Pulse chase data also suggest
      this newly synthesized Nt-methylhistidine disappears from the cell layer at two
      distinctly different rates: one with a half-life of 2.4 days, and the other with
      a half-life of approximately 17 days. Radioactive Nt-methylhistidine to histidine
      ratio reaches a maximum approximately 8 days following the 1-day [14C]histidine
      pulse. During the initial 15-day chase period, there is a substantial net
      accumulation of total Nt-methylhistidine in the culture flasks. The data
      presented in this communication indicate that methods to evaluate Nt
      methylhistidine synthesis and disappearance in cultures are feasible when
      radiolabelled histidine is employed.

PMID- 3837930
TI  - Mercury-induced autoimmune glomerulonephritis in inbred rats. I. Kinetics and
      species specificity of autoimmune responses.
AB  - The nephropathy observed in rats after administration of mercuric chloride can be
      used to clarify the mechanisms underlying renal autoimmunity induced by
      chemicals. As a necessary preliminary step in the study of this animal model, we
      have investigated the kinetics and species-specificity of autoimmune responses to
      renal antigens. By a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA), circulating autoantibodies to the glomerular basement membrane of the
      kidney (anti-GBM) have been detected within 8 days after the initiation of
      mercuric chloride treatment. Anti-GBM antibodies reach a peak by 15 days and then
      decrease rapidly in the following 2 weeks. Extensive cross-reactions between rat
      and human GBM antigens have been detected by ELISA, indicating a high degree of
      conservation of some renal autoantigens and suggesting certain similarities
      between the autoimmune response induced in rats by mercuric chloride and that
      observed in human glomerulonephritis caused by anti-GBM. Dose-response studies
      have been performed to ascertain whether anti-GBM responses are correlated with
      massive kidney damage and release of renal antigens. We have noted that a wide
      range of levels of mercuric chloride are capable of stimulating the production of
      anti-GBM and that animals receiving this chemical in as low a concentration as
      0.02 mg/100 g body weight (i.e. a dose ten times lower than those causing massive
      nephrotoxic effects) still have anti-GBM specifically bound to their kidneys.
      Thus, it is possible that the administration of mercury compounds to BN rats
      results in kidney autoimmunity not only because of the release of renal
      autoantigens, but also through the activation of specific lymphocytes and/or
      disruption of regulatory networks. Finally, we have observed that both BN and
      MAXX rats produce anti-GBM after mercuric chloride treatment, while M520 rats do
      not. Since the MAXX strain was initially obtained from a cross of BN and Lewis
      rats and shares antigens of the major histocompatibility complex with the BN
      strain, our findings stress the importance of genetic factors in chemical-induced
      autoimmunity and suggest that a similar situation may occur in human subjects
      exposed to environmental chemicals.

PMID- 3837931
TI  - Effect of phenobarbital on the content of RNA polymerase B regulatory factors
      during diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat.

PMID- 3837932
TI  - Growth rate of primary bronchogenic carcinomas and tumor size.

PMID- 3837933
TI  - Long-term oral administration of potassium bromate in male Syrian golden
      hamsters.

PMID- 3837934
TI  - The anti-nuclear movement of the medical men.

PMID- 3837935
TI  - Role of reversed connection in conducting the pedagogic process in post-graduate
      training of health care organizers.

PMID- 3837936
TI  - Smoking during pregnancy: its effects on the intrauterine development.

PMID- 3837937
TI  - [Analysis of the quality of pregnancy recuperation care in Magdeburg District].

PMID- 3837938
TI  - Epidemiological considerations on the medical and socio-economic implications of
      arterial hypertension (observations in a knit ready-made clothing manufactory).

PMID- 3837939
TI  - Management improvement of medical assistance granted in urban out-patient clinics
      (results of practical experience).

PMID- 3837940
TI  - Readjustment organization and its import in shipbuilding industry.

PMID- 3837941
TI  - A new device of esophageal dilatation for the severe and recurrent postoperative
      stenotic stoma.

PMID- 3837942
TI  - The procedure to get minimum deviation for the data processing of evoked
      potential study.

PMID- 3837943
TI  - The correlation between the grading and nuclear size of renal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3837944
TI  - The U wave change during increased blood pressure.

PMID- 3837945
TI  - Baseball elbow of young players.

PMID- 3837946
TI  - Epidemiological study on serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozyme and serum
      vitamin C.

PMID- 3837947
TI  - An experimental study on entrapment neuropathy--electrophysiological study.

PMID- 3837948
TI  - Plasma cell leukemia accompanied by polyclonal gammopathy and congenital tumor in
      the atrioventricular node.
AB  - A 32-year-old man with plasma cell leukemia and congenital tumor of the
      atrioventricular node is described. Although M protein could not be detected by
      immunoelectrophoresis, the examination of bone marrow atypical plasma cells with
      immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase showed that most of these plasma cells
      produced IgG or IgA. Also some plasma cells possessed concomitantly both IgG and
      IgA. An electrocardiogram revealed complete atrioventricular block. The patient
      died of aspergillosis and bleeding in the lung. Postmortem examination revealed
      the infiltration of atypical plasma cells in the bone marrow, spleen, liver and
      lungs, and infiltration of mesothelial tumor cells in the atrioventricular node.

PMID- 3837949
TI  - Age and sex distribution in chronic renal failure patients at dialysis induction.
AB  - Age distribution at dialysis induction among patients with chronic renal failure
      was studied in 579 cases. Age distribution differed depending on the primary
      renal diseases and sex. In chronic glomerulonephritis, males were most numerous
      in the 30-39 year-old group, followed by the 40-49 and 20-29 year-old groups.
      They decreased with age. Females showed the same frequencies among the 20-29, 30
      39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69 and 70-79 year-old groups. However, the 50-59 year-old
      group had the most cases. Among cases of diabetic nephropathy, males were most
      numerous in the 50-59 year-old group and females in the 60-69 year-old group.
      Progression of the disease to renal failure seemed to be more rapid in males than
      in females. Natural history and possible risk factors in patients with chronic
      renal failure maintained on hemodialysis were discussed.

PMID- 3837950
TI  - 'So-called mesothelioma' of the atrioventricular node--immunohistochemical study.
AB  - So-called mesothelioma of the atrioventricular node is a rare lesion and a cause
      of sudden, unexpected death. A case of congenital complete heart block
      accompanied by polyclonal immunoblastosis is presented. The histological features
      of our case are fundamentally similar to that of the cases previously reported.
      Immunohistochemical findings indicated that the tumor may have originated from
      aberrant epithelial or mesothelial tissue.

PMID- 3837951
TI  - Herpes simplex encephalitis: further evidence for persistent infection in the
      CNS.
AB  - Herpes simplex virus (HSV) antibody titers and IgG, IgM and IgA concentrations in
      the cerebrospinal fluid were serially measured in a patient with HSV encephalitis
      during a follow-up period of 32 months. HSV antibody titers, all classes of
      immunoglobulins and Ig% showed significant elevation during the course of
      illness, though IgM% and IgA% gradually declined after the acute phase. Autopsied
      brain tissue failed to yield a virus isolate, but conspicuous perivascular
      lymphocyte infiltrate, which is compatible with HSV encephalitis, was seen. These
      observations suggest the occurrence of HSV persistence and persistent antigen
      stimulation in the central nervous system, analogous to the well-recognized
      latent condition within the trigeminal ganglion.

PMID- 3837952
TI  - Neurological manifestations in chronic alcoholics.
AB  - One hundred and twenty-two chronic alcoholics were examined neurologically after
      more than 14 days of abstinence. A high frequency of the following was noted:
      abnormal smooth pursuit eye movement, hyperreflexia, snout reflex,
      incoordination, and signs suggesting peripheral neuropathy. Some significant
      mutual correlations among these neurological signs were noted, although they
      characteristically appeared independently and no patient showed typical clinical
      features of classical alcoholic neurological diseases, such as Wernicke-Korsakoff
      syndrome. Only abnormal smooth pursuit eye movement and incoordination showed
      significant correlation with nutritional status and these signs were more
      frequently present in the poor nutritional status group. There seemed to be a
      correlation between abnormal smooth pursuit eye movement and cortical atrophy on
      head CT scan. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms underlying these neurological
      abnormalities are discussed.

PMID- 3837954
TI  - On the practice of medicine and on the culture and customs in Japan--an
      impression of an American student.

PMID- 3837953
TI  - Measurement and comparison of gastric emptying and esophageal manometry in
      patients with reflux esophagitis.
AB  - Forty-two patients with reflux esophagitis were referred for gastric emptying
      evaluations. Esophageal manometry was performed on them. Gastric emptying was
      significantly delayed in patients with reflux esophagitis compared to normal
      subjects. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) showed no significant
      difference between patients and controls. Acid clearing test was prolonged in
      patients with reflux esophagitis more than in normal subjects. The subjects were
      divided into two groups for gastric emptying evaluations; a group with delayed
      gastric emptying and one with rapid gastric emptying as compared with normal
      criteria. LESP in 7 cases of rapid gastric emptying among 42 patients (16.6%) was
      only significantly lower than in normal subjects. The pathogenesis of reflux
      esophagitis had been previously thought to be a low LESP and/or a prolonged acid
      clearing. However, we think that a delayed gastric emptying may be one of the
      pathogenetic characteristics.

PMID- 3837955
TI  - Development and application of a direct radioimmunoassay for aldosterone in
      saliva.
AB  - A previously described direct radioimmunoassay for plasma aldosterone has been
      modified to enable direct measurement of the steroid in saliva. The specificity
      of the method has been demonstrated by assay after high pressure liquid
      chromatographic purification of saliva extracts. Assay of matched plasma and
      saliva samples taken from normal subjects during unrestricted and controlled
      sodium intakes, either under basal conditions or while undergoing ACTH
      stimulation or dexamethasone suppression, confirms that salivary aldosterone
      values provide a good reflection of levels in plasma. Mean salivary aldosterone
      values are approximately one-third of those in plasma. Sampling immediately upon
      waking appears to provide reliable values for salivary aldosterone, and the
      potential application of this technique to the screening of hypertensive patients
      is discussed.

PMID- 3837956
TI  - Effect of in vitro ketoconazole on steroid production in rat testis.
AB  - In an attempt to confirm where in the testosterone (T) biosynthetic pathway of
      the rat testis ketoconazole (KTZ) inhibits T production, rat testicular mince was
      incubated with either 10 micrograms/ml or 100 micrograms/ml KTZ in the presence
      and absence of hCG (1 IU), and intratesticular pregnenolone (delta 5P),
      progesterone (P), 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-HP), androstenedione (A)
      and testosterone (T) were assayed. In the absence of hCG, 10 micrograms/ml KTZ
      was sufficient to reduce intratesticular T by 80%. At this concentration of KTZ,
      intratesticular 17 alpha-HP (ng/g testis, mean +/- SEM) increased from 0.3 +/-
      0.1 to 1.3 +/- 0.2 (p less than 0.0025), whereas intratesticular A decreased from
      84 +/- 7 to 17 +/- 1 (p less than 0.005). KTZ did not inhibit the conversion of P
      to 17 alpha-HP. From these data it was concluded that KTZ has its inhibitory
      effect on testosterone biosynthesis in the rat testis primarily at the step
      catalyzed by the 17,20 desmolase enzyme.

PMID- 3837957
TI  - Synthesis of some analogs of estradiol.
AB  - As part of a search for estradiol derivatives designed for conjugation to
      carboxyl or amine functions of anti-cancer agents or suitable derivatives
      thereof, estradiol analogs with side chains at the C-16 or -17 position were
      prepared for biological assay. These analogs include several which have a
      substituted nitrogenous function at C-17. The avidity of some of these analogs
      for binding to estrogen receptor was found to be of a low order.

PMID- 3837959
TI  - Saving the world.

PMID- 3837960
TI  - A study of vocal cord palsy.

PMID- 3837958
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies--of mice and men.

PMID- 3837962
TI  - Aging on the inside: current status of geriatric medicine, 1985.

PMID- 3837963
TI  - Alcoholism in a university faculty.

PMID- 3837961
TI  - Degenerative lesions of a coronary chemoreceptor and nearby neural elements in
      the hearts of victims of sudden death.
AB  - A coronary chemoreceptor and its neighboring nerves and ganglia were studied by
      serial sections of tissue taken from the hearts of sixteen victims of sudden
      unexpected death. Either focal or extensive inflammatory destruction was present
      in the chemoreceptors of 13 of the 16 hearts, and similar abnormalities of local
      nerves and ganglia were present in all 16 hearts. Since an identical coronary
      chemoreceptor in the dog has previously been shown to be the site of origin of a
      powerful reflex with major influence upon the electrical activity heart, the
      functional significance of the neural abnormalities found in these 16 human
      hearts may include important distortion of cardiac rhythm, conduction or
      repolarization. Future studies are needed to determine the prevalence of such
      lesions in the hearts of other victims of sudden death and among control
      subjects, as well as to determine the etiology of this special neuropathology of
      the heart.

PMID- 3837964
TI  - Synchrotron radiation for transvenous coronary angiography.

PMID- 3837965
TI  - Emporiatric enteritis: lessons learned from U.S. students in Mexico.
AB  - In the studies reported, evidence has been presented that U.S. students traveling
      to Mexico represent a model for the study of travelers' diarrhea. The incidence
      of illness acquisition approximates that published in other studies of travelers.
      Natural immunity was shown to develop as students remained in Mexico presumably
      through repeated exposure to prevalent agents, particularly ETEC. ETEC, shigella
      strains and no detectable agent represented the largest groups when etiologic
      assessment was made. Food probably served as the important source of diarrhea
      particularly that due to ETEC and shigella strains. The level of bacteria
      isolated from food suggested that organism replication occurred due to improper
      temperature storage rather than to heavy initial contamination. The location of
      food consumption was related to degree of risk: self preparation was the safest,
      eating in Mexican homes the least safe and consumption of food in public
      restaurants was intermediate in risk. Water probably played a role in the
      transmission of viral infection. The risk of water contamination appeared to be
      highest during the rainy seasons. Finally, the antimicrobial agents TMP/SMX and
      TMP alone were shown to effectively prevent and treat this form of travelers'
      diarrhea.

PMID- 3837966
TI  - A rational scientific basis for subclassification of antiarrhythmic drugs.
AB  - The subclassification of Vaughan Williams Class I agents into IA, IB, and IC
      groups on empiric and clinical grounds has recently been given a cellular
      electrophysiologic scientific basis. Based on the kinetics of association and
      dissociation of the drugs with sodium channels, 3 distinct subgroups can be
      defined. These observations help to explain the clinical utility of the
      algorithms to use the agents in patients and provide a reference for discussing
      the new drugs with antiarrhythmic properties being discovered.

PMID- 3837967
TI  - Hospice: from social movement to health care industry.

PMID- 3837968
TI  - Elevated blood pressure and angiotensin II are associated with accelerated loss
      of renal function in diabetic nephropathy.

PMID- 3837969
TI  - [Effect of vitamin K3 (menadione) on the hepatic content of electrolytes].

PMID- 3837970
TI  - Increase of acetylcholinesterase activity of the cerebrospinal fluid of the
      rabbit after sciatic nerve stimulation. Its blockade by atropine.

PMID- 3837971
TI  - On the origin of ring chromosomes about an apparently non-deleted r(18) (p11q23).

PMID- 3837972
TI  - [Obtention of protein concentrate from Cassia aphylla seeds. Studies of
      supplementation].

PMID- 3837973
TI  - [Correlation between RAST and skin tests in atopic patients].

PMID- 3837974
TI  - [Studies of the mother-child relationship in the Japanese south-western islands].

PMID- 3837975
TI  - [A study of four anti-streptococcal antibodies in rheumatic fever and diseases
      related with streptococci in childhood].

PMID- 3837976
TI  - [Studies of therapy and prognosis of asthma in children].

PMID- 3837977
TI  - Pyrimidine salvage enzymes in human tonsil lymphocytes. I. Separation and
      properties of thymidine kinase isoenzymes.
AB  - Two forms of deoxythymidine kinase were separated from human tonsillar
      lymphocytes on DEAE-Sephadex column (peak 1 and peak 2 isoenzymes) and identified
      by gel electrophoresis. Both isoenzymes were found in freshly prepared
      lymphocytes as well as in lymphocytes cultured in the presence or absence of
      phytohaemagglutinin, but freshly prepared and phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated
      cells contained higher activity of peak 1 isoenzyme than the cultured, non
      stimulated ones. Kinetic properties and feed-back inhibition of the two separated
      isoenzymes were compared. The apparent Km values of isoenzyme 1 and 2 were 4
      microM and 5 microM for thymidine and were 0.15 mM and 0.12 mM for ATP,
      respectively. Isoenzyme 1 was found to be more sensitive to heat denaturation at
      55 degrees C, and to feedback inhibition by dTTP than isoenzyme 2. On the
      contrary, isoenzyme 1 was more resistant to dCTP inhibition than the other one.
      It is concluded that the isoenzyme 1 activity correlates with the synthesis of
      DNA, while the activity of isoenzyme 2 seems to be constant. The high activity of
      isoenzyme 1 in freshly isolated tonsil lymphocytes supports their active
      proliferation in the organ.

PMID- 3837978
TI  - Stability, heat stability and heat sensitivity of proteins: thermodynamic
      considerations.
AB  - The heat sensitivity and stability of a protein should be characterized by the
      Arrhenius parameters of the irreversible denaturation. The terms
      "thermostability" or "activation enthalpy" and "activation entropy" of
      denaturation as "thermodynamic parameters of protein stability" are misleading.
      The terms "measure of heat sensitivity" and "measure of stability" should be used
      as comparative data for protein structure.

PMID- 3837979
TI  - Liposome mediated DNA-transfer into mammalian cells.
AB  - We have investigated the interaction of mammalian cells with liposome
      encapsulated DNA. Tissue cultured mammalian cells were exposed to large,
      unilamellar phosphatidyl serine liposomes containing DNA molecules from different
      animal cells or prokaryotic organisms. The liposomes bind rapidly to the surface
      and are taken up by the cells and significant proportion of the encapsulated DNA
      is transported to the nuclei. Transient expression of the foreign genetic
      material could be detected in high percentage of the treated cells for a few
      days. During this period of time foreign DNA is present in both free and
      integrated form, however, the free form soon disappears. Stable transformant cell
      colonies--with continuous expression of new gene(s)--were isolated under
      selective pressure with a frequency of approx. 10(-5).

PMID- 3837980
TI  - The hypothalamic and neurohypophysial vasopressor and oxytocic activities under
      conditions of chronic tobacco smoke exposure in the rat.
AB  - Chronic tobacco smoke exposure in the rat was followed by a distinct decrease of
      both hypothalamic and neurohypophysial oxytocic activity as well as of
      neurohypophysial vasopressor activity. It is assumed that tobacco smoke exposure
      increases the release of both neurohypophysial hormones under conditions of
      chronic experiment.

PMID- 3837981
TI  - Thyroid hormone binding to the rat heart cytosol proteins.
AB  - The properties of the thyroid hormone binding to rat heart cytosol were studied.
      Cytosol proteins were found to bind specifically T4 with high affinity (Ka
      approximately equal to 10(8)M-1) and rT3 with lower affinity (Ka approximately
      equal to 10(7)M-1), but they do not bind T3. The binding of both T4 and rT3 was
      pH dependent, however, while T4 binding had the highest values between pH 7.0 and
      10, rT3 binding increased from pH 6.0 to 10.7. Divalent ions also stimulated T4
      and rT3 binding. Sulfhydryl groups blocking agents such as N-ethylmaleimide (NEM)
      and iodoacetamide significantly decreased rT3 binding and had less profound
      effect on binding of T4 to cytosol proteins. The importance of free -SH groups
      remains unclear as dithiothreitol was found to diminish the binding of T4 and
      rT3.

PMID- 3837982
TI  - Absence of selective brain cooling in pyrogen-induced fever in rabbits.
AB  - In 9 rabbits the effect of intravenous administration of E. coli pyrogen 0.5
      microgram/kg on the reaction of selective brain cooling was studied at ambient
      temperatures of 20, 30 and 40 degrees C. In the freely moving animals the
      temperatures of the brain, carotid artery and nuchal muscles were measured with
      an accuracy down to 0.05 degree C and the temperatures of the ear pinna and nasal
      mucosa were measured accurate to 0.5 degree C. The respiratory rate was measured
      as well. It was found that the spontaneous febrile reaction without the component
      of passive hyperthermia failed to cause selective brain cooling, even if its
      temperature reached higher values than in case of brain temperature rise caused
      only by high ambient temperature. On the other hand, when the high ambient
      temperature caused thermal panting, pyrogen administration at an ambient
      temperature of 30 degrees C could reduce panting, while at an ambient temperature
      of 40 degrees C intense panting initiated prior to the appearance of the febrile
      reaction and was associated with the fever and outlasted it.

PMID- 3837983
TI  - Effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on lipolytic processes in blood and adipose tissue of
      rat.
AB  - The effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on lipolytic processes in the blood and adipose
      tissue was studied. Rats treated with this antimetabolite showed a significant
      increase in serum glucose, FFA and glycerol level, as well as in the lipid
      mobilizing activity. On the other hand, the lipolytic activity of rat serum
      decreased when compared to control group. From these results it may be concluded
      that during hypothermia induced by administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose
      intracellular, but not intravascular, lipolysis is enhanced.

PMID- 3837984
TI  - Muscarinic receptors of rat lymphocytes--differences in young and old animals.
AB  - Muscarinic receptors were studied on lymphocytes from young and old Wistar rats.
      Binding studies were performed by the use of [3H]-QNB, a specific muscarinic
      antagonist. Some differences between these two groups were observed. Maximal
      binding of [3H]-QNB and half time of the maximal binding is lower for lymphocytes
      of old rats [3H]-QNB receptor complexes could not be found in the supernatants
      derived from lymphocytes of old animals. Higher ability to loose or hide the
      muscarinic receptors was also observed in this group of rats. All these
      observations could reflect a more effective degradation, as well as a lower level
      of muscarinic receptors exposed on lymphocytes from old animals.

PMID- 3837985
TI  - A method for analysis of thermosensitivity in the insect CNS.
AB  - A set for analysis of temperature effects on the CNS activity in insects is
      described. Thermostimulation can be applied to the whole body or to only some
      regions of CNS. An amplitude and rate interval analyzer (in cooperation with a
      microcomputer) makes it possible to do an analysis of the correlation between
      temperature and the neuronal firing rate. As an example of the use of this set an
      experiment on American cockroach Periplaneta americana was described.
      Thermosensitivity of the prothoracic ganglion was presented.

PMID- 3837987
TI  - The application of the finite element method to the analysis of craniofacial
      growth and form.
AB  - It has been shown previously that all customary methods of analysis of
      craniofacial skeletal growth, closely based on the techniques of roentgenographic
      cephalometry, share common geometric and conceptual constraints that make all
      such descriptions reference frame dependent; i.e., these descriptions vary with
      each method of registrations and superimposition (stacking) of growth cross
      sections (x-rays). The use of the concepts of continuum mechanics, and of the
      numerical techniques of the finite element method, permit a reference frame
      invariant tensor description of growth. An example of this method is provided by
      the analysis of the growth of the rat neurocranium and maxillary complex in the
      period 13-49 days of age. The finite element method should find wide application
      in the description of cephalic growth, in normal and pathological conditions.

PMID- 3837986
TI  - The skull: mould or cast?

PMID- 3837988
TI  - Reflexions on craniofacial growth research.

PMID- 3837990
TI  - Public health institutions: the role of science and technology. Proceedings of
      the international symposium held for the fiftieth anniversary of the Istituto
      Superiore di Sanita. Rome, May 21-23, 1984.

PMID- 3837989
TI  - The significance of skull growth studies for the treatment of cleft palate
      patients.

PMID- 3837991
TI  - The Istituto Superiore di Sanita: past, present and future.

PMID- 3837992
TI  - The role of the NIH in improving public health.

PMID- 3837993
TI  - Current health problems facing industrialised countries.

PMID- 3837994
TI  - The contribution of the International Agency for Research on Cancer to the
      prevention of cancer.

PMID- 3837995
TI  - The role of the National Institute for Medical Research in improving public
      health: the support from research and technological developments.

PMID- 3837996
TI  - The National Institute of Hygiene in Poland.

PMID- 3837997
TI  - [Role and place of the Institute of Hygiene and Public Health of Bucarest in
      protecting the health of the population of the Socialist Republic of Romania].

PMID- 3837999
TI  - The role of the National Institute of Hygiene in improving public health in
      Hungary.

PMID- 3837998
TI  - The contribution of the National Institute of Health for the development of
      public health in Portugal.

PMID- 3838000
TI  - Influence that research and technological developments have had on the ability of
      the FDA to protect the public health.

PMID- 3838001
TI  - The National Institute of Health in Japan. The contribution in public health.

PMID- 3838002
TI  - The National Institute of Public Health in Norway. Recent responses to public
      health problems in modern society.

PMID- 3838003
TI  - The role of public institutions in improving health in Morocco.

PMID- 3838004
TI  - [Action of the International Organization of Labor in the field of industrial
      safety and health].

PMID- 3838005
TI  - The role of scientific research in the development of occupational health
      service.

PMID- 3838006
TI  - ISPESL: its role in public health.

PMID- 3838007
TI  - Science and technology in an institute of public and environmental health.

PMID- 3838008
TI  - Role of a research institution in the prevention of occupational hazards.

PMID- 3838009
TI  - Statens Seruminstitut: present activities and future trends.

PMID- 3838010
TI  - [Institute of Health and Epidemiology: its origins, evolution, past and present
      missions].

PMID- 3838011
TI  - The role of China National Center for preventive medicine in disease control.

PMID- 3838012
TI  - Role of a research council in improvement of health.

PMID- 3838013
TI  - Improving public health: blending science and regulation. The role of the Federal
      Health Office.

PMID- 3838014
TI  - [The involvement of the Italian Research Council in the "protection of health "].

PMID- 3838015
TI  - The role of IAEA in promoting health care services in developing countries.

PMID- 3838016
TI  - FAO contribution to public health through livestock disease control with emphasis
      on viral disease.

PMID- 3838017
TI  - Biomedical research policy of the European Community.

PMID- 3838018
TI  - [ Role of the ENEA in public health ].

PMID- 3838019
TI  - [The National Academy of Sciences, known as the Forty: its contribution to the
      development of basic medical sciences ].

PMID- 3838020
TI  - New perspectives: the first ten years. Canadian developments.

PMID- 3838022
TI  - Role of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in improving public health.

PMID- 3838021
TI  - Presentation of UNIDO: public pharmaceutical industry in the service of health.

PMID- 3838023
TI  - Origins, past and present of the "Istituto Superiore di Sanita" on the 50th
      anniversary of its foundation.

PMID- 3838024
TI  - [Surgical therapy in myomatous tumors of the stomach].

PMID- 3838025
TI  - [A case of rhinosporidiosis].

PMID- 3838026
TI  - [Instrumental and bloodless methods of diagnosis of colonic cancer (importance
      for clinical and therapeutic management].

PMID- 3838027
TI  - [Monofilament sutures in digestive system surgery].

PMID- 3838028
TI  - [Multiple breast metastasis of cutaneous malignant melanoma].

PMID- 3838029
TI  - [Prevention of experimental thrombosis of the coronary artery, in anesthetized
      dogs, with a low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparine (PK 10169)].

PMID- 3838030
TI  - [Simultaneous assay of papaverine and papaveraldine. Applications to the control
      of pharmaceutical preparations and kinetic study of oxidation reactions].

PMID- 3838031
TI  - [Coulometric assay of anti-inflammatory agents derived from pyrazolone].

PMID- 3838032
TI  - [The resin of Eperua grandiflora (Aublet) Benth (leguminous Caesalpiniaceae)].

PMID- 3838033
TI  - [Autoradiographic study of the distribution of tritium in Macaca monkeys treated
      with a tritiated extract of Ruscus].

PMID- 3838034
TI  - [Synthesis and antibacterial activity of new analogs of trimethoprim].

PMID- 3838035
TI  - [New method of synthesizing alpha-fluorophenylacetonitriles].

PMID- 3838036
TI  - [Stability of iridoids of Harpagophytum procumbens DC. during the preparation of
      powders and atomized drugs].

PMID- 3838037
TI  - [The opening of dihydropyrone rings in alkaline medium].

PMID- 3838038
TI  - [Society of Genetics of Chile. 17th annual meeting. Santiago, Chile, 5-6 October
      1984. Abstracts].

PMID- 3838039
TI  - [Chilean Society of Biochemistry: 9th annual meeting. Lo Barnechea, Chile, 1-3
      August 1985. Abstracts].

PMID- 3838040
TI  - Cooperative behaviour in monomeric enzymes. Change of negative to positive
      cooperativity by effect of a ligand.
AB  - Three steady-state models were analysed to see if they could reproduce the
      following kinetic characteristics in a monomeric enzyme with two substrates: a)
      kinetic cooperativity with respect to the first substrate but not to the second;
      b) modulation of the kinetic cooperativity for the first substrate by the
      concentration of the second; c) change in the sign of the kinetic cooperativity
      at very low concentrations of the second substrate. A slow transition model
      previously proposed for vertebrate "glucokinase" (hexokinase D), model I,
      (Olavarria et al., 1982) was able to reproduce characteristics a and b, but never
      c. The "mnemonical" model (Ricard et al., 1974), model II, also reproduced
      characteristics a and b, and failed to reproduce c. Thus when observations were
      performed at concentrations of the first substrate around K0.5 it was possible to
      observe a decrease in the Hill coefficient (h) relative to the decrease in the
      concentration of the second substrate, but values lower than 1.0 were never
      obtained. At extremely high substrate concentrations, the second substrated did
      not affect the cooperativity of the enzyme for the first substrate. Model III was
      similar to Model I, but it was considered that only the enzyme conformer with the
      higher affinity for the first substrate was catalytically active. With this model
      it was possible to change positive cooperativity into negative if the second
      substrated altered the frequency of the conformational transition.

PMID- 3838041
TI  - Pyruvate kinase: studies on affinity labeling and active-site structure using the
      rabbit muscle enzyme.
AB  - Important advances have been made in recent years in the study of the structure
      of pyruvate kinase: the amino acid sequence of the enzymes from chicken muscle
      and yeast have been established and the three-dimensional structure of the cat
      muscle enzyme has been determined at 0.26 nm resolution. Work in our laboratory
      has shown that dialdehyde-ADP (oADP) can be used as an affinity label of rabbit
      muscle pyruvate kinase: if the enzyme is incubated with cold oADP in the presence
      of high ADP concentrations, dialyzed and then incubated with 14C-oADP, the enzyme
      inactivates and one mole of radioactive oADP incorporates per mole of enzyme
      subunit. A labeled peptide with a molecular weight of about 5900 has been
      purified from a tryptic digest of the modified enzyme. The first 26 residues of
      the peptide have been sequenced and this sequence is identical to a region in the
      chicken muscle enzyme and a peptide isolated from the bovine muscle enzyme
      specifically labeled with trinitrobenzenesulfonate. High homology is also found
      with a region of the yeast enzyme. All this suggests that the isolated peptide is
      part of the active site; the modified amino acid, probably a lysine, seems to be
      located in one of the alfa helices of domain A of the enzyme, according to the x
      ray data.

PMID- 3838042
TI  - Influence of temperature on the stability of pertussis vaccine.

PMID- 3838043
TI  - Normal and parasitized stages of spiders. II. Development of Chlamydia-like
      microorganisms infesting ovaries of Segestria senoculata.

PMID- 3838044
TI  - Antibiotic sensitivity of Salmonellae isolated from poultry.

PMID- 3838045
TI  - Natural inhibitors of complement. I. Anticomplementary activity associated with
      pokeweed mitogen (PWM).

PMID- 3838046
TI  - An experimental study of a typhoid vaccine inactivated with beta-propiolactone.

PMID- 3838047
TI  - Complement-mediated aggregation of sensitized erythrocytes.

PMID- 3838048
TI  - [The "third ear". A re-appraisal of the anamnesis].

PMID- 3838049
TI  - [Segmental blocks of the right bundle-branch and electrically inactive areas.
      Differential electro-vectorcardiographic diagnosis].

PMID- 3838050
TI  - [Different localizations of interatrial paraganglia in the adult human heart].

PMID- 3838051
TI  - [Clinical characterization of coronary insufficiency in the aged].

PMID- 3838052
TI  - [Critical analysis of the values obtained by one-dimensional echocardiography for
      the detection and grading of pulmonary hypertension].

PMID- 3838053
TI  - [Water-electrolyte and acid-base disorders in heart insufficiency].

PMID- 3838054
TI  - [Myocardial protection in heart surgery. Comparative study of 3 methods].

PMID- 3838055
TI  - [Dynamics of the postmortem contraction of the left ventricle].

PMID- 3838056
TI  - [Abnormalities of segmental contraction in chronic aortic valve insufficiency].

PMID- 3838057
TI  - [The anomalous band. A critical analysis of the anatomy and embryology of its
      elements].

PMID- 3838058
TI  - [Holiday heart syndrome].

PMID- 3838059
TI  - [The RSR' pattern in the V1 lead in patients with and without interatrial septal
      defects--electro and vectorcardiographic study].

PMID- 3838060
TI  - [Acute dissection of the aorta. Immediate and late follow-up of patients
      subjected to clinical and surgical treatment].

PMID- 3838061
TI  - [Ventricular function in pulmonary stenosis,  mitral stenosis, mitral
      insufficiency [corrected], aortic insufficiency and coronary disease. Critical
      analysis of the variables used.

PMID- 3838062
TI  - [Value of the cardiothoracic index in the evaluation of cardiac performance in
      dilated cardiomyopathies].

PMID- 3838063
TI  - [Reoperation in patients with heart valve prostheses. Analysis of 64 cases].

PMID- 3838064
TI  - [Pulmonary changes in different forms of intracranial hemorrhage].

PMID- 3838065
TI  - [Experimental evaluation of the variations of glycogen, total lipids,
      triglycerides and water levels in the myocardium subjected to anoxic hypothermic
      arrest].

PMID- 3838066
TI  - [Interest of Doppler echocardiography in the evaluation of heart valve
      prosthesis. Report of 2 cases].

PMID- 3838068
TI  - [Cardiac rigor mortis].

PMID- 3838067
TI  - [Direct communication of the right pulmonary artery and the left atrium. A case
      report].

PMID- 3838069
TI  - Bivariate path analysis of familial resemblance for reading ability and symbol
      processing speed.

PMID- 3838070
TI  - Genetic analysis of the light dependence of courtship in Drosophila subobscura.

PMID- 3838071
TI  - Genetic variation in the male courtship sound of Drosophila littoralis.

PMID- 3838072
TI  - Relation between the genetic variability of digging behavior of Drosophila larvae
      and their susceptibility to a parasitic wasp.

PMID- 3838074
TI  - The molecular basis of movement through membranes.

PMID- 3838073
TI  - A twin study of ethanol metabolism.

PMID- 3838075
TI  - Activation of renal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 synthesis by phosphate deprivation:
      evidence for a role for growth hormone.
AB  - In vitro 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] production in kidney slices from
      normal intact rats averaged 16 +/- 4 pmol/g . h and was increased about 8-fold by
      phosphate deprivation and 5-fold by calcium deprivation to levels averaging 128
      +/- 12 and 84 +/- 19 pmol/g x h, respectively. Hypophysectomy in phosphate
      deprived rats completely abolished any increase in 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity,
      while calcium deprivation in hypophysectomized (hypox) rats resulted in a 4-fold
      increase in 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity. Replacement of hypox rats fed a low
      phosphorus diet with pituitary extracts resulted in a 4-fold stimulation of 1
      alpha-hydroxylase activity in response to the hypophosphatemic stimulus. However,
      replacement of hypox rats fed a normal phosphorus diet with pituitary extract
      stimulated 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity only 2-fold. Replacement of hypox rats
      fed a low phosphorus diet with GH resulted in a 3.5-fold elevation in plasma 1,25
      (OH)2D3 levels, while no such elevation in plasma 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels was
      observed in similarly treated animals replaced with PRL, ACTH, TSH, or T3.
      Replacement of hypox rats eating a normal diet with GH resulted in no significant
      change in plasma 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels. These results suggest that GH is required
      for maintenance of elevated plasma 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels during dietary phosphate
      deprivation and that this effect is mediated by increased renal 1,25-(OH)2D3
      synthesis.

PMID- 3838076
TI  - Immunogenetics of Hashimoto's and Graves' diseases.
AB  - Haplotypes of the human major histocompatibility complex (HLA) and the
      immunoglobulin allotype (Gm) were analyzed in all 243 members of 37 families in
      which 2 or more first degree relatives had Graves' disease. In 10 families with
      70 members where 1 or more first degree relatives had Hashimoto's disease, 26
      (37%) had Graves' disease, and 14 (20%) had Hashimoto's disease. In the other 27
      families, consisting of 173 members, 70 (40%) had Graves' disease, and none had
      Hashimoto's disease. The disease-associated haplotypes of HLA and Gm for each
      family were identified by determining the haplotypes concordant in 2 members with
      Graves' disease. In 10 families with Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases, all 14
      members with Hashimoto's disease had the same disease-associated haplotypes of
      both HLA and Gm as had members with Graves' disease in each family. Among 96
      members with Graves' disease in 37 families, 74 were used for the determination
      of the disease-associated haplotypes. In the remaining 22 members with Graves'
      disease, 21 had both disease-associated haplotypes in their families. Our
      findings in these families suggest that 1) in Hashimoto's disease as in Graves'
      disease, two genes linked to HLA and Gm, respectively, control the susceptibility
      of the disease; 2) common immunogenetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis
      of both Hashimoto's and Graves' disease, and 3) those who do not have
      immunogenetic factors are very unlikely to develop Hashimoto's or Graves'
      disease.

PMID- 3838077
TI  - GABA-mimetic activity and effects on diazepam binding of aminosulphonic acids
      structurally related to piperidine-4-sulphonic acid.
AB  - The relationship between structure, in vivo activity, and in vitro activity of
      some analogues of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist piperidine-4
      sulphonic acid (P4S) was studied. The syntheses of 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-4
      sulphonic acid (DH-P4S) and (RS)-pyrrolidin-3-yl-methanesulphonamide (PMSA-amide)
      are described. Like P4S, its unsaturated analogue DH-P4S and the five-ring isomer
      (RS)-pyrrolidin-3-yl-methanesulphonic acid (PMSA) were bicuculline methochloride
      (BMC)-sensitive inhibitors of the firing of neurones in the cat spinal cord.
      Whereas isonipecotic acid was less potent than its unsaturated analogue
      isoguvacine as a GABA-mimetic and as an inhibitor of GABA binding, the opposite
      relative potencies of P4S and DH-P4S were observed, P4S being proportionally more
      potent than DH-P4S. In contrast with P4S and DH-P4S, PMSA, which is an analogue
      of the potent GABA uptake inhibitor and BMC-sensitive GABA-mimetic homo-beta
      proline, was a relatively weak inhibitor of GABA uptake in vitro. PMSA-amide was
      more than two orders of magnitude weaker than PMSA as an inhibitor of GABA
      binding and did not significantly affect GABA uptake in vitro. The effects of 3
      aminopropanesulphonic acid (3-APS), PMSA, P4S, and DH-P4S on the binding of
      [3H]diazepam in vitro at 30 degrees C, in the presence or absence of chloride
      ions, were studied and compared with those of the structurally related amino
      acids GABA, homo-beta-proline, isonipecotic acid, and isoguvacine. Under these
      conditions the aminosulphonic acids were weaker than the respective amino acids
      in enhancing [3H]diazepam binding, the difference being more pronounced in the
      absence of chloride.

PMID- 3838078
TI  - Radiotherapy of stage I and II Hodgkin disease with inguinal presentation.
AB  - Seventeen patients who presented with inguinal adenopathy were found to have
      stage I or II infradiaphragmatic Hodgkin disease. Sixteen were treated with an
      inverted-Y field (supplemented by mantle irradiation in 3) and 1 had irradiation
      of the involved field only. Two patients with stage IIB disease also received
      MOPP chemotherapy. Fifteen patients currently have no evidence of recurrence; one
      died of acute myelogenous leukemia 6 years after total nodal irradiation, while
      another died of cardiopulmonary disease but had no evidence of Hodgkin disease at
      autopsy. In one patient, progressive peripheral atherosclerosis developed in an
      irradiated inguinal area, requiring angioplasty. Patient characteristics and
      results of treatment are analyzed and implications for management presented.

PMID- 3838079
TI  - Abrupt induction of a membrane digestive enzyme by its intraintestinal substrate.
AB  - The regulation of amino-oligopeptidase (AOP), an intestinal brush border
      hydrolase essential for the surface digestion of peptide nutrients, was examined
      in rats in vivo. Short-term (30-minute) intraintestinal perfusion of a
      tetrapeptide substrate, Gly-Leu-Gly-Gly, or a synthetic substrate, leucyl-beta
      naphthylamide, induced a doubling in the incorporation of [3H]leucine into the
      AOP in association with intracellular membranes. The subsequent conversion of AOP
      from nascent to mature enzyme and its membrane-associated transport to the brush
      border occurred at normal rates.

PMID- 3838080
TI  - Loss of suppression of normal bone marrow colony formation by leukemic cell lines
      after differentiation is induced by chemical agents.
AB  - The human leukemic cell lines K562 and HL-60 were cocultured with normal bone
      marrow (BM) cells. Coculture with 10(4) K562 or HL-60 cells results in 50%
      inhibition of normal CFU-E and BFU-E colony formation. However, when the same
      number of K562 and HL-60 cells is first treated for two to five days with agents
      that induce their differentiation, a gradual loss in their capacity to inhibit
      CFU-E and BFU-E colony formation is observed. The inhibitory material in K562
      cells is soluble and present in conditioned medium from cultures of these cells.
      The degree to which leukemic cell suppression of CFU-E and BFU-E growth is
      reversed is correlated with the time of exposure to the inducing agent.
      Suppression is no longer evident after five days of prior treatment with
      inducers. In fact, up to a 90% stimulation of CFU-E growth is observed in
      cocultures with K562 cells that have been pretreated with 30 to 70 mumol/L hemin
      for five days. K562 cells treated with concentrations of hemin as low as 30
      mumol/L demonstrate increased hemoglobin synthesis and grow normally, but no
      longer have an inhibitory effect on CFU-E growth. Hence, reversal of normal BM
      growth inhibition must be caused by the more differentiated state of the K562
      cells and not by a decrease in the number of these cells with treatment. Thus,
      induction of differentiation in cultured leukemic cells not only alters the
      malignant cell phenotype but also permits improved growth of accompanying normal
      marrow progenitor cells. Both are desired effects of chemotherapy.

PMID- 3838081
TI  - Neonatal purpura fulminans: a genetic disorder related to the absence of protein
      C in blood.
AB  - To confirm the pathogenesis and the genetic background of neonatal-onset purpura
      fulminans, two unrelated infants with this rare thrombotic syndrome and 47 of
      their asymptomatic relatives were studied. In both families, 27 subjects with
      hereditary partial deficiency of protein C, including both parents of each
      patient, were identified. The patient in whom it was possible to evaluate protein
      C directly showed no detectable levels of this plasma component. These findings
      confirm the linkage of neonatal purpura fulminans to a genetic trait with
      established mendelian transmission and strongly suggest that the syndrome is an
      expression of homozygosity for protein C deficiency. The dramatic clinical
      picture and the type of pathologic change that develops as a result of the lack
      of circulating protein C emphasize the vital role of this protein in protection
      from thrombin generation, mainly within the microvascular system. However, our
      data do not contribute to the evidence that partial familial protein C deficiency
      is associated with a major risk of venous thromboembolism.

PMID- 3838082
TI  - Cystic degeneration of thymic Hodgkin's disease following radiation therapy.
AB  - A case of thymic Hodgkin's disease presenting with an anterior mediastinal mass
      is reported. The mass progressively expanded in size on plain chest radiography
      during and following a mantle radiation therapy. A repeat computed tomographic
      (CT) scan of the chest in this patient revealed a cystic component to the mass,
      and thin-needle aspiration of the cyst led to a shrinkage of the mass. An
      experience in this case and review of literature suggest Hodgkin's disease
      involving the thymus gland frequently predisposes to cystic degeneration
      especially following radiotherapy, leaving a stable or progressively enlarging
      residual mass. A precise diagnosis of such a progressively expanding mass despite
      the adequate radiation therapy is crucial. CT scan of the chest in such cases and
      a thin-needle aspiration of the cystic mass offer precise diagnosis and may
      obviate the need for an open thoracotomy procedure.

PMID- 3838083
TI  - Clinical significance of heat labile Regan isoenzyme variant in Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - The activity of a heat labile variant of Regan type alkaline phosphatase (HLRI)
      was studied in the serum of 38 histologically proved patients with Hodgkin's
      disease. The activity was also studied in 40 normal healthy adults matched for
      age and sex as control. HLRI was significantly elevated in patients with
      Hodgkin's disease in comparison with normal controls (1.12 +/- 0.12 units/ml vs
      0.09 +/- 0.01 units/ml; P less than 0.001). The mean values of the isoenzyme
      tended to increase progressively with increasing stages of disease, reflecting a
      significant linear trend (P less than 0.001). The serial measurement of this
      variant may serve as a useful parameter in assessing disease activity and
      response to chemotherapy.

PMID- 3838084
TI  - Activation of alveolar macrophage tumoricidal activity and eradication of
      experimental metastases by freeze-dried liposomes containing a new lipophilic
      muramyl dipeptide derivative.
AB  - The ability of a member of a new class of lipophilic muramyl dipeptide (MDP)
      derivative, muramyl dipeptide-glyceryldipalmitate (MDP-GDP), to induce alveolar
      macrophage cytotoxic activity in vitro towards B16 melanoma cells when
      incorporated into two types of liposome was studied. MDP-GDP incorporated into
      conventionally prepared liposomes formulated from distearoylphosphatidylcholine
      and phosphatidylserine (7:3 molar ratio) was 10-fold more effective than
      liposomes containing MDP, and 7000-fold more effective than free MDP in inducing
      macrophage cytotoxic activity. MDP-GDP incorporated into freeze-dried liposomes
      was 50,000- to 100,000-fold more effective than free MDP in inducing such
      activity. Freeze-dried liposomes containing MDP-GDP were efficiently localized in
      the lungs of normal mice, and induced cytotoxic activity in the alveolar
      macrophages. Such liposomes were able to significantly reduce the pulmonary
      metastatic burden of mice carrying the B16 melanoma. These data provide evidence
      that this class of lipophilic MDP derivative, when incorporated into freeze-dried
      liposomes, is a potent inducer of macrophage cytotoxic activity in vitro and in
      situ, and has antitumor activity in vivo. In addition, the use of a freeze-drying
      procedure allows the preparation and long-term storage of reproducible liposome
      formulations.

PMID- 3838085
TI  - Growth inhibition and increase of insulin receptors in antiestrogen-resistant
      T47DCO human breast cancer cells by progestins: implications for endocrine
      therapies.
AB  - There is renewed interest in the use of progestins to treat advanced breast
      cancer because results with these agents are comparable to those obtained with
      antiestrogens. However, it is not known whether progestins inhibit the growth of
      breast tumor cells directly and independently of estradiol. To study this, we
      have used T47DCO human breast cancer cells. The progesterone receptors in these
      cells do not require estrogen induction, and this permits study of pure progestin
      effects without interference by estradiol. We report here that, in the absence of
      estradiol, physiological concentrations of progestins directly inhibit
      proliferation of these cells. At the same time, progestins increase the levels of
      the receptors for insulin, a common cell mitogen. Ten days of treatment with 1 or
      10 nM of the synthetic progestin R5020 suppresses cell growth approximately 50 to
      60%. This is consistent with the concentrations that either partially
      (approximately 10%) or more extensively (greater than 60%) translocate
      cytoplasmic progesterone receptors. Even a brief 1-hr pulse of R5020 has long
      term growth-inhibitory effects. Progesterone is also antiproliferative, but its
      effects are attenuated because, unlike R5020, it is rapidly metabolized in the
      medium. Other synthetic progestins also inhibit cell growth, but unrelated
      steroids (estradiol, androgens, glucocorticoids, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) are
      ineffective. While growth is suppressed by R5020, insulin receptors increase
      rapidly and then fall to a new, elevated steady state as the cells slowly begin
      to proliferate. Only progestins have this effect on insulin receptors. We
      conclude that the hormonal regulation of breast tumor cell growth is complex and
      includes progestins among the regulating factors. Furthermore, since T47Dco cells
      are antiestrogen-resistant and estrogen receptor-negative, the antiproliferative
      effects of progestins must be mediated through mechanisms that differ from the
      cytotoxic effects of antiestrogens. We propose that, clinically, antiestrogens
      and progestins may have complementary uses in breast cancer treatment, and we
      outline two therapeutic strategies.

PMID- 3838086
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in serum or plasma.
AB  - For this sensitive RIA for 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, we used antibodies to 1
      alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-3-hemisuccinate conjugated to bovine serum
      albumin, raised in rabbits. These antibodies show a high affinity for 1 alpha,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 but cross react with other vitamin D metabolites as well.
      Extraction and liquid chromatography are required to isolate the 1 alpha,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D from human serum or plasma with benzene (analytical recovery,
      96%) and chromatographed by "high-performance" liquid chromatography on a silica
      column. The sensitivity of the assay is 2 pg/tube. The between-assay CV is 12.6%
      (means = 61.8 ng/L, n = 27) and the within-assay CV is 7.4% (means = 61.8 ng/L, n
      = 15). The reference interval, obtained from data on serum of healthy persons, is
      51.8 +/- 15.1 ng/L (means +/- SD, n = 91), with no sex-related difference.
      Patients with chronic renal failure have lower concentrations in serum, and
      patients suffering from calcium nephrolithiasis have increased concentrations.
      Our assay offers the advantage of a relatively short prepurification procedure
      and the production of large amounts of stable gamma-globulins that can be used
      for several years without loss of binding properties.

PMID- 3838087
TI  - Computer program for quality control, especially suited for the small laboratory.

PMID- 3838088
TI  - Surfactant phospholipids need not be extracted from amniotic fluid.

PMID- 3838090
TI  - Isolation and characterization of neuropeptide Y from porcine intestine.
AB  - The isolation and primary structure of intestinal neuropeptide Y (NPY) is
      described. The peptide was purified from porcine intestinal extracts using a
      chemical assay and radioimmunoassay for NPY. The amino acid sequence of this
      peptide is: Tyr-Pro-Ser-Lys-Pro-Asp-Asn-Pro-Gly-Glu-Asp-Ala-Pro-Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu
      Ala- Arg-Tyr-Tyr- Ser-Ala-Leu-Arg-His-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Leu-Ile-Thr-Arg-Gln-Arg-Tyr
      NH2. This the structure of intestinal NPY is identical to the NPY of brain
      origin.

PMID- 3838089
TI  - Comparison of intraluminal and intravenous mediators of colonic response to
      eating.
AB  - Eating a 1000-kcal mixed meal stimulates an increase in distal colonic motility.
      Fat is the dietary component which is the major stimulant of colonic spike
      activity. In this study the colonic spike activity increased similarly after the
      mixed meal [19.1 +/- 2.4 spike potentials (SP)/30 min] and after the fat meal
      (19.4 +/- 5.4 SP/30 min). Fat stimulated a concentration-dependent increase in
      colonic motility only when in contact with the gastroduodenal mucosa. Intravenous
      administration of Liposyn (100 kcal/hr) did not stimulate an increase in colonic
      spike activity (3.3 +/- 1.3 SP/30 min) despite greater increase in plasma total
      fatty acid levels than after the oral ingestion of fat. In contrast both the oral
      ingestion and the intravenous administration of an amino acid mixture (Aminosyn)
      inhibited the gastrocolonic response after the 1000-kcal mixed meal. Thus, these
      studies demonstrate: (1) fat stimulates colonic motility only through direct
      mucosal contact, and (2) a mixture of amino acid inhibits colonic motility
      through either mucosal contact or by circulating in the plasma. The exact
      neurohumoral mechanisms involved in both of these effects is unknown at present.

PMID- 3838091
TI  - Treatment of cervical ectropion by cryosurgery: effect on cervical mucus
      characteristics.
AB  - Eighteen women with cervical ectropion and 12 women with ectropion and vaginal
      discharge were treated by cryosurgery. Evaluation of the cervical mucus
      characteristics by cervical score and in vitro penetration test was performed
      before treatment and 2 months later. In the group with ectropion only (group A)
      the total cervical score was 5.7 +/- 0.4 and 11.9 +/- 0.06 (P less than 0.001)
      (mean +/- standard error) before treatment and 2 months later, respectively. In
      the group with ectropion and vaginal discharge (group B) the total cervical score
      before and after cryosurgery was 3.8 +/- 0.4 and 11.8 +/- 0.1 (P less than
      0.001), respectively. In vitro penetration tests in group A before and after
      treatment were 0.72 +/- 0.1 and 2.9 +/- 0.08 (P less than 0.001), respectively.
      In group B, in vitro penetration tests before and after cryosurgery were 0.25 +/-
      0.1 and 2.8 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.001), respectively. It appears that
      cryosurgery improves the cervical mucus characteristics. It is recommended that
      infertile patients with hostile cervical mucus and ectropion will be treated by
      cryosurgery.

PMID- 3838092
TI  - Interaction of Salmonella telaviv with Maclura pomifera lectin.
AB  - Salmonella telaviv, Salmonella tranoroa, and Salmonella illinois were examined
      for their ability to interact with 15 purified lectins of known sugar
      specificity. The only interaction observed was between the lectin of Maclura
      pomifera and S. telaviv. M. pomifera lectin specifically agglutinated suspensions
      of S. telaviv and precipitated with its purified lipopolysaccharide and isolated
      lipid A free O polysaccharide. Quantitative inhibition assays showing methyl
      alpha-D-galactopyranoside and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine to be potent inhibitors of
      Maclura lectin precipitation by S. telaviv O polysaccharide suggest that the
      interaction is mediated by D-galactose or N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units of
      bacterial polysaccharide structure, or both.

PMID- 3838093
TI  - Interaction between citrate synthase and thiolase.
AB  - Thiolase, a mitochondrial matrix enzyme which produces CoASAc from fatty acids,
      is shown to interact with citrate synthase, the mitochondrial matrix enzyme
      responsible for CoASAc utilization. The interaction is demonstrated in three
      ways: the two enzymes co-precipitate in polyethylene glycol; thiolase causes a
      change in the fluorescence anisotropy of labeled citrate synthase; and the two
      enzymes co-elute in gel permeation chromatography. The interactions are shown to
      be specific by the use of enzymes not metabolically related to citrate synthase.

PMID- 3838094
TI  - Biosynthesis and in vitro translation of the major surfactant-associated protein
      from human lung.
AB  - We have characterized a 32,000-36,000-dalton sialoglycoprotein group that is an
      integral component of the lipoprotein complex called pulmonary surfactant. Our
      results from the cell-free translation of human lung RNA show that this protein
      consists of two similarly-sized precursor components of about 29,000-31,000
      daltons. Tunicamycin treatment of the lung tissue prevents formation of the
      normal protein and results in the accumulation of these precursor components
      which are also seen under normal conditions in very small amounts. Although in
      vitro translation in the presence of dog pancreatic microsomes suggests that a
      cleavable signal peptide sequence is present in these precursor molecules, it
      does not appear that this cleavage occurs in vivo.

PMID- 3838095
TI  - Structure of C protein purified from cardiac muscle.
AB  - C protein is a component of the thick filament of striated muscles. Although the
      function of C protein remains unknown, a variety of evidence suggests that C
      protein may regulate actin-myosin interaction or be involved in structural
      support or elasticity of the sarcomere. We have previously proposed (Hartzell, H.
      C., 1984, J. Gen. Physiol., 83:563-588) that C protein is involved in regulating
      twitch relaxation in cardiac muscle. To gain further insight into the function of
      C protein, we have studied the structure of C protein purified from chicken
      heart. C protein was purified from extracts of detergent-washed myofibrils by
      sequential hydroxylapatite and DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. C protein was judged
      greater than 95% pure by SDS PAGE. The polypeptide subunit had a molecular weight
      of 155,000 and the native molecule sedimented on linear sucrose or glycerol
      gradients at 4-5S. For electron microscopy, purified C protein was dialyzed and
      diluted into a volatile buffer in 50% glycerol, aspirated onto mica, dried under
      vacuum, and rotary platinum-shadowed. Replicas revealed particles of relatively
      homogeneous overall dimensions. Over half of the particles were V-shaped. The
      "arm" lengths of the V-shaped particles were 22 +/- 4.5 nm (SD). Gel filtration
      on Sephacryl S-300 demonstrated that purified C protein had a Stokes' radius of
      5.07 nm. Measurements of viscosity gave an intrinsic viscosity of 16.5 cm3/g.
      These data are consistent with the electron microscopic data and suggest that C
      protein in heart muscle is asymmetric. The C protein molecule is large enough to
      extend from the surface of a thick filament to adjacent thin or thick filaments.

PMID- 3838097
TI  - A computer program for international travel advice.

PMID- 3838096
TI  - Antineutrophil autoantibodies in Graves' disease. Implications of thyrotropin
      binding to neutrophils.
AB  - The hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease may be caused by autoantibodies to
      thyrotropin (TSH) receptors. We have found that patients with this disease have
      autoantibodies to neutrophils as well, which can be displaced by TSH. Using a
      radiochemical opsonic assay, we found serum antibodies against homologous
      neutrophils in 6 of 11 Graves' patients. With a staphylococcal protein A-binding
      assay, we detected circulating antibodies to homologous neutrophils in 10 of 20
      patients, while finding cell-bound antibody on autologous neutrophils in 7 of 8
      (including 2 with negative serum tests). Use of human 125I-TSH in a radioligand
      binding assay revealed that TSH bound to neutrophils rapidly (maximum binding
      within 10 min at 22 degrees C, pH 7.4), specifically (less than 20% nonspecific
      binding), and reversibly. Adding TSH to the radiochemical assay resulted in a
      dose-dependent inhibition of opsonic antibody activity in serum from patients
      with Graves' disease. In contrast, TSH did not inhibit antibody activity of serum
      from patients with immune neutropenia not associated with thyroid disease. Our
      findings suggest a basis for the association of Graves' disease with neutropenia.
      Furthermore, the discovery of such antineutrophil antibodies in Graves' disease
      permits detection of cell-bound antibody when free antibody is not present.

PMID- 3838098
TI  - AF64A: an active site directed irreversible inhibitor of choline
      acetyltransferase.
AB  - Ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (AF64A, MEChMAz) has been proposed as a
      cholinergic neuron-specific neurotoxin. We report that in further studies on its
      mechanism of action incubation of the cholinergic neuroblastoma X glioma cell
      line, NG-108-15, with 100 microM AF64A resulted in a rapid decrease in cellular
      choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity which preceded cytotoxicity. Thus, a 60
      85% decrease in ChAT activity was measured within 5 h of AF64A exposure, whereas
      cell lysis (measured as the release of the cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase
      into the medium) did not become apparent until 18 h of AF64A exposure. This led
      us to examine the effects of AF64A on partially purified ChAT. We report a
      concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of partially purified ChAT by AF64A
      that could not be reversed by dialysis but could be prevented by coincubation of
      the enzyme and AF64A with choline but not with acetyl-coenzyme A. We present
      kinetic evidence that choline and AF64A compete for the same site on the enzyme.
      In addition, thiosulfate, which inactivates the aziridinium ion, eliminated
      AF64A's capacity to inhibit the enzyme. AF64A also irreversibly inhibited
      partially purified choline kinase and acetylcholinesterase but not lactate
      dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, carboxypeptidase A, or chymotrypsinogen,
      enzymes that do not use choline as a substrate or product. Thus, the data suggest
      that AF64A acts as an irreversible active site directed inhibitor of ChAT and
      possibly other enzymes recognizing choline.

PMID- 3838099
TI  - Identification of hypoxanthine transport and xanthine oxidase activity in brain
      capillaries.
AB  - Microvessel segments were isolated from rat brain and used for studies of
      hypoxanthine transport and metabolism. Compared to an homogenate of cerebral
      cortex, the isolated microvessels were 3.7-fold enriched in xanthine oxidase.
      Incubation of the isolated microvessels with labeled hypoxanthine resulted in its
      rapid uptake followed by the slower accumulation of hypoxanthine metabolites
      including xanthine and uric acid. The intracellular accumulation of these
      metabolites was inhibited by the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol.
      Hypoxanthine transport into isolated capillaries was inhibited by adenine but not
      by representative pyrimidines or nucleosides. Similar results were obtained when
      blood to brain transport of hypoxanthine in vivo was measured using the
      intracarotid bolus injection technique. Thus, hypoxanthine is transported into
      brain capillaries by a transport system shared with adenine. Once inside the
      cell, hypoxanthine can be metabolized to xanthine and uric acid by xanthine
      oxidase. Since this reaction leads to the release of oxygen radicals, it is
      suggested that brain capillaries may be susceptible to free radical mediated
      damage. This would be most likely to occur in conditions where the brain
      hypoxanthine concentration is increased as following ischemia.

PMID- 3838100
TI  - Delta-sleep-inducing peptide and two of its analogs reduce nocturnal increase of
      N-acetyltransferase activity in rat pineal gland.
AB  - Serotonin N-acetyltransferase, an enzyme of the pineal gland, converts serotonin
      to N-acetylserotonin. The activity of this enzyme is induced by norepinephrine in
      the evening to reach high levels during the dark phase. Delta-sleep-inducing
      peptide, a humoral sleep factor, also seems to affect circadian rhythms.
      Intravenous injection of this peptide or either of two of its analogs in the
      evening significantly reduced the increase of N-acetyltransferase 4 h later. The
      dose-response relationship of the peptides showed an inverted U-shaped pattern
      with the active dose about 30 nmol/kg. The effect appears to be dependent on the
      time of day of administration, as injections in the morning did not change the
      enzymatic activity. These findings indicate that delta-sleep-inducing peptide
      (and two of its analogs) can affect enzymatic activities and that these
      influences probably vary throughout a time period of 24 h.

PMID- 3838101
TI  - Combination amsacrine and high-dose cytosine arabinoside in acute leukemia.

PMID- 3838102
TI  - Lung surfactant phospholipids as related to hydration and choline status of
      fasted rats.
AB  - Hydration status and choline nutrition were evaluated relative to the
      concentration of lung surfactant phosphatidylcholine (PC) in fasted rats. Rats
      deprived of food for 72 h showed lower voluntary water consumption and
      consistently lower levels of both PC and total phospholipid (TPL) present in
      isolated pulmonary surfactant than ad libitum-fed controls, although the ratio of
      surfactant PC to TPL and the residual PC and TPL concentrations were not
      different. Higher hematocrit values observed in the fasted animals were not
      altered by the administration of water or saline by orogastric tube nor was the
      low surfactant PC level corrected by fluid therapy. Evidence of choline
      deficiency was demonstrated in the fasted rats as there was a significant shift
      in hepatic PC:phosphatidylethanolamine; however, plasma choline levels did not
      change. The administration to fasted animals of up to 2.4 mmol of choline
      chloride via the drinking water (containing 60 mM choline) or an orogastric tube
      did not affect the plasma choline concentrations or the production of lung
      surfactant PC.

PMID- 3838103
TI  - Pulmonary lavage as a source of human surfactant.

PMID- 3838104
TI  - Evaluation of a novel antihypertensive agent, LY127210, in anesthetized and
      conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - LY127210 (7,8-dimethoxy-1H-3-benzazepin-2-amine, hydrochloride) is a novel
      peripheral arterial vasodilator that reduces mean arterial blood pressure in
      anesthetized and conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats by all conventional
      routes of administration. The antihypertensive activity of LY127210 results
      predominantly from a decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance, and the
      degree of reflex tachycardia produced by LY127210 in conscious spontaneously
      hypertensive rats is significantly less than that produced by hydralazine at
      equivalent antihypertensive doses. The relative lack of reflex tachycardia
      produced by LY127210 appears to result from a direct bradycardic effect of the
      compound that occurs at the level of the myocardium at doses similar to those
      required to produce peripheral arteriolar vasodilation. It is proposed that the
      direct bradycardic effect of LY127210 serves to offset, at least in part, the
      tachycardia resulting from reflex stimulation of sympathetic outflow that occurs
      upon activation of the baroreflex loop as blood pressure is lowered. The results
      indicate that LY127210 may provide adequate control of blood pressure and may not
      require the concomitant administration of a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist to
      control reflex tachycardia, as is commonly necessary with hydralazine.

PMID- 3838105
TI  - Structural features of 4-amino antifolates required for substrate activity with
      mammalian folylpolyglutamate synthetase.
AB  - The activity of a series of folic acid analogues as substrates for partially
      purified mouse liver folylpolyglutamate synthetase was determined and the effects
      of substituents on the binding to, and catalytic processes of, this enzyme were
      inferred. A 4-amino group improved substrate activity primarily by decreasing the
      apparent Km while N10-methyl substitution substantially diminished utilization as
      a substrate, again, by effects on Km. Isosteric replacement of N-10 altered
      substrate activity. A free alpha-carboxyl group in the amino acid side chain was
      required for catalysis as was the presence of the side chain amide carbonyl
      group. Modification of the amino acid side chain length profoundly affected
      activity. Several observations were made that may be relevant to chemotherapy
      with folate antimetabolites: 1) 7-hydroxymethotrexate was a substrate for this
      enzyme; 2) substrate activity and substrate inhibition were observed with CB
      3717, a potent inhibitor of thymidylate synthase; 3) potent classical
      dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors were identified that were either not
      substrates for mouse liver folylpolyglutamate synthetase (e.g., 4-amino-4-deoxy
      N10-methylpteroyl-L-alpha-aminoadipate) or were much better substrates than
      methotrexate for this enzyme (e.g., aminopterin); and 4) leucovorin and
      methotrexate appeared to be substrates for the same synthetase, but leucovorin
      saturated the reaction at much lower concentrations. These results have
      implications for the design of folylpolyglutamate synthetase inhibitors and for
      the selection of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors that are either not
      polyglutamated or are efficiently polyglutamated in vivo.

PMID- 3838106
TI  - Use of artificial intelligence in structure-activity correlations of
      anticonvulsant drugs.
AB  - The Computer-Automated Structure Evaluation Program, a new expert system capable
      of automatically developing relevant descriptors for structure-activity
      relationships, has been used to analyze experimental anticonvulsant activity data
      of a series of 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-one derivatives. Some
      significant correlations are observed between the activity of 99 benzodiazepines
      against pentylenetetrazole and some relevant molecular fragments identified by
      the program. The utility of the observed relationships and the predictive power
      of the method are discussed.

PMID- 3838107
TI  - Synthesis of brome mosaic virus subgenomic RNA in vitro by internal initiation on
      (-)-sense genomic RNA.
AB  - The genomes of many (+)-stranded RNA viruses, including plant viruses and
      alphaviruses, consist of polycistronic RNAs whose internal genes are expressed
      via subgenomic messenger RNAs. The mechanism(s) by which these subgenomic mRNAs
      arise are poorly understood. Based on indirect evidence, three models have been
      proposed: (1) internal initiation by the replicase on the (-)-strand of genomic
      RNA, (2) premature termination during (-)-strand synthesis, followed by
      independent replication of the subgenomic RNA and (3) processing by nuclease
      cleavage of genome-length RNA. Using an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (replicase)
      preparation from barley leaves infected with brome mosaic virus (BMV) to
      synthesize the viral subgenomic RNA in vitro, we now provide evidence that
      subgenomic RNA arises by internal initiation on the (-)-strand of genomic RNA. We
      believe that this also represents the first in vitro demonstration of a replicase
      from a eukaryotic (+)-stranded RNA virus capable of initiating synthesis of (+)
      sense RNA.

PMID- 3838108
TI  - Reversible association of myosin with the platelet cytoskeleton.
AB  - Platelets circulating in the human blood stream are smooth disk-shaped
      structures. The disks change within seconds of exposure to ADP or thrombin to
      irregular spheres bearing filopodia and pseudopodia. It is well-established that
      platelets also change shape (although more slowly) when chilled to 5 degrees C
      and revert to disks on rewarming. This cold-induced shape change may be due to
      the depolymerization of the submembranous microtubule ring. However, we found
      that chilling in the presence of Taxol, which stabilizes the microtubules, still
      results in shape change. Chilled platelets show an increase in the amount of
      myosin in the Triton-X insoluble residue or 'cytoskeleton' which is correlated in
      time both with phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain and with the
      induced shape change. We suggest here that the slow cold-induced change from
      disks to spheres is due primarily to a gradual activation of myosin.

PMID- 3838109
TI  - Prostacyclin biosynthesis and platelet function in autonomic dysfunction.
AB  - We measured urinary excretion of the principal metabolite of prostacyclin, PGI-M
      (2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha) in two patients with Shy-Drager syndrome and three
      with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. All patients had a rise in blood
      pressure (30 +/- 6 mm Hg) after ingestion of 50 mg indomethacin. Urinary
      excretion of PGI-M was normal and fell 57 +/- 11% after administration of
      indomethacin. In two subjects, there was no evidence of any circulating inhibitor
      of platelet aggregation when hypotension was induced by upright posture or
      ingestion of a meal. Despite the efficacy of indomethacin, these patients with
      autonomic dysfunction did not show increased production of the vasodilator
      prostanoid prostacyclin.

PMID- 3838110
TI  - Effects of dihydralazine infusion on the fetoplacental blood flow and maternal
      prostanoids.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of intravenously infused dihydralazine (incremental doses
      up to 125 micrograms per minute during 60 minutes) were studied in ten women with
      acute or superimposed severe preeclampsia. The intervillous and umbilical vein
      blood flow were measured before and during dihydralazine infusion with 133Xenon
      method and with a combination of real-time and Doppler ultrasonic equipment,
      respectively. Maternal blood pressure decreased and pulse rate increased during
      the infusion. Dihydralazine did not change the intervillous blood flow but it
      increased the blood flow in umbilical vein. No effect on the 6-ketoprostaglandin
      F1 alpha in maternal plasma and urine or thromboxane B2 in maternal serum was
      observed. The results indicate that dihydralazine affects the placental and fetal
      circulations differently.

PMID- 3838112
TI  - In vitro penetration of human sperm into bovine cervical mucus: effects of sperm
      washing and exposure to low temperature.
AB  - Standardized bovine cervical mucus penetration by human sperm in vitro provides
      information for evaluating male fertility. Normal semen specimens from 20 sperm
      donors and 17 infertile men were tested for cervical mucus penetration. Rigorous
      control of test temperature was necessary to guarantee the reliability and
      reproducibility of cervical mucus penetration. Sperm washing was found to
      significantly improve cervical mucus penetration for infertile men, from 18 +/-
      2.2 to 27 +/- 3.4 mm, P less than .025. Sperm washing for normal donors had no
      apparent effect on cervical mucus penetration (58 +/- 1.5 mm prewash, 55 +/- 1.7
      mm postwash, P greater than .1). The authors conclude that: 1) temperature for
      cervical mucus penetration testing is critical to reliability, and 2) cervical
      mucus penetration is a useful screening tool for in vitro procedures proposed to
      improve sperm function.

PMID- 3838111
TI  - Survival and short-term morbidity of the premature neonate.
AB  - Obstetric decisions regarding premature (23 to 32 weeks' gestation) infants must
      be based on gestational age. However, most reports of the survival of premature
      infants are based on birth weight. The present report relates the perinatal
      survival and morbidity of 105 newborns to the obstetric gestational dating
      criteria between 23 and 32 weeks' gestation. Gestational age was determined from
      at least four obstetric criteria including the first day of the last menstrual
      period, early pelvic examination, the earliest auscultation of fetal heart tones
      with a fetoscope, fundal height measurements in centimeters between 20 and 30
      weeks' gestation, and sonographic gestational age measurements. At 23 to 26
      weeks' gestational age, nine (39%) of 23 neonates survived. Five of nine
      survivors had moderate to severe intracranial hemorrhage, three had moderate to
      severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and three had moderate to severe retrolental
      fibroplasia. At 27 to 29 weeks' gestational age, 25 (93%) of 27 neonates
      survived. Of the 25 survivors, three had moderate to severe intracranial
      hemorrhage, one had moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and one had
      severe retrolental fibroplasia. At 30 to 32 weeks' gestational age, 52 (95%) of
      55 neonates survived. Three of the 52 (6%) survivors had serious neonatal
      morbidity consisting of moderate to severe intracranial hemorrhage (three
      neonates) and moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (one neonate). Thus,
      ten of 34 (29%) survivors between gestational ages of 24 to 29 weeks had a
      serious morbidity versus only three of 52 (6%) survivors between 30 to 32 weeks'
      gestation (P less than .01).

PMID- 3838113
TI  - Pulmonary vascular response to oxygen in infants with severe bronchopulmonary
      dysplasia.
AB  - The cardiac catheterization data of six infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
      (BPD) were reviewed to examine the responsiveness of their pulmonary vascular
      beds to changes in oxygen tension. The infants were studied because of slow
      recovery from their oxygen requirements and clinical evidence of persistent
      pulmonary hypertension. All were receiving home oxygen therapy and had abnormal
      chest radiographs and right ventricular hypertrophy by ECG at the time of
      catheterization (mean age, 25 months). All infants had mean pulmonary artery
      pressure greater than 25 mm Hg in room air, with a mean of 48 mm Hg. All
      decreased mean pulmonary artery pressure by at least 10 mm Hg when placed in high
      levels of inspired oxygen (FiO2 greater than 80), with a mean pulmonary artery
      pressure of 25 mm Hg. This represented a significant decrease in mean pulmonary
      artery pressure from room air pressures (P less than .005). Mean pulmonary artery
      pressure was also measured in three infants who were breathing supplemental
      oxygen by nasal cannula at flow rates similar to levels used for outpatient
      therapy. Most of the reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure that occurred at
      high FiO2 occurred at these lower flow rates of supplemental oxygen. It is
      concluded that infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia who have pulmonary
      hypertension generally have reactive pulmonary vascular beds, responsive to
      supplemental oxygen. Continuous oxygen therapy by nasal cannula may be useful in
      the treatment of pulmonary hypertension associated with bronchopulmonary
      dysplasia.

PMID- 3838114
TI  - Current issues in feeding the normal infant.

PMID- 3838115
TI  - Hearing and balance disorders. How to recognize, when to refer.
AB  - Nearly one in ten Americans has some degree of hearing loss. The primary care
      physician is frequently the first to examine patients with hearing and balance
      disorders. Examination begins with a thorough history and examination and may
      also include specific tests performed in the office. In many cases, the primary
      care physician can diagnose and treat disorders successfully. In other cases,
      referral to a specialist is necessary.

PMID- 3838116
TI  - Aortopulmonary fistula in a post-coarctation mycotic aneurysm.
AB  - A 21-year-old man presented with fever and septicemia resistant to antibiotic
      therapy. An unusual post-coarctation mycotic aortic aneurysm that had eroded into
      the left main stem bronchus was identified and replaced with a Dacron graft. A
      critical factor in achieving the satisfactory result was preparation of the
      femoral vessels for autotransfusion and possible cardiopulmonary bypass.

PMID- 3838117
TI  - Metastatic tumors of the heart detected by two-dimensional echocardiography.

PMID- 3838118
TI  - Reversible right ventricular outflow tract compression by immunoblastic sarcoma.

PMID- 3838119
TI  - 6-Keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, thromboxane B2, and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto
      prostaglandin F concentrations of normotensive and preeclamptic patients during
      pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period.
AB  - Plasma 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F, and
      thromboxane B2 levels were measured in normotensive and preeclamptic patients
      during pregnancy and the postpartum period. From 30 to 40 weeks of gestation, 6
      keto prostaglandin F1 alpha levels of preeclamptic patients were significantly
      lower than those of normotensive women; 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F and
      thromboxane B2 concentrations in preeclamptic patients did not significantly
      differ from those of the normotensive group. At delivery, 6-keto prostaglandin F1
      alpha levels of maternal and umbilical venous plasma of preeclamptic women were
      also significantly lower than those of normotensive women. In the postpartum
      period these three prostanoids were not significantly different in normotensive
      women compared to preeclamptic women, with clinical preeclamptic symptoms soon
      disappearing in most of our patients. From the results, it seems that
      prostacyclin plays an important role in preeclampsia.

PMID- 3838120
TI  - A dose-response study of piloplex for duration of action.
AB  - The duration of reduction in intraocular pressure after single-dose
      administration of three concentrations of piloplex and the vehicle of the drug
      was evaluated in 12 patients with open-angle glaucoma in a randomized, double
      masked, crossover study. Piloplex lowered intraocular pressure in a dose-related
      fashion, with a duration of action of at least 14 hours.

PMID- 3838121
TI  - Peptide YY inhibits meal-stimulated pancreatic and gastric secretion.
AB  - Peptide YY was recently isolated from porcine intestine and shown to exhibit
      marked structural homology with pancreatic polypeptide, a potent inhibitor of
      pancreatic exocrine secretion. We have examined the effects of infused peptide YY
      on gastric and pancreatic secretion in four mongrel dogs with gastric and
      pancreatic fistulas. A 15% liver extract meal was instilled intragastrically, and
      normal saline or one of three doses of peptide YY (200, 400, and 800 pmol X kg-1
      X h-1) was infused into a peripheral vein. All three doses of peptide YY
      significantly inhibited meal-stimulated pancreatic fluid and bicarbonate
      secretion, with the lowest dose inhibiting secretion by 44.5 +/- 3.5 and 53.6 +/-
      8.5%, respectively. Pancreatic protein secretion and gastric acid secretion were
      significantly inhibited by the two highest doses. The 200, 400, and 800 pmol X kg
      1 X h-1 doses of peptide YY were associated with increments in peripheral blood
      of 201 +/- 24, 357 +/- 50, and 971 +/- 139 pM, respectively. These values
      compared with mean increments of 86.3 +/- 8.5 pM after a meat meal and 403 +/- 63
      pM after intestinally perfused oleic acid. The present studies demonstrate that
      peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion and suggest that peptide YY
      may be the gastric and pancreatic inhibitor in ileocolonic mucosa that is
      released by perfusion of the intestine with oleic acid.

PMID- 3838122
TI  - Early effects of vitamin D metabolites on phosphate fluxes in isolated rat
      enterocytes.
AB  - The present studies were designed to explore the possibility that, in addition to
      its well-known steroidlike action, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the
      active vitamin D3 metabolite, modulates inorganic phosphate (Pi) transport across
      the intestinal mucosa through more rapid membrane effects. Enterocytes were
      mechanically isolated from the duodenojejunum of vitamin D-replete rats. In this
      model enterocyte Pi uptake was a temperature-dependent as well as a Na+-dependent
      process. In vitro addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 (1 pM) led to a significant increase in
      Na+-dependent initial Pi uptake velocity (iVpi) within 20 min (P less than
      0.001). No effect was seen for shorter incubation times (5 and 15 min).
      Incubation of the cells with cycloheximide did not inhibit the hormone-mediated
      increase of iVpi. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 significantly increased iVPi (P less than
      0.05) at a concentration of 1 nM but not 1 pM. Vitamin D3 at a concentration of 1
      microM had no effect on iVPi. Enterocyte Pi efflux rate constant was not modified
      by the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3(1pM). Thus, the early in vitro effect of
      1,25(OH)2D3 on Pi uptake by isolated enterocytes suggests a nongenomic action of
      the hormone, possibly by modifying the lipid structure of the plasma membrane.

PMID- 3838123
TI  - Genital herpes: does knowledge lead to action?
AB  - We analyzed data from a national telephone survey to determine whether awareness
      of the herpes epidemic led to changes in sexual behavior. Of those surveyed, 67
      per cent heard about herpes only within the last two years. More importantly, 45
      per cent of individuals perceiving themselves to be at risk stated they had
      changed their behavior as a result of this perception. Among those never married,
      60 per cent stated they were willing to modify their lives to avoid genital
      herpes.

PMID- 3838125
TI  - Computerized anesthesia record.

PMID- 3838124
TI  - Determination of atracurium in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3838126
TI  - Neuromuscular effects of atracurium in infants and children.

PMID- 3838127
TI  - Concerning toxicity testing of atracurium.

PMID- 3838128
TI  - Thyroid scanning in patients with suspected thyroid disease.

PMID- 3838129
TI  - The action of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on rat small intestine: changes in
      translatable mRNA species.
AB  - The time course of changes in translatable mRNA from small intestinal mucosa was
      studied in vitamin D-deficient rats following an intrajugular dose of 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3. L-[35S]Methionine-labeled translation products were analyzed
      by high-resolution one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis. Changes were
      detected in two distinct proteins, Mr 14,000/pI 6.24 (Band I), and Mr 5,200/pI
      4.86 (Band II). These increased to maxima of 1-2% each of the total in vitro
      synthesized protein at 12 h after dosing. This represented a 3- and 10-fold
      increase, respectively, over control values. The time course of these changes
      suggests that regulation of the levels of the mRNAs coding for these proteins is
      not involved in the initial (6 h) peak of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-stimulated
      intestinal calcium transport in the rat.

PMID- 3838130
TI  - Interaction of carbohydrates with dry dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine.
AB  - Interactions of six carbohydrates (trehalose, sucrose, glucose, raffinose,
      inositol, and glycerol) with dry dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were
      studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy
      (ir) in order to elucidate the mechanism by which some of these carbohydrates
      preserve structural and functional integrity of dry membranes. Results with DSC
      showed that trehalose depressed the main transition temperature (Tmid) of dry
      DPPC below that of fully hydrated DPPC, and raised the enthalpy of that
      transition more than did addition of water. Results obtained with ir spectroscopy
      suggested a potential mechanism for this interaction. In the presence of most of
      the carbohydrates the ir spectrum for DPPC showed changes similar to those seen
      when water was added to dry DPPC, and the asymmetric P = O stretching band was
      diminished in intensity. The degree to which the carbohydrates tested affected
      the integrated intensity of this band and the Tmid was correlated with the
      ability of those carbohydrates to preserve dry membranes. Also, bands assigned to
      -OH deformations in the trehalose and other carbohydrates were depressed in the
      presence of DPPC. Based on these observations, it is suggested that the mechanism
      of interaction between the carbohydrate and lipid involves hydrogen bonding
      between -OH groups on the carbohydrate and the phosphate head group of the
      phospholipid. The only exceptions to this pattern are glycerol, which depresses
      Tmid of dry DPPC, and myo-inositol, which has no effect on Tmid or the ir
      spectrum of DPPC; neither carbohydrate can preserve dry membranes. It is
      suggested, based on ir spectroscopy and previous results with monolayer
      preparations, that glycerol interacts with phospholipids by a mechanism different
      from that shown by the other carbohydrates.

PMID- 3838131
TI  - Sequence of a cloned 523-bp cDNA for thymosin beta 4.
AB  - The sequence of a 523-bp cDNA, isolated from a clone bank prepared from partially
      purified rat spleen mRNA coding for thymosin beta 4, was described. The 3'
      sequence extended through the poly(A) segment and the 5' sequence included 36 bp
      preceding the translated sequence. The putative amino acid sequence coded by this
      segment possesses some of the features of a signal peptide.

PMID- 3838132
TI  - Modification of the active site of isocitrate lyase from watermelon cotyledons.
AB  - Isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1) from watermelon cotyledons was modified by
      diethylpyrocarbonate and by the affinity labels 3-bromopyruvate and itaconate
      epoxide. The reaction with diethylpyrocarbonate, carried out at 30 degrees C in
      sodium phosphate, pH 6.5, modified (per subunit) 5 histidines in the absence and
      4 in the presence of substrate. The kinetics were nonsaturating with respect to
      diethylpyrocarbonate and the enzyme was protected against modification by
      substrate or both products together. Hydroxylamine (0.5 M) reversed both
      histidine modification and inactivation. The reaction with 3-bromopyruvate,
      carried out at 30 degrees C in 4-morpholinepropanesulfonic acid, pH 7.7, modified
      (per subunit) 1 sulfhydryl in the absence and 0 in the presence of substrate. The
      reaction showed saturation kinetics (KBrP = 1.4 X 10(-5)M) and Ds-isocitrate
      offers competitive protection (KI = 0.2-0.3 mM; Km = 0.25 mM). The reaction with
      itaconate epoxide, carried out at 30 degrees C in sodium phosphate, pH 7.0, was
      also saturating (KItEp = 16.4 mM) and the reversible inhibitor, itaconate (KI =
      50 microM; Ki = 22.5 microM) as well as the product, succinate (KS = 10.4 mM; Ki
      = 4.5 mM) offer competitive protection. Hydroxylamine (1 M, pH 7.0) reversed
      inactivation of the enzyme, indicating modification of a carboxylate residue at
      the active site. In summary, three different amino acid residues have been
      modified in the active site domain of watermelon isocitrate lyase.

PMID- 3838133
TI  - Gut-liver interaction during accelerated gluconeogenesis.
AB  - The effect of dexamethasone sodium phosphate on visceral organ glucose metabolism
      was studied in order to gain further understanding of the altered glucose
      dynamics that occur following catabolic states. Glucose, glutamine, and alanine
      exchange across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, liver, and kidneys was
      determined in 25 awake dogs that were catheterized on a long-term basis during a
      control period and after dexamethasone sodium phosphate treatment (0.44
      mg/kg/day) for two (dexamethasone 2) and nine (dexamethasone 9) days. The GI
      tract consumed glucose in control dogs but switched to an organ of balance or
      slight release with dexamethasone. Simultaneously, gut glutamine consumption
      increased markedly, as did intestinal alanine release. Hepatic glucose production
      more than doubled with dexamethasone at a time when hepatic alanine uptake was
      greatly increased. The kidneys demonstrated glucose balance in control animals,
      but released glucose with dexamethasone 9. The gut and kidneys may play an
      important role in the altered glucose dynamics seen in patients with sepsis and
      other catabolic diseases.

PMID- 3838134
TI  - Metabolism of aminoglutethimide in humans: quantification and clinical relevance
      of induced metabolism.
AB  - Hydroxylaminoglutethimide [3-ethyl-3-(4-hydroxylaminophenyl)piperidine-2,6-dione]
      (HxAG), aminoglutethimide [3-(4-aminophenyl)-3-ethylpiperidine-2,6-dione] (AG)
      and N-acetyl-aminoglutethimide (N-AcAG) have been quantified by high performance
      liquid chromatography using m-aminoglutethimide (metaAG) as the internal standard
      in serial 24 h urine collections from a patient on chronic AG therapy without
      steroid supplementation. HxAG is the product of a major AG-induced metabolic
      pathway since the ratio [HxAG]/[AG] rises with time. In contrast the ratio [N
      AcAG]/[AG] decreases with time. A rapid, simple colorimetric assay has been used
      to quantify HxAG in urine from both male and female patients receiving a range of
      doses of AG and to show that induced metabolism is a general phenomenon even at
      low doses (125 mg twice daily). AG therapy is known to alter the metabolic rate
      and plasma half-life of a number of coadministered compounds including
      dexamethasone and warfarin. Clinicians should remain alerted to this phenomenon.

PMID- 3838135
TI  - Amniotic fluid prostaglandins do not reflect human fetal lung maturation.
AB  - Experimental data suggest the involvement of classic prostaglandins (PG),
      prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TxA2) in fetal pulmonary development. To
      explore this possibility in man, we assayed serial amniotic fluid samples from 33
      women for 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (M-PGF2 alpha, a metabolite of PGF2
      alpha), 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (a breakdown product of prostacyclin (PGI2)), and
      thromboxane B2 (a metabolite of TxA2) as well as for the lecithin/sphingomyelin
      (L/S) ratio and phosphatidylglycerol. No difference in these prostanoids was seen
      between the samples with the immature (less than 2) or mature (greater than or
      equal to 2) L/S ratio, or between the samples with undetectable or detectable
      phosphatidylglycerol. The L/S ratio matured in 16 women and phosphatidylglycerol
      became detectable in 19 women during serial sampling, but even in these women the
      changes in the amniotic fluid prostanoids were inconsistent. It is concluded that
      the amniotic fluid M-PGF2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2 do not reflect fetal
      pulmonary maturity.

PMID- 3838136
TI  - Damage to the corneal endothelium during Nd/YAG photodisruption.
AB  - Damage to the human corneal endothelium, as seen by specular microscopy,
      associated with short pulsed neodymium: yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd/YAG) laser
      iridotomy and capsulotomy, is described. A specular and scanning electron
      microscopical study of fresh in vitro rabbit eyes submitted to Nd/YAG iridotomy
      was performed to investigate the nature of the endothelial damage. The majority
      of lesions showed irreversible changes ranging from individual cell destruction
      to disruption of large areas of the endothelium, while cells adjacent to these
      lesions had changes of an apparently reversible nature. It was possible to
      correlate accurately these scanning electron microscopic changes with the
      appearances seen with the clinical specular microscope. The extent of such damage
      appears to be related to the quantity of power delivered, its delivery mode, the
      number of laser bursts, and the target tissue/endothelium distance. The possible
      causes for such damage are discussed.

PMID- 3838137
TI  - In vitro studies with a pulsed neodymium/YAG laser.
AB  - The relationships between the destructive effects of Q-switched Nd/YAG laser
      pulses and a number of experimental parameters were studied for various target
      materials including in particular excised, fixed samples of human trabecular
      meshwork. The laser parameters altered were the pulse energy, the convergence
      angle of the focused beam, and the position of the focus of the beam relative to
      the target's axial position. The main finding was that it was possible to make
      deep holes, of a diameter less than 100 micron, in virtually transparent samples
      of trabecular meshwork with a laser delivery system of 6 degrees convergence and
      pulse energies of 14 mJ or more. The relevance of this and the other experimental
      results to the development of a reliable system for performing internal
      trabeculotomies for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma is presented.

PMID- 3838138
TI  - Thermal lens measurements in the cornea.
AB  - Q-switched pulses from a neodymium/YAG (yttrium-aluminium-garnet) laser were
      passed through corneal discs taken from the enucleated eyes of three baboons and
      four rabbits. The time course of heat dissipation following absorption of laser
      energy by the tissue was studied with the use of a second continuous wave laser
      beam acting as a probe. It was found that the absorption of each neodymium/YAG
      pulse created a transient divergent lens within the cornea as theoretical
      considerations predicted. The relaxation time that characterised the decay of
      this thermal lens for a 1/e laser beam diameter of 2.0 mm was found to be 2.3 +/-
      0.1 s (mean +/- standard error for 12 separate groups of measurements). Our
      results show that Q-switched laser pulses passing through apparently unaffected
      transparent tissues can induce thermal lens effects which persist for several
      seconds. The optical transfer of each pulse in a stream will be identical only if
      enough time is left between pulses for the tissues to return to their initial
      state. Therefore, when such laser pulses sharply focused to perform high
      precision intraocular surgery are used, thermal lensing in the transparent ocular
      media must limit the rate at which pulses can be usefully delivered.

PMID- 3838139
TI  - A special lipid mixture for membrane fluidization.
AB  - The potency for membrane fluidization of mixtures containing neutral lipids (NL),
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) from hen egg yolk was
      tested on human erythrocytes and lymphocytes. A specific mixture consisting of
      70% NL, 20% PC and 10% PE was found to be a potent membrane fluidizer operating
      almost exclusively by extracting membrane cholesterol. Spectral results and
      electron micrographs indicate that aqueous dispersion of this mixture consists of
      chylomicron-like assemblies where the neutral lipids provide the hydrophobic core
      on the surface of which phospholipids are spread as a monolayer.

PMID- 3838140
TI  - Interactions of polymerized phospholipid vesicles with cells. Uptake, processing
      and toxicity in macrophages.
AB  - We have studied the uptake of photopolymerized multilamellar vesicles composed of
      bis(1,2(methacryloyloxy)dodecanoyl)-L-alpha-phosphatidylchol ine (DPL) by mouse
      peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Vesicles composed of polymerized DPL are taken
      up more rapidly and extensively than vesicles composed of conventional
      phosphatidylcholine. The uptake of radioactive DPL vesicles was not blocked by
      incubation with unlabelled phosphatidylcholine vesicles in either the fluid or
      gel state. Likewise, fluid-phase negatively charged vesicles failed to block
      uptake of DPL vesicles, whereas solid-phase negatively charged vesicles did have
      a blocking effect. A radioactive lipophilic marker (dipalmitoylphosphatidyl[N
      methyl-3H]choline) incorporated into DPL vesicles was metabolized at essentially
      the same rate whether the vesicles were polymerized or not. Nonpolymerized DPL
      vesicles were quite toxic to macrophages, whereas polymerized DPL vesicles or
      vesicles composed of conventional phosphatidylcholines were not toxic.

PMID- 3838141
TI  - Perturbation of egg phosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
      multilamellar vesicles by n-alkanols. A fluorescent probe study.
AB  - The perturbing effects of n-alkanols (pentanol, decanol and tetradecanol) in egg
      phosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine multilamellar vesicles
      were studied with five fluorescent probes, 1-(4'-trimethylaminophenyl)-6
      phenylhexa-1,3,5-triene (TMA-DPH), 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, and 2-, 7-, and
      12-(9-anthroxyloxy)stearic acid (2-, 7-, and 12-AS). These probes localize at
      various depths in the membrane, enabling study of the membrane-order gradient.
      Phase-modulation fluorescence spectroscopy was used to measure steady-state
      anisotropies, excited-state lifetimes and differential polarized lifetimes from
      which the limiting hindered anisotropies (r infinity) and the logarithm of the
      rotational rate (log R) were calculated. The probes that localize at about the
      same depth in the membrane (TMA-DPH and 2-AS, diphenylhexatriene and 12-AS)
      generally, but not always, showed similar changes in r infinity and log R with
      added alkanols. However, the absolute values of r infinity and log R were usually
      different. The inconsistencies are attributed to differences in the probes'
      sizes, structures, photophysical properties and perturbing abilities. The
      perturbation of membranes by alkanols is chain-length-dependent. Pentanol
      disorders the membrane at all depths but is more effective in the membrane center
      than nearer to the polar headgroups of the phospholipids, tetradecanol can be
      accommodated into the membrane without effect or with increased order and the
      effects of decanol are intermediate between pentanol and tetradecanol. Our
      results with alkanols indicate that: a single perturber can have different
      effects on membrane order at different depths in the bilayer; the perturbation is
      observed at and distant from the perturbers' location in the membrane, and the
      bilayer center is more susceptible to perturbation by alkanols than the region of
      the bilayer near the phospholipid headgroups.

PMID- 3838142
TI  - Acyl selectivity in the transfer of molecular species of phosphatidylcholines
      from human erythrocytes.
AB  - This report describes the molecular species composition of phosphatidylcholines
      (PC) transferred from human erythrocytes to acceptor vesicles composed of
      cholesterol and single PC species in the presence of PC-specific transfer protein
      from bovine liver. The compositions of the PC isolated from the vesicles were
      determined by capillary GLC as the diacylglycerol trimethylsilyl ethers. The
      cellular PC species appearing in the acceptor vesicles were enriched in
      unsaturated species and showed a low content of dipalmitoyl PC compared to
      untreated erythrocytes. This trend was independent of the composition of the PC
      used to construct the acceptor vesicles and it was possible to determine that the
      relative rates of efflux of the palmitoyl-containing phosphatidylcholines
      decreased in the order: palmitoyl-linoleoyl greater than palmitoyl-oleoyl greater
      than dipalmitoyl and in the stearoyl series, stearoyl-linoleoyl greater than
      stearoyl-oleoyl. No clear trend was distinguished for the influence of chain
      length on the efflux, thus preventing an unambiguous assignment of the order of
      removal of all species from the cell membrane. Results derived for arachidonoyl
      containing species were compromised by evidence for oxidation occurring during
      incubations at 37 degrees C. To confirm that acyl selectivity was also possible
      during transfer in the absence of the transfer protein, the efflux of 14C-labeled
      soya PC and [14C]dipalmitoyl PC from prelabeled erythrocytes was measured using
      plasma as the acceptor. As predicted by the chromatographic analyses, 14C-labeled
      soya PC effused up to 10-times faster than [14C]dipalmitoyl PC from the red cell
      membrane. Thus, the more rapid transfer of unsaturated PC cannot be explained
      entirely as a specificity of the transfer protein and is consistent with the
      hypothesis that intermolecular interactions involving PC molecules within the
      erythrocyte membrane, become weaker with increasing unsaturation. The results
      suggest a potential role of PC-specific transfer protein as a probe of the nature
      of PC interactions within biological membranes.

PMID- 3838143
TI  - Morphology and phase behavior of two types of unilamellar vesicles prepared from
      synthetic phosphatidylcholines studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy and
      calorimetry.
AB  - Differential scanning calorimetry and freeze-fracture electron microscopy have
      been used to characterize the phase behavior and morphology of two types of
      unilamellar vesicles composed of synthetic phosphatidylcholines. The first type
      displayed an average diameter of roughly 100 nm and was formed by slow dilution
      and dialysis of octylglucoside-solubilized lipid. These large, unilamellar
      vesicles were termed dialyzed, octylglucoside vesicles and could be obtained as a
      fairly well defined and uniform population of vesicles. The second vesicle type
      was prepared by a unique procedure involving dialysis of deoxycholate-solubilized
      lipid at its pre-transition temperature. This procedure produced a much more
      heterogeneous distribution of vesicle sizes (500 to 4000 nm in diameter) and left
      some dilamellar and oligolamellar species which could not be conveniently
      separated from the giant, unilamellar vesicles constituting the major portion of
      the sample. Both populations of vesicles displayed phase behavior similar, but
      not identical to that of large, multilamellar vesicles (LMV). Fracture-face
      morphology of the gel phase was also observed to differ between the two
      unilamellar and the multilamellar species. LMV have previously been shown to have
      clear undulated or banded fracture-faces in the P beta phase, while
      octylglucoside vesicles are shown here to have facetted fracture-faces. Giant,
      unilamellar vesicles displayed a faint banded morphology similar to but less
      distinct than that of the LMV P beta phase. These results have demonstrated that
      bilayer apposition is not required to support the banded fracture-face morphology
      characteristic of the P beta phase but that a limiting curvature is necessary.

PMID- 3838144
TI  - Characterization of a photosensitive glucose derivative. A photoaffinity reagent
      for the erythrocyte hexose transporter.
AB  - The photosensitive reagent 6-N-(4-azido-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzoyl)-D
      glucosamine has been assessed as a potential photoaffinity label for the hexose
      transporter. Under zero-trans conditions, transport experiments performed in the
      dark reveal that the reagent inhibits the uptake of D-glucose in resealed human
      erythrocyte ghosts. Increasing the concentration of glucose in the transport
      medium has a protective effect, reducing the inhibition. Kinetic analysis
      indicates that the probe acts as a competitive inhibitor with high affinity for
      the erythrocyte hexose transporter (Ki between 0.07 and 0.2 microM). Exposure to
      a 280 nm filtered high intensity mercury-vapor lamp results in a rapid and
      efficient photolysis. At low concentrations of the probe, specific labeling of
      membrane preparations was observed. Autoradiograms of 10% SDS gels revealed the
      specific labeling of bands 4.51 and 6. This labeling was concentration-dependent
      and protected by D-glucose (not the L-isomer) and phloretin in the medium. When
      subjected to multiple exposures of low concentration of the photoaffinity
      reagent, apparent saturation was achieved.

PMID- 3838145
TI  - Isolation and characterization of hemorrhagic factors a and b from the venom of
      the Chinese habu snake (Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus).
AB  - Hemorrhagic factors a and b were isolated from Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom
      by Sephadex G-100, CM-Sephadex C-50 and DEAE-Sephacel column chromatographies.
      The hemorrhagic factors were homogeneous, as established by a single band on
      acrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate
      (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Molecular weights of 15 000 and 27 000
      were found for hemorrhagic factors a and b, respectively. Factor a possesses
      proteolytic activity hydrolyzing the His(10)-Leu(11), Tyr(16)-Leu(17) and Arg(22)
      Gly(23) bonds of oxidized insulin B chain, whereas, factor b hydrolyzed only the
      Ala(14)-Leu(15) bond. Hemorrhagic activity of these hemorrhagic factors was
      inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1,10-phenanthroline or p
      chloromercuribenzoate, but not by soybean trypsin inhibitor or diisopropyl
      fluorophosphate. The hemorrhagic factors were injected into the skin of the back
      of albino rabbits, and the minimum hemorrhagic dose of factors a and b was 1.7
      and 2.3 micrograms, respectively. These purified hemorrhagic factors were not
      lethal at 15 micrograms/g in mice. Factor a hydrolyzed the B beta chain of
      fibrinogen, while factor b hydrolyzed the A alpha chain. Hemorrhagic factor a was
      shown to differ immunologically from factor b. Factors a and b produced systemic
      hemorrhage in internal organs such as the heart and stomach of mice. Moreover,
      factor b produced hemorrhage in the liver.

PMID- 3838146
TI  - [Cell proliferation in mouse tissues after thymectomy and the administration of T
      activin].
AB  - The epithelium of mouse cornea and lymph nodes was examined for DNA-synthetic and
      mitotic activity at different times after thymectomy and administration of T
      activin, an active factor of the thymus. Thymectomy entails retardation of the
      rate of corneal epithelium regeneration, diminution in both tissues under study
      of the amplitude of oscillations in cell proliferation throughout the day.
      Administration to the animals of the immunoactive thymic factor T-activin makes
      the circadian rhythm of cell proliferation return to normal. It is assumed that T
      activin raises the capacity of lymphocytes to interact with epithelial cells,
      which manifests itself in the enhancement of their mitotic activity.

PMID- 3838147
TI  - Electrically evoked activity in the human external anal sphincter.
AB  - Following electrical stimulation of perianal skin, short latency evoked
      electromyographic (EMG) responses from the external and sphincter have been
      interpreted as the electrophysiological correlate of the anal reflex. Delayed
      responses in patients with idiopathic faecal incontinence have been interpreted
      as evidence for denervation of the external anal sphincter. Electrically evoked
      responses were studied in normal subjects, either before and during spinal
      anaesthesia (n = 8), or before and during competitive neuromuscular blockade (n =
      4), instituted for operative purposes. Short latency responses persisted
      unchanged in either latency or duration during spinal anaesthesia whereas long
      latency responses were completely abolished. Both short and long latency
      responses were abolished during competitive neuromuscular blockade. Short latency
      responses are not spinal reflex in nature, but due to stimulus activation of
      alpha-motoneuronal terminal branches. Delayed responses in incontinent patients
      cannot be interpreted as evidence for pudendal neuropathy. Long latency (i.e.
      greater than 40 ms) responses demand a functional sacral spinal cord and
      represent the true anal reflex. Their wide range of latency in normal subjects
      suggests this measurement will be of little use in confirming the presence or
      absence of pudendal neuropathy, and that other measures of neuropathy may be more
      appropriate.

PMID- 3838148
TI  - Effects of amsacrine and other DNA-intercalating drugs on nuclear and nucleolar
      structure in cultured V79 Chinese hamster cells and PtK2 rat kangaroo cells.
AB  - Amsacrine [m-AMSA; 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide] is a synthetic
      intercalating agent with clinical utility in the treatment of acute leukemias and
      lymphomas. However, as with other intercalators, its mechanism of action is
      uncertain. We have examined structural changes induced by amsacrine and other
      intercalators (actinomycin D, Adriamycin, mitoxantrone, 9-aminoacridine) in
      cultured Chinese hamster (V79-171b) and rat kangaroo kidney epithelial (PtK2)
      cells, using light- and electron microscopy with simultaneous assessment of cell
      survival. During chronic exposure at low concentrations, amsacrine causes cell
      and nuclear enlargement, lobulation of the nucleus, and nucleolar segregation.
      Nucleolar segregation was also induced by the other four intercalators. The
      cytotoxic potency of these drugs, as measured by cell survival after 1-hr
      exposure, was compared with potency of induction of nucleolar segregation.
      Relative potencies in the two assays varied by more than 10(4)-fold, with
      actinomycin D the most effective and amsacrine the least effective inducer of
      nucleolar segregation relative to cytotoxic potency. Thus, although all five
      intercalators induced nucleolar segregation with high specificity, this lesion
      does not correlate with cell killing by these drugs. However, interference with
      nucleolar function (i.e., ribosomal RNA synthesis) may be responsible for the
      reversible cytostatic effect observed on chronic exposure to some intercalators
      (actinomycin D, 9-aminoacridine) at low concentrations.

PMID- 3838149
TI  - [Computer analysis of the ECG curve as a contribution to the automatic diagnosis
      of heart diseases].

PMID- 3838150
TI  - DNA repair in an active gene: removal of pyrimidine dimers from the DHFR gene of
      CHO cells is much more efficient than in the genome overall.
AB  - DNA repair was measured in the dihydrofolate reductase gene in Chinese hamster
      ovary cells, amplified for the gene, by quantitating pyrimidine dimers with a
      specific UV-endonuclease. More than two thirds of the dimers had been removed
      from a 14.1 kb restriction fragment of the gene by 26 hr after irradiation (20
      J/m2), while little removal was detected in fragments upstream of the gene and
      only 15% were removed from the genome overall. This suggests that damage
      processing can vary according to function or activity of affected sequences,
      which has general implications for correlations of DNA repair with survival and
      mutagenesis. Perhaps preferential repair of vital sequences facilitates UV
      resistance of these cells despite low overall repair levels.

PMID- 3838151
TI  - Knee injuries in gymnastics.
AB  - A review of injury patterns to the knee joint in gymnastics seen at our sport
      medicine clinic over a six and one-half year period reveals the patellofemoral
      pain syndrome to be more than twice as frequent as any other type of injury.
      Sprains are second in frequency but first in order of problems requiring
      emergency surgical treatment. The intensity of training correlates with the
      various overuse syndrome encountered, and the perfection of intricate routines
      and tricks can lead to significant injury of ligaments and menisci.

PMID- 3838152
TI  - Identification of muscarinic receptor subtype mediating colonic response to
      eating.
AB  - The colonic motor response to eating requires cholinergic transmission. Recent
      studies have identified two subclasses of muscarinic receptor, the M1 and the M2
      subtype. The aim of this study was to evaluate the muscarinic receptor subtype
      responsible for mediating the gastrocolonic response. Spike potential (SP)
      activity and intraluminal pressure were recorded, during fasting and after eating
      a 1000-kcal mixed meal, from the distal colon of 10 healthy volunteers. In each
      subject three paired studies were carried out: either atropine (a nonselective
      antimuscarinic, 1 mg), pirenzepine (a selective M1 antimuscarinic, 10 mg), or
      saline were infused intravenously before eating, using a double-blind crossover
      design. The meal significantly increased colonic spike potential activity (17.6
      +/- 3.9, SP/30 min) above fasting values (2.7 +/- 0.6, P less than 0.01) in the
      control study. There was no postprandial increase in spike potential activity
      (3.3 +/- 0.9, SP/30 min) after atropine. The meal also significantly increased
      spike potential activity (15.4 +/- 3.3 SP/30 min, P less than 0.01) above fasting
      levels and equal to that of the controls, in the pirenzepine study. These data
      suggest that the colonic motor response to eating is mediated through the M2 but
      not the M1 subtype of muscarinic receptors.

PMID- 3838153
TI  - Quantitation and characterization of human plasma neurotensin-like
      immunoreactivity in response to a meal.
AB  - The secretion and metabolism of endogeneous neurotensin-like immunoreactivities
      after a test meal were studied in five healthy human subjects. Intact neurotensin
      and the N-terminal metabolic fragment, neurotensin 1-8, were quantified by
      radioimmunoassay with C- and N-terminally directed antisera in conjunction with
      gel filtration of plasma samples obtained at timed intervals. Both C- and N
      terminal neurotensin-like immunoreactivities rose after the meal, reaching a
      plateau level after 20 and 30 min, respectively. During the plateau phase, which
      lasted for the rest of the experimental period of 180 min, the molar ratio of
      intact neurotensin to neurotensin 1-8 remained approximately constant at 1:4.6.
      Meal-stimulated immunoreactive neurotensin appeared to be metabolized in a manner
      comparable to that of exogenously infused neurotensin in man. The results suggest
      that intact neurotensin is secreted at an approximately constant rate during the
      plateau phase. The relatively low plateau level of neurotensin 1-8, which has a
      much longer half-life than intact neurotensin in the circulation, implies that
      only a fraction of the secreted intact neurotensin is metabolized to neurotensin
      1-8, indicating the existence of alternative pathways of neurotensin metabolism.

PMID- 3838154
TI  - In vivo effects of cadmium on some enzyme activities in tissues of the freshwater
      catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis.
AB  - Alterations in the activities of some enzymes in a freshwater catfish,
      Heteropneustes fossilis, have been examined in liver, kidney, intestine, ovary,
      gills, and muscles after exposure to 0.26 mg/liter of cadmium for 15, 30, and 60
      days. The fish were hyperglycemic and hyperlactemic after 15 and 30 days of
      exposure. The liver and muscle glycogen content was depleted in the first two
      periods of exposure. In contrast, 60 days of cadmium treatment increased the
      glycogen content of the two tissues. Liver lactic acid level was elevated after
      15 days. Muscle lactic acid content fell significantly after 15 and 60 days of
      exposure, but it was elevated after 30 days. Acid phosphatase activity was
      inhibited in liver, ovary, and gills but the enzyme activity increased in kidney
      and intestine. The activity of alkaline phosphatase decreased in liver, kidney,
      and intestine but elevation was recorded in ovary and muscles. In all three
      exposure periods, hexokinase activity of kidney and ovary was inhibited but the
      enzyme activity increased in intestine. Hexokinase showed elevation in liver,
      gills, and muscle after 15 and 30 days of exposure and inhibition after 60 days
      of exposure. The activity of xanthine oxidase decreased in liver and muscles and
      elevated in the rest of the tissues. Glutamate dehydrogenase fell significantly
      in intestine, ovary, and gills. In liver, kidney, and muscles the enzyme activity
      was elevated. Liver, intestine, gills, and muscles showed elevation in aminoacid
      oxidase activity. However, the enzyme activity was inhibited in kidney and in
      ovary.

PMID- 3838155
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: radiometric assay of lectin binding specificities of the
      major egg glycoprotein and its carbohydrate-rich fragment.
AB  - The binding by lectins of the Schistosoma mansoni major egg glycoprotein and of a
      carbohydrate-rich fragment which is serologically cross-reactive with it was
      studied. The major egg glycoprotein was purified from a crude soluble egg antigen
      by a succession of affinity chromatography procedures on concanavalin A-sepharose
      and by ion-exchange chromatography. The carbohydrate-rich fragment was isolated
      by ultrafiltration of the crude glycoprotein fraction initially obtained from the
      crude soluble egg antigens. The major egg glycoprotein and the carbohydrate-rich
      fragment contain 77 and 92.5% carbohydrate, respectively. When radioiodinated and
      run on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, each of them exhibited a single
      peak with respective Rf values of 0.33 and 1.0, and their respective molecular
      weights were 70K and 10-13K. The binding of the radioiodinated major egg
      glycoprotein and the carbohydrate-rich fragment by peanut agglutinin, Ricinus
      communis agglutinin-60, wheat germ agglutinin, and lotus agglutinin was studied
      by double diffusion in agar, and by a radiometric solid-phase assay in which the
      lectins were used to coat microtiter plates. The latter assay was employed to
      determine the specificity of the binding by inhibition with the specific sugars.
      Both the major egg glycoprotein and the carbohydrate-rich fragment bound
      specifically to concanavalin A columns as indicated by their isolation procedure.
      They also bound specifically to peanut agglutinin, R. communis agglutinin 60, and
      lotus agglutinin, while binding by wheat germ agglutinin appeared not to be
      specific.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3838156
TI  - Effect of steviol and its structural analogues on glucose production and oxygen
      uptake in rat renal tubules.
AB  - The effect of several natural products of Stevia rebaudiana on glucose production
      and oxygen uptake in rat renal cortical tubules was investigated. Steviol,
      isosteviol and glucosilsteviol decreased glucose production and inhibited oxygen
      uptake. The sweet principle stevioside, and steviolbioside, however, were without
      effect on gluconeogenesis and oxygen uptake.

PMID- 3838157
TI  - Application of O-(4-diazo-3-[125I]iodobenzoyl)sucrose for the detection of the
      catabolic sites of low density lipoprotein.
AB  - The sites of degradation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL), are analyzed
      using the novel labelling compound O-(4-diazo-3-[125I]iodobenzoyl)sucrose
      (D125IBS). The decay from rat serum of D125IBS-labelled LDL is identical to the
      serum decay of conventionally iodinated (ICI method) LDL. The radioactivity
      derived from D125IBS-labelled LDL accumulates predominantly in the liver after
      intravenous injection and the hepatic radioactivity remains associated with the
      lysosomal compartment for an extended period of time, when compared to the
      radioactivity derived from conventionally iodinated LDL. It is concluded that the
      D125IBS labelling procedure is an interesting new tool to study the sites of
      catabolism of serum lipoproteins.

PMID- 3838158
TI  - Guanine nucleotides modulate the ligand binding properties of cell surface folate
      receptors in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Dictyostelium discoideum cells show 2 distinct classes of cell surface binding
      sites for folates. One type is non-specific, i.e., binds folic acid (FA), 2
      deaminofolic acid (DAFA), and methotrexate (MTX) with similar affinity (K0.5
      congruent to 140 nM). Scatchard analysis of this non-specific binding type
      suggests either heterogeneity or negative cooperativity. Isolated D. discoideum
      membranes show similar binding characteristics. Guanine nucleotides changed the
      binding levels of [3H]MTX. In the presence of 0.1 mM GTP, the number of binding
      sites remains unchanged, while the affinity decreases. GDP and guanylyl
      imidodiphosphate (GPPNP) are required at about 20-fold higher concentration than
      GTP, which elicits a half-maximal effect at 15 microM. Other guanine and adenine
      nucleotides are ineffective up to 1 mM. These results suggests that the non
      specific cell surface receptor for folic acid interacts with a guanine nucleotide
      regulatory (G-) protein.

PMID- 3838159
TI  - 4-Hydroxyalk-2-enals are substrates for glutathione transferase.
AB  - The 4-hydroxyalk-2-enals are established products of lipid peroxidation that are
      conjugated with intracellular glutathione. Cytosolic glutathione transferases
      from rat liver were shown to give high specific activities with 4-hydroxynonenal
      and 4-hydroxydecenal. The isoenzyme giving the highest specific activity was
      glutathione transferase 4-4. The rate of the spontaneous conjugation reaction is
      negligible in comparison with the rate calculated for the cellular concentration
      of the glutathione transferases. It is proposed that a major biological function
      of the glutathione transferases is to protect the cell against products of
      oxidative metabolism, such as epoxides, organic hydroperoxides, and 4
      hydroxyalkenals.

PMID- 3838160
TI  - Structure of chicken calcitonin predicted by partial nucleotide sequence of its
      precursor.
AB  - DNA complementary to chicken ultimobranchial gland mRNA was cloned into the Pst I
      site of plasmid vector pBR322. A plasmid was selected by DNA-mRNA hybridization.
      We report here the partial nucleotide sequence of chicken calcitonin mRNA and the
      deduced complete amino acid sequence of chicken calcitonin.

PMID- 3838161
TI  - Two-site phosphorylation of the phosphorylatable light chain (20-kDa light chain)
      of chicken gizzard myosin.
AB  - When prepared under specified conditions chicken gizzard myosin was obtained
      which when incubated with ATP gave rise to a diphosphorylated as well as the
      monophosphorylated form of P light chain. Formation of the diphosphorylated light
      chain occurred more readily with these myosin preparations, but could also be
      obtained by prolonged incubation of the isolated whole light chain fraction with
      kinase preparations from rabbit skeletal and chicken gizzard muscles. Using
      isolated light chains as substrate the more readily formed monophosphorylated
      light chain contained serine phosphate while the diphosphorylated form contained
      serine and threonine phosphates.

PMID- 3838162
TI  - Distribution and release of peptide YY in dog measured by specific
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Peptide YY (PYY), neuropeptide Y, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) are the third
      family of structurally related peptides to be extracted from the brain-gut axis.
      In the present study we have validated a sensitive and specific assay for PYY and
      used it to measure the distribution of PYY in the canine gastrointestinal tract.
      In addition we have compared the PYY and PP responses to both an intragastric
      meal and to insulin hypoglycemia. The highest concentration of PYY was present in
      the canine ileum (1610 +/- 123 ng/g) and colon (1607 +/- 194 ng/g). Significant
      (p less than 0.05) increases in both circulating PP and PYY concentrations were
      observed in response to the meal (mean delta PP = 180 +/- 43 pg/ml; mean delta
      PYY = 205 +/- 61 pg/ml). In contrast, only serum PP concentrations (mean delta PP
      = 294 +/- 36 pg/ml) increased significantly (p less than 0.01) in response to
      insulin hypoglycemia, demonstrating differences in the sensitivity of the PP and
      PYY cells to vagal stimulation. The present demonstration of PYY release in
      response to a physiological stimulus fulfills one of the prerequisites for
      hormonal status.

PMID- 3838163
TI  - Pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, and neuropeptide Y family of regulatory
      peptides.

PMID- 3838164
TI  - How much malabsorbed sugar causes "diarrhea?".

PMID- 3838165
TI  - A decentralized mental health reporting program.

PMID- 3838168
TI  - Neodymium:YAG laser anterior capsulotomy and a possible new application.
AB  - Neodymium:YAG laser anterior capsulotomy performed in nine cases had a high
      incidence of complications. In 220 cases of Nd:YAG laser nucleus pretreatment,
      without opening the anterior capsule, the time required for emulsification of the
      nucleus was less than with standard techniques.

PMID- 3838166
TI  - The potential benefits of therapeutic splenectomy for patients with Hodgkin's
      disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - Thirty-four patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma underwent
      therapeutic splenectomies to improve hematologic tolerance for chemotherapy. The
      mean age was 40 years; there were 16 males and 18 females. Fourteen had Hodgkin's
      disease, 19 had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 1 had malignant histiocytosis.
      Nineteen had palpable splenomegaly, 19 had marrow involvement and 20 had splenic
      involvement by lymphoma. The following data were analyzed before and after
      splenectomy: mean white blood cell count (WBC) and platelet count on planned
      first day of cycle, delay ratio of chemotherapy delivery and percent maximal dose
      rate. Thirteen patients had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, splenomegaly and positive
      bone marrow and showed significant benefit in all of the aforementioned
      parameters. Of the patients with prior irradiation, only those who completed
      their radiation greater than six months prior to splenectomy showed benefit. Ten
      patients had Hodgkin's disease, negative bone marrow and no splenomegaly. This
      group showed significant improvement in mean platelet count but more limited
      benefit in delay ratio and percent maximal dose rate. Thus, selected patients
      with lymphoma who are experiencing delays in chemotherapy because of poor count
      tolerance may benefit from splenectomy.

PMID- 3838167
TI  - Neodymium:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy results and complications.
AB  - I have reviewed 210 cases of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. The results
      indicate that although the procedure is extremely safe, complications can occur,
      at least one of which is severe.

PMID- 3838169
TI  - Intraocular lens design for the neodymium:YAG laser.
AB  - Phacoemulsification was performed on both lenses of 24 rabbits. One eye received
      a lens implant with a convex-plano optic; the fellow eye received an implant with
      a convex-concave optic which separated the posterior surface of the implant from
      the posterior capsule by 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, or 0.4 mm. A YAG laser capsulotomy was
      performed on all eyes immediately following surgery and an assessment of both
      microscopic and macroscopic YAG-induced lens damage was made. The meniscus optics
      with their capsule-implant separation showed significantly less YAG-induced
      damage than their convex-plano counterparts without this separation. Increasing
      the amount of capsule-implant separation beyond 0.2 mm did not enhance the degree
      of protection from YAG-induced damage.

PMID- 3838171
TI  - Interaction of the recA protein of Escherichia coli with single-stranded DNA.
AB  - The interaction of recA protein with single-stranded (ss) phi X174 DNA has been
      examined by means of a nuclease protection assay. The stoichiometry of protection
      was found to be 1 recA monomer/approximately 4 nucleotides of ssDNA both in the
      absence of a nucleotide cofactor and in the presence of ATP. In contrast, in the
      presence of adenosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate) (ATP gamma S) the stoichiometry was
      1 recA monomer/approximately 8 nucleotides. No protection was seen with ADP. In
      the absence of a nucleotide cofactor, the binding of recA protein to ssDNA was
      quite stable as judged by equilibration with a challenge DNA (t1/2 approximately
      30 min). Addition of ATP stimulated this transfer (t1/2 approximately 3 min) as
      did ADP (t1/2 approximately 0.2 min). ATP gamma S greatly reduced the rate of
      equilibration (t1/2 greater than 12 h). Direct visualization of recA X ssDNA
      complexes at subsaturating recA protein concentrations using electron microscopy
      revealed individual ssDNA molecules partially covered with recA protein which
      were converted to highly condensed networks upon addition of ATP gamma S. These
      results have led to a general model for the interaction of recA protein with
      ssDNA.

PMID- 3838170
TI  - Tetrahydromethanopterin-dependent methanogenesis from non-physiological C1 donors
      in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum.
AB  - Methanogenesis from the non-physiological C1 donors thioproline, thiazolidine,
      hexamethylenetetramine, formaldehyde (HCHO), and HOCH2-S-coenzyme M (CoM) was
      catalyzed by cell extracts of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum under a
      hydrogen atmosphere. Tetrahydromethanopterin (H4MPT) and HS-CoM were required in
      the reaction mixture. The non-physiological compounds were found to be in
      chemical equilibrium with HCHO, which has been shown to react spontaneously with
      H4MPT to form methylene-H4MPT, an intermediate of the methanogenic pathway at the
      formaldehyde level of oxidation. Highfield (360 MHZ) 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic
      resonance studies performed on the interaction between HCHO and HS-CoM showed
      that these compounds are in equilibrium with HOCH2-S-CoM and that the equilibrium
      is pH dependent. When methanogenesis from the non-physiological donors was
      followed under a nitrogen atmosphere, the C1 moiety from each compound underwent
      a disproportionation, forming methenyl-H4MPT+ and methane. The compounds tested
      served as substrates for the enzymatic synthesis of methenyl-H4MPT+.

PMID- 3838172
TI  - Biosynthesis in vitro of disialosylneolactotetraosylceramide by a solubilized
      sialyltransferase from embryonic chicken brain.
AB  - A sialyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis in vitro of LD1c (NeuAc alpha 2
      8NeuGc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4Glc-NAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc-Cer) has been
      characterized from 9 to 11-day-old embryonic chicken brains. The CMP
      [14C]NeuAc:LM1(alpha 2-8)sialyltransferase (SAT-2) sedimented (75%) at the
      junction of 0.75 and 1.2 M on a discontinuous sucrose density gradient when still
      membrane bound. In addition to the biosynthesis of LD1c, the detergent
      solubilized (0.4% Nonidet P-40) preparation also catalyzes the transfer of sialic
      acid to O-8 of sialic acid in GM3 to form GD3 (NeuAc alpha 2-8NeuAc alpha 2 -
      3Gal beta 1 - 4Glc - Cer). Substrate inhibition studies indicated that these two
      reactions are probably catalyzed by the same enzyme, SAT-2. The kinetic
      parameters of SAT-2 activity were determined. The Km values were 70 and 63 microM
      with CMP-[14C]NeuAc and LM1, respectively, when the detergent-solubilized
      supernatant fraction was used as enzyme source. The (alpha 2-8)-linkage between
      the terminal and penultimate sialic acids was determined using nonradioactive CMP
      NeuAc and [Ac-14C]LM1 as substrates (Higashi, H., and Basu, S. (1982) Anal.
      Biochem. 120, 159-164) for the enzyme, followed by identification of the
      permethylated [14C]sialic acid of the product by radioautography. At 0.5 mM N
      ethylmaleimide, the SAT-2 activity was inhibited 50% whereas SAT-1 and SAT-3
      activities (Basu, M., Basu, S., Stoffyn, A., and Stoffyn, P. (1982) J. Biol.
      Chem. 257, 12765-12769) remained uninhibited.

PMID- 3838173
TI  - N-Acetylneuraminyllactosylceramide, GM3-NeuAc, a new influenza A virus receptor
      which mediates the adsorption-fusion process of viral infection. Binding
      specificity of influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) to membrane-associated GM3
      with different molecular species of sialic acid.
AB  - Agglutinates of native chicken erythrocytes caused by influenza virus
      A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) at 4 degrees C were potently fused and lysed at low pH
      (optimum pH 5.3) at 37 degrees C. Exogenous gangliosides GM3 (Sia alpha 2-3Gal
      beta 1-4Glc beta 1-ceramide) and GM2 (GalNAc beta 1-4(Sia alpha 2-3)-Gal beta 1
      4Glc beta 1-ceramide) were integrated into the membranes of chicken
      asialoerythrocytes within 5-min incubation at 37 degrees C. We found that the
      incorporation of ganglioside GM3 containing N-acetylneuraminic acid into
      asialoerythrocytes restored the biological responsiveness to the virus as
      established by agglutination at 4 degrees C and fusion and hemolysis at 37
      degrees C at pH 5.3. Biological responsiveness of GM3-NeuAc-erythrocytes to the
      virus was considerably higher than that of GM3-NeuGc-erythrocytes under the same
      experimental conditions. Treatment of the GM3-NeuAc-erythrocytes with
      neuraminidase again resulted in the complete abolishment of the response to the
      virus. Erythrocytes containing GM2-NeuAc showed no detectable biological
      responses toward the virus. The above results indicate that the hemagglutinin of
      influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) recognizes the sialyloligosaccharide chain of
      ganglioside GM3 as its receptor which mediates the adsorption and fusion process
      on the virus entry into the host cells and has more preferential specificity for
      binding to N-acetylneuraminic acid-containing GM3 than that to N-glycolyl type in
      the target cell membranes.

PMID- 3838174
TI  - Regulation of cytochrome P-450 gene expression. Studies with a cloned probe.
AB  - A cDNA clone for cytochrome P-450e, a phenobarbitone-inducible species in rat
      liver, has been isolated and characterized. With the use of this cloned DNA, an
      attempt has been initiated to elucidate the factors regulating the cytochrome P
      450 gene expression. Inhibitors of heme synthesis such as cobalt chloride and 3
      amino-1,2,4-triazole block the induction of cytochrome P-450e by phenobarbitone
      at the level of transcription. This is evident from the decrease in the rate of
      synthesis of cytochrome P-450e, a decrease in the levels of specific translatable
      messenger RNA, a decrease in the specific cytoplasmic and nuclear messenger RNA
      contents, and nuclear transcription of cytochrome P-450e gene, as revealed by
      hybridization to the cloned probe, under these conditions. It is proposed that
      heme is a general regulator of cytochrome P-450 gene expression at the level of
      transcription, whereas the drug or its metabolite would impart the specificity
      needed for the induction of a particular species.

PMID- 3838175
TI  - Interaction of French-pressed liposomes with isolated bovine adrenal chromaffin
      cells. Characterization of the cell-liposome interactions.
AB  - Small unilamellar liposomes with an average external diameter of approximately
      550 A were prepared by high pressure extrusion in a French press. Liposomes,
      composed of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and cholesterol at a molar
      ratio of 7:1:2, were incubated with suspensions of bovine adrenal chromaffin
      cells. The cell-liposome interactions were characterized using fluorescence and
      radiotracer techniques. Transfer of the liposomal contents into the cytoplasm was
      visualized by fluorescence microscopy, using fluorescence-labeled macromolecules,
      and further documented by flow cytometry with liposome-entrapped 5,6-carboxy
      fluorescein. The dose dependence, time course, and temperature dependence of the
      cell-liposome association, as determined by radioactive labeling both the
      liposomal membranes and their contents, indicate saturable interaction of the
      cells with intact liposomes (KappM approximately 5 X 10(-7) M lipid/10(6) cells
      at 37 degrees C). Using nonexchangeable fluorescent phospholipid analogs, the
      cell-liposome interactions were characterized by fluorescence resonance energy
      transfer and by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. From these latter
      experiments we conclude that after 1-h incubation of 10(6) cells with 1 microM
      lipid at 37 degrees C, 30% of the cell-associated liposomes will have fused with
      the plasma membranes, resulting in the delivery of the contents of approximately
      1.25 X 10(5) liposomes into each cell. Thus, liposomal delivery is an effective
      means to gain access to the cytoplasm and can be exploited to modulate
      physiological responses from within intact chromaffin cells.

PMID- 3838176
TI  - Longitudinal gradients of collagen and elastin gene expression in the porcine
      aorta.
AB  - The physical and chemical properties of the mammalian aorta are known to vary as
      a function of distance from the heart. These properties are highly dependent
      collagen and elastic fibers. In order to evaluate the mechanisms which regulate
      the accumulation of these two connective tissue proteins, gene expression was
      evaluated at both the biosynthetic and messenger RNA levels. Short-term (3 h)
      explant cultures of the medial portion of four segments of the descending aorta
      in newborn pigs were incubated in the presence of [3H] proline. Collagen
      production was quantified by collagenase digestion and elastin production was
      determined by immunoprecipitation. Between the conus arteriosus and the
      bifurcation of the iliac arteries, relative collagen synthesis increased 2-fold
      (from 5.8 to 12.0% of total protein synthesis), while relative elastin synthesis
      declined 10-fold (from 16.4 to 1.6% of total protein synthesis). Similarly,
      collagen production increased more than 7-fold (from 6.7 to 49.8 X 10(3)
      molecules/cell/h) while elastin production was reduced more than 3-fold (from
      71.8 to 21.0 X 10(3) molecules/cell/h) along this developmental gradient. Elastin
      synthesis appeared to be controlled to a significant extent by the availability
      of elastin mRNA, since both cell-free translation and molecular hybridization to
      a cloned elastin gene probe showed gradients of elastin gene expression.
      Similarly, collagen synthesis was apparently regulated, at least in part, by an
      inverse gradient of collagen mRNA, as measured with a cloned cDNA for the pro
      alpha 1(I) collagen gene. Marked changes in the amount of non-elastin protein
      synthesis accompanied differentiation and accounted for larger changes in
      relative synthesis. These results suggest that the phenotype of the cells of the
      porcine artery wall is distinct in different regions of this organ at this
      developmental stage.

PMID- 3838178
TI  - My role as a clinical investigator and consultant to industry and the Food and
      Drug Administration (FDA)

PMID- 3838177
TI  - The acrosomal membrane of boar sperm: a Golgi-derived membrane poor in
      glycoconjugates.
AB  - The acrosome is a large secretory vesicle of the sperm head that carries enzymes
      responsible for the digestion of the oocyte's investments. The event leads to
      sperm penetration and allows fertilization to occur. Release of the acrosomal
      enzymes is mediated by the interaction between sperm acrosomal and plasma
      membranes (acrosome reaction). Biochemical characterization of the acrosomal
      membrane has been restrained by a lack of methods to isolate uncontaminated
      fractions of the membrane. Here, we use new methods to expose the membrane to in
      situ cytochemical labeling by lectin-gold complexes. We study the topology and
      relative density of glycoconjugates both across and along the plane of the
      acrosomal membrane of boar sperm. Detachment of the plasma membrane from
      glutaraldehyde-fixed cells exposed the cytoplasmic surface of the acrosome to the
      lectin markers; freeze-fractured halves of the acrosomal membrane were marked by
      "fracture-label" (Aguas, A. P., and P. Pinto da Silva, 1983, J. Cell Biol.
      97:1356-1364). We show that the cytoplasmic surface of the intact acrosome is
      devoid of binding sites for both concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat germ agglutinin
      (WGA). By contrast, it contains a high density of neuraminidase-resistant anionic
      sites detected by cationic ferritin. On freeze-fractured sperm, the receptors for
      Con A partitioned with the exoplasmic membrane half of the acrosomal membrane.
      The Con A-binding glycoconjugates were accumulated on the equatorial segment of
      the membrane. A low density of WGA receptors, as well as of intramembrane
      particles, was found on the freeze-fracture halves of the acrosomal membrane. The
      plasma membrane displayed, in the same preparations, a high density of receptors
      for both Con A and WGA. We conclude that the acrosome is limited by a membrane
      poor in glycoconjugates, which are exclusively exposed on the exoplasmic side of
      the bilayer. Regionalization of Con A receptors on the acrosome shows that sperm
      intracellular membranes, like the sperm surface, express domain distribution of
      glycocomponents.

PMID- 3838179
TI  - Anatomy of a microcomputer.
AB  - The author discusses how to buy a microcomputer for the optometric office. What
      kinds of features should a neophyte look for in computer hardware? What kinds of
      software products are available and how should you select the right ones for your
      office?

PMID- 3838180
TI  - Computerizing management in an optometric practice.
AB  - Successful computer automated management of an optometric practice requires
      software products which are suitably engineered and designed to accomplish all
      required tasks cost and time effectively without intimidating the user. The
      design of the software's "human interface" which determines the ease of use and
      acceptance is discussed. The prioritization of management problem areas and the
      software requirements for their solution are evaluated.

PMID- 3838181
TI  - Microcomputer mediated visual developmental and perceptual therapy.
AB  - There are currently few computer programs written by optometrists for
      optometrists to be utilized as methods of treatment for those patients with
      deficits in the areas of developmental vision and perception. This paper reviews
      educational and commercially available programs that with certain modifications
      may meet the therapeutic needs of our patients.

PMID- 3838182
TI  - Computer low vision aids.
AB  - Computers are invading all facets of optometric practice including low vision
      care. This brief paper will discuss indications for prescribing computer low
      vision aids, hardware and software currently available, and provide several short
      case reports to illustrate how the visually impaired individual can utilize this
      new technology.

PMID- 3838183
TI  - Three-dimensional imaging of the wrist.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic quality of three
      dimensional images of the carpal bones that could be constructed from raw data
      obtained from a computerized tomography scan. The quality of raw data collected
      was determined by collimation, slice interval, the number of projections, and x
      ray tube operating specifications. The quality of two-dimensional images that
      were constructed from the raw data was determined by user-specified parameters
      including zoom or magnification factor, convolution kernels, and centering. The
      two-dimensional images were modified by erasure, the level of reconstruction, and
      animation, which permitted isolation of individual carpal bones, the construction
      of three-dimensional images viewing the external and internal surfaces of the
      bones, and the rotation of the images to provide multiple views. Representative
      images are presented.

PMID- 3838184
TI  - Childhood sexual abuse: guidelines for evaluation.

PMID- 3838185
TI  - A point-addressable transfer system for automated sampling, feeding, and
      expansion of hybridoma cultures.
AB  - A Dynatech Autoprep liquid sampling system has been modified to perform fully
      automated aseptic sampling, feeding, and expansion of hybridoma cultures in
      standard 96- and 24-well culture plates. The system is controlled by an Apple IIe
      computer, and uses a single teflon probe to transfer culture medium from randomly
      located wells to EIA plates and deliver fresh medium to the sampled wells. An
      'expansion mode' allows suspension of cells for transfer to another plate. The
      sampling probe may be washed with sterile medium, buffer, or water between each
      transfer. Any combination of up to 6 assay plates, sterile growth plates, and
      expansion plates may be operated on at one time, and each transaction is recorded
      on a floppy disk file. Experiments with various hybridoma cultures indicated that
      transfers were reproducible, sterility was maintained, and the washing procedure
      reduced cross-contamination of cultures with other cells or antibodies to
      negligible levels. The APPLE BASIC computer programs which perform the functions
      and record the transactions are described in the paper and the Appendix, and are
      available upon request.

PMID- 3838186
TI  - Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibody-resistant mutants of
      Newcastle disease virus.
AB  - Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies incorporated into plaque assay overlay medium
      were used to select antibody-resistant (AbR) mutants of both the Herts (using
      antifusion protein monoclonal 481) and Beaudette C (using anti-haemagglutinin
      neuraminidase protein monoclonal 445) strains of Newcastle disease virus at the
      permissive temperature of 34 degrees C. Certain of the Herts, but none of the
      Beaudette C, AbR mutants were also temperature-sensitive (ts-) and failed to form
      plaques at the non-permissive temperature of 41.5 degrees C. [35S]Methionine
      labelled proteins from chick embryo fibroblasts infected with wild-type, ts+ AbR
      and ts- AbR virus when separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis revealed a variety of changes in the isoelectric point of the
      fusion protein F (using monoclonal 481) and the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase
      protein HN (using monoclonal 445). The ts+ 'revertants' of ts- AbR mutants
      remained AbR and also showed changed isoelectric points in the F protein.

PMID- 3838187
TI  - Megestrol acetate therapy for advanced breast cancer.
AB  - One hundred twenty-four patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with
      40 mg of megestrol acetate four times daily. Complete responses (CR) or partial
      responses (PR) were seen in 29 patients (23%). CR, PR, or stable disease (S) was
      seen in 80 patients (65%). The median duration of response was 22 months for CR
      and PR and ten months for S. A significantly higher response rate (CR + PR) was
      seen in estrogen-receptor-positive (ER-positive) patients (26%) and in patients
      who had not received prior therapy (39%). A significant relationship to response
      could not be established for menopausal status, progesterone-receptor (PrR)
      status, dominant site of disease, or prior administration of chemotherapy. Median
      survival was 66+ months for responders, 35 months for patients with stable
      disease, and 9 months for nonresponders. These differences are all statistically
      significant (P less than .001). Toxicity was minimal, and side effects consisted
      primarily of weight gain, which was seen in 18 patients (14.5%). Megestrol
      acetate can provide effective palliation in patients with advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 3838188
TI  - Extended versus involved fields irradiation combined with MOPP chemotherapy in
      early clinical stages of Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - From 1976 to 1981, 335 patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease, clinical stages
      I, II, and IIIA, have been treated by MOPP (nitrogen mustard, vincristine,
      procarbazine, prednisone) chemotherapy, three to six cycles according to the
      prognostic factors, combined with radiotherapy. Irradiation was always performed
      after the first three cycles of chemotherapy, and was randomized between
      extensive radiotherapy, ie, mantle and paraaortic areas for supradiaphragmatic
      presentations, and radiotherapy restricted to the involved areas. No significant
      difference was observed between the two randomized branches for the disease-free
      survival (86% after six years in the involved field branch v 90% in the extended
      field branch), and none for the overall survival. Most of the relapses occurred
      in nonirradiated areas in the first group, and in irradiated areas in the second.
      Relapses were especially frequent in the IIE stages with pulmonary extension;
      extranodal relapses occurred with osseous and cutaneous localizations. Two cases
      of secondary leukemia were observed after three- or six-cycle MOPP plus
      radiotherapy limited to the involved areas.

PMID- 3838189
TI  - Increased morbidity in low-birth-weight survivors with severe retrolental
      fibroplasia.
AB  - Fourteen (2.2%) of 645 survivors with birth weight less than or equal to 1500 gm
      cared for in the Special Care Nursery between 1975 and 1981 were identified as
      having stage III-IV retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) in one or both eyes. These 14
      survivors and 14 controls matched for birth weight have been observed for 2 to 7
      years. There were no differences between survivors with RLF and controls in birth
      weight, gestation, multiple neonatal risk factors, or Hollingshead socioeconomic
      status. The only significant difference was in prolonged O2 requirements (greater
      than 2 weeks) (13 of 14 patients vs 7 of 14 control infants (P less than 0.025)
      and prolonged assisted ventilation requirements (21 +/- 15 for RLF vs 6 +/- 10
      days for control infants, P less than 0.05). Follow-up assessments showed that
      the RLF survivors had a significantly higher incidence of neurologic abnormality,
      lower developmental quotients, increased requirements for special education,
      increased number of hospitalizations for illness, and more maternal stress as
      observed in the mother's adapted Life Experience Survey. We conclude that low
      birth-weight infants with stage III-IV RLF are at a higher risk for
      neurodevelopmental problems and that their families are in need of comprehensive
      support services.

PMID- 3838190
TI  - On the pharmacology of L-645,151: a topically effective ocular hypotensive
      carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.
AB  - L-645,151 [(2-sulfamoyl-6-benzothiazolyl)-2,2-dimethylpropionate] is the O
      pivaloyl ester of L-643,799 (6-hydroxybenzothiazole-2-sulfonamide), topically
      administered L-645,151 being a substrate for ocular esterases with the resultant
      liberation of the active moiety, L-643,799, during penetration of the ocular
      surface. The minimum concentrations of topically administered suspensions (1 drop
      of 50 microliters into both eyes) of L-645,151, L-643,799, dichlorphenamide and
      methazolamide significantly lowering the elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) of
      the alpha-chymotrypsinized rabbit eye were 0.25, 2, 10 and 5%, respectively. IOP
      was not significantly decreased by 10% suspensions of acetazolamide or
      ethoxzolamide. The IOP lowering action of L-645,151 was local as the unilateral
      instillation of L-645,151 (0.25%) into the contralateral eye was devoid of effect
      in alpha-chymotrypsinized rabbits. L-645,151 (2%) decreased aqueous humor inflow
      in both the conscious rabbit and the anesthetized dog. Outflow facility in the
      conscious rabbit was unaltered by a 10% suspension of L-645,151. Low peak levels
      (0.52 microgram/g) of L-643,799 were present in rabbit renal cortex after the
      instillation of L-645,151 (2%) into both eyes; this treatment did not induce
      diuresis in the conscious rabbit. The corresponding maximum concentration in the
      iris + ciliary body was 4.01 micrograms/g. These preclinical studies reveal that
      L-645,151 is the most potent, topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic
      anhydrase inhibitor described to date.

PMID- 3838191
TI  - Effects of metabolic substrates and ionic environment on in-vitro activation of
      delayed implanting mouse blastocysts.
AB  - The possibility that the embryonic diapause associated with delayed implantation
      in mice is maintained by limitation of an essential amino acid, energy substrate
      or concentration of ions was examined by comparing the rates of DNA synthesis in
      delayed implanting embryos that were 'reactivated' by incubation in 'complete'
      medium or in one of several specially formulated 'deficient' media. It was found,
      in agreement with earlier observations, that an increase in the rate of DNA
      synthesis could be detected within 12 h and continued through 72 h in complete
      medium. An identical pattern was found when embryos were incubated in medium
      deficient in amino acids and vitamins. Similar patterns of activation were
      observed in the absence of all metabolizable substrates, a drastically reduced
      concentration of Na+, and even in a medium consisting only of 25 mM-bicarbonate
      buffer, NaCl and KCl. The embryos incubated in the more drastically deficient
      media appeared to be damaged after 18-24 h. Nevertheless, the observation that
      the rate of DNA synthesis did not remain depressed suggests that such
      deficiencies are not the means by which embryonic dormancy is maintained in
      utero.

PMID- 3838193
TI  - Sequence homology within the morbilliviruses.
AB  - Double-stranded cDNA synthesized from total polyadenylate-containing mRNA
      extracted from monkey kidney cells infected with canine distemper virus (CDV) was
      cloned into the PstI site of Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322. Clones containing
      CDV DNA were identified by hybridization to a CDV-specific 32P-labeled cDNA. A
      cDNA clone containing an insert 1,700 base pairs (CDV 364) has been identified as
      the reverse transcript of the mRNA coding for the nucleocapsid protein. The size
      of the mRNA species complementary to this insert is 1,850 nucleotides, as
      determined by the Northern technique. Hybridization experiments and heteroduplex
      mapping indicated homology between the central region of the CDV and measles
      virus nucleocapsid gene. The completion of the nucleotide sequence analysis of
      the measles virus gene allowed the reconstruction of the entire coding region of
      the measles virus gene and a comparison with the counterpart sequence of CDV.
      This comparison delineated three regions: (i) a region of high homology
      (nucleotides 501 to 1215), in which 77% of the nucleotides and 88% of the encoded
      amino acids are identical; (ii) a region of moderate homology at the 5' end of
      the message (nucleotides 1 to 500), in which 59% of the nucleotides and 66% of
      the encoded amino acids are identical; (iii) a region of little or no homology
      (nucleotides 1216 to 1625) near the 3' end of the message.

PMID- 3838192
TI  - Molecular cloning of the six mRNA species of infectious hematopoietic necrosis
      virus, a fish rhabdovirus, and gene order determination by R-loop mapping.
AB  - Plasmids carrying cDNA sequences to the mRNA species of infectious hematopoietic
      necrosis virus were constructed and cloned into Escherichia coli.
      Characterization of 21 cloned plasmids by hybridization to mRNA blots identified
      sets of plasmids with homology to each of the six viral mRNA species. R-loop
      mapping with these cDNA plasmids determined that the gene order on the infectious
      hematopoietic necrosis virus genome is (3')N-M1-M2-G-NV-L(5').

PMID- 3838195
TI  - Adynamic ileus following induced hypotension.

PMID- 3838194
TI  - Cloning and characterization of DNA complementary to the canine distemper virus
      mRNA encoding matrix, phosphoprotein, and nucleocapsid protein.
AB  - Double-stranded cDNA synthesized from total polyadenylate-containing mRNA,
      extracted from monkey kidney cells infected with canine distemper virus (CDV),
      has been cloned into the PstI site of Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322. Clones
      containing canine distemper virus DNA were identified by hybridization to a
      canine distemper virus-specific, 32P-labeled cDNA. Four specific clones
      containing different classes of sequences have been identified. The cloned
      plasmids contain inserts of 800 (clone 44-80), 960 (clone 74-16), 1,700 (clone
      364), and 950 (clone 40-9) base pairs. The sizes of the mRNA species
      complementary to these inserts are 1,500, 1,850, 1,850 and 2,500 nucleotides,
      respectively, as determined by the Northern technique. Three of the cloned DNA
      fragments were further identified as the reverse transcripts of the mRNA coding
      for the matrix, phosphoprotein, and nucleocapsid protein of CDV.

PMID- 3838196
TI  - A quaternary anti-cholinesterase probe for determining the integrity of the blood
      -brain barrier.
AB  - 7-(Methylethoxyphosphinyloxy)-1-methyl quinolinium iodide (MEPQ), a new
      quaternary anti-cholinesterase (anti-ChE) compound was prepared and evaluated as
      a potential probe for assessing changes in the blood-brain barrier (B-BB)
      permeability. MEPQ was found to be 170 times more potent in its cholinesterase
      inhibitory activity than phospholine iodide, a previously reported anti-ChE probe
      in B-BB research. In rats and mice with impaired B-BB induced by osmotic opening,
      MEPQ readily penetrated through the damaged site as demonstrated by considerable
      reduction of ChE activity. In controls, brain ChE activity remained unaffected.
      It is suggested that MEPQ is a useful probe for both qualitative (histological
      staining) and quantitative (brain homogenated) assessment of permeability changes
      in the B-BB.

PMID- 3838198
TI  - [Set of programs for radiotherapy planning, executed on the SM-4 computer].
AB  - The author described a SM-4 computer-assisted complex of programmes. It includes
      programmes for the calculation of the dose fields of gamma-beam therapy and
      intracavitary radiation sources, the optimization of irradiation conditions and a
      number of service programmes.

PMID- 3838197
TI  - Phospholipid composition of guinea pig lung lavage.
AB  - Phospholipids from guinea pig lung lavage were analyzed. The total lavage
      phospholipid content was 2.65 + 0.67 mg per gram of lung, which accounted for 85%
      of the total lipids in lung wash. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) accounted for over 60%
      of the total phospholipids. The other phospholipid fractions, in order of
      predominance, were phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS),
      sphingomyelin (SPH), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and
      lysophosphatidyl-choline (LPC). Disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) comprised
      80% of the total PC, and it contained mostly palmitic acid. The DSPC content of
      the lung lavage fluid per square meter of alveolar surface area was 5.76 +/- 0.42
      mg.

PMID- 3838199
TI  - Cytoprotective agents and ulcer relapse.
AB  - This study establishes that real differences between relapse rates exist, and
      confirmed previous observations by Pounder et al. that relapse rates influence
      clinical outcomes in ulcer populations. The results make it clear that the way in
      which a drug influences relapse is an important determinant of therapeutic
      efficiency, additional to the requirement for healing efficiency. Cytoprotective
      agents as a group appear to be associated with lower relapse rates than
      cimetidine. It is not known whether the differences are peculiar to cimetidine,
      specific to the blockade of H2-histamine receptors, or whether they relate to the
      process of inhibition of secretory processes generally. Clearly, further
      comparisons are needed; however, conventional clinical trials are not designed to
      provide the necessary information. For the healing of peptic ulcers, lower
      relapse rates appear to provide therapeutic advantage to members of the
      cytoprotective group when compared with agents acting via anti-secretory
      mechanisms, in addition to that associated with the local (non-systemic) mode of
      action where applicable.

PMID- 3838200
TI  - Molecular tinkerings that tailor the acetylcholine receptor.

PMID- 3838201
TI  - Location of functional regions of acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit by site
      directed mutagenesis.
AB  - The availability of cloned cDNAs encoding the four subunits of the Torpedo
      acetylcholine receptor, which can be expressed to make functional receptors in
      Xenopus oocytes, has made possible a detailed investigation of the functions of
      the different structural components of the receptor. The functional analysis of
      receptors with alpha-subunits altered at specific sites by site-directed
      mutagenesis of the cDNA has allowed the location of specific regions of the alpha
      subunit molecule involved in acetylcholine binding and forming a transmembrane
      ionic channel.

PMID- 3838202
TI  - Structural identification of beta- and gamma-human atrial natriuretic
      polypeptides.
AB  - Atrial natriuretic polypeptides (ANPs) of varying chain length have been
      identified recently in human and rat atrial tissue. Their potent natriuretic
      diuretic activities indicate their key role in the regulation of extracellular
      fluid volume and electrolyte balance. Furthermore, human and rat cDNAs encoding
      their precursor have been cloned and identified. Natriuretic-diuretic activity in
      human atrial extract comprises three distinct components (alpha, relative
      molecular mass (Mr) approximately 3,000; beta, Mr approximately 6,000; gamma, Mr
      approximately 13,000). However, only the 3,000-Mr peptide, alpha-human atrial
      polypeptide (alpha-hANP), comprising 28 amino acids, has so far been identified.
      We report here the purification and sequence analysis of two novel hANPs of
      higher Mr, beta- and gamma-hANP, both of which exhibit natriuretic and
      hypotensive activity. gamma-hANP, composed of 126 amino acids, carries the alpha
      hANP sequence at its carboxy terminus. The identification of gamma-hANP reveals
      that the peptide, being the largest form of hANP, is processed directly from a
      151-residue precursor by removal of a 26-residue signal peptide. In contrast,
      beta-hANP (56 residues) comprises an anti-parallel dimer of alpha-hANP; such a
      dimeric peptide possessing bioactivity has never been found in the tissue as an
      endogenous entity.

PMID- 3838203
TI  - Suppression of the normal mouse c-myc oncogene in human lymphoma cells.
AB  - In Burkitt's lymphoma, which carries the t(8;14) chromosome translocation, the c
      myc oncogene normally located on band q24 of human chromosome 8 (refs 1-3)
      translocates to the heavy-chain locus on chromosome 14 (refs 1, 4, 5); this
      results in transcriptional deregulation of the translocated c-myc oncogene, which
      is transcribed constitutively at elevated levels, while the normal c-myc oncogene
      on the uninvolved chromosome 8 is either silent or expressed at very low levels
      (A.ar-R. and C.M.C., unpublished results). We have now introduced the active c
      myc oncogene of proliferating mouse spleen cells into human lymphoma cells
      carrying the t(8;14) chromosome translocation by hydridization, and have examined
      the hybrids for expression of the human and murine c-myc oncogene. The results of
      this analysis, reported here, indicate that the active mouse myc gene is shut off
      at the transcriptional level in the human lymphoma cells, implying that human B
      cells at the stage of differentiation of lymphoma cells used in this study are
      nonpermissive for normal c-myc transcription.

PMID- 3838204
TI  - [Home and personal computers, an introduction].

PMID- 3838205
TI  - [Look before you leap; general problems in the switch-over from kardex to data
      base].

PMID- 3838206
TI  - Sensitivity and specificity.

PMID- 3838207
TI  - Surfactant treatment and ventilation by high frequency oscillation in premature
      newborn rabbits: effect on survival, lung aeration, and bronchiolar epithelial
      lesions.
AB  - Premature rabbit neonates delivered at gestational age 27 days were ventilated by
      high frequency oscillation for 60 min with 100% O2, using a frequency of 7-8 Hz,
      50% inspiration time and mean airway pressures of 6-8 cm H2O. Twenty-five animals
      received bovine surfactant (2 ml/kg body weight; phospholipid concentration 85
      100 mg/ml) in the tracheal cannula before onset of ventilation, and 22
      littermates served as controls. In the surfactant-treated group, average tidal
      volume was about 10 times larger than in controls, yet only 15% of the estimated
      dead space. Judged from ECG recordings, the treated animals also had a much
      higher survival rate: 96 versus 5% (p less than 0.001). Morphometrically, mean
      alveolar volume density was increased in the surfactant-treated animals in
      comparison with controls: 0.65 +/- 0.08 versus 0.37 +/- 0.08 (means +/- SD; p
      less than 0.005). Bronchiolar epithelial lesions were found in all control
      animals and were severe in almost all cases. In the surfactant-treated group,
      epithelial lesions were absent in 12, mild in 11, and fairly prominent in two
      animals. We conclude that after treatment with surfactant, the premature newborn
      rabbit can be ventilated adequately with high frequency oscillation at
      comparatively low mean airway pressures and that surfactant replacement
      effectively reduces the development of epithelial lesions in conducting airways
      during high frequency oscillation.

PMID- 3838209
TI  - Advantages of the nomogram.

PMID- 3838208
TI  - Tin protoporphyrin inhibits carbon monoxide production in adult mice.
AB  - We studied the effect of tin protoporphyrin, a potent inhibitor of heme oxygenase
      (EC 1.14.99.3), on carbon monoxide (CO) production in mature mice. Measurements
      of CO production provide a sensitive, noninvasive means of quantitating heme
      catabolism. CO accumulation in the gas space of closed chambers was decreased by
      about 25% for mice treated with two 50 nmol/g doses of tin protoporphyrin as
      compared to saline-treated controls. Calculated rates of CO production were 0.28
      +/- 0.07 and 0.40 +/- 0.05 nmol X g-1 X h-1 for mice injected with tin
      protoporphyrin and saline, respectively (p less than 0.01). When hemin (125
      nmol/g) was administered to simulate hemolysis, CO production increased markedly
      in both saline- and tin protoporphyrin-treated mice. However, the rate of CO
      production in tin protoporphyrin-treated mice was only 44% that of saline-treated
      animals (p less than 0.0001). These studies demonstrate that tin protoporphyrin
      inhibits heme catabolism in both the basal- and heme-loaded states and confirm
      that this inhibition is at the heme oxygenase step in the heme to bilirubin
      pathway.

PMID- 3838210
TI  - [Intrathecal morphine as a postsurgical analgesic. 4 cases].

PMID- 3838211
TI  - The calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of cardiac myosin.
AB  - Cardiac myosin light chains are phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro. The enzyme
      myosin light-chain kinase, has been purified and found to be very specific for
      cardiac myosin light chains. Experiments with skinned cardiac fibers suggest that
      phosphorylation of myosin light chain-2-decreases ATP consumption, presumably by
      lowering the cross-bridge cycle. These results are discussed in this chapter.

PMID- 3838212
TI  - [Routine determination of 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D, clinically the most important
      metabolite of vitamin D, in human plasma].

PMID- 3838213
TI  - The functional replacement of the ear.

PMID- 3838214
TI  - Information as a "cure" for cancer.

PMID- 3838215
TI  - [Theoretical substantiation of the selection of hearing aids].

PMID- 3838216
TI  - A comparison of the effects of propylthiouracil and methimazol on circulating
      thyroid hormones and various measures of peripheral thyroid hormone effects in
      thyrotoxic patients.
AB  - Two groups of patients with newly diagnosed thyrotoxicosis were treated with
      propylthiouracil (PTU) 400 mg every 6 h for 4 days followed by methimazol (MMI)
      40 mg every 6 h for 4 days or by MMI for 4 days followed by PTU for 4 days. The
      shift from MMI to PTU induced a considerable decrease in serum T3 while shift
      from PTU to MMI led to an increase in serum T3. Serum T4 decreased gradually
      during the whole treatment period. The opposite variations in serum T3 were
      accompanied by similar opposite variations in basal metabolic rate (BMR) (P less
      than 0.001). Hence the rapid variations in serum T3 which can be induced by PTU
      in thyrotoxic patients, are followed by rapid alterations in the thyrotoxic state
      as evaluated by BMR.

PMID- 3838217
TI  - Dietary manipulation of postprandial colonic lactose fermentation: I. Effect of
      solid foods in a meal.
AB  - The effect of adding solid foods--cornflakes, banana and hard-boiled egg--to a
      meal with 360 ml of intact milk containing 18 g of lactose was investigated in 13
      lactose-malabsorbers and 10 lactose-absorbers chosen from 36 Guatemalan adults
      screened for their capacity to digest and absorb completely the lactose in this
      volume of milk. A six-hour hydrogen breath test was used as the index of
      carbohydrate absorption. Minimal breath H2 was excreted by lactose-absorbers with
      either the intact milk alone, the intact milk with solid foods, or lactose
      prehydrolyzed milk with solids. In lactose-malabsorbers, however, the 6-h
      excretion of H2 with intact milk plus solid food was intermediary between milk
      alone and prehydrolyzed milk with solids. A relative net reduction of 47% in
      lactose malabsorption was produced by adding food, and the peak-rise in breath H2
      was delayed by 2 hours. A physiological consequence of taking solid foods along
      with milk is a slower rate of colonic fermentation, and this may be the basis for
      reducing gastro-intestinal symptoms in lactose-intolerant malabsorbers.

PMID- 3838219
TI  - An automated visual acuity testing computer program using the Apple II system.
AB  - We developed an automated visual acuity testing program that uses an E optotype
      with surrounding confusion bars. The computer software program runs on Apple II
      equipment and a black-and-white monitor with a five-inch screen. The program is
      available in response box and joystick versions. The test is suitable for
      children older than 31/2 to 4 years of age and for adults. A t-test on the same
      floppy disk as the visual acuity programs is used to test the probability that
      the differences in test results are greater than chance. Visual acuities of 20
      normal subjects were reduced by means of plus lenses. Test-retest acuity
      correlation coefficients were similar for letter charts and computer-generated E
      optotypes, suggesting approximately equal reliability under the test conditions
      employed. Visual acuities of 12 amblyopic eyes were obtained by a Ferris-type
      letter chart and computer-generated E optotypes. The correlation coefficient was
      +0.93, suggesting similar test results by these two methods.

PMID- 3838218
TI  - The effect of milk supplements on calcium metabolism, bone metabolism and calcium
      balance.
AB  - Twenty-two healthy postmenopausal women were divided into two groups, one group
      of 13 received milk supplementation of 24 oz per day and the other group of 9
      controls received no intervention during two years of observation. Extensive
      inpatient metabolic balance and radiocalcium kinetic studies were performed at
      the beginning and at the end of one year of observation. In the milk supplement
      group, fractional calcium absorption (x +/- SD) decreased from .243 +/- .058 to
      .176 +/- .058, absorbed calcium increased from .159 +/- .052 gm/d to .248 +/-
      .063 gm/d, urine calcium increased from .117 +/- .034 gm/d to .146 +/- .027 gm/d,
      bone accretion decreased from .385 +/- .079 gm/d to .326 +/- .063 gm/d, bone
      resorption decreased from .446 +/- .098 gm/d to .342 +/- .106 gm/d and endogenous
      fecal calcium increased from .105 +/- .023 gm/d to .120 +/- .021 gm/d. All these
      changes were significant within the group and the mean changes were significantly
      different from the mean changes observed in the control group. Calcium balance in
      the milk supplemented group improved from -.061 +/- .056 gm/d to -.017 gm/d +/-
      .073 gm/d. Predicted changes in calcium and bone metabolism held true except that
      the suppression of bone remodeling was less than previously found using calcium
      carbonate supplements. We conclude that milk and milk products can be recommended
      as sources of calcium, that data on the effects of increasing calcium intake from
      other sources can be applied to milk and that milk may offer an advantage because
      it does not suppress bone remodeling as severely as calcium carbonate.

PMID- 3838221
TI  - 1,25(OH)2D3 binding along the rat nephron: autoradiographic study in isolated
      tubular segments.
AB  - 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] binding sites were studied along the
      nephron of rats. The animals were pretreated with the diphosphonate EHDP at doses
      that inhibit the endogenous production of 1,25(OH)2D3. A dry film
      autoradiographic technique was applied to tubular segments isolated by
      microdissection from kidneys incubated in vitro with various concentrations (0.2
      12 nM) of [3H]1,25(OH)2D3 in the presence or absence of an excess unlabeled
      hormone (X200) in order to determine specific binding. Total, nonspecific, and
      specific labeling were quantified by silver grain counting over cytoplasmic and
      nuclear areas. Specific nuclear labeling appeared in the cortical ascending limb
      and papillary collecting tubule at 1 nM. In the distal tubule and, to a lesser
      extent, in the cortical collecting tubule a specific nuclear labeling was also
      present, but only at higher concentrations. No specific nuclear labeling was
      detected in the proximal tubule. All along the nephron, a significant and
      nonspecific labeling was observed in the cytoplasm, either alone or superimposed
      over the specific nuclear labeling. In conclusion 1,25(OH)2D3 specific binding
      sites appear to be localized mainly in the cortical ascending limb of the loop of
      Henle, in the distal and cortical collecting duct, and in the papillary
      collecting duct.

PMID- 3838220
TI  - Lectin binding in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Evidence for N
      acetylglucosamine in dense intramembranous deposits.
AB  - Type II membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN-II) is characterized by
      electron-dense intramembranous deposits (DIMD) in the basal laminae of the
      kidney. These deposits selectively bind the lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) or
      its succinylated derivative. In renal tissue samples from normal controls, Type I
      membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and several other renal diseases, only
      a normal pattern of WGA binding was observed and no membrane-oriented deposits
      reacted with WGA. Additional attempts to stain the DIMD with any of eight other
      lectins or eight antisera to renal antigens were uniformly unsuccessful. Discrete
      WGA reactivity indicates that the deposits contain appreciable quantities of
      internally linked N-acetylglucosamine and may also provide a valuable adjunct in
      making the histologic diagnosis of MPGN-II.

PMID- 3838222
TI  - Relationship between neuroleptic malignant syndrome and malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 3838223
TI  - Studies on the mode of action of oxamniquine and related schistosomicidal drugs.
AB  - Adult Schistosoma mansoni were incubated for 1 hour in vitro with various drugs
      and then returned into the mesenteric veins of permissive animal hosts. Survival
      of schistosomes was assessed 3-4 weeks later by portal perfusion. Under these
      conditions, oxamniquine and hycanthone proved effective in killing S. mansoni,
      whereas UK-3883, lucanthone and lucanthone-4-desmethyl had no lethal activity.
      The same drugs which were schistosomicidal in vitro also persistently inhibited
      DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in S. mansoni, whereas they were only transiently
      inhibitory against Schistosoma japonicum, against hycanthone-resistant S. mansoni
      and against immature worms. When drugs were administered in vivo to infected mice
      and the synthesis of macromolecules was assayed in vitro on worms obtained 1 or 3
      days after treatment, not only oxamniquine and hycanthone, but also UK-3883 and
      lucanthone, proved effective in inhibiting the synthesis of macromolecules in
      sensitive--but not in resistant--S. mansoni. It is suggested that oxamniquine,
      like hycanthone, may exert its schistosomicidal activity by inhibiting nucleic
      acid synthesis in the parasite.

PMID- 3838224
TI  - Use of atracurium in a patient susceptible to malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 3838225
TI  - Cochlear implant for tinnitus. Case reports.
AB  - Various forms of electrical stimulation are effective in reducing tinnitus in
      some patients. Our experience with cochlear implant patients who have preimplant
      tinnitus demonstrated that about half experienced relief after the implant. We
      present five patients who underwent cochlear implant exclusively for tinnitus
      relief. Results are mixed with only one definite success. Electrical stimulation
      and our current research efforts are discussed.

PMID- 3838226
TI  - Banded intracochlear electrode array: evaluation of insertion trauma in human
      temporal bones.
AB  - A banded free-fit scala tympani array was inserted into the basal turn of nine
      human cochleas to evaluate the trauma produced by the procedure. These nine
      cochleas, together with five nonimplanted controls, were serially sectioned and
      examined microscopically for damage to the membranous labyrinth, in particular
      the spiral ligament, the basilar and Reissner's membranes, the stria vascularis,
      and the osseous spiral lamina. The severity and location of any trauma along the
      cochlear spiral were recorded. The results indicate that the insertion of the
      banded scala tympani array resulted in minimal mechanical damage, occurring
      primarily to a localized region of the spiral ligament. This would not result in
      significant neural degeneration, and therefore would not compromise the efficacy
      of the multichannel cochlear prosthesis.

PMID- 3838227
TI  - Reimplantation of a molded scala tympani electrode: impact on psychophysical and
      speech discrimination abilities.
AB  - Revision surgery was successfully performed on two Vienna cochlear implant
      patients. Twenty months and 40 months, respectively, after initial insertion into
      the cochleas of two bilaterally deaf patients, electrodes were removed from the
      scala tympanis and replaced by electrodes of the same design. Psychophysical and
      speech data gathered before and after the revision surgery were compared. These
      were thresholds, loudness scalings, amplitude difference limens, pitch scalings,
      frequency difference limens, and speech tests in the "stimulation only" modality.
      No negative changes were found. The data available demonstrate a continuous
      improvement in performance over many months of practice with the sound processor.
      This development was not impeded by the revision surgery. Thus, it was
      demonstrated that the removal and replacement of a molded scala tympani electrode
      is feasible.

PMID- 3838228
TI  - Humoral hypercalcemia in Hodgkin's disease. Association with elevated 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol levels and subperiosteal bone resorption.
AB  - A 58-year-old man was initially seen with fatigue and weight loss. Laboratory
      examination detected hypercalcemia, elevated 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
      levels, low parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations, and subperiosteal bone
      resorption. The patient underwent subtotal parathyroidectomy for presumed
      hyperparathyroidism, but serum calcium and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol levels
      remained elevated following surgery. Search for another cause of the
      hypercalcemia disclosed enlarged para-aortic lymph nodes, biopsy specimens of
      which demonstrated Hodgkin's disease. After treatment of the patient with two
      cycles of chemotherapy with mechlorethamine hydrochloride, vincristine sulfate,
      procarbazine hydrochloride, and prednisone, serum calcium, 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol, and PTH levels normalized. We speculate that the
      humoral hypercalcemia in this patient resulted from tumor production of 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol.

PMID- 3838229
TI  - Staging for cancer. New developments and importance to pathology.
AB  - Important to both the physician and patient, cancer staging is an agreed upon
      classification for defining the extent of a malignant tumor. The present staging
      system is based principally on the anatomic spread of the primary tumor beyond
      three landmarks. The first landmark is the site of the primary tumor, usually
      referred to as topography, the second landmark is the regional lymph nodes or
      adjacent anatomic structures, and the third landmark refers to distant
      metastases. These three landmarks define the topographic, lymph node, and
      metastatic system of staging that has been promulgated by the International Union
      Against Cancer and the American Joint Committee on Cancer in the United States.
      Staging systems have been developed for all anatomic sites including pediatric
      tumors. In many cases, the key physician, in providing the necessary information
      for accurate staging, is the pathologist.

PMID- 3838230
TI  - Surgical pathology accessioning and management on a multiuser hard disk
      microcomputer system.
AB  - We have developed an inexpensive, microcomputer-based, multiuser hard disk system
      for surgical pathology that uses a commercially available word processor and data
      base manager, linked together by several BASIC programs written by us. System
      functions include keyboard input of patient demographic data and specimen
      information, word processing with the generation of preliminary and final
      surgical reports, on-line access to the surgical pathology data base, generation
      of daily secretarial and histology log sheets, and computer-assisted SNOMED
      coding. Successful implementation of this system has produced greater efficiency
      and productivity in the surgical pathology department at a reasonable cost.

PMID- 3838231
TI  - The relationship of histologic and clinical factors in laryngeal papillomatosis.
AB  - Laryngeal papillomatosis is a disease that can lead to many surgical procedures,
      especially in children, and is potentially lethal. In this study, we reviewed 83
      cases that yielded 902 separate laryngoscopy specimens to determine if any
      clinical or histologic findings were prognostic. "Juvenile" (n = 73) and "adult"
      (n = 10) cases were classified according to the number of separate lesions and
      the number of recurrences, but not necessarily according to age. Four prognostic
      indicators were constructed for the juvenile group and were analyzed by linear
      regression. Three new microscopic classifications were used: papillary,
      acanthomatous, and angiokeratotic. In juvenile cases, the last two categories
      appeared to be somewhat prognostic, along with several other factors. Some
      histopathologic findings contradicted classic descriptions. Differences in
      clinical manifestation and similarities in histopathology may suggest
      differential responses to the same causal agent.

PMID- 3838232
TI  - Pulmonary artery sarcomas. A review and report of a case.
AB  - We examined a case of primary pulmonary artery sarcoma and reviewed 45 cases that
      we found previously reported in the English literature, with particular attention
      given to the pathologic features. These sarcomas involve the pulmonary arterial
      trunk, left and right main pulmonary arteries, pulmonary valve, and right
      ventricular outflow tract. They have prominent intravascular growth along the
      arterial intima. Lung involvement commonly occurs by direct extension through the
      pulmonary vasculature or by distant metastases. These sarcomas contain a variety
      of heterologous components and areas of bone, cartilage, and fibrous tissue may
      be remarkably well-differentiated. Management of these sarcomas will be aided by
      an understanding of their biologic behavior and pathologic features.

PMID- 3838233
TI  - Epithelioid hemangioma of the penis. A rare and distinctive vascular lesion.
AB  - Two patients, aged 36 and 47 years, respectively, had indurated subcutaneous
      penile nodules that were treated by local excision. Histologically, the lesions
      were characterized by cords and nests of plump epithelioid cells separated by a
      loose stroma containing numerous lymphocytes and eosinophils. Light microscopy
      identified definite vasoformative areas and solid regions with cytoplasmic
      vacuolization and nuclear atypia. Ultrastructural studies and immunohistochemical
      analysis for factor VIII-related antigen and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I
      demonstrated that the lesions were of endothelial origin. After excision of the
      nodules, the two patients are free of disease 5 1/2 and 6 1/2 years later,
      respectively. To our knowledge, a review of the literature produced only one
      similar case. These unusual vascular lesions, of undetermined cause, are
      proliferations of endothelial cells exhibiting an epithelioid structure that
      should be considered benign and treated locally.

PMID- 3838234
TI  - Mucin histochemistry of cystitis glandularis and primary adenocarcinoma of the
      urinary bladder.
AB  - We describe the histochemical properties of mucin in three cases of cystitis
      glandularis affecting the urinary bladder. Of particular importance is the
      positive staining reaction that was obtained with the periodate
      borohydride/potassium hydroxide/PAS (PB/KOH/PAS) technique, indicating the
      presence of O-acetylated sialic acids. This reaction has been regarded as unique
      to the epithelial mucins in the normal terminal ileum and large intestine.
      Therefore, cystitis glandularis represents a true mucous metaplasia of large
      intestinal type. A case of primary adenovillous carcinoma of the bladder
      associated with cystitis glandularis also produced O-acetylated sialomucin,
      whereas a primary adenocarcinoma of urachal origin did not. The demonstration of
      O-acetylated sialic acid producing glandular epithelium in the bladder cannot be
      assumed to represent a metastasis from a colorectal cancer. The PB/KOH/PAS
      staining technique may provide a means of distinguishing between primary
      adenovillous and primary urachal carcinoma of the bladder.

PMID- 3838235
TI  - Giant intracranial Masson's hemangioma v chronic subdural hematoma.

PMID- 3838236
TI  - Severe alterations of red blood cells from the vessels of colorectal tumors.
AB  - The RBCs from vessels supplying the tumors of 14 patients with colorectal
      carcinoma were examined with the scanning electron microscope. In all of them a
      great variety of alterations in the shape and the cell membrane were found.
      Erythrocytes from the vessels of healthy colonic tissue of the patients were
      found to have a normal appearance. Since fibrin thrombi were present in a few
      vessels of only six patients, the possibility that the alterations were due to
      mechanical trauma was not likely. This observation may serve as an additional
      explanation for the anemia observed in patients with colorectal carcinoma.

PMID- 3838237
TI  - Hepatic lipogranulomatosis simulating veno-occlusive disease of the liver.
AB  - Two cases of unsuspected veno-occlusive disease of the liver were discovered at
      autopsy. Nearly all central veins and sublobular venules were occluded by
      lipogranulomas consisting of lipid-laden macrophages, epithelioid histiocytes,
      giant cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and deposits of collagen. The process
      extended into the sublobular hepatic venules. Large hepatic veins were
      uninvolved. Known causes of veno-occlusive disease were ruled out, and the cause
      of the present cases is unknown.

PMID- 3838238
TI  - Xanthogranulomatous endometritis associated with endometrial carcinoma.
AB  - We studied a case of xanthogranulomatous (XG) endometritis associated with
      endometrial adenocarcinoma. Isolated XG endometritis is a rare entity that may
      mimic carcinoma as a consequence of the replacement of the endometrium and the
      invasion of the myometrium by friable yellowish tissue composed of foamy
      histiocytes. To our knowledge, it has not previously been described as coexisting
      with a carcinoma. The XG reaction is characterized by pigment-laden foamy cells.
      Electron microscopy demonstrated that the foamy cells belong to the
      macrophage/histiocyte series and are not endometrial stromal cells. Histochemical
      studies revealed the pigment to be composed of hemosiderin and lipofuscin. The
      absence of calcispherites or a uniform immunoperoxidase staining reaction for
      alpha 1-antitrypsin excluded the diagnosis of malacoplakia. We have postulated
      that XG endometritis has a similar etiopathogenesis to XG pyelonephritis and XG
      cholecystitis. It is a rare morphologic expression of the clinical syndrome of
      benign senile pyometrium.

PMID- 3838239
TI  - Systemic mastocytosis with portal hypertension. Autopsy findings and
      ultrastructural study of the liver.
AB  - Systemic mastocytosis is a rare cause of portal hypertension with only two
      previously reported cases to our knowledge. A 51-year-old man who was seen with
      intractable diarrhea and abdominal distention was found to have this combination
      at autopsy. At autopsy the liver showed bridging portal fibrosis. Subendothelial
      collagen deposition was demonstrated ultrastructurally. We present the possible
      mechanisms of portal hypertension in systemic mastocytosis.

PMID- 3838240
TI  - Papillomatosis of the gallbladder associated with metachromatic leukodystrophy.
AB  - A 9-year-old boy with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) was found to have
      diffuse papillomatosis of the gallbladder that was virtually obliterating the
      lumen of the gallbladder. To our knowledge, two other examples of this lesion
      have been reported previously in MLD.

PMID- 3838241
TI  - Vascular involvement in type 3 neuronopathic Gaucher's disease.
AB  - A 6 3/4-year-old boy with neuronopathic Gaucher's disease died unexpectedly.
      Autopsy demonstrated unusual vascular findings with the presence of Gaucher's
      cells and intimal-medial fibrosis in the ascending aorta and widespread acute
      hemorrhagic necrosis of the left ventricular myocardium. The combination of
      eccentric, intimal fibrosis of coronary arteries, left ventricular hypertrophy,
      pulmonary involvement, and anemia probably accounted for this child's death.

PMID- 3838242
TI  - Use of microcomputer for anatomic pathology data.

PMID- 3838243
TI  - Meningioma of the scalp. Light and electron microscopic observations.
AB  - Meningiomas occurring in the skin are rare and may be difficult to recognize on
      frozen section. We found intraoperative cytologic smears helpful in identifying
      the characteristically bland nuclei, cellular whorls, and psammoma bodies that
      are typical of the light microscopy of meningiomas in the CNS. This case (a scalp
      lesion) was also examined ultrastructurally. Cutaneous meningiomas are
      histologically and ultrastructurally identical to their meningeal counterparts
      and must be approached with caution surgically.

PMID- 3838244
TI  - Carcinoid tumor arising in a cystic duplication of the small bowel.
AB  - We describe a unique case of carcinoid tumor arising in a cystic duplication of
      the ileum, and review the literature of malignancy associated with small-bowel
      duplication.

PMID- 3838245
TI  - Solitary intestinal fibromatosis in the newborn. Rare cause of neonatal
      intestinal obstruction.
AB  - We describe a case of solitary fibromatosis of the ileum in an infant. Intestinal
      fibromatosis is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in the newborn. The
      disease is poorly characterized and has been rarely reported under this name. The
      differential diagnosis is discussed with particular attention to inflammatory
      fibroid polyps, neurofibromatosis, and sarcoma. Reasons of a theoretical and
      practical nature are outlined that recommend the term "solitary intestinal
      fibromatosis" as the most appropriate name for this disease.

PMID- 3838246
TI  - Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in neuritic plaques of Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Alzheimer's disease, a form of senile dementia, is characterized by the presence
      of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles throughout the cortex and
      hippocampus. This study demonstrates the presence of neuropeptide Y-like
      immunoreactivity within 10-20% of neuritic plaques. Neuropeptide Y is a 36 amino
      acid peptide which is distributed unevenly throughout the brain and has an
      interneuronal location.

PMID- 3838247
TI  - Progastrin-like immunoreactivity in porcine antrum: identification and
      characterization with region-specific antisera.
AB  - In an effort to identify and characterize precursors of gastrin in tissues, we
      generated region-specific antisera against a synthetic progastrin peptide, Try
      Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-Gly-Arg-Arg (GL9), as deduced from the nucleotide sequence of
      gastrin mRNA. This antisera did not cross-react with gastrin or progastrin
      peptides with shorter carboxyl-terminal extensions. Progastrin-like
      immunoreactivity (PGLI) was measured in porcine antrum at a concentration of 6.8
      +/- 1.2 pmol/g wet weight (mean +/- SE, n = 5), or roughly 0.2% of that of
      gastrin. On Sephadex G50 chromatography, a major peak of PGLI was eluted as a
      slightly larger molecule than gastrin heptadecapeptide (G17) but possessed the
      same N-terminal immunoreactivity. These findings suggest that G17 may be formed
      by processing of a carboxyl-terminally extended precursor as an alternative to
      cleavage of big gastrin (G34).

PMID- 3838248
TI  - Enhancement of divalent anion transport across the human red blood cell membrane
      by the water-soluble dansyl chloride derivative 2-(N-piperidine)ethylamine-1
      naphthyl-5-sulfonylchloride (PENS-Cl).
AB  - Sulfate transport across the red cell membrane is enhanced by the newly
      synthesised, water-soluble and nonpenetrating dansyl chloride derivative 2-(N
      piperidine)ethylamine-1-naphthyl-5-sulfonylchloride (PENS-Cl). The transport is
      only enhanced if the potentiating agent 2-(4-aminophenyl-3-sulfonic acid)-6
      methylbenzothiazol-7-sulfonic acid (APMB) is present during incubation with PENS
      Cl. The enhanced flux is reduced by the anion-transport inhibitor 4,4'
      diisothiocyanatodihydrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (H2DIDS) to about the same low
      level as in untreated controls. In contrast to dansyl chloride, PENS-Cl does not
      increase cation leakage from the red cells. The effects of PENS-Cl on sulfate
      transport resemble those produced by dansyl chloride. However, it can be shown
      that PENS-Cl only reacts with one subset of sites that are modified by dansyl
      chloride and involved in bringing about the enhancement of sulfate transport.
      This subset does not include the sites accessible to dansyl chloride in the
      absence of APMB. It comprises only a fraction of the sites exposed to dansyl
      chloride in the presence of APMB. Very little labelling of proteins of the red
      cell membrane can be seen after exposure of ghosts to the PENS-Cl, while dansyl
      chloride labels all major proteins.

PMID- 3838249
TI  - Reactivity with lectins of the saccharide components of rhodopsin in
      reconstituted membranes. Orientation of the carbohydrates.
AB  - Rhodopsin-containing liposomes may provide a model for investigating the
      interaction of intrinsic membrane glycoproteins in biological systems. As part of
      the characterization of this preparation, the surface orientation of the
      carbohydrates of rhodopsin, assembled from purified bovine rhodopsin and egg
      phosphatidylcholine was examined, and is the topic of this report. The major tool
      used in these studies was the interaction with the carbohydrate-specific
      reagents, plant lectins. Two techniques were used: lectin-mediated aggregation of
      the liposomes, as measured by light scattering; the binding of 125I-labeled
      succinylated concanavalin A, and Scatchard analysis as a measure of affinity. The
      preparation most extensively examined had a mole ratio of rhodopsin:phospholipid
      of 1:100. Among a variety of lectins which were examined, only concanavalin A,
      succinylated concanavalin A, and wheat germ agglutinin were able to mediate the
      aggregation of rhodopsin-containing liposomes, as expected. The aggregation with
      concanavalin A was prevented by the presence of sugars having the alpha-D
      glucopyranosyl configuration, and that brought about with wheat germ agglutinin,
      by N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). In addition, the aggregation with concanavalin A
      was reversed with methyl alpha-D-mannoside, and with wheat germ agglutinin, by
      GlcNAc, suggesting that membrane fusion did not take place. On a molar basis,
      wheat germ agglutinin brought about a greatly reduced extent of aggregation as
      compared to concanavalin A, suggesting the relative inaccessibility of GlcNAc
      residues in the liposomes as compared to mannose. The initial rate of the
      aggregation, however, were similar with either lectin. The first-order rate
      constants were unaffected by wide variation in the concentrations of concanavalin
      A and wheat germ agglutinin, and by variation in the mole ratios of rhodopsin in
      the liposomes from 0.2 to 19 moles per 100 moles of egg lecithin. Rhodopsin
      liposomes were also prepared from a total lipid extract of rod outer segments
      instead of egg lecithin. Similar kinetic properties were exhibited by this
      preparation as were obtained with the liposome prepared with the purified
      phospholipid. Scatchard analysis of the binding of 125I-labeled succinylated
      concanavalin A by rhodopsin liposomes indicated the presence of a single class of
      binding site as the preferred fit, with an apparent Kd of 2.8 X 10(-7) M. The
      binding was destroyed or extensively interfered with by trypsinization and by
      periodate treatment.

PMID- 3838250
TI  - The influence of lipid composition and lectin-glycophorin interaction on the
      rotational diffusion of glycophorin in vesicles, as measured by time-resolved
      phosphorescence depolarization.
AB  - The rotational mobility of glycophorin in various lipid vesicles was studied,
      using time-resolved measurements of the depolarization of laser flash excited
      phosphorescence of glycophorin labelled with the triplet probe erythrosin. With
      the exception of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine at the phase transition no
      phosphorescence depolarization decays were observed in the 1-300 microseconds
      time interval following the laser flash. Instead, a constant anisotropy level was
      observed, with two distinct values depending on the experimental system. In
      liquid-crystalline bilayers of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, bovine brain
      phosphatidylserine and dimyristolyphosphatidylcholine, the anisotropy was 0.01.
      This was increased to 0.03 upon addition of wheat germ agglutinin which
      aggregates glycophorin. In the case of gel state dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
      and liquid-crystalline dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine the anisotropy also
      amounted to 0.03. Experiments with glycerol to vary the viscosity of the medium,
      and theoretical considerations, exclude the possibility that these different
      anisotropy levels are related to differences in motional properties of the entire
      protein/lipid vesicles. These results strongly suggest that the anisotropy level
      of 0.03 corresponds to slowly rotating glycophorin (rotational relaxation time
      greater than 0.3 ms) while the anisotropy level of 0.01 corresponds to fast
      rotating glycophorin (rotational correlation time less than 1 microseconds). The
      difference in glycophorin mobility is discussed in terms of aggregation state of
      the protein, lipid composition of the vesicle bilayer and membrane viscosity. The
      observed differences in rotational mobility of glycophorin in
      glycophorin/dioleoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, glycophorin/bovine heart
      phosphatidylserine vesicles as compared to
      glycophorin/dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine vesicles are not in quantitative
      agreement with the relative size of the intramembrane particles in these systems
      as revealed by freeze-fracture electron microscopy.

PMID- 3838251
TI  - Micromolar concentrations of Al3+ induce phase separation, aggregation and dye
      release in phosphatidylserine-containing lipid vesicles.
AB  - The interaction of Al3+, Cd2+ and Mn2+ with phosphatidylserine-containing lipid
      vesicles was studied. Phase separation of vesicles was investigated by monitoring
      fluorescence quenching of the phospholipid analogue 1-palmitoyl-2-(6-[N-(7
      nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)] aminocaproyl)phosphatidylcholine (C6-NBD-PC).
      Aggregation was determined by turbidimetry and leakage of vesicles content during
      fusion was monitored by the fluorescence of released 6-carboxyfluorescein. Al3+
      demonstrated quenching at less than 30 mumol/l with a maximum effect at 100
      mumol/l. Al3+-induced aggregation and dye release from the lipid vesicles were
      observed in the same concentration range. The effect of Cd2+ and Mn2+ on
      quenching was much less pronounced and could only be demonstrated in the 0.1-1
      mmol/l range. Increasing amounts of phosphatidylcholine or
      phosphatidylethanolamine in the vesicles decreased both Al3+-induced quenching
      and aggregation, whereas cholesterol only slightly increased aggregation without
      affecting quenching.

PMID- 3838252
TI  - Ca2+-induced phase separation in black lipid membranes and its effect on the
      transport of a hydrophobic ion.
AB  - Voltage jump-current relaxation studies have been performed with dipicrylamine
      doped black membranes of binary lipid mixtures. As in the case of the carrier
      mediated ion transport (Schmidt, G., Eibl, H. and Knoll, W. (1982) J. Membrane
      Biol. 70, 147-155) no evidence was found that the neutral lipid
      phosphatidylcholine (DPMPC) and the charged phosphatidic acid (DPMPA) are
      heterogeneously distributed in the membrane over the whole range of composition.
      However, besides a continuous dilution of the surface charges of DPMPA by the
      addition of DPMPC molecules, different structural properties of mixed membranes
      influence the kinetics of the dipicrylamine transport. The addition of Ca2+ to
      the electrolyte induces a lipid phase separation within the membrane into two
      fluid phases of distinctly different characteristics of the translocation of
      hydrophobic ions. Thus, it is possible to determine a preliminary composition
      phase diagram for the DPMPA/DPMPC mixtures as a function of the Ca2+
      concentration.

PMID- 3838253
TI  - Effect of DNA intercalators on poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity.
AB  - Proflavine, ethacridine (2-ethoxy-6,9-acridine diamine), ellipticine, daunomycin
      and Tilorone R10,556 DA (2,7-bis(piperidinobutyryl)-9H-fluoren-9-one) inhibit
      poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity. The Ki values for proflavine and
      Tilorone R10,556 DA are 36 microM and 7.3 microM, respectively. The inhibition by
      intercalators is relieved by DNA but not by DNA-histone complexes. On the
      contrary, DNA-histone complexes increase the inhibition of some intercalators.
      Ethidium bromide is not inhibitory by itself. However, in the presence of DNA
      histone complexes it strongly inhibits the enzyme activity. m-AMSA (4'-(9
      acridinylamino)methanesulphon-m-anisidide) and chloroquine have no effect on the
      enzyme activity, even in the presence of DNA-histone complexes.

PMID- 3838254
TI  - Metabolism of 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-7 beta-methyl-5 beta-cholanoic acid and
      3 alpha, 7 beta-dihydroxy-7 alpha-methyl-5 beta-cholanoic acid in hamsters.
AB  - The metabolic fate of the bile acid analogs, 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-7 beta
      methyl-5 beta-cholanoic acid and 3 alpha, 7 beta-dihydroxy-7 alpha-methyl-5 beta
      cholanoic acid, was investigated and compared with that of chenodeoxycholic acid
      in hamsters. Both bile acid analogs were absorbed rapidly from the intestine and
      excreted into bile at rates similar to that of chenodeoxycholic acid. In the
      strain of hamster studied, the biliary bile acids were conjugated with both
      glycine and taurine. After continuous intravenous infusion, chenodeoxycholic acid
      and the analogs became the major bile acid constituents in bile. After oral
      administration of a single dose of these compounds, fecal analysis revealed the
      existence of unchanged material (25-35%) as well as considerable amounts of
      metabolites (65-75%). The major metabolites excreted into feces were more polar
      than the starting material and were tentatively identified as trihydroxy-7-methyl
      compounds by radioactive thin-layer chromatography. However, monohydroxy
      compounds were also found in the fecal extracts. These results show that
      chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid with a methyl group at the 7
      position are more resistant to bacterial 7-dehydroxylation than the normally
      occurring bile acids and that a certain proportion of these analogs is
      hydroxylated to give the corresponding trihydroxy compound(s). In a control
      experiment, about 5% of administered chenodeoxycholic acid was metabolized to a
      trihydroxy bile acid, but most of the compound (95%) was transformed into
      lithocholic acid.

PMID- 3838255
TI  - Inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis by hydrogen peroxide in cultured bovine
      articular cartilage.
AB  - Oxygen-derived reactive species, generated enzymatically by the action of
      xanthine oxidase upon hypoxanthine, significantly inhibit proteoglycan synthesis
      by cultured bovine articular cartilage (Bates, E.J., Lowther, D.A. and Handley,
      C.J. (1984) Ann. Rheum. Dis. 43, 462-469). Here we extend these investigations
      and show, through the use of catalase and the specific iron chelator
      diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, that the active species involved is H2O2 and
      not the hydroxyl radical. Incubations of cartilage with H2O2 at concentrations of
      1 X 10(-4) M and above are also inhibitory to proteoglycan synthesis. Subsequent
      recovery of the tissue is dependent upon the initial dose of xanthine oxidase or
      H2O2. Xanthine oxidase at 84 mU per incubation results in a prolonged inhibition
      of proteoglycan synthesis which is still apparent after 14 days in culture. Lower
      concentrations of xanthine oxidase (21-66 mU) are inhibitory to proteoglycan
      synthesis, but the tissue is able to synthesise proteoglycans at near normal
      rates after 3 days in culture. The inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis by 1 X
      10(-4) M H2O2 is completely reversed after 5 days in culture, whereas 1 X 10(-3)
      M H2O2 results in a more prolonged inhibition. The synthesis of the proteoglycan
      core protein is inhibited, but the ability of the newly formed proteoglycans to
      aggregate with hyaluronic acid is unimpaired.

PMID- 3838256
TI  - Reversible oxidant-induced increases in albumin transfer across cultured
      endothelium: alterations in cell shape and calcium homeostasis.
AB  - To determine whether reactive oxygen molecules could directly and reversibly
      increase the transfer of albumin across an endothelial barrier, we measured
      albumin transfer across monolayers of endothelium cultured on micropore filters
      before and after exposure to xanthine and xanthine oxidase. Xanthine and xanthine
      oxidase increased endothelial albumin transfer in a dose-dependent fashion.
      Parallel phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated retraction of
      adjacent cells from one another and disruption of the actin filaments. The
      oxidant-induced increases in albumin transfer and changes in cell shape were
      reversed by removing xanthine oxidase and then incubating the monolayers for 3
      1/2 hours in tissue culture media enriched with fetal bovine serum. However,
      incubation in tissue culture media without serum resulted in progressive injury
      and cell death. Hence, the brief exposure to oxidants initiated a progressive
      injury process that was reversed by incubation in serum. Because intracellular
      and extracellular calcium are important determinants of cell shape, and because
      some oxidized membrane lipids act as calcium ionophores, we asked whether
      oxidants altered endothelial calcium homeostasis. Xanthine-xanthine oxidase
      increased release of 45Ca++ from preloaded cells. The calcium antagonist
      lanthanum chloride prevented xanthine-xanthine oxidase increases in endothelial
      albumin transfer and prevented the changes in cell shape; chelation of
      extracellular calcium inhibited lysis of endothelium by xanthine-xanthine
      oxidase; and the calcium ionophore A23187 increased endothelial albumin transfer
      and mimicked the oxidant-induced changes in cell shape. Lanthanum chloride
      inhibited these effects of A23187. These data suggest that oxygen radicals can
      reversibly increase endothelial permeability to macromolecules, that this is
      associated with reversible changes in endothelial cell shape and actin filaments,
      and that the changes in cell shape are related to oxidant-induced changes in
      endothelial calcium homeostasis.

PMID- 3838257
TI  - delta-Aminolevulinic acid synthetase and heme oxygenase activity in lung and
      liver of rats given DDT and endosulfan intratracheally.

PMID- 3838258
TI  - Antinociceptive effects of intrathecal opioids, noradrenaline and serotonin in
      rats: mechanical and thermal algesic tests.
AB  - Antinociceptive effects of intrathecal injections of morphine, methionine
      enkephalin, noradrenaline and serotonin were examined in rats, using 3 different
      methods: the tail-pinch, hot-plate and tail-flick tests. The order of sensitivity
      of the 3 methods to noradrenaline in the production of antinociception was tail
      pinch greater than tail-flick greater than hot-plate, while that of morphine,
      methionine-enkephalin and serotonin was tail-flick greater than hot-plate greater
      than tail-pinch. These results indicate that intrathecal noradrenaline, but not
      methionine-enkephalin and serotonin, produces more potent inhibition of the
      mechanical nociception than does the thermal one, and suggest a closer
      relationship of the descending noradrenergic system to the mechanical nociceptive
      system, in the spinal cord of rats.

PMID- 3838259
TI  - Spinal cord blood flow following subarachnoid tetracaine.
AB  - Spinal cord and spinal dural blood flow in the cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral
      regions were measured in dogs using the radioactive microsphere technique.
      Measurements were taken before and 20 and 40 minutes after lumbar subarachnoid
      injection of one of the following: physiologic saline; tetracaine 20 mg or
      tetracaine 20 mg with epinephrine 200 micrograms. No significant change in spinal
      cord or spinal dural blood flow occurred following subarachnoid physiologic
      saline or tetracaine with epinephrine. Dogs receiving subarachnoid tetracaine
      demonstrated a significant increase in lumbosacral spinal cord, and thoracic and
      lumbosacral dural blood flow at 20 and 40 minutes following injection. Cervical
      dural blood flow was significantly increased at 40 minutes after subarachnoid
      tetracaine. Lumbar subarachnoid tetracaine (20 mg) produces a regional spinal
      cord and generalized dural hyperemia which is prevented by the addition of
      epinephrine (200 micrograms).

PMID- 3838260
TI  - General anaesthesia for Nd:YAG laser resection of obstructing endobronchial
      tumours using the rigid bronchoscope.
AB  - Provision of general anaesthesia for patients undergoing Nd:YAG laser resection
      of obstructing endobronchial tumours using the rigid bronchoscope presents unique
      problems for the anaesthesiologist. We studied 15 patients who underwent 20 of
      these procedures under general anaesthesia. Patients were anaesthetized and
      ventilated with either potent inhalation agents via the side arm of the
      ventilating bronchoscope (Group I: N = 8), or with intravenous agents and the
      Sanders jet injector attached to the rigid bronchoscope (Group II: N = 12).
      Patients were paralyzed and ventilation was controlled. The inspired gas mixture
      was nitrogen and oxygen, and the FIO2 was decreased to 0.3-0.4 during periods of
      resection. Group I patients had significantly higher peak pCO2's than Group II
      (8.3 kPa (62 mmHg) vs. 5.6 kPa (44 mmHg); lowest recorded pO2's were comparable
      and similar to pre-induction values. Both groups exhibited wide blood pressure
      fluctuations. Heart rates remained within 15 per cent of pre-induction levels.
      There were no intraoperative deaths, and no airway fires, massive haemorrhages or
      pneumothoraces. We conclude that these procedures can be undertaken with the use
      of general anaesthesia and the rigid bronchoscope, but that patients may
      encounter potentially serious respiratory or haemodynamic instability during the
      procedure.

PMID- 3838261
TI  - Phospholipids involved in specific binding of 12-O-(5-azido-2
      nitrobenzoyl)phorbol-13-acetate to epidermal microsomes, a photolabeling study.
AB  - The preparation of 12-O-(5-azido-2-nitro)benzoylphorbol-13-acetate (NABPA) is
      described. It is used as a photoaffinity probe to study the biochemical
      components involved in the specific binding of phorbol esters to an epidermal
      particulate fraction (microsomes) from NMRI mice: without irradiation NABPA binds
      in a saturable and high affinity manner (KD = 12 nM; Rt = 2.6 pmol/mg protein) to
      microsomes; after irradiation (at 350 nm) specific photolabeling (representing
      specific binding of NABPA) is found of phospholipids (phosphatidyl-serine (PS)
      and -ethanolamine(PE)), but not of protein. The results are discussed in the
      context of protein kinase C being a receptor for phorbol esters.

PMID- 3838262
TI  - Urinary hypoxanthine and pseudouridine as indicators of tumor development in
      mesothelioma-transplanted nude mice.
AB  - A human mesothelioma was heterotransplanted to nude mice, and the urinary
      excretions of hypoxanthine, xanthine, pseudouridine, orotic acid, 7
      methylguanine, and 1-methylhypoxanthine have been followed before and after the
      tumor transplantation. The compounds were measured by means of isotachophoresis,
      which has been found a rapid and precise method. The tumor reached maximum size
      within 30 days, and at this time a significantly increased excretion of
      pseudouridine and hypoxanthine was observed. Tumor growth was stopped by
      chemotherapy (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone, and Adriamycin), and
      corresponding to this, a decrease occurred in both pseudouridine and hypoxanthine
      excretion to normal values.

PMID- 3838263
TI  - Clonal attenuation in chick embryo fibroblasts. Experimental data, a model and
      computer simulations.
AB  - When cells from mass cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts are grown at very low
      density, some cells yield large clones while others produce smaller clones, and
      some cells fail to divide at all. The distribution of clone sizes is related to
      the number of population doublings which the donor mass culture has undergone:
      the more doublings which have occurred, the smaller the average clone size. In
      this report we describe a model which analyses this phenomenon, referred to as
      'clonal attenuation', in detail. The model is based on the concept that a cell
      with hypothetically unlimited replicative potential--i.e. a 'stem' cell--can
      become 'committed' to a programme of limited replicative potential. This event is
      assumed to be stochastic and to have a fixed probability per stem cell division.
      The parameters of the model are: Pc, the probability of commitment; N, the number
      of differentiative divisions; and Tc, the cell-cycle times. By computer
      simulation, it is shown that Pc increases roughly exponentially at each
      successive stem cell division. According to the model, when the daughter of a
      stem cell becomes committed, its progeny proceed through N obligatory divisions
      before becoming terminally differentiated (post-mitotic). The best-fit value of N
      was found to be seven. The simulations also reveal that the absolute number of
      stem cells in the total population increases for most of the lifespan of the
      culture. When Pc becomes much greater than 0.5, the number of stem cells declines
      rapidly to zero, and the culture nears senescence. Sensitivity analysis shows
      that Pc can assume only a limited range of values at each stem-cell division.

PMID- 3838264
TI  - Aspects of statistics in studies of cell proliferation. IV. Simulation.
AB  - Computer simulation of an experiment can help to reveal how effective that
      experiment might be in estimating cell kinetic parameters, or in elucidating the
      nature of a proliferative response to a perturbation of the steady state, such as
      a carcinogenic or therapeutic treatment. Writing a simulation also clarifies
      one's thoughts about possible mechanisms of the proliferative response.

PMID- 3838265
TI  - Identification of the sequence responsible for the nuclear accumulation of the
      influenza virus nucleoprotein in Xenopus oocytes.
AB  - Influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP), synthesized in Xenopus oocytes after
      injection of cloned NP cDNA, enters and accumulates in the nucleus. We have used
      in vitro mutagenesis of this cDNA to study the cellular distribution of mutated
      NP polypeptides. Mutants lacking amino acids 327-345 of wild-type NP enter the
      nucleus but do not accumulate there to the same extent as the wild-type protein,
      suggesting that this region has a role in nuclear accumulation. This possibility
      is further strengthened by similar studies involving the production of fusion
      proteins in which various amino-terminal sequences of the NP gene are fused to
      the complete chimpanzee alpha 1-globin sequence: when globin cDNA was injected
      into and expressed in oocytes the protein remains exclusively in the cytosol;
      however, when the globin cDNA is fused to a portion of NP cDNA that includes the
      region encoding amino acids 327-345, the resulting fusion protein enters and
      accumulates in the nucleus. Fusion proteins lacking this region of the NP enter
      but do not accumulate in the nucleus.

PMID- 3838266
TI  - [Tumors of the thyroid gland in childhood--study of biopsy material].
AB  - A group of 29 biopsies from resected thyroid gland was represented by 5 boys and
      24 girls of the age under 15 years; the mean age was 12,7 years. There were 7
      cases of colloid adenoma, 5 of follicular adenoma, 5 of atypical adenoma and 5 of
      papillary carcinoma among them. A basedowian goiter was verified in 4 cases,
      Hashimoto-type thyroiditis was found once, thyroid gland was lacking twice. A
      shift between clinical and pathomorphological diagnoses was remarkable.

PMID- 3838267
TI  - Comparison of the in vitro and in vivo hepatic metabolism of the carcinogen 1
      nitropyrene.
AB  - [4,5,9,10(-3)H]1-nitropyrene was incubated with NADH- or NADPH-fortified rat
      liver microsomes under an argon atmosphere. Residual substrate and metabolites
      were extracted with ethyl acetate and analyzed by high pressure liquid
      chromatography. Both reduced and oxidized products were formed: namely, 1
      aminopyrene, trans-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1-nitropyrene, and 3-, 6- and 8
      hydroxy-1-nitropyrene. When incubations were conducted with rat liver cytosol,
      only the reduced products 1-nitrosopyrene and 1-aminopyrene were detected. In
      parallel experiments, [4,5, 9,10-3H]1-nitropyrene was administered to rats by
      intravenous injection or gavage and the bile was collected. After 4 h,
      approximately one-third of the intravenously-administered compound appeared in
      the bile as O-glucuronides of 3-, 6- and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene, the O
      glucuronide of trans-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1-nitropyrene, and unidentified
      glutathione conjugates. The same metabolites were found in rats treated with 1
      nitropyrene by gavage; however, only 10% of the dose appeared in the bile within
      12 h. These studies indicate that both nitroreduction and ring oxidation are
      involved in the hepatic metabolism of 1-nitropyrene. The importance of these
      pathways in the etiology of 1-nitropyrene tumorigenesis is discussed.

PMID- 3838269
TI  - Hewlett-Packard 41 software package for radioimmunoassay data evaluation and
      continuous batch-to-batch quality control.

PMID- 3838268
TI  - Assessment of the performance of electrocardiographic computer programs with the
      use of a reference data base.
AB  - To allow an exchange of measurements and criteria between different
      electrocardiographic (ECG) computer programs, an international cooperative
      project has been initiated aimed at standardization of computer-derived ECG
      measurements. To this end an ECG reference library of 250 ECGs with selected
      abnormalities was established and a comprehensive reviewing scheme was devised
      for the visual determination of the onsets and offsets of P, QRS, and T waves.
      This task was performed by a group of cardiologists on highly amplified, selected
      complexes from the library of ECGs. With use of a modified Delphi approach,
      individual outlying point estimates were eliminated in four successive rounds. In
      this way final referee estimates were obtained that proved to be highly
      reproducible and precise. This reference data base was used to study measurement
      results obtained with nine vectorcardiographic and 10 standard 12-lead ECG
      analysis programs. The medians of program determinations of P, QRS, and T wave
      onsets and offsets were close to the final referee estimates. However, an
      important variability could be demonstrated between measurements from individual
      programs and mean differences from the referee estimates amounted to 10 msec for
      QRS for certain programs. In addition, the variances of all programs with respect
      to the referee point estimates were variable. Some programs proved to be more
      accurate and stable when the data from high- vs low-noise recordings were
      analyzed. Average Q wave durations calculated from ECGs for which programs agreed
      on the presence of a Q or QS wave differed by more than 8 msec in several program
      to-program comparisons. Such differences may have important consequences with
      respect to diagnostic performance. Various factors that might explain these
      differences have been determined. The present study demonstrates that to allow an
      exchange of results and diagnostic criteria between different ECG computer
      programs, definitions, minimum wave requirements, and measurement procedures
      urgently need to be standardized.

PMID- 3838270
TI  - The knee jerk test for diagnosis of torn meniscus.

PMID- 3838271
TI  - Neuropeptide Y: a novel renal peptide with vasoconstrictor and natriuretic
      activity.
AB  - A novel vasoconstrictor peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY), has been identified in
      considerable quantities in the renal artery and kidney. Within the kidney, NPY
      was confined to the cortex and corticomedullary interface, the regions where the
      juxtaglomerular apparatus is most numerous. In the isolated perfused rat kidney,
      NPY caused a prompt dose-dependent increase in perfusion pressure and reduction
      in flow, with only a small fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In spite of
      the reduced renal perfusion, a dose-dependent natriuresis was observed. This
      response contrasts to the response of this preparation to noradrenaline, which
      causes sodium reabsorption. The presence of a potent vasoconstrictor and
      natriuretic peptide within the rat renovascular system suggests that it may play
      a significant role in the control of renal function.

PMID- 3838272
TI  - An algorithm to improve the computational efficiency of genetic linkage analysis.
AB  - The computational complexity of genetic linkage analysis can increase
      exponentially with the square of the number of alleles at a marker locus. Many of
      the most informative marker loci have a large number of associated alleles. The
      precise identities of the alleles are irrelevant to the linkage analysis so long
      as identity-by-descent and linkage-phase information are preserved. This paper
      introduces an algorithm which, by relabeling, reduces the number of alleles at
      the marker locus, thereby increasing the speed of the analysis. The relabeling
      scheme preserves linkage-phase and identity-by-descent information so the results
      of the analysis are unaffected. Unlike previously published methods, this
      algorithm can be applied to pedigrees of arbitrary structure with both complete
      and incomplete phenotypic information.

PMID- 3838273
TI  - Computer-assisted categorization of brain computerized tomography pixels into
      cerebrospinal fluid, white matter, and gray matter.
AB  - A computer-assisted method was employed to estimate the amounts of cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF), white matter, and gray matter in individual computerized tomography
      (CT) scans of brains. By means of an image processing procedure (DMORPH), the
      means +/- SD CT numbers of "pure" CSF, white matter, and gray matter were
      determined in each scan and stored. A CATSEG program used these means to define
      ranges for CT numbers for each of the three tissues on each scan, and to assign
      each pixel in a scan to one of the three categories. Summing over seven serial
      scans provided volumetric estimates of CSF, white matter, and gray matter in a
      brain segment. For 10 subjects aged 21 to 43 years, CSF volume equaled 1.4 to
      4.7% of the total segment volume, white matter equaled 37.5 to 48.2%, and gray
      matter equaled 50.2 to 58.9%. Image processing hardware and software which allow
      standardized sampling from CT images for the evaluation of surface areas and CT
      numbers are described. These procedures, as applied to CT scans of the human
      brain, can be used to estimate the volumes of CSF, white matter, and gray matter
      in a selected intracranial segment.

PMID- 3838274
TI  - Chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction. Coexistence of smooth muscle and
      neuronal abnormalities.

PMID- 3838276
TI  - A rapid, universal TI-59 model-independent pharmacokinetic analysis program based
      on statistical moment theory.
AB  - A model-independent program for pharmacokinetic analyses based on statistical
      moment theory is presented and demonstrated. The program uses an inexpensive and
      portable TI-59; a PC-100A printer adds convenience but is optional. The program
      may be used in analysis of blood, serum, or plasma concentration vs. time curves
      originating from iv, im, po, sl, or sc administration. Drug input can be zero or
      first order; both single-dose and multiple-dose steady-state conditions can be
      evaluated. A comparison between results generated using moment analysis and
      traditional two-compartment nonlinear regression showed excellent agreement.

PMID- 3838275
TI  - Cloning of a gene expressed in human breast cancer and regulated by estrogen in
      MCF-7 cells.
AB  - Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were prepared from MCF-7 breast cancer cells grown in the
      presence of estradiol. Complementary DNAs (cDNAs) were inserted into pBR322
      plasmid and a library of 4400 recombinant bacterial clones was prepared. The
      clones were screened by in situ differential hybridization with cDNAs prepared
      from RNAs of MCF-7 cells grown either in the presence or absence of estradiol.
      Several estrogen-induced or estrogen-repressed clones were identified. One of
      them corresponded to a relatively frequent mRNA (0.8% of recombinant plasmids) of
      650 nucleotides. The concentration of this mRNA was increased by estradiol (half
      maximal induction approximately 0.05 nM) but not by progesterone, dexamethasone,
      or dihydrotestosterone. Tamoxifen inhibited the effect of estradiol but was
      devoid of any agonistic activity when administered separately. This messenger was
      present in biopsies of breast cancer, but not in endometrium or liver. The cloned
      cDNA was sequenced. An open reading frame was found corresponding to a protein of
      less than 100 amino acids. A search of data banks showed no identity or marked
      similarity to previously published DNA or protein sequences, particularly to
      those of growth factors evoked by some characteristics of the coded polypeptide.
      The cloned cDNA probe was used to screen a library of Charon 4A phage containing
      human genomic fragments. Screening of 300,000 phages yielded two different
      recombinants hybridizing to the cDNA. Southern blot experiments using DNA from
      recombinant phage, MCF-7 cells, and placenta showed the presence of a unique gene
      exhibiting a similar restriction pattern in DNAs from malignant and nonmalignant
      tissues.

PMID- 3838277
TI  - Kinetic dosing computer support.

PMID- 3838278
TI  - Nucleotide sequences of the cDNA and an intronless pseudogene for human lactate
      dehydrogenase-A isozyme.
AB  - Eight cDNA clones for lactate dehydrogenase-A isozyme (LDH-A) were isolated from
      a human fibroblast cDNA library, characterized, and no sequence heterogeneity was
      found. Four cDNA clones appear to contain nearly full-length cDNA inserts and the
      complete nucleotide sequence of 1710 base pairs consists of the protein-coding
      sequence (999 base pairs), the 5' (97 base pairs) and 3' (565 base pairs)
      untranslated regions and poly(dA) tail (49 base pairs). The predicted amino acid
      sequence of the human LDH-A polypeptide shows 92% homology (27 differences out of
      331 amino acids compared) with that of the pig LDH-A subunit determined by direct
      protein sequencing [Kiltz et al. (1977) Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 358, 123
      127]. Human genomic clones containing an LDH-A pseudogene were isolated and the
      nucleotide sequence of 1635 base pairs from an intronless pseudogene was
      determined. The presence of two termination codons, two deletions of three
      nucleotides each and the replacement of three arginine residues at the active
      site (nos 98, 105 and 168) by other amino acids renders its coding region
      incapable of producing a functional LDH-A protein. A comparison between human LDH
      A cDNA and the pseudogene sequences reveals 12.9% differences (114 transitions,
      65 transversions and 36 deletions/insertions). Further, only four out of the 25
      dCpdG dinucleotides present in the cDNA sequence remain unchanged, although the
      sequences possess 87.1% homology.

PMID- 3838279
TI  - Preparation and characterization of NADP derivatives alkylated at 2'-phosphate
      and 6-amino groups.
AB  - Reaction of NADP with 3-propiolactone at pH 6 gave new NADP derivatives
      carboxyethylated at the 2'-phosphate or 6-amino group, or both: 2'-O-(2
      carboxyethyl)phosphono-NAD (I), N6-(2-carboxyethyl)-NADP (II), and 2'-O-(2
      carboxyethyl)phosphono-N6-(2-carboxyethyl)-NAD (III). Their structures were
      assigned on the basis of ultraviolet, 1H-NMR and 31P-NMR spectra, and also
      treatment with nucleotide pyrophosphatase or alkaline phosphatase. Carbodiimide
      promoted reaction of derivative I with 1,2-diaminoethane gave 2'-O-[N-(2
      aminoethyl)carbamoylethyl]phosphono-NAD (IV); derivative III gave 2'-O-[N-(2
      aminoethyl)carbamoylethyl]phosphono-N6-[N-(2-aminoethyl ) carbamoylethyl]-NAD
      (IV). The same reaction of derivative II, on the other hand, gave a mixture of N6
      [N-(2-aminoethyl)carbamoylethyl]-NADP (Va) and its 3'-phosphate isomer (Vb). The
      mixture was converted to Va via the 2',3'-cyclic derivative (Vc). Their
      structures were assigned on the basis of ultraviolet and 1H-NMR spectra, and also
      treatment with alkaline phosphatase or 3'-nucleotidase. All the NADP derivatives
      obtained in this work could be reduced with yeast glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 3838280
TI  - Amsacrine: a new drug for hematological malignancies.

PMID- 3838281
TI  - Selective retrograde transneuronal transport of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated
      horseradish peroxidase in the oculomotor system.
AB  - The fate of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA/HRP)
      subsequent to its uptake and retrograde axonal transport in abducens motoneurons
      of the monkey was studied using histochemical localization of WGA/HRP reaction
      product and light microscopy. Injections of WGA/HRP into monkey lateral rectus
      muscles produced a pattern of labelled motoneurons like that obtained with native
      HRP. In contrast to the native HRP data, WGA/HRP injections consistently labelled
      additional neuronal populations in the ipsilateral medial vestibular nucleus and
      contralateral dorsal medullary reticular formation. These regions correspond to
      those containing neurons known to make inhibitory synaptic contact with abducens
      motoneurons. No labelled neurons were observed in regions which contain
      excitatory premotor neurons. These data are consistent with the notion of
      retrograde transneuronal transport of WGA/HRP to premotor neurons. The
      specificity of the transneuronal exchange is indicated by the finding that only
      certain populations of premotor neurons were labelled. The precise manner by
      which preferential transneuronal transport of WGA/HRP is attained remains to be
      determined.

PMID- 3838282
TI  - Identification of the D-glucose binding polypeptide of the renal Na+-D-glucose
      cotransporter with a covalently binding D-glucose analog.
AB  - The covalently binding D-glucose analog 10-N-(bromoacetyl)amino-1-decyl-beta-D
      glucopyranoside (BADG) was synthesised and shown to be a high-affinity inhibitor
      of the renal Na+-D-glucose contransporter. From renal brush-border membranes a
      protein fraction was isolated, in which the concentration of Na+-dependent
      phlorizin binding sites per mg protein was enriched 7-fold. In labeling
      experiments with this protein fraction a polypeptide of Mr approximately 79000
      was identified as containing the D-glucose binding site of the renal Na+-D
      glucose cotransporter.

PMID- 3838283
TI  - Rohdei-litorin: a new peptide from the skin of Phyllomedusa rohdei.
AB  - The bombesin-litorin family of peptides is characterized by the common amino acid
      sequence-Gly-His-X-Met-NH2 at the C-terminus, where X is a hydrophobic or
      aromatic residue. A new member of this family, rohdei-litorin, has been isolated
      from amphibian skin and its structure shown to be: Glp-Leu-Trp-Ala-Thr-Gly-His
      Phe-Met-NH2. This new peptide displayed a greater affinity than other members of
      the family for rat urinary bladder receptors. A litorin-like peptide, with high
      affinity for this kind of receptor, has already been described in mammalian
      spinal cord and named neuromedin B. Rohdei-litorin shares with neuromedin B the
      entire C-terminal octrapeptide and may be considered the amphibian counterpart of
      this mammalian neuropeptide.

PMID- 3838284
TI  - The rates of replicative and unscheduled DNA synthesis as functions of
      temperature in LS/B1, L-As and L-C3 cells.
AB  - The relative rates of replicative and unscheduled DNA synthesis were determined
      over a temperature range of 2 degrees to 42 degrees C in LS/B1, L-As and L-C3
      cells. The rates were determined by measuring the amount of 3H-dTh incorporated
      into DNA during 60 min incubation of cells at a given temperature. Acid-resistant
      3H-activity incorporated into DNA at 2 degrees C was evaluated as evidence of DNA
      turnover, not non-specific adsorption of 3H-dTh. The relative rates of RDS and
      UDS were expressed as functions of temperature and from the data the values of
      Q10 and Eact necessary for incorporation of one mole of dTh into DNA during RDS
      and UDS were calculated. The values of Q10 and Eact are comparable to those
      reported for HeLa, V-79, L5/78Y and the epithelial cells. The experimentally
      determined values of Q10 and Eact for UDS in the lines tested did not vary. UDS,
      compared to RDS, is evaluated as a process with lesser demands for energy.

PMID- 3838285
TI  - Quantitation of type II procollagen mRNA levels during chick limb cartilage
      differentiation.
AB  - A single-stranded DNA probe complementary to chicken type II procollagen mRNA has
      been used to quantitate levels of that mRNA present in chicken limb mesenchyme
      during cartilage differentiation. Excess labeled probe prepared from a cDNA
      template cloned in M13mp9 was hybridized to completion to increasing amounts of
      total RNA and assayed by protection from S1 nuclease digestion. Estimates of the
      absolute levels of type II procollagen RNA were determined using the M13mp9
      template containing the coding strand as a standard. RNA complementary to the
      probe increased from 20 copies per diploid genome in stage 24 limb to
      approximately 2000 copies per diploid genome in stage 24 limb mesenchyme which
      had differentiated to cartilage in culture. Similar levels were found in
      cartilage from stage 31 limb. Sternal cartilage from 17-day embryos contained
      approximately 10,000 copies per diploid genome suggesting that the level of
      expression of this gene is different in limb growth cartilage compared with
      sternal cartilage. Low but detectable levels of RNA complementary to the probe
      were observed in limb at stages 20-24. Since a large fraction of the type II
      procollagen RNA in these early limbs is associated with polysomes, the type II
      procollagen gene appears to be expressed at a low level prior to phenotypic
      differentiation and prior to the accumulation of immunologically detectable
      levels of type II collagen.

PMID- 3838286
TI  - Cochlear implants in young children: some dilemmas.

PMID- 3838287
TI  - Peptide YY radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 3838288
TI  - Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in hereditary hemochromatosis: relation to iron
      status.
AB  - Under normal conditions, vitamin D absorbed from the diet or synthesized in the
      skin is transported to the liver where it undergoes hydroxylation. The purpose of
      this study was to determine whether excess hepatic iron affects this process and
      the subsequent production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-[OH]2D) in the kidney.
      Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations in untreated hereditary
      hemochromatosis were 13 +/- 6 (SD) in 9 patients with cirrhosis, 13 +/- 6 in 5
      patients with hepatic fibrosis, and 22 +/- 6 in 10 patients with normal hepatic
      architecture aside from siderosis and were significantly lower than the levels
      found in 24 controls matched for age, sex, and season, p less than 0.05. The mean
      serum 25-OHD levels in the two groups with hemochromatosis and hepatic damage
      were significantly lower than the value in the group with normal hepatic
      architecture, p less than 0.05. Serum 25-OHD levels in individual patients were
      inversely related to the size of body iron stores as measured by exchangeable
      body iron, r = -0.64, or serum ferritin, r = -0.47, p less than 0.05. In 15
      patients removal of excess body iron by venesection therapy produced a
      significant increase in the mean serum 25-OHD from 20 ng/ml to 30 ng/ml, p less
      than 0.05. In contrast, mean serum 1,25-[OH]2D levels were similar in iron-loaded
      and control subjects, indicating that the regulation of this metabolite was
      intact in patients with hemochromatosis. The results reveal that the low serum 25
      OHD concentration in patients with hemochromatosis is directly related to the
      extent of iron loading and it is improved by venesection therapy.

PMID- 3838289
TI  - Steroid modulation of Mullerian duct regression in the chick embryo.
AB  - The recent demonstrations that Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) is present in
      embryonic chick ovaries (P. K. Hutson, H. Ikawa, and P. K. Donahoe (1981). J.
      Pediatr. Surg. 16, 822-827), and that exogenous diethylstilbestrol does not
      significantly inhibit MIS secretion from feminized testes (Hutson et al. (1982)
      J. Pediatr. Surg. 17, 953-959), suggest that ovarian estrogens protect the female
      left Mullerian duct from MIS-induced regression. The possibility exists, however,
      that ovarian MIS may be inactive. This study was designed to see if interference
      with estrogen action in ovo would allow MIS to cause regression of the female
      left Mullerian duct. The "antiestrogens," tamoxifen and LY117018, had little
      effect on the female Mullerian ducts unless given in high doses or with added
      testosterone (greater than 0.1 mg). Two compounds known to inhibit estrogen
      synthesis, aminoglutethimide and 4-hydroxyandrostenedione, had no effect on their
      own, even in high doses (less than 1.0 mg/egg). However, when administered
      together (0.5 mg each) there was significant disappearance of the lower ends of
      both Mullerian ducts. Norethindrone, which has been described recently as an
      aromatase inhibitor (Y. Osawa, C. Yarborough, and V. Osawa (1982). Science
      (Washington, D. C.) 215, 1249-1251) caused partial regression of the upper end of
      the left Mullerian duct as well as complete loss of the lower ends of both ducts
      in the female. These results suggest that the steroid environment is a critical
      factor in the response of the Mullerian ducts to MIS, and that estrogen blockage
      may allow endogenous MIS from the ovary to induce partial regression of the
      Mullerian ducts in the female chick embryo.

PMID- 3838290
TI  - Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment of uterine sarcomas.
AB  - A retrospective evaluation of 87 cases of uterine sarcoma treated during 1965
      1980 at two Swedish hospitals has been made. Adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy
      has been compared with adjuvant chemotherapy. Various types of combination
      treatments were also evaluated. Both types of adjuvant therapy seem to reduce the
      failure rate, both locally in the pelvis and at distant sites, although survival,
      studied by the life table technique, was unaffected. Radiotherapy appears to
      reduce the number of pelvic failures when used as combination therapy and
      chemotherapy tends to prevent distant recurrences when used together with
      surgery. Further prospective and randomized studies are needed, however, to
      answer the question of the long-term value of adjuvant radiotherapy and/or
      chemotherapy in the treatment of uterine sarcomas.

PMID- 3838291
TI  - Study of human red cell NADH diaphorase (Dia1) in the Italian population.
AB  - A total of about 4,500 individuals from Northern, Central and Southern Italy have
      been analyzed for red cell NADH diaphorase. The results show that the Italians
      differ significantly (p less than 0.005) from the other examined populations of
      European origin by showing a higher frequency of the Dia2 allele (6.4%) and a
      lower frequency of other Dia variants (0.6%).

PMID- 3838292
TI  - Inhibition of human neutrophil receptor-mediated uptake of N-formyl-met-leu-phe
      by platelet factor 4 (59-70).
AB  - Human platelet factor 4 (PF4) and a substituent dodecapeptide designated PF4(59
      70) elicited human neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis with a similar
      concentration-dependence and maximal responses equal to that attained by
      chemotactic fragments of C5 (C5fr). At maximally chemotactic concentrations,
      PF4(59-70) stimulated the secretion by neutrophils of approximately 40% and 60%
      of the respective quantities of beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosaminidase
      released by 10(-6) M N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). In contrast
      to the deactivation of chemotaxis achieved by preincubation of neutrophils with
      other chemotactic factors, prior exposure to 10(-6)M PF4(59-70) for 2 min, or 20
      min at 37 degrees, enhanced by 1.5- to 2-fold the chemotactic responses of
      neutrophils evoked by optimal concentrations of fMLP, C5fr, leukotriene B4, and
      PF4(59-70). Concentrations of PF4(59-70) which enhanced neutrophil chemotaxis
      inhibited the rate of receptor-mediated internalization of [3H]fMLP at 37 degrees
      and 18 degrees, but at 0 degrees failed to alter the binding affinity or the
      number of receptors for [3H]fMLP. Preincubation of neutrophils at 37 degrees with
      concentrations of PF4(59-70) which enhanced neutrophil chemotaxis also did not
      affect the subsequent binding of [3H]fMLP at 0 degrees. The inhibition by PF4(59
      70) of the receptor-mediated internalization of [3H]fMLP was not mimicked by
      other positively charged compounds. The specific inhibition of receptor-mediated
      internalization of fMLP may explain the enhanced chemotactic responsiveness of
      neutrophils preincubated with PF4(59-70).

PMID- 3838293
TI  - Oculocutaneous manifestations of thyroid disease.

PMID- 3838294
TI  - Erythema nodosum related to propylthiouracil treatment for thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 3838295
TI  - [Arthroscopic knee surgery in the district hospital].

PMID- 3838296
TI  - [Clinical and arthrographic diagnosis of lateral discoid meniscus].

PMID- 3838297
TI  - Esophageal complications from combined chemoradiotherapy (cyclophosphamide +
      Adriamycin + cisplatin + XRT) in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
AB  - Esophageal complications from combined chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) were analyzed in
      55 patients with limited non-small cell lung cancer. CCRT consisted of
      chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and cisplatin: CAP) and
      chest irradiation (5000 rad in 25 fractions/5 weeks). Forty-five patients
      received two courses of CAP, followed by five weekly courses of low dose CAP and
      irradiation followed by maintenance courses of CAP (Group 1). Ten patients
      received concomitant CCRT from the onset of treatment (Group 2). Esophagitis
      occurred in 80% of all patients. Severe esophagitis occurred in 27% of patients
      of Group 1 and 40% of patients of Group 2. Esophageal stricture or fistula
      developed in 1 of 45 (2%) patients in Group 1, and 3 of 10 (30%) patients in
      Group 2 (p less than 0.025). Weekly low-dose chemotherapy administered
      concomitantly with chest irradiation (R) at the onset of treatment significantly
      increases esophageal complications. A review of the literature suggests that CCRT
      may be used safely with split courses of R. The duration between onset of
      chemotherapy either before or after R should be greater than one week.

PMID- 3838298
TI  - Ivermectin for treatment of nasal capillariasis in a dog.
AB  - One oral dose of ivermectin successfully rid a dog of Capillaria aerophila that
      were infecting the nasal passages. Diagnosis was made by finding the eggs in the
      feces and in the nasal discharge, and or finding the worms in a biopsy specimen
      taken from the nasal passage. Ivermectin was chosen because of ease of
      administration, expected efficacy, and minimal expense. Although this dog did not
      show any of the adverse CNS effects associated with the use of ivermectin, these
      potential side-effects should be kept in mind any time this anthelmintic is used
      in dogs.

PMID- 3838299
TI  - A41030, a complex of novel glycopeptide antibiotics produced by a strain of
      Streptomyces virginiae. Taxonomy and fermentation studies.
AB  - A41030 is a complex of novel glycopeptide antibiotics produced by a culture
      isolated from a soil. Taxonomic studies have identified the microorganism, NRRL
      15156, as a strain of Streptomyces virginiae. The major factor, A41030A, and
      three of the six minor factors are unique among glycopeptides in that they are
      naturally occurring aglycones, containing no neutral or amino sugars. The A41030
      that was not spontaneously released into the fermentation broth could be released
      from the biomass into aqueous media at pH 10.5. In contrast to the vancomycin and
      N-demethylvancomycin fermentations, A41030 biosynthesis was stimulated by
      enriching the medium with K2HPO4 at a level of 1 mg/ml. Enrichment with putative
      precursors of the aglycone, however, did not increase the biosynthesis of A41030.

PMID- 3838300
TI  - Mutual pro-drugs of the olivanic acids and renal dipeptidase inhibitors.
AB  - The carbapenem antibiotics, which include the olivanic acids and thienamycin,
      possess potent broad spectrum antibacterial activity. They are however
      extensively metabolized by the renal dipeptidase enzyme, dehydropeptidase I. As a
      result of this degradation, only low urinary recoveries of antibiotic are
      obtained in vivo. The preparation of mutual pro-drugs of the olivanic acids and
      an inhibitor of the renal dipeptidase enzyme is described. MM 22382 and MM 13902
      have been combined with Z-2-isovaleramidobut-2-enoic acid as double esters of
      formaldehyde hydrate. Administration of these linked esters to mice results in
      improved urinary recoveries of antibiotic.

PMID- 3838301
TI  - Exocellular esterase and emulsan release from the cell surface of Acinetobacter
      calcoaceticus.
AB  - An esterase activity has been found, both in the cell-free growth medium and on
      the cell surface of the hydrocarbon-degrading Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1.
      The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of acetyl and other acyl groups from
      triglycerides and aryl and alkyl esters. Emulsan, the extracellular
      heteropolysaccharide bioemulsifier produced by strain RAG-1, was also a substrate
      for the enzyme. Gel filtration showed that the cell-free enzyme was released from
      the cell surface either emulsan free or associated with the bioemulsifier. The
      partially purified enzyme was found to interact specifically with the esterified
      fully active emulsan, but not with the deesterified polymer. A role for esterase
      in emulsan release from the cell surface was indicated when the enzyme was
      preferentially depleted from the cell surface under conditions in which emulsan
      was not released. Such cells lost the capacity to release the biopolymer.

PMID- 3838303
TI  - Induction of spermidine N1-acetyltransferase by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as
      an early common event in the target tissues of vitamin D.
AB  - We have reported that the duodenal ornithine decarboxylase activity and the
      tissue content of putrescine increase markedly after a single intravenous
      injection of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha,25(OH)2D3) into vitamin D
      deficient chicks (Shinki, T., Takahashi, N., Miyaura, C., Samejima, K., Nishii,
      Y., and Suda, T. (1981) Biochem. J. 195, 685-690). In the present study, we
      examined in the same experimental system the effect of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 on the
      activity of duodenal spermidine N1-acetyltransferase, a rate-limiting enzyme
      catalyzing the conversion from spermidine to putrescine. The duodenal spermidine
      N1-acetyltransferase activity began to increase 30 min after a single intravenous
      injection of 625 ng of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 and attained a maximum in 2 h. As little
      as 1.25 ng of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 induced a small but significant increase in the
      spermidine N1-acetyltransferase activity, and the maximal response was obtained
      by 125 ng of the vitamin. The dose levels of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 required to induce
      duodenal spermidine N1-acetyltransferase activity were only one-tenth as much as
      those required to induce ornithine decarboxylase activity. The spermidine N1
      acetyltransferase activity was induced commonly in the target tissues of vitamin
      D, whereas ornithine decarboxylase activity occurred only in intestine. The 1
      alpha,25(OH)2D3-induced spermidine N1-acetyltransferase activity was greatly
      inhibited by prior administration of actinomycin D or cycloheximide. When 30,000
      X g intestinal supernatants were incubated with [14C]spermidine, [14C]putrescine
      was formed. These results clearly indicate that the induction of spermidine N1
      acetyltransferase activity is the 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3-induced earliest de novo
      synthesis in several proteins induced by the vitamin reported to date and that
      the 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3-induced duodenal synthesis of putrescine occurs by the
      pathways from both ornithine and spermidine.

PMID- 3838302
TI  - Mechanisms of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase overaccumulation in
      three compactin-resistant cell lines.
AB  - We have isolated three mammalian cell lines which are resistant to compactin, a
      competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)
      reductase. The drug resistance in all three cell lines is due to an increase of
      HMG-CoA reductase activity. Two of the three cell lines overaccumulate HMG-CoA
      reductase messenger RNA when grown in the presence of compactin. DNA
      hybridization experiments indicate that both a baby hamster kidney-derived
      compactin-resistant cell line, C100, and a cell line derived from mouse 3T6
      cells, 3T6-40, exhibit amplifications of the HMG-CoA reductase gene. A third
      compactin-resistant cell line derived from Chinese hamster ovary cells, ML100,
      does not exhibit an amplification of the HMG-CoA reductase gene, nor does it show
      an elevated level of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA, comparable to that seen in the other
      cell lines.

PMID- 3838304
TI  - Reactive site peptide structural similarity between heparin cofactor II and
      antithrombin III.
AB  - Heparin cofactor II (Mr = 65,600) was purified 1800-fold from human plasma to
      further characterize the structural and functional properties of the protein as
      they compare to antithrombin III (Mr = 56,600). Heparin cofactor II and
      antithrombin III are functionally similar in that both proteins have been shown
      to inhibit thrombin at accelerated rates in the presence of heparin. There was
      little evidence for structural homology between heparin cofactor II and
      antithrombin III when high performance liquid chromatography-tryptic peptide maps
      and NH2-terminal sequences were compared. A partially degraded form of heparin
      cofactor II was also obtained in which a significant portion (Mr = 8,000) of the
      NH2 terminus was missing. The rates of thrombin inhibition (+/- heparin) by
      native and partially degraded-heparin cofactor II were not significantly
      different, suggesting that the NH2-terminal region of the protein is not
      essential either for heparin binding or for thrombin inhibition. A significant
      degree of similarity was found in the COOH-terminal regions of the proteins when
      the primary structures of the reactive site peptides, i.e. the peptides which are
      COOH-terminal to the reactive site peptide bonds cleaved by thrombin, were
      compared. Of the 36 residues identified, 19 residues in the reactive site peptide
      sequence of heparin cofactor II could be aligned with residues in the reactive
      site peptide from antithrombin III. While the similarities in primary structure
      suggest that heparin cofactor II may be an additional member of the superfamily
      of proteins consisting of antithrombin III, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1
      antichymotrypsin and ovalbumin, the differences in structure could account for
      differences in protease specificity and reactivity toward thrombin. In
      particular, a disulfide bond which links the COOH-terminal (reactive site) region
      of antithrombin III to the remainder of the molecule and is important for the
      heparin-induced conformational change in the protein and high affinity binding of
      heparin does not appear to exist in heparin cofactor II. This observation
      provides an initial indication that while the reported kinetic mechanisms of
      action of heparin in accelerating the heparin cofactor II/thrombin and
      antithrombin III/thrombin reactions are similar, the mechanisms and effects of
      heparin binding to the two inhibitors may be different.

PMID- 3838305
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of the b-type cytochrome from human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes contain an oxidase system that can be activated to
      produce superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide. A nonmitochondrial b
      cytochrome, functioning in the generation of these oxygen species, has been
      purified to apparent homogeneity from human polymorphonuclear phagocytes. After
      solubilization of the cytochrome with Triton X-100, the cell extract was
      subsequently chromatographed on Blue Sepharose and Sephacryl S-300. The final
      preparation was maximally purified 170-fold with a specific content of 5.33 +/-
      2.03 nmol mg-1 of protein (mean +/- S.D.; n = 7) and a yield of 21 +/- 13% (n =
      5). The apparent molecular mass of the nondenatured cytochrome was estimated by
      gel filtration to be 235 kDa. Upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the
      presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, a single polypeptide was found with a
      molecular mass of 127 kDa. From the pyridine hemochrome spectrum 1 protoheme
      IX/polypeptide was calculated. The light absorbance bands of the dithionite
      reduced cytochrome were found to be at 558.5 (alpha), 529 (beta), and 426 nm
      (Soret), and that of the oxidized cytochrome at 413.5 nm. The difference
      absorbance coefficients are delta epsilon (426.5 - 440 nm) = 160.6 +/- 11 mM-1 cm
      1 and delta epsilon (558.5 - 542 nm) = 29.3 +/- 2 mM-1 cm-1 (mean +/- S.D.; n =
      5). Carbon monoxide binds to the cytochrome in a time-dependent fashion (maximum
      binding after 50-60 min). The midpoint potential of the solubilized nonpurified
      cytochrome is identical to the cytochrome in situ (Em7.0 = -218 +/- 7 mV (mean +/
      S.D.; n = 5)). However, purified cytochrome b shows a significantly decreased
      midpoint potential, estimated at -407 +/- 18 mV (n = 4). The protein does not
      contain noncovalently bound FAD or FMN, and no spectral evidence was obtained for
      the presence of covalently bound flavin. Preliminary amino acid analysis of the
      cytochrome shows a high content of hydrophilic residues.

PMID- 3838306
TI  - Purification of cartilage-derived growth factor by heparin affinity
      chromatography.
AB  - Cartilage-derived growth factor (CDGF) was found to bind tightly to columns of
      immobilized heparin and could be eluted with concentrations of salt in the order
      of 1.6-1.8 M NaCl. The molecular weight of CDGF was estimated to be 18,000-20,000
      by high performance liquid-size exclusion chromatography. The affinity of CDGF
      for heparin greatly facilitated its purification. Highly purified CDGF active at
      about 1-2 ng/ml was obtained when crude cartilage extract was applied to heparin
      Sepharose and the growth factor activity was recycled over heparin-Sepharose two
      more times. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      and silver stain visualization of highly purified CDGF showed one major
      polypeptide band with a molecular weight of about 19,000 containing over 95% of
      the protein and one minor polypeptide band containing the rest of the protein.
      Only the Mr 19,000 polypeptide was active after elution from the polyacrylamide
      gel. Although CDGF bound tightly to immobilized heparin, it did not bind to
      immobilized chondroitin sulfate or hyaluronic acid. In addition, CDGF bound to
      heparin much more tightly than did platelet-derived growth factor even though
      these two growth factors had similar isoelectric points of about 10. These
      results suggest that the binding of CDGF to heparin was due to a specific
      affinity of the 2 molecules for each other.

PMID- 3838307
TI  - Stabilization of thymic glucocorticoid-receptor complexes by the calcium
      activated protease inhibitor, calpastatin.
AB  - We previously described a heat-stable factor from WEHI-7 mouse thymoma, rat
      liver, spleen, and human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells that prevents
      degradation of glucocorticoid-receptor complexes (GRC) in cytosols from rat
      thymus and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia cells. We now show that the factor has
      many properties in common with calpastatin, a naturally occurring inhibitor of a
      family of neutral calcium-activated proteases called calpains. Liver GRC
      stabilizing activity and calpastatin activity, in addition to surviving boiling,
      co-chromatography on columns of DEAE-cellulose ion exchange or agarose A-0.5M gel
      filtration matrices, and have identical isoelectric points of 5.1. This factor
      should be especially useful for studying GRC function in the presence of calcium.

PMID- 3838308
TI  - An alternative approach to deoxyoligonucleotides as hybridization probes by
      insertion of deoxyinosine at ambiguous codon positions.
AB  - Two deoxyoligonucleotide probes (23-mer and 26-mer) carrying deoxyinosine
      residues (I) at positions corresponding to ambiguous nucleotides derived from
      amino acid sequence have been synthesized by the phosphotriester method using a
      polymer support. The 23-mer and 26-mer corresponded to the mRNA for 8 amino acids
      from gastrin and 9 amino acids from cholecystokinin, respectively. The dIs have
      been used where the base in the third position of the amino acid codon is
      ambiguous. These deoxyoligonucleotides were used as probes for hybridization with
      colonies containing the corresponding cDNAs or genes. The hybrid formed between a
      gastrin clone and the 23-mer that harbors 5 dIs was dissociated at 50-55 degrees
      C, suggesting that deoxyinosine did not significantly effect the stabilization or
      destabilization of the DNA duplex. A similar result was obtained using the 26-mer
      that contains 5 dIs and a phage clone DNA of the cholecystokinin gene. Thus
      oligonucleotide probes with deoxyinosine residues at ambiguous points seem to be
      useful as hybridization probes for cloning genes for proteins containing amino
      acids with degenerate codons.

PMID- 3838309
TI  - Human liver fatty acid binding protein cDNA and amino acid sequence. Functional
      and evolutionary implications.
AB  - Human liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) cDNA clones were identified in a
      liver cDNA library. The two longest clones were completely sequenced. The
      nucleotide sequence predicts a protein of 127 amino acid residues. Identity of
      the clones was confirmed by limited amino acid sequence analysis of purified
      human L-FABP peptides and Edman degradation of radiolabeled in vitro translated
      FABP. Statistical analysis of the amino acid and mRNA sequences of human L-FABP,
      rat L-FABP, rat intestinal (I-) FABP, and mouse 422 protein indicates that the
      human and rat L-FABPs are highly homologous and that L-FABP and I-FABP diverged a
      long time ago (approximately 650-690 million years ago), although they are more
      closely related to each other than either of them is to 422 protein. Secondary
      structure predictions from the primary sequence of human and rat L-FABP reveal a
      region (residues 12-30) that might be the putative fatty acid binding domain of
      the two L-FABPs. Knowledge of the primary amino acid sequence of L-FABP and
      possible functional domains will be pivotal in further defining and understanding
      the mechanism of ligand binding and transfer by this protein.

PMID- 3838310
TI  - Regulation of rat yolk sac 25-hydroxy- and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 24
      hydroxylase activities.
AB  - The yolk sac of the pregnant rat which functions as a true placenta is a target
      organ for vitamin D. This tissue can hydroxylate in position 24 both 25-hydroxy-
      and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3). The present report
      describes an in vitro model for the study of 1,25-(OH)2D3 action on the further
      metabolism of 25-OH[3H]D3 and 1,25-(OH)2[3H]D3 by yolk sac. The tissue explants
      were preincubated with 1,25-(OH)2D3 for 18 h in a serum-free culture medium.
      Physiological concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3 were the most effective in
      stimulating (7.5-fold) the 1,25-(OH)2D3 24-hydroxylase, while the 25-OHD3 24
      hydroxylase stimulation (4-fold) required a 1,25-(OH)2D3 concentration of 10(-7)
      M. The stimulating effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on the 1,25-(OH)2D3 24-hydroxylase was
      temperature-dependent, and, since its was inhibited by actinomycin D and
      cycloheximide, required de novo protein synthesis. 1,24,25-(OH)3D3, 25-OHD3, and
      24,25-(OH)2D3 were 10- to 1000-fold less potent than 1,25-(OH)2D3 in inducing the
      1,25-(OH)2D3 hydroxylase. Our results strongly suggest that 1,25-(OH)2D3
      regulated the 1,25-(OH)2D3 24-hydroxylase by a receptor-mediated process.
      Furthermore, 1,25-(OH)2D3 at 10(-9) M induced within 4 h an increase of its own
      degradation and the formation of an as yet unidentified major 1,25-(OH)2[3H]D3
      metabolite. We conclude that the yolk sac can participate in the regulation of
      1,25-(OH)2D3 concentration in the fetoplacental unit.

PMID- 3838311
TI  - Expression of thymidine kinase and dihydrofolate reductase genes in mammalian ts
      mutants of the cell cycle.
AB  - Thymidine kinase and dihydrofolate reductase mRNA levels and enzyme activities
      were determined in two temperature-sensitive cell lines, tsAF8 and ts13, that
      growth arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle at the restrictive temperature.
      The levels of thymidine kinase mRNA and enzyme activity increased markedly in
      both cell lines serum stimulated from quiescence at the permissive temperature.
      At the nonpermissive temperature, the levels of thymidine kinase mRNA and enzyme
      activity remain at the low levels of quiescent G0 cells. The levels of
      dihydrofolate reductase mRNA as well as the enzyme activity also increase when
      both cell lines are serum stimulated at the permissive temperature. When ts13
      cells are serum stimulated at the nonpermissive temperature dihydrofolate
      reductase enzyme activity declines rapidly and dihydrofolate reductase mRNA is
      below detectable levels. On the contrary, when tsAF8 cells are serum stimulated
      at the nonpermissive temperature dihydrofolate reductase enzyme activity
      increases and mRNA levels are detectable slightly above G0 levels, even though
      the cells are blocked in the G1 phase. Studies with 2 other cDNA clones (one with
      an insert whose expression is cell cycle dependent and the other with an insert
      whose expression is not cell cycle dependent) indicate that the results are not
      due to aspecific toxicity or the effect of temperature. We conclude that the
      expression of different genes is affected differently by the ts block in G1, even
      when these genes are all growth-related.

PMID- 3838312
TI  - Spatial requirements for location of basic residues in peptide substrates for
      smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase.
AB  - The requirement of basic residues as substrate specificity determinants for the
      chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase has been studied using synthetic
      peptide analogs of the local phosphorylation site sequence in the myosin light
      chains, Lys-Lys-Arg13-Pro-Gln-Arg16-Ala-Thr-Ser19-Asn-Val-Phe- Ala. The basic
      residue, Arg-16, was found to have a strong influence on the kinetics of
      phosphorylation similar to that reported previously for the three adjacent
      residues, Lys-11, Lys-12, and Lys-13 (Kemp, B. E., Pearson, R. B., and House, C.
      (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 80, 7471-7475). The location of Arg-16 in
      relation to Ser-19 as well as the distance between Arg-13 and Arg-16 had a
      profound effect on both the kinetics and the site specificity of phosphorylation.
      Placement of Arg-16 at position 15 resulted in a complete switch in
      phosphorylation site specificity from Ser-19 to Thr-18. Increasing the number of
      alanine residues between Arg-13 and Arg-16 in the model peptide, Lys-Lys-Arg
      (Ala)n-Arg-Ala-Thr-Ser-Asn-Val-Phe-Ala, also influenced the kinetics and site
      specificity of peptide phosphorylation. With two or three alanines (n = 2 or 3),
      the apparent Km was 7.5 and 10 microM, respectively, and 97% of the phosphate was
      esterified to Ser-19. Increasing or decreasing the number of alanines (n = O to n
      = 4) was accompanied by an increase in the apparent Km and phosphorylation of
      both Thr-18 and Ser-19. These results support the concept that both the presence
      and location of basic residues play an essential role in the substrate
      specificity of the smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase.

PMID- 3838313
TI  - Human liver fatty acid binding protein. Isolation of a full length cDNA and
      comparative sequence analyses of orthologous and paralogous proteins.
AB  - We have determined the primary structure of human liver fatty acid binding
      protein from an analysis of a full length cDNA. This 127-residue 14,178-Da
      protein exhibits a high degree of sequence conservation when compared to its
      orthologous homologue, rat liver fatty acid binding protein. It appears likely
      that this polypeptide arose from two intragenic duplication events. Using a
      variety of computational techniques, we were unable to find any evidence of
      amphipathic alpha helical domains in this protein nor any sequence similarities
      to apolipoproteins and serum albumins. A family of paralogous proteins was
      defined, whose members share a remarkable degree of sequence homology with share
      a remarkable degree of sequence homology with human liver fatty acid binding
      protein. These include rat intestinal fatty acid binding protein, the cellular
      the P2 protein of myelin. It appears that the small cytosolic fatty acid binding
      proteins have evolved structural features necessary for lipid-protein interaction
      which are different from those present in some familiar and better studied
      extracellular sequences.

PMID- 3838314
TI  - A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence
      properties.
AB  - A new family of highly fluorescent indicators has been synthesized for
      biochemical studies of the physiological role of cytosolic free Ca2+. The
      compounds combine an 8-coordinate tetracarboxylate chelating site with stilbene
      chromophores. Incorporation of the ethylenic linkage of the stilbene into a
      heterocyclic ring enhances the quantum efficiency and photochemical stability of
      the fluorophore. Compared to their widely used predecessor, "quin2", the new dyes
      offer up to 30-fold brighter fluorescence, major changes in wavelength not just
      intensity upon Ca2+ binding, slightly lower affinities for Ca2+, slightly longer
      wavelengths of excitation, and considerably improved selectivity for Ca2+ over
      other divalent cations. These properties, particularly the wavelength sensitivity
      to Ca2+, should make these dyes the preferred fluorescent indicators for many
      intracellular applications, especially in single cells, adherent cell layers, or
      bulk tissues.

PMID- 3838315
TI  - The protease specificity of heparin cofactor II. Inhibition of thrombin generated
      during coagulation.
AB  - 125I-labeled heparin cofactor II (HCII) was mixed with plasma and coagulation was
      initiated by addition of CaCl2, phospholipids, and kaolin or tissue factor. In
      the presence of 67 micrograms/ml of dermatan sulfate, radioactivity was detected
      in a band which corresponded to the thrombin-HCII complex (Mr = 96,000) upon
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No other complexes
      were observed. The thrombin-HCII complex was undetectable when 5 units/ml of
      heparin was present or when prothrombin-deficient plasma was used. In experiments
      with purified proteases, HCII did not significantly inhibit coagulation factors
      VIIa, IXa, Xa, XIa, XIIa, kallikrein, activated protein C, plasmin, urokinase,
      tissue plasminogen activator, leukocyte elastase, the gamma-subunit of nerve
      growth factor, and the epidermal growth factor-binding protein. HCII inhibited
      leukocyte cathepsin G slowly, with a rate constant of 8 X 10(4) M-1 min-1 in the
      presence of dermatan sulfate. These results indicate that the protease
      specificity of HCII is more restricted than that of other plasma protease
      inhibitors and suggest that the anticoagulant effect of dermatan sulfate is due
      solely to inhibition of thrombin by HCII.

PMID- 3838316
TI  - Induction of cytoskeletal vimentin and actin gene expression by a tumor-promoting
      phorbol ester in the human leukemic cell line K562.
AB  - The tumor-promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) was
      found to induce the biosynthesis and deposition of two cytoskeletal components in
      the human erythroleukemic cell line K562 with apparent Mr = 55,000 and 46,000. A
      time course showed that maximal changes in these cytoskeletal components occurred
      as early as 24 h after treatment and were maintained at least as long as 72 h. By
      immunoprecipitation, one of the induced cytoskeletal components was identified as
      vimentin. There was approximately a 10-fold induction of vimentin biosynthesis
      following TPA treatment. The other TPA-induced protein was found to co-migrate
      with purified actin in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Neither of
      these proteins was induced in the closely related human erythroleukemic cell
      line, HEL. By in vitro protein synthesis directed by total cellular RNA isolated
      from K562 cells, induction of vimentin biosynthesis was found to correlate with
      increases in the level of vimentin mRNA activity. A time course showed that
      vimentin mRNA activity was detectably elevated as early as 3 h after TPA
      treatment and reached a maximum by 12 h then the level decreased. By RNA dot blot
      and Northern gel hybridization using a cloned human actin cDNA, we found that
      there was also an induction of actin mRNA. A time course showed that there was an
      elevation of actin mRNA as early as 1 h after TPA treatment. The level then
      increased to a maximum at 6 h, after which the level decreased. These results are
      consistent with the induction of vimentin and actin gene transcription by TPA in
      K562 cells.

PMID- 3838317
TI  - Modulation of heparin cofactor II activity by histidine-rich glycoprotein and
      platelet factor 4.
AB  - Heparin cofactor II is a plasma protein that inhibits thrombin rapidly in the
      presence of either heparin or dermatan sulfate. We have determined the effects of
      two glycosaminoglycan-binding proteins, i.e., histidine-rich glycoprotein and
      platelet factor 4, on these reactions. Inhibition of thrombin by heparin cofactor
      II and heparin was completely prevented by purified histidine-rich glycoprotein
      at the ratio of 13 micrograms histidine-rich glycoprotein/microgram heparin. In
      contrast, histidine-rich glycoprotein had no effect on inhibition of thrombin by
      heparin cofactor II and dermatan sulfate at ratios of less than or equal to 128
      micrograms histidine-rich glycoprotein/microgram dermatan sulfate. Removal of 85
      90% of the histidine-rich glycoprotein from plasma resulted in a fourfold
      reduction in the amount of heparin required to prolong the thrombin clotting time
      from 14 s to greater than 180 s but had no effect on the amount of dermatan
      sulfate required for similar anti-coagulant activity. In contrast to histidine
      rich glycoprotein, purified platelet factor 4 prevented inhibition of thrombin by
      heparin cofactor II in the presence of either heparin or dermatan sulfate at the
      ratio of 2 micrograms platelet factor 4/micrograms glycosaminoglycan.
      Furthermore, the supernatant medium from platelets treated with arachidonic acid
      to cause secretion of platelet factor 4 prevented inhibition of thrombin by
      heparin cofactor II in the presence of heparin or dermatan sulfate. We conclude
      that histidine-rich glycoprotein and platelet factor 4 can regulate the
      antithrombin activity of heparin cofactor II.

PMID- 3838319
TI  - A dissecting aneurysm in the bulbus arteriosus of a brook stickleback, Culaea
      inconstans.
AB  - In the bulbus arteriosus of an adult, male brook stickleback, C. inconstans, one
      of 100 caught in July 1982 from Lake 200, near Erickson, Manitoba, Canada, there
      was a dissecting aneurysm similar to those in the human aorta. The vessel also
      showed the classic signs of Erdheim's "idiopathic cystic medionecrosis", but its
      lumen was dilated and the lesion could thus also be regarded as a fusiform
      aneurysm. In the proximal half of the bulbus the endothelial lining was torn
      transversely and blood had extended into the middle layer of the wall to create 2
      concentric and longitudinal channels which re-entered the lumen distally at
      approximately the mid-point of the bulbus. Except near the bulbar-aortic
      junction, the amount of elastica and (probably) smooth muscle was drastically
      reduced, the wall was infiltrated with amorphous deposits of mucoid substances,
      there were focal, cyst-like areas, and the normally tall and intensely PAS
      positive, endothelial cells were flattened and poorly staining. There was no
      evidence of cystic medionecrosis in the bulbus arteriosus of other fish without
      dissecting aneurysms. This is thought to be the first report of a dissecting
      aneurysm in any lower vertebrate. Evidently, such an aneurysm can occur in a
      vessel without vasa vasorum, and in a very small animal (48 mm long), where the
      wall tension in its blood vessels must be extremely low compared with that in the
      human aorta.

PMID- 3838318
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of Sn-protoporphyrin suppression of hyperbilirubinemia.
      Inhibition of heme oxidation and bilirubin production.
AB  - The synthetic heme analogue Sn-protoporphyrin is a potent competitive inhibitor
      of heme oxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation to bile pigment,
      and can entirely suppress hyperbilirubinemia in neonatal animals and
      significantly reduce plasma bilirubin levels in a variety of circumstances in
      experimental animals and man. To further explore the mechanism by which this
      metalloporphyrin reduces bilirubin levels in vivo, we have examined its effects
      on bilirubin production in bile duct-cannulated rats, in which bilirubin derived
      from heme catabolism is known to be rapidly excreted in bile. The administration
      of Sn-protoporphyrin (10-50 mumol/kg body weight) was followed by prompt (within
      approximately 1 h) and sustained (up to at least 18 h) decreases in bilirubin
      output, to levels 25-30 percent below the levels of bilirubin output in control
      bile fistula animals. The metalloporphyrin had no effect on bile flow or the
      biliary output of bile acids. Infusions of heme, which is taken up primarily in
      hepatocytes, or of heat-damaged erythrocytes, which are taken up in
      reticuloendothelial cells, resulted in marked increases in bilirubin output in
      bile in control animals; these increases were completely prevented or
      substantially diminished by Sn-protoporphyrin administration. By contrast, the
      metalloporphyrin did not alter the high levels of bilirubin in plasma and bile
      that were achieved in separate experiments by the constant (16 h) infusion of
      unconjugated bilirubin to bile duct-cannulated rats. Thus, Sn-protoporphyrin
      exerts no major effects on the metabolic disposition of preformed bilirubin. Heme
      oxygenase activities were markedly decreased in microsomal preparations from
      liver, spleen, and kidneys in these experiments, to a degree comparable to the
      decreases we have observed in the intact rat. We also demonstrated that a
      substantial proportion (19-35%) of a dose of Sn-protoporphyrin is promptly
      excreted in bile and that the time course of biliary excretion of this compound
      more closely reflects plasma concentrations of the metalloporphyrin, which
      decline rapidly, rather than concentrations in liver, which are considerably more
      persistent. These results indicate that Sn-protoporphyrin substantially reduces
      the in vivo production of bilirubin from the degradation of endogenous as well as
      exogenous heme in the rat. Moreover, this inhibitory effect of the synthetic
      metalloporphyrin on bilirubin production occurs in both hepatocytes and
      reticuloendothelial cells, which are the major tissue sites for bilirubin
      formation. In other studies, we have established that heme oxygenase blockade by
      Sn-protoporphyrin leads to a marked and rapid excretion of heme into bile
      presumably because the synthetic metabolism to bile pigment and making it
      available for excretion via the biliary system in to the gut, These studies
      strongly suggest that Sn-protoporphyrin diminishes hyperbilirubinemia in animals
      and man by inhibiting the production of the bile pigment in vivo, and that its
      principal mode of action involves a potent and sustained competitive inhibition
      of heme oxygenase.

PMID- 3838320
TI  - Experimental studies on cysts in the prolactin zone of the pituitary in the 9
      spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius L.
AB  - The incidence of pituitary cysts in the prolactin zone of the stickleback, P.
      pungitius, cannot be reduced, either compared with laboratory controls or with
      wild fish, by keeping animals in conditions of minimal osmotic stress (1/3
      strength SW). As there were no signs of cyst repair in any animal and as previous
      attempts to reduce cyst incidence also failed, it is likely that animals with
      cysts cannot lose them. The study also showed that keeping fish in captivity and
      handling them each day can induce cysts to appear in the pituitary. Records of
      fish mortality and the number of cysts per gland and their size and locularity
      suggest that animals with large cysts (greater than 70 micron in diameter)
      survive better in 1/3 strength SW and that the factors causing cysts to appear in
      the pituitary may not be those that induce them to enlarge.

PMID- 3838321
TI  - Absorption of minocycline hydrochloride and tetracycline hydrochloride. Effect of
      food, milk, and iron.
AB  - Serum concentrations of tetracycline hydrochloride and minocycline hydrochloride
      were compared when administered with water, milk, a meal, and 300 mg ferrous
      sulfate in two groups of eight volunteers. Absorption of both antibiotics was
      significantly decreased by administration with iron (77% inhibition with
      minocycline and 81% with tetracycline), milk (27% inhibition with minocycline,
      65% with tetracycline), and food (13% inhibition with minocycline and 46% with
      tetracycline). The inhibitory effect on absorption with food and milk was
      significantly greater for tetracycline than for minocycline.

PMID- 3838322
TI  - A comparison of three speech coding strategies using an acoustic model of a
      cochlear implant.
AB  - Three alternative speech coding strategies suitable for use with cochlear
      implants were compared in a study of three normally hearing subjects using an
      acoustic model of a multiple-channel cochlear implant. The first strategy (F2)
      presented the amplitude envelope of the speech and the second formant frequency.
      The second strategy (F0 F2) included the voice fundamental frequency, and the
      third strategy (F0 F1 F2) presented the first formant frequency as well.
      Discourse level testing with the speech tracking method showed a clear
      superiority of the F0 F1 F2 strategy when the auditory information was used to
      supplement lipreading. Tracking rates averaged over three subjects for nine 10
      min sessions were 40 wpm for F2, 52 wpm for F0 F2, and 66 wpm for F0 F1 F2. Vowel
      and consonant confusion studies and a test of prosodic information were carried
      out with auditory information only. The vowel test showed a significant
      difference between the strategies, but no differences were found for the other
      tests. It was concluded that the amplitude and duration cues common to all three
      strategies accounted for the levels of consonant and prosodic information
      received by the subjects, while the different tracking rates were a consequence
      of the better vowel recognition and the more natural quality of the F0 F1 F2
      strategy.

PMID- 3838323
TI  - Endless loop tachycardia started by an atrial premature complex in a patient with
      a dual chamber pacemaker.
AB  - In a patient with a dual chamber pacemaker that senses in both the atrium and
      ventricle (VDD, DDD), a ventricular depolarization temporally displaced from a P
      wave can cause retrograde atrial activation and initiate an endless loop
      pacemaker-mediated tachycardia. A case in which an endless loop tachycardia was
      initiated by an end-diastolic atrial premature complex is reviewed. Retrograde
      conduction occurred because of the change in the temporal relation of atrial
      sensing and atrioventricular (AV) node depolarization. The implanted pacemaker
      did not have the capability of atrial refractory programmability. Atrial
      refractory interval extension, which occurs in this model after a ventricular
      premature complex to protect against a retrograde P wave, was not invoked since
      the tachycardia was begun by an atrial rather than a ventricular premature
      complex. The tachycardia was controlled by shortening the programmable AV delay.
      The mechanism of tachycardia induction and its management are outlined. Atrial
      refractory programmability is required in all VDD or DDD pacemakers.

PMID- 3838325
TI  - 'Cardbox'--an ideal program for clinical filing.

PMID- 3838326
TI  - Ashton Tate's dBASE II as a patient-index manager.

PMID- 3838324
TI  - Laser ablation of human atherosclerotic plaque without adjacent tissue injury.
AB  - Seventy samples of human cadaver atherosclerotic aorta were irradiated in vitro
      using a 308 nm xenon chloride excimer laser. Energy per pulse, pulse duration and
      frequency were varied. For comparison, 60 segments were also irradiated with an
      argon ion and an Nd:YAG (neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet) laser operated in the
      continuous mode. Tissue was fixed in formalin, sectioned and examined
      microscopically. The Nd:YAG and argon ion-irradiated tissue exhibited a central
      crater with irregular edges and concentric zones of thermal and blast injury. In
      contrast, the excimer laser-irradiated tissue had narrow deep incisions with
      minimal or no thermal injury. These preliminary experiments indicate that the
      excimer laser vaporizes tissue in a manner different from that of the continuous
      wave Nd:YAG or argon ion laser. The sharp incision margins and minimal damage to
      adjacent normal tissue suggest that the excimer laser is more desirable for
      general surgical and intravascular uses than are the conventionally used medical
      lasers.

PMID- 3838327
TI  - Analysis of class I MHC antigens in the rat by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were made against class I MHC antigens of the i (mAb
      42,70,39) and u (mAb 68-D) haplotypes in the rat by using specific strain
      combinations in order to obtain reagents for identifying the products of the
      RT1.An, RT1.Au, and RT1.Eu loci. These antibodies were hemagglutinating only;
      were IgG except for mAb 68-D3, which had a defective heavy chain; reacted
      identically with MHC-congenic strains and with their inbred donor strains; and
      precipitated class I MHC antigens. Strain distribution, sequential
      immunoprecipitation, and peptide mapping studies were used to define the
      specificities of the mAb, and the assignments were checked by comparing the
      specificities of the mAb with those of haplotype-specific alloantisera. The
      specificities were the following: mAb 42, An; mAb 68-D, Au; mAb 70, Eu; and mAb
      39, an antigen encoded by a locus different from A and E. This new locus was
      designated RT1.F, and the allele detected by mAb 39, as Fa. The serologic data
      place RT1.F between RT1.A and RT1.D. The plasma membranes of DA.1I(BI)
      lymphocytes contain comparable amounts of An, Eu, and Fa antigens but express
      them on the cell surface in the order An much greater than Eu greater than Fa.

PMID- 3838328
TI  - The use of colloidal gold for screening monoclonal antibodies to cell surface
      antigens.
AB  - An immunogold method in Terasaki plates is described which allows accurate and
      sensitive visualization of the binding of monoclonal antibodies to cell surface
      antigens and is suitable for large scale screening. Monolayers of fixed cells are
      prepared in the wells. The binding of monoclonal antibodies is detected by a
      protein A gold complex. The cell-bound gold can be visualized by either optical
      or transmission electron microscopy. The results obtained with various monoclonal
      antibodies are presented.

PMID- 3838329
TI  - [Prenatal assessment of fetal lung maturity by the stable microbubble method-
      fundamental and clinical study].
AB  - Diagnostic value of RDS was investigated by the Stable Microbubble Method. When
      this method was applied to the tracheal fluid of fetuses in rabbit (28 days of
      gestation), the PV curve and lung-thoracic compliance showed mature patterns in
      the test results for weak, medium, and strong as compared with those for zero and
      very weak in which they showed an immature pattern. Results by this method
      correlated with the DSPC level in human amniotic fluid, and were little affected
      by the contamination of meconium or fresh plasma. Amounts of DSPC were 0.69 +/-
      0.05 (mg/dl, Mean +/- SE) in zero, 1.19 +/- 0.15 in very weak, 3.99 +/- 5.06 in
      weak, 6.58 +/- 2.01 in medium, and 7.70 +/- 1.15 in strong test results. The
      coefficient of correlation was 0.56 (p less than 0.01). In the clinical study,
      when the mature level was arbitrarily defined as weak, the diagnostic accuracy
      was 76.8%, false negative rate was 0%, and false positive rate was 27.5%. If the
      mature level was defined as very weak, the diagnostic accuracy was 94.2% and the
      false positive rate was 3.4%. But the false negative rate increased to 18.8%. The
      diagnostic accuracy of this method was higher than the double shake test (72.2%),
      and was as high as the measurement of the DSPC level (92.0%).

PMID- 3838330
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and biologic effects of calcitriol in normal humans.
AB  - The dose response and pharmacokinetics of orally administered calcitriol were
      investigated in normal humans. In one protocol, six volunteers received
      calcitriol 0.25 micrograms twice a day, 0.5 micrograms daily, and 0.5 micrograms
      twice a day, in successive weeks. Peak plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D occurred 4 to
      8 hours after ingestion of a single dose of 0.5 micrograms, with a return to
      baseline within 24 hours. The 8:00 AM calcitriol plasma levels were raised only
      when the drug was given twice daily. Urinary calcium excretion (UCa) was
      significantly increased from 199 +/- 19 mg/24 hr during the control period to
      similar levels of 302 +/- 26 mg/24 hr after 0.25 microgram twice a day and 284 +/
      31 mg/24 hr after 0.50 microgram daily. With 0.50 microgram twice a day, UCa was
      417 +/- 36 mg/24 hr, a value greater than after the lower doses (p less than
      0.05). In another protocol, fourteen volunteers received calcitriol 0.25
      microgram, 0.5 microgram, and 1.0 microgram twice a day each for 14 days with
      intervening control periods of 2 weeks. A dose-related response in urinary
      calcium/creatinine excretion occurred. Thus, UCa (milligrams calcium per
      milligram creatinine) increased with calcitriol from 0.13 +/- 0.014 mg to 0.15 +/
      0.018 mg with 0.25 microgram twice a day, from 0.13 +/- 0.010 mg to 0.22 +/-
      0.022 mg with 0.5 microgram twice a day, and from 0.12 +/- 0.012 mg to 0.23 +/-
      0.012 mg with 1 microgram twice a day (p less than 0.05 with 0.25 microgram, p
      less than 0.01 with 0.5 and 1 microgram twice a day).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3838331
TI  - Telephone use by a multi-channel cochlear implant patient. An evaluation using
      open-set CID sentences.
AB  - A totally deaf person with a multiple-channel cochlear prosthesis obtained open
      set speech discrimination using the telephone. CID Everyday Sentences were
      presented by telephone to the patient, who repeated an average of 21 per cent of
      key words correctly on the first presentation, and 47 per cent when a repeat of
      the sentences was permitted. This result is consistent with the patient's reports
      of telephone usage.

PMID- 3838332
TI  - Using the microcomputer as a tool for learning to read and write.

PMID- 3838333
TI  - "State action" doctrine as a defense in antitrust challenges.

PMID- 3838334
TI  - Characterization of profiles of salivary progesterone concentrations during the
      luteal phase of fertile and subfertile women.
AB  - Salivary progesterone concentrations were measured in daily samples collected
      between 08.00 and 09.00 h throughout the menstrual cycle of women with a history
      of fertility. The luteal-phase salivary progesterone profiles in these normally
      menstruating, healthy women were characterized using a computer program based on
      a cumulative sum procedure. This method of statistical analysis led to the
      development of a 'progesterone boundary diagram', the inner and outer domains of
      which distinguished between the profiles of salivary progesterone considered
      compatible with fertility, and those observed in subfertile women attending an
      infertility clinic.

PMID- 3838335
TI  - Analysis of human blood monocyte activation at the level of gene expression.
      Expression of alpha interferon genes during activation of human monocytes by poly
      IC/LC and muramyl dipeptide.
AB  - Human monocytes were activated to secrete alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) by poly
      IC/LC but not by other monocyte activators, such as muramyl dipeptide (MDP). In
      contrast, monocytes were activated to secrete fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
      release by MDP but not by poly IC/LC. The amount of total RNA present in
      unactivated and activated human monocytes was similar. Using two 32P-labeled cDNA
      probes (pLM001 and HuIFN-alpha 2) for human IFN-alpha genes in hybridization
      studies, we analyzed messenger RNA species from this gene family in activated
      human monocytes. After activation with poly IC/LC, two other mRNA species (2.8
      and 5.5 kb) were detected in addition to the 1.0 kb mRNA normally associated with
      IFN-alpha secretion. Unexpectedly, monocytes activated with MDP also contained
      2.8 kb IFN-alpha mRNA. There was associated with this 2.8 kb IFN-alpha mRNA,
      found in MDP-activated monocytes, appreciable levels of intracellular IFN-alpha
      activity in the absence of detectable secreted IFN-alpha. Thus the secretion of
      IFN-alpha in activated human monocytes can be correlated with the appearance of a
      1.0 kb mRNA species after poly IC/LC exposure. Secretion appears to be defective
      in MDP-stimulated monocytes even though they contain active intracellular IFN
      alpha apparently translated from the 2.8 kb mRNA.

PMID- 3838336
TI  - Purification and characterization of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion
      protein.
AB  - The fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus was purified by affinity
      chromatography using a monoclonal antibody. Under various conditions the protein
      was recovered as a 145K dimer or a 70K monomer. The 70K monomer was composed of
      disulphide-linked fragments of 48K and 23K. Polyclonal rabbit serum produced to
      the dimerized fusion protein neutralized virus but did not inhibit fusion, while
      rabbit serum to the 2-mercaptoethanol-treated dimerized protein neutralized virus
      and inhibited fusion of infected cells. Only the latter serum strongly recognized
      the 23K fragment when studied by Western blot analysis.

PMID- 3838337
TI  - cDNA cloning of the messenger RNAs of five genes of canine distemper virus.
AB  - Messenger RNAs from Vero cells infected with the Onderstepoort strain of canine
      distemper virus (CDV) were cloned into the PstI site of plasmid pAT153. Total
      polyadenylated RNA was used and resulting clones were screened with 32P-labelled
      cDNA probes from infected and mock-infected cells. The virus specificity of the
      clones was proven by Northern blot hybridization and by ability to select
      radioactive virus mRNAs labelled in vivo in the presence of actinomycin D. Clones
      from the N, P and M genes of CDV were identified by hybrid select translation;
      clones which presumably represent the H and F genes were also obtained. The
      clones allowed a designation of the major viral mRNA bands. Bicistronic mRNAs
      were identified, and their selection by various clones suggests a gene order of
      3'-N-P-M-70K-65K-L-5' for this virus.

PMID- 3838338
TI  - Coronavirus MHV-JHM mRNA 5 has a sequence arrangement which potentially allows
      translation of a second, downstream open reading frame.
AB  - The sequence of a 5'-proximal region of mRNA 5 of coronavirus MHV-JHM was
      determined by chain-terminator sequencing of cDNA subcloned in M13. The sequence
      contained two long open reading frames of 321 bases and 264 bases, overlapping by
      five bases but in different frames. Both open reading frames are initiated by AUG
      codons in sequence contexts that are relatively infrequently used as initiator
      codons. The smaller, downstream open reading frame encoded a neutral protein
      (mol. wt. 10200) with a hydrophobic amino terminus. The larger, 5'-proximal open
      reading frame encoded a basic protein (mol. wt. 12400) which lacks internal
      methionine residues. With the exception of the AUG codon initiating the
      downstream open reading frame, no internal AUG codons were found within the
      sequence covered by the upstream open reading frame. These results suggest that
      the MHV-JHM mRNA 5 is translated to produce two proteins by a mechanism involving
      internal initiation of protein synthesis. Preliminary evidence is presented
      showing that the downstream open reading frame is functional in vivo.

PMID- 3838339
TI  - Effects of L-DOPA on the concentrations of free and sulfoconjugated
      catecholamines in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and central and peripheral
      nervous system tissues of the rat.
AB  - The effects of subcutaneous injection of L-beta-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalamine (L
      DOPA) on the concentrations of the catecholamines and catecholamine sulfates in
      the central and peripheral nervous systems of the rat were studied. The results
      showed that free 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (DA, dopamine) increased rapidly
      and markedly in the hypothalamus and striatum after L-DOPA but DA sulfate did not
      change. Increased concentrations of DA sulfate were detected in the CSF and in
      the plasma, where it reached a concentration of 130.8 +/- 12.8 ng/ml at 2 h,
      seven times the level of free DA (19.1 +/- 2.9 ng/ml). In the kidney the ratio of
      DA sulfate to free DA was reversed in favor of free DA. Urine samples of L-DOPA
      treated rats showed a higher increase of free DA than DA sulfate, but free
      norepinephrine (NE) and NE sulfate remained unchanged. Concentrations of free DA
      and free NE in the adrenal glands of L-DOPA-treated rats showed no change.
      Adrenal DA sulfate and NE sulfate were not detectable in the control and L-DOPA
      treated rats, suggesting that the adrenal glands lack the capacity to take up or
      store catecholamines and their sulfate counterparts from the plasma.

PMID- 3838340
TI  - A trifluoromethylphenyl piperazine derivative with high affinity for 5
      hydroxytryptamine-1A sites in rat brain.
AB  - The inhibition of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine [( 3H]5-HT) binding in rat brain by 1
      [2-(3-bromoacetamidophenyl)ethyl]-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine
      (BrAcTFMPP) and that by spiperone were compared. Spiperone inhibition of [3H]5-HT
      binding in cortex was consistent with displacement from two sites with
      dissociation constants (KD) of 24 nM (5-HT-1A site) and 19 microM (5-HT-1B site)
      for spiperone. BrAcTFMPP also discriminated two subpopulations of [3H]5-HT
      binding sites with dissociation constants of 0.5 nM and 146 nM for the compound.
      The proportion of high-affinity sites for each compound represented about 35% of
      the specific [3H]5-HT binding. In the presence of 1 microM spiperone, a
      concentration that saturates the 5-HT-1A sites while having a minimal effect on 5
      HT-1B sites, BrAcTFMPP displaced [3H]5-HT from a single site with a KD for
      BrAcTFMPP of 145 nM. The inhibition of [3H]5-HT binding by spiperone in the
      presence of 30 nM BrAcTFMPP was best fit by a single-site model with a KD of 21
      microM for spiperone. In corpus striatum, 5-HT-1A sites, as defined with
      spiperone, represented 15% of the specific [3H]5-HT binding and 30 nM BrAcTFMPP
      also blocked about 15% of the binding. A significant difference between spiperone
      and BrAcTFMPP was their affinity for 5-HT-2 receptors. BrAcTFMPP (KD = 41 nM) had
      an 80-fold lower affinity for these sites than spiperone (KD = 0.5 nM). Thus,
      BrAcTFMPP and spiperone discriminate the same two subpopulations of [3H]5-HT
      binding sites and BrAcTFMPP displays a high affinity and a selectivity for 5-HT
      1A sites versus both 5-HT-1B and 5-HT-2 sites.

PMID- 3838341
TI  - Identification of a proenkephalin precursor in striatal tissue.
AB  - Recent studies have supported the suggestion that proenkephalin is the same in
      both adrenal medulla and brain. However, although previous investigations have
      characterized enkephalin-containing adrenal intermediates derived from
      proenkephalin, as yet no such intermediates have been isolated from the brain.
      This has led to the belief that the processing of proenkephalin in the brain is
      extremely rapid and enkephalin-containing intermediates do not accumulate. In
      this investigation Sephacryl-300 gel filtration chromatography of guinea pig
      striata, extracted in 8 M urea, demonstrated several peaks of both bioactive and
      immunoreactive enkephalin-like peptides after enzymatic digest (trypsin followed
      by carboxypeptidase B). Comparable profiles were obtained using rat and bovine
      striatal tissue. In guinea pig the major species emerging from gel filtration,
      eluting with an apparent molecular weight of 29,000, represented approximately 9%
      of the total (methionine) enkephalin immunoreactivity. It had an apparent pI of
      5.0 when subjected to chromatofocusing. This species was further characterized
      using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      nitrocellulose blotting techniques as well as highly specific radioimmunoassays
      to (Met5)-enkephalin, (Leu5)-enkephalin, and (Met5)-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7. This
      species was found to contain these opioid peptides in an approximately 6:1:1
      ratio, respectively, and to have an apparent molecular weight of 31,000. It was
      also indicated that (Met5)-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 constituted the C-terminal seven
      residues of this molecule.

PMID- 3838342
TI  - Restricted transport of vitamin D and A derivatives through the rat blood-brain
      barrier.
AB  - The present studies measure the transport of retinol, retinoic acid, 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3], and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25-(OH)D3] through
      the rat brain capillary endothelial wall, i.e., the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
      The vitamin A and D derivatives bind both to albumin and to specific high
      affinity binding proteins in plasma. In the presence of physiologic
      concentrations of plasma proteins, the extraction by brain of all four compounds
      was 5% or less.

PMID- 3838343
TI  - Cyclophosphamide versus 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin C (FAM') in
      the treatment of hormone-resistant metastatic carcinoma of the prostate: a
      preliminary report of a randomized trial.
AB  - There is no evidence that combination chemotherapy is superior to single agents
      in the treatment of advanced, hormone-resistant carcinoma of the prostate. We are
      reporting the preliminary results of a randomized trial comparing
      cyclophosphamide (CTX) with a combination of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin and
      mitomycin C (FAM'). Thirty-one patients were randomized and 30 of them were
      evaluable for response. Sixteen patients were treated with CTX and 14 with FAM'.
      On the CTX arm, eight (50%) of the patients had stable disease (SD) and eight
      (50%) had progressive disease (PD). On the FAM' arm, one (7%) patient had partial
      response (PR), five (36%) patients had SD and eight (57%) failed to respond. The
      difference in response rates between the two regimens was not significant (P
      greater than .72). The median time to progression (MTP) of all patients treated
      with CTX was six weeks and the MTP of patients treated with FAM' was 16 weeks (P
      less than .007). This difference in MTP could be explained in part by the unequal
      time to reevaluation between the two regimens. The MTP of the responders on CTX
      however, was 13 weeks, while for FAM' it was 33 weeks (P = .014). This difference
      suggests that FAM' has superior activity to CTX. Pain alleviation was seen in 25%
      of patients treated with CTX and in 64% of those treated with FAM' (P less than
      .01). Toxicity was tolerable on both regimens. We conclude that CTX and FAM' have
      similar response rates. Patients treated with FAM' enjoyed longer MTP and greater
      pain alleviation than those treated with CTX.

PMID- 3838344
TI  - Evidence for differential localization of noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y in
      neuronal storage vesicles isolated from rat vas deferens.
AB  - Using the technique of homogenization and subsequent density gradient
      centrifugation combined with ultrastructural analysis, the subcellular
      localization of noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y (NPY) was studied in vas
      deferens of castrated male rats. Noradrenaline showed two peaks in the gradient:
      one major peak at low density and another at high density. Only one NPY peak was
      seen, which coincided with the high density peak of noradrenaline. Electron
      microscopic analysis revealed high proportions of small and large vesicles in the
      light and heavy fractions, respectively. The present results indicate a
      differential subcellular localization of noradrenaline and NPY in the
      noradrenergic nerve endings of vas deferens. Thus, small vesicles seem to contain
      only noradrenaline, whereas the large vesicles may contain both noradrenaline and
      NPY.

PMID- 3838345
TI  - Characterization of the prodynorphin and proenkephalin neuropeptide systems in
      rat hippocampus.
AB  - Opioid peptides derived from prodynorphin were localized immunocytochemically to
      dentate granule cells and mossy fibers of the rat hippocampus with antisera
      against dynorphin A(1-17) and dynorphin B. Extracts of microdissected hippocampal
      regions were resolved by reverse phase and molecular exclusion chromatography to
      identify the molecular forms of the dynorphin A immunoreactivity and to quantify
      regional contents. Results demonstrated that the relative concentration of
      dynorphin A within each dissected region of hippocampus agreed well with the
      distribution of dynorphin A detected by immunocytochemical methods.
      Immunostaining of proenkephalin-derived opioid peptides, [Leu5]enkephalin and
      bovine adrenal medullary peptide-22P, was concentrated in cell bodies of the
      entorhinal cortex, nerve fibers in the perforant pathway, and terminals in the
      outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Light immunostaining of granule cells
      and mossy fibers with these antisera was also found. The relative concentration
      of [Leu5]enkephalin immunoreactivity in each microdissected region of the
      hippocampus also agreed well with the distribution of [Leu5]enkephalin
      immunostaining. Chromatography of hippocampal regional extracts demonstrated that
      the immunoreactivity measured was due to the presence of authentic
      [Leu5]enkephalin. The probable neurotransmitter function of both [Leu5]enkephalin
      and dynorphin A was shown by their calcium-dependent release after in vitro
      depolarization of hippocampal tissue. The reported presence of beta-endorphin in
      hippocampus was not verified. Comparison of the hippocampal distribution and
      content of prodynorphin and proenkephalin-derived opioids suggests that separate
      populations of neurons containing these two peptide families form distinct
      neurotransmitter systems of roughly equal concentration.

PMID- 3838346
TI  - Calcium and phosphate metabolism in children with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism
      or pseudohypoparathyroidism: effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
AB  - Two children with congenital hypoparathyroidism and two children with
      pseudohypoparathyroidism were given maintenance doses of 15 to 45 ng/kg/day 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 for a total of 255 months. The urinary calcium excretion
      showed an upward elevation after the first 2 years of treatment but was not
      significantly higher than that in 10 normal control subjects. The renal threshold
      for phosphate excretion stayed within the normal ranges compared with control
      values. Two hypercalcemic and two hypocalcemic episodes occurred during this
      period of treatment. Hypercalcemia was reversed within 1 week after withdrawal of
      1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Hypocalcemia was countered by increasing the dose of
      1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Renal functions were not adversely affected, as
      estimated by creatinine clearance and reciprocals of serum creatinine
      concentrations. The mean serum calcium concentration during 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin
      D3 treatment was significantly higher (P = 0.001) compared with that obtained
      during vitamin D2 treatment at a dose of 500 to 3000 IU/kg/day. These data
      provide additional support for the long-term use of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in
      idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism.

PMID- 3838348
TI  - Food intolerance--a general paediatrician's view.

PMID- 3838347
TI  - Low-dose 131I in treatment of Graves' disease.
AB  - One hundred and sixty-four patients with Graves' disease were treated with low
      dose radioiodine (2 mCi), with a mean follow up of 4 1/2 years. At this time 74
      (45%) were euthyroid having had a single dose, with a total of 131 (80%) being
      controlled with one or more doses. Three (2%) were still toxic but their mean
      follow up was only 3 years. Thirty (18%) were rendered hypothyroid, two-thirds of
      these after a single dose of 2 mCi 131I. The one-year incidence of hypothyroidism
      was 6%, with an incidence at 6 years of 20%. Previous surgery, medical treatment
      and thyroid antibody status appeared to have no influence on the outcome.

PMID- 3838349
TI  - Intracellular processing of the Newcastle disease virus fusion glycoprotein.
AB  - The fusion glycoprotein (Fo) of Newcastle disease virus is cleaved at an
      intracellular site (Nagai et al., Virology 69:523-538, 1976) into F1 and F2. This
      result was confirmed by comparing the transit time of the fusion protein to the
      cell surface with the time course of cleavage of Fo. The time required for
      cleavage of half of the pulse-labeled Fo protein is ca. 40 min faster than the
      half time of the transit of the fusion protein to the cell surface. To determine
      the cell compartment in which cleavage occurs, use was made of inhibitors which
      block glycoprotein migration at specific points and posttranslational
      modifications known to occur in specific cell membranes. Cleavage of Fo is
      inhibited by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone; thus, cleavage does not
      occur in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Monensin blocks the incorporation of
      Newcastle disease virus glycoproteins into virions and blocks the cleavage of the
      fusion glycoprotein. However, Fo cannot be radioactively labeled with [3H]
      fucose, whereas F1 is readily labeled. These results argue that cleavage occurs
      in the trans Golgi membranes or in a cell compartment occupied by glycoproteins
      quite soon after their transit through the trans Golgi membranes. The
      implications of the results presented for the transit times of the fusion protein
      between subcellular organelles are discussed.

PMID- 3838350
TI  - Use of antibodies directed against synthetic peptides for identifying cDNA
      clones, establishing reading frames, and deducing the gene order of measles
      virus.
AB  - A number of cDNA clones complementary to measles virus mRNA and 50S genome RNA
      have been generated. These clones have been mapped by restriction enzyme analysis
      and were subsequently sequenced by the method of Maxam and Gilbert (A. M. Maxam
      and W. Gilbert, Methods Enzymol. 65:499-560, 1980). Computer analysis of these
      DNA sequences revealed open reading frames which potentially could code for a
      number of gene products. Portions of these putative polypeptides were
      synthesized, and rabbit antibodies directed against peptide-hemocyanin conjugates
      were produced. These antibodies were used to immunoprecipitate virus-specific
      polypeptides which were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. For each of the antisera tested, a unique protein was
      precipitated whose migration on polyacrylamide gels corresponded to standard gene
      products identified by monoclonal antibodies and antisera against measles virus.
      By using this method, we were able to assign the coding regions of cDNA clones to
      specific protein products and, subsequently, to order the genes of the 3'
      terminal third of measles genome RNA.

PMID- 3838351
TI  - The envelope-associated 22K protein of human respiratory syncytial virus:
      nucleotide sequence of the mRNA and a related polytranscript.
AB  - We recently determined that respiratory syncytial virus (strain A2) encodes a
      fourth unique envelope-associated virion protein that has molecular weight of
      approximately 24,000, as estimated by gel electrophoresis. The nucleotide
      sequence of the mRNA encoding this novel protein has now been determined from
      five cDNA clones, including three that contain the complete mRNA sequence. The
      complete mRNA sequence is 957 nucleotides, exclusive of polyadenylate, and
      contains two partially overlapping open reading frames. The 5'-proximal open
      reading frame is favored for utilization by the criteria of the location and
      sequence of its translational start site. Furthermore, the calculated molecular
      weight of the encoded protein, 22,153, is in agreement with the previous estimate
      of 24,000 for the authentic protein identified by hybrid selection and in vitro
      translation. The sequence of the predicted protein, now designated the 22K
      protein, contains 194 amino acids, is relatively hydrophilic, and appears to be
      the most basic of the respiratory syncytial virus proteins. The mRNA also
      contains a second, internal open reading frame which would encode a protein of 90
      amino acids. However, no evidence for this translation product is known. The
      first nine nucleotides in the mRNA sequence, 5'-GGGGCAAAU, are identical to the
      conserved sequence identified previously at the 5' termini of seven other
      respiratory syncytial viral mRNAs; the sequence at the 3' end of the 22K mRNA,
      5'. . . AGUUAUUU-polyadenylate, contains the elements of the previously
      identified 3'-terminal consensus sequence for respiratory syncytial virus mRNAs,
      AGUUAA(N)1-4-polyadenylate (P. L. Collins, Y. T. Huang, and G. W. Wertz, Proc.
      Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81:7683-7687). In addition, we present and describe the
      intergenic sequence of a dicistronic RNA derived from readthrough of the F and
      22K protein genes.

PMID- 3838352
TI  - [Inhibition of platelet aggregation and thromboxane formation by the calcium
      antagonist nisoldipine following a single oral dose of 10 mg. A double-blind
      study in healthy probands].
AB  - The influence of the calcium antagonist nisoldipine on collagen-induced platelet
      aggregation and platelet thromboxane formation was studied ex vivo in healthy
      male volunteers in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design.
      Measurements of general haemodynamics, immunoreactive 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1
      alpha and thromboxane B2 ex vivo and collagen-induced (0.6 and 2.5 micrograms/ml)
      platelet aggregation were performed immediately before (time 0), 0.5 h, 1 h and 2
      h after ingestion of 10 mg nisoldipine or an identical placebo tablet. Compared
      with the control response at time 0, administration of nisoldipine resulted in a
      significant inhibition of both low-collagen-induced platelet aggregation and
      formation of immunoreactive thromboxane B2 at time 0.5 h. There were no changes
      in heart rate or systolic blood pressure but a significant decrease in diastolic
      blood pressure by nisoldipine at 1 h. No such change was obtained with placebo
      and there were also no alterations with nisoldipine in platelet aggregation and
      thromboxane formation after stimulation by high-dose collagen at this or any
      other time of the study. The data demonstrate a platelet-inhibitory potential of
      nisoldipine in healthy men which is probably related to an increased resistance
      of the platelet membrane against foreign stimuli.

PMID- 3838354
TI  - Cochlear implant: clinical status, 1985.

PMID- 3838353
TI  - Postirradiation soft tissue sarcoma occurring in breast cancer patients: report
      of seven cases and results of combination chemotherapy.
AB  - Seven cases of soft tissue sarcoma developing after primary or postoperative
      radiotherapy for breast carcinoma are reported. The sarcomas occurred within the
      irradiated volume, after a latent period of 4-26 years. These cases conform well
      to established criteria for the diagnosis of radiation-induced sarcoma.
      Chemotherapy, consisting of the four-drug combination CYVADIC (cyclophosphamide,
      vincristine, adriamycin, DTIC) was employed in six of the seven patients. Only
      two of them achieved partial remission, lasting only 2 and 3 months,
      respectively. The effectiveness of adriamycin-containing chemotherapy regimens in
      soft tissue sarcomas as well as the remote hazard of radiation-related sarcoma in
      primary or postoperative breast irradiation are discussed.

PMID- 3838355
TI  - [Temporal and spectral characteristics of signals from artefacts and background
      bioelectric activity. Spectral characteristics of signals from artefacts of
      extracerebral origin].
AB  - The spectral characteristics of the artefacts of the extrabrain origin and
      background bioelectrical activity have been investigated over the number of
      frequency ranges.

PMID- 3838356
TI  - Calculation of patient dose and somatic dose index due to roentgen examinations.
AB  - In order to estimate the risk involved in x-ray examination for an individual or
      for a population, doses resulting from x-ray examinations are needed for organs
      particularly sensitive to radiation, i.e., the thyroid gland, the lungs, the
      breasts, and the bone marrow. A dose calculation program is presented based on a
      semiempirical formula involving exposure, backscatter factor, relative depth
      dose, and off-axis attenuation. Results have been compared with experimental
      measurements and Monte Carlo calculations presented in the literature. Doses to
      any point, organ doses, energy imparted, and somatic dose index can be calculated
      in phantoms of different sizes. The agreement between these and Monte Carlo
      results is probably sufficient for radiation protection risk estimates.

PMID- 3838357
TI  - Variations on calculating left-ventricular volume with the radionuclide count
      based method.
AB  - Various methods for the calculation of left-ventricular volume by the count-based
      method utilizing red-blood-cell labeling with 99mTc and a parallel-hole
      collimator are evaluated. Attenuation correction, linked to an additional left
      posterior oblique view, is utilized for all 26 patients. We examine (1) two
      methods of calculating depth, (2) the use of a pair of attenuation coefficients,
      (3) the optimization of attenuation coefficients, and (4) the employment of an
      automated program for expansion of the region of interest. The standard error of
      the estimate (SEE) from the correlation of the radionuclide volumes with the
      contrast-angiography volumes, and the root-mean-square difference between the two
      volume sets at the minimum SEE are computed. It is found that optimizing a single
      linear attenuation coefficient assumed for attenuation correction best reduces
      the value of the SEE. The average of the optimum value from the end-diastolic
      data and that from the end-systolic data is 0.11 cm-1. This value agrees with the
      mean minus one standard deviation value determined independently from computed
      tomography scans (0.13-0.02 cm-1). It is also found that expansion of the region
      of interest beyond the second-derivative edge with an automated program, in order
      to correctly include more counts, does not lower the SEE as hoped. This result is
      in contrast to the results of others with different data and a manual method.
      Possible causes for the difference are given.

PMID- 3838358
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxycalciferol and calcium therapy in osteoporosis with calcium
      malabsorption. Dose response relationship of calcium absorption and indices of
      bone turnover.
AB  - We have studied some effects of small doses of 1,25-dihydroxycalciferol
      (calcitriol) and calcium, either combined or separately, in 45 patients with
      osteoporosis and malabsorption of calcium. In 24 patients on 0.25 micrograms/d of
      calcitriol the hourly fractional rate of radiocalcium absorption rose from 0.37
      +/- 0.02 to 0.55 +/- 0.04 (p less than 0.001) and in 21 patients on 0.50
      micrograms/d it rose from 0.36 +/- 0.02 to 0.69 +/- 0.05 (p less than 0.001).
      These responses were seen within 5 days and were not increased further at 6 weeks
      to 3 months. The combined therapy significantly reduced the fasting urinary
      hydroxyproline/creatine ratio (OHPr/Cr) and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity
      (ALP) in 6-12 weeks, the smaller dose of calcitriol (0.25 micrograms/d) being as
      effective as the larger one (0.50 micrograms/d) in this respect. Calcium alone (1
      g/d) had no effect and calcitriol alone (0.25 mcg/d) had a lesser effect on both
      OHPr/Cr and ALP than the combined therapy. The falls in OHPr/Cr and ALP tended to
      be greatest in the cases with the highest initial levels but constituted only
      partial suppression of these variables towards the theoretical non-bone
      components. These results suggest that treatment with calcitriol and calcium
      suppresses bone resorption in osteoporosis associated with malabsorption of
      calcium and is more effective than calcium or calcitriol given alone.

PMID- 3838359
TI  - Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on membrane transport and intermediary
      metabolism.
AB  - To investigate the mechanism of the renal tubular transport effects of 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3), brush border membrane vesicle inorganic phosphate
      (Pi) uptake and gluconeogenesis were measured in renal cortex obtained from
      vitamin D deficient thyroparathyroidectomized rats which had been infused with 6
      pmol/h of 1,25-D3 and 0.2 U/h of parathyroid hormone (PTH), a nonphosphaturic
      ('permissive') dose, for 6 h. When compared to vitamin D deficient animals
      receiving the vehicles alone, there was a significant increase in Pi transport by
      those vesicles obtained from the 1,25-D3-treated animals. Substrate-stimulated
      gluconeogenesis in thyroparathyroidectomized vitamin D deficient animals was
      decreased in animals which received the 1,25-D3 plus PTH combination. In all
      groups receiving 1,25-D3 plus PTH, there was a significant decline in urinary Pi
      excretion. We, therefore, conclude that 1,25-D3 promotes proximal tubular Pi
      reabsorption through an effect that occurs at the brush border membrane.
      Furthermore, the administration of 1,25-D3 causes a reduction in renal cortical
      gluconeogenesis. The administration of a permissive dose of PTH is necessary for
      these effects to occur.

PMID- 3838360
TI  - Coordinate regulation of mouse metallothionein I and II genes by heavy metals and
      glucocorticoids.
AB  - Regulation of the endogenous mouse metallothionein I and II (MT-I and MT-II)
      genes by heavy metals and glucocorticoids was studied in cultured mouse cells.
      Both mRNAs were measured simultaneously by solution hybridization with [3H]MT-I
      cDNA and [32P]MT-II cDNA, and the absolute amount of each mRNA was calculated by
      using a single-stranded M13 standard that contained both mRNA sequences. Both
      genes responded identically to different concentrations of metals (zinc, cadmium,
      and copper) and dexamethasone. Furthermore, the time courses of induction of both
      mRNAs were the same. However, under all conditions there was 1.2- to 1.9-fold
      more MT-I mRNA than MT-II mRNA. We conclude that both genes are regulated
      identically by receptors for glucocorticoids and metals but that the rate of
      transcription from the MT-I gene is slightly higher than from the MT-II gene.

PMID- 3838361
TI  - Charge transfer between fluorescein and tryptophan as a possible interaction in
      the binding of fluorescein to anti-fluorescein antibody.
AB  - Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence studies of fluorescein (Fl) and 9
      hydroxyphenylfluoron (HPF) bound to high-affinity rabbit anti-Fl IgG antibody
      (anti-Fl IgG) have been performed. The heterogeneity in the fluorescence
      properties observed for Fl bound to anti-Fl IgG is reduced for HPF bound to anti
      Fl IgG. A charge transfer between a tryptophyl residue in the binding site and
      the hapten was considered as a possible binding interaction. Fl was observed to
      form complexes in solution with the amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine and
      methionine, probably due to charge transfer. Also, the fluorescence of tryptophyl
      residues of the protein is quenched on binding. While such charge transfer
      complexes may be present, there is no direct evidence that charge transfer
      complexes between Fl and tryptophan are necessarily present for Fl bound to all
      high-affinity anti-Fl IgG molecules.

PMID- 3838362
TI  - Enhanced reactivation of UV-irradiated adenovirus 2 in HeLa cells treated with
      non-mutagenic chemical agents.
AB  - Treatment of HeLa cells with ethanol and sodium arsenite, compounds which are
      known to elicit the heat-shock response, before infection with UV-irradiated
      adenovirus 2 has been found to result in the enhanced reactivation of the damaged
      virus in a manner similar to that obtained by pre-irradiation or heating of the
      cells. Enhanced reactivation may be the result of the inhibition of DNA synthesis
      caused by these agents since hydroxyurea also produced a significant enhancement.

PMID- 3838363
TI  - Cancer risks in patients with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.
AB  - The incidence of malignant tumors and leukemia was analyzed in 829 patients with
      chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and in 829 individually age-matched and sex
      matched patients with colloid goiter. Diagnoses were based on cytologic studies
      of specimens obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. The patients were
      examined between 1959 and 1978 and were followed in the Swedish Cancer Register
      between 1959 and 1981. There was no increased risk for the total number of tumors
      in the thyroiditis group (53 observed vs. 52.7 expected) or in the colloid-goiter
      group (40 vs. 53.2, respectively; P not significant). There were six lung cancers
      in the thyroiditis group (2.9 expected, P not significant), and one in the group
      with colloid goiter. Patients with thyroiditis had an increased risk of
      myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative neoplasms (12 observed vs. 3.0
      expected, P less than 0.001). The risk of malignant thyroid lymphoma was greatly
      increased, with an estimated relative risk of 67 (4 observed vs. 0.06 expected, P
      less than 0.000001). There was no increased risk for any type of tumor among
      patients with colloid goiter.

PMID- 3838364
TI  - Clinical computing in a teaching hospital.
AB  - This report describes a hospital-wide clinical computing system that permits
      physicians, nurses, medical students, and other health workers to retrieve data
      from the clinical laboratories; to look up reports from the departments of
      radiology and pathology; to look up demographic data and outpatient visits; to
      look up prescriptions filled in the outpatient pharmacy; to perform bibliographic
      retrieval of the MEDLINE data base; to read, write, retract, edit, and forward
      electronic mail; and to request delivery of a patient's chart. During a one-week
      study period, from 300 video display terminals located throughout the hospital,
      818 patient care providers used a common registry of 539,000 patients to look up
      clinical and laboratory data 16,768 times; 477 other hospital workers used the
      patient registry 46,579 times. In a separate study of 586 health care providers,
      470 (80 per cent) indicated that they used computer terminals "most of the time"
      to look up laboratory results; in contrast, 48 (8 per cent) preferred printed
      reports. Of 545 hospital workers, 440 (81 per cent) indicated that the computer
      terminals definitely or probably made their work more accurate, and 452 (83 per
      cent) indicated that terminals enabled them to work faster. The large amount of
      use by clinicians and their judgment that the computer has been so helpful to
      them suggests that a reliable, comprehensive, and easy-to-use computer system can
      contribute substantially to the quality of patient care.

PMID- 3838365
TI  - Elevated plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations in infants with
      hypercalcemia and an elfin facies.
AB  - We measured plasma concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) in the
      course of a 6-to-37-month survey of four children with hypercalcemia and an elfin
      facies (Williams syndrome). Levels of 1,25-(OH)2D were elevated (160 to 470 pg
      per milliliter) during the hypercalcemic phase of the disease, when the children
      were five to nine months old, and they decreased thereafter. Plasma 1,25 (OH)2D
      levels were higher than those found in three children (16 to 60 months old) with
      the elfin facies syndrome and no hypercalcemia (42 to 71 pg per milliliter) and
      eight children (1 to 36 months old) with hypercalcemia and no dysmorphy (12 to
      140 pg per milliliter), including two children with vitamin D intoxication.
      Hypercalcemia in the three children with elfin facies was controlled by a low
      calcium diet. Serum calcium levels fell to the normal range, and plasma 1,25
      (OH)2D levels were normal for age (18 to 105 pg per milliliter) at 14 to 47
      months of age, even after appropriate therapy had been discontinued. These
      observations suggest that hypercalcemia may be the consequence of abnormal
      synthesis or degradation of 1,25-(OH)2D in children with the elfin facies
      syndrome.

PMID- 3838367
TI  - [Statistics and the microcomputer].

PMID- 3838366
TI  - Isolation and characterization of genomic and cDNA clones of human
      erythropoietin.
AB  - The glycoprotein hormone erythropoietin regulates the level of oxygen in the
      blood by modulating the number of circulating erythrocytes, and is produced in
      the kidney or liver of adult and the liver of fetal or neonatal mammals. Neither
      the precise cell types that produce erythropoietin nor the mechanisms by which
      the same or different cells measure the circulating oxygen concentration and
      consequently regulate erythropoietin production are known. Cells responsive to
      erythropoietin have been identified in the adult bone marrow, fetal liver or
      adult spleen. In cultures of erythropoietic progenitors, erythropoietin
      stimulates proliferation and differentiation to more mature red blood cells.
      Detailed molecular studies have been hampered, however, by the impurity and
      heterogeneity of target cell populations and the difficulty of obtaining
      significant quantities of the purified hormone. Highly purified erythropoietin
      may be useful in the treatment of various forms of anaemia, particularly in
      chronic renal failure. Here we describe the cloning of the human erythropoietin
      gene and the expression of an erythropoietin cDNA clone in a transient mammalian
      expression system to yield a secreted product with biological activity.

PMID- 3838368
TI  - Parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 affect the tissue concentrations
      of zinc in uremic rats.
AB  - The tissue concentration of zinc was studied in normal and uremic rats.
      Differences between the groups only reached significance when either parathyroid
      hormone or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were administered. Uremic rats having
      obtained these compounds showed a significantly higher concentration of zinc in
      their liver, whereas their serum content of zinc was decreased.

PMID- 3838369
TI  - Control of spasticity by implantable continuous flow morphine pump.
AB  - Continuous flow pumps are being used for the delivery of morphine sulfate to the
      intrathecal and epidural space for control of pain. We have encountered several
      patients who had a combination of pain and spasticity or who had spasticity so
      intense that it was the source of pain. One to two milligrams of intrathecal
      morphine dramatically relieved their spasticity and pain. Three such patients
      have subsequently undergone pump implantation with prolonged control of their
      spasticity. This has initiated a formal clinical investigation directed at
      determining the physiological mechanism of this phenomenon, as well as its long
      term efficacy.

PMID- 3838370
TI  - Bilateral mycotic aneurysms of the intracavernous carotid artery.
AB  - A rare case of bilateral intracavernous internal carotid artery aneurysms is
      presented. The clinical and laboratory data strongly suggested the mycotic nature
      of the aneurysms. Internal carotid artery ligation was performed because of
      clinical evidence of progressive enlargement of the right-sided aneurysm. The
      left-sided aneurysm was managed medically. It remained asymptomatic and, 14
      months later, a control angiogram showed no significant change in its size and
      configuration.

PMID- 3838371
TI  - The toxicity of non-ionic water-soluble contrast media in selective vertebral
      angiography. An experimental study in rabbits with special reference to the
      difference between monomeric and dimeric compounds.
AB  - Selective vertebral angiography was performed in 28 rabbits in order to compare
      the adverse effects of two monomeric (metrizamide, iohexol) and two dimeric
      (iodecol, 2-5410-3) non-ionic water-soluble contrast media. The dose was 2,5 ml
      and the iodine concentrations 300 mg per ml. Marked, but transitory changes were
      seen in the electrocardiographic and blood pressure recordings with all the
      contrast media and with no difference between them in this respect. The two
      monomers had a higher tendency than the dimers to cause spasm in the intracranial
      arteries. No serious complications were seen in the series.

PMID- 3838372
TI  - [The role of cytology by needle aspiration in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules.
      Examination of 179 cases].
AB  - Since May 1981, fine needle biopsies have been used for cytological examination
      of thyroid nodules that were barely or not recorded by scintiphotography. By
      February 1984, a total of 179 patients had been examined. The biopsies were
      repeated on 12 patients where the first sample produced no diagnostic material.
      In 57 cases, a histological control existed in the form of material removed
      surgically by enucleoresections, partial and total thyroidectomies. Histological
      examination confirmed the cytological diagnosis in 7 out of 8 cases (88%) of
      malignant neoplasias with varying degrees of differentiation. A cytological
      diagnosis of adenoma was reached in 80% of cases, and of nodular struma in 82% of
      cases. Microscopic aspects of the cases are described together with the
      consequent cytological diagnostic criteria, while the characteristics and
      importance of the technique are also discussed.

PMID- 3838373
TI  - Influence of gestational age on prediction of fetal lung maturity by fluorescence
      polarization of amniotic fluid.
AB  - Compared are the amniotic fluid fluorescence polarization values and the neonatal
      outcomes of 201 pregnant women who delivered from 28 through 37 weeks of
      gestation within 48 hours of the fluorescence polarization determinations. Thirty
      five neonates developed hyaline membrane disease. The corresponding fluorescence
      polarization values ranged from 0.275 to 0.391. Eight of those 35 tests results
      were less than 0.325. The predictiveness of the method was studied using
      different threshold fluorescence polarization values. At the authors' own
      threshold of less than or equal to 0.325, the overall predictive value was as
      follows: false mature predictions: 6.2%, false immature predictions: 62.5%,
      sensitivity: 77.1%, and specificity: 72.8%. However, the false mature prediction
      rate was 21 to 40% from week 28 through week 33 versus 3.4 to 5.8% from week 34
      through week 37, depending on the selected cutoff fluorescence polarization
      value. The sensitivity and specificity before, at, or after week 34 were
      significantly different at all tested fluorescence polarization values (P less
      than .05 to P less than .01) with the exception of the sensitivity at 0.310 and
      at 0.316 (P = .057). Caution is advised against relying on the fluorescence
      polarization method to predict fetal lung maturity at least before 34 weeks of
      gestation.

PMID- 3838374
TI  - Management of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis with intermittent ketoconazole
      prophylaxis.
AB  - In an open prospective study, 40 women with severe recurrent vulvovaginal
      candidiasis were treated with ketoconazole 400 mg daily for two weeks, followed
      by prophylactic ketoconazole 400 mg daily for five days with onset of menses for
      three menstrual cycles. Initially, 100% of the women responded clinically,
      however, 24.3% developed recurrence of symptomatic candidal vaginitis during the
      period of cyclical prophylaxis. By the end of six months observation, 56.8% of
      the patients' symptoms had recurred; however, symptomatic recurrence during the
      next six months was uncommon. The clinical attack rate of symptomatic episodes
      was significantly reduced during the one-year observation. One patient developed
      reversible mild hepatitis on therapy. No evidence emerged that topical genital
      therapy of male partners was beneficial in reducing vaginal candida
      recolonization. Maintenance prophylactic therapy with oral ketoconazole appears
      effective in preventing recurrent episodes of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

PMID- 3838375
TI  - [Quantitative changes in histones during the formation of structures
      characteristic of the male pronucleus in mammalian spermatozoa in vitro].
AB  - Treatment of bull spermatozoa with DDC--Na/dithiothreitol results in the swelling
      and decondensation of nuclear chromatin. The structures formed at the final
      stages of decondensation are morphologically similar to the male pronucleus.
      Cytophotometric analysis has shown that decondensation of chromatin in the
      gametes in followed by quantitative changes of basic nuclear proteins. In partly-
      decondensed sperm nuclei the intensity of histone staining increases as a result
      of the appearance of extra reactive groups. In fully decondensed nuclei there
      remain only 54% of histones of the original haploid level. Nucleoproteins
      revealed in the sperm with fully dispersed chromatin must be histones of the
      somatic type.

PMID- 3838376
TI  - Neodymium: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy: the first 100 cases at UCLA.
AB  - Initial anatomic success was reported in 97 of the first 100 neodymium: YAG laser
      posterior capsulotomies performed at the Jules Stein Eye Institute. Visual acuity
      improved in 90 patients, was unchanged in five, and decreased in five. In the
      five patients with decreased visual acuity after posterior capsulotomy, the
      decrease was unrelated to capsulotomy and caused by progression of preexisting
      retinal disease. Our experience suggests that attention to patient evaluation and
      surgical technique can help minimize complications and assure best results.

PMID- 3838377
TI  - Current trends in orbital decompression.
AB  - A questionnaire was sent to members of the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic
      and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS) and the Orbital Society in regard to
      indications, surgical techniques and results of orbital decompression for Graves'
      disease. It was found that more than 60% of orbital decompressions were performed
      for mild to severe exophthalmos to correct corneal exposure or disfigurement. A
      total of 3.9% of these procedures were performed to relieve visual loss in
      compressive neuropathy. The large majority of decompressions were performed using
      antral-ethmoidal decompression via a translid or fornix approach. The amount of
      retrodisplacement was greatest with Kennerdell-Maroon or four-wall decompression
      and the least with lateral wall decompression. The antral-ethmoidal and three
      wall decompression techniques gave an average of 4 to 6 mm of retrodisplacement.
      It was determined from the survey that antral-ethmoidal decompressions performed
      through the transantral approach were more likely to relieve the pressure in
      compressive neuropathy and also more likely to induce a worsening of muscle
      balance. In contrast, antral-ethmoidal decompressions performed via the translid
      approach were not as effective in relieving compressive neuropathy but had a much
      lower incidence of worsened muscle balance, and in fact, resulted in a higher
      incidence of improved muscle balance. The same trends were confirmed in the
      author's surgical practice, and an anatomic explanation is offered. The
      importance of creating nasoantral windows following decompression is emphasized.
      The risks of cerebrospinal fluid leakage and changes in eyelid positioning
      following decompression are described.

PMID- 3838378
TI  - A BASIC computer program for analysis of the Farnsworth 100-hue test.
AB  - A computer program in BASIC has been written which will compute all scores for
      the Farnsworth 100-hue test, and plot them in the appropriate colour on a polar
      co-ordinate graph. Hard copy can be obtained on a dot-matrix printer. The program
      is simple to use, and considerably curtails the analysis time for this test, as
      well as eliminating possible computational errors.

PMID- 3838379
TI  - Lactose intolerance and diarrhea: are they related?

PMID- 3838380
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 decreases alkaline phosphatase activity in cultures of
      embryonic chick tibiae.
AB  - The influence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on the alkaline
      phosphatase (AlPase) activity in cultures of chick embryo tibiae was determined.
      A dose-related, decreased release (30-47%) of AlPase from the bones was seen with
      the metabolite at 0.05-0.5 ng/ml of medium with a similar effect on the bone
      content of enzyme. The highest dose (1 ng/ml) decreased the bone content by 38%
      without further effect on AlPase release. Combining a low level of 1,25(OH)2D3
      (0.05 ng/ml) with parathyroid hormone (PTH, 1 U/ml) reduced release of enzyme
      additively, but caused no greater decrease in bone content of activity than PTH
      alone. No effects of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3, 0.5 ng/ml] on
      release or bone content of AlPase were found when this metabolite was added alone
      or in combination with PTH; however, 24,25(OH)2D3 did prevent the inhibition of
      release of AlPase when added with 1,25(OH)2D3. After a 1-day exposure to
      1,25(OH)2D3, continued incubation in metabolite-free medium resulted in an 89%
      increase in bone content of AlPase. The results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3, as well
      as PTH, may have regulatory roles in bone growth through their effects on AlPase.

PMID- 3838381
TI  - Fluprazine hydrochloride decreases copulation in male rats.
AB  - The copulatory performance of 18 sexually experienced male rats was tested 30 min
      after IP injection of the phenylpiperazine, Fluprazine Hydrochloride (4 and 8
      mg/kg), or saline solution. Three 20-min tests with an estrous female were
      conducted at weekly intervals. Each drug dose produced a significant depressive
      effect on copulatory behavior (latency to and frequency of intromissions and
      ejaculations) without affecting social investigation. The increased latencies to
      mounting and intromission observed at both doses suggest that the primary action
      of the Fluprazine Hydrochloride is to interfere with the transition from social
      to copulatory patterns. Although the drug's mode of action is currently unknown,
      the present findings suggest that it operates on some common mediator of sexual
      and aggressive behavior.

PMID- 3838382
TI  - On-line minicomputerized measurement of cardiopulmonary function on a breath-by
      breath basis.

PMID- 3838383
TI  - Responses of mouse lung to irradiation. 1. Alterations in alveolar surfactant
      after neutrons and X-rays.
AB  - Surfactant levels in the alveolus after X-irradiation are shown to be increased
      over a period of about 6-8 weeks. Although the increase in phospholipid in
      alveolar lavage commences shortly after irradiation, peak levels occur about 3
      weeks post-irradiation. The time course of the response was independent of
      radiation dose and quality but its magnitude was dose related with X-rays and
      neutrons being comparable in effectiveness (i.e. RBE approximately 1). Amounts of
      alveolar surfactant subsequently return to about control level and, during the
      period of radiation pneumonitis some 3-5 months post-irradiation, there is no
      indication of a further response by the surfactant system. Analysis of the amount
      of disaturated lipids in both lung tissue and alveolar lavage fluid suggests that
      increased surfactant levels are at least partly due to reduced turnover. Post
      radiation changes in alveolar lavage phospholipid composition were not detected.

PMID- 3838384
TI  - [Morphine metabolism in critical patients with need-directed peridural morphine
      infusion for the management of postoperative pain].
AB  - For constant analgesia after abdominal surgery, 34 patients (Group I) and 14
      patients under intensive care (Group II) received epidural morphine infusions at
      mean hourly rates of 0.23 +/- 0.04 mg morphine in the first hour to 0.01 +/- 0.0
      mg in the 50th hour, and 1.55 +/- 0.26 mg in the first hour to 0.20 +/- 0.08 mg
      in the 50th hour, respectively, after an initial bolus injection of 2 mg
      morphine. Whereas in Group I metabolized morphine immunoreactivity reached a
      plateau within 20 minutes which lasted until 8 p.m. on the operation day, in
      Group II a far higher plateau (p less than 0.001) was attained,--but only after
      some hours--which lasted until 8 p.m. on the first postoperative day. In the
      course of the treatment, concentrations of metabolized morphine immunoreactivity
      in serum and in urine decreased in both groups.

PMID- 3838385
TI  - Human dioxin-inducible cytochrome P1-450: complementary DNA and amino acid
      sequence.
AB  - Induction of cytochrome P1-450 has been linked to susceptibility to certain
      chemically induced cancers in mouse and man. Treatment of the human cell line MCF
      7 with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) results in high levels of aryl
      hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase (P1-450) activity. This cell line was
      used to isolate a human P1-450 full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) clone. The
      cDNA is 2566 nucleotides in length, encodes a polyadenylated messenger RNA (2.8
      kilobases in length), and has a continuous reading frame producing a protein with
      512 residues (molecular weight, 58,151). The human P1-450 cDNA and protein are 63
      percent and 80 percent similar to mouse P1-450 cDNA and protein, respectively.
      Whereas the mouse TCDD-inducible P-450 gene subfamily has two members (P1-450 and
      P3-450), the human TCDD-inducible gene subfamily appears to have only one gene
      (P1-450).

PMID- 3838386
TI  - Treatment of mycotic aneurysms.
AB  - Mycotic intracranial aneurysms may be treated by antibiotic therapy alone.
      Careful evaluation of this mode of treatment has been hampered by inadequate
      angiographic and microbiological documentation. The present case details the
      successful conservative management of one of these lesions in a patient who had
      previously undergone craniotomy for a separate mycotic aneurysm.

PMID- 3838388
TI  - [Development of a clinical tumor registry using the DATACORD program package].
AB  - During the establishment of a new radiooncologic department in a general
      hospital, a clinical tumor register has been developed for internal patient
      documentation. The authors describe the general requirements which had to be
      fulfilled by this tumor register as well as the reasons leading to the purchase
      of a commercial program package adapted to an irradiation planning system. The
      structure of the programs and the specification of characteristics are defined.
      Finally some aspects of organisation regarding the use of the register are
      mentioned.

PMID- 3838387
TI  - Cardiotoxicity study of amsacrine in rats.
AB  - The cardiac functional and tissue changes produced by the antineoplastic agent,
      amsacrine, were evaluated in CD male rats. Amsacrine was administered
      intraperitoneally to groups of 12 male rats in single weekly doses of 12, 6, and
      3 mg/m2 for 13 weeks. The drug elicited target organ toxicity in the bone marrow,
      lymphoid tissue, and gonads. There were blood biochemical alterations with
      transient elevations of total serum creatine phosphokinase, creatine
      phosphokinase-MB fraction, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase
      levels at 12 mg/m2, suggesting myocardial damage; however, there was no
      associated pathologic evidence of cardiotoxicity. This study indicates that
      amsacrine has negligible cardiotoxicity in rats when administered weekly for 13
      weeks even at the lethal dose levels.

PMID- 3838389
TI  - Transscleral laser cyclocoagulation.

PMID- 3838390
TI  - Laser iridotomy.

PMID- 3838391
TI  - New laser systems and their potential clinical usefulness.

PMID- 3838392
TI  - Ivermectin in fly strike.

PMID- 3838393
TI  - Persistence of dead Ostertagia ostertagi in the abomasal mucosa following
      anthelmintic treatment.
AB  - Anthelmintic trails, conducted with albendazole, fenbendazole and ivermectin for
      efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes, principally inhibited early fourth
      larval stages of Ostertagia ostertagi in naturally infected cattle. Cattle wee
      slaughtered seven to 20 days after treatment. O ostertagi was the predominant
      abomasal nematode recovered with occasional small numbers of Haemonchus species
      and Trichostrongylus axei. Control calves uniformly had very large O ostertagi
      infections, primarily early fourth stage larvae. Viable surviving worms and
      variable numbers of dead and degenerate worms were recovered in abomasal contents
      and washings. These O ostertagi larvae and adults were characterised by adherent
      debris or proteinaceous material, degenerated cuticles and distortion of internal
      structures. This study demonstrated the necessity for proper timing of slaughter
      for anthelmintic trial evaluation to allow clearance of dead nematodes,
      specifically O ostertagi larvae which are sequestered in the abomasal glandular
      tissue. Nematode collection within seven to 12 days after treatment will include
      dead and degenerate larval nematodes. The peripheral coating of larvae was
      suggestive of the Splendore-Hoeppli effect which has been associated with
      immunological responsiveness. The antigenic stimulus for this material and the
      lymphocyte and eosinophil infiltration was suspected to be early fourth stage O
      ostertagi larvae within the mucosa but was not identified definitively.

PMID- 3838394
TI  - [Prognostic value of the initial remission during chemotherapy of patients with
      lymphosarcoma].
AB  - A study of the results of the first course of chemotherapy of 443 previously
      untreated patients with lymphosarcoma pointed to the predictive value of the
      extent and duration of the first remission, particularly in cases of blastic
      forms of lymphosarcoma. It was found that no significant increase in survival
      time can be obtained unless remission is complete. No significant difference in
      survival time was observed in cases of partial remission or ineffective primary
      therapy.

PMID- 3838396
TI  - The cochlear implant: help for the profoundly deaf.

PMID- 3838395
TI  - [Automatic and semiautomatic contour finding of the left ventricle in the 2
      dimensional echocardiogram. In vitro studies in formalin-fixed swine hearts].
AB  - In order to test semiautomatic and automatic contour finding procedures in 2
      dimensional echocardiograms we determined endocardial borders in 42 short-axis
      slices of post-mortem animal hearts after interactive image enhancement such as
      scaling, normalisation and linearisation of grey levels semiautomatically and
      automatically by a complex contour finding algorithm. The areas calculated on the
      basis of these semiautomatic and automatic procedures were compared with "true"
      anatomic areas derived from planimetry. The complex computer algorithm is based
      on the detection and analysis of grey level gradients. The algorithm first
      creates a raw contour which still contains intra- and extracavitary artefacts as
      well as interrupted endocardial strings. Using a statistical iterative
      classification procedure and a least-square polynomial approximation the
      endocardial strings were structured, completed and smoothed and the artefacts
      eliminated. We were able to determine endocardial contours by semiautomatic
      methods in 33 (79%) and by automatic procedures in 30 (73%) of the
      echocardiograms. The correlation between semiautomatic and "true" contours was r
      = 0.97; y = 1.01x-0.46; standard error of the estimate (SEE) 0.51 cm2, between
      automatic and "true" contours r = 0.98; y = 0.99x - 0.31; SEE 0.43 cm2; the
      correlation parameters between the anatomic "true" areas and the areas calculated
      on the basis of manually derived borders were r = 0.98; y = 0.97x - 0.05; SEE
      0.45 cm2. From our studies we conclude that left ventricular endocardium in short
      axis slices of postmortem animal hearts could reliably and reproducibly be
      detected by semiautomatic as well as by automatic procedures using a contour
      finding algorithm.

PMID- 3838397
TI  - Proceedings of the International Symposium on Molsidomine. November 5, 1983,
      Brussels, Belgium.

PMID- 3838398
TI  - Effect of molsidomine on cardiac preload, coronary artery diameter, and coronary
      resistance.
AB  - The vascular and hemodynamic effects of a single intravenous bolus injection of
      molsidomine (100 micrograms/kg) were studied in six chronically instrumented,
      conscious dogs. At this dose only a minimal, short-term effect on peripheral
      resistance was observed. However, there was a pronounced dilation of peripheral
      veins and a simultaneous increase of effective vascular compliance of more than
      60%. At the same time, central blood volume decreased significantly (17%).
      Because of preload reduction, left ventricular end-diastolic volume and pressure
      decreased significantly for more than 1 hour. A significant increase of large
      coronary artery diameter (up to 7% occurred simultaneously. Coronary resistance
      vessels were not affected. All effects reached a maximum between 15 and 30
      minutes and were observed for at least 4 hours. We conclude that molsidomine
      exerts a long-lasting effect on the large coronary arteries and on the peripheral
      venous system. As a result of the combined effects on cardiac preload and on
      epicardial artery conductance, the myocardial oxygen supply and the supply/demand
      ratio will be improved.

PMID- 3838399
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of molsidomine in humans.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of molsidomine were investigated in the plasma and urine of
      healthy male volunteers and patients with coronary heart disease after
      intravenous and/or oral administration of different galenic dosage forms of
      molsidomine. Following the rapid attainment of mean peak concentration (15 +/- 7
      mg/ml) 0.5 to 1.0 hour after single oral dosing of 2 mg of molsidomine, the
      plasma levels of the unchanged drug decline monoexponentially with a mean half
      life of 1.6 +/- 0.8 hours. Molsidomine is absorbed almost completely. Its
      absolute bioavailability (44 +/- 15%) and a 14C-labeled triale give evidence of
      quick biotransformation of molsidomine to active metabolites. Less than 2% of the
      unchanged drug appear in the urine, but renal excretion is the main route of
      elimination of the metabolites in humans (90% to 95%). The kinetics parameters
      after administration of multiple dosages of 4 mg of molsidomine over 29 days do
      not account for accumulation of or enzyme induction by molsidomine. The finding
      of obvious good correlations between plasma levels of the predrug molsidomine and
      corresponding pharmacodynamic data can be made plausible by the time course of
      concentration values of the active metabolite SIN-1 in plasma.

PMID- 3838400
TI  - Relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of molsidomine and its
      metabolites in humans.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic properties and hemodynamic effect of molsidomine and its
      pharmacologically active metabolite SIN-1 were investigated in 13 healthy
      volunteers following single oral doses. Hemodynamic changes were measured by
      finger plethysmography (peripheral arterial resistance), impedance
      plethysmography (venous distensibility), heart rate, and blood pressure. Plasma
      concentrations of molsidomine, SIN-1, and SIN-1C were measured by means of high
      pressure liquid chromatography. Oral administration of rapidly dissolving tablets
      of molsidomine (2 tablets of 4 mg), a sustained-release form of molsidomine (8
      mg), and SIN-1 (4 mg) caused an increase of the a/b ratio of the finger
      plethysmogram and an increase of the venous distensibility. Heart rate and blood
      pressure remained unaffected. The time course of the peripheral arterial effect
      mimicked the time course of plasma concentrations of molsidomine and SIN-1.
      Similar to the results in animals, molsidomine was metabolized in humans to SIN-1
      and subsequently degraded to the inactive metabolite SIN-1C. The kinetic profile
      of both metabolites could be followed in the plasma. The rate-limiting step in
      the metabolic sequence of molsidomine was found to be enzymatic hydrolysis and
      decarboxylation of molsidomine to SIN-1. Concentration-response curves of the a/b
      ratio of the finger plethysmogram showed that the plasma concentrations required
      to produce a definite effect are much higher for molsidomine than for SIN-1. This
      shows that the pharmacodynamically active form of molsidomine in humans is the
      metabolite SIN-1. The changes in the finger plethysmogram produced by SIN-1
      suggest that in addition to the effect on the venous site, SIN-1 also dilates the
      peripheral arterial site.

PMID- 3838401
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of molsidomine, isosorbide dinitrate, and nifedipine at rest
      and during exercise.
AB  - In the first study the hemodynamic effects of standard doses of molsidomine (2 mg
      intravenously), isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) (5 mg sublingually), and nifedipine
      (20 mg sublingually) were assessed at rest and under exercise conditions in a
      group of 30 patients with coronary heart disease. With the patients at rest both
      molsidomine and ISDN were associated with prompt reductions in left ventricular
      end-diastolic pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure, whereas nifedipine was
      associated with slight reductions in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and
      mean pulmonary artery pressure that did not attain statistical significance.
      Nifedipine and ISDN caused a decrease in mean aortic blood pressure, which
      resulted in a reactive increase in heart rate that was only significant with
      nifedipine. After administration of molsidomine, there was no significant change
      in mean aortic pressure at rest. There were reductions in stroke volume index and
      cardiac index after administration of molsidomine and ISDN. Nifedipine, however,
      was associated with significant increases in stroke volume index and cardiac
      index. None of the three test substances caused changes of contractility
      parameters. Under exercise conditions reductions in left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure, mean pulmonary pressure, and mean aortic pressure were
      documented following administration of molsidomine, ISDN, and nifedipine. There
      were no major changes in maximum heart rate or stroke volume index during
      exercise with any of the three drugs. However, nifedipine was associated with a
      significant increase in cardiac index, whereas molsidomine and ISDN produced no
      major changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3838402
TI  - Effects of molsidomine on regional contraction and global function of the left
      ventricle.
AB  - Fifteen consecutive patients (mean age 54 years) with proven coronary heart
      disease were studied with radionuclide ventriculography. After resting and
      exercise control studies, repeat studies were performed after administration of 4
      mg of molsidomine sublingually and again after administration of 10 mg of
      metoprolol intravenously. Rest to exercise ejection fraction (EF) decreased
      significantly. This was significantly attenuated by molsidomine and by
      metoprolol. In a subset of nine patients with exercise ischemia, EF showed
      significant (p less than 0.05) improvement after molsidomine administration (46.7
      +/- 13.7% to 57.1 +/- 16.7%), which was diminished to 54.4 +/- 10.5% after
      metoprolol administration. In the subgroup without exercise ischemia, molsidomine
      increased the EF to a lesser extent (47.3 +/- 12.7% to 52.6 +/- 13.4%, p less
      than 0.05). After administration of metoprolol the EF decreased below the control
      level (44.4 +/- 10.6%). Regional Fourier amplitudes accentuated the differences
      between the two groups. We conclude that molsidomine and metoprolol improve left
      ventricular function in patients with coronary heart disease and ischemia during
      exercise. In patients with reduced left ventricular function without signs of
      ischemia, molsidomine improves function as well and should be used additionally,
      if beta blockers are indicated for other reasons.

PMID- 3838403
TI  - Evaluation of the effects of molsidomine by cardiac equilibrium blood pool
      scintigraphy.
AB  - We have used equilibrium gated blood pool scintigraphy to evaluate the
      hemodynamic effects and duration of action of molsidomine, a new peripheral
      vasodilator antianginal drug, after sublingual administration (4 mg) in five
      patients with heart failure. The following parameters were studied at rest and
      10, 60, and 240 minutes after drug administration: left and right ventricular
      ejection fractions, end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, stroke volume, heart
      rate, and cardiac index. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were determined
      by cuff measurement. Statistically significant (p less than 0.05) changes were
      observed after 10 minutes for left ventricular ejection fraction (+26.2%), left
      and right end-diastolic volume (-12.4% and -15.2%), left ventricular end-systolic
      volume (-15%), and cardiac index (+7.9%); after 60 minutes for left ventricular
      ejection fraction (+49%), left ventricular systolic volume (+30.5%), cardiac
      index (+29.7%), systolic blood pressure (-7.9%), and right ventricular end
      diastolic volume (-14.3%); and after 240 minutes for cardiac index (+23.9%),
      systolic blood pressure (-6.3%), and right ventricular ejection fraction
      (+23.1%). No changes in heart rate were observed. No patient experienced any side
      effect. We conclude that the hemodynamic improvement observed with molsidomine
      can be prolonged and results both from preload and afterload reduction.

PMID- 3838405
TI  - Effects of molsidomine on left ventricular dimensions and cardiac function in
      patients with chronic heart failure.
AB  - The effects of molsidomine were studied in seven patients with refractory
      congestive heart failure by means of two-dimensional echocardiography. Four
      milligrams of molsidomine or placebo was sublingually administered in a double
      blind crossover manner. End-diastolic dimension, end-systolic dimension, and mean
      velocity of circumferential fiber shortening were measured just below the mitral
      valve before drug or placebo administration and 1 hour later. No significant
      changes were observed with placebo. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were
      not significantly modified with Molsidomine (80 to 83 bpm and 100 to 97 mm Hg,
      respectively). The reduction in end-diastolic dimension (67 to 61 mm; 9%; P less
      than 0.01) was slightly greater than the decline in end-systolic dimension (59 to
      54 mm; 8%; p less than 0.01). The mean velocity of circumferential fiber
      shortening increased from 0.4 to 0.5 sec-1 but did not achieve statistical
      significance. Thus sublingual administration of molsidomine in patients with
      chronic heart failure reduces end-diastolic more than end-systolic dimension
      without effect on blood pressure, suggesting a predominant action on cardiac
      preload.

PMID- 3838404
TI  - Hemodynamic and coronary effects of molsidomine at basal state, during atrial
      pacing, and during cold pressor test in patients with stable angina pectoris.
AB  - Heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), coronary sinus blood flow (CSF), left
      ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
      (LVEDP), mean arterial (MAP), and coronary arteriovenous difference for oxygen
      (AVDcO2) were measured in patients with stable angina pectoris without cardiac
      failure before and 40 to 60 minutes after administration of 2 or 3 mg of
      molsidomine. In 20 patients these measurements were made in basal state during
      spontaneous rhythm. In eight of these patients (including three receiving beta
      blockers) the measurements were made during atrial pacing. In eight other
      patients, all receiving long-term beta-blocker therapy, the measurements were
      made during cold pressor test. At the basal state in spontaneous rhythm, a
      gradual reduction in the LVSP to 70% or less of its initial value was observed in
      four patients receiving 3 mg of molsidomine (two of whom received beta-blocker
      treatment). The LVSP was immediately restored by vascular filling. In the 16
      other patients molsidomine decreased LVSP, LVEDP, MAP, CO, and double product (DP
      = LVSP X HR). The AVDcO2 was unchanged. CSF and myocardial oxygen uptake index
      (MVO2 = CSF X AVDcO2) were decreased. During atrial pacing, hemodynamic and
      coronary effects were similar to those seen in the basal state. During the cold
      pressor test, the increases in LVSP, MAP, and LVEDP were significantly reduced by
      molsidomine. The variations in CSF and coronary resistance (MAP/CSF) were also
      significantly different after administration of molsidomine, with better
      metabolic regulation of the coronary circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3838406
TI  - Active and passive changes in coronary diameter after vasodilation with SIN-1,
      the active metabolite of molsidomine.
AB  - The vasodilating effects of intracoronary injections of 0.4 mg of SIN-1, the
      active metabolite of molsidomine, on epicardial coronary arteries and coronary
      stenoses were evaluated in 14 patients with coronary artery disease in a double
      blind, randomized fashion vs placebo. Nine additional patients with well defined
      coronary stenoses received 0.4 mg of SIN-1 as well. Diameter changes of
      nonstenotic coronary arteries in proximal, medial, and distal coronary segments
      as well as changes of the residual luminal diameters within coronary stenoses
      were determined before (K), immediately after (M1), and 10 minutes after (M2)
      intracoronary administration of SIN-1. Aortic pressures and heart rate were
      monitored continuously. After administration of SIN-1, the diameters of
      nonstenotic coronary arteries increased in proximal segments by 9.4% (M1) and
      11.7% (M2), in medial segments by 17.9% (M1) and 17.6% (M2), and in distal
      segments by 25.6% (M1) and 28.8% (M2). Within coronary stenoses the residual
      luminal diameters showed mean increases of 31.5% (M1) and 48.3% (M2). Placebo
      administration did not alter coronary diameters significantly. Aortic pressure
      and heart rate did not change after administration of SIN-1 or placebo. SIN-1
      effectively dilates nonstenotic and stenotic coronary segments, as do nitrates
      and calcium channel blockers. By intracoronary injections, the direct effects on
      coronary vessels can be evaluated without interference with systemic effects. The
      increase in the residual luminal diameters within dynamic coronary stenoses after
      administration of SIN-1 is probably an important antianginal mechanism also for
      molsidomine.

PMID- 3838407
TI  - The new long-acting coronary artery dilator molsidomine and its metabolite SIN-1.
AB  - We studied the effects of intracoronary injections of SIN-1 (0.8 mg), the active
      metabolite of molsidomine, on coronary artery diameters and coronary stenoses. In
      nine patients with abnormal angiograms measurements were made 4 and 8 minutes
      after SIN-1 administration. There was a statistically significant increase in
      coronary luminal diameter in proximal, medial, and distal segments as well as at
      the level of the stenoses. At 4 minutes after administration distal segments
      showed a mean increase in diameter of 50%, compared to a mean increase of 26% in
      proximal segments. In six patients with normal angiograms SIN-1 abolished three
      of four coronary spasms induced by ergonovine maleate. A protective effect of SIN
      1 against the vasoconstrictor effects of ergonovine was still present at 8
      minutes after administration. Heart rate and blood pressure remained unchanged
      throughout the study. We conclude that the vasodilation induced by SIN-1 in
      normal and stenotic coronary arteries is probably an important contribution to
      the antianginal efficacy of molsidomine and suggests that molsidomine may be
      effective in the prophylaxis of variant angina.

PMID- 3838408
TI  - Prevention with molsidomine of coronary artery spasm caused by alkalosis.
AB  - A provocative test of coronary artery spasm caused by alkalosis was used to
      evaluate a possible anti-coronary artery spasm effect of molsidomine. The rapid
      infusion of an alkaline buffer followed by maximal voluntary hyperventilation in
      10 patients with angina at rest led to the appearance of anginal pain and
      significant, transient ischemic changes of the ST segment resulting from
      alkalosis-induced coronary spasm. A second provocative test was performed under
      the same conditions, 24 hours later, after the administration of 4 mg of
      molsidomine. Molsidomine prevented the development of coronary artery spasm in 8
      of the 10 patients in the study group. These preliminary results justify further
      clinical evaluation of molsidomine in the treatment of vasospastic angina.

PMID- 3838409
TI  - Molsidomine in the treatment of acute heart failure.
AB  - In this report we present the results of hemodynamic monitoring with a Swan-Ganz
      balloon catheter in 14 patients with heart failure associated with acute
      myocardial infarction, before and during 8 hours after a single oral dose of
      molsidomine (6 mg). Molsidomine induced the following changes: heart rate was
      reduced between 1.6% and 4.7% (significant at 4 hours, p less than 0.05);
      systolic blood pressure decreased 8.4% at 1 hour (p less than 0.05); pulmonary
      capillary pressure decreased approximately 30% (significant and lasting until 8
      hours after administration, p less than 0.002); cardiac index did not change
      significantly, although individual analysis showed an increase in 6 of 12 cases;
      stroke volume index increased by 6% (significant at 1 hour, p less than 0.025);
      and left ventricular stroke work index increased from 9.8% to 24.5% (significant
      at 1 and 4 hours, p less than 0.01 and 0.025). These findings show the beneficial
      hemodynamic effects of molsidomine in patients with heart failure complicating
      acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3838410
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of molsidomine in patients with heart failure following acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - The short-term hemodynamic effects of molsidomine (4 mg sublingually) were
      evaluated in 13 patients with congestive heart failure following acute myocardial
      infarction. Right heart catheterization was performed by means of a Swan-Ganz
      thermodilution catheter. Hemodynamic measurements were made 30, 60, 120, and 180
      minutes after the administration of the drug. Molsidomine significantly reduced
      systolic blood pressure from 121.5 +/- 3.3 (mean +/- SEM) to 111.1 +/- 2.9 mm Hg
      (p less than 0.001) after 60 minutes, mean right atrial pressure from 6.1 +/- 1
      to 2.6 +/- 0.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.0001), mean pulmonary arterial pressure from
      29.8 +/- 1.9 to 20.1 +/- 1.3 mm Hg (p less than 0.0001), and left ventricular
      filling pressure from 20.3 +/- 0.6 to 12.2 +/- 0.7 mm Hg (p less than 0.0001). No
      significant change occurred in heart rate, diastolic and mean blood pressure,
      cardiac index, stroke volume index, left ventricular stroke work index, systemic
      vascular resistance, and pulmonary vascular resistance. No side effects were seen
      after the administration of molsidomine.

PMID- 3838411
TI  - Solvent exposure from liquid sampling media.
AB  - Use of a personal sampling method using a toluene-based solution in a midget
      impinger led to the suspicion that it would result in toluene exposure to the
      worker. Field data from three workplaces indicate that in open environments, 8
      hour TWA toluene exposures range from 3.6 - 20.1 mg/m3 with a mean of 8.9 mg/m3.
      However, sampling in semi-confined spaces resulted in 8-hour TWA concentrations
      up to 189 mg/m3, or 50% of the NIOSH-recommended exposure limit (375 mg/m3). Use
      of this and similar wet sampling methods in confined spaces requires
      investigators to be aware of the degree of ventilation in the space; and suggests
      the need to predict potential exposures before sampling. The vapor pressure
      method is a rapid, safe and simple way to predict this potential exposure.

PMID- 3838412
TI  - Reliability of amniotic fluid surfactant measurements.
AB  - A proficiency study designed to assess interlaboratory precision of amniotic
      fluid surfactant measurements is presented. A total of 31 laboratories
      participated in the study. The assays includes lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio
      test, the measurement of phosphatidyl glycerol (PG), and the Lumadex-FSI test.
      L/S ratio values varied from "1.3" to over "5.0" on aliquots derived from the
      same pool. With only three exceptions, all PG values read as "positive." The
      interlaboratory agreement for the Lumadex-FSI assay was excellent. With the
      exception of two values of "46," all the other values were with "47" or "48."

PMID- 3838413
TI  - Feeding intolerance following ophthalmologic examination.
AB  - Reports of isolated cases of necrotizing enterocolitis following administration
      of mydriatric medication and ophthalmologic examination prompted a comparison of
      the incidence of feeding difficulties 24 hours before and 24 hours after the
      ophthalmologic examination of 50 newborns. All infants had received
      cyclopentolate hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride before the
      examination. A critical review of the nursing notes showed more abdominal
      distention and gastric aspirates in the period following the examination than in
      the period preceding the examination. One infant developed necrotizing
      enterocolitis during the 24-hour postexamination period. This study demonstrates
      the risk of feeding intolerance following the ophthalmologic examination of
      neonates. These risks may be due to the known side effects of the mydriatics, to
      the physical stress of the examination, or to a combination of both factors.

PMID- 3838414
TI  - Sucralfate: nonulcer uses. American College of Gastroenterology Committee on FDA
      Related Matters.
AB  - Recent studies have shown sucralfate to have cytoprotective features in addition
      to its known antipepsin and antacid effects. This drug has been shown in limited
      studies to prevent gastric salicylate injury with pretreatment. A role for
      sucralfate in the nonulcer population, patients with gastritis, esophagitis,
      stomatitis, while promising, has not been clearly established and needs to be
      defined with further studies.

PMID- 3838415
TI  - Creatinine clearance estimation from serum creatinine values: an analysis of
      three mathematical models of glomerular function.
AB  - The logarithmic relationship of serum creatinine and creatinine clearance was
      analyzed in 100 adult patient studies using a geometric regression technique.
      Each sex was independently analyzed, and the subsequently derived regression
      formulae were age corrected resulting in mathematical models useful in estimating
      creatinine clearance from serum creatinine concentrations. These formulae were
      tested prospectively in another group of 100 patient studies in which creatinine
      clearance had been determined, and the results compared to values derived by use
      of two other published formulae. This newer method resulted in a closer
      distribution of data around a line of identity compared to other formulae and
      allowed for a good "bedside" estimation of creatinine clearance from serum
      creatinine concentration.

PMID- 3838416
TI  - Computer-assisted concurrent antibiotic review in a community hospital.
AB  - A computer-assisted program that monitors the appropriateness of antibiotic
      prescribing by matching microbiology reports and patient drug profiles is
      described. An antibiotic review committee in conjunction with the quality
      assurance department developed the computer-assisted antibiotic review program.
      An antibiotic order sheet was incorporated into the physicians' order form.
      Automatic stop dates were assigned according to the reason the antibiotic was
      ordered, e.g., surgical prophylaxis or documented infection. Numerous reports are
      generated from the data gathered from the physicians' order form. A
      drug/microbiology report is used to match patients' antibiotic drug profiles with
      their microbiology culture and sensitivity results. This report identifies all
      patients who have been receiving antibiotics for 72 hours or longer with
      sensitivities on file and mismatched sensitivity results. All mismatches that are
      considered important are investigated. Any actions taken are reported to the
      antibiotic review committee for peer review. The computer-assisted program has
      helped this hospital screen large populations of inpatients receiving
      antibiotics. The concurrent review of the drug/microbiology report has made it
      possible to detect within 24 hours, patients who are receiving antibiotics
      inappropriately. A computer can be used to perform daily concurrent antibiotic
      use review as a by-product of order entry by both the pharmacy and laboratory.

PMID- 3838417
TI  - Estrogen stimulates formation of lamellar bodies and release of surfactant in the
      rat fetal lung.
AB  - Estrogen has been shown to enhance the beta-adrenergic-receptor sites in rabbit
      lung tissue. Because of the possible relationship beta-adrenergic receptor and
      surfactant maturation, we studied the electron microscopic changes in type II
      cells of lung tissue of control as well as estrogen-treated developing rat
      fetuses. The amniotic sacs of 31 gravid rats, at day 15 to 21 of a 22-day
      pregnancy, were injected with either estradiol phosphate or saline solution or
      were not injected. The contralateral horn pregnancies acted as controls. In the
      noninjected and saline solution-injected controls multilamellar bodies started to
      be visible on day 18 and increased in number as well as size on days 18 and 19.
      On day 20, the process of release of the phospholipids into the alveolar cavities
      became apparent. After 48 hours of exposure to estradiol, there was a marked
      enhancement of the development of lamellar bodies, which were visible on day 17.
      The increase was both in number and in complexity. In the estradiol-injected
      animals, the release of the contents of the lamellar bodies into the alveolar
      cavity started 1 to 2 days earlier than in the control animals. There is an
      indication that propranolol injection decreases both the formation and the
      release of the phospholipids. We conclude that estrogen stimulates both the
      formation and the release of surface-active phospholipids in rat fetal lung
      tissue.

PMID- 3838418
TI  - Avascular zone in the macula in cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity.
AB  - Avascular zones in the maculas of 49 eyes of 33 patients aged 5 to 15 years with
      cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity were examined by fluorescein angiography.
      Twenty-three eyes of 18 subjects under 15 years of age who had been born at full
      term served as controls. The mean diameter of the avascular zones in the patients
      was 0.22 +/- 0.09 disk diameter, which was smaller than the diameter of 0.32 +/-
      0.05 disk diameter in the controls (P less than .001). The patient group was
      divided into those with avascular zones of 0.2 disk diameter or less, regarded as
      underdeveloped avascular zones, and those with zones of 0.21 disk diameter or
      more, considered well-developed avascular zones. In the first group, ocular
      manifestations in the active stage were statistically more severe than in the
      second group. Visual acuity was good in most patients in each group.

PMID- 3838419
TI  - Circadian rhythms of sleep and wakefulness in mice: analysis using long-term
      automated recording of sleep.
AB  - Circadian rhythms of wheel-running activity and polygraphically defined
      wakefulness, rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep were
      continuously observed in ten mice (Mus musculus) under both alternating light
      dark (LD 12:12) and continuous darkness (DD) conditions. Sleep-wake state was
      determined automatically using a computer-based method that allowed continuous
      recordings of from 60 to 280 days in duration. The sleep-wake state percentages
      (of the circadian cycle) thus obtained were in substantial agreement with other
      estimates for this or similar strains and showed no significant difference
      between LD 12:12 (wake 54.3%, NREM sleep 38.1%, REM sleep 7.6%) and DD (wake
      53.1%, NREM sleep 39.9%, REM sleep 7.0%) conditions. All 10 mice exhibited clear
      circadian rhythms in each of the three states and wheel-running activity under
      both lighting conditions for the entire duration of observation. Probability
      functions, computed using stationary sections of data from all 10 mice, showed
      distinct waveforms for all three states and wheel running. These waveforms were
      remarkably similar under entrained and free-running conditions. This
      documentation of sustained circadian rhythmicity in sleep-wake state throughout
      observations of unprecedented length contradicts the currently common assertion
      that circadian control of sleep state is weaker than that of activity.

PMID- 3838421
TI  - Severe bronchospasm following the use of atracurium in children.

PMID- 3838420
TI  - Review of meniscal injury and associated sports.
AB  - Meniscal injuries produce disability in a large portion of the population, and
      sports injuries are a common cause. Nicholas emphasized the importance of
      epidemiologic studies in an effort to better define the risk of various sports.
      There are significant regional differences in sports-related meniscal injuries
      depending upon the popularity of specific sports. Although publications in the
      European literature document some of these variations, there is little
      epidemiologic documentation of the variation in specific areas of the United
      States. Meniscectomies performed in Syracuse, New York, from 1973 to 1982 were
      reviewed. Sports-related meniscal injuries were tabulated and compared against
      all other causes. Our results indicate that the incidence of meniscal injury
      resulting in meniscectomy is 61 per 100,000 population. The sex ratio was three
      males to one female. Medial versus lateral meniscus injury was 81 versus 19%.
      Football had a 75% predominance of medial meniscectomy; basketball, 75%;
      wrestling, 55%; skiing, 78%; and baseball, 90%. Our data indicate that there are
      differences in the ratio of medial versus lateral meniscal disruption associated
      with specific sports activities. Medial meniscal injuries were, nevertheless,
      consistently more common in all of our categories except wrestling, where the
      frequency of lateral meniscal tear is nearly equal to that of medial meniscal
      tear. Additionally, the right knee is at a greater risk of meniscal injury in
      basketball than in other sports or the general population, and female skiers are
      at equal or greater risk of meniscal injury compared to male skiers.

PMID- 3838422
TI  - Interlaboratory variability in trace element analysis.

PMID- 3838423
TI  - Atracurium in a child with myotonic dystrophy.

PMID- 3838424
TI  - Chronic thyroiditis and mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - Mitral valve prolapse is more prevalent in patients with autoimmune diffuse toxic
      goiter, suggesting a possible etiologic association. The prevalence of mitral
      valve prolapse was determined in 75 patients with chronic lymphocytic
      thyroiditis, another autoimmune thyroid disorder, and in 50 healthy control
      subjects. Mitral valve prolapse was found in 31 of 75 (41%) patients with chronic
      lymphocytic thyroiditis and in 4 of 50 (8%) controls (odds ratio, 8.10; 95%
      confidence interval, 2.64 to 24.83; p less than 0.0005). The age-race adjusted
      odds ratio was 9.26 (95% confidence interval, 2.83 to 30.26; p less than 0.0005).
      No correlation between the prevalence of mitral valve prolapse and the presence
      of hypothyroidism, serum antithyroid antibodies, or the duration of chronic
      lymphocytic thyroiditis was found. The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse is
      substantially increased in patients with the autoimmune thyroid disorders.

PMID- 3838425
TI  - Programming pre-exercise snacks to prevent post-exercise hypoglycemia in
      intensively treated insulin-dependent diabetics.
AB  - Five intensively treated, insulin-dependent diabetics exercised for 45 minutes
      after fasting while receiving basal insulin injections. Plasma glucose
      concentrations remained stable during exercise but then declined, resulting in
      clinical hypoglycemia 1 to 2 hours later. Efficacies of three pre-exercise snacks
      in preventing the hypoglycemia were compared in a randomized crossover design.
      Orange juice, whole milk, and skim milk, each containing 13 g of carbohydrate,
      all prevented postexercise hypoglycemia. However, the more rapidly absorbed
      snacks, orange juice and skim milk, caused a greater increase in plasma glucose
      concentrations and the area under the glucose curve during exercise. From the
      recognized glucose profiles that occur after consumption of different
      carbohydrates, snacks as well as exercise and insulin can now be programmed for
      intensively treated, insulin-dependent diabetics. Because plasma glucose levels
      remain stable during exercise done after fasting and only fall late after
      exercise, a "lente" carbohydrate snack, such as whole milk, is an appropriate pre
      exercise snack.

PMID- 3838426
TI  - Tolerance of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1 to the cationic surfactant
      cetyltrimethylammonium bromide: role of the bioemulsifier emulsan.
AB  - Emulsan, the polyanionic heteropolysaccharide bioemulsifier produced by
      Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1, was found to enhance the tolerance of RAG-1
      cells to the toxic effects of the cationic detergent cetyltrimethylammonium
      bromide (CTAB). Emulsan-mediated tolerance was obtained with the purified
      deproteinated apoemulsan; ca. 9 micrograms of apoemulsan neutralized 1 microgram
      of CTAB. Deesterified apoemulsan was only half as effective in protecting the
      cells from CTAB toxicity. Tolerance was also mediated by the cell-associated
      emulsan minicapsule. Mutants lacking this capsule were more sensitive to CTAB
      than the corresponding parent. The growth of mutants and parent cells in mixed
      culture experiments demonstrated that the cell-associated polymer mediates CTAB
      tolerance in the early stages of growth. Once sufficient cell-free polymer has
      been released into the aqueous medium (ca. 0.5 micrograms/ml), this extracellular
      emulsan also plays a role in CTAB tolerance.

PMID- 3838427
TI  - Gene structure and nucleotide sequence for rat cytochrome P-450c.
AB  - Two clones from rat genomic libraries that contain the entire gene for rat
      cytochrome P-450c have been isolated. lambda MC4, the first clone isolated from
      an EcoR1 library, contained a 14-kb insert. A single 5.5-kb EcoR1 fragment from
      lambda MC4, the EcoR1 A fragment, hybridized to a partial cDNA clone for the 3'
      end of the cytochrome P-450c mRNA. This fragment was sequenced using the
      dideoxynucleotide chain termination methodology with recombinant M13
      bacteriophage templates. Comparison of this sequence with the complete cDNA
      sequence of cytochrome P-450MC [Yabusaki et al. (1984) Nucleic. Acids Res. 12,
      2929-2938] revealed that the EcoR1 A fragment contained the entire cytochrome P
      450c gene with the exception of a 90-bp leader sequence. The gene sequence is in
      perfect agreement with the cDNA sequence except for two bases in exon 2. A second
      genomic clone, lambda MC10, which was isolated from a HaeIII library, contains
      the missing leading sequence as well as 5' regulatory sequences. The entire gene
      is about 6.1 kb in length with seven exons separated by six introns, all of the
      intron/exon junctions being defined by GT/AG. Amino- and carboxy-terminal
      information are contained in exons 2 and 7, respectively. These exons contain the
      highly conserved DNA sequences that have been observed in other cytochrome P-450
      species. Potential regulatory sequences have been located both 5' to the gene as
      well as within intron I. A comparison of the coding information for cytochrome P
      450c with the sequence of murine cytochrome P3-450 and rat cytochrome P-450d
      revealed a 70% homology in both the DNA and amino acid sequence, suggesting a
      common ancestral gene. Genomic blot analyses of rat DNA indicated that the 3
      methylcholanthrene-inducible family of cytochrome P-450 isozymes is more limited
      in number compared to the phenobarbital-inducible isozymes. Cross-hybridization
      studies with human DNA suggest a high degree of conservation between rat
      cytochrome P-450c and its human homolog although gross structural differences do
      exist between the two genes.

PMID- 3838428
TI  - Canestick lesion of vellus hair in Netherton's syndrome.

PMID- 3838429
TI  - Pretibial myxedema associated with chronic thyroiditis.

PMID- 3838430
TI  - The practitioner's role in detection of adverse drug reactions.

PMID- 3838431
TI  - Successful management of Graves' disease in a patient undergoing regular dialysis
      therapy.
AB  - Classic Graves' disease associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor
      antibodies developed in a woman undergoing regular hemodialysis for uremia from
      chronic pyelonephritis. Her condition responded well to treatment initially with
      carbimazole and then an ablative dose of sodium iodide I 131 therapy. To our
      knowledge this is only the second documented case of hyperthyroidism in a patient
      with chronic renal failure, and it demonstrates that conventional forms of
      therapy are efficacious and safe.

PMID- 3838432
TI  - Bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome caused by Graves' disease.
AB  - We observed three patients in whom carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) developed in
      association with hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease). The course of one of these
      patients was marked by resolution of symptoms and electrophysiologic measures of
      CTS that paralleled the remission of Graves' disease after treatment with
      radioactive iodine. No other treatment of CTS was required or given. There may be
      a causal relationship between Graves' disease and CTS.

PMID- 3838433
TI  - Silent (painless) thyroiditis. Evidence of a geographic variation in frequency.
AB  - Recent reports suggest that 14% to 23% of thyrotoxic patients have silent
      (painless) thyroiditis, a newly described syndrome characterized by transient
      thyrotoxicosis with a low radioactive iodine uptake. A three-year review at a
      Brooklyn (NY) hospital showed only one definite and three possible cases of
      silent thyroiditis among 86 thyrotoxic patients. At most, 4% to 5% of thyrotoxic
      patients had silent thyroiditis. We suggest a geographic variation in this
      syndrome. Most cases and the largest series are from Japan and the Great Lakes
      area of North America. The latter may be related to increased iodine intake over
      many years in a previously endemic area of hypoiodidism and goiter, although
      other local factors may also be involved.

PMID- 3838434
TI  - Leiomyoblastoma associated with intractable hypercalcemia and elevated 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol levels. Treatment by hepatic enzyme induction.
AB  - A 42-year-old woman, with a previously resected jejunal leiomyoblastoma, was
      first seen with liver metastases 31/2 years after the tumor resection.
      Intractable malignant hypercalcemia appeared eight months later, together with
      renal insufficiency. No osteolytic lesions were detected. Levels of parathyroid
      hormone, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
      (1,25[OH]2D) were not useful in distinguishing between the hypercalcemia of
      malignancy and concurrent hyperparathyroidism. Despite renal insufficiency,
      hypercalcemia, and subtotal parathyroidectomy, the 1,25(OH)2D levels remained
      elevated, consistent with the speculation that a tumor product stimulated 1-alpha
      hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. Phenytoin and phenobarbital (enzyme
      induction therapy), in combination with phosphorus and glucocorticoids, appeared
      to be useful in controlling the hypercalcemia.

PMID- 3838435
TI  - Minute foci of Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome.

PMID- 3838436
TI  - Registry of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia.

PMID- 3838437
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Distinctive features of bone marrow biopsies.
AB  - Bone marrow biopsies from 30 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
      (AIDS), diagnosed according to accepted clinical criteria, were studied in order
      to determine if characteristic histopathologic features were present. The
      biopsies were compared with 20 biopsy specimens submitted from patients with
      fever of unknown origin or with known neoplastic disease, including four biopsies
      from patients with a history of narcotics addiction being treated in the
      methadone clinic, and with biopsies from three homosexual men who did not have
      AIDS. Characteristic biopsy features were recognized in 31 (86%) of 36 biopsy
      specimens from AIDS patients. Nineteen of 36 patients (53%) showed a distinctive
      pattern of hypercellularity in which hematic cells (immature granulocytic cells,
      megakaryocytes, eosinophils, and large lymphocytes) separated, but did not
      efface, fat cells; these cells were designated as "AIDS-pattern." Twelve
      specimens showed a less complete (probable-AIDS) bone marrow change. Reticulin
      fibers were increased in 28 of 36 biopsies.

PMID- 3838438
TI  - Pathologic appraisal of the thymus gland in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in
      children. A study of four cases and a review of the literature.
AB  - We studied the entire thymus gland by step-serial sections in four fatal cases of
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in children. The location,
      configuration, and blood vessels of the thymus gland were normal. The weight was
      reduced. There was severe depletion of both lymphocytes and Hassall's corpuscles.
      Because of the normal location, configuration, and blood vessels and the
      seemingly less severe lymphocytic depletion than is seen in congenital
      immunodeficiency syndromes and because of the clinical and epidemiologic
      features, we concluded that this syndrome in children represents AIDS. We
      postulated that the epithelial cells of the Hassall's corpuscles may be the
      primary site of thymic injury in AIDS.

PMID- 3838439
TI  - Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. Report of a case associated
      with necrosis.
AB  - We describe a case of a 21-year-old man who had a generalized lymphadenopathy and
      arthritis. Inguinal and cervical lymph nodes showed changes typical of sinus
      histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. Extensive coagulative necrosis of the
      intrasinusal histiocytes is described, a feature which, to our knowledge, is
      unreported previously.

PMID- 3838440
TI  - Massive thymic hyperplasia in an infant with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.
AB  - We report the clinical and postmortem findings in a newborn with Beckwith
      Wiedemann syndrome and pulmonary hypoplasia. The infant was found to have a
      massively enlarged thymus gland that apparently caused pulmonary hypoplasia and
      respiratory insufficiency. Massive hyperplasia of the thymus gland should be
      considered in the differential diagnosis of respiratory distress in the Beckwith
      Wiedemann syndrome.

PMID- 3838441
TI  - A morphologic grading scheme for membranous and respiratory bronchioles.
AB  - We describe a system for grading pathologic changes in the small airways. This
      system consists of determining a score of 0 to 3 using a set of pictorial
      reference standards for any or all of the following variables: wall inflammation,
      fibrosis, muscle hypertrophy, pigment deposition, epithelial goblet and squamous
      metaplasia, and intralumenal macrophages. Grading of this type is much faster and
      easier than formal morphometric analysis. This system has produced a good
      correlation with pulmonary function test abnormalities, indicating obstruction in
      cigarette smokers and has also been used to detect lesions produced by other
      inhaled agents such as mineral dusts.

PMID- 3838442
TI  - Sudden death from pericardial tamponade. Unusual complication of nonbacterial
      thrombotic endocarditis.
AB  - A ruptured myocardial infarct secondary to total coronary occlusion by a fragment
      of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis produced sudden, unexpected death in a
      nearly asymptomatic 82-year-old man who harbored two malignant neoplasms.

PMID- 3838443
TI  - Pathology of the heart in drowning.
AB  - Although ventricular fibrillation is a frequent cause of death in nearly drowned
      animals, the heart itself has never been studied in this condition. Working with
      a rabbit model, we have simulated the "near drowning" state and found that the
      heart undergoes some pathologic changes, including myocyte hypercontraction and
      hypereosinophilia. These changes may well account for the variety of arrhythmic
      disturbances that have been observed.

PMID- 3838444
TI  - Supravalvular aortic stenosis. Clinical and pathologic observations in six
      patients.
AB  - Supravalvular aortic stenosis with a mean pressure gradient of 101 mm Hg was
      encountered in six patients aged 1 1/2 to 12 years. Three patients had Williams
      syndrome. In two other patients the stenosis was familial. The
      angiographic/anatomic subtype of deformity was hourglass in four patients,
      diffuse in one, and membranous in one. Four patients are alive following
      successful surgical repair; the other two died without surgery. Microscopically,
      disorganized medial elements with fibrotic intima sometimes containing lacunae
      were observed in five cases; the one other had valvelike tissue only.
      Ultrastructurally, thick irregular elastic fibers, abundant swirling collagen,
      hypertrophied smooth-muscle cells, and scant ground substance characterized the
      medial tissue defect. Although hemodynamics during intrauterine development may
      predispose to localization of the stenosis to the supra-aortic valvar region, the
      cause for the mural dysplasia remains uncertain.

PMID- 3838445
TI  - Focal cytomegaly of the adult adrenal cortex. A rare variant of black adenoma.
AB  - A pigmented adrenocortical nodule was found incidentally in an adrenal gland
      resected for endocrine manipulation of breast carcinoma. The sharply
      circumscribed, nonencapsulated nodule was composed of cells with diameters as
      large as 95 micron. The cells had ample eosinophilic cytoplasm and contained much
      lipofuscin pigment. Electron microscopy disclosed tubulovesicular mitochondria,
      lipofuscin pigment, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and lipid without degenerative
      changes or intranuclear inclusions. This unusual lesion of adult adrenal glands
      is best considered as a rare variant of adrenocortical black adenoma.

PMID- 3838446
TI  - Multinucleated stromal giant cells of the uterine cervix.
AB  - We have studied two cases in which numerous, multinucleated giant cells were
      present as an incidental finding within the superficial stroma of the cervix. The
      cells exhibited varying degrees of nuclear atypia and resembled some of the cells
      found within fibroepithelial polyps of the lower female genital tract. Although
      the pathogenesis of the lesion is unknown, we believe that the lesion is
      nonneoplastic and probably represents an exaggeration of the nuclear atypia
      occurring within the superficial stromal cells of the lower female genital tract.
      These cells may be mistaken for malignant cells on histologic examination.

PMID- 3838447
TI  - Asbestos bodies found in infant lungs.

PMID- 3838448
TI  - Subset of fibroblasts defined by monoclonal antibody.

PMID- 3838449
TI  - Giant cell pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus.

PMID- 3838450
TI  - Cushing's syndrome.

PMID- 3838451
TI  - Cushing's syndrome. Screening methods in hospitalized patients.
AB  - We studied 18 patients with Cushing's syndrome and 25 patients in which Cushing's
      syndrome was excluded on follow-up to evaluate screening tests for Cushing's
      syndrome in hospitalized patients. Plasma cortisol values (at 8 AM) were found
      least helpful yielding 29% false-positive and 60% false-negative values. Diurnal
      variation of cortisol was present in 30% of patients with Cushing's syndrome and
      absent in 18% of patients without Cushing's syndrome. When corrected for total
      urinary creatinine, 24-hour urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids were specific (all
      patients without Cushing's syndrome had normal values) but not very sensitive
      (two of 12 patients with Cushing's syndrome had normal values). Similarly, 24
      hour 17-ketosteroids were of little help with 17% false-positive and 35% false
      negative values. Twenty-four-hour urinary free cortisol was both a sensitive and
      specific screening test for Cushing's syndrome (no false-positive and no false
      negative results). We conclude that urinary free cortisol is the most efficient
      screening method for Cushing's syndrome in hospitalized patients.

PMID- 3838452
TI  - Lymphoid hypophysitis in a patient with lymphoid thyroiditis, lymphoid
      adrenalitis, and idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis.
AB  - We describe the autopsy findings in a 24-year-old woman with a clinical picture
      of pituitary and adrenal insufficiency which had its onset shortly after a normal
      pregnancy and delivery of a normal infant, two years before the mother's death.
      There were heavy lymphocytic infiltrations of the adenohypophysis, thyroid, and
      adrenals as well as diffuse retroperitoneal fibrosis with numerous perivascular
      lymphocytic infiltrates. It is concluded that lymphoid hypophysitis probably
      represents the hypophyseal counterpart of other endocrine autoimmune disorders
      and that immune mechanisms may also play a role in the pathogenesis of the so
      called idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis.

PMID- 3838453
TI  - Nerve axons in carotid body hyperplasia. A quantitative study.
AB  - The nerve density, expressed as total length of nerve fibers per square
      millimeter of tissue section, was measured in both carotid bodies from five
      subjects free from cardiopulmonary disease and from eight subjects with carotid
      body hyperplasia. Six of the cases with enlargement of the carotid body had been
      exposed to chronic hypoxemia in life (due to panacinar pulmonary emphysema in
      five instances and the pickwickian syndrome in one case), and the other two cases
      had had systemic hypertension. The cases of carotid body hyperplasia showed an
      increased nerve density associated with the characteristic proliferation of
      elongated cells. These findings confirm that the proliferating cells in carotid
      body hyperplasia are both sustentacular and Schwann's cells, not fibroblasts, and
      suggest that these cells develop to support an increased number of nerve axons.
      The mechanisms by which two such different stimuli as chronic hypoxemia and
      raised intravascular pressure bring about an increased nerve density are obscure.

PMID- 3838454
TI  - Morphology of skeletal muscle in children. An assessment of normal growth and
      differentiation.
AB  - Muscle fiber size and relative proportion and size of type 1 and 2 fibers were
      studied in postmortem samples of diaphragm, rectus abdominis, quadriceps, and
      deltoid of 28 infants and children. The rate of fiber growth varied with age,
      muscle, and fiber type. Type 1 fibers were smaller than type 2 fibers in preterm
      and term neonates and histologic identification of pathologic type 1 fiber size
      disproportion may thus not be possible in the young infant. Isolated groups of
      type 1 fibers unaccompanied by other evidence of neuropathy may be seen in normal
      children and may reflect normal variation in motor unit innervation patterns.
      Definition of normal muscle growth provides a standard for evaluating diagnostic
      material and allows insight into normal neuromuscular maturation.

PMID- 3838455
TI  - Cellular distribution of cathepsin D in childhood tumors.
AB  - Cathepsin D is an acidic endopeptidase that has been found in the cytoplasm of
      neurons and other cells. To test the hypothesis that the cellular content or
      distribution of cathepsin D may serve as a marker of neuronal differentiation in
      childhood neoplasia, we performed an immunocytochemical study of the cathepsin D
      content of tumors that occurred in 49 pediatric patients. We found diffuse,
      moderate to heavy staining primarily in differentiating neurogenous tumors and
      minimal staining in one Wilms' tumor, one Ewing's sarcoma, and one
      rhabdomyosarcoma. Benign reactive histiocytes stained intensely in most tumors.
      We concluded that although the presence of cathepsin D in malignant cells is not
      diagnostic of neural tumors, it may serve as a marker for cellular maturation in
      neuroblastomas and as a marker of macrophage infiltration in human tumors.

PMID- 3838456
TI  - Aggressive fibromatosis of the breast.
AB  - Fibromatosis of the breast results in aggressive, infiltrative lesions with a
      propensity for local recurrence. We describe an unusual case of fibromatosis
      producing a growth resembling carcinoma in a 39-year-old woman. Recognizing this
      infrequently encountered condition is important to avoid unnecessary radical
      surgery.

PMID- 3838457
TI  - Filamentous Histoplasma capsulatum endocarditis involving mitral and aortic valve
      porcine bioprostheses.
AB  - We report a case of histoplasmosis capsulati endocarditis simultaneously
      infecting a mitral and aortic porcine bioprostheses. Histologically, the fungus
      demonstrated a diversity of morphologies, ranging from typical, intracellular, 2-
      to 5-micron yeast cells, to septate and branching hyphae, to bizarre hyphae with
      vesicular swellings. Cultures obtained from both valves were positive in four
      days. The combination of unexpected histologic appearance and rapid growth in
      culture may pose problems in diagnosis.

PMID- 3838458
TI  - Cellular breakdown within muscular arteries in hypercholesterolemic rats.
AB  - Adult male rats were fed a high-fat cholesterol, thyroid-suppressive diet for
      three months, after which the structure of the muscular arteries (coronary and
      tarsal pedis) was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The plasma
      cholesterol concentration was elevated when the animals were killed and a
      distinct ultrastructural finding was the presence of necrotic cells in the media
      of both the coronary and the tarsal pedis arteries. Medial smooth muscle cells
      contained multivesicular membranous bodies, and membranous material accumulated
      in the intercellular space of the arterial media. It is proposed that the
      membrane changes and cellular death within muscular arteries may primarily be due
      to the increased membrane cholesterol concentration of smooth muscle cells during
      hypercholesterolemia. Dietary saturated fatty acids may have a contributing
      effect on smooth muscle cell injury in the hypercholesterolemic state.

PMID- 3838459
TI  - Mineral oil lipogranulomata in liver and spleen. A study of 465 autopsies.
AB  - Lipogranulomata (LG) are commonly seen in human tissues but the location and
      significance of these lesions are incompletely documented. In a study of 465
      autopsies LG were found in 48% of livers and 46% of spleens. Hepatic LG were more
      common in portal tracts than adjacent to the terminal hepatic venules. There was
      a close correlation between hepatic LG in liver and in spleen. The incidence and
      severity of hepatic LG were higher in older adults, especially men. There was no
      evidence that LG caused hepatic dysfunction or portal hypertension. The absence
      of correlation with hepatic steatosis supports the suggestion that LG are
      secondary to mineral oil deposition rather than to steatosis.

PMID- 3838460
TI  - Malignant melanoma of the tongue following low-dose radiation.
AB  - A 47-year-old man had a spindly malignant melanoma of the tongue many years after
      low-dose radiation therapy for lichen planus. To our knowledge, only 12 melanomas
      of the tongue have been reported previously, and in none of these was radiation
      documented.

PMID- 3838461
TI  - Ependymoma-like tumor of the mesovarium.
AB  - We report a case of primary extramedullary ependymoma, arising from the
      mesovarium in a 47-year-old woman and discovered incidentally during routine
      hysterectomy for uterine leiomyomas. The tumor exhibited the light microscopic,
      immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of a typical ependymoma,
      including a prominent pseudorosette pattern, positive staining for glial
      fibrillary acidic protein, and electron microscopic visualization of microvilli,
      intermediate filaments, basement membranes, and long cytoplasmic processes. While
      the occurrence of subcutaneous ependymomas in the sacrococcygeal region and
      metastatic central nervous system tumors at various sites are familiar, we
      believe this case to be a rare example of a primary ependymoma arising in a
      different and unusual extramedullary location.

PMID- 3838462
TI  - Liposarcoma of the larynx.
AB  - To our knowledge, only seven cases of laryngeal liposarcoma have been reported in
      the English language literature. We add an eighth case and review the other seven
      cases. Our patient presented with a pedunculated mass arising from the left
      aryepiglottic fold and obstructing both the larynx and pharynx. The lesion has
      recurred locally three times in a period of four years. We discuss pathologic
      findings and management of this patient.

PMID- 3838464
TI  - Auditory capabilities of single-channel cochlear implant patients. Etiologic
      considerations.
AB  - The clinical audiometric test results from 53 postlingually deafened adults using
      the House single-channel cochlear implant were analyzed according to cause of
      deafness (otosclerosis, ototoxic drugs, meningitis, and trauma). With the
      exception of one measure, the routine clinical tests did not show a relationship
      between cause of deafness and performance with the cochlear implant. These
      findings suggest that, clinically, the single-channel cochlear implant is a
      viable prosthesis for patients with a wide variety of causes of deafness.

PMID- 3838463
TI  - Quantitative computed tomography of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Extraocular muscle
      and orbital fat in development of optic neuropathy.
AB  - Quantitative assessment of computed tomographic (CT) scans was performed on 98
      orbits of 49 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Extraocular muscle volume and
      orbital fat volume were determined, according to whether optic neuropathy was
      absent, had developed during follow-up, or was present at the time of scanning.
      No differences in muscle volume were found between the group already having optic
      neuropathy and the group in which optic neuropathy developed during follow-up.
      Both optic neuropathy groups, however, had significant increases in extraocular
      muscle volume compared with the group without optic neuropathy. The absolute
      amount of orbital fat was the same for all groups, but the relative amount of
      orbital fat tended to decrease as total orbital volume increased with development
      or presence of optic neuropathy. This study establishes a quantitative
      relationship between optic neuropathy and extraocular muscle enlargement in
      Graves' ophthalmopathy. Orbital fat, however, does not play an important role in
      the disease.

PMID- 3838465
TI  - A software package for administering and monitoring the Environmental Symptoms
      Questionnaire (ESQ-III).
AB  - The latest version of the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ-III) contains
      67 symptoms designed to allow researchers to evaluate a broad range of
      environmental stresses. We have developed an interactive computer software
      package that administers and monitors the ESQ-III. This package, written in a
      format maximizing clarity, provides consistency of administration from one test
      or day to another, checks for response inconsistencies, maintains subject
      motivation, provides feedback to the subject and allows an investigator to
      quickly inspect raw and computed results. Further, because there is no
      interaction between investigators and subjects, no experimenter bias can be
      introduced. This package can be adapted to almost any computer system having a
      CRT and at least one disc drive.

PMID- 3838466
TI  - [Treatment of ear mange in rabbits with ivermectin].

PMID- 3838467
TI  - Identification of intestinal cells responsive to calcitriol (1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol).
AB  - The location of intestinal cells taken from the base of the crypt to the tip of
      the villus responsive to calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) and the
      distribution of [3H]calcitriol within the intestinal epithelium has been
      determined in vitamin D-deficient rats. The calcitriol responses examined were
      CaBP (Ca2+-binding protein) levels as measured by immunodiffusion and alkaline
      phosphatase levels as determined cytochemically. Calcitriol had no effect on
      villus structure or on enterocyte kinetics. This made it possible to compare
      levels of CaBP and alkaline phosphatase activity in enterocytes at different ages
      in rats at known times after hormone injection. Cells from both the crypt and
      villus synthesized CaBP in response to calcitriol. Alkaline phosphatase activity
      was not detectable in crypt cells, although a pool of precursor was produced in
      these cells in response to calcitriol. Enzyme activity was increased in all
      villus cells in response to calcitriol, but the quantitative description of this
      effect was very different from that found for calcitriol effects on CaBP
      synthesis. Calcitriol injected into vitamin D-deficient rats was detected, within
      2h, in all cells of the crypt and villus. Most of the binding was to sites having
      a high affinity for the injected hormone.

PMID- 3838468
TI  - Molecular cloning of a bovine cathepsin.
AB  - A cDNA clone for a thiol endoproteinase has been isolated from a bovine heart
      cDNA library by using a mixture of 32 synthetic oligonucleotides as a
      hybridization probe. The inserted region is 672 base pairs in length. It contains
      a sequence encoding the C-terminal region of a protein that is homologous to rat
      liver cathepsins B and H and to plant thiol proteinases. In addition, it contains
      the sequence of 442 bases corresponding to the 3' untranslated region of the
      mRNA. The inserted region was used as a specific probe in RNA transfer analysis;
      the size of the mRNA encoding the thiol endoproteinase is estimated to be approx.
      1.7 kilobases. Thus, the maximum size of the encoded protein is about 350-400
      amino acids.

PMID- 3838469
TI  - Design of a new DNA-polyintercalating drug, a bisacridinyl peptidic analogue of
      Triostin A.
AB  - The synthesis of a new bifunctional compound in which two aminoacridine
      chromophores are linked by the bicyclic depsipeptidic backbone of des-N
      tetramethylTriostin A is described. The molecule, bis-[(9-acridinyl)-D-seryl-L
      alanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-valine] dilactone disulphide, structurally analogous to the
      antibiotic anti-tumour drug Triostin A, is shown to possess a high affinity to
      DNA and to act as a bis-intercalator on the basis of spectroscopic, viscosimetric
      and thermal-denaturation studies. This model constitutes the first attempt of a
      synergic association between a peptidic moiety that mimics a naturally occurring
      drug and aminoacridine, the two parts themselves each exhibiting a high affinity
      for the DNA target.

PMID- 3838470
TI  - Prevention of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in non-human primates by Zn
      protoporphyrin.
AB  - Non-human primates were used as a model of human neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia and
      its chemotherapeutic suppression. High levels of haem oxygenase activity were
      detected in the liver and the spleen of neonatal rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and
      cynomolgus (Macaca irus) monkeys. When 1-day-old neonatal animals were given a
      single injection of Zn-protoporphyrin (40 mumol/kg, subcutaneously), serum
      bilirubin levels declined to nearly normal adult levels within 24 h and remained
      suppressed throughout the postnatal period (12 days). This treatment inhibited
      the activities of haem oxygenase and biliverdin reductase in the liver and the
      spleen, without affecting that of the brain. Zn-protoporphyrin treatment did not
      alter the activity of brain biliverdin reductase or increase brain bilirubin
      levels. The biological disposition of Zn-protoporphyrin was examined by measuring
      the biliary and urinary excretion of the metalloporphyrin complex, as well as its
      uptake and deposition in blood cells and tissues. Biliary excretion of the
      metalloporphyrin was minimal (0.12% over a 28 h period), and no evidence was
      detected for the urinary excretion of Zn-protoporphyrin. However, the
      concentration of metalloporphyrin in erythrocytes increased over the duration of
      the experiment (11 days) to such an extent that 46% of the administered compound
      was taken up by the cells. It appeared that the molecular basis for the sustained
      suppression of haem oxygenase activity and bilirubin production by Zn
      protoporphyrin involved the release of the metalloporphyrin in the normal process
      of the degradation of fetal erythrocytes. The scope of the biological activity of
      Zn-protoporphyrin to alter haem-dependent processes appeared limited in nature,
      insofar as the microsomal contents of cytochrome P-450 and b5, as well as the
      aniline hydroxylase, were similar to those of the control animals. Also, the
      concentration of glutathione in the liver was unchanged. These findings suggest
      the potential usefulness of Zn-protoporphyrin in experimental and perhaps
      clinical conditions in which hyperbilirubinaemia occurs.

PMID- 3838471
TI  - Lipoxene: a new group of trihydroxy pentaenes of eicosapentaenoic acid derived
      from porcine leukocytes.
AB  - Incubation of porcine leukocytes with [1-14C]-15-hydroperoxyeicosapentaenoic acid
      (15-HPEPE) results in the formation of a group of polar metabolites which after
      separation and purification by RP-HPLC and SP-HPLC were found to be a series of
      new compounds containing three hydroxy groups and four conjugated double bonds.
      The structures of these new metabolites were established by U. V.
      spectrophotometry and GC/MS to be trihydroxy pentaenes of EPA, i.e., 5,6,15
      trihydroxy-7,9,11,13,17-eicosapentaenoic acid and 5,14,15-trihydroxy-6,8,10,12,17
      eicosapentaenoic acid. Because of the additional double bond at C17-18, these two
      new metabolites of EPA were proposed to be lipoxene A and lipoxene B,
      respectively.

PMID- 3838472
TI  - Phosphorylation of 2-5A core 5'-diphosphate to 2-5A in mouse L cell extracts.
AB  - When added to extracts of mouse L cells containing ATP and an energy regenerating
      system, the 5'-diphosphate of 2-5A core, pp5'A2'p5'A2'p5'A, as well as a
      bromoadenylate analog, pp5' (br8A)2'p5'(br8A)2'p5'(br8A), can be phosphorylated
      to the corresponding 5'-triphosphate, ppp5'A2'p5'A2'p5'A and
      ppp5'(br8A)2'p5'(br8A)2'p5(br8A), respectively. The extent of this conversion was
      about 0.5% when the concentration of 5'-diphosphate was about 10(-4) M. Thus,
      although previous studies have shown that the 5'diphosphate, pp5'A2'p5'A2'p5'A,
      can activate the 2-5A-dependent endonuclease, this may be related to a
      phosphorylation reaction in the crude cell extracts employed in these studies and
      may not represent a true ability of such a 5'-diphosphate to activate directly
      the endonuclease.

PMID- 3838473
TI  - Biosynthesis of riboflavin. An aliphatic intermediate in the formation of 6,7
      dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine from pentose phosphate.
AB  - 6,7-Dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase deficient mutants of Candida
      guilliermondii were divided into two groups on the basis of in vitro
      complementation. Mutants of complementation group I produce an intermediate X
      from ribose 5-phosphate in a reaction requiring Mg++ ions. Compound X was
      partially purified and was shown to be a phosphoric acid ester. 6,7-Dimethyl-8
      ribityllumazine can be formed from Compound X by cell extracts from mutants of
      complementation group II. The reaction requires 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)
      pyrimidinedione or its 5'-phosphate as second substrate. No divalent cations are
      required.

PMID- 3838474
TI  - Binding of new PLP analogs to the catalytic domain of GABA transaminase.
AB  - The binding site of Pyridoxal-5-P in 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase was studied
      by using analogs of the cofactor. A phosphorothioate analog (PLP(S] recognizes
      the catalytic site; it forms a stable complex with the apoenzyme (KD = 1nM) and
      serves as cofactor during catalysis. Replacement of a non-bridged oxygen by
      sulfur in the phosphate side chain renders a compound which preserves the
      negative charges needed for correct alignment of the cofactor at the catalytic
      site. This phosphorothioate analog of PLP can be used to investigate the
      catalytic site of vitamin B6 dependent enzymes by means of 31P NMR spectroscopy.
      A bulky P-pyridoxamine derivative, ie, N-4-azido-2-nitrophenyl pyridoxyl-5-P
      (NANP) competes with natural cofactor for its binding site. Upon illumination,
      the arylazide of P-pyridoxamine acts as an efficient photolabeling reagent of the
      protein. A characteristic feature of this photolabeling reagent, ie, its ability
      to recognize the cofactor binding site, can be exploited to ascertain the
      chemical nature of amino acid residues at the catalytic site.

PMID- 3838475
TI  - Reactive oxygen species may cause myocardial reperfusion injury.
AB  - The pathogenic mechanisms responsible for heart damage following temporary
      coronary artery occlusion are unknown. Some damage may be mediated by a normal
      cellular enzyme, xanthine dehydrogenase, which converts to xanthine oxidase
      during myocardial ischemia. Reperfusion, with restoration of oxygen supply, may
      then lead to formation of superoxide by xanthine oxidase, possibly initiating a
      cascade of oxidative events. In support of this, reperfusion of transiently
      ischemic canine myocardium leads to a rapid loss of cellular glutathione and a
      decrease in catalase activity, both indicative of enhanced generation of
      activated oxygen. Allopurinol--an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase--ameliorates both
      biochemical damage and functional deficits ordinarily triggered by ischemia and
      reperfusion, suggesting one possible mode of pharmacologic intervention following
      acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3838476
TI  - Stereospecific microbiological 10-O-demethylation of R-(-)-10,11
      dimethoxyaporphines.
AB  - The microbiological O-dealkylation of (+) and (-) 10,11-dimethoxyaporphine and
      the corresponding N-n-propyl analog 10,11-dimethoxy-N-n-propylnoraporphine
      utilizing the fungus Cunninghamella elegans (ATCC 9245) was found to proceed with
      regioselectivity for the 10-position, and with a high degree of substrate
      stereospecificity for the 6a R(-)enantiomer. Only the (R) 10-demethylated
      products were isolated i.e. (R) iosapocodeine and (R) N-n-propylnor
      isoapocodeine. The products were confirmed by comparison with their GC/MS
      spectra.

PMID- 3838477
TI  - The unique action for bone metabolism of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3-26,23-lactone.
AB  - [23 (S), 25 (R)]-1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone [( 23 (S),25 (R)]-1
      alpha,25-(OH) 2D3-26,23-lactone) increased dose-dependently alkaline phosphatase
      activity in osteoblastic cells, clone MC3T3-E1, in medium containing 0.1% bovine
      serum albumin. The maximal stimulated enzyme activity per mg protein was 1.6-fold
      over that of control cultures at 250 pg/ml. The metabolite also increased
      collagen synthesis in a dose-related fashion. On the other hand, [23 (S),25 (R)]
      1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3-26,23-lactone decreased slightly but significantly 45Ca
      mobilization, and blocked the resorptive action of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
      but not that of parathyroid hormone, in mouse calvaria in organ culture. These
      results indicate that [23 (S),25 (R)]-1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3-26,23-lactone
      stimulates the differentiation of osteoblasts and inhibits bone resorption in
      vitro.

PMID- 3838478
TI  - Detection of tsh binding inhibiting antibodies (TBI-ab) and thyroid adenylate
      cyclase stimulating antibodies (TS-ab) in sera of patients with Graves' disease.
AB  - In the sera of patients with Graves' disease have been demonstrated the
      immunoglobulins able to inhibit the binding of TSH to the human thyroid membrane
      (TBI-Ab) and the immunoglobulins stimulating the thyroid adenylate cyclase (TS
      Ab). The present study was performed in 75 hyperthyroid Graves' patients to
      ascertain the pathophysiological significance of these immunoglobulins. TS-Ab and
      TBI-Ab prevalence appeared to be much higher in the untreated and in relapsing
      patients than in subjects in remission. When the results of TBI-Ab and TS-Ab were
      compared in each group of patients no correlation was found between the two
      activities. We conclude that the TBI-Ab and the TS-Ab are the markers of
      hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease but the two activities are not equivalent and
      probably reflect a different phenomenon concomitantly produced.

PMID- 3838479
TI  - A double-blind placebo controlled study to examine effects of sucralfate on
      paracetamol absorption.

PMID- 3838480
TI  - The effects of 6-mercaptopurine nucleotide derivatives on the growth and survival
      of 6-mercaptopurine-sensitive and -resistant cell culture lines.
AB  - 6-Mercaptopurine (MP)-sensitive and -resistant cell culture lines were used to
      further characterize the apparent ability of MP nucleotide derivatives to
      overcome resistance to the parent drug. 6-Mercaptopurine-9-beta-D-ribofuranoside
      5'-monophosphate [MPRP], bis(6-mercaptopurine-9-beta-D-ribofuranoside)-5', 5"'
      monophosphate [bis(MPR)P], bis(O2',O3'-dibutyryl-6-mercaptopurine-9-beta-D
      ribofuranoside)-5', 5"'-monophosphate [bis(dibut.MPR)P], and O2',O3'-dibutyryl-6
      mercaptopurine-9-beta-D-ribofuranoside 5'-monophosphate [dibut.MPRP] were tested
      for cytotoxic and/or growth inhibitory effects against MP-resistant sublines of
      V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CH/TG) and L1210 mouse leukaemia cells
      (L1210/MPR) in which deficiencies of hypoxanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase, and hence drug nucleotide forming capacity were the
      basis of resistance. L1210/MPR cells were totally resistant to 1 mM 6
      mercaptopurine-9-beta-D-ribofuranoside [MPR] and 2 mM MPRP, but were inhibited by
      high concentrations (greater than 0.25 mM) of bis(MPR)P. These results suggested
      that bis(MPR)P was taken up by cells as the intact molecule since MPR and MPRP
      were its extracellular breakdown products. L1210/MPR cells were much more
      sensitive to the lipophilic bis(dibut.MPR)P derivative which had a predominantly
      cytotoxic action as judged by trypan blue staining and the ability of treated
      cells to produce macroscopic colonies in soft agar medium. However, cells killed
      by bis(dibut.MPR)P did not disintegrate appreciably over periods of up to 10
      days. The effects of bis(dibut.MPR)P were probably the result of cellular uptake
      of the intact molecule. Dibut.MPRP showed minimal ability to inhibit L1210/MPR
      cells although this compound was a possible breakdown product of bis(dibut.MPR)P
      and a source of the same extracellular degradation products. The median cell size
      decreased in L1210/MPR cultures during exposure to both bis(MPR)P and
      bis(dibut.MPR)P. This effect was elicited more rapidly and at lower concentration
      by bis(dibut.MPR)P than by bis(MPR)P. In contrast, sodium butyrate, a breakdown
      product of bis(dibut.MPR)P induced increases in cell size at high concentration.
      Bis (dibut.MPR)P was also cytotoxic to MP-resistant CH/TG cells and was
      approximately 300 times more effective than bis(MRP)P and MPR which exhibited
      similar activity against this cell line. Bis(dibut.MPR)P and dibut.MPRP were
      equivalent and less active than MPR in their effects on MP-sensitive L1210/0
      cells where their predominant mechanism of action was via degradation to release
      MPR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3838481
TI  - Quality of life measurement in breast cancer patients.

PMID- 3838482
TI  - Single cell DNA measurements in benign cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates and in
      positive patch tests.
AB  - Cellular DNA in skin biopsies from eighteen patients with positive patch tests
      and eleven patients with benign lymphocytic skin infiltates (cutaneous
      lymphocytoma, lymphoplasia or Jessner's lymphotic infiltrate) was estimated by
      flow cytometry of propidium iodide-stained dermal cells. Specimens from three
      patients with patch tests and one with cutaneous lymphocytoma had DNA histograms
      similar to those of normal blood mononuclear cells. The remaining patients
      demonstrated DNA histogram abnormalities in the form of hyperdiploid peaks in
      forty-two of forty-five specimens. The estimated proportion of cells in the S
      phase was similar in patch tests (median: 9.2%) and in benign lymphocytic skin
      infiltrates (median: 9.6%). The median number of cells in the G2/M-phase was 3.1%
      in both groups of disorders. These data indicate DNA content heterogeneity of the
      dermal cells in benign lymphocytic skin infiltrates. This may be attributed to
      DNA replication and/or chromatin dispersion during cellular activation and
      proliferation. The data also emphasize that hyperdiploid peaks are not
      necessarily indicative of the presence of separate cell clones.

PMID- 3838483
TI  - The effect of pressure on the lipid microviscosity and phase transition of lung
      surfactant.
AB  - The effect of pressure on the lipid dynamics of the rat lung surfactant was
      studied in liposomes made of the natural lung surfactant of the rat and of model
      phospholipid mixture. The determined parameter was the lipid microviscosity,
      monitored by the fluorescence polarization of the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5
      hexatriene. Osmotic pressure of up to 47 atm, as well as hydrostatic pressure of
      up to 1.4 kbar, were applied at a constant temperature. The effect of pressure
      was monitored by the change in the lipid microviscosity of the system. The
      maximal change achieved with osmotic pressure at a constant temperature was only
      30%. This suggests that the conversion of melted lipid to its solid phase above
      the lipid critical temperature requires several hundred atmospheres. Similarly,
      measurements of lipid microviscosity under increased hydrostatic pressure
      revealed transitions which occurred at above 400 atm. Since such pressures are
      far beyond the physiological scale, it excludes the possibility that pressure
      alone can be responsible for a full phase transition of the lung surfactant
      during respiration. Upon decompression, microviscosity of the examined lipid
      system was found to return to its original values, confirming the reversibility
      of the process.

PMID- 3838484
TI  - Immunologically related multimeric forms of 30-40 kDa peptides associated with
      lung surfactant in various mammalian species.
AB  - A comparative study of lung surfactant associated proteins was undertaken to
      determine which mammalian species would best serve as models for investigating
      alterations of the human lung surfactant system. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified surfactants in the presence of
      dithiothreitol revealed that surfactant invariably contains at least one peptide
      with molecular weight of 30 000-40 000. In the absence of disulfide reducing
      agents, the above peptides were in the form of high-molecular-weight proteins
      (greater than 400 kDa) in primates and cat, whereas in dog, rat and rabbit, the
      protein was a 72 kDa dimer. The 30-40 kDa peptide subunits were isolated from
      human, rat and dog surfactants and found to contain four or five residues of
      hydroxyproline. Antisera to either the human 34 kDa peptide or high-molecular
      weight proteins reacted with the high-molecular-weight bands, the 34 kDa subunit
      and at least six intermediate disulfide-linked forms separated from purified
      human surfactant by electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. Following
      electrophoresis in the presence of dithiothreitol, both antisera detected the 34
      kDa peptide as well as other peptides ranging in molecular weight from 23 000 to
      160 000. The isolated 34 kDa peptide readily reaggregated into disulfide-linked
      forms including 68 and 100 kDa complexes which were not reduced by 40 mM
      dithiothreitol. We conclude that the 34 kDa surfactant-associated peptide forms a
      complex system of monomeric and multimeric proteins, which varies among the
      species and could conceivably vary in distribution during lung development or
      disease.

PMID- 3838485
TI  - Phospholipid surface bilayers at the air-water interface. I. Thermodynamic
      properties.
AB  - Dispersions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) in water spontaneously form
      a surface bilayer at the equilibrium air/water surface (Gershfeld, N. L., and K.
      Tajima, 1979, Nature [Lond.]. 279: 708-709). This phenomenon has now been
      demonstrated with dispersions of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC),
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), and with a mixture of DMPC and DOPC. Each
      of these dispersions forms a surface bilayer at a singularity in temperature that
      is a characteristic of the phospholipid. The surface bilayer formed by the lipid
      mixture is shown to have the same composition as the bulk liquid-crystal phase of
      the dispersion, and the surface components have identical partial molar entropies
      as the bulk lipid components. These properties indicate that the surface bilayer
      has the same structure as the bilayer in the liquid-crystal phase of the bulk
      dispersion.

PMID- 3838486
TI  - Pressure effect on the rate of crystalline phase formation of L-alpha
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholines in multilamellar dispersions.
AB  - Fully hydrated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) in multilamellar dispersions
      undergoes a subtransition between the crystalline Lc phase and the gel L beta
      phase. This so-called subtransition occurs only if the DPPC-H2O system has been
      incubated at temperatures near 0 degrees C for an extended period. We have
      examined the effect of pressure, up to 336 atm, on the rate of crystalline Lc
      phase formation of multilamellar DPPC dispersions at 0 degrees C. The hydrostatic
      pressure is generated by a centrifugal field; the formation of the lamellar Lc
      phase in the multicomponent DPPC dispersions is monitored calorimetrically at
      ambient pressure. Results indicate that the rate of formation of the hydrated
      crystalline Lc phase decreases with increasing pressure. Based on transition
      state theory, the retardation of the formation of the hydrated crystalline Lc
      phase by pressure is due to an increase in the volume of the lipid-water system
      when the activated state is formed. We interpret that the positive value of
      activation volume is attributed primarily to the dehydration of the lipid polar
      head group. Although the acyl chain ordering and the head group dehydration are
      both associated with the L beta----Lc phase transition, the observation of the
      pressure effects on the rate of crystalline Lc phase formation is used to show
      that the head group dehydration plays a predominant role in controlling the
      kinetics of the L beta----Lc phase transition.

PMID- 3838487
TI  - The activity of phosphorothioate analogues of ATP in various smooth muscle
      systems.
AB  - Phosphorothioate analogues of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) have been tested on
      the rat and guinea-pig vas deferens, the guinea-pig taenia coli and urinary
      bladder. Adenosine 5'0-(2-thiotriphosphate) (ATP beta S) was more active than
      adenosine 5'0(1-thiotriphosphate) (ATP alpha S) and ATP in producing contractile
      responses on the vas deferens of rat and guinea-pig, and guinea-pig bladder,
      though the difference of potency was less marked for producing relaxation of the
      carbachol-contracted taenia coli. No differences were observed between the A and
      B diastereoisomers of ATP alpha S or ATP beta S. Contractions of the vas deferens
      produced by ATP alpha S were of much longer duration than those produced by ATP
      beta S. When tested against electrically-evoked twitch responses of the vas
      deferens the order of potencies was reversed with ATP being most active and ATP
      beta S least active. These inhibitory effects were blocked by 8-phenyl
      theophylline. The calculated pA2 values for ATP, adenosine, beta, gamma-methylene
      ATP (APPCP) and ATP alpha S were similar, suggesting a common site of action. The
      results do not reveal any stereoselectivity among the tissues tested, for the
      diastereoisomers of ATP phosphorothioates; the observed differences of potency
      may be due to differences between ATP alpha S and ATP beta S in their rates of
      metabolism to adenosine. The different response profiles to the phosphorothioates
      may however reflect some differences of receptor mechanisms.

PMID- 3838488
TI  - Determination of the muscarinic receptor subtype mediating vasodilatation.
AB  - The muscarinic receptor mediating vasodilatation of the rabbit aorta and dog
      femoral artery has been assessed using muscarinic antagonists. With the exception
      of pirenzepine, the antagonist affinities were similar to those reported for the
      ileal receptors and dissimilar to those reported for the atrial receptors.
      Pirenzepine exhibited an affinity (7.54) intermediate between that reported for
      the CNS receptors (8.4) and that reported for the ileal receptors (6.77). This
      value for pirenzepine was confirmed using acetylcholine as the agonist and using
      the dog femoral artery as the vascular tissue. It is concluded that the
      muscarinic receptor profile mediating vasodilatation is not easily accommodated
      into the current receptor classification.

PMID- 3838490
TI  - Scientific research in osteopathy.

PMID- 3838489
TI  - Modification of endotoxin-induced haemodynamic and haematological changes in the
      rabbit by methylprednisolone, F(ab')2 fragments and rosmarinic acid.
AB  - The effects of methylprednisolone, F(ab')2 fragments of human gamma globulins and
      rosmarinic acid, an inhibitor of complement activation, were tested on endotoxin
      induced haemodynamic and haematological changes in the rabbit. Their effects were
      compared with complement depletion by cobra venom factor (CVF) pretreatment. The
      results provide further evidence for the role of complement activation and the
      concomitant triggering of the arachidonic acid cascade in the early phase of
      shock. The formation of vasoactive prostanoids (prostacyclin and thromboxane A2),
      the arterial hypotension and the thrombocytopenia were largely dependent on the
      presence of the intact complement system. F(ab')2 fragments (150 mg kg-1, i.v.)
      diminished the second fall in blood pressure to some extent but failed to alter
      any of the other endotoxin-induced changes. Methylprednisolone (40 mg kg-1, i.v.)
      given 10 min before endotoxin significantly reduced the activation of complement,
      the second rise of prostacyclin and the secondary hypotension, but was without
      effect on the early thromboxane peak of the haematological features of endotoxin
      shock. Rosmarinic acid (20 mg kg-1, i.v.) may be of potential interest for
      treatment of septic shock, since the drug suppressed the endotoxin-induced
      activation of complement, the formation of prostacyclin, both hypotensive phases,
      the thrombocytopenia and the concomitant release of thromboxane A2. The role of
      leukocytes and their arachidonic acid metabolites in plasma exudation deserves
      further investigation, because leukopenia and pulmonary oedema were not
      complement-dependent and were not affected by any of the treatments. Our results
      indicate that drugs, interfering with complement activation and/or prostaglandin
      biosynthesis, may be beneficial in endotoxin shock, provided that they are
      administered at an early stage.

PMID- 3838492
TI  - Heterogeneity of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the developing chick embryo
      retina.
AB  - Heterogeneity of muscarinic cholinergic receptors was investigated in chick
      embryo retina throughout development and in chicks immediately after hatching.
      The presence of a homogeneous receptor population was evidenced by antagonist
      binding. The affinity of antagonists increased up to day 14 of incubation, when
      synaptogenesis occurs. After this stage, it remained substantially unchanged. The
      number of receptors increased in embryos until hatching. On the contrary,
      agonists, such as acetylcholine and carbachol, bound to two (high- and low
      affinity) binding sites. Through development, the affinity of both significantly
      increased until day 14, further substantiating the hypothesis of a maturation of
      the receptor pattern which precedes synapse formation. Muscarinic cholinergic
      binding seems to identify 3 critical steps in retinal neuronal development. The
      first is between 7 and 9 days of incubation, the second when synaptogenesis
      occurs and the third after initiation of function.

PMID- 3838491
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of muscarinic agonist binding sites in the rat
      central nervous system with (+)-cis-[3H]methyldioxolane.
AB  - (+)-cis-[3H]Methyldioxolane ((+)-[3H]CD), a potent muscarinic agonist, was used
      to label high-affinity agonist states of muscarinic receptors in thin tissue
      sections of the rat central nervous system. Light microscopic autoradiography of
      atropine-sensitive (+)-[3H]CD binding sites revealed regions of dense labeling
      (superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, lateral geniculate body, hypoglossal
      (XII) nucleus, facial (VII) nucleus, tractus diagonalis) and regions of sparse
      labeling (hippocampus, dentate gyrus). The inverse regional correlation between
      high-affinity (+)-[3H]CD states and binding sites for the muscarinic antagonists
      [3H]pirenzepine (r = -0.79) and (-)-[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (r = -0.30)
      underscores potentially important differences between agonist and antagonist
      binding to CNS tissue slices.

PMID- 3838493
TI  - Sexually abused children: identifying masked presentations in a medical setting.
AB  - Sexual abuse of children frequently lies hidden while the victims receive medical
      care for other complaints. To identify clinical signals of latent abuse, we
      studied 50 children whose initial presentations masked the presence of sexual
      abuse and compared them with 31 overt cases identified by chief complaint. A
      broad variety of symptoms masked the abuse. While some, such as early adolescent
      pregnancy and genital symptomatology, might have suggested the diagnosis, unusual
      physical symptoms, psychosomatic, and behavioral disorders were as frequent. The
      masked group differed significantly from the more frequently studied overt group
      in that chronic history of sexual abuse was twice as common; school problems and
      psychosomatic disorders were three times as frequent; the alleged abuser was more
      often an immediate family member, usually the father; male victims were more
      likely to present in this disguised manner. Familiarity with typical masked
      presentations should aid earlier identification of these troubled children.

PMID- 3838494
TI  - The business of hearts.

PMID- 3838495
TI  - A survey of sexually transmitted diseases diagnosed by physicians in
      Newfoundland.

PMID- 3838496
TI  - Future prospects in planning radiation therapy.
AB  - Recent advances in imaging, especially computed tomography and magnetic resonance
      imaging, and in the power and capabilities of reasonably priced computers and
      image display devices will permit a substantial extension of the scope of
      computer programs designed to help plan cancer therapy. All available diagnostic
      studies could be incorporated into the process of assessing the patient's
      disease, picking a treatment modality, and determining details of the selected
      treatment. Fully three-dimensional simulation of any possible treatment will be
      possible and methods for comparing and choosing between possible rival plans will
      be developed. Monitoring of the treatment machine and verification of the
      adequacy of the delivered treatment will be facilitated, and the follow-up of the
      patient and statistical analysis of the results of treatment can be incorporated
      into the overall programming system.

PMID- 3838497
TI  - Tumorigenicity of 5-methylchrysene dihydrodiols and dihydrodiol epoxides in
      newborn mice and on mouse skin.
AB  - 5-Methylchrysene, (+/-)-trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-5-methylchrysene, (+/-)
      trans-7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxy-5-methylchrysene, (+/-)-trans-1,2-dihydroxy-anti
      3,4-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5-methylchrysene (anti-DE-I), (+/-)-trans-1,2
      dihydroxy-syn-3,4-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5-methylchrysene (syn-DE-I), and (+/-)
      trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-5-methylchrysene (anti-DE
      II) were tested for tumorigenicity in newborn mice and for tumor-initiating
      activity on mouse skin. In newborn mice, a total dose of 56 nmol of anti-DE-I
      induced 4.6 lung tumors/mouse and 1.2 liver tumors/mouse. These incidences were
      significantly higher than observed for any of the other metabolites, tested at
      equimolar doses. The results indicate that anti-DE-I, but not syn-DE-I or anti-DE
      II, is a major ultimate carcinogen of 5-methylchrysene in the newborn mouse. Anti
      DE-I was also more tumorigenic than anti-DE-II on mouse skin, inducing 4.4
      tumors/mouse after an initiating dose of 100 nmol, compared to zero tumors per
      mouse induced by anti-DE-II. However, anti-DE-I was less tumorigenic on mouse
      skin than was its metabolic precursor, trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-5
      methylchrysene or its parent hydrocarbon, 5-methylchrysene.

PMID- 3838498
TI  - Pediatric oncology group phase II trial of amsacrine in children with solid
      tumors.

PMID- 3838499
TI  - Use of a personal computer with an automatic noninvasive ambulatory blood
      pressure monitoring device.
AB  - Automatic ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is a valid and reliable tool for
      intermittent noninvasive assessment of blood pressure over a 24-hour period.
      However, reporting devices to retrieve data from the recording device are
      dedicated to one task and are expensive. Because of this, we have developed
      computer programs for a popular inexpensive microcomputer that retrieves data
      from the Del Mar Pressurometer III, an R-wave gated automatic ambulatory blood
      pressure monitoring device. Furthermore, the derived data may be edited, computed
      to derive statistics, stored, retrieved, displayed, and reported in both
      numerical and graphical format. This same hardware is used for multiple other
      tasks.

PMID- 3838500
TI  - Intracellular localization of 12-O-3-N-dansylamino TPA in C3H/10T1/2 mouse cell
      line.
AB  - The fluorescent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) analogue dansyl-TPA
      allowed the distribution of fluorescent molecules to be visualized in living
      mouse fibroblasts. The entry of dansyl-TPA into cells occurred within millisecond
      time scale and was found largely energy independent. Dansyl-TPA was shown to
      stain the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and nuclear
      membrane. In addition, dansyl-TPA fluorescence was found to parallel that
      obtained with rhodamine-conjugated anti-alpha tubulin. The intracellular location
      of the dansyl-TPA fluorescence can be taken into account to explain the
      pleiotropic action of TPA in the cells.

PMID- 3838501
TI  - A BASIC computer program for use in evaluating enzyme-substrate-inhibitor
      kinetics.

PMID- 3838502
TI  - Alpha-methyldopa disposition in mothers with hypertension and in their breast-fed
      infants.
AB  - To assess the problem of alpha-methyldopa dosing in lactating mothers with
      hypertension, we studied three breast-feeding women to determine simultaneous
      plasma and breast milk concentrations of alpha-methyldopa after a 500 mg oral
      dose while receiving continuous therapy. Peak excretion of free alpha-methyldopa
      in breast milk ranged from 0.02 to 1.14 microgram/ml. The breast milk/whole
      plasma ratios of alpha-methyldopa ranged from 0.19 to 0.34. In two of the three
      breast-fed infants, plasma levels of alpha-methyldopa were undetectable (less
      than 0.05 microgram/ml) 6 hours after maternal ingestion of the drug, but in one
      of these the plasma alpha-methyldopa concentration was 0.09 microgram/ml 10 hours
      after maternal dosing. It is estimated that when the mother receives 1 gm alpha
      methyldopa a day, the maximal cumulative dose of alpha-methyldopa would be 855
      micrograms and the average cumulative alpha-methyldopa load to the breast-fed
      infant would be 195 micrograms, or 0.02% of the maternal dose.

PMID- 3838503
TI  - An outcome-coded birth file from machine readable vital records.
AB  - We developed a computer program which generates an outcome-coded birth file from
      a standard birth file and a matched birth-infant death file. This program uses
      only anonymous computerized vital records of the kind available to researchers in
      most states. Despite a large population (Illinois 1977 births totaled 178,728)
      all death records were uniquely matched with birth records, allowing creation of
      the desired file. Such a file permits the researcher to use a variety of standard
      software packages without the problems of data re-entry or the use of multiple
      input files. Creating this outcome-coded file is relatively inexpensive, can be
      done without enlisting special assistance from state vital records personnel,
      does not require access to restricted files, and greatly streamlines use of
      perinatal vital records for research applications, especially multivariable
      modeling.

PMID- 3838504
TI  - A pocket computer program for common calculations in clinical pediatrics.
AB  - This paper describes the use of a short computer program designed for use in a
      pediatric hospital ward. The program performs metric conversions, obviates the
      need for nomograms for body surface area and base excess determinations, and
      rapidly and accurately computes parenteral fluid mixtures, medication dosages,
      creatinine clearance, erythrocyte sedimentation rate corrections, and serum
      osmolality.

PMID- 3838505
TI  - Transient spontaneous regression of an anterior mediastinal mass.
AB  - A case of spontaneous regression of lymphoma is presented. Regression of the
      tumor occurred during an episode of mechanical small bowel obstruction. Elevated
      circulating endogenous corticosteroids are thought to have acted against the
      tumor cells.

PMID- 3838506
TI  - [Primary malignant lymphoma of the gallbladder--a case report].

PMID- 3838507
TI  - [Computerized tomography in endocrine ophthalmopathy with malignant
      exophthalmos].
AB  - CT scanning was done in 16 patients with deterioration of sight in endocrine
      ophthalmopathy. The assessment involved muscular changes and density of
      retrobulbar fat. Evaluation of muscular changes was staged. In addition,
      exophthalmus was graded and evaluated by staging. More than two thirds of
      patients showed pronounced muscular thickening whereas the remaining patients
      showed few or no muscular changes. Likewise, in a number of patients exophthalmus
      could hardly be demonstrated according to Hertel's values. Thus, clinical
      presentation in a number of patients is relatively mild. Pathophysiologic
      considerations as to the development of deterioration of sight mainly involve
      myogenic compression of the optic nerve at its orbital entry. This does not seem
      to hold true for patients without muscular thickening. In such patients optic
      nerve affection could be caused by increase of the volume of the fat body.

PMID- 3838508
TI  - [Hemoglobin Linkoping and physical performance].

PMID- 3838509
TI  - Some readily available computer programs for special types of statistical
      analyses.
AB  - A list of readily available computer programs for analysis of different types of
      experimental data is compiled. Some of these programs have been tested by the
      author for accuracy, and yet several others need to be checked by the users
      against existing tables and documents. The errors, to the author's knowledge,
      have been pointed out. Many of these programs may be used as subroutines in
      analyzing data derived from experiments in cytogenetics as well as other fields.

PMID- 3838510
TI  - Studies with general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase from pig kidney. Inactivation by a
      novel type of "suicide" inhibitor, 3,4-pentadienoyl-CoA.
AB  - 3,4-Pentadienoyl-CoA, an allenic substrate analog, is a potent inhibitor of the
      flavoprotein pig-kidney general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The analog reacts very
      rapidly (k = 2.4 X 10(3) min-1) with the native oxidized enzyme to form a
      covalent flavin adduct probably involving the isoalloxazine position N-5. This
      species is inactive, but activity may be regained by two pathways. The allenic
      thioester can be displaced (k = 0.3 min-1) by a large excess of octanoyl-CoA
      substrate upon reversal of covalent adduct formation. Alternatively, the enzyme
      inactivator adduct slowly decomposes (t1/2 = 75 min) to form the strongly
      thermodynamically favoured 2,4-diene and catalytically active, oxidized enzyme.
      During this latter process 15-20% of the activity is irreversibly lost probably
      due to covalent modification of the protein. These data suggest that 3,4
      pentadienoyl-CoA should be considered a suicide substrate of the acyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase. The mechanism of the reactions, and in particular the 3,4----2,4
      tautomerization, are consistent with a catalytic sequence initiated by
      abstraction of an alpha-hydrogen as a proton.

PMID- 3838511
TI  - Characterisation of rat 9-kDa cholecalcin (CaBP) messenger RNA using a
      complementary DNA. Absence of homology with 28-kDa cholecalcin mRNA.
AB  - The rat possesses two cholecalciferol-induced calcium-binding proteins, the
      cholecalcins (CaBP). The 9-kDa CaBP is mainly concentrated in the duodenum while
      28-kDa CaBP is located in the kidney and cerebellum. The mRNA encoding 9-kDa CaBP
      has been characterised using the cloned cDNA, pC109, synthesised from rat
      duodenal 9-kDa CaBP mRNA [Desplan et al. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 13502-13505].
      Nucleotide sequence analysis of this cDNA shows the presence of two stop codons,
      TGA and TAG, at positions 207 and 271, respectively, of the 3' untranslated
      region. The cDNA-hybridised mRNA, isolated from rat duodenum, directs the cell
      free synthesis of two proteins precipitable by antisera to 9-kDa intestinal CaBP.
      A major protein comigrates with 9-kDa CaBP whereas a minor product corresponds to
      a protein which is larger by 2000 Da. The minor protein appears to result from
      read-through of the 'leaky' UGA stop signal. No protein band which was
      immunoprecipitable with 28-kDa CaBP antiserum was detected when cDNA-hybridized
      mRNA from rat kidney and cerebellum was translated in a cell-free system.
      Northern blots show that the cDNA pC109 sequence hybridizes to a homogeneous mRNA
      species 500-600 nucleotides long from rat duodenum. Larger mRNA species encoding
      28-kDa CaBP are undetectable in rat kidney and cerebellum even under low
      stringency conditions. All these findings demonstrate that there is no cross
      hybridisation between 9-kDa and 28-kDa CaBP mRNAs. Southern blot analysis of rat
      genomic DNA, that shows only one homologous 9-kDa gene, is consistent with these
      findings. Thus, all our data indicate that there are distinct genes coding for
      each rat cholecalcin.

PMID- 3838513
TI  - 131-Iodine capsules in thyroid therapy: an individually controlled study of their
      uptake kinetics as compared to liquid 131-iodine.
AB  - We investigated the uptake of therapeutic doses of 131-Iodine in capsular form
      which were given to 16 patients with benign thyroid disease, and compared it to
      the uptake of a diagnostic dose of liquid 131-Iodine given to the same patients.
      The aim of this study was to determine the additional radiation dose sustained by
      the gastric mucosa, and thus, to establish the safety of this galenic form of
      131I. It was found that the average capsule-dissolution time was about 12 min,
      with a large standard deviation of about 7 min. Using these data and a
      theoretical radiation-dose calculation, we estimated that the maximum dose to the
      gastric mucosa was approximately 250 rad (250 cGy) for a therapeutic activity of
      5 mCi (185 MBq), which is the maximum dose which may be given as single
      application to out-patients in Switzerland. Thus, 131I administered in capsular
      form is a safe galenic form for therapeutic use in patients with thyroid disease.

PMID- 3838512
TI  - The sequence of 967 amino acids at the carboxyl-end of rat thyroglobulin.
      Location and surroundings of two thyroxine-forming sites.
AB  - The entire rat thyroglobulin mRNA sequence (about 8500 nucleotides) has been
      cloned in five recombinant plasmids containing overlapping cDNA inserts. The 3'
      end of the mRNA is precisely defined by the poly (A) tail found in the furthest
      3' end clone. Evidence that most of the 5' end is cloned come from size
      considerations and from a primer extension experiment. At the 3' end of the mRNA
      only one long open reading frame is present in the sequence of 3018 nucleotides
      that has been established. In the deduced protein sequence we have localized two
      thyroxine-forming sites in a region containing a high concentration of tyrosine
      residues.

PMID- 3838514
TI  - Differential antagonism by dicyclomine, pirenzepine and secoverine at muscarinic
      receptor subtypes in the rat frontal cortex.

PMID- 3838515
TI  - Wound healing by the rat lens after neodymium-YAG laser injury.
AB  - Wound healing of the ocular lens after exposure to neodymium-YAG laser energy
      (3.9-4.2 mJ) was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were killed 5 min and 5, 9 and
      15 days after the anterior lens epithelium was injured by a laser pulse. Gross
      and biomicroscopic examination revealed that a white, opaque mass formed on the
      lens surface after about 30 min. Five days later, the opacified mass present on
      the lens surface was found to be composed of ectopic epithelial cells, protruding
      lens fibers and a variety of other cell types. Epithelial cells were also present
      in abundance on the capsule surface in the immediate vicinity of the wound. Deep
      to the capsule, the lens fibers were greatly swollen. Half of the epithelial
      mounts obtained 5 days after surgery showed disorganization of the epithelium at
      points distant from the eosinophilic scar. The opacified external mass had
      disappeared from all of the lenses obtained at the 15-day period. However, the
      scar was readily identifiable in epithelial whole mounts, methacrylate sections
      and SEM specimens obtained from lenses at this time period. At every time period,
      many cortical fibers were swollen although the amount of swelling was less at 15
      days than at earlier periods. The changes observed are similar to the lenticular
      alterations that occur after experimentally induced, transcorneal mechanical
      injury of the lens.

PMID- 3838516
TI  - [Pharmacology of troparil].
AB  - The physiological action of the tropan derivative troparil (2-beta
      methoxycarbonyl-3-beta-phenyltropan or 2-exo-3-exo-2-carbomethoxy-aryltropan was
      studied. Troparil was demonstrated to be a highly active stimulant of the nervous
      activity according to a lot of parameters. The drug appeared more powerful than
      amphetamine but less toxic.

PMID- 3838517
TI  - In vivo catabolism of human low density lipoprotein in the rat is mediated by a
      nonsaturable, low-affinity mechanism.
AB  - The degradation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) was analyzed in fasted
      rats treated for 3 days with either 4-aminopyrazolo-(3,4-d)pyrimidine (4APP) or
      saline. Treatment with 4APP caused an 80% decrease in serum cholesterol
      concentration. The mono-exponential serum decay of a tracer amount of labelled
      LDL was changed neither by 4APP treatment, nor by the simultaneous injection of a
      bolus of unlabelled LDL. The sites of degradation of human LDL were determined
      using the nondegradable labelling compound O-(4-diazo-3-[125I]iodobenzoyl)sucrose
      (D125IBS). The sites of degradation and the rate of degradation of D125IBS
      labelled LDL were also not affected by 4APP treatment or by injection of a bolus
      of unlabelled LDL. It is concluded that human LDL is catabolised in the rat by
      way of a nonsaturable, low-affinity mechanism.

PMID- 3838519
TI  - [Initiated chemiluminescence of surface-active substances in the lungs and blood
      serum].

PMID- 3838518
TI  - Nucleotide sequence divergence and functional constraint in VIP precursor mRNA
      evolution between human and rat.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence analysis of cloned cDNA for VIP precursor from rat
      cerebral cortex reveals that the precursor contains both rat VIP and PHI-27. The
      deduced primary structure of rat VIP is identical with human VIP. The amino acid
      sequence of rat PHI-27 differs by 4 amino acids from human PHM-27. When each VIP
      precursor is divided functionally into 6 domains, the amino acid sequence
      homology between rat and human precursors ranges from 69 to 100%. In contrast,
      any domain exhibits an essentially equal degree of nucleotide sequence homology.

PMID- 3838520
TI  - Coordinate estrogen induction of vitellogenin and a small serum protein mRNA in
      Xenopus laevis liver.
AB  - We have used plus-minus hybridization to identify Xenopus liver cDNA clones of
      mRNAs whose levels are regulated by estrogen. One clone identified in this way
      was shown to be a nearly full-length cDNA clone of the mRNA coding for a small 22
      000 dalton estrogen-inducible serum protein (EISP). Quantitation of EISP mRNA
      levels by in vitro translation and by hybridization to the cloned DNA
      demonstrated a 7-12-fold estrogen induction of EISP mRNA, both in vivo and in
      primary Xenopus liver cultures. The kinetics of induction of EISP mRNA closely
      parallel those of the mRNA coding for the abundant estrogen-inducible serum
      protein, vitellogenin. In contrast, the massive, and toxic, estrogen-mediated
      accumulation of vitellogenin in serum of male Xenopus laevis is accompanied by a
      sharp decline in the levels of albumin mRNA and in the levels of the mRNAs coding
      for several other serum proteins.

PMID- 3838521
TI  - Plasma glucagon and glucagon-like immunoreactive components in Type 1 (insulin
      dependent) diabetic patients and normal subjects before and after an oral glucose
      load.
AB  - Biogel P-30 filtration of plasma from Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic
      patients and normal subjects in basal state and after an oral glucose load was
      assayed with a C-terminal (30 K) and a glucagon-like immunoreactivity-cross
      reacting antiserum (R8). Up to four immunoreactive peaks of approximate molecular
      sizes of greater than 20,000 (fraction I), 9000 (fraction II), 3500 (fraction
      III) and 2000 (fraction IV) were detected with the two antisera in both groups.
      In the basal state, the only significant difference observed between both groups
      was a higher R8-reactivity in fraction II in the group of diabetic patients,
      although the R8 minus 30 K values for this fraction did not show a significant
      difference between both groups. After glucose the only significant differences
      were an increase of R8-reactivity in fraction II in both groups (p less than
      0.01) and a decrease of 30 K-reactivity in fraction III (IRG3500) in normal
      subjects (p less than 0.05). In seven out of 12 diabetic patients, 30 K
      reactivity in fraction II (IRG9000) and III (IRG3500) increased above their basal
      values. The gut-glucagon-like immunoreactivity response to oral glucose (delta R8
      delta 30 K values in fraction II) was similar in both the diabetic and normal
      subjects. These results indicate that the paradoxical rise in plasma
      immunoreactive glucagon after oral glucose in diabetic patients may be due to an
      increase of both IRG3500 and/or IRG9000, the gut-glucagon-like immunoreactivity
      released during glucose absorption has a molecular weight of approximately 9000,
      and no differences in plasma gut-glucagon-like immunoreactivity were observed in
      Type 1 diabetic patients when compared with normal subjects, either in the basal
      state or after glucose ingestion.

PMID- 3838522
TI  - Alternate methods of preparing a sucralfate suspension.

PMID- 3838523
TI  - Interferons and other biological response modifiers in the treatment of Kaposi's
      sarcoma.

PMID- 3838525
TI  - [The Clements test: its correlation with the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio,
      precipitable lecithin and phosphatidylglycerol].

PMID- 3838524
TI  - Algorithm for the correction of artifacts.
AB  - The sources of vitreous fluorophotometry artifacts are described. An algorithm to
      define this "spread function" is presented. The use of improved instrumentation
      and compensation for this artifact by data processing of the "correction"
      algorithm can improve the results of vitreous fluorophotometry. This algorithm
      was carried out in 40 eyes and was found to have an error of 0.7 mg/ml at 3 mm
      from the choroid-retina.

PMID- 3838526
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of syphilis as well as other venereal diseases].

PMID- 3838527
TI  - Studies on asphyxia: on the changes of the alveolar walls of rats in the hypoxic
      state.
AB  - The morphological changes of the alveolar wall of adult rats in the hypoxic state
      were studied by light and electron microscopy. The remarkable findings were the
      appearance of a large amount of lamellar, lattice- and thread-like structures
      together with a massive homogeneous substance on the surface of the alveoli which
      seemed to be closely connected with each other and with the surface of the cells
      lining the alveolus, especially in the 5%-group. The appearance of the above
      mentioned structures with the homogeneous substance is considered to be the
      reaction of lung tissue to the decreased content of oxygen in the inhaled gas.

PMID- 3838528
TI  - What hospitals think of application software.

PMID- 3838529
TI  - The changing pattern of sexually transmitted disease in adolescent girls.
AB  - When girls aged 15-19 attending a sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) clinic in
      1972 and 1982 were studied retrospectively, the prevalence of recognised STDs
      declined both absolutely and as a proportion of the total women studied. The
      increased number of attendances was accounted for by "other conditions requiring,
      or not requiring, treatment." An alternative approach for the classification of
      these conditions is proposed.

PMID- 3838530
TI  - Recognition of hypochondriasis in a clinic for sexually transmitted disease.
AB  - A descriptive study of 100 consecutive patients referred for psychiatric
      assessment from a clinic for sexually transmitted disease (STD) is reported.
      Thirty six patients presented with physical symptoms for which no organic cause
      could be found. Various physical and psychological features of the overall
      presentation of this "somatic" group were identified. These are discussed in
      terms of diagnostic categories, aetiological mechanisms, and theories of illness
      behaviour. The importance of directly observable aspects of the patients'
      consultation behaviour is stressed over and above deep psychological constructs.
      The diagnosis of hypochondriasis is seen as essentially a medical one, which
      entails the doctor making a set of judgements that require a broad clinical
      perspective.

PMID- 3838531
TI  - Polymorphism of human complement component C4.
AB  - An assessment has been made of the polymorphism of human complement component C4
      by comparing derived amino acid sequences of cDNA and genomic DNA with limited
      amino acid sequences. In all, one complete and six partial sequences have been
      obtained from material from three individuals and include two C4A and two C4B
      alleles. Differences were found between the 4 alleles from 2 loci in only 15 of
      the 1722 amino acid residues, and 12 lie within one section of 230 residues,
      which in 1 allele also contains a 3-residue deletion. In three variable
      positions, an allelic difference in one C4 type was common to the other types.
      Three nucleotide differences were found in four introns. In spite of marked
      differences in their chemical reactivity, the many allelic forms appear to differ
      in less than 1% of their amino acid residue positions. This unusual pattern of
      polymorphism may be due to recent duplication of the C4 gene, or may have arisen
      by selection as a result of the biological role of C4, which interacts in the
      complement sequence with nine other proteins necessitating conservation of much
      of the surface structure.

PMID- 3838533
TI  - Morphology and respiratory function of the alveolar unit.

PMID- 3838532
TI  - Morphology of three strains of contagious equine metritis organism.
AB  - Examination of recently isolated cultures of three strains of Contagious Equine
      Metritis Organism grown on specially formulated, serum-free, clear typing medium
      revealed the presence of numerous colonial opacity variants. These colonies were
      prepared by a number of fixation and staining techniques and examined by scanning
      and transmission electron microscopy. Opaque and transparent phenotypes produced
      copious amounts of extracellular material compared with intermediate-opacity
      phenotypes which produced little or none. Also unique to intermediate colonies
      were numerous thin intercellular strands, which may represent pili or polymers of
      extracellular material. The presence of an unusual fibrillar layer (with similar
      electron density to the extracellular material) on the outer leaf of the outer
      membrane also was confirmed. A number of other ultrastructural features also were
      noted, including an epilayer, a thin nonmembranous layer which covered colonies
      and adjacent agar.

PMID- 3838534
TI  - Leukotrienes: potent mediators of airway constriction.

PMID- 3838535
TI  - Smoothing techniques for obtaining reference values for measurements of children.
AB  - Constructing reference values for measurements of children, e.g. the mean height
      as function of age, one needs a smoothing technique. Various techniques will be
      discussed and applied to a particular study of anthropometric growth. The overall
      conclusion is that reliable curves can be obtained by using computer programs
      based on approximations by cubic splines, and by using the eye for choosing from
      the corresponding outputs.

PMID- 3838536
TI  - Numerical simulation of pulmonary O2 and CO2 exchange.
AB  - The process of gas exchange leading to the oxygenation of blood in pulmonary
      capillaries is simulated numerically, taking into account the main transport
      mechanisms of molecular diffusion, convection and the facilitated diffusion due
      to the presence of haemoglobin, as well as physiologically relevant boundary
      conditions and variable initial data. An algorithmic program to solve the
      relevant equations is run on a computer. It is found that, in the immediate
      neighbourhood of the entry, the amount of dissolved oxygen decreases, whereas the
      amount of carbaminohaemoglobin increases and the facilitated diffusion is more
      dominant over the molecular diffusion. Further, it is shown that (i) O2 takes
      longest and CO2 is the fastest to attain equilibration, (ii) the blood is
      completely oxygenated with one fifth part of its transit. Finally, the effect of
      various physiological parameters on equilibration length is examined.

PMID- 3838537
TI  - Fast algorithms for the analysis of sino-atrial node function.
AB  - The calculations of parameters of the sino-atrial node function have previously
      required the application of a non-linear least squares curve-fitting algorithm.
      We have compared five algorithms, three of which eliminate the need for direct
      non-linear least squares routines. The fast algorithms can provide greater
      accuracy while using less than 10% of the computing time. They make it feasible
      to provide real-time analysis during clinical electrophysiological studies.

PMID- 3838538
TI  - Altered experimental metastasis pattern by proteolytic cell treatment.
AB  - We have studied some cellular characteristics and the transplantability of a
      newly induced squamous cell carcinoma, Sq1-SC, in comparison with the ascites
      transformed subline of the same tumor, Sq1-AA. We could demonstrate that the AA
      tumor differed from the SC tumor in the pattern of intravenously induced
      'experimental metastases'. The SC tumor preferentially gave rise to
      extrapulmonary tumor colonies ('metastases'), while the AA tumor exclusively gave
      rise to lung colonies. Comparison with the ascites tumor growing in solid form
      subcutaneously (AS tumor) shows that the enzymatic treatment, which is necessary
      to bring solid tumors into viable and dissociated suspensions, can have a
      decisive influence on tumor cell lodgement in vessels and metastasis.

PMID- 3838539
TI  - Analysis of environmental pollution by radiofrequency radiation from
      teleradiocommunication devices.
AB  - The environmental radiofrequency radiation pollution, including microwaves,
      generated by teleradiocommunication devices is particularly great where there
      exists a concentration of such apparatus. The wide-band field detectors commonly
      used for environmental protection surveys do not make it possible to discern the
      contributions of the individual emitters at a given point. It is possible to
      obtain this result theoretically by using only a personal computer, and by using
      the characteristics of the emitter and of surrounding territory as inputs. For
      this purpose, a basic program has been prepared. An analysis of this type,
      besides being an effective tool for the planning of environmental pollution
      abatement, provides the necessary information for forecasting field levels
      produced as a consequence of the installation of new repeaters. This data
      provides indispensable information for issuing installation licenses by the
      competent authorities. This article concludes with a comparison between the
      theoretical results and those detected experimentally in one specific case.

PMID- 3838540
TI  - Changing times for interns.

PMID- 3838541
TI  - Intrasubject experimental designs in osteopathic medicine: applications in
      clinical practice.

PMID- 3838542
TI  - Actuarial risk of isolated CNS involvement in Ewing's sarcoma following
      prophylactic cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate.
AB  - Records of 154 patients with Ewing's sarcoma treated at the National Cancer
      Institute were reviewed to assess the incidence and risk of developing isolated
      central nervous system (CNS) Ewing's sarcoma. Sixty-two of the 154 patients had
      received CNS irradiation and intrathecal (i.t.) methotrexate as part of their
      initial therapy to prevent the occurrence of isolated CNS Ewing's sarcoma. The
      risk of developing isolated CNS Ewing's sarcoma was greatest within the first two
      years after diagnosis and was approximately 10%. The overall risk of CNS
      recurrence in the group of patients receiving CNS treatment was similar to the
      group receiving no therapy directed to the CNS. The occurrence of isolated CNS
      involvement was not prevented by the use of CNS irradiation and i.t.
      methotrexate. Because of a lack of efficacy to the CNS irradiation regimen,
      current treatment regimens do not include therapy directed to the CNS.

PMID- 3838543
TI  - Alteration of surfactant function due to protein leakage: special interaction
      with fibrin monomer.
AB  - In isolated rabbit lungs standardized amounts of edema were induced. Stimulation
      with the Ca ionophore A23187, leukotriene C4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin
      and human serum (activated complement) all resulted in protein leakage into the
      alveolar space with no change in the total phospholipid content. The pressure
      volume characteristics of the lungs and the characteristics of the lavage
      surfactant (Wilhelmy balance) were markedly altered, correlating to the lavage
      protein content. The surfactant alterations were reproduced by addition of
      perfusion fluid protein to control surfactant in vitro. All changes were far less
      expressed or even missing in isolated lungs developing the same amount of edema
      due to omittance of proteins from the perfusion liquid. Different proteins added
      to control surfactant in the Wilhelmy balance showed a marked rank order of
      potency in interfering with surfactant function: immunoglobulins G and M and
      elastin less than albumin less than fibrinogen less than fibrin monomers. The
      fibrin monomer effect was reproduced by addition of thrombin to a surfactant
      fibrinogen mixture and was partly reversed by subsequent incubation with plasmin.
      In conclusion, high-permeability edema induced by different means results in
      alterations of lung mechanics and surface activity of lavaged surfactant,
      presumably due to protein surfactant interaction. Among different proteins,
      fibrin monomers are especially effective in interfering with surfactant function.

PMID- 3838545
TI  - Normal phase liquid chromatographic determination of nanogram quantities of
      ivermectin in cattle blood or plasma.
AB  - A method has been developed for determining ivermectin in 5 mL samples of cattle
      blood by a 2-step process: cleanup solvent extraction followed by direct
      injection onto a normal phase liquid chromatography (LC) system with UV
      detection. Recovery was 77-80% +/- 5.5% standard deviation. Endogenous
      interference that may be present caused the lower limit of detection to be set at
      4-5 ng/mL. The method was used to show that in blood the distribution of
      ivermectin favors plasma in a fixed proportion over cellular material, and
      further to provide a time-course profile of ivermectin in the whole blood of
      injected cattle. In whole blood, ivermectin concentration peaked between 3 and 5
      days and dissipated slowly with a half-life of 3 days.

PMID- 3838544
TI  - Surfactants identified in lung lymph and their ability to act as abhesives.
AB  - Phospholipid has been extracted from pulmonary lymph collected from 10 dogs. Thin
      layer chromatography was used to identify phosphatidylcholine (PC) 55.6 +/- 2.9%,
      sphingomyelin 21.3 +/- 1.7%, phosphatidylethanolamine 11.2 +/- 4.9%, and
      lysophosphatidylcholine 5.9 +/- 0.8%. All extracts proved highly surface active,
      reducing the surface tension of saline to 27.7 +/- 0.7 dyn/cm upon 80% film
      compression and increasing the maximum contact angle on glass (theta) from 7 +/-
      1 to 47.4 +/- 1.4 degrees. The hydrophobic properties induced on glass were
      further demonstrated by the ability to cause saline to withdraw and expose a dry
      surface. A standard adhesion test was used to measure the "tack" produced by the
      major proteins in lymph. However, when the surface energy of the hydrophilic
      glass surfaces was reduced by a monolayer of lymph phospholipid extract or an
      equivalent mixture of synthetic surfactants, the adhesive force was reduced by 79
      +/- 4% for albumin and 55 +/- 4% for globulin. As a 0.1% liposomal suspension, PC
      gave 55% release with albumin. Reversible bonding of the lumen of lymph vessels
      by the "tacky" proteins present is discussed as a possible factor contributing to
      the large changes in flow resistance known to occur in the pulmonary lymphatic
      system.

PMID- 3838546
TI  - Isolation and structures of glucagon and glucagon-like peptide from catfish
      pancreas.
AB  - Both glucagon and the structurally similar glucagon-like peptide proteolytically
      derived from preproglucagon were purified from the endocrine pancreas of the
      channel catfish (Ictalurus punctata). This study represents the first report of
      the isolation of glucagon-like peptide from any source. Peptide sequences of
      glucagon-like peptide from other species have only been deduced from the cDNA
      sequences for preproglucagon. The sequence of the 34-residue glucagon-like
      peptide was found to be HADGTYTSDVSSYLQDQAAKDFITWLKSGQPKPE. Catfish glucagon-like
      peptide shares sequence identity at 26 of 31 residues with the putative glucagon
      like peptide from anglerfish preproglucagon II. The mass of catfish glucagon-like
      peptide was found by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry to be 3785,
      identical with the value predicted by sequence analysis. This suggests that no
      post-translational modification occurs beyond proteolytic processing. The
      sequence of catfish glucagon was determined to be
      HSEGTFSNDYSKYLETRRAQDFVQWLM(N,S). Catfish glucagon exhibits a high degree of
      immunologic similarity with porcine glucagon by radioimmunoassay, whereas catfish
      glucagon-like peptide does not.

PMID- 3838547
TI  - Rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Gene sequence and regulation by glucocorticoids in
      transfected L-cells.
AB  - We have cloned and sequenced the rat gene coding for the acute phase reactant
      protein alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in order to determine which sequences are
      necessary for its regulation by glucocorticoids and which sequences are
      responsible for the sensitivity of this regulation to protein synthesis
      inhibitors. The gene contains six exons, as determined from the alpha 1-acid
      glycoprotein cDNA sequence, and five introns. Primer extension and S1 nuclease
      experiments have shown that there are two transcriptional start sites 4 base
      pairs apart. After cotransfection into mouse L-cells, the gene retains its
      inducibility by glucocorticoids, indicating that the sequences required for
      induction are within or around the gene. The induction of alpha 1-acid
      glycoprotein levels in transfected L-cells is sensitive to protein synthesis
      inhibitors, implying that in addition to the glucocorticoid receptor another
      protein(s) is necessary for full induction.

PMID- 3838548
TI  - Accelerated wound repair, cell proliferation, and collagen accumulation are
      produced by a cartilage-derived growth factor.
AB  - Cartilage-derived growth factor (CDGF), a cationic polypeptide of approximately
      18,000 mol wt, was prepared from bovine articular cartilage; other sources were
      bovine and human scapular and costal cartilage. Previous studies have shown that
      CDGF stimulates the proliferation of cultured mouse fibroblasts as well as
      chondrocytes and endothelial cells from various sources. In this study, CDGF was
      shown to stimulate dose-dependently the accumulation of DNA and collagen by rat
      embryo fibroblasts and a population of fibroblasts derived from granulation
      tissue. CDGF also stimulated the proliferation of cultured bovine capillary
      endothelial cells dose-dependently. To evaluate the effects of CDGF in vivo, we
      implanted polyvinyl alcohol sponges subcutaneously in rats. 6 d postimplantation,
      sponges were injected with 300 micrograms of partially purified CDGF, a dose
      which takes into account the cell numbers in the sponges as compared with cell
      cultures. CDGF rapidly disappeared from the sponges and only approximately 10% of
      the initial dose was present at 4 h. Despite its transient presence, CDGF caused
      a relative increase in sponge DNA content of 2.6-fold at 48 h and 2.4-fold at 72
      h. We repeated the sponge experiment by using 500-ng injections of CDGF purified
      to near homogeneity by heparin-Sepharose chromatography. Purified CDGF caused
      significant increases in sponge collagen, protein, and DNA content at 48 and 72 h
      after a single injection. The effects of CDGF were abolished by heat and
      unaffected by reduction of disulfide linkages. Morphologically, CDGF did not
      evoke an inflammatory response, and its effect on proliferating endothelial cells
      and fibroblasts was, therefore, probably direct. However, increases in DNA
      content of sponges could not be fully accounted for by increased DNA synthesis,
      which suggests that recruitment may be an important component of the in vivo
      response. Taken together, the effects of CDGF on cultured cells and granulation
      tissue suggest that the sustained presence of CDGF in vivo may greatly enhance
      its effects upon wound repair.

PMID- 3838549
TI  - Determination of folylpoly-gamma-glutamate carboxypeptidase (folacin conjugase)
      activity using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3838550
TI  - Direct cortical projections to the parabrachial nucleus in the cat.
AB  - Direct projections from the cerebral cortex to the parabrachial nucleus in the
      cat were examined by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)method. When HRP was
      injected into the parabrachial nucleus, retrogradely labeled neuronal cell bodies
      were seen, bilaterally with an ipsilateral predominance, mainly in the orbital
      gyrus, the lateral bank of the presylvian sulcus, and a restricted region in the
      infralimbic cortex on the medial surface of the frontal lobe (stereotaxic
      coordinates; Fr: 22, L: 1, H: -1); all labeled neurons were in deep pyramidal
      cell layer. After injecting HRP conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-HRP)
      into the cortical regions where retrogradely labeled neurons were found after
      injecting HRP into the parabrachial nucleus, anterogradely labeled cortical
      fibers were traced to the parabrachial nucleus. Corticoparabrachial fibers
      originating from the orbital gyrus and the lateral bank of the presylvian sulcus
      ran ipsilaterally through the internal capsule and the cerebral peduncle down to
      the lower brainstem, whereas those from the infralimbic cortex coursed down
      ipsilaterally through the medial forebrain bundle. These cortical fibers to the
      parabrachial nucleus were distributed bilaterally with an ipsilateral
      predominance. Cortical fiber terminals in the parabrachial nucleus were
      topographically arranged: Corticoparabrachial fibers from the lateral bank of the
      presylvian sulcus ended most massively in the dorsal part of the lateral
      parabrachial nucleus. Corticoparabrachial fibers from the orbital gyrus ended
      most heavily in the medial parabrachial nucleus and less heavily in the lateral
      parabrachial nucleus. Corticoparabrachial fibers from the infralimbic cortex
      ended mostly in the parabrachial regions surrounding the brachium conjunctivum.

PMID- 3838551
TI  - Cochlear implants as sensory aids for deaf children.

PMID- 3838553
TI  - DiGeorge syndrome: long-term survival complicated by Graves disease.

PMID- 3838552
TI  - Characterization of 1 alpha-hydroxylation of vitamin D3 sterols by cultured
      alveolar macrophages from patients with sarcoidosis.
AB  - We investigated the 1 alpha-hydroxylation of vitamin D3 sterols by cultured
      pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) from patients with sarcoidosis with or
      without clinically abnormal calcium homeostasis. Like the naturally occurring
      renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase, the PAM 1 alpha-hydroxylation reaction exhibited a
      high affinity for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) and a preference for substrates
      containing a 25-hydroxyl group in the side chain of the sterol. Unlike the renal
      enzyme, the PAM 1 alpha-hydroxylating mechanism was not accompanied by 24
      hydroxylating activity, even after preincubation with 75 nM 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin
      D3 [1,25-(OH)2-D3] or exposure to high concentrations of substrate (500 nM 25-OH
      D3). The PAM 25-OH-D3-1 alpha-hydroxylation reaction was stimulated by gamma
      interferon and inhibited by exposure to the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. The
      characteristics of the PAM hydroxylation process in vitro appear to reflect the
      efficiency of the extrarenal production of 1,25-(OH)2-D3 and the therapeutic
      efficacy of glucocorticoids in patients with sarcoidosis and disordered calcium
      metabolism.

PMID- 3838554
TI  - Sorbothotics, soft tissue supplement orthoses.

PMID- 3838555
TI  - Dermacentor (Indocentor) auratus (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae): hosts,
      distribution, and medical importance in tropical Asia.

PMID- 3838556
TI  - Susceptibility of small mammals to nonvirulent spotted fever group rickettsiae.

PMID- 3838557
TI  - Crystallization of chicken egg white cystatin, a low molecular weight protein
      inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, and preliminary X-ray diffraction data.
AB  - The shorter-chain form of chicken egg white cystatin has been crystallized in 1.6
      M-phosphate buffer at pH 4.0 by vapour diffusion. The crystals are of trigonal
      space group P3121 (or P3221), have cell constants a = b = 47.9 A, c = 87.5 A,
      alpha = beta = 90 degrees, gamma = 120 degrees, and contain one molecule of
      12,191 molecular weight per asymmetric unit. They diffract well to about 2.0 A
      resolution and are suitable for X-ray crystal structure analysis.

PMID- 3838558
TI  - Mycotic aneurysms in intravenous drug abuse: diagnosis and management.
AB  - Mycotic aneurysms are caused by microorganisms in the vessel wall. The most
      commonly reported cause of mycotic aneurysms today is intravenous drug abuse. The
      diagnosis should be entertained whenever a mass is encountered over a major
      vessel in an intravenous drug abuser. The clinical findings often include a
      tender, pulsatile mass overlying an artery. The single best diagnostic test is
      the arteriogram. The treatment is based on early exploration with debridement of
      all necrotic and infected tissue, effective drainage, and appropriate antibiotic
      coverage.Restoration of vascular continuity is desirable when possible, and
      necessary when the viability of the extremity requires it. When reconstitution of
      the vessel is contemplated, the following principles are advocated (1) resection
      of all nonviable arterial wall, (2) use of monofilament synthetic suture, (3)
      achievement of a tension-free anastomosis with or without the use of autogenous
      grafts, (4) effective local drainage, and (5) appropriate antibiotic coverage.

PMID- 3838559
TI  - The trauma registry: a method for providing regional system audit using the
      microcomputer.
AB  - Medical accountability is an essential component of a system for trauma care. The
      microcomputerized regional trauma registry provides a simple method of providing
      accountability by integrating medical and system information to evaluate quality
      of care, adequacy of system criteria, and system compliance. The regional trauma
      registry is developed by identifying all patients who are suspected or known to
      have sustained a serious injury, whether or not they received trauma system care,
      and documenting their course from initial contact through final disposition. The
      microcomputer provides an inexpensive and readily available method for storing
      and evaluating the database. Information derived from the regional trauma
      registry is useful for profiling the nature and extent of trauma and for
      monitoring and modifying the system to improve patient access and medical care.

PMID- 3838560
TI  - Comparison of blood serum iodine levels with use of Iodoplex and povidone iodine
      ointment.
AB  - Concentrations of iodine were assayed in burn patients, who were covered with
      Iodoplex ointment up to 30% of their body surface. The iodine levels in the serum
      were found to be in linear proportion to the area treated with an increase of 30
      micrograms iodine per 100 ml of serum for 1% of TBSA. The maximal levels were
      reached within 24 hours of applying the Iodoplex ointment and decreased quickly
      following its discontinuation. Concentrations of the iodine were much lower than
      those found after treatment with povidone iodine, a fact which indicates that
      using Iodoplex in second-degree burns and donor sites entails fewer possible
      complications due to high levels of iodine in the serum than with povidone
      iodine.

PMID- 3838561
TI  - [Pulmonary surfactant function and the prevention of pulmonary complications in
      acute surgical pathology complicated by peritonitis].

PMID- 3838563
TI  - [Association of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and adult-type polymyositis].

PMID- 3838562
TI  - [Use of thymalin for preventing postoperative suppurative and inflammatory
      complications].

PMID- 3838564
TI  - [Transmission of hepatitis B].

PMID- 3838565
TI  - Iowa cochlear implant clinical project: results with two single-channel cochlear
      implants and one multi-channel cochlear implant.
AB  - Cochlear implants have become a realistic alternative for the management of
      profoundly deaf patients. A variety of implants with differing electrode designs
      and coding strategies have been developed by nine major implant centers around
      the world. Each center has their "star" patient, but objective comparisons
      between these different implant designs are unavailable. In order to determine
      the performance characteristics of the present generation of cochlear implants,
      comparison data are vital. We have developed an independent center where uniform
      objective comparisons of different cochlear implants can be performed
      longitudinally. This report will present results of nine patients implanted with
      three different cochlear implant prostheses. Four patients have been implanted
      with the Los Angeles (House) single-channel implant, three patients have received
      the Vienna (Hochmair) single-channel intracochlear device, and two patients have
      been implanted with the Melbourne (Clark) 21-channel unit. All patients have had
      11 months or more of experience with their cochlear prostheses. The results of a
      comprehensive audiologic battery which includes audiovisual and environmental
      tasks are presented. All implants provide significant improvement in
      speechreading and sound awareness. The findings to date suggest that there is
      strong correlation between top-down cognitive processing (as reflected by lip
      reading skills) and performance with cochlear implants.

PMID- 3838566
TI  - Hydrocortisone and 'macrocortin' inhibit the zymosan-induced release of lyso-PAF
      from rat peritoneal leucocytes.
AB  - Hydrocortisone and the glucocorticoid-induced anti-phospholipase protein
      macrocortin, were tested as inhibitors of PAF generation. The steroid produced a
      dose-dependent inhibition of the release of the PAF precursor 2-lyso-PAF, and
      this effect was mimicked by affinity-purified macrocortin. Neither agent had any
      effect on the acetylation of lyso-PAF to PAF. Of other drugs tested only
      phospholipase inhibitors blocked lyso-PAF release and sulphydryl reagents blocked
      the acetylation step. It is concluded that glucocorticoids inhibit the generation
      of PAF and this could be an important component of their anti-anaphylactic and
      anti-inflammatory action.

PMID- 3838567
TI  - Action of cobra venom phospholipase A2 on large unilamellar vesicles: comparison
      with small unilamellar vesicles and multibilayers.
AB  - Phospholipase A2 (Naja naja naja) catalyzes the hydrolysis of dipalmitoyl
      phosphatidylcholine in small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) with a faster initial
      rate than in large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) and multilamellar vesicles (MLVs).
      For the SUVs, the hydrolysis was initially faster for gel phase than liquid
      crystalline phase phospholipid. For both LUVs and MLVs, hydrolysis was low except
      in a small temperature range around the thermotropic phase transition of the
      phospholipid. In this temperature range, the reaction time course of
      phospholipase action on dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine in LUVs and MLVs included
      a lag period. With SUVs, a lag period also was observed above the phase
      transition temperature, but it was not observed below it.

PMID- 3838568
TI  - [Changes in the lungs in patients with lymphogranulomatosis, Stages I-II,
      following combination therapy].
AB  - Early and late pulmonary changes in 140 patients with Hodgkin's disease, Stages I
      II, following combined treatment (polychemo- and radiotherapy) are analysed.
      Radiation pulmonitis and local paramediastinal fibrosis occur less frequently and
      they are less noticeable in combined therapy as compared to similar changes
      developing after radiation therapy only. It can be due to the fact that a course
      of polychemotherapy at its first stage results in a considerable decrease of the
      mediastinal lymph nodes (up to their complete regression) thus making it possible
      to shape irradiation fields of smaller sizes and to decrease the volume of
      pulmonary tissue to be irradiated.

PMID- 3838569
TI  - An interactive computerised protocol for the management of hypertension.

PMID- 3838570
TI  - A prostatic-like acid phosphatase is present in human lactating milk.
AB  - The presence of a prostatic-like acid phosphatase is reported in human lactating
      milk. Its activity is associated with skim milk and it could be separated from
      the other acid phosphatases only after Triton X-100 treatment. By all the
      criteria applied, it appears to be very similar to prostatic acid phosphatase. An
      approximate molecular weight of 96 000 was measured for the native enzyme, which
      is inhibited by L-(+)tartrate and has similar electrophoretic migration. Besides,
      it hydrolyzes choline-o-phosphate very well and cross-reacts with an antibody
      anti-prostatic acid phosphatase. This prostatic-like acid phosphatase has also
      been detected in a human mammary carcinoma from a lactating patient.

PMID- 3838571
TI  - [Conformation of dinucleoside phosphates: the conformation encoding hypothesis].
AB  - The temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate of nucleic bases
      protones and HI' of ApA, ApC, CpA and CpC (D2O, pH 7) were measured. The possible
      closed conformers of these dinucleoside phosphates (DNP) were computed by atom
      atom potential method. On the basis of conformational calculation and
      experimental data the composition of closed state was determined. Besides the
      right-handed "canonic" conformers, the "non-canonic" right- and left-handed
      conformers were shown to be present in the solution of all DNP studied. It is
      important to note that, "canonic" conformers of DNP studied being equally
      probable, the possibility of the realization of "non-canonic" conformers is
      determined by the nucleotide sequence. It may be expected that different
      nucleotide sequences have unique "non-canonic" conformations. That type of
      dependence of the spatial organization of polynucleotides on its nucleotide
      sequence we call "the conformational encoding".

PMID- 3838572
TI  - Identification and initial characterisation of a pyrimidine dimer UV endonuclease
      (UV endonuclease beta) from Deinococcus radiodurans; a DNA-repair enzyme that
      requires manganese ions.
AB  - An endonuclease that incises lightly ultraviolet-irradiated supercoiled plasmid
      DNA was identified in cell-free extracts of Deinococcus radiodurans R1 wild-type.
      The endonuclease was absent from strains mutant in the uvsC, uvsD or uvsE genes
      identifying it as 'UV endonuclease beta' responsible for the initial incision
      step of one excision-repair pathway for the removal of pyrimidine dimers from D.
      radiodurans DNA in vivo. The enzyme was purified free from contaminating nuclease
      activities and was partially characterised. The enzyme has an apparent molecular
      weight of 36 000, is ATP-independent, caffeine-insensitive and is inactivated by
      N-ethylmaleimide. It also has a novel requirement for manganese ions
      distinguishing it from all other known DNA-repair enzymes.

PMID- 3838573
TI  - Effect of amoscanate derivative CGP 8065 on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in Ascaris
      suum.
AB  - Evidence is provided for the occurrence of a multienzyme complex consisting of
      several aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases besides 'free enzymes' in Ascaris suum. The
      molecular mass of this complex was calculated to be about 10(6) daltons, compared
      to about 150 000 daltons for the seryl-tRNA synthetase. Leucyl-, isoleucyl-,
      arginyl- and lysyl-tRNA synthestases were found in the high molecular weight
      fraction. The Michaelis constants of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases were found
      to be in the range of 4 to 10 microM for amino acids and of 0.1 to 1.0 mM for
      ATP. Leucyl- and isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase interact with the amoscanate
      derivative CGP 8065. The inhibition constants were determined to be 34 microM and
      8 microM, respectively. The type of inhibition was found to be competitive with
      respect to ATP. It is proposed that the interference of CGP 8065 with the
      charging of tRNA might be another target for the chemotherapeutic attack of this
      amoscanate derivative.

PMID- 3838574
TI  - The human T-cell receptor alpha-chain gene maps to chromosome 14.
AB  - The T-cell receptor for antigen has been identified as a disulphide-linked
      heterodimeric glycoprotein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 90,000 comprising an
      alpha- and a beta-chain. The availability of complementary DNA clones encoding
      mouse and human beta-chains has allowed a detailed characterization of the
      genomic organization of the beta-chain gene family and has revealed that
      functional beta-chain genes in T cells are generated from recombination events
      involving variable (V), diversity (D), joining (J) and constant (C) gene
      segments. Recently, cDNA clones encoding mouse and human alpha-chains have been
      described; the sequences of these clones have indicated that functional alpha
      chain genes are also generated from multiple gene segments. It is possible that
      chromosomal translocations involving T-cell receptor alpha- and beta-chain genes
      have a role in T-cell neoplasms in much the same way as translocations involving
      immunoglobulin genes are associated with oncogenic transformation in B cells. In
      the latter case, the chromosomal localization of the immunoglobulin genes
      provided one of the first indications of the involvement of such translocations
      in oncogenic transformation. The chromosomal assignment of the alpha- and beta
      chain genes may, therefore, provide equally important clues for T-cell neoplastic
      transformation. The chromosomal location of the mouse and human beta-chain gene
      family has been determined: the murine gene lies on chromosome 6 (refs 12, 13)
      whereas the human gene is located on chromosome 7 (refs 13, 14). Here we use a
      cDNA clone encoding the human alph-chain to map the corresponding gene to
      chromosome 14.

PMID- 3838575
TI  - Two types of neuronal muscarine receptors modulating acetylcholine release from
      guinea-pig myenteric plexus.
AB  - Longitudinal muscle strips of the guinea-pig ileum were incubated with
      [3H]choline and the effects of muscarinic agonists on smooth muscle contraction
      and on spontaneous and electrically-evoked outflow of tritium were studied.
      Muscarine and pilocarpine concentration-dependently increased both muscle
      contraction and spontaneous outflow of [3H]ACh, and inhibited the electrically
      evoked outflow of [3H]ACh. The increase in spontaneous outflow was prevented by
      tetrodotoxin and scopolamine, but not by hexamethonium. Oxotremorine (1-100
      microM) did not increase the spontaneous outflow of tritium. Pirenzepine in
      concentrations of 10 and 100 nM hardly affected the muscle contractions induced
      by pilocarpine, but significantly antagonized the pilocarpine-evoked increases in
      [3H]ACh outflow. Likewise, pirenzepine (100 nM) antagonized more effectively the
      enhancement by muscarine of spontaneous outflow than the inhibitory effect of
      muscarine on the electrically-evoked release of [3H]ACh. Scopolamine (1 and 10
      nM) antagonized to a similar extent the effects of pilocarpine on spontaneous
      outflow of [3H]ACh and on muscle contraction. The results suggest that the
      cholinergic nerves of the myenteric plexus are endowed with excitatory
      (ganglionic) and inhibitory (prejunctional) muscarine receptors which modulate
      the release of ACh and which differ in their affinities to pirenzepine.

PMID- 3838576
TI  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) reduces field stimulation-evoked release of noradrenaline
      and enhances force of contraction in the rat portal vein.
AB  - The effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on fractional tritium-noradrenaline (3H-NA)
      release and contractile activity was studied in the isolated portal vein of SHR
      and WKY rats. NPY (5 X 10(-7) M) enhanced the force of the spontaneous
      contractile activity by about 40%. The fractional 3H-release elicited by
      transmural nerve stimulation (TNS), which mainly reflects 3H-NA, was reduced by
      about 40% after preincubation with 5 X 10(-7) M NPY in portal veins from both SHR
      and WKY rats. The inhibitory effect of NPY on TNS-evoked 3H-release was more
      slowly reversed by washout than the facilitatory action on spontaneous
      contractile force. The contractile response to field stimulation was not reduced
      by NPY, but rather tended to be increased. It is concluded that NPY exerts a dual
      action in the SHR and WKY portal vein, thus enhancing the smooth muscle
      contractions and inhibiting sympathetic neurotransmission. The inhibitory effect
      of NPY on TNS-evoked NA efflux, which is present in both SHR and WKY rats, is
      most likely due to a presynaptic site of action.

PMID- 3838577
TI  - [An unexpected severely allergic reaction to infant food in 2 children with known
      allergies to cow's milk and egg white].

PMID- 3838579
TI  - Determination of amniotic fluid microviscosity at body temperature: a predictor
      of fetal lung maturity.
AB  - One of the most convenient ways to determine fetal lung maturity is by measuring
      the fluorescence polarization (P) of the amniotic fluid at room temperature. With
      sensitivity fixed on 100%, specificity is relatively unsatisfactory. The present
      study compared the predictive power of fluorescence polarization measured at
      temperatures 25C (P25), 37C (P37), and 40C (P40) among 195 consecutive samples
      tested at both 25C and 37C, with a subgroup of 86 samples tested also at 40C. A
      better separation between the results for fetuses with and without hyaline
      membrane disease is attained at P37, demonstrated by a greater mean standardized
      distance (distance between P values for those patients with and the mean P value
      for those patients without hyaline membrane disease in unit of standard deviation
      of the latter; 1.597 +/- 0.528 for P25 versus 2.332 +/- 0.591 for P37). Fixing
      the sensitivity at 100%, the specificity of P25 and P37, were 68.9 and 94.9%,
      respectively; a highly significant difference (P less than .001). The specificity
      of P40 was 90.5%, lower than that of P37. P37 is the best predictor and adding
      either P25 or P40 does not improve the prediction of lung maturity. It is
      concluded that P37 should replace P25 as the definite index for fetal lung
      maturity.

PMID- 3838578
TI  - Detection of the messenger RNAs coding for the opioid peptide precursors in
      pituitary and adrenal by "in situ' hybridization: study in several mammal
      species.
AB  - The messenger RNAs coding for opioid peptide precursors have been detected and
      mapped in histological sections by "in situ' hybridization using specific DNA
      probes labelled with 32P. Using bovine preproenkephalin A (PPA) cDNA, PPA mRNA
      was detected in adrenal medulla of bull, hamster and guinea pig. No signal was
      detected in adrenal of man, rat and cat. The pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA was
      detected in pituitary of man, bull, cat, rat and pig, in all cells of the
      intermediate lobe as well as in scattered cells of the anterior lobe producing
      POMC. Adequate controls demonstrated the specificity of the labelling. These
      results provide evidence of the expression of the gene coding for PPA in the
      adrenal and for POMC in the pituitary. They show cross-hybridization of one DNA
      probe with mRNAs of various mammals and then provide evidence that one single
      probe can be used to analyze expression of a given gene in tissues of several
      animal species by "in situ' hybridization.

PMID- 3838580
TI  - The reproducibility of computerized boundary analysis for measuring optic disc
      pallor in the normal optic disc.
AB  - The optic discs of eight normal subjects were photographed on three separate
      visits under widely varying conditions. Each photograph was scanned by a
      television camera, converted to digital form, and then analyzed using computer
      image analysis techniques. The computer was programmed to delineate the boundary
      around the optic disc and the area of pallor. The percentage of disc pallor was
      then computed across the entire disc and for each disc quadrant. The
      reproducibility of the procedure was determined by evaluating several
      photographic parameters: camera flash intensity, film type, magnification, and
      centering of the disc in the photograph. The focus adjustment on the television
      scanner was also varied. Under carefully controlled conditions, results showed
      that the reproducibility of measuring the total percent of disc pallor was 2%.
      Results for reproducibility are also given for less than optimal conditions and
      for manual planimetry on the same set of photographs.

PMID- 3838581
TI  - Detection of increased pallor over time. Computerized image analysis in untreated
      ocular hypertension.
AB  - Computerized image analysis was used to measure changes in percent area of pallor
      of the optic disc in a retrospective study of a group of 16 normals and 39
      untreated ocular hypertensives. The optic discs of the subjects were photographed
      on at least two visits at least one year apart (mean, 2 years). No significant
      changes in area of pallor for the normal group were observed between visits,
      except in the inferior quadrant of the left eye. The ocular hypertensive group
      showed a significant increase in area of pallor between visits for the total disc
      and for most quadrants of both eyes. Multiple regression analysis revealed that,
      in addition to ocular hypertension, the significant factors associated with a
      change in optic disc pallor were change of ocular pressure, standard deviation of
      the ocular pressures, presence of vascular hypertension, and standard deviation
      of vascular pulse pressures. Clinical implications of early detection of disc
      changes for follow-up and treatment of ocular hypertensives are discussed.

PMID- 3838582
TI  - Intrathecal morphine for intractable pain secondary to cancer of pelvic organs.
AB  - Sixty-two patients with intractable pain secondary to cancer of the pelvic organs
      were managed with intrathecal injections of morphine. Forty-six patients
      experienced pain relief from an initial test dose that ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 mg.
      In order to provide long-term pain relief, these 46 patients were further treated
      with repeated single injections (14 patients), external catheter (28 patients),
      or implanted pump (4 patients). Twenty-four of the 46 patients received pain
      relief without developing tolerance or side effects or experiencing mechanical
      failure of the application systems. When side effects developed, they were
      generally itching, sphincter disorder and somnolence. No serious respiratory
      depression was noted. Intrathecal morphine offers a hopeful alternative to
      systemic narcotics or ablative neurosurgical procedures in the management of
      terminal cancer pain.

PMID- 3838584
TI  - Neuropsychological sequelae of childhood cancer in long-term survivors.
AB  - In order to assess the effects of various cancer treatments on neuropsychological
      functioning, 74 long-term survivors of childhood cancer were examined. A
      comprehensive battery of tests was administered to two CNS treatment groups
      (irradiated and nonirradiated leukemia and lymphoma patients) and a control group
      (solid tumor and Hodgkin disease patients receiving no CNS treatment). The CNS
      irradiated group obtained lower scores than the other two groups, with
      significant differences in visual-motor and fine motor skills, spatial memory,
      and arithmetic achievement resulting in significant differences in IQ scores
      (VIQ, PIQ, FSIQ). The results are discussed in relation to: (1) the effects of
      CNS irradiation on cognitive development; (2) the specificity of these effects;
      and (3) the relationship of age at diagnosis to treatment effects. It is
      concluded that although there is a general lowering of scores after CNS
      irradiation, the effect is most pronounced for nonlanguage skills. Age at
      diagnosis was less important than the type of treatment, with CNS irradiation
      reducing performance regardless of when cancer was diagnosed. There were
      indications that children with any type of cancer diagnosed before age 5 years
      are more likely to have some cognitive difficulties.

PMID- 3838583
TI  - Composition and surface activity of normal and phosphatidylglycerol-deficient
      lung surfactant.
AB  - The possibility that pulmonary surfactant, characterized by a
      phosphatidylglycerol deficiency, as in early fetal life, might have inferior
      surface properties was evaluated. We obtained this specific surfactant from adult
      rabbits by withholding glucose and giving them an excess of myoinositol by mouth
      and intravenously. Controls were given a similar quantity of glucose. The
      myoinositol resulted in a drastic reduction of surfactant phosphatidylglycerol,
      from 7.2 to 0.3% of phospholipids, and a corresponding increase in
      phosphatidylinositol from 4.8 to 11.3%. In addition, the myoinositol treatment
      increased the myoinositol that was disaturated from 18.5 to 27.3% (p less than
      0.05). The corresponding figures for disaturated phosphatidyl-choline were 56.0
      and 60.5%, respectively (NS). The myoinositol treatment for 4 days increased the
      pool size of alveolar surfactant by 32% (p less than 0.01). The surface activity
      was studied with modified Wilhelmy balance and the pulsating bubble
      surfactometer. Surfactant containing phosphatidylinositol rather than
      phosphatidylglycerol was not inferior, as compared to surfactant that contained
      phosphatidylglycerol (minimum surface tension: 2.0 versus 2.2 mN X m-1; collapse
      rate at 10 nM X m-1: 1.85 versus 1.95 min-1; rate of adsorption from subphase to
      surface: 32 versus 35 mN X m-1 X 30 s-1), nor was there a difference in the
      ability of the two surfactants to improve lung stability of 27-day-old rabbit
      fetuses (air retention at 35 cm H2O: 1.8 versus 1.8 ml/30 g; air retention at 0
      cm H20: 0.8 versus 0.9 ml/30 g). We conclude that phosphatidylinositol surfactant
      does not have inferior surface properties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3838585
TI  - Phosphate fluxes in isolated enterocytes from vitamin D replete and vitamin D
      deficient rats--early effects of calcitriol.
AB  - In the present work we studied rapid in vitro effects of calcitriol (1,25(OH)2
      vitamin D3) on the intestinal transport of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Enterocytes
      from vitamin D replete (D+) as well as vitamin D depleted (D-) rats were isolated
      mechanically from the duodeno-jejunum. In this model, Pi uptake was a temperature
      and Na+-dependent phenomenon. The in vitro-addition of calcitriol (1 pM) resulted
      in a significant enhancement of initial Pi uptake rate by enterocytes from D+ (P
      less than 0.01) and D- (P less than 0.05) rats. This effect which was Na+
      dependent, was observed within the time of 20 min, but not before. A similar
      effect on Pi uptake rates of D+ or D- enterocytes could be elicited by the in
      vitro addition of the methyl ester of cis-vaccinic acid (MCVA) which is thought
      to increase membrane fluidity by modifying the lipid composition of the cell
      membrane. The stimulatory effect of calcitriol on Pi uptake rate was blunted in
      the presence of the methyl ester of transvaccinic acid (MTVA) thought to decrease
      membrane fluidity. Enterocyte Pi efflux rate constant (oKPi) remained unchanged
      in the presence of calcitriol (1 pM). In conclusion, the study demonstrates a
      rapid in vitro effect of calcitriol on Pi uptake by isolated enterocytes from D+
      and D- rats. It suggests, but does not prove, that the hormone may act via an
      action independent of genomic nuclear activation.

PMID- 3838587
TI  - Evidence of place conditioning after chronic intrathecal morphine in rats.
AB  - The acute administration of either systemic or intrathecal morphine produced an
      antinociceptive reaction on the tail flick test; only systemic morphine produced
      a sedative effect on motor activity. Rats receiving chronic intrathecal
      injections were hyperactive relative to saline injected control subjects. After a
      series of four injections, a place preference was induced by both routes of
      administration: rats who had previously received morphine either by subcutaneous
      or intrathecal injection spent significantly more time in the context in which
      the drug had been given, relative to rats who were comparably injected with
      saline. These data suggest that chronic intrathecal morphine in rats may elicit a
      discriminable cue, either through direct pharmacological stimulation of
      supraspinal sites, or, indirectly, as a consequence of spinal opiate action.

PMID- 3838586
TI  - Hodgkin's disease in adults: the challenge.

PMID- 3838588
TI  - Does the aerobic xanthine oxidase reaction generate singlet oxygen?

PMID- 3838589
TI  - Orbital volume measurements in enophthalmos using three-dimensional CT imaging.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate enophthalmos by measuring the volume
      of various orbital structures using off-line computer techniques on images
      generated by a CT scanner. Eleven patients with enophthalmos had CT scans of the
      orbits consisting of 30 to 40 adjacent 1.5-mm slices. The data from the scans
      were analyzed on a Nova 830 stand-alone computer system using software programs
      that allowed measurement of total bony orbital volume, total soft-tissue volume,
      globe volume, orbital fat volume, neuromuscular tissue volume, and apex-to-globe
      distance in the horizontal plane. These data were analyzed comparing the volumes
      in the normal eye with the volumes in the enophthalmic eye in each patient. The
      analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in bony orbital volume
      in the enophthalmic eye, but the total soft-tissue volume, fat volume,
      neuromuscular tissue volume, and globe volume were the same as in the normal eye.
      The apex-to-globe distance, a measure of the degree of enophthalmos, was less in
      the enophthalmic eye than in the normal eye. These results suggest that in the
      majority of patients, the cause of posttraumatic enophthalmos is increased bony
      orbital volume rather than by soft-tissue loss or fat necrosis. (Several patients
      showed no volume discrepancies, and it is likely that cicatricial contracture is
      responsible for the enophthalmos in these cases.) This study suggests that the
      objective of surgery for correction of enophthalmos in patients with a volume
      discrepancy should be to decrease the volume of the bony orbit and to increase
      the anterior projection of the globe.

PMID- 3838591
TI  - [Cochlear implants in the deaf: indications, methods, results].

PMID- 3838590
TI  - An alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy combination for non-Hodgkin's
      lymphomas of unfavourable histologies: feasibility and preliminary results.
AB  - In 1980, on the basis of fundamental and clinical data, a protocol was developed
      at the Institut Gustave-Roussy, alternating eight monthly courses of chemotherapy
      (CHVP) and two or three radiotherapy sequences (15 Gy in 6 fractions of 10 days,
      each), to treat non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of unfavourable histologies, mainly stage
      II, presenting bulky tumours. Systemic, haematological and digestive tolerances
      were satisfactory. For 19 previously untreated stage II patients, overall
      survival and relapse-free survival after 30 months were 85 and 65%, respectively.
      Three of the relapses were observed in patients who did not receive the
      alternating schedule in an optimal way; this suggests that these results can be
      further improved.

PMID- 3838592
TI  - [Artificial milk].

PMID- 3838593
TI  - Redesigning trypsin: alteration of substrate specificity.
AB  - A general method for modifying eukaryotic genes by site-specific mutagenesis and
      subsequent expression in mammalian cells was developed to study the relation
      between structure and function of the proteolytic enzyme trypsin. Glycine
      residues at positions 216 and 226 in the binding cavity of trypsin were replaced
      by alanine residues, resulting in three trypsin mutants. Computer graphic
      analysis suggested that these substitutions would differentially affect arginine
      and lysine substrate binding of the enzyme. Although the mutant enzymes were
      reduced in catalytic rate, they showed enhanced substrate specificity relative to
      the native enzyme. This increased specificity was achieved by the unexpected
      differential effects on the catalytic activity toward arginine and lysine
      substrates. Mutants containing alanine at position 226 exhibited an altered
      conformation that may be converted to a trypsin-like structure upon binding of a
      substrate analog.

PMID- 3838594
TI  - Computer-assisted analysis in organic synthesis.
AB  - The planning of alternative routes for the synthesis of complex organic molecules
      has been facilitated by the formulation of guiding strategies that can be applied
      to a broad range of problems. Analysis of organic synthesis can be carried out in
      the retrosynthetic direction, opposite to the actual process of chemical
      synthesis, or bidirectionally, that is, as a combined retrosynthetic and
      synthetic search. An interactive computer program is described which utilizes the
      general strategies of retrosynthetic analysis and an appropriate database to
      generate pathways of chemical intermediates for chemical synthesis of a
      particular target structure. Computer graphics and standard chemical structures
      are used for man-machine communication.

PMID- 3838596
TI  - Severe angina and a systolic murmur.

PMID- 3838597
TI  - Recurrence of duodenal ulceration in patients on maintenance sucralfate. A 12
      month follow-up study.
AB  - A single-blind, 1-year follow-up study of 70 patients with recently healed
      duodenal ulcers was undertaken to assess the value of sucralfate (Ulsanic;
      Continental Ethicals) in preventing recurrence and to establish the lowest dose
      required to achieve this. Endoscopy was repeated on clinical relapse and
      routinely at 6 and 12 months. Fifty of the 70 patients were followed up for 12
      months or to recurrence proved on endoscopy; the remaining 20 patients were
      excluded from analysis because of default or protocol violation. Endoscopic
      evidence of recurrence was found in 6 of 19 patients (32%) given sucralfate 1 g
      twice a day (group B), in 7 of 15 (47%) on sucralfate 1 g at night (group A), and
      in 13 of 16 controls (81%). The recurrence rates in groups A and B were
      significantly lower than in the control group (P less than 0,05 and P less than
      0,005 respectively), and there was a significant gradient between the number of
      patients in remission at 12 months and the amount of medication (P less than
      0,05).

PMID- 3838595
TI  - Insertion mutagenesis of embryonal carcinoma cells by retroviruses.
AB  - Mutagenesis was studied in cultured F9 embryonal carcinoma cells infected with a
      variant of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Proviral insertion induced the
      inactivation of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase locus, and the virus
      was used to isolate the mutated genes rapidly. Mutagenesis by these methods may
      be useful for the genetic dissection of the various mammalian cell phenotypes.

PMID- 3838598
TI  - OKT4 positive Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3838599
TI  - Equitable evaluation in the teaching of integrated clinical medicine.
AB  - When clinical medicine is offered as an integrated subject for undergraduate
      students it poses a problem when it comes to evaluation. Departmental heads
      become concerned about students' tendency to neglect or even disregard 'minor'
      subjects because of their small contribution to the composite evaluation mark. A
      method for allocating weights to various subjects was devised and a computer
      programme for random allocation of the percentage content of major and minor
      subjects established. As experience over the past 5 years has shown, the system
      has been found acceptable by both teachers and students.

PMID- 3838600
TI  - Histologic study of normal rat brain tissue after neodymium-yttrium aluminum
      garnet laser irradiation. I. Cerebral hemisphere.
AB  - We report a histologic study of normal rat brain tissue after neodymium-yttrium
      aluminum garnet laser irradiation. Morphological changes occurred at a maximum
      depth of 5 mm after 60-W, 1-second exposure, at a 2-mm distance between the
      optical fiber tip and the brain surface. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration
      into the irradiated area was observed 48 hours after irradiation. After 72 hours,
      macrophages and fibroblasts appeared; their number increased thereafter. At 1
      month, tissue defects attributable to neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet laser
      irradiation were small. Gliotic changes were rarely seen. We conclude that 60-W
      irradiation is harmful to young rats but not to adult rats.

PMID- 3838601
TI  - Lack of synergism between dazoxiben and dipyridamole following administration to
      man.

PMID- 3838602
TI  - Histidine-rich glycoprotein inhibits the antithrombin activity of heparin
      cofactor II in the presence of heparin or dermatan sulfate.

PMID- 3838603
TI  - Long term study of the effect of rifampicin and isoniazid on vitamin D
      metabolism.
AB  - Eight patients with tuberculosis were studied before, during and after 9 months
      treatment with rifampicin and isoniazid to assess the overall effect on vitamin D
      metabolism. No significant uniform change in either 1,25(OH)2D or 25 OH D nor in
      any of the other biochemistry measured occurred during the study. It seems
      unlikely that the combined effects of these drugs causes clinically significant
      derangement of vitamin D metabolism in patients treated over a 9 month period for
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 3838604
TI  - Cardiac function evaluation in AMSA-treated patients.
AB  - Cardiac function was monitored by means of ECG and systolic time intervals in 13
      patients submitted to treatment with 4'-(9-acridinylamino) methanesulfon-m
      aniside (AMSA) without the classical reconstitution vehicle N1N
      dimethylacetamide. ECG changes were represented by flattening of T waves (100%),
      sporadic atrial extrasystoles (23%), and sporadic or coupled ventricular
      premature beats (7.6%). These alterations were transient and not dose related.
      The systolic time interval ratio, recorded at the end of infusion and 2 h after
      drug administration, did not change significantly from pretreatment values.
      Systolic time intervals recorded in 6 patients after the mean cumulative dose of
      550 mg/m2, and in 3 patients after the mean cumulative dose of 1000 mg/m2, did
      not change from mean basal values. Present data failed to confirm the occurrence
      of a significantly cardiotoxic activity of AMSA.

PMID- 3838605
TI  - Bladder irritative symptoms in an elderly woman.

PMID- 3838607
TI  - [Micromanipulatory sperm injection--a new method in the treatment of infertile
      males].
AB  - Three couples were selected for this preliminary sperm injection study with their
      consent, since in all three cases the zona free hamster egg penetration test was
      negative and in one couple previous attempts of in vitro fertilization were
      unsuccessful. Of 22 eggs, recovered from three patients, 9 from each patient 3
      were injected with sperm, while the others were inseminated by the standard IVF
      protocol. Before manipulating human eggs extended experiments were performed with
      animals eggs, so decreasing the rate of damage to under 10%. Additionally we
      optimized the method by using an individual adapted equipment. Manipulation was
      performed by penetration of the zona pellucida with a 5 to 7 mu thick injection
      pipet into the perivitilline space so damaging of the egg cytoplasm was avoided.
      This special technique for sperm injection was not used till now in this
      indication. From the nine eggs used in this experiment one egg developed a
      pronucleus and one egg developed to a four-cell stage. We could not achieve a
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3838606
TI  - [Results of a pilot study of hyaluronidase as an adjunct to cytostatic therapy in
      malignant diseases].
AB  - 46 patients (17 myelomas, 11 malignant lymphomas, 8 mammary carcinomas, 7 head
      and neck carcinomas, 2 gastrointestinal carcinomas and 1 ovarian carcinoma) were
      treated with Permease prepared of bovine testes by Sanabo. 7500 i.u. were given
      either intramuscular one hour before cytostatic chemotherapy or intraperitoneally
      with cytostatic agents. There were 2 cases of local irritation on the site of
      injection and 1 case of reversible anaphylactoid reaction. Results achieved in
      patients treated with the same chemotherapy in spite of resistance, but with
      addition of Permease: myeloma CR 2/9, subjective improvement 7/9; 5 patients
      expired, median observation time: 13 months; non-Hodgkin-lymphomas CR 2/5, PR
      2/5; 2 patients expired, median observation time: 9 months; breast cancer PR 2/4,
      2 patients expired, median observation time: 5 months, 1 patient with Morbus
      Hodgkin CR, expired after 24 months. The other patients who received systemic
      treatment had either primary chemotherapy with addition of Permease, or
      chemotherapy was altered because of resistance against the prior therapy before
      Permease was applied. Intraperitoneal application of Permease together with
      cytostatic agents, usually not used for local therapy because of high rate of
      irritation like cis-platin, was well tolerated. Complete regression of ascites
      was achieved in all cases. In 1 of the 4 patients duration of remission was 7
      months. Hypotheses concerning the mechanism of action of hyaluronidase in
      malignant diseases are discussed. The effectiveness of Permease might be related
      to resistance phenomenon of tumor cells or to alteration of pharmacokinetics of
      cytostatic agents.

PMID- 3838608
TI  - Indication for operation of patients with autonomously functioning thyroid tissue
      in endemic goiter areas.

PMID- 3838610
TI  - Lesions in the liver and kidney of Dirofilaria immitis-infected dogs following
      treatment with ivermectin.
AB  - Six dogs with spontaneous heartworm disease were injected with a single dose of
      ivermectin. After 48 h of treatment, microfilariae counts were reduced by 92%-98%
      of pretreatment counts. In pretreatment biopsies examined by light and electron
      microscopy, microfilariae were unaltered in the sinusoids of the liver and also
      in the glomerular capillaries and interstitial blood vessels of the kidney.
      However, there was irregular thickening and dense deposits in the basement
      membranes of glomerular capillaries, along with a modest increase in mesangial
      cells and matrix. In post-treatment liver biopsies examined by light microscopy,
      there were numerous granulomas in the sinusoids which contained degenerated
      microfilariae. In post-treatment kidney biopsies there was moderate thickening of
      glomerular basement membranes along with pronounced proliferation of mesangial
      cells and matrix. Glomerular capillaries were partially or completely occluded by
      degenerated microfilariae. In addition, there were interstitial granulomas in the
      kidney. It was observed with the aid of electron microscopy that highly
      vacuolated and degenerated microfilariae were incorporated into granulomas in the
      liver sinusoids of post-treatment biopsies. In post-treatment kidney biopsies
      glomerular capillaries were usually occluded by degenerated microfilariae.
      Basement membranes were thickened and contained dense deposits. Mesangial cells
      and matrix were extensively increased. Interstitial granulomas in the kidney
      contained dead microfilariae.

PMID- 3838611
TI  - Diagnosis and management of the less common venereal diseases.

PMID- 3838609
TI  - New applications of total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation: use in
      proximal renal tubular dysfunction.

PMID- 3838612
TI  - [Meniscectomy in children].

PMID- 3838613
TI  - The feeling of knowing for different types of retrieval failure.

PMID- 3838614
TI  - Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee.
AB  - Spontaneous osteonecrosis is a common cause of knee pain in older patients, but
      the diagnosis is often overlooked. Sudden knee pain in older women, with marked
      joint line tenderness and a decreased range of motion, should alert the physician
      to the diagnosis. Two to three weeks after the onset of symptoms, plain
      radiographs will usually be normal but bone scan will be markedly positive.
      Treatment is initially conservative. Surgical intervention (either osteotomy or
      arthroplasty) is reserved for patients who develop a large radiolucent lesion in
      the subchondral femoral condyle.

PMID- 3838615
TI  - Interpretation of excessive serum concentrations of digoxin in children.
AB  - Between January 1981 and April 1984, excessive serum concentrations of digoxin (5
      ng/ml or higher) were recorded in 47 children, aged 2 days to 16 years. In 10
      patients, the high concentrations were measured 9.25 to 48 hours after death and
      were significantly higher than antemortem levels in all cases (8.3 +/- 2.4 (+/-
      standard deviation) postmortem vs 3.3 +/- 1.5 antemortem, less than 0.0001). In
      15 patients (40.5% of the living patients) serum concentrations of 5 ng/ml or
      higher reflected sampling errors; drug levels were monitored too closely to the
      administration of a dose. None of these children had toxic manifestations of
      digoxin. In 10 patients, the excessive concentrations were associated with renal
      failure and a prolonged elimination half-life (T1/2) of digoxin; in 3 of these
      patients, there were signs of digoxin toxicity. Six cases were caused by digoxin
      overdose (accidental ingestions, pharmacy error and a suicide attempt). In 6
      additional cases, the existence of an endogenous digoxin-like substance (EDLS)
      was shown to contribute to the excessive levels of the drug. One case could be
      attributed to digoxin-amiodarone interaction. In 10 of 37 living patients,
      digoxin toxicity was diagnosed. After excluding the 15 sampling errors and 6
      cases with EDLS, this represents 63% of the cases. There was a good correlation
      between digoxin elimination T1/2 and serum creatine concentrations (r = 0.71, p
      less than 0.01). The above observations suggest that excessive serum
      concentrations of digoxin may not necessarily reflect potentially toxic
      levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3838616
TI  - Microcomputer interpretation of red blood cell panels.
AB  - The interpretation of red blood cell panels and identification of alloantibodies
      can be a difficult and time-consuming task. PANEL-IZER, a computer program that
      performs this interpretation, is described. The panel analysis is based on a
      matrix algebra algorithm that is presented in detail. Conditional probability
      logic supplements the analysis by searching for unexpected reactive cells or
      other possibilities such as the presence of autoantibodies or antibodies to low-
      or high-frequency antigens. The program considers phases of reactivity, dosage
      effects, and reaction strengths to aid in antibody identification. Probability
      levels for antibody identification based on Fisher's "exact" method are
      calculated. The program also can help suggest a "select cell" panel. This program
      can be a valuable tool in blood banks to aid in the interpretation of panels, to
      check technologists' interpretations, to generate "select cell" panels, and to
      help teach students and residents antibody identification.

PMID- 3838617
TI  - Calculator programs for weighted least-squares iterative fits in
      pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 3838619
TI  - Laboratory and clinical evaluation of a rapid slide agglutination test for
      phosphatidylglycerol.
AB  - Amniostat-FLM is a recently developed rapid slide agglutination test for amniotic
      fluid phosphatidylglycerol. We compared phosphatidylglycerol quantitated by two
      dimensional thin-layer chromatography with phosphatidylglycerol determined by
      Amniostat-FLM in 180 amniotic fluid samples. If any level of phosphatidylglycerol
      by thin-layer chromatography, including a trace, was considered positive, then
      phosphatidylglycerol by thin-layer chromatography and Amniostat-FLM were
      concordant in 171 of 180 samples (95%). Both were positive in 123 and both
      negative in 48 samples. The nine amniotic fluid samples with discrepant results
      were as follows: Five negative Amniostat-FLM results were associated with trace
      phosphatidylglycerol by thin-layer chromatography (1% to 2% of total
      phospholipids), one negative Amniostat-FLM result was associated with 3%
      phosphatidylglycerol by thin-layer chromatography, and three positive Amniostat
      FLM results were associated with negative phosphatidylglycerol by thin-layer
      chromatography results. There were 14 samples with trace phosphatidylglycerol by
      thin-layer chromatography; of these, there were nine positive and five negative
      Amniostat-FLM results. If greater than 2% phosphatidylglycerol by thin-layer
      chromatography was considered positive, concordance between the two tests was 93%
      (167 of 180). From these samples, 119 infants were delivered within 72 hours of
      amniocentesis. There were 100 positive Amniostat-FLM results and all were
      associated with the absence of respiratory distress syndrome; of the 19 negative
      Amniostat-FLM results, five were associated with infants who developed
      respiratory distress syndrome. The present study confirms that Amniostat-FLM is a
      simple, rapid, and accurate test for determining the presence of
      phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid.

PMID- 3838618
TI  - Prospective evaluation of cardiotoxicity during a six-hour doxorubicin infusion
      regimen in women with adenocarcinoma of the breast.
AB  - In order to test the possible cardiac-sparing effect of doxorubicin administered
      by six-hour intravenous infusion and to prospectively evaluate the role of
      resting left ventricular ejection fraction in monitoring these patients, 33 women
      with advanced breast cancer were treated with combination chemotherapy containing
      5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin. Doxorubicin was administered
      via a femoral catheter as a six-hour infusion. Cardiac function was monitored
      prior to therapy and at intervals during therapy by history and physical
      examination and by measurement of resting left ventricular ejection fraction with
      gated pool radionuclide angiography. Twenty-six responses were observed (complete
      response, seven [21 percent]; partial response, 19 [57 percent]). Systemic
      toxicity included alopecia, myelosuppression, and nausea and vomiting. There was
      a progressive fall in resting left ventricular ejection fraction during treatment
      from a median baseline value of 0.63. Mean fall from baseline left ventricular
      ejection fraction at a cumulative doxorubicin dose of 200 to 300 mg/m2 was 0.06
      (p less than 0.005); at 301 to 449 mg/m2 it was 0.09 (p less than 0.0005); and at
      450 mg/m2 or greater it was 0.15 (p less than 0.0005). Clinical congestive heart
      failure developed in three patients. Even though the decrease in left ventricular
      ejection fraction was often within the "normal range" (left ventricular ejection
      fraction 0.50 or greater), these changes were progressive and appeared to be part
      of a continuum of doxorubicin-induced myocardial damage. Steady-state infusion
      levels of doxorubicin in plasma ranged from 90 to 120 nM. They confirm the
      hypothesis that lower concentrations can be achieved by continuous infusion
      rather than by bolus infusion. In this study, however, administration of
      doxorubicin by six-hour infusion did not appear to have a major cardiac-sparing
      effect. Studies of anthracycline cardiac toxicity should include determination of
      baseline left ventricular ejection fraction and serial observations during
      therapy. Failure to include deteriorations in function above an arbitrary cutoff
      point or to make observations only at higher cumulative doses may underestimate
      drug-induced myocardial damage.

PMID- 3838620
TI  - A simple database computer program for ophthalmic use.
AB  - We have written a program in BASIC language which stores, recalls, and
      manipulates a limited amount of clinical information that we use in teaching and
      clinical practice. The program runs on an IBM personal computer with Microsoft
      DOS and BASIC. An illustrative search routine uses simple data simulation of the
      results of argon laser trabeculoplasty therapy for open-angle glaucoma.

PMID- 3838621
TI  - Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy: a clinical study.
AB  - As a postoperative complication to cataract surgery [extracapsular extraction
      (ECCE), phacoemulsification (KPE)], the posterior capsule (PC) of the lens often
      becomes opacified with plaque, Elschnig's pearls, or fibrotic bands, resulting in
      decreased visual acuity (VA). A Q-switched Nd:YAG ophthalmic laser was used to
      perform noninvasive micropuncturing of the posterior capsule. Two hundred
      thirteen patients (195 with existing intraocular lenses) underwent laser
      capsulotomy within a 14-month clinical study. These patients were followed over a
      6-month postcapsulotomy period. Findings indicate excellent restored VA with
      minimal ocular complications.

PMID- 3838622
TI  - Cochlear implants: 1981 to 1985.

PMID- 3838623
TI  - Coronary and systemic 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 during
      myocardial ischemia in dog.
AB  - The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) of five dogs was ligated, and
      blood was withdrawn from the great cardiac vein, left marginal cardiac vein,
      femoral vein, and aorta. After ligation, immunoreactive 6-ketoprostaglandin (PG)
      F1 alpha rose from less than 0.1 to a mean value of 1.2 pmol/ml plasma in the
      great cardiac vein (GCV) and 0.88 pmol/ml in the left marginal vein, with no
      change in peripheral circulation. Immunoreactive thromboxane (TX) B2 remained
      below 0.075 pmol/ml throughout the experiments. LAD of 11 dogs was stenosed 60
      80% with consequent cyclical reductions in blood flow. 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha in GCV
      rose in seven dogs (range 0.5-2.2 pmol/ml) and remained unchanged in four. No
      change was observed in peripheral plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. In these
      experimental conditions TXB2 remained below 0.075 pmol/ml. Lactate concentrations
      rose in both experimental conditions in GCV but not in peripheral circulation or
      in the left marginal vein. This study confirms a link between cardiac ischemia
      and increased coronary prostacyclin release, but we were unable to detect a
      similar correlation with TXB2 in plasma.

PMID- 3838624
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases and reproductive microbiology: a natural alliance.

PMID- 3838625
TI  - Muscle rehabilitation after arthroscopic meniscectomy with or without tourniquet
      control. A preliminary randomized study.
AB  - Nineteen patients with isolated meniscus lesions were randomly assigned to
      operation with or without tourniquet. All patients underwent arthroscopic
      meniscectomy. Measurements of CK (creatinin-kinase), CK-B (isoenzymes MB of
      creatinin-kinase), LD (lactate dehydrogenase), ASAT (aspartate aminotransferase),
      and ALAT (alanine aminotransferase) were performed preoperatively and
      postoperatively over 6 days. The muscle torque was measured on a Cybex II
      isokinetic dynamometer preoperatively, 1 week and 4 weeks postoperatively. The
      mean CK level rose significantly in both groups, but did not pass the upper
      normal serum level. There was no effect on the other muscle enzymes. Quadriceps
      torque was significantly lowered in both groups 1 week after operation. Four
      weeks postoperatively, it was still lowered in the nontourniquet group, which
      also had a slower increase in torque between weeks 1 and 4 than the tourniquet
      groups. There was no effect from the operation on isometric or hamstrings torque.
      The slight rise in CK was similar to that seen after hard physical exercise. The
      decrease in muscle torque was, therefore, mostly due to pain inhibition. The
      slightly slower rehabilitation in the nontourniquet group may be caused by the
      technique of raising saline flow and pressure during the arthroscopy to control
      bleeding. This causes extravasation of fluid which may increase postoperative
      pain and stiffness.

PMID- 3838626
TI  - Soluble chromogenic substrates for the assay of endo-1,4-beta-xylanases and endo
      1,4-beta-glucanases.
AB  - New soluble chromogenic substrates were prepared for specific and rapid assays of
      endo-1,4-beta-xylanases and endo-1,4-beta-glucanases. A soluble beechwood 4-O
      methyl-D-glucurono-D-xylan was dyed with Remazol brilliant blue R, and
      hydroxyethylcellulose was coupled to Ostazin brilliant red H-3B. The assays are
      based on photometric measurements of the enzyme-released dyed fragments soluble
      in the presence of organic solvents which precipitate the original substrates and
      their high-molecular-weight fractions. The assays are advantageous for rapid
      analyses of large amount of samples and also permit evaluation of the activities
      of both enzymes in the presence of exo-beta-glycanases and beta-glycosidases, at
      a high level of reducing compounds and viable cells, on the cell surface and on
      cell membranes and organelles.

PMID- 3838627
TI  - Sensitive detection of endo-1,4-beta-glucanases and endo-1,4-beta-xylanases in
      gels.
AB  - A simple, highly sensitive zymogram technique for detection of endo-1,4-beta
      glucanases and endo-1,4-beta-xylanases in polyacrylamide gels after
      electrophoresis or isoelectric focusing was developed. The detection employs
      transparent agar replicas containing soluble covalently dyed polysaccharides,
      hydroxyethylcellulose dyed with Ostazin brilliant red H-3B and beechwood 4-O
      methyl-D-glucurono-D-xylan dyed with Remazol brilliant blue R, as the respective
      substrates. The high sensitivity of the detection is achieved by selective
      removal of depolymerized dyed substrates from the agar replicas by solvents which
      neither solubilize nor precipitate the original nondegraded dyed polysaccharides
      present in the agar gel.

PMID- 3838628
TI  - Flow-injection analysis of catecholamine secretion from bovine adrenal medulla
      cells on microbeads.
AB  - Bovine adrenal medullary cells have been cultured on microbeads which are placed
      in a low-volume flow system for measurements of stimulation-response parameters.
      Electronically controlled stream switching allows stimulation of cells with pulse
      lengths from 1 s to many minutes; pulses may be repeated indefinitely.
      Catecholamines secreted are detected by an electrochemical detector downstream
      from the cells. This flow-injection analysis technique provides a new level of
      sensitivity and precision for measurement of kinetic parameters of secretion. A
      manual injection valve allows stimulation by higher levels of stimulant in the
      presence of constant low levels of stimulant. Such experiments show interesting
      differences between the effects of K+ and acetylcholine on cells partially
      desensitized to acetylcholine.

PMID- 3838630
TI  - A comprehensive computer system for anesthetic record retrieval.
AB  - We have developed computer software to store data on all surgical and obstetrical
      anesthetics administered by our department. The computer system provides
      information for monitoring the residency training program, department and
      operating room management, professional fee billing, and research. It imposes
      little additional workload on our clinical personnel, who use simple codes to
      record the necessary data directly on the anesthetic record. Department
      secretarial staff transcribe data from the anesthesia and operating room records
      into the computer file, which is then available for producing scheduled reports
      and for answering inquiries from a video terminal. The system employs extensive
      manual and computer verification to minimize errors and omissions in the data. We
      report design details and more than 3.5 years experience with this system, which
      is now used at four affiliated teaching hospitals, has over 50,000 cases on file,
      and adds more than 1800 cases monthly.

PMID- 3838629
TI  - The development of commissural connections of somatic motor-sensory areas of
      neocortex in the North American opossum.
AB  - The North American opossum does not have a corpus callosum; neocortical
      commissural axons are contained entirely within the anterior commissure. We have
      used axonal transport techniques to study the origin and distribution of
      commissural axons from somatic motor-sensory cortex in developing and adult
      opossums. Neocortical axons grow into the anterior commissure by postnatal day
      (PND) 12, the contralateral external capsule by approximately PND 19, the area
      deep to the contralateral homotypic cortex by approximately PND 26 and the cortex
      proper by approximately PND 35. Commissural neurons were first demonstrated at
      about PND 26, when they form a fairly continuous band in the cortical subplate
      (presumptive layers V-VI). By at least PND 37, commissural neurons are also
      present in layers II and III, where they form a continuous band, and in layer IV,
      where they are sparse. In older pouch young and adult opossums the bands of
      commissural neurons, especially in layers V-VI, are interrupted, and commissural
      neurons are rare in layer IV. In general, commissural axons in both pouch-young
      and adult opossums innervate areas containing commissural neurons as well as
      layer I. In the acallosal opossum as well as in the callosal rat, the development
      of commissural connections from somatic motor-sensory cortex is characterized by
      pauses during the growth of axons into the opposite cortex, by a general inside
      out-gradient, and by a transition from continuous bands to patchy, radial columns
      of commissural neurons and axons. This suggests that similar mechanisms govern
      the formation of commissural connections in the two species.

PMID- 3838631
TI  - An apparent seizure following inadvertent intrathecal morphine.

PMID- 3838632
TI  - [Bacterial meningitis and intrathecal treatment of chronic pain].
AB  - A case is reported of bacterial meningitis related to an intradural implant used
      in the treatment of pain into which morphine was administered daily. The
      infection began on the third day after implantation of the system. Because of its
      efficiency in controlling pain, it was not removed; the infection was
      successfully treated with local and general antibiotic treatments only. The
      system was used 121 days.

PMID- 3838634
TI  - Maxzide or Dyazide: a cautionary note.

PMID- 3838633
TI  - [Status asthmaticus, adult respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary vascular
      thrombosis].

PMID- 3838635
TI  - The estimation of serum fructosamine: an alternative measurement to glycated
      haemoglobin.
AB  - A method is presented for the estimation of fructosamine using a Cobas Bio
      centrifugal analyser. The effect of three different preparations of human serum
      albumin used for construction of calibration curves of 1-deoxy-1
      morpholinofructose is described. The selection of serum albumin and the
      concentration used in the standard solutions is critical since the dose-response
      curve is affected differently and will therefore influence the estimated values.
      Normal ranges were obtained for non-diabetic subjects with normal protein status
      and for a group of females with reduced albumin levels due to pregnancy or
      oestrogen therapy. There was no significant difference between fructosamine
      levels in these populations. Fructosamine was also estimated in 250 patients
      attending a diabetic out-patient department and this correlated well with
      haemoglobin A1 estimated simultaneously. The method is rapid, technically simple
      and inexpensive and may prove to be a useful and reliable alternative to HbA1
      estimation.

PMID- 3838636
TI  - Treponemycin, a nitrile antibiotic active against Treponema hyodysenteriae.
AB  - Two strains of Streptomyces sp. (isolates 275 and 124) were isolated from soil
      samples collected from the fields around Lewiston, Idaho. Based on their cellular
      morphology and physiology, the two isolates were identified as Streptomyces
      albovinaceous. Both isolates produced an antibiotic when grown in liquid culture
      medium containing homogenized oats. The antibiotic (treponemycin) was isolated
      from the culture broth by solvent extraction and purified by silica gel column
      and preparative thin-layer chromatographies. Treponemycin is a crystalline light
      yellow compound with an mp of 93 to 95 degrees C, levorotatory, and soluble in
      most organic solvents. It is sparingly soluble in water but insoluble in
      petroleum ether. On the basis of elemental analysis and mass spectral data, the
      molecular formula of the antibiotic was deduced to be C28H43O6N. The infrared
      spectrum of the antibiotic indicated the presence of unsaturation, nitrile,
      lactone, or ester or all three functions, and carbonyl functions in the molecule.
      A sharp infrared absorption band for nitrile at 2,220 cm-1 and the presence of an
      unsaturated group indicated that the nitrile function may be attached to an
      unsaturated carbon atom. The presence of dienenitrile functions was further
      supported by the UV absorption spectrum of the antibiotic, which gave a UVmax at
      257 nm. The proton magnetic resonance spectrum of the antibiotic did not give any
      peak which could be exchanged with deuterated water, which is an indication of
      the absence of carboxylic and hydroxyl functions in the molecule. All of the
      functional groupings indicated by the infrared and UV spectra of the molecule
      were further confirmed by the 13C-magnetic resonance spectrum of the compound. A
      brief hydrogenation of the antibiotic yielded a biologically active tetrahydro
      derivative, whereas extended hydrogenation produced an inactive primary amine.
      Mild alkaline hydrolysis and subsequent esterification of the antibiotic with
      diazomethane produced an inactive dimethyl ester. Apparently both the nitrile and
      the lactone functions are essential for the treponomycin molecule to show
      antimicrobial activity. The antibiotic showed inhibitory activity against several
      species of bacteria, especially Treponema hyodysenteriae, the causative agent of
      swine dysentery. In view of the oral 50% lethal dose of 400 mg/g and its low MIC
      against four stains of T.hyodysenteriae, the antibiotic may have value as a swine
      dysentery therapeutic.

PMID- 3838637
TI  - In vitro studies of BMY-28142, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin.
AB  - BMY-28142 was compared with other broad-spectrum antibiotics against gram
      positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. BMY-28142 was highly active against all
      gram-negative bacilli and especially against Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia
      marcescens, and Morganella morganii. Its in vitro activity suggests that BMY
      28142 should prove to be useful for the treatment of gram-negative bacillary
      infections.

PMID- 3838638
TI  - The chemotherapy of onchocerciasis X. An assessment of four single dose treatment
      regimes of MK-933 (ivermectin) in human onchocerciasis.
AB  - Nineteen patients from an area of vector control in the savanna region of
      Northern Ghana, all with moderate to heavy infections with Onchocerca volvulus
      and some with ocular involvement, were treated with 50, 100, 150 or 200
      micrograms kg-1 of ivermectin. Detailed monitoring of clinical and ocular
      reactions and of alterations in skin microfilarial counts and laboratory indices
      were carried out during the first 28 days. Microfilarial counts in skin snips and
      detailed ocular examinations were then repeated at intervals over a period of
      nine months. Ivermectin slowly eliminated microfilariae from the skin and eye
      without serious adverse clinical or ocular reactions in all treated groups. There
      was little difference in efficacy between doses of 100, 150 and 200 micrograms kg
      1, and these were more effective than the 50 micrograms kg-1 dose. Very low
      levels of skin microfilariae were maintained for nine months. Microfilariae were
      not eliminated from the eye for at least three months. The drug was neither
      macrofilaricidal nor embryotoxic. However, it produced a dose-dependent
      stimulation of embryogenesis manifest at one month and succeeded by a suppression
      of embryogenesis at three months after therapy. In areas where transmission of
      onchocerciasis has been interrupted, ivermectin may need not be given more often
      than once a year. The efficacy of the drug on single dosage and the mild adverse
      reactions produced, if confirmed in subsequent controlled studies, would greatly
      simplify the treatment of onchocerciasis and would reintroduce new concepts of
      the role of chemotherapy in the control of onchocerciasis.

PMID- 3838639
TI  - Hepatitis B: sexual contacts.

PMID- 3838640
TI  - The autopsy revisited.

PMID- 3838641
TI  - Blood-group antigen expression in renal pelvic and ureteral tumors.

PMID- 3838642
TI  - Quality control log with CUSUM and clinically useful limits criteria.
AB  - We describe a quality control (QC) log including its advantages over the more
      commonly used Levey-Jennings and Shewart graphic charts. It represents a
      practical system of analytic quality control for quantitative assays in clinical
      chemistry. It utilizes cumulative sum (CUSUM) techniques and comparison of means
      to monitor acute and chronic analytic drift, respectively. Clinically useful
      limits (CUL) criteria for QC decisions are used. An algorithm to facilitate the
      description of, training for, and use of, the QC log system is provided.

PMID- 3838643
TI  - Some long-term effects of exchange transfusion with fluorocarbon emulsions in
      macaque monkeys.
AB  - Fluorocarbon emulsions were used as blood substitutes in exchange transfusions of
      seven macaque monkeys. Some monkeys were tested for electrophoretic abnormalities
      of serum proteins prior to and at the time of death. At the time of killing 2 1/2
      to eight years after transfusion, autopsies were performed on all seven monkeys.
      Monkeys receiving emulsions of FC-47 (perfluorotributylamine) displayed
      vacuolated cells representing fluorocarbon throughout the reticuloendothelial
      system even six years later. Monkeys examined eight years after receiving
      emulsions of PP-5 (perfluorodecalin) failed to display such changes. However,
      electrophoresis revealed abnormalities in the blood of all four monkeys in which
      the test was performed, irrespective of whether FC-47 or PP-5 was given. The
      electrophoretic abnormality consisted of a polyclonal increase of
      immunoglobulins, some of which migrated in the beta region. These data suggest
      that fluorocarbon emulsions that have recently been given to humans may produce a
      chronic stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system leading to alterations in
      production of immunoglobulins.

PMID- 3838644
TI  - Uteruslike mass of the ovary: endomyometriosis or congenital malformation? A case
      with a discussion of histogenesis.
AB  - We describe an 18-year-old woman with a mass in the region of the right ovary.
      The mass, which had a central cavity lined by endometrium and surrounded by
      smooth muscle, extraordinarily resembled a uterus. Review of the literature
      disclosed only one such case in which this change was considered to arise from
      endomyometriosis of the ovary, a phenomenon characterized by smooth-muscle
      metaplasia in a focus of endometriosis. Although this possibility is interesting
      and plausible, we believe that a congenital malformation, possibly caused by a
      defect in fusion of mullerian ducts, should strongly be considered in explaining
      the pathogenesis of this kind of lesion.

PMID- 3838645
TI  - Infantile hematomyelia complicating electrocardioversion.
AB  - A premature male infant survived for eight months with significant
      cardiorespiratory problems. He developed a sudden, unexplained cardiorespiratory
      arrest that required vigorous resuscitation with apparent electrical
      cardioversion. Subsequent postmortem examination demonstrated focal and confluent
      hemorrhages in the thoracic and lumbar cord. Care is advised in administering
      electrical cardioversion due to the potential hazard of hematomyelia.

PMID- 3838646
TI  - Simultaneous local recurrence of retroperitoneal paraganglioma with liver
      metastases.
AB  - A 68-year-old woman with a history of a nonfunctional paraganglioma resected 23
      years previously presented with an abdominal mass. Tumor metastases to the liver
      were seen at the second operation. The tumor had a more pleomorphic appearance,
      but was otherwise similar to the original tumor. We discuss the difficulty of
      predicting the later malignant behavior of the tumor from the original biopsy
      specimen.

PMID- 3838647
TI  - Adrenal cyst.
AB  - Adrenal cysts are rare lesions that usually present as incidental findings during
      surgery or at the time of autopsy. The cysts are usually small, seldom exceeding
      10 cm in diameter, and are generally asymptomatic. In those few cases that are
      symptomatic, radiographic examination is the most important tool in establishing
      a correct preoperative diagnosis. Of the four main categories, endothelial cysts
      represent the most common type of adrenal cyst. Simple surgical enucleation of
      the cyst, with preservation of the remaining adrenal gland, is the treatment of
      choice.

PMID- 3838648
TI  - Budd-Chiari syndrome presenting as sudden infant death.
AB  - Budd-Chiari syndrome rarely occurs in infants. We report a case of a 1-month-old
      female infant who presented as a sudden infant death and was found at autopsy to
      have thrombi occluding both hepatic veins. Microscopically the liver showed
      perivenular fibrosis extending into the lobule and central venous congestion
      consistent with Budd-Chiari syndrome.

PMID- 3838649
TI  - Cell surface and serum monoclonal immunoglobulin in Burkitt's lymphoma.

PMID- 3838650
TI  - Hepatitis, the delta agent and modern virology.

PMID- 3838651
TI  - Delta agent superinfection. Rapidly progressive liver disease in a hepatitis B
      virus carrier.
AB  - We report a case of rapidly progressive chronic active hepatitis (CAH) following
      acute delta infection in a previously asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carrier.
      Serologic evidence of delta superinfection coincided with an acute icteric
      hepatitis, and was followed by the development of clinically evident chronic
      liver disease. The liver biopsy specimens documented the acute hepatitis and
      subsequent progression of severe CAH. This case illustrates the clinical and
      pathologic changes that may follow acute delta infection in chronic hepatitis B
      carriers.

PMID- 3838652
TI  - Serum hepatitis B virus-DNA in chronic hepatitis B and delta infection.
AB  - Hepatitis B-associated delta agent, a defective RNA virus requiring helper
      functions of hepatitis B virus (HBV), has been shown to interfere with HBV
      replication. Low titers of serum hepatitis B surface antigen, absence of
      hepatitis B e antigen, and low levels of stainable hepatitis B core antigen in
      liver cells usually seen in chronic delta infection are indirect evidences of
      such an interference. Measurement of serum HBV-DNA by hybridization with
      phosphorus 32-labeled HBV-clone DNA is the most sensitive method currently
      available to detect HBV replication. Using this method, we found that only two of
      13 patients with chronic delta infection showed serum HBV-DNA positivity in
      comparison with seven of 14 patients who had chronic hepatitis B without delta
      infection. These two groups were matched for hepatitis B e antigen status and
      liver histopathology. Thus, we report direct evidence of delta agent interfering
      with the replication of the helper (HBV) virus.

PMID- 3838653
TI  - Diffuse alveolar damage and interstitial fibrosis in acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome patients without concurrent pulmonary infection.
AB  - Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) characteristically
      present with repeated pulmonary infections. We present the pathologic findings in
      lung biopsy specimens from 12 patients with AIDS in whom the histologic spectrum
      ranged from mild diffuse alveolar damage to frank interstitial fibrosis. In all
      of these patients, there was no evidence of any concurrent infectious process in
      the lung. Diffuse alveolar damage is a pattern of response of the lung to many
      kinds of infectious processes and immunologic injury, both of which are potential
      possibilities in patients with AIDS. This study underscores the development of
      diffuse alveolar damage or interstitial fibrosis and their presentation as the
      sole histologic findings in lung biopsy specimens from patients with AIDS. We
      discuss the possibility that these changes may be long-term sequelae to repeated
      pulmonary infections with or without an immunologic defect.

PMID- 3838654
TI  - Pulmonary capillaritis and hemorrhage in patients with systemic vasculitis.
AB  - Thirteen patients with prominent pulmonary signs and symptoms had pulmonary
      capillaritis and extensive hemorrhage demonstrated by open-lung biopsy or
      autopsy. Vasculitis was demonstrated in other organs before or after the lung
      biopsy or at autopsy. Although there were several suspected causes for the
      pulmonary capillaritis and different final clinicopathologic diagnoses, the
      histopathologic features in the lung were similar in all cases and distinctive
      enough to separate capillaritis from other causes of hemorrhagic lung. All
      patients were treated with prednisone or cyclophosphamide, or both. Six patients
      died of their vasculitis, five in respiratory failure and one in renal failure.
      None of the seven survivors had a clinical recrudescence of pulmonary hemorrhage.
      By extrapolation from these 13 cases, one may histopathologically recognize
      pulmonary capillaritis when it causes hemorrhagic lung in a patient without
      clinically evident extrapulmonary vasculitis. One can then proceed to investigate
      the patient and possibly determine the nature of the vasculitis.

PMID- 3838655
TI  - Hepatic Hodgkin's disease simulating cholestatic hepatitis with liver failure.
AB  - Fulminant liver failure is an unusual complication that may be seen in patients
      with hepatic infiltration by non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and leukemias. In such
      cases, hepatomegaly, marked abnormalities of serum liver function tests, and
      lactic acidosis may simulate severe viral, alcoholic, or drug hepatitis. We
      describe the clinical presentation of severe cholestatic hepatitis with liver
      failure in a patient who was found to have widespread liver involvement by
      Hodgkin's disease at autopsy. The major histologic findings included extensive
      portal and periportal Hodgkin's infiltrates, associated loss of periportal liver
      cells, and variable damage to small bile ducts.

PMID- 3838656
TI  - Partial nodular transformation of liver in an adult with persistent ductus
      venosus. Review with hypothesis on pathogenesis.
AB  - Partial nodular transformation of the liver (PNT) is a rare condition of unknown
      pathogenesis in which nodules composed of hepatocytes replace portions of the
      parenchyma. There is usually evidence of portal hypertension and portal vein
      thrombosis. We present a case of PNT in a man with persistent ductus venosus and
      hypoplasia of the major intrahepatic portal veins but without evidence of portal
      hypertension or portal vein thrombosis. Portal venules were largely absent
      between nodules, as documented by morphometry. We suggest the pathogenesis of PNT
      is similar to that previously proposed for nodular regenerative hyperplasia, that
      is, atrophy occurs in parenchyma with insufficient blood supply and nodules arise
      by hyperplasia in areas with adequate supply. Partial nodular transformation and
      nodular regenerative hyperplasia differ mainly in the cause and distribution of
      the portal vein obliteration.

PMID- 3838657
TI  - Bile pancreatitis.
AB  - Bile pancreatitis was studied both macropathologically and histopathologically in
      cases with an abnormal pancreatic choledochoductal junction, in which free
      communication between the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct occurred. The
      intraductal pressure of the pancreatic duct is normally higher than that of the
      bile duct, therefore, the pancreatic juice flows into the bile duct. In this
      study, we found squamous carcinoma cells from an adeno-squamous cell carcinoma of
      the gall-bladder in the main pancreatic duct. Hence, the possibility of bile
      reflux into the pancreatic duct was also considered. Outstanding findings, such
      as degeneration and disappearance of the pancreatic ductal epithelium,
      intraluminal aggregation of bacilli, and diffuse interlobular fibrosis were found
      in four of 15 cases with an abnormal junction. Similar ductal alterations and
      diffuse fibrosis were found neither in the controls nor in the remaining 11
      cases. Therefore, it appears that pancreatic disorders due to the reflux of bile
      occurs in the presence of bacteria.

PMID- 3838658
TI  - False-positive guaiac testing with iodine.
AB  - The guaiac-impregnated test slide (Hemoccult) used in testing for occult blood in
      the stool gave a false-positive reaction in a trauma patient when a povidone
      iodine antiseptic solution (Betadine) was used prior to the insertion of a
      urinary catheter. Laboratory testing using serial dilutions of povidone-iodine
      solutions indicates that as little as 0.005 mL of a 1:1,000 dilution will give a
      positive guaiac reaction. Separate testing confirms that the iodine component is
      responsible for this false-positive reaction. The mechanism is probably direct
      oxidation of the alpha-guaiaconic acid chromogen. Patients with perianal decubiti
      who are being treated with povidone-iodine solution, or those who have recently
      had a urinary catheter inserted, may need to have the area washed prior to guaiac
      testing. Antiseptics not containing iodine may be used in trauma patients to
      prevent false-positive guaiac reactions.

PMID- 3838659
TI  - Potter's syndrome associated with renal agenesis or dysplasia. Morphological and
      biochemical study of the lung.
AB  - We report on four autopsy cases of Potter's syndrome associated with
      characteristic Potter's face, pulmonary hypoplasia, and renal agenesis or
      dysplasia. There were no pathologic differences in typical cases with bilateral
      renal agenesis and variant cases with renal dysplasia instead of renal agenesis.
      All cases showed bilateral pulmonary hypoplasias and immature lung
      microscopically. Hyaline membrane disease was found in three cases in spite of
      late gestation. In one case with renal dysplasia, disaturated
      phosphatidylcholine, a pulmonary surfactant phospholipid, was measured and found
      to be decreased in comparison with that in age-matched controls. This suggests
      that functionally immature lung may be one feature of Potter's syndrome that is
      similar to hyaline membrane disease.

PMID- 3838660
TI  - Endothelial and lesion cell growth patterns of early smooth-muscle cell
      atherosclerotic lesions in swine.
AB  - This study shows that the endothelial cell turnover over the early porcine
      atherosclerotic lesion is more or less uniform in distribution. This is contrary
      to the findings in White Carneau pigeons where the increased endothelial cell
      turnover has a zonal pattern, being much greater at the lesion edge. The
      difference in the endothelial cell pattern of turnover in the two lesions
      probably is a reflection of their different manner of development. The porcine
      abdominal aortic lesion is derived from naturally occurring preexisting
      collections of intimal smooth-muscle cells called intimal cell masses. After 90
      days of a hyperlipidemic diet these lesions are composed predominantly of smooth
      muscle cells, with very few monocytes. The White Carneau pigeon lesion develops
      from circulating monocytes that have been shown to adhere to the edge of the
      lesion.

PMID- 3838661
TI  - Dilated cardiomyopathy associated with Friedreich's ataxia.
AB  - Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is a progressive, spinocerebellar, degenerative,
      neuromuscular disease that is frequently associated with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy as part of the clinical illness. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
      associated with FA can be seen with or without obstruction to the left ventricle
      outflow tract. We present the postmortem findings in a case of FA with dilated
      (congestive) cardiomyopathy. At autopsy, the heart was enlarged with all four
      chambers dilated; no ventricular hypertrophy or aortic outflow obstruction was
      present. Microscopic sections of myocardium revealed myocyte hypertrophy,
      atrophy, and focal interstitial fibrosis. Findings of dilated cardiomyopathy at
      necropsy supported the antemortem clinical impression. Although FA has been
      reported to be associated rarely with dilated cardiomyopathy, postmortem
      documentation of dilated cardiomyopathy with FA has not been shown previously, to
      our knowledge. The mechanism of either form of myocardial disease in patients
      with FA is presently speculative.

PMID- 3838662
TI  - Clues to the early diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in
      patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Four patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with bacillemia from
      Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare presented with early pathologic clues of a
      disseminated mycobacterial infection. All had persistent fevers with negative
      diagnostic workups for other usual pathogens seen in patients with acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome. Two patients had prolonged clearance of the bacillemia
      on a drug regimen of ansamycin, clofazimine, and amikacin sulfate.

PMID- 3838663
TI  - Coronary ostial bar.
AB  - This article describes an unusual minor coronary artery anomaly. An intimal-lined
      fibromuscular bar was found bisecting a right coronary ostium. Possible origin
      and clinical relevance of the lesion are discussed.

PMID- 3838664
TI  - Pheochromocytoma-ganglioneuroma of the adrenal.
AB  - Composite adrenal tumors composed of both pheochromocytoma and ganglioneuroma are
      rare. To our knowledge, only two cases have been reported previously, displaying
      symptoms referable, in the first case to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
      production and, in the second case, to catecholamine production. We report a case
      of composite pheochromocytoma-ganglioneuroma associated with renal angiomyolipoma
      and elevated urinary and serum catecholamine levels. Light and electron
      microscopic findings are described.

PMID- 3838665
TI  - Structure and apoprotein linkages of phycourobilin.
AB  - R-Phycoerythrin contains two covalently bound bilin prosthetic groups,
      phycoerythrobilin and phycourobilin. The two chromophore types were separated as
      their peptide-bound derivatives by subjecting tryptic digests of R-phycoerythrin
      to adsorption chromatography on Sephadex G-25. The structure and apoprotein
      linkages of the bound phycoerythrobilin were found to be identical with those
      previously reported for this phycobilin [Killilea, O'Carra & Murphy (1980)
      Biochem. J. 187, 311-320]. Phycourobilin is a tetrapyrrole, containing no oxo
      bridges and has the same order of side chains as IX alpha bilins. The chromophore
      is linked to the peptide through two and possibly three of its pyrrole rings. One
      linkage possibly consists of an ester bond between the hydroxy group of a serine
      residue and the propionic acid side chain of one of the inner rings. The second
      linkage is a labile thioether bond between a cysteine residue and the C2 side
      chain of pyrrole ring A. The third linkage is a stable thioether bond between a
      cysteine residue and the alpha-carbon atom of the C2 side chain of pyrrole ring
      D. Ring D is unsaturated and is attached to ring C through a saturated carbon
      bridge. Rings B and C have a conjugated system of five bonds, as found in other
      urobilinoid pigments. Ring A is attached to ring B via a saturated carbon bridge.
      Both of the alpha-positions of ring A are in the reduced state, but the ring does
      contain an unsaturated centre (probably a double bond between the beta-carbon and
      the ring nitrogen atom). The presence of this double bond and its isomerization
      into the bridge position between rings A and B would explain the extension of the
      conjugated system of phycourobilin to that of a phycoerythrobilinoid/rhodenoid
      pigment in acid or alkali.

PMID- 3838666
TI  - Interactions of concanavalin A with a trimannosyl oligosaccharide fragment of
      complex and high mannose type glycopeptides.
AB  - It has previously been reported that the binding interactions of concanavalin A
      with a purified high mannose type glycopeptide from ovalbumin differs from that
      with simple mono- and oligosaccharides (Brewer, C.F. (1979) Biochem. Biophys.
      Res. Commun. 90, 117-122). We now report studies with a synthetic analog of
      complex type glycopeptides, and a synthetic trimannosyl oligosaccharide fragment
      that is common to both complex and high mannose type glycopeptides. We find that
      both synthetic oligosacchardes undergo similar interactions with concanavalin A
      which mimic the effects of binding corresponding larger glycopeptides.
      Furthermore, the relative affinity of the trimannosyl oligosaccharide is 130-fold
      greater than the binding of methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside. The results indicate
      that the trimannosyl oligosaccharide is a unique structural element recognized by
      the lectin.

PMID- 3838667
TI  - Inhibition of glycine N-methyltransferase activity by folate derivatives:
      implications for regulation of methyl group metabolism.
AB  - Glycine N-methyltransferase, an enzyme that uses S-adenosylmethionine to
      methylate glycine with the production of sarcosine, was recently shown to be
      identical with a major folate binding protein of rat liver (Cook, R.J. and
      Wagner, C. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 3631-3634). We now present
      evidence that 5-methyltetrahydropteroylpentaglutamate (5-CH3-H4PteGlu5) is bound
      with high specificity, and is a powerful inhibitor of the enzyme. It is proposed
      that this information may be used to modify the "methyl trap" hypothesis which
      describes how the availability of one-carbon units is regulated by folate,
      vitamin B12 and methionine.

PMID- 3838668
TI  - High prealbumin and transferrin mRNA levels in the choroid plexus of rat brain.
AB  - Expression of plasma protein genes in various parts of the rat brain was studied
      by hybridizing radioactive cDNA to RNA in cytoplasmic extracts. No mRNA could be
      detected in brain for the beta subunit of fibrinogen, major acute phase alpha 1
      protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and albumin. However, per g tissue, the
      choroid plexus contained at least 100 times larger amounts of prealbumin mRNA
      than the liver and about the same amount of transferrin mRNA as liver. No
      prealbumin mRNA was found in other areas of the brain. The results obtained
      suggest very active synthesis of prealbumin in choroid plexus, which would be an
      important link in the transport of thyroid hormones from the blood to the brain
      via the cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 3838669
TI  - Fusion of phospholipid vesicles induced by Zn2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+.
AB  - The capacity of Zn2+, Cd2+, or Hg2+ to induce fusion of phospholipid vesicles
      composed of 50%/50%, 60%/40%, or 80%/20% dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
      (DPPC)/bovine brain phosphatidylserine (PS) was investigated and compared to that
      of Ca2+ and Mg2+. In vesicles composed of 50%/50% or 60%/40% DPPC/PS, Zn2+ and
      Cd2+-induced fusion at concentrations considerably lower than were required for
      Ca2+-induced fusion. Only limited fusion of 80%/20% DPPC/PS vesicles occurred and
      Zn2+ was more effective than Ca2+ or Cd2+ in inducing fusion of these vesicles.
      Mg2+ and Hg2+ did not induce fusion in any of the vesicle systems.

PMID- 3838670
TI  - Effects of 1-[2-ethoxy-2-(3'-pyridyl)ethyl]-4-(2'-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (IP
      66), prazosin, yohimbine and dihydroergotoxine mesylate on the vasoconstriction
      of rat mesenteric artery induced by electric stimulation and exogenous
      norepinephrine.
AB  - The effect of (1-[2-ethoxy-2-(3'-pyridyl)ethyl]-4-(2'-methoxy-phenyl)piperazine
      (IP-66) on the contraction of rat mesenteric artery induced by electric
      stimulation (ESV) or by injection of norepinephrine (NESV) was compared with the
      effects of prazosin, yohimbine and dihydroergotoxine mesylate (DHEM).
      Interference of propranolol on the effects of the 4 alpha-blockers was also
      considered. Prazosin has proved to be the strongest antagonist of alpha 1
      receptors towards which, however, it showed a certain bond latency. In particular
      conditions related to increased perfusion time and concentrations prazosin also
      seemed to lose selectivity towards alpha 1-receptors. It was observed that
      yohimbine is a weak postsynaptic antagonist whereas DHEM showed scarce
      selectivity. IP-66 proved to be a strong postsynaptic antagonist with negligible
      presynaptic effect. It was not as strong as prazosin but its bond with alpha 1
      receptors appeared more rapid and steady. Results obtained with prazosin or DHEM
      and propranolol seemed to suggest an equilibrium between beta 2- and alpha 1
      receptors shifted towards the latter.

PMID- 3838671
TI  - KINPAK--a new program package for standardized evaluation of kinetic parameters.
AB  - Concept and basic routines of a new program package (KINPAK) for standardized
      evaluation of kinetic parameters are described. This new program is not based on
      compartmental analysis. Instead the experimental data sequence is fitted by
      flexible regression functions adequate for concentration-time curves. From fitted
      regression curves the relevant biologic parameters are calculated. These
      parameters express mainly the geometric properties of the curve. The fitting and
      parameter calculation is governed by numerous plausibility checks which guarantee
      feasible and reproducible results without arbitary intervention by the user. The
      program is mainly designed for use in industrial research and for presentation to
      administrative authorities. The methods are standardized and concieved to be
      performed as closed job. Tables and graphs can be generated for entire
      experimental series and are ready for use as documentation required by regulatory
      agencies.

PMID- 3838672
TI  - Distribution and binding of glycosaminoglycan polysulfate to intervertebral disc,
      knee joint articular cartilage and meniscus.
AB  - The relative incorporation of 3H-Glycosaminoglycan polysulfate (3H-GP, Arteparon)
      into rabbit knee joint articular cartilage, patella cartilage, meniscus and
      intervertebral disc tissues was determined at 1, 2, 4 and 8 d after intramuscular
      administration (60 muCi/kg, 400 micrograms/kg). The distribution of the drug
      within these tissues was also examined autoradiographically. The highest uptake
      of 3H-GP occurred in the menisci and was observed to be largely localised about
      collagen fibres on the outer periphery of these tissues. Over the eight day
      period, the level present declined to approximately 50% of that present on day
      one. The level of drug attained in articular and patella cartilages was
      approximately 20-25% of that in the meniscus. It was uniformly dispersed and
      remained fairly constant over the eight day period. Of greatest interest was the
      finding for the disc, where the highest level of labelling, which occurred on day
      two, was comparable to the knee joint hyaline cartilages and was associated with
      the collagenous lamella structure of the outer annulus fibrosus. After day two,
      the level of drug in these areas declined, accompanied by an accumulation in the
      nucleus pulposus. Using an ion exchange assay technique, and gel permeation
      chromatography of 4M guanidine hydrochloride extracts of these connective
      tissues, binding of 3H-GP to proteoglycans, collagen and non-collagenous
      proteins, was demonstrated; the latter component representing the major drug
      binding species. It is suggested that localisation of the drug within these
      connective tissues may be beneficial in protecting their matrix components
      against enzymatic degradation in the pathological state.

PMID- 3838673
TI  - Simulation studies of errors of parameter estimates in pharmacokinetics.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic parameters are indispensable for the development and evaluation
      of drugs. Therefore, they are required by international drug agencies and may
      influence relevant decisions. Their determination from experimental results is
      only possible with statistical errors. For the estimation of these errors only
      approximative procedures are available. A widespread approximation (information
      inequality) is based on specific assumptions which are invalid in practice.
      Erroneous estimations of unknown amount may consequently result. Alternative
      methods more adaptable to reality are simulation techniques with random numbers.
      This technique was used to calculate the statistical variability of parameter
      estimates for the usual compartment models. The results were compared with the
      variation of the parameter estimates from a descriptive model function recently
      developed. Adequate curves were predefined by appropriate parameter sets. Around
      these curves, a random generator simulated 500 data sequences. Fitting with the
      appertaining model function resulted in 500 sets of estimated parameters. The
      statistical behavior of the parameter estimates was investigated. The parameters
      computed by the fitting procedure--in the compartment models the rate constants-
      showed a large variation so that an estimate from a single data sequence does
      barely reproduce the "true" value of the parameter. In contrast, the parameters
      derived from the geometric properties of the fitted curves (e.g., area under
      curve, time and height of maximum) showed considerable less variation. As far as
      these investigations allow a conclusion, the latter parameters seem to be
      sufficiently reliable for practical purposes.

PMID- 3838674
TI  - Effect of 8-(3-diethylaminopropyl)-6,6-dimethyl-(2-phenyl-1 H-imidazo(4,5
      h))isoquinoline-7,9-(6H)-dione dihydrochloride (AR-LH31) on experimental cardiac
      arrhythmias in dogs.
AB  - The effects of intravenously administered 8-(3-diethylaminopropyl)-6,6-dimethyl
      (2-phenyl-1H-imidazo (4,5H))-isoquinoline-7,9-(6H)-dione dihydrochloride (AR
      LH31) on experimentally induced ventricular tachycardia were studied in dogs.
      Ventricular tachycardia was produced in 6 anaesthetised dogs by the intravenous
      injection of ouabain (66.7 +/- 4.9 mg/kg). AR-LH31 administered by increasing
      bolus injections every 5 min completely suppressed the ventricular tachycardia
      with a return to sinus rhythm in 1 out of 6 dogs, with a partial return of sinus
      beats in a second dog. There was no return to sinus rhythm in the 4 remaining
      dogs after doses ranging from 1.75 to 15.75 mg/kg. Observations were made in 9
      conscious dogs 22-24 hours after ligation of the anterior descending branch of
      the left coronary artery when a ventricular tachycardia was present. The
      administration of AR-LH31 by bolus intravenous injection in 4 dogs did not
      abolish the arrhythmia in any dog but increased the number of sinus beats. In 3
      out of 4 dogs after a cumulative dose of 7.75 mg/kg, 60% of ventricular beats
      were of sinus origin. The effects of larger doses could not be studied be cause
      of adverse effects. In 5 dogs the administration of AR-LH31 by constant
      intravenous infusion at 16 mg/kg/h restored sinus rhythm in all dogs after a mean
      dose of 9.9 +/- 0.9 mg/kg. These studies indicate that AR-LH31 has anti
      arrhythmic activity in dogs and highlight the importance of the method of
      administration in determining the effects of a drug.

PMID- 3838675
TI  - Variability of caffeine metabolism in humans.
AB  - The metabolic disappearance of caffeine from blood is subject to substantial
      inter- and intra-individual variation. Smoking of cigarettes and other inducers
      of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase tend to enhance the caffeine metabolism;
      pregnancy, the use of oral contraceptives, and various kinds of liver disease
      prolong the caffeine half-life. A genetic component affecting caffeine half-life
      has not yet been systematically searched for, but might be expected to affect the
      response to cigarette smoke and similar inducing agents, rather than to provide
      direct control of caffeine metabolism. The secondary metabolisms of the primary
      caffeine metabolites are strongly affected by the well-known genetic polymorphism
      of the N-acetyltransferase of human liver (a polymorphism originally discovered
      by studies of isoniazid metabolism). Since the proportion of slow acetylators
      differs in different ethnic populations, many ethnic differences in the ultimate
      fate of caffeine are to be expected. An observed difference of paraxanthine
      excretion between Caucasian and Oriental subjects might reflect a difference in
      the capacity for renal tubular reabsorption of that substance, but further
      metabolic differences cannot be excluded. The renal elimination of the
      dimethylxanthines is urinary flow dependent while that of the water soluble
      metabolites 1-methylxanthine and AFMU (5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3
      methyluracil) is not. Thus, the urinary metabolite pattern can be expected to
      vary from time to time. However, habitual coffee intake does not affect the
      metabolite pattern of caffeine.

PMID- 3838676
TI  - Selective labelling of M1-receptors in autonomic ganglia with 3H-pirenzepine.
AB  - Using the classical muscarinic antagonist 3H-N-methyl-scopolamine as radioligand
      and unlabelled pirenzepine (PZ) as displacing agent, a heterogeneous muscarinic
      receptor population consisting of about 70% M1-receptors and 30% M2-receptor, can
      be demonstrated in crude membranes of calf sympathetic ganglia. In the same
      preparation only low and variable specific binding is detectable when 3H-PZ is
      used as marker ligand. The situation clearly improves when synaptosomes are
      prepared from the ganglia. Then binding of 3H-PZ can be measured with a
      favourable specific to non specific binding ratio and with features compatible
      with the selective labelling of ganglionic M1-receptor sites. It is concluded
      that the 3H-PZ binding assay in synaptosomes of autonomic ganglia is a novel
      method for the characterization of the peripheral M1-receptor.

PMID- 3838677
TI  - [6R-[(R)-2-[3-[2-(p-Aminosulfonyl)anilino-4-hydroxy-5- pyrimidinyl]ureido]-2-(4
      hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-penicillanic acid, sodium salt (VX-VC 43), a new broad
      spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic. In vitro and in vivo antibiotic activity].
AB  - 6R-[(R)-2-[3-[2-(p-Aminosulfonyl) anilino-4-hydroxy-5-pyrimidinyl] ureido]-2-(4
      hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-penicillanic acid, sodium salt (VX-VC 43), a
      pyrimidinylureidopenicillin, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. In vitro it is more
      active than piperacillin, apalcillin and mezlocillin especially against the
      following strains; E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa, Ps. stutzeri, K. pneumoniae, Eb.
      cloacae, Ser. marcescens, Proteus, Sh. flexneri, Y. enterocolitica, Cb. freundii,
      Acb. calcoaceticus, Bacteroides and Sc. faecalis. The minimal inhibitory
      concentration (MIC, micrograms/ml), for VX-VC 43 lies between 0.06 and 4 for
      piperacillin between 0.25 and 16, for apalcillin between 0.25 and 8, and for
      mezlocillin between 0.5 and 32. The action of VX-VC 43 is bactericidal. In tests
      against patient-isolates of E. coli (n = 50), Ps. aeruginosa (n = 50), K.
      pneumoniae (n = 46) and Eb. cloacae (n = 50) VX-VC 43 is clearly more active than
      Piperacillin. In the case of Ps. aeruginosa 2 micrograms/ml VX-VC 43 inhibits
      43.9% of the bacteria and 8.5% with piperacillin; for E. coli 0.25 micrograms/ml
      inhibits 43.9% with VX-VC 43 and 0% with piperacillin; for K. pneumoniae 4
      micrograms/ml inhibits 43.7% with VX-VC 43 and 28% for piperacillin; with Eb.
      cloacae 2 micrograms/ml inhibits 78% with VX-VC 43 and 4% with piperacillin.
      Addition of 50% human serum, or a change in culture medium pH (from 6 to 8) has
      little or no effect on the MIC of VX-VC 43 or piperacillin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3838678
TI  - Maternal paralytic ileus as a complication of magnesium sulfate tocolysis.
AB  - Beta-adrenergic agonists tocolysis is currently the most popular treatment
      modality in the United States. However, magnesium sulfate is receiving increasing
      attention as an alternating tocolytic agent in the presence of various clinical
      situations, such as the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes. While there is
      an abundance of information about the maternal and fetal side effects associated
      with beta-adrenergic tocolysis, little information is available about maternal
      adverse side effects of magnesium sulfate treatment for preterm labor. Side
      effects such as pulmonary edema, respiratory depression, hypocalcemia, and
      hypermagnesemia have been reported in patients receiving this agent for either
      tocolysis or pre-eclampsia, though their occurrence is quite rare. One of the
      infrequent complications of beta-adrenergic agonist tocolysis is the occurrence
      of a paralytic ileus, which to our knowledge has not yet been reported in
      association with magnesium sulfate tocolysis. This article therefore concerns the
      development of a paralytic ileus in a patient receiving parenteral magnesium
      sulfate for tocolysis. The clinical features are described and the possible
      mechanisms involved discussed.

PMID- 3838679
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse in hyperthyroidism of two different origins.
AB  - The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse was investigated in 126 patients with
      hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease or toxic nodular goitre and that of
      hyperthyroidism in 64 patients with mitral valve prolapse. One hundred and eleven
      asymptomatic healthy subjects comprised a control group. The patients with
      hyperthyroidism were divided into those with Graves' disease and those with toxic
      nodular goitre. Of the group as whole, 12 (9.5%) patients had mitral valve
      prolapse compared with six (5.4%) in the control group, but the difference was
      not statistically significant. The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in the
      patients with toxic goitre was also not significantly different from that in the
      controls. When the prevalence in the group with Graves' disease was compared with
      that in the control group (16.3% vs 5.4%) the difference was significant. Only
      one patient with mitral valve prolapse had hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 3838680
TI  - Effect of intrathecal diamorphine on the adrenocortical, hyperglycaemic and
      cardiovascular responses to major colonic surgery.
AB  - The effect of the intrathecal administration of diamorphine on the
      hyperglycaemic, adrenocortical and cardiovascular responses to major colonic
      surgery were investigated, and the results compared with those obtained in a
      similar group of patients receiving low doses of fentanyl. In the group receiving
      intrathecal diamorphine, the hyperglycaemic response was delayed, and the
      adrenocortical response decreased significantly both during and following
      surgery; there were no significant cardiovascular responses to incision, and
      analgesia was prolonged after operation.

PMID- 3838681
TI  - A comparative study of the pulmonary effects of NO2 in the rat and hamster.
AB  - A study of the response of rat and hamster to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) under
      identical conditions has been undertaken. Exposure to 20 parts/IO6 NO2 for 24 h
      produced a mild cytotoxic effect on the terminal bronchiole and proximal alveoli
      in the rat, whereas the hamster developed a moderate to severe bronchiolitis and
      alveolitis. Electron microscopic examination of tissue sections showed
      accumulation of surfactant in lamellar bodies of the alveolar type II cell in the
      rat but not in the hamster, whereas in the hamster Clara cells were observed in
      mitosis. Increased levels of surfactant isolated from whole lung homogenates by
      sucrose gradient centrifugation were found in both rat and hamster. In contrast
      surfactant isolated from bronchiolo-alveolar lavage was increased only in the
      hamster. The results suggest that caution must be exercised in the choice of
      animal model in investigations aimed at the understanding of the toxicological
      effects of nitrogen dioxide in man.

PMID- 3838682
TI  - Comparison of the crystallin mRNA populations from rat, calf and duck lens.
      Evidence for a longer alpha A2-mRNA and two distinct alpha B2-mRNAs in the birds.
AB  - Total cytoplasmic poly(A)-containing RNA from rat, calf and duck lens was
      fractionated by electrophoresis in methylmercury hydroxide-containing agarose
      gels. RNA electrophoresed in parallel lanes was either transferred onto
      nitrocellulose and hybridized with total cDNA synthesized on the initial mRNA or
      was recovered from individual gel fractions for in vitro translation in a
      reticulocyte cell-free system. This allowed the identification and size
      characterization of individual mRNA species encoding alpha-, beta-, gamma- and
      delta-crystallin polypeptides. The 14 S mRNA fraction of rat lens comprises two
      alpha A2-mRNAs of approximately 1250 and 1350 nucleotides and the alpha AIns-mRNA
      with a size similar to that of the largest alpha A2-mRNA. The calf lens 14 S mRNA
      fraction harbors a heterogeneous population of alpha A2-mRNA. In the same
      fraction another mRNA encoding a polypeptide, designated X, has been found
      sharing no homology with alpha A sequences. The duck lens alpha A2-mRNA appears
      to be 400-450 bases longer than the rat and calf lens alpha A2-mRNAs.
      Furthermore, in contrast to the single alpha B2-mRNA in rat and calf lens, two
      alpha B2-mRNAs have been identified in duck lens, one, the major species, similar
      in size to the alpha B2-mRNA in rat and calf lens (800 bases), and the other
      species 700 nucleotides longer. The large size differences among the alpha A2-
      and alpha B2-mRNAs most likely reside in their 3'-untranslated sequences.

PMID- 3838683
TI  - Cross-linking studies of adrenocortical cytochrome P-450scc. Evidence for a
      covalent complex with adrenodoxin and localization of the adrenodoxin-binding
      domain.
AB  - A cleavable cross-linking reagent, dimethyl-3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate, was
      used to study the molecular organization of adrenocortical cytochrome P-450scc.
      Extensive cross-linking was found to occur, resulting in the formation of
      heterologous oligomers up to octamer. The covalently cross-linked complex of
      adrenocortical cytochrome P-450scc with adrenodoxin has been obtained by using
      dimethyl-3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate. In the presence of NADPH and adrenodoxin
      reductase, electron transfer to cytochrome P-450scc occurs in the complex, and,
      in the presence of cholesterol, the latter effectively oxidizes to pregnenolone.
      By using covalently immobilized adrenodoxin and heterobifunctional reagent, N
      succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate, the adrenodoxin-binding site was
      shown to be located in the heme-containing, catalytic domain of cytochrome P
      450scc. The data obtained indicate the existence of two different sites on the
      adrenodoxin molecule that are responsible for the interaction with adrenodoxin
      reductase and cytochrome P-450scc. This is consistent with the model mechanism of
      electron transfer in the organized complex.

PMID- 3838684
TI  - [Functional interrelations of brain structures in the cat during the generation
      of rhythmic activity. III. Cluster analysis of rhythmic indices].
AB  - The functional interrelationships of the brain structures of freely moving cats
      in generation of rhythmic EEG activity during the states of drowsiness and light
      sleep were evaluated using the claster analysis of mean values indexes of rhythms
      in different structures as well as correlation coefficients between them in time.
      It was shown that according these parameters visual cortical areas and lateral
      geniculate body appeared in different clusters. Lateral geniculate body suggested
      not to be the only pacemaker of EEG rhythms in visual cortex. The wide
      convergence of subcortical inputs to the visual cortex and possibility of
      autonomic generation of EEG rhythms at the cortical level are discussed as
      putative mechanisms of dissociation of EEG activities in visual cortex and
      thalamus.

PMID- 3838685
TI  - Interaction between Ca2+ and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine membranes. I.
      Transition anomalies of ultrasonic properties.
AB  - The effect of Ca2+ on a gel-to-liquid crystal transition as well as the
      mechanical properties of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers was studied by
      an ultrasonic technique. Transition temperature increased with increase in Ca2+
      concentration, whereas the variation of ultrasonic anomalies indicated that
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers exhibited maximum pseudocritical
      fluctuation at a Ca2+ concentration of about 10 mM. Hardening of
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine membranes due to the Ca2+ binding was observed
      above 10 mM CaCl2, suggesting the lateral compression of the lipid bilayer by
      bound Ca2+. Long-range attraction between bound Ca2+ and the head groups of
      surrounding lipid molecules was proposed from these calcium effects.

PMID- 3838686
TI  - Interaction between Ca2+ and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine membranes. II.
      Fluorescence anisotropy study.
AB  - The effect of Ca2+ on the molecular mobility in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
      membranes was studied by steady-state and time-resolved measurements of
      fluorescence anisotropy. The fluorescence anisotropy decay of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5
      hexatriene in the hydrocarbon region indicated that the free volume of molecular
      rotation became more restricted when the Ca2+ concentration was increased. The
      decrease of the molecular mobility was observed from 1 mM Ca2+, at which the
      number of bound Ca2+ is much less than that of the total lipid molecules. A
      distinct difference between Ca2+ and Mg2+ effects suggested that the change in
      various membrane properties was induced by the binding of these ions. From these
      results we propose a long-range attractive interaction between bound Ca2+ and the
      polar head groups of distant phosphatidylcholine molecules.

PMID- 3838687
TI  - [Antagonism of piracetam with proline in relation to mnestic effects].
AB  - Based on the authors' previous data showing that the lipophylic cethyl group
      promotes the penetration of amino acids through the blood-brain barrier, proline
      cethyl ester was synthesized and studied as a neuropharmacological tool. The
      substance administered to rats systemically (intraperitoneally) was shown to be
      able to provoke a deep amnesia when tested by the conditioned avoidance
      performance. Piracetam abolished the amnestic effect of proline cethyl ester
      while sodium hydroxybutyrate administered in the dosage range provoking the
      nootropic effect did not change that amnesia. The data suggest that proline may
      be considered as one of the possible endogenous amnestic factors. The close
      structural similarity of the piracetam cyclic fragment to proline, which resulted
      in their competition, appears to be one of the reasons for piracetam antiamnestic
      activity.

PMID- 3838688
TI  - Naphthalene distribution in tissues of laying pullets, swine, and dairy cattle.

PMID- 3838689
TI  - Depressant actions of gamma-D-glutamylaminomethyl sulfonate (GAMS) on amino acid
      induced and synaptic excitation in the cat spinal cord.
AB  - We have investigated the effects of iontophoretically administered gamma-D
      glutamylaminomethyl sulfonate (GAMS) on excitation of dorsal horn neurons and
      Renshaw cells of the cat spinal cord induced by exogenous excitants and by
      synaptic activation following stimulation of low threshold primary afferent
      fibers. Comparisons were made between the synaptic depressant effects of GAMS and
      those of gamma-D-glutamylglycine (gamma DGG) and (+/-)-2-amino-5
      phosphonovalerate (APV). At low iontophoretic ejection currents, GAMS showed
      clear selectivity in antagonizing responses to excitatory amino acids in the
      order kainate greater than quisqualate greater than L-aspartate greater than NMDA
      greater than L-glutamate. This selectivity was decreased at high ejection
      currents, when acetylcholine-induced excitation of Renshaw cells was also
      reduced. GAMS was equieffective with gamma DGG in depressing both APV-sensitive
      polysynaptic excitation and APV-resistant monosynaptic excitation of spinal
      neurons. Ventral root evoked excitation of Renshaw cells was not reduced by GAMS.
      In some cells a depression of synaptic excitation by GAMS was observed in the
      absence of an effect on either L-glutamate- or L-aspartate-induced excitation.
      This raises the possibility that some other endogenous substance may be a
      transmitter acting at kainate/quisqualate type receptors in the cat spinal cord.
      However, other factors are discussed which may explain this observation.

PMID- 3838690
TI  - Potentiation of morphine analgesia by the cholecystokinin antagonist proglumide.
AB  - Recent evidence has suggested that cholecystokinin (CCK) may act as a
      physiological opiate antagonist. Both the overlap of CCK and opiate systems
      within the central nervous system and the fact that exogenous CCK can antagonize
      opiate analgesia suggest that endogenous CCK systems interact with opiate
      mediated pain inhibitory systems. In the present series of experiments, we
      examined the effect of the CCK receptor antagonist proglumide on various forms of
      morphine analgesia. We have observed that proglumide can potentiate morphine
      analgesia following systemic, intrathecal or intracerebral administration of
      these drugs. Endogenous CCK systems do not appear to be tonically active since
      neither systemic, intrathecal nor intracerebral proglumide typically produced
      measurable analgesia in the absence of morphine. These data suggest that CCK may
      be released in response to opiate administration and acts to return the organism
      toward its basal level of pain sensitivity. If such a hypothesis is in fact true,
      then CCK blockade may be of clinical value in the treatment of pain.

PMID- 3838691
TI  - Cholecystokinin antagonists selectively potentiate analgesia induced by
      endogenous opiates.
AB  - We have recently observed that exogenous sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide
      (CCK) can antagonize various forms of opiate analgesia and that the CCK receptor
      blocker proglumide potentiates morphine analgesia. These observations, plus the
      similarity in the distribution of CCK and opiate systems, suggest that endogenous
      CCK may act as a physiological opiate antagonist. We have extended these initial
      studies by examining the effect of CCK antagonists on opiate analgesia produced
      by release of endogenous opiates (front paw footshock induced analgesia) and by
      intrathecal administration of D-Ala-methionine enkephalinamide, a stable analogue
      of an endogenous opiate. Additionally, the specificity of proglumide's effect was
      examined by testing the effect of this drug on various forms of non-opiate
      analgesia. This series of experiments demonstrate that CCK antagonists can
      markedly potentiate analgesia induced by endogenous opiates and provide strong
      support for the hypothesis that endogenous CCK systems can oppose the analgesic
      effects of opiates. Potentiation of analgesia by CCK receptor blockers appears to
      be selective for opiate systems since proglumide typically attenuated or had no
      effect on various forms of non-opiate analgesia. These data suggest that CCK
      blockers may be clinically useful for enhancing the analgesic effects of
      procedures such as acupuncture, which may be mediated by release of endogenous
      opiates.

PMID- 3838692
TI  - Cross-reactivities of neuropeptide Y and peptide YY with pancreatic polypeptide
      antisera: evidence for the existence of pancreatic polypeptide in the brain.
AB  - Highly purified neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) did not cross-react in
      our human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) radioimmunoassay, nor did 125I-labelled
      NPY and PYY, even with anti-hPP serum at low dilution (1:1000). However, both
      [125I]NPY and [125I]PYY significantly cross-reacted with anti-bovine PP (bPP)
      serum at low dilution (1:1000, similar to that used in immunohistochemistry).
      These results suggest that radioassayable hPP-like peptide in the porcine or
      canine brain is probably pancreatic polypeptide itself, otherwise
      immunohistochemically detected bPP-like peptide may represent both NPY and PP.

PMID- 3838693
TI  - A simple interface emancipates your computer from interspike interval duration
      measurement primitives.
AB  - A simple interface to a computer is described which through hardware measures
      interspike interval durations or events of similar time course. Two examples of
      software interface to a microcomputer are given. The device releases the computer
      from low level tasks and thus allows better utilization of a tool of increasing
      usefulness.

PMID- 3838695
TI  - Failure of gallamine and pancuronium to inhibit selectively (-)-[3H]quinuclidinyl
      benzilate binding in guinea-pig atria.
AB  - Binding of (-)-[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) to muscarinic sites in guinea
      pig atrial and ileal longitudinal muscle homogenates showed the presence of a
      single population of binding sites in atria (KD = 41 (32-53) (95% confidence
      limits) pM; Bmax = 0.225 +/- 0.02 pmol/mg protein (3)) and two binding sites in
      the ileum (KD = 20.9 (8.8-49) pM and 11.3 nM; Bmax = 0.436 +/- 0.09 and 11.85 +/-
      2.63 pmol/mg protein (4), respectively). Atropine, gallamine, and pancuronium
      displaced (-)-[3H]QNB binding from the high affinity binding sites in the two
      tissues in a dose-dependent manner with -log Ki values of 8.6, 6.4, and 6.9,
      respectively, in atria and 8.7, 6.8, and 6.9, respectively, in ileal longitudinal
      muscle. The lack of selectivity of gallamine and pancuronium in binding
      experiments differed from results obtained in isolated tissue experiments where
      these antagonists showed a marked difference in their ability to antagonize
      cholinomimetics in the two tissues. In addition, the Ki values for gallamine and
      pancuronium in ileal homogenates were ca. 130- and 16-fold lower, respectively,
      than their KB values determined from isolated tissue experiments. Attempts to
      correlate data from binding experiments and isolated tissue experiments using
      combinations of antagonists led to variable results attributed to differences in
      the rates of dissociation of the antagonists from muscarinic receptors. It is
      concluded that the interaction of gallamine or pancuronium with agonists or
      antagonists at muscarinic receptors is not a simple bimolecular interaction.

PMID- 3838694
TI  - Atracurium and severe hepatic disease: a case report.
AB  - Atracurium is a new non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent, metabolized
      through Hofmann elimination. A case is presented in which a 45-year-old patient
      with severe liver disease showed a decreased response to atracurium. The possible
      causes of resistance to atracurium are discussed. We conclude that atracurium may
      be used in patients with severe hepatic disease.

PMID- 3838696
TI  - Results of a pilot study for the treatment of childhood acute nonlymphoblastic
      leukemia.
AB  - Eighteen children with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia were entered on a pilot
      protocol. The drugs used were vincristine, daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside,
      and prednisolone for remission induction, high-dose cyclophosphamide together
      with vincristine and mercaptopurine for consolidation, and cycles of vincristine,
      prednisolone, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, and daunorubicin for maintenance
      therapy. Prophylactic central nervous system therapy (cranial radiotherapy 2400
      rad and intrathecal methotrexate 10 mg/m2 for five doses) was given once
      remission had been achieved. Fourteen of the 18 children (78%) achieved complete
      remission (CR) and 50% of those achieving CR remain in CR for 35+ to 87+ months.
      Survival for all children ranges from 2 to 88+ months with 50% remaining alive
      for 36+ to 88+ months. The protocol was well tolerated with minimal side effects.
      These results together with those of other recently reported studies indicate an
      improving prognosis for acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in childhood.

PMID- 3838697
TI  - Chromosome changes in a secondary lymphoma.
AB  - A case of probable secondary lymphoma, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma
      (PDLL), is described in which two chromosomal translocations were observed, i.e.,
      t(10;19)(q11;q13) and t(1;6)(q21;p11.1-2). A consistent numerical aberration was
      monosomy of chromosome #21. Accumulation of more data on secondary lymphomas is
      necessary in order to reach a general conclusion as to whether or not there are
      any nonrandom chromosomal aberrations that differentiate primary from secondary
      lymphomas.

PMID- 3838698
TI  - Aplysia neurons express a gene encoding multiple FMRFamide neuropeptides.
AB  - The neuroactive peptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRF-amide) has a variety of effects
      on both mammalian and invertebrate tissues; moreover, FMRFamide-like
      immunoreactivity is found throughout the animal kingdom. Here we describe the
      isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone from an Aplysia abdominal ganglion
      cDNA library that encodes a precursor protein that may give rise to as many as 19
      individual FMRFamide peptides. Nearly all of the FMRF sequences are flanked on
      the amino terminus by Lys-Arg residues and on the carboxy terminus by Gly-Lys
      residues, suggesting that the single lysine residues function to signal cleavage
      by processing enzymes. The gene is present in a single copy per haploid genome
      and gives rise to multiple transcripts, at least some of which appear to arise
      through alternate RNA splicing. Immunohistochemical analysis suggests that the
      peptide is present in many neurons throughout the Aplysia nervous system and that
      these neurons send processes to a variety of different tissues.

PMID- 3838699
TI  - Expression of class I genes in the major histocompatibility complex:
      identification of eight distinct mRNAs in DBA/2 mouse liver.
AB  - The mouse H-2 multigene family includes the genes coding for the major
      transplantation antigens and for genes located in the Qa-TIa region. We have
      studied a collection of class I cDNA clones made from liver mRNA of DBA/2 mice (H
      2d haplotype) and found that at least six distinct class I genes are transcribed,
      including three genes of the Qa-TIa region. Two of these six genes each yield two
      distinct mRNAs, resulting from alternate splicing. Altogether, liver cells may
      express at least eight distinct class I polypeptides, of which three might be
      secreted, while one may be a new presumptive nonpolymorphic surface antigen.

PMID- 3838700
TI  - Overview and philosophy of knee injuries.
AB  - The problem of the injured knee has attracted thoughtful discussion over the
      years. A current review of changes in thinking and treatment relative to the
      meniscus, ligament injuries, the extensor mechanism, prosthetic ligaments, and
      rehabilitation is presented.

PMID- 3838701
TI  - Screening of athletic knee injuries.
AB  - The screening of athletic knee injuries requires a great deal of judgment and
      experience on the part of the physician. There are many gray areas with
      differences of opinion regarding methods of treatment by experts in the field.
      There is, however, unanimity of opinion regarding the necessity for immediate
      careful and thorough evaluation of injuries to the athlete's knee as well as
      prompt, appropriate treatment in order to prevent severe disability in the
      future.

PMID- 3838702
TI  - Current concepts of meniscal function and pathology.
AB  - The advantages of preserving the menisci are reduced degenerative changes and
      improved stability. At long-term follow-up, even arthroscopic partial
      meniscectomy in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee results in more
      than twice the incidence of Fairbank's changes compared with a normal meniscus,
      stable meniscus tears left alone, or meniscus repair.

PMID- 3838703
TI  - Rationale for meniscus repair or excision.
AB  - A selective approach to meniscus lesions has evolved to replace the traditional
      approach of total meniscectomy for all tears. The rationale is to preserve as
      much functional meniscus tissue as possible in the hope of decreasing the risk of
      late degenerative sequelae and still relieve the symptoms associated with the
      meniscus tear. The principles that should be considered for the various treatment
      options of leaving certain tears alone, meniscus repair, partial meniscectomy,
      and total meniscectomy have been reviewed. The early to intermediate results of
      this selective approach are encouraging and warrant continuation of its use. It
      should be emphasized, however, that continuing follow-up studies are necessary to
      establish whether the primary goal of improving long-term results following
      meniscus surgery will be achieved.

PMID- 3838704
TI  - Reasonable expectations following arthroscopic surgery.
AB  - The primary determinant of the ultimate outcome of surgery is the nature of the
      underlying disease. The current applications of arthroscopic surgery to various
      disease entities are reviewed and the results that can reasonably be expected
      with each are summarized. As time goes on, the number of diseases that can be
      treated arthroscopically and the efficacy of treatment will continue to improve.

PMID- 3838705
TI  - Knee problems in children and adolescents.
AB  - It is important to recognize that there are differences in the spectrum of knee
      injuries that occur in childhood and adolescence and to always keep these in mind
      when examining the younger athlete. Constant vigilance for hip pathology
      presenting as knee pain is also necessary in this age group. As the tendency
      becomes greater for practitioners to become more specialized in treatment
      modalities (for example, arthroscopic surgeons, knee surgeons, and so forth), the
      likelihood of making preventable errors in the case of young athletes increases.
      The comprehensive care of the athlete and his or her injury is paramount, and one
      should be wary of the pressure to treat the youngster as one might the college or
      professional athlete in order to return him or her to sports more quickly.
      Serious injuries require time to heal and even more time for the patient to
      convalesce and undergo rehabilitation.

PMID- 3838706
TI  - Evidence for N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-aminopyrene as a major DNA adduct in female
      rats treated with 1-nitropyrene.
AB  - [3H]1-Nitropyrene was administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg by i.p. injection to
      female Wistar rats. Animals were killed 24 h later and DNA was isolated from
      kidney, liver and mammary gland, enzymically hydrolysed and analysed by reverse
      phase h.p.l.c. A major adduct peak was detected in DNA from each of the three
      organs. Enzymic hydrolysates of DNA, which had been reacted in vitro with 1
      nitropyrene in the presence of xanthine oxidase, were similarly analysed by
      h.p.l.c. One major adduct peak was obtained which had the same retention time as
      the in vivo product. Confirmatory evidence that the in vivo adduct and the in
      vitro adduct were structurally similar was obtained from the determination of the
      pH-dependent solvent partitioning profiles. Further, treatment of the in vivo
      adduct from liver, kidney or mammary gland DNA hydrolysates and the in vitro
      adduct with sodium hydroxide resulted in the formation of a more polar product
      which eluted earlier on h.p.l.c. This behaviour is consistent with scission of
      the imidazole ring of a deoxyguanosine adduct. The major DNA adduct formed in
      vitro following xanthine oxidase reduction of 1-nitropyrene has previously been
      identified by others as N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-aminopyrene. The present data
      suggest that the in vivo 1-nitropyrene-DNA adduct has the same structure.

PMID- 3838707
TI  - Failure of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol to limit infarct size after
      ischemia and reperfusion in dogs.
AB  - During the acute phase of myocardial ischemia, adenine nucleotides are degraded
      to nucleosides and bases, especially inosine and hypoxanthine. Simultaneously,
      xanthine dehydrogenase is converted to xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that converts
      hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid, producing a superoxide anion
      for each molecule of hypoxanthine or xanthine oxidized. To determine if free
      radicals via this enzymatic source contribute to cell death in myocardial
      ischemia, we determined whether allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase,
      could limit infarct size in a reperfusion preparation of myocardial infarction.
      The circumflex coronary artery of each of 34 dogs was occluded for 40 min,
      followed by reperfusion for 4 days. Infarct size then was measured by histologic
      methods and was related to major baseline predictors of infarct size, including
      anatomic area at risk and collateral blood flow. Infarct size was larger (NS) in
      the allopurinol (n = 8) than in the control (n = 11) group, a trend that was
      related to slightly higher (NS) collateral blood flow in the control group. We
      conclude that allopurinol has no beneficial effect in this preparation of
      experimental myocardial infarction. The results oppose the hypothesis that free
      radicals, produced via the xanthine oxidase reaction, are an important
      contributing factor in myocardial ischemic cell death.

PMID- 3838708
TI  - Evaluation of a benchtop capillary gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer for
      clinical toxicology.
AB  - We evaluated the Hewlett-Packard 5995B benchtop capillary gas chromatograph-mass
      spectrometer (GC-MS) for its ability to identify drugs commonly detected and (or)
      measured in the clinical toxicology laboratory. Initial experiments indicated
      that the instrument as originally configured, with an isolation valve between the
      gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer, was unsatisfactory for the
      identification of hypnotics-sedatives. However, with the capillary inserted
      directly into the ion source, we could detect 10 ng of these drugs on a total-ion
      chromatogram. The software programs cause the instrument to be highly automated.
      In terms of ease of operation and speed it was found suitable for use in a
      routine clinical laboratory. Chromatography of urine extracts on the capillary
      gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer yielded excellent resolution of parent
      compounds and metabolites (e.g., diphenhydramine together with approximately four
      metabolites and propoxyphene with four metabolites). However, the manufacturer's
      computer program used to evaluate the quality of the match between the
      experimental mass spectra and the 375 drug reference spectra was only moderately
      successful in identifying unknown compounds. The ability of this capillary GC-MS
      to identify most compounds with a high degree of confidence will be increased by
      enlarging the library to include more drugs and metabolites and by using a more
      reliable computerized matching program.

PMID- 3838709
TI  - Scintillation counting of radioactive phospholipids: influence of counting
      solutions.

PMID- 3838711
TI  - Serum levels of pregnancy associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG) during
      pregnancy in autoimmune thyroid disease: relationship to disease activity.
AB  - Serum concentrations of pregnancy associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG)
      were measured serially by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay during 24
      pregnancies in 18 patients with Graves' disease and four with Hashimoto's
      thyroiditis. During each trimester, alpha 2-PAG levels were significantly higher
      than in normal pregnant controls, matched for week of gestation. Patients showing
      remission of disease activity had progressively higher alpha 2-PAG levels
      throughout pregnancy than those with active disease. The data support the idea
      that alpha 2-PAG may play an important role in inducing and maintaining the
      clinical remissions observed in some women with autoimmune thyroid disease during
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3838710
TI  - Comparative effects of sodium ipodate and iodide on serum thyroid hormone
      concentrations in patients with Graves' disease.
AB  - Patients with thyrotoxic Graves' disease were treated daily for 10 d with 1 g
      sodium ipodate, an iodine rich X-ray contrast agent which impairs outer ring (5'
      ) deiodination of T4 to T3, or with 12 drops of a saturated solution of potassium
      iodide (SSKI). T4, T3 and reverse T3 (rT3) concentrations were measured before,
      during, and 5 and 10 d after the administration of each drug. SSKI therapy
      induced a decrease in the serum T4 concentration from 14.7 +/- 1.3 microgram/dl
      (mean +/- SE) to a nadir of 7.9 +/- 0.9 on days 9 and 10 of therapy, all values
      reaching the normal range by day 9; a decrease in the serum T3 concentration from
      402 +/- 43 ng/dl to a nadir of 143 +/- 20 on day 10, remaining elevated in all
      patients until day 5 and decreasing into the normal range in all except one
      patient on days 9 and 10; and no change in the serum rT3 concentration. Serum T4
      and T3 concentrations returned to baseline values 10 d after withdrawal of SSKI.
      In contrast sodium ipodate therapy induced only a modest decrease in the serum T4
      concentration from 15.1 +/- 0.7 micrograms/dl to a nadir on day 9 of 11.3 +/- 1.0
      and serum T4 remained above the normal range in most patients until day 8; a
      striking and rapid decrease (within 12 h) in ther serum T3 concentration from 340
      +/- 36 ng/dl to mean values ranging from 79 to 85 during the last 5 d of therapy,
      with most values below the normal range during the last 3 d; and a marked
      increase in the serum rT3 concentration from 111 +/- 15 ng/dl to a peak value of
      376 +/- 59 on day 5.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3838713
TI  - An algorithm to count the number of repeated patient data entries with B tree.
AB  - An algorithm to obtain the number of different values that appear a specified
      number of times in a given data field of a given data file is presented.
      Basically, a well-known B-tree structure is employed in this study. Some
      modifications were made to the basic B-tree algorithm. The first step of the
      modifications is to allow a data item whose values are not necessary distinct
      from one record to another to be used as a primary key. When a key value is
      inserted, the number of previous appearances is counted. At the end of all the
      insertions, the number of key values which are unique in the tree, the number of
      key values which appear twice, three times, and so forth are obtained. This
      algorithm is especially powerful for a large size file in disk storage.

PMID- 3838712
TI  - A BASIC computer program for evaluating the effect of sample distribution on the
      least-squares regression slope estimate.
AB  - Least-squares regression analysis is widely used in analytical method comparison
      studies even though model assumptions are typically violated. The advantages
      favoring the use of the least-squares technique, when applicable, are that its
      theoretical characteristics are thoroughly developed and the calculations are
      straightforward and universally known. In order to aid an investigator in
      determining whether or not the least-squares technique can be acceptably applied
      in a given method comparison situation, a BASIC computer program is developed
      that evaluates the bias of the least-squares slope estimate as a function of the
      precision characteristics of the analytical methods and the proposed sampling
      distribution for the method comparison experiment.

PMID- 3838714
TI  - Three-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections III. AUTOSCAN, a software
      package in FORTRAN for semiautomated photomicrography.
AB  - A FORTRAN program, called AUTOSCAN, is described. This program permits the
      collection of photomicrographic data from serial sections to be semiautomated. In
      essence the user defines a box around a microscopic field of interest. Then the
      program drives the stage incrementally in the x and y directions, taking
      photographs of contiguous subfields. The box is defined by the use of a joystick
      and the "return" key. That is, movements of a joystick cause the stage to
      translate in the x and y directions. When a corner of the object is reached, as
      defined by cross-hairs in the microscope eyepiece, the user hits the return key.
      Repetition of this process at each corner defines a "box" within which
      photographs are to be taken. AUTOSCAN then calculates the step size and the
      number of frames to be taken from the user-defined values for the magnification.
      The actual movements of the stage in the x and y directions and the photography
      are fully automated. Each frame of film has the x and y coordinates of the center
      of the subfield being photographed imprinted in one corner, along with other
      relevant data. The x and y coordinates permit the resultant information to be
      assembled correctly into a two-dimensional montage.

PMID- 3838715
TI  - A FORTRAN program for the design and analysis of sequential clinical trials.
AB  - Clinical scientists are becoming increasingly aware of the need to monitor
      clinical trials in progress, and to validate their procedure by the use of a
      formal sequential design. An interactive program, written in FORTRAN 77 and
      called "PEST: Planning and Evaluation of Sequential Tests," is introduced. The
      program can be used to design trials based on the sequential probability ratio
      test, the triangular test, and the restricted procedure, among others.
      Furthermore, from the observed terminal values of the test statistics, the
      program will provide an analysis which includes the significance level and point
      and interval estimates of the parameter of interest. The computations are based
      on large-sample theory which encompasses many types of patient response,
      including binary and ordinal outcomes as well as survival times.

PMID- 3838716
TI  - A nonlinear least-squares method for determining cerebrospinal fluid formation
      and absorption kinetics in pseudotumor cerebri.
AB  - Data from 14 patients with benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri)
      have been analyzed using a nonlinear least-squares regression model which was
      developed and programmed from in-hospital microcomputer use. The method of
      analysis permits rapid estimation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formation and
      absorption rates as functions of pressure in individual patients using data from
      constant-rate infusion manometrics. The analysis predicts that prednisone therapy
      in pseudotumor cerebri reduces resting CSF pressure by increasing CSF absorption
      at all intracranial pressures studied, and decreasing CSF formation at high
      pressures. This result is in accordance with evidence suggesting that impaired
      CSF absorption plays a major role in the pathogenesis of increased intracranial
      pressure in pseudotumor cerebri.

PMID- 3838717
TI  - Postpartum atony of the small and large intestine in a Holstein cow: a case of
      pseudo-obstruction.
AB  - A four-year-old Holstein, 23 days postpartum, was presented with abdominal
      distention. Gas filled viscera were detected in the right paralumbar fossa and
      pelvic canal. Surgery revealed cecal and colonic distention and generalized
      intestinal atony. There was no other evidence of gross pathology. The condition
      deteriorated during five post-operative days. Gross postmortem findings were not
      remarkable; histopathology revealed ganglionitis of the cranial mesenteric
      ganglion and myenteric plexus. A brief review of relevant literature for a
      differential diagnosis and an etiology is discussed.

PMID- 3838718
TI  - [Nucleotide sequence of the 3'-nontranslated region of the mRNA of alpha S1
      casein in cows].

PMID- 3838719
TI  - [Chemotherapy of advanced lymphogranulomatosis. Results of MOPP/COPP treatment at
      the West German Tumor Center, Essen].
AB  - Between 1968 and 1979, a total of 271 patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease
      received as first systemic chemotherapy MOPP (mechlorethamine [nitrogen mustard],
      oncovin [vincristine], procarbazine and prednisone) or COPP (as above, but
      cyclophosphamide instead of nitrogen mustard). In 162 of the 271 patients (60%)
      full remission was achieved. Demonstration of systemic signs, bioptically
      confirmed bone-marrow infiltration and suboptimal cytostatic dosage correlated
      significantly with a lower full-remission rate. A significant trend towards a
      lower remission rate was demonstrated for stage IV disease, in patients with
      lymphocyte-poor or unclassified Hodgkin's disease and in those older than 30
      years. A five-year recurrence-free period was achieved in 75.5% of patients:
      stage of the disease and bone-marrow infiltration had a clear influence on
      recurrence-free survival rate. The results show that 50% of patients with
      advanced Hodgkin's disease can be cured by chemotherapy.

PMID- 3838720
TI  - Role of myoinositol in regulation of surfactant phospholipids in the newborn.
AB  - According to animal studies myoinositol decreases surfactant phosphatidylglycerol
      and increases phosphatidylinositol. In the present study lung effluent
      phospholipids and serum myoinositol were analyzed in respiratory distress
      syndrome (RDS, 19 cases), in other lung disease (6 cases) and in 22 newborn with
      no lung disease. In addition, myoinositol was studied in amniotic fluid and in
      serum from umbilical vessels and from maternal vein (15 healthy newborn). There
      was a significant correlation between the fetal and amniotic fluid levels of
      myoinositol, but no detectable correlation between fetal and maternal
      myoinositol. Serum myoinositol was higher in preterm than in term newborns. In
      healthy newborns there was a negative correlation between lung effluent
      phosphatidylglycerol (expressed as percent of the phospholipids) and serum
      myoinositol (r = -0.968), and a positive linear correlation between myoinositol
      and lung effluent phosphatidylinositol (r = 0.849). In RDS at birth, undetectable
      phosphatidylglycerol corresponded with high serum myoinositol. During the first 5
      neonatal days serum myoinositol either (1) decreased and phosphatidylglycerol
      appeared, (2) remained high and phosphatidylglycerol correspondingly low in some
      small preterm infants, or (3) decreased but phosphatidylglycerol did not
      expectedly increase and disaturated lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio remained low in
      other small preterm babies. We propose that a premature decrease in serum
      myoinositol among small preterm infants with RDS is not beneficial, since
      myoinositol may promote hormone-induced lung maturation and healing of lung
      damage.

PMID- 3838721
TI  - Effect of ivermectin on equine blood constituents.

PMID- 3838722
TI  - Alimentary lymphosarcoma in a horse with cutaneous manifestations.

PMID- 3838723
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA coding for preproricin.
AB  - The primary structure of a precursor protein that contains the toxic (A) and
      galactose-binding (B) chains of the castor bean lectin, ricin, has been deduced
      from the nucleotide sequence of cloned DNA complementary to preproricin mRNA. A
      cDNA library was constructed using maturing castor bean endosperm poly(A)-rich
      RNA enriched for lectin precursor mRNA by size fractionation. Clones containing
      lectin mRNA sequences were isolated by hybridization using as a probe a mixture
      of synthetic oligonucleotides representing all possible sequences for a peptide
      of the ricin B chain. The entire coding sequence of preproricin was deduced from
      two overlapping cDNA clones having inserts of 1614 and 1049 base pairs. The
      coding region (1695 base pairs) consists of a 24-amino-acid N-terminal signal
      sequence (molecular mass 2836 Da) preceding the A chain 267 amino acids,
      molecular mass 29 399 Da), which is joined to the B chain (262 amino acids,
      molecular mass 28 517) by a 12-amino-acid linking region (molecular mass 1385
      Da).

PMID- 3838724
TI  - Purification and analysis of phospholipids in the inner mitochondrial membrane
      fraction of bovine corpus luteum, and properties of cytochrome P-450scc
      incorporated into vesicles prepared from these phospholipids.
AB  - Cytochrome P-450scc, which catalyses the conversion of cholesterol to
      pregnenolone in steroidogenic tissues, can be incorporated into artificial
      phospholipid vesicles and cholesterol binding to the cytochrome is affected by
      the composition of the vesicles. We have purified the phospholipids from the
      inner mitochondrial membrane fraction of the bovine corpus luteum where the
      cytochrome is located. The composition in mol % was 49% phosphatidylcholine, 34%
      phosphatidylethanolamine, 8.7% cardiolipin, 6.4% lysophosphatidylethanolamine and
      1.5% phosphatidylinositol. The ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid (mol/mol) in
      the inner membrane fraction was 0.14 to 1. The Km for cholesterol of purified
      luteal cytochrome P-450scc incorporated into vesicles prepared from the total
      inner mitochondrial membrane phospholipids was 0.063 mol of cholesterol per mol
      of phospholipid. Removal of the cardiolipin component of the inner mitochondrial
      membrane phospholipids prior to preparation of vesicles caused a four fold
      increase in the Kd of cytochrome P-450 for cholesterol and a two fold increase in
      Km. The data suggests that in the inner mitochondrial membrane of the bovine
      corpus luteum the cholesterol concentration is less than saturating for
      cytochrome P-450scc.

PMID- 3838725
TI  - Combination of metoprolol with molsidomine in the treatment of angina pectoris.
AB  - In a randomized controlled trial 31 patients, who were unsuccessfully being
      treated with metoprolol for severe angina pectoris, were also given molsidomine
      or placebo. During an exercise test, there was no difference between the groups
      in heart rate or blood pressure. There was a tendency towards a mild, significant
      improvement in exercise performance in the molsidomine-treated group, in whom
      both workload and exercise duration increased after two weeks of treatment. In
      the placebo-treated group, these parameters decreased.

PMID- 3838726
TI  - Electrophysiologic effects of AHR 10718 on isolated cardiac tissues.
AB  - We used microelectrode and blood superfusion techniques to study the
      electrophysiologic effects of a new antiarrhythmic compound, AHR 10718 (N'-(2
      (diethylamino)ethyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-N-(2-(phenylsulfonyl )ethyl)urea,(Z)
      butanedioate) on the electrophysiologic properties of canine Purkinje fibers and
      papillary muscles. AHR 10718 (greater than or equal to 5 X 10(-6) M) induced a
      use-dependent decrease in Vmax and significantly decreased Purkinje fiber
      conduction velocity and action potential duration. In addition, membrane
      responsiveness was depressed and the effective refractory period shortened. The
      effects of AHR 10718 were not highly dependent on [K+]0. Vmax of ventricular
      muscle action potentials also was reduced. However, in contrast to Purkinje
      fibers, ventricular muscle action potentials were significantly prolonged by AHR
      10718 (greater than or equal to 5 X 10(-6) M). AHR 10718 had no effect on slow
      response action potentials induced by isoproterenol and high [K+]0. AHR 10718
      significantly decreased normal automaticity, catecholamine-enhanced automaticity,
      and abnormal automaticity induced by barium or myocardial infarction. It also
      suppressed triggered activity and reduced delayed afterdepolarization amplitude
      in ouabain-treated Purkinje fibers and infarcted myocardium. These studies
      suggest that AHR 10718 may be effective against arrhythmias resulting from
      conduction disturbances and certain forms of abnormal impulse initiation.

PMID- 3838727
TI  - Hemoglobin Roseau-Pointe a Pitre alpha 2 beta 2(90) (F6) Glu----Gly: a new
      hemoglobin variant with slight instability and low oxygen affinity.
AB  - A Dominican neonate carrying a new abnormal hemoglobin, hemoglobin Roseau Pointe
      a-Pitre alpha 2 beta 2(90)(F6) Glu----Gly, was detected in Guadeloupe during
      application of a cord blood screening program. This variant behaved in
      isoelectrofocusing as an Hb D, and displayed instability and low whole blood
      oxygen affinity. In the affected family it was present, either isolated, or in
      association with a beta+ thalassemia trait.

PMID- 3838728
TI  - Seminal prolactin concentration and sperm reproductive capacity.
AB  - Prolactin (PRL) levels in the seminal plasma were determined in 63 men, all
      partners from infertile marriages. For comparison of seminal PRL concentration
      and semen quality, a sperm concentration and motility were studied in all men.
      Also, for determination of the fertilizing capacity of the semen, a zona-free
      hamster ovum penetration test was done in 49 men, while 14 men were studied by
      determination of the fertilization of human oocytes in vitro. Significantly
      higher levels of semen PRL were found in those individuals with low sperm
      concentration and motility as well as in those individuals that showed an
      abnormal hamster ovum penetration test. This suggests that high seminal PRL
      levels have a negative impact on sperm functional capacity.

PMID- 3838729
TI  - [Genetic control of riboflavin biosynthesis in Pichia guilliermondii yeasts. The
      detection of a new regulator gene RIB81].
AB  - The properties of mutants resistant to 7-methyl-8-trifluoromethyl-10-(1'-D
      ribityl)-isoalloxazine (MTRY) were studied. The mutants were isolated from a
      genetic line of Pichia guilliermondii. Several of them were riboflavin
      overproducers and had derepressed flavinogenesis enzymes (GTP cyclohydrolase, 6.7
      dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase) in iron-rich medium. An additional
      derepression of these enzymes as well as derepression of riboflavin synthase
      occurred in iron-deficient medium. The characters "riboflavin oversynthesis" and
      "derepression of enzymes" were recessive in mutants of the 1st class, or dominant
      in those of the 2nd class. The hybrids of analogue-resistant strains of the 1st
      class with previously isolated regulatory mutants ribR (novel designation rib80)
      possessed the wild-type phenotype and were only capable of riboflavin
      overproduction under iron deficiency. Complementation analysis of the MTRY
      resistant mutants showed that vitamin B2 oversynthesis and enzymes' derepression
      in these mutants are caused by impairment of a novel regulatory gene, RIB81.
      Thus, riboflavin biosynthesis in P. guilliermondii yeast is regulated at least by
      two genes of the negative action: RIB80 and RIB81. The meiotic segregants which
      contained rib80 and rib81 mutations did not show additivity in the action of the
      above regulatory genes. The hybrids of rib81 mutants with natural nonflavinogenic
      strain P. guilliermondii NF1453-1 were not capable of riboflavin oversythesis in
      the iron-rich medium. Apparently, the strain NF1453-1 contains an unaltered gene
      RIB81.

PMID- 3838730
TI  - [Antimicrobial woolen fabrics as a means of preventing and treating skin
      diseases].

PMID- 3838731
TI  - Release of glucagon-like immunoreactive material (GLI) from the isolated perfused
      jejunum of normal and diabetic rats.

PMID- 3838732
TI  - Effect of dietary calcium and phosphorus depletion on vitamin D metabolism and
      calcium binding protein in the growing pig.
AB  - Twenty-four young pigs were divided into three groups and each fed a replete, low
      calcium (Ca) or low phosphorus (P) diet. It was found that the deficient diets
      induced rises in renal 25 hydroxy-vitamin D 1,hydroxylase (1-hydroxylase)
      activity, circulating 1,25 dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1,25 (OH)2-D3) and Ca binding
      protein (CaBP) and intestinal 1,25(OH)2D3 and CaBP. All these rises were
      statistically significant in the low Ca group but only the rises in the 1
      hydroxylase activity and intestinal 1,25(OH)2D3 were significant in the low P
      group. A high degree of correlation existed between the parameters. There was no
      enhancement of intestinal 1,25(OH)2D3 or CaBP concentration relative to the 1
      hydroxylase activity in the low P pigs as occurs in the chick. The low-P-induced
      rise in 1-hydroxylase activity was independent of parathyroid hormone.

PMID- 3838735
TI  - Acceptance testing--the critical problem in software acquisition.

PMID- 3838734
TI  - A software package for design and manufacture of prosthetic sockets for
      transtibial amputees.

PMID- 3838733
TI  - Further segregation analysis of the fragile X syndrome with special reference to
      transmitting males.
AB  - A new series of 96 pedigrees with the fra(X) syndrome was analysed using complex
      segregation analysis with pointers, defining affection as any degree of mental
      impairment. These families were found to exhibit the same segregation pattern as
      the first series of 110 pedigrees (Sherman et al. 1984). The best estimate for
      penetrance of mental impairment in males was 79% and in females was 35% for the
      combined data. Again, there was little evidence for sporadic cases among affected
      males. Many more intellectually normal transmitting males have been observed
      since the existence of such males and the concomitant need to investigate the
      paternal side of pedigrees was recognized. On further investigation of all 206
      pedigrees from the old and new data sets, the sibships of nonexpressing males
      appeared to be different from those of expressing males. Our analysis, using
      mental impairment as the phenotype, suggested that obligate carrier mothers and
      daughters of intellectually normal transmitting males are rarely, if ever,
      mentally impaired and that the sibs of transmitting males are much less likely to
      be retarded than the sibs of mentally impaired males. Though mothers and
      daughters of transmitting males are similar in phenotype, the expression of the
      gene in their offspring appears to be different: the penetrance of mental
      impairment is higher in offspring of intellectually normal daughters of
      transmitting males than in offspring of intellectually normal mothers of
      transmitting males. The implications of these observations for genetic counseling
      and for genetic models of the fra(X) syndrome are discussed.

PMID- 3838736
TI  - Acute rickettsial myocarditis and advanced atrioventricular block: diagnosis and
      treatment aided by endomyocardial biopsy.
AB  - A case of acute advanced atrioventricular block in a young patient is described.
      An endomyocardial biopsy performed to confirm myocarditis showed findings
      compatible with rickettsial endomyocarditis. Treatment with tetracycline was
      therefore started and a rapid remission of the atrioventricular block was
      observed. Healing of the disease was subsequently documented by a second
      endomyocardial biopsy. The rickettsial etiology was confirmed by the results of
      serial serum titers against Proteus OX-19. Endomyocardial biopsy may be
      clinically indicated for the diagnosis of advanced atrioventricular block in
      young patients and may help in their optimal treatment.

PMID- 3838737
TI  - Plasma kinetics and effects of 5,6-dihydro-5-azacytidine in mice and L1210 tumor.
AB  - The plasma kinetics of 5,6-dihydro-5-azacytidine (DHAC) was determined in mice
      using an HPLC method following an intravenous dose of 2000 mg/kg (LD10).
      Pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from these single dose data were sufficient
      to predict steady state plasma concentrations produced by s.c. infusion of DHAC.
      Lethal toxicity (LD66) occurred at an infusion rate of 37 mg/kg/h (111mg/m2/h),
      corresponding to a plasma steady-state DHAC concentration 38 +/- 14 micrograms/ml
      when the infusion time was 96 h; no lethality occurred at infusion times of 72 h
      or less. In vitro clonogenic assays and in vivo therapeutic experiments with
      L1210 tumor indicated that increasing the exposure time at concentrations near 25
      micrograms/ml from 24 to 72 h increased the cell kill only slightly. The maximum
      log cell kill of L1210 estimated from either in vitro or in vivo data was 1.5
      logs.

PMID- 3838738
TI  - Stability of 2,5-diaziridinyl-3,6-bis(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,4-benzoquinone (BZQ;
      NSC 224070) in aqueous solutions by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The stability of the potential antitumour agent 2,5-diaziridinyl-3,6-bis(2 
      hydroxyethylamino)-1,4-benzoquinone (BZQ; NSC 224070) has been investigated by
      high-performance liquid chromatography. At 22 degrees C in 0.05M buffer, BZQ was
      most stable at pH 9 with an apparent first-order rate constant (k) of about 0.014
      h-1. There was reduced stability at pH values above and below 9.0. At a pH of 3
      and 12 the values of k were 38 and 0.3 h-1, respectively. Stability of BZQ was
      adversely affected by increased temperatures (above 0 degrees C), increased
      buffer concentration and light. Solutions of BZQ could not be frozen for any
      length of time, as the drug precipitated out in a form that would not redissolve
      (possibly a polymer). For parenteral administration to patients, it is suggested
      that BZQ would be most stable in 1.26% sodium bicarbonate solution when at room
      temperature, under normal laboratory lighting, 5% of the drug degraded (t0.95) in
      5.5 h. Increased stability is obtainable in this medium by refrigeration and
      vigorous exclusion of light. Long term (24 h) infusions of BZQ could be
      considered in hypotonic sodium bicarbonate (30 mM) with careful exclusion of
      light as long as the volume of the infusion was small, e.g. 1 ml/h. Under these
      conditions t0.95 was 42 h at 21.5 degrees C.

PMID- 3838739
TI  - Transient laryngeal nerve paralysis accompanying Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

PMID- 3838740
TI  - A program for adding and subtracting refractive powers with oblique crossed
      cylinders.
AB  - A microcomputer program that calculates the sum or the difference of two
      refractions with oblique crossed cylinders is described. The program can be used
      to calculate the total dioptric change induced in the cornea at the time of
      surgery or suture removal.

PMID- 3838742
TI  - Effect of dietary phosphorus levels on porcine renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha-
      and 24R-hydroxylase activities and plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentration.
AB  - Results of studies on the effect of dietary P deprivation on pig renal 1 alpha-
      and 24-hydroxylase activities and on concentrations of plasma alkaline
      phosphatase, Ca, P and vitamin D metabolites are presented. Renal 1 alpha
      hydroxylase activity was increased six- to eightfold and plasma 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentration increased two- to threefold in pigs fed a low P
      diet (.085% P) compared with pigs fed a control diet (.6% P). In contrast, renal
      24-hydroxylase activity and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration did not
      differ between diet groups. Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity was two to four
      times higher in pigs fed the low P diet compared with pigs fed the control diet.
      The rate of gain by pigs fed the low P diet was less than pigs fed the control
      diet. The low P diet was associated with a prolonged elevation of renal 1 alpha
      hydroxylase activity in spite of the presence of a pronounced hypercalcemia.

PMID- 3838741
TI  - Effects of white blood cells on the in vitro penetration of zona-free hamster
      eggs by human spermatozoa.
AB  - The presence of white blood cells in semen has been associated with male
      infertility. Previous studies indicate that pyospermia occurs in conjunction with
      decreases in sperm motility, number of normal sperm forms, and penetration rates
      in the zona-free hamster egg sperm penetration assay. We have evaluated the
      relationship of seminal white blood cells and sperm function, as reflected in the
      zona-free hamster egg penetration assay, and have investigated the possible mode
      of action of the white cells. Egg penetration rates decreased when white blood
      cells from fertile or potentially fertile donors were added to their sperm
      suspensions prior to preincubation and at insemination in the in vitro assay.
      Zona-free hamster egg penetration assay results were also inhibited when the
      supernatant from white blood cells incubated in Biggers, Whitten, and Whittingham
      (BWW) medium overnight were introduced to sperm-oocyte suspensions at
      insemination. Conversely, egg penetration rates were enhanced in samples from
      hypofertile individuals when white blood cell concentrations in the semen or
      WBC/sperm ratios were reduced, either by physical removal or as a result of
      antibiotic therapy. The physical presence of leukocytes, and possibly, the
      extracellular release of lysosomal enzymes may be responsible for the inhibitory
      effects in vitro. Although the mechanism(s) by which white blood cells interfere
      with the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa are not clear, it is quite obvious
      that their presence in the in vitro environment is undesirable and can mask an
      individual's actual fertilizing potential.

PMID- 3838743
TI  - Central and peripheral causes of hyperreflexia in humans breathing 5% trimix at
      650 m.
AB  - To clarify the mechanism of increased stretch reflex responsiveness in deep
      divers (hyperbaric hyperreflexia), comparative studies of stretch (T) and
      Hoffmann (H) reflexes were done on three men breathing 5% N2-0.5 bar O2-balance
      He at pressures up to 650 m of seawater (msw) (Atlantis IV simulated dive, F.G.
      Hall Laboratory, Duke Medical Center). Electromyography revealed increases at
      depth of up to 160% in the T reflex recruitment ratio (T reflex/Mmax) compared
      with surface controls. The H reflex recruitment ratio (Hmax/Mmax) did not change
      significantly. It is concluded that hyperbaric hyperreflexia is mainly due to
      increased muscle spindle sensitivity, presumably arising as a central effect on
      gamma-motoneuron activity. However, a purely peripheral effect of pressure on the
      spindle end-organ itself is not ruled out. Increases of 100-200% in muscle twitch
      peak force are reported and provide evidence that pressure can act directly on
      peripheral physiology. Postreflex clonic potentials (rebounds) during voluntary
      plantar flexion were significantly increased both in amplitude and number,
      leading to sustained clonus in one subject. In this respect, 5% N2 was less
      effective than 10% N2 of Atlantis III in controlling underdamping of the reflex
      loop. Conversely, the twitch contraction rate and clonic frequency in this study
      were only half as slowed compared with results from the earlier dive.

PMID- 3838744
TI  - Mechanisms of interaction between oxygen and granulocytes in hyperoxic lung
      injury.
AB  - Hyperoxia and infused granulocytes act synergistically in producing a
      nonhydrostatic high-permeability lung edema in the isolated perfused rabbit lung
      within 4 h, which is substantially greater than that seen with hyperoxia alone.
      We hypothesized that the interaction between hyperoxia and granulocytes was
      principally due to a direct effect of hyperoxia on the lung itself. Isolated
      perfused rabbit lungs that were preexposed to 2 h of hyperoxia (95% O2-5% CO2)
      prior to the infusion of unstimulated granulocytes (under normoxic conditions)
      developed significant nonhydrostatic lung edema (P = 0.008) within 2 h when
      compared with lungs that were preexposed to normoxia (15% O2-5% CO2) prior to
      granulocyte perfusion. The edema in the hyperoxic-preexposed lungs was
      accompanied by significant increases in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) protein, BAL
      granulocytes, BAL thromboxane and prostacyclin levels, perfusate chemotactic
      activity, and lung lipid peroxidation. These findings suggest that the
      synergistic interaction between hyperoxia and granulocytes in producing acute
      lung injury involves a primary effect of hyperoxia on the lung itself.

PMID- 3838745
TI  - Performance characteristics of methods of analysis used for regulatory purposes.
      I. Drug dosage forms. D. High pressure liquid chromatographic methods.
AB  - Precision parameters of high pressure liquid chromatographic methods approved by
      AOAC for the analysis of drug dosage forms were recalculated on a consistent
      statistical basis, using the computer program "FDACHEMIST." Eleven collaborative
      studies of 12 compounds in 66 dosage forms analyzed by an average of 9
      laboratories per study, with a total of 1150 determinations, were reviewed. For
      the approved methods and methods awaiting approval (9 studies, 11 compounds, 54
      dosage forms, and 959 determinations), the average repeatability relative
      standard deviation (within-laboratory; RSDo) was 1.0%; reproducibility relative
      standard deviation (among-laboratories, including within-; RSDx) was 2.5%; the
      ratio RSDo/RSDx was an unusually low 0.40, with an average outlier rate of 0.6%
      of the reported values. The line of best fit for RSDx plotted against - log
      concentration increases with decreasing concentration, extending approximately
      from RSDx = 2% at 100% concentration to RSDx = 3.6% at 0.01% concentration, a
      change in RSDx of about 0.4% for each 10-fold decrease in concentration,
      independent of analyte and matrix.

PMID- 3838746
TI  - Analysis of several bovine lutropin beta subunit cDNAs reveals heterogeneity in
      nucleotide sequence.
AB  - Several, independent lutropin beta subunit cDNA clones have been isolated from a
      lambda gt-11 pituitary cDNA library. The complete nucleotide sequence of four
      clones was determined. A number of single nucleotide differences were detected
      including three changes within the coding sequence. One of these nucleotide
      changes resulted in a change in the predicted amino acid sequence, while two did
      not. These changes may reflect heterogeneity in the animals from which
      pituitaries were obtained, or they may reflect errors which occurred during the
      construction or cloning of the cDNA. Two other differences in nucleotide sequence
      suggest differences in the processing of precursor mRNAs. One difference involves
      the deletion of three nucleotides from the coding sequence of one of the clones.
      This probably reflects the use of alternate splicing sites at intron-exon
      boundaries. The other likely processing difference is reflected by the fact that
      one of the clones contains a much longer 3' untranslated region than the other
      clones. This difference probably arose due to a single nucleotide difference
      leading to selection of an alternate polyadenylation site.

PMID- 3838747
TI  - Bilin attachment sites in the alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of R-phycoerythrin.
      Structural studies on singly and doubly linked phycourobilins.
AB  - Three unique bilin peptides, a beta subunit peptide bearing a doubly linked
      phycourobilin (PUB), and two gamma subunit peptides with singly linked PUB
      groups, were obtained by enzymatic degradation of Gastroclonium coulteri R
      phycoerythrin. These peptides were shown to have the sequences (Klotz, A. V., and
      Glazer, A. N. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 4856-4863): (Formula: see text) The
      sequence of peptide beta-3T was identical to that previously established for a
      doubly linked phycoerythrobilin (PEB) peptide derived from a B-phycoerythrin
      (Lundell, D. J., Glazer, A. N., DeLange, R. J., and Brown, D. M. (1984) J. Biol.
      Chem. 259, 5472-5480). Secondary ion mass spectrometry of beta-3T yielded a
      protonated molecular ion of 1629 mass units, the same as that given by the doubly
      linked PEB peptide (Schoenleber, R. W., Lundell, D. J., Glazer, A. N., and
      Rapoport, H. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 5481-5484), indicating that the doubly
      linked PUB and PEB tetrapyrroles were isomeric structures. High resolution 1H NMR
      analyses of peptides beta-3T, gamma-BV8, and gamma-DP provided unambiguous
      structural assignments for the singly and doubly linked PUB chromophores and
      indicated that the peptides in gamma-BV8 and gamma-DP were linked to ring A. The
      determination of which peptide fragment is linked to ring A and which to ring D
      in peptide beta-3T was not achieved in this study. 1H NMR analyses of three PEB
      peptides from G. coulteri R-phycoerythrin--alpha-1 Cys(PEB)-Tyr-Arg, alpha-2 Leu
      Cys(PEB)-Val-Pro-Arg, and beta-1 Met-Ala-Ala-Cys(PEB)-Leu-Arg--showed that they
      were identical to previously described corresponding chromopeptides from
      Porphyridium cruentum B-phycoerythrin, with the peptide linked to ring A of PEB
      in each instance (Schoenleber, R. W., Lundell, D. J., Glazer, A. N., and
      Rapoport, H. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 5485-5489). This is the first documented
      report on the structure of singly or doubly linked phycourobilins.

PMID- 3838748
TI  - 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D-induced modification of a cytosolic protein in
      embryonic chick intestine.
AB  - Two-dimensional electrophoresis together with radiolabeling experiments was used
      to examine cytosolic proteins of embryonic chick duodenum for responses to 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 caused a striking decrease in
      [3H]leucine content of an 18,000-dalton protein (approximate pI, 5.1) after a 10
      min pulse with radioisotope followed by a 4-h chase. Decreased [14C]leucine
      content of the same protein was also observed at various times following 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 addition to culture media; a significant decrease in
      radiolabel incorporation occurred within 30 min after addition of the hormone.
      The results argue that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 causes either a decreased
      synthesis rate or a post-translational modification of this protein. This change
      joins the biosynthesis of calcium-binding protein as an early event in the
      response of chick embryonic intestine to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.

PMID- 3838749
TI  - Translational control of the circadian rhythm of liver sterol carrier protein.
      Analysis of mRNA sequences with a specific cDNA probe.
AB  - The striking changes in amount of rat liver SCP (sterol carrier protein) during a
      24-h dark-light cycle are due to alterations in the relative synthetic rate of
      SCP. However, functional SCP mRNA, measured by a cell-free translational assay,
      does not fluctuate in the dark-light cycle. Since cell-free translational assays
      do not always reflect the actual abundance of an mRNA molecule, a specific cDNA
      hybridization assay was used to directly quantitate SCP mRNA sequences. The cDNA
      probe was selected from a rat liver library by hybridization to a mixture of
      synthetic oligonucleotides containing a portion of the sequence of SCP mRNA. The
      relative amount and size distribution of the SCP mRNA species (approximately 700
      800 nucleotides) does not change during the diurnal cycle. To explore possible
      mechanisms of this translational control, the polysomal distribution of SCP mRNA
      was compared at the maximum and minimum points of SCP synthesis. No significant
      amounts of SCP mRNA were present in nonpolysomal ribonucleoprotein particles.
      Furthermore, no alteration in the relative level of SCP mRNA associated with
      polysomes or in polysome size occurs at the maximum and minimum points of SCP
      synthesis. Thus, changes in total SCP mRNA levels or its polysomal distribution
      cannot account for the diurnal variation in SCP synthesis.

PMID- 3838750
TI  - Molecular cloning of DNA sequences complementary to rat liver glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase mRNA. Nutritional regulation of mRNA levels.
AB  - The nutritional regulation of rat liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was
      studied using a cloned DNA complementary to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      mRNA. The recombinant cDNA clones were isolated from a double-stranded cDNA
      library constructed from poly(A+) RNA immunoenriched for glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase mRNA. Immunoenrichment was accomplished by adsorption of polysomes
      with antibodies directed against glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in conjunction
      with protein A-Sepharose and oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography. Poly(A+) RNA
      encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was enriched approximately 20,000-fold
      using these procedures. Double-stranded cDNA was synthesized from the
      immunoenriched poly(A+) RNA and inserted into pBR322 using poly(dC)-poly(dG)
      tailing. Escherichia coli MC1061 was transformed, and colonies were screened for
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase cDNA sequences by differential colony
      hybridization. Plasmid DNA was purified from clones which gave positive signals,
      and the identity of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase clones was verified by
      hybrid-selected translation. A collection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      cDNA plasmids with overlapping restriction maps was obtained. Northern blot
      analysis of rat liver poly(A+) RNA using nick-translated, 32P-labeled cDNA
      inserts revealed that the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA is 2.3 kilobases
      in length. RNA blot analysis showed that refeeding fasted rats a high
      carbohydrate diet results in a 13-fold increase in the amount of hybridizable
      hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA which parallels the increase in
      enzyme activity. These results suggest that the nutritional regulation of hepatic
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase occurs at a pretranslational level.

PMID- 3838752
TI  - Pattern of steroid interaction with inducers of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
      activity in several cloned estradiol-responsive stromal cell strains from mouse
      endometrium.
AB  - Several steroid responsive stromal cell strains were isolated from normal mouse
      endometrium. Both estrogen responsive and progesterone responsive strains were
      obtained. The estrogen responsive cells were also responsive to
      diethylstilbestrol (DES). The progesterone responsive strains were inhibited by
      estrone and estriol. One of the estrogen responsive cell strains, E041, was
      cloned in the presence and absence of 17-beta-estradiol (E2). Of 14 clones
      developed in the absence of E2 and screened for responsivity of growth, six were
      significantly responsive to E2. Six of 26 clones developed in the presence of E2
      were responsive to E2. Microsomes isolated from these clones were shown to have
      aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity which was inducible with either
      benzanthracene (BA) or 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The basal
      levels of AHH activity were significantly reduced by E2 in E2 responsive clones.
      The TCDD induced levels of AHH activity in the E2 responsive and E2 non
      responsive clones were significantly reduced by E2. The BA induced levels of AHH
      were significantly increased by E2 in one of the clones. These results show that
      mouse endometrial stroma consists of a number of populations of cells with
      different specific proliferative and metabolic responses to steroids.

PMID- 3838751
TI  - Anion transporter: highly cell-type-specific expression of distinct polypeptides
      and transcripts in erythroid and nonerythroid cells.
AB  - Affinity-purified antibodies and cDNA probes specific for the chicken erythrocyte
      anion transporter (also referred to as band 3) have been used to demonstrate that
      this protein is expressed in a highly cell-type-specific manner in the avian
      kidney. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis indicates that this polypeptide is
      present in only a small subset of total kidney cells and is predominantly
      localized to the proximal convoluted tubule of this organ. Chicken erythrocytes
      synthesize and accumulate two structurally and serologically related band 3
      polypeptides. The polypeptide that accumulates in kidney membranes has an
      apparent molecular weight greater than either of its erythroid counterparts. This
      diversity is also reflected at the RNA level, as the single band 3 mRNA species
      detected during various stages of erythroid development is distinct in size from
      that found in kidney cells. Genomic DNA blot analysis suggests that both the
      erythroid and kidney band 3 RNAs arise from a single gene. Furthermore, of the
      adult tissues we have examined that are known to express ankyrin and spectrin
      polypeptides, only kidney accumulates detectable levels of the band 3 mRNA and
      polypeptide. These observations suggest that a subset of kidney cells use an
      anion transport mechanism analogous to that of erythrocytes and that band 3 is
      expressed in a noncoordinate manner with other components of the erythroid
      membrane skeleton in nonerythroid cells.

PMID- 3838753
TI  - Membrane-cytoskeleton interactions and the regulation of chemotactic peptide
      induced activation of human granulocytes: the effects of dihydrocytochalasin B.
AB  - When N-formyl chemotactic peptides bind to granulocyte receptors at 37 degrees C
      they rapidly form a high-affinity ligand-receptor complex whose coisolation with
      cytoskeletal residues of Triton X-100-extracted cells is under cellular control
      [Jesaitis et al: J Cell Biol 98:1378, 1984]. Experiments were performed to
      investigate the significance of this coisolation. When the granulocytes were
      preincubated with dihydrocytochalasin B (dhCB) for 10 min at 37 degrees C and
      then stimulated with 50 nM N-formyl-Met-Leu-[3H]Phe, the rate of uptake of the
      radioligand by the cells was inhibited. Colocalization of the retained peptide
      with the Triton X-100 fraction of these cells was also reduced relative to this
      fraction of the untreated cells. This inhibition was apparent before the onset of
      FMLP endocytosis. The inhibition was 50% effective at 0.25 microgram dhCB/ml.
      Maximal inhibition (80-90%) occurred at doses of dhCB greater than 1
      microgram/ml. The 90% retention of two plasma membrane markers by the
      cytoskeleton was marginally affected. These results support the hypothesis that
      coisolation of the high-affinity receptor-peptide complexes with granulocyte
      cytoskeletons occurs because of specific association of the complexes with the
      cytoskeleton at the cell surface. In addition, since these events precede
      internalization, they suggest that formation of the association between the
      ligand-receptor complex and cytoskeleton may be necessary for ligand-receptor
      endocytosis. Experiments were also performed to evaluate other functional
      consequences of cytoskeletal disruption on chemotactic peptide-stimulated
      functions. f-Met-Leu-Phe stimulation of O2- production was potentiated due to a
      prolongation of and an increase in the rate of O2- production. This potentiation
      had the same dose dependency as the inhibition of receptor modulation. The
      possible relationship of these various functions is discussed.

PMID- 3838754
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the photodegradation products
      of phosmethylan.

PMID- 3838755
TI  - 63Ni electron-capture gas chromatographic assay for buprenorphine and metabolites
      in human urine and feces.
AB  - A 63Ni electron-capture gas chromatographic assay is described for buprenorphine,
      a potent narcotic agonist--antagonist. In addition, the assay is useful for the
      measurement of the metabolite norbuprenorphine and demethoxybuprenorphine, a
      rearrangement product resulting when buprenorphine is exposed to acid and heat.
      An extraction procedure was developed which optimized recovery of buprenorphine
      from biological samples and produced minimal background interferences and
      emulsion problems. Extract residues were derivatized with pentafluoropropionic
      anhydride and assayed by gas chromatography. Samples were analyzed with and
      without enzyme hydrolysis, thus providing a selective and sensitive assay for
      both free and conjugated buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine and
      demethoxybuprenorphine. The lower limits of detection following extraction of a 1
      ml sample were ca. 10 ng/ml for buprenorphine and demethoxybuprenorphine and 5
      ng/ml for norbuprenorphine. Application of the assay to human samples following a
      40-mg oral dose of buprenorphine produced no evidence for the presence of
      demethoxybuprenorphine in urine or feces. Norbuprenorphine (free and conjugated)
      was present in urinary and fecal samples; buprenorphine (free and conjugated) was
      found in high amounts only in feces and in trace amounts in urine as conjugated
      buprenorphine. The urinary and fecal excretion pattern observed for a human
      subject following oral dosing of buprenorphine suggests enterohepatic circulation
      of buprenorphine.

PMID- 3838756
TI  - Assay methodology for quantification of the ester and ether glucuronide
      conjugates of diflunisal in human urine.
AB  - Diflunisal is a salicylate derivative with analgesic and anti-inflammatory
      properties. It is excreted in the urine as an ether glucuronide, a 1-O-acyl
      glucuronide and as unchanged drug. The 1-O-acyl glucuronide rearranges to
      isomeric esters of glucuronic acid under neutral to alkaline pH conditions. The
      development of a urine assay for the conjugates enables the elucidation of
      diflunisal non-linear pharmacokinetics. The assay quantitates the ether and ester
      glucuronides and free diflunisal in urine at 0.5-1.0 micrograms/ml. Analysis of
      the glucuronides does not require authentic standards.

PMID- 3838757
TI  - Catheter-associated fungemia caused by Fusarium chlamydosporum in a patient with
      lymphocytic lymphoma.
AB  - A case of catheter-associated fungemia caused by Fusarium chlamydosporum is
      described in a patient with lymphocytic lymphoma. The fungus, which has been
      isolated from soil but not reported to cause human infection, characteristically
      produces microconidiophores that are polyphialides bearing microconidia that are
      spindle-shaped but never globose. Results of in vitro antimicrobial
      susceptibility tests depended on the test conditions used.

PMID- 3838758
TI  - Sensory nerve endings of the incisive papilla of rat hard palate studied by
      peroxidase cytochemical methods.
AB  - This study utilized peroxidase cytochemical methods to survey and analyze the
      distribution, morphology, and functional relationship of the various components
      of sensory nerve endings in a focal region of the anterior hard palate (incisive
      papilla) of the rat. The studies included an anatomical survey of this relatively
      unknown oral structure, confirmation of the trigeminal origin (labeled by
      retrograde axonal transport of WGA-HRP injected into the incisive papilla) of the
      sensory nerve endings, and a complete analysis of the distribution of these nerve
      endings (labeled by anterograde axonal transport of HRP or WGA-HRP injected into
      the trigeminal ganglion). Three methods of fixation and two methods of
      cytochemical reaction were used for selection of an optimal technique for these
      studies. The results showed distinct patterns of peroxidase-labeled sensory nerve
      endings at three regions of the incisive papilla: a) dome region (ventral), where
      labeled nerve endings formed three parallel channels in association with three
      surface ridges; b) chemosensory corpuscle enriched region (medial to incisive
      canal), where 82% of the 30-40 chemosensory corpuscles were labeled; and c)
      lateral labium (lateral to incisive canal), where labeled nerve endings formed a
      circumscribed network guarding the orifice of incisive canal. The discrete
      organization of multiple sensory nerve endings in the incisive papilla of the rat
      may provide an easily accessible model system for various studies in sensory
      physiology.

PMID- 3838759
TI  - Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the skin occurring in a lymphomatous lymph
      node.
AB  - The incidence of metastasizing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is highly
      variable depending on the series analyzed. A man with an aggressive squamous cell
      carcinoma had subsequent metastasis to a lymphomatous lymph node, an apparently
      unique event.

PMID- 3838760
TI  - Postoperative intravenous dexamethasone administration: a preliminary
      investigation.
AB  - A retrospective review was performed on 27 patients undergoing foot surgery. All
      patients were administered 8 mg. of dexamethasone sodium phosphate intravenously
      immediately after surgery. Although these patients continued to require
      postoperative narcotics, the amount of parenteral narcotics required was minimal.
      The use of systemic corticosteroids does not produce as dramatic relief of
      postoperative pain as does local administration. However, the potential
      complications, including infection, are lessened with systemic use.

PMID- 3838761
TI  - Studies on the cell surface of zoospores and cysts of the fungus Phytophthora
      cinnamomi: nature of the surface saccharides as determined by quantitative lectin
      binding studies.
AB  - The nature of the surface saccharides of zoospores, "partially encysted
      zoospores" and cysts of the root-rotting fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi, has been
      examined by quantitative lectin binding studies. Zoospores bound concanavalin A
      (Con A), but did not bind any of a variety of other lectins tested. In contrast,
      both cysts and "partially encysted zoospores" bound soybean agglutinin (SBA) as
      well as Con A. This indicates that accessible alpha-D-glucosyl/alpha-D-mannosyl
      containing glycoconjugates predominate at the zoospore surface, whereas both
      alpha-D-glucosyl/alpha-D-mannosyl and galactosyl and/or N-acetyl-D
      galactosaminosyl residues are accessible at the surface of cysts and "partially
      encysted zoospores." Neither Ulex europeus lectin nor wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)
      bound to any of the three cell preparations, indicating the absence of accessible
      alpha-L-fucosyl and N-acetyl-D-glucosaminosyl residues.

PMID- 3838762
TI  - A preliminary study on rabbit tubal anastomosis with the Nd-YAG laser.
AB  - This is the first report on the use of the Nd-YAG laser in performing tubal end
      to end anastomosis in rabbit. At first, the optimal intensity of laser exposure
      was evaluated using histological preparations of tubal ampullary tissues which
      were exposed in various conditions. It was determined that the most suitable
      condition was 12 watts/cm2 of energy density of 0.2 second duration and a 0.6mm
      focal spot. Subsequently, these treatment conditions were applied practically to
      end end anastomosis of severed tubal ampulla of three rabbits. Four weeks later,
      the second laparotomy was done to confirm the restoration of tubal patency by
      chromopertubation in vivo, and to excise the restored tube to study the
      reconstruction of luminal epithelium histologically by scanning electron
      microscope. Proven by chromopertubation in vivo, tubal patency was restored in 4
      out of 6 tubal samples, but in two, tubes were dehisced at the anastomosed line.
      By scanning electron microscopic observation of tubal samples in which patency
      was restored some injury to mucosal epithelial cells was seen at the anastomosed
      site. It is concluded that the Nd-YAG laser technique is useful in tubal end to
      end anastomosis of rabbit and accurate placement of tubal stumps is essential to
      the proper restoration of tubal patency.

PMID- 3838763
TI  - PTI: parent teacher interfacing.

PMID- 3838764
TI  - Are D.O.s real doctors?

PMID- 3838765
TI  - The influence of vitamin D metabolites on collagen synthesis by chick cartilage
      in organ culture.
AB  - When growth cartilage from rachitic chicks was cultured in the presence of the
      calcium-regulating hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3), collagen
      resorption was increased and collagen synthesis decreased compared to control
      cultures containing no hormone. The minimum concentration of the hormone that
      caused a statistically significant inhibition of collagen synthesis was 10(-8)
      mol/l. Collagen synthesis by growth cartilage from normal chicks was also reduced
      by 1,25-(OH)2D3, showing that it was not an abnormal response of vitamin D
      depleted tissue. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 also
      inhibited collagen synthesis by cultures of growth cartilage but only at higher
      metabolite concentrations. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (10(-7) mol/l) did not
      significantly inhibit collagen synthesis by cultures of articular fibrocartilage
      and of sternal cartilage, tissues that do not calcify physiologically. The
      minimum concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (10(-9) mol/l) necessary to cause decreased
      collagen synthesis by embryonic chick calvaria was lower than the value obtained
      with growth cartilage; this suggests that bone cells may be more sensitive to the
      hormone in this respect than are growth cartilage chondrocytes. These findings
      provide evidence of a direct role of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the control of endochondral
      bone formation which is consistent with its primary role in the maintenance of
      plasma calcium homeostasis.

PMID- 3838766
TI  - Effects of low phosphorus and low calcium diets on the production and metabolic
      clearance rates of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in pigs.
AB  - Severe dietary calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) deficiency leads to a similar
      degree of stimulation of plasma and intestinal 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
      (calcitriol) levels and intestinal Ca absorption. In contrast, P depletion causes
      a much smaller increase in the renal 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase
      enzyme activity than does Ca depletion. To test the hypothesis that a reduced
      metabolic clearance rate (MCR) during P depletion might, in part, account for the
      observed increase in calcitriol levels, we have developed a simple primed
      infusion technique to determine the MCR and production rate (PR) of calcitriol,
      in vivo, in pigs fed low Ca and low P diets. The MCR of calcitriol was unchanged
      (0.92 ml/min per kg metabolic body size (MBS)) when low P diets were fed, but
      showed a significant 15% increase (1.06 ml/min per kg MBS) during the feeding of
      low Ca diets. The PR of calcitriol increased by 2.3-fold when low P diets were
      fed and by fourfold during Ca depletion. Thus the increase in plasma calcitriol
      levels during P depletion of pigs is caused by an increase in production rather
      than a decrease in clearance. In contrast, Ca depletion is associated with a
      slightly higher PR than indicated by measurement of plasma calcitriol levels
      because of the increased MCR.

PMID- 3838767
TI  - Inhibition of bone marrow colony formation by human natural killer cells and by
      natural killer cell-derived colony-inhibiting activity.
AB  - Incubation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with bone marrow cells resulted
      in significant inhibition of colony formation by committed myeloid and erythroid
      cells. Using positively selected homogeneous natural killer (NK) cell
      preparations and lymphocyte subpopulations depleted of or enriched for NK cells,
      we definitively characterize as NK cells the cells in normal peripheral blood
      that are responsible for inhibition of bone marrow colony growth. The inhibitory
      effect of NK cells on hematopoiesis can be mediated by a soluble factor that is
      produced only by NK cells upon culture with HLA-DR+ hematopoietic cells and with
      NK-sensitive cell lines. Both NK cells and the NK-produced, colony-inhibiting
      activity (NK-CIA) are suppressive for allogeneic and autologous bone marrow CFU
      GEMM (colony-forming units, granulocyte, erythroid, monocyte, megakaryocyte), CFU
      E (CFU, erythroid), and early CFU-GM (CFU, granulocyte, monocyte), but not for
      either BFU-E (burst-forming units, erythroid) or late CFU-GM. [3H]Thymidine
      incorporation was inhibited by NK-CIA-containing supernatants in HLA-DR+ but not
      HLA-DR- bone marrow cell populations stimulated to proliferative by colony
      stimulating factor (CSF). These data suggest that the NK cell-mediated inhibitory
      effect on proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells is
      mediated in part or completely by the secreted NK-CIA. The concentration of NK
      CIA reached in the supernatant of the mixture of NK cell-containing lymphocyte
      populations with bone marrow cells is sufficient to account for the inhibitory
      effect mediated by NK cells. Our data support the hypothesis that human NK cells
      play a major role in the control of hematopoiesis, down-regulating it under
      conditions in which the NK cells are functionally activated.

PMID- 3838768
TI  - Evaluation of the efficacy of intrathecal nimodipine in canine models of chronic
      cerebral vasospasm.
AB  - Previous studies have examined whether calcium antagonists given sublingually,
      intravenously, or orally affect an experimentally induced vasospasm. This study
      was designed primarily to determine the efficacy of nimodipine given
      intracisternally in reversing the cerebral vasospasm produced in dogs by the
      injection of 4 ml of autogenous blood into the cisterna magna. The magnitude of
      the vasospasm and the vascular response to nimodipine were determined
      arteriographically. One group of animals was studied acutely to determine the
      dose and pharmacodynamic effects of intrathecal nimodipine, a second group was
      studied 1 to 4 days after the intrathecal injection of blood, and a third group
      was studied 3 to 6 days after successive injections of cisternal blood given 48
      hours apart. Some animals were studied further 24 hours after the nimodipine
      treatment. Intrathecal administration of 4 ml of 10(-3) M nimodipine promptly and
      completely reversed the cerebral vasospasm in all groups. This effect lasted at
      least 4 hours but had disappeared by 24 hours. The intrathecal administration of
      nimodipine produced a transient drop in blood pressure. In contrast, nimodipine
      given sublingually (0.28 to 0.58 mg/kg) or intravenously (0.1 mg/kg) produced a
      persistent hypotensive effect without affecting the vasospasm. The results show
      that the presence of nimodipine in the cerebrospinal fluid will reverse the blood
      induced vasospasm, and suggest that this calcium antagonist administered
      intrathecally would be an effective emergency treatment of cerebral arterial
      spasm.

PMID- 3838769
TI  - Primary lymphosarcoma of the lung.

PMID- 3838770
TI  - Properties of the zona pellucida of cytochalasin B-induced triploid mouse eggs.
AB  - The hardening of the zona pellucida as a result of the cortical reaction was
      estimated in triploid oocytes produced with cytochalasin B by two different
      procedures. Triploid oocytes resulting from fertilization in the presence of
      cytochalasin B did not reveal hardening of the zona pellucida unlike triploids
      obtained by inhibiting in-vitro extrusion of the second polar body in oocytes
      fertilized in vivo.

PMID- 3838771
TI  - Effects of proteinase inhibitors on preimplantation embryos in the rat.
AB  - Proteinase inhibitors of microbial origin were injected into the uterine horns of
      mated rats at 14:00 h on Day 5 of pregnancy (spermatozoa in vaginal smear = Day
      1), and 5 or 6 h later the embryos were flushed from the horns and examined.
      Chymostatin and alpha-MAPI, inhibitors of chymotrypsin-like serine proteinase and
      thiol proteinases, as well as thiolstatin, an inhibitor of thiol proteinases,
      significantly inhibited embryo growth. The inhibitory activity of alpha-MAPI on
      embryonic growth was distinctly greater than that of thiolstatin, although the
      ID50 values of the two inhibitors to papain are similar. Antipain and leupeptin
      which are inhibitors of trypsin-like and thiol proteinases, and talopeptin, an
      inhibitor of metal proteinases, significantly interrupted the removal of the zona
      pellucida from expanding blastocysts. These results suggest that (1) a
      chymotrypsin-like proteinase seems to be important to the growth of the embryo,
      (2) a thiol proteinase may participate in embryonic growth, and (3) a trypsin
      like proteinase and a metal proteinase are likely to participate in zonalysis.

PMID- 3838772
TI  - Ocular manifestations of Graves' disease.

PMID- 3838774
TI  - [A example of the operation of laboratory system by BASIC programming].

PMID- 3838773
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in sheep following intravenous, intra-abomasal or
      intraruminal administration.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in plasma following intravenous, intra
      abomasal, and intraruminal administration to sheep was determined. When given
      intravenously, ivermectin was very slowly eliminated with a terminal half-life of
      178 h and a volume of distribution at steady state of 5.3 l/kg indicating
      sequestration in a temporary depot. Intra-abomasal administration resulted in
      rapid absorption, a peak plasma concentration of 60.6 ng/ml at 4.4 h, and 100%
      bioavailability. However, intraruminal administration produced a much lower peak
      concentration (17.6 ng/ml at 23.5 h) and bioavailability (25.1%). A subsequent in
      vitro study indicated that ivermectin may be rapidly metabolized in the rumen.

PMID- 3838775
TI  - The cochlear implant.

PMID- 3838776
TI  - [Severe hereditary protein C deficiency in a newborn infant with fulminant
      purpura--successful treatment with phenprocoumon].
AB  - A newborn baby was born with scrotal hematoma and a diagnosis of testicular
      torsion was made. This diagnosis proved false, when the hematoma was resorbed
      after a few days and other hematomas developed instead (abdomen, elbow, foot,
      scalp). A total of nine hemorrhagic episodes were observed, most of them
      occurring on the scalp. All lesions were sharply delineated, started with red to
      purple discoloration and then turned to bluish-black indicating gangrene.
      Histology revealed extensive bleeding into the corium, fibrin thrombi within the
      capillaries, and complement and IgG in the small arterial walls. Each bleeding
      was associated with hypofibrinogenemia and thrombocytopenia. A diagnosis of
      hereditary protein C deficiency was made. Blood levels were consistent with
      heterozygosity of both the parents and homozygosity of the child. Bleedings were
      controlled by Cohn fraction I and heparin. It was impossible, however, to prevent
      further hemorrhage by continuous i.v. heparin. In addition aprotinin, epsilon
      aminocaproic acid, AT III, and prednisone were ineffective. Continuous remission
      finally could be sustained with oral phenprocoumon.

PMID- 3838778
TI  - [Liposome phospholipid substitution and lung function in surfactant deprived
      rats].
AB  - In vivo activity of an artificial surfactant was studied in surfactant depleted
      rats. After tenfold alveolar lavage, PaO2, tidal volume, and compliance of the
      respiratory system fell to one third of initial value. Substitution of large
      unilamellar vesicles containing 90% Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and 10%
      unsaturated phosphatidylglycerol largely restored oxygenation and lung mechanics
      in most animals. Complete normalization with weaning from the ventilator,
      however, was achieved neither with liposomes nor with natural surfactant
      concentrate.

PMID- 3838777
TI  - [Immunologic aspects of transitory neonatal hyperthyroidism].
AB  - The pathogenesis of neonatal transient hyperthyroidism has not been fully
      established, but the placental transfer of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins
      such as thyroid stimulating antibodies is considered the main cause. Clinical
      signs usually subside with the disappearance of thyroid-stimulating IgG in the
      serum of the neonate. We report the clinical course of a neonatal transient
      hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 3838779
TI  - Continuous epidural narcotic analgesia for intractable pain due to malignancy.
AB  - Eighty consecutive cancer patients with severe pain, uncontrolled by conventional
      narcotic analgesics, received a 2-mg test dose of morphine epidurally. Thirty
      four of them had significant pain relief and were thus selected to receive
      continuous treatment. This consisted of 2-6 mg of morphine administered every 8
      24 hours through an indwelling epidural catheter. The duration of treatment was
      from 1 to 28 weeks with a median of 4 weeks. Twenty-five (76%) of the patients
      experienced complete relief of pain, while nine had only a partial analgesic
      response. Complications were minimal. No sepsis, hypotension, or respiratory
      depression occurred. It is recommended that cancer patients with intractable pain
      will be selected for continuous epidural analgesia by evaluating their response
      to a test dose of epidural morphine.

PMID- 3838780
TI  - A simple algorithm for solving the cable equation in dendritic trees of arbitrary
      geometry.
AB  - We present an efficient algorithm for solving the one-dimensional cable equation
      in the Laplace (frequency) domain for an arbitrary linear membrane. This method,
      a reformulation and extension of the geometrical calculus developed by Butz and
      Cowan (1974), solves for the transfer impedance between any two points in a
      branched cable structure of arbitrary geometry (but without loops) by the
      repetitive application of four simple equations. Such an algorithm is used to
      analyze the electrical behaviour of nerve cells with highly branched dendritic
      trees. The algorithm can be implemented using a language such as C, PASCAL or
      LISP and runs on small machines.

PMID- 3838781
TI  - Software for electrophysiological experiments with a personal computer.
AB  - These programs were written for the IBM personal computer equipped with a Tecmar
      Labmaster analog interface board. The software operates under the MS-DOS
      operating system; it is written in compiled BASIC and employs short machine
      language subroutines for crucial functions. Details are presented on the analog
      interface routines which make special use of the 9513 counter/timer chip on the
      Labmaster. Time resolution is about 32 microseconds per sample on the PC and 15
      microseconds on the PC/AT. One series of programs performs traditional voltage-
      and current-clamp experiments on macroscopic currents in whole cells. A second
      series interfaces with a hardware window discriminator to capture single-channel
      events in a recirculating buffer; a stimulus can be triggered to fire during an
      open channel. Off-line programs perform standard analyses, and further processing
      can be performed with standard spreadsheet programs.

PMID- 3838782
TI  - [Arthroscopy of the knee. Evaluation of 80 cases].

PMID- 3838783
TI  - [Safeguarding the meniscus].

PMID- 3838784
TI  - [Molsidomin in stable stress angina].

PMID- 3838785
TI  - Neurologic complications of infective endocarditis.
AB  - Neurologic complications continue to occur in approximately 30 per cent of all
      patients with infective endocarditis and represent a major factor associated with
      an increased mortality rate in that disease. Of these complications, cerebral
      embolism is the most common and the most important, occurring in as many as 30
      per cent of all patients, most of whom ultimately die. Emboli that are infected
      also account for all the other complications (mycotic aneurysm, meningitis or
      meningoencephalitis, brain abscess) that may develop. Emboli are more common in
      patients with mitral valve infection and in those infected with more virulent
      organisms. Mycotic aneurysms (often preceded by an embolic event) occur more
      frequently and earlier in the course of acute endocarditis, rather than later,
      which is more common in the course of subacute disease. The management of a
      cerebral mycotic aneurysm depends on the presence or absence of hemorrhage, its
      anatomic location and the clinical course. Healing can occur during the course of
      effective antimicrobial therapy and thus will preclude the need for automatic
      surgery in all angiographically demonstrated aneurysms. The indication for
      surgical intervention must be evaluated on an individual basis. Meningitis is
      usually purulent when associated with virulent organisms, but the CSF may present
      an aseptic formula when associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage or multiple
      microscopic embolic lesions, infected or otherwise. Macroscopic brain abscesses
      are rare, but multiple microscopic abscesses are not uncommon in patients with
      acute endocarditis due to virulent organisms. Seizures are not uncommon in
      patients with infective endocarditis. Focal seizures are more commonly associated
      with acute emboli, whereas generalized seizures are more commonly associated with
      systemic metabolic factors. Penicillin neurotoxicity should be considered in
      seizure patients with compromised renal function who are receiving high doses of
      penicillin. The CSF tends to reflect the nature of the infecting organism rather
      than the nature of the neurologic complication, except when hemorrhage is
      present. Endocarditis due to virulent organisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus,
      is usually associated with a purulent CSF formula, whereas non-virulent
      organisms, such as "viridans" streptococci, usually have aseptic or normal CSF
      formulas.

PMID- 3838786
TI  - Beneficial actions of two novel calcium entry blockers in the isolated perfused
      hypoxic cat liver.
AB  - The effects of two new calcium entry blockers, anipamil and ronipamil, were
      studied during 150 min of normoxic or hypoxic perfusion in isolated perfused cat
      livers. Hypoxic livers in which the vehicle for these inhibitors (i.e., ethanol)
      was injected intravenously prior to isolation of the liver, exhibited
      significantly higher increases in perfusion pressure, perfusate lactate
      dehydrogenase and cathepsin D activities, compared to control normoxic perfused
      livers. In contrast, the livers isolated from cats pretreated with calcium entry
      blocker anipamil and subsequently perfused under hypoxic conditions showed no
      significant difference in any of these variables from the control normoxic
      perfused livers. Ronipamil given intravenously 30 minutes prior to isolation also
      significantly protected the liver during hypoxia. The protection afforded by
      anipamil and ronipamil appears to be related to their inhibition of Ca++ influx
      which has been linked to cell death in hepatocytes.

PMID- 3838787
TI  - Treatment of benign, semimalignant, and malignant skin tumors with the Nd:YAG
      laser.
AB  - Reported are first experiences with Nd:YAG laser treatment of benign,
      semimalignant, and malignant skin tumors in 90 patients. Treated lesions included
      condylomata acuminata, basal cell carcinomas, solar keratosis, squamous cell
      carcinomas, and secondary malignant skin tumors. First clinical and histological
      results are promising, but long-term follow-up is required to judge the definite
      efficacy of this therapeutical modality.

PMID- 3838788
TI  - The use of the Nd:YAG laser in urology.
AB  - The use of the neodymium:YAG(Nd:YAG) laser in urology in still in its infancy. To
      date, the most widely published application of this laser is in the treatment of
      bladder carcinoma. We have utilized the Nd:YAG laser in 23 treatments for
      superficial bladder tumors. The laser has both advantages and shortcomings, which
      are thoroughly addressed. In our hands the laser has been a safe instrument for
      the treatment of these lesions, although we do not recommend its use for tumors
      greater than 3 cm. We have treated two patients with invasive disease one week
      prior to planned cystectomy. In one case, no residual tumor was found at
      cystectomy, while the second patient had viable tumor only in an untreated area.
      Two patients were successfully treated with the laser for intractable bladder
      bleeding, one each with primary and secondary bladder tumor. Seven patients with
      condylomata acuminata were treated with laser therapy. All had excellent results
      without complication. One patient with urethral bleeding secondary to trauma was
      treated without success, while one patient with a urethral hemangioma was well
      treated with the Nd:YAG laser. Thus the Nd:YAG laser would appear to have a place
      in the urologic armamentarium, but whether it is cost-effective for widespread
      use remains to be seen.

PMID- 3838789
TI  - Temperature rise in biological tissue during Nd:YAG laser irradiation.
AB  - Few data are available about temperature distribution in tissue during Nd:YAG
      laser irradiation. To study the heat distribution that produces tissue
      coagulation, we used a thermographic camera aimed orthogonally to the laser beam
      axis to obtain thermal maps. Immediately after surgical resection, specimens of
      human stomach were irradiated near the resected edge, and the heat emitted
      sideways was detected by an infrared image system. A magnifying lens mounted on
      the camera enabled us to obtain 0.1 mm spatial resolution of the isothermic
      curves. The thermal analysis showed that the maximum depth where the increase in
      temperature reached 25 degrees C (corresponding to a coagulation temperature of
      about 60 degrees C) was never greater than 3 mm, irrespective of the power and
      exposure time used. Moreover, the bidimensional thermal maps showed that the
      temperature did not decrease in a purely exponential fashion along the beam axis,
      but reached a maximum at about 1 mm beneath the surface. This fact, which
      confirms the decrepitation theorem, could explain the explosion inside the
      tissues observed in surgical application of the Nd:YAG laser.

PMID- 3838791
TI  - Measurement of mRNA concentration and mRNA half-life as a function of hormonal
      treatment.

PMID- 3838790
TI  - Intestinal epithelial cells and musculature contain different muscarinic binding
      sites.
AB  - Muscarinic receptors on epithelial cells mediate intestinal secretion, while
      those in intestinal smooth muscle mediate motility. Experiments were carried out
      to determine whether the muscarinic receptors mediating each of these two
      functions in intestinal tissue might be associated with differences in the way
      agonist and antagonist drugs interact with the receptors. The inhibition constant
      (Kj) values for atropine, pirenzepine, and oxotremorine competition of
      specifically bound (3H)QNB were determined using membrane preparations from the
      muscular coat and from epithelial cells of rat jejunum, ileum, and colon. The Kj
      values of atropine were similar (1.2-10 nM) when comparing muscle layers and
      epithelial cells from any intestinal region. In contrast, the Kj values for
      pirenzepine were significantly higher in membranes from the musculature (400
      1,200 nM) than in any of the epithelial cell membranes (20-100 nM). Kj values for
      pirenzepine in gut muscle were similar to those in heart (300 nM), whereas the Kj
      values in the cerebral cortex (39 nM) and the epithelial cell membranes closely
      approximated one another. The Kj values for oxotremorine competition of QNB
      binding in all intestinal muscular tissues (29-48 nM) and in heart (16 nM) were
      less than those of the intestinal epithelial cells (100-1,300 nM) or cerebral
      cortex (71 nM). Thus, pirenzepine and oxotremorine binding studies show that the
      nature of interactions between these agents and muscarinic sites is different
      when comparing epithelial cells and musculature of the gut.

PMID- 3838792
TI  - Simultaneous presentation of relapsing Hodgkin's disease and treatment-related
      non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
AB  - A 55-year-old white man was diagnosed in 1975 with Hodgkin's disease stage IIA,
      mixed cellularity. He was treated with 4,500 rads to an inverted-Y field followed
      by six cycles of MOPP and remained in complete remission. In 1983 a right
      axillary lymph node biopsy showed recurrent Hodgkin's disease, mixed cellularity.
      While receiving his initial chemotherapy he developed persistent epigastric
      distress. Endoscopic gastric biopsy demonstrated a diffuse large-cell non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma. Surface marker studies confirmed the separate identity of
      these two malignant lymphoproliferative processes. This represents the first
      reported simultaneous occurrence of relapsing Hodgkin's disease with treatment
      related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PMID- 3838793
TI  - Organ distribution of aluminium in uremic rats: influence of parathyroid hormone
      and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
AB  - Investigations were performed in order to see whether or not the application of
      parathyroid hormone or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or both might influence the
      organ distribution of orally and parentally administered aluminium in control and
      uremic rats. The data show that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, affects the organ
      uptake in a different way than parathyroid hormone. Whereas parathyroid hormone
      increased the aluminium concentration in the liver, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
      enhanced the aluminium uptake in the heart and the muscle, on the other hand,
      simultaneous application of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone
      decreased the aluminium content of the bone, liver and brain.

PMID- 3838795
TI  - Noumea, New Caledonia during WW II.

PMID- 3838794
TI  - Parathyroid function and vitamin D status in patients with bone metastases of
      prostatic origin.
AB  - The biochemical parameters of calcium metabolism were measured in patients
      suffering from bone metastases of prostatic origin. In 14 patients with sclerotic
      bone lesions, serum calcium and serum phosphorus were significantly lower than in
      controls. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels, which reflect osteoclastic bone
      formation, and urinary hydroxyproline, which reflects osteoclastic bone
      resorption, were both increased. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels were
      appropriate for the age of the patients but serum immunoreactive parathyroid
      hormone (iPTH) and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) levels were
      significantly increased. In contrast, no significant changes wee noted in 3
      patients with pure osteolytic lesions. We conclude that the patients with
      sclerotic bone metastases have a high bone formation which frequently induces a
      secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased 1,25-(OH) 2D levels. A calcium and/or
      vitamin D supplement could therefore be advantageous in patients having
      symptomatic hypocalcemia or osteomalacia.

PMID- 3838796
TI  - Sterols accelerate degradation of hamster 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A
      reductase encoded by a constitutively expressed cDNA.
AB  - A recombinant plasmid containing a full-length cDNA for hamster 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase was introduced by calcium phosphate-mediated
      transfection into UT-2 cells, a mutant line of Chinese hamster ovary cells that
      lack 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and thus require
      low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and mevalonate for growth. We selected a line
      of permanently transfected cells, designated TR-36 cells, that expressed high
      levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and thus grew
      in the absence of low density lipoprotein and mevalonate. Constitutive synthesis
      of reductase mRNA in TR-36 cells was driven by the simian virus 40 early
      promoter, and therefore the mRNA was not suppressed by sterols, such as 25
      hydroxycholesterol or cholesterol derived from low density lipoprotein, which
      normally suppresses transcription of reductase mRNA when the reductase gene is
      driven by its own promoter. Although TR-36 cells continued to synthesize large
      amounts of reductase mRNA and protein in the presence of sterols, reductase
      activity declined by 50 to 60%. This decline was caused by a twofold increase in
      the rate of degradation of preformed enzyme molecules. The current data
      demonstrate that sterols accelerate the degradation of reductase protein
      independently of any inhibitory effect on the synthesis of the protein.

PMID- 3838798
TI  - Conservation of structure detected in two trypanosome surface glycoproteins by
      amino acid sequence alignment.
AB  - The predominant molecule exposed to antibody on the surface of Trypanosoma brucei
      is a glycoprotein of about 60 000 molecular weight which varies in amino acid
      sequence. The complete sequences of two such variable surface glycoproteins
      (VSGs) from randomly isolated, different antigenic types of trypanosomes were
      compared by amino acid sequence alignment. Homologous sequences were found
      distributed over various regions of the VSGs. Particularly good homology was
      observed between residues 16-34, 91-115, 177-194 and 254-345 from the N-terminus,
      in addition to the known conserved region close to the C-terminus. Homology was
      also demonstrated in the corresponding regions of the cDNA sequences by matrix
      analysis.

PMID- 3838797
TI  - Transient expression of human adenosine deaminase cDNAs: identification of a
      nonfunctional clone resulting from a single amino acid substitution.
AB  - Human adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an important purine catabolic enzyme which
      irreversibly deaminates adenosine and deoxyadenosine. Severe genetic deficiency
      of ADA leads to an immunological deficiency state in which T-lymphoid cells are
      selectively destroyed by the accumulation of toxic levels of deoxyadenosine and
      deoxy-ATP. In preparation for transfer of ADA sequences into a variety of cell
      types, we explored expression of ADA cDNAs transfected into cultured cells within
      a simian virus 40-based expression vector. After transfection into monkey kidney
      (COS) cells, ADA cDNA encompassing the entire coding region of the protein
      generated human ADA activity. An unexpected finding, however, was the
      identification of a cDNA clone that failed to produce either human enzyme
      activity or immunoreactive ADA protein. As this pattern is typical of many
      naturally occurring mutant ADA alleles, we characterized the molecular defect in
      this clone. DNA sequence analysis revealed a single nucleotide substitution in
      amino acid position 50 (glycine-valine). Northern blotting with a unique 17-mer
      oligonucleotide demonstrated the absence of the mutant sequence in the mRNA from
      which the cDNA library giving rise to the mutant cDNA was constructed. Therefore,
      the substitution in the variant cDNA was created during cloning. These data
      define one critical region of the human ADA protein molecule and suggest a
      convenient strategy for characterization of the phenotypes associated with
      naturally occurring mutant alleles.

PMID- 3838799
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and granulomatous lesions.

PMID- 3838800
TI  - Hypercalcemia and elevated 1,25-(OH)2D levels in a patient with end-stage renal
      disease and active tuberculosis.

PMID- 3838801
TI  - Suitable treatment.

PMID- 3838802
TI  - Comparison of alpha-tropomyosin sequences from smooth and striated muscle.
AB  - Tropomyosins are a closely related family of proteins with a dimeric alpha-coiled
      coil structure. Skeletal isoforms are composed of two types of subunits, alpha
      and beta which, in turn, are assorted into two main molecular species alpha alpha
      and alpha beta. Both isoforms are present in different molar ratios in individual
      skeletal muscle types. In small mammals, however, only alpha-chain is expressed
      in cardiac muscle. Tropomyosin, in association with the troponin complex
      (troponin-I, -T and -C) plays a central role in the Ca2+-dependent regulation of
      vertebrate striated muscle contraction. On the other hand, despite structural
      similarities with the striated isoforms, the function of this protein in smooth
      muscle and non-muscle cells remains unknown, because in these cells contraction
      is thought to be regulated by myosin-linked processes independently of
      tropomyosin. Here we report the nucleotide sequences of cloned complementary DNAs
      for rat striated and smooth muscle alpha-tropomyosin. Comparison of the derived
      amino-acid sequences reveals the existence of tissue-specific peptides that
      delimit the putative troponin-I and troponin-T binding domains of tropomyosin. S1
      nuclease mapping studies reveal the existence of three distinct alpha-tropomyosin
      messenger RNA isoforms each encoding a different protein; these isoforms are
      tissue-specific, developmentally regulated and most probably encoded by the same
      gene.

PMID- 3838803
TI  - Changes of free calcium levels with stages of the cell division cycle.
AB  - Although the regulation of events in the cell division cycle by calcium or other
      cations has been the subject of much interest and speculation, experimental
      studies have been hampered by the difficulty of measuring submicromolar
      intracellular free calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) over an entire cell cycle. We
      now describe experiments using a new fluorescent calcium chelator, fura-2 (see
      Fig. 1c for structure), for continuous measurement of [Ca2+]i from fertilization
      through the first cleavage of individual eggs of the sea urchin Lytechinus
      pictus. We also show for comparison the results of parthenogenetic activation by
      ammonia. In addition to the known transient rise of [Ca2+]i at fertilization,
      further peaks are now revealed during pronuclear migration, nuclear envelope
      breakdown, the metaphase/anaphase transition and cleavage. Parthenogenetic
      activation by ammonia also elicits a sustained rise starting at nuclear envelope
      breakdown.

PMID- 3838804
TI  - Time course and spatial distribution of neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet
      (Nd:YAG) laser-induced lesions in the rat brain.
AB  - Cerebral lesions made by focal neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser
      irradiation of the rat forebrain were studied in adult Wistar rats. For the
      analysis of time-dependent changes, the brains of 28 animals were irradiated with
      a constant energy density of 461 J/cm2. In this series, survival time ranged from
      0.5 hours to 80 days. Immediately after irradiation, a circular lesion appeared
      on the surface of the brain. This lesion was surrounded by an edematous area
      intensively stained with Evans blue. At energy levels higher than 30 J, this
      circular edema contained numerous thrombosed vessels. Histopathologically, the
      lesion consisted of three distinct zones: the central coagulation necrosis was
      surrounded by a zone of delayed colliquation necrosis and by perifocal edema. At
      approximately 80 days after irradiation, the resulting cortical defect was
      covered by a pial membrane. Edematous changes of the brain cortex and the
      adjacent white matter were observed as early as 1 hour after irradiation. Within
      16 hours, the perifocal edema spread over the white matter of both hemispheres,
      and it had disappeared by the 5th day after irradiation. In a second experiment,
      the energy density varied from 231 to 3077 J/cm2. This series consisted of 84
      animals that were allowed to survive 48 hours. The size of the lesion depended on
      the level of energy applied, but the depth of the lesion varied less than the
      diameter at the brain surface.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3838805
TI  - Absorption of iohexol from cerebrospinal fluid to blood: pharmacokinetics in
      humans.
AB  - The absorption of iohexol from the subarachnoid space was studied in 9 patients.
      Serum concentrations of iohexol were measured for a minimum of 24 hours after
      injection. Peak serum concentrations were observed after 2.2 (1.7-2.7) hours. The
      half-life of the subsequent decrease in serum concentrations was 3.4 (2.2-7.9)
      hours. Concentrations of iohexol in cerebrospinal fluid were 0.29-4.3 mg I/ml 24
      hours after injection (7 patients). Serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations
      of iohexol are comparable to those found after intrathecal injection of
      metrizamide.

PMID- 3838807
TI  - Alzheimer dementia and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)
      diaphorase activity in senile plaques and the basal forebrain.
AB  - The activity of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-diaphorase was
      examined histochemically in the amygdala, cortex and sublenticular substantia
      innominata (nucleus basalis of Meynert) of patients with Alzheimer's disease and
      senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). Senile plaques were characterized
      by increased enzyme levels and the presence of astrocytes highly reactive for
      NADH-diaphorase. In the sublenticular substantia innominata, the number of
      neurons positive for NADH-diaphorase was reduced in both Alzheimer's disease and
      SDAT, a result paralleled by a reduction of Nissl-stained cells, and this
      pathology was accompanied by an increase in the number of astrocytes. Intact
      substantia innominata somata in the former dementia, however, showed essentially
      normal levels of the enzyme, whereas in the SDAT patients, an abnormal
      distribution of NADH-diaphorase was observed frequently. It is proposed that the
      increased NADH-diaphorase associated with senile plaques and their accompanying
      astrocytes may be linked, in part, to the increased astrogliosis and decrease of
      neurons in the basal forebrain and that neuropathologic differences may exist
      between Alzheimer's disease and SDAT in terms of energy metabolism.

PMID- 3838809
TI  - [Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee].

PMID- 3838806
TI  - A comparison between wheat germ agglutinin-and choleragenoid-horseradish
      peroxidase as anterogradely transported markers in central branches of primary
      sensory neurones in the rat with some observations in the cat.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase conjugates of either the lectin wheat germ agglutinin or
      choleragenoid, the binding subunit of cholera toxin, were injected into the L5
      spinal ganglion of adult rats. This enabled comparison of these two conjugates as
      anterograde tracers in the primary sensory system. After a postoperative survival
      of 4 h to 30 days, the rats were perfused and frozen sections from spinal and
      medullary regions receiving primary afferents were processed for horseradish
      peroxidase histochemistry with tetramethylbenzidine as the chromogen. Additional
      observations were made in two adult cats. Following injection of wheat germ
      agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase the labelling appeared mostly as small-sized
      granules. The concentration of labelled primary afferents in the grey matter of
      the spinal cord was greatest in the marginal zone and the substantia gelatinosa
      and less pronounced in the deep parts of the dorsal horn. Labelling was also
      found in a region lateral to the central canal and in the ventral horn. Following
      injection of choleragenoid-horseradish peroxidase the labelling appeared mainly
      as larger-sized granular profiles. The concentration of labelled primary
      afferents was greatest in the deep part of the dorsal horn and pronounced in a
      region lateral to the central canal and in the ventral horn. All these regions
      are known to receive large calibre fibres. The marginal zone and the substantia
      gelatinosa, known to receive fine calibre fibres, showed almost no labelling in
      the rat. In the cat, however, there was somewhat more labelling in the substantia
      gelatinosa. Labelling of neuronal cell bodies indicating transneuronal transport
      was seen after injection of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase.
      Transneuronal labelling did not seem to occur after injection of choleragenoid
      horseradish peroxidase. The present findings show that wheat germ agglutinin-and
      choleragenoid-horseradish peroxidase give rise to markedly different labelling
      patterns. A possible explanation for the different labelling in the marginal zone
      and substantia gelatinosa could be that certain primary sensory neurones lack
      either receptors for choleragenoid on their neuronal plasma membrane or the
      ability to transport the choleragenoid-horseradish peroxidase complex.

PMID- 3838808
TI  - Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in chick heart: influence of heat and N
      ethylmaleimide on receptor conformations and interactions with guanine nucleotide
      dependent regulatory proteins.
AB  - Several conformations of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in chick heart are
      revealed by the energetics of agonist binding. Heating cardiac membranes at 50
      degrees C for 5 min decreased agonist affinity, steepened agonist binding curves
      and eliminated receptor sensitivity to guanine nucleotides. N-ethylmaleimide
      (NEM) steepened agonist binding curves and eliminated receptor sensitivity to
      guanine nucleotides without decreasing agonist binding affinity. NEM prevented
      and reversed the effect of heat on agonist affinity. Pirenzepine and N
      methylscopolamine binding were unaffected by either treatment. NEM and heat
      stabilize muscarinic receptors in conformations unrelated to those associated
      with naturally occurring receptor populations.

PMID- 3838811
TI  - [Iron and vitamin B 2 metabolism in diffuse toxic goiter and acquired
      hypothyroidism in children].

PMID- 3838810
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of lymphomas in children.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging has been used to evaluate 10 children with lymphomas
      and was able to identify disease in all 10 cases and monitor response to therapy
      in all three patients with follow-up studies. It could not distinguish between
      the different histological types of lymphoma. The image intensity of a diseased
      spleen in one case was different from that of five other normal spleens in six
      children with Hodgkins disease. Magnetic resonance imaging compared well with
      computed tomography and it was especially good at identifying blood vessels.

PMID- 3838812
TI  - Effects of comb dubbing on the performance of laying stocks.
AB  - Three studies were conducted with birds dubbed at hatch vs. dubbed and dewattled
      at 118 days or 255 to 260 days of age or with normal hens. In the first,
      involving 5928 pullets of four strains housed 1 per cage, dubbing and dewattling
      at 255 to 260 days caused small adverse effects on egg numbers as compared with
      nondubbed controls. Body size was reduced, and both egg weight (EW) and shell
      strength were increased slightly. In the second study, involving 8180 pullets of
      nine strains housed 1 per cage, dubbing and dewattling at 118 days slightly
      increased survivor egg production (SEP) and laying house mortality, and reduced
      age at first egg, 240-day EW, and 450-day Haugh units (HU), as compared with
      dubbing only at hatch. There were significant strain by dubbing treatment
      interactions for hen-day rate of lay (HDR) and SEP. In the third study, involving
      1824 pullets of three strain crosses housed 2 and 3 birds per cage (three
      different cage sizes), there were no significant differences between birds dubbed
      at hatch and those not dubbed. Variation in age at 50% production, SEP, and HDR
      was reduced for the dubbed groups. These studies show that the older the birds
      are when dubbed, the greater the negative effects of dubbing. Hens dubbed at
      hatch exhibit no effects with the early dubbing or adverse effects in the laying
      house.

PMID- 3838813
TI  - Does human placenta produce prostacyclin?
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that the human placenta possesses potent platelet
      anti-aggregatory activity. This activity was exhibited only when aggregation was
      induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), but not when induced by adrenaline,
      ristocetin or collagen. We have also shown that placental extracts degrade ADP.
      We therefore concluded that the placenta's anti-aggregatory activity, in vitro,
      was not due to prostacyclin (PGI2) but to an 'ADPase'. In view of some reports
      claiming that the human placenta produces PGI2, we carried out a series of
      experiments to establish whether human placental tissue can convert [14C]
      arachidonic acid [( 14C]-AA) to 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, the stable metabolite of PGI2.
      Tissue from placenta and the membranes did not show any appreciable conversion of
      [14C]-AA into 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha. This finding was confirmed by radioimmunoassay
      techniques where the placenta was shown to produce spontaneously only minimal
      amounts of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha. We conclude that placental tissue and the fetal
      membranes do not synthesize a significant amount of PGI2, certainly not enough to
      account for the potent platelet anti-aggregatory activity of the placenta in
      vitro. Placental platelet anti-aggregatory activity in vitro, is probably due
      entirely to ADPase activity.

PMID- 3838814
TI  - [Pharmcodynamic evaluation of the use of anaprilin combined with merkazolil for
      the therapy of thyrotoxicosis].
AB  - Anaprilin pharmacodynamics was studied in thyrotoxicosis patients. The clinical
      therapeutic effect of anaprilin, mercazolyl and their combinations was studied.
      In anaprilin therapy the drug should be individually dosed out with regard to its
      basal concentration in the blood and the degree of pulse retardation at rest. An
      adequate anaprilin dose for most patients was 160 mg/day. Anaprilin-mercazolyl
      combined therapy resulted in more retarded pulse as compared to a single drug
      therapy with anaprilin. The effect of anaprilin was potentiated by mercazolyl
      doses which did not by themselves cause a positive cardiovascular effect in the
      first two weeks of therapy.

PMID- 3838815
TI  - Resorptive versus absorptive hypercalciuria in sarcoidosis: correlations with 25
      hydroxy vitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 and parameters of disease
      activity.
AB  - Sarcoidosis is frequently attended by hypercalciuria and sometimes by
      hypercalcaemia. The type of hypercalciuria and its relationships with disease
      extension and activity have rarely been investigated. In order to clarify these
      issues we undertook an investigation by a calcium absorption test in 39 patients
      with untreated thoracic sarcoidosis, and tried to establish correlations with
      vitamin D3 metabolism and some features of the disease. We found three types of
      responses. Group I (n = 12) with a normal test had normal 1,25-(OH)2D3 and rare
      extrathoracic localisations. Group II (n = 14) with absorptive hypercalciuria had
      higher serum calcium; 1,25-(OH)2D3 (p less than 0.001) and the free 1,25-(OH)2D3
      index (p less than 0.05) were raised. Sarcoidosis was more often inflammatory,
      developing and disseminated. Group III (n = 13) had resorptive hypercalciuria,
      and hypercalcaemia was frequent. 1,25-(OH)2D3 (p less than 0.01) and the free
      1,25-(OH)2D3 index (p less than 0.05) were raised but to the same degree as in
      Group II. Sarcoidosis was more disseminated and developing than in Groups I and
      II. In the 39 patients, iPTH and nephrogenous cAMP were low. Post-calcium load
      urinary calcium/creatinine (Ca/Cr) and 1,25-(OH)2D3 were correlated (p less than
      0.05). Extrathoracic extension was associated with higher fasting urinary Ca/Cr
      (p less than 0.001), and development with higher post-load urinary Ca/Cr (p less
      than 0.001). Thus, absorptive hypercalciuria is related to the development of
      sarcoidosis and can be explained by high free 1,25-(OH)2D3, while resorptive
      hypercalciuria seems to be linked with disease extension. In such a case, the
      mechanism of osteolysis is not solely accounted for by high 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3
      serum levels, and we postulate that some other factor is at work, related to the
      extent of the granulomatous process.

PMID- 3838816
TI  - Chromatographic characterisation of the circulating neuropeptide Y
      immunoreactivity from patients with phaeochromocytoma.
AB  - Samples of adrenal medullary phaeochromocytoma from two patients were extracted
      in acid. The tissue concentrations of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity
      were found to be 0.94 and 8.11 micrograms/g. Plasma from these patients subjected
      to NPY radioimmunoassay after Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography
      revealed circulating plasma concentrations of 1889 and 2079 pg/ml, compared to
      levels in normal plasma of less than 50 pg/ml, treated in the same way. Further
      characterisation of this plasma NPY-like immunoreactivity by HPLC showed this
      peptide to possess identical elution behaviour to human NPY standard. It is
      suggested that circulating NPY may be a contributory factor in the symptoms
      exhibited by some patients with adrenal medullary phaeochromocytoma.

PMID- 3838817
TI  - Inhibition of renal membrane binding and nephrotoxicity of gentamicin by
      polyasparagine and polyaspartic acid in the rat.
AB  - The effect of the polyamino acids, polylysine, polyasparagine and polyaspartic
      acid, on 3H-gentamicin binding to rat renal brush border membranes was observed.
      All three polyamino acids showed inhibition of 3H-gentamicin binding at 1X and
      0.1X the molar amount of gentamicin. Polylysine, polyasparagine and polyaspartic
      acid were subsequently tested in vivo for potential nephroprotective activity vs.
      gentamicin in a 14-day subacute nephrotoxicity model at 3X, 0.5X and 0.3X the
      molar dose of gentamicin, respectively. While polylysine did not produce
      significant nephroprotection, polyasparagine and polyaspartic acid completely
      eliminated gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 3838818
TI  - Epicardial image analysis using a desk top computer. Comparison of epicardial
      flow distribution and NADH-fluorescence pattern.
AB  - In isolated coronary-ligated rabbit hearts, quantification of epicardial flow
      distribution pattern and of ischemic area was performed from flow indicator and
      endogenous NADH-fluorescence pictures, respectively, after UV-flash photography.
      After being digitized (256 X 256 pixels), the fluorescence photos were analyzed
      by an Apple desk computer using self-written software (fast machine routines
      called from BASIC programs). The ischemic area (= sum of pixels with enhanced
      NADH fluorescence) corresponds to the area with disturbed coronary perfusion (=
      sum of pixels with diminished indicator fluorescence). Since coronary-active
      drugs might affect both parameters--local myocardial perfusion and metabolism-
      differentially, the method presented seems to be a very useful technique for
      differentiated analysis of the action profile of coronary-active drugs.

PMID- 3838819
TI  - A role for prostaglandins in reperfusion-induced myocardial injury?
AB  - Restoration of flow to hearts made ischemic for 60 min is known to produce
      accelerated tissue injury. In these studies, reperfusion produced an enhanced
      enzyme [creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase] efflux,
      development of contracture, and reduced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
      These effects were associated with prostaglandin (PG) production as measured by 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha efflux from the heart. Three nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents
      -indomethacin, aspirin, and mefenamic acid--that inhibit the cyclooxygenase
      dependent conversion of arachidonic acid to PGs reduced most aspects of
      dysfunction associated with reperfusion. In addition, three glucocorticoids-
      cortisol, dexamethasone, and methylprednisolone--that prevent substrate
      availability for cyclooxygenase also significantly decreased CPK efflux, but had
      variable effects on other parameters. These studies suggest that endogenous PGs
      produced in the heart may contribute to the dysfunction associated with
      reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium.

PMID- 3838820
TI  - [The menopause and bone metabolism].
AB  - The author first makes clear the distinction between osteopenia, a physiological
      phenomenon which occurs in both sexes from the fourth decade onwards, and
      osteoporosis, which is expressed by spontaneous vertebral compression.
      Osteoporosis appears when osteopenia progresses below a certain threshold, which
      is attained more often in the woman than in the aged man. Physiologically
      osteopenia is accelerated in the woman at the time of, and after, the menopause,
      and oestrogens are capable of preventing this decline, at least for several
      years. Calcium therapy slows down the decline by 50%. The inconvenience of
      oestrogen treatments, their suspensive and provisional character, as well as the
      lesser efficacy of calcium therapy, should make very useful a practical method
      for distinguishing subjects who are threatened from those who are not.

PMID- 3838821
TI  - Widespread distribution of brain dopamine receptors evidenced with
      [125I]iodosulpride, a highly selective ligand.
AB  - The new benzamide derivative [125I]iodosulpride is a highly sensitive and
      selective ligand for D-2 dopamine receptors and displays a very low nonspecific
      binding to membrane or autoradiographic sections. On autoradiographic images, D-2
      receptors are present not only in well-established dopaminergic areas but also,
      in a discrete manner, in a number of catecholaminergic regions in which the
      dopaminergic innervation is still unknown, imprecise, or controversial, as in the
      sensorimotor cerebral cortex or cerebellum. This widespread distribution suggests
      larger physiological and pathophysiological roles for cerebral dopamine receptors
      than was previously thought.

PMID- 3838822
TI  - [Possibilities and limits of the determination of histologic age of continuity
      ruptures of the knee joint meniscus. A contribution to the pathologic histology
      of "temporally progressing" meniscus ruptures].

PMID- 3838823
TI  - [Complex treatment of stage II-III breast cancer].

PMID- 3838824
TI  - Use of the personal computer in clinical research.
AB  - Personal computers are quickly becoming items of everyday use. More physicians'
      offices are using computers for billing and patients' records. Others have
      purchased computers for their word processing capabilities. These computers can
      be used for archives of medical case records or to collect and collate data for
      clinical research. This article focuses on how we use a personal computer for
      organization and management of clinical research projects. Included is a
      description of how we organize a research project, gather data, write computer
      programs, enter data into the computer, and generate and display reports. The use
      of a template program and a personal computer permits creation of individual
      programs without the aid of a professional programmer. When a single data
      management program is used, five or six research projects can be carried out at a
      cost comparable to that of one project using a large computer and professional
      programmers.

PMID- 3838825
TI  - The retinopathy of prematurity: medicolegal aspects.
AB  - The incidence of medicolegal claims based on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
      diminished in the 1960s after the role of oxygen was presumed to be understood.
      It has since increased again for a number of reasons. More very premature infants
      are being saved. The causes of ROP are multifactorial, not well understood, and
      the role of oxygen as a significant factor is not always clear. Moreover, the
      risk/benefit ratio of supplemental oxygen is not always easy to evaluate. The
      morphologic features of ROP are common to a number of disorders, which may be
      misdiagnosed as ROP. In the series of 500 medicolegal claims that I have studied,
      no ophthalmologists have been sued in cases concerning ROP. However, they are
      routinely called as expert witnesses and it is to guide them in that role that I
      am reviewing the subject.

PMID- 3838826
TI  - A kinetic model describing the interaction of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 with
      calcium ions.
AB  - A kinetic model is derived for the interaction of bovine prothrombin fragment 1
      with calcium ions. The model requires binding of a minimum of two calcium ions
      for induction of the observed biphasic fluorescence decrease as a function of
      time. The model is shown to be consistent with experimental kinetic and
      equilibrium data by fitting theoretical curves for the biphasic fluorescence
      change to the data through exact solution of the nonlinear differential rate
      equations derived from the model. The rate constants for the binding of these two
      required calcium ions are calculated from the solutions as best fit parameters.
      The thermodynamic equilibrium constants, K1 and K2, for the binding of these two
      calcium ions are calculated from ratios of the forward and reverse rate constants
      as 0.6 X 10(4) and 5.4 X 10(4), respectively. Thus, the model correctly predicts
      positively cooperative calcium ion binding for at least the two calcium ions
      required to induce fluorescence quenching.

PMID- 3838827
TI  - High levels of plasma protein C in nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - In patients with severe nephrotic syndrome determinations of plasma protein C: Ag
      levels (8 patients: 5 adults, 3 children) and protein C activity (3 out of 8
      patients) revealed significantly elevated plasma protein C concentrations.
      Furthermore we observed a significant inverse correlation of protein C: Ag to AT
      III: Ag levels. No protein C: Ag could be detected in the urine of two patients
      studied. We conclude from our data, that changes of plasma protein C do not
      contribute to the high thrombotic tendency in nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 3838828
TI  - The effect of inhibition of thromboxane synthesis in experimental thrombosis and
      hemostasis.
AB  - The effect of a selective inhibitor of thromboxane synthesis (dazoxiben) was
      evaluated in different acute models for thrombosis and hemostasis. Dazoxiben
      significantly reduced the thrombogenicity of the modified human umbilical vein
      (Dardik Biograft) inserted in the carotid artery position in sheep. The effect
      was evident concerning patency, thrombus weight and platelet accumulation at the
      distal anastomosis. This paralleled a decreased production of thromboxane in both
      anastomoses and the midgraft region. Dazoxiben did not reduce either the
      frequency of jugular vein thrombosis (induced by a combination of endothelial
      damage and flow restriction) or arteriolar microembolism after laser injury in
      rabbits. Neither did it influence initial hemostasis as evaluated by measuring
      the hemostatic plug formation in the rabbit mesenteric microcirculation. It is
      concluded that thromboxane synthesis inhibition may be of value when attempting
      to improve the performance of small diameter vascular prostheses, the data
      obtained indicating a low risk for hemorrhagic complications.

PMID- 3838829
TI  - Whole blood clot lysis: in vitro modulation by activated protein C.
AB  - Lysis of clots prepared from native or citrated whole blood as measured by
      release of 125I fibrinogen degradation products was 10% or less at 20 hours.
      Lysis of these clots was accelerated by activated protein C in a dose-dependent
      manner (0.1 to 20 micrograms/ml) from less than 10% to 60-80% at 20 hours. Lysis
      of clots prepared from native or citrated platelet poor plasma across the same
      concentration range of activated protein C was less than 15%. Gla-domain-less
      activated protein C was equally effective in accelerating clot lysis whereas DIP
      activated protein C or factor Xa did not accelerate clot lysis. This suggested
      that this action of activated protein C was enzymatic and this this action was
      limited to protein C among the vitamin K dependent proteins. The unresponsiveness
      of platelet poor plasma to activated protein C was completely restored to that of
      whole blood by addition of mononuclear leukocytes. Addition of red corpuscles or
      platelets alone had no effect on this response, while addition of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes partially restored this response. Addition of
      metabolic inhibitors 2-deoxyglucose and oligomycin inhibited the response of
      whole blood and of plasma-mononuclear leukocytes to activated protein C.
      Reconstitution studies of platelet poor plasma made deficient in plasminogen
      activator and plasminogen showed that accelerated clot lysis produced by
      mononuclear leukocytes and activated protein C required the presence of
      plasminogen. We concluded, therefore, that activated protein C accelerates whole
      blood or plasma-leukocyte clot lysis by modulating activation of the plasminogen
      system by metabolically active leukocytes.

PMID- 3838830
TI  - [Comparison of the efficacy of ivermectin in injectable form and as a paste in
      horses].
AB  - A comparison was made of the efficacy of Ivermectin administered as an injection
      and as a paste. Fourteen horses which were naturally infected with small
      strongyles were divided into three groups. Animals of group 1 received an
      injection of 5 ml Ivermectin, equivalent to 500 kg bodyweight, horses of group 2
      received one injector with Ivermectin as a paste (for 500 kg body weight), a
      third group remained untreated as a control. Faecal examinations and larval
      cultures on the day of treatment and 14, 28 and 42 days later showed that both
      injection and paste had a 100 percent efficacy against mature and immature small
      strongyles in these horses.

PMID- 3838831
TI  - [Treatment possibilities of recurrences of lymphogranulomatosis].
AB  - The authors present seven typical cases chosen from a group of thirty patients
      with recurrent Hodgkin's disease. One out of these patients suffered from two
      recurrences, five patients from three recurrences each, and one patient from six
      recurrences. The observation period, beginning with the primary treatment, was
      between five and 16 years. None of the patients was exclusively irradiated or
      only treated by cytostatic drugs. Therefore after primary radiotherapy in the
      stages I to III A, later recurrences could often be successfully treated by an
      alternating application of cytostatic drugs and repeated radiotherapy. After
      primary chemotherapy of the advanced primary stages III B to IV B, too, a
      remission of the second and third recurrence could often be achieved by
      radiotherapy. Furthermore, the application of alternative schemes such as Holoxan
      Vepesid has to be taken into account in the treatment of recurrences. The
      repeated application of C-MOPP after an interval of at least twelve months also
      produces good rates of response. The present results allow to make the conclusion
      that a successful treatment of the second and third and even of further
      recurrences is possible by a combined application of irradiation and cytostatic
      therapy.

PMID- 3838832
TI  - Computer-assisted drug assay interpretation based on Bayesian estimation of
      individual pharmacokinetics: application to lidocaine.
AB  - A microcomputer program for individualized drug level prediction based on
      Bayesian forecasting is presented. It is written so that the clinician can
      integrate patient demographics and drug levels to design a new dosage regimen
      tailored to an individual patient. The program's great flexibility and robustness
      make it appropriate for realistic clinical settings. A validation with a data set
      of lidocaine concentrations measured in 18 patients revealed that the program can
      predict serum lidocaine levels accurately enough to enhance individual patient
      dosage adjustment within a few hours after a dosage regimen is started.

PMID- 3838833
TI  - Relapse of Israeli spotted fever treated with doxycycline.

PMID- 3838834
TI  - Treatment with ivermectin of cattle naturally infested with Parafilaria bovicola
      in Burundi.

PMID- 3838835
TI  - Efficacy of ivermectin against the sucking louse Solenopotes capillatus.

PMID- 3838836
TI  - Ivermectin treatment of ticks.

PMID- 3838837
TI  - Efficacy of ivermectin against somatic Strongyloides ransomi larvae.
AB  - The efficacy of ivermectin against the somatic larval stages of Strongyloides
      ransomi was evaluated in three trials involving 35 pregnant gilts harbouring
      induced infections. Treatment at a rate of 300 micrograms/kg bodyweight
      subcutaneously, four to 16 days before farrowing, was highly effective as judged
      by counts of larvae in milk and worm burdens of piglets.

PMID- 3838838
TI  - Experimental studies of sperm transport in sheep, cows and pigs.

PMID- 3838839
TI  - Picrotoxin, the antidote to ivermectin in dogs?

PMID- 3838840
TI  - [A case of prolonged course of gastric lymphosarcoma].

PMID- 3838841
TI  - [Health resort treatment of patients with the postcholecystectomy syndrome].

PMID- 3838842
TI  - [Calculation of main hemodynamic indicators by a computer].

PMID- 3838843
TI  - [Role of the duodenum in the pathogenesis of the postcholecystectomy syndrome].

PMID- 3838845
TI  - [Venereal transmission of hepatitis B].

PMID- 3838844
TI  - [Thrombosis of a St. Jude Medical valve in malignant lymphoma and extensive blood
      vessel malformation].
AB  - We present a case of thrombosis of a St. Jude Medical valve in mitral position at
      the time of manifestation of an acute malignant lymphoma. Since valve thrombosis
      and the onset of acute malignant lymphoma appeared simultaneously, we conclude
      that the malignant lymphoma may have been the cause of valve thrombosis. In our
      case report we discuss the genesis and prophylaxis of valve thrombosis during
      malignant disease.

PMID- 3838846
TI  - The value of spectrofluorometry for the diagnosis of contagious equine metritis.

PMID- 3838847
TI  - [Heterogeneity of monoclonal antibody affinity].
AB  - In experiments with Pasteurella pestis monovalent capsular antigen and hybridoma
      monoclonal antibodies obtained after cloning and recloning the heterogeneity of
      the active centers of antibodies with respect to their affinity was revealed. In
      ascitic fluids obtained from the animals inoculated with different hybridoma
      clones 5 groups of antibodies, differing in their affinity, were determined in
      each fluid sample.

PMID- 3838848
TI  - A quantitative assessment of myelin sheaths in the peripheral nerves of
      dystrophic, quaking, and trembler mutants.
AB  - If myelin sheaths are relatively thin for axon caliber, this is generally taken
      as a sign of insufficient myelin formation. However, recent studies have shown
      that sheath thickness relates not only to axon caliber; the relative length of
      the internode is also important. Foreshortened internodes have slightly thinner
      sheaths than long internodes of the same fiber caliber (Friede and Bischhausen
      1982). In the present study we compared sheath thickness with internode geometry
      in the sciatic fibers of three murine mutants, the Dystrophic, Quaking and
      Trembler mice, using a new computer-assisted method. A quantitative
      correspondence was found between abnormally thin sheaths and internode
      foreshortening. The magnitude of the changes was the same as that found
      previously in normal and regenerated fiber populations. The data show that the
      geometric proportions of internodes cannot be ignored when assessing sheath
      thickness, and they also shed some new light on the mechanisms which produce
      abnormally thin sheaths.

PMID- 3838849
TI  - Post-natal development of protein C in full-term newborns.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of Protein C in the
      blood of full-term healthy newborns. The levels of Protein C, evaluated by
      electroimmunoassay, were low in the first 5 days of life and lower than the
      critical adult thrombotic level. The antigenic activity increased progressively
      from the 2nd week of life and the adult values were reached after the 6th month.
      The reduction of Protein C levels may impair the ability of the newborn to
      control consumptive disorders, thus exposing the infants to the risk of
      thrombotic conditions in neonatal age.

PMID- 3838850
TI  - Intrathecal administration of human leukocyte interferon to a patient with
      subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
AB  - An eight-year-old boy with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis was treated with
      human leukocyte interferon (HuIFN-alpha) by intravenous and intrathecal
      injections. We observed some remarkable improvements in his clinical course.

PMID- 3838851
TI  - Pre- and postjunctional effects of NPY on sympathetic control of rat femoral
      artery.

PMID- 3838852
TI  - Hodgkin's disease, intracranial involvement. Report of a case and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Intracranial hodgkin's disease, an extremely uncommon finding, is reported in a
      21-year-old man. This diagnosis, confirmed histologically, occurred in the
      presence of recurrent systemic disease, mixed cellularity type, which is typical
      for patients who have developed this complication. Review of the reported cases
      suggests there may be increasing incidence of intracranial involvement of
      Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3838853
TI  - A case report of malignant lymphoma with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
AB  - The authors studied a case of malignant lymphoma arising in a patient with
      Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Histologically, a malignant, large cell, immunoblastic
      lymphoma was revealed, with the surrounding area showing changes typical of
      Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Immunoperoxidase staining proved the lymphoma cells to
      have intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins (IgA, k). Infiltrating interfollicular
      plasma cells containing the same kind of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins (IgA,
      k) were present in the surrounding Hashimoto's thyroiditis lesions. Thus, it is
      possible that the interfollicular infiltrating plasma cells evolved into a
      malignant lymphoma in this case of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

PMID- 3838854
TI  - Human lymphoblastoid interferon treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma in the acquired
      immune deficiency syndrome. Clinical response and prognostic parameters.
AB  - Thirty consecutive patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome were
      treated with intramuscular human lymphoblastoid interferon for Kaposi's sarcoma.
      Patients were divided into three groups receiving 7.5 million units/m2 per day,
      15 million units/m2 per day, or 25 million units/m2 per day for 28 days. Because
      of dose-limiting toxicity in the highest dose group, all patients received
      between 6 and 15 million units/m2 per day. There were three partial responses and
      four minor responses. The responses were not dependent on drug dose, but did
      correlate with higher total lymphocyte and OKT4-positive lymphocyte numbers and
      absence of prior opportunistic infection. Patients who had endogenous acid-labile
      alpha-interferon prior to therapy were more likely to have progressive disease
      during interferon administration.

PMID- 3838855
TI  - Distal renal tubular acidosis and lymphocytic thyroiditis with spontaneously
      resolving hyperthyroidism. Report of 1 case without nephrocalcinosis.
AB  - In a 33-year-old woman concurrence of a complete distal renal tubular acidosis
      (RTA) and lymphocytic thyroiditis with spontaneously resolving hyperthyroidism
      was observed. Until recently, the rare association of RTA and hyperthyroidism had
      been thought to be governed by nephrocalcinosis, via hypercalcemia and
      hypercalciuria. However, in this case, nephrocalcinosis was not present, but
      there were histological signs of renal interstitial mononuclear cell
      infiltration, and the RTA persisted despite the resolution of the
      hyperthyroidism. This observation supports the idea that immunological mechanisms
      may relate RTA and hyperthyroidism when the latter has an autoimmune origin.

PMID- 3838856
TI  - Computerized analysis of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test.
AB  - The method proposed by Farnsworth for scoring the 100-Hue test is reviewed, and
      measures of the orientation and strength of the error axis are proposed. The
      error axis and its magnitude are determined by the phase and amplitude,
      respectively, of the best-fit sinusoid to the function that results from
      Kitahara's transformation of the subject's arrangement of the colors. In
      addition, a computer program, written in BASIC, that scores the 100-Hue test
      according to those methods is described, and a listing of that program is
      provided in the Appendix.

PMID- 3838857
TI  - Lectin binding to human gastric adenocarcinomas and adjacent tissues.
AB  - The binding of lectins to paraffin sections of nine gastric carcinomas and
      adjacent mucosa was examined by fluorescence microscopy. A battery of nine
      lectins was employed, and both intestinal and diffusely infiltrating tumors were
      tested. Wheat germ agglutinin and Ricinus communis agglutinin I appeared to bind
      to both mucus and nonmucus glycoproteins; these lectins labeled tumor cells,
      benign epithelial cells, and nonepithelial tissues strongly and consistently.
      Peanut agglutin, soybean agglutinin, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, Bandeiraea
      simpifolica agglutinin, and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I bound extensively to
      mucosubstances in vacuoles and apices of benign epithelial cells but often bound
      to tumor cells focally and in some cases not at all. Neuraminidase digestion
      enhanced lectin staining in some tumors; but in others, especially those of the
      diffusely infiltrating type, neuraminidase digestion did not enhance the staining
      of tumor cells. The results suggest that the decrease in the proportion of tumor
      cells labeling with lectin relative to superficial epithelial cells can be due
      either to the oversialylation of mucoproteins or to the loss of glycosylating
      enzyme activity. Concanavalin A did not bind to mucosubstances in the vacuoles or
      apices of benign epithelium, but bound to mucus vacuoles of metaplastic
      epithelium and to coarse cytoplasmic granules in two of the tumors examined. This
      suggests either the abnormal addition of mannose to mucus glycoprotein or the
      production of a distinct glycoprotein by some gastric tumors.

PMID- 3838858
TI  - Effect of PTH on blood pressure and response to vasoconstrictor agonists.
AB  - Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is known to be a vasodilator and to exert a hypotensive
      action. The present study examined the possible mechanisms involved, with special
      emphasis on the role of vasodilatory prostaglandins. The effects of the intact 1
      84 PTH and that of its amino-terminal 1-34 fragment on mean arterial pressure
      (MAP) and on the vascular response to norepinephrine (NE) or angiotensin II (ANG
      II) were examined in rats before and after pretreatment with indomethacin. Bolus
      injections of 30 U of both 1-84 and 1-34 PTH produced a significant (P less than
      0.01) decrease in MAP; however, the hypotensive response to 1-34 PTH (-28 +/- 4.6
      mmHg) was more marked (P less than 0.01) than to 1-84 PTH (-9 +/- 1.8 mmHg). The
      infusion of 1-84 PTH (30 U/h) did not alter MAP, whereas the infusion of 1-34 PTH
      (30 U/h) led to a decrease in MAP from 124 +/- 2 to 103 +/- 4.0 mmHg (P less than
      0.01) and to a rise in heart rate from 359 +/- 30 to 437 +/- 13 beats/min (P less
      than 0.02). Both 1-84 and 1-34 PTH antagonized the pressor effects produced by
      bolus injections of NE and ANG II. Pretreatment with indomethacin (5 mg/kg body
      wt) abolished the inhibitory effect of 1-84 and 1-34 PTH on the response of MAP
      to NE and ANG II and the hypotensive action of 1-34 PTH. Infusion of 1-84 and 1
      34 PTH produced a significant rise in urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3838859
TI  - Inhibition of H+ secretion by lectins in turtle bladder: role of a cell type on
      acidification.
AB  - Because certain lectins have been shown to bind to the intercalated cell of the
      cortical collecting tubule, we investigated the effect of concanavalin A and
      wheat germ agglutinin on urinary acidification in isolated turtle bladders. After
      addition to the mucosal but not serosal fluid, concanavalin A and wheat germ
      agglutinin decreased H+ secretion in a dose-dependent manner, and these effects
      were specifically inhibited by the competitive antagonists of concanavalin A
      (alpha-methyl-D-mannoside) and of wheat germ agglutinin (N-acetylglucosamine).
      Concanavalin A decreased H+ secretion by decreasing both the proton motive force
      and the active conductance of protons. Although electroneutral HCO3 secretion was
      not inhibited by either lectin, Na transport was decreased by 18 and 25%,
      respectively, after concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin. Concanavalin A
      failed to inhibit O2 consumption by the granular cell fraction but significantly
      inhibited O2 consumption by the carbonic anhydrase rich cell fraction.
      Morphological studies utilizing peroxidase or fluorescein-labeled concanavalin A
      showed that concanavalin A stained one cell type and that this staining was
      specific since it could be blocked by the competitive antagonist alpha-methyl-D
      mannoside. Studies utilizing double labeling with fluorescein concanavalin A and
      acridine orange suggested that both probes stain the same cell type. The data
      strongly suggest that concanavalin A interacts specifically with the cell
      responsible for H+ secretion.

PMID- 3838860
TI  - Cytodestructive mechanisms provoked by food antigens. II. Antibody-dependent,
      allergic autocytotoxicity.
AB  - Antibody-dependent, allergic autocytotoxicity (ACT) is an in vitro process
      through which WBC from patients and/or controls, passively sensitized with RAST
      positive serum, are damaged in the presence of corresponding food antigens.
      Studies among 13 patients, sensitive to cow milk, corn and wheat, and 13
      asymptomatic controls revealed that antibody-dependent ACT is mediated by
      thermolabile cytotoxic factor, presumably IgE antibody. The resultant cellular
      interactions might contribute to the induction of the autoimmune response.

PMID- 3838861
TI  - Application of microcomputers to the interpretation of high-resolution nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectra of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides: evaluation of
      high-mannose structures.
AB  - A microcomputer program for determining primary oligosaccharide structures by
      high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance is reported. The program uses the data
      base obtained from spectra of model compounds reported in the literature. A
      number of high-mannose-type asparagine-linked glycopeptide spectra containing
      tabulated chemical shifts measured at room temperature were tested to determine
      the ability of the computer to correctly assign carbohydrate units into a
      complete structure. High-mannose structures ranging from five to nine
      oligomannosyl units were completely and unambiguously analyzed to give complete
      structural assignments. The computer program will also resolve glycopeptide
      mixtures. The method provides investigators with a useful tool for accurately
      evaluating nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and should greatly facilitate the
      complicated and time-consuming evaluation of microheterogeneity in samples
      commonly isolated from biological systems.

PMID- 3838862
TI  - Distribution of lectin binding sites in rabbit oviduct.
AB  - The carbohydrate histochemistry of the rabbit oviduct has been examined by the
      use of four lectins conjugated with horseradish peroxidase as histochemical
      reagents. Each lectin gave a very distinct typical pattern of binding, but for
      each lectin there was no difference between the distribution of binding sites in
      ampulla and isthmus. Wheat germ lectin bound exclusively with the connective
      tissue of the oviduct folds; winged pea lectin was detected only in the ciliated
      cells; peanut lectin binding sites were visualized in the secretory cells; the
      binding reactivity of soybean lectin was limited to the basal part of the cilia.
      Although it is very difficult at present to correlate the distribution of lectin
      binding sites with the function of the positive cells, some hypotheses have been
      advanced.

PMID- 3838863
TI  - Fentanyl does not inhibit fertilization or early development of sea urchin eggs.
AB  - Sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) eggs have been used to study the effects of
      fentanyl on in vitro fertilization and early development as a model of human in
      vitro fertilization. Fentanyl did not affect fertilization or subsequent cell
      division when present in concentrations calculated to approximate or exceed those
      to which human ora would be exposed during clinical anesthesia. Lytechinus eggs
      exposed to fentanyl, then washed in fentanyl-free sea water before fertilization
      were also not affected and divided normally. The results suggest potential
      clinical utility of fentanyl during the harvesting of human ova for subsequent in
      vitro fertilization.

PMID- 3838864
TI  - Enzymatic hydrolysis of atracurium in vivo.
AB  - Inactivation of atracurium in vivo has been postulated to proceed along two
      pathways: Hofmann elimination and ester hydrolysis. Since an end product of
      Hofmann elimination (acrylate) may be potentially toxic, the authors conducted a
      study to determine the extent of degradation via enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis
      relative to that via Hofmann elimination. The enzyme carboxylesterase was
      inhibited by the pretreatment of rats with an organophosphorous compound,
      triorthotolyl phosphate (TOTP). Skeletal muscle relaxation produced either by d
      tubocurarine or succinylcholine was not influenced by the pretreatment. This
      indicates that TOTP does not alter directly the paralyzing properties of either
      depolarizing or nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. Relaxation produced by
      atracurium, however, was prolonged markedly and the rate of recovery from
      relaxation was decreased. The authors conclude: 1) enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis is
      probably responsible for the short duration of action of atracurium; 2) Hofmann
      elimination, at least in rats, probably is not the principal degradation pathway;
      and 3) the opportunity for in vivo generation of large amounts of potentially
      toxic end products is less than previously implied.

PMID- 3838865
TI  - Potency of atracurium: a comparison of single dose and cumulative dose
      techniques.

PMID- 3838867
TI  - Comparative efficacy of injection routes and doses of ivermectin against
      Psoroptes in rabbits.
AB  - Rabbits infested with Psoroptes ovis (Hering) or with P cuniculi (Delafond) were
      injected IM or subcutaneously with ivermectin or with vehicle. A single injection
      of ivermectin (200 micrograms/kg) either IM or subcutaneously was inadequate to
      eliminate all mites in the ears of the rabbits. However, a single injection of
      ivermectin at 400 micrograms/kg, regardless of the route of injection, eliminated
      all P cuniculi mites, but eliminated P ovis mites in only 50% of the rabbits.
      Ivermectin was more effective against P cuniculi than against P ovis at both
      doses tested, regardless of the route of injection.

PMID- 3838866
TI  - [Complex intensive therapy of postoperative paralytic ileus in obstetrical and
      gynecological patients].

PMID- 3838868
TI  - Calibration of computer-assisted (Respicomp) respiratory inductive
      plethysmography in newborns.
AB  - We investigated the accuracy of a computer-assisted, respiratory inductive
      plethysmograph (Respicomp) on 50 awake human newborns who were lying supine.
      Breaths were selected with different rib cage (RC) to pneumotach (PNT) and
      abdomen (AB) to pneumotach (PNT) values. The equation RC/PNT + AB/PNT = 1 was
      solved using the least squares method (LSQ) of calculation of calibration
      factors. Validation of the calibration factors was performed with a range of
      consecutive breaths between 6 and 22. Of the 1,128 validation or revalidation
      breaths, 628 (56%) were within 10% of the simultaneously measured PNT volume,
      1,024 (91%) were within 20%, and 1,128 (100%) were within 30%. The RC or AB
      compartment contributions to ventilation changed spontaneously in the awake
      newborns. This change eliminated the need to wait for varying sleep states to
      obtain calibration factors and reduced total time required for calibration. (Some
      loss of accuracy is a compromise with this method; the calibration factors
      obtained do not remain accurate while the infant is asleep.) This method provided
      a reliable and rapid calibration and validation technique of the respiratory
      inductive plethysmograph (Respicomp) on awake newborns.

PMID- 3838869
TI  - Antibiotic usage for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus mycotic aneurysms.
AB  - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasing in incidence due
      to widespread use of cephalosporin antibiotics. These infections, generally, are
      characteristically hospital acquired and related to antibiotic pressure. The
      appearance of community acquired MRSA has recently been observed among IV drug
      abusers (IVDA). The duration and type of antibiotic therapy is controversial.
      Twenty patients with IVDA related mycotic aneurysms and associated soft tissue
      infections were evaluated. Particular attention was given to the bacteria
      cultured, the antibiotic therapy used and the response to therapy. Antibiotic use
      was inconsistent. Thirty per cent of the patients received no antibiotics.
      Although 62 per cent of the Staphylococcus aureus infections in this group were
      methicillin-resistant and quite extensive, the antibiotics used had no clinical
      importance. The need for vancomycin as therapy for extensive soft tissue
      infections with MRSA may be overrated and probably contributes to the development
      of increasing antibiotic resistance.

PMID- 3838870
TI  - Audiological results with two single channel cochlear implants.
AB  - We tested six patients with single channel cochlear implants on several tests
      from the Minimal Auditory Capabilities battery and the Iowa Cochlear Implant
      Tests. All patients were able to discriminate some everyday sounds and to
      identify the number of syllables in the words presented. Five patients were able
      to identify speaker sex reliably. Surprisingly, some patients had difficulty
      discriminating between a modulated noise and a voice or between a question and a
      statement or identifying the accented word in a sentence. On several audiovisual
      tests, an improvement was observed for the sound plus vision condition compared
      to the vision only condition. This was particularly true for sentence tests, but
      was not uniform across patients or across tests.

PMID- 3838871
TI  - Human T-cell receptor beta-chain genes.
AB  - cDNA clones encoding the beta chain of the T-cell antigen receptor from the human
      leukaemic cell line JM (which extend through the constant region and into the
      variable region of the receptor) show hybridization only to RNA from JM cells,
      and not in five other T-cell leukaemias. Multiple hybridizing bands were detected
      in genomic DNA digests by a V beta probe, suggesting that inherited V beta gene
      diversity will be significant. Two beta-chain constant region genes (designated C
      beta 1 and C beta 2) occur in human genomic DNA, and both of these genes are
      capable of rearrangement in T-cell DNA. When the downstream C beta 2 gene is
      rearranged, deletion of the C beta 1 gene can occur. These characteristics of
      rearrangement and deletion of beta-chain genes show analogies to the
      immunoglobulin gene loci.

PMID- 3838872
TI  - New cephalosporins cefotaxime, cefpimizole, BMY 28142, and HR 810 in experimental
      pneumococcal meningitis in rabbits.
AB  - Four new cephalosporins, cefotaxime, cefpimizole (U 63196E), BMY 28142, and HR
      810 were evaluated in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Cefotaxime penetrated
      only moderately into the cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits with meningitis, whereas
      cefpimizole, BMY 28142, and HR 810 all exhibited unusually good penetration. The
      bactericidal activity in infected cerebrospinal fluid was comparable for the four
      drugs.

PMID- 3838873
TI  - Dietary fat intake and taste responses to fat in milk by under-, normal, and
      overweight women.
AB  - Dietary fat intake, with special emphasis on dairy products, was estimated from
      questionnaires for 42 underweight, 80 normal weight, and 64 overweight adult
      women. Frequency of consumption of fresh and processed meats, frozen dairy
      desserts, pastries, and snacks such as potato chips was greater for the
      overweight than for the underweight subjects. However, preferences between
      verbally-described high- and low-fat versions of 14 food pairs did not differ by
      body size. Overweight subjects reported that they consumed more non-fat milk and
      less whole milk than did the other groups. Discrimination, perceived intensity,
      paired preference, and hedonic rating of fat in milk and in chocolate milk did
      not differ significantly according to body size, fat intake, or type of milk
      consumed. Ad libitum mixing of non-fat milk and "half and half" (12% fat) to
      individual levels of liking also showed no significant variation with body size.
      However, subjects with higher dietary fat intakes mixed to higher fat-preference
      levels in milk than did the low- and medium-fat intake subjects. Those reporting
      consumption of regular milk (3.5% fat) mixed to higher fat levels than did those
      who consumed low-fat (2% fat) or non-fat milk. The ad libitum procedure gave
      better reproducibility and appeared to be a more realistic measure of liking than
      the hedonic rating or paired-preference tests.

PMID- 3838874
TI  - Amino acid sequence of the phosphorylation site of bovine cardiac myosin light
      chain.
AB  - Amino acid sequences of peptides containing the phosphorylation site of bovine
      cardiac myosin light chain (L2) were determined. The site was localized to a
      serine residue in the tentative amino terminus of the light chain and is
      homologous to phosphorylation sites in other myosin light chains. Phosphorylation
      of bovine cardiac light chain by chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase was
      Ca2+-calmodulin dependent. Kinetic data gave a Km of 107; microM and a Vmax of
      23.6 mumol min-1 mg-1. In contrast to what has been observed with smooth muscle
      light chains, neither the phosphorylation site fragment of the cardiac light
      chain nor a synthetic tetradecapeptide containing the phosphorylation site were
      effectively phosphorylated by the chicken gizzard kinase. Phosphorylation of
      cardiac myosin light chains by chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase,
      therefore, requires other regions of the light chain in addition to a phosphate
      acceptor site.

PMID- 3838876
TI  - Location of glomerular lesions in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

PMID- 3838875
TI  - Effect of hyperthyroidism and its treatment on bone mineral content.
AB  - Patients with hyperthyroidism may develop osteopenia associated with fractures;
      however, there has been no general agreement on the incidence of osteopenia in
      hyperthyroidism or the recovery of the mineral loss after treatment of
      hyperthyroidism. We conducted a longitudinal prospective study on the effect of
      hyperthyroidism and its treatment on bone mineral content (BMC) using photon
      absorptiometry. We observed that both young and older hyperthyroid patients
      showed a significantly decreased baseline BMC compared with age- and sex-matched
      controls. We also observed a slight recovery of BMC in hyperthyroid patients at
      the two-year interval after a euthyroid state had been achieved. However, the BMC
      was still much lower than that of controls, and we did not find any significant
      restoration of BMC following "cure" of hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 3838877
TI  - Accuracy in clinical laboratories participating in regional quality control
      programs.
AB  - Few studies have assessed analytic bias (accuracy) in clinical chemistry
      laboratories. Using the data base of a large regional quality control program, we
      studied, during a six-year period, analytic bias of participant "all-methods"
      results, as well as selected commonly used individual methods, for calcium,
      cholesterol, glucose, potassium, and sodium. Analytic bias was assessed by
      comparison with "benchmark" measurements by United States Bureau of Standards
      definitive methods and/or United States Centers for Disease Control clinical
      reference methods. The all-methods bias at selected clinically relevant analyte
      levels was +0.1% at 10 mg/dL for calcium; -0.7% for cholesterol at 200 mg/dL;
      +4.5% for glucose at 120 mg/dL; +0.5% for potassium at 4 mmole/L; and 0% for
      sodium at 145 mmole/L. There was sufficient agreement between benchmark and
      participant all-methods results for these analytes to suggest that the all
      methods results may be useful analytic bias benchmarks in future regional quality
      control programs that use similar lyophilized human serum pools.

PMID- 3838878
TI  - Transfer data. A proposed international standard for interlaboratory information
      exchange.
AB  - Clinical laboratory information is composed of descriptive terms and
      corresponding codes that define patients, specimens, and tests. These basic units
      of information, or data elements, assume literal character content and sequences
      in clinical laboratory computer files and messages. The growing international use
      of computers for scientific data transfer highlights the need for standardized
      coding conventions that eliminate the ambiguities of language and scientific
      terminology. An international symposium of the Commission on World Standards of
      the World Association of Societies of Pathology recommends that international
      consensus standards be developed to insure the accurate transfer of scientific
      data between clinical laboratory computers while maintaining strict subject
      confidentiality. It is anticipated that such standards would be widely applicable
      to the storage and retrieval of medical information in computers throughout the
      world.

PMID- 3838879
TI  - Duplication of the pituitary gland and spinal cord.
AB  - Multiple malformations, including duplication of the pituitary gland, stalk, and
      infundibulum, and complex duplication of the spinal cord were observed in a
      female infant. The problems of classification of the spinal cord duplications are
      discussed, and the role of the notochord in the formation of double organs is
      proposed.

PMID- 3838880
TI  - Multiple cerebral defects in an infant exposed in utero to anticonvulsants.
AB  - A female infant exposed in utero to anticonvulsant therapy had bilateral
      encephaloceles, ventricular abnormalities, and defective neuronal migration. This
      is one of a few articles with pathologic data available that discusses central
      nervous system involvement in infants exposed to anticonvulsants.

PMID- 3838881
TI  - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in the newborn.
AB  - A newborn presented with respiratory distress syndrome that was felt to be both
      clinically and roentgenographically typical of hyaline membrane disease. At
      autopsy, the lungs were firm, dry, and bulky, and sections from all lobes
      revealed mucin-negative, periodic acid-Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant
      material typical of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Electron microscopy
      documented the lamellar structure of the intra-alveolar material. There was no
      clinical or autopsy evidence of immunodeficiency.

PMID- 3838882
TI  - Neuronal colonic dysplasia associated with short-segment Hirschsprung's disease.
      A possible cause of therapeutic failure.
AB  - We describe two cases of short-segment Hirschsprung's disease associated with
      neuronal colonic dysplasia. The recurrence of postoperative symptoms of bowel
      obstruction may be due to the combined occurrence of these two disorders.

PMID- 3838883
TI  - Evaluation of an automated method for leukocyte differential counts based on
      electronic volume analysis.
AB  - An electronic blood cell counter (Coulter S-plus IV) classifies leukocytes as
      lymphocytes, large mononuclear cells, or granulocytes based on volume after
      treatment with a reagent. Correlation coefficients as compared with stained film
      microscopy are .94 for lymphocytes, .91 for granulocytes, and .49 for mononuclear
      cells. As a screening tool, it could reduce the number of traditional manual
      differential cell counts. We devised criteria for identifying those specimens
      requiring additional visual examination, giving particular attention to "low
      density" abnormalities. Over 2,200 specimens were studied. Among 791 specimens
      obtained primarily from inpatients, the screening procedure yielded 267 true
      positive, 298 false-positive, 213 true-negative, and 13 false-negative specimens.
      The 1,216 specimens obtained primarily from outpatients included 54 true
      positive, 234 false-positive, 912 true-negative, and 16 false-negative specimens.
      All false-negative specimens represented low-density abnormalities. The
      usefulness of this approach is partially dependent on patient population.

PMID- 3838884
TI  - Effects of ethyl alcohol on human peripheral lymphocytes.
AB  - Chronic alcoholics are more susceptible to infection and have increased
      incidences of certain types of carcinomas. One explanation for this may be
      suppressed immune responses secondary to ethyl alcohol consumption. This project
      was initiated to study the effect of ethyl alcohol on lymphocyte responses in
      vitro by monitoring tritiated thymidine uptake. Lymphocytes were incubated in the
      presence of phytohemagglutinin-P, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen. The
      response of normal lymphocytes was noted after mitogen stimulation in the
      presence of ethyl alcohol in graded doses. Ethyl alcohol levels greater than or
      equal to 50 mg/dL suppressed tritiated thymidine uptake of normal lymphocytes for
      phytohemagglutinin-P and concanavalin A. Since ethyl alcohol exposure in
      concentrations consistent with blood levels that may be attained during routine
      ingestion significantly decreased lymphocyte blastogenesis, it is speculated that
      chronic ethyl alcohol ingestion may alter immune surveillance sufficiently to be
      responsible in part for the increased incidence of infection and/or neoplasms
      seen in alcoholic subjects.

PMID- 3838885
TI  - Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence in melanomas and other lesions. Diagnostic
      significance and mechanism of fluorescence.
AB  - We have investigated 40 cases of malignant melanoma (MM) and 81 other lesions
      including benign melanocytic neoplasms, other malignancies with a potential for
      confusion with MM, and tissues with biogenic amine-synthesizing apparatus for
      induction of formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF). Unstained sections were
      examined with an ultraviolet light source for yellowish fluorescence. Twenty-four
      of 27 primary cutaneous MMs and 11 of 13 metastatic MMs were positive.
      Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence was quenched by prior sodium borohydride
      treatment, suggesting monoamine origin. None of the ten intradermal, five
      junctional, or three blue nevi showed FIF, but two of eight compound nevi and two
      of six spindle cell nevi were positive for FIF. One of six large-cell
      undifferentiated carcinomas was positive; none of six mesenchymal sarcomas were
      positive; one of seven histiocytic lymphomas showed weak, granular, cytoplasmic
      fluorescence. Two of five carcinoid tumors and one case of medullary carcinoma of
      thyroid showed FIF. We conclude that FIF is a simple, reproducible, technique for
      aiding in the diagnosis of amelanotic melanomas.

PMID- 3838886
TI  - Widespread mucous metaplasia of the urinary bladder with nephrogenic adenoma.
AB  - We describe widespread metaplastic changes observed in nonexstrophic urinary
      bladder mucosa in a 32-year-old man. Extensive areas of the luminal surface were
      covered by two types of metaplastic epithelium. One type was bilayered while the
      other was single layered with columnar cells of varying electron density as well
      as mucus-secreting cells. An area of adenomatoid metaplasia was also observed.

PMID- 3838887
TI  - Clumping of erythroblasts simulating a metastatic neoplasm.
AB  - I describe an unusual case of artifactual clumping of erythroid cells in
      aspirated bone marrow particles, simulating a metastatic malignant small cell
      neoplasm. This was felt to be due to a combination of the technique of
      preparation of the smears, as well as a possible immunologic phenomenon secondary
      to the presence of membrane-bound antibody. The patient's peripheral red blood
      cells were shown to be coated with an IgG-specific antibody, possibly drug
      induced.

PMID- 3838888
TI  - Left pontine lipoma.
AB  - A 47-year-old man, with no significant medical history was found to have a lipoma
      on the left dorsolateral surface of the rostral pons during autopsy. The cause of
      death was arteriosclerotic heart disease, with the lipoma being an incidental
      finding. Neurologic lesions are being found more frequently due to computed
      tomography; it should also be expected that asymptomatic neurologic lesions will
      be found more frequently due to expansion of medical examiner systems in the
      United States.

PMID- 3838889
TI  - Polypoid traumatic neuroma of the gallbladder.
AB  - We report a case of polypoid traumatic (amputation) neuroma incidentally found in
      a gallbladder resected for cholelithiasis. This traumatic neuroma may have
      developed as the result of injury to the gallbladder during an unsuccessful
      cholecystectomy performed 20 years previously. Traumatic neuromas are known to
      arise at the stump of the cystic bile duct after cholecystectomy, but, to our
      knowledge, there seem to be no previous reports of traumatic neuromas arising in
      the gallbladder.

PMID- 3838890
TI  - An individualized approach to orbital decompression in Graves' orbitopathy.
AB  - With better understanding of the various techniques available for orbital
      decompression, the indications for surgical decompression in Graves' orbitopathy
      are now less rigid. Decompressions may be performed for (1) prolonged orbital
      congestion and pain, (2) orbital problems resistant to steroid treatment, (3)
      orbital problems where there have been steroid complications, (4) severe corneal
      exposure that cannot be treated with lid-lengthening surgery, and (5) the
      standard indication--Graves' optic neuropathy. Assessment of muscle size by
      computed tomographic scanning and ultrasound, as well as the measurement of
      orbital pressure, are important advances in the assessment of these patients. The
      lateral approach produces less strabismus and allows for exophthalmos reduction,
      especially if fascia temporalis is incised and if part of that muscle is removed.
      The inferomedial approach is advisable in patients with severe posterior optic
      neuropathy caused by apical crowding of the enlarged muscles, particularly the
      medial rectus. The two approaches may be combined in severe cases.

PMID- 3838891
TI  - Irreversible inhibition of delta 5-3-oxosteroid isomerase by 2-substituted
      progesterones.
AB  - 2 alpha-Cyanoprogesterone (I) and 2-hydroxymethyleneprogesterone (II) were
      synthesized and screened as irreversible active-site-directed inhibitors of the
      delta 5-3-oxosteroid isomerase (EC 5.3.3.1) from Pseudomonas testosteroni. Both
      compounds were found to inhibit the purified bacterial enzyme in a time-dependent
      manner. In either case the inactivated enzyme could be dialysed without return of
      activity, indicating that a stable covalent bond had formed between the inhibitor
      and the enzyme. Inactivation mediated by compounds (I) and (II) followed pseudo
      first-order kinetics, and at higher inhibitor concentrations saturation was
      observed. The competitive inhibitor 17 beta-oestradiol offered protection against
      the inactivation mediated by both compounds, and initial-rate studies indicated
      that compounds (I) and (II) can also act as competitive inhibitors yielding Ki
      values identical with those generated during inactivation experiments. 2 alpha
      Cyanoprogesterone (I) and 2-hydroxymethyleneprogesterone (II) thus appear to be
      active-site-directed. To compare the reactivity of these 2-substituted
      progesterones with other irreversible inhibitors of the isomerase, 3 beta-spiro
      oxiranyl-5 alpha-pregnan-20 beta-ol (III) was synthesized as the C21 analogue of
      3 beta-spiro-oxiranyl-5 alpha-androstan-17 beta-ol, which is a potent inactivator
      of the isomerase [Pollack, Kayser & Bevins (1979) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
      91, 783-790]. Comparison of the bimolecular rate constants for inactivation
      (k+3/Ki) mediated by compounds (I)-(III) indicated the following order of
      reactivity: (III) greater than (II) greater than (I). 2-Mercaptoethanol offers
      complete protection against the inactivation of the isomerase mediated by 2 alpha
      cyanoprogesterone (I). Under the conditions of inactivation compound (I) appears
      to be completely stable, and no evidence could be obtained for enolate ion
      formation in the presence or absence of enzyme. It is suggested that
      cyanoprogesterone inactivates the isomerase after direct nucleophilic attack at
      the electropositive 2-position, and that tautomerization plays no role in the
      inactivation event. By contrast, 2-mercaptoethanol offers no protection against
      the inactivation mediated by 2-hydroxymethyleneprogesterone, and under the
      conditions of inactivation this compound appears to exist in the semi-enolized
      form.

PMID- 3838892
TI  - Low immunogenicity of the common lipoamide dehydrogenase subunit (E3) of
      mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase multienzyme
      complexes.
AB  - The production of high-titre monospecific polyclonal antibodies against the
      purified pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase multienzyme
      complexes from ox heart is described. The specificity of these antisera and their
      precise reactivities with the individual components of the complexes were
      examined by immunoblotting techniques. All the subunits of the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes were strongly antigenic,
      with the exception of the common lipoamide dehydrogenase component (E3). The
      titre of antibodies raised against E3 was, in both cases, less than 2% of that of
      the other subunits. Specific immunoprecipitation of the dissociated N
      [3H]ethylmaleimide-labelled enzymes also revealed that E3 alone was absent from
      the final immune complexes. Strong cross-reactivity with the enzyme present in
      rat liver (BRL) and ox kidney (NBL-1) cell lines was observed when the antibody
      against ox heart pyruvate dehydrogenase was utilized to challenge crude
      subcellular extracts. The immunoblotting patterns again lacked the lipoamide
      dehydrogenase band, also revealing differences in the apparent Mr of the lipoate
      acetyltransferase subunit (E2) from ox kidney and rat liver. The additional 50
      000-Mr polypeptide, previously found to be associated with the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase complex, was apparently not a proteolytic fragment of E2 or E3,
      since it could be detected as a normal component in boiled sodium dodecyl
      sulphate extracts of whole cells. The low immunogenicity of the lipoamide
      dehydrogenase polypeptide may be attributed to a high degree of conservation of
      its primary sequence and hence tertiary structure during evolution.

PMID- 3838893
TI  - Studies on the inhibition of ferrochelatase by N-alkylated dicarboxylic
      porphyrins. Steric factors involved and evidence that the inhibition is
      reversible.
AB  - The structural requirements for the inhibition of ferrochelatase by N-alkylated
      porphyrins were investigated and experiments carried out to explore the mechanism
      of enzyme inhibition. Three dicarboxylic porphyrins, all substrates of the
      enzyme, are strongly inhibitory when N-alkylated; in contrast, uroporphyrin and
      coproporphyrin (which are not substrates) do not inhibit after N-alkylation. Free
      carboxylic acid functions are required for inhibition, as the methyl ester
      derivatives are not themselves inhibitory. Porphyrins bearing the alkyl group on
      the pyrrole nitrogen of rings C and D are less effective inhibitors, particularly
      when zinc is chelated in the centre of the tetrapyrrole or the N-alkyl group is
      relatively large in size. The substituents at the 2- and 4-positions of the
      porphyrin system may also affect the inhibitory activity, particularly for the
      isomers with ring C and D alkylated. The zinc chelates of several N
      alkylprotoporphyrins are inhibitory towards haem oxygenase, another haem-binding
      enzyme, and also in this case increasing the size of the alkyl group decreased
      the inhibitory activity, particularly for isomers with ring C or D alkylated. The
      inhibition could be reversed by prolonged incubation with excess porphyrin
      substrate, but dealkylation of the N-alkylporphyrin during enzyme inhibition
      could not be demonstrated. It is concluded (a) that N-alkylated dicarboxylic
      porphyrins compete reversibly with the porphyrin substrate for the enzyme active
      site and (b) that the structural and steric factors discussed above affect the
      inhibitory activity by modifying the affinity of the N-alkylporphyrin inhibitor
      for the enzyme.

PMID- 3838894
TI  - Response of normal and diabetic rat aorta to deendothelialization in terms of 6
      keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha synthesis and cholesterol accumulation.
AB  - The response of rat aorta to balloon catheter-induced denudation in terms of 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha synthesis and cholesterol accumulation was studied in normal and
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic animals. Initial studies in control rats showed
      that 1 day after deendothelialization, aortic 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was significantly
      reduced (31%), and this was normalized at 4 days after injury. However,
      endothelial regeneration as indicated by Evans blue staining was complete only at
      14 days after denudation. Diabetic aorta showed a more severe reduction of 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha production (50%) at 1 day after deendothelialization, but this was
      also normalized at 4 days after injury. Deendothelialization did not increase the
      accumulation of cholesterol in diabetic aorta. It is concluded that (a) recovery
      of PGI2 production in deendothelialized aorta does not parallel endothelial
      regeneration, indicating substantial contribution of subendothelial layer, in
      rats and (b) short-term aortic injury in diabetic rat will not influence the
      arterial repair process and cholesterol accumulation and is unlikely to be a
      contributing factor to increased atherogenesis.

PMID- 3838895
TI  - Essential fatty acids in diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
      patients.
AB  - Sera obtained from normal subjects and juvenile-onset diabetes (JD) and systemic
      lupus erythromatus (SLE) patients were examined for free fatty acid composition
      and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha content. In addition, prostaglandins in urine samples from
      normal and diabetic individuals were separated by HPLC, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      levels were monitored by RIA. Arachidonate (20:4) content in diabetic and SLE
      individuals were significantly lower than that of controls. Urine from diabetic
      individuals showed decreased levels of 6-keto-PG F1 alpha. The study also
      indicated that RIA measurements on crude biological samples may yield erroneous
      data due to immune cross reactivity with other compounds.

PMID- 3838896
TI  - Selective increase in dopamine metabolism in the prefrontal cortex by the
      anxiogenic beta-carboline FG 7142.

PMID- 3838897
TI  - The effects of computer science advancements on public health research.

PMID- 3838898
TI  - Cutaneous reactions to atracurium.

PMID- 3838899
TI  - Simple atracurium infusions.

PMID- 3838900
TI  - pH and atracurium.

PMID- 3838901
TI  - Prevalence of chlamydial eye infection in patients attending an eye clinic, a VD
      clinic, and in healthy persons.
AB  - Chlamydial eye infection was detected in 28 of 983 ophthalmological patients with
      conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis, with a peak frequency of over 9% in
      patients aged 16-20 years and with decreasing frequency thereafter. In patients
      aged 1 to 15 years chlamydial conjunctivitis was not observed. Chlamydial eye
      infection could not be detected in patients at a venereal diseases clinic, though
      chlamydial genital infection was rather frequent in these patients. Nor was
      Chlamydia trachomatis found in the eyes of healthy young adults. In patients with
      proved chlamydial conjunctivitis unilateral symptoms were the rule. Pseudoptosis
      was the most conspicuous presentation in two cases. A prolonged course can be
      expected in chlamydial eye infection if the condition is unrecognised and
      effective treatment delayed. The venereal background of the condition must also
      influence the management.

PMID- 3838902
TI  - Wheat germ agglutinin dimers bind sialyloligosaccharides at four sites in
      solution: proton nuclear magnetic resonance temperature studies at 360 MHz.
AB  - Equilibrium binding studies have been performed over a range of temperatures from
      25.4 to 47.3 degrees C between wheat germ agglutinin isolectin I (WGA I) and the
      alpha 2-3 isomer of (N-acetylneuraminyl)lactose (NeuNAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1
      4G1c). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 360 MHz has been used to
      monitor titrations in this system under conditions where the fraction of total
      ligand which is bound is small, yet the fractional occupation of sites covers a
      wide range. Several of the ligand resonances, including the N-acetyl methyl and
      the axial and equatorial hydrogens at carbon 3 of the NeuNAc residue, are shifted
      and broadened in the presence of WGA due to chemical exchange between the free
      and bound environments. The lifetime broadening of the N-acetyl resonance at room
      temperature of a series of related sialyloligosaccharides has been previously
      used by us to measure binding affinities to two WGA isolectins [Kronis, K.A., &
      Carver, J.P. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 3050-3057]. In this paper we report the
      temperature dependence of the apparent bound shifts and the apparent bound line
      widths of the N-acetyl, H3a, and H3e peaks. The true bound shifts for the three
      resonances have been obtained from these data by using the equations derived by
      Swift and Connick [Swift, T.J., & Connick, R.E. (1962) J. Chem. Phys. 37, 307
      320]. The total bound shifts, per monomer, were found to be -1.98, -4.0, and -0.8
      ppm for the N-acetyl, the H3a, and the H3e resonances, respectively.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3838903
TI  - Thermodynamics of wheat germ agglutinin-sialyloligosaccharide interactions by
      proton nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - The thermodynamic parameters that characterize the binding of wheat germ
      agglutinin isolectin I (WGA I) to the alpha 2-3 isomer of (N
      acetylneuraminyl)lactose have been determined by 360-MHz proton nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy. The chemical exchange of the ligand between the free and
      bound sites resulted in a broadening and upfield shifting of the N-acetyl methyl
      resonance [Kronis, K.A., & Carver, J.P. (1985) Biochemistry (preceding paper in
      this issue)] which has allowed the determination of the equilibrium constant, KD,
      and the dissociation rate constant, kD. In this paper, the analysis of the
      temperature dependence of the KD values between 25.4 and 51.6 degrees C yielded
      equilibrium parameters indicative of a large entropy barrier to binding: delta H
      degree = -13.3 +/- 1.0 kcal mol-1 and delta S degree = -31.9 +/- 2.4 cal mol-1 K
      1. The Arrhenius plot of the effect of temperature on the dissociation rate (kD)
      and the plot of 1n (kD/T) vs. 1/T indicated that the transition complex
      represented an unfavorable energy state compared to the dissociated molecules
      with an activation energy (EA) of +18.0 kcal mol-1 and enthalpy and entropy of
      dissociation (delta HD not equal to and delta SD not equal to) values of +17.4 +/
      0.3 kcal mol-1 and +13.4 +/- 1.2 cal mol-1 K-1, respectively. The driving force
      for this binding reaction is the large negative delta H degree with a small
      enthalpic barrier to association (delta HA = +4.1 kcal mol-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3838904
TI  - Semi-empirical conformational analysis of propranolol interacting with
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine.
AB  - A semi-empirical conformational analysis is used to compute the conformation of
      (+)-propranolol inserted in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. In a first step, the
      minimal conformational energy of the isolated molecule at the hydrocarbon-water
      interface is calculated as the sum of the contributions resulting from the Van
      der Waals, the torsional, the electrostatic and the transfer energies. Five pairs
      of conformers of minimal energy are determined. They are compared to data
      available from other experimental approaches. In a second step, they are
      assembled with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine at the interface. Although
      propranolol is considered in its protonated form, the electrostatic interaction
      with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine is negligible as compared to the Van der
      Waals interaction. The area occupied per propranolol molecule is between 0.53 and
      0.64 nm2/molecule. In the most probable modes of insertion of propranolol into
      the lipid layer, the naphthyl moiety of the compound interacts with the lipid
      acyl chains. The protonated amino group is located in the vicinity of the
      phosphate residue possibly causing an electrostatic interaction.

PMID- 3838905
TI  - The detection and classification of membrane-spanning proteins.
AB  - Discriminant analysis can be used to precisely classify membrane proteins as
      integral or peripheral and to estimate the odds that the classification is
      correct. Specifically, using 102 membrane proteins from the National Biomedical
      Research Foundation (NBRF) database we find that discrimination between integral
      and peripheral membrane proteins can be achieved with 99% reliability.
      Hydrophobic segments of integral membrane proteins can also be distinguished from
      interior segments of globular soluble proteins with better than 95% reliability.
      We also propose a procedure for determining boundaries of membrane-spanning
      segments and apply it to several integral membrane proteins. For the limited data
      available (such as on transplantation antigens), the residues at the boundaries
      of a membrane-spanning segment are predictable to within the error inherent in
      the concept of boundary. As a specific indication of resolution, seven membrane
      spanning segments of bacteriorhodopsin are resolved with no information other
      than sequence, and the predicted boundary residues agree with the experimental
      data on proteolytic cleavage sites. Several definitive but yet to be tested
      predictions are also made, and the relation to other predictive methods is
      briefly discussed. A computer program in FORTRAN for prediction of membrane
      spanning segments is available from the authors.

PMID- 3838906
TI  - Reutilization of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine by the
      pulmonary surfactant system in 3-day-old rabbits.
AB  - Developing rabbits reutilize the phosphatidylcholine of surfactant with an
      efficiency of about 95%. The efficiency of reutilization of other components of
      surfactant have not been determined. 3-day-old rabbits were injected
      intratracheally with [3H]dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) mixed with
      unlabeled natural surfactant and either disaturated [32P]phosphatidylglycerol
      (DSPG) or [14C]dipalmitoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine (DPPE). The recovery of
      [3H]DPPC, [14C]DPPE, and [32P]DSPG in the alveolar wash was measured at different
      times after injection. By plotting the ratio of [32P]DSPG to [3H]DPPC or
      [14C]DPPE to [3H]DPPC counts/min in the alveolar wash vs. time after injection we
      showed that these two phospholipids are reutilized less efficiently than
      phosphatidylcholine. Based on other studies, several assumptions were made about
      the kinetics of surfactant phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol.
      From the slopes of the semilog plots of total [14C]DPPE and total [32P]DSPG
      counts/min in the alveolar wash vs. time and these assumptions, we determined
      that these two phospholipids were reutilized at an efficiency of only 79%.

PMID- 3838907
TI  - 1,7-Diethylguanosine formation in tRNA chemical ethylation by ethionine and
      ethylnitrosourea.
AB  - The mechanism of ethionine carcinogenesis and more generally the relationship
      between alkylation of nucleic acids by chemical carcinogens and oncogenesis still
      remain obscure. In the present study the rat liver tRNA ethylation by L-[ethyl-1
      3H]ethionine was reinvestigated by examining in particular the highly radioactive
      'pyrimidine-nucleotide-like' fraction found earlier in acid hydrolysates of
      hepatic tRNA from ethionine-treated rats. The following results were obtained:
      (1) ultraviolet-spectral and chromatographic analyses showed the presence of 1,7
      diethylguanosine in this 'pyrimidine-nucleotide-like' fraction; (2) the dialkyl
      compound was recovered exclusively in the form of imidazole-ring-opened
      derivatives. When [1-14C]ethylnitrosourea was used as alkylating agent, the in
      vivo ethylation pattern of tRNA from various organs of rat showed an analogous
      radioactive 'pyrimidine-nucleotide-like' fraction as main radioactive product. On
      the contrary, tRNA ethylation pattern after in vitro reaction with [1
      14C]ethylnitrosourea exhibited a main radioactivity peak (85% of the total
      radioactivity recovered) in coincidence of the chromatographic area of 1,7
      diethylguanine. The 1,7-diethylguanosine moieties of tRNA were extremely labile
      both under physiological and alkaline conditions. The 1,7-diethylguanine
      associated radioactivity was completely lost from [14C]ethyl-tRNA after only 7 h
      incubation at 37 degrees C and pH 7.3, while at pH 11.4 this process was preceded
      by the conversion of the 1,7-diethylguanosine residues into imidazole-ring-opened
      derivatives.

PMID- 3838908
TI  - Role of 2-deoxy-D-glucose in the inhibition of phagocytosis by mouse peritoneal
      macrophage.
AB  - 2-Deoxy-D-glucose inhibits Fc and complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis of
      mouse peritoneal macrophages. To understand the mechanism of this inhibition, we
      analyzed the 2-deoxy-D-glucose metabolites in macrophages under phagocytosis
      inhibition conditions and conditions of phagocytosis reversal caused by glucose,
      mannose and 5-thio-D-glucose, and compared their accumulations under these
      conditions. Macrophages metabolized 2-deoxy-D-glucose to form 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6
      phosphate, 2-deoxy-D-glucose 1-phosphate, UDP-2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-deoxy-D
      glucose 1, 6-diphosphate, 2-deoxy-D-gluconic acid and 2-deoxy-6-phospho-D
      gluconic acid. The level of bulk accumulation as well as the accumulation of any
      of these 2-deoxy-D-glucose metabolites did not correlate with changes in
      macrophage phagocytosis capacities caused by the reversing sugars. 2-Deoxy-D
      glucose inhibited glycosylation of thioglycolate-elicited macrophage by 70-80%.
      This inhibition did not cause phagocytosis inhibition, since (1) the reversal of
      phagocytosis by 5-thio-D-glucose was not followed by increases in the
      incorporation of radiolabelled galactose, glucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine or
      fucose; (2) cycloheximide at a concentration that inhibited glycosylation by 70
      80% did not affect macrophage phagocytosis. The inhibition of protein synthesis
      by 2-deoxy-D-glucose similarly could not account for phagocytosis inhibition,
      since cycloheximide, when used at a concentration that inhibited protein
      synthesis by 95%, did not affect phagocytosis. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose lowered cellular
      nucleoside triphosphates by 70-99%, but their intracellular levels in the
      presence of different reversing sugars did not correlate with the magnitude of
      phagocytosis reversal caused by these sugars. The results show that 2-deoxy-D
      glucose inhibits phagocytosis by a mechanism distinct from its usual action of
      inhibiting glycosylation, protein synthesis and depleting energy supplies,
      mechanisms by which 2-deoxy-D-glucose inhibits other cellular processes.

PMID- 3838909
TI  - A novel microcomputer program to analyze the effect of coronary stenosis and
      occlusion on regional left ventricular segmental wall motion.

PMID- 3838910
TI  - Computer-controlled instrumentation system for measurement of breath-by-breath
      responses from exercising humans.

PMID- 3838911
TI  - Computer programming for the evaluation of dose-response activity of
      anticonvulsant compounds.

PMID- 3838912
TI  - A software package for stimulus presentation and real time data collection.

PMID- 3838913
TI  - [Use of a lumbar Ommaya reservoir for chemotherapy and analgesia].

PMID- 3838914
TI  - [Long-term peridural morphine analgesia in neoplastic and vascular pathology].
AB  - Epidural analgesia using morphine has been used on 44 patients with intractable
      chronic pain, resistant to analgesics (including opiates). The pain was due to
      cancer in 24 cases, of vascular origin in 20. An indwelling tunnelized epidural
      catheter afforded repeated injections of morphine for a long period (up to 129
      days) either in hospital or at home. The quality of analgesia achieved was rated
      as excellent or good, in 68 p. 100 of cases. Two cases only were total failures.
      Side effects, relatively common, were usually transient and minor; no case of
      respiratory depression or of infection has been recorded.

PMID- 3838915
TI  - [Comparison of morphine analgesia by peridural, subarachnoid and
      intracerebroventricular injections].

PMID- 3838916
TI  - [Prolonged administration of morphine via the intrathecal route].

PMID- 3838917
TI  - Effect of adroxazine, a heterocyclic compound of the adrenals, on the rate of
      replication of lymphoblastoid cells.
AB  - It has been found that the addition of 10(-2)-10(-8) microL/mL of adroxazine,
      heterocyclic compound of the adrenals, to the tissue culture medium increases the
      rate at which three strains of lymphoblastoid cells replicate. For example, the
      addition of 10(-5) micrograms/mL of adroxazine to cultured L5178Y cells decreases
      their doubling time from approximately 11 to 8 h and addition of 10(-3)
      micrograms/mL of adroxazine to the tissue culture medium of Huly-16 or Huly-29
      cells decreases their doubling time from approximately 43 to 34 and 36 h,
      respectively. Other concentrations of adroxazine, from 10(-2) to 10(-8)
      micrograms/mL, cause a less but measurable decrease in doubling time. The effect
      of adroxazine on the rate of incorporation of [3H]thymidine into acid
      precipitable material by lymphoblastoid cells was found to parallel the effect of
      adroxazine on doubling time. The effect of adroxazine on the length of DNA
      synthesis and mitosis was calculated from the percent of cells that are labeled
      with [3H]thymidine during a 20-min interval and the percent of cells in mitosis,
      respectively. Results showed that adroxazine does not decrease the length of DNA
      synthesis or mitosis, but markedly decreases the sum of pre- and post-mitotic
      resting times (TG2 + TG1). Addition of 10(-3) micrograms/mL of adroxazine to the
      medium decreases the resting times of Huly-16 cells from approximately 20 to 10 h
      and Huly-29 cells from approximately 12 to 5 h. Addition of 10(-5) micrograms/mL
      of adroxazine to the medium decreases the resting time of L5178Y cells from 3.3
      to 0.1 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3838918
TI  - Lumbar reservoir for intrathecal chemotherapy.
AB  - The Ommaya ventricular reservoir has been the standby of intrathecal chemotherapy
      for more than a decade, in spite of some specific drawbacks. A general
      anaesthetic is often required. The scalp must be shaven. Ventricular puncture may
      not always be easy and keeping the ventricular catheter patent is sometimes
      difficult. Hence the author has adapted a commercially available lumbar
      peritoneal shunt system to function as a lumbar intrathecal reservoir. The
      procedure is simple and can be performed expeditiously under local anaesthesia.
      To date, eight cases have received intrathecal chemotherapy by this means.

PMID- 3838919
TI  - Effects of triflusal in patients with prosthetic heart valves.
AB  - The biological effects of a new antiplatelet agent, triflusal, were evaluated in
      patients with cardiac valvular prostheses. Each patient received 900 mg/day of
      oral triflusal for 30 days. Triflusal significantly inhibited platelet
      aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (1 to 5 mumol) or epinephrine (12.5
      mumol), showing a slight effect on bleeding time (basal: 6 +/- 1.7 min; 30 days
      of treatment: 8.0 +/- 2.7 min). Serum levels of thromboxane B2 were significantly
      reduced during treatment, but changes in serum levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1
      alpha were not observed, suggesting that triflusal does not affect prostacyclin
      biosynthesis by the vascular wall. The results show that triflusal has a marked
      inhibitory and selective effect on platelet function in patients with cardiac
      valvular prostheses.

PMID- 3838920
TI  - Effects of atropine and pirenzepine on healing of gastric ulcer induced by
      mucosal excision in rats.
AB  - We studied the effects of atropine and pirenzepine on acid secretion induced by
      electrical vagal stimulation (EVS) and on healing of gastric ulcers after mucosal
      excision in rats. Both atropine (50, 125, and 250 micrograms/kg/hr) and
      pirenzepine (2.5, 5.0, and 12.5 mg/kg/hr), administered intraperitoneally,
      inhibited vagally stimulated acid secretion in a dose-dependent manner.
      Pirenzepine given at a rate of 0.25 mg/kg/hr had no effect on the acid secretory
      response to EVS. Either atropine (125 micrograms/kg/hr) or pirenzepine (2.5
      mg/kg/hr) given for one week caused an inhibition of approximately 80% in acid
      secretory response to EVS. The antisecretory dosage of pirenzepine caused a
      significant reduction in the surface area of the ulcer by the seventh
      postoperative day, whereas neither the antisecretory dosage of atropine nor the
      nonantisecretory dosage of pirenzepine significantly affected the size of the
      ulcer. We conclude that an antisecretory dosage of pirenzepine accelerates the
      healing of gastric ulcers produced in rats.

PMID- 3838921
TI  - [A universal system for collecting and evaluation physiologic data (the SHED
      system) at facilities equipped with the Z-80 microprocessor--description of the
      software system].

PMID- 3838922
TI  - Melphalan-resistant multiple myeloma: results of treatment according to the M-2
      protocol.
AB  - A group of 46 patients with melphalan-resistant multiple myeloma was treated
      according to the M-2 protocol with melphalan, prednisolone, BCNU,
      cyclophosphamide, and vincristine. According to the Salmon and Durie
      classification, four patients had stage II A; 36, stage III A; and six, stage III
      B disease. Treatment resulted in five patients (11%) entering remission, while 21
      (46%) had stable and 20 (43%) had progressive disease. The median survival for
      all patients was 12.5 months, patients in remission surviving longer (median 46
      months) than those with stable disease (median 15.4 months) or progressive
      disease (median 6.9 months). Compared with other treatment regimens used in
      melphalan-resistant myeloma, the remission rate is low but the median survival
      exceeds that reported by most other authors.

PMID- 3838923
TI  - Animal models for protecting ischemic myocardium: results of the NHLBI
      Cooperative Study. Comparison of unconscious and conscious dog models.
AB  - The Animal Models for Protecting Ischemic Myocardium Study was undertaken for the
      purpose of developing reproducible animal models that could be used to assess
      interventions designed to limit infarct size. This paper describes the results
      obtained in an unconscious dog model and in a conscious dog model, developed in
      three participating laboratories. The unconscious dog model, involving
      reperfusion after 3 hours of ischemia in open-chest dogs, was intended to
      determine whether therapy followed by early reperfusion would limit infarct size
      more than reperfusion alone. The conscious dog model used chronically
      instrumented dogs and permanent coronary occlusion to better mimic myocardial
      infarction in man. In both models, the proximal circumflex artery was occluded,
      and the primary experimental endpoint was infarct size, as measured by
      histological techniques 3 days after the initial occlusion. Infarct size was
      analyzed in relation to baseline variables including the anatomic area at risk,
      collateral blood flow to the subepicardial zone of ischemia and hemodynamic
      determinants of myocardial metabolic demand. Most of the variation in infarct
      size in control dogs could be related to variation in the area at risk,
      collateral blood flow, and rate pressure product. Using multivariate analysis and
      groups of 15 dogs, an intervention that limited infarct size by 10-13% of the
      area at risk would have been detected 50% of the time. Larger treatment effects
      would be detected more readily, and smaller effects often would be missed, unless
      group sizes were larger. Two drugs, verapamil and ibuprofen, were evaluated in
      both models, with experimental group sizes averaging 13 and 20 dogs, in the
      unconscious and conscious models, respectively. Three of 15 verapamil-treated
      dogs in the unconscious model study had much smaller infarcts than expected from
      baseline parameters. With these exceptions, neither drug limited infarct size in
      either model.

PMID- 3838924
TI  - Reflex inhibition of the quadriceps after meniscectomy: lack of association with
      pain.
AB  - We have examined the severity and duration of reflex inhibition of quadriceps
      activation after arthrotomy and meniscectomy, its relationship with pain, and the
      effect of local anaesthesia on this relationship. Fourteen men, on completion of
      medial meniscectomy by arthrotomy, received either 10 ml (B10 group) or 15 ml
      (B15 group) of 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride ('Marcaine Plain') into the knee,
      or no injection (control group). Reflex inhibition of quadriceps was measured as
      the percentage reduction, from the ipsilateral preoperative value, in the
      integrated surface electromyogram recorded during maximal voluntary isometric
      contractions with the knee in extension. Pain during each contraction was
      recorded on a linear analogue scale. Unoperated limbs showed no evidence of
      quadriceps inhibition. In the operated limbs, at 1-2 h post-operatively, controls
      had both severe inhibition (median = 62%) and severe pain on attempting a maximal
      quadriceps contraction. The B10 group had similar inhibition but less pain (P
      less than or equal to 0.005, Wilcoxon 2-sample, 1-tailed test). In the B15 group
      both inhibition (P less than or equal to 0.05) and pain (P less than or equal to
      0.01) were less than in the controls. These effects of bupivacaine had been lost
      by 4-5 h post-operatively. At 3-4 days, inhibition was still severe (median =
      75%) in all three groups of patients but pain was only mild or absent. At 10-15
      days, median inhibition was still 35%, but there was little or no pain. We
      conclude that postmeniscectomy inhibition is not simply due to perceived pain but
      is due, at least in part, to stimuli from the knee.

PMID- 3838925
TI  - BMY28142, cefbuperazone (T-1982), and Sch 34343. Antimicrobial activity against
      94 anaerobes compared to seven other antimicrobial agents.
AB  - Three new beta-lactams were evaluated against 94 anaerobic strains representing
      15 species using a Wilkins-Chalgren broth microdilution method. The penems, Sch
      29482 and Sch 34343, were most active with all minimum inhibitory concentrations
      (MICs) at less than or equal to 4.0 micrograms/ml and MIC90s of less than or
      equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml. BMY 28142 had a more limited antianaerobic activity
      against Bacteroides fragilis with a MIC50 and MIC90 of 32 and 128 micrograms/ml,
      respectively. Cefbuperazone (T-1982) had low B. fragilis MICs (MIC90, 8.0
      micrograms/ml), but potentially resistant range MIC90 results for the other
      species in the B. fragilis group and Clostridium species.

PMID- 3838926
TI  - Elevated plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in patients in septic shock.
AB  - Central venous plasma concentrations of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF1
      alpha), the stable hydrolysis product of prostacyclin (PGI2, a vasodilator and
      antiaggregatory metabolite of arachidonic acid), were determined in patients with
      septic shock. In eight nonsurvivors, the median plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha level
      was 229 pg/ml (range 31 to 21,998), compared to 30 pg/ml (range 22 to 194) in six
      survivors. In three control patients who were not septic or in shock, the levels
      were less than 4 pg/ml. This study demonstrates that human septic shock is
      associated with elevated plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and raises the
      possibility that increased PGI2 formation may play a role in human septic shock.

PMID- 3838927
TI  - Endoscopic laser therapy for respiratory distress due to obstructive airway
      tumors.
AB  - Neodymium-YAG laser therapy for unresectable malignant airway obstructions has a
      promising future. Nine patients with moderate to severe respiratory distress all
      experienced rapid relief of dyspnea and substantial improvement in pulmonary
      function within hours to days after treatment with laser phototherapy. The
      quality of life and survival was improved in otherwise hopeless cases. A nonfatal
      case of pneumothorax was the only major complication.

PMID- 3838928
TI  - Intracranial hypertension secondary to tension subcutaneous emphysema.
AB  - A patient with severe closed head injury and tension subcutaneous emphysema
      developed intracranial hypertension unresponsive to conventional treatment.
      Subcutaneous air drainage controlled the intracranial pressure. The subcutaneous
      pressure was directly correlated with intracranial pressure.

PMID- 3838929
TI  - Acid neutralizing capacities and protective effect of sucralfate.

PMID- 3838930
TI  - The evaluation of a pocket computer as an aid to insulin dose determination by
      patients.
AB  - A small and inexpensive computer was programmed to assist patients in making
      decisions regarding insulin delivery using constant subcutaneous infusion
      systems. Insulin dosage was based on gender, pre- and postprandial blood glucose,
      between-meal blood glucose, patient weight, time of day, and when appropriate,
      the carbohydrate content of food ingested. The system was self-adjusting based on
      postprandial and fasting blood glucose levels. A developmental phase in which the
      computer program was refined was undertaken with five highly trained type I
      patients using an insulin infusion pump. Then, based on the suggestions made by
      these patients, a final program was used by these same five patients for 1 mo.
      Computer-assisted insulin delivery resulted in lower mean blood glucose (162
      versus 130 mg/dl) and hemoglobin A1c (7.2% versus 5.8%) values when compared with
      precomputer values. In addition, there was a significant increase in the
      frequency of blood glucose testing during the computer-assisted periods in that
      patients monitored their blood glucose 4.9 times per day during the physician
      alone period whereas a mean of 7.5 glucose tests were performed during the
      computer-assisted periods. Patient response to the concept was overwhelmingly
      favorable. These studies demonstrate that computer-assisted insulin-delivery
      decision making is feasible, acceptable to patients already accustomed to pump
      use, safe, effective, and may provide a savings in terms of professional time.

PMID- 3838931
TI  - The primary structure of the imported mitochondrial protein, ornithine
      transcarbamylase from rat liver: mRNA levels during ontogeny.
AB  - Ornithine transcarbamylase, one of the enzymes of the urea cycle in ureotelic
      organisms, is synthesized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes as a precursor larger
      than the mature form found in the mitochondrial matrix. We deduced the amino acid
      sequence of the precursor of ornithine transcarbamylase from rat liver from the
      nucleotide sequence of overlapping cDNA clones spanning the complete coding
      region, 3' untranslated region, and most of the 5' untranslated region of the
      mRNA. The mature enzyme consists of 322 amino acids and is derived from the
      larger precursor by proteolytic removal of 32 amino acids from the amino
      terminus. The amino-terminal extension contains eight basic and no acidic
      residues. This highly basic character appears to be a feature of presequences on
      cytoplasmically synthesized mitochondrial proteins. Comparison of the amino acid
      sequence determined for the enzyme from rat with that from human liver (Horwich
      et al., 1984) shows that there is a high degree of homology between the sequences
      of the mature protein (93%) and relatively less homology between the sequences of
      the amino-terminal extension (72%). The ornithine transcarbamylase from rat liver
      also shows a considerable degree of amino acid homology (44%) with the enzyme
      from Escherichia coli (Van Vliet et al., 1984) and leads to suggestions about
      residues involved in substrate binding and catalysis. An analysis of levels of
      RNA in fetal and neonatal liver shows that ornithine transcarbamylase mRNA levels
      increase from about 40% of adult levels at day 14 of gestation to a peak at day
      20 of gestation, and, after a drop around the time of birth, rises to adult
      levels during the second week after birth.

PMID- 3838932
TI  - Correlation functions in the analysis of visual evoked potentials.
AB  - Our "vision" laboratory has been working for several years on stimulation methods
      and data processing. We present here the results of an analysis of correlation
      functions between VEPs obtained by flashes and patterned stimulations. This study
      provides additional information about possible interpretations.

PMID- 3838933
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D-binding protein are both decreased in
      streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
AB  - Calcium and vitamin D metabolism were studied in streptozotocin-treated rats up
      to 10 days after the induction of diabetes. Proteinuria, hypercalciuria, and
      hyperphosphaturia appeared as early as 3 days after diabetes induction and were
      reversed by insulin. The serum proteins and fasting calcium concentrations were
      decreased in untreated diabetic rats. The concentration of serum vitamin D
      binding protein (DBP) was higher in male than in female control rats (mean +/-
      SD; 555 +/- 73 vs. 348 +/- 28 mg/liter, P less than 0.001). When sequentially
      measured in male untreated diabetic rats, DBP concentration steadily decreased.
      Compared with control values, DBP was reduced 19%, 28%, and 32% on days 3, 6, and
      10, respectively, after induction of diabetes in male rats. In female animals,
      DBP was reduced 22% on day 10 of diabetes. DBP concentration was corrected by
      insulin treatment of diabetic rats and remained normal in streptozotocin-treated
      animals that did not develop diabetes. The serum concentration of 25
      hydroxyvitamin D3 was similar in both sexes and was not affected by diabetes.
      Like DBP, the concentration of total 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] was
      higher in male than in female control rats (120 +/- 24 vs. 96 +/- 17 ng/liter, P
      less than 0.001), but 10 days after induction of diabetes this concentration
      decreased by 37% and 29% in male and female rats, respectively. The free 1,25
      (OH)2D3 concentration, estimated from the molar 1,25-(OH)2D3/DBP ratio, was
      similar in both sexes and was not decreased by diabetes. We conclude that
      experimental diabetes in the rat induces a decrease in DBP concentration and a
      concomitant decrease in total but not in free 1,25-(OH)2D3 concentrations. This
      may indicate that diabetes decreases circulating 1,25-(OH)2D3 concentrations
      through alterations in DBP levels.

PMID- 3838934
TI  - A nonamidated peptide homologous to porcine peptide YY and neuropeptide YY.
AB  - A 37-residue peptide has been purified from the endocrine pancreas of the
      anglerfish. The first 36 residues were sequenced by gas phase Edman degradation.
      The sequence at the carboxyl-terminus was determined by sequencing the carboxyl
      terminal tryptic dipeptide. The sequence of the peptide, which is consistent with
      the amino acid composition, was determined to be: Y X P X P X K X P X E X T X P X
      G X S X N X A X S X P X E X D X W X A X S X Y X Q X A X A X V X R X H X Y X V X N
      X L X I X T X R X Q X R X Y X G. Fast atom bombardment/mass spectrometry of the
      peptide identified a molecular ion with an average mass of 4221.3, in good
      agreement with the theoretical mass based upon the determined amino acid
      sequence. The peptide has an equal degree of sequence identity to both porcine
      neuropeptide YY (64%) and gastrointestinal peptide YY (64%), but less sequence
      identity to porcine pancreatic polypeptide (47%). Unlike the related mammalian
      peptides, the major form of the anglerfish peptide terminates in tyrosyl-glycine
      rather than tyrosineamide.

PMID- 3838935
TI  - Purification and properties of carboxypeptidase G2 from Pseudomonas sp. strain RS
      16. Use of a novel triazine dye affinity method.
AB  - A folate-degrading enzyme, carboxypeptidase G2, has been purified on a large
      scale from Pseudomonas sp. strain RS-16. Homogeneous enzyme was obtained by a
      three-step procedure involving ion-exchange chromatography and a novel triazine
      dye (affinity) chromatography step which utilizes Zn2+ to promote adsorption of
      the enzyme. Enzyme was selectively eluted by the use of a chelating agent (EDTA)
      and a step change in pH. The enzyme is a dimeric protein (Mr 83000) with two
      identical subunits of 41800 and contains four atoms of zinc per enzyme molecule,
      which are required for full activity. The enzyme follows Michaelis-Menten
      kinetics with Km values of 4.0 microM for folate, 8.0 microM for methotrexate and
      34.0 microM for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the predominant form of reduced folate
      found in plasma.

PMID- 3838936
TI  - 1,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid. A novel cyclic amino
      acid from halophilic phototrophic bacteria of the genus Ectothiorhodospira.
AB  - A novel cyclic amino acid was detected in and subsequently isolated from
      extremely halophilic species of the bacterial genus Ectothiorhodospira. The
      structure of this new compound was elucidated by a combination of nuclear
      magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques and mass spectrometry. 1,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2
      methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid is only accumulated within the cytoplasm under
      certain growth conditions and seems to serve an osmoregulatory function. There is
      no previous reference to this molecule in the chemical literature and we,
      therefore, propose to use the trivial name 'ectoine', due to its discovery in
      members of the bacterial genus Ectothiorhodospira. (formula: see text).

PMID- 3838937
TI  - Binding of N-dansylgalactosamine to the lectin from Erythrina cristagalli as
      followed by stopped-flow and pressure-jump relaxation kinetics.
AB  - The binding kinetics of N-dansylgalactosamine to the lectin from Erythrina
      cristagalli have been studied using stopped-flow and pressure-jump chemical
      relaxation by monitoring ligand fluorescence. Both methods gave results which are
      consistent with a simple bimolecular association reaction. The association rate
      constant, k + 1 = 4.8 X 10(4) M-1 s-1, is far too low to be controlled by
      diffusion; the dissociation rate is 0.4-0.66 s-1, depending upon the method of
      determination and the experimental conditions. Identical reaction-rate parameters
      were obtained at pH 7.3, where soluble aggregates can be present in the lectin
      solution and at pH 4.7 where such aggregates are absent. The slow rates of
      carbohydrate binding seem to be characteristic for most lectins and lend support
      to the idea that they are evolutionary related and have structurally similar
      binding sites. Analysis of the relaxation amplitudes of the pressure-jump
      experiments yielded a molar reaction volume change, delta V0, upon binding of +7
      ml/mol. This volume change can be caused by desolvation of the ligand upon
      binding.

PMID- 3838939
TI  - A non-peroxide norsesterterpene from a marine sponge Hyrtios erecta.
AB  - A new norsesterterpene, hyrtial 4, and known sesterterpenes, 1-3, have been
      isolated from an anti-inflammatory active crude extract of the sponge Hyrtios
      erecta.

PMID- 3838938
TI  - Primary structure of delta subunit precursor of calf muscle acetylcholine
      receptor deduced from cDNA sequence.
AB  - Clones carrying cDNA sequences for the delta subunit precursor of the
      acetylcholine receptor from calf skeletal muscle have been isolated. Nucleotide
      sequence analysis of the cloned cDNA has indicated that this polypeptide consists
      of 516 amino acids including a hydrophobic prepeptide of 21 amino acids. The
      delta subunit of the calf muscle acetylcholine receptor, like the alpha, beta and
      gamma subunits of the same receptor as well as the alpha and gamma subunits of
      its human counterpart, exhibits structural features common to all four subunits
      of the Torpedo electroplax receptor, apparently being oriented across the
      membrane in the same manner as proposed for the fish receptor subunits. The
      degree of amino acid sequence homology between the calf and Torpedo delta
      subunits (60%) is comparable to that between the beta subunits (59%) and to that
      between the gamma subunits (56%), but is lower than that between the alpha
      subunits of the two species (81%). This suggests that the alpha subunit evolved
      more slowly than the three other subunits. A dendrogram representing the sequence
      relatedness among the four subunit precursors of the mammalian and fish
      acetylcholine receptors has been constructed. Some regions of the delta subunit
      molecule, including the region containing the putative disulphide bridge and that
      encompassing the clustered putative transmembrane segments M1, M2 and M3, are
      relatively well conserved between calf and Torpedo. The relative pattern of
      regional homology is similar for all four subunit precursors.

PMID- 3838940
TI  - Antihepatoxic constituents of Garcinia kola seeds.
AB  - Kolaviron, a fraction of defatted methanolic extract and biflavanones of Garcinia
      kola seeds significantly antagonized the lethal poisoning of mice with
      phalloidin. Garcinia biflavanones GB1, GB2 and kolaflavanone were isolated as the
      active constituents.

PMID- 3838941
TI  - Product of extracellular-superoxide dismutase catalysis.
AB  - Extracellular-superoxide dismutase is a tetrameric enzyme containing four copper
      atoms. It has previously been shown to catalyse the decay of the superoxide
      radical, but the resulting product was not determined. In a xanthine oxidase
      xanthine system in which about 30% of the electron flux resulted in superoxide
      radical formation, accumulation of hydrogen peroxide was determined. Catalysis of
      superoxide radical decay by extracellular-superoxide dismutase was found to
      result in hydrogen peroxide formation. The catalysed reaction is thus identical
      to those of previously investigated superoxide dismutases. Human manganese
      superoxide dismutase was also found to dismute the superoxide radical to hydrogen
      peroxide and water.

PMID- 3838942
TI  - Increased level of calcitonin mRNA after 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 injection in
      the rat.
AB  - Vitamin D metabolites are able to change plasma calcitonin (CT) levels, but
      nothing is known about a possible effect at the CT gene level. Here we have
      investigated the acute effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on the
      CT biosynthetic activity of thyroid glands from adult rats. Plasma CT levels were
      significantly increased (X2) 1 and 2 h after 1,25-(OH)2D3 injection in the face
      of unchanged plasma calcium values. The thyroidal CT content also was unchanged.
      A 2-fold increase in CT mRNA level measured by dot-blot hybridization occurred 1
      and 2 h after 1,25-(OH)2D3 administration. Expression of CT gene products was
      examined in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate cell-free translation assay. After
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, specific immunoprecipitates were
      autoradiographed and quantified by integration. A single precursor of Mr
      approximately equal to 15 000 could be specifically immunoprecipitated with CT
      antisera. A 3-4-fold rise in translatable CT mRNA activity was observed 1 and 2 h
      after 1,25-(OH)2D3 injection. Thus, parallel changes in CT mRNA level, CT mRNA
      activity and plasma CT levels were observed in adult female rats after
      administration of 1,25-(OH)2D3. These findings demonstrate for the first time
      that 1,25-(OH)2D3 enhanced CT gene expression in the face of unchanged plasma
      calcium levels.

PMID- 3838943
TI  - Trypsin activation of porcine procolipase. Kinetics of activation and effects on
      lipid binding.
AB  - The kinetics of trypsin activation of pancreatic procolipase was investigated and
      the pH dependence of the binding of procolipase and colipase to a tributyrine
      bile salt interface studied. The Km was 0.06 mM and kcat 8 s-1, and was of the
      same order of magnitude as for the activation of pancreatic zymogens. At basic pH
      values colipase had a higher affinity for the tributyrine-bile salt interface as
      compared to procolipase. The trypsin activation of procolipase ensures a rapid
      degradation of dietary lipids in the intestine.

PMID- 3838944
TI  - 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) stimulates proliferation of human
      circulating monocytes in vitro.
AB  - Previous studies demonstrated that human circulating monocytes can proliferate in
      vitro when incubated with lectin-induced factor(s) from lymphocytes [(1985)
      Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., in press]. This study shows that human monocytes
      were induced to proliferate when incubated with 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
      (calcitriol) at physiological concentrations. The optimal dose was about 10 nM.
      Proliferative activity was examined both by measuring the [3H]thymidine
      incorporation and by counting cell nuclei. Among other derivatives of vitamin D3,
      1 alpha,24R-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1 alpha,24R,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3
      stimulated mitotic activity of monocytes. Addition of both calcitriol and lectin
      stimulated lymphocyte-conditioned medium to the monocyte culture had an
      additional effect on the mitotic activity of monocytes.

PMID- 3838945
TI  - Synthesis and functional activity of translation initiation regions in mRNA. 20
      base polyribonucleotides from the replicase gene of phage MS2 and fr.
AB  - Three 20-base polyribonucleotides, AAACAUGAGGAAUACCCAUG (I), AAACAUGAGGAAAACCCAUG
      (II), AAACAUGAAGAAUACCCAUG (III), corresponding to the minimal initiation region
      for the replicase gene of phage MS2 and fr or having some differences were
      synthesized using enzymatic methods. The template activity of the synthesized
      polynucleotides in initiation and their capacity to bind phage coat protein were
      studied under conditions optimal for native mRNA. Polynucleotides I and II
      exhibit template activity comparable to that of the native phage RNA fragments.
      Polynucleotide III with the destroyed SD sequence dit not manifest any functional
      activity either as template or in binding to MS2 phage coat protein.

PMID- 3838946
TI  - Modulation of striatal enkephalinergic neurons by antipsychotic drugs.
AB  - In this paper we review the detailed mechanisms underlying the modulation of
      enkephalinergic neurons by dopaminergic neurons in rat striatum. Several lines of
      evidence, which showed that striatal levels of [Met5]enkephalin (ME) increase
      after the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway was interrupted by hemitransection
      or direct administration of 6-hydroxydopamine to the substantia nigra, or after
      repeated injections of either reserpine or haloperidol, suggest that dopamine
      (DA) plays an important role in regulating the metabolism of ME-containing
      neurons in the striatum. The increase in ME content after repeated injections of
      haloperidol was found in areas heavily innervated by DA neurons such as striatum
      or nucleus accumbens but not in hypothalamus, brain stem, and hippocampus.
      Further studies suggest that striatal cholinergic interneurons may partially
      mediate the action of haloperidol on enkephalinergic neurons. Several studies
      have been carried out to determine whether the elevation of striatal ME content
      after haloperidol treatment was caused by an increase in the synthesis or by a
      decrease in the utilization of ME. The rate of decline of striatal ME content in
      haloperidol-treated rats was steeper than that of controls after intraventricular
      injection of cycloheximide, which indicated that haloperidol accelerates the
      turnover of ME. This hypothesis was confirmed by our recent findings that the
      level of mRNA coding for preproenkephalin A, determined by cell-free translation
      and blot hybridization with cDNA clones, is increased after repeated injections
      of haloperidol.

PMID- 3838947
TI  - The effect of naproxen on the concentration of prostaglandins in human seminal
      fluid.
AB  - Whole ejaculates were examined for their content of prostaglandins (PGs) during
      medication with 250 mg naproxen three times daily for 2 weeks. Six volunteers
      delivered semen samples before, periodically during, and after the period of
      medication. During treatment with naproxen, the concentration of PGE, PGF, 19
      hydroxy-PGE, and 19-hydroxy-PGF significantly decreased. One week after cessation
      of medication the PG concentration had returned almost to that found before
      treatment. The four 19-hydroxy-PGF compounds could be determined separately and
      the relation between them estimated. The proportion of 8 alpha-19-hydroxy-PGF2
      alpha increased, whereas that of 8 beta-19-hydroxy-PGF1 alpha decreased
      significantly during the medication period. No significant influence of the
      treatment on sperm density or motility could be observed. It is concluded that
      treatment with naproxen, a potent inhibitor of PG synthesis, significantly
      reduces the concentration of all PGs present in human seminal fluid. The
      implication of the effect on human fertility is discussed.

PMID- 3838948
TI  - Testicular feminization with incomplete Mullerian regression.

PMID- 3838949
TI  - [Use of microcomputers for calculating cardio- and hemodynamics parameters based
      on the data of tetrapolar transthoracic impedance rheoplethysmography].

PMID- 3838950
TI  - [Effect of the delta-sleep peptide on erythrocyte membrane function during low
      temperature exposure].
AB  - 3-day effect of low temperature increases the amount of extraerythrocyte
      hemoglobin by 64% in the blood serum, the activity of glucose-6
      phosphatedehydrogenase increasing by 231%. Administration of 6.12 or 18
      micrograms/100 g body weight of the delta-sleep peptide (DSIP) induces on change
      in amount of extraerythrocyte hemoglobin in the blood serum of intact rats. 6
      micrograms/100 g DSIP increases the activity of glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase
      by 251.6%; 12 micrograms/100 g-- by 165.6%; 18 micrograms/100 g--by 90.6%. The
      normalizing effect on the level of extraerythrocyte hemoglobin and activity of
      glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase in low ambient temperature occurs at the dose of
      DSIP 12 micrograms/100 g body weight. The DSIP stabilizes the erythrocyte
      membranes in low temperature.

PMID- 3838951
TI  - [A radioimmunoassay of 6-keto PG F1 alpha using [125I]-6-keto PG F1 alpha
      tyramide].
AB  - We established a radioimmunoassay of 6-keto PG F1 alpha, using 125I-6-keto PG F1
      alpha-tyramide, which enabled us more easily to monitor the plasma levels of
      prostacyclin in clinical fields. Antibodies against 6-keto PG F1 alpha were
      obtained from rabbits immunized with 6-keto PG F1 alpha-BSA complex, which could
      be used for RIA at a final dilution of 1:648,000. The detection limit of 6-keto
      PG F1 alpha was 50-1000 pg/ml. The cross reactivities between PG I2 and PG F1
      alpha were 26.6% and 1.62% respectively, but those between other prostaglandins
      were less than 1%. Using this radioimmunoassay with 125I-6-keto PG F1 alpha
      tyramide, plasma levels of 6-keto PG F1 alpha were measured. The recovery rate by
      this assay was 92.9%, and the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation
      determined were 9.9% and 27.1%, respectively. The mean of plasma levels of 6-keto
      PG F1 alpha revealed 126.2 +/- 75.3 (mean +/- S.D.) pg/ml in 46 healthy Japanese
      males, 122.7 +/- 85.2 pg/ml in 60 females, and 124.2 +/- 81.3 pg/ml in 106
      Japanese of both sexes.

PMID- 3838952
TI  - Technical expertise is necessary in system selection.

PMID- 3838953
TI  - Autoanti-thyroglobulin production in obese chickens: influence of age and sex as
      measured by ELISA.
AB  - The kinetics of serum autoantibody production against thyroglobulin (Tg) was
      examined in two strains of chicken using an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay
      (ELISA). Both strains are homozygous for the B13 haplotype. The OS strain
      develops spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis at several weeks of age while the Sp.
      C strain, which serves as the control for the OS strain, has virtually
      undetectable autoantibody levels as determined by hemagglutination assay (HA).
      Serum autoantibody levels in both strains were monitored bi-weekly from 6 through
      14 weeks of age post-hatching, using both the ELISA and HA techniques. With the
      more sensitive ELISA, absolute serum autoantibody concentrations were determined
      and both the Sp. C and OS strains were found to have readily detectable serum
      autoantibodies against Tg; however, the OS did have significantly higher
      autoantibody levels than the Sp. C strain. In the latter strain, autoantibodies
      increased significantly with age while the pattern was somewhat reversed in the
      OS strain. The ELISA revealed that the decline of Tg autoantibodies with age in
      the OS strain was restricted primarily to males, with females maintaining
      constant levels of autoantibodies. In contrast, the HA detected only the
      differences in autoantibody levels between the OS and Sp. C strains.

PMID- 3838955
TI  - Use of interferon in the management of patients with subacute sclerosing
      panencephalitis.
AB  - Six patients (five male, one female) with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
      were treated with purified lymphoblastoid interferon, using a combination of
      intravenous and lumbar intrathecal routes. The first symptoms of the disorder
      occurred between seven and 16 years of age, and the length of the illness before
      treatment varied from 1 1/2 to 12 months. All six patients were in the first
      clinical stage of the disorder. After a limited period of follow-up there has
      been no clinical improvement. Nil or low levels of interferon were found in CSF
      two hours after intravenous injection, but CSF levels of interferon were
      maintained for at least 24 hours after intrathecal injections. Side-effects of
      interferon included pyrexial reactions, especially after high-dose intravenous
      therapy (six), lethargy (four), a transient rise in blood pressure (two) and a
      reduction in platelet count (six). Staphylococcus epidermidis was grown from the
      CSF of one patient.

PMID- 3838954
TI  - Synthesis of surfactant lipids in developing rat lung: studies with isolated
      alveolar type-II cells.

PMID- 3838956
TI  - Pseudotumor cerebri associated with hypovitaminosis A and hyperthyroidism.
AB  - Pseudotumor cerebri, or benign intracranial hypertension, is relatively rare in
      children. A 12-year-old girl with Hashimoto hyperthyroidism and hypovitaminosis A
      is described, who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for pseudotumor cerebri.

PMID- 3838957
TI  - Distinct properties of receptors for Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) isolated
      from small intestine of adult mice and endoderm cells of early embryos and
      teratocarcinomas.
AB  - Receptors for Dolichos biflorus agglutinin are only expressed in severely
      restricted cell populations of the mouse. The receptors were isolated from mouse
      embryos, teratocarcinoma cells, and the small intestine of adult mice. Upon SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, all of the receptor preparations migrated as
      distinct glycoprotein bands; the apparent molecular weights were more than 150
      kilodaltons in all cases. The sizes of the carbohydrate moieties determined by
      gel filtration after alkaline NaBH4 treatment appeared to correlate with the
      status of cell differentiation. Thus, as has previously been reported, the
      receptors from teratocarcinoma OTT6050 and embryonal carcinoma cells (F9 and N4
      1) contained large amounts of high-molecular-weight carbohydrates eluted near the
      excluded volume of a Sephadex-G-50 column. The receptors from 6.5-day embryos
      also contained high-molecular-weight carbohydrates, whose average molecular
      weight was lower than those obtained from OTT6050, F9, or N4-1. The receptors
      from PYS-2 parietal endoderm cells, END-C-2 visceral endoderm cells, and the
      small intestine did not contain significant amounts of the large carbohydrates.
      These results illustrate the complex nature of the cell-surface changes
      accompanying cell differentiation.

PMID- 3838958
TI  - Serological analysis of early mouse embryo with rat monoclonal antibodies
      produced against mouse teratocarcinoma cells.
AB  - Rat-mouse hybridoma antibodies were produced against mouse teratocarcinoma F9 or
      PCC4 aza1 cells, and four clones were established. Both the F11 (IgM) and F20
      (IgG2c) antibodies showed a similar specificity, reacting only with
      nullipotential teratocarcinoma cells. They were also found to agglutinate sheep
      red blood cells. Solid-phase enzyme-linked immunofluorescence assay showed that,
      among the neutral glycolipids studied, they only reacted with the Forssman
      antigen. P2 antibody (IgG2b) reacted with the undifferentiated-type and embryonal
      endodermtype teratocarcinoma cells. During the preimplantation stage, this
      antibody did not stain mouse embryos, but it reacted very weakly with the inner
      cell mass of blastocysts cultured in vitro. In the 5th-day embryo, the embryonic
      ectoderm as well as the visceral and parietal endoderm were positive, but the
      extraembryonic ectoderm was not. Mesoderm of the 7.5th-day embryo also reacted
      with this antibody. However, P2 antigen was not observed in the 16th-day embryo
      or in adult tissues. F2 antibody (IgG2a), which was reactive with all of the
      cultured cell lines tested, showed an immunoreaction with mouse embryos
      throughout the preimplantation stage. However, in the 7.5th-day embryo, the
      presence of F2 was limited to the cells forming the parietal endoderm. This
      antigen was present in some epithelial tissues of the 16th-day embryo and adult
      mouse. Of these antigens, P2 and F2 are probably novel differentiation antigens
      of the early mouse embryo. Together with the Forssman antigen, these will be
      important markers for analyzing cell-surface antigens of mouse teratocarcinoma
      cells as well as embryos.

PMID- 3838959
TI  - Computer applications to endoscopic practice. A/S/G/E National Postgraduate
      Endoscopy Course II. January 19-21, 1984, San Francisco, California. Symposium.

PMID- 3838960
TI  - Microcomputers and consultation psychiatry in the general hospital.
AB  - The microcomputer allows for the design of a system that functions integrally
      with both the day-to-day and long-term needs of a consultation-liaison
      psychiatric service. This article describes a microcomputer system and data
      structure that can accomplish many of the same research tasks as a minicomputer
      system. In addition, the same data item inputs can be used to develop management
      reports that can facilitate the administrative as well as the pedagogic needs of
      a consultation-liaison service. Because of the daily availability and review of
      output reports, supervisors' corrections are made that enhance the reliability of
      the data. The program format provides 1) an intake form with pertinent
      identifying demographic data; 2) an activity file that contains every encounter
      between the consultant and the patient as well as research, supervisory, and
      liaison activities (which permit cost-effectiveness analysis); 3) a master
      clinical data base containing 255 variables for each case seen; 4) a computer
      generated chart note; 5) letters to referring physicians; 6) clinical activity
      descriptions for billing; and 7) a file for pertinent literature searches. Since
      certain analyses may be limited in the microsystem, its interactive capacity with
      mainframe computers allows for complex functions. The microsystem described
      presently emphasizes flexibility, accessibility, and step-by-step development of
      files as needed by a particular consultation-liaison service. Finally,
      microcomputers are available at a fraction of the cost of the minicomputer or
      mainframe systems.

PMID- 3838961
TI  - Discussion on the use of computers in consultation-liaison psychiatry.

PMID- 3838962
TI  - Coeliac disease presenting with intestinal pseudo-obstruction.

PMID- 3838963
TI  - [Clark implantable auditory prosthesis. Prerequisites and technic; report on the
      cochlear implant project of the ENT clinic of the Medical School in Hannover].

PMID- 3838964
TI  - Effects of the calcium antagonist, diltiazem on in vitro and in vivo/in vitro
      bone resorption.
AB  - The effect of the calcium antagonist diltiazem on bone resorption in organ
      culture has been investigated. It was found that diltiazem was ineffective alone
      but that in concentrations above 5 mumol/l it reduced mineral and organic
      resorption induced in vitro by 1.25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (1.25 (OH)2D3). No
      additivity with calcitonin effects was observed. Diltiazem did not significantly
      affect bone resorbing activity stimulated by 24,25(OH)2D3. Bone resorption was
      measured by an in vivo/in vitro technique using 45Ca prelabelled mice. Compared
      with 1.25(OH)2D3 alone treated group (0.480 pmol/g), it was found that diltiazem
      (100 nmol/g) reduced bone resorption without effect on calcium and phosphorus
      plasmatic concentrations at death. These data suggest that such a calcium
      antagonist is able to inhibit 1.25-(OH)2D3-increased-bone resorption either in
      vitro or in vivo/in vitro.

PMID- 3838965
TI  - Chromosomes of human sperm: variability among normal individuals.
AB  - The chromosomal constitution of 2468 human sperm cells has been investigated by
      fusion of human sperm with hamster eggs. The overall frequency of cells with
      structural aberrations was 7.7%, ranging from 1.9% to 15.8%, and varying
      significantly among individuals. The highest frequency occurred in sperm from the
      oldest donor (49 years), who also had had a vasectomy reversal three years prior
      to sampling. The overall aneuploidy frequency was 1.7%, ranging from 0.6% to
      3.1%. In nine out of ten donors from whom blood samples were available the
      frequency of sperm cells with structural aberrations was higher than that for
      lymphocytes. Two previously reported donors (Brandriff et al. 1984) were
      resampled after an interval of 14 and 16 months respectively, and were each found
      to have similar frequencies of sperm chromosome abnormalities at both sampling
      times. A father-son pair included in the study had several chromosome breakpoints
      in common, although no more frequently than unrelated individuals.

PMID- 3838966
TI  - A multichannel counter/timer interface for the acquisition of neuronal spike
      trains.

PMID- 3838968
TI  - Diet, blood pressure, and multicollinearity.
AB  - Recent reports of an inverse association between dietary calcium intake and
      hypertension stimulated this analysis of the relationship of blood pressure to
      more than 20 dietary factors among a group of 8000 Japanese men in Hawaii.
      Reported intakes of potassium, calcium, protein, and milk were all inversely
      associated with blood pressure levels when examined one at a time while
      controlling for other risk factors. Alcohol intake was directly associated with
      blood pressure, and was treated as a confounding variable in the analysis. The
      association of potassium intake with blood pressure was relatively stronger than
      the associations for other nutrients, but the intake of potassium was so highly
      correlated with intakes of calcium, milk, and protein that it was not
      statistically possible to identify the independent association of potassium and
      blood pressure. Calcium intake was strongly correlated with milk and potassium
      intakes, and only calcium from dairy sources was associated with blood pressure.
      These data thus indicate that several dietary factors are inversely related to
      blood pressure levels independently of other risk factors such as age, body mass,
      and alcohol intake. The high degree of intercorrelation (multicollinearity) among
      these dietary factors, however, indicates that the independent role of any
      specific nutrient cannot be conclusively separated from the possible effects of
      other nutrients in this type of study.

PMID- 3838967
TI  - An H-2K gene of the tw32 mutant at the T/t complex is a close parent of an H-2Kq
      gene.
AB  - Two recombinant mice have been recovered from the progeny of Ttf/tw32 + animals.
      They have lost the tw32 lethality factor(s) and gained tufted, presumably from
      the T chromosome. Southern blot analysis of class I genes of these two new
      partial tPA027 and tPA286 haplotypes indicates that they have retained at least
      part of the major histocompatibility complex of the tw32 chromosome (H-2
      haplotype H-2w28). We have prepared a phage library of Eco RI-digested DNA from
      homozygous tPA027 animals. Upon screening the library with a cDNA probe specific
      for H-2K genes, we isolated a class I gene displaying all of the distinctive
      features of a genuine H-2K gene, and which could thus be defined as an H-2Kw28
      gene. The H-2Kw28 gene is 92-95% homologous to H-2Kb and H-2Kd genes and differs
      significantly from the other class I genes sequenced so far. Homology with the H
      2Kb sequence reaches nearly 100% in the 3' part of the H-2Kw28 gene. Moreover,
      the homology with an H-2Kq cDNA sequence reaches 99.8%. Several hypotheses can
      account for the near identity of H-2Kb, H-2Kq, and H-2Kw28 gene sequences: either
      recombination between H-2w28 and H-2b and H-2q sequences occurred before or at
      the time the strain was established, or the class I genes of the tw32 chromosome
      and the H-2b and H-2q genes found in inbred strains of mice have separated from
      each other rather recently.

PMID- 3838970
TI  - New aspects on the pathophysiology of wound infection and wound healing--the
      problem of lowered oxygen pressure in the tissue.
AB  - There is a correlation between tissue oxygen tension, incidence of infection and
      disturbance of wound healing. Scientific investigations in recent years have
      documented that infection and tissue repair are processes consuming oxygen.
      Animal experiments have shown that oxygenation of the tissue is essential for the
      elimination of pathogens, the stimulation of phagocytosis as well as for the
      degradation of dead tissue structures and the synthesis of new tissue structures.
      Hypoxia and hypovolemia are of crucial significance for the impairment of organ
      functions. An effective therapy for disorders of oxygenation has not been
      feasible so far, except for clinical anesthesiological efforts to increase the
      oxygen saturation of hemoglobin and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. However, it has
      recently been possible to synthesize an oxygen carrier which supports respiratory
      oxygen physiologically. With tetrachlorodecaoxide (TCDO), a causal therapeutic
      concept for the topical treatment of infected hypoxic wounds with chronic
      disturbance of wound healing has been introduced for the first time.

PMID- 3838969
TI  - Evaluation of BW942C, a novel antidiarrheal agent, against enterotoxins of
      Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae.
AB  - BW942C, an enkephalin-like pentapeptide with anti-diarrheal activity, was tested
      against crude toxins of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae in the Y-1 adrenal
      cell assay, rabbit ileal loop assay, and suckling mouse assay. The effects of
      BW942C on in vitro ion transport were measured in rabbit ileum mounted in Ussing
      chambers. In vitro, BW942C decreased basal short-circuit current (2.26 and 3.15
      mueq cm-2 h-1 in experimental samples and controls, respectively; n = 7, P less
      than 0.05) and increased basal net Cl absorption (1.59 and 0.50 mueq cm-2 h-1 in
      experimental samples and controls, respectively; P less than 0.025). Net Na
      absorption was also increased, but not significantly. BW942C did not block the
      secretory response to a maximal dose of purified heat-stable toxin. BW942C
      directly enhanced intestinal fluid absorption. In the Y-1 adrenal cell assay, 5
      mg of BW942C per ml inhibited the cytopathic effect caused by cholera toxin or
      heat-labile enterotoxin of E. coli. In the rabbit ileal loop assay, E. coli heat
      stable toxin, E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin, and cholera toxin were inhibited
      35 to 70% by administration of BW942C. With the suckling mouse model, the fluid
      accumulation caused by E. coli heat-stable toxin was ablated by prior treatment
      with BW942C. The drug is currently being evaluated in patients with acute
      secretory diarrhea to determine its effect on clinical symptoms.

PMID- 3838972
TI  - Intrathecal orgotein.
AB  - During the period 1971-78, 133 intrathecal injections of orgotein or superoxide
      dismutase have been given, mostly to patients with multiple sclerosis. Evaluation
      of the effect was deficient but the impression was that of improvement and 45% of
      the 58 patients with multiple sclerosis requested further intrathecal injections.
      In one case, intrathecal injections had a good effect against allergic headaches
      after myelography. Determination of orgotein in samples of cerebrospinal fluid
      from 16 patients with multiple sclerosis gave remarkable results in that the
      content of orgotein was significantly lower than the level reported by other
      investigators.

PMID- 3838971
TI  - Augmentin bioavailability following cimetidine, aluminum hydroxide and milk.
AB  - Previous studies [Jackson et al. 1980] have shown that the bioavailability of
      Augmentin is not affected by food. The present work has shown that aluminum
      hydroxide, milk and cimetidine do have some influence on the bioavailability of a
      single dose of oral Augmentin, but the small differences observed are unlikely to
      be of therapeutic importance. It is concluded that Augmentin may be administered
      in clinical practice with any of these substances.

PMID- 3838973
TI  - Vitrectomy. Clinical data and cytologic findings of vitrectomy specimens.
AB  - Fifty vitreous specimens obtained by routine pars plana vitrectomies were
      examined using Millipore filter processing and Papanicolaou staining technique.
      Cytological findings comprised of macrophages (melanophages, siderophages) and
      inflammatory cells, mainly lymphocytes. In a few cases, pigmented an nonpigmented
      epithelial cells of the ciliary body were encountered, retinal sensory cells only
      in one case. Fibroblasts and fragments of granulation tissue occurred in four of
      the 14 diabetic cases, in four of the 21 posttraumatic cases, in one case of
      chronic uveitis as well as in one case of retrolental fibroplasia. Fragments of
      ciliary body were in three specimens from injured eyes. In one case of chronic
      uveitis slight suspicion of ciliary body melanoma was aroused on the basis of
      distinct cellular atypia. There was agreement between clinical and cytological
      diagnosis in most cases, but particularly in posttraumatic and inflammatory
      diseases cytologic examination offered new diagnostic data. This is a new method
      of microscopical verification of the condition in the vitreous body in various
      diseases. Our experiences are preliminary but we feel that this method has proven
      its availability.

PMID- 3838974
TI  - Distribution of spectrin and lectin-binding materials in surface lamina of RPE
      cells.
AB  - Explants of embryonic chick retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) form colonies in
      primary cultures in which the cells occupying the center of the colony are
      cuboidal, pigmented, and resemble closely the differentiated RPE cells found in
      vivo, while those towards the periphery gradually become less differentiated,
      flatter, nonpigmented, and motile. In the present article we describe the
      distribution of alpha-spectrin in cells in different parts of the RPE colony and
      compare it with that of the surface lamina components that bind the lectins,
      concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Spectrin is present
      predominantly in the cell cortex in both differentiated and undifferentiated
      cells and seems to be accumulated especially heavily in the differentiated RPE
      cells in the colony center that have acquired the in vivo morphology. The
      distribution of lectin-binding materials in the surface lamina of the RPE cells
      is similar but not identical to that of alpha-spectrin. This is particularly
      evident in the flatter RPE cells along the edge of the colony in which surface
      lamina components visualized by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-WGA are
      distributed in the punctate pattern that is distinctly different from the
      reticular pattern in which alpha-spectrin is distributed. Also, in cells of the
      intermediate and central zones, strong staining along the edge of the cells was
      seen with antibodies to alpha-spectrin but not with FITC-WGA. Thus, a
      codistribution similar to that reported for the spectrin-like proteins and WGA
      binding material in mesenchymally derived cells is not found in RPE cells.

PMID- 3838975
TI  - Hemoglobin kenitra alpha 2 beta 2 69 (E13) Gly----Arg. A new beta variant of
      elevated expression associated with alpha-thalassemia, found in a Moroccan woman.
AB  - Hemoglobin Kenitra is a new variant of the beta chain alpha 2 beta 2 69 (E13) Gly
      ---Arg which does not produce any clinical symptoms. It is a slow-moving
      hemoglobin with a distinctive pattern of electrophoretic mobilities. The
      stability test was negative. Oxygen affinity studies were not performed. It was
      found in association with alpha-thalassemia and microcytosis, but paradoxically a
      high expression of the variant (55%) was observed.

PMID- 3838976
TI  - A new unstable, high oxygen affinity hemoglobin: Hb Nagoya or beta 97 (FG4) His--
      -Pro.
AB  - An unstable hemoglobin was detected by isopropanol and heat precipitation tests
      in a 49-year-old Japanese man suffering from acute exacerbation of a chronic
      hemolytic disorder which was apparently triggered by infection of cholelithiasis.
      One of his two sons carried the same abnormal hemoglobin, and was jaundiced, but
      otherwise healthy, without anemia. The abnormal hemoglobin focused at a slightly
      more anodic position than Hb A in thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrofocusing.
      The abnormal beta chain emerged after normal beta chain in reverse phase high
      performance liquid chromatography of the hemolysate. It comprised 16.7% and 25.5%
      of the total beta chain in the propositus and his son, respectively. The
      partially heme-depleted abnormal beta subunit was precipitated with p
      chloromercuribenzoic acid, and the abnormal beta chain was isolated by urea CM
      cellulose column chromatography. Structural analysis demonstrated substitution of
      proline for histidine at position 97 (FG4) in the beta chain. The abnormal
      hemoglobin was purified by ion-exchange column chromatography. It showed a
      hyperbolic oxygen equilibrium curve indicating a high oxygen affinity and the
      absence of cooperative intersubunit interaction. Subunit dissociation seemed to
      be slightly enhanced. The variant was markedly susceptible to oxidation and
      rapidly lost heme upon oxidation.

PMID- 3838977
TI  - Hb Volga or alpha 2 beta 2 27(B9)Ala----Asp in an Italian family.

PMID- 3838978
TI  - Specificity of cytochemical demonstration of adenylate cyclase in liver using
      adenylate-(beta, gamma-methylene) diphosphate as substrate.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase activity was demonstrated cytochemically in rat liver for the
      first time under the light microscope using cryostat sections mounted on glass
      cover slips and fixed with 1% glutaraldehyde for 1 min. Adenylate-(beta, gamma
      methylene)diphosphate (AMP-P(CH2)P) was introduced as a new substrate for
      adenylate cyclase. It was found that adenylate cyclase was distributed
      heterogenously within the liver lobule. The enzyme activity was stronger in the
      area surrounding the central vein. A more specific localization at the plasma
      membrane and less unspecific background was obtained with AMP-P(CH2)P as compared
      to adenylylimidodiphosphate (AMP-P(NH)P). The specificity of the enzyme reaction
      using AMP-P(CH2)P was proved by increased formation of reaction product in the
      presence of 0.05 mg/ml glucagon and 0.125 mg/ml cholera toxin, as well as by
      inhibition of the reaction with 0.05 mg/ml alloxan. These effects were also
      observed at the electron microscopic level. On the other hand, no increase in
      reaction was observed in the presence of glucagon with AMP-P(NH)P as a substrate
      for adenylate cyclase, and only a weak activation was observed after adding
      cholera toxin; alloxan-inhibition was not complete. These effects may be due to
      the presence of enzymes which hydrolyze AMP-P(NH)P nonspecifically, superimposing
      on the product of adenylate cyclase activity. We therefore suggest the use of AMP
      P(CH2)P as substrate for histochemical adenylate cyclase demonstration in the
      liver.

PMID- 3838979
TI  - Chlorocardicin, a monocyclic beta-lactam from a Streptomyces sp. II. Isolation,
      physico-chemical properties and structure determination.
AB  - Chlorocardicin, a novel monocyclic beta-lactam, was isolated from the
      fermentation broth of a Streptomyces sp. by the use of non-ionic porous resin and
      reverse phase chromatography. This chlorine-containing antibiotic is structurally
      related to nocardicin A. Its physico-chemical characteristics and detailed NMR
      analysis are described.

PMID- 3838980
TI  - Mechanisms of aminoglycoside-resistance of Streptomyces harboring resistant genes
      obtained from antibiotic-producers.

PMID- 3838981
TI  - HR 810 and BMY-28142, two new cephalosporins with broad-spectrum activity: an in
      vitro comparison with other beta-lactam antibiotics.
AB  - The in-vitro activity of the new parenteral cephalosporins, HR 810 (HR) and BMY
      28142 (BMY), was compared with that of other beta-lactam antibiotics, including
      cefotaxime, against a total of 315 recent clinical isolates and characterized
      beta-lactamase producers. An agar dilution procedure was used to determine MICs
      and two inocula (10(4) and 10(6) cfu) were used throughout. Against all species
      of the Enterobacteriaceae tested, both HR and BMY were as active as, or slightly
      more active than, cefotaxime. HR differed from cefotaxime mainly in being eight
      fold more active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two-fold more active against
      Staphylococcus aureus. BMY was also eight-fold more active than cefotaxime
      against Ps. aeruginosa but was two-fold less active than the latter against
      Staph. aureus. Both new compounds had good activity against Haemophilus
      influenzae, including the beta-lactamase producing strains of that species, and
      both had poor activity against the Bacteroides fragilis group (MIC90 greater than
      128 mg/l).

PMID- 3838982
TI  - Diet and duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 3838983
TI  - Glycinin A3B4 mRNA. Cloning and sequencing of double-stranded cDNA complementary
      to a soybean storage protein.
AB  - The cDNA clones encoding the precursor form of glycinin A3B4 subunit have been
      identified from a library of soybean cotyledonary cDNA clones in the plasmid
      pBR322 by a combination of differential colony hybridizations, and then by
      immunoprecipitation of hybrid-selected translation product with A3-mono-specific
      antiserum. A recombinant plasmid, designated pGA3B41425, from one of six clones
      covering codons for the NH2-terminal region of the subunit was sequenced, and the
      amino acid sequence was inferred from the nucleotide sequence, which showed that
      the mRNA codes for a precursor protein of 516 amino acids. Analysis of this cDNA
      also showed that it contained 1786 nucleotides of mRNA sequence with a 5'
      terminal nontranslated region of 46 nucleotides, a signal peptide region
      corresponding to 24 amino acids, an A3 acidic subunit region corresponding to 320
      amino acids followed by a B4 basic subunit region corresponding to 172 amino
      acids, and a 3'-terminal nontranslated region of 192 nucleotides, which contained
      two characteristic AAUAAA sequences that ended 110 nucleotides and 26 nucleotides
      from a 3'-terminal poly(A) segment, respectively. Our results confirm that
      glycinin is synthesized as precursor polypeptides which undergo post
      translational processing to form the nonrandom polypeptide pairs via disulfide
      bonds. The inferred amino acid sequence of the mature basic subunit, B4, was
      compared to that of the basic subunit of pea legumin, Leg Beta, which contained
      185 amino acids. Using an alignment that permitted a maximum homology of amino
      acids, it was found that overall 42% of the amino acid positions are identical in
      both proteins. These results led us to conclude that both storage proteins have a
      common ancestor.

PMID- 3838984
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA specific for rat ribosomal protein S11.
AB  - A cDNA clone specific for rat ribosomal protein S11 was isolated by hybrid
      selected translation from the cDNA library made for 8-9 S poly(A) RNA from
      regenerating rat liver. Since this cDNA had not enough length, another clone was
      selected by colony hybridization using a fragment of isolated cDNA as a probe.
      The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA was determined. The sequence contains 2 base
      pairs from the 5' noncoding region, the entire coding region of 477 base pairs,
      and the 3' noncoding region of 55 base pairs besides the poly(A) tail. The
      primary structure of the protein S11 was deduced from the nucleotide sequence. It
      consists of 157 amino acids. Its molecular weight is 18,299. The calculated amino
      acid composition is consistent with the reported composition of S11 determined on
      the protein hydrolysate. The amino acid sequence showed a marked homology with
      that of S16 of Halobacterium cutirubrum and an appreciable homology with that of
      S17 of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 3838985
TI  - Amino acid sequence homologies between rabbit, rat, and human serum retinol
      binding proteins.
AB  - The main transporting protein for vitamin A in rabbit serum, the retinol-binding
      protein (RBP), was isolated and its amino acid sequence determined. Rabbit RBP
      was found to be highly homologous to human RBP, whose amino acid sequence was
      elucidated earlier, and to rat RBP. The rat RBP sequence was obtained by
      combining information deduced from the nucleotide sequences of two overlapping
      cDNA clones with the NH2-terminal sequence of the isolated protein determined by
      automated Edman degradation. The identity between the three proteins is
      approximately 90%. The high degree of homology between RBP molecules from
      different species is probably explained by the fact that RBP participates in at
      least three types of molecular interactions: in the binding of prealbumin, in the
      interaction with retinol, and in the recognition of a specific cell surface
      receptor. All these interactions should lead to a conservation of RBP structure.
      The amino acid differences between rabbit, rat, and human RBP are discussed in
      light of the recent elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of human RBP.
      Hybridization of a probe isolated from a rat RBP cDNA clone to restriction enzyme
      digested genomic DNA from rat and mouse suggests that RBP is encoded by a single
      gene.

PMID- 3838986
TI  - Wound-induced proteinase inhibitors from tomato leaves. II. The cDNA-deduced
      primary structure of pre-inhibitor II.
AB  - A cDNA containing the complete amino acid-coding region of wound-induced tomato
      Inhibitor II was constructed in the plasmid pUC9. The open reading frame codes
      for 148 amino acids including a 25-amino acid signal sequence preceding the N
      terminal lysine of the mature Inhibitor II. The Inhibitor II sequence exhibits
      two domains, one domain having a trypsin inhibitory site and the other a
      chymotrypsin inhibitory site, apparently evolved from a smaller gene by a process
      of gene duplication and elongation. The amino acid sequence of tomato leaf
      Inhibitor II exhibits homology with two small proteinase inhibitors isolated from
      potato tuber and an inhibitor from eggplant. The small potato tuber inhibitors
      are homologous with 33 amino acids of the N-terminal domain and 19 amino acids
      from the C-terminal domain. Two identical nucleotide sequences of Inhibitor II
      cDNA in the 3' noncoding region were present that were also found in an Inhibitor
      I cDNA. These include an atypical polyadenylation signal, AATAAG, and a 10-base
      palindromic sequence, CATTATAATG, for which no function is yet known.

PMID- 3838987
TI  - Mechanisms of enhancement of cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity by
      lipolysis.
AB  - Lipoprotein lipase enhances the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)
      mediated transfer of cholesteryl esters from plasma high density lipoproteins
      (HDL) to very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). In time course studies the
      stimulation of cholesteryl ester transfer by bovine milk lipase was correlated
      with accumulation of fatty acids in VLDL remnants. As the amount of fatty acid
      poor albumin in the incubations was increased, there was decreased accumulation
      of fatty acids in VLDL remnants and a parallel decrease in the stimulation of
      cholesteryl ester transfer by lipolysis. Addition of sodium oleate to VLDL and
      albumin resulted in stimulation of the CETP-mediated transfer of cholesteryl
      esters from HDL to VLDL. The stimulation of transfer of cholesteryl esters into
      previously lipolyzed VLDL was abolished by lowering the pH from 7.5 to 6.0,
      consistent with a role of lipoprotein ionized fatty acids. CETP-mediated
      cholesteryl ester transfer from HDL to VLDL was also augmented by phosholipase A2
      and by a bacterial lipase which lacked phospholipase activity. When VLDL and HDL
      were re-isolated after a lipolysis experiment, both lipoproteins stimulated CETP
      activity. Postlipolysis VLDL and HDL bound much more CETP than native VLDL or
      HDL. Lipolysis of apoprotein-free phospholipid/triglyceride emulsions also
      resulted in enhanced binding of CETP to the emulsion particles. Incubation
      conditions which abolished the enhanced cholesteryl ester transfer into VLDL
      remnants reduced binding of CETP to remnants, emulsions, and HDL. In conclusion,
      the enhanced CETP-mediated transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to VLDL during
      lipolysis is related to the accumulation of products of lipolysis, especially
      fatty acids, in the lipoproteins. Lipids accumulating in VLDL remnants and HDL as
      a result of lipolysis may augment binding of CETP to these lipoproteins, leading
      to more efficient transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to VLDL.

PMID- 3838988
TI  - Guanine nucleotide regulation of a mammalian myocardial muscarinic receptor
      system. Evidence for homo- and heterotropic cooperativity in ligand binding
      analyzed by computer-assisted curve fitting.
AB  - Highly purified dog heart sarcolemmal membranes, with a content of approximately
      5 pmol of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR)/mg of protein, were analyzed
      for mAChR-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and ligand binding in the
      absence and the presence of guanine nucleotides. Adenylyl cyclase was found to be
      coupled to the mAChR, being attenuated approximately 30% in a GTP-dependent
      manner. Direct binding studies, using 3H-labeled oxotremorine M, showed high
      affinity binding (apparent KD = 10 nM) that was reduced on nucleotide addition.
      Dose-response curves for GDP, GTP, and guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate showed them
      to be equipotent. On the basis of pirenzepine binding, only one type of mAChR,
      commonly referred to as M2, was detected. Direct binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl
      benzilate [( 3H]QNB) uncovered 50% more binding sites than 150 nM 3H-labeled
      oxotremorine M; addition of guanine nucleotides uncovered the existence of
      positive cooperativity in the binding of [3H]QNB. Agonist displacement curves of
      [3H]QNB binding, without and with guanine nucleotides, extended over several
      orders of magnitude, which is inconsistent with single site competitive kinetics.
      The results and their analysis by computer-assisted curve fitting indicated that
      the data are well fitted by a model in which a receptor is at least bivalent and
      exists in two states: one with and the other without cooperativity between its
      sites, with guanine nucleotides decreasing both the degree of cooperativity
      between the sites and the proportion of the receptor that is in the cooperative
      form. Since the guanine nucleotide effect is mediated by the Ni coupling protein,
      it is suggested that direct binding detects R'Ni complexes (cooperative), R"NiG
      complexes (cooperative but distinct from R'Ni), and R0 complexes (non-cooperative
      and unaffected by Ni or NiG), where R = mAChR, Ni = the inhibitory regulatory
      component of adenylyl cyclase unaffected by guanine nucleotide, and NiG = Ni
      affected by guanine nucleotide (G).

PMID- 3838989
TI  - Complete cDNA and protein sequence of a pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile
      induced cytochrome P-450. A representative of a new gene family.
AB  - A full-length cDNA complementary to rat liver mRNA coding for pregnenolone 16
      alpha-carbonitrile-induced cytochrome P-450 (P-450PCN) was isolated and
      completely sequenced. P-450PCN mRNA is 2038 nucleotides in length and has a
      continuous reading frame (82-1596) that encodes a protein of 504 amino acids (Mr
      = 57,917). The amino-terminal sequence of 18 residues of the purified P-450PCN
      protein agrees with the open reading frame of the cDNA sequence. The P-450PCN
      mRNA nucleotide and amino acid sequences clearly establish that this cytochrome
      is a member of a separate P-450 family different from the phenobarbital-induced
      (e.g. P-450e) and 3-methyl-cholanthrene-induced (e.g. P-450c) P-450 gene
      families. P-450PCN shares 38 and 37% nucleotide similarity and 33 and 33% amino
      acid similarity with P-450e and P-450c, respectively. P-450PCN, P-450e, and P
      450c exhibit greater homology in the C-terminal half than in the N-terminal half
      of the proteins. Included in this region is the cysteinyl fragment (surrounding
      residue 443 in P-450PCN), which appears to be the most conserved among all
      fragments of other P-450 proteins. Of interest, the N-terminal region of P-450PCN
      does not contain the cysteine residue previously thought to contribute the
      thiolate ligand to the heme iron in P-450 proteins; these data establish more
      firmly the cysteine residue located in the carboxylterminal region as serving
      this function. These sequence studies further support the conclusion derived from
      chromosomal localization studies and Southern blot analyses that P-450PCN
      represents a member of a distinct third family of P-450 genes, which diverged
      from a common ancestor more than 200 million years ago.

PMID- 3838990
TI  - ATP-dependent unwinding of messenger RNA structure by eukaryotic initiation
      factors.
AB  - Interaction of protein synthesis initiation factors with mRNA has been studied in
      order to characterize early events in the eukaryotic translation pathway.
      Individual reovirus mRNAs labeled with 32P in the alpha position relative to the
      m7G cap and eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)-4A, -4B, and -4F purified from
      rabbit reticulocytes were employed. It was found that eIF-4A causes a structural
      change in mRNA, as evidenced by a nuclease sensitivity test: addition of high
      concentrations of eIF-4A greatly increase the nuclease sensitivity of the mRNA,
      suggesting that this factor can melt or "unwind" mRNA structure. ATP is required
      for this reaction. At low concentrations of eIF-4A, addition of eIF-4B is
      required for maximal unwinding activity. Thus eIF-4B enhances eIF-4A activity.
      Addition of eIF-4F also makes the mRNA sensitive to nuclease indicating a similar
      unwinding role to that of eIF-4A. Stoichiometric comparisons indicate that eIF-4F
      is more than 20-fold more efficient than eIF-4A in catalyzing this reaction. The
      unwinding activity of eIF-4F is inhibited by m7GDP, while that of eIF-4A is not.
      This suggests that eIF-4A functions independent of the 5' cap structure. Our
      results also suggest that the unwinding activity of eIF-4F is located in the
      46,000-dalton polypeptide of this complex, which has shown by others to be
      similar or identical to eIF-4A.

PMID- 3838991
TI  - Purification and preliminary characterization of a macromolecular inhibitor of
      glucocorticoid receptor binding to DNA.
AB  - Rat liver cytosol contains a heat-labile macromolecule that inhibits the binding
      of the transformed glucocorticoid-receptor complex to nuclei or DNA-cellulose
      (Milgrom, E., and Atger, M. (1975) J. Steroid Biochem. 6, 487-492; Simons, S. S.,
      Jr., Martinez, H. M., Garcea, R. L., Baxter, J. D., and Tomkins, G. M. (1976) J.
      Biol. Chem. 251, 334-343. We have developed a quantitative assay for the
      inhibitor and have purified it 600-700-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation,
      ethanol precipitation, and phosphocellulose and Sephacryl S-300 chromatography.
      The inhibitory activity copurifies with a Mr = 37,000 protein doublet. Under low
      salt conditions, both the inhibitory activity and the 37-kDa protein doublet
      behave as high Mr aggregates that subsequently dissociate in the presence of
      salt. The inhibitor is positively charged at physiological pH, and it is not
      affected by digestion with several serine proteases or RNase. The inhibitor does
      not affect the transformation process, and it does not cause the release of
      steroid-receptor complexes that have been prebound to DNA-cellulose. The
      inhibitor preparation does not cleave receptors in L-cell cytosol that are
      covalently labeled with the site-specific affinity steroid [3H]dexamethasone 21
      mesylate. If the steroid-receptor complex is first separated from the great
      majority of cytosol protein by transforming it and binding it to DNA-cellulose,
      addition of the inhibitor preparation results in receptor cleavage. Under these
      conditions, cleavage can be blocked with 1-chloro-3-tosylamido-7-amino-L-2
      heptanone and antipain, but protease inhibitors do not affect the inhibition of
      DNA binding that occurs in whole cytosol. The inhibitor acts through an
      interaction with the receptor, not with DNA. We suggest that the inhibitor may
      prove to be a useful tool for studying the interaction of the steroid-receptor
      complex with DNA or nuclei and speculate that it may be important in determining
      normal events of the receptor cycle as they occur in the intact cell.

PMID- 3838992
TI  - Functional domains of chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase.
AB  - The proteolytic susceptibility of chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase, a
      calmodulin-dependent enzyme, has been utilized to define the relative location of
      the catalytic and regulatory domains of the enzyme. Myosin light chain kinase
      isolated from this source exhibits a Mr of 130,000 and is extremely sensitive to
      trypsin at 24 degrees C; however, the molecule is divided into susceptible and
      resistant domains such that proteolysis proceeds rapidly and at multiple sites in
      the sensitive regions even at 4 degrees C while the rest of the molecule remains
      relatively resistant to digestion. One of these sensitive areas is the calmodulin
      binding domain. On the other hand, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digestion
      generates a calmodulin-binding fragment (Mr = 70,000) that retains
      Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent enzymatic activity and both of the phosphorylation
      sites recognized by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. In contrast, treatment with
      chymotrypsin produces a 95,000 Mr calmodulin-binding fragment that contains only
      the calmodulin-modulated phosphorylation site. Sequential proteolytic digestion
      studies demonstrated that the chymotryptic cleavage site responsible for the
      generation of this 95,000 Mr peptide is within 3,000 Mr of the V8 protease site
      which produces the 70,000 Mr fragment. Moreover, the non-calmodulin-modulated
      phosphorylation site must exist in this 3,000 Mr region. A calmodulin-Sepharose
      affinity adsorption protocol was developed for the digestion and used to isolate
      both the 70,000 and 95,000 Mr fragments for further study. Taken together, our
      results are compatible with a model for chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase
      in which there is no overlap between the active site, the calmodulin-binding
      region, and the two sites phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase with
      regard to their relative position in the primary sequence of the molecule.

PMID- 3838993
TI  - Photoaffinity labeling of a viral induced protein from tobacco. Characterization
      of nucleotide-binding properties.
AB  - We have used the photoaffinity analogs 8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate (8-N3ATP)
      and 8-azidoguanosine 5'-triphosphate (8-N3GTP) to investigate the relationship
      between a viral induced protein (Mr = 120,000) in tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
      infected tobacco and the TMV-induced RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. When
      the radioactive analogs [gamma-32P]8-N3ATP and [gamma-32P]8-N3GTP were incubated
      with the tobacco tissue homogenate from TMV-infected plants, incorporation of
      label occurred into the viral induced protein in the presence of UV light. The
      incorporation was found to be totally dependent on UV-illumination and greatly
      enhanced by Mg2+. Saturation of photoincorporated label indicates an apparent Kd
      of 16 microM (+/- 3 microM) and 12 microM (+/- 3 microM) for 8-N3ATP and 8-N3GTP,
      respectively. Protection against photolabeling by [gamma-32P]8-N3ATP and [gamma
      32P]8-N3GTP with various nonradioactive nucleotides and nucleosides suggests that
      the photolabeled site is protected best by nucleoside triphosphates. At 200
      microM both deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates and ribonucleoside triphosphates
      were very effective at protecting the site from photolabeling. These data suggest
      that the photolabeled protein may be part of an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The
      utility of nucleotide photoaffinity analogs as a method to study viral induced
      nucleotide-binding proteins is discussed.

PMID- 3838994
TI  - Stimulation of phospholipase A2 activity by oxygen-derived free radicals in
      isolated brain capillaries.
AB  - An exogenous free radical generating system added to isolated brain capillaries
      induces degradation of phospholipids. This inductive effect reflects increased
      phospholipase activities as measured by fatty acid composition of various
      phospholipid fractions. The correlation of phospholipid degradation with
      stimulation of phospholipases was further investigated by using cationic
      amphiphilic agents, which are known to be phospholipase A2 inhibitors. The
      breakdown of phospholipids was inhibited by the pretreatment of isolated
      capillaries with these drugs.

PMID- 3838995
TI  - Pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase assay by automated high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A new assay for pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase is reported. This method
      utilizes an isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic
      system for separation of nucleosides and bases. Product detection is accompanied
      by ultraviolet monitoring and radioactive flow detection. Use of an automated
      sample injector allows for the analysis of a series of samples, with data
      recorded onto a microprocessor-based cassette recorder. Data can then be
      downloaded into computer memory. The velocity of uridine phosphorylase (E.C.
      2.4.2.3) was a linear function of enzyme concentration. The Michaelis constant
      for uridine at pH 8.0 was found to be in close agreement with the value obtained
      by a thin-layer chromatographic assay method.

PMID- 3838996
TI  - Separation of gangliosides by anion-exchange chromatography on Mono Q.
AB  - A new type of strong anion-exchange resin, Mono Q, has been used in the
      separation of brain gangliosides. The resin consists of monodisperse particles
      (9.8 micron) and was used in prepacked columns with a bed volume of 1 ml. The
      gangliosides were separated into mono-, di-, tri- and tetrasialoganglioside
      fractions by a discontinuous gradient of potassium acetate in methanol. The
      separation was complete in a volume of 50 ml. The major advantages of the new
      procedure compared to conventional methods are the shorter separation time,
      higher loading capacity and recovery of separated ganglioside fractions in small
      solvent volumes. The procedure was applied to the separation of gangliosides from
      normal human and GM2-gangliosidosis brain.

PMID- 3838998
TI  - The effect of carbimazole on thyroid autoantibody synthesis by thyroid
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Thyroid autoantibody synthesis was investigated in cultures of lymphocytes
      isolated from several sources, including thyroid and lymph nodes from patients
      with hyperthyroid Graves' disease treated preoperatively with carbimazole or
      propranolol. The ability of thyroid lymphocytes to secrete immunoglobulins,
      including thyroid microsomal or thyroglobulin autoantibodies, was markedly
      reduced in lymphocyte suspensions obtained from patients treated with carbimazole
      compared with suspensions from patients treated with propranolol. This effect
      (which was greater in individuals treated with carbimazole for longer periods)
      was attributable to a significant reduction in the number of viable lymphocytes
      present after the 14-day culture interval. In contrast, the type of preoperative
      therapy had little effect on cultures of lymphocytes obtained from lymph nodes
      draining the thyroid. Although it is not yet clear whether carbimazole exerts its
      effects in vivo by direct immunosuppression or indirectly by altering the thyroid
      microenvironment, our observations indicate that the fall in serum levels of
      thyroid autoantibodies that occurs during carbimazole therapy is related to an
      effect of the drug on lymphocytes within the thyroid.

PMID- 3838997
TI  - Coupling of iodotyrosine catalyzed by human thyroid peroxidase in vitro.
AB  - The coupling of iodotyrosine (coupling reaction) is one of the least studied in
      the formation of thyroid hormone, particularly in human thyroid diseases. This
      paper describes a method of measuring iodotyrosine coupling catalyzed by human
      thyroid peroxidase (TPO) in vitro. There were two important requirements to
      demonstrate the coupling reaction: 1) thyroglobulin with a low thyroid hormone
      content, and 2) partially purified TPO. Thyroglobulin with low thyroid hormone
      content was obtained from Grave's and follicular adenoma tissues after
      propylthiouracil (PTU) therapy and L-T4 therapy, respectively. TPO was prepared
      from Graves' thyroid by solubilizing the 100,000 X g pellet of thyroid homogenate
      with sodium deoxycholate and trypsin, followed by Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration.
      Before the coupling reaction, thyroglobulin was iodinated with chloramine-T and
      potassium iodide, followed by dialysis. The coupling reaction was carried out by
      incubating newly iodinated thyroglobulin with TPO, diiodotyrosine, a coupling
      stimulator, and a H2O2-generating system (glucose and glucose oxidase) for 20 min
      at 37 C. After thyroglobulin was digested with Pronase, the thyroid hormone
      content of the thyroid digest was measured by RIA. Coupling activity was measured
      by the amount of newly formed T3 (nanograms of T3 per mg thyroglobulin). The time
      course of coupling reaction showed a progressive increase in coupling activity up
      to 30 min, and the reaction was temperature and pH dependent, with a pH optimum
      of 7.0. Coupling activity in the presence of H2O2 and TPO was 43 +/- 5.0 ng T3/mg
      thyroglobulin (mean +/- SD of triplicate samples), and addition of diiodotyrosine
      to the H2O2-TPO system caused a nearly 3-fold increase in coupling activity. This
      method has potential utilization for measurement of peroxidase coupling activity,
      since there was a linear relationship between the measured coupling activity and
      the amount of added TPO when the TPO concentration was over 3 micrograms/300
      microliter. Methimazole (MMI) and PTU had similar potencies in inhibiting the TPO
      catalyzed coupling reaction, whereas MMI was distinctly more potent than PTU as
      an inhibitor of TPO-mediated iodination in vitro. The different potencies of MMI
      in the two reactions suggest that different inhibitory mechanisms may be involved
      in iodination and coupling. The reducing agent, sodium metabisulfite, was also
      found to be a more potent inhibitor of the TPO-mediated coupling reaction than of
      the TPO-mediated iodination reaction. The method of iodotyrosine coupling
      described here may be useful to investigate the coupling step of thyroid hormone
      formation in human thyroid diseases.

PMID- 3838999
TI  - Evidence of extraocular muscle restriction in autoimmune thyroid disease.
AB  - Patients with Graves' disease lacking eye symptoms frequently have abnormal
      intraocular pressure (IOP) increases on upward gaze (greater than or equal to 3
      mm Hg) indicative of apparent subclinical ophthalmopathy. Because of the close
      relationship between Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), we
      examined 30 patients with a history of HT as well as 26 patients with a history
      of GD, 4 patients with a history of subacute thyroiditis, 1 patient with a
      history of silent thyroiditis, and 25 normal subjects for the presence of IOP
      abnormalities at 15 degrees and 25 degrees upgaze. While all of the patients were
      asymptomatic, had no exophthalmos, and were euthyroid at the time of the exam,
      Hertel exophthalmometer readings (mean +/- SD) for the patients with GD were
      significantly higher (P less than 0.005) than those for either the HT patients or
      normal subjects (17.1 +/- 2.4 vs. 14.5 +/- 2.3 vs. 14.4 +/- 4.2 mm,
      respectively). At 15 degrees upgaze, IOP abnormalities occurred in 25% and 13% of
      patients with GD and HT, respectively. At 25 degrees upgaze, these figures rose
      to 54% for the GD patients and 37% in HT patients. Only 1 of 25 normal subjects
      had elevated IOP changes on upgaze, as did the 1 patient with silent thyroiditis,
      but the patients with subacute thyroiditis did not. These data suggest the
      frequent presence of extraocular muscle restriction in patients with a history of
      HT as well as in patients with a history of GD. Maximal detection of these IOP
      abnormalities requires that patients be examined at 25 degrees upgaze. These data
      support the belief that the autoimmune bases of both GD and HT are closely
      linked, at least as manifested by eye muscle involvement.

PMID- 3839000
TI  - Changes in calcium homeostasis in acromegaly treated by pituitary adenomectomy.
AB  - Patients with acromegaly have alterations in mineral metabolism. To determine the
      effect of correction of excess GH secretion on calcium metabolism, we studied 12
      acromegalic patients before and 3-4 weeks after pituitary adenomectomy. Treatment
      of acromegaly resulted in significant decreases in both serum calcium [from 9.3
      +/- 0.2 to 8.7 +/- 0.1 mg/dl (mean +/- SEM); P less than 0.01] and urinary
      calcium excretion (from 200 +/- 24 to 88 +/- 12 mg/24 h; P less than 0.0002).
      Serum phosphate also decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) from 4.8 +/- 0.2
      to 4.3 +/- 0.2 mg/dl. Both serum immunoreactive PTH and calcitonin levels were
      normal initially and did not change after surgery. The mean serum 25
      hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) level was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower and the
      1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] level was significantly (P less than
      0.0001) higher in acromegaly compared with measurements in 25 normal subjects.
      After surgery, the serum 25OHD level did not change; however, the serum 1,25
      (OH)2D concentration fell significantly (P less than 0.0001) from 60 +/- 4 to 43
      +/- 2 pg/ml. A positive correlation was found between the decrements in urinary
      calcium excretion and the serum 1,25-(OH)2D level when the comparison was made
      between the decrements as percentages of pretreatment values (r = 0.64; P less
      than 0.05). The accumulated data suggest that the hypercalciuria in acromegaly
      might be due to intestinal calcium hyperabsorption, which could be attributed to
      the elevated circulating 1,25-(OH)2D level. Excessive GH secretion might
      stimulate the production of 1,25-(OH)2D and might also directly stimulate calcium
      absorption.

PMID- 3839001
TI  - Development of subtype-specific and heterosubtypic antibodies to the influenza A
      virus hemagglutinin after primary infection in children.
AB  - Children undergoing primary infection with an H1N1 or H3N2 influenza A virus
      developed subtype-specific hemagglutination inhibition antibodies and enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay antibodies to purified hemagglutinin (HA) of the
      infecting virus subtype. They also developed lower titered ELISA antibodies to
      the noninfecting H1 or H3 HA and to H8 (an avian strain) HA. Thus, after primary
      infection with an influenza A virus, children develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay, but not hemagglutination inhibition, antibodies reactive with
      heterosubtypic HAs. These heterosubtypic antibodies could influence the response
      to infection with other wild-type or attenuated vaccine strains of influenza A
      virus.

PMID- 3839002
TI  - Characterization and analysis of an apparent autophosphorylation of chicken
      gizzard myosin light chain kinase.
AB  - A phosphorylation occurs at two sites in chicken gizzard myosin light chain
      kinase that appears to be catalyzed by an autophosphorylation reaction. This
      reaction is inhibited by approximately 75% in the presence of Ca2+-calmodulin,
      but is unaffected by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor. Whereas the
      catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates myosin light
      chain kinase at only serine residues, the non cAMP-dependent phosphorylation
      occurs at both serine and threonine residues. One, if not both, of these latter
      sites are distinct from the sites recognized by the catalytic subunit of cAMP
      dependent protein kinase. Consequently, there must be at least three and possibly
      four sites in myosin light chain kinase capable of incorporating phosphate,
      either in response to catalytic subunit or by autophosphorylation.

PMID- 3839003
TI  - Epidural and intrathecal morphine in intensive care units.
AB  - Analgesia and sedation for patients in intensive care units (ICU) who require
      mechanical ventilation are most commonly provided by intermittent i.v. injections
      of opiates and benzodiazepines. However, the technique has a number of
      disadvantages. Also, in many cases these drugs are inadequate, even in large
      doses, and muscle relaxants may be necessary for patient respirator coordination.
      The analgesic effect of epidural and intrathecal morphine was studied in 24 ICU
      patients requiring controlled ventilation. In spite of large doses of
      phenoperidine, diazepam and a number of other analgesics and sedatives, all
      patients were restless, agitated and coordinated poorly with the respirator.
      Through an indwelling epidural catheter morphine (4 mg) was injected
      intermittently as required in 11 patients and as a continuous infusion (20-40
      mg/day) in five patients. In eight patients morphine (2-4 mg) was injected
      intrathecally as a single injection. Both epidural and intrathecal morphine gave
      potent analgesia and good patient respirator coordination. The duration of
      analgesia was shortest after intermittent injections of epidural morphine and
      longest after intrathecal morphine. However, continuous infusion of morphine in
      the epidural catheter appears to be the most practical method. In patients with
      multiple trauma and in patients where frequent assessment of the level of
      consciousness is important this technique is superior to parenteral analgesic
      sedative combinations. Intrathecal morphine may be indicated in patients in a
      compromised position. The daily analgesic requirement can be reduced by about 10
      100 times by the use of epidural and intrathecal morphine respectively.

PMID- 3839004
TI  - Absolute identification of electric pulse rates and electrode positions by
      cochlear implant patients.
AB  - In a single interval task, multichannel cochlear implant patients were asked to
      identify the members of a set of seven electric stimuli differing in electric
      pulse rate or electrode position. The perceptual sensitivity index (d') between
      successive stimuli in a stimulus set was calculated from the confusions among the
      seven stimuli. The results showed that the pulse rate above which the
      identification task became difficult varied from 200 to 600 pps from patient to
      patient. For the identification of the positions of seven bipolar electrode
      pairs, d' measures for stimulus sets differing in spatial separation or spatial
      extent were compared. Spatial separation is defined as the fixed distance between
      the two basal (or apical) electrodes of two successive bipolar electrode pairs in
      a stimulus set, while spatial extent is defined as the fixed distance between the
      apical and basal electrodes of each bipolar electrode pair in a stimulus set. The
      results showed that perceptual performance improved in an orderly way with
      spatial separation, but was not significantly affected by spatial extent.

PMID- 3839005
TI  - A charge coupled device-based image cytophotometry system for quantitative
      histochemistry and cytochemistry.
AB  - A rapid, semiautomated cytophotometry system for quantitative histochemistry and
      cytochemistry was constructed. The system consists of a Fairchild charge coupled
      device (CCD) image camera, a Zeiss Universal microscope, a Datacube analog to
      digital converter, and a digital Equipment Corporation LSI 11/23 computer
      operating under RT-11. Computer programs were written in FORTRAN and the MACRO
      assembly language for the acquisition of data from the CCD device. These data
      were then used for image segmentation, image display, and calculation of total
      optical density, perimeter, cell area, and several shape features. The
      reproducibility of measurement made with the CCD-based cytophotometry system was
      tested by repeated measurements. The coefficient of variation was estimated to be
      1.7% for total optical density and 0.9% for cell area. The CCD-based
      cytophotometry system was further evaluated by comparing results with
      measurements made on the same cells with a scanning stage cytophotometer using
      the HIDACSYS computer programs. Correlation coefficients of 0.96 for total
      optical density and 0.91 for cell area were obtained between the two systems. We
      conclude that the high-speed, dimensional stability, small size, and linearity of
      the CCD-based cytophotometry system will make it useful for quantitative
      histochemistry and cytochemistry.

PMID- 3839007
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and the regulation of the differentiation and function
      of macrophages and granulocytes.
AB  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) exerts a differential inhibitory effect on
      the formation of granulocyte, granulocyte/macrophage, and macrophage colonies
      grown from mouse bone marrow precursor cells; 50% inhibition was attained at 1.1,
      2.3, and 23 nM 1,25(OH)2D3, respectively. The inhibition of colony formation, as
      well as phagocyte proliferation in liquid cultures, requires the presence of
      1,25(OH)2D3 in the early stages of culture (up to 72 h after culture initiation).
      1,25(OH)2D3 induces a dose- and time-dependent augmentation of the phagocytic
      capability of mononuclear phagocytes (up to 100%) towards both heat-killed yeast
      cells and IgG-coated sheep red blood cells. The augmentation of the phagocytic
      capability of the mononuclear phagocytes depends critically on when 1,25(OH)2D3
      is added. It is effective when added up to 72 h after culture initiation, while
      at later stages (greater than or equal to 96 h) the cells are no longer induced
      to express enhanced phagocytic capability. We suggest that these phenomena may be
      relevant to hemopoietic processes.

PMID- 3839006
TI  - Induction of tumor-inhibitory macrophages with a novel synthetic immunomodulator,
      3,6-bis(2-piperidinoethoxy)acridine trihydrochloride (CL 246,738).
AB  - 3,6-bis(2-piperidinoethoxy)acridine trihydrochloride (CL 246,738) has been
      investigated for its immunomodulatory effect on murine macrophages. Incubation of
      macrophages harvested from the peritoneal cavities of normal mice with the
      compound for 48 to 72 hr rendered these cells inhibitory to the growth of tumor
      cells in vitro. Activation of tumor-inhibitory macrophages occurred over a range
      of concentrations (0.025 to 0.1 micrograms/ml) producing no direct inhibitory
      effects on tumor cells. Treatment of effector cells with carrageenan abrogated
      the effect, whereas treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 antibody and C did not,
      suggesting that the primary effectors were macrophages rather than T lymphocytes.
      These activated macrophages also manifested in vitro tumor cytolysis. In vivo
      studies indicated that peritoneal macrophages from mice treated with single oral
      doses of 100 to 400 mg/kg of the compound were also inhibitory to tumor cell
      growth in vitro. Effector macrophages became demonstrable in mice as early as 1
      day after drug administration, reached peak activity at day 12, and disappeared
      by day 31, indicating a rapid onset but long-persisting effect. The tumor
      cytostatic activity of these macrophages was augmented by endotoxin at the dose
      of endotoxin that, in itself, had no effect. The addition of protease inhibitors,
      N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone and aprotinin, to cultures markedly
      diminished the cytostatic effect, suggesting that the release of neutral
      protease(s) could account for the inhibitory effects of the macrophages. On the
      other hand, hydrogen peroxide and arginase seemed excluded as the mechanism of
      action because the effect was not sensitive to treatment with catalase and
      exogenous arginine. The present findings indicate that CL 246,738 is an orally
      active immunopotentiator capable of inducing tumor-inhibitory macrophages both in
      vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 3839008
TI  - [Effects of mother-infant interaction on maternal milk secretion and dynamics of
      maternal serum prolactin levels in puerperium].
AB  - Effects of maternal-infant interaction on maternal milk secretion and the
      dynamics of maternal serum prolactin levels in puerperium were examined in 183
      normally delivered mothers without any complications. No significant change was
      observed in the amount of maternal milk secretion between the primiparas and the
      multiparas. However, there was a significant increase in the amount of maternal
      milk secretion in the breast feeding group compared to the supplementary feeding
      group from the second to the sixth day of the puerperium (p less than 0.005).
      Moreover, the amount of maternal milk secretion increased significantly in the
      group that adopted the rooming-in system compared to the non rooming-in group (p
      less than 0.005). And also the significant increase occurred in the encouragement
      of breast feeding following the adoption of the rooming-in system (x2 = 7.244, p
      less than 0.01). There was no significant correlation between the amount of
      maternal milk secretion and the puerperal maternal prolactin levels, but the
      maternal serum prolactin level at 24 hours after delivery was significantly
      higher in the breast feeding group than in the supplementary feeding group (p
      less than 0.01). Also, the maternal serum prolactin was increased by the
      stimulation of the baby crying the same as by suckling or manual expression.
      These facts suggest that the maternal-infant bonding plays the important role in
      the encouragement of the breast feeding and the maternal serum prolactin may have
      some actions on the mechanism of maternal milk secretion.

PMID- 3839009
TI  - Automatic identification of late potentials.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to develop an algorithm for the automated
      identification of ventricular late potentials (LP) that can be recorded non
      invasively by means of the signal averaging technique. This new algorithm was
      designed to determine the possible presence and the onset and duration of a given
      LP by analyzing the end of the QRS complex. As there is no objective standard for
      identifying these late potentials, the new algorithm was developed by continuous
      comparison and adaptation to visual analysis in 65 patients (algorithm definition
      phase). In the subsequent trial phase, visual and automated analysis were
      compared in a second cohort of 50 patients (40 patients with and 10 patients
      without late potentials). In the latter 50 patients, the results obtained with
      the new algorithm corresponded to the analysis made by at least two of three
      independent observers in 92% of cases. In only four patients--one without and
      three with late potentials--there was no agreement between the observers and the
      new program. In conclusion, the new algorithm can be used reliably for the
      evaluation of late potentials. The results are more objective. They are
      reproducible, which is of great advantage when data from different groups are to
      be compared or when less experienced investigators are using non-invasive methods
      for registration of late potentials.

PMID- 3839010
TI  - Curability of Burkitt's lymphoma with high-dose cyclophosphamide-high-dose
      methotrexate therapy and intrathecal chemoprophylaxis.
AB  - Twenty-four children with Burkitt's lymphoma were treated beginning May 1976 with
      a regimen alternating high doses of cyclophosphamide and methotrexate in
      induction and consolidation; only high doses of methotrexate were used in the
      maintenance phase. Throughout therapy, which was planned for 54 weeks,
      intrathecal chemoprophylaxis using methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, and
      hydrocortisone was coordinated with the high-dose methotrexate infusion therapy
      to provide CNS chemoprophylaxis that maintained therapeutic methotrexate spinal
      fluid levels (greater than 10(-6) mol/L) for approximately 60 hours. Twenty-two
      (92%) of the 24 children attained complete remission; two (8.3%) patients
      attained only partial remission, failing therapy. Two children died of infection
      while in complete remission; two children relapsed on therapy. Actual survival is
      75%; the median follow-up time is 38+ months (range, 1 1/2+ to 84+ months).
      Relapses correlated with Murphy disease stage as follows: stage I--0/3, stage II-
      2/7, stage III--2/10, and stage IV--0/2. Serious side effects and toxicities of
      chemotherapy occurred in ten patients (metabolic disturbances after rapid tumor
      lysis, two; infectious and/or febrile episodes following cyclophosphamide
      therapy, three; methotrexate side effects, four; and complications of intrathecal
      therapy, one). Results of this therapy are similar to those of the best regimens
      that have been reported. Treatment has been adapted for use in Burkitt's lymphoma
      by the Pediatric Oncology Group; the responsiveness of other B cell lymphomas of
      childhood to this treatment is also being determined.

PMID- 3839011
TI  - Membrane electrical properties and prediction of motor-unit type of medial
      gastrocnemius motoneurons in the cat.
AB  - Membrane electrical properties [time constant, action potential
      afterhyperpolarization (AHP), rheobase, input resistance, and axonal conduction
      velocity] were measured in motoneurons of cat medial gastrocnemius (MG) motor
      units. Motor units were classified on the basis of their mechanical responses as
      fast twitch, fast fatiguing (FF); fast twitch with intermediate fatigue
      resistance (FI); fast twitch, fatigue resistant (FR); or slow twitch, fatigue
      resistant (S; 11, 22). Motoneuron membrane time constant, estimated from the
      voltage response at the onset or termination of long (50-100 ms) current pulses
      and corrected for voltage-response nonlinearities (32), was found to differ
      significantly among the major motor-unit types, increasing in the order FF less
      than FR less than S. Afterhyperpolarization magnitude, half-decay time, and
      duration were all significantly greater for the fast (FF + FI + FR) versus the
      slow (S) motor units. The AHP half-decay time was correlated with muscle unit
      twitch time over the entire motoneuron population and within the type S motor
      unit population. There was no significant correlation between twitch time and AHP
      half-decay time among the types FF and FR motor-unit populations. In agreement
      with previous studies, we found a significant difference in both rheobase and
      input resistance among the major motor-unit types, with rheobase increasing in
      the order S less than FR less than FF and input resistance decreasing in that
      order (S greater than FR greater than FF). The differences in input resistance
      were present both before and after correcting for voltage-response nonlinearities
      (32). Also in agreement with previous studies, the mean axonal conduction
      velocity was significantly faster among the fast (FF + FI + and FR) compared with
      the slow (S) motor units. These data were used to examine the properties alone to
      determine motor-unit type, which has traditionally been defined on the basis of
      the muscle unit's mechanical properties (11, 22). We used a discriminant analysis
      program to classify 73 mechanically typed motor units for which we had measures
      of rheobase, input resistance, membrane time constant, and AHP half-decay time.
      This model was able to properly classify 71 of the 73 motor units of this data
      set, indicating that the motor units of this data set could be grouped into three
      categories representing the three major motor-unit types (FF, FR, and S) on the
      basis of their rheobase, input resistance, membrane time constant, and AHP half
      decay time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3839012
TI  - Correlation of stress with outcome of radioiodine therapy for Graves' disease.
AB  - Between November 1965 and December 1983, 293 patients were treated for Graves'
      disease using 131I. All patients were asked to identify a stressful event
      antedating the onset of overt clinical symptoms. Eighty-one patients were able to
      do this (27.6%). Six patients were lost to follow-up, the others were followed
      from 1 to 155 mo. Two hundred forty-four patients received a single treatment, 49
      required two or more treatments. Stress and nonstress individuals were consistent
      with respect to age, sex, number of treatments and the dose of radioiodine.
      Patients with stress initiating the symptoms of Graves' disease became
      hypothyroid earlier, 50% at 12 mo compared with 36 mo for the nonstress group, p
      = 0.01. At 10 yr 5% of the stress group remained euthyroid compared with 17%
      nonstress. We conclude that stress in the 12 mo or less before the onset of
      clinical symptoms potentiates the development of hypothyroidism induced by a
      standard dose of radioiodine.

PMID- 3839013
TI  - Comparison of folate conjugase activities in human, pig, rat and monkey
      intestine.
AB  - Folate conjugase, an intestinal enzyme that hydrolyzes dietary polyglutamyl
      folate to the absorbable monoglutamyl derivative, is present in two locations in
      human jejunal mucosa: one on the brush border membrane, the other soluble and
      intracellar. Although the brush border enzyme has not been found in the rodent, a
      recent study demonstrated both brush border and intracellular folate conjugases
      in the pig with properties similar to the human enzymes. To confirm and expand
      these data, we compared folate conjugase activities in intestinal brush border
      and 30,000 X g supernatant fractions in human, pig, rat and monkey mucosa. In
      both the human and pig, brush border folate conjugase was active from pH 4.5 to
      8.5, and activity was significantly increased by zinc acetate. In contrast,
      folate conjugase activity was negligible in rat and monkey mucosal brush borders.
      Intracellular folate conjugase was maximally active at pH 4.5 in the human, pig
      and monkey, whereas this enzyme was equally active from pH 4.0 to 7.5 in the rat.
      In each species, supernatant activity at pH 4.5 was completely inhibited by p
      hydroxymercuribenzoate. Although folate conjugase was quantitatively more active
      in the human than in the pig intestine, the brush border and intracellular
      enzymes exhibited similar properties. Sucrase, lactase and aminopeptidase
      activities were also similar in the two species. Our data show marked species
      differences in mucosal folate conjugase activities and indicate that the pig may
      be a suitable experimental animal for further studies of folate hydrolysis and
      absorption in humans.

PMID- 3839014
TI  - Hashimoto thyroiditis associated with thyroid cancer in adolescent patients.
AB  - Three girls had Hashimoto thyroiditis and thyroid cancer. Cervical exploration
      revealed a follicular carcinoma in one, an oxyphilic cell carcinoma in another,
      and a papillary carcinoma in the third. These cases add clinical and pathologic
      data to the previously debated concept that Hashimoto thyroiditis coexists with
      thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 3839015
TI  - Prostanoids in hemolytic uremic syndrome.

PMID- 3839016
TI  - Use of laboratory data in freeze drying process design: heat and mass transfer
      coefficients and the computer simulation of freeze drying.

PMID- 3839017
TI  - Alveolar liquid lining: Langmuir method used to measure surface tension in bovine
      and canine lung extracts.
AB  - The Langmuir trough has been used to study monolayers of surfactant from beef
      lung extracts, dog lavage and the principal component (dipalmitoyl lecithin; DPL)
      in which surface tension has been simultaneously monitored on each film by the
      Wilhelmy method and the original Langmuir method whose readings are independent
      of contact angle. Readings on the Wilhelmy balance at 80% film compression
      reached the near-zero values recorded in previous studies, averaging 2.0 dyn cm
      1, but Langmuir readings on the same films averaged 13.5 dyn cm-1 for DPL with no
      reading below 7.0 dyn cm-1. Similar differences were found for bovine extracts
      and dog lung lavage and have been attributed to a serious contact-angle artifact
      in the Wilhelmy method widely used in studying pulmonary surfactant. Higher
      minimum values of surface tension determined by the Langmuir method are shown to
      be incompatible with normal physiological function in the smaller mammals on the
      basis of the traditional bubble model of the alveolus. When Langmuir or Wilhelmy
      values are determined under more physiological conditions of area change, pH,
      temperature, humidity etc., values for surface tension are even higher and less
      compatible with the concept of a continuous liquid lining for the alveolar
      diameter of any mammal.

PMID- 3839018
TI  - Biochemical and clinical effects of treating the premenstrual syndrome with
      prostaglandin synthesis precursors.
AB  - The clinical and biochemical effects of a prostaglandin synthesis precursor
      (Efamol) containing linoleic acid and its metabolite, gamma-linolenic acid, were
      studied in 30 women with severe, incapacitating premenstrual syndrome. Efamol
      treatment alleviated the premenstrual symptoms in general and depression
      especially better than did a placebo. The capacity of platelets to release
      thromboxane B2 during spontaneous clotting was decreased in patients undergoing
      Efamol treatment (141 +/- 59 ng/ml, mean +/- SD) as compared to those undergoing
      placebo treatment (186 +/- 44 ng/ml, p less than 0.01) and control subjects (176
      +/- 40 ng/ml, n = 25, p less than 0.05). No changes were found in plasma 6-keto
      prostaglandin F1alpha or in FSH, LH, prolactin, progesterone, estradiol and
      testosterone. The data suggest that prostaglandins might play a role in the
      pathophysiology of the premenstrual syndrome.

PMID- 3839019
TI  - Cyclosporin A in management of Graves' disease.

PMID- 3839020
TI  - Efficacy of ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle in South
      Africa.
AB  - The efficacy of ivermectin administered at 200 micrograms/kg was evaluated
      against induced infestations of 5 gastrointestinal nematode species in cattle.
      Results were analysed by the modified non-parametric method and a "A" class (more
      than 80% effective in more than 80% of the treated animals) was achieved with an
      oral drench and subcutaneous injection against the third and fourth larval and
      adult stages of Bunostomum phlebotomum, Cooperia spp. (C. pectinata and C.
      punctata), Haemonchus placei, Oesophagostomum radiatum and Ostertagia ostertagi.
      Ivermectin was 77,5-100% effective against naturally acquired infestations of
      Trichuris spp.

PMID- 3839021
TI  - Efficacy of ivermectin against ectoparasites of cattle in South Africa.
AB  - The efficacy of various formulations of ivermectin administered at the
      recommended dose rate of 200 micrograms/kg was evaluated in cattle infested with
      mange mites (Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis.), lice (Linognathus vituli and
      Damalinia bovis) and ticks (Boophilus decoloratus, Amblyomma hebraeum,
      Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Hyalomma spp.) in 8 trials conducted in South
      Africa. Mange mites (S. scabiei) were eliminated from animals treated
      subcutaneously, resulting in marked clinical recovery. Oral administration
      reduced the numbers of, but did not eliminate these mites. Sucking lice (L.
      vituli) were eliminated from animals treated orally or subcutaneously. Numbers of
      biting lice (D. bovis) were reduced but not eliminated, subcutaneous injection
      being more effective than oral drenching. Subcutaneous injection with ivermectin
      every 14 d over a period of 84 d significantly reduced numbers of engorged female
      R. appendiculatus and A. hebraeum. Numbers of Boophilus spp. and Hyalomma spp.
      were also reduced. A single subcutaneous injection resulted in significantly
      fewer engorged female B. decoloratus on treated animals for up to 28 d after
      treatment. In one trial significantly fewer A. hebraeum males occurred on treated
      animals for up to 28 d after treatment. Too few R. evertsi were present in these
      trials to evaluate the effect of ivermectin against this parasite.

PMID- 3839022
TI  - Structure of the black beetle virus genome and its functional implications.
AB  - The black beetle virus (BBV) is an isometric insect virus whose genome consists
      of two messenger-active RNA molecules encapsidated in a single virion. The
      nucleotide sequence of BBV RNA1 (3105 bases) has been determined, and this,
      together with the sequence of BBV RNA2 (1399 bases) provides the complete primary
      structure of the BBV genome. The RNA1 sequence encompasses a 5' non-coding region
      of 38 nucleotides, a coding region for a protein of predicted molecular weight
      101,873 (protein A, implicated in viral RNA synthesis) and a 3' proximal region
      encoding RNA3 (389 bases), a subgenomic messenger RNA made in infected cells but
      not encapsidated into virions. The RNA3 sequence starts 16 bases inside the
      coding region of protein A and contains two overlapping open reading frames for
      proteins of molecular weight 10,760 and 11,633, one of which is believed to be
      protein B, made in BBV-infected cells. A limited homology exists between the
      sequences of RNA1 and RNA2. Sequence regions have been identified that provide
      energetically favorable bonding between RNA2 and RNA1 possibly to facilitate
      their common encapsidation, and between RNA2 and negative strand RNA1 possibly to
      regulate the production of RNA3.

PMID- 3839023
TI  - Solution conformation of proteinase inhibitor IIA from bull seminal plasma by 1H
      nuclear magnetic resonance and distance geometry.
AB  - A determination of the solution conformation of the proteinase inhibitor IIA from
      bull seminal plasma (BUSI IIA) is described. Two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser
      enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY) was used to obtain a list of 202 distance
      constraints between individually assigned hydrogen atoms of the polypeptide
      chain, to identify the positions of the three disulfide bridges, and to locate
      the single cis peptide bond. Supplementary geometric constraints were derived
      from the vicinal spin-spin couplings and the locations of certain hydrogen bonds,
      as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.). Using a new distance
      geometry program (DISGEO) which is capable of computing all-atom structures for
      proteins the size of BUSI IIA, five conformers were computed from the NOE
      distance constraints alone, and another five were computed with the supplementary
      constraints included. Comparison of the different structures computed from the
      n.m.r. data among themselves and with the crystal structures of two homologous
      proteins shows that the global features of the conformation of BUSI IIA (i.e. the
      overall dimensions of the molecule and the threading of the polypeptide chain)
      were well-defined by the available n.m.r. data. In the Appendix, we describe a
      preliminary energy refinement of the structure, which showed that the constraints
      derived from the n.m.r. data are compatible with a low energy spatial structure.

PMID- 3839024
TI  - Xanthine oxidase as a source of free radical damage in myocardial ischemia.
AB  - Experiments were performed to determine if xanthine oxidase is a source of free
      radicals during myocardial ischemia. Open chest dogs were subjected to 1 h of
      total occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 4 h
      of reperfusion. Directly after coronary artery occlusion, Ce141 microspheres were
      injected into the left atrium to mark the ischemic bed. At the end of
      reperfusion, the hearts were removed and sectioned. Autoradiography determined
      the ischemic myocardium at risk, and the necrotic zone was determined by
      triphenyl-tetrazolium staining. Animals were divided into three groups: control,
      allopurinol (24-h oral pretreatment 400 mg, then 50 mg/kg IV bolus on occlusion);
      and superoxide dismutase starting with occlusion (15 000 U/kg). The size of the
      infarct as a percentage of the tissue at risk was: 23.1 +/- 4.1 for the control;
      8.7 +/- 1.2 for the allopurinol group; and 5.4 +/- 1.2 for the superoxide
      dismutase group. The infarcts in the allopurinol and superoxide dismutase groups
      were significantly smaller than those in the control groups. In a second series
      of experiments we determined the xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase content
      of dog myocardium. The left anterior descending branch was ligated for 30 min and
      then biopsies were removed from both the normal and the ischemic regions. Total
      enzyme content did not differ between the two regions averaging 0.259 U/g protein
      for the ischemic tissue and 0.225 U/g protein for the normal region. Only 9.8% of
      the enzyme was in the oxidase form in the normal region while 32.8% was in the
      oxidase form in the ischemic zone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3839025
TI  - Diagnostic ultrastructural markers in alveolar cell carcinoma.
AB  - Two, difficult-to-diagnose cases of metastatic alveolar cell carcinoma were
      examined with the electron microscope. In the first case, the prominent feature
      was the occurrence of intranuclear tubular inclusions and the rare occurrence of
      surfactant-like material between tumour cells. Only after a prolonged search in
      sections from several blocks were typical neoplastic type II alveolar cells with
      secretory granules containing myelin figures (myelinosomes) found and the
      diagnosis of alveolar cell carcinoma established. In the second case, the tumour
      cells contained single-membrane-bound bodies enclosing material resembling
      pulmonary surfactant. Here also, after much searching, rare cells containing
      myelinosomes resembling those found in type II alveolar cells were found and the
      diagnosis of alveolar cell carcinoma established. The value of these various
      markers (myelinosomes, intranuclear tubular inclusions and surfactant-like
      material) in establishing the diagnosis of alveolar cell carcinoma with the
      electron microscope are reviewed and discussed.

PMID- 3839026
TI  - Efficacy and safety of the Nd:YAG laser in canine partial nephrectomy.
AB  - Partial nephrectomy using 100 watts of focused Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet
      (Nd:YAG) laser power was evaluated to determine its hemostatic capabilities,
      safety, and effect on renal function and histology. Six adult female dogs ranging
      from 22 to 33 lbs. underwent nephrectomy and contralateral partial nephrectomy
      using the laser. Closure of the collecting system and drains were not used to
      determine if the laser could seal the collecting system. There was no blood loss
      with this technique. Four of the 6 dogs had no postoperative complications but
      two had urinary extravasation which led to death in one dog and required drainage
      in another. One month postoperative serum creatinine levels were 66 per cent
      higher than pre-operative values. Intravenous urograms revealed no evidence of
      dilation of the collecting system nor contrast extravasation. The depth of
      necrosis ranged from 4 mm. in the cortex to 7 mm. in the medulla. The data
      indicate that Nd:YAG laser partial nephrectomy is effective, and provides
      complete hemostasis, manageable urinary extravasation and acceptable impairment
      of renal function.

PMID- 3839027
TI  - [Antithrombin III and heparin cofactor II].

PMID- 3839028
TI  - [TSH data analysis after thyroidectomy: processing of data with truncation of
      figures below the lower threshold].

PMID- 3839029
TI  - Altered divalent ion metabolism in early renal failure: role of 1,25(OH)2D.
AB  - The present study evaluates the role of 1,25(OH)2D in the pathogenesis of
      abnormal mineral metabolism in patients with early renal failure (ERF). This was
      accomplished by examining the calcemic response to PTH and the handling of an
      oral phosphate load both before and after 6 weeks of therapy with 1,25(OH)2D.
      Twelve patients with ERF and six normal volunteers were studied. Patients with
      ERF as compared with normal subjects have low serum phosphate, low urinary
      calcium, low serum 1,25(OH)2D, and high plasma PTH and urinary cyclic AMP (cAMP).
      With EDTA infusion, an impaired calcemic response to PTH is observed in patients
      with ERF. The phosphate load test shows that these patients have an increased
      ability to excrete phosphate. After 1,25(OH)2D therapy a significant increase in
      serum phosphate, urinary calcium, and a decrease in urinary cAMP is observed only
      in ERF patients. In addition, the impaired calcemic response to PTH improves
      significantly, the renal handling of phosphate becomes normal, and the low
      baseline level of 1,25(OH)2D increases to normal. A significant correlation
      between levels of 1,25(OH)2D and creatinine clearance is observed in both
      patients and normals. In summary, the present data suggest that a mild deficiency
      of 1,25(OH)2D is present in ERF patients. The pathophysiological consequence of
      such a deficiency in patients with ERF may be important.

PMID- 3839030
TI  - [Equipment for microcomputer-controlled measurement in the evaluation of
      respiratory mechanical parameters in premature and newborn infants].

PMID- 3839031
TI  - [Surgery of toxic goiter and ways of reducing postoperative hypothyroidism and
      goiter recurrence].

PMID- 3839032
TI  - [Specificity of suprathreshold test methods in automated perimetry].
AB  - The specificity of suprathreshold automated perimetry of the central visual field
      was investigated comparatively with the Fieldmaster Model 225 computer perimeter,
      utilizing five different test strategies. The clinical study comprised 30 eyes of
      30 healthy subjects. The test strategies were: (1) threshold-related
      supraluminosity of 5 dB with constant supraluminosity between 0 degrees and 30
      degrees eccentricity; (2) threshold-related supraluminosity of 5 dB, increasing
      the luminosity according to the sensitivity gradient of the retina at 15 degrees
      eccentricity; (3) threshold-related supraluminosity of 5 dB and stepwise increase
      of luminosity every 5 degrees of eccentricity; (4) threshold-related
      supraluminosity of 3 dB and stepwise increase of luminosity every 5 degrees of
      eccentricity; (5) central stimuli luminosity of 200 asb and stepwise increase of
      luminosity every 5 degrees of eccentricity. The highest specificity of the visual
      field examination was obtained with test strategy 3, followed by 5, 4 and 2. The
      lowest specificity was obtained with test strategy 1.

PMID- 3839033
TI  - [Vision test program for ophthalmologists on Apple II, IIe and IIc computers].
AB  - A microcomputer program for the Apple II family of computers on a monochrome and
      a color screen is described. The program draws most of the tests used by
      ophthalmologists, and is offered as an alternative to a projector system. One
      advantage of the electronic generation of drawings is that true random
      orientation of Pflueger's E is possible. Tests are included for visual acuity
      (Pflueger's E, Landolt rings, numbers and children's drawings). Colored tests
      include a duochrome test, simple color vision tests, a fixation help with a
      musical background, a cobalt blue test and a Worth figure. In the astigmatic dial
      a mobile pointer helps to determine the axis. New tests can be programmed by the
      user and exchanged on disks among collageues.

PMID- 3839034
TI  - [Strabologic terminology II and computer coding].
AB  - This paper begins with a discussion of a number of strabologic terms, such as the
      definition of squint and orthotropia, and criteria of cure. Congenital strabismus
      and dynamic and static angles of squint are also discussed. Finally, some
      problems of computer coding in strabismus are considered.

PMID- 3839035
TI  - The relation of growth performance to dietary oil source in African giant rat
      (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse).
AB  - An experiment is described in which palm-oil, groundnut oil, cottonseed oil and
      soybean oil were each fed as a 5% dietary supplement to the African giant rat
      (AGR). 4 AGR were fed each diet from 6-12 weeks of age. The groundnut oil-based
      diet supported the best liveweight gain of 4.23 g/day, while AGR fed the
      cottonseed oil diet lost an average weight of 1.42 g/day during the 6-week study.
      The efficiency of feed utilization was similar for AGR fed on palm-oil and
      soybean oil diets, but this was significantly (P less than 0.05) better than the
      3.24 g feed/g gain obtained for AGR fed on groundnut oil diet. There was an
      abnormally low feed intake by AGR fed the cottonseed oil diet, and this probably
      resulted in their poorest performance. In terms of feed conversion efficiency,
      the results suggest that either palm-oil or soybean oil can be used in the diet
      of AGR. This observation is not in line with the practice whereby groundnut oil
      was used in the diet of albino rat.

PMID- 3839036
TI  - Intraosseous transducers for hearing by bone conduction. Peroperative
      measurements.
AB  - Now that it is possible to establish and maintain a reaction free skin
      penetration, there are new prospects for hearing through bone conduction.
      Peroperative hearing threshold measurements on patients entering hospital for ear
      surgery under local anaesthesia have been made. An electromagnetic transducer was
      temporarily cemented into the cortex of the mastoid process and the transducer
      current for threshold signals at different frequencies recorded. Considerable
      variability was found between patients but a distinct common pattern from 0.25
      kHz to 8 kHz could be identified in the audiograms. With the transducers used,
      the power consumption was found to be low (1 mW) at threshold levels but to
      achieve a comfortable hearing level the electrical power needed was found to be
      as high as 4W.

PMID- 3839037
TI  - Microprocessor controlled arthrograph.
AB  - This new arthrograph, based on a microcomputer, provides displacements of
      variable amplitude, frequency and waveform. It is sufficiently small for use on a
      ward or in a clinic, is simple to use and is readily accepted by patients. One
      test and its associated analysis, together with printed and plotted results,
      occupies little more than two minutes.

PMID- 3839038
TI  - A simple hidden line removal algorithm for serial section reconstruction.
AB  - A simple and efficient program for removing the hidden lines from the computer
      graphics display of a three-dimensional structure has been developed. The
      algorithm is optimized for serial section reconstruction, that is, for three
      dimensional structures composed of a series of stacked planar outlines. Using the
      algorithm, an anatomist can generate a realistic static picture of a reasonably
      complex reconstruction in about 20 s on a small laboratory computer.

PMID- 3839039
TI  - [Treatment of pain in cancer patients with intrathecal morphine].

PMID- 3839041
TI  - [Potentiation of the radiosensitizing effect of metronidazole using whole-body
      drug-induced hyperthermia].
AB  - The total drug hyperthermia in the presence of metronidazole administration
      improves radiotherapeutic results in Pliss lymphosarcoma: tumor growth inhibition
      increases by 12.7-18.5%, tumor regression by 30.6-38.9%. A dose of 100 mg/kg of
      metronidazole combined with irradiation in the presence of moderate hyperthermia
      produces even a more noticeable radiosensitizing effect than a dose of 700 mg/kg
      without hyperthermia. A possibility of quite a high level of tumor
      radiosensitization with lower doses of metronidazole without toxic manifestations
      of the body was shown.

PMID- 3839040
TI  - Polysomnography and associated physiological parameters management using a
      microcomputer in offline processing: application to male impotence.

PMID- 3839042
TI  - [Accumulation of metronidazole in tumors during whole-body hyperthermia induced
      by Sulfazin].
AB  - A study was made of metronidazole accumulation in the blood of animals and
      tumorous tissues of Pliss lymphosarcoma after the total moderate hyperthermia
      caused by subcutaneous injection of the pyrogenic drug sulfadiazine.
      Metronidazole concentration in the blood and tumors of hyperthermized animals was
      2-3 times as high as in those of the control animals. A time shift of the maximum
      values of metronidazole accumulation occurred in hyperthermia. Under normal
      conditions the peak of accumulation was observed 2 h after the administration of
      the radiosensitizer whereas in hyperthermia depending on its duration it could
      develop 1 h earlier. Thus the total moderate hyperthermia served as a favorable
      background for raising metronidazole concentration in tumor opening up prospects
      for potentiating the radiosensitizing effect of metronidazole and perhaps some
      other means in the utilization of small nontoxic doses of the drug.

PMID- 3839043
TI  - Analysis of maximum expiratory flow volume curves using canonical correlation
      analysis.

PMID- 3839044
TI  - Cochlear implants.

PMID- 3839045
TI  - Microinjection of Micrococcus luteus UV-endonuclease restores UV-induced
      unscheduled DNA synthesis in cells of 9 xeroderma pigmentosum complementation
      groups.
AB  - The UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in cultured cells of excision
      deficient xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) complementation groups A through I was
      assayed after injection of Micrococcus luteus UV-endonuclease using glass
      microneedles. In all complementation groups a restoration of the UV-induced UDS,
      in some cells to the repair-proficient human level, was observed. Another
      prokaryotic DNA-repair enzyme, T4 endonuclease V, restored the UV-induced UDS in
      a similar way after microinjection into XP cells. Since both enzymes specifically
      catalyse only the incision of UV-irradiated DNA, we conclude that this activity
      is impaired in cells of all 9 excision-deficient XP complementation groups
      tested.

PMID- 3839046
TI  - Case 6-1985: progressive pneumonitis after chemotherapy for breast cancer.

PMID- 3839047
TI  - Effects on transmembrane action potential, slow inward current and force of
      contraction in ventricular cardiac muscle of BRL 31660, a new antiarrhythmic drug
      with class I and class IV activity.
AB  - The effects of 1-30 mumol l-1 BRL 31660 on transmembrane action potential and
      force of contraction were investigated in guinea-pig electrically driven
      papillary muscles. Lidocaine was studied for comparison. BRL 31660 depressed Vmax
      of the action potential without changing the resting potential, decreased the
      force of contraction and decreased the action potential duration. Similar effects
      were obtained with lidocaine. BRL 31660 inhibited the recovery of Vmax from
      inactivation, the time constant of which was estimated to be about 1,100 ms in
      the presence of 10 mumol l-1 BRL 31660. The depressive effect on Vmax was
      particularly pronounced at low (less negative) membrane potentials. BRL 31660 can
      thus be classified as a class I antiarrhythmic agent of the lidocaine type.
      Additional voltage-clamp experiments in cow ventricular trabeculae provided
      evidence that BRL 31660 also depressed the slow inward current at concentrations
      similar to those producing the effects on the transmembrane action potential. BRL
      31660 thus exerted an additional class IV action. This effect was not shared by
      lidocaine. It is concluded that BRL 31660 is a new antiarrhythmic agent which
      depresses both the fast and slow inward current at similar concentrations. The
      dual effects of BRL 31660 conceivably contribute to its antiarrhythmic activity,
      but the clinical relevance of these results remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 3839049
TI  - Does long-term calcitriol therapy in dialyzed patients turn 'hyperparathyroid'
      into 'osteomalacic' problem?

PMID- 3839048
TI  - [Multiple sclerosis and Basedow disease, a more than coincidental association?].
AB  - Two young women with Graves' disease and marked exophthalmus developed cervical
      myelitis. Besides showing similar clinical symptoms, both were found to be HLA
      type DR 4. The possibility of a significant association of autoimmune diseases of
      the thyroid and the CNS is discussed.

PMID- 3839051
TI  - Deltamethrin infusion into different sites in the neuraxis of freely-moving rats.
AB  - A comparison of signs induced by deltamethrin infusion at 3 sites within the
      neuraxis was made in freely-moving rats. Cannulae were placed prior to experiment
      into either lateral ventricle, cisterna magna or spinal subarachnoid space and
      animals allowed to recover. Deltamethrin was active at all levels of the neuraxis
      in a dose dependent manner. All signs induced by intraperitoneal deltamethrin
      administration, except profuse salivation and choreoathetosis, were generated by
      direct infusion of the compound into the CNS. In addition other signs developed
      which cannot be observed following systemic administration. They seemed to
      reflect a local disturbance in function around each injection site. With regard
      to the major symptom of choreoathetosis associated with systemic deltamethrin
      administration, the results suggest that for such a complex response to develop,
      a more global activation at many levels of the neuraxis (and possibly in the
      periphery) is required.

PMID- 3839050
TI  - Effect of a new antithrombotic agent (defibrotide) in acute renal failure due to
      thrombotic microangiopathy.
AB  - 8 patients with thrombotic microangiopathy were treated with a new antithrombotic
      agent, defibrotide. This drug displays considerable fibrinolytic and
      antithrombotic activity, and induces generation and release of a prostacyclin
      like substance from vascular tissue. At admission all patients presented severe
      renal involvement and coagulation abnormalities. Neurological manifestations were
      present in 6. Defibrotide administration was followed by recovery of renal
      function in 6, disappearance of neurological symptoms and coagulation
      abnormalities in all patients. The use of defibrotide was not associated with
      side effects. On the basis of the results obtained in these patients, we suggest
      that defibrotide might be considered as a valuable drug in the management of
      patients with thrombotic microangiopathy.

PMID- 3839052
TI  - Automated measurement of multivariate locomotor behavior in rodents.
AB  - Most automated methods of monitoring locomotion in animals have used mechanical
      equipment which measure only one dependent variable and are quite susceptible to
      a variety of experimental errors. Computer technology has advanced the mechanical
      means of measuring locomotor activity, allowing a new capability for
      simultaneously recording many aspects of locomotion. For example, the Digiscan
      System measures over 20 different indices of ambulatory, rearing, stereotypical
      and rotational behaviors over real time. Although standardization of some of
      these techniques is still needed, the computerized approach has already proven
      itself of value in neurobehavioral research. This paper describes the use of
      commercial systems in research.

PMID- 3839053
TI  - The effects of selective opioid delta-receptor antagonists on stress-induced
      antinociception and plasma corticosterone levels in mice.
AB  - Antinociception produced in mice by a 3 min swim was attenuated by ICI 174,864
      and by low doses of naloxone indicating the involvement of both delta- and mu
      receptors. The degree of antinociception was not related to plasma corticosterone
      (CS) levels measured 11 min after the swim. Naloxone affected CS levels in
      control mice and appeared to reduce the CS response to stress: ICI 154,129 and
      ICI 174,864 did not produce consistent effects on plasma CS levels.

PMID- 3839054
TI  - Proenkephalin- and prodynorphin- derived opioid peptides in guinea-pig heart.
AB  - Consecutive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and the
      mouse vas deferens assay were used to characterize opioid peptides in the guinea
      pig heart. Atria were found to contain at least nine different opioid peptides
      derived from proenkephalin and prodynorphin. In ventricles at least seven
      different molecular species which may be derived only from prodynorphin were
      present. The total opioid activity in atria averaged 22 pmol and in ventricles 11
      pmol [Met]enkephalin equivalents per g wet wt. The high content of
      [Leu]enkephalin in relation to [Met]enkephalin indicates the possibility of a
      dynorphinergic pathway of cardiac [Leu]enkephalin. Multiple cardiac opioid
      ligands and receptors, including kappa, may be functionally important in the
      peripheral control of cardiac performance and coronary circulation.

PMID- 3839055
TI  - Leumorphin in human brain.
AB  - Porcine leumorphin, a putative opioid peptide corresponding to amino acid
      residues 228-256 of preproenkephalin B has been demonstrated to exist in the
      porcine neurointermediate pituitary. A recent study on the sequence analysis of
      genomic DNA of human preproenkephalin B has shown that human leumorphin differs
      in 3 amino acid residues from porcine leumorphin. In order to clarify whether
      leumorphin is an endogenous opioid peptide in man, we have studied its existence
      and regional distribution in the human brain using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for
      leumorphin. Reverse-phase HPLC and high performance gel permeation chromatography
      coupled with the RIA for leumorphin revealed that human leumorphin existed
      together with rimorphin (dynorphin B) in water extracts of the human brain.
      Leumorphin-like immunoreactivity (-LI) and dynorphin-LI distributed in parallel
      throughout the brain. These results indicate that leumorphin is a novel
      endogenous opioid peptide in man.

PMID- 3839056
TI  - Kelatorphan: a full inhibitor of enkephalin degrading enzymes. Biochemical and
      pharmacological properties, regional distribution of enkephalinase in rat brain
      by use of a tritiated derivative.
AB  - New potent inhibitors of enkephalin degrading enzymes were obtained by synthesis
      of compounds bearing a bidentate group. Among these bidentates, Kelatorphan, N
      [(R)-3-(N-hydroxy)-carboxamido-2-benzylpropanoyl]-L-alanine, is in vitro a full
      inhibitor of enkephalinase, dipeptidylaminopeptidase and aminopeptidase. In vivo
      Kelatorphan (i.c.v. administered in mice) prevents exogenous enkephalin from
      peptidase degradation. The analgesic effect of Kelatorphan is at least equal to
      that of the association of bestatin and thiorphan. An analogue of Kelatorphan was
      tritiated and was used as a specific marker of enkephalinase. Thus the
      distribution of enkephalinase in rat brain was studied: striatum corpus and
      substantia nigra were particularly labelled.

PMID- 3839057
TI  - Release of synenkephalin from neuronal terminals in vitro.
AB  - Synenkephalin, the amino-terminal 1-70 residues of proenkephalin is released
      intact from bovine globus pallidus following potassium-induced depolarization in
      vitro via a Ca++ dependent mechanism. The release of synenkephalin accompanies
      that of Met-enkephalin in a molar ratio of 1/4. In contrast to Met-enkephalin
      which is readily destroyed when released, synenkephalin is not destroyed.

PMID- 3839058
TI  - Presence of the predicted C-flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y (CPON) in tissue
      extracts.
AB  - Isolation of the DNA sequence encoding neuropeptide Y (NPY) has suggested the
      presence of a precursor peptide consisting of 97 aminoacids. Three peptide
      products have been predicted from this precursor; an N terminal signal peptide,
      neuropeptide Y and a C terminal 30 amino acid flanking peptide. This study has
      demonstrated by a novel radioimmunoassay that this C-flanking peptide for NPY
      occurs naturally in tissues. The peptide is present in abundance throughout the
      central nervous system and qualitatively in both the brain and peripheral
      structures, it has the same distribution as NPY. Chromatographic analysis
      demonstrated that the measured CPON-immunoreactivity elutes in the position of
      the peptide synthesised according to the predicted sequence.

PMID- 3839059
TI  - [Primary gastric lymphoma].

PMID- 3839060
TI  - Vitamin D action.

PMID- 3839061
TI  - Prolactin secretion during pregnancy and puerperium: response to metoclopramide
      and interactions with placental hormones.
AB  - Prolactin (PRL) response to an intravenous administration of metoclopramide (10
      mg) was examined during normal pregnancy and puerperium. Basal PRL and the
      metoclopramide-induced increase of PRL increased gradually during pregnancy. This
      was paralleled by serum estradiol, estriol, and progesterone levels. A positive
      correlation between serum progesterone and metoclopramide-induced PRL
      concentrations was found at week 36 of pregnancy. In lactating women,
      metoclopramide always induced higher increases of PRL than did suckling
      stimulation on the seventh day postpartum. The PRL responses to suckling and
      metoclopramide were significantly correlated with each other, but no correlation
      was found between placental steroid levels throughout pregnancy, PRL levels after
      parturition, and total milk production during seven days postpartum.

PMID- 3839062
TI  - Problems associated with epidural anesthesia in obstetrics.
AB  - Toxic reactions to bupivacaine and 2-chloroprocaine recently have been reported
      in parturients receiving epidural analgesia. Neurotoxicity has occurred after the
      accidental subarachnoid injection of large doses of 2-chloroprocaine. Cardiac
      arrest and death have occurred after the accidental intravascular injection of
      bupivacaine. Obstetricians should be aware of these hazards and how to avoid them
      by the use of proper technique.

PMID- 3839063
TI  - Automation and integration of health information systems.

PMID- 3839064
TI  - Chronic retinopathy of prematurity.
AB  - A pathologic analysis of 40 autopsy cases of chronic retinopathy of prematurity
      is presented. The type of retinal detachment in chronic retinopathy is unique,
      resulting from progressive changes in the peripheral retina: folding at the site
      of extraretinal vasoproliferation; scroll-like rolling anteriorly towards the
      lens; foreshortening of entire retina with detachment; and closure of the retinal
      "funnel." The biomechanical intraretinal and extraretinal factors operating
      during this process are discussed. Also presented are some interesting atypical
      features found in this series: arrested retinopathy; "sea fan" extraretinal
      vascular fronds; retinopathy in anencephaly; cribriform vanguard; and
      extramedullary erythropoiesis.

PMID- 3839065
TI  - The biomechanics and function of the secondary restraints to the anterior
      cruciate ligament.
AB  - The primary function of the anterior cruciate ligament has been described as one
      of restraining anterior motion of the tibia. The passive structures that offer
      secondary support for the anterior cruciate ligament are the collateral
      ligaments, the mid-third capsular ligaments, the menisci, and the iliotibial
      band. In this article, the biomechanics and function of these structures, as well
      as their effectiveness in providing back-up support for the anterior cruciate
      ligament, are discussed.

PMID- 3839066
TI  - Acute knee injuries in athletes.

PMID- 3839067
TI  - Knee injuries in skiing.

PMID- 3839068
TI  - Characteristics of human surfactant-associated glycoproteins A.
AB  - Surfactant-associated glycoprotein A [molecular weight (Mr) = 34,000, isoelectric
      point (pI) 4.6-5.0] and its sulfhydryl dependent oligomers were purified and
      partially characterized from surfactant obtained from human alveolar lavage. Two
      major forms of the protein were identified by silver stain and immunoblot
      analysis of surfactant using human surfactant-associated glycoprotein A antisera:
      glycoprotein A2, Mr = 34,000 and glycoprotein A1, Mr = 28,000. The larger form
      was reduced to Mr = 28,000 by treatment with endoglycosidase F, indicating the
      presence of complex N-linked oligosaccharide on the molecule. Charge
      heterogeneity was decreased and the isoelectric point increased by treatment with
      neuroaminidase, supporting the presence of sialic acid. Homology between the
      proteins Mr = 34,000 and 28,000 was confirmed by analysis of two-dimensional
      tryptic and chymotryptic peptides of 125I-iodo-glycoproteins A1 and A2 which were
      identical. The protein was very rich in glycine and its amino acid composition
      was similar to that of glycoprotein A previously reported for the dog and rat.
      Treatment of glycoproteins A with bacterial collagenase resulted in the
      generation of highly glycosylated peptides Mr = 20,000-22,000, pI 4.6-5.0, which
      no longer formed sulfhydryl-dependent oligomers, supporting the presence of
      significant collagen-like region in the molecule. In the absence of reducing
      agents, glycoprotein A from surfactant was present as sulfhydryl-dependent dimers
      and larger oligomers. Higher molecular weight aggregates of glycoproteins A were
      also present in lavage material even after sulfhydryl reduction. Glycoproteins A
      were identified in surfactant from amniotic fluid, normal adult lung lavage,
      human cadaver lung lavage, and material obtained from lung lavage from a patient
      with alveolar proteinosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3839069
TI  - Vitamin E and retinopathy of prematurity revisited.

PMID- 3839070
TI  - Gene for OTC: characterisation and linkage to Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Cloned coding sequences for rat and human ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) were
      obtained by screening a rat and a human cDNA library respectively with a
      synthetic oligonucleotide corresponding to 27 bases of the rat sequence. These
      clones, 1100 bp long for the rat clone and 1300 bp for the human, contain
      approximately 80% of the human OTC coding sequence. The OTC mRNA length
      determined by Northern blot analysis is 1700bp. The human OTC sequence was shown
      to be localised Xp11.4-Xp21 using somatic cell hybrids. There is a frequent RFLP
      revealed with the restriction enzyme MspI. OTC is located more closely to the
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy mutation than previously reported markers such as RC8
      and L1.28, and therefore should prove useful in carrier detection and haplotype
      analysis of families carrying the mutation causing the disease.

PMID- 3839071
TI  - A method to locate protein coding sequences in DNA of prokaryotic systems.
AB  - cDNA sequence data from E. coli phages, for which complete genome sequences are
      known, have been analysed, From this analysis thirteen triplets have been
      identified as markers to distinguish protein-coding frames from fortuitous open
      reading frames. The region of -18 to +18 nucleotides around ATG/GTG, has been
      analysed and used to identify initiator codons from internal ATG/GTG. With the
      aid of criteria defined above a method has been developed to locate protein
      coding sequences by a combination of 'gene search by signal' and 'gene search by
      content' approaches. Application of this method to prokaryotic systems including
      those which were not part of our data base indicates that it is quite accurate
      and general in nature.

PMID- 3839072
TI  - Structural features and restricted expression of a human alpha-tubulin gene.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of a human alpha-tubulin gene (b alpha 1) is described.
      This gene is extensively homologous to a rat alpha-tubulin gene in its coding
      regions, 3'-untranslated region and, indeed, in segments of its largest intron.
      However, with the exception of three short conserved blocks of homology, the 5'
      flanking regions of the rat and human genes are unrelated. Hence, these genes
      each encoding an identical protein are transcribed under the influence of
      divergent promoters. Blot analyses using RNA from a variety of transformed cells
      derived from different tissues indicate that expression of the human alpha
      tubulin gene is restricted to cells of neurological origin. Among neurological
      cell types b alpha 1 expression is further restricted to adherent cells that are
      morphologically differentiated. The data presented suggest that the b alpha 1
      gene encodes a prominent neuronal and glial alpha-tubulin and that b alpha 1
      expression is a function of the differentiated state of these cells.

PMID- 3839074
TI  - Effect of the tripartite leader on synthesis of a non-viral protein in an
      adenovirus 5 recombinant.
AB  - The EIa region of an Adenovirus 5 recombinant has been substituted by a modular
      gene encoding dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). In this recombinant, the mouse DHFR
      cDNA was positioned behind sequences of the major late promoter and the complete
      tripartite leader. The leader sequences end in the normal 5' splice site (SS) of
      the third leader, so that RNA splicing joins the tripartite leader to a 3' splice
      site immediately upstream of the DHFR cDNA. At late stages of infection, high
      levels of DHFR mRNAs were synthesized. At early times in the late stage, this
      mRNA was efficiently translated; however, at later times translation of DHFR
      decreased probably due to poor competition with other late mRNAs. Synthesis of
      DHFR protein from an analogous Adenovirus 5 recombinant containing only the first
      late leader was studied in parallel. Equivalent levels of DHFR mRNA were
      expressed after infection with this recombinant virus; however, the efficiency of
      DHFR translation was at least 20 fold lower than that of the DHFR mRNA containing
      the tripartite leader. This suggests that the tripartite leader sequence is
      important for translation in the late stage of infection. As reported previously,
      the Ad5 recombinant containing only the first leader vastly overexpresses
      polypeptide IX from a novel mRNA, formed by the splicing of the first leader in
      the modular DHFR gene to the 3' splice site in the EIb region. Cells infected
      with this recombinant synthesize very little normal mRNA from the EIb region.
      Here, we demonstrated that coinfection of 293 cells with this recombinant and
      wild type Adenovirus 5 also results in decreased EIb mRNA synthesis. We propose
      that the overproduction of polypeptide IX suppresses mRNA expression from the EIb
      and IX promoter sites, probably by an autoregulation loop active during lytic
      growth.

PMID- 3839073
TI  - Primary structure of the soybean nodulin-23 gene and potential regulatory
      elements in the 5'-flanking regions of nodulin and leghemoglobin genes.
AB  - The nodulin-23 gene of soybean is one of the most abundantly transcribed genes
      induced during symbiosis with Rhizobium. Using a plasmid (pNod25) from a nodule
      cDNA library, we have isolated the nodulin-23 gene from a soybean genomic
      library. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cDNA and of the genomic clone
      indicated that the coding region of this gene is 669 bp long and is interrupted
      by a single intron of about 530 bp. The deduced protein sequence suggests that
      nodulin-23 may have a signal sequence. The 5'-flanking sequence of two other
      nodulin genes, nodulin-24 encoding for a membrane polypeptide and one of the
      leghemoglobin genes (LbC3), were obtained. Comparison of these sequences revealed
      three conserved regions, one of which, an octanucleotide (GTTTCCCT), has 100%
      homology. The conserved sequences are arranged in a unique fashion and have a
      spatial organization with respect to order and position, which may suggest a
      potential regulatory role in controlling the expression of nodulin and
      leghemoglobin genes during symbiosis.

PMID- 3839075
TI  - A cDNA clone for the precursor of rat mitochondrial ornithine transcarbamylase:
      comparison of rat and human leader sequences and conservation of catalytic sites.
AB  - We have cloned a DNA complementary to the messenger RNA encoding the precursor of
      ornithine transcarbamylase from rat liver. This complementary DNA contains the
      entire protein coding region of 1062 nucleotides and 86 nucleotides of 5'- and
      298 nucleotides of 3'-untranslated sequences. The predicted amino acid sequence
      has been confirmed by extensive protein sequence data. The mature rat enzyme
      contains the same number of amino acid residues (322) as the human enzyme and
      their amino acid sequences are 93% homologous. The rat and human amino-terminal
      leader sequences of 32 amino acids, on the other hand, are only 69% homologous.
      The rat leader contains no acidic and seven basic residues compared to four basic
      residues found in the human leader. There is complete sequence homology (residues
      58-62) among the ornithine and aspartate transcarbamylases from E. coli and the
      rat and human ornithine transcarbamylases at the carbamyl phosphate binding site.
      Finally, a cysteine containing hexapeptide (residues 268-273), the putative
      ornithine binding site in Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus faecium, and
      bovine transcarbamylases, is completely conserved among the two E. coli and the
      two mammalian transcarbamylases.

PMID- 3839076
TI  - Nucleic acid (cDNA) and amino acid sequences of the maize endosperm protein
      glutelin-2.
AB  - The cDNA coding for a glutelin-2 protein from maize endosperm has been cloned and
      the complete amino acid sequence of the protein derived for the first time. An
      immature maize endosperm cDNA bank was screened for the expression of a beta
      lactamase:glutelin-2 (G2) fusion polypeptide by using antibodies against the
      purified 28 kd G2 protein. A clone corresponding to the 28 kd G2 protein was
      sequenced and the primary structure of this protein was derived. Five regions can
      be defined in the protein sequence: an 11 residue N-terminal part, a repeated
      region formed by eight units of the sequence Pro-Pro-Pro-Val-His-Leu, an
      alternating Pro-X stretch 21 residues long, a Cys rich domain and a C-terminal
      part rich in Gln. The protein sequence is preceded by 19 residues which have the
      characteristics of the signal peptide found in secreted proteins. Unlike zeins,
      the main maize storage proteins, 28 kd glutelin-2 has several homologous
      sequences in common with other cereal storage proteins.

PMID- 3839077
TI  - Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of rat lingual lipase cDNA.
AB  - Purified rat lingual lipase (EC3113), a glycoprotein of approximate molecular
      weight 52,000, was used to generate polyclonal antibodies which were able to
      recognise the denatured and deglycosylated enzyme. These immunoglobulins were
      used to screen a cDNA library prepared from mRNA isolated from the serous glands
      of rat tongue cloned in E. coli expression vectors. An almost full length cDNA
      clone was isolated and the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence obtained.
      Comparison with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme
      confirmed the identity of the cDNA and indicated that there was a hydrophobic
      signal sequence of 18 residues. The amino acid sequence of mature rat lingual
      lipase consists of 377 residues and shares little homology with porcine
      pancreatic lipase apart from a short region containing a serine residue at an
      analogous position to the ser 152 of the porcine enzyme.

PMID- 3839078
TI  - Use of tamoxifen in breast cancer.

PMID- 3839079
TI  - Plasma calcium, phosphorus, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and 1-25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
      of hens with fatty liver syndrome.
AB  - Plasma was obtained from normal laying hens, 30 weeks of age, and from laying
      hens, 60 weeks of age, with fatty liver syndrome (FLS). The 60-week-old hens were
      divided into two groups based on whether they were laying or nonlaying. Plasma
      phosphorus and calcium was significantly higher for hens with FLS. The younger
      hens had significantly lower 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) plasma levels than
      the older hens. The older hens that were laying had significantly lower 25-OH-D3
      plasma levels than the nonlaying hens. Old nonlaying hens with FLS had lower 1,
      25-OH-D3 than young hens or old laying hens with FLS; however, the levels were
      not different for the two groups of laying hens.

PMID- 3839080
TI  - Route-dependent different relations between acute and subacute toxicity of the
      potential antiviral agent benzoxazolyl-2-formyl-S-ethyl-isothiosemicarbazone in
      mice.

PMID- 3839081
TI  - Acid-base disorders--a computer simulation.

PMID- 3839082
TI  - Microcomputerized measurement of the circadian locomotor rhythm in
      microorganisms.
AB  - A computerized close-up video/photoamplifier system was implemented for the study
      of circadian locomotor rhythm in a population of a ciliate protozoan, Paramecium.
      This fully microcomputerized system facilitated automatic long-term measurement
      of three parameters in parallel: (1) numbers of specimens per 10 min traversing
      beneath a fixed point in an experimental vessel, (2) times taken by specimens to
      traverse the point, and (3) interval times between subsequent specimens
      traversing the point. Stochastic analyses using these parameters can derive the
      circadian fluctuation of physiological variables, such as swimming speed and the
      frequency of avoiding reaction (abrupt change in swimming direction). The
      computerized system simultaneously accomplished the acquisition of these three
      sets of data, their transient storage, and their graphic display according to
      given format. The system software was constituted so that an experimenter with
      little computer knowledge, could easily operate the system by answering questions
      displayed on the computer monitor.

PMID- 3839083
TI  - [Computers in radiology. Adjustment to new competitive situations through use of
      computers with user-specific software].
AB  - With this publication, the author presents the requirements that a user specific
      software should fulfill to reach an effective practice rationalisation through
      computer usage and the hardware configuration necessary as basic equipment. This
      should make it more difficult in the future for sales representatives to sell
      radiologists unusable computer systems. Furthermore, questions shall be answered
      that were asked by computer interested radiologists during the system
      presentation. On the one hand there still exists a prejudice against programmes
      of standard texts and on the other side undefined fears, that handling a computer
      is to difficult and that one has to learn a computer language first to be able to
      work with computers. Finally, it is pointed out, the real competitive advantages
      can be obtained through computer usage.

PMID- 3839084
TI  - The concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 in plasma samples from patients
      with benign and malignant tumours of the breast.
AB  - Peripheral plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 were measured in
      patients with benign and malignant tumours of the breast, in patients with non
      gynecological diseases, and in healthy female controls. The values were
      significantly higher in female patients with malignant tumours of the breast than
      in healthy controls (146 +/- 28 vs 13 +/- 2.5 pg/ml for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha p less
      than 0.01 and 78 +/- 17 vs 11 +/- 2 pg/ml for TXB2, p less than 0.01). Benign
      tumours of the breast were also associated with significantly raised plasma
      levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 compared to normal controls (52 +/- 5 vs 13
      +/- 2.5 pg/ml for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, p less than 0.01 and 26 +/- 5 vs 11 +/- 2
      pg/ml for TXB2, p less than 0.05). The high levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2
      were not found to be correlated with clinical and histopathological data. The
      surgical removal of the primary tumour has apparently no effect on the plasma
      concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 over a follow-up period of 9 days
      after operation. The lack of alterations in the ratio of TXB2:6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      in the cancer patients and other subjects studied before and after surgery is
      indicative of the regulatory power of metabolic systems to preserve the
      homeostatic balance.

PMID- 3839085
TI  - Differential effects of various vasoactive drugs on basal and stimulated levels
      of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in rat brain.
AB  - Thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6KPGF1 alpha), the major stable metabolites
      of thromboxane and prostacyclin, are present in the CNS, where they appear to be
      mainly produced within and/or acting upon the vascular district. Their
      concentrations are of few pg/mg protein in rat brain cortex of animals sacrificed
      by microwave (MW) radiation, procedure which inactivates tissue enzymes and
      allows the determination of endogenous "basal" levels of eicosanoids. Levels of
      6KPGF1 alpha and especially those of TxB2 increase several fold over the basal
      values in brain cortex of animals sacrificed by decapitation followed by a few
      minute interval before analysis (post-decapitation ischemia, PDI). Pretreatment
      of animals with the vasoactive drug papaverine, resulted in elevation of brain
      basal levels of 6KPGF1 alpha and with the carbochromene derivative AD6 in
      reduction of basal levels of TxB2, whereas the calcium antagonist nifedipine and
      dipyridamole did not modify basal levels of the two eicosanoids. Treatments with
      papaverine and AD6 reduced the accumulation of TxB2 and enhanced that of 6KPGF1
      alpha occurring after PDI, to different extents, both resulting, however, in
      reduction of the TxB2/6KPGF1 alpha ratio. Nifedipine instead, decreased the
      release of both eicosanoids and resulted in elevation of the TxB2/6KPGF1 alpha
      ratio, whereas dipyridamole had no effect. In conclusion, the evaluation of the
      overall effects of drug treatments on the TxB2/6KPGF1 alpha ratio in cerebral
      tissue, provided useful informations on the pharmacological modulation of
      vascular eicosanoids in this district.

PMID- 3839087
TI  - [Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system].

PMID- 3839086
TI  - Cardiovascular responses to intrathecal administration of arginine vasopressin in
      rats.
AB  - Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been localized in numerous extrahypothalamic brain
      regions and in the spinal cord. The results of intracerebroventricular AVP
      injections and microinjection of AVP into the brain stem suggest that this
      peptide, acting centrally at higher levels, may influence cardiovascular
      function. No function for the AVP occurring at spinal levels has been reported.
      In this study we report that AVP, in picomole quantities, increased arterial
      blood pressure and integrated heart rate in a dose-dependent manner following
      intrathecal application to the thoracic region in the rat. This response was not
      blocked by intravenous administration of the AVP antagonist d(CH2)5-D-Tyr-VAVP.
      These results suggest that AVP, acting within the spinal cord, may alter neural
      outflow regulating blood pressure and heart rate.

PMID- 3839088
TI  - [The hypothalamo-hypophyseo-thyroid system in relatives of patients with diffuse
      toxic goiter].

PMID- 3839090
TI  - Morphological features of the interaction between mucus and surfactant on the
      bronchial mucosa.
AB  - The secretion layer over the bronchial epithelium was investigated on human
      biopsy material. In the sol phase of the secretion, phospholipid membranes
      stretched out or arranged in vesicular structures could regularly be
      demonstrated. They displayed the same structure as the surfactant material in the
      alveolar space. It can be inferred therefrom that the surfactant is excreted via
      the bronchial system. It probably contributes to the stabilization of the sol
      phase of the mucus and thus influences the sliding capacity of the gel phase. So
      the surfactant has an important function in maintaining mucociliary clearance at
      the bronchial mucosa.

PMID- 3839089
TI  - Ultrastructural changes of the pulmonary parenchyma after experimentally induced
      endotoxic shock in dogs with and without drug protection.
AB  - The authors describe the ultrastructural alterations of the pulmonary parenchyma
      produced in dogs by endotoxic shock, and they examine the effects that a
      'secretolytic' drug (bromexine) has in modifying those changes. In the animals
      under shock there is a complete breakdown of the normal structure of the
      pulmonary parenchyma. According to the authors, these lesions are caused by the
      damage of the lining layer and of the cells which produce the constituents of the
      surfactant system. In dogs under shock and treated with bromexine the authors
      have seen a better organization of the pulmonary parenchyma: the cellular limits
      of the pneumocytes of types I and II were more clearly defined and the
      osmiophilic bodies were increased both in number and volume. The authors conclude
      that the damage of the lining layer and of the pneumocytes of type II plays an
      important role in the development of the ARDS and they say that bromexine can
      improve clinical and morphological aspects of that syndrome.

PMID- 3839091
TI  - [Evaluation and perspectives of a new cephalosporin: ceftriaxone].
AB  - Following a brief review of the main bacteriological and pharmacokinetic
      properties of ceftriaxone, the authors present a therapeutic evaluation of this
      new cephalosporin antibiotic. The effects of ceftriaxone in severe infections,
      such as septicaemia, bacterial meningitis, urinary tract infections, typhoid,
      bone infections and sexually transmitted diseases, are described on the basis of
      recent publications. Mention is also made of the adverse reactions to, and benign
      side-effects of the drug. Finally, the advantages of ceftriaxone in the treatment
      of some infections are envisaged: the single daily dose and short therapeutic
      courses may modify therapeutic habits and exert a beneficial effect on costs in
      some cases.

PMID- 3839092
TI  - Diurnal course of the suitability of serum samples obtained from normal subjects
      and from patients with primary endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia to serve as
      substrate for milk lipoprotein lipase.
AB  - Serum samples, obtained at various times of the day from four normal subjects and
      five patients with primary endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia on a carbohydrate
      rich diet (meals at 09.00, 13.00 and 17.00 h), were incubated with cows' milk
      lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to investigate the susceptibility of the
      triglyceride(TG)-rich lipoprotein fraction to hydrolysis. Mean KM and vmax of
      this reaction increased in patients between 09.00 and 13.00 h (p = 0.016 and
      0.015, respectively) and decreased again thereafter, whereas no diurnal change
      was observed in normal subjects (p = 0.31 and 0.27, respectively). At 13.00 and
      23.00 h patients showed a higher mean KM (p less than 0.02) at 23.00 h a higher
      mean vmax (p less than 0.03) than normal subjects. When the data were expressed
      as reaction rates (FFA formation rates) at TG-concentrations in the in vivo
      range, neither group showed a diurnal difference. Patients showed a significantly
      lower reaction rate than normal subjects only at 13.00 h at TG concentrations
      below 3 mmol X 1-1. This suggests that a defect in the suitability of TG-rich
      particles to serve as a substrate for LPL is not likely to play a role in the
      development of hypertriglyceridaemia.

PMID- 3839094
TI  - Illinois traces cause of Salmonella outbreak.

PMID- 3839093
TI  - [Acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon (Ogilvie's syndrome). Internal medicine
      aspects].
AB  - Four patients with acute colonic pseudo-obstruction are described. The clinical
      and radiological picture is suggestive of colonic obstruction, without detectable
      organic obstruction. The syndrome usually occurs after surgery or trauma, or is
      related to severe preexisting systemic illness; its association with alcohol
      intake is frequently overlooked. The most severe complication is cecal rupture,
      which may occur at a diameter of 12 cm or more and which has a lethality rate of
      40%. The primary management of colonic pseudo-obstruction is conservative, and
      includes an attempt at colonoscopic decompression; in most cases cecostomy can be
      avoided.

PMID- 3839095
TI  - A novel mechanism of somatic rearrangement predicted by a human T-cell antigen
      receptor beta-chain complementary DNA.
AB  - The T-cell antigen receptor is a cell surface molecule vital in mediating the
      cellular immune response. The arrangement and rearrangement of the gene segments
      encoding the beta-chain polypeptide of the receptor are similar to those of
      immunoglobulin gene segments. The two constant region genes of the human T-cell
      antigen receptor are 8 kilobases apart with a cluster of joining segments located
      5' of each constant region gene. Although most beta-chain gene rearrangements
      involve the variable, diversity, and joining segments, analysis of a beta-chain
      complementary DNA clone suggests the occasional occurrence of another type of
      rearrangement.

PMID- 3839096
TI  - Tracing contacts of persons with sexually transmitted diseases in a developing
      country.
AB  - A simplified system for tracing of contacts of patients suffering from sexually
      transmitted diseases is presented. Use of a contact card given to the index case
      led 341 contacts (19.8%) to attend a clinic for treatment voluntarily. Visits to
      the homes of contacts who did not bring their cards to the clinics were made by
      health assistants employed by the local health department. After being traced in
      this manner, a further 367 contacts (21.3%) were seen. No substantial cost was
      borne by the department, and the exercise did not necessitate the employment of
      additional staff.

PMID- 3839097
TI  - Psychosocial factors in admitting to homosexuality in sexually transmitted
      disease clinics.
AB  - This study investigated the factors that predict nonadmission of homosexual
      orientation in public and private clinics for sexually transmitted diseases in
      Sweden, Finland, Ireland, and Australia. Results from 604 respondents indicate
      that nonadmitters in all four countries are likely to conceal their orientation
      from most people, to expect the most negative reaction to their homosexuality, to
      believe in more conservative sex roles for males and females, to report
      themselves as more bisexual, to have had no previous sexually transmitted
      infections, and to have had worse relationships with their mother during
      adolescence than admitters. Men who attend private clinics are usually older,
      more conservative, of higher social class, and have had more negative reactions
      to their homosexuality from others. These data suggest that nonadmitters are most
      likely to be reassured by empathy and, particularly, explicit discussion of and
      expressed acceptance of homosexuality and bisexuality, reiteration of
      confidentiality. and avoidance of questions that assume the sex of partner. Thus,
      manipulation of the clinic environment may help to decrease the number of
      individuals who do not admit to sexual contacts with members of the same sex.

PMID- 3839098
TI  - [Determination of speech perception in patients with auditory prosthesis by the
      word selection method].

PMID- 3839099
TI  - [Combined auditory prostheses in a mixed form of hearing loss].

PMID- 3839100
TI  - [50-year experience with the surgical treatment of goiter in the Transcarpathian
      region].
AB  - The article generalizes experience with the surgical treatment of 1988 patients
      with different diseases of the thyroid gland. Indications for the surgical
      treatment, special preoperative management, choosing the anesthesia, methods and
      technique of the operation are discussed.

PMID- 3839102
TI  - Microcomputer applications in health population surveys: experience and potential
      in developing countries.
AB  - Regrettably, because the content and technology are evolving so rapidly the
      literature on the application of microcomputer technology to health and
      development is either out of date, or hard to find (e.g. unpublished reports from
      consultants working with development agencies or universities). The time needed
      to review and publish an article or a book dictates that by the time it is
      published, any statements about current hardware will be obsolete. For example, a
      recent volume by Ingle et al., quite sound from the theoretical and practical
      point of view is already out of date with respect to hardware details. For that
      reason no hardware suggestions are made in this article. On the other hand,
      detailed reports of experience with first-generation microcomputers are very
      useful to the individual planning a developing country application. From the
      literature and our own field experience with respect to microcomputer
      applications in health/population surveys in developing countries, the following
      are useful summary points for projects currently going into the field. Careful
      planning is absolutely necessary if microcomputer technology is to be applied
      successfully to field data collection problems. Search out organizations with
      similar experiences. Collaboration among staff at all levels is essential for a
      system to be installed and utilized effectively. The particular technology
      combination selected must be adapted to the field situation. Remember survey
      complexity and size. Training is essential, and should be on-the-job and oriented
      towards specific tasks. If time consuming and repetitive tasks are given over to
      the microcomputer the technology will be readily accepted and fully utilized. To
      the extent that a community of users can be formed, the entire adoption process
      will be stimulated and results improved. Most maintenance and some repairs should
      be carried out in the field by local project personnel. For most survey and data
      acquisition problems some custom programming will be needed; this requires a good
      working knowledge of a powerful programming language (although this is likely to
      change in the near future). For descriptive statistics and small data management
      problems off-the-shelf software is appropriate but can be expensive. Compare
      options. Standardization and compatibility must be considered in all
      applications. This is important!(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3839101
TI  - Rectal neoplasia in the dog: a clinicopathological review of 31 cases.
AB  - A clinicopathological review was made of 31 cases of canine rectal neoplasia. The
      adenomatous polyp was the commonest tumour and had the best prognosis. With the
      exception of adenocarcinomas the results of surgical excision of malignant
      neoplasms, including two cases of rectal lymphosarcoma, were encouraging.

PMID- 3839103
TI  - Characterization of microheterogeneity of human thyroglobulin from different
      thyroid disorders.
AB  - Human thyroglobulin (Tg) was isolated to apparent purity from various thyroid
      tissue samples obtained after surgery. Iodine and iodothyronine content of Tg was
      determined. Isoelectric focussing (IEF) was performed on thin layer agarose gels.
      Tg revealed a microheterogeneity of 6 bands in the range between pH 4.2 and 4.6.
      The intensity of the single bands depended on the iodothyronine content of Tg.
      With increasing degree of iodination, the bands with a lower pI (pI 4.35, 4.40)
      became more prominent, whereas the bands with higher pI (pI 4.55, 4.60)
      diminished. This typical change in microheterogeneity pattern could be confirmed
      by kinetic in vitro iodination and consecutive iodothyronine formation of low
      iodinated Tg (0.05% iodine). After in vitro desialylation, the bands shifted to a
      higher pH range (pH 4.60 to pH 4.90), but no reduction of the number of bands
      occurred. Even in desialylated Tg microheterogeneity is still dependent on iodine
      content. These results suggest, that the microheterogeneity of Tg is influenced,
      but not caused by different iodine and NANA content. Different polypeptide
      composition may be responsible for the microheterogeneity of Tg. In thyroid
      diseases without disturbance in Tg synthesis (endemic, diffuse and nodular
      goitre, Graves' disease) variations in relative intensity of single bands could
      be related to differences in iodine content. In thyroid cyst fluid and cold
      nodules in addition to low iodinated Tg, further bands were found with pI-values
      comparable to desialylated Tg.

PMID- 3839104
TI  - Families of children with idiopathic hypercalciuria. Evidence for the hormonal
      basis of familial hypercalciuria.
AB  - Six children with idiopathic hypercalciuria and their families were examined with
      an oral calcium loading test. Family members were divided into two clinical
      categories: group 1 consisted of the six index children and their parents and
      siblings with urolithiasis or unexplained hematuria; group 2 comprised the
      remaining parents and siblings without signs or symptoms associated with
      hypercalciuria. The results revealed that fasting urinary excretion of calcium
      was similar in both groups, but group 1 displayed a greater calciuric response to
      an oral calcium load. Serum concentrations of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin
      D3) and calcium were higher in group 1 than in group 2, while parathyroid
      activity was lower in group 1 patients. Urinary excretion of sodium, phosphorus,
      and magnesium, urine pH, serum levels of calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) and
      phosphorus, and the renal tubular threshold for phosphate were not significantly
      different in the two groups. These findings suggest that idiopathic
      hypercalciuria may arise from a disturbance in the regulation of vitamin D
      metabolism that mediates enhanced intestinal absorption of calcium.

PMID- 3839105
TI  - Beneficial effects of naloxone in a patient with intestinal pseudoobstruction.
AB  - A 15-day course of Naloxone treatment was given to a patient with intestinal
      pseudoobstruction who had previously undergone subtotal colectomy with terminal
      ileostomy for invalidating constipation. The effects of the drug were assessed
      according to symptoms, by recording the myoelectric activity of the stomach, and
      by measuring gastric emptying of a radiolabeled solid-liquid meal and the
      intestinal transit time of radiopaque markers. All tests were performed 1) at
      baseline; 2) after 2 wk with Naloxone 1.6 mg subcutaneous per day; and 3) after 8
      days of placebo. Results showed that before treatment gastric emptying of solids
      was delayed, emptying of liquids was normal, myoelectric activity of the stomach
      was normal, small intestinal transit time of radiopaque markers was considerably
      increased while ileal output was markedly decreased. After Naloxone, gastric
      emptying of solids was markedly accelerated, emptying of liquids remained normal,
      gastric electrical spiking activity increased, small intestinal transit time
      strikingly decreased, and ileal output increased. After placebo, a tendency to
      return to pretreatment values was observed. This observation suggests that
      Naloxone may be helpful in the treatment of some patients with intestinal
      pseudoobstruction.

PMID- 3839107
TI  - Automating the purchasing and inventory control functions.
AB  - Factors involved in computerizing the purchasing and inventory control functions
      in hospital pharmacies are described. When initiating an automated purchasing and
      inventory control system, a feasibility study should first be conducted to
      determine the extent of automation needed to develop a cost-effective system. The
      design of the system will depend on the extent to which the department of
      materials management is involved with other hospital departments. The advantages
      and disadvantages of decentralized versus centralized systems are discussed, and
      criteria for selecting hardware and software vendors are presented. A return-on
      investment analysis should be performed to validate the benefits or savings
      expected from implementing the new automated system. Factors to consider during
      implementation of the new system and future developments affecting purchasing and
      inventory control systems, such as bar coding, are discussed. With the current
      concern about rapidly rising health-care costs and the need to enhance
      productivity, the development and implementation of automated purchasing and
      inventory control systems are important strategies for institutions to pursue
      now.

PMID- 3839106
TI  - Hb Regina or alpha 2 beta 2 96(FG3)Leu----Val: a high oxygen affinity variant
      discovered by cation-exchange HPLC.
AB  - Results are reported of studies of the hemoglobin from one member of a Canadian
      family with a mild erythrocytosis. This variant, which accounted for about 40% of
      the hemoglobin, could be separated from Hb A and Hb A2 by cation-exchange
      chromatography. Micro methodology allowed the characterization of a Leu----Val
      replacement at position beta 96(FG3). Hb Regina has an increased oxygen affinity,
      which adequately explains the hematological observations.

PMID- 3839108
TI  - Selecting a personal computer for the home and office.
AB  - Potential uses, reasons for purchasing, and principles in selecting a personal
      computer for the office or home are described. The decision to purchase a
      personal computer involves acquiring basic knowledge, determining generic
      software needs, selecting appropriate hardware, designing the system on paper,
      determining costs, selecting a vendor, and purchasing and implementing the
      system. The user should start with basic equipment and add to the system as
      technology and his own proficiency advance. A personal computer should be
      designed for growth (adaptability), because equipment can quickly become
      obsolete. Purchasing a personal computer requires an organized approach and a
      substantial time commitment both for research before selecting a computer and for
      becoming a proficient user.

PMID- 3839109
TI  - Mass of rigid contact lenses.
AB  - Mass should be considered as one of several clinically malleable physical
      properties of contact lens materials. Lenses with identical posterior surface
      designs and back vertex powers may have different front surface parameters and
      thicknesses when manufactured from materials of several refractive indices.
      Change in anterior surface design affects overall lens volume, which combines
      with differences in specific gravity to change overall lens weight or mass.
      Clinical in situ contact lens performance may be affected in many ways by changes
      in anterior surface profile, volume, and overall mass, although back surface
      design and effective power is held constant. This study presents methodology for
      comparing the predicted mass of specific lens designs made from different rigid
      lens materials. Both theoretical and sample values are presented and discussed.
      Results suggest that specific gravity by itself may be a good clinical guide to
      the relative mass of identically designed lenses made of different materials.
      However, as lens mass can affect lens performance in several ways, it might be
      worthwhile for the clinician and/or manufacturer to develop methods whereby such
      calculations were automatically provided in each individual situation.

PMID- 3839110
TI  - Intestinal absorption of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the rat.
AB  - Intestinal absorption of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] from in vivo
      jejunal sacs was studied in rats with thoracic duct and bile duct cannulas. In 6
      h 86.5% of the administered 1,25(OH)2D3 was absorbed, but only 7.3% was recovered
      in thoracic duct lymph. Appearance in plasma of [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 after
      intrajejunal administration was identical in rats with and without diverting
      lymph cannulas, indicating that the 1,25(OH)2D3 is absorbed almost entirely via
      portal blood. When 1,25(OH)2D3 was instilled into the jejunum in a fat suspension
      without bile salts rather than a mixed micellar solution, less was recovered in
      lymph, but total intestinal absorption was unchanged. High-pressure liquid
      chromatography of a lymph extract demonstrated that 1,25(OH)2D3 was present only
      as the unchanged secosteroid. In lymph, only 4.1% of the 1,25(OH)2D3 was in the
      chylomicrons, with the remainder bound to the plasma protein fraction of lymph.
      Treatment of rats with cycloheximide to block chylomicron synthesis did not
      decrease absorption of 1,25(OH)2D3. These results indicate that intestinal
      absorption of 1,25(OH)2D3 is effective and not very dependent on luminal bile
      salts. Almost all 1,25(OH)2D3 is released from the intestine directly into portal
      blood and does not require packaging in chylomicrons for transport into intestine
      lymph.

PMID- 3839111
TI  - Effects of selective inhibition of thromboxane synthesis on renal function in
      humans.
AB  - Thromboxane A2, a potent vasoconstrictor, is a major metabolite of arachidonic
      acid in the human kidney. To determine the role of thromboxanes in renal
      hemodynamics, we administered the new thromboxane inhibitor dazmegrel or placebo
      to 20 healthy volunteers for 14 days in a double-blind protocol. Dazmegrel
      reduced urinary thromboxane B2 by an average of 68% and serum thromboxane B2 by
      79%, without affecting urinary excretion of the prostacyclin metabolite 6
      ketoprostaglandin F 1 alpha. Neither p-aminohippurate clearance nor inulin
      clearance were altered by thromboxane inhibition. Thus it is unlikely that
      thromboxane A2 plays a major role in the regulation of glomerular function in
      healthy humans.

PMID- 3839112
TI  - Cellular contribution to pH-mediated calcium flux in neonatal mouse calvariae.
AB  - Net calcium flux from cultured neonatal mouse calvariae into the culture medium
      is pH dependent, and acidified culture medium causes egress of calcium from bone.
      To determine whether calcium flux is mediated by pH effects on bone cell
      function, we cultured calvariae for 24 h with sodium azide, acetazolamide,
      parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], or after three
      successive freeze-thaw cycles, treatments that would be expected to alter bone
      cell function. We recultured bones for 3 h with the respective treatment and
      measured calcium flux. Sodium azide and freeze-thaw cycles produced a net influx
      of calcium (JCa = -22 +/- 7 and -23 +/- 6 nmol X bone-1 X 3 h-1, respectively)
      compared with net efflux of control bones (JCa = 35 +/- 6) at a similar initial
      medium pH. Acetazolamide reduced net flux to 0 (JCa = 7 +/- 6). PTH and
      1,25(OH)2D3 increased net calcium efflux from bone (JCa = 78 +/- 7 and 74 +/- 10,
      respectively). Despite changing net flux, the slope dependence of net flux on
      medium pH was the same in the control group and all five treated groups of bones.
      The similarity of slopes indicates that the pH dependence of net flux is not a
      result of pH acting on bone cells but probably an effect of altered mineral
      equilibria. The difference in net flux at similar pH indicates that calcium
      efflux is partially inhibited by acetazolamide and stimulated by both PTH and
      1,25(OH)2D3.

PMID- 3839113
TI  - Estimation of disulfide bonds using 2-nitro-5-thiosulfobenzoic acid: limitations.
AB  - Recently an elegant method for the quantification of the number of disulfide
      bonds in proteins and peptides has been reported [T.W. Thannhauser, Y. Konishi,
      and H.A. Scheraga (1984) Anal. Biochem. 138, 181-188]. The method is based on the
      quantification of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate (NTB) formed from the reaction of 2
      nitro-5-thiosulfobenzoate with disulfides in the presence of excess sodium
      sulfite. Here it is reported that the NTB anion undergoes photochemical reaction
      with excess sulfite in the system, which results in the rapid disappearance of
      absorbance at 412 nm in the presence of light. The nonchromophoric derivative of
      this photochemical reaction is tentatively identified as a sulfo derivative of
      NTB. Based on these observations it is suggested that, for the quantification of
      disulfide bonds using the NTSB method, the assay should be carried out in the
      dark.

PMID- 3839114
TI  - Spinal fluid concentrations of mepivacaine in horses and procaine in cows after
      thoracolumbar subarachnoid analgesia.
AB  - The CSF concentrations of mepivacaine in 10 Standardbred horses and of procaine
      in 10 Holstein cows given the drugs by thoracolumbar subarachnoid injection were
      determined. Mepivacaine hydrochloride was injected into the horses (502 +/- 60.5
      kg) at an average dosage of 30 mg (1.5 ml of 20 mg/ml solution). Analgesia was
      produced 7.5 +/- 4.3 minutes after injection, extended between spinal cord
      segments T13 and L3 on both sides of the spinal column, and lasted 47 +/- 18.7
      minutes at the T18 dermatome. Procaine hydrochloride was injected into cows (614
      +/- 51.5 kg) at a dosage ranging between 75 mg and 100 mg (1.5 ml and 2 ml of 50
      mg/ml solution). Analgesia was produced 8.2 +/- 2.0 minutes after injection,
      extended between spinal cord segments T11 and L4 on both sides of the spinal
      column, and lasted 47 +/- 17.5 minutes at the T13 dermatome. The critical CSF
      concentrations of local anesthetics required to eliminate response to pinprick
      stimulation were 204.4 +/- 90.3 micrograms of mepivacaine/ml in horses and 197.0
      +/- 86.1 micrograms of procaine/ml in cows. Average CSF concentrations at 120
      minutes after injections were made were 16.8 +/- 15.5 micrograms of
      mepivacaine/ml and 30.6 +/- 17.1 micrograms of procaine/ml. In in vitro
      experiments to determine the rates of hydrolysis of mepivacaine and procaine in
      CSF, significant changes (P greater than 0.05) were not seen in the CSF
      concentrations of mepivacaine in horses and procaine in cattle after a 120-minute
      incubation (37 C). The analgesic threshold concentrations of mepivacaine in CSF
      of horses and procaine in CSF of cows were similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3839115
TI  - Dose-titration studies of ivermectin against experimental Ancylostoma caninum and
      Uncinaria stenocephala infections.
AB  - Dose-titration trials of ivermectin were conducted on pups with dual experimental
      infections of 4th-stage larvae or adult Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria
      stenocephala. Ivermectin was administered orally or subcutaneously at dosages of
      0.006, 0.012, or 0.024 mg/kg of body weight. Maximal or near maximal (greater
      than or equal to 96% to 100%) anthelmintic effect was observed for both stages of
      development for each hookworm species by either route of administration at a
      dosage of 0.024 mg/kg. Responses for all of the aforementioned categories were
      linearly related to increasing log dosage of ivermectin, with common slopes
      (regression coefficients). Regression analysis also provided estimates of the
      minimal dosages required to produce maximal reduction in worm burden for each
      stage, species, and route of administration. The estimated ivermectin dosages for
      maximal efficacy ranged from a low of 0.014 mg/kg for adult A caninum by oral
      treatment to 0.044 mg/kg for 4th-stage larvae of U stenocephala by oral
      treatment.

PMID- 3839116
TI  - Package inserts for antituberculosis drugs and tuberculins.

PMID- 3839118
TI  - Lymphoma, hypercalcemia, and serum calcitriol levels.

PMID- 3839117
TI  - [Transient neonatal hyperthyroidism in the child of a treated hyperthyroid
      mother. Subsequent appearance of sexual precocity].
AB  - We report a newborn female with neonatal hyperthyroidism, born to a mother with
      Graves disease treated with potassium iodide and carbimazole. At four months she
      had some breast development, a bone age advance of one year, and elevated levels
      of FSH and estradiol. Later on the prolactin level was also raised, while LH and
      TSH values continued low. Posteriorly, irregular cutaneous pigmentation, brown in
      colour, was evident on the neck and trunk, and a McCune-Albright syndrome was
      suspected. The relationship between these conditions and treatment of them is
      discussed.

PMID- 3839119
TI  - [Intra-arterial chemotherapy for hepatic metastases. Experience of the Pitie
      Salpetriere Hospital Group].
AB  - Intra-arterial chemotherapy of hepatic metastases is theoretically interesting
      because of the essentially arterial blood supply of these metastases in contrast
      with the healthy tissue and because of the theoretical pharmacokinetic advantage
      for certain drugs, depending on their quotient of hepatic extraction and the wole
      body clearance. We have treated 43 patients with this technique. The primary
      cancer was a cancer of the colon in 10 patients, a breast cancer in 16 patients,
      a melanoma in 7 patients and cancers of other sites in 10 patients. The
      chemotherapy was initially administered by selective catheterisation of the
      hepatic artery via an axillary approach and usually consisted of a bolus
      injection of adriamycin 40 mg/m2 and mitomycin 10 mg/m2 and an infusion of 5 FU 1
      g/m2 for 24 to 72 hours. In 15 patients, we surgically implanted a subcutaneous
      reservoir and catheter. To date, we have performed 114 arterial injections via
      the catheter and 60 injections into sub-cutaneous reservoirs. We have observed
      few complications, apart from thrombosis of the axillary artery (3 cases) and of
      the hepatic artery (5 cases). We have obtained 4 complete responses, 16 partial
      responses, 8 stabilisations, 10 failures and, unfortunately, 5 patients died
      rapidly after a single course of chemotherapy and could not be evaluated. The
      response rate was particularly high for the breast cancers (about 60 percent) and
      the cancers of the colon (more than 50 percent). We have also observed 3 complete
      responses in patients treated by intravenous chemotherapy with the same protocol.

PMID- 3839120
TI  - In vitro activity of BMY-28142 in comparison with those of other beta-lactam
      antimicrobial agents.
AB  - The in vitro susceptibility of 406 clinical isolates to BMY-28142, a new
      semisynthetic cephem, was evaluated and compared with cefpimizole, HR 810,
      ceftazidime, cefotaxime, moxalactam, and cefoperazone in a broth microdilution
      assay. On a weight basis, the activity of BMY-28142 against Escherichia coli,
      Proteus species, and Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia was superior to the other
      cephems. Against gentamicin-susceptible and -resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
      BMY-28142 was more active than the other cephems, except ceftazidime and HR 810.
      A total of 74% of gram-negative and 56% of gram-positive isolates resistant to
      third-generation cephalosporins were susceptible to less than or equal to 8
      micrograms of BMY-28142 per ml. Finally, for 83% of tested isolates, the
      bactericidal concentration of BMY-28142 was within one dilution of the inhibitory
      concentration.

PMID- 3839121
TI  - A device for the nondestructive decontamination of large volumes of infected egg
      waste.
AB  - A device for the decontamination of large numbers of infected eggs which remain
      as by-products of vaccine production is described. Homogenates of infected eggs
      were heated to 60 degrees C and maintained at that temperature for 3 h in a
      specially constructed recirculation tank. The infectivity of all detectable
      influenza viruses and more than 99% of the bacteria associated with the
      homogenates was destroyed by this procedure. Eggshell material was separated from
      the proteins present in the homogenate at the end of the heating cycle by means
      of a cyclone separator. The proportions of all the amino acids, except cystine,
      in the proteins remaining in the suspension after the heating cycle were similar
      to that normally present in whole embryos.

PMID- 3839122
TI  - Short-term interactions between DDT and endrin accumulation and elimination in
      mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis).

PMID- 3839123
TI  - Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Alignment of alpha- and beta-subunits of
      the core enzyme along the primary translation product.
AB  - Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase exists in multiple Mr forms, all apparently
      generated from a single polypeptide of 62kDa. On isolation and purification, the
      smallest catalytically active protein of this enzyme consists of two subunits,
      alpha (12kDa) and beta (30kDa). Recently a complementary-DNA nucleotide sequence
      has been reported for a portion of the enzyme from human lymphoblast. We have
      pinpointed the locations of the alpha- and beta-subunits within the elucidated
      nucleotide sequence. From these data, the portions of the nucleotide sequence
      coding for the catalytically important area of the transferase can be estimated.
      Here the amino acid sequence of a number of tryptic peptides from calf alpha- and
      beta-subunits is presented. Because of the striking homology between the amino
      acid sequence of the calf enzyme and that predicted for human lymphoblast enzyme,
      it is possible for us to conclude that the alpha-subunit was generated from the C
      terminus of the precursor protein and the beta-subunit was non-overlapping and
      proximal.

PMID- 3839124
TI  - Evidence for a single rat thyrotropin-beta-subunit gene: thyroidectomy increases
      its mRNA.
AB  - We have isolated and characterized cDNAs representing the rat thyrotropin-beta
      subunit. The cDNAs were prepared from poly(A)+ RNA obtained from rat pituitary
      glands and encode the precursor of the rat thyrotropin-beta-subunit which
      contains a leader or signal peptide of 20 amino acids, and an apoprotein of 118
      amino acids. Blot hybridization analysis of total rat liver DNA digested with
      several restriction enzymes indicates the likelihood of a single gene encoding
      the rat thyrotropin-beta-subunit. In addition, analyses of pituitary RNA from
      normal and thyroidectomized rats indicate that the mRNA encoding the rat
      thyrotropin-beta-subunit is approximately 700 bases in length and its level
      increases 8--10-fold after thyroid gland ablation.

PMID- 3839125
TI  - Isolation and purification of canadaphore, a siderophore produced by
      Helminthosporium carbonum.
AB  - A new siderophore was isolated and purified from the spent growth medium of the
      fungus Helminthosporium carbonum by solvent extraction and reverse phase high
      pressure liquid chromatography. This new molecule has been assigned the name
      Canadaphore. Canadaphore was detected in culture filtrates after 15 days of
      growth and production was maximal after growth of H. carbonum to maximal
      stationary phase in modified Fries basal medium. Production of Canadaphore was
      completely suppressed when the organism was grown in medium supplemented with
      iron. Mass spectral analysis yielded a molecular mass of 680 Daltons for the iron
      Canadaphore complex and 627 Daltons for the iron-free molecule. Spectroscopic
      analysis indicates that Canadaphore is a siderophore of the hydroxamate type.

PMID- 3839126
TI  - Effect of the dialdehyde derivative of 5'-deoxyinosine on pyrimidine
      deoxyribonucleoside metabolism in L1210 cells.
AB  - The effects of the dialdehyde derivatives of inosine (Inox) and 5'-deoxyinosine
      (5'-dInox) on L1210 cells were compared. The growth of L1210 cells was inhibited
      to a greater extent by 5'-dInox than by Inox. The increased inhibition of L1210
      cell growth by 5'-dInox was also reflected by the increased inhibition of the
      incorporation of precursors into RNA, DNA and proteins. Even though 5'-dInox was
      a more potent inhibitor, Inox accumulated in the L1210 cells to levels 4- to 5
      fold greater than 5'-dInox. The metabolism of [5-3H]deoxycytidine and [5
      3H]deoxyuridine by L1210 cells in culture, in the presence of Inox or 5'-dInox,
      indicated that dCMP deaminase was an intracellular site of action for 5'-dInox.
      The dCMP deaminase activity in cell-free extracts prepared from 5'-dInox-treated
      cells was reduced markedly. This decrease in activity was not reversed by
      increased substrate concentrations nor was the activity subject to allosteric
      activation by dCTP. Deoxyuridine and deoxycytidine were able to reverse the
      effects of 5'-dInox on the inhibition of L1210 cell growth.

PMID- 3839127
TI  - Effects of verapamil and dexamethasone on the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-mediated
      calcium absorptive mechanism in the organ-cultured embryonic chick duodenum.
AB  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is known to induce the biosynthesis of a
      specific, calcium-binding protein (CaBP) and to stimulate calcium transport in
      the organ-cultured embryonic chick duodenum. The biosynthesis of CaBP has been
      shown previously to exhibit an absolute dependence on the ambient calcium
      concentration of the culture medium. Verapamil, a calcium-channel blocker,
      decreased calcium influx into the organ-cultured duodenum and inhibited the
      induction of CaBP by 1,25(OH)2D3. Raising ambient calcium concentrations to as
      high as 10 mM did not prevent or reverse the inhibitory actions of verapamil.
      Dexamethasone, known to augment CaBP biosynthesis and calcium uptake in the organ
      cultured duodenum in response to 1,25(OH)2D3, largely prevented inhibition of
      CaBP by verapamil. The actions of verapamil and dexamethasone were correlated
      with altered steady-state calcium concentrations of the organ-culture duodenum,
      strongly supporting a regulatory role of calcium in the 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated,
      intestinal calcium absorptive mechanism.

PMID- 3839128
TI  - 5-(N-phenylcarboxamido)-2-thiobarbituric acid (NSC 336628), a novel potential
      antitumor agent.

PMID- 3839129
TI  - [Structural traits of the antioxidant and fungicidal activity of steroid
      glycosides].
AB  - To investigate the origin of antioxidant and antifungal properties of steroid
      glycosides (SG), a logico-structural analysis of the structure-activity
      relationships has been performed for 70 compounds using a set of computer
      programs STRAC. The following structural features responsible for antioxidant
      activity are revealed: 1) furostanol type of aglycon; 2) the presence of more
      than 4 branched monosaccharides in the carbohydrate chain; 3) the presence of
      glucose at C26 and OH-groups in the genin part of SG. Most characteristic for
      antifungal activity is the fragment genin-C3-Gal-Glc-Glc-Rha..., as well as the
      spirostanol type of aglycon. The computer analysis provided the basis for
      predicting a type of biological activity for 12 new compounds of the SG class.

PMID- 3839130
TI  - Cochlear implant.

PMID- 3839131
TI  - Thalassaemia genes in Peninsular Arabs.
AB  - The haematological indices of Peninsular Arabs (United Arab Emirate Nationals,
      Yemeni and Omani) have been examined. The most outstanding feature, seen in 40
      50% of all subjects, was one of hypochromia, microcytosis associated with
      erythrocytosis. In approximately 5% the hypochromia was severe (MCH 19-22 pg) and
      20% of these were found to have beta thalassaemia trait. In 10% of subjects the
      hypochromia was moderate (MCH 23-24 pg) and beta thalassaemia was confirmed in
      only 10%. The remaining 25% had a mild hypochromia (MCH 25-27 pg) and no beta
      thalassaemia was detected. The cause of the hypochromia in subjects with a normal
      Hb A2 (30% of the total population) is probably alpha thalassaemia, firstly
      because in those patients with an MCH of 19-24 pg the other haematological
      parameters are statistically the same as those with proven beta thalassaemia and,
      secondly, in those with an MCH of 25-27 pg iron deficiency is not common (6% of
      the population). The degree and pattern of the distribution of hypochromia of the
      three major ethnic groups of the Peninsular Arabs could be explained either by
      different alpha and beta thalassaemia genes being operative or by different
      degrees of inbreeding of the same genes.

PMID- 3839132
TI  - Effects of replacement of the hydroxyl group of cholesterol and tocopherol on the
      thermotropic behavior of phospholipid membranes.
AB  - The role of the hydroxyl groups of cholesterol and tocopherol in mediating their
      interaction with phospholipid bilayers has been a subject of considerable
      interest. We have examined this question by using derivatives of cholesterol and
      tocopherol in which the hydroxyl group is esterified to succinate. The
      hemisuccinate esters of cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol can be readily
      incorporated into phospholipid membranes and in fact can by themselves form
      closed membrane vesicles as demonstrated by the encapsulation of [3H]sucrose. The
      thermotropic behavior of mixtures containing each succinate ester and
      phospholipid was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The effect of
      cholesteryl hemisuccinate on the thermotropic properties of
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine is very
      similar to that of cholesterol. This indicates that the 3 beta-OH is not required
      for the formation of a cholesterol-phospholipid complex. In mixtures of
      tocopherol acid succinate and phospholipids the peak transition temperature is
      progressively shifted to lower temperatures as the mole fraction of alpha
      tocopherol succinate is increased, while the enthalpy of the transition is only
      slightly affected. At a tocopherol succinate/phospholipid molar ratio of 9/1 a
      phase transition is still detectable. A comparison between tocopherol succinate
      and tocopherol indicates that the substitution of the hydroxyl group reduces the
      interaction of tocopherol with phospholipids to a small but measurable extent.
      Thus, the hydroxyl group of tocopherol is more important than the hydroxyl group
      of cholesterol in influencing their interactions with phospholipids.

PMID- 3839133
TI  - Lipid phase separations induced by the association of cholera toxin to
      phospholipid membranes containing ganglioside GM1.
AB  - The interactions of cholera toxin and their isolated binding and active subunits
      with phospholipid bilayers containing the toxin receptor ganglioside GM1 have
      been studied by using high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry and
      steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopy. The
      results of this investigation indicate that cholera toxin associates with
      phospholipid bilayers containing ganglioside GM1, independent of the physical
      state of the membrane. In the absence of Ca2+, calorimetric scans of intact
      cholera toxin bound to dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) large unilamellar
      vesicles containing ganglioside GM1 result in a broadening of the lipid phase
      transition peak and a slight decrease (less than 5%) in the transition enthalpy.
      In the presence of Ca2+ concentrations sufficient to cause ganglioside phase
      separation, the association of the intact toxin to the membrane results in a
      significant decrease of enthalpy change for the lipid transition, indicating that
      under these conditions the toxin molecule perturbs the hydrophobic core of the
      bilayer. Calorimetric scans using isolated binding subunits lacking the
      hydrophobic toxic subunit did not exhibit a decrease in the phospholipid
      transition enthalpy even in the presence of Ca2+, indicating that the binding
      subunits per se do not perturb the hydrophobic core of the bilayer. On the other
      hand, the hydrophobic A1 subunit by itself was able to reduce the phospholipid
      transition enthalpy when reconstituted into DPPC vesicles. These calorimetric
      observations were confirmed by fluorescence experiments using pyrene
      phospholipids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3839134
TI  - Peptide transport in rabbit intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles studied
      with a potential-sensitive dye.
AB  - Peptide transport in purified rabbit intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles
      has been studied using a potential-sensitive fluorescent dye, di-S-C3(5).
      Transport of dipeptides is accompanied by an increase in the fluorescence of the
      dye in the presence and absence of Na+, indicating electrogenic, Na+-independent
      peptide transport. Dipeptides containing D-amino acids also increase the
      fluorescence, showing that these peptides too possess significant affinity for
      the peptide transport system. beta-Alanylglycylglycine and prolylglycylglycine,
      very much like the dipeptides, increase the fluorescence even in the absence of
      Na+ which demonstrates the Na+-independent, electrogenic transport of
      tripeptides. However, concentrations needed for half-maximal fluorescence changes
      are higher for tripeptides than for dipeptides suggesting different affinities
      for the carriers. The studies, in addition, provide evidence for the existence of
      more than one carrier system for translocation of small peptides in rabbit
      intestinal brush-border membrane.

PMID- 3839135
TI  - Uptake of antineoplastic agents into large unilamellar vesicles in response to a
      membrane potential.
AB  - Many drugs exhibit lipophilic and cationic (basic) characteristics. Previous
      studies have shown that lipophilic cations can be accumulated into model membrane
      'liposomal' (vesicular) systems in response to establishing a membrane potential
      (inside negative) across the vesicle membrane. We demonstrate here that the
      anticancer drugs, adriamycin and vinblastine, can be rapidly accumulated into egg
      phosphatidylcholine large unilamellar vesicles in response to a valinomycin
      dependent K+ diffusion potential (delta psi) to achieve high effective interior
      concentrations. Further, trapping efficiencies approaching 100% can be easily
      achieved. The influence of lipid composition and the requirement for valinomycin
      have been examined for adriamycin. Equimolar cholesterol levels inhibit the
      uptake process at 20 degrees C. However, incubation at higher temperature results
      in enhanced uptake. Similarly, the presence of egg phosphatidylserine or
      incubation at elevated temperatures results in significant adriamycin uptake in
      the absence of valinomycin. It is shown that the adriamycin retention time in the
      vesicles is enhanced by an order of magnitude or more when actively trapped by
      the presence of a membrane potential in comparison to passive trapping
      procedures. It is suggested that such active trapping procedures may be of use
      for loading liposomal systems for drug delivery applications, and may provide
      avenues for controlled release of encapsulated material.

PMID- 3839136
TI  - Atypical Langmuir adsorption of inhalation anesthetics on phospholipid monolayer
      at various compressional states: difference between alkane-type and ether-type
      anesthetics.
AB  - Adsorption of chloroform, halothane, enflurane and diethyl ether on the air/water
      interface was compared with adsorption on the dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
      monolayer, spread on the air/water interface, at four compressional states; 88.5,
      77.0, 66.5 and 50.5 A2 surface area per phosphatidylcholine molecule. Anesthetics
      were administered from the gas phase. The affinities of these agents to the
      phosphatidylcholine monolayer varied according to the state of the monolayer.
      Chloroform and halothane showed a stronger affinity to the highly compressed
      phosphatidylcholine monolayer (50.5 A2) than to the expanded monolayer (88.5 A2)
      or to the air/water interface without the monolayer. Diethyl ether behaved in
      reverse; a stronger affinity to the expanded monolayer was exhibited than to the
      compressed monolayer. Enflurane showed the highest affinity to the intermediately
      compressed monolayer (77.0 A2). The adsorption isotherm of anesthetics to the
      monolayer was characterized by atypical Langmuir-type, in which available number
      of binding sites changed when anesthetics were adsorbed. The mode of adsorption
      onto the monolayer was dissimilar to adsorption onto air/water interface, where
      adsorption followed the Gibbs surface excess. A theory is presented to explain
      the above differences. The adsorbed anesthetic molecules do not stick to
      phosphatidylcholine molecules but penetrate into the monolayer lattice and occupy
      the phosphatidylcholine sites at the interface. Quantitative agreement between
      the theory and the experimental data was excellent. For the monolayer at 50.5 A2
      compression, the changes in the transfer free energy accompanying the anesthetic
      adsorption from the gas phase to the monolayer were in the order of chloroform
      greater than halothane greater than enflurane greater than diethyl ether, in
      agreement with the clinical potencies.

PMID- 3839137
TI  - Mechanism of stimulation of renal phosphate transport by 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol.
AB  - Vitamin D has been shown to stimulate renal phosphate transport and to alter
      membrane phospholipid composition. The present studies examine the possibility
      that the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on phosphate transport are related to its effects
      on membrane lipids. Arrhenius plots, which relate maximum rates of sodium
      dependent phosphate uptake into brush-border membrane vesicles to temperature
      were constructed. Phosphate transport was studied using brush-border membrane
      vesicles from normal, vitamin D-deficient, and physiologically replete (15
      pmol/100 g body weight per 24 h) rats. These plots were triphasic with
      characteristic, lipid-dependent, slopes (M1,M2,M3) representing activation
      energies and transition temperatures (T1,T2). Physiologic 1,25(OH)2D3 repletion
      normalized these plots by stimulating phosphate transport at all temperatures,
      increasing T2 from 18 +/- 0.7 to 23.5 +/- 0.9 degrees C and decreasing M2 and M3
      from -5.8 +/- 0.2 and -10.2 +/- 0.4 to -4.5 +/- 0.4 and -7.7 +/- 0.3,
      respectively. Pharmacologic (1.2 nmol/100 g per 3 h) 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment
      resulted in a change in the Arrhenius plot of phosphate transport to a biphasic
      one with a transition temperature of 30 degrees C. This effect was not blocked by
      cycloheximide. The Arrhenius plots of glucose transport were triphasic and
      unchanged with vitamin D repletion. These data support a liponomic mechanism of
      action for 1,25(OH)2D3 on phosphate transport.

PMID- 3839138
TI  - Substrate specificity of human plasma phospholipid transfer protein.
AB  - The ability of human plasma phospholipid transfer protein to transfer L-alpha
      [14C]dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) from donor vesicles to acceptor high
      density lipoproteins (HDL) was examined, using vesicles of different compositions
      and sizes, and native or chemically modified HDL. Phosphatidylcholine (PC)
      transfer was inhibited by both cholesterol and sphingomyelin incorporation into
      egg-PC vesicles. On a molar basis, cholesterol inhibited transfer about 5-fold
      more than sphingomyelin; however, the effects of both lipids on the fluidity of
      the vesicle membrane (measured by fluorescence polarization of
      diphenylhexatriene), were closely correlated with their effects on PC transfer
      activity. Increase in vesicle size, and decrease in bilayer curvature, also
      reduced transfer: the largest vesicles had no transfer activity at all. Addition
      of phosphatidic acid up to 17 mol% had no effect on PC transfer. HDL
      apolipoprotein lysyl residues were chemically modified by reductive methylation,
      citraconylation, or acetoacetylation. The effects of modification on the
      apolipoprotein structure and on the HDL particle were assessed by intrinsic
      fluorescence measurements, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns, and
      gel chromatography. Only acetoacetylation significantly affected any of these
      parameters. The ability of HDL to accept PC in the absence of phospholipid
      transfer protein decreased with an increase in apolipoprotein negative charge
      while, in the presence of phospholipid transfer protein, the acceptor ability of
      HDL increased up to 1.7-fold with an initial increase in negative charge and then
      decreased, ultimately to zero, upon extensive modification.

PMID- 3839139
TI  - Liposomes of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine associate with natural surfactant.
AB  - Unilamellar liposomes of an average diameter of 0.05 micron formed by sonication
      of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine associate in vitro with the large aggregate
      forms of natural surfactant. The liposomal-surfactant aggregates are stable and
      previously associated liposomes are not released from the aggregates by the
      addition of more liposomes. Radiolabeled liposomes, surfactant, and preformed
      liposomal-surfactant aggregates were injected at a dose of 8-10 mg lipid (about 2
      times the endogenous surfactant pool size) into the airways of 3-day-old rabbits.
      Following airway injection, labeled phosphatidylcholine from the liposomal
      surfactant aggregates were recovered in approximately equal amounts by alveolar
      wash and in the residual lung tissue fractions. This recovery pattern and the
      clearance kinetics were equivalent for 48 h after airway injection to those
      measured with radiolabeled surfactant alone. In contrast, following the injection
      of liposomes alone, labeled phosphatidylcholine from the liposomes was recovered
      primarily by alveolar wash at 3 and 24 h. The overall clearance of the liposomal
      derived phosphatidylcholine from the lung was more rapid than was the clearance
      of the phosphatidylcholine from the surfactant or liposome-surfactant complexes.
      Liposomes can interact with surfactant in vitro, and the liposomes associated
      with the surfactant aggregate have a metabolic fate in vivo similar to surfactant
      and different from liposomes alone.

PMID- 3839140
TI  - Catabolism of arylglycerol-beta-aryl ethers lignin model compounds by Pseudomonas
      cepacia 122.
AB  - Pseudomonas cepacia 122 can grow on several lignin model compounds including the
      arylglycerol-beta-aryl ethers guaiacylglycerol-beta-coniferyl ether and
      guaiacylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether. Non-phenolic lignin model compounds are not
      degraded by this bacterium. The enzyme system catalyzing guaiacylglycerol-beta
      guaiacyl ether dissimilation in Pseudomonas cepacia 122 is inducible and
      repressed by glucose. Guaiacylglycerol and guaiacylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether
      were identified as intermediates in guaiacylglycerol-beta-coniferyl ether
      catabolism. Guaiacol, guaiacoxyethanol, vanillin and vanillic acid were
      identified as intermediates of guaiacylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether breakdown
      indicating that a C alpha-C beta splitting mechanism is involved in the
      degradation of aryl-alkyl ethers by this bacterium.

PMID- 3839141
TI  - Computer simulation of an ideal lateral inhibition function.
AB  - A model for lateral inhibition is presented in the context of the auditory
      channel. The mechanical analyzing system of the inner ear cannot alone account
      for the frequency resolution of hearing. Some additional mechanism, possibly
      lateral inhibition located in the auditory neural network, is needed to achieve
      the frequency selectivity observed in electrophysiological and psychoacoustical
      experiments. In a computer simulation study, the shape of an ideal lateral
      inhibition function was obtained. Such a function is applicable to all sensory
      modalities. In hearing, this function permits the sharpest possible frequency
      resolution as it can completely remove the frequency desharpening effect of the
      mechanical properties of the basilar membrane. In vision, it can compensate for
      abberations caused by the imperfections of the optical system of the eye.

PMID- 3839142
TI  - An overall description of retinotopic mapping in the cat's visual cortex areas
      17, 18, and 19.
AB  - Mathematical functions are derived which model the retinotopic mapping in the
      cat's visual cortical areas 17, 18, and 19. All three mappings are simple
      modifications of a complex power function with an exponent of 0.43. This function
      is decomposed so as to give an intermediate stage which is common to all three
      mappings and can be regarded as a model of the lateral geniculate nucleus
      mapping. The influence of retinotopic mapping on visual receptive fields was
      studied. The results show that a dependence of the receptive field properties on
      the position in the visual field is to be expected.

PMID- 3839143
TI  - Statistical power of the controlled research on wheat gluten and schizophrenia.

PMID- 3839144
TI  - The use of meniscal fibrocartilage as a surface arthroplasty to effect the repair
      of osteochondral defects: an experimental study.
AB  - Meniscal fibrocartilage autografts, homografts, glutaraldehyde treated homografts
      and glutaraldehyde treated xenografts were inserted into articular defects in the
      rabbit patello-femoral groove. They appeared capable of restoring a functional
      articular surface. Considerable variation in the type of bond formed between the
      host and graft occurred but no evidence of rejection was observed. This tissue
      would appear to offer potential for restoring localized articular osteochondral
      defects.

PMID- 3839145
TI  - [Spontaneous tumors in athymic rats].
AB  - Three cases of spontaneous tumors (one benign and two malignant) are reported in
      nude rats bred at the All-Union Cancer Research Center, Academy of Medical
      Sciences of the USSR. An eight-month-old rat developed a sebaceous adenoma in the
      region of the abdomen. The other one-year old rat developed hemoblastosis with
      infiltrations in the lung, liver, kidneys, spleen, and lymph nodes. A 4-month-old
      rat developed colloidal (follicular) thyroid cancer.

PMID- 3839146
TI  - [Differentiation characteristics of circulating and bone marrow hematopoietic
      stem cells and the effect of thymus factors].
AB  - Circulating hemopoietic stem cells (HSC) considerably differ from bone marrow HSC
      in active erythroid differentiation. After thymectomy of adult animals the number
      and differentiation of blood HSC remain unchanged, whereas during the cloning of
      bone marrow cells, a decrease in the number of granulocytic colonies is revealed.
      In in-vitro experiments, thymalin does not influence the number or
      differentiation of circulating HSC. On the contrary, in experiments made in vivo,
      it dramatically lowers erythroid specialization of blood HSC in thymectomized and
      sham-operated mice, which is followed by the diminution of the total number of
      circulating HSC. Differentiation of thymectomized mice bone marrow stem cells is
      completely normalized after thymalin injection. Sham-operated and thymectomized
      animals' HSC stimulated by thymalin injection become similar to bone marrow cells
      of normal mice as regards the trend of differentiation. Thymalin injection is
      likely to change the bone marrow HSC differentiation profile, thereby preventing
      the release of the cells with erythroid-oriented differentiation from the bone
      marrow to blood. The influence of thymalin on HSC is mediated by the
      environmental component which is present in the bone marrow and absent from the
      peripheral blood.

PMID- 3839147
TI  - A computer-based test system for implementing pure-tone audiometry, acoustic
      immittance and tympanic membrane displacement measurements.
AB  - Valuable information on functional features of the auditory system may be gained
      by measuring the fine structure and time course of the acoustic stapedial reflex.
      This type of measurement invariable needs a computer for averaging the reflex
      response and the analysis of its salient features. This paper describes a
      'Computerised Audiometric System' (CAS) which allows an integrated approach to
      certain audiometric tests, including pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry. In
      particular, 'tympanic membrane displacement' and acoustic immittance measurements
      have been combined to allow a comprehensive study of the reflex characteristics
      to be made. The purpose of this paper is twofold; first to describe the CAS in
      respect of reflex measurements; secondly, to describe the design of a practical
      computerised audiometric system which may be used for a wide variety of clinical
      testing and research. Features of special mention are the modular design strategy
      used, which makes the system an extremely versatile research tool as well as a
      potentially valuable addition to the audiology clinic, and menu-driven software
      written in FORTH, which allows complex test paradigms to be learnt and reliably
      implemented with a minimum of training. The prototype facility has been used
      extensively for research over the past 18 months, and a second is now installed
      in the Wessex Regional Audiology Centre. Both facilities will be linked to a
      patient data bank now under development.

PMID- 3839148
TI  - A computer program for urology.
AB  - Modern information technology offers new opportunities for the storage and
      manipulation of clinical data within hospital departments. We have designed and
      put into use a microcomputer system for urology. Its basic structure and main
      functions are described.

PMID- 3839149
TI  - Connections and oculomotor projections of the superior vestibular nucleus and
      cell group 'y'.
AB  - Attempts were made to determine brainstem and cerebellar afferent and efferent
      projections of the superior vestibular nucleus (SVN) and cell group 'y' ('y') in
      the cat using axoplasmic tracers. Injections of HRP, WGA-HRP and [3H]amino acids
      were made into SVN and 'y' using two different infratentorial stereotaxic
      approaches. Controls were provided by unilateral HRP injections involving the
      oculomotor nuclear complex (OMC), the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) and the
      deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). Large injections of SVN almost invariably involved
      'y' and dorsal parts of the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN). Smaller injections
      involved central and ventral peripheral parts of SVN. Discrete injections of 'y'
      involved small dorsal parts of LVN. Afferents to SVN are derived mainly from the
      vestibular nuclei (VN) and parts of the vestibulocerebellum. SVN receives
      afferents: bilaterally from caudal portions of the medial (MVN) and inferior
      (IVN) vestibular nuclei and 'y'; contralaterally from ventral and lateral parts
      of SVN and rostral MVN; and ipsilaterally from the nodulus, uvula and medial
      parts of the flocculus. Purkinje cells (PC) in medial parts of the flocculus
      project to central regions of SVN, while PC in the nodulus and uvula appear to
      project mainly to dorsal peripheral regions of SVN. SVN receives sparse
      projections from the ipsilateral INC, the contralateral central cervical nucleus
      (CCN) and virtually no projections from the reticular formation. SVN projects via
      the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) to the ipsilateral trochlear nucleus
      (TN), the inferior rectus subdivision of the OMC, the INC, the nucleus of
      Darkschewitsch (ND) and the rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF (RiMLF).
      Contralateral projections of SVN cross in the ventral tegmentum caudal to most of
      the decussating fibers of the superior cerebellar peduncle and terminate in the
      dorsal rim of the TN and the superior rectus and inferior oblique subdivisions of
      the OMC; sparse crossed projections enter the INC and the ND. Cerebellar
      projections of SVN end as mossy fibers in the ipsilateral nodulus, uvula and in
      medial parts of the flocculus bilaterally. Retrograde transport from unilateral
      injections of the OMC indicate that afferents from SVN arise ipsilaterally from
      central and dorsal regions and contralaterally from dorsal peripheral regions.
      Ventral cell group 'y' receives small numbers of afferent fibers from caudal
      central parts of the ipsilateral flocculus. No fibers from ventral 'y' could be
      traced to other vestibular nuclei, the OMC or the cerebellum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3839150
TI  - Occipital cortical neurons with transient pyramidal tract axons extend and
      maintain collaterals to subcortical but not intracortical targets.
AB  - During the early postnatal development of the rat large numbers of pyramidal
      tract neurons are present in layer V of the occipital cortex, but by the end of
      the third postnatal week the distribution of pyramidal tract neurons becomes
      restricted to the more rostral cortical areas. This restriction is brought about
      by selective collateral elimination rather than by cell death. We have found, by
      using retrogradely transported fluorescent dyes as either short-term or long-term
      markers, that occipital cortical neurons which had transiently extended pyramidal
      tract axons maintain subcortical axonal connections to either the superior
      colliculus or the pons, and, at least in the case of the corticotectal
      projection, that the maintained collateral is present prior to the elimination of
      the transient pyramidal tract collateral. Further, it appears that at no time
      during postnatal development do the occipital pyramidal tract neurons form either
      callosal or ipsilateral cortico-cortical collaterals. Thus in the early postnatal
      occipital cortex the neurons which project through the pyramidal tract constitute
      a population of cells which is separate from neurons which make cortico-cortical
      connections, but which largely overlaps with the population of corticotectal and
      corticopontine neurons.

PMID- 3839152
TI  - The ultrastructural identification of reticulo-hypoglossal axon terminals
      anterogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - Injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or wheat-germ agglutinin-horseradish
      peroxidase (WGA-HRP) into the nucleus reticularis parvocellularis (RPc) produced
      anterograde labeling of axon terminals within the hypoglossal nucleus. Based on
      morphological parameters of vesicle population, membrane specializations, and
      postsynaptic articulations, two types of axon terminals derived from neurons in
      RPc end on hypoglossal neurons. More than half of the terminals contained
      spherical vesicles (S-type), established asymmetrical membrane specializations
      and contacted proximal and medium-sized dendrites. The remaining labeled
      terminals had flattened vesicles (F-type), symmetrical membrane densities and
      apposed medium and small dendrites. The morphological differences expressed in
      the two types of terminals may reflect physiological and/or pharmacological
      differences in the action of RPc neurons on motoneurons in the hypoglossal
      nucleus.

PMID- 3839151
TI  - A quantitative comparison of the efficiency of orthograde axonal transport and
      transsynaptic transport of iodinated (125I) wheat germ agglutinin (I-WGA) and
      horseradish peroxidase labeled I-WGA (I-WGA-HRP) in the rat visual system.
AB  - A quantitative study of the orthograde axonal transport of iodinated wheat germ
      agglutinin (I-WGA) and I-WGA conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (I-WGA-HRP)
      demonstrated labeling of both the lateral geniculate nucleus and the visual
      cortex following intraocular injections. I-WGA was 13 times more efficient than I
      WGA-HRP as a marker of the primary projection from the retina to the geniculate
      and 3 times more efficient than I-WGA-HRP as a marker of the second order
      projection to the cortex.

PMID- 3839153
TI  - Cortical projections to superficial laminae of the dorsal horn and to the ventral
      horn of the spinal cord in the North American opossum. Studies using the
      orthograde transport of WGA-HRP.
AB  - The orthograde transport of horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ
      agglutinin (WGA-HRP) has been used to study the distribution of corticospinal
      axons in adult and pouch-young opossums. As predicted from the results of
      degeneration and autoradiographic experiments, injections of WGA-HRP into limb
      areas of somatic motor-sensory cortex labeled axons in the dorsal and lateral
      funiculi of the cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord which could be traced to
      dense terminal zones in laminae III-VI. In addition, we obtained evidence for the
      presence of a few cortical axons in the ventral white matter and for innervation
      of the medial part of laminae I and II, laminae VII and VIII and lamina X. A few
      cortical axons are even present in lamina IX.

PMID- 3839154
TI  - Neodymium: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy: visual acuity outcome and intraocular
      pressure elevation.
AB  - A Q-switched neodymium: YAG laser was used to perform 67 posterior capsulotomies
      in 67 patients. A clear visual axis was produced in all the eyes. The visual
      acuity improved by one or more Snellen lines in 90% of the eyes, and the final
      visual acuity was 20/40 (6/12) or better in 78% of the eyes. Cystoid macular
      edema developed in two patients after capsulotomy. Increases in intraocular
      pressure were most prevalent in the early postoperative period. No significant
      correlation was found between the acute pressure rise and the laser energy used,
      a previous history of glaucoma or the presence of an intraocular lens. After 6
      months of follow-up none of the eyes showed a permanent pressure elevation.

PMID- 3839155
TI  - Sexually transmitted disease in Canada in 1983.

PMID- 3839156
TI  - Chemohormonal therapy and endocrine function in breast cancer patients.
AB  - The administration of CMFVP (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil,
      vincristine, and prednisone) results in profound alterations in hormonal profiles
      of premenopausal women due to a reduction in ovarian and adrenal secretion of
      estrogens and androgens. Cytotoxic chemotherapy results in ovarian suppression as
      documented by decreases in estradiol with concomitant elevations in pituitary
      gonadotrophins, whereas the addition of prednisone to the cytotoxic regimen
      results in significant decreases in androgen levels due to adrenal suppression.
      In postmenopausal women, CMFVP also results in significant decreases in estrogens
      and estrogen precursors due to suppression of adrenal steroid metabolism.
      Continuous low-dose prednisone administration during cytotoxic chemotherapy
      appears to be more effective than an intermittent high-dose schedule in achieving
      and sustaining adrenal suppression. However, complete elimination of adrenal
      steroidogenesis does not occur in all cases since measurable amounts of adrenal
      steroids remain in the serum throughout chemohormonal therapy. The administration
      of tamoxifen plus CMFVP is associated with hyperestrogenemia in younger
      premenopausal patients which persists until the onset of ovarian suppression.

PMID- 3839157
TI  - The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group experience with cyclophosphamide,
      adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - Data on 162 women (90 premenopausal and 72 postmenopausal) with metastatic breast
      cancer randomized to receive cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and 5
      fluorouracil (CAF) on two Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) protocols
      were analyzed. Twenty-three percent had complete remission; 39% had partial
      remission; 28% had no change; and 3% had disease progression. Of those patients
      in whom receptors were known, response rates were 65% for estrogen (ER)-receptor
      positive and 70% for ER-negative patients. The median duration of response was
      11.4 months. The median survival time from the start of CAF was 20.2 months. The
      response rate, time to treatment failure (TTF), and median survival time were
      superior in the premenopausal women. These differences ceased, however, to be
      statistically significant in logistic models. Factors significantly associated
      with longer TTF and longer survival were as follows: one or two organs with
      metastases (TTF, P less than 0.0001; survival, P less than 0.0001); dominant site
      other than soft tissue (TTF, P less than 0.0001; survival, P = 0.05); and an
      initial good performance status (TTF, P = 0.007; survival, P = 0.02). Patients
      with ER-positive disease had a significantly longer median survival time (P =
      0.003).

PMID- 3839158
TI  - Intrathecal chemoprophylaxis in the prevention of central nervous system relapse
      in Burkitt's lymphoma.
AB  - A retrospective review of patients treated for endemic Burkitt's lymphoma in
      Ghana was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of intrathecal (IT)
      chemoprophylaxis in preventing central nervous system (CNS) relapse. Patients
      treated before 1974 received no IT chemoprophylaxis and those treated between
      1974 and 1979 received IT methotrexate in addition to systemic chemotherapy. In
      patients presenting with facial disease only (Stages I-II), there was no
      significant difference in the frequency of CNS relapse between those receiving IT
      chemoprophylaxis and those not receiving any. CNS relapse was, however,
      significantly reduced in patients presenting with abdominal disease (Stage III)
      who received IT chemoprophylaxis in addition to systemic combination therapy.
      This was associated with an improved survival.

PMID- 3839159
TI  - Combined cryosurgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiotherapeutic management of T1
      4N0M0 oral cavity cancers.
AB  - Eighty-four previously untreated patients (69 males, 15 females) with squamous
      carcinoma of the tongue (30 patients), floor of the mouth (30), cheek (16), and
      retromolar region (8) were treated using a protocol comprising cryosurgery +
      chemotherapy, followed by external 60Co radiotherapy. The follow-up period was at
      least 6 months (median, 50 months). Cryosurgery (1-2 sessions in 49 T1-2 cases; 2
      4 in 35 T3-4 cases) was accompanied by a CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5
      fluorouracil) schedule (T1-2, two courses; T3-4, three courses). Radiotherapy was
      given 15 to 20 days after combined cryochemotherapy (T1, 50 Gy on tumor and lymph
      nodes; T2-3-4, same with an extra dose of 10 to 15 Gy on the primary lesion).
      Complete remission was reached 4 months after treatment in 76 of 84 patients
      (90.5%). Survival with no evidence of disease (NED) in the 57 patients (27 T1-2,
      30 T3-4) with a follow-up of more than 3 years was 59.6% for the series as a
      whole, 70.3% for T1-2, and 50.0% for T3-4; 78.2% for the tongue, 52.6% for the
      floor, 66.6% for the cheek, and 0% for the retromolar region. The picture was
      much the same after 5 years. Actuarial survival at 6 years was 66% in the series
      as a whole, 75.5% in T1-2, and 57.5% in T3-4 (tongue 86.9%, floor 56.1%, cheek
      68.4%, and retromolar region 0%). It is believed that the results obtained in
      tumors of the tongue, floor and cheek, coupled with the conservative aspects of
      the protocol, make it a suitable subject for a controlled trial.

PMID- 3839160
TI  - Weight gain in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for carcinoma of the
      breast.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for carcinoma of the
      breast were evaluated for frequency and amount of weight gained during treatment.
      No difference with respect to age, menopausal status, estrogen receptor status,
      nodal status, biochemical parameters, or treatment regimen (CMF versus CMFVP)
      were seen. The gain in weight seen in some 50% of the patients treated seems to
      be a function of a decrease in activity level during treatment.

PMID- 3839161
TI  - Pulmonary lymphomas and other pulmonary lymphoid lesions. A clinicopathologic and
      immunologic study of 64 patients.
AB  - Sixty-four patients with lymphoid lesions involving the lung were separated into
      three groups. In 32 patients, the predominant lymphoid cell population consisted
      of small, mature-appearing round lymphocytes with or without plasmacytoid
      features. This group, designated small lymphocytic proliferation (SLP),
      represents a heterogeneous group of pulmonary lymphocytic lesions including small
      lymphocytic lymphoma, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, and lymphoid
      hyperplasia (pseudolymphoma). Thirteen SLP patients were identified as having
      small lymphocytic lymphoma on the basis of monoclonality, progressive disease in
      other sites, or both. This group was morphologically identical to the remainder
      of the SLP patients, except for a higher incidence of plasmacytoid features (P =
      0.003) and a greater degree of mast cell infiltration (P less than 0.05). Four of
      these 13 patients subsequently developed an aggressive large cell lymphoma
      resulting in death in three patients. The median survival for all of the SLP
      patients has not yet been reached. Patients in whom a monoclonal cell population
      could be established showed a slightly worse prognosis of borderline statistical
      significance (P = 0.09); however, the presence of a serum monoclonal gammopathy
      conveyed a significantly worse prognosis (P = 0.003). The remaining two groups of
      patients had various forms of malignant lymphoma other than the small lymphocytic
      type. One group of 12 patients, designated as having presumed primary lymphoma
      limited to one or both lungs (PL), had a prolonged course with a median survival
      of 117 months. The remaining 20 patients had disseminated lymphoma also involving
      lung (DL); DL patients had a shorter median survival of 33 months.

PMID- 3839162
TI  - Rapid pulmonary dissemination in mycosis fungoides simulating pneumonia. A case
      report and review of the literature.
AB  - Mycosis fungoides is a neoplastic disease with extranodal dissemination most
      frequently to the lung. The roentgenographic and clinical manifestations in these
      patients may simulate pneumonia and delay appropriate treatment. Disseminated
      disease is thought to occur in the setting of involvement of the peripheral blood
      with the neoplastic cells. A case of rapid pulmonary involvement with mycosis
      fungoides which simulated pneumonia is presented in which there was no peripheral
      blood manifestation of the disease.

PMID- 3839163
TI  - Continuous infusion of spinally administered narcotics for the relief of pain due
      to malignant disorders.
AB  - The INFUSAID model #400 totally implantable drug delivery system was implanted in
      17 patients for the continuous infusion of spinally administered preservative
      free morphine sulfate. Sixteen patients had pain of malignant origin, and one
      patient had pain secondary to meningomyelocele. Over time, there was a consistent
      mean improvement in analgesia scores ranging from 50% to 70% of the control
      levels for 16 of the patients with cancer-related pain. This form of pain therapy
      was not successful in treating the benign pain of the patient with
      meningomyelocele. Overall, the patients with cancer were pleased with their pain
      therapy, experienced few complications, and reported improved quality of life.
      Continuous infusion of spinally administered narcotics using a totally
      implantable drug delivery system such as the INFUSAID model #400 is a safe,
      complication-free procedure for the control of cancer-related pain.

PMID- 3839164
TI  - Monooxygenase induction by various xenobiotics and its influence on the rat liver
      microsomal metabolite profile of benz[a]anthracene.
AB  - Several pesticides (lindane, carbaryl, pentachlorophenol, DDT), polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and heterocyclic analogues (fluoranthene,
      dibenz[a,h]anthracene, dibenz[a,h]acridine, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, 10
      azabenzo[a]pyrene) and pharmaceuticals (diphenylhydantoin, ethinylestradiol,
      levonorgestrel) were tested for their potencies to induce monooxygenase
      activities in the rat liver by means of recording the metabolite profile of
      benz[a]anthracene in rat liver microsomal incubations. Some of them were found to
      be weak or moderate inducers, but even less efficient ones altered the
      benz[a]anthracene metabolite profile significantly. Only indeno [1,2,3-cd]pyrene
      stimulated the bay-region oxidation of benz[a]anthracene. A sex-dependent
      metabolism was observed in both untreated and contraceptive-pretreated Wistar
      rats.

PMID- 3839165
TI  - Abolition of L1210 clonogeneticy and G1 arrest by retinoic acid and 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3.
AB  - Results from this study demonstrate that L1210 lymphocytic leukemia cells
      generate tumor cell colonies in plasma clot culture, and that the cells can be
      maintained in suspension cultures for 3 days without a loss in viability or
      clonogeneticy. Additions of 10(-5)-10(-8) M retinoic acid (RA) or 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25VD3) to suspension cultures had no effect on cell
      viability. However, there was an increase in cellular adherence, nuclear
      chromatin condensation and a depression of clonogenic potential by 99-25%. Flow
      cytometry analysis of 3-day suspension cultures revealed that both RA or 1,25VD3
      promoted an accumulation of cells in G1-phase, with 1,25VD3 being the most
      effective. For example, treatment with 10(-5) M 1,25VD3 yielded a 76.7% G1-phase
      accumulation as contrasted with 36.3% for controls, and associated with this G1
      shift was a 97% loss in clonogeneticy. Treatment with RA gave a slightly less G1
      phase accumulation (64%), which was associated with a 74% loss in clonogeneticy.
      It is suggested that RA and 1,25VD3 exert their cell cycle and anti-tumor effects
      by modulating cellular events or metabolism, or by promoting the accumulation of
      a quiescent cell population.

PMID- 3839166
TI  - Single- and double-strand DNA breakage and repair in human lung adenocarcinoma
      cells exposed to etoposide and teniposide.
AB  - The anticancer agents 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin-4-(4,6-O-ethylidene-beta-D
      glucopyra noside (etoposide) (VP16-213) and 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin-4-(4,6
      O-thenylidene-beta-D-gl ucopyranoside (teniposide) (VM26) produce cytotoxicity by
      inhibiting type II topoisomerase, resulting in an accumulation of DNA breaks. By
      using alkaline elution techniques to assess in vivo DNA break frequencies, we
      have been able to follow formation and repair of both single- and double-strand
      DNA breaks induced by the exposure of A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells to
      VP16-213 and VM26. Single-strand DNA breaks are detectable in cells within 2 min
      of drug exposure, increase in frequency to a maximum after as little as 15 min of
      exposure, and remain near maximum levels. Double-strand breaks accumulate more
      slowly, reaching a maximum after 1 to 2 h, and remaining constant thereafter upon
      continuous exposure to drug. Single-strand DNA breaks predominate at early
      incubation times and low drug concentrations, whereas the ratios between single-
      and double-strand DNA breaks decrease at higher drug concentrations. Changing to
      drug-free medium after 1-h drug exposure results in rapid exponential repair of
      both single- and double-strand DNA breaks with a time required for repair of one
      half of the DNA breaks of 20 to 60 min. VM26 and VP16-213 have similar kinetics
      for DNA break formation and repair and similar relationships between DNA breakage
      and cytotoxicity, but VM26 is five to ten times more potent than VP16-213.
      Results indicate that DNA breakage plateaus may reflect a steady state
      equilibrium established between the drug and its nuclear target, possibly type II
      topoisomerase, and demonstrate unique properties of VP16-213- and VM26-induced
      DNA breakage.

PMID- 3839167
TI  - Phase II study of amsacrine in gastric carcinoma: a southwest oncology group
      study.

PMID- 3839168
TI  - Comparison of ophthalmic bioavailability of two dexamethasone derivatives in
      proprietary preparations.

PMID- 3839169
TI  - Nitroreductase-dependent mutagenicity of p-nitrophenylhydroxylamine and its N
      acetyl and N-formyl hydroxamic acids.
AB  - p-Nitrophenylhydroxylamine (NPH) and two hydroxamic acids derived from it were
      synthesized and subjected to mutagenicity testing in Salmonella typhimurium
      strains TA98, TA98NR, TA1538 and TA1538NR. In addition, p-dinitrobenzene (DNB), p
      nitroaniline (NA) and p-nitroacetanilide (AcNA) were simultaneously examined for
      mutagenic action against these four tester strains. NPH, its N-acetyl (AcNPH) and
      N-formyl (FoNPH) derivatives, and also DNB displayed strong mutagenic action to
      the nitroreductase-containing strains, TA98 and TA1538. NPH was the most potent
      chemical in this series against both of these strains, while the two hydroxamic
      acids AcNPH and FoNPH, and also DNB displayed approximately the same degree of
      mutagenicity. In the nitroreductase-deficient strains, TA98NR and TA1538NR, the
      mutagenicity of these four compounds was markedly reduced. The necessity for
      nitroreduction in order to activate these promutagens is fairly certain; however,
      the lack of mutagenicity of NA and AcNA towards all four tester strains made the
      interpretation of these data somewhat more complicated. Several possible
      bioactivation pathways were presented, with one mechanism in particular being
      proposed. This mechanism requires only that the strong electron-withdrawing nitro
      group be converted to an electron-donating group by bacterial nitroreductase.
      Such a mechanism is unique for the bioactivation of nitro aromatics by
      nitroreductase, since the enzymatic reduction need not produce the intermediary
      hydroxylamine metabolite.

PMID- 3839171
TI  - A simplified computer program for the performance of physiological calculations
      from cardiac catheterization data.

PMID- 3839170
TI  - Incubation with neuraminidase and affinity electrophoresis with wheat-germ lectin
      compared for separating and quantifying alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in
      plasma.
AB  - Of 98 patients' specimens examined for alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1)
      isoenzymes by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane after incubation with
      neuraminidase, 50 showed only a single liver or bone isoenzyme staining band; in
      15 of these, the tissue origin of the fraction could not be accurately identified
      from its electrophoretic location. In the remaining 48 specimens, both liver and
      bone fractions were identifiable, but in only 25 of these was the electrophoretic
      resolution sufficient to yield separate peaks on densitometry. In contrast, both
      liver and bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes were identified in 95 of the 98
      specimens by affinity electrophoresis involving wheat-germ lectin, the detection
      of both fractions being in agreement with the results of sequential heat
      inactivation. The tissue origin of the enzyme bands was readily ascertainable
      from their consistent electrophoretic location in this medium, and in 89 of the
      specimens the isoenzyme fractions could be resolved into separate peaks on
      densitometry. We conclude that resolution of liver and bone alkaline phosphatase
      by incubation with neuraminidase followed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis is
      greatly inferior to that obtained by wheat-germ lectin affinity electrophoresis.

PMID- 3839172
TI  - The effects of m-AMSA on rat isolated heart.
AB  - m-AMSA (4'[9-acridinylamino]methansulphon-m-anisidide) is a new cytoxic agent now
      under clinical trial. We used the rat isolated perfused heart model in order to
      investigate the cardiac effects of m-AMSA. The results of the dose-response study
      indicate that m-AMSA has an acute moderate negative inotropic effect. The 90%
      effect (25% decrease in developed force compared to the control) was observed at
      drug concentration of 1.5 micrograms/ml. The refractory period (as measured by
      stimuli of twice diastolic threshold intensity) increased progressively as the
      drug concentration was increased (up to 2.5 micrograms/ml). Measurements of the
      strength-duration and strength-interval relationship showed that m-AMSA induced a
      significant reduction (P less than 0.005) in excitability and prolongation of
      refactoriness. We suggest that m-AMSA has a membranal cardiotoxic effect in
      addition to its known intracellular cytotoxic effect.

PMID- 3839173
TI  - Some cardiovascular effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors in unanaesthetized
      rats.
AB  - The effects of four monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors on the blood pressure of
      conscious normotensive and DOC-salt hypertensive rats were measured. Harmaline
      (20 mg/kg p.o.), pargyline (100 mg/kg p.o.) and tranylcypromine (10 mg/kg p.o.)
      all lowered blood pressure significantly in both normotensive and hypertensive
      rats whereas methylaplysinopsin (10 mg/kg p.o.) had no effect on blood pressure.
      The effects of these MAO inhibitors on blood pressure responses to serotonin,
      tyramine and beta-phenylethylamine were determined in conscious normotensive
      rats. Pargyline and tranylcypromine shifted the dose-response curves for tyramine
      and beta-phenylethylamine, but not serotonin, to the left, indicating inhibition
      of type B MAO. Harmaline and methylaplysinopsin shifted the dose-response curves
      for tyramine and serotonin but not beta-phenylethylamine, to the left, indicating
      inhibition of type A MAO. Since the four antagonists tested inhibited at least
      one form of MAO, and yet not all of these MAO inhibitors lowered blood pressure,
      we suggest that our results are consistent with the view that the hypotensive
      action of MAO inhibitors is not necessarily related to inhibition of MAO.

PMID- 3839174
TI  - Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of dezocine, ciramadol, and morphine.
AB  - The hemodynamic and respiratory effects of dezocine and ciramadol, two agonist
      antagonist analgesics, were compared with those of morphine in 30 patients
      undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Each subject received a single
      intravenous dose of dezocine (0.125 mg/kg), ciramadol (0.6 mg/kg), or morphine
      (0.125 mg/kg) in a double-blind fashion. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters
      were measured at baseline and 5, 10, and 20 minutes after dosing. Dezocine
      increased the cardiac index (CI; 2.67 to 2.92 L/min/m2), stroke volume index
      (SVI; 43.6 to 47.6 ml/beat/m2), left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI; 57.4
      to 64.7 gm-m/m2), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR; 105.6 to 154.0 dynes X
      sec/cm5). Ciramadol increased the CI (2.78 to 3.22 L/min/m2), SVI (40.9 to 48.2
      ml/beat/m2), LVSWI (51.1 to 57.9 gm-m/m2), and mean pulmonary arterial pressure
      (PA; 14.7 to 18.9 mm Hg). Morphine had no effect on CI, SVI, LVSWI, PA, or PVR,
      but it significantly lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressures. There were
      no appreciable changes in heart rate, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure,
      mean arterial pressure, or mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure after any of
      the drugs. All three drugs significantly decreased systemic vascular resistance.
      There were no clinically significant changes in respiratory parameters. We
      conclude that dezocine, ciramadol, and morphine have no clinically important
      adverse effects on cardiac performance.

PMID- 3839175
TI  - Distribution-free computer methods for analysing ligand binding and enzyme
      mechanisms.
AB  - BASIC computer programs have been designed to calculate enzyme kinetic and ligand
      binding parameters using distribution-free methods. Statistical estimates for the
      parameters can be calculated, and models distinguished by the F-test. Integrated
      rate equations are derived for complex enzyme mechanisms.

PMID- 3839176
TI  - A BASIC computer program for calculation of CH50 values by probit analysis.
AB  - An interactive BASIC computer program for calculating CH50 values from either
      absorbance or % hemolysis entries is presented. The program runs on simple, self
      explanatory data entries and makes calculations at a 95% confidence level.

PMID- 3839177
TI  - The use of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in a community practice.

PMID- 3839178
TI  - NIH consensus development summaries: fresh-frozen plasma. Indications and risks.

PMID- 3839179
TI  - More precise localization of the human factor IX gene by in situ hybridization.
AB  - The location of the human antihemophilic Factor IX has been more specifically
      assigned from the region Xq27----qter to Xq26----q27 by quantitative in situ
      hybridization. The present study utilized a complex hybridization probe and
      prephotographed G-banded human chromosomes to improve analytical sensitivity and
      accuracy.

PMID- 3839180
TI  - Sucralfate suspension for mouth ulcers.

PMID- 3839181
TI  - [Adjuvant chemo-hormonal therapy of breast cancer. New results on mortality].

PMID- 3839182
TI  - Growth velocity and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity in the preterm infant.
AB  - The relationship between growth and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity differs
      in the preterm infant when compared with older children and adolescents. 18
      preterm infants were studied over the first 12 postnatal weeks; growth velocity
      and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity were measured serially. Plasma calcium,
      inorganic phosphate, the vitamin D metabolites and parathyroid hormone were
      assayed at a median age of 3 and 6 weeks. There was an overall significant
      negative correlation between growth and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (r =
      -0.37; P less than 0.005); this was more marked in a group where the plasma
      alkaline phosphatase activity exceeded the preterm reference range. Plasma 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol and inorganic phosphate were lower in this group at 3
      weeks but not at 6 weeks when compared with infants where plasma alkaline
      phosphatase activity did not exceed the reference range. There was no difference
      in caloric intake between the groups. In the preterm infant biochemical rickets
      is common and unlike older children and adolescents an increase in plasma
      alkaline phosphatase activity correlates with decreased rather than increased
      growth.

PMID- 3839183
TI  - Mouse salivary glands secrete a glucagon-degrading enzyme, not glucagon.
AB  - Salivary glands have been reported to synthetize glucagon in various animal
      species. We therefore studied the glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) in mouse
      saliva. Stimulation with phenylephrine evoked a 15-fold increase of salivary GLI
      output. On Sephadex G-50 gel filtration, the salivary GLI was significantly
      larger than glicentin, the hitherto largest known glucagon-related peptide;
      furthermore, the immunoreactivity was not absorbable on glucagon immunoadsorbent.
      125I-Labeled glucagon incubated with high GLI containing saliva, and subjected to
      gel filtration and immunoadsorption was degraded to low molecular weight,
      nonimmunoreactive moieties. Among EDTA, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, Pepstatin
      A, and N-ethylmaleimide, only N-ethylmaleimide inhibited the degradation. Renin,
      also found in mouse saliva, degraded the tracer but did not cochromatograph with
      salivary GLI. In conclusion, GLI of mouse saliva is not a peptide containing a
      glucagon-immunoreactive sequence but represents tracer-degrading activity,
      probably composed of sulfhydryl enzymes.

PMID- 3839184
TI  - Endoscopic papillotomy with the Nd YAG laser.
AB  - A case of successful endoscopic papillotomy with the Nd YAG laser in a patient
      with choledocholithiasis after partial stomach resection is reported. This new
      technique is a complementary alternative for papillotomy when high-frequency
      diathermy is not suitable.

PMID- 3839185
TI  - Isolation of mouse N-CAM-related cDNA: detection and cloning using monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Clones coding for the mouse neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) were isolated
      from a cDNA library prepared in the expression vector lambda gt 11 from mRNA
      extracted from a mouse neuroblastoma cell line. This library was screened with
      two anti-N-CAM monoclonal antibodies directed against different sites on the
      molecule and with rabbit anti-N-CAM serum. Two clones were identified with the
      first monoclonal antibody, three with the second one, none reacted with both. The
      relevance of these cDNA clones to N-CAM was confirmed by several observations.
      First, cDNA sequences detected with one monoclonal antibody cross-hybridized with
      those identified by the other antibody. Second, the different fusion proteins all
      bound the rabbit serum in addition to one monoclonal antibody. Finally, the
      probes hybridized to discrete mRNA species of sufficient lengths to code for the
      very large N-CAM polypeptides in RNA preparations from N-CAM-expressing, but not
      from N-CAM-negative cells. An additional mRNA species not seen in embryonic brain
      was expressed in adult mouse brain. Genomic blot experiments indicated that
      sequences corresponding to one of our probes are present only a few times in the
      mouse genome.

PMID- 3839186
TI  - Solid-phase synthesis of PYLa and isolation of its natural counterpart, PGLa
      [PYLa-(4-24)] from skin secretion of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - From the nucleotide sequence of clones isolated from a cDNA library constructed
      from skin of Xenopus laevis, the existence of PYLa, a peptide comprised of 24
      amino acids, was predicted. This peptide was synthesized by solid-phase methods
      and purified to homogeneity with an overall yield of 61%. The synthetic peptide
      was used as reference substance to search for its natural counterpart in skin
      secretion of Xenopus. Two peptides were found which were very similar to PYLa
      except for the absence of the first three amino acids. These 21-amino-acid
      peptides, termed PGLa, can be generated from PYLa by cleavage after the single
      arginine residue present in the latter. The two forms of PGLa differ in their
      retention time on HPLC but have identical amino acid compositions and terminal
      sequences. Tryptic hydrolysis of synthetic PYLa after the single arginine yields
      exclusively PGLa with the shorter retention time on HPLC. The chemical difference
      between the two forms of PGLa is currently not known. The possible biological
      role of these newly discovered constituents of frog skin secretion is discussed.

PMID- 3839187
TI  - Molecular cloning and analysis of cDNA sequences for two ribosomal proteins from
      Artemia. The coordinate expression of genes for ribosomal proteins and elongation
      factor 1 during embryogenesis of Artemia.
AB  - The large subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes contains acidic phosphoproteins which
      are related to L7/L12 from Escherichia coli. In the brine shrimp Artemia these
      proteins are designated eL12 and eL12'. We have isolated cDNA clones for these
      proteins from a cDNA bank that was constructed by the use of size-fractionated
      poly(A)-rich RNA (8-10S fraction) from Artemia and a synthetic oligonucleotide as
      primer. Clones containing DNA sequences coding for eL12 and eL12 were
      characterized by hybrid-selected translation and DNA sequencing. The proteins
      eL12 and eL12' share an identical peptide of 22 amino acids at their carboxy
      termini whereas the remaining part of the protein shows little sequence homology.
      The nucleotide sequences show a different codon use for the amino acids in the
      common carboxy terminus, thereby excluding a common exon coding for this part of
      both proteins. Despite the differences in amino acid sequence in the major part
      of eL12 and eL12' the proteins have a considerable degree of homology on the
      basis of the distribution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids over the
      polypeptide chains, in agreement with a related folding and function of both
      proteins. Relative levels of mRNA coding for eL12, eL12' and elongation factor 1
      alpha were determined during the development of Artemia from a dormant cyst to a
      nauplius. The data show a coordinate expression of the genes for EF-1 alpha and
      both ribosomal proteins, excluding a differential expression of the genes for
      these related ribosomal proteins during embryogenesis. Analysis of the gene copy
      number for eL12 and eL12' indicates the presence of a few genes for each protein.

PMID- 3839188
TI  - The response to initial chemotherapy as a prognostic factor in localized Ewing's
      sarcoma.
AB  - Ninety-five children with localized Ewing's sarcoma were included in a
      prospective cooperative study. All patients received initial chemotherapy with
      the purpose of early prevention of metastases and improvement of the conditions
      of the subsequent local therapy, radiotherapy in all cases, surgical resection in
      selected cases. Clinical response to initial chemotherapy was evaluated in 67
      patients who had measurable soft tissue mass or functional symptoms. This
      response appeared highly correlated with outcome as the disease-free survival was
      57.3% for the 41 good responders and 9% for the 26 bad responders (P less than
      0.00001), though 23 of these bad responders reached complete remission with
      radiotherapy. This study also confirms the prognostic significance for survival
      of the site of the primary tumor on axial skeleton or on limbs. Nevertheless,
      this factor had no predictive value for response to chemotherapy, which thus
      appears to be an independent factor.

PMID- 3839189
TI  - Inhibitory effects of alpha, beta-methylene ATP on nerve-mediated contractions of
      the nictitating membrane in reserpinised cats.
AB  - Residual responses of the cat nictitating membrane to nerve stimulation were
      obtained after reserpine pretreatment (40% of controls), in spite of a pronounced
      reduction in noradrenaline content. The putative ATP-receptor desensitising agent
      alpha, beta-methylene ATP (alpha, beta-MATP), administered intraarterially
      through the lingual artery produced a contraction of the nictitating membrane and
      subsequently inhibited the residual responses evoked by sympathetic nerve
      stimulation in reserpinised cats. These doses of alpha, beta-MATP did not modify
      the contractions evoked by exogenous noradrenaline (i.a.) but antagonized the
      contractions of the nictitating membrane elicited by beta, gamma-methylene ATP,
      which is an agonist at P2 receptors. These results are compatible with a co
      transmitter role for ATP in the neurally mediated contractile responses of the
      nictitating membrane following depletion of endogenous noradrenaline stores by
      pretreatment with reserpine.

PMID- 3839190
TI  - Origin in the medial accessory olive of climbing fibres to the x and lateral c1
      zones of the cat cerebellum: a combined electrophysiological/WGA-HRP
      investigation.
AB  - The climbing fibres to the x and lateral c1 zones of the anterior lobe of the
      cerebellum arise as branches of common stem olivary axons. Anatomical studies
      have shown that the c1 zone receives its climbing fibres from the dorsal
      accessory olive (DAO). It has, therefore, been assumed that the x-zone also
      receives its climbing fibres from this olivary subnucleus. The present study
      demonstrates that both the x-zone and the lateral part of the c1 zone in fact
      receive their climbing fibre input from the middle portion of the medial
      accessory olive (MAO) (approximate antero-postero-levels P10-13).
      Electrophysiological techniques were used to define the extent of these
      cerebellar zones and small volumes (15-50 nl) of wheat germ agglutinin
      horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) were pressure injected into the defined zone.
      These small pressure injections resulted in injection sites with minimal spread
      to adjacent zones. The sensitive tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) reaction was used to
      visualize both the injection site and retrogradely labelled cells in the inferior
      olive. This combination of electrophysiological and neuroanatomical techniques
      gave extremely reproducible results. The results suggest that the zone previously
      named lateral c1 would be better designated cx.

PMID- 3839192
TI  - Physico-chemical properties of FCE 22250, 3
      (piperidinomethylazinomethyl)rifamycin SV, a new long-acting rifamycin.

PMID- 3839191
TI  - Large layer VI cells in macaque striate cortex (Meynert cells) project to both
      superior colliculus and prestriate visual area V5.
AB  - Layer VI of macaque striate cortex contains a number of large solitary neurones
      called Meynert cells. It has been shown earlier that these Meynert cells project
      to the posterior bank of the superior temporal sulcus (area V5), but it has also
      been shown that they project to the superior colliculus. In retrograde
      fluorescent double-labelling experiments, it was found that Meynert cells
      represent a class of neurones which distribute divergent axon collaterals to the
      posterior bank of the superior temporal sulcus and to the superior colliculus,
      i.e. to a distant cortical and a subcortical structure. This feature appears to
      be unique among projecting neurones in monkey visual cortex.

PMID- 3839193
TI  - The elements of microcomputer systems.

PMID- 3839194
TI  - Conversion of a radiolabelled ecdysone precursor, 2,22,25-trideoxyecdysone, by
      embryonic and larval tissues of Locusta migratoria.
AB  - A high specific activity tritiated ecdysone precursor, 2,22,25-trideoxyecdysone,
      was used to probe the capacity of various embryonic and larval tissues to perform
      the last 3 hydroxylation steps in ecdysone biosynthesis. Embryos at early stages
      of development, prior to the differentiation of their endocrine glands and
      embryonic heads, thoraces and abdomens of later stages, were found to have the
      capacity to hydroxylate the precursor to ecdysone. Larval epidermis and fat body
      are also able to transform 2,22,25-trideoxyecdysone into ecdysone; Malpighian
      tubules and midgut hydroxylate the precursor at C-2 but are apparently unable to
      hydroxylate both at C-22 and C-25. Larval prothoracic glands convert the
      precursor to ecdysone at a very efficient rate, which is 1-2 magnitudes higher
      than that of the other tissues investigated; several data argue for the existence
      of a privileged sequence of hydroxylations, C-25, C-22, C-2, in the larval
      prothoracic glands.

PMID- 3839195
TI  - The spatial distribution of maternal mRNA is determined by a cortical
      cytoskeletal domain in Chaetopterus eggs.
AB  - Messenger RNA molecules are localized in the cortical region of eggs and unevenly
      segregated to the embryonic cells during early development of the annelid
      Chaetopterus. The egg cortex is enriched in two organelles, ectoplasmic spherules
      and associated structures, which are similar in appearance to nuage. The physical
      basis of cortical mRNA localization was examined in stratified eggs and in eggs
      extracted with the nonionic detergent Nonidet P-40 (NP-40). The cortical
      organelles were displaced to the most centrifugal zone of stratified eggs. In
      situ hybridization with poly(U) or cloned DNA probes showed that a large
      proportion of the poly(A)+RNA, histone mRNA, and actin mRNA molecules was also
      displaced to the centrifugal zone. Extraction with NP-40 revealed a detergent
      insoluble cytoskeletal domain (CD) in the egg cortex which contained the remnants
      of ectoplasmic spherules and nuage embedded in a fibrous network. Although most
      of the total protein and RNA was extracted by NP-40, a large proportion of the
      poly(A)+RNA, histone mRNA, and actin mRNA molecules was retained in the CD. In
      situ hybridization of stratified eggs extracted with NP-40 indicated that the CD,
      with its associated organelles and mRNA molecules, is displaced to the
      centrifugal zone as a unit. The results suggest that the tenacious association of
      mRNA molecules with the cortical CD may be responsible for maternal mRNA
      localization during early development.

PMID- 3839197
TI  - [Postoperative ileus: from whom to expect progress?].

PMID- 3839196
TI  - [Sarcoidosis and autoimmune thyropathy. Study of 4 cases].

PMID- 3839198
TI  - Isolation of a human tissue-type plasminogen-activator genomic DNA clone and its
      expression in mouse L cells.
AB  - We have isolated a cDNA clone corresponding to a substantial portion of the human
      tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) protein. It encodes almost all of the
      protein B chain and part of the 3' untranslated region. We have used this clone
      to screen bacteriophage lambda and cosmid libraries of human genomic DNA. Several
      related genomic clones were isolated. One of these, a cosmid clone, carried
      approx. 40 kb of human DNA. Mapping experiments indicate that the region
      containing the protein-coding exons is approx. 20 kb in length. The cosmid,
      containing the t-PA gene and the aminoglycosyl-3'-phosphotransferase dominant
      selection marker, was introduced into mouse L cells. Approximately half of the
      transformants were shown to produce human t-PA. We demonstrated that the
      fibrinolytic t-PA activity could be specifically quenched by anti-t-PA antibody
      and that the recombinant t-PA was of similar size (by SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis) to the t-PA produced by the human Bowes melanoma cell line. Our
      results suggest that the cosmid clone carries the whole t-PA coding region
      together with the regulatory elements necessary for its expression.

PMID- 3839199
TI  - Characterization of two class I major histocompatibility rat cDNA clones, one of
      which contains a premature termination codon.
AB  - A cDNA clone that shares considerable homology with mRNA for class-I major
      histocompatibility (MHC) antigens has been isolated from a cDNA library
      constructed from an insulin-secreting tumor of the NEDH rat (RIN). Although there
      is very strong homology between the third extracellular domain of this gene, and
      other class-I antigen genes, a stop codon was noticed at the junction between the
      external and transmembrane regions of its protein. Thus, this gene codes for a
      truncated class-I antigen that lacks both transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains
      but has hydrophilic amino acids towards its C-terminus and therefore resembles a
      soluble protein. This gene was found to be transcribed at significant levels in
      the rat testis and an insulin-secreting tumor, but transcription was negligible
      in liver and kidney. The partial nucleotide sequence of this gene in a Wistar rat
      genomic clone indicates that the cDNA clone is represented in the rat genome
      complete with premature termination codon, thus eliminating the possibility of
      artifactual origins for the clone.

PMID- 3839200
TI  - Growth, and tooth growth/wear curves derived from an asymptotic function: y =
      alpha + beta rho x.
AB  - From the asymptotic function, y = alpha + beta rho x, a computer program to
      describe growth was developed, using a series of iterative fittings to provide a
      progressively improved regression line and value for rho (the growth factor). The
      function was further developed to describe the entire process of tooth
      development from eruption and growth through to wear, incorporating both growth
      and wear factors in one relationship, y = alpha 1 + beta 1 rho x + gamma x. A 4 X
      4 covariance matrix was evolved to suit this and a computer program developed to
      execute the curve fitting.

PMID- 3839201
TI  - [Reduction of vital capacity by combined adjuvant chemotherapy (CMF) for breast
      cancer].

PMID- 3839202
TI  - Highlights in the history of saccharin toxicology.
AB  - Saccharin has successfully survived a half century of scrutiny of its safety.
      Experience during almost 60 years of common use in foods, as well as several rat
      feeding studies including that conducted by the FDA, established its GRAS status
      under the 1958 Food Additives Amendment. Many chronic one-generation and three
      (unvalidated) two-generation rat studies subsequently conducted by regulatory and
      independent agencies in the USA and elsewhere have been interpreted by expert
      committees, especially those of the National Academy of Sciences/National
      Research Council, as supportive of saccharin's non-carcinogenicity under possible
      conditions of use. Not convinced of saccharin's safety, because of the
      (inconsistent) evidence of bladder tumours in saccharin-treated F1 male rats, the
      FDA proposed a ban on its use as a food additive. This ban has been temporarily
      postponed by Congressional moratoria, while better designed and executed studies
      into the mode of action of this unmetabolized non-genotoxic substance are in
      progress.

PMID- 3839203
TI  - The urinary excretion of ionized and non-ionized calcium by rats treated with
      1.25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.
AB  - The administration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol to rats increased their
      calciuresis as a power function of the dose. Up to 95% of the urinary calcium was
      excreted as a non-ionized complex, together with equimolar amounts of citrate.
      The stoichiometry between calcium and citrate, observed at all dose levels,
      suggests that citrate metabolism is coordinated with the mobilization of calcium.

PMID- 3839204
TI  - Cholinergic-muscarinic receptors do not mediate growth hormone release in
      response to baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist, in humans.

PMID- 3839205
TI  - The medical evaluation of sexual abuse in children.
AB  - A number of questions must be addressed in order to effectively manage cases of
      sexual abuse in children. The author discusses when sexual abuse should be
      suspected, why physicians are often reluctant to manage such cases, who should
      perform the medical examination, the possibility of children contracting various
      sexually transmitted diseases, how to distinquish sexual fantasy from actual
      abuse, and reasons that a child might delay or retract a report of abuse.

PMID- 3839206
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases: extract from the annual report of the Chief
      Medical Officer of the Department of Health and Social Security for the year
      1983.

PMID- 3839207
TI  - Placenta and milk as excretory routes of lipophilic pesticides in women.
AB  - Age, diet and ethnic-dependent excretion of chlorinated pesticides through
      placenta and milk was studied in women from the general population around Lucknow
      in India by using gas-liquid chromatography equipped with an electron-capture
      detector (3H+). Pesticidal contaminants in both placenta and milk were 1,1,1
      trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDT), its metabolites 1,1-dichloro
      2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p
      chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDD), alpha, beta, gamma - isomers of benzene
      hexachloride (BHC) and aldrin. The study revealed higher excretion of pesticides
      through the placentas of older and non-vegetarian women than younger and
      vegetarian women. There was higher excretion of total DDT in rural than in urban
      women while a reverse trend was found in the case of total BHC in two ethnic
      groups. Similarly, age and dietary habits influenced the excretion of these
      pesticides in milk. Women undergoing premature delivery and stillbirths were
      found to excrete more DDT in their milk than those undergoing full-term normal
      delivery.

PMID- 3839209
TI  - A program for point and interval calculation of odds ratios and attributable
      risks from unmatched case-control data.
AB  - An epidemiological investigation may be designed to collect data and analyse
      associations between many risk factors and/or many disease groups. A FORTRAN
      program has been developed to calculate point and interval estimates of odds
      ratios and attributable risks from stratified, unmatched case-control data for
      any number of disease/risk-factor combinations. For each disease/risk-factor
      association, this program can be used to estimate odds ratios by level of
      exposure and by latency. All output is time- and date-stamped with labels and
      titles to increase readability and provide useful documentation of study results.
      All data management is performed using the SPSS package, giving the program a
      great deal of flexibility, at the same time making it easy to implement and to
      use. The program has been installed on several mainframes.

PMID- 3839208
TI  - Effects of natural or synthetic microbial adjuvants on induction of autoimmune
      thyroiditis.
AB  - Natural and synthetic adjuvants of microbial origin were compared for their
      capacity to potentiate the induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT)
      with the autoantigen mouse thyroglobulin (MTg). Regardless of the immunomodulator
      used, severe thyroiditis was observed only in EAT-susceptible strains of the k
      haplotype and not in EAT-resistant strains of the d haplotype. Compared to phenol
      extracted lipopolysaccharide, a potent adjuvant for enhancing EAT induction,
      phthalyl-substituted, detoxified lipopolysaccharide, even at doses 15- to 50-fold
      greater, led to only low anti-mouse thyroglobulin titers and mild thyroid
      infiltration. The synthetic adjuvant N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine
      (MDP) and three of its analogs, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine-L-alanyl
      D-glycerol mycolate (MDP-L-Ala-Glyc-Myc), N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl
      (decyl)methyl ester [MDP(decyl)methyl], and N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamine
      alpha n-butyl ester [MDP-(Gln)-OnBu], designated murabutide, were tested in
      incomplete Freund adjuvant or in saline. In incomplete Freund adjuvant, MDP-L-Ala
      Glyc-Myc was inefficient in inducing EAT, murabutide induced very mild
      involvement, and MDP and, more so, MDP(decyl)methyl were active but to a lesser
      degree than CFA. When saline was used, low levels of thyroid infiltration were
      observed in a few of the MDP-treated animals in only one experiment, whereas no
      lesions were observed when murabutide was used.

PMID- 3839210
TI  - Development of a program package for modelling biochemical systems.
AB  - The development of a program for the identification of a model including up to 15
      compartments is presented. The identification of the model parameters with this
      program package is based upon the improved Gauss Marquardt algorithm. This
      program, implemented on a microcomputer (Data General Eclipse 64 K RAM), uses a
      calculation and automatic generation of a partial derivative routine. Thus,
      starting from the differential equations of the model correctly written, there is
      no longer any risk of error.

PMID- 3839211
TI  - A microcomputer method for designing optimal experiments for estimating enzyme
      kinetic parameters.
AB  - A computer program, written in BASIC, for designing optimal experiments with the
      aim of evaluating estimates of the parameters for any enzyme kinetic model is
      given. This computer program can be run on any microcomputer with less than 32
      Kbytes of random access memory. The program uses the termed D-optimization design
      criterion, which minimizes the determinant of the variance-covariance matrix. The
      user only supplies the rate equation, the maximum and minimum concentrations of
      substrates and inhibitors, the weighting pattern, and the best possible values of
      the parameters. The computer supplies the optimal substrate and inhibitor
      concentrations (one for each parameter), for estimating the parameter values, and
      the determinant of the variance-covariance matrix. Likewise, the microcomputer
      supplies the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of information and redundancy matrices,
      the sensitivity and the global redundancy.

PMID- 3839212
TI  - Optimal dosage regimen calculation program based on the remaining drug
      concentrations in plasma.
AB  - A program is presented to calculate the optimal drug doses to make the plasma
      drug concentration at a constant level throughout the therapy. The package
      requires data input of experimentally determined pharmacokinetic parameters such
      as As and ramdas, and provides the optimal intravenous drug doses at every
      minute. This program is applicable to any drug in a given individual, provided
      that the single-dose plasma concentration curve equation of the first dose of the
      therapy in this individual is known.

PMID- 3839213
TI  - A simple computer model for albumin and water distribution and flux in man.
AB  - The physiological and mathematical basis for a simple computer model of albumin
      and water distribution in man is described. The factors which are important in
      determining albumin and water flux are discussed and some clinical implications
      are considered.

PMID- 3839214
TI  - The binding of ConA and other lectins to surface glycoproteins: a comparison of a
      subcutaneous tumour and its liver metastases.
AB  - The glycoprotein composition of a transplantable subcutaneous lymphosarcoma (1
      degree) and its liver metastases (2 degrees) have been examined in Triton X-100
      extracts obtained from tissue, single cells and membrane preparations by using
      electrophoresis and treatment with radio-labelled lectins. No consistent
      differences could be detected in the electrophoretic patterns of 1 degree and 2
      degrees tumour using RCA-60 or gorse. Small differences were detected using
      Concanavalin A; all but one of these were eliminated as being due to differential
      host contamination. A minor band of 178,000 daltons molecular weight was found in
      1 degree tissue, cells and membranes that was absent in extracts from 2 degrees
      tumour. Percoll density gradient separations suggested that this glycoprotein
      belonged to a small subpopulation of cells; their identity remains uncertain. The
      band was still detected when tumour was grown from direct liver implants, but it
      disappeared when this growth metastasized to another lobe. The results provide
      evidence that metastasis can be accompanied by a very subtle change in the tumour
      glycoprotein profile. Such a change may have important consequences for
      host/tumour interactions and subsequent metastatic spread.

PMID- 3839215
TI  - Neodymium:YAG laser iridotomy in the cynomolgus monkey.
AB  - The histologic effects of various Neodymium:YAG laser energy levels were
      evaluated after iridotomy formation in cynomolgus monkey eyes. Scanning election
      microscopy of the corneal endothelium above the treated areas revealed no
      significant cell loss or pleomorphism when compared to the adjacent untreated
      areas. Light and phase contrast microscopy demonstrated closure of the
      iridotomies in most cases by a bridge of iris pigment epithelium. In several
      specimens, stromal tissue and pigment laden cells were present over the
      attenuated iris pigment epithelium. There were four lens opacities with rupture
      of the anterior lens capsule and anterior epithelial cell hyperplasia in one. No
      damage was apparent in the trabecular meshwork or retina with light microscopy or
      fluorescein angiography.

PMID- 3839216
TI  - Adolescents and sexually transmitted diseases: an expanding problem.
      Introduction.

PMID- 3839217
TI  - Adolescence and sexual behavior. Trends and implications for STD.
AB  - Teenage sexual activity became more common in the 1970s, and that trend may
      continue in this decade. Teenagers have thus established themselves as an
      important component of the population at risk of sexually transmitted disease
      (STD). Adolescents exhibit many of the same features of sexual behavior seen in
      the adult population. However, adolescents' abilities to recognize, evaluate
      symptoms of, and seek treatment for STD are generally limited. Many teenagers are
      hesitant to admit that they have begun sexual activity or that something like STD
      could happen to them. The combination of these factors with generally
      liberalizing trends in sexual behavior in the last decade has elevated the risk
      of STD for teenagers and made the job of adolescent health care providers more
      difficult.

PMID- 3839218
TI  - Postponing sexual involvement among adolescents. An alternative approach to
      prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.
AB  - Over 1,000 teenagers participated in the field test of an educational series
      designed to help them resist the social and peer pressures that can lead to early
      sexual involvement. A companion program for parents was designed to help adults
      better understand the pressures experienced by adolescents and aid the parents in
      reinforcing the information given to their children. Initial findings indicate
      skill building may be an important addition to the knowledge-based curriculum
      commonly used to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted disease among
      teenagers today.

PMID- 3839219
TI  - Medical problems of the homosexual adolescent.
AB  - Physicians treating adolescents should take a complete sexual history, including
      sexual orientation and practices, to determine whether their patients are
      homosexually active. Lesbians are at very low risk for sexually transmitted
      diseases, but they do have other health concerns. Four general groups of
      conditions may be encountered in homosexually active men: classical sexually
      transmitted diseases (gonorrhea, infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, syphilis,
      herpes simplex infections, genital warts, pubic lice, scabies); enteric diseases
      (infections with Shigella species, Campylobacter jejuni, Entamoeba histolytica,
      Giardia lamblia, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis non-A, non-B, and
      cytomegalovirus); trauma (fecal incontinence, hemorrhoids, anal fissure, foreign
      bodies, rectosigmoid tears, allergic proctitis, penile edema, chemical sinusitis,
      inhaled nitrite burns, and sexual assault of the male patient); and the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Clinicians can assist homosexual teenagers by
      understanding their special health needs, by counseling them about safe sexual
      practices, and by accepting their relationships nonjudgmentally.

PMID- 3839220
TI  - Adolescent misadventures with urethritis and cervicitis.
AB  - Inflammation of the cervix and urethra in adolescents is primarily due to
      infection by sexually transmitted disease (STD) organisms. These organisms are
      most commonly Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Urea-plasma
      urealyticum, and herpes simplex virus. The frequency and seriousness of these
      infections is, in part, due to developmental, behavioral, and biological changes
      which put adolescents at special risk for acquisition of these syndromes. Medical
      knowledge is now sufficient to effectively recognize and treat these STD
      syndromes. What is further needed is the personal and institutional
      determination, adaptability, and resources to apply present knowledge among
      adolescents. It is among these teenagers that the personal and societal costs of
      STDs are the greatest.

PMID- 3839221
TI  - Behavioral profiles of dog breeds.
AB  - Breed behavior profiles were obtained by a method that was quantitative and free
      of personal biases. The profiles concerned 13 traits, eg, excitability, snapping
      at children, watchdog barking, and affection demand, which are of interest to
      people wanting dogs as pets. Authorities for the development of the profiles were
      48 small animal veterinarians and 48 obedience judges, randomly selected from
      directories so as to represent equally men and women, and eastern, central, and
      western geographic regions of the United States. Each authority was asked to rank
      on each of the behavioral traits a list of 7 breeds chosen randomly from a list
      of 56 breeds. The data were analyzed in a custom-designed computer program that
      pooled the data and then ranked all 56 breeds on the basis of the 13 traits. The
      results indicated that some behavioral traits discriminate between breeds better
      than others. An examination of sample profiles indicated the feasibility of
      developing a statistically meaningful behavioral profile that integrates
      comparative rankings of several authorities balanced as to representation of
      geographic location, sex, and type of experience with dogs.

PMID- 3839222
TI  - Alahopcin, a new dipeptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces albulus subsp.
      ochragerus subsp. nov.
AB  - An actinomycete strain No. B-52653 was found to produce an antibiotic selectively
      active against the in vitro antibiotic resistant mutant of Staphylococcus aureus.
      Based on taxonomic studies, the name Streptomyces albulus subsp. ochragerus
      subsp. nov. is proposed for the strain. The microorganism produced two kinds of
      antibiotics; one identical with gougerotin, the other an amphoteric water soluble
      dipeptide containing L-alanine. The latter has the molecular formula C9H15N3O6
      and is named alahopcin. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum and a synergistic
      effect with some other antibiotics against some antibiotic resistant
      staphylococci. Alahopcin has a low toxicity and was effective against
      experimental infections in mice caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 3839223
TI  - Structure of alahopcin (nourseimycin), a new dipeptide antibiotic.
AB  - The structure of alahopcin (nourseimycin) (1), a new dipeptide antibiotic
      isolated from Streptomyces, has been established to be (2S, 3R)-2-[(L
      alanyl)amino]-4-formyl-3-(hydroxy-aminocarbonyl)butyric acid. 1 exists in two
      cyclic hemiacetal type tautomers formed by intramolecular ring closure between
      the hydroxyamino group and the formyl group in aqueous solution. The structure of
      the new weakly acidic amino acid (2), a constituent of 1, is revealed to be (2S,
      3R)-2-amino-4-formyl-3-(hydroxyaminocarbonyl)butyric acid, and 2 also exists in
      two cyclic hemiacetal type tautomers in aqueous solution.

PMID- 3839224
TI  - Dihydromonacolin L and monacolin X, new metabolites which inhibit cholesterol
      biosynthesis.
AB  - Dihydromonacolin L and monacolin X those are structurally related to monacolin K,
      a potent inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis, were isolated from cultures of a
      mutant of Monascus ruber. The structures of these two metabolites were determined
      by a combination of physical techniques. Data for dihydromonacolin L and
      monacolin X as inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase and sterol
      biosynthesis in vitro are also given.

PMID- 3839225
TI  - Microbial phosphorylation of the OA-6129 group of carbapenem compounds.
AB  - The OA-6129 group of carbapenem antibiotics were phosphorylated with ATP by
      Brevibacterium ammoniagenes at the primary hydroxyl group of the C-3 pantetheinyl
      side chain. The phosphorylation resulted in the reduced antimicrobial activity
      against some Gram-positive bacteria, and the improved activity against some Gram
      negative microbes. The increased resistance of the OA-6129 carbapenems due to
      phosphorylation was significant to mouse renal dehydropeptidase and moderate to
      the human enzyme. OA-6129A and B2 phosphates were found to be unsusceptible to
      A933 acylase, while OA-6129A and B2 were depantothenylated.

PMID- 3839226
TI  - KY-109, a new bifunctional pro-drug of a cephalosporin. Chemistry, physico
      chemical and biological properties.
AB  - (5-Methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl 7-[D-O-(L-alanyl)mandelamido]-3-[[(5
      methyl-1,3, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio]methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylate hydrochloride
      (KY-109) was synthesized as a bifunctional pro-drug designed to improve the oral
      absorption of the parent drug (KY-087), a cephalosporin similar in activity to
      cefamandole. The pro-drug was found to possess the desired factors for an orally
      active pro-drug, that is, appropriate solubility, lipophilicity and ease
      hydrolysis into the parent drug. As predicted from these factors, the pro-drug
      when administered orally to rats was well absorbed, and gave high blood levels of
      the parent drug.

PMID- 3839227
TI  - Monacolins J and L, new inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis produced by
      Monascus ruber.

PMID- 3839228
TI  - Chloromonilicin, a new antifungal metabolite produced by Monilinia fructicola.

PMID- 3839229
TI  - Novel potentiators of beta-lactam antibiotics. Isolation of SQ28,504 and SQ28,546
      from Chromobacterium violaceum.
AB  - Two novel compounds, SQ28,504 and SQ28,546 are produced by Chromobacterium
      violaceum. These compounds enhance the antibacterial activity of beta-lactam
      antibiotics against Gram-negative organisms. Both SQ28,504 and SQ28,546 induce
      morphological changes in the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics. Only SQ28,546
      has weak antimicrobial activity against several Gram-negative organisms.

PMID- 3839231
TI  - Fujianmycins A and B, new benz[a]anthraquinone antibiotics from a Streptomyces
      species.

PMID- 3839230
TI  - Chaetiacandin, a novel papulacandin. I. Fermentation, isolation and
      characterization.
AB  - Chaetiacandin, a new anti-yeast antibiotic structurally related to papulacandin,
      was isolated from a culture of Monochaetia dimorphospora. The fermentation,
      isolation, and physico-chemical and biological properties are reported. The
      molecular formula of this compound was determined as C43H60O16.

PMID- 3839232
TI  - Isolation of chitinovorin D.

PMID- 3839233
TI  - LL-BM726: a novel dipeptide antibiotic.

PMID- 3839234
TI  - Chaetiacandin, a novel papulacandin. II. Structure determination.

PMID- 3839235
TI  - Responses of cochlear nucleus units to electrical stimulation through a cochlear
      prosthesis: channel interaction.
AB  - The responses of 39 single units in the ventral cochlear nucleus of acute
      anesthetized guinea-pigs were studied with continuous electrical stimuli
      presented through a dual-channel implant in the scala tympani. Implants had four
      electrodes placed along the axis of the cochlea with 1 mm separations. With a
      specific pair (either apical or basal) of stimulating electrodes, about half of
      the units responded when current was flowing apically, while the rest responded
      to current in the opposite direction. No obvious relation existed between the
      effective polarity of the basal and apical pairs of electrodes. Two response
      types were observed while stimulating through both pairs simultaneously. Seventy
      nine percent of the units responded to the sum of the current waveforms presented
      through the two pairs. Twenty-one percent responded to the difference between the
      waveforms. Both types of responses were observed for suprathreshold as well as
      for some intensities of stimulation that alone were subthreshold. The type of
      response was not dependent on the absolute threshold or threshold difference
      between the two pairs. For equal peak-intensities of stimuli, two-channel
      stimulation evoked larger responses than single-channel stimulation, provided the
      two channels were in their effective polarities. Responses to dual-channel
      stimulation were consistently larger than the summed responses to the two
      individual single-channel stimuli. The observed responses to the dual-channel
      stimulation indicate that the adequate stimulus was determined by the linear
      combination of fields produced by the individual channels in the vicinity of the
      stimulating electrodes before the auditory nerve is stimulated, and that
      excitation takes place in a spatially restricted area of the auditory nerve.

PMID- 3839236
TI  - The single-dose pharmacokinetics of 5-epi-sisomicin (Sch 22591) in human
      volunteers.
AB  - 5-epi-sisomicin was given as a single 1 mg/kg intramuscular injection to six
      adult male volunteers. No adverse effects were observed and the pharmacology was
      very similar to that of sisomicin. The extended spectrum of 5-epi-sisomicin and
      its enhanced antipseudomonal activity prompt further clinical evaluation of this
      agent.

PMID- 3839237
TI  - Identification of canine pulmonary surfactant-associated glycoprotein A
      precursors.
AB  - Surfactant-associated glycoproteins A were identified by two-dimensional sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of crude surfactant from
      canine alveolar lavage: an unglycosylated form (protein A1), 27,000-28,000
      daltons; glycoprotein A2, 32,000-34,000 daltons; and glycoprotein A3, 37,000
      38,000 daltons; pH at isoelectric point (pI) 4.5-5.0. Glycoproteins A2 and A3
      were electroeluted and used to prepare a monospecific antiserum that identified
      proteins A1, A2, and A3 in immunoblots of crude surfactant obtained from dog lung
      lavage. This antiserum precipitated several proteins from in vitro translated
      canine lung poly(A)+ mRNA; proteins of 27,000 daltons, pI 5.0, and 28,000
      daltons, pI 4.8-5.0, which precisely comigrated with proteins A1 from canine
      surfactant. Cotranslational processing of the primary translation products by
      canine pancreatic microsomal membranes resulted in larger proteins of 31,000
      34,000 daltons, pI 4.8-5.0. Treatment of these processed forms of glycoprotein A
      with endoglycosidase F, to remove N-linked carbohydrate, resulted in proteins of
      27,000-28,000 daltons which precisely comigrated with surfactant protein A1.
      These observations demonstrate that the polypeptide precursors to the
      glycoproteins A complex are extensively modified by addition of asparagine N
      linked complex carbohydrate and are subsequently secreted as glycoproteins A2 and
      A3.

PMID- 3839238
TI  - Characterization of the lacto series of gangliosides, especially of disialo-lacto
      N-norhexaosyl ceramide isolated from adult bovine nasal cartilage.
AB  - A disialosylganglioside was isolated from adult bovine nasal cartilage, and its
      structure was determined by analysis of sugar composition, permethylation
      analysis, exoglycosidase treatment, and mild acid hydrolysis. The structure of
      this ganglioside was identified as disialo-lacto-N-norhexaosyl ceramide,
      NeuNAc(alpha 2-8)NeuNAc-(alpha 2-3)Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-3)Gal(beta 1
      4)GlcNAc(beta 1-3)Gal(1-4)Glc(1-1)Cer. Furthermore, we also isolated from this
      cartilage gangliosides whose structures were presumed to be monosialo-lacto-N
      norhexaosyl ceramide, and mono- and disialo-lacto-N-neotetraosyl ceramide. The
      major fatty acids of the four gangliosides isolated were palmitic, stearic,
      behenic and lignoceric acids. The predominant long chain bases were sphingenine,
      heptadecasphingenine and hexadecasphingenine.

PMID- 3839239
TI  - The effect of myosin phosphorylation on the contractile properties of skinned
      rabbit skeletal muscle fibers.
AB  - We have studied the effect of myosin P-light chain phosphorylation on the
      isometric tension generated by skinned fibers from rabbit psoas muscle at 0.6 and
      10 microM Ca2+. At the lower Ca2+ concentration, which produced 10-20% of the
      maximal isometric tension obtained at 10 microM Ca2+, addition of purified myosin
      light chain resulted in a 50% increase in isometric tension which correlated with
      an increase in P-light chain phosphorylation from 0.10 to 0.80 mol of
      phosphate/mol of P-light chain. Addition of a phosphoprotein phosphatase reversed
      the isometric tension response and dephosphorylated P-light chain. At the higher
      Ca2+ concentration, P-light chain phosphorylation was found to have little effect
      on isometric tension. Fibers prepared and stored at -20 degrees C in a buffer
      containing MgATP, KF, and potassium phosphate incorporated 0.80 mol of
      phosphate/mol of P-light chain. Addition of phosphoprotein phosphatase to these
      fibers incubated at 0.6 microM Ca2+ caused a reduction in isometric tension and
      dephosphorylation of the P-light chain. There was no difference before and after
      phosphorylation of P-light chain in the normalized force-velocity relationship
      for fibers at the lower Ca2+ concentration, and the extrapolated maximum
      shortening velocity was 2.2 fiber lengths/s. Our results suggest that in
      vertebrate skeletal muscle, P-light chain phosphorylation increases the force
      level at submaximal Ca2+ concentrations, probably by affecting the interaction
      between the myosin cross-bridge and the thin filament.

PMID- 3839240
TI  - Rat transthyretin (prealbumin). Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and gene
      expression in liver and brain.
AB  - Transthyretin cDNA was isolated from a rat liver cDNA library. Analysis of the
      nucleotide sequence revealed a signal peptide-like sequence preceding a section
      coding for a full length subunit and an untranslated sequence at the 3' end. The
      deduced primary structure of rat transthyretin was compared with that of human
      transthyretin. It was highly conserved at the binding sites for thyroxine and the
      interfaces and core regions of the subunits. The cDNA for transthyretin was used
      to measure mRNA levels by hybridization. During acute inflammation, the amount of
      transthyretin mRNA in liver decreased (reaching a minimum of 25% of the normal
      level 36 h after inducing inflammation), suggesting regulation of transthyretin
      synthesis at the mRNA level. Transthyretin mRNA was found only in the liver and
      in the choroid plexus, but not in other parts of the central nervous system nor
      in the adrenal glands, kidney, spleen, testes, heart, lung, intestine, and
      ovaries. One gram of choroid plexus contained about 25 times larger amounts of
      transthyretin mRNA than 1 g of liver. By synthesizing an important hormone
      carrier protein, the choroid plexus may be an important link in the chemical
      communication between the central nervous system and the bloodstream.

PMID- 3839241
TI  - The myosin alkali light chains of mouse ventricular and slow skeletal muscle are
      indistinguishable and are encoded by the same gene.
AB  - We have isolated a cDNA recombinant plasmid (pA29) identified as encoding part of
      the ventricular muscle myosin light chain MLC1v. This cDNA contains a 300-base
      pair fragment which under conditions of moderate stringency shows specific
      hybridization to MLC1v mRNA with no detectable cross-hybridization with the mRNAs
      encoding the fast skeletal muscle isoforms MLC1F and MLC3F, or the atrial muscle
      isoform MLC1A. Under these conditions hybridization is seen with an abundant mRNA
      present in slow skeletal muscle (soleus) which is indistinguishable from
      ventricular MLC1V mRNA on the basis of size and of thermal stability of hybrids
      formed with plasmid pA29. The mouse MLC1V and MLC1S proteins are found to co
      migrate on two-dimensional gels. We therefore conclude that these isoforms are
      the same and are encoded by the same mRNA. Analysis of mouse DNA has identified a
      single region of the genome which hybridizes to this same fragment of pA29. This
      region has been isolated in a recombinant phage and has been shown to contain a
      single gene showing homology with MLC1V mRNA by R-loop analysis. We therefore
      conclude that MLC1V and MLC1S are encoded by a single gene. The pattern of
      segregation of a restriction fragment length polymorphism identified for this
      gene between Mus musculus and Mus spretus has been followed in an F1 backcross
      between these two mouse species. The results show the MLC1V/MLC1S gene to be
      closely linked to a marker at the distal end of mouse chromosome 9.

PMID- 3839242
TI  - Activity of a novel carotenoid analog, 4,4'-(3,7,12,16-tetramethyl
      1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octadecanonaen -1,18- diyl) bis(1-ethylpyridinium)
      dibromide (Y-18598) on mouse leukemia P388.
AB  - 4,4'-(3,7,12,16-Tetramethyl-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octadecanonaen-1 ,18-diyl) bis
      (1-ethylpyridinium) dibromide (Y-18598), a novel carotenoid analog with 1
      ethylpyridine rings as terminal groups, was found to be effective against P388
      leukemia which was refractory to amphotericin B and retinoic acid used as
      representatives of polyene-containing drugs. The life span of leukemic mice was
      increased by 56% over the control following administration of 2.5 mg/kg on days 1
      5. Among these polyene-containing compounds, Y-18598 was the most highly
      cytotoxic to P388 leukemia cells in vitro.

PMID- 3839243
TI  - Increased content of neuropeptide Y in human pheochromocytoma cell cultures.
AB  - Cells from three human pheochromocytomas grown in monolayer culture for 21 days
      contained markedly greater amounts of neuropeptide Y (NPY) than freshly
      dissociated cells from the same tumors. The content of NPY did not consistently
      correlate with the extent of neurite outgrowth in the cultures and was not
      further increased in the presence of nerve growth factor. The content of NPY was
      decreased in the presence of 10(-5) M dexamethasone in two cultures. The findings
      suggest that human pheochromocytoma cultures may be useful in studies of cellular
      and molecular mechanisms regulating NPY production, and that these mechanisms may
      differ somewhat from those regulating production of other regulatory peptides in
      cultures of the same tumors.

PMID- 3839244
TI  - Environmental iodine intake affects the response to methimazole in patients with
      diffuse toxic goiter.
AB  - The response to methimazole [1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole (MMI)] therapy was
      evaluated in 18 patients with diffuse toxic goiter residing in an area of iodine
      deficiency (Tehran) and in 18 patients residing in an area of iodine sufficiency
      (Boston). The mean free T4 index (FT4I) decreased from 22.9 +/- 4.8 (+/- SD) to
      4.9 +/- 4.3 in Tehran and from 23.8 +/- 5.2 to 17.0 +/- 4.1 in Boston after 4
      weeks of MMI administration (10 mg, three times daily). The mean free T3 index
      (FT3I) decreased from 489 +/- 124 to 117 +/- 58 in Tehran and from 512 +/- 250 to
      368 +/- 152 in Boston. In patients residing in Tehran, the FT4I was normal in 9
      (less than 6.3 in 6), above normal in 1, and subnormal in 8 (44%) after 4 weeks
      of MMI treatment. In 4 of 8 patients with subnormal FT4I, serum TSH was also
      above normal, and clinical findings of hypothyroidism were evident. MMI (10 mg,
      twice daily) was then given to 15 additional patients with diffuse toxic goiter
      in Tehran. Mean FT4I values were 22.7 +/- 6.8, 12.1 +/- 2.5, 10.8 +/- 2.8, and
      6.0 +/- 4.3 before and 8, 14, and 28 days after treatment, respectively.
      Corresponding mean FT3I values were 415 +/- 90, 196 +/- 36, 162 +/- 44, and 117
      +/- 46. At 28 days, FT4I was subnormal in 7 (46%) patients, of whom 1 had
      increased TSH. These results indicate that treatment with recommended doses of
      MMI rapidly causes hypothyroidism in patients residing in Tehran, an area of
      iodine deficiency. Furthermore, they support the hypothesis that the dosage of
      thionamide compounds and the duration of therapy with the initial doses necessary
      to induce euthyroidism may vary in various parts of the world.

PMID- 3839246
TI  - AEC syndrome: ankyloblepharon, ectodermal defects, and cleft lip and palate.
      Report of two cases.
AB  - An unusual syndrome of ectodermal dysplasia was seen in a young woman and her
      son. The constellation of findings included hair, nail, and teeth dystrophies, as
      well as hypohidrosis. The patients appear to exhibit the previously described
      syndrome of ankyloblepharon, ectodermal defects, and clefting of the lip and
      palate. Their cases are the eighth and ninth cases reported in the literature.

PMID- 3839245
TI  - Healing of bone disease in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia.
      Induction and maintenance with phosphorus and calcitriol.
AB  - Although conventional therapy (pharmacologic doses of vitamin D and phosphorus
      supplementation) is usually successful in healing the rachitic bone lesion in
      patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, it does not heal the coexistent
      osteomalacia. Because serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels are inappropriately
      low in these patients and high calcitriol concentrations may be required to heal
      the osteomalacia, we chose to treat five affected subjects with high doses of
      calcitriol (68.2 +/- 10.0 ng/kg total body weight/d) and supplemental phosphorus
      (1-2 g/d) performing metabolic studies and bone biopsies before and after 5-8 mo
      of this therapy in each individual. Of these five patients, three (aged 13, 13,
      and 19 yr) were receiving conventional treatment at the inception of the study
      and therefore showed base-line serum phosphorus concentrations within the normal
      range. The remaining two untreated patients (aged 2 and 37 yr) displayed
      characteristic hypophosphatemia before calcitriol therapy. All five patients
      demonstrated serum calcitriol levels in the low normal range (22.5 +/- 3.2
      pg/ml), impaired renal phosphorus conservation (tubular maximum for the
      reabsorption of phosphate per deciliter of glomerular filtrate, 2.13 +/- 0.20
      mg/dl), and osteomalacia on bone biopsy (relative osteoid volume, 14.4 +/- 1.7%;
      mean osteoid seam width, 27.7 +/- 3.7 micron; mineral apposition rate, 0.46 +/-
      0.12 micron/d). On high doses of calcitriol, serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels
      rose into the supraphysiologic range (74.1 +/- 3.8 pg/ml) with an associated
      increment in the serum phosphorus concentration (2.82 +/- 0.19 to 3.78 +/- 0.32
      mg/dl) and improvement of the renal tubular maximum for phosphate reabsorption
      (3.17 +/- 0.22 mg/dl). The serum calcium rose in each patient while the
      immunoactive parathyroid hormone concentration measured by three different assays
      remained within the normal range. Most importantly, repeat bone biopsies showed
      that high doses of calcitriol and phosphorus supplements had reversed the
      mineralization defect in all patients (mineral apposition rate, 0.88 +/- 0.04
      micron/d) and consequently reduced parameters of bone osteoid content to normal
      (relative osteoid volume, 4.1 +/- 0.7%; mean osteoid seam width, 11.0 +/- 1.0
      micron). Complications (hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria) ensued in four of these
      five patients within 1-17 mo of documented bone healing, necessitating reduction
      of calcitriol doses to a mean of 1.6 +/- 0.2 micrograms/d (28 +/- 4 ng/kg ideal
      body weight per day). At follow-up bone biopsy, these four subjects continued to
      manifest normal bone mineralization dynamics (mineral apposition rate, 0.88 +/
      0.10 micrometer/d) on reduced doses of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D with phosphorus
      supplements (2 g/d) for a mean of 21.3 +/- 1.3 mo after bone healing was first
      documented. Static histomorphometric parameters also remained normal (relative
      osteoid volume, 1.5 +/- 0.4%; mean osteoid seam width, 13.5 +/- 0.8 micrometer).
      These data indicate that administration of supraphysiologic amounts of
      calcitriol, in conjunction with oral phosphorus, results in complete healing of
      vitamin D resistant osteomalacia in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic
      rickets. Although complications predictably require calcitriol dose reductions
      once healing is achieved, continued bone healing can be maintained for up to 1 yr
      with lower doses of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and continued phosphorus
      supplementation.

PMID- 3839247
TI  - Permanent triggered antitachycardia pacemakers in the management of recurrent
      sustained ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Permanent pacemakers capable of triggered ventricular stimulation were implanted
      in 28 patients with a history of sustained ventricular tachycardia or
      fibrillation. Noninvasive programmed ventricular stimulation was performed on 125
      occasions during follow-up periods ranging from 1 to 25 months and was used to
      assess the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drug therapy, drug or dosage changes and
      left ventricular endocardial resection. Drug or dosage changes based on
      noninvasive programmed ventricular stimulation were made in 19 of the 28
      patients. In addition, 126 episodes of spontaneous sustained ventricular
      tachycardia were terminated noninvasively in nine patients. It is concluded that
      a permanent pacemaker capable of triggered ventricular stimulation is useful in
      patients with ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation that is difficult to
      control.

PMID- 3839248
TI  - A comparison of the binding of IgE in the sera of patients with bakers' asthma to
      soluble and insoluble wheat-grain proteins.
AB  - The IgE-binding proteins from flour, associated with bakers' asthma, have been
      reassessed by use of a modified RAST suitable for both soluble and insoluble
      proteins. Nitrocellulose sheet was used for preparing RAST discs, and seven
      different solvents were compared for their suitability in preparing discs. Dilute
      alkali (1% potassium hydroxide) was chosen as the best solvent for disc
      preparation, and its use was compared with that of water as solvent. RAST
      analyses of sera from 24 allergic bakers demonstrated that the albumin fraction
      of flour is clearly allergenic (as found in previous studies), but in addition,
      major IgE-binding proteins were found in the other three fractions (globulin,
      gliadin, and glutenin) when potassium hydroxide was the solvent (but not with
      water). We conclude that current RAST procedures, which favor water-soluble
      allergens, are inadequate because they do not satisfactorily test for water
      insoluble allergens.

PMID- 3839249
TI  - [Changes in perimetric defects in chronic open-angle glaucoma studied by
      automated perimetry (Octopus)].
AB  - The Octopus automatic perimeter was used to determine changes in visual field of
      90 patients with chronic open angle glaucoma. Mean sensitivity value calculated
      from 62 of the 73 points of the apparatus program 33 - after elimination of those
      11 points corresponding to Mariottes's zone and the central 10 degrees - provides
      an effective paracentral visual field monitoring numerical parameter. The authors
      named the parameter "global value". Statistical analysis of "global value"
      variations between two successive examinations showed: significant improvement
      between the first and the second tests; disappearance of the phenomenon between
      two further successive tests. The reasons for this pseudo-improvement remain
      unclear: perhaps the patients experience gained from the precious tests plays a
      part in the phenomenon. This should in any case be taken into account when
      assessing possible aggravation between two tests. Analysis of results suggests
      that, as a standard evaluation method, any "global value" degradation of the
      order of 1 db between the first two tests and 3 db between two successive tests
      performed after the second one is significant of a visual field degradation with
      a 1% range of error.

PMID- 3839251
TI  - Automating your practice.

PMID- 3839250
TI  - Extracochlear eight-channel electrode system.
AB  - The Cologne-Duren research group has developed a new extracochlear eight-channel
      electrode system. The first observations on six cases have shown encouraging
      psychoacoustic results.

PMID- 3839252
TI  - Identification of the promoter of the Pseudomonas gene coding for
      carboxypeptidase G2.
AB  - A 213-bp region of noncoding DNA upstream of the ATG start codon of the
      Pseudomonas carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2) structural gene has been shown to contain
      the CPG2 promoter. The mRNA start point (+1) on the DNA sequence has been
      identified by mapping the 5' end of the CPG2 transcript. The identified promoter
      region contains a -10 region (TATAAG) that closely resembles the Escherichia coli
      consensus sequence (TATAAT), but has no easily recognisable -35 region. The lack
      of homology in the -35 region explains why this particular pseudomonad gene is
      poorly expressed in E. coli. Similar sequence differences may turn out to be the
      cause of the generally observed inefficient expression of Pseudomonas genes in E.
      coli. The promoter region also carries a sequence (CTGGCACTCGAATTGCT) that
      closely matches the consensus nif promoter sequence (CTGGPyAPyPuNNNNTTGCA) of
      Klebsiella pneumoniae and Rhizobium, and a similar sequence (ATGGCATGGCGGTTGCT)
      found in the promoter region of the xylABC operon of the TOL plasmid of
      Pseudomonas putida.

PMID- 3839253
TI  - Genetic relationships of the dengue virus serotypes.
AB  - Previous studies have compared RNA genomes from the different dengue virus
      serotypes by cDNA-RNA hybridization using dengue-1 virus- and dengue-2 virus
      specific cDNA probes. These probes revealed that there is a close genetic
      relationship between dengue virus serotypes 1 and 4. In this communication, the
      cDNA-RNA hybridization results using dengue-3- and dengue-4-specific cDNA probes
      to determine the genetic relatedness of all four dengue virus serotypes are
      reported. The results indicate that serotypes 1 and 4 are genetically very
      closely related (sharing about 70% of their genomes as detected by both the
      dengue-1 and dengue-4 cDNA probes), as are serotypes 3 and 4 (sharing about 50%
      of their genomes as detected by both the dengue-3 and dengue-4 cDNA probes).
      Serotype 2 does not seem to be very closely related to the other dengue virus
      serotypes by cDNA-RNA hybridization analysis.

PMID- 3839254
TI  - Muscarinic receptor subclasses in the chick embryo retina: influence of
      corticosterone treatment.
AB  - The present study was performed on retinas of chick embryos receiving at day 8 of
      incubation an intracerebral injection of 0.02 microgram of corticosterone. We had
      previously shown with the use of [3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate [( 3H]QNB) that such
      treatment induced the appearance of two muscarinic binding sites in the treated
      retinas, whereas only one was detectable in the controls. In the present study we
      investigated muscarinic cholinergic receptor subclasses with agonist and
      antagonist binding. Agonist binding was studied by varying the concentrations of
      carbachol and acetylcholine (10(-9) M-10(-5) M) in the presence of a constant
      concentration (0.2 nM) of [3H]QNB. Two subpopulations of receptors were revealed,
      a high- and a low-affinity receptor, in both treated and control retinas.
      However, in the hormone-treated retinas, the two subpopulations significantly
      differed from the controls in their affinity and in their relative percentage
      among the total receptor population. Moreover, using pirenzepine, an antagonist
      known to have the capacity to distinguish between muscarinic cholinergic
      subclasses, two receptor subpopulations were found to be present in the hormone
      treated retinas but a single one in the controls. It is suggested that hormone
      treatment can either induce the appearance of a new subclass of muscarinic
      cholinergic receptors or favor the maturation of a population of retinal cells
      having these receptors. Pirenzepine binding in retinas from intact embryos of 7,
      9, and 11 days of incubation revealed one receptor subpopulation. Thus, these
      findings are more consistent with the hypothesis that corticosterone effects the
      target cells, either inducing changes in muscarinic receptor and/or modifying the
      receptor environment.

PMID- 3839255
TI  - Daphnane diterpenes from Diarthron vesiculosum: vesiculosin and isovesiculosin.
AB  - An alcoholic extract of Diarthron vesiculosum seed has yielded two novel daphnane
      diterpene esters, vesiculosin and isovesiculosin. Compounds 1 and 2 undergo rapid
      interconversion to an equilibrium mixture containing approximately 80% 1 and 20%
      2 in solution at elevated temperatures. At 25 degrees or below, 1 and 2 may be
      isolated and stored for extended periods with minimal interconversion.
      Excoecariatoxin and simplexin are the major daphnane orthoesters present in D.
      vesiculosum, and 1 and 2 apparently are biosynthetic precursors of 3. Isolation
      of these compounds was monitored by bioassay against PS leukemia (in vivo), and
      structures were determined by 1H nmr, 13C nmr, ms, and comparison with known
      compounds.

PMID- 3839256
TI  - Chemistry of acronycine, VII. Facile rearrangement of dihydronoracronycine to
      dihydroisonoracronycine.

PMID- 3839257
TI  - Absolute configuration of deglucopterocereine: conversion into R-(+)-N
      methylcalycotomine.

PMID- 3839258
TI  - Antitumor agents, 71. Nudaphantin, a new cytotoxic germacranolide, and
      elephantopin from Elephantopus nudatus.
AB  - Nudaphantin, a new cytotoxic germacranolide, and the known elephantopin were
      isolated from Elephantopus nudatus, and their structures elucidated on the basis
      of physicochemical data, spectral evidence, and direct comparison with authentic
      samples.

PMID- 3839259
TI  - Bioactive marine natural products, with emphasis on handling of water-soluble
      compounds.
AB  - Recent progress in separation techniques has enabled us to work with water
      soluble components which, more often than not, are responsible for biological
      activities found in marine organisms. Isolation techniques and chemical and
      biological aspects of water-soluble marine natural products will be discussed
      with some representative examples.

PMID- 3839261
TI  - The localization of lectin-binding sites on Schwann cell basal lamina.
AB  - Basal laminae were separated from Schwann cells of mouse sciatic nerves by
      sonification, and the distributions of lectin-binding sites were demonstrated by
      electron microscopy using ferritin-conjugated lectins. Only three out of the 11
      lectins examined were bound to the basal laminae of Schwann cells: they were
      Ricinus communis agglutinin-I (RCA-I), Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin (ConA) and
      Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (wheat germ agglutinin, WGA). It was notable that
      WGA was bound more densely to the cellular side than to the interstitial side,
      whereas in the case of RCA-I and ConA there were no differences in the binding
      density on the two sides of the basal lamina. These results indicate that there
      are sugar residues such as beta-D-galactose, alpha-D-mannose, alpha-D-glucose and
      beta(1-4) linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the Schwann cell basal laminae. The
      first three sugar residues are almost equally densely distributed on the cellular
      and interstitial sides of the basal laminae, whereas beta(1-4) linked N-acetyl-D
      glucosamine is more densely distributed on the cellular than on the interstitial
      side. This result suggests that the basal lamina has a polarity in chemical
      composition between the cellular and interstitial sides. These findings are
      discussed in the context of the preferential attachment of regenerating axons to
      the cellular side of the Schwann cell basal laminae.

PMID- 3839260
TI  - Bioactive marine metabolites, IV. Isolation and the amino acid composition of
      discodermin A, an antimicrobial peptide, from the marine sponge Discodermia
      kiiensis.
AB  - An antimicrobial peptide, discodermin A, has been isolated from the marine sponge
      Discodermia kiiensis. The peptide showed antimicrobial activity as well as an
      inhibition of starfish embryo development. It appeared to be a tetradecapeptide
      consisting of D-Cys(O3H), L-Asp, L-MeGlu, L-Thr (2 moles), Sar, D-Pro, D-Ala, D-
      and L-t-Leu, D-Leu, L-Phe, D-Trp, and L-Arg.

PMID- 3839262
TI  - Moderate versus aggressive chemotherapy of nodular lymphocytic poorly
      differentiated lymphoma.
AB  - One hundred twenty-eight patients with purely nodular lymphocytic poorly
      differentiated lymphoma (NLPDL) without any prior therapy, entered on Eastern
      Cooperative Oncology Group protocol EST 2474, were analyzed for response,
      progression-free and overall survival. The restaged complete response rates with
      cyclophosphamide-prednisone (CP) (moderate regimen) of 54% compared favorably
      with those of the more intensive regimens; cyclophosphamide, vincristine,
      procarbazine and prednisone (COPP) (56%) and BCNU, cyclophosphamide, vincristine,
      and prednisone (BCVP) (53%). The toxicity of the regimens decreased from BCVP to
      COPP to CP. The median survival rate for the entire group was 7.8 years.
      Estimated progression-free survival at five years by regimen was COPP, 57%; BCVP,
      26%; CP, 22% (P = .02). No other prognostic parameter significantly affected
      progression-free survival. In spite of the better progression-free survival of
      COPP-treated patients, the overall survival rates with the different induction
      regimens were similar. Maintenance therapy for patients in complete response at
      the end of induction therapy with periodic BCVP reinduction did not significantly
      affect the disease-free or overall survival. Cyclophosphamide-prednisone is a
      minimally toxic regimen effective in the treatment of NLPDL, but COPP, in view of
      its acceptable toxicity in this patient population and apparent superiority in
      providing a longer disease-free state, deserves further testing.

PMID- 3839263
TI  - A controlled evaluation of combined 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin C
      (FAM) for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
AB  - One hundred eighty-six patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer were
      randomly assigned to treatment with combined 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and
      mitomycin C (FAM) or combined methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and
      lomustine (MACC). Respective objective regression rates were comparable at 20%
      and 16%. Distribution of intervals to progression (overall median, 2.8 months)
      and survival times (overall median, 5.0 months) were essentially identical
      between the two regimens. The comparability of therapeutic effect was also
      evident within the subset of 81 patients who had adenocarcinoma cell type,
      although MACC showed a small advantage in survival after covariate analysis. In
      large-cell carcinoma, MACC showed a higher regression rate than that of FAM as
      well as a small advantage in survival. In squamous-cell carcinoma, however, FAM
      was superior to MACC in regression rates (32% v 4%) and also provided somewhat
      longer survival. With regard to toxicity, MACC produced a higher incidence of
      nausea and vomiting, whereas FAM produced more frequent and severe
      thrombocytopenia. From an overall standpoint, the therapeutic accomplishments of
      both regimens were disappointing. Our study does, however, provide additional
      evidence that mitomycin C-containing regimens may be selectively effective for
      squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 3839264
TI  - Heterogeneity of binding of muscarinic receptor antagonists in rat brain
      homogenates.
AB  - The binding properties of (-)-[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate and [3H] N
      methylscopolamine to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors have been investigated in
      rat brain homogenates. The binding of both antagonists demonstrated high affinity
      and saturability. Analysis of the binding data resulted in linear Scatchard
      plots. However, (-)-[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate showed a significantly higher
      maximal binding capacity than that of [3H]N-methylscopolamine. Displacement of
      both ligands with several muscarinic receptor antagonists resulted in competition
      curves in accordance with the law of mass-action for quinuclidinyl benzilate,
      atropine and scopolamine. A similar profile was found for the quaternary ammonium
      analogs of atropine and scopolamine when [3H]N-methylscopolamine was used to
      label the receptors. However, when these hydrophilic antagonists were used to
      displace (-)-[3H] quinuclidinyl benzilate binding, they showed interaction with
      high- and low-affinity binding sites. On the other hand, the nonclassical
      muscarinic receptor antagonist, pirenzepine, was able to displace both ligands
      from two binding sites. The present data are discussed in terms of the
      relationship of this anomalous heterogenity of binding of these hydrophilic
      muscarinic receptor antagonists and the proposed M1 and M2 receptor subtypes.

PMID- 3839265
TI  - Characterization of [3H]pirenzepine binding to muscarinic cholinergic receptors
      solubilized from rat brain.
AB  - Membranes prepared from rat cerebral cortex were solubilized in buffer containing
      1% digitonin. Material present in the supernatant after centrifugation at 147,000
      X g was shown to contain binding sites for both [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate [(
      3H]QNB) and [3H]pirenzepine [( 3H]PZ). Recovery of binding sites was
      approximately 25% of the initial membrane-bound [3H]QNB binding sites. The Kd
      values for [3H]QNB and [3H]PZ binding to solubilized receptors were 0.3 nM and
      0.1 microM, respectively. As has been observed previously in membrane
      preparations, [3H]PZ appeared to label fewer solubilized binding sites than did
      [3H]QNB. Maximum binding values for [3H]PZ and [3H]QNB binding to solubilized
      receptors were approximately 400 and 950 fmol/mg of protein, respectively.
      Competition curves for PZ inhibiting the binding of [3H]QNB, however, had Hill
      slopes of 1, with a Ki value of 0.24 microM. The k1 and k-1 for [3H]PZ binding
      were 3.5 X 10(6) M-1 min-1 and 0.13 min-1, respectively. The muscarinic receptor
      antagonists atropine, scopolamine and PZ inhibited the binding of [3H]QNB and
      [3H]PZ to solubilized receptors with Hill slopes of 1, as did the muscarinic
      receptor agonist oxotremorine. The muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol competed
      for [3H]QNB and [3H]PZ binding with a Hill slope of less than 1 in cerebral
      cortex, but not in cerebellum. GTP did not alter the interactions of carbachol or
      oxotremorine with the solubilized receptor. Together, these data suggest that
      muscarinic receptor sites solubilized from rat brain retain their abilities to
      interact selectively with muscarinic receptor agonists and antagonists.

PMID- 3839266
TI  - Evidence of a juvenile-hormone-like compound in the reproduction of Dermanyssus
      gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae).

PMID- 3839267
TI  - Osmolality of rice water, dextrose-saline solution and formula milk--implication
      in the management of infantile gastroenteritis.

PMID- 3839268
TI  - Variability in osmolality of home prepared formula milk samples.

PMID- 3839269
TI  - Dangerous infant feed preparation techniques: the role of maternal methods and
      improper formulae in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia).

PMID- 3839270
TI  - Hashimoto's thyroiditis and ulcerative colitis in a patient with Turner's
      syndrome.

PMID- 3839271
TI  - Early intervention aids vision-impaired infants.

PMID- 3839272
TI  - [Surfactant supplement in lung lavaged dogs].

PMID- 3839273
TI  - [Differential diagnostic value of the peroral roentgenological contrast
      examination in intestinal obstruction].

PMID- 3839274
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of postoperative intestinal paralysis].

PMID- 3839275
TI  - [Use of the thymus preparation thymalin in the complex prevention of
      postoperative infectious complications after reconstructive biliary surgery].

PMID- 3839276
TI  - [Complex treatment of patients with functional disorders of the gastrointestinal
      tract in acute surgical diseases of the abdominal organs].

PMID- 3839277
TI  - [Method of combined sympathetic blockade for preventing postoperative intestinal
      paralysis].

PMID- 3839278
TI  - Low-dose dopamine preserves renal blood flow in endotoxin shocked dogs treated
      with ibuprofen.
AB  - Drugs that inhibit prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis improve hemodynamics and
      survival in experimental endotoxic and septic shock. The therapeutic utility of
      these agents in the management of septic patients may be limited, however, by
      their tendency to decrease renal blood flow (RBF) in animals and humans stressed
      by experimental manipulations or disease states that promote renal
      vasoconstriction. In the present study, we addressed this question: can low-dose
      intravenous (iv) dopamine (4 micrograms/kg/min), a known renal vasodilator,
      improve renal perfusion in endotoxin-shocked dogs treated with the PG synthesis
      inhibitor, ibuprofen. RBF was measured in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs using
      an electromagnetic flow meter. After obtaining baseline hemodynamics, Escherichia
      coli endotoxin (1.5 mg/kg) was given iv. The dogs were randomized 30 min later
      into three groups: Group I received saline; Group II received ibuprofen (12.5
      mg/kg, iv); Group III received ibuprofen plus dopamine. Comparison of Groups I
      and II revealed that ibuprofen increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) and
      systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (P less than 0.0001 and P = 0.002,
      respectively) and decreased RBF (P = 0.019). Adding low-dose dopamine (Group II
      vs Group III) did not significantly affect MAP or SVR, but did augment RBF (P
      less than 0.001). We conclude that low-dose dopamine improves renal hemodynamics
      in ibuprofen-treated endotoxemic dogs.

PMID- 3839279
TI  - A potential microneurosurgical method for the manipulation of the developing
      nervous system of the postimplantation mouse embryo in utero. I. Injection
      methods.
AB  - A microsurgical method for the injection of cells into the postimplantation mouse
      embryo whilst it is in utero is described. Specific regions of the 9.5-day-old
      mouse embryo brain have been injected with marker substances, such regions
      including the intraventricular cavity of the telencephalon and the trigeminal
      facialis ganglion bulge of the forebrain. Histological study of the injected
      embryos shows that the injection method is precise and able to avoid damage to
      other nearly embryonic tissues. The method should have wide application in the
      study of questions of normal cell lineage, neoplasia, teratology, and toxicology.

PMID- 3839280
TI  - A computerized control system for a bar-press feeding task initiated by monkey
      vocalization.
AB  - Computerized control of a bar-press feeding task initiated by a monkey's
      vocalization was designed to study the motivational roles of brain regions in
      feeding behavior. In this paradigm, the monkey was required to vocalize in order
      to initiate the task and then press the bar 30 times to obtain the reward. A
      microcomputer was used to sense the vocalization and to control the task. Using
      this system, changes in single neuron activity in the orbitofrontal cortex and
      the lateral hypothalamic area preceding the time of the vocalization were
      observed. The entire system including interface and control program is described.

PMID- 3839281
TI  - A microcomputer system designed for psychological and behavioural experiments.
AB  - This paper describes a relatively cheap MC6809-based microcomputer designed to
      run experiments in real-time, and to use the hardware and software facilities of
      a larger (HOST) computer. Each microcomputer is capable of controlling a wide
      range of psychological and behavioural experiments, and includes 32K RAM, 4K
      EPROM, 32 digital input lines, 32 digital output lines, analogue/digital
      converters, and programmable timers. Any programming language may be used,
      providing a cross-compiler generating MC6809 executable code exists for the HOST.
      Following over a year of use we can confirm that this system provides an
      effective method of running psychological and behavioural experiments.

PMID- 3839282
TI  - Emeriamine, an antidiabetic beta-aminobetaine derived from a novel fungal
      metabolite.
AB  - Emeriamine [(R)-3-amino-4-trimethylaminobutyric acid], derived from a novel
      fungal metabolite "emericedin" [(R)-3-acetylamino-4-trimethylaminobutyric acid],
      was proved to be a strong and specific inhibitor of carnitine-dependent oxidation
      of long chain fatty acid (IC50; 3.2 X 10(-6)M) and its main inhibition site was
      shown to be carnitine palmitoyltransferase I located on the outer-surface of the
      mitochondrial inner membrane. Emeriamine also showed hypoglycemic and
      antiketogenic activities in a dose-dependent manner (1 - 10 mg/kg) when
      administered orally to fasted normal and diabetic animals.

PMID- 3839283
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy in Queensland, 1971-1980.
AB  - An examination of data from the Queensland Hospital Morbidity Collection
      indicated that the incidence of ectopic pregnancy as a proportion of total births
      appeared to have doubled between 1971 and 1980. Similar trends were evident in
      two other Australian regions. A review of possible biases suggested that the true
      rate of increase was unlikely to be much lower than that observed. In Queensland,
      venereal disease notifications in women and admissions to hospital for
      inflammatory diseases of the female reproductive organs have shown an analogous
      rise.

PMID- 3839284
TI  - Phase I study of VP-16 (etoposide) and amsacrine (AMSA) in the treatment of
      refractory acute leukemia.
AB  - Fourteen patients with refractory acute non-lymphocytic leukemia were entered
      into a dose-seeking trial of combination therapy with etoposide and amsacrine
      given daily for five consecutive days. There were three complete responses
      lasting 2 months, 3 months, and 10 months and two transient partial remissions.
      Dose-limiting toxicities were stomatitis and diarrhea. Prolonged aplasia occurred
      at the highest doses tested and appeared to result from repetitive doses of the
      combination given as maintenance. We recommend for induction and
      consolidation/intensification treatment VP-16, 125 mg/m2, and AMSA, 125 mg/m2,
      intravenously daily for 5 days. A reduction by at least 50% in the dose of each
      drug is recommended for maintenance of complete remissions.

PMID- 3839285
TI  - Regulation of 25-OH-D3 1 alpha-hydroxylase and 24-hydroxylase activities along
      the rat nephron and in isolated kidney cells.
AB  - The regulation of 25-OH-D3 metabolism in isolated cells of one kidney and
      microdissected single nephron segments from the contralateral kidney was studied.
      Preparations from rats fed a normal diet produced only 24,25-OH2-D3, in isolated
      cells (7.9 pmol/1.25 X 10(6) cells/min; 5 micron 25-OH-D3), in proximal
      convoluted tubules (PCT; 1.9 pmol/mm/min; 0.1 mM 25-OH-D3), and proximal straight
      tubules (PST; 1.5 pmol/mm/min; 0.1 mM 25-OH-D3). Distal tubules (DT) did not
      metabolize 25-OH-D3. Rats pretreated with 1,25-(OH)2-D3 produced more 24,25-(OH)2
      D3 in PST (2.49 pmol/mm/min), with no change of metabolism in the isolated cells,
      PCT and DT. Preparations from vitamin D deficient rats produced both 24,25-(OH)2
      D3 and 1,25-(OH)2-D3: 7.2 and 4.6 pmol/1.25 X 10(6) cells/min, respectively, in
      the cells, 0.9 and 0.3 pmol/mm/min in PCT and 1.2 and 0.4 in PST. These results
      confirm that rat PCT and PST have 24-hydroxylase activity, that in vitamin D
      deficiency, rat renal cells, PCT and PST all have both 24-hydroxylase and 1 alpha
      hydroxylase activity, and that 1,25-(OH)2-D3 pretreatment increases the 24
      hydroxylase activity in the PST but not in the PCT.

PMID- 3839286
TI  - Calciuric response to 1,25-(OH)2D3 in early renal failure.
AB  - In 10 patients with early renal failure (glomerular filtration rate between 30
      and 80 ml/min/1.73 m2) without nephrotic syndrome and in 13 controls the
      calciuric response to increasing oral doses of calcitriol [1,25-(OH)2D3] (0.25;
      0.5; 1.0; 1.5 micrograms/day) was evaluated. Patients had initially normal plasma
      calcitriol levels, normocalcemia and hypocalciuria. With calcitriol doses up to 1
      microgram/day, the increment of UVCa was less in patients. Only at 1.5
      micrograms/day the calciuria of patients reached the baseline calciuria of
      controls. The data document that 1.0 microgram calcitriol per day is required to
      normalize UVCa in patients with early renal failure and normal calcitriol levels.
      Blunted calciuric response to low doses of calcitriol is compatible with an
      altered dose-response relationship.

PMID- 3839287
TI  - Prostatic abscess with adult respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 3839288
TI  - Radio-frequency interference in cochlear implants.

PMID- 3839289
TI  - Cloning, sequencing and expression of cDNA for a novel subunit of acetylcholine
      receptor from calf muscle.
AB  - The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) from fish electric organ has a
      subunit structure of alpha 2 beta gamma delta, and this is thought to be also the
      case for the mammalian skeletal muscle AChR. By cloning and sequencing the
      complementary or genomic DNAs, we have previously elucidated the primary
      structures of all four subunits of the Torpedo californica electroplax and calf
      muscle AChR and of the alpha- and gamma-subunits of the human muscle AChR; the
      primary structures of the gamma-subunit of the T. californica AChR and the alpha
      subunit of the Torpedo marmorata AChR have also been deduced elsewhere. We have
      now cloned DNA complementary to the calf muscle messenger RNA encoding a novel
      polypeptide (the epsilon-subunit) whose deduced amino-acid sequence has features
      characteristic of the AChR subunits and which shows higher sequence homology with
      the gamma-subunit than with the other subunits. cDNA expression studies indicate
      that the calf epsilon-subunit, as well as the calf gamma-subunit, can replace the
      Torpedo gamma-subunit to form the functional receptor in combination with the
      Torpedo alpha-, beta- and delta-subunits.

PMID- 3839291
TI  - Identification of serotonin M-receptor subtypes and their specific blockade by a
      new class of drugs.
AB  - We describe a new class of drugs that selectively block serotonin M-receptors on
      peripheral neurones. Because of their high affinity, some of these drugs are the
      most potent of any pharmacological class yet reported. They have allowed the
      identification of three M-receptor subtypes, one of which is responsible for
      mediating the painful effects of serotonin in humans.

PMID- 3839290
TI  - Molecular characterization and expression of the gene encoding human erythroid
      potentiating activity.
AB  - Erythropoietin is the primary physiological regulator of erythropoiesis; however,
      in vitro studies have identified another class of mediators which appear to be
      important in stimulating erythroid progenitors. These factors have generally been
      referred to as burst-promoting activities (BPA), because they stimulate the
      growth of early erythroid progenitors referred to as burst-forming units
      erythroid (BFU-E) which give rise to colonies of up to thousands of
      haemoglobinized cells. We recently reported purification of a burst-promoting
      activity from medium conditioned by the Mo T-lymphoblast cell line infected with
      human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II). This purified glycoprotein of
      relative molecular mass (Mr) 28,000 also stimulates colony formation by more
      mature erythroid precursors (CFU-E) and is therefore referred to as erythroid
      potentiating activity (EPA). Purified EPA specifically stimulates human and
      murine cells of the erythroid lineage, unlike murine interleukin-3 (IL-3) which
      stimulates precursor cells from all haematopoietic lineages. We report here the
      isolation of a complementary DNA molecular clone encoding EPA and its use in
      producing EPA in COS (monkey) cells and CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells. We
      also define the organization of the EPA gene in human DNA.

PMID- 3839292
TI  - Molsidomine on cardiovascular leukotriene D4 actions.
AB  - Anaesthetized open-chest dogs were used to study the effects of intracoronary
      leukotriene D4 (LTD4; 0.5 micrograms/kg) on haemodynamics, the electrocardiogram
      (ECG), coronary blood flow in the left circumflex artery and coronary resistance
      in the absence or presence of the antianginal drug molsidomine (500 micrograms/kg
      i.v.). LTD4 increased left ventricular (LV) filling pressure from 6.5 +/- 3.8 to
      14.7 +/- 3.2 mm Hg (P less than 0.01), decreased LV dP/dtmax from 2,500 +/- 200
      to 1,240 +/- 205 mm Hg/s (P less than 0.05), elevated the S-T segment of the ECG
      from 0.3 +/- 0.2 to 2.4 +/- 0.6 mV (P less than 0.01), and coronary resistance
      from 3.4 +/- 0.9 to 33.7 +/- 4.8 mm Hg X min X ml-1 (P less than 0.001). Coronary
      artery blood flow fell from 33.8 +/- 2.7 to 3 +/- 3 ml/min (P less than 0.001).
      Molsidomine treatment 15 min prior to repeated intracoronary LTD4 application
      attenuated vasoconstrictor response to LTD4 and the subsequent elevation in total
      coronary vascular resistance. The negative inotropic actions of the eicosanoid
      were counteracted by molsidomine. Filling pressure decreased and no temporary
      signs of ischaemia were noted in the ECG. Inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzyme
      activity by i.v. indomethacin (5 mg/kg) had no effects on the LTD4-induced
      haemodynamic alterations, the ECG, and coronary flow and resistance. The
      antagonistic molsidomine actions on haemodynamic and electrocardiographic LTD4
      effects were not influenced by previous indomethacin treatment.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3839293
TI  - Serum phosphate, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D metabolites in patients with
      chronic renal failure: effect of aluminum hydroxide administration.
AB  - Patients with chronic renal failure showed the existence of phosphate retention,
      secondary hyperparathyroidism, and reduced production of 1,25-(OH)2D. In order to
      determine the effect of correction of hyperphosphatemia on secondary
      hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D metabolism in those patients, 7 nondialyzed
      patients with chronic renal failure were treated with large doses of A1(OH)3 (15
      18 g/day) to correct their high levels of serum phosphate. After treatment with
      A1(OH)3, serum phosphate fell significantly (p less than 0.005) from 6.3 +/- 1.3
      (mean +/- SD) to 3.7 +/- 0.5 mg/dl. Serum parathyroid hormone decreased
      significantly (p less than 0.02) from 2.87 +/- 1.64 to 1.85 +/- 1.26 ngEq/ml.
      Serum 1,25-(OH)2D was low compared to the normal mean level before A1(OH)3
      administration and decreased significantly (p greater than 0.02) from 19.4 +/-
      6.1 to 11.4 +/- 4.3 pg/ml after the treatment. Aluminum levels increased
      significantly (p greater than 0.02) from 1.7 +/- 1.0 to 3.6 +/- 1.5
      micrograms/dl. Serum calcium, calcitonin, and 25-(OH)D showed no significant
      change. Our data suggested that the suppression of secondary hyperparathyroidism
      by A1(OH)3 treatment results in a decrease of the 1,25-(OH)2D level in patients
      with chronic renal failure, even though their hyperphosphatemia has been
      corrected. We speculate that aluminum loading might play a role in diminishing
      the secretion of parathyroid hormone and the production of 1,25-(OH)2D in humans.

PMID- 3839294
TI  - The bionic ear: principles and current status of cochlear prostheses.
AB  - The field of cochlear prostheses is reviewed, emphasizing the neurophysiological
      principles necessary for the development of a successful cochlear prosthesis.
      Pertinent auditory physiology is reviewed, and four conditions are proposed
      which, if met, should result in speech recognition by the patient with an
      implant. These conditions are: The surviving neural population must be adequate
      over the frequency distribution required to deliver the necessary information for
      speech discrimination. The central neural processing pattern for decoding and
      recognizing speech must have been established and still persist. The processing
      of the acoustic signal by the auditory system up to the level of the prosthesis
      interface must be understood and predictable from the acoustic stimulus. The
      relationship between the response patterns of the neural elements and the
      electrical stimulus must be well documented and controllable. The degree to which
      these conditions can presently be met is discussed, with some suggestions for
      future development. The function of the cochlear prosthesis is separated into a
      signal processing section and an electrical stimulus section. Two signal
      processing strategies are analog processing of the acoustic signal and speech
      feature extraction from the acoustic signal. Four possible electrical stimulation
      strategies are direct analog stimulation from the signal processor, pulse
      amplitude modulation, pulse width modulation, and stimulation designed to
      optimize the neural responses to electrical stimulation. Some of the present
      generation cochlear prostheses, including five approved by the FDA as
      investigational devices, are discussed according to this classification. The
      clinical results of testing these devices as aids to lip reading and as stand
      alone speech reception aids are compared. All are a potential aid to lip reading.
      Some prosthesis designs have been implanted in patients who then showed
      exceptional open set speech discrimination. These exceptional patients have used
      both single channel and multichannel devices and devices with both analog
      processing and speech feature extraction strategies. These results are
      encouraging. More consistent and better speech reception is anticipated for the
      future as this field develops.

PMID- 3839295
TI  - Dorsal root innervation of spinal cord neurons after dorsal root implantation
      into the spinal cord of adult rats.
AB  - In an attempt to enhance spinal cord reinnervation by dorsal root neurons in the
      adult rat, the root was cut and implanted into the cord. Wheat germ agglutinin
      horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was injected into the dorsal root ganglion in
      order to look for regrowth in the spinal cord. Instead of regenerated dorsal root
      axons, there was an occurrence of HRP-labelled spinal cord neurons in the
      vicinity of the implanted dorsal root. In control animals, which had been
      subjected to dorsal root crush, no labelled neurons or terminals were observed in
      the spinal cord.

PMID- 3839297
TI  - [Possibilities of automatic perimetry using the computer perimeter "Perimetron"
      in the diagnosis of glaucoma].

PMID- 3839296
TI  - Effect of nicotine on fetal prostacyclin and thromboxane in humans.
AB  - To study the effect of nicotine on fetal prostacyclin and thromboxane A2,
      specimens from the umbilical arteries of infants born to healthy nonsmoking
      mothers were superfused in the absence or presence of nicotine (50 to 10,000
      micrograms/mL), and the releases of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (a break-down
      product of prostacyclin) and thromboxane B2 (a metabolite of thromboxane A2) were
      measured. The baseline production of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (63.9 +/- 8.8
      ng/minute per gram of dry weight tissue, mean +/- SE, N = 10) or that of
      thromboxane B2 (1.3 +/- 0.2 ng/minute per gram, N = 10) were unaffected by
      nicotine. To study the effect of nicotine on thromboxane A2 synthesis by the
      fetal platelets, thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and consequent thromboxane
      A2 synthesis were allowed to occur in the whole cord blood in the absence or
      presence of nicotine (10 to 500 micrograms/mL). Nicotine inhibited concentration
      dependently platelet thromboxane A2 synthesis from the baseline level (107.3 +/-
      7.1 ng/mL) by 15 to 93%. This inhibition was also seen in thromboxane A2
      synthesis starting from exogenous arachidonic acid, suggesting that nicotine
      inhibits either cyclooxygenase and/or thromboxane A2 synthetase in the fetal
      platelets. Thus, nicotine is hardly responsible for maternal smoking-induced
      changes in fetal prostacyclin formation.

PMID- 3839298
TI  - Intraocular pressure elevation following Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.
AB  - Intraocular pressures (IOP) and tonographic outflow facilities were measured
      following neodymium (Nd): YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in 13 pseudophakic and
      8 aphakic eyes. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) peaked by three hours with a mean
      increase of 13 mmHg, remained elevated by 5 mmHg at 24 hours but returned to
      baseline by one week. Fourteen eyes (67%) had greater than or equal to 10 mmHg
      elevation and eight (38%) had greater than or equal to 40 mmHg maximum IOP. All
      the patients who eventually demonstrated a greater than or equal to 10 mmHg
      elevation within six hours of the capsulotomy initially had an IOP elevation
      greater than or equal to 5 mmHg at one hour. The mean outflow facility was
      reduced from 0.18 microl/min/mmHg before capsulotomy to 0.08 microl/min/mmHg
      (55%, P less than 0.0001) at four hours and was still decreased at 0.13
      microl/min/mmHg (27%, P less than 0.05) at one week. Seventy-five percent of
      aphakic and 15% of pseudophakic patients had maximum IOP greater than or equal to
      40 mmHg (P less than 0.01). Measurements should be performed one hour postlaser
      in all patients for IOP and three to four hours in aphakic patients, glaucomatous
      patients, patients receiving greater than or equal to 200 mjoules total laser
      energy, and patients with greater than or equal to 5 mmHg elevation at one hour
      in order to detect and treat significant IOP elevations.

PMID- 3839299
TI  - Orbital compliance in Graves' eye disease.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with Graves' eye disease (GED) and 68 normal subjects had
      their orbital compliance measured by determining the force generated on
      retropulsing the eye and also estimated on digital retropulsion, and their eye
      position determined with an exophthalmometer. Patients with compressive optic
      neuropathy showed significantly higher mean forward force on retropulsion than
      other Graves' eye disease patients or normal subjects, supporting the theory that
      the tissue is compressed in these orbits. There is a suggestion that orbital
      compliance testing of a GED patient without compressive optic neuropathy may be
      of value in predicting the risk of the patient developing compressive optic
      neuropathy. There is no association between the force on ocular retropulsion and
      the exophthalmometer reading. The digital estimation of the resistance to
      retropulsion did not reliably suggest the measured forces.

PMID- 3839300
TI  - [Premature labor and intrauterine infection].

PMID- 3839301
TI  - Role of fetal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production in intrauterine phosphorus and
      calcium homeostasis.
AB  - During intrauterine life, fetal mineral accretion depends on active transfer from
      mother to fetus by the placenta. To evaluate the role of fetal production of 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D in regulation of fetal phosphorus, calcium, and parathyroid
      homeostasis, studies were performed in ewes and their fetal lambs. Fetal
      nephrectomy caused a rise in fetal serum phosphorus and a fall in total calcium 5
      days after nephrectomy. Fetal blood ionized calcium also fell and serum
      parathyroid hormone rose. In sham-nephrectomized fetuses, all four measurements
      were unchanged compared to control values. Simultaneous maternal values of
      ionized calcium were normal in control and nephrectomized fetuses. Fetal ureteral
      severance and drainage of urine into the fetal peritoneal cavity produced none of
      the effects of fetal nephrectomy. Daily intravenous injection of 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D into fetuses after nephrectomy prevented the rise in serum
      phosphate, and serum calcium did not fall. The results suggest that fetal 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D regulates fetal phosphate homeostasis, perhaps by the
      placenta, which in turn regulates blood-ionized calcium concentration.

PMID- 3839302
TI  - Lung surfactant replacement in premature lambs with extracted lipids from bovine
      lung lavage: effects of dose, dispersion technique, and gestational age.
AB  - Extracted bovine calf lung lipids (CLL) with minimal protein (approximately 1%)
      were instilled prior to ventilation in groups of premature lambs of average
      gestational ages of 127 and 133 days. Aqueous dispersions of CLL were prepared by
      two techniques prior to instillation: sonication in an ice bath (S) and
      mechanical vortexing at room temperature (V). A low surfactant dose (15 mg CLL/kg
      animal weight) and a high dose (100 mg/kg) were investigated for each dispersion
      technique. Following tracheal instillation of surfactant, lambs were ventilated
      with 100% oxygen for 2 h with umbilical circulation intact, and for up to an
      additional 10 h after separation. A clear improvement in blood oxygenation and
      lung compliance was found over controls for lambs given 15 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg
      CLL(V), and 100 mg/kg CLL(S). Lambs treated with 15 mg/kg CLL(S) failed to
      improve over controls. Experimental groups treated with equal doses of CLL(V) and
      CLL(S) had similar amounts of lung lavage phospholipid, with values progressively
      declining during ventilation. Analyses of in vitro surface properties showed that
      both vortexed and sonicated CLL dispersions adsorbed to equilibrium surface
      pressures of 45-47 dynes/cm in seconds at concentrations greater than or equal to
      0.25 mg CLL/ml. Both dispersions also lowered surface tension to less than 1
      dyne/cm under dynamic compression at 37 degrees C in 100% humidity, although
      CLL(V) showed some enhancement over CLL(S) in dynamic surface activity at low
      subphase concentration (0.5 mg/ml). Moreover, CLL(V) and CLL(S) differed markedly
      in their effects on pressure-volume mechanics in a surfactant-deficient excised
      rat lung model. Instilled CLL(V) dispersions improved excised lung pressure
      volume mechanics at significantly lower concentrations than CLL(S) dispersions.

PMID- 3839303
TI  - Myosin light chain phosphorylation and isometric twitch potentiation in intact
      human muscle.
AB  - The effects of a single voluntary contraction of the quadriceps muscle group on
      phosphate incorporation into the phosphorylatable light chains (P-light chains)
      of fast and slow myosin isolated from the vastus lateralis muscle and
      potentiation of the electrically stimulated twitch tension was studied in intact
      human muscle. Twitch potentiation was maximal 20 s after the voluntary
      contraction. Thereafter, twitch potentiation declined, but was still
      significantly higher than pre-contraction values 2 min after the voluntary
      contraction. Phosphate incorporation into the P-light chain of fast myosin
      followed a similar time course to twitch potentiation, but no phosphate was
      incorporated into slow myosin P-light chains. These observations suggest that
      myosin light chain kinase activity is mainly associated with fast-twitch muscle
      fibers and, in agreement with previous studies, suggests that twitch potentiation
      associated with P-light chain phosphorylation is confined to the fast-twitch
      fibers of human muscle.

PMID- 3839304
TI  - Conservation and variability of wheat alpha/beta-gliadin genes.
AB  - We have sequenced two genomic clones for wheat alpha/beta-gliadin storage protein
      genes. Comparison with a known sequence reveals close homology between the three
      and confirms the previously suspected evolutionary relatedness of members of this
      gliadin family. The coding region can be divided into six domains. Two unusual
      structures were found within this region: (i) The P-boxes which are composed of
      12 codons, six of which are for proline, that are tandemly repeated four or five
      times; and (ii) Two polyglutamine stretches which consist of 18-22 tandemly
      repeated glutamine codons in one case, and 7-28 in the second. Analysis of the P
      box structures revealed that certain mutations were probably present in the
      hypothetical ancestral alpha/beta-gliadin gene prior to gene multiplication. None
      of the genes have introns. All of the genes appear to contain typical eukaryotic
      promoters and also possess the double polyadenylation signal of plants.

PMID- 3839305
TI  - Cloned DNA probes regionally mapped to human chromosome 21 and their use in
      determining the origin of nondisjunction.
AB  - A number of unique sequence recombinant DNA clones were isolated from a
      recombinant DNA library constructed from DNA enriched for chromosome 21 by flow
      sorting. Of these, five were mapped to chromosome 21 using a somatic cell hybrid.
      Regional mapping of these probes and of a probe previously assigned to chromosome
      21, was carried out with the aid of chromosome 21 rearrangements using both
      chromosome sorting and a somatic cell hybrid. Three probes were shown to be
      located on either side of the breakpoint 21q21.2. Two of the probes were shown to
      identify restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) with high rare-allele
      frequencies (0.46 and 0.43). A Bgl II RFLP revealed the parental origin of non
      disjunction in three of ten families with Down's syndrome.

PMID- 3839306
TI  - Analysis of repetitive sequence elements containing tRNA-like sequences.
AB  - Several repetitive sequence elements from diverse species share extensive
      sequence homology with tRNA molecules. Analysis of the tRNA-like sequences within
      these elements suggest that they have originated from authentic tRNA sequences.
      Elements containing tRNA-like sequences can be divided into three distinct groups
      whose members share extensive sequence homology, have similar sequence
      organization and have unique species distribution. We suggest that these three
      groups represent independent examples of retroposon families that have originated
      from tRNAs.

PMID- 3839307
TI  - Effect of dietary calcium stress on plasma vitamin D3 metabolites in the egg
      laying Japanese quail.
AB  - Experiments were performed to ascertain whether circulating levels of 25
      hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 varied in a cyclic manner during
      the 24-hr ovulatory period in Japanese quail hens and to assess the effects of
      dietary calcium restriction upon levels of the plasma vitamin D3 metabolites
      during that period. Birds fed a marginally-deficient calcium diet (1.7%) had
      significantly elevated plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (.71 +/- .11 ng/ml, mean
      +/- SEM) compared with those fed high (3.5%) calcium (.35 +/- .04; P less than
      .01), although these values did not reveal any significant cyclic variation or
      correlation with known diurnal pulses in circulating 17 beta-estradiol. The
      magnitude of the plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 response to dietary calcium
      stress in some individuals was as great as 2.2 ng/ml, which are certainly among
      the highest values reported in any avian or mammalian species to date. These
      observations suggest that the total circulating level of plasma 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 is not important in the direct cyclic regulation of laying
      hen calcium metabolism. The levels of free plasma hormone, target cell membrane
      permeability of the hormone, or regulation of cytosolic/nuclear 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor activity are potential aternate levels of the
      control of vitamin D3 mediated calcium metabolism in the quail hen.

PMID- 3839308
TI  - Mortality of Culicoides brevitarsis fed on cattle treated with ivermectin.
AB  - Adult female Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer, important vectors of arboviruses
      affecting livestock in Australia, were fed on penned Hereford yearling cattle
      which had been given a single subcutaneous injection of ivermectin at a dose of
      200 mcg/kg. The mean mortality of engorged females 48 hr after feeding on the
      treated cattle was 99% for 10 days posttreatment and in excess of 40% for 18 days
      posttreatment. Based on these results, it appears that ivermectin administered
      subcutaneously could be a useful tool for the control of Culicoides-transmitted
      diseases and would provide an attractive alternative to "slaughter out" programs
      in the case of a major exotic disease threat.

PMID- 3839309
TI  - Structure-activity studies on methoxy-substituted phenylisopropylamines using
      drug discrimination methodology.
AB  - Eighteen rats were trained to discriminate 1.0 mg/kg of (+)-amphetamine sulfate
      from saline in a two-lever operant procedure. Once responding was stable, these
      animals were administered various doses of sixteen different methoxy-substituted
      phenylisopropylamines in tests of stimulus generalization. Of three possible mono
      methoxyphenylisopropylamines, all three produced amphetamine-appropriate
      responding, but none was as potent as racemic amphetamine. The amphetamine
      stimulus did not completely generalize to any of the di- or tri
      methoxyphenylisopropylamines.

PMID- 3839310
TI  - Biopharmaceutical investigation of rectal suppositories. Part 2(1):
      Pharmaceutical and biological availability of phenobarbital and phenobarbital
      sodium.
AB  - The influence of the suppository base and drug solubility on the release an
      absorption of phenobarbital and phenobarbital-sodium from model suppositories was
      investigated. It was established that the pharmaceutical and biological
      availability of phenobarbital is higher from a hydrophilic base because of its
      improved solubility. The rate and the degree of release of phenobarbital-sodium
      are more significant from lipophilic bases. The bioavailability of two drug forms
      phenobarbital and phenobarbital-sodium--is almost equal after rectal and oral
      administration.

PMID- 3839311
TI  - Coronary risk evaluation. Computer communication.

PMID- 3839313
TI  - [Gamma-ray spectra analysis program by microcomputer for neutron activation
      analysis].

PMID- 3839312
TI  - Hypolaetin-8-O-glucoside, an anti-inflammatory flavonoid from Sideritis
      mugronensis.

PMID- 3839314
TI  - [Protein C and its clinical implications].

PMID- 3839315
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for neuropeptide Y (NPY): chromatographic characterization of
      immunoreactivity in plasma and tissue extracts.
AB  - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay was developed to determine the
      occurrence and concentration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in plasma and tissue
      extracts. Furthermore, NPY-like immunoreactivity (NPY-Li) was characterized by
      means of three different chromatographic systems. The NPY antiserum used (NI) did
      not cross-react with related peptides of the pancreatic polypeptide family except
      avian pancreatic polypeptide (1% cross-reactivity). Unextracted plasma contained
      high molecular weight proteins which interfered in the assay. Acid ethanol
      extraction removed this protein interference allowing a 90% recovery of NPY-Li.
      The content of NPY-Li in human plasma from healthy subjects was close to or below
      the detection limit (less than 22 pmol/l). Sympathetic nerve stimulation in the
      cat increased the output of NPY-Li from the splenic vein suggesting the release
      of this peptide upon sympathetic activation. The major peak of NPY-Li in spleen
      extracts and splenic vein plasma co-eluted with synthetic porcine NPY and a minor
      peak with larger Stokes radius was also present. The present radioimmunoassay
      enables further studies on the physiological and pathophysiological role of NPY.

PMID- 3839316
TI  - NIH budget and better health.

PMID- 3839317
TI  - Molecular cloning of a gene sequence regulated by nerve growth factor.
AB  - Nerve growth factor (NGF) is essential for the development and differentiation of
      sympathetic or sensory neurons. A complementary DNA was cloned that corresponds
      to a gene sequence induced more than 50-fold in a cultured target cell line of
      pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) 5 hours after the addition of NGF. The
      induced messenger RNA encodes a 90,000-dalton polypeptide that may represent one
      of the primary events in NGF-induced differentiation of neurons.

PMID- 3839318
TI  - High-dose cytosine arabinoside and mAMSA induction and consolidation in patients
      with previously untreated de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: Phase I Pilot
      Study for the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

PMID- 3839319
TI  - [Measurement of the health status of the population: a basic activity for health
      services].

PMID- 3839320
TI  - [Projects for transforming the national health service systems in Latin America].

PMID- 3839321
TI  - Hollow visceral myopathy in black South Africans. A report of 14 cases.
AB  - Familial (hereditary) hollow visceral myopathy is a rare cause of chronic
      intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Fourteen black patients with the disease, 6 males
      and 8 females, are described. The earliest morphological lesion is an isolated
      smooth-muscle degeneration of the muscularis propria of the bowel, especially the
      colon. The pathological changes are lysis and disappearance of the muscularis
      propria of the bowel wall, leading to dilatation and intra-luminal stasis.
      progressive involvement results in large areas of defective muscularis propria.
      The occasional occurrence of mesenteric arteries showing medial muscular fibrosis
      supports the concept of a generalized primary smooth-muscle myopathy.

PMID- 3839322
TI  - Elevated thromboxane B2 levels during erection.

PMID- 3839323
TI  - [Assay of pethidine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for its
      pharmacokinetic study during intrathecal administration].

PMID- 3839324
TI  - [Primary neoplasms and hyperplasias of the gastric mucosa in the dog].
AB  - During the past 15 1/2 years (from 1969 to the middle of 1984) 35 canine primary
      gastric neoplasms (32 necropsies and 3 partial gastric resections) were examined.
      Brought into relation with the total number of necropsies carried out in dogs
      (12,494) the incidence of stomach tumours in the dogs is 0.3%. The tumours are
      classified as 12 benign (1 adenomatous polyp, 11 leiomyomas) and 23 malign
      neoplasms (20 carcinomas, 3 sarcomas). In addition a circumscribed hyperplasia of
      the gastric mucosa is reported. The average age of the dogs with carcinomas is
      8.9 years. The tumours were most frequently located in the pyloric region and
      combined with ulcerations. Most of them had metastases. According to a
      classification of human gastric carcinomas, which also is applied to animals, 18
      tumours are of the "diffuse type", two of the "intestinal type". The described
      cases are compared with corresponding data of the literature. The pathogenesis
      and the etiology of gastric carcinomas are discussed.

PMID- 3839325
TI  - [Reduced-dose adjuvant CMF-chemotherapy combined with postoperative irradiation
      in breast cancer with lymphatic metastases. A prospective study of 45 patients].
AB  - From 1978 to 1982, 45 postoperative cases of breast cancer with lymphatic spread
      received radiation to the chestwall and axillary, supra- and infraclavicular
      lymph nodes up to 40 Gy. In addition, we gave 600 mg cyclophosphamide, 50 mg
      methotrexate and 750 mg 5-fluorouracil intravenously on day 1 of altogether nine
      21-day cycles. The median follow-up is 37 months, and we calculate a 5-year over
      all actuarial survival-rate which was 83% in the premenopausal and 77% in the
      postmenopausal patients. The disease-free 5-year survival-rate was 74% for the
      premenopausal and 61% for the postmenopausal women. There were twice as many
      patients with stage N2 in the postmenopausal group. No severe side-effects were
      observed. These promising preliminary results and the good tolerance of the above
      mentioned combined therapy recommend it for future randomized studies.

PMID- 3839326
TI  - Applications of the pulsed Nd-YAG laser in the vitreous.

PMID- 3839327
TI  - Neodynium-YAG laser vitreomembranectomy (a noninvasive technique).

PMID- 3839328
TI  - Surgery and sensorineural hearing loss.

PMID- 3839329
TI  - [Social tolerance of gay behavior in today's society].

PMID- 3839330
TI  - Neodymium:YAG laser irradiation of urinary bladder tumors. Follow-up study of 100
      consecutively treated patients.
AB  - Advanced laser beam technology has made endoscopic destruction of urinary bladder
      tumors possible. The neodymium: YAG laser is more suited for this purpose than
      the other available laser systems because of the higher penetration power into
      biological tissue. Small superficial tumors are particularly suitable for this
      treatment, but it is also possible to deal with muscle invasive tumors. The
      treatment procedure is simple and well tolerated by the patients. Recurrence of
      tumor in the irradiated area can be avoided by precise irradiation. In spite of
      being a no-touch technique, however, laser does not appear to prevent the
      occurrence of new tumors in nonirradiated areas.

PMID- 3839331
TI  - [Use of plasmapheresis for the preoperative preparation of toxic goiter
      patients].
AB  - The preoperative preparation by plasmapheresis was used in 106 patients with
      toxic goiter. The authors make a conclusion that plasmapheresis is an efficient
      method in the preoperative care of patients with thyrotoxicosis allowing to
      shorten this period.

PMID- 3839332
TI  - The ophthalmopathy of Graves' disease.

PMID- 3839333
TI  - Anorectal and enteric infections in homosexual men.
AB  - Homosexual men are at increased risk for traditional sexually transmitted
      anorectal infections (gonorrhea, syphilis, venereal warts, herpes and chlamydial
      infection) and enteric infections characterized by a low infecting inoculum
      (hepatitis A and B, amebiasis, giardiasis, shigellosis and campylobacteriosis).
      Infections account for most of the gastrointestinal symptoms in homosexual men
      seen at sexually transmitted disease clinics, but asymptomatic and polymicrobial
      infections are also common. Distinguishing three syndromes-proctitis,
      proctocolitis and enteritis-is clinically useful because these syndromes
      correlate with specific microorganisms and modes of transmission. A careful
      anoscopic examination, rectal Gram's stain, cultures for gonorrhea and chlamydia,
      VDRL and darkfield examination of suspicious lesions should be routinely done
      when sexually active homosexual men present with unexplained gastrointestinal
      symptoms. Based on the history, physical examination and initial laboratory
      studies, patients can usually be classified as having proctitis, proctocolitis or
      enteritis. This distinction facilitates selection of both confirmatory diagnostic
      tests and antimicrobial therapy. The effectiveness of empiric treatment regimens
      for asymptomatic sexual contacts or for symptomatic patients in whom
      microbiological tests are pending has not been studied.

PMID- 3839334
TI  - [Malignant lymphoma with primary bladder localization].
AB  - The malignant lymphoma with primary localisation in the urinary bladder rarely
      occurs in the clinic. The therapy essentially depends on the position and the
      extension of the tumour. Despite their malignity these tumours seem, however, to
      have a relatively good prognosis.

PMID- 3839335
TI  - [Prevention of sterility].
AB  - An overview is given about possibly preventable causes of infertility. The best
      chances for prevention are in tubal sterility and ectopic pregnancy. Methods of
      "primary prevention" are reduction of STD by health education and epidemiologic
      actions, by reduction and improvement of intrauterine operations in young women.
      The most important methods in "secondary prevention" are early and optimal
      treatment of PID and organ preservation in ectopic pregnancy. The difficulties in
      prophylaxis of endocrine infertility are discussed. For prevention of male
      infertility some procedures are necessary: Prevention resp. optimal treatment of
      genital infections, early treatment of development disorders and varicocele and
      elimination of chemical and physical noxes on male fertility.

PMID- 3839336
TI  - [Management of mycotic aneurysms. Apropos of 3 cases].
AB  - The diagnosis of mycotic aneurysms remains rather difficult. When a mycotic
      aneurysm is found, two therapeutic measures should be taken without delay: on the
      one hand an antibiotherapy which is started preoperatively and continued at least
      six weeks postoperatively, and on the other hand a surgical intervention. In this
      review, the authors present three types of operations: ligation and excision of
      the aneurysmal mass, restoration of the arterial tree with a venous graft or
      extra-anatomical bypass with prosthetic material.

PMID- 3839337
TI  - [Incidence of meniscal lesions in persons working underground in comparison with
      the rest of the population].

PMID- 3839338
TI  - High muscle lipoprotein lipase activity in thyrotoxic patients.
AB  - Serum lipoprotein metabolism was studied in 7 women before and after treatment
      for thyrotoxicosis. Of the lipoprotein lipids, the triglyceride concentration in
      the low density lipoproteins (LDL) (P less than 0.01) and the cholesterol
      concentration in both LDL (P less than 0.01) and the high density lipoproteins
      (HDL) (P less than 0.05) increased significantly during treatment. These changes
      were accompanied by increases in apolipoprotein B (P less than 0.01) and A-I (P
      less than 0.05) concentrations in serum. Muscle lipoprotein lipase activity
      (LPLA) was increased in the thyrotoxic state by 46% (P less than 0.05) compared
      with the value after the patients had been rendered euthyroid, but adipose tissue
      LPLA was only 8% higher (ns) in the former state. The capacity for removal of
      exogenous fat, as determined by the fractional elimination rate (K2) at an iv fat
      tolerance test, was 23% higher in the thyrotoxic than in the euthyroid state
      (ns). It is suggested that the increase in muscle LPLA in the thyrotoxic state
      may be due to enhanced sensitivity to catecholamines. This may contribute to the
      increased capacity for plasma triglyceride turnover in thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 3839339
TI  - Influence of sexually transmitted diseases on sterility and ectopic pregnancy.
AB  - Infective diseases are the most common cause of functional damage to the
      fallopian tubes with subsequent infertility, subfertility or ectopic pregnancy.
      In this paper the Author presents the results of a prospective long-term follow
      up on the reproductive events in a group of patients with acute salpingitis after
      sexually transmitted diseases.

PMID- 3839340
TI  - Ciramadol. The therapeutic dose range during balanced anesthesia.
AB  - In this study we attempted to determine whether ciramadol, a mixed opioid agonist
      antagonist, would provide a satisfactory analgesic supplementation to an
      anesthetic technique for major surgery. Fourteen surgical patients received a
      balanced anesthesia technique with nitrous oxide, oxygen and muscle relaxants
      following thiopental induction. Incremental doses of ciramadol were administered
      as indicated by the somatic, hemodynamic or other sympathetic responses to
      anesthetic and surgical stimulations. The mean requirements of ciramadol during
      surgery were inferred from each patient's time-dose curve. The mean loading dose
      of ciramadol needed was 2.5 +/- 0.4 mg/kg and for maintenance of the analgesic
      effects, ciramadol had to be administered at a rate of 0.41 +/- 0.09 mg/kg.h. The
      important transformation rate (50.4%/h) was suggestive of an analgetic ceiling
      effect. Despite the very large amounts of ciramadol given, the hemodynamic
      responses to noxious stimuli were not fully suppressed with hypertensive episodes
      occurring during surgery. Recovery of spontaneous ventilation appeared promptly
      after completion of surgery and no evidence of respiratory depression was seen.
      Minute ventilation, respiratory rate and arterial PaCO2 remained within normal
      limits up to two hours after the end of anesthesia. No incidence of adverse
      psychotomimetic effects was observed.

PMID- 3839341
TI  - Pes anserinus transfer for the unstable knee. A 7-year follow-up of 43 cases of
      ruptured anterior cruciate ligament.
AB  - On average 7 years postoperatively, we evaluated 43 consecutive patients who had
      had pesoplasty for chronic injury of the anterior cruciate ligament. Fourteen
      patients had undergone further surgery during the follow-up period; ten of these
      had extra- or intra-articular stabilizing procedures, and eight meniscectomies
      were performed after the index operation. At follow-up of the 33 knees that had
      not had additional stabilizing surgery, only one-third of the knees had normal
      radiograms, and the majority had anterolateral rotational instability (pivot
      shift) which, however, did not exclude satisfactory knee function. We conclude
      that improvement after transfer of the pes anserinus tendons was due to the
      simultaneous meniscectomy; we do not believe that the pesoplasty changed the
      natural course of the chronic rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament.

PMID- 3839342
TI  - Meniscus repair in knee ligament injuries.
AB  - One hundred and fifteen primarily operated patients with medial collateral
      ligament tears of the knee have been reviewed. Two-thirds of the patients had
      associated cruciate ligament injuries. In 59 knees, injuries of the medial
      meniscus were found. Suture of the medial meniscus was performed in 53 patients,
      while medial meniscectomy was done in only six cases. Knee function was evaluated
      by follow-up after 4 (2-8) years. Excellent or good results as evaluated by the
      Lysholm knee score were obtained in 86 per cent of the patients, with equally
      good results in those with meniscus suture as compared to those without meniscus
      injury. No secondary meniscectomies were performed.

PMID- 3839343
TI  - Middle ear implant for humans.
AB  - In humans, a partially implantable middle ear implant (MEI) will first be
      applied, followed by a wholly implantable MEI, since with the former only an
      induction coil and a vibrator (to the stapes' head) are used. One of the various
      advantages of the partially implantable MEI vis-a-vis air conduction hearing aids
      is that the tone quality is of much higher fidelity, with less noise.

PMID- 3839344
TI  - Stimulation of lung maturity: investigation of ambroxol in various animal models.
AB  - The surfactant or phospholipid lining of the alveolar surface is essential for
      lung function and airway stability. In premature neonates, the idiopathic
      respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) is usually due to a prenatal deficiency in
      pulmonary surfactant. Experimental and clinical investigations with
      corticosteroids and other drugs were conducted to study various aspects of lung
      maturation. The present study of Ambroxol, a new compound with surfactant
      stimulating properties, was carried out on adult and foetal animals. In adult
      experimental animals an increase in the activity of Type II pneumocytes was shown
      by measuring various biochemical parameters. In models of premature animals
      comparable to clinical IRDS conditions, the antenatal treatment of foetal lambs
      and rabbits with Ambroxol enhanced lung maturation.

PMID- 3839345
TI  - Epidemiologic programs for computers and calculators. Use of Poisson regression
      models in estimating incidence rates and ratios.
AB  - Summarizing relative risk estimates across strata of a covariate is commonly done
      in comparative epidemiologic studies of incidence or mortality. Conventional
      Mantel-Haenszel and rate standardization techniques used for this purpose are
      strictly suitable only when there is no interaction between relative risk and the
      covariate, and tests for interaction typically are limited to examination for
      departures from linearity. Poisson regression modeling offers an alternative
      technique which can be used for summarizing relative risk and for evaluating
      complex interactions with covariates. A more general application of Poisson
      regression is its utility in modeling disease rates according to postulated
      etiologic mechanisms of exposures or according to disease expression
      characteristics in the population. The applications of Poisson regression
      analysis to problems of summarizing relative risk and disease rate modeling are
      illustrated with examples of cancer incidence and mortality data, including an
      example of a nonlinear model predicted by the multistage theory of
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3839346
TI  - Computer-assisted composition and reproduction of ophthalmic documentation.
AB  - We use computer software graphics (MacPaint) to create individualized drawings
      that can be reproduced as high-resolution printouts, kept in disk storage, or
      transmitted via telephone lines.

PMID- 3839347
TI  - Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on phospholipid composition of rat renal brush
      border membrane.
AB  - To analyze the effects of vitamin D on renal tubular cell membrane phospholipid
      metabolism, the effects of vitamin D depletion and repletion on renal brush
      border membrane (BBM) phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC),
      and phosphatidylinositol (PI) were studied. The PC content of BBM from kidneys of
      rats deprived of vitamin D for 5-6 wk was 33.5 +/- 2.2 nmol Pi/mg protein. This
      was significantly lower than the PC content of BBM from kidneys of rats
      supplemented with vitamin D2 for 2 wk, 41.0 +/- 0.4 nmol Pi/mg protein. Vitamin D
      depletion also decreased the content of BBM PE. The fatty acid composition of BBM
      PC was altered by vitamin D depletion. Vitamin D depletion increased palmitic
      acid and decreased stearic, linoleic, and arachidonic acid. Vitamin D repletion
      with a single physiological dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 (30 pmol), 16 h prior to study
      tended to increase membrane content of PC and significantly increased the
      linoleic acid content of the PC fraction. Single-dose vitamin D repletion with a
      pharmacological dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 (2.4 nmol) produced a significant increase in
      BBM content of PC and also significantly increased the linoleic acid content of
      PC. These results demonstrate that vitamin D deficiency affects PC and PE content
      of rat renal BBM and their fatty acid composition, and that vitamin D repletion
      with 1,25(OH)2D3 for 16 h partially normalizes the changes in PC.

PMID- 3839349
TI  - Atracurium and bradycardia.

PMID- 3839348
TI  - A re-examination of late outward plateau currents of cardiac Purkinje fibers.
AB  - Two outward currents, IX1 and IX2, are thought to be activated by depolarization
      of the Purkinje fiber. One of these, IX1, is presently believed to play a
      critical role in repolarization of the action potential. The IX currents were
      originally analyzed in voltage-clamp experiments in sheep Purkinje fibers. These
      experiments were designed to minimize interference by other currents, and it was
      assumed that changes of the net current were produced entirely by the IX
      currents. We have tried to repeat the original experiments and the analysis that
      led to acceptance of the existence and roles of the IX currents, without success.
      Moreover, tests of how membrane current should behave if the IX current
      hypothesis is correct did not give satisfactory results. Our data suggest the
      original conclusions about IX1 and IX2 may need substantial revision.

PMID- 3839350
TI  - Fibre types of M. pectineus of the dog (Canis familiaris).
AB  - As revealed by the NADH-diaphorase, M. pectineus of the dog possesses at least
      three main kind of fibres: 45.99% of small and slow contracting-red fibres,
      presenting an intense reaction, specially in the subsarcolemmal region; 45.55% of
      large and fast contracting-white fibres, presenting a less intense reaction. The
      remainder 8.46% fibres possess intermediate characteristics. These findings
      suggest that the movements of slow and fast contraction of M. pectineus are
      somewhat equilibrated.

PMID- 3839351
TI  - Atracurium-receptor kinetics: simple behavior from a mixture.
AB  - The apparent atracurium-receptor dissociation constant was assayed at the end
      plate region of isolated guinea pig muscles. In a parallel series of experiments,
      the ED50 for producing neuromuscular block in the lumbrical muscle was also
      determined. The ratio of these two values was similar to the ratio found with
      classical competitive neuromuscular blocking agents like d-tubocurarine or
      pancuronium. We conclude that the commercial preparation of atracurium, though a
      mixture containing isomers of different configurations, behaves kinetically in a
      manner indistinguishable from what would be expected from a single substance.

PMID- 3839352
TI  - Arrest of metastatic cells: agents promoting and inhibiting instant non-specific
      adhesion by fibronectin.
AB  - A standard mechanical test was used to quantify instant non-specific adhesion
      provided in vitro by fibronectin and to demonstrate how this adhesive found on
      circulating tumour cells can be decreased in potency by 65% when the adherents
      are coated with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC). By comparison, the
      binding force is increased 97% by addition of sialic acid found on the more
      potent metastatic cells. The very tacky adhesive resulting from this mixture now
      fails to be inhibited by DPPC but not by phosphatidylethanolamine found in blood
      (1). These factors could determine whether a metastatic cell will arrest upon
      initial contact with a potential host tissue.

PMID- 3839353
TI  - Surgical-adjuvant chemotherapy with AMSA in Lewis lung carcinoma bearing mice.
AB  - The effect of 4'-(9-Acridinylamino) methanesulfon-m-anisidide (AMSA) in
      combination with surgery was studied on Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice. The
      surgical removal of the primary tumor was performed at a late stage of growth and
      the drug was administered i.p. according to different schedules. Results of the
      present study indicate that the AMSA-surgery combination displays a modest effect
      against the Lewis lung carcinoma, slightly improved when chemotherapy is given
      before tumor removal, and that double courses of AMSA, given both before and
      after surgery, prove to be equally effective as a single preoperative
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3839354
TI  - [Dehydration of aklavinone, PMR spectra of aklavinone and its dehydration
      products].
AB  - The PMR 1H spectra of aklavinone, monoanhydroaklavinone and bisanhydroaklavinone
      were completely assigned with the use of the double resonance technique and the
      method of resolution enhancement (multiplication of the free induction decay by
      the Gauss function). It was shown that under mild conditions in the presence of
      hydrazine, aklavinone dehydrated at the C9-C10 bond and transformed into
      monoanhydroaklavinone. Under less mild conditions when akalavinone was heated at
      250 degrees C, dehydration proceeded at the C9-C10 and C7-C8 bonds to form
      bisanhydroaklavinone.

PMID- 3839355
TI  - Identification and partial characterization of the xanthine oxidase transitions
      of the milk fat globule membrane.
AB  - Differential scanning calorimetry of bovine milk fat globule membranes (MFGM)
      yields five to eight transitions, depending on the conditions employed during
      isolation and assay of the membranes. Transitions A, B, and C were shown in a
      previous publication to derive from lipid melting, while transition D was found
      to stem from the unfolding of a structural protein termed butyrophilin [K. C.
      Appell, T. W. Kennan, and P. S. Low (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 690, 243-250].
      In this report we present evidence that the E1, E2, and F endotherms derive from
      the major MFGM protein, xanthine oxidase. Support for this contention derives
      from (i) thermal gel analysis; (ii) thermal inactivation analysis; (iii)
      comparison of the calorimetric properties of endotherms I, II, and III of
      purified xanthine oxidase with transitions E1, E2, and F of MFGM; (iv) comparison
      of the properties of a peculiar exotherm in scans of both the purified enzyme and
      MFGM; and (v) examination of the effects of specific ligands, reducing agents,
      and pH on both the xanthine oxidase and MFGM transition. The existence of three
      independent endotherms (I, II, and III) in purified xanthine oxidase demonstrates
      that the enzyme is composed of multiple independent domains. The interconversion
      of transitions I (E1) and II (E2) with a change in the redox conditions of the
      medium implies that these two transitions may be manifestations of the
      interconvertible dehydrogenase and oxidase forms of the enzyme, respectively. The
      relative independence of the I/II transitions from transition III further shows
      that only slight interaction between the major domains of xanthine oxidase
      exists.

PMID- 3839356
TI  - Malignant Mediterranean spotted fever. Report of a case with multiple organ
      failure, hypocalcemia, and euthyroid sick syndrome.
AB  - A patient with Mediterranean spotted fever presented an initial history of
      enteritis, pyrexia, and rash. He subsequently developed shock, multiple organ
      failure, thrombocytopenia, hypocalcemia with hypercalcitoninemia, and a euthyroid
      sick syndrome.

PMID- 3839357
TI  - Surgical pathology computerization.

PMID- 3839358
TI  - Gallstone souvenirs.

PMID- 3839360
TI  - Historical perspectives in pathology and laboratory medicine.

PMID- 3839359
TI  - Antibiotic susceptibility testing accuracy. Review of the College of American
      Pathologists Microbiology Survey, 1972-1983.
AB  - The antibiotic susceptibility testing results for the College of American
      Pathologists' Microbiology Surveys subscribers for 1981 to 1983 were compared for
      accuracy and problem areas with earlier data dating back to 1972. Disk diffusion
      (Kirby-Bauer) test accuracy was 96.3%, 96.4%, and 95.0% for the Bacteriology,
      Comprehensive, and Basic Surveys participants, respectively. The overall dilution
      test and automated system (Autobac I) accuracy was 95.8% and 93.8%, respectively.
      More laboratories (more than 40% of bacteriology and comprehensive laboratories)
      were using dilution minimum inhibitory concentration tests, usually frozen-form
      commercial systems. The current test accuracy was comparable with data for
      previous years, but the Basic Survey subscribers have demonstrated improvement
      since mid-1981. Several testing problems were identified, principally in the
      interpretive criteria available in national consensus publications such as the
      National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M2-A3. Many of these
      problems have recently been resolved through the cooperation of the National
      Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards' subcommittees and the College of
      American Pathologists' surveys.

PMID- 3839361
TI  - Are red blood cell indexes international?
AB  - Averages of patient red blood cell indexes have substantial application in
      hematology quality control. Little is known about the presence or the extent of
      geographic differences in these mean index values. If the average population
      indexes were found to be regionally and internationally similar, then starting
      quality control programs would be greatly simplified. Uniform indexes would also
      prove highly useful as independent monitors of national and international quality
      control trials. We analyzed the indexes of the patient populations attending
      university hospitals in Wales, California, and Japan by techniques that were
      independent of analyzer calibration. No significant differences were found in the
      mean red blood cell indexes of these three patient populations. The mean red
      blood cell volume, mean red blood cell hemoglobin, and mean red blood cell
      hemoglobin concentration rounded to the nearest 0.5 were, respectively, 89.5 fL,
      30.5 pg, and 34.0 dL.

PMID- 3839362
TI  - Distribution of chromogranin and S100 protein in normal and abnormal adrenal
      medullary tissues.
AB  - The distribution of chromogranin and S100 protein was studied in 30 adrenal
      pheochromocytomas and 19 normal adrenal medullary tissues. Immunostaining in the
      tumors was compared with staining in sections of histologically normal medullae.
      Chromogranin showed diffuse cytoplasmic staining in all chromaffin cells.
      Chromogranin staining was consistently more intense in normal medullae, while
      less intense staining was present in most tumors from all four groups. S100
      protein was present in the cytoplasm and nuclei of sustentacular cells
      surrounding chromaffin cells and in nerve branches. Many S100 protein-positive
      cells were present in normal medullae, in the two hyperplastic medullae, and in
      pheochromocytomas from patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2. Very
      few sustentacular cells were present in the other pheochromocytomas. These
      results indicate that S100 staining may be helpful in separating
      pheochromocytomas in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2 disease
      from benign and malignant sporadic tumors.

PMID- 3839363
TI  - Neuropathology of oral-facial-digital syndromes.
AB  - A 3-month-old female infant with oral-facial-digital syndrome (OFD-I) was found
      to have extensive malformations of the brain and spinal cord. Our review of other
      case reports indicated that the most common central nervous system malformations
      found in OFD-I include cerebral epithelial (ependymal) cysts, agenesis of the
      corpus callosum, cerebral micropolygyria, and hypoplasia or dysplasia of the
      cerebellum, pons, and medulla. It is suggested that the individuals with OFD-I
      syndrome should be carefully studied clinically and pathologically for complex
      nervous system anomalies.

PMID- 3839364
TI  - Age and fibroplasia as preconditions for atheronecrosis in the human thoracic
      aorta.
AB  - The atheronecrotic core of an aortic plaque is an easily recognized structural
      feature when present in histologic sections. This feature tends to be associated
      with other characteristics of the aorta, chief among these being old age, marked
      intimal fibroplasia, and diminished numbers of intimal smooth-muscle cells. The
      statistical relationships among these aortic characteristics were examined in a
      series of 356 autopsies. Intimal fibroplasia tended to be directly proportional
      to age. The density of smooth-muscle cells tended to be inversely proportional to
      intimal fibroplasia. The total cellularity of the intima was almost constant
      without regard to age or intimal thickness. The probability of finding
      atheronecrosis in a randomly chosen sample from the lateral thoracic aorta was
      directly proportional to age and to intimal thickness after appropriate
      mathematical transformations. Against this background of what is usual, two
      atypical kinds of lesion were identified.

PMID- 3839365
TI  - Testis, epididymis, and spermatic cord in elderly men. Correlation of
      angiographic and histologic studies with systemic arteriosclerosis.
AB  - Autopsy specimens of the testes, epididymides, and spermatic cords from 20 adult
      young and 60 elderly men were studied by angiographic and histologic techniques.
      Testicular alterations in elderly men were correlated to the degree of aortic
      atheromatosis. Elderly men without manifest atheromatosis showed no lesions.
      Elderly men with slight atheromatosis showed a spiculated outline of the
      testicular artery and intraparenchymatous zones with scarce filling of small
      arteries. These zones exhibited peritubular and interstitial fibrosis. Elderly
      men with severe atheromatosis showed large zones of the testicular parenchyma
      with scarce filling of centrifugal and centripetal arteries that exhibited
      fibrosis of the tunica intima and lumen reduction; the testicular parenchyma
      appeared fibrosed with sclerosed tubules. Epididymal lesions were parallel to
      testicular lesions. These results suggest that systemic arteriosclerosis is
      involved in the decline of testicular function with age.

PMID- 3839366
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid centrifuge analysis in primary amebic meningoencephalitis due
      to Naegleria fowleri.
AB  - We describe a case of primary amebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria
      fowleri. This is the first reported case, to our knowledge, in Missouri. Emphasis
      is placed on the morphologic identification of degenerating amebas in a cytospin
      preparation of cerebrospinal fluid using Wright's stain during the rapidly
      progressive meningoencephalitic stage.

PMID- 3839367
TI  - Malignant endovascular papillary angioendothelioma. Cutaneous borderline tumor.
AB  - Malignant endovascular papillary angioendothelioma, a rare but distinctive
      vascular tumor of childhood, was first described in 1969. It was termed malignant
      because of its mitotic activity, areas of necrosis, and demonstrated ability to
      metastasize to regional lymph nodes. Despite these features it had a uniformly
      good prognosis. We report an example of this lesion in a 6-year-old boy that does
      not show malignant histologic features. Based on its good long-term prognosis and
      variable histologic features, this lesion is better classified as a borderline
      vascular tumor.

PMID- 3839368
TI  - Unique finding of prostatic tissue in a benign cystic ovarian teratoma.
AB  - Benign cystic ovarian teratomas are neoplasms with a 46,XX karyotype originating
      from a single abnormal ovarian germ cell after the first meiotic division. Since
      these tumors lack the Y chromosome (required for production of the H-Y antigen
      that is presumably obligatory for embryonic male sexual differentiation),
      identifiable male sex organ structures should not be found in the tumor. We
      report a case in which prostatic tissue was identified in a benign cystic ovarian
      teratoma.

PMID- 3839370
TI  - Autofluorescence of eosinophilic globules in Kaposi's sarcoma.

PMID- 3839369
TI  - Infectious mononucleosis. Appendiceal lymphoid tissue involvement parallels
      characteristic lymph node changes.
AB  - Appendectomy with mesenteric lymph node biopsy was performed in an 18-year-old
      man because of acute abdominal pain that was subsequently attributed to
      infectious mononucleosis. The appendix demonstrated intense hyperplasia of the
      lymphoid tissue with marked expansion of the interfollicular lamina propria by a
      mixed diffuse proliferation of immunoblasts including Reed-Sternberg-like forms,
      together with large and small lymphoid cells. Germinal centers were reactive but
      inconspicuous. This pattern was distinguishable from malignant lymphoma and, like
      the characteristic lymph node changes, may be strongly predictive of infectious
      mononucleosis. Involvement of gut-associated lymphoid tissue may contribute
      importantly to abdominal symptomatology in this infection.

PMID- 3839371
TI  - Tissue reaction in bartonellosis may suggest Kaposi's sarcoma.

PMID- 3839372
TI  - Congenital polycystic tumor of the atrioventricular node.

PMID- 3839373
TI  - Papillary cystic tumor of the pancreas.

PMID- 3839374
TI  - All laboratory tests are not created equal.

PMID- 3839375
TI  - Pasteurella multocida in an infected tiger bite.
AB  - We report an unusual case of Pasteurella multocida wound infection caused by a
      tiger bite. We investigated the normal fang flora of large zoo cats and found P
      multocida in cultures from seven tigers, three of four leopards, and one lynx.
      Sucrose fermentation was found to be highly media dependent and unpredictable.
      The literature relative to P multocida in bite-wound infections is reviewed with
      special reference to bites by animals other than cats and dogs. With the addition
      of the present case, the animals involved have been two rats, two opossums, two
      lions, one horse, one rabbit, one boar, one panther, and one tiger.

PMID- 3839376
TI  - Behcet's syndrome. Immunopathologic and histopathologic assessment of pathergy
      lesions is useful in diagnosis and follow-up.
AB  - Behcet's syndrome is a complex multisystem disease that, due to the absence of a
      pathognomonic laboratory test, must be diagnosed using clinical criteria.
      Clinical pathergy testing, the induction of a sterile pustule 24 hours after
      cutaneous trauma, has been proposed as a useful adjunct to diagnosis. We have
      expanded this concept by showing the usefulness of examining pathergy lesions by
      routine and immunofluorescence microscopy in the diagnosis of nine patients with
      Behcet's syndrome. Furthermore, histopathologic pathergy assessments correlated
      with clinical disease activity and/or response to experimental oral thalidomide
      therapy in five of six patients with Behcet's syndrome who were retested.

PMID- 3839377
TI  - Carcinoma of the parotid gland with osteoclastlike giant cells.
      Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations.
AB  - We describe an unusual type of carcinoma of the parotid gland in a 67-year-old
      man. Because of rapid tumor growth, radical parotidectomy was done. Light
      microscopic study of the tumor revealed focal gland formation with transition to
      anaplastic carcinoma. Among the undifferentiated mononuclear cells and bizarre
      large cells were scattered many osteoclastlike multinucleated giant cells.
      Immunohistochemical studies on paraffin sections revealed positive staining for
      epithelial membrane antigen in the epithelial component; however, the
      multinucleated giant cells were clearly negative for this antigen. Reactions for
      other cell constituents (carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha-1
      antichymotrypsin, Leu-M1, Leu-M3, lysozyme, and factor VIII-related antigen) were
      negative in both epithelial and giant cell components of the tumor. Electron
      microscopy revealed poorly formed cell junctions and numerous microvilli on the
      surface of the mononuclear tumor cells and multinucleated giant cells, features
      considered not of diagnostic significance. Similar to carcinomas with
      osteoclastlike multinucleated giant cells in other organs, this parotid gland
      tumor has shown clinical and morphologic evidence of aggressive growth; pulmonary
      metastases developed and the patient died 28 months after radical surgery.

PMID- 3839378
TI  - Uterine leiomyosarcoma with myxoid stroma.
AB  - Myxoid leiomyosarcomas present a diagnostic problem. They are said to have low
      mitotic counts and are considered to be exceptions to the general rule that
      uterine smooth-muscle tumors with a mitotic rate of less than five per ten high
      power fields rarely recur. We present two cases of myxoid leiomyosarcoma, both of
      which show high mitotic counts. In addition, one of the cases presented initially
      as a typical leiomyosarcoma, but contained abundant myxoid stroma in the
      metastases. The role of the myxoid stroma in influencing prognosis in
      leiomyosarcomas is, as yet, uncertain.

PMID- 3839379
TI  - Phlegmonous gastritis associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/pre
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Unusual infections in the immunocompromised host often present a diagnostic
      dilemma to the physician. We describe a 29-year-old Haitian man with acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome/pre-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who died of
      phlegmonous gastritis.

PMID- 3839380
TI  - Fibrosing peritonitis in a drug abuser.
AB  - We report a case of fatal fibrosing peritonitis in a 28-year-old drug abuser. The
      extensive fibrosis, which was limited to the abdominal cavity, contained
      birefringent material. Silica was identified by spectrophotometric analysis.
      Silica is a component of talc (magnesium silicate) used as a drug filler.
      Relatively small amounts are known to induce fibrosis. The manner of introduction
      of this material into the peritoneal cavity is hypothetical and includes
      accidental direct peritoneal contamination during subcutaneous injections, a
      method used by drug abusers.

PMID- 3839381
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis with bloody and cholesterol pleural effusion.
AB  - We describe a case of rheumatoid arthritis complicated by unilateral adhesive
      pleurisy and associated with bloody and cholesterol effusion in a 47-year-old
      man. Our case emphasizes that the diagnostician needs to consider rheumatoid
      disease in a differential diagnosis of bloody pleural effusion in patients with
      associated joint disease. Adequate histologic confirmation of the underlying
      pathology is required for definite diagnosis.

PMID- 3839382
TI  - Encephalitis associated with Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
AB  - We present a fatal case of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Despite the presence of
      clinical and laboratory evidence suggesting widespread vasculitis, pathologic
      lesions were found only in the central nervous system.

PMID- 3839383
TI  - Lymphangioma presenting as a nasal polyp in an infant.
AB  - We describe a pedunculated lymphangioma presenting as an isolated nasal polyp in
      an 11-month-old male infant with light and electron microscopic findings. This
      lesion occurring in an infant must be distinguished from more common benign and
      malignant intranasal masses.

PMID- 3839384
TI  - Abnormal hematologic features in a live-born female infant with triploidy.
AB  - Complete trisomy is a fatal chromosomal anomaly commonly associated with multiple
      phenotypic abnormalities. The associated hematologic abnormalities that occur
      with this disorder are not as well known, however. We present a case of a live
      born female infant with this anomaly and discuss in detail the hematologic
      features of the peripheral blood. Abnormal physical features of the infant and
      the placenta are also discussed.

PMID- 3839385
TI  - Double heterozygosity for hemoglobins C and Lepore in an American black man.
AB  - We describe a patient doubly heterozygous for hemoglobin (Hb) C-Hb Lepore. To our
      knowledge, this is only the second case reported in the United States. The
      erythrocyte morphology and clinical findings were suggestive of Hb C-beta
      thalassemia. Following Hb electrophoresis, the correct diagnosis was postulated
      and was subsequently confirmed by a reference laboratory. We also present the
      family pedigree of Hb abnormalities. The morphologic alterations of the
      erythrocytes presented in this article, when seen in conjunction with the
      distinctive electrophoretic pattern, should suggest the abnormality in
      undiagnosed cases.

PMID- 3839386
TI  - Non-clear-cell adenocarcinoma arising in vaginal adenosis.
AB  - We report a case of adenocarcinoma of the vagina occurring in a woman without
      exposure to diethylstilbestrol. The adenocarcinoma arises in benign adenosis and
      lacks a clear-cell component. Both the adenosis and adenocarcinoma appear to be
      of mullerian origin.

PMID- 3839387
TI  - Coelomic fat ectopia in the liver.
AB  - We describe a pedunculated, mesothelial-covered liver mass contained in a
      mesothelial-lined sac. Microscopically, the mass was composed of mature adipose
      tissue that contained thick-walled arteries and large veins, fibrous tissue, and
      numerous bundles of smooth muscle. The lesion was thought to represent ectopic
      coelomic mesenchyme originally destined to form omentum or mesentery. The
      existence of this entity suggested that previously reported cases of hepatic
      adipose tissue masses (lipomas) might also have derived from ectopic coelomic
      mesenchyme. Along with the mesenchymal lesion in the liver, an unclassifiable
      mesenchymal tumor was present in the cerebellum. Whether the coexistence of the
      two mesenchymal tissue masses was fortuitous, or related, could not be determined
      from this solitary case.

PMID- 3839388
TI  - [Morphologic basis for cochlear implantation in the cat].
AB  - The cat cochlear structure has been studied in 20 temporal bones. Owing to the
      preparations of the osseous cochleae investigated, certain anatomical parameters
      have been revealed; a detailed anatomo-topographic analysis on relations of the
      cochlear coils with the cochlear fenestra, the vestibular fenestra is presented.
      This gives a spatial notion on arrangement of the internal cochlear structures.
      The data obtained makes it possible to choose a precise place for electrode
      introduction and direction for their course along the coils. In its turn, this
      prevents trauma of the functional elements of the cochlea and, thus, contributes
      to stimulation effect.

PMID- 3839389
TI  - Retinopathy of prematurity.

PMID- 3839390
TI  - Prevention of intraocular pressure elevation following neodymium-YAG laser
      posterior capsulotomy.
AB  - Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients were treated with 0.5% timolol, 2% pilocarpine, or
      normal saline five and 30 minutes following neodymium-YAG laser posterior
      capsulotomy in a randomized, double-masked study. Mean maximum intraocular
      pressure (IOP) elevation was 8 +/- 2 mm Hg following treatment with normal
      saline, 5 +/- 3 mm Hg following treatment with 2% pilocarpine, and 1 +/- 2 mm Hg
      following treatment with 0.5% timolol. Fewer patients treated with 0.5% timolol
      developed an IOP elevation of 5 mm Hg or more than control patients. On aphakic
      patient treated with 0.5% timolol developed a maximum IOP greater than or equal
      to 40 mm Hg. We found that treatment with 0.5% timolol after neodymium-YAG laser
      posterior capsulotomy provides partial protection from IOP elevation.

PMID- 3839391
TI  - Lowering blood cholesterol to prevent heart disease. NIH Consensus Development
      Conference statement.

PMID- 3839392
TI  - Progress report on nationwide networking system of perinatal summary records.

PMID- 3839393
TI  - 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases plasma magnesium and calcium in sheep fed
      liquid diets low in calcium and magnesium.
AB  - Sheep given a liquid diet low in calcium and magnesium by infusion directly into
      the abomasum developed concurrent hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia, with plasma
      concentrations of calcium and magnesium decreasing to 2.0 and 0.4 mmol/l
      respectively. Treatment of these hypomagnesaemic sheep with 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin
      D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3) increased the plasma calcium, magnesium and phosphorus
      concentrations with plasma calcium increasing to 2.5 mmol/l and plasma magnesium
      to 0.6 mmol/l. Plasma magnesium increased despite a small but significant
      increase in the daily excretion of magnesium in the urine, and the amount of
      magnesium derived from either bone and/or intestine must have been greater than
      the amount lost in the urine. Since in other experiments we have demonstrated
      that plasma calcium remains within the normal range when a liquid diet adequate
      in magnesium but low in calcium is infused, these results imply that either
      synthesis of and/or end organ response to 1,25(OH2) D3 is impaired in magnesium
      deficient sheep.

PMID- 3839394
TI  - cDNA cloning of mRNAS which increase rapidly in human lymphocytes cultured with
      concanavalin-A and cycloheximide.
AB  - To induce or "superexpress" genes involved in the entry of cultured GO
      lymphocytes into the G1-phase of the cell cycle, the cells were treated for 2
      hours with a lectin (concanavalin-A) and a protein synthesis inhibitor
      (cycloheximide). A cDNA library was generated from small quantities of RNA by the
      high efficiency method of Gubler & Hoffman (1). 30,000 colonies were screened for
      differential hybridization to cDNA corresponding to treated cultures, but not to
      cDNA corresponding to control cultures. 50 recombinants were identified on this
      basis. One recombinant (#7) corresponded to mRNA (2150 base pairs) which was
      increased by cycloheximide alone, but was not increased by concanavalin A.
      Another recombinant (#19) corresponded to 2 mRNAs (980 and 1120 base pairs) one
      or both of which were increased either by concanavalin-A or by cycloheximide. It
      is speculated that the latter mRNAs are products of a locus which is activated
      when the concentration of a repressor is decreased by concanavalin-A or
      cycloheximide.

PMID- 3839395
TI  - The regulatory and catalytic subunits of rat liver cyclic AMP-dependent protein
      kinases respond differently to thyroparathyroidectomy and 1 alpha,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3.
AB  - The regulatory subunits of cytoplasmic and nuclear cyclic AMP-dependent protein
      kinases increased, while the holoenzyme activities fell in the livers of
      thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats. 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 reversed
      this TPTX-induced decline in holoenzyme activities. TPTX also prevented the
      increase in holoenzyme activities, but not the increase in the concentration of
      regulatory subunits that normally occurs in partially hepatectomized animals. An
      injection of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 into these TPTX animals, at the time
      of partial hepatectomy restored the increases in holoenzyme activities, without
      affecting the changes in regulatory subunits. Thus, the synthesis of regulatory
      and catalytic subunits can be uncoupled by TPTX and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin
      D3 appears to selectively control the activity of C subunits.

PMID- 3839396
TI  - Structure of mouse interferon-beta cDNA clones: sequence rearrangements in a
      cloned cDNA.
AB  - A fraction enriched in interferon (IFN) mRNA was prepared from mouse C243-3
      induced cells and was used for the construction of a cDNA library. Two plasmids
      were obtained after screening by differential colony hybridization and IFN mRNA
      hybridization-selection and translation. The nucleotide sequences of the cDNA
      inserts revealed that both were partial copies of IFN-beta mRNA. The cDNA 861
      corresponds to the entire 3' nontranslated region of the mRNA while the cDNA 2939
      consists of rearranged translated regions of IFN mRNA. A mechanism for the
      rearrangement events during cDNA synthesis is proposed. A chromosomal DNA
      fragment hybridizing to cDNA 2939 was identified by screening a mouse genomic
      library.

PMID- 3839397
TI  - Irreversible inhibition of adenylate cyclase by 5'-(p-bromomethylbenzoyl)
      adenosine.
AB  - The effect of 5'-(p-bromomethylbenzoyl) adenosine (pBMBA) on adenylate cyclase
      from bovine caudate nucleus membranes was studied. Adenylyl-5'
      methylenediphosphonate (but not adenosine) protected adenylate cyclase against
      inactivation by this compound. The degree of pBMBA-induced inhibition of
      adenylate cyclase increased in the presence of Mg2+. 5'-(p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)
      adenosine (pFSBA) was also a specific irreversible inhibitor of adenylate
      cyclase. It was demonstrated that the enzyme inactivated by pFSBA completely
      restored its activity under the action of dithiothreitol. The results obtained
      are indicative of the presence of the -SH group in the enzyme active site.

PMID- 3839398
TI  - Muscarinic receptors in isolated gastric fundic mucosal cells. Binding-activity
      relationships.
AB  - Muscarinic receptors are involved in the control of gastric acid secretion. The
      characteristics of (3H)-N-methyl-scopolamine [(3H)-NMS] binding to isolated cells
      from rabbit fundic gastric mucosa and inhibition of this binding by muscarinic
      agonists, antagonists and other pharmacological agents known to regulate acid
      secretion are reported. Specific binding for (3H)-NMS was described: antagonists
      interact with high affinity sites (KD = 0.5 nM) whereas binding curves for
      agonists clearly deviated from the simple mass action isotherm with a flattening
      of the curve suggesting the presence of more than one class of sites. The low
      affinity sites for agonists are in the micromolar range. Pirenzine, a
      gastroselective antimuscarinic compound, known to differentiate between M1 and M2
      sites, inhibited (3H)-NMS binding with an IC50 of 0.05 microM. On the same
      gastric cell population, muscarinic agonist carbachol stimulated (14C)
      aminopyrine accumulation in a dose-dependent manner with an ED-50 of 10 microM,
      value close to that needed to 50% inhibit (3H)-NMS binding. This stimulation was
      competitively inhibited by muscarinic antagonists and pA2-values for atropine,
      QNB and pirenzepine, calculated from linear Schild plots, were in the following
      order: 9.2 for atropine, 8.6 for QNB and 7.0 for pirenzepine. In conclusion,
      fundic gastric mucosal cells from rabbit, isolated with collagenase and EDTA,
      contained specific muscarinic receptors coupled to the acid secretory mechanism
      and pirenzepine interact with these receptors with an intermediate affinity
      suggesting the presence of functional M2-sites.

PMID- 3839399
TI  - Actions of flavonoids and the novel anti-inflammatory flavone, hypolaetin-8
      glucoside, on prostaglandin biosynthesis and inactivation.
AB  - The newly identified plant-derived flavone-glycoside hypolaetin-8-glucoside,
      which has anti-inflammatory and gastric ulcer protective properties, and its
      corresponding aglycone, hypolaetin, were tested for effects on prostaglandin
      biosynthesis and degradation. They were compared with four other flavonoids, viz.
      rutin and its corresponding aglycone, quercetin, and the aglycones
      isoscutellarein and kaempferol. Over the range 10-1000 microM the glycosides
      rutin and hypolaetin-8-glucoside stimulated prostaglandin formation by sheep
      seminal vesicle microsomes incubated with radiolabelled arachidonic acid; the
      other compounds were essentially inactive. Over 5-5000 microM rutin and
      hypolaetin-8-glucoside enhanced the release of prostacyclin (and other
      prostanoids) from fragments of rat caecum incubated in the absence of additional
      arachidonic acid; the four aglycones compounds did not stimulate prostacyclin
      release but some reduced it at 5000 microM. However, the glycosides did not
      affect the enzymatic inactivation of radiolabelled prostaglandin F2 alpha by semi
      purified bovine lung prostaglandin 15-hydroxydehydrogenase (PGDH) or in 100,000 g
      supernatants prepared from homogenised rat stomach. Three of the four aglycones
      (quercetin, kaempferol, isoscutellarein, in descending order of potency) were
      inhibitory to PGDH with ID50 values in the range 130-2100 microM. The results
      show that the capacity of flavonoids to enhance prostaglandin formation is
      associated with the presence of glycosidic substitution, whereas PGDH inhibition
      requires its absence. The relevance of this biochemical profile of hypolaetin-8
      glucoside to its anti-inflammatory gastroprotective effects in vivo is discussed.

PMID- 3839400
TI  - Effect of centhaquine on spontaneous and evoked norepinephrine release from
      isolated perfused rabbit heart.
AB  - 1-[Bis(2-quinolyl)-ethyl]-4-m-tolylpiperazine (centhaquine), a centrally acting
      hypotensive agent, was studied for its effect on spontaneous and evoked release
      of norepinephrine (NE) from the rabbit heart. Spontaneous release of NE as well
      as its release evoked by potassium chloride (81 X 10(-3) mol/l), tyramine
      hydrochloride (2.88 X 10(-5) mol/l), dimethyl phenyl piperazinium iodide (DMPP,
      3.18 X 10(-5) mol/l), acetylcholine chloride (1 X 10(-4) mol/l) and amphetamine
      sulfate (7.48 X 10(-5) mol/l) from isolated perfused rabbit heart was studied.
      Centhaquine (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 micrograms/ml) caused an initial increase followed
      by inhibition of spontaneous NE output. It also significantly inhibited the NE
      release evoked by KCl, DMPP and acetylcholine but not tyramine and amphetamine
      evoked release. It is concluded that centhaquine predominantly inhibits the
      neuronal NE release.

PMID- 3839401
TI  - Unusual manifestations of neonatal hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 3839402
TI  - An integrated database environment for clinical research support.

PMID- 3839403
TI  - The development of a gynecology data collection system.

PMID- 3839404
TI  - [Use of an antitussive drug in pulmonary pathology].

PMID- 3839405
TI  - Demodectic oviposition in the eyelid.
AB  - The normally torpid existence of demodectic mites of the eyelid changes with the
      onset of oviposition. There occurs a burst of activity characterized by flexion,
      extension and rotation.

PMID- 3839406
TI  - Histogenesis of hyperosteoidosis in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated rats fed high levels of
      dietary calcium.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to determine by sequential quantitative
      morphometry the histogenesis of metaphyseal changes induced in rats fed high
      levels of dietary calcium and treated with pharmacologic doses of 1,25(OH)2D3.
      Young adult female rats were placed on a diet containing 2.5% calcium and 0.3%
      phosphorus and administered either ethanol or 135 ng (5 units) 1,25(OH)2D3 in
      ethanol IP daily for 10 days. Rats were terminated at Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and
      10. At Day 1 the proximal tibias from rats treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 had a
      dramatic increase in osteoclasts/mm total trabecular surface perimeter compared
      with placebo-treated rats. Osteoclast numbers decreased in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated
      rats to the levels in placebo-treated rats by Days 3 and 4 and decreased
      significantly below placebo-treated levels at Days 6, 8, and 10. Active resorbing
      surface was significantly increased at Days 1 and 2 and decreased at Days 8 and
      10 in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated rats compared with placebo-treated rats. From Day 4
      through Day 10 in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated rats, there was a progressive increase in
      osteoblasts/mm total trabecular surface perimeter, osteoid surface, active
      osteoid surface, and metaphyseal osteoid. Metaphyseal osteoid increased markedly
      at Days 8 and 10 in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated rats and caused a significant increase in
      the amount of osseous tissue in the metaphysis. Metaphyseal mineralized bone,
      however, was not consistently affected by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Serum calcium
      and phosphorus were elevated in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated rats at more time periods. In
      rats fed high levels of dietary calcium, repeated supraphysiologic doses of
      1,25(OH)2D3 result in a net increase in metaphyseal osseous tissue, predominantly
      osteoid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3839407
TI  - Influence of tubocurarine, pancuronium and atracurium on bronchomotor tone.
AB  - Specific airways conductance (s.Gaw) was measured using the forced airflow
      oscillation method to study the effects of tubocurarine, pancuronium and
      atracurium. Twenty-seven patients undergoing elective surgery were randomly
      allocated to receive one of the three drugs. A statistically significant mean
      change in s.Gaw from the baseline values for each drug was apparent only after
      administration of atracurium (at 6 min) (P less than 005). Some individuals given
      atracurium or tubocurarine either showed large decreases in s.Gaw or cutaneous
      flushing, but only one patient showed both. Pharmacological release of histamine
      may be confined to individual tissues in these instances.

PMID- 3839408
TI  - Metastatic carcinoma of bronchus associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

PMID- 3839409
TI  - Immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy and the newborn.

PMID- 3839410
TI  - Retinopathy of prematurity: review of a four-year period.
AB  - For a four-year period the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was
      determined among neonates considered at risk of acquiring this condition. Fifty
      six out of 249 premature infants developed some degree of ROP. Comparison of
      these infants with a group of 56 controls, admitted to hospital in the same
      period and matched for sex, birth weight, and gestational age, showed significant
      differences for sepsis, blood transfusions, and the period of oxygen monitoring
      in relation to the period of oxygen administration. The most consistent factor
      associated with the development of ROP was gestational age at the time of birth,
      though no gestational age group was entirely devoid of ROP. This suggests that
      screening for ROP should not be restricted to high-risk premature infants only.

PMID- 3839411
TI  - Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma: improved survival with combined pulsed chemotherapy and
      irradiation.
AB  - Three cases of embryonal orbital rhabdomyosarcoma are presented in which two
      cases had intracranial extension. All three are alive and well on follow-up
      several years after completing a 12-month course of combined pulsed chemotherapy
      and irradiation. The improved prognosis even in parameningeal involvement is
      emphasised.

PMID- 3839412
TI  - Comparative study of the gel phases of ether- and ester-linked
      phosphatidylcholines.
AB  - Calorimetric, X-ray diffraction, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies
      of aqueous dispersions of 1,2-dihexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC) gel
      phases at low temperatures (-60 to 22 degrees C) show thermal, structural, and
      dynamic differences when compared to aqueous dispersions of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn
      glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) gel phases at corresponding temperatures.
      Differential scanning calorimetry of DHPC dispersions demonstrates a reversible,
      low-enthalpy "subtransition" at 4 degrees C in contrast to the conditionally
      reversible, high-enthalpy subtransition observed at 17 degrees C for annealed
      DPPC bilayers. X-ray diffraction studies indicate that DHPC dispersions form a
      lamellar gel phase with dav congruent to 46 A both above and below the
      "subtransition". It is suggested that the reduced dav observed for DHPC (46 A as
      compared to 64 A in DPPC) is due to an interdigitated lamellar gel phase which
      exists at all temperatures below the pretransition at 35 degrees C. 31P NMR
      spectra of DHPC gel-phase bilayers show an axially symmetric chemical shift
      anisotropy powder pattern which remains sharp down to -20 degrees C, suggesting
      the presence of fast axial diffusion. In contrast, 31P spectra of DPPC bilayers
      indicate this type of motion is frozen out at approximately 0 degrees C.

PMID- 3839413
TI  - Location and mobility of ubiquinones of different chain lengths in artificial
      membrane vesicles.
AB  - Ubiquinone (UQn with n = 2, 3, or 10 isoprenoid groups) was incorporated into
      small, sonicated vesicles made of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) or
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC). (1) The accessibility of oxidized UQ in
      DPPC or DMPC vesicles to the reductant sodium borohydride (NaBH4), measured by UV
      spectroscopy, was UQ2 greater than UQ3 greater than UQ10 (DPPC) and UQ2 greater
      than UQ3 approximately UQ10 (DMPC). (2) Catalysis of the reduction of entrapped
      ferricyanide by exogenous NaBH4 was more effective with UQ2 than UQ10 but was
      slower with all quinones than reduction by added dithionite. (3) The methoxy
      protons of UQ2 and UQ3 in DPPC and DMPC vesicles exhibited a single NMR resonance
      centered at approximately 3.95 ppm, whereas the methoxy groups of UQ10 gave rise
      to two separate proton resonances, at 3.93 ppm and a more narrow resonance at
      3.78 ppm. The UQ10 population characterized by the 3.78 ppm resonance was present
      at a higher concentration in DPPC than in DMPC vesicles and was relatively
      insensitive to reduction by NaBH4. (4) UQ10 perturbed the melting temperature
      (Tm) of DPPC vesicles to a smaller extent (delta Tm = -1 degrees C) than did UQ2
      and UQ3 (delta Tm = -3 to -4 degrees C). The combined UV and NMR data imply the
      following: The UQ10 pool characterized by the 3.78 ppm peak corresponds to a more
      mobile UQ10 fraction that is not reduced by NaBH4 in 2-3 min and is thought to be
      localized close to the center of the DPPC bilayer since it has little effect on
      the DPPC Tm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3839414
TI  - Ion selectivity of temperature-induced and electric field induced pores in
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles.
AB  - Temperature and electric field are known to alter the permeability of the bilayer
      membrane in phospholipid vesicles. A study of cation selectivity of these
      membrane pores is reported for multilamellar liposomes (MLV) and unilamellar
      large vesicles (ULV, 95 +/- 5 nm diameter) of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
      (DPPC). The permeability of ULV to Rb+ was 1.0 X 10(-6) micrograms/s at 22
      degrees C and increased to 1.1 X 10(-5) micrograms/s at the gel to liquid
      crystalline transition temperature (Tm) of the bilayer, at 42 degrees C. The
      permeability of ULV to Rb+ continued to increase beyond the Tm and reached 1.0 X
      10(-4) micrograms/s at 56 degrees C, a 100-fold increase over the permeability at
      22 degrees C. In contrast, the permeability of ULV to Na+ showed a local maximum
      of 6.0 X 10(-6) micrograms/s at 42 degrees C and decreased at temperatures higher
      or lower than the Tm. For MLV, the permeability to both Rb+ and Na+ peaked
      dramatically at the phase transition temperature, 42 degrees C, and subsided at
      lower and higher temperatures. When ULV were exposed to an electric field, the
      permeability to Rb+, Na+, and sucrose surged at a field strength of 30 kV/cm; 30
      kV/cm can induce a transmembrane potential of 210 mV. In ULV, the electrically
      perforated lipid bilayer exhibited selectivity for Rb+ over Na+ only at a narrow
      electric field range, between 31 and 33 kV/cm. For MLV, no well-defined breakdown
      voltage was recorded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3839415
TI  - Human serum amyloid A (SAA): biosynthesis and postsynthetic processing of preSAA
      and structural variants defined by complementary DNA.
AB  - To study structural variants of human serum amyloid A (SAA), an apoprotein of
      high-density lipoprotein, complementary DNA clones were isolated from a human
      liver library with the use of two synthetic oligonucleotide mixtures containing
      sequences that could code for residues 33-38 and 90-95 of the protein sequence.
      The SAA-specific cDNA clone (pA1) contains the nucleotide sequence coding for the
      mature SAA and 10 amino acids of the 18-residue signal peptide. It also includes
      a 70 nucleotide long 3'-untranslated region and approximately 120 bases of the
      poly(A) tail. The derived amino acid sequence of pA1 is identical with the alpha
      form of apoSAA1. A fragment of pA1 containing the conserved (residues 33-38)
      region of SAA also hybridized with RNA from human acute phase liver and acute
      phase stimulated, but not unstimulated, mouse and rabbit liver. In contrast, a
      fragment corresponding to the variable region hybridized to a much greater extent
      with human than with rabbit or murine RNA. Human acute phase liver SAA mRNA
      (approximately 600 nucleotides in length) directs synthesis of preSAA (Mr 14 000)
      in a cell-free translating system. In a Xenopus oocyte translation system preSAA
      is synthesized and processed to the mature Mr 12 000 product. The complete 18
      amino acid signal peptide sequence of preSAA was derived from sequencing cDNA
      synthesized by "primer extension" from the region of SAA mRNA corresponding to
      the amino terminus of the mature product. Two other SAA-specific cDNA clones (pA6
      and pA10) differed from pA1 in that they lack the internal PstI restriction
      enzyme site spanning residues 54-56 of pA1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3839416
TI  - Thermotropic behavior of binary mixtures of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and
      glycosphingolipids in aqueous dispersions.
AB  - The thermotropic behavior of mixtures of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)
      with natural glycosphingolipids (galactosylceramide, phrenosine, kerasine,
      glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, asialo-GM1, sulfatide, GM3, GM1, GD1a, GT1b)
      in dilute aqueous dispersions were studied by high sensitivity differential
      scanning calorimetry over the entire composition range. The pretransition of DPPC
      is abolished and the cooperativity of the main transition decreases sharply at
      mole fractions of glycosphingolipids below 0.2. All systems exhibit non-ideal
      temperature-composition phase diagrams. The mono- and di-hexosylceramides are
      easily miscible with DPPC when the proportion of glycosphingolipids in the system
      is high. A limited quantity (1-6 molecules of DPPC per molecule of
      glycosphingolipid (GSL) can be incorporated into a homogeneously mixed lipid
      phase. Domains of DPPC, immiscible with the rest of a mixed GSL-DPPC phase that
      shows no cooperative phase transition, are established as DPPC exceeds a certain
      proportion in the system. One negative charge (sulfatide) or four neutral
      carbohydrate residues (asialo-GM1) in the oligosaccharide chain of the
      glycosphingolipids results in phase diagrams exhibiting coexistence of gel and
      liquid phases over a broad temperature-composition range. Systems containing
      gangliosides show complex phase diagrams, with more than one phase transition.
      However, no evidence for phase-separated domains of pure ganglioside species is
      found. The thermotropic behavior of systems containing DPPC and
      glycosphingolipids correlates well with their interactions in mixed monolayers at
      the air/water interface.

PMID- 3839417
TI  - Molecular origin of biphasic response of main phase-transition temperature of
      phospholipid membranes to long-chain alcohols.
AB  - A statistical mechanical theory is proposed which explains the molecular
      mechanism of the nonlinear response of the phase-transition temperature of
      phospholipid vesicle membranes to added 1-alkanols. By assuming that the free
      energy of transfer of 1-alkanols from the aqueous phase to the membrane and the
      interaction energy between 1-alkanol molecules are linear functions of alkanol
      alkyl chain-length, the nonlinear behavior is explained in the Bragg-Williams
      approximation. For dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicle membranes, the theory
      reveals a larger free energy of transfer of 1-alkanols from the aqueous phase to
      the solid-gel membrane than to the liquid-crystalline membrane when the number of
      carbon atoms of 1-alkanol exceeds 12. When the intermolecular interaction force
      between 1-alkanol molecules residing in the gel phase is stronger than the
      interaction force between those residing in the liquid-crystalline phase, the
      ligand effect is to tighten the lipid matrix structure, causing the transition
      temperature to rise. The interaction force is a quadratic function of 1-alkanol
      concentration; hence, the response of the transition temperature to the 1-alkanol
      concentration is nonlinear. At low concentrations of the long-chain 1-alkanols
      that predominantly elevate the transition temperature, this intermolecular
      interaction force is negligible. In this case, the entropic effect of the
      incorporated ligand molecules, which loosens the lipid matrix, predominates, and
      the transition temperature decreases. The biphasic action of long-chain 1
      alkanols originates from the balance of these two opposing effects: entropy and
      intermolecular interaction.

PMID- 3839418
TI  - Changes in biochemical characteristics and pattern of lectin binding of alveolar
      type II cells with time in culture.
AB  - When cultured on plastic culture dishes for several days, alveolar type II cells
      gradually lose both their morphologic and biochemical identifying
      characteristics. Although type II cells cultured on a matrix derived from corneal
      endothelial cells have previously been reported to retain lamellar bodies for 7
      10 days in culture, the ability of type II cells cultured on matrix to synthesize
      surfactant lipids has not been previously studied. We therefore measured the
      phospholipid content and the distribution of [14C]acetate into classes of lipids
      by type II cells maintained in culture. We found no differences between cells
      cultured on plastic or on matrix. We then studied the binding to type II cells in
      culture of Maclura pomifera and Ricinus communis I, lectins specific in vivo for
      type II and type I cells, respectively. We found that the cells progressively
      bind less M. pomifera and more R. communis I. The change in pattern of lectin
      binding occurs whether cells are cultured on plastic or matrix, whether lectins
      are conjugated with fluorescein, rhodamine or ferritin, or whether cells are
      cultured in the presence or absence of serum. We conclude that type II cells
      cultured on either tissue culture plastic or matrix derived from corneal
      endothelial cells lose the ability to synthesize and contain surfactant
      phospholipids, and, at least in their pattern of lectin binding, become similar
      to type I cells.

PMID- 3839419
TI  - [Blood pressure decrease by computer-controlled infusion of vasodilators].

PMID- 3839421
TI  - Computer simulation of DNA supercoiling in a simple elastomechanical
      approximation.

PMID- 3839420
TI  - An experimental comparison between the continuum and single jump descriptions of
      nonactin-mediated potassium transport through black lipid membranes.
AB  - The continuum and single jump treatments of ion transport through black lipid
      membranes predict experimentally distinguishable results, even when the same
      mechanistic assumptions are made and the same potential-distance profile is used.
      On the basis of steady-state current-voltage curves for nonactin-mediated
      transport of potassium ions, we find that the continuum model describes the data
      accurately, whereas the single jump model fails to do so, for all cases
      investigated in which capacitance measurements indicate that the membrane
      thickness varies little with applied potential.

PMID- 3839422
TI  - Identification and measurement of paraprotein polymers by high performance gel
      filtration chromatography.
AB  - An evaluation of Superose 6, a new high performance gel filtration medium, has
      been made for the rapid separation and quantitation of paraprotein polymers.
      There is a significant correlation between relative serum viscosity and the
      concentration of polymeric IgA as demonstrated by FPLC using the Superose 6
      columns. The retention times of the columns are highly reproducible and allow
      good resolution of polymers and provide a simple way of separating IgG3 from
      albumin. Scaling up to the preparative Superose 6B could be achieved with little
      loss of resolution.

PMID- 3839423
TI  - [Morphofunctional status of the thymus in guinea pigs exposed to thymus and bone
      marrow preparations].
AB  - Study of the effect of the polypeptide thymic factor (thymalin) and the
      polypeptide bone marrow factor (hemalin) on the morphofunctional status of the
      thymus in guinea-pigs has shown that injection of thymalin into animals increases
      the count of small lymphocytes whereas injection of hemalin the count of medium
      sized lymphocytes and lymphoblasts. Injection of thymalin magnifies the size of
      the nuclei of the reticuloendothelial cells.

PMID- 3839425
TI  - [Glaucoma and endocrine myopathy].

PMID- 3839426
TI  - [Possible applications of the Nd: Yag laser in glaucoma].

PMID- 3839424
TI  - Ten-year experience with CMF-based adjuvant chemotherapy in resectable breast
      cancer.
AB  - The paper reviews all adjuvant studies carried out since 1973 at the Milan Cancer
      Institute in women with resectable breast cancer and positive axillary nodes. The
      updated results essentially confirm previous findings, and indicate that CMF
      based chemotherapy is able to exert a prolonged therapeutic activity in a
      fraction of patients bearing micrometastases. In particular, the first randomized
      study testing no postoperative chemotherapy vs 12 CMF cycles, showed a 10-year
      relapse free survival (RFS) of 31.4% vs 43.4% (P less than 0.001) and an overall
      survival (OS) of 47.3% vs 55.2% (P = 0.10), respectively. Findings related to
      subsets indicated that RFS and OS benefit was significant in premenopausal and
      not in postmenopausal women, and in both treatment groups the observed findings
      were always related to the number of histologically positive nodes. On relapse,
      salvage therapy administered to controls failed to produce superior results
      compared to those achieved in the CMF group. The 8-year results of the second
      study testing 12 vs 6 CMF cycles failed to show a significant difference between
      the two treatment groups. This indicated that the maximum tumor cell kill
      occurred during initial chemotherapy cycles. In the third study, carried out only
      in postmenopausal women less than or equal to 65 years, sequential non-cross
      resistant combinations (CMFP----AV) at full dose achieved superior results
      compared to CMF in the subset with limited nodal extent. Acute side effects were
      moderate and no delayed morbidity, including increased incidence of second
      neoplasms, was observed. We conclude that the tumor cell heterogeneity, and in
      particular primary drug resistance, represents the major obstacle to adjuvant
      systemic therapy in high risk breast cancer. Current results suggest that 6
      cycles of CMF can be considered a simple, safe, and moderately effective adjuvant
      therapy. Future trials should contemplate treatments of different intensity
      related to major prognostic subsets, while in women at very high risk of early
      relapse more vigorous drug regimens should be concentrated within the first six
      months from local-regional therapy.

PMID- 3839427
TI  - [Ocular microsurgery with the Nd-YAG laser in the treatment of secondary and
      tertiary cataracts].

PMID- 3839430
TI  - A radiotherapy treatment planning check program.

PMID- 3839429
TI  - A computer-calculated difference tissue compensator system.

PMID- 3839428
TI  - Fluorescent markers of hypoxic cells: a comparison of two compounds on three cell
      lines.
AB  - Two compounds, nitroakridin 3582 (NA) and a 3-nitro-naphthalimide (DM113), have
      been tested as potential fluorescent markers for hypoxic cells. Cellular
      fluorescence in three cell lines (V79-379A, WHF1B, EMT6) was measured by flow
      cytometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after incubating the
      cells with the drugs for various times in air or hypoxia. In all three cell
      lines, both drugs showed greater fluorescence in hypoxic than in oxic cells.
      There were, however, differences between the cell lines in respect of the
      magnitudes of hypoxic and oxic cell fluorescence and in the ratio of hypoxic to
      oxic fluorescence. Differences in hypoxic cell fluorescence were due to
      differences in the rate and extent of nitroreduction. Drug uptake and DNA content
      per cell were relatively unimportant factors in determining the magnitude of
      fluorescence. There was not a good correlation between cytotoxicity of the drugs
      and hypoxic fluorescence. Nitroakridin was more toxic to hypoxic than to aerated
      cells but the reverse was true for DM113. The dependence of fluorescence and
      radiosensitivity on oxygen concentration were compared for the three cell lines
      and only small differences between the "K"-curves for the two end-points were
      found. Two problems with the present compounds which should be addressed in
      designing future fluorogenic compounds as hypoxic markers were oxic cell
      fluorescence and leakage of fluorescent products from hypoxic cells.

PMID- 3839431
TI  - Computerizing the medical office.

PMID- 3839432
TI  - Effectiveness of a six-drug regimen (APO) without local irradiation for treatment
      of mediastinal lymphoblastic lymphoma in children.
AB  - Fourteen children with mediastinal lymphoblastic lymphoma (MLL) were treated with
      the six-drug APO protocol. This regimen includes aggressive intermittent
      chemotherapy and prophylactic central nervous system therapy. Mediastinal
      irradiation was given only for emergency relief of mediastinal compression (two
      children) or for incomplete resolution of mediastinal widening with chemotherapy
      (one child). All 14 patients achieved complete remission; only 1 has relapsed.
      Toxicities were not severe. APO is effective therapy for children with MLL. APO
      should receive further trials in children and adults with T-cell lymphoblastic
      lymphomas.

PMID- 3839433
TI  - Endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina. The role of primary chemotherapy.
AB  - Endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina, a rare pediatric malignancy, was managed
      with primary chemotherapy (vincristine, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide [VAC])
      followed by local excision without radical surgery or pelvic irradiation.
      Treatment-related complications were acceptable, and there is no evidence of
      disease 30 months after discontinuing all therapy (50 months after diagnosis). As
      a treatment option, primary chemotherapy is viewed as a highly attractive
      alternative modality, preserving potential reproductive and sexual function in
      long-term survivors, and appears to be the treatment of choice.

PMID- 3839435
TI  - Two 14q+ chromosomes in malignant lymphoma: crucial cytogenetic changes on 14q.
AB  - We encountered a 36-year-old white male patient with poorly differentiated
      lymphocytic lymphoma, whose lymph node cells showed a clonal cytogenetic change
      involving chromosome #14, i.e., 47,XY, + 2,der(14),t(14;14)(14pter----14q32;14q24
      ---14q32++ +). In addition to this change, cells with a translocation between
      chromosomes #2 and another #14 [t(2;14)(q21;q24)], as well as a missing
      chromosome #8 were found. We have reviewed the literature dealing with two or
      more changes affecting chromosome #14 and discussed the importance of the
      cytogenetic change at band 14q32 in malignant lymphoma.

PMID- 3839434
TI  - Macrophage-histiocytes in malignant lymphoma, small lymphocytic type (well
      differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma).
AB  - The authors studied the occurrence of Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA)-binding
      macrophage-histiocytes in paraffin-embedded tumor tissue of 38 patients with
      malignant lymphoma, small lymphocytic type, a tumor of low-grade malignancy.
      Thirty-one patients (82%) had an indolent clinical course and were free of
      disease for a minimum follow-up period of 24 months. However, seven patients
      (18%) died within 24 months of biopsy, and six of the seven patients died of
      rapid progression of their tumor despite intensive treatment. Histologically, the
      tumors of these six short-term survivors were indistinguishable from those of the
      long-term survivors. RCA staining of paraffin-embedded tumor tissue of the 38
      cases revealed three groups of tumors: (1) tumors with numerous (greater than
      10/high-power field [HPF]) stromal macrophage-histiocytes (4 patients); (2)
      tumors with a moderate number (4-9/HPF) of macrophage-histiocytes (5 patients);
      (3) tumors with rare or no (0-3/HPF) macrophage-histiocytes, or only thin,
      anuclear variants (29 patients). Each of the six short-term survivors had readily
      demonstrable RCA-binding macrophage-histiocytes in their tumor; these were
      numerous in four and moderate in two. In contrast, macrophage-histiocytes were
      either rare or absent, or were anuclear variants, in 29 of the 31 patients who
      had an indolent clinical course. These observations suggest that in small
      lymphocytic type malignant lymphoma there is a subgroup characterized by an
      increased number of stromal macrophage-histiocytes and aggressive behavior of the
      tumor. Tumors of this subgroup can be detected by RCA staining.

PMID- 3839436
TI  - [Discrimination and artificial intelligence].

PMID- 3839437
TI  - Ca2+-selective microelectrodes.
AB  - Ca2+-selective microelectrodes based on the synthetic neutral carrier ETH 1001
      can be used for quantitative intracellular measurements of resting Ca2+
      activities and of slowly changing Ca2+-levels (response time in the order of
      seconds). Microelectrodes with tip diameters greater than 0.3 micron show
      selectivities that yield a detection limit between 10(-8) and 10(-7) M Ca2+ in an
      intracellular background. The Ca2+-activity is obtained together with electrical
      parameters of the cell (e.g. cell membrane potential and membrane resistance or
      conductivity). Simultaneous monitoring of other ion-activities is accessible
      (double- or multi-barrelled microelectrodes). The Ca2+-determination is extremely
      local, i.e. it probably does not indicate an averaged cytosolic activity in every
      situation (e.g. localized transients).

PMID- 3839438
TI  - Modification of brain vascular eicosanoids after pharmacological treatment and
      ischemia in the rat: drugs and brain vascular eicosanoids.
AB  - Vascular eicosanoids (E) thromboxane (measured as T X B2) and prostacyclin
      (measured as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) may modulate hemodynamic parameters in brain
      circulation. We have studied (a) the effects of the administration of vasoactive
      drugs, in the rat, on T X B2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels and release in brain
      cortex, and (b) changes of brain vascular E levels during hypoxia and recovery,
      in the same animal species. Administration of vasoactive drugs (papaverine,
      dipyridamole, the carbochromene derivative AD6 and nifedipine) to rats resulted
      in differential effects on endogenous levels and post-decapitation release of
      both compounds. Reduction of the T X B2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha balance in brain cortex
      was obtained with papaverine and AD6, whereas nifedipine reduced 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha more than T X B2. During hypoxia there was no significant modification of
      brain vascular E, but during recovery both compounds were decreased. Thus
      pharmacological treatments during recovery from hypoxia may normalize brain
      vascular E levels.

PMID- 3839439
TI  - Altered synthesis of glucosamine-labeled glycopeptides during postimplantation
      embryogenesis of the mouse.
AB  - Dissected mouse embryos were examined for the ability to synthesize
      [3H]glucosamine-labeled embryoglycan, which is the glycoprotein-bound large
      carbohydrate eluted near the excluded volume of a Sephadex G-50 column. Although
      the ratio of glucosamine-label incorporated into embryoglycan decreased
      progressively during embryogenesis, 11- and 12-day-old embryos still synthesized
      significant amounts of the glycan. Severe inhibition of the glycan synthesis was
      noticed after the 15th day. Therefore, synthesis of the core portion of
      embryoglycan was suppressed later than when fucosylation of the glycan was known
      to be suppressed.

PMID- 3839440
TI  - Interactions of pyrethroids with phosphatidylcholine bilayers: comparisons in
      liposomal systems exhibiting large or small radii of curvature.
AB  - Pyrethroid interactions with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) vesicles have
      been characterized in bilayers having large and small radii of curvature. The
      abilities of pyrethroids to alter the gel-fluid phase transition profiles were
      determined by steady state fluorescence anisotropy and phase-modulation lifetime
      techniques using the fluorescent probes cis- and trans-parinaric acid. Using the
      geometric isomers of parinaric acid as membrane probes, pyrethroids were found to
      lower the phase transition temperature (Tc) of DPPC large multilamellar vesicles
      with the same order of comparative effectiveness as previously reported using the
      fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH). Permethrin had a greater
      depressive effect upon the Tc of DPPC in the small unilamellar vesicle (SUV)
      system than in the large multilamellar system. Conversely, allethrin was less
      effective in reducing the Tc of DPPC SUVs. The enhanced effect of permethrin in
      decreasing the Tc of DPPC SUVs was greatest in regions of more rigid lipid
      packing, as determined by trans-parinaric acid fluorescence parameters. The
      results indicate that changes in lipid packing configuration caused by differing
      bilayer radii of curvature may alter the interactive characteristics of
      pyrethroids with lipid membranes.

PMID- 3839441
TI  - Synthesis of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-26,27-dimethylvitamin D3, a highly active
      analogue of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.

PMID- 3839442
TI  - Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-palmitic acid phase diagram studied by 13C nuclear
      magnetic resonance.
AB  - The phase diagram of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and palmitic acid
      mixtures in excess D2O was studied by 13C-NMR. Phase boundaries were determined
      from plots of apparent spin-spin relaxation time T2 (for both choline methyl and
      fatty acid chain carbons) versus temperature. A peritectic transition in the 1-10
      mol% region, whose existence has been theoretically inferred from the Gibbs phase
      rule but which was undetectable by differential thermal analysis (DTA) (S.E.
      Schullery et al. Biochemistry, 20 (1981) 6818-6824), was located by NMR at 41.6
      degrees C. A second, nearby peritectic line at 44 degrees C, which had been shown
      by DTA to extend from about 3-25 mol% palmitic acid, was seen by NMR only above
      10 mol%. The palmitic acid/DPPC complex (2:1), with a sharp melting point at 64
      degrees C, reported in earlier studies, was also seen by NMR. A phase diagram
      including both NMR and DTA results is presented. Important general conclusions
      from this study are: (i) NMR and scanning thermal analysis are complementary
      techniques for phase studies; each can see transitions that are invisible to the
      other. (ii) The case for the applicability of the Gibbs phase rule to lipid
      bilayer systems has been strengthened by the observance of two predicted, close
      spaced boundaries. (iii) Low concentrations of fatty acids and related molecules
      can not be assumed to disperse as simple ideal solutes in the bilayer matrix.

PMID- 3839443
TI  - Cisplatin, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (PACe) combination chemotherapy in
      patients with ovarian carcinoma resistant to chlorambucil.
AB  - Twenty patients with stage III or IV ovarian carcinoma refractory to chlorambucil
      were treated with IV cisplatin, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide. Two patients
      achieved CR and four PR, giving an overall response rate of 30%. All patients
      have since died at 0-18 (median 8) months. Use of this region was associated with
      marked toxicity, including three drug-related deaths. Second-time drug
      combinations should be regarded as experimental, and they should probably only be
      used in selected patients outside of clinical trials.

PMID- 3839444
TI  - Clinical, chromosomal and enzymatic studies in four cases of rearrangements of
      chromosome 7.
AB  - We report here four cases of unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements involving
      partial monosomies and trisomies of chromosome 7. The quantitative expression of
      diaphorase 2 (DIA-2), beta-glucuronidase (GUS-beta) and argino-succinate-lyase
      (ASL) were measured in these patients and compared with controls. The results
      suggest that the DIA-2 locus is in the band 7p221----q21, the GUS-beta locus in
      the band 7p22----q21 and the ASL locus in the band 7p221----q22.

PMID- 3839445
TI  - Adolescent homosexuality. Issues for pediatricians.
AB  - Homosexuality is among the most complex and controversial issues of adolescent
      health care. Although homosexual activity is common during adolescence, the
      prevalence and origins of homosexuality per se are poorly understood. Homosexual
      identity formation is a potentially tumultuous process that begins in childhood
      and extends through adulthood. The adolescent's experiences may ultimately
      contribute to a variety of physical and mental health problems. The sociological,
      psychological, and medical issues are considered, and guidelines for the care of
      homosexual youths are proposed.

PMID- 3839446
TI  - Oral ciramadol in the treatment of postoperative pain.
AB  - The efficacy and safety of single oral 15, 30, and 60 mg doses of ciramadol, an
      investigational agonist/antagonist analgesic, were studied in a postoperative
      pain model and compared with aspirin, 325 and 650 mg. Two visual analog pain
      assessment scales were also compared. Results showed that a pain relief score of
      moderate or better was reported at some time during the 6-hour observation period
      by 76% of the patients who took 15 mg ciramadol, by 60% of those who took 30 mg
      ciramadol, by 59% of those who took 60 mg ciramadol, and by 38% and 92% of the
      patients who took the low and high doses of aspirin, respectively. From 1 to 4
      hours after drug dosing, 15 mg ciramadol generally produced higher scores,
      indicative of greater pain relief, on the three pain intensity efficacy scales
      used (verbal, linear analog, and curvilinear analog) than did the other two
      ciramadol doses, but these differences were generally not significant. The
      differences between 15 mg ciramadol and 650 mg aspirin were generally not
      significant, although the higher aspirin dose had some advantages over 15 mg
      ciramadol. The most frequently reported adverse effect was dizziness/vertigo in
      22% of patients taking 60 mg ciramadol, in 17% of those taking 30 mg ciramadol,
      in 13% of those taking 15 mg ciramadol, in 4% of those taking high aspirin doses,
      and in none of those who received the low aspirin doses. The correlation
      coefficient for the linear and curvilinear pain analog intensity scales was
      0.955, indicating a highly significant correlation (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 3839447
TI  - FILEMAN41C--an interactive data management system for biomedical data selected
      from a free definable file by a pocket calculator.
AB  - An interactive system for the storage, retrieval and analysis of numerous
      clinical data is described. Due to the simple structure of the dialogue, no
      special knowledge of computer handling is required by the experimenter. The
      program is written for the Hewlett-Packard HP-41C pocket calculator and is
      suitable for a number of moderately sized experiments.

PMID- 3839448
TI  - Pocket calculator program of one-way analysis of variance.
AB  - This program has been written for the TI-59 pocket calculator. It uses Bartlett's
      test to supervise the homoscedasticity, then performs the one-way analysis of
      variance and multiple comparisons, namely Scheffe's test, Dunnett's test,
      Turkey's test and Newmann-Keuls's test.

PMID- 3839449
TI  - Combination therapy with ranitidine and pirenzepine for control of intragastric
      pH in the critically ill.
AB  - In a prospective study of pH control for stress ulcer prophylaxis, intermittent
      iv infusion of the anticholinergic drug pirenzepine maintained the intragastric
      pH above 4 in only one of 17 ICU patients, while similar administration of the H2
      receptor antagonist ranitidine was successful in seven of 32 patients. This
      difference was not statistically significant. Of 15 patients in whom a maximum
      dose of 600 mg/day of ranitidine or 90 mg/day of pirenzepine failed to maintain
      pH, combination therapy was successful in 11, a significant (p less than .01)
      improvement. We conclude that neither ranitidine nor pirenzepine provides
      adequate control of pH for stress ulcer prophylaxis when used alone. If used
      together they are the most effective combination so far described for parenteral
      control of gastric pH in the critically ill. Regular monitoring of gastric pH is
      nevertheless essential to allow detection of therapeutic failures.

PMID- 3839450
TI  - Food allergy.

PMID- 3839451
TI  - Aplasia cutis congenita associated with valvular heart disease.
AB  - We present a patient with a congenital scalp lesion compatible with aplasia cutis
      congenita (ACC) and associated congenital heart disease (CHD). This interesting
      combined entity is briefly reviewed and associated defects that can occur are
      discussed.

PMID- 3839452
TI  - [Block of NK cell activity by ICO-11 monoclonal antibodies].
AB  - Antigen expression determined by ICO-11 monoclonal antibodies was studied on
      leukemia cells from bone marrow, blood cells from patients with
      lymphoproliferative diseases and natural killer (NK) cells responsible for
      natural resistance. ICO-11 monoclonal antibodies were shown to recognize the
      antigen expressed on NK-cells, predecessors of T-cells (thymocytes),
      myelomonocytes (myeloblasts, monoblasts) and to block NK-cell activity.

PMID- 3839453
TI  - Specific regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide biosynthesis by phorbol
      ester in bovine chromaffin cells.
AB  - Two neuropeptides, enkephalin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), are
      simultaneously increased in cultures of bovine chromaffin cells after diverse
      treatments including elevation of cAMP, application of nicotine, or chronic
      depolarization. We now show that phorbol esters can specifically elevate VIP in
      cultured chromaffin cells without changing the amount of enkephalin. Peptide
      histidine isoleucine, a VIP-related peptide, is also expressed concomitantly with
      VIP after treatment with phorbol ester. Immunocytochemical examination of drug
      treated cells defines a subpopulation of chromaffin cells which are responsive to
      phorbol ester stimulation. The unique ability of phorbol esters to selectively
      regulate VIP expression indicates the presence of independent mechanisms for
      controlling the expression of individual neuropeptides in chromaffin cells.

PMID- 3839454
TI  - Softening of lipid bilayers.
AB  - The softening of wet lipid bilayer membranes during their gel-to-fluid first
      order phase transition is studied by computer simulation of a family of two
      dimensional microscopic interaction models. The models include a variable number,
      q, of lipid chain conformational states, where 2 less than or equal to q less
      than or equal to 10. Results are presented as functions of q and temperature for
      a number of bulk properties, such as internal energy, specific heat, and lateral
      compressibility. A quantitative account is given of the statistics of the lipid
      clusters which are found to form in the neighborhood of the transition. The
      occurrence of these clusters is related to the softening and the strong thermal
      density fluctuations which dominate the specific heat and the lateral
      compressibility for the high-q models. The cluster distributions and the
      fluctuations behave in a manner reminiscent of critical phenomena and
      percolation. The findings of long-lived metastable states and extremely slow
      relaxational behavior in the transition region are shown to be caused by the
      presence of intermediate lipid chain conformational states which kinetically
      stabilize the cluster distribution and the effective phase coexistence. This has
      as its macroscopic consequence that the first-order transition appears as a
      "continuous" transition, as invariably observed in all experiments on uncharged
      lecithin bilayer membranes. The results also suggest an explanation of the non
      horizontal isotherms of lipid monolayers. Possible implications of lipid bilayer
      softening and enhanced passive permeability for the functioning of biological
      membranes are discussed.

PMID- 3839455
TI  - Fluorescence decay of pyrene in small and large unilamellar L, alpha
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles above and below the phase transition
      temperature.
AB  - The fluorescence decays of pyrene in small and large unilamellar L, alpha
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles have been investigated as a function of
      probe concentration and temperature. When the molar ratio of pyrene to
      phospholipid equals 1:3000, no excimer emission is observed and the fluorescence
      decays are mono-exponential. When this ratio is equal to or higher than 1:120,
      excimer formation is observed. Above the phase transition temperature the
      observed fluorescence decays of monomer and excimer can be adequately described
      by a bi-exponential function. The monomer decays can be equally well fitted to a
      decay law which takes into account a time-dependence in the probe diffusion rate
      constant. The fluorescence decay kinetics are compatible with the excimer
      formation scheme which is valid in an isotropic medium. The excimer lifetime and
      the (apparent) rate constant of excimer formation have been determined as a
      function of probe concentration at different temperatures above the phase
      transition temperature. The activation energy of excimer formation is found to be
      29.4 +/- 1.3 kJ/mol. In small unilamellar vesicles the diffusion constant
      associated with the pyrene excimer formation process varies from 8.0 X 10(-7)
      cm2/s at 40 degrees C to 2.2 X 10(-6) cm2/s at 70 degrees C. Below the phase
      transition temperature the monomer decays can be described by a decay law which
      takes into account a time dependence of the rate constant of excimer formation.
      The lateral diffusion coefficient of pyrene calculated from the decay fitting
      parameters of the monomer region varies from 4.0 X 10(-9) cm2/s at 20 degrees C
      to 7.9 X 10(-8) cm2/s at 35 degrees C. No significant difference could be
      observed between the pyrene fluorescence decay kinetics in small and large
      unilamellar vesicles.

PMID- 3839456
TI  - Adenosine deaminase: characterization and expression of a gene with a remarkable
      promoter.
AB  - Cosmid clones containing the gene for human adenosine deaminase (ADA) were
      isolated. The gene is 32 kb long and split into 12 exons. The exact sizes and
      boundaries of the exon blocks including the transcription start sites were
      determined. The sequence upstream from this cap site lacks the TATA and CAAT
      boxes characteristic for eukaryotic promoters. Nevertheless, we have shown in a
      functional assay that a stretch of 135 bp immediately preceding the cap site has
      promoter activity. This 135-bp DNA fragment is extremely rich in G/C residues
      (82%). It contains three inverted repeats that allow the formation of cruciform
      structures, a 10-bp and a 16-bp direct repeat and five G/C-rich motifs (GGGCGGG)
      disposed in a strikingly symmetrical fashion. Some of these structural features
      were also found in the promoter region of other genes and we discuss their
      possible function. Knowledge of the exact positions of the intron-exon boundaries
      allowed us to propose models for abnormal RNA processing that occurs in
      previously investigated ADA-deficient cell lines.

PMID- 3839457
TI  - Trypanosoma brucei: a surface antigen mRNA is discontinuously transcribed from
      two distinct chromosomes.
AB  - The mRNAs for variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs) and many other proteins in
      Trypanosoma brucei start with the same sequence of 35 nucleotides, encoded by a
      separate mini-exon. There are approximately 200 mini-exon genes per trypanosome
      and these are highly clustered on large chromosomes. We have found two
      trypanosome variants that express a VSG gene located on a small, 225-kb
      chromosome. Each gene yields a mRNA containing the 35-nucleotide sequence even
      though the 225-kb chromosome does not contain a complete mini-exon gene. These
      results provide a strong support for the hypothesis that transcription of protein
      coding genes in trypanosomes is discontinuous.

PMID- 3839459
TI  - Comparative localization of putative pre- and postsynaptic markers of muscarinic
      cholinergic nerve terminals in rat brain.

PMID- 3839458
TI  - Complete nucleotide sequence of hepatic 5-aminolaevulinate synthase precursor.
AB  - Chick embryo liver mitochondrial matrix protein, 5-aminolaevulinate synthase, is
      synthesised initially as a larger cytosolic precursor. In this report we present
      the complete nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone coding for the precursor
      together with corresponding confirmatory amino acid sequence of peptides derived
      from purified mature mitochondrial enzyme. The deduced amino acid sequence shows
      that the precursor consists of mature enzyme of 579 amino acids and an N-terminal
      extension of 56 amino acids. The latter presequence is highly basic in character
      as found with other mitochondrial preproteins.

PMID- 3839460
TI  - Aedes aegypti: model for blood finding strategy and prediction of parasite
      manipulation.
AB  - Aedes aegypti mosquitoes salivate during intradermal probing of vertebrate prey
      before ingesting blood (Griffiths and Gordon 1952). Nonsalivating mosquitoes
      locate blood more slowly; this difference was ascribed to an anti-platelet
      activity found in the mosquito's saliva (Ribeiro et al. 1984). Mosquitoes
      infected with Plasmodium gallinaceum suffer pathology that specifically impairs
      saliva anti-hemostatic activity but without reducing volume of output (Rossignol
      et al. 1984). The complexity of the feeding apparatus of mosquitoes provides
      opportunity for a variety of strategies in which pathogens may produce specific
      lesions that enhance their transmission, but the variables that affect the
      duration of probing by mosquitoes have not been defined. We sought to resolve
      this complexity by identifying and quantifying relevant parameters of probing
      behavior. Mosquitoes thrust their mouthparts repeatedly through their host's skin
      while searching for blood. Female A. aegypti thrust at 7-sec intervals. If this
      search results in success, feeding ensues. Alternatively, the mosquito "desists,"
      the mouthparts stylets are withdrawn, and the mosquito attempts to feed at
      another site. Even after previous desistance, the probability of finding blood
      remains undiminished. Functions for the probability of feeding success and
      desistance over time were derived using data from observations on 300 mosquitoes.
      The probability of feeding success was interpreted as being a function of the
      density of vessels in the skin, their geometric distribution, and the conditions
      locally affecting hemostasis. During each probe, the probability of desisting
      increased linearly with time, and after desisting once, mosquitoes tended to
      desist more rapidly. A model was developed incorporating Monte Carlo simulation
      which closely fit observed data. By changing values for the several parameters of
      the probability functions, we predicted modes in which parasites may manipulate
      their hosts to enhance transmission, both to and from the vector. In particular,
      parasite strategies in the vector would include induced salivary pathology;
      increased duration of probing thrusts; decreased desistance time; and inhibited
      phagoreception. Predicted parasite strategies in the reservoir host would include
      increased skin vascular volume and impaired host hemostasis. Our model supports
      the hypothesis of a mutualistic interaction of malaria and mosquitoes.

PMID- 3839461
TI  - Resonance energy transfer evidence for two attached states of the actomyosin
      complex.
AB  - Resonance energy transfer measurements were made between a donor fluorophore, N
      (bromacetyl)-N'-(1-sulpho-5-naphthyl)ethylenediamine, located on the single
      cysteine of the Al light chain of myosin (S1(A1), and an acceptor fluorophore, 5
      (iodoacetamido)fluorescein, sited on Cys-374 of actin. In the binary rigor
      complex a transfer efficiency of 24% was noted, representing a spatial separation
      of about 6 nm. When the same measurements were made using a stable analogue of S1
      X ATP, in which the fast reacting SH1 thiol group is crosslinked to another thiol
      group in the 20 kDa domain of S1, the 2 fluorophores were found to have moved
      closer together by greater than or equal to 3 nm. This provides, for the first
      time, direct experimental evidence for a change in structure of the myosin
      crossbridge that could account for tension generation.

PMID- 3839462
TI  - Subclass-specific antibody-dependent binding of macrophages to supported planar
      lipid monolayer membranes.
AB  - Subclass-specific antibody-dependent binding of macrophages to supported planar
      lipid monolayers has been studied. The binding of the P388D1 macrophage-like cell
      line to planar DMPC or DPPC monolayers was dependent on IgC subclasses and hapten
      concentrations. The binding efficiencies were as follows on both 'solid' and
      'fluid' lipid monolayer membranes; IgG1 = IgG2a greater than IgG2b greater than
      IgG3 = IgA. These results suggest that the present system is very useful for
      studying the mechanisms of the transmembrane signal triggered by Fc receptors of
      macrophages.

PMID- 3839463
TI  - Labelling and immunoprecipitation of thyroid microsomal antigen.
AB  - Human thyroid microsomes have been solubilized, labelled with 125I,
      immunoprecipitated with microsomal antibody and analysed by gel electrophoresis.
      The analysis indicated that two peptides of relative molecular masses 108 and 118
      kDa, under reducing conditions, were specifically immunoprecipitated by
      microsomal antibody. Similar values were obtained under non-reducing conditions
      indicating that the two peptides were not linked by disulphide bridges to each
      other or to different peptides. These results suggest that the microsomal antigen
      contains two components which may be linked by non-covalent bonds to form a
      single protein of 230 kDa. Studies with lectin affinity columns suggested that
      the antigen was glycosylated.

PMID- 3839464
TI  - Stable secondary structures at the 3'-end of the genome of yellow fever virus (17
      D vaccine strain).
AB  - The sequence of the 3'-terminal 565 nucleotides of yellow fever virus has been
      determined from a cloned cDNA. Several structures are detectable: three tandemly
      repeated sequences, a series of inverted repeats and a stable secondary structure
      involving the 3'-terminal 120 nucleotides.

PMID- 3839465
TI  - [Anti-triiodothyronine antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
      associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis].
AB  - Anti-triiodothyronine antibody was found in a case of rheumatoid arthritis
      associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The patient was a 40 year-old woman who
      had complained of polyarthralgia, joint-swelling and stiffness for seven years.
      She had a rheumatoid nodule and showed a positive RA test. Radiographic changes
      of hands and wrists showed osteoporosis, erosions and narrowing of joint space.
      Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs had been used for seven years. The diagnosis
      of Hashimoto's thyroiditis had been made by open biopsy of the thyroid gland
      seven years before. Serum T4, TSH, TBG, free T4, free T3 and r-T3 were all
      normal. On the other hand, serum T3 level was almost unmeasurable by
      radioimmunoassay. Binding of 125I-T3 to the patient's serum was studied by using
      polyethylene glycol (PEG) and column chromatography. By using the PEG method, the
      binding of 125I-T3 to the patient's serum was tenfold compared to control serum.
      Sephadex G-25 column chromatography (0.9 X 1.5 cm) of 125I-T3 with the patient's
      serum in the presence of 0.1% ANS showed an early radioactive peak, while control
      serum did not show an early peak. In the next experiments, the patient's serum
      was labelled with 125I-T3, mixed with human anti-IgG, IgM, IgA, lambda, kappa,
      incubated at 4 degrees C for 20 hours and centrifuged for 20 min. Strong binding
      to the anti-IgG and anti-lambda was detected. The presence of this abnormal T3
      binding globulin in the patient's serum may have produced an undetectable T3
      level.

PMID- 3839466
TI  - Lectin-binding to hemocytes of Mytilus edulis.
AB  - Lectin receptors for WGA, Ricinus 60, Ricinus 120, and for the agglutinin from
      the albumin gland of Helix pomatia were detected on the surface of Mytilus
      hemocytes by an agglutination assay. When hemocyte monolayers on slides were
      incubated with these lectins, strong rosette formation was obtained after
      addition of human erythrocytes. The lowest lectin concentration which caused
      formation of rosettes was determined to be 5 micrograms/ml of WGA or of Helix
      agglutinin, and 20 micrograms/ml of Ricinus 60 or 40 micrograms/ml of Ricinus
      120, respectively. In contrast to these results, no binding of indicator cells to
      Mytilus hemocytes occurred with various other lectins, including Con A.

PMID- 3839467
TI  - External fistulisation of the canal of Schlemm and Nd-YAG laser trabeculotomy.

PMID- 3839468
TI  - Amino acid sequence of lymphocyte-surface antigens.

PMID- 3839469
TI  - CT scans of infants with glutaric aciduria.

PMID- 3839470
TI  - Design and function: a physical and electrical description of the 3M House
      cochlear implant system.
AB  - A patient-wearable, single-electrode cochlear implant was first used by a patient
      in 1972 at the House Ear Institute. Since early 1982, a redesigned version of
      this system has been in clinical use. This new system, called the 3M House
      cochlear implant system, consists of an implanted receiver and a patient-worn
      signal processor, transmitter, and microphone. Also available are instruments to
      assist the audiologist and patient in proper fitting and testing of the
      equipment. Physical and electrical characteristics of the devices are described,
      with attention given to improvements over the older system and features important
      to the use in children.

PMID- 3839471
TI  - Cochlear implants in children: medical and surgical considerations.
AB  - The surgical procedure for placement of a single-electrode cochlear implant in
      children is described in detail. This is essentially the same procedure that has
      been successfully used in adults. Medical, radiological, and surgical data are
      also presented. The majority of the children were deafened by meningitis.
      Preoperative X-rays indicated ossification of scala tympani was present in 34% of
      the cases and ossification of the round window in more than 50%. Surgical and
      postoperative complications have been minimal.

PMID- 3839472
TI  - Otitis media in children following the cochlear implant.
AB  - Children are more prone to otitis media than adults. Therefore, although otitis
      media has not produced any complications in adult cochlear implant patients,
      concern has been expressed that it might do so in children with an implant. This
      study examined the frequency and severity of otitis media following cochlear
      implantation. Data were collected from parents and physicians by use of a
      questionnaire. In addition, medical records were examined for incidence and
      severity of otitis media or any evidence of inner ear infection. All parents and
      all physicians who responded to the questionnaire rated both the frequency and
      severity of otitis media as the same or decreased after implantation when
      compared to preimplant. Medical records show no evidence that incidence of otitis
      media is affected by the implant.

PMID- 3839473
TI  - Audiological results in children with a cochlear implant.
AB  - Audiological data collected through June 1984 were analyzed for 126 children with
      the cochlear implant. Preimplant hearing aid results were compared to cochlear
      implant results at 6-month follow-up test intervals. Auditory thresholds to
      warble tones and speech stimuli, and auditory discrimination test scores were
      significantly better with the cochlear implant at all test intervals than
      preoperatively with a hearing aid. Electrical measurements were also monitored.
      Mean thresholds remained consistent over time. Electrical comfort levels
      increased slightly over time, indicating a widening of the electrical dynamic
      range. Results have been extremely encouraging. Some trends are beginning to
      develop, but more long-term data are needed to define the potential benefit of
      the implant in children.

PMID- 3839474
TI  - Speech and language results in children with a cochlear implant.
AB  - At the House Ear Institute, speech and language assessments are a regular part of
      the evaluation protocol for the cochlear implant clinical trials in children. The
      assessments are conducted preimplant and at specific postimplant intervals.
      Paired comparisons of the children's performance at pre- and post-implant
      intervals reveal significant improvements in both imitative and spontaneous
      speech production abilities. However, some differences between groups are noted.
      Children implanted at an early age demonstrate a greater number of significant
      improvements in speech production, while children using oral communication have
      better skills at all test intervals. In addition, significant improvements on
      three of the four receptive language measures and one of the four expressive
      language measures are demonstrated at the 6-mo postimplant test interval. A
      significant decrease in performance is noted for one receptive language measure.
      In a second study, the speech scores of control groups and postimplant groups of
      the same age (3, 4, or 5 yr) are compared. Implanted children score higher in all
      but one of 24 contrasts, and these differences are statistically significant in
      five of the comparisons.

PMID- 3839476
TI  - Monitoring and evaluating the educational effects of the cochlear implant.
AB  - For more than 2 years, the House Ear Institute has monitored the educational
      progress of children who have received the cochlear implant at the Institute. A
      program has been developed to ensure that the Institute receives information from
      and provides information to each child's school. Additionally, the Institute is
      involved in a number of projects designed to assist children in their educational
      setting. This paper describes the Institute's program for maintaining contacts
      with the schools. It presents results from a Teacher Evaluation Form on how
      implant children are responding to sound in the classroom. Educational changes
      exhibited by 14 children are examined. Two projects, the Cochlear
      Implant/Auditory Trainer Project and the Educational Outreach Program are
      described. Finally, discussion of the future educational prospects of implant
      children is presented.

PMID- 3839475
TI  - A psychological evaluation of cochlear implants in children.
AB  - Psychological evaluation is performed both pre- and postimplant as part of the
      children's cochlear implant program. The purposes are to select appropriate
      candidates and to study changes over time that may result from the implant. The
      children in this sample were of above average intelligence as a group, but
      demonstrated perceptual motor lags and academic underachievement consistent with
      previous findings for deaf children. Six-month postimplant results show
      significant improvements in perceptual motor skills, cognitive performance, and
      academic achievement. Some of these improvements may be the result of a reduction
      in distractibility and short attention span that was noted for a number of
      children after implantation. A hypothesis is presented that may explain how the
      cochlear implant affects this behavior.

PMID- 3839477
TI  - Methods and issues in the cochlear implantation of children: an overview.
AB  - The single-electrode cochlear implant is undergoing clinical trials in children
      under Federal Food and Drug Administration regulations governing medical devices.
      Seven teams from around the United States are participating in this investigation
      as coinvestigators with the House Ear Institute. The clinical research program
      involves evaluation and selection for an implant surgery, basic guidance for
      fitting the device, and follow-up monitoring on a regular basis. As of December
      31, 1984, 164 profoundly deaf children have received the cochlear implant. They
      ranged in age at time of surgery from 2 yr, 5 mo to 17 yr, 11 mo. The majority of
      children were deafened from bacterial meningitis (N = 98). The pertinent issues
      involved in the implantation of children include methods of investigation, impact
      of deafness, potential risks and benefits, and alternatives. While the use of the
      implant in children continues to be controversial, the evidence to date indicates
      that this prosthesis can provide significant benefit for a select population of
      profoundly deaf children.

PMID- 3839478
TI  - Perceptual capabilities with the cochlear implant: implications for aural
      rehabilitation.
AB  - While the cochlear implant provides only limited auditory information, profoundly
      deaf children continue to show significant gains in hearing performance and
      speech production abilities. The evidence has indicated that children receiving
      consistent auditory training demonstrate more progress with the implant than
      those children in less auditory-type environments. As a result, the House Ear
      Institute is developing extended training protocols to help optimize implant
      performance. A three-component framework is detailed to include: (1) the
      production/perception model, (2) a comprehension/bottom-up approach, and (3)
      strategical methods of delivery (multisensory versus unisensory). The purpose of
      such development is to integrate "hearing" into home, classroom, and
      individualized therapy settings to better facilitate growth in listening skills
      and speech development within a psycholinguistic context.

PMID- 3839479
TI  - Effect of peptide YY on gastric, pancreatic, and biliary function in humans.
AB  - The effect of peptide YY (PYY) on gastric and pancreatico-biliary secretion was
      studied in humans. Peptide YY was infused into groups of 6 healthy volunteers at
      doses of 0.59, 0.20, and 0.064 pmol X kg-1 X min-1. The two higher doses caused a
      significant suppression of gastric acid and pepsin output during background
      stimulation with pentagastrin. The middle dose of PYY (0.20 pmol X kg-1 X min-1)
      that increased plasma PYY levels by 27 +/- 2 pM caused a 90% +/- 18% (mean +/-
      SEM; p less than 0.001) reduction in the incremental gastric volume response to
      pentagastrin. Similarly this dose of PYY caused a substantial inhibition of the
      acid (77% +/- 14%; p less than 0.005) and pepsin (96% +/- 22%; p less than 0.01)
      response to pentagastrin; in 2 subjects, pepsin output fell to below basal
      levels. In contrast, the highest dose of PYY (0.62 pmol X kg-1 X min-1) had no
      significant influence on duodenal juice volume, output of bicarbonate, trypsin,
      or bilirubin during low dose stimulation with secretin (0.25 pmol X kg-1 X min-1)
      and cholecystokinin-8 (0.15 pmol X kg-1 X min-1). Thus PYY concentrations in the
      circulation similar to those seen after the ingestion of food cause a marked
      reduction in gastric secretion. This peptide should therefore be considered as
      one of the possible candidates for the classical enterogastrone.

PMID- 3839480
TI  - Molecular forms of peptide histidine isoleucine-like immunoreactivity in the
      gastrointestinal tract. Nonequimolar levels of peptide histidine isoleucine and
      vasoactive intestinal peptide in the stomach explained by the presence of a big
      peptide histidine isoleucine-like molecule.
AB  - Regional specific antibodies and chromatography were used to analyze the
      distributions and molecular forms of peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and
      vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the porcine intestine. Both peptides were
      present along the entire length of the intestine, the highest concentrations
      occurring in the colon. Concentrations of PHI immunoreactivity, measured with
      three different antisera, and VIP immunoreactivity were approximately equal in
      all parts of the gastrointestinal tract except in the stomach. In the stomach,
      the concentration of PHI immunoreactivity, measured with the N-terminally
      directed antibody R8403, although equal to the corresponding VIP concentration,
      was two to four times higher than the PHI immunoreactivity detected with the two
      C-terminally directed PHI antisera T33 and T41. Chromatographic analysis on
      Sephadex G-50 superfine of gastric extracts revealed only one VIP immunoreactive
      peak that eluted in the same position as the porcine VIP standard, at Kav 0.53. A
      PHI immunoreactive peak was also detected with the C-terminally directed PHI
      antisera in the same position as porcine PHI standard. However, with the N
      terminally directed PHI antiserum R8403, an additional PHI immunoreactive peak
      was detected in gastric extracts constituting the predominant form present, and
      this peak eluted earlier at Kav 0.37. The PHI immunoreactive material that eluted
      earlier was present in the rest of the intestine in only small amounts. As VIP
      and PHI are believed to be derived from a common precursor, it is suggested that
      in the stomach the posttranslational enzymic processing of the precursor is
      different from that in the other parts of the intestine.

PMID- 3839481
TI  - Production and characterization of N-terminally and C-terminally directed
      monoclonal antibodies against pancreatic glucagon.
AB  - Hybridoma technology has been successfully applied to the production of
      monoclonal antibodies against a variety of small soluble peptides. We report
      herein for the first time on the development of monoclonal antibodies to
      pancreatic glucagon. Twenty-three stable positive hybridomas were detected by
      radioimmunoassay from five separate fusions and cloned by the limiting dilution
      method. Four selected monoclonal antibodies were all of the IgG 2a subclass type
      kappa and bound to protein A. One monoclonal antibody (23.8B6) was shown to be
      directed toward the C-terminal region and another (23.6B4) toward the N-terminal
      to central region of the glucagon molecule. These antibodies did not cross-react
      with any of the other peptides tested. Two further monoclonal antibodies (23.4A1,
      22.3A6) reacted with the C-terminal third of the glucagon molecule and showed a
      cross-reaction with the structurally related gastric inhibitory polypeptide of
      0.7% and 9.1%, respectively. All but the C-terminal monoclonal antibody 23.8B6
      showed a marked cross-reaction with ileal extracts. The N-terminally directed
      monoclonal antibody 23.6B4 was of sufficient avidity for use in the
      radioimmunoassay of pancreatic glucagon and gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity in
      tissue extracts, being sensitive to changes of pancreatic glucagon of 2.0
      fmol/tube at a final titer of culture supernatant of 1:1.4 X 10(5). In gel
      permeation chromatography of intestinal extracts, two major peaks were detectable
      (Kav 0.27 and 0.54). The present findings show that monoclonal antibodies provide
      sensitive tools for detecting pancreatic glucagon and gut glucagon-like
      immunoreactivity. They will be valuable immunoreactants for the development of
      immunoradiometric assays as well as for large-scale immunoaffinity purification
      of gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity.

PMID- 3839482
TI  - Aluminum intake from non-prescription drugs and sucralfate.
AB  - The use of non-prescription antacids to control hyperphosphatemia has been
      implicated as a primary cause of aluminum intoxications in patients with reduced
      renal function. Additional reports suggest that oral aluminum intake may have
      adverse effects on mineral metabolism of patients with normal renal function. The
      non-prescription drugs that contain substantial quantities of aluminum salts
      include some antacids, buffered aspirins, antidiarrheals, and vaginal douches.
      Sucralfate, an anti-ulcer drug available by prescription, is the aluminum salt of
      sucrose sulfate. If taken as directed, the daily aluminum intake from the
      antacids can be as much as 5,000 mg. When aluminum buffered aspirins are used as
      part of the drug therapy for rheumatoid arthritis, aluminum intake can be
      elevated by 700 mg/day. Although aluminum intoxications have been reported among
      patients with reduced renal function, existing reports are not sufficient to
      estimate whether the chronic elevation of aluminum intake from drugs is causing
      adverse health effects among other patient populations.

PMID- 3839483
TI  - [Toxicity and hazards of the inhibitor DPF-1 (2-hydroxy-1,3-pro- pylene diamine
      N,N,N',N'-tetramethylene phosphonic acid)].

PMID- 3839484
TI  - A combination of pirenzepine and cimetidine: a new approach to treatment of
      duodenal ulcer in "non-responders".
AB  - Treatment of peptic ulcer in "non-responders" with the combination of pirenzepine
      and cimetidine was evaluated in a longterm study. Patients who did not respond to
      two months of treatment, first with cimetidine (1 g/day), and then pirenzepine
      (150 mg/day), were given one of these two compounds alone for 6 months or a
      combination at lower doses for 24 months. The combination of pirenzepine (75
      mg/day) and cimetidine (400 mg/day) was successful in a high percentage of cases,
      and showed fewer side effects than in the single treatment groups. The
      effectiveness of the combination treatment might be due to its more significant
      anti-secretory effects.

PMID- 3839485
TI  - Cholinergic-muscarinic receptors participate in growth hormone secretion induced
      by lysine-8-vasopressin in man.

PMID- 3839486
TI  - Assignment of human pepsinogen A locus to the q12-pter region of chromosome 11.
AB  - A 0.9kb cDNA fragment, corresponding to a large part of Rhesus monkey pepsinogen
      A mRNA, was used as probe for the chromosomal localization of the human
      pepsinogen A gene(s) using human-rodent somatic cell hybrids. Southern blot
      analysis of 14 human-Chinese hamster and three human-mouse cell hybrids, strongly
      indicates that the human PGA locus is on chromosome 11. The human-mouse hybrids,
      containing a translocation involving chromosome 11, allow sublocalization to the
      region q12-pter.

PMID- 3839487
TI  - Analysis of questionnaires completed by some participants at the 2nd
      international conjoint meeting held in June 1984 in Montreal.

PMID- 3839488
TI  - Automatic decomposition of the clinical electromyogram.

PMID- 3839489
TI  - The new international classification of retinopathy of prematurity.

PMID- 3839490
TI  - An international classification of retinopathy of prematurity.
AB  - The unifying principle underlying this classification system is: The more
      posterior the disease and the greater the amount of involved retinal vascular
      tissue, the more serious the disease. The staging of the disease at any given
      location expresses the natural history and evolution of events at the border
      between vascularized and avascular retina. The classification system is designed
      to permit the examiner full latitude in transcribing his observations so that
      they will be immediately intelligible to another examiner who may not have had
      the opportunity to examine the specific infant.

PMID- 3839491
TI  - Computerized axial tomography in the diagnosis of lumbar disc hernia.
AB  - Computerized axial tomography (C.A.T.) is a very useful method of investigation
      in the diagnosis of lumbar disc hernia. There is a high correlation with the
      operative findings and a very low incidence of false positives and negatives. The
      fact that it is a non invasive method extends its applicability to the evaluation
      and control of treatment, whether conservative, chemonucleolysis, or surgical,
      particularly in the present day medico-legal aspects of this syndrome.

PMID- 3839492
TI  - Thromboxane synthetase inhibition: potential therapy in migraine.

PMID- 3839493
TI  - Distribution and endocrine morphology of polypeptide YY (PYY) containing cells in
      the human gut.

PMID- 3839494
TI  - Tailoring of the diet for the individual in maple syrup urine disease: long-term
      home dietary treatment of an adult patient with MSUD by monitoring of daily
      intake with a personal computer. A case report.
AB  - The clinical appearance of maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is due to reduced
      activity of the enzyme branched-chain alpha keto acid decarboxylase (alpha-BCKA
      decarboxylase), thereby affecting the metabolism of the branched-chain amino
      acids (BCAA), leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val). The aim of the
      therapeutic regime in MSUD is to keep the concentration of toxic metabolites
      within individual tolerance limits. The case of a 46-year-old female patient is
      reported. Energy expenditure was calculated by recording activities and indirect
      calorimetry. Nitrogen requirement and tolerance level of BCAA were estimated
      during parenteral nutrition with stepwise increasing supply of amino acids. A
      diet was designed within these limits, and a computer program was made to assist
      the patient in keeping her diet within the estimated limits.

PMID- 3839495
TI  - Deficiency of the contact phase of intrinsic coagulation in a horse.
AB  - A 16-year-old gelding was examined because of weight loss, inappetence, and
      intermittent fever of 2 months' duration. Preliminary laboratory findings
      revealed anemia, hypoproteinemia, thrombocytopenia, and prolongation of the
      activated partial thromboplastin time. A deficiency or inhibition of coagulation
      factor XI, factor XII, or high molecular weight kininogen was diagnosed. This
      defect was not associated with a bleeding diathesis, but should be considered as
      a cause of prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time.

PMID- 3839496
TI  - Guanine-7-oxide, a novel antitumor antibiotic.
AB  - A new antibiotic, PD 113,876, was isolated from the culture broth of a
      Streptomyces sp. and was shown by X-ray diffraction analysis to be the N-7 oxide
      of guanine. This novel antimetabolite is very active in vivo against L1210
      lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3839497
TI  - Penitricin, a new class of antibiotic produced by Penicillium aculeatum. IV.
      Biosynthesis.
AB  - Bioconversion experiments using washed mycelia of Penicillium aculeatum NR 5165
      and NR 6216 revealed that penitricin (Ro 09-0804, hydroxymethylcyclopropenone)
      was biosynthesized from trans-2-butene-1,4-diol via 4-hydroxycrotonaldehyde.

PMID- 3839498
TI  - A new antifungal antibiotic, phosphazomycin A.

PMID- 3839499
TI  - Structure of a new antibiotic curromycin A produced by a genetically modified
      strain of Streptomyces hygroscopicus, a polyether antibiotic producing organism.

PMID- 3839500
TI  - Structure of a new macrolide antibiotic, X-14952B.

PMID- 3839501
TI  - Lavendomycin, a new antibiotic. I. Taxonomy, isolation and characterization.
AB  - Lavendomycin, a new basic peptide antibiotic containing novel amino acids, has
      been isolated from the culture broth of a streptomyces designated as Streptomyces
      lavendulae subsp. brasilicus. The antibiotic obtained as colorless crystals
      (C29H50N10O8, MW 666) is active against Gram-positive bacteria in vitro and in
      vivo, however, inactive against Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. An acute
      toxicity of the antibiotic in mice was LD50 greater than 2 g/kg by subcutaneous
      injection.

PMID- 3839502
TI  - Two new inhibitors of phospholipase A2 produced by Penicillium chermesinum.
      Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, structure determination and biological
      properties.
AB  - Plastatin and the known fungal metabolite, luteosporin, have been isolated from
      fermentations of Penicillium chermesinum as inhibitors of porcine pancreatic
      phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Structure 1 for plastatin was deduced from its
      spectroscopic properties. Plastatin and luteosporin inhibited pancreatic PLA2
      competitively with Ki values of 0.89 microM and 12.8 microM, respectively. PLA2
      preparations from Naja naja and Crotalus adamanteus were not significantly
      inhibited by plastatin and luteosporin.

PMID- 3839503
TI  - Laboratory evaluation of a new long-acting 3-azinomethylrifamycin FCE 22250.
AB  - FCE 22250 (3-(N-piperidinomethylazino)methylrifamycin SV) is a member of the new
      class of 3-azinomethylrifamycins characterized by a long persistance in animals,
      a good oral absorption and a broad antibacterial spectrum including mycobacteria.
      In the experimental mice infection sustained by Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv,
      FCE 22250 shows an efficacy 14 times higher than rifampicin and is still
      therapeutic when administered once every three weeks.

PMID- 3839504
TI  - Methods of analysis for infant formula: Food and Drug Administration and Infant
      Formula Council Collaborative Study.
AB  - Because the U.S. Infant Formula Act of 1980 requires manufacturers to produce
      formula containing a specific minimum amount of nutrients, it became necessary to
      establish analytical methods for the nutrients listed in the Act. The Food and
      Drug Administration, the Infant Formula Council, its member companies, contract
      laboratories, and other government laboratories undertook a collaborative study
      of available methods; the specific nutrients studied to date include vitamins A,
      B6, C, riboflavin, and niacin, and the elements calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc,
      copper, manganese, sodium, and potassium. The coefficients of variation in most
      cases have been as good as those that could be predicted from other collaborative
      studies. The methods studied for these nutrients have been adopted official first
      action except the method for vitamin A.

PMID- 3839505
TI  - Purification and NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of human thymidylate synthase
      in an overproducing transformant of mouse FM3A cells.
AB  - Human thymidylate synthase [EC 2.1.1.45] was purified to homogeneity and its NH2
      terminal amino acid sequence was determined taking advantage of the following
      facts: i) The source of the enzyme was a transformant of mouse FM3A mutant cells
      which lacks mouse thymidylate synthase but overproduces human thymidylate
      synthase. ii) The enzyme could be purified on two kinds of affinity column,
      Cibacron blue dye-bound agarose and methotrexate-bound Sepharose. iii) The enzyme
      could finally be separated from a trace of impurities by electrophoresis on
      polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. The purified human
      thymidylate synthase had a subunit with a molecular weight of 33,000, as
      determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      enzyme was subjected to Edman degradation and the NH2-terminal 24 amino acids
      were sequenced by successive use of a high-sensitivity gas-phase protein
      sequencer and high performance liquid chromatography to be as follows: Pro-Val
      Ala-Gly-Ser-Glu-Leu-Pro-Arg-Arg-Pro-Leu-Pro-Pro-Ala-Ala-Gln-Glu- Arg-Asp -Ala-Glu
      Pro-Arg-.

PMID- 3839506
TI  - The reaction of arsenite-complexed xanthine oxidase with oxygen. Evidence for an
      oxygen-reactive molybdenum center.
AB  - The effects of arsenite on the reaction of reduced xanthine oxidase with oxygen
      are determined. The kinetics of the reaction monitoring the return of enzyme
      absorbance are investigated as are the kinetics and stoichiometries of peroxide
      and superoxide formation. Although some of the effects of arsenite are
      qualitatively consistent with expectations based on the known perturbation of the
      molybdenum midpoint potentials by arsenite, several results cannot be so easily
      explained. Specifically, arsenite introduces a very rapid phase (kobs = 110 s-1
      at 125 microM oxygen) to the oxidative half-reaction which is not observed with
      the native enzyme. Arsenite also diminishes the amount of superoxide produced and
      eliminates one-electron reduced enzyme as a detectable kinetic intermediate in
      the reoxidation pathway. These differences appear to result from the ability of
      arsenite to greatly enhance the oxygen- and/or superoxide-reactivity of the
      reduced molybdenum center. This is reflected in the observation that reduced
      forms of arsenite-complexed xanthine oxidase lacking functional FAD
      (iodoacetamide-alkylated enzyme and deflavo enzyme) react relatively rapidly with
      oxygen whereas these reactions are quite slow in the absence of arsenite.

PMID- 3839507
TI  - The complete sequence of the chicken delta 1 crystallin gene and its 5' flanking
      region.
AB  - delta-Crystallin is the principal structural protein of the embryonic chicken
      lens. In the chicken, there are two linked delta-crystallin genes arranged in the
      same transcriptional polarity (5'-delta 1-delta 2-3'). Here we have sequenced the
      delta 1 crystallin gene and almost 4.3 kilobases of its 5' flanking region. The
      delta 1 gene is 7766 base pairs in length and has 17 exons. At least one lariat
      branch consensus sequence has been identified in each intron. Analysis of the
      deduced delta-crystallin protein using a program which accounts for conservative
      amino acid changes shows regions of similarity within the delta 1 amino acid
      sequence. These suggest a rough 2-fold repeat in the protein structure.

PMID- 3839508
TI  - Relationships between membrane lipid composition and biological properties of rat
      myocytes. Effects of aging and manipulation of lipid composition.
AB  - Cultures of newborn rat heart myocytes undergo major age-related alterations as
      demonstrated by comparing 5-6-day-old cells ("young cells") and 14-15-day-old
      cells ("old cells"). This includes: changes from spherical to elongated shape;
      sphingomyelin and cholesterol level/cell increase by 100% and 50%, respectively,
      while the phosphatidylcholine is reduced by 15-20% with almost no change in
      content of total phospholipids. There is a 50% increase in total protein
      content/cell while DNA content remain constant. The specific activity of seven
      marker enzymes representing most subcellular organelles is increased. Beating
      rate is reduced from 160 +/- 20 to 20 +/- 20 beats min-1. All the above age
      dependent alterations are affected by modification of cellular polar lipid
      composition. Small unilamellar vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine added to the
      growth medium of old cells serve as donor of egg phosphatidylcholine to the cells
      and as acceptor of cellular sphingomyelin and cholesterol. Sphingomyelin
      phospholipid exchange can be separated from cholesterol depletion either by using
      vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol mixtures which serve only in the
      phospholipid exchange process, or by small unilamellar vesicles of sphingomyelin
      which act only as efficient cholesterol acceptors. Such experiments indicated
      that the major response of old cells is to alteration in the phosphatidylcholine
      to sphingomyelin mole ratio, while changes in the cholesterol level induce
      smaller effects. Thus, reversal of phosphatidylcholine to sphingomyelin mole
      ratio to the values shown by young cells reverse cellular functions and features
      which were altered by cell aging to levels found in young cells. This includes:
      increase in the beating rate back to 160 +/- 20, reduction in the total protein
      level and in the specific activity per DNA content of seven marker enzymes and
      reappearance of spherical cell shape. These results suggest that membrane lipid
      composition has major influence on cellular properties which as described in the
      accompanying paper (Yechiel, E., Barenholz, Y., and Henis, Y. I. (1985) J. Biol.
      Chem. 260, 9132-9136), may be mediated through the organization and dynamics of
      the cell membranes.

PMID- 3839509
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase
      domain of the multifunctional protein uridine 5'-monophosphate synthase.
AB  - The multifunctional protein uridine 5'-monophosphate (UMP) synthase catalyzes the
      final two reactions of the de novo biosynthesis of UMP in mammalian cells by the
      sequential action of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.10) and
      orotidine 5'-monophosphate (OMP) decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.23). This protein is
      composed of one or two identical subunits; the monomer weighs of 51,500 daltons.
      UMP synthase from mouse Ehrlich ascites cells can exist as three distinct species
      as determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation: a 3.6 S monomer, a 5.1
      S dimer, and a 5.6 S conformationally altered dimer. Limited digestion of each of
      these three species with trypsin produced a 28,500-dalton peptide that was
      relatively resistant to further proteolysis. The peptide appears to be one of the
      two enzyme domains of UMP synthase for it retained only OMP decarboxylase
      activity. Similar results were obtained when UMP synthase was digested with
      elastase. OMP decarboxylase activity was less stable for the domain than for UMP
      synthase; the domain can rapidly lose activity upon storage or upon dilution. The
      size of the mammalian OMP decarboxylase domain is similar to that of yeast OMP
      decarboxylase. If the polypeptides which are cleaved from UMP synthase by trypsin
      are derived exclusively from either the amino or the carboxyl end of UMP
      synthase, then the size of a fragment possessing the orotate
      phosphoribosyltransferase domain could be as large as 23,000 daltons which is
      similar in size to the orotate phosphoribosyltransferase of yeast and of
      Escherichia coli.

PMID- 3839510
TI  - Phosphorylation of smooth muscle myosin at two distinct sites by myosin light
      chain kinase.
AB  - The 20,000-dalton light chain of turkey gizzard myosin is phosphorylated at two
      sites. Dual phosphorylation is observed when both intact myosin and isolated
      light chains are used as substrates. Phosphorylation of the second site is not
      observed at higher ionic strength (e.g. 0.35 M KCl). The first phosphorylation
      site (serine 19) is phosphorylated preferentially to the second site. The latter
      is phosphorylated more slowly than the first site, and its phosphorylation
      requires relatively high concentrations of myosin light chain kinase. It is
      suggested that myosin light chain kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of both
      sites on the light chain, and several reasons are cited that make it unlikely
      that a contaminant kinase is involved. The second phosphorylation site is a
      threonine residue. Based on the results of limited proteolysis of the light
      chain, it is concluded that the threonine residue is close to serine 19, and
      possible locations are threonines 9, 10, and 18. At all concentrations of MgCl2,
      phosphorylation of the second site markedly increases the actin-activated ATPase
      activity of myosin and accelerates the superprecipitation response of myosin plus
      actin.

PMID- 3839511
TI  - Assay methods for 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in human urine. Comparison of
      chromatographic techniques with radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography-negative
      ion chemical-ionization mass spectrometry.
AB  - 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) in human urine is considered to
      be a reflection of renal prostacyclin production. Because of the large amounts of
      unidentified eicosanoid metabolites in urine that may potentially bind to 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha antisera, most radioimmunoassays include chromatographic purification
      of urine. A comparison of chromatographic techniques and of antisera to 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha for the assay of human urine is described. Gas chromatography-
      negative-ion chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (GC--NICI-MS) was used as the
      reference method. Radioimmunoassays were performed with each of four antisera
      combined with each of three chromatographic purification systems (silicic acid,
      Sephadex LH-20, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography). There was
      marked variability in the results; however, there was at least one
      chromatographic method for each antiserum that yielded results comparable to GC-
      NICI-MS. Direct radioimmunoassay of urine without chromatography yielded markedly
      elevated and variable results for the four antisera. In contrast, the four
      antisera gave very similar results with direct assay of media from isolated
      perfused organs. Thus, for the radioimmunoassay of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in human
      urine, each antiserum is sensitive to different contaminants in urine and must be
      individually matched to a chromatographic purification system.

PMID- 3839512
TI  - Androgen receptors influence the production of pulmonary surfactant in the
      testicular feminization mouse fetus.
AB  - A sexual dimorphism in fetal pulmonary maturation has been described in which the
      female fetal lung produces surfactant earlier in gestation than the male fetal
      lung. This is felt to be related to the increased incidence in male newborns of
      the Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Dihydrotestosterone will delay surfactant
      production in the female fetus, and a relationship between fetal sexual
      differentiation and fetal lung maturation has been proposed. We hypothesized that
      the dimorphism in fetal surfactant production is dependent on androgen receptor
      function. We measured phosphatidylcholine (PC), saturated phosphatidylcholine
      (SPC), and sphingomyelin (S) in the amniotic fluid of fetal mice of the mouse
      model of testicular feminization (Tfm mouse). In this model, male carriers of the
      X-linked Tfm gene have no functional androgen receptors. The mean amniotic fluid
      phosphatidylcholine to sphingomyelin ratio (PC/S ratio) was 28% higher in females
      than in normal males, and the amniotic fluid PC/S ratio of the Tfm male fetuses
      was the same as the females. The ratio of amniotic fluid saturated
      phosphatidylcholine to sphingomyelin (SPC/S ratio) was lowest in males,
      intermediate in females, and highest in Tfm males. A significant relationship
      between the fetal groups and the amniotic fluid SPC/S ratio was identified by
      analysis of variance. There were no differences in the whole lung phospholipid
      content between the three groups. To substantiate the effect of androgen
      receptors, dihydrotestosterone was injected into pregnant carriers of the Tfm
      mutation, 2.5 mg/d from day 10 of gestation through the day of sacrifice. The
      amniotic fluid PC/S ratio was decreased in the female fetuses (consisting of both
      homozygous normal and heterozygous carriers of the Tfm gene), but not in the Tfm
      male fetuses. The overall result was no significant difference between the male
      and female amniotic fluid PC/S ratio while the Tfm amniotic fluid PC/S ratio
      remained at the level of the untreated females. We conclude that androgens affect
      fetal lung development via a mechanism dependent on the presence of androgen
      receptors.

PMID- 3839513
TI  - Utilization of local first aiders in the provision of health care for prisoners
      by the International Committee of the Red Cross in Nicaragua.
AB  - The results of a time study and the preliminary collection of morbidity data in
      rural prisons of Nicaragua prompted the medical delegate of the International
      Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to outline an assistance program based on three
      principles: (a) that the system be in line with the projects of the national
      health agencies; (b) that locally recruited and trained health workers become the
      primary directors of health care in prisons; and (c) that the medical delegate of
      the ICRC act as advisor to the local health workers.

PMID- 3839514
TI  - Protein sources evaluated for ruminating Holstein calves.
AB  - Fifty calves were fed a basal diet of 11.6% crude protein or one of four diets
      (15.5% crude protein) containing added soybean meal, corn gluten meal, cottonseed
      meal, or fish meal. Diets were calculated 75% total digestible nutrients. Body
      weight gain increased an average of 17% with added protein. Fish meal and soybean
      meal generated highest rates of gain. Ruminal ammonia-nitrogen was higher for
      soybean meal and cottonseed meal than other diets, indicating greater rates of
      degradability. Molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids were not different
      among diets, but concentration was lower for fish meal. Serum urea nitrogen was
      lowest for the basal and fish meal diets. Microbial nitrogen in the abomasum was
      33.6% of total nitrogen for corn gluten meal and 42.8% for soybean meal. Apparent
      dry matter and nitrogen digestibilities were greater for corn gluten meal and
      fish meal diets than for soybean meal or cottonseed meal diets. Rumen
      degradability of feedstuffs, as determined by dacron bag technique, ranged from
      38.1% for corn gluten meal to 71.3% for soybean meal. Degradability of mixed
      diets reflected those of the protein supplement present in each diet except for
      diet containing cottonseed meal. Fish meal and soybean meal were better protein
      sources for growth of ruminating calves than were corn gluten meal or cottonseed
      meal.

PMID- 3839515
TI  - Health plan selection in the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program.
AB  - A survey of over 8,500 employees of the U.S. Department of Health and Human
      Services (DHHS) during the May 1982 open season, supplemented by enrollment data
      for all DHHS employees enrolled in the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program
      (FEHBP), was used to study insurance plan selection when multiple fee-for-service
      options as well as HMOs are available. There is evidence of biased selection of
      health risks in the FEHBP, yet historically the program has exhibited
      considerable stability. The stability may be attributable partly to control over
      entry and over changes in benefits and premiums and partly to inertia on the part
      of enrollees. In spite of large changes in relative premiums and benefits, only
      21 percent of all enrollees in the DHHS switched plans during the May 1982 open
      season. Those employees who did switch plans astutely identified bargains; on
      average they lowered their annual contribution to premium by almost 40 percent
      while maintaining the level of benefits. Insurance plans offering relatively
      generous coverage of a particular service attract a disproportionately high share
      of enrollees who expect substantial use of that service. The extent of adverse or
      beneficial selection into HMOs depends on the price and the comprehensiveness of
      benefits of each available fee-for-service option.

PMID- 3839516
TI  - Campylobacter infection in urban and rural populations in Scotland.
AB  - A review of campylobacter infection in Scotland over five years (1978-82), during
      which 7808 human isolates were recorded (mean annual isolation rate of 30 per
      100000), revealed differences in the epidemiology of the disease between rural
      and urban populations which were not apparent in the national data. The incidence
      of infection in the two rural areas studied was greatest in the early months of
      the year, whereas that in the two urban areas showed a third-quarter
      predominance. In both urban and rural populations, age-specific infection rates
      were highest in children less than 5 years old, but this trend was more
      pronounced in rural than urban populations. Conversely, secondary peaks in age
      specific infection rates observed in young adults were more pronounced in the
      urban than rural populations. It is postulated that rural children were being
      infected by campylobacters at an early age by drinking contaminated raw milk
      which was not normally available to city residents. The lower incidence in adults
      in the rural populations is interpreted as indicating more widespread immunity,
      resulting from greater exposure to infection during childhood. The effect of
      compulsory heat treatment of milk sold in Scotland, introduced in August 1983, is
      currently being studied.

PMID- 3839518
TI  - Educational software: evaluation? No! Utility? Yes!

PMID- 3839517
TI  - [Pregnancy following removal and chemotherapy of malignant mixed germ cell tumor
      of the ovary].

PMID- 3839519
TI  - A convenient six-point blood sampling schedule for determining whole body
      cholesterol kinetics in humans.
AB  - Parameters of total body cholesterol metabolism in humans can be determined by
      using a three-pool model to analyze the turnover of plasma cholesterol following
      the injection of radiolabeled cholesterol. In the past this required a rigorous
      schedule of approximately 36 blood samples over a 10-month period. We have
      developed a convenient sampling schedule involving only six large samples, each
      analyzed in sextuplicate. Such a reduction in the frequency of samples is
      possible only when considerable confidence in the model is available. In general,
      the simplified sampling strategy depends upon considerable prior experience with
      the model, only moderate biological error, and estimatable subject to subject
      variation in model parameters. Because the timing of the samples is critical and
      because the optimal times will differ for different subjects, the six-point
      strategy involves using the first three samples (drawn at days 1, 7, and 24 or,
      for hypercholesterolemic subjects, at days 1, 8, and 28) in conjunction with
      results from previous studies to set the time for the next sample; the process is
      reiterated for the last two points. In this study, we have compared parameter
      estimates obtained by the new six-point schedule with those obtained
      simultaneously (in the same, single turnover study) by the old 36-point schedule
      in the same 26 subjects. Both schedules gave comparable values. In particular,
      the coefficients of variation between values obtained by the two methods for each
      of the four parameters for which we have developed predictive equations were
      quite low: PR 1.5%, M1 4.1%, M3min 13%, Mtot min 4.3%. The simplified six-point
      schedule makes it feasible to study long-term cholesterol turnover in substantial
      numbers of patients.

PMID- 3839520
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein gene.
AB  - A cDNA library was prepared from poly(A)+ RNA extracted from respiratory
      syncytial (RS) virus-infected HEp-2 cells. A recombinant plasmid, pRSP68,
      encoding the RS virus phosphoprotein gene was identified by translation in vitro
      of hybrid-selected mRNA. The cloned cDNA insert of 1 kb was sequenced and a
      polypeptide of 241 amino acids with a molecular weight of 27 166 was deduced from
      the sequence. The protein was relatively rich in polar amino acids and devoid of
      both cysteine and tryptophan. A second short open reading frame with a coding
      potential of 65 amino acids was identified and overlapped the 3' terminus of the
      phosphoprotein gene by 34 bases.

PMID- 3839521
TI  - CSF sulfoconjugated catecholamines in man: their relationship with plasma
      catecholamines.
AB  - Simultaneous plasma and cerebrospinal free and sulfoconjugated norepinephrine,
      epinephrine, dopamine and homovanillic acid determinations in 38 patients with
      various neurological disorders have shown consistently lower concentrations of
      dopamine sulfate, norepinephrine sulfate, and epinephrine sulfate in the
      cerebrospinal fluid than in plasma. An approximately three fold increase of
      plasma dopamine sulfate concentrations following banana ingestion did not result
      in increased dopamine sulfate concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid. There were
      positive correlations between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of
      free norepinephrine and epinephrine as well as norepinephrine sulfate, dopamine
      sulfate and free homovanillic acid. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma are apparently
      separated by the blood-brain barrier impermeable to catecholamine sulfates from
      the blood. Some other data and the observed positive correlation between
      cerebrospinal fluid and plasma dopamine and norepinephrine sulfates suggests
      however that catecholamine sulfates may pass from cerebrospinal fluid to the
      blood and reflect events in the brain.

PMID- 3839522
TI  - Distribution of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity and its relationship to FMRF
      amide-like immunoreactivity in the sixth lumbar and first sacral spinal cord
      segments of the rat.
AB  - The present study was aimed at describing the distribution of neuropeptide Y
      (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in the sixth lumbar (L6) and first sacral segments
      (S1) of the rat spinal cord, comparing this distribution to that of FMRF-amide
      like immunoreactivity and determining whether NPY- and FMRF-amide-like
      immunoreactivities are present in the same neurons in the dorsal gray commissure
      (DGC) in L6 and S1 of the rat spinal cord. For distribution studies tissue from
      colchicine-treated animals was processed according to the peroxidase
      antiperoxidase technique using anti-NPY as the primary antiserum. For co
      localization studies serial 5-micron sections were processed for
      immunofluorescence. Adjacent sections were incubated with either anti-NPY or anti
      FMRF-amide as the primary antiserum. The number of immunoreactive cells per
      section was counted and each section was photographed. The sections were then
      restained with the other antiserum (i.e., tissue first stained with anti-NPY was
      stained with anti-FMRF-amide and vice versa), the number of cells per section was
      recounted, and the sections were rephotographed. NPY-like immunoreactive cells
      and fibers were identified in the DGC, sacral parasympathetic nucleus, substantia
      gelatinosa, marginal zone, nucleus proprius, and ventral horn. Every cell in the
      DGC that contained NPY-like immunoreactivity was found also to contain FMRF-amide
      like immunoreactivity, and the distribution of NPY-like immunoreactive fibers was
      found to be similar, although denser than FMRF-amide-like immunoreactive fibers.
      The distribution of NPY-like immunoreactivity in L6 and S1 of the rat spinal cord
      suggests that an NPY-like peptide may be involved in regulation of pelvic
      viscera, processing of primary afferent information, and motor regulation of
      pelvic muscles. The presence of NPY- and FMRF-amide-like immunoreactivities in
      the same neurons in the DGC together with the lack of bona fide FMRF-amide in the
      rat central nervous system, the presence of NPY in the rat central nervous
      system, and the cross-reactivity of anti-FMRF-amide with NPY support the
      hypothesis that the FMRF-amide antiserum recognizes an NPY-like peptide in the
      rat spinal cord.

PMID- 3839523
TI  - Comparison of the distributions of ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting
      corticocortical neurons in cat visual cortex using two fluorescent tracers.
AB  - Using the retrograde fluorescent tracers Fast Blue and Diamidino Yellow we have
      studied the callosal and ipsilateral corticocortical connections between the
      cat's area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian visual
      area (PMLS), as well as the callosal connections of each of these regions with
      its contralateral homologue. The main goal was to determine whether single
      cortical neurons project with branching axons to more than one cortical target.
      In addition, the double-labeling technique enabled us to examine, within a single
      section of cortical tissue, the relative distributions of neurons with different
      cortical targets. Most corticocortical neurons labeled in the area 17/18 border
      region and in area PMLS projected to only one of the cortical injection sites
      tested. When two callosal neuron types were labeled in the same area, no double
      labeled neurons were found. When ipsilateral corticocortical and callosal neurons
      were labeled in combination, a few double-labeled neurons were found in both
      cortical regions examined. The most common type of double-labeled neuron was
      located in area PMLS and projected bilaterally to the area 17/18 border region.
      Our findings regarding the laminar distributions of ipsi- and contralaterally
      projecting neurons are in agreement with previous studies. In addition, we have
      found that, for callosal neurons within the upper layers of areas 17 and 18,
      neurons projecting to the contralateral area 17/18 border are located in the
      lower half of layer II/III and in upper layer IV, whereas neurons projecting to
      contralateral area PMLS are restricted to the lower portion of layer II/III. In
      addition, for callosal neurons within the deep layers of area PMLS, neurons
      projecting to contralateral area PMLS are located throughout layers V and VI,
      whereas neurons projecting to the contralateral area 17/18 border are restricted
      to layer VI. There are numerous other possible targets for axon collaterals not
      examined in this paper. However, the scarcity of neurons with multiple
      projections demonstrated in this study reflects the high degree of specificity of
      cortical connectivity. This anatomical organization may be the basis for a
      precise channeling of differential information at the single neuron level.

PMID- 3839524
TI  - On the mechanism of acetylcholine receptor accumulation at newly formed synapses
      on chick myotubes.
AB  - We have examined the specificity and the mechanism of acetylcholine receptor
      (AChR) accumulation at embryonic chick nerve-muscle contacts that form in
      culture. Spinal cord motoneurons were identified in vitro after labeling them in
      vivo with Lucifer Yellow-wheat germ agglutinin conjugates. All of their processes
      induced receptor clusters on contacted myotubes; after 24 to 48 hr of co-culture,
      the incidence of neurite-associated receptor patches (NARPs) was approximately
      1.2/100 microns of contact. In contrast, NARPs were rarely associated with spinal
      cord interneurons (approximately 0.1/100 microns of contact). Neurons dissociated
      from ciliary ganglia induce NARPS to the same extent as motoneurons. The relative
      contribution to NARPs of AChRs present in the membrane prior to plating ciliary
      ganglion neurons and of "new" AChRs inserted 8, 11, or 17 hr after addition of
      neurons was assessed with two fluorescent receptor probes. Rhodamine-conjugated
      alpha-bungarotoxin was used to label either old or new receptors; a monoclonal,
      anti-receptor antibody visualized with fluorescein-second antibody was used to
      label all (new and old) receptors. Analysis of digitized fluorescence images
      showed that NARPs contained both new and old receptors but that within the first
      24 hr of co-culture the majority (60 to 80%) were new. We estimate that
      cholinergic neurites increase the rate of receptor insertion 4- to 5-fold during
      the first 8 hr of NARP formation. The contribution of new receptors to NARPs
      declines with time. After 3 days of co-culture, receptors inserted over an 8-hr
      interval comprised only 20% of the total NARP complement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3839525
TI  - Beagle puppy model of perinatal cerebral infarction. Acute changes in cerebral
      blood flow and metabolism during hemorrhagic hypotension.
AB  - Asphyxia, with its attendant hypotension, is by far the most common cause of
      neonatal cerebral infarction and frequently results in lesions of the parieto
      occipital white matter. This study examines the effects of hypotension on
      regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU),
      and serum prostaglandin levels in newborn beagle pups. The animals (24 to 96
      hours old) were anesthetized, tracheotomized, and paralyzed. Pups were randomly
      divided into two groups: one was subjected to hemorrhagic hypotension and the
      other received no insult. Hypotension was induced by slow venous hemorrhage to
      maintain a mean arterial blood pressure of 20 to 30 mm Hg. Autoradiographic
      determinations of LCGU using carbon-14 (14C)-2-deoxyglucose were performed 45
      minutes after randomization to groups. Autoradiographic determinations of CBF
      were performed using 14C-iodoantipyrine on a second group of pups 15 minutes
      after randomization. Prostaglandins were measured immediately before and 15
      minutes after insult or control manipulation. There were no significant
      differences in the values for thromboxane B2 or 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha,
      the stable breakdown products of thromboxane A2, and prostacyclin. Prostaglandin
      E2 levels significantly increased in response to hemorrhagic hypotensive insult.
      In addition, although regional CBF was maintained in cortical and central gray
      matter structures during hypotension, CBF to the periventricular temporal and
      parietal white matter zones significantly decreased, and LCGU was increased in
      these same regions during hypotensive insult. The uncoupling of CBF and
      metabolism in these periventricular white matter regions may be responsible for
      the neuropathological sequelae of perinatal asphyxia.

PMID- 3839526
TI  - The effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on the changes of bone gamma
      carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein in bone and serum of developing chick.
AB  - The effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol(1,25-(OH)2-D3) injection into
      developing chick embryos on bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein
      (BGP) levels in bone and serum were observed in relation to those on calcium
      metabolism using chick embryos and chicks aged from 13 days' incubation to 7 days
      of age. Chick BGP was determined by radioimmunoassay using antiserum to purified
      chick BGP. The injection of 1,25-(OH)2-D3 into the developing chick embryos of 13
      days' incubation resulted in the increases of bone BGP levels at hatching and at
      2 days of age. However, the distribution of bone BGP at hatching was not
      influenced by 1,25-(OH)2-D3. On the other hand, serum BGP levels were
      significantly increased by 1,25-(OH)2-D3 at 14, 15, 18 days' incubation and at 2
      days of age. The early changes of serum BGP levels after 1,25-(OH)2-D3 treatment
      were correlated with the increases of serum calcium concentrations and the
      decreases of inorganic phosphorus concentrations. These results suggest that 1,25
      (OH)2-D3 may directly or indirectly mediate BGP synthesis or secretion associated
      with calcium metabolism.

PMID- 3839527
TI  - Bacteriostatic qualities of human milk.
AB  - A practical concern of the working mother is the bacteriostatic quality of human
      milk over time without benefit of refrigeration. Therefore, quantitative cultures
      of human milk stored at room temperature were performed at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 24
      hours after expression. Milk from 10 mothers less than six days postpartum
      (colostrum) and from 10 mothers 7 to 42 weeks postpartum (mature milk) was
      studied. The number of colony-forming units per milliliter of milk cultured at 0
      time did not significantly increase in mature milk after 6 hours nor in colostrum
      after 24 hours of storage at room temperature. Thus, mothers who express milk for
      their own infants while at work may assume that the bacterial contamination of
      their milk will not increase significantly for up to but no longer than 6 hours
      after expression, even if they have no access to refrigeration.

PMID- 3839528
TI  - Accumulation of galactose-1-phosphate in the galactosemic fetus despite maternal
      milk avoidance.

PMID- 3839529
TI  - Bayesian estimation and prediction of clearance in high-dose methotrexate
      infusions.
AB  - Much attention has been paid to the problem of estimating the pharmacokinetic
      parameters of individual patients in order to optimize dosage choices. Individual
      kinetics determined by test-dose bolus injection are a basis for predicting drug
      concentrations after high-dose methotrexate infusion and for computing
      appropriate dosages. Simplifications may be attempted, even allowing the test
      dose to be omitted by using Bayesian estimation rather than likelihood
      estimation. To individualize pharmacokinetic parameters, Bayesian estimation
      combines information about population characteristics and those of individuals
      based on few measured plasma levels during high-dose infusion. Application of
      this procedure to methotrexate reveals interesting predictive performances and
      ability to handle variation due to intraindividual time variability without using
      test doses. The methodology promises to be more efficient in computing dosages in
      order to avoid toxic levels and will be less expensive in routine clinical use.

PMID- 3839530
TI  - STRITERFIT, a least-squares pharmacokinetic curve-fitting package using a
      programmable calculator.
AB  - A program is described that permits iterative least-squares nonlinear regression
      fitting of polyexponential curves using the Hewlett Packard HP 41 CV programmable
      calculator. The program enables the analysis of pharmacokinetic drug level
      profiles with a high degree of precision. Up to 15 data pairs can be used, and
      initial estimates of curve parameters are obtained with a stripping procedure. Up
      to four exponential terms can be accommodated by the program, and there is the
      option of weighting data according to their reciprocals. Initial slopes cannot be
      forced through zero. The program may be interrupted at any time in order to
      examine convergence.

PMID- 3839531
TI  - Dependence of solute solubility parameters on solvent polarity.
AB  - In nonpolar solvents a solute may self-associate through polar interactions,
      exposing its nonpolar surface to a solvent with a low solubility parameter, delta
      1. In polar solvents a solute is solvated, presumably, by the polar groups of the
      solvent. This "chameleonic" effect results in different solubility parameters for
      a solute, depending on the polarity of the solvent. This report presents data for
      solute solubility parameters in solvents of variable polarity and gives
      suggestions for dealing with the chameleonic effect associated with solute
      solvent interaction.

PMID- 3839532
TI  - [Fungal mycotic aneurysms and multiple cerebral abscesses caused by Scedosporium
      apiospermum. Apropos of a case with review of the literature].
AB  - The authors report a case of intracranial fungal aneurysm and brain abscesses.
      The compromised host was a young drowned woman. Scedosporium Apiospermum was
      isolated in fungal culture from abscess. Radiological and clinical pictures are
      typical of the hyphal form.

PMID- 3839533
TI  - Albumin is required to support the acrosome reaction but not capacitation in
      mouse spermatozoa in vitro.
AB  - Albumin was required specifically for penetration of the zona pellucida (less
      than 10% of eggs fertilized in the absence of albumin), but was not required for
      capacitation. A similar rate of capacitation was observed in the presence of
      albumin at concentrations ranging from 30 to 1 mg/ml, while a slightly slower
      rate was observed in the presence of 0.25 and 0.1 mg albumin/ml. In the absence
      of albumin, capacitation occurred at a rate which lagged behind that of the
      albumin-incubated counterparts by about 30 min; once capacitated, the addition of
      albumin promoted rapid sperm penetration. In albumin-free media (+/- the
      macromolecule PVA), sperm motility was frequently reduced, with fewer cells
      exhibiting hyperactivated motility, but improvements were observed after
      introduction of albumin. Acrosome loss was significantly lower in the absence of
      albumin, but within 5 min of its addition at concentrations ranging from 30 to
      0.1 mg/ml to capacitated sperm suspensions, acrosome loss was stimulated and
      reached levels similar to those seen in control samples. Therefore, albumin can
      trigger the acrosome reaction in capacitated spermatozoa. It appears to act by
      assisting in the removal of a surface-associated inhibitory component, the
      presence of which stabilizes the sperm membranes and inhibits the acrosome
      reaction.

PMID- 3839535
TI  - The clinician and the laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases: a
      symposium.

PMID- 3839534
TI  - The role of uterine luminal fluid in uterine contractions, sperm transport and
      fertility of rats.
AB  - The role of accumulated intrauterine fluid in rats at oestrus was investigated by
      experimentally altering the fluid volume in 106 rats. Complete evacuation of
      uterine fluid or low natural fluid volume did not significantly reduce the number
      of embryos on Day 10 of pregnancy overall. Transuterine (but not transcervical)
      sperm transport was reduced by uterine fluid removal, but did not vary
      significantly with naturally occurring variations in fluid content. Irrespective
      of fluid content, transuterine sperm transport was, on average, greater in right
      than left horns. Distensible balloons inserted into the uterus indicated that
      increasing and decreasing volume increased and decreased respectively myometrial
      activity at oestrus and dioestrus. Left horns contracted less frequently than did
      right horns at low volumes. While uterine fluid volume clearly affected uterine
      contractility and transuterine sperm transport, we were unable to demonstrate a
      major role of fluid for fertility.

PMID- 3839536
TI  - Familial "hashitoxic' periodic paralysis.
AB  - Four members of a Chinese family who had thyrotoxicosis and periodic paralysis
      are described. Two of these patients had "hashitoxicosis' (Graves' disease and
      Hashimoto's thyroiditis) as evidenced by the presence of thyroid antibodies in
      addition to elevated thyroxine (T4) levels. The other two patients were not
      available for testing. The association of the familial occurrence of
      "hashitoxicosis' and periodic paralysis does not appear to have been reported
      previously.

PMID- 3839537
TI  - Low dose 131I in treatment of Graves' disease.

PMID- 3839538
TI  - 1984 A.A.S.T. presidential address: medical education and the trauma surgeon--the
      role of the A.A.S.T.

PMID- 3839539
TI  - Trace elements in Thai breast milk and infant formulas.

PMID- 3839540
TI  - Treatment of infantile diarrhoea with standard oral rehydration solution and
      early introduction of milk feeds.

PMID- 3839541
TI  - The effect of molsidomine on intramyocardial pressure and regional myocardial
      blood flow in the canine ischemic myocardium.
AB  - Molsidomine was administered intraduodenally to anesthetized dogs which were
      instrumented for measurements of aortic and left ventricular (LV) pressures,
      coronary perfusion pressure, intramyocardial pressure in the subendocardium, and
      subendocardial and subepicardial myocardial blood flow in the ischemic and non
      ischemic regions. The dogs were divided into two groups: group M (n = 9) was
      administered molsidomine (0.2 mg/kg), group S (n = 10), saline only. Maximum LV
      systolic pressure decline was 20% in group M and 3% in group S (p less than
      0.05). Maximum LV end-diastolic pressure decline was 63% and 35% in groups M and
      S, respectively (p less than 0.05). There was no difference between mean aortic
      pressure and coronary perfusion pressure between the two groups. The
      subepicardial blood flow in the ischemic region was decreased (-23% in group M vs
      5% in group S; p less than 0.05), but subendocardial blood flow in the ischemic
      region increased only slightly in group M. The ratio of subendocardial to
      subepicardial blood flow increased at 15 and 30 min after administration of
      molsidomine in the ischemic area (67% in group M vs -10% in group S; p less than
      0.05), but did not show any change in the non-ischemic region. Intramyocardial
      pressure at systole did not show any change but it decreased at end-diastole, (
      32% in group M vs -7% in group S; p less than 0.05). Thus molsidomine
      redistributed the myocardial blood flow from the subepicardium to the
      subendocardium and from the non-ischemic to the ischemic region. This
      redistribution was associated with a reduction in both LV end-diastolic pressure
      and intramyocardial pressure at end-diastole.

PMID- 3839542
TI  - The effect of cimetidine on natural killer activity of peripheral blood
      lymphocytes of patients with ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - The effect of cimetidine on the natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood
      lymphocytes (PBL) of 32 patients with ovarian carcinoma was studied before and
      after surgery or chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in the NK
      activity between normal healthy women and patients who had been disease-free for
      more than a year after initial surgery, while those in patients with a large
      residual tumor after surgery were profoundly suppressed. Cimetidine stimulated
      the NK activity in the disease-free patients in vivo or in vitro. In addition,
      cimetidine augmented the response to phytohemagglutinin of PBL from the disease
      free patients. The NK activity of PBL of patients with a large residual tumor
      under chemotherapy consisting of cisplatinum, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide,
      "CAP," was about half of that before initiation of chemotherapy. The inhibition
      of the NK activity by chemotherapy was abrogated by in vitro exposure of the PBL
      to cimetidine.

PMID- 3839543
TI  - [Enhancement of resistance to microbial infection].

PMID- 3839544
TI  - [Limitation of disorders of the contractile function of the nonischemic areas of
      the myocardium during infarct by using the delta-sleep peptide and its cyclic
      derivative].
AB  - The effect of pretreatment with delta-sleep peptide (DSP) and its cyclic analogue
      (cDSP) on right-atrial myocardial distensibility and contractility disturbances
      in left-ventricular infarction (according to Selye) was studied in Wistar rats.
      These peptides, administered in a 20 micrograms/kg dose, 1 hour before the
      induction of experimental infarction, significantly limited the infarct-related
      depression of atrial distensibility and contractility, and also reduced atrial
      resistance to hypoxia and excessive calcium. Since infarction-associated
      disorders of myocardial structure and function in non-ischemic regions of the
      heart are due to the emotional-painful stress that accompanies the infarction, it
      can be assumed that the protective effect of DSP and cDSP consists in limiting
      the stress-induced response.

PMID- 3839546
TI  - [Endogastric lymphocytic lymphosarcoma simulating a chronic callous gastric
      ulcer].

PMID- 3839545
TI  - Effects of vitamin D on renal handling of calcium, magnesium and phosphate in the
      hamster.
AB  - The effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the renal handling of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg),
      and phosphate (Pi) in the thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) hamster were studied
      in the presence of exogenous PTH. Clearance experiments were performed in the
      following groups: acutely TPTX animals (group 1), acute TPTX plus continuous
      infusion of PTH in low or high doses sufficient to (1) reduce or (2) abolish the
      hypocalcemic effect of TPTX (groups 2 and 3, respectively), and acute TPTX plus
      Ca (group 4) or Pi (group 5) infusion. Each group was subdivided into control and
      experimental subgroups. In all animals an initial control phase was followed by a
      second phase in which experimental animals received an infusion of 1,25(OH)2D3 (1
      U prime + 0.5 U/hr) while control animals received only the ethanol vehicle. GFR
      and urine flow rate, were not altered significantly in any of the groups. PCa and
      PMg increased significantly in group 3 only. Group 2 showed an increase in FECa
      (5.2 +/- 1.4 to 13.2 +/ 2.2%, P less than 0.001) and FEMg (7.3 +/- 1.3 to 17.3 +/
      2.2%, P less than 0.001) in response to 1,25(OH)2D3. Group 3 showed a
      significant increase in FEMg only (2.2 +/- 0.4 to 5.5 +/- 1.0%, P less than
      0.01). The changes in the control groups were not significant. The administration
      of 1,25(OH)2D3 reduced phosphate excretion only in the presence of PTH. The FEPi
      decreased from 11.9 +/- 2.1 to 3.6 +/- 0.9% (P less than 0.001) in group 2 and
      29.2 +/- 4.0 to 16.5 +/- 2.5% (P less than 0.02) in group 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3839547
TI  - Diagnostic exercise: lymphoproliferative disorder in a ferret.

PMID- 3839548
TI  - The role of thromboxane in primate endotoxin shock.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested an important role of thromboxane (Tx) in the
      pathogenesis of endotoxin shock in the rat. The present study evaluated the role
      of thromboxane in an LD70 primate model of endotoxin shock by administering 6
      mg/kg of endotoxin to three groups of animals that were pretreated with either
      saline (5 ml), OKY 1581 (2 mg/kg, 10 min prior), or imidazole (25 mg/kg/hr
      starting 30 min prior), groups I, II, and III, respectively. There were
      significant differences between the groups with respect to changes in MAP, PAP,
      and CO. OKY 1581 effectively blocked endotoxin-induced increase in plasma Tx.
      However, as a result of shunting of the endoperoxides into the prostacyclin
      pathway, there was a greater increase in plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha, the stable
      hydrolysis product of prostacyclin. Imidazole augmented the formation of both
      prostacyclin and Tx. Despite the differences in plasma prostanoids, there was no
      difference between the groups with respect to changes in platelet or WBC counts,
      nor in survival: I (4/10); II (4/10); III (2/6). CONCLUSIONS: (i) endotoxin
      induced neutropenia and decrease in the platelet count are not Tx mediated; (ii)
      Tx is not solely responsible for the decrease in CO during endotoxin shock; (iii)
      it is possible to prevent endotoxin-induced increase in the PAP by either
      blocking Tx formation or by increasing endogenous PGI2 production; and (iv) Tx
      may not be a major contributing factor in the mortality of endotoxin shock in
      baboons.

PMID- 3839549
TI  - Arguments against and alternatives for an extracellular surfactant layer in the
      alveoli of mammalian lung.
AB  - It is generally believed that lung alveoli contain an extracellular aqueous layer
      of surfactant material, which is allegedly required to prevent alveolar collapse
      at small lung volume; the surfactant's major constituent is a fully saturated
      phospholipid, referred to as dipalmitoyl lecithin or DPL. I herein demonstrate
      that the surfactant hypothesis of alveolar stability is fundamentally wrong.
      Although DPL is synthesized inside type II epithelial cells and stored in the
      typical inclusion bodies therein and lowers surface tension to zero in the
      surface balance, there is no evidence to the effect that type II cells secrete
      the DPL surfactant into the aqueous intra-alveolar layer which is shown by
      electron microscopy in support of the surfactant theory. To the contrary, all the
      evidence indicates that, when seen, such an extracellular layer is an artifact.
      This is probably upon the damage glutaraldehyde inflicts onto alveolar structures
      during fixation of air-inflated lung tissue. Furthermore, several cogent
      arguments invalidate the belief that an extracellular layer of DPL and serum
      proteins is present in the alveoli of normal lung. In light of these arguments, a
      surface tension role of DPL in alveolar stability is excluded. Three hypotheses
      for an alternative role of DPL in respiration mechanics are proposed. They are:
      (a) alveolar clearance by viscolytic and surfactant action (bubble or foam
      formation) on the aqueous systems which are present in lung alveoli during edema
      and in prenatal life and which would otherwise be impervious to air; (b)
      homeostasis of blood palmitate in normal lung; (c) modulation of the elasticity
      of terminal lung tissue by the intact inclusion bodies and parts thereof inside
      type II cells in normal lung.

PMID- 3839550
TI  - Role of gain programming in the voluntary movement of the human forearm.

PMID- 3839551
TI  - Real-time digital-filter-based data-acquisition system for the detection of
      neural signals.

PMID- 3839552
TI  - Digital filtering of physiological signals with minimal distortion.

PMID- 3839553
TI  - Data acquisition from an electronic particle counter using a minicomputer.

PMID- 3839554
TI  - [Consumption, diet habits and nutritional status of the population of Reus (III):
      distribution, by age and sex, of the consumption of milk, milk products, visible
      vegetable fats and vegetables].

PMID- 3839555
TI  - [SARA and Ureaplasma urealyticum].

PMID- 3839556
TI  - Statistical approaches in toxicology: the use of factorial designs and
      multivariate methods.

PMID- 3839557
TI  - Comparison of the effects of neuropeptide Y and adrenergic transmitters on LH
      release and food intake in male rats.
AB  - In view of the recent demonstrations that Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and adrenergic
      transmitters coexist in neurons of the rat brain, we have compared the effects of
      intraventricular (Ivt) injections of NPY and catecholamines on LH release and
      food intake in intact male rats. Of the three catecholamines, dopamine (DA),
      norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E), only E (5.3 micrograms or 15.9
      micrograms/rat) significantly stimulated LH release, although NE and E (5.3
      micrograms/rat) were equally effective in eliciting food intake in satiated rats.
      Ivt administration of 10 micrograms NPY significantly stimulated LH release,
      whereas either lower (0.5 or 2 micrograms/rat) or higher (25 micrograms/rat)
      doses were ineffective. In contrast, NPY at doses of 0.5 - 10 micrograms/rat
      increased cumulative food intake in a dose-related fashion. These findings
      present preliminary evidence of the physiological correlates of the neuronal
      coexistence of adrenergic transmitters and NPY in the brain and raise the
      possibility that NPY may normally act either independently, in concert with or
      via adrenergic systems to evoke LH release and feeding responses in the rat.

PMID- 3839558
TI  - Maintenance of hamstring strength following knee surgery.
AB  - Following a variety of surgical procedures on the knee, routine clinical Cybex
      testing demonstrated that the hamstring muscle group loses less strength than the
      quadriceps group, regardless of whether the hamstrings were exercised during the
      rehabilitation. Two groups of postsurgical patients were randomly selected to
      evaluate the effects of surgery on the muscle strength of the quadriceps and
      hamstrings. Group I (N = 15) underwent arthrotomy and medial meniscectomy. Group
      II (N = 20) underwent an extraarticular substitution of the anterior cruciate
      ligament. All subjects were tested on a Cybex II at 60 degrees/s: Group I at 5-10
      wk (mean, 7.0), and Group II at 15-22 wk (mean, 18.6). Peak torque for the
      quadriceps and hamstrings was measured at 30, 60, and 90 degrees. The percent
      deficits of the quadriceps and hamstrings were analyzed by a three-way ANOVA. The
      hamstring deficit was significantly less (P = 0.041) than the quadriceps deficit.
      A significant difference (P less than 0.001) was found between the two surgery
      groups. No significant difference in percent strength deficit was found at the
      various joint angles (30, 60, and 90 degrees). Lastly, the factors examined in
      the ANOVA did not contribute to a significant first or second order interaction.
      The authors conclude that specific hamstring strengthening postsurgically is not
      always indicated.

PMID- 3839559
TI  - Contrasting effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on bone matrix and mineral
      appositional rates in the mouse.
AB  - In order to determine the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) on
      bone matrix appositional rate (Ma AR) and bone mineral appositional rate (Mi AR),
      three doses (0.06, 0.13 and 0.20 microgram/kg/d) of 1,25(OH)2D3 were continuously
      infused for seven days in young mice. Histologic parameters of bone formation and
      resorption were evaluated by morphometric and autoradiographic methods. All doses
      of 1,25(OH)2D3 increased serum calcium and produced a dose-related increase in
      the metaphyseal osteoclastic surface and in the number of acid phosphatase
      stained osteoclasts. The Mi AR evaluated by double tetracycline labeling was
      enhanced at all dosage levels. By contrast the Ma AR evaluated by double 3H
      proline labeling was decreased at the two highest doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 which also
      produced growth impairment. We concluded that the continuous administration of
      1,25(OH)2D3 in the mouse produces contrasting effects on bone matrix synthesis
      and calcification, resulting in a dose-related reduction in the amount of
      osteoid.

PMID- 3839560
TI  - Familial visual loss and a vanishing brain tumour.

PMID- 3839561
TI  - Graves' disease: blood samples.

PMID- 3839562
TI  - The binding of a 2-chloroethylamine derivative of oxotremorine (BM 123) to
      muscarinic receptors in the rat cerebral cortex.
AB  - The interaction of a mustard analogue of oxotremorine, N-[4-(2
      chloroethylmethylamino)-2-butynyl]-2-pyrrolidone (BM 123), with muscarinic
      receptors in the rat cerebral cortex was investigated using 3H-ligand-binding
      methods. When cortical homogenates were preincubated with BM 123 (1.0 mM), washed
      extensively, and then assayed for the binding of the specific muscarinic
      antagonist, [3H](-)-N-methylscopolamine, a decrease in binding capacity was noted
      without an accompanying change in affinity. The rate at which BM 123 alkylated
      muscarinic receptors was sensitive to temperature, with little or no receptor
      alkylation occurring at 0 degree. Thus, it was possible to estimate the affinity
      of BM 123 and its transformation products for muscarinic receptors by measuring
      their ability to competitively inhibit 3H-ligand binding to cortical homogenates
      at 0 degree. When measured by competitive inhibition of [3H]oxotremorine-M and
      [3H](-)-N-methylscopolamine binding, the concentrations of the aziridinium ion of
      BM 123 required to displace 50% of specific 3H-ligand binding were 3.5 nM and 4.5
      microM, respectively. In contrast, the parent 2-chloroethylamine and its
      alcoholic hydrolysis product were much less active. The kinetics of the
      alkylation of muscarinic receptors by BM 123 were consistent with a model in
      which the aziridinium ion rapidly forms reversible complexes with superhigh high
      and low affinity sites which slowly convert to covalent complexes. The rate of
      alkylation of the superhigh affinity site was slowest whereas the converse was
      true for the low affinity site. It was possible to alkylate the high and low
      affinity sites selectively with BM 123 by taking advantage of kinetic differences
      in the rates of alkylation of these two sites. Atropine, oxotremorine, and
      oxotremorine-M antagonized the rate of alkylation of muscarinic receptors in a
      manner that was consistent with competitive inhibition.

PMID- 3839564
TI  - Probing the combining site of monoclonal IgA J539 using deoxyfluoro- and other
      galactosides as ligands.
AB  - IgA J539 is a monoclonal anti beta-(1----6)-D-galactopyranan. Measurement of its
      affinity with a number of synthetic galactosyl oligosaccharides of that linkage
      type, in which one or more hydroxyl groups have been replaced by a fluorine atom,
      confirm the assignment of the relative binding strength of the subsites in the
      protein for the individual galactosyl residues of the antigen.

PMID- 3839563
TI  - Emetine resistance of Chinese hamster cells: structures of wild-type and mutant
      ribosomal protein S14 mRNAs.
AB  - The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell 40S ribosomal subunit protein S14 provides a
      unique opportunity to investigate an important mammalian housekeeping gene and
      its mRNA and protein products. The S14 gene appears to be single copy, and CHO
      cell S14 mutants have been isolated as emetine-resistant (emtB) clones in tissue
      culture. Thus, S14 is the only mammalian ribosomal protein whose gene structure
      and function are amenable to straightforward genetic and biochemical analysis.
      Recently, we isolated a wild-type Chinese hamster lung cell cDNA clone, pCS14-1,
      including an almost complete copy of the ribosomal protein S14 message (N.
      Nakamichi, D. D. Rhoads, and D. J. Roufa, J. Biol. Chem. 258: 13236-13242, 1983).
      Here we describe comparable cDNAs from wild-type and emtB CHO cells. We report
      both mRNA and polypeptide sequences of the wild-type and mutant ribosomal protein
      transcripts. As a consequence of the genetic methods used to obtain our emetine
      resistant mutants, the emtB S14 cDNAs differ from wild-type cDNA by single-base
      changes. Physical and chemical features of polypeptides encoded by the cDNAs are
      consistent with well-characterized S14 protein polymorphisms. The three emtB
      mutations analyzed affect two adjacent arginine codons within the very basic S14
      carboxyl region, indicating a significant role for this portion of the protein in
      the function and architecture of the mammalian 40S ribosomal subunit.

PMID- 3839565
TI  - A hapten-induced conformational change accompanies the cryoprecipitation of an
      immunoglobulin.
AB  - By simultaneous spectroscopic measurements (absorbance, light scattering,
      fluorescence and circular dichroism) the temp-dependent behavior of a
      cryoglobulin, the mouse monoclonal immunoglobulin G to N-acetyllactosamine, has
      been observed. The results show that a hapten-induced conformational change in
      the structure of a cryoglobulin can accompany its intermolecular association.
      This association of the immunoglobulin increases after hapten saturation of its
      two antigen-combining sites.

PMID- 3839566
TI  - Reducing the sizes of medical school classes.

PMID- 3839567
TI  - Effect of bright light in the hospital nursery on the incidence of retinopathy of
      prematurity.
AB  - The preterm infant is subjected to prolonged exposure to ambient nursery
      illumination at levels that have been found to produce retinal damage in animals.
      We prospectively investigated the effect of exposure to light in two intensive
      care nurseries by comparing the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity among 74
      infants from the standard bright nursery environment (median light level, 60 foot
      candles [ftc]) with the incidence among 154 infants of similar birth weight for
      whom the light levels were reduced (median, 25 ftc). There was a higher incidence
      of retinopathy of prematurity in the group of infants who had been exposed to the
      brighter nursery lights, particularly in those with birth weights below 1000 g
      (86 percent vs. 54 per cent, P less than 0.01 by chi-square test). We conclude
      that the high level of ambient illumination commonly found in the hospital
      nursery may be one factor contributing to retinopathy of prematurity and that
      safety standards with regard to current lighting practices should be reassessed.

PMID- 3839568
TI  - Hazards to vision in the nursery.

PMID- 3839569
TI  - [A Dutch family with venous thrombosis due to hereditary protein C deficiency].

PMID- 3839570
TI  - Intracerebroventricular administration of ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion
      (AF64A) reduces release of acetylcholine from rat hippocampal slices.
AB  - Ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (AF64A), or vehicle, was infused bilaterally
      (3 nmol/3 microliter per side) into the lateral ventricles of rats. The effect of
      such treatment on various cholinergic responses was measured in the hippocampus,
      cortex and striatum. Potassium-stimulated release of acetylcholine from
      superfused slices of hippocampus was reduced, 7 and 21 days after treatment with
      AF64A, to 24 and 35% of control, respectively. The activity of choline
      acetyltransferase in the hippocampus also decreased, to 42% of control, both 7
      and 21 days after treatment with AF64A. Similarly, the activity of
      acetylcholinesterase and the high affinity transport of choline in the
      hippocampus were reduced, to 40 and 30% of control; and to 33 and 48% of control,
      respectively, 7 and 21 days after treatment with AF64A. Synthesis of
      acetylcholine in slices of hippocampus was also decreased after treatment with
      AF64A (71 and 51% of control, 7 and 21 days post-AF64A respectively). Only the
      binding of [3H]QNB in the hippocampus was unchanged at 7 days after treatment
      with AF64A, although a small reduction (11%) was noted 21 days after treatment
      with AF64A. The activity of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase,
      the high-affinity transport of choline and the binding of [3H]QNB in cortex and
      striatum were unaffected by treatment with AF64A under the same experimental
      conditions. Using a substantially smaller dose than that earlier reported in
      mice, the earlier finding was thus confirmed, and extended, in rats, of a highly
      selective effect of AF64A on several components of the cholinergic system. Under
      the conditions of this study, these effects appeared to be confined to the
      hippocampus.

PMID- 3839571
TI  - Pirenzepine indicates heterogeneity of muscarinic receptors linked to cerebral
      inositol phospholipid metabolism.
AB  - Muscarinic receptor-mediated inositol phospholipid metabolism was examined in rat
      cerebral cortex and medulla-pons slices prelabelled with 3H-inositol. Carbachol
      stimulated accumulation of 3H-inositol phosphate in both regions with identical
      EC50 values though the maximal stimulation was considerably greater in cortex.
      The carbachol response was potently suppressed by atropine with very similar
      affinities in both regions. However, the M1 antagonist pirenzepine displayed a 10
      fold greater affinity for the cortical carbachol response. The data supports the
      concept of heterogeneity of cerebral muscarinic receptors and suggests that both
      M1 and M2 sites may be linked to inositol phospholipid metabolism in brain.

PMID- 3839572
TI  - Release of NPY-like immunoreactive material from primary cultures of chromaffin
      cells prepared from bovine adrenal medulla.
AB  - In primary cultures of bovine chromaffin cells, the cell contents of NPY
      immunoreactive material was found to be stable for about 4 days. When these cells
      were transferred to the Locke's solution from the culture medium, NPY
      immunoreactive material was released spontaneously. Addition of potassium (45 mM)
      resulted in a 3-fold increase in the rate of NPY release in a calcium dependent
      fashion. NPY immunoreactivity in chromaffin cells is composed of NPY, a lesser
      immunoreactive peptide and two very minor immunoreactivities. The same
      immunoreactive peptides were released by 45 mM potassium.

PMID- 3839573
TI  - Ommaya reservoirs in 387 cancer patients: a 15-year experience.
AB  - We reviewed records of 387 patients with cancer who had Ommaya reservoirs placed
      between October 1967 and December 1982. Complications of reservoir placement were
      reported in 27 patients, including intracranial hemorrhage (5 patients) and
      reservoir malfunction (15 patients). In 15 of 19 patients with meningitis, the
      infection was linked to the reservoir. The organism most frequently implicated
      was Staphylococcus epidermidis. Seizures, leukoencephalopathy, and pericatheter
      necrosis were seen in 10 patients who had received intraventricular chemotherapy.

PMID- 3839574
TI  - [Changes in surfactant in ARDS. Effects of PEEP and CPAP on the biochemical
      composition of surfactant].

PMID- 3839575
TI  - Cells of origin of spinopontine fibers in the rat.
AB  - When wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate was injected into the
      caudal part of the medial, lateral, ventral and peduncular pontine nuclei in the
      rat, retrogradely labeled spinal neurons were found contralaterally in the
      intermediate basilar nucleus (IBN) in the upper two cervical cord segments, and
      in laminae VI and VII in the lumbar cord segments. The IBN appeared to send
      fibers mainly to the caudomedial part of the pontine nuclei, while laminae VI and
      VII of the lumbar cord segments of the caudolateral part of the pontine nuclei.

PMID- 3839576
TI  - Sarcoma botryoides of the female genital tract.
AB  - Results of treating 14 patients with sarcoma botryoides of the female genital
      tract are reviewed. Nine patients were younger than four years old and five were
      older than 14. Primary tumors were in the vagina (eight), cervix (three), vulva
      (one), and cervicovaginal region (two). All but one patient underwent surgery,
      including wide local excision (one), vaginectomy (one), hysterectomy (one),
      hysterectomy and vaginectomy (two), anterior exenteration (two), and total pelvic
      exenteration (six). A combination of vincristine, actinomycin-D, and
      cyclophosphamide was the chemotherapy regimen most frequently administered. Only
      one of the nine patients receiving chemotherapy died from recurrence. One patient
      with disease too extensive for surgery received intraarterial vincristine and
      radiation therapy; 16 years later she developed an adenosquamous carcinoma of the
      uterus. Sarcoma recurred in three patients. This review of patients treated
      between 1956 and 1983 reflects the evolution of therapy over 30 years.
      Conservative surgery alone was inadequate; therefore, radical (exenterative)
      surgery was adopted; recently less extensive surgery has been combined with
      chemotherapy, producing satisfactory results.

PMID- 3839577
TI  - Cerebrovascular hemodynamics during and after recovery from acute asphyxia in the
      newborn dog.
AB  - Cerebrovascular volume and transmural pressure loads accompanying acute increases
      in cerebral blood flow are implicated in the pathogenesis of periventricular
      intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. An acute increase in cerebral
      blood flow would be expected during acute recovery from asphyxia. Therefore,
      cerebrovascular hemodynamics, including flow (microspheres), were studied during
      and after acute recovery from asphyxia in seven newborn dogs in order to study
      the determinants of these volume and pressure loads. During the acute recovery
      phase, cerebral hemispheric blood flow was 69.6 +/- 10 ml/100 g/min (mean +/-
      SEM) representing a 250% increase from baseline values of 19.9 +/- 1.8 ml/100
      g/min (p less than 0.005), while combined cerebellar-brainstem flow was 204.3 +/-
      19.3 ml/100 g/min representing a 536% increase from baseline values of 32.0 +/-
      1.5 ml/100 g/min (p less than 0.005). Blood flow to both areas had returned to
      baseline levels 20 min after the onset of recovery. Associated with this cerebral
      hyperemia was an acute increase in mean arterial pressure from 21.3 +/- 4.5 mm Hg
      at end asphyxia to 69.5 +/- 6.0 mm Hg at peak recovery (p less than 0.01), and
      parallel acute increases in sagittal sinus pressure (from 4.0 +/- 0.4 to 14.6 +/-
      1.9 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) and cerebrospinal fluid pressure (from 3.8 +/- 0.4
      to 14.3 +/- 1.9 mm Hg, p less than 0.01). Central venous pressure fell from 4.3
      +/- 0.6 mm Hg at end asphyxia to 1.6 +/- 0.5 mm Hg, and thus is not a determinant
      of the elevation in sagittal sinus pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3839578
TI  - Treatment of four patients with erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis by a
      combination of epipodophyllotoxin, steroids, intrathecal methotrexate, and
      cranial irradiation.
AB  - Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a rare disorder affecting
      infants, is characterized by a visceral infiltration of histiocytes and
      lymphocytes resulting in rapid death. It has recently been reported that use of
      epipodophyllotoxin, VP 16-213, could induce a complete remission of the disease.
      Such treatment does not, however, prevent fatal CNS relapse. Four patients with
      the characteristic features of the disease--fever, hepatosplenomegaly,
      pancytopenia, low plasmatic fibrinogen level, hyperlipidemia, and histiocytic
      meningitis--are described. These patients were treated with a combination therapy
      including systemic administration of VP 16-213, steroids, and intrathecal
      methotrexate followed by cranial irradiation after the age of 12 months. The four
      patients achieved complete remission of the disease after clearing of the CNS
      localization. Two patients had secondary relapses, but all four patients have had
      a disease-free survival exceeding 12 months. All patients have been in remission
      of the disease for 27, 20, 16, and 13 months, respectively, after disease onset
      without major setbacks from the treatment. This combination therapy appears to be
      a promising approach toward long-term remission of the disease.

PMID- 3839579
TI  - Bone modulating factors in nephrotic children with normal glomerular filtration
      rate.
AB  - Factors influencing bone and mineral metabolism were evaluated in 16 children
      with active nephrotic syndrome and normal glomerular filtration rate. All
      patients were proteinuric and/or hypoalbuminemic and had elevated serum
      triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Seven patients had never received or had
      discontinued glucocorticoid treatment at least 6 months before the study; six
      patients were receiving prednisone at the time of study. Although all patients
      were hypocalcemic (serum total or ionized calcium), none was hypomagnesemic.
      Despite the low serum calcium levels, circulating immunoreactive parathyroid
      hormone was elevated in only nine of 16. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was low in
      all 16 patients, averaging 7.6 +/- 1.2 ng/mL for the group. In contrast, levels
      of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were normal in 12 of 14 patients. Bone mineral content
      measured by photon absorptiometry averaged 83% and was less than 90% of normal in
      six of nine patients tested. The findings were not influenced by the recent or
      concurrent administration of glucocorticoid. The data demonstrate abnormalities
      of mineral and bone modulation in nephrotic children even in the absence of
      impaired glomerular filtration rate and irrespective of glucocorticoid therapy.
      The decrease in serum ionized calcium may be related to an absolute deficiency in
      25-hydroxyvitamin D and/or a relative deficiency in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
      Undermineralization of bone may result from the low levels of vitamin D
      metabolites and, in some patients, from an increase in immunoreactive parathyroid
      hormone. Whether treatment with vitamin D metabolites and/or calcium
      supplementation will prevent the abnormalities remains to be demonstrated.

PMID- 3839580
TI  - [Comparison of various clinical and hematological features of various types of
      non-Hodgkin lymphomas of a low degree of malignancy in relation to age groups].

PMID- 3839581
TI  - Delayed effects of experimental maternal diabetes on plasma cholesterol level and
      vascular prostacyclin synthesis in the offspring.
AB  - The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes during pregnancy in rats on
      prostacyclin synthesis in aorta and heart of offsprings was investigated.
      Although the aortic and heart syntheses of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the offsprings of
      diabetic rats were not altered at birth, a significant rise in aorta and a
      decrease in the heart were evident at weaning. At weaning, offsprings of diabetic
      rats also show a significant rise in plasma cholesterol. These studies show that
      maternal diabetes might cause effects in the offspring which might become evident
      in later life.

PMID- 3839582
TI  - Effects of the beta-carboline, FG 7142, in the social interaction test of anxiety
      and the holeboard: correlations between behaviour and plasma concentrations.
AB  - The behavioural effects of the beta-carboline FG 7142 were investigated in the
      social interaction test of anxiety and the holeboard test of exploration and
      locomotor activity. FG 7142 (5-20 mg/kg) produced a significant decrease in the
      time spent in social interaction by pairs of rats, without an accompanying
      decrease in motor activity. This anxiogenic effect was highly correlated with the
      plasma concentrations of FG 7142 for the rats receiving 5 and 10 mg/kg doses, but
      not for those receiving the 20 mg/kg dose. In the holeboard, FG 7142 had no
      effect on exploratory head-dipping at the doses tested, but selectively reduced
      locomotor activity and the number of rears. The profile of FG 7142 in these tests
      is compared with those of the beta-carbolines, B-CCE and B-CCP.

PMID- 3839583
TI  - Studies on the release of drugs from O/W-emulsion ointments using the
      mathematical interpretations. Part 1: Influence of the thickness of the ointment
      layer.
AB  - The hyperbolic function Q = t/(A + Bt) has been applied to the quantitative
      description of the release process from the emulsion ointment as influenced by
      the thickness of the layer. Results have been compared with the analogous ones
      obtained by the use of Higuchi's "exponential" equations. This comparison leads
      to the conclusion that the proposed empirical function is especially usefull for
      thin ointment layers.

PMID- 3839584
TI  - Elimination kinetics of amsacrine in the rabbit: evidence of nonlinearity.
AB  - Plasma amsacrine kinetics have been studied in rabbits after different doses (2.5
      10 mg/kg) infused over 35 min. Amsacrine concentrations were measured by HPLC and
      plasma protein binding by equilibrium dialysis. All elimination curves were best
      fitted by a bi-exponential expression with a mean t 1/2 alpha of 0.56 h and t 1/2
      beta of 2.47 h. At doses greater than 5 mg/kg, there appeared to be an
      overproportional increase in the area under the curve, suggesting non-linear
      kinetics. Comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters indicated a significant
      decrease in plasma Cl after the 10-mg/kg dose compared to the 5- and 2.5-mg/kg
      dose. Amsacrine was highly bound by plasma (96.8%) over the concentration range 1
      100 mumol/l. It is concluded that the rabbit is an acceptable model for further
      studies of the pharmacokinetics of amsacrine and its analogues at doses less than
      or equal to 5 mg/kg.

PMID- 3839585
TI  - Statistical software packages for physical therapists. STATPAK for the IBM PC.
AB  - If you have modestly sized files, modest computing requirements, and only a
      modest budget, look into STATPAK. Despite the limitations of STATPAK's
      computational accuracy, data-entry capabilities, and file-size restrictions. It
      is a package that provides many of the more frequently required statistical
      routines in physical therapy research. Besides, who knows when you'll need
      Fourier-transformed nonlinear correlations! Be prepared to spend an evening or
      two getting used to the cryptic program descriptions. Perhaps a future version
      will contain a tutorial with sample data to help the beginner get started; a
      general linear-model routine to permit ANOVAs on unbalanced Ns, assess
      multivariate hypotheses, and test the compound-symmetry assumption of repeated
      measured ANOVA would also be welcome. I would first recommend, however, that the
      documentation problems be addressed; at least let us find "Graphics" or "Chart"
      in the index, without having to guess that we should look under "Plot"!

PMID- 3839586
TI  - [Cadexomer iodine: local single-drug therapy of leg ulcers. Study in 45
      ambulatory patients].

PMID- 3839587
TI  - MR effect on murine spermatogenesis.
AB  - The cytotoxic effects of magnetic resonance (MR) on spermatogenesis in mice were
      studied. Mice were exposed to a strong static magnetic field from a 0.3-T MR
      imaging device. The effect of this treatment on different classes of
      spermatogenic cells was investigated by counting sperm heads at various times
      after exposure. Sixty-six hours of continuous exposure did not produce any
      significant cytotoxicity to these cells. This period of continuous exposure is
      far longer than any anticipated occupational exposure to humans. Thus, acute and
      subacute exposure to static magnetic fields associated with diagnostic use of MR
      imaging devices is unlikely to have any significant adverse effect on
      spermatogenesis.

PMID- 3839588
TI  - Gastric ulcer localization by direct in vivo labeling of sucralfate. Work in
      progress.
AB  - We developed and evaluated a new procedure for imaging gastric ulcer disease with
      technetium 99m-labeled sucralfate. The new method employs direct in vivo labeling
      of sucralfate instead of in vitro labeling using human serum albumin, as
      previously reported in the literature. Tests using hydrochloric acid and a rabbit
      ulcer model showed the efficacy of the direct in vivo labeling technique and the
      ability of the tagged material to bind to ulcers, respectively. In 26 studies
      using humans with sucralfate labeled directly in vivo, 15 gave true-negative
      results and 11 gave true-positive results. Of 14 studies using humans with in
      vitro labeled sucralfate, three gave true-negative results, three gave true
      positive results, and the results of eight were either false-negative or could
      not be interpreted because of high levels of activity remaining in the stomach.
      We suggest that the direct in vivo labeling method significantly improves the
      sucralfate gastric ulcer imaging technique.

PMID- 3839589
TI  - FDA's priority-based assessment of food additives. II. General toxicity
      parameters.
AB  - We examine in greater depth some general toxicity parameters that have been
      compiled for food additives in the Priority-Based Assessment of Food Additives
      project. Correlations between chemical structure categories and basic parameters
      such as lowest effect level, highest no-effect level, and study duration indicate
      (among other things) trends in these parameters that are consistent in magnitude
      and direction with the Concern Level break points proposed in the FDA's Redbook.
      Certain data on the nature and extent of observed toxic effects of additives,
      when related to corresponding estimated levels of human intake, help to provide a
      profile of toxicological characteristics of a number of the regulated additives.
      The resulting breadth of such a profile reinforces the need for systematic
      priority setting in the allocation of resources to potential food additive safety
      concerns.

PMID- 3839590
TI  - [Treatment of multiple myeloma in stages II and III with melphalan, prednisone,
      cyclophosphamide, vincristine and BCNU (M-2 protocol)].

PMID- 3839591
TI  - [Pulmonary vascular permeability and surfactant].

PMID- 3839592
TI  - [Chemotherapy of bronchopulmonary and pleural adenocarcinoma. Apropos of 31
      cases].
AB  - Between January 1978 and June 1983, 31 patients aged between 35 and 73 years,
      with an adenocarcinoma of the respiratory system (25 lung cancers and 6 pleural
      cancers) were treated by chemotherapy, either exclusively or following failure of
      surgery. In 21 patients, the treatment consisted of a combination of cyclo
      phosphamide (600 mg/m2), adriamycin (40 mg/m2) and 5-fluoro-uracil (600 mg/m2) by
      intravenous injection, every four weeks. The other 10 patients received different
      treatments, but platinum salts were administered in only 2 cases. The treatment
      was fairly well tolerated (only 1 death due to toxicity), but the effectiveness
      remained disappointing: only 1 complete response (alive after 48 months), 2
      partial responses and 4 stabilisations. The overall median survival was 9 months,
      with a mean survival of 11.6 months. The mean survival of the responder and
      stabilised patients was more than 21 months. These results lead us to recommend
      that, apart from randomised trials, chemotherapy should be stopped after the
      second course in the absence of at least a stabilisation of the disease, in which
      prolonged survivals are sometimes observed when treatment is limited to purely
      symptomatic measures.

PMID- 3839593
TI  - [Respiratory function and alveolar biological changes under the effect of CDP
      choline in pulmonary interstitial pathology: pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis].
AB  - Various anomalies of pulmonary surfactant have been described in relation to
      acute respiratory distress syndromes, hypersensitivity lung disease and pulmonary
      sarcoidosis. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the essential phospholipid component of
      pulmonary surfactant. Cytidine diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) is an essential
      intermediary in the biosynthesis of PC. The authors studied two groups of
      patients: one group consisted of diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and the
      other consisted of pulmonary sarcoidosis with parenchymal involvement. They
      observed quantitative and qualitative abnormalities of the phospholipid fractions
      of surfactant and more particularly of PC. The finding of a marked decrease in
      this phospholipid, especially in the cases of pulmonary fibrosis, justified the
      study of the therapeutic effects of CDP-choline. After one month of treatment
      with this substance, at a dose of 1 g I.M. per day, the PC fraction had returned
      to normal and, at the same time, there was an improvement in the PaO2 at rest and
      after exercise. Long term administration of CDP-choline appears to be valuable in
      the maintenance of the phospholipid equilibrium of pulmonary surfactant and in
      the improvement of the quality of alveolar gas exchange.

PMID- 3839594
TI  - Correlation between peptide YY-induced myoelectric activity and transit of small
      intestinal contents in rats.
AB  - The effect of peptide YY (PYY) on the myoelectric activity of the small intestine
      was studied in relation to the transit of a 51Cr marker solution in fasted
      conscious rats. The myoelectric activity was recorded by means of bipolar
      electrodes implanted at 5, 20, and 35 cm from the pylorus. The marker was
      administered in the duodenum immediately after an activity front of a migrating
      myoelectric complex (MMC) had passed the first recording site. Under control
      conditions, the propagation of one activity front over the three recording levels
      was accompanied by the propulsion of 90.2 +/- 11.4% of the total radioactivity as
      one portion distal to the third electrode site. The median peak of the
      radioactivity was recovered at a distance approximately twice that propagated by
      an activity front. Intravenous infusion of PYY (50 pmol X kg-1 X min-1) had no
      effect on the occurrence of the MMC in the duodenum but interrupted its distal
      propagation and almost totally abolished the spiking activity in the jejunum. In
      comparison with controls, the transport of the marker was significantly retarded,
      and the median peak of the radioactivity was recovered proximal to the third
      electrode site. The results indicate that the small-intestinal contents are
      propelled as one portion in front of a propagating activity front. The inhibition
      of the activity front by PYY may account for the delay in the transit of the
      small-intestinal contents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3839595
TI  - Acceptability of fluoride use in Finnish municipalities.
AB  - The aim of this study was, firstly, to determine what methods of delivering
      fluorides might be acceptable to Finnish municipalities and, secondly, to
      investigate which characteristics of the municipalities best explain the
      variation in acceptability of fluorides. A sample, composed of 46 Finnish
      municipalities and representing the communes according to number of inhabitants
      was drawn and a mail survey sent to decision-makers (n = 1922). In this survey we
      assessed the characteristics of each commune and its decision-makers and asked
      how acceptable various methods of fluoride delivery were. The acceptability of
      the various methods was: toothpaste 95%, gels and varnishes 81%, rinses 63%, salt
      48%, piped water 33%, and milk 11%. In industrialized communes these methods of
      delivery were usually slightly better accepted than in non-industrialized areas.
      Acceptability of fluorides seemed to differ in the various regions of Finland,
      Uusimaa region being the most liberal towards use of fluorides. Members of the
      labour parties seemed to accept piped water containing fluoride and fluoridated
      milk significantly more often than did conservatives. Among decision-makers, the
      various methods of delivery were best accepted by dentists, physicians and
      members of health councils.

PMID- 3839596
TI  - Transition from B to Z DNA: contribution of internal fluctuations to the
      configurational entropy difference.
AB  - The internal motions of the double-stranded DNA oligomer (dCdG)3 (dC,
      deoxycytidylate; dG, deoxyguanylate) in the B and Z forms have been calculated in
      the harmonic approximation. A complete vibrational analysis has been made, and
      the resulting normal mode frequencies have been used to evaluate the vibrational
      entropy of B and Z DNA. The greater flexibility of the B DNA hexamer leads to an
      entropic stabilization relative to the stiffer Z DNA hexamer of 22 calories per
      mole per kelvin at 300 K. The calculated value is of the same order as that (21
      to 27 calories per mole per kelvin) obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance
      measurements on the methylated duplexes (m5dCdG)3 and (dCdGm5dCdGdCdG). This
      result demonstrates the importance of internal motions, which have been neglected
      in earlier studies of the transition from B to Z DNA, in the stability of
      different nucleic acid conformers.

PMID- 3839597
TI  - A macrophage factor inhibits adipocyte gene expression: an in vitro model of
      cachexia.
AB  - Certain infections and malignancies in mammals cause the development of a
      condition known as cachexia in which the animal continues to lose weight, often
      while consuming an adequate diet. When macrophages are stimulated with an
      endotoxin, they produce a factor or factors, termed cachectin, that inhibits the
      activity of fat-producing (lipogenic) enzymes in cultured adipocytes. This effect
      may reflect one of the physiological bases for cachexia. In the present study,
      clones of complementary DNA from genes whose expression is increased during the
      differentiation of adipocytes were used to study the molecular basis of
      cachectin's actions. In the presence of cachectin, the expression of the
      corresponding genes was reversibly and specifically inhibited. Furthermore, when
      mature adipocytes were exposed to cachectin, the messenger RNA's of those genes
      diminished and rapidly approached the levels present before differentiation.

PMID- 3839599
TI  - Seeding of malignant lymphoma along the tract after bone marrow biopsy.
AB  - A 74-year-old man with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma had seeding of tumor along the
      needle tract after bone marrow biopsy. This complication was recognized by
      computerized tomography.

PMID- 3839598
TI  - Sequence and structure of a human glucose transporter.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the glucose transport protein from human HepG2
      hepatoma cells was deduced from analysis of a complementary DNA clone. Structural
      analysis of the purified human erythrocyte glucose transporter by fast atom
      bombardment mapping and gas phase Edman degradation confirmed the identity of the
      clone and demonstrated that the HepG2 and erythrocyte transporters are highly
      homologous and may be identical. The protein lacks a cleavable amino-terminal
      signal sequence. Analysis of the primary structure suggests the presence of 12
      membrane-spanning domains. Several of these may form amphipathic alpha helices
      and contain abundant hydroxyl and amide side chains that could participate in
      glucose binding or line a transmembrane pore through which the sugar moves. The
      amino terminus, carboxyl terminus, and a highly hydrophilic domain in the center
      of the protein are all predicted to lie on the cytoplasmic face. Messenger RNA
      species homologous to HepG2 glucose transporter messenger RNA were detected in
      K562 leukemic cells, HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells, and human kidney tissue.

PMID- 3839600
TI  - Sucralfate in the relief of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - Sucralfate is an unabsorbed antiulcer drug that binds to gastrointestinal tissue
      and protects it from acid and pepsin. Twenty-two arthritic patients taking
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were given sucralfate concomitantly
      for two weeks in an attempt to lessen gastrointestinal side effects. Changes from
      baseline in abdominal discomfort were assessed after 2, 7, 10 (or 11), and 14
      days of treatment. Sucralfate administration was accompanied by the disappearance
      of heartburn, epigastric pain, epigastric distress, or epigastric burning in 42
      of 59 occurrences, and by statistically significant reductions in bloating. There
      was a trend toward significance in decreased nocturnal abdominal pain and in
      belching. Overall improvement, assessed at the completion of each patient's
      treatment, also was statistically significant.

PMID- 3839601
TI  - Prevalence of hepatitis B virus among hospitality girls in Bangkok.

PMID- 3839602
TI  - Evidence for the existence of genetic variability in the tendency of Anopheles
      balabacensis to rest in houses and to bite man.
AB  - Mark-release-recapture experiments were carried out in Sabah, East Malaysia on
      the malaria and filariasis vector, Anopheles balabacensis. Samples of wild
      females were marked with different colours of fluorescent pigments, released in
      man-baited huts fitted with exit traps. Simultaneous collections and releases
      were also made in night-biting catches on a water buffalo and on four men. All
      subsequent recaptures were made in the same situation in which the mosquitoes
      were marked. The same individual mosquitoes were caught biting men and buffalo on
      different occasions and the numbers caught showed a strong preference for man
      over buffalo. The length of the oviposition cycle in the field was found to be
      3.0 days. After blood-feeding on man in a hut, An. balabacensis were found to
      exit on the night or early morning. The same individual mosquitoes were found
      resting in the hut or exit trap on different occasions. The results indicate that
      there is strong evidence for the existence of genetic variability in the tendency
      of An. balabacensis to rest in houses and to bite man and buffalo. The obvious
      existence of this phenomenon is considered discouraging for the prospects of
      interruption of malaria transmitted by An. balabacensis in nature.

PMID- 3839603
TI  - [Clinical picture and treatment of recurrent lymphosarcomas after radiotherapy].
AB  - The disease course was assayed in 177 patients with a complete remission after
      radiotherapy. The conclusion is made about high efficacy of repeated treatment
      after local radiotherapy. In view of the fact that extranodal areas are often
      involved during relapses, it is not advisable to irradiate the lymph nodes
      according to the radical program. Relapses that develop during the first year of
      remission, manifesting in the renewal of the tumor growth and appearance of new
      tumors, are prognostically unfavourable variants and require intensive care.
      Local relapses can be exposed to repeated radiation with a good result.

PMID- 3839604
TI  - Anterior mediastinal mass and Graves' disease.

PMID- 3839605
TI  - Effects of oral contraceptives and obesity on protein C antigen.
AB  - In 24 women using oral contraceptives, protein C antigen was higher than in 24
      women of the same age and of the same degree of obesity who were not using OC. In
      the pooled data for all 48 women, there was an increase in protein C of about 1%
      (of standard) for each 1.0 mm increase in skinfold thickness. Protein C tends to
      be high rather than low in circumstances predisposing to thrombosis.

PMID- 3839606
TI  - Defibrination during warfarin therapy in a man with protein C deficiency.
AB  - A 57 year old man presented with apparently spontaneous lower extremity deep vein
      thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. He was treated in conventional fashion with
      intravenous heparin and oral warfarin. After 4 daily doses of warfarin the
      prothrombin and proconvertin (P+P) time was within therapeutic range, and heparin
      was stopped. Over the next six hours complete defibrination occurred, associated
      with severe bleeding complications. Functional protein C measured after
      normalization of routine coagulation tests averaged 40% of normal, and was only
      3.5% of normal immediately prior to the episode of defibrination. We conclude
      that the very low functional protein C levels seen immediately prior to
      defibrination were caused by a combination of pre-existent protein C deficiency
      and warfarin therapy, and directly predisposed to defibrination once heparin was
      stopped, despite "therapeutic" warfarin anticoagulation. Exacerbation of
      intravascular coagulation should be considered a potential prothrombotic effect
      of warfarin therapy in protein C deficient individuals.

PMID- 3839607
TI  - Protein C activity in renal disease.
AB  - Protein C activity was determined in 19 healthy controls and in 52 patients with
      renal diseases, clinically divided into three groups I) Nephrotic syndrome, II)
      Renal insufficiency, III) Terminal uremia, requiring maintenance dialysis. In the
      nephrotic syndrome protein C levels were found to be normal, but in renal
      insufficiency and terminal uremia the protein C activity was significantly
      decreased. A correlation between decreasing protein C and progressive renal
      failure is suggested. The reduced protein C activity may play an important role
      in the thrombotic tendency seen in renal diseases and uremia.

PMID- 3839608
TI  - Simultaneous demonstration of nonspecific esterase and chloroacetate esterase in
      human blood cells.
AB  - A new cytochemical method is described for the simultaneous demonstration of
      nonspecific esterase in monocytes and chloracetate esterase in granulocytes. The
      procedure uses both alpha-naphthyl butyrate and naphthol AS-D chloroacetate as
      substrates and hexazotized pararosaniline as the coupler. The enzyme reaction
      products are highly chromogenic and their localization is precise. This method is
      potentially useful for the accurate diagnosis of the acute monocytic leukemias.
      Its advantages and limitations are also discussed.

PMID- 3839609
TI  - Renal function in patients with autoimmune diseases treated with cyclosporine.

PMID- 3839610
TI  - Immunoblastic lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study with emphasis on the cases
      intervening during or following other disorders.
AB  - Fifty-eight patients with immunoblastic lymphoma (IBL) were the object of this
      study. Fifteen of them (26%) developed IBL during or after other diseases, either
      immunologic or neoplastic, including angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy,
      autoimmune disorders, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Waldenstrom's disease,
      lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease (subsequent IBL). The
      comparison between de novo and subsequent IBL revealed a significantly higher
      incidence of bone marrow involvement and bulky abdominal disease in the latter
      group, with a lower response rate to chemotherapy. The favorable primary
      extranodal disease of Waldeyer's ring exclusively belonged to de novo IBL,
      whereas the frequency of immunoglobulin abnormalities was higher in the
      subsequent IBL group (67%). The stage of disease, systemic symptoms at diagnosis
      and response to therapy were predictive of survival. The overall complete
      remission (CR) rate in the whole series was 37% and the median overall survival
      14 months. Complete remitters have a median survival in excess of 60 months; all
      relapses occurred within the first 12 months of CR. No CNS relapse terminated the
      CR, and CNS prophylaxis seems unnecessary in IBL. The analysis of subsequent IBL
      may provide information on the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas; the still
      poor prognosis of IBL deserves new therapeutic attempts to improve on the
      standard regimens.

PMID- 3839611
TI  - [Esophageal ulcers secondary to doxycycline administration, treated with
      sucralfate].

PMID- 3839612
TI  - [Effect of preparation MP-15 on the productivity and metabolism of lactating
      cows].
AB  - Activation possibilities of redox and biosynthetic processes are studied for
      lactic cows with their ration supplemented by mineral-ammonium preparation MII
      15. In the blood of cows from the experimental group the amount of a number of
      glycolysis, biocarboxylic cycle, ammonium nitrogen exchange products as well as
      activity of overamination enzymes vary as compared to control, which testifies to
      the stimulation of redox processes and protein exchange in tissues. Application
      of the MII-15 preparation is accompanied by an increase in the lactic
      productivity of cows by 8-10% on the average.

PMID- 3839614
TI  - [Correction of the surfactant system of the lungs (review of the literature)].

PMID- 3839613
TI  - [Aldolase metabolism in liver mitochondria and plasma of tumor-bearing rats].

PMID- 3839615
TI  - [Computer calculation of echocardiographic indices].
AB  - The objective of the study was to determine the degree of discrepancy in the data
      from echocardiographic indices, determined by the original Bulgarian apparatus
      "Echocomputer" (engineer Daskalov) and by two independently working researchers
      as well as the accuracy of repetition by one researcher. M-echocardiographic
      records were used for that purpose of 22 patients with various cardiopathies, the
      indices determined by the computer were compared with the data of the same
      indices but obtained by calculations according to the well known classical
      formulae. Two statistical methods were used--variation and correlation analysis.
      No statistically significant difference was established between the compared
      values of Echocomputer and considerable correlation dependence in the comparison
      of the data from two different ways of calculation of EchoCG-indices.

PMID- 3839616
TI  - Biochemical oxygen activation as the basis for the physiological action of
      tetrachlorodecaoxide (TCDO).
AB  - Oxidation of methionine, 4-(methylthio)-2-oxobutyric acid (KMB), or 1
      aminocyclopropane carbonic acid (ACC) are indicator reactions for activated
      oxygen species such as singlet oxygen (1O2), OH.-radical like oxidants,
      superoxide anion (O2.-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or activated hemo-iron
      complexes like peroxidase- or catalase-"compound I". Methionine is oxidized by
      OH. as well as by 1O2 forming ethylene, but not by tetrachloro-decaoxygen complex
      (TCDO) in the absence or presence of catalytic hemoproteins such as peroxidase,
      hemoglobin or myoglobin. Both KMB and ACC are oxidized by TCDO under the
      catalysis of the above hemo-proteins where neither catalase nor superoxide
      dismutase are inhibitors. TCDO hemo-protein complex is an oxidant with similar
      properties as peroxidase-compound I and can clearly be differentiated from O2.-,
      H2O2, OH. and 1O2.

PMID- 3839617
TI  - [The behavior of Campylobacter jejuni in various foodstuffs].
AB  - For the purpose of ascertaining the survival time of Campylobacter jejuni in
      foodstuffs under differing conditions, milk, ice-cream, meat salad and drinking
      water were inoculated with a defined quantity of Campylobacter jejuni and
      subsequently the number of colony-forming units was determined at first at 12
      hour intervals and later once a day. It was found that the survival time in milk
      at +5 degrees C was 15 days, in drinking water 6 days, but only 7 and 4 days
      respectively at 22 degrees C. In frozen ice-cream (vanilla) C. j. was still
      identified after 30 days and longer, in frozen water (-20 degrees C) even after
      several weeks. In sour meat salad (pH 4.2) the survival time of the inoculated
      C.j. amounted to a few hours only. The conclusions to be drawn from these results
      are discussed with reference to the epidemiology of the human diseases caused by
      C.j. and to kitchen hygiene.

PMID- 3839618
TI  - Orbital decompression in endocrine exophthalmos of Graves' disease.
AB  - Transantral decompression was performed bilaterally in 27 and unilaterally in 3
      patients with endocrine exophthalmos of Graves' disease. In 28 patients there was
      an immediate reduction of proptosis and in about half of the patients in addition
      a marked decrease in chemosis and conjunctival injection indicating that these
      signs were mostly due to orbital vascular congestion. In one patient with
      exophthalmos of more than 2 years duration and progressive swelling of the eye
      muscles no response was observed. In another patient decompression did not reduce
      proptosis which, however, 4 months later responded to retrobulbar irradiation. In
      one further patient much more marked reduction of proptosis and disappearance of
      persistent periorbital swellings were obtained after glucocorticoid treatment
      given half a year after decompression. Postoperatively diplopia occurred in about
      half of the patients but corrective operations were required only in a quarter of
      the patients. Transantral decompression is an effective method for rapid
      treatment of progressive exophthalmos of Graves' disease. In patients with
      unilateral exophthalmos the asymmetry may be reversed after unilateral operation.
      The authors use decompression not only in the most severe cases (categories 5 and
      6a-c according to the classification of the American Thyroid Association) but
      also in less severe cases (categories 2b-c and 3b-c) when there is a steady
      progression as a primary treatment possibly combined with other forms of therapy.

PMID- 3839619
TI  - Proteinuria in autoimmune thyroid disease.
AB  - We have investigated the prevalence of proteinuria in patients with Graves'
      disease and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis attending a routine thyroid clinic.
      Using the urine protein creatinine index, proteinuria was found in 29.8% of
      patients with autoimmune thyroid disease and in 9.5% of patients attending the
      same clinic but without these conditions. When patients with Graves' disease were
      treated with 131I, proteinuria measured by 24 h collections developed in 9 of 14
      patients without pre-existing proteinuria and appeared to diminish in 4 patients
      in whom proteinuria had been present before treatment. The prevalence and
      fluctuation of proteinuria was independent of thyroglobulin and microsomal
      antibody levels. We were unable to confirm previous reports of a high prevalence
      of circulating immune complexes in autoimmune thyroid disease; complexes were
      detected in only 7.9% of patients and did not correlate with proteinuria. The
      causes of mild proteinuria in autoimmune thyroid disease are not apparent, but
      previous case reports suggesting that membranous glomerulonephritis is associated
      with Graves' disease, albeit rarely, indicate that immunological mechanisms may
      be implicated.

PMID- 3839620
TI  - Correlation between newborn gastric aspirate microviscosity and gestational age.
AB  - Fluorescence polarization (FP) values were determined in 59 samples of amniotic
      fluid and in 56 samples of newborn gastric aspirate, collected from the 28th to
      41st week of gestation. Both amniotic fluid and gastric aspirate FP values showed
      a significant correlation respectively with gestational age (r = 0.77; p less
      than 0.01 and r = 0.50; p less than 0.01). The two regression lines were parallel
      (F = 0.052; p = 0.8046). Mean FP of gastric aspirate were about 0.05 lower than
      those of amniotic fluid. One infant whose gastric aspirate FP value was 0.342
      developed RDS.

PMID- 3839622
TI  - [Studies on the chemical constituents of Rubia schumanniana Pritz].

PMID- 3839621
TI  - [Minor constituents of qing dai, a traditional Chinese medicine. I. Isolation,
      structural determination and synthesis of tryptanthrin and qingdainone].

PMID- 3839624
TI  - [Effects of vitamin E deficiency on oxygen induced retinopathy in the rat].

PMID- 3839623
TI  - [Retinopathy of prematurity (VI)--Changing the fundus findings of ROP into the
      quantity evaluation].

PMID- 3839625
TI  - Postmenopausal bone density and milk consumption in childhood and adolescence.
AB  - Skeletal mass is a major determinant of susceptibility to osteoporotic fracture
      in menopause. At menopause, the skeletal mass is the resultant of the Peak
      Skeletal Mass (PSM) reached early adulthood minus the bone mass lost through the
      process of Adult Bone Loss (ABL). Current interventions for the maintenance of
      skeletal resilience in advanced age address the ABL peri- or postmenopausally.
      This study indicates that the effects of milk consumption in childhood and
      adolescence on bone density may manifest as higher bone density decades later in
      menopause. The assumed mechanism of the reported effect is through augmentation
      of the PSM, and acquisition of favorable nutritional habits which may influence
      the extent of ABL.

PMID- 3839626
TI  - Elevated serum calcitriol concentrations do not fall in response to
      hyperphosphatemia in familial tumoral calcinosis.
AB  - Five affected members in two branches of a Druze Arab kindred presented with
      calcified deposits in or about the hips and knees, indicating the diagnosis of
      tumoral calcinosis. Serum vitamin D metabolite concentrations, immunoreactive
      parathyroid hormone, and the tubular reabsorption of phosphate were measured in
      three affected siblings, as well as in their parents and an unaffected sibling.
      Normocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia with an elevated tubular maximum for
      phosphate per glomerular filtration rate were found in the affected patients.
      Levels of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone were normal, and the
      calcitriol value (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) was normal or elevated in the three
      affected patients. A trial of a low-phosphorus diet and oral aluminum hydroxide
      gel did not lower serum phosphate levels or improve the calcified deposits. These
      findings suggest that serum calcitriol values do not decline in response to
      hyperphosphatemia in tumoral calcinosis and that hyperphosphatemia with elevated
      tubular reabsorption of phosphate is a constant feature of this disorder because
      the kidney fails to excrete the increased filtered load of phosphate.

PMID- 3839627
TI  - Glucocorticoids and beta-adrenergic-receptor agonists: their combined effect on
      fetal rabbit lung surfactant.
AB  - In a previous study on pregnant rabbits (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 147:437) we
      found that a prolonged infusion of the beta 2-adrenergic-receptor agonist
      terbutaline would first cause a release of fetal pulmonary surfactant, so that
      more was available in the airways. However, the airway fluid then contained less
      surfactant, indicating a depletion of stores. Since terbutaline is often used in
      high doses as a tocolytic agent, surfactant depletion could be a serious side
      effect. With further studies on rabbits, we wanted to test the hypothesis that
      with an accelerated surfactant synthesis, achieved with glucocorticoids, the
      increased release, evoked with the terbutaline, would never cause a depletion of
      the surfactant stores. Our results supported this hypothesis. Betamethasone,
      administered to the pregnant doe on the twenty-sixth and twenty-seventh days of
      gestation, 0.1 mg/kg, increased compliance of the fetal lungs, and more
      phospholipid phosphorus could be lavaged from the airways. These effects were
      further increased when, following steroid administration, the doe was infused
      with terbutaline. Depletion of the surfactant stores was never seen when
      betamethasone was given prior to the beta-adrenergic-receptor agonist.

PMID- 3839628
TI  - Intermediate-term changes in intraocular pressure after neodymium-YAG laser
      posterior capsulotomy.

PMID- 3839629
TI  - A simple database computer program for ophthalmic use.

PMID- 3839630
TI  - Brief or new: use of a computer program (PC Coloring Book) in cognitive
      rehabilitation.
AB  - PC Coloring Book, a software program for the personal microcomputers, is a
      helpful treatment modality in cognitive rehabilitation and also for upper
      extremity motor control refinement. In addition to the case described this
      program has been initiated with several other patients, including two adults with
      cerebral palsy who have had additional brain trauma and one 5-year-old who is
      developmentally delayed. We cannot yet assess the results because these patients
      have not used the program for a sufficient period of time. However, we have noted
      that with all patients the increase in motivation was greater with this program
      than with more conventional treatment modalities. We expect additional patient
      trials to provide more applications for this program and to support the increased
      use of personal computers and software for improving cognitive cells.

PMID- 3839631
TI  - Bioactive ceramics versus proplast implants in ossiculoplasty.
AB  - During the last decade, the surgical use of alloplasts has become more and more
      widespread among otologists. Yet, based upon long-term clinical surveys and
      histologic findings, a debate has recently arisen about the biocompatibility and
      structural stability of these materials. Outcomes, one to five years
      postoperatively, are reported here for 188 patients who underwent ossiculoplasty
      with either Proplast (N = 118) or Ceravital (N = 70) columellas. Ceravital
      performed 10% better than Proplast with regard to hearing improvement. However,
      almost 25% of the Ceravital patients did not attain an appreciable auditory
      gain;even compared with Proplast's 35% figure, this is still too high a figure.
      The bioactive ceramic yielded an extrusion rate of 8%, whereas 18% of the
      Proplast prostheses with cartilage interposition were rejected. Causes of failure
      other than extrusion were detected in a non-negligible number of cases. Actually,
      columellar ossiculoplasty requires the most realistic expectations and the wisest
      surgical strategy. Besides the biophysical behavior of the implant, control of
      the primary disease and the achievement of the best prereconstructive anatomic
      set-up are critical prerequisites to a fully satisfactory outcome. In this
      context, staging of the procedure for functional aims seems to play a major role
      that has perhaps been neglected too often.

PMID- 3839632
TI  - Technique and indications for the French multichannel cochlear implant "Chorimac
      12" for total deafness rehabilitation.
AB  - To obtain some speech discrimination without lip reading it is necessary to
      elicit different frequency sound sensations in the totally deaf cochlea. Thus,
      electrically proofs compartments must be created all along the cochlear keyboard.
      The placement of twelve intracochlear electrodes is greatly facilitated by using
      our electrode-bearer, which is introduced through the round window by a posterior
      tympanotomy approach. However, partial or complete ossification of the cochlea
      may sometimes necessitate the use of our first technique of placement of
      electrodes one by one with Silastic pieces through twelve cochlear fenestrations.
      The indications for implanting depend on certain immutable criteria (total
      deafness, auditory response to electrical stimulation of the round window,
      patient's motivation), but other criteria are also described and discussed
      (socialization level, cochlear ossification, and preoperative electrophysiologic
      data). Associated handicaps (autism, blindness, tetraplegia) are not
      contraindications and often represent supplementary reasons for implantation.

PMID- 3839633
TI  - Our technique of electrode implantation. Experience with forty-six cases of
      electrode implantation.

PMID- 3839634
TI  - Pulsed ultraviolet lasers and the potential for safe laser angioplasty.
AB  - Endoscopic laser ablation of atheroma using continuous wave lasers is limited by
      imprecise control of thermal ablation, resulting in a crater that expands in
      width and depth, with thermal damage to adjacent normal tissue. We compared the
      gross and histologic effects of pulsed 308 mm excimer irradiation to continuous
      wave Nd:YAG and Argon Ion laser irradiation, and pulsed 1,060 nm, 532 nm, 355 nm,
      and 266 nm laser irradiation in 205 atherosclerotic aortic segments. In contrast
      to the continuous-wave Nd: YAG, Argon Ion, and pulsed 1,060 nm, 532 nm, and 355
      nm laser irradiation, which produced gross and histologic evidence of
      uncontrolled ablation, the 308 nm and 266 nm pulsed lasers induced incisions that
      conformed precisely to the beam configuration without gross evidence of thermal
      injury. The incision edges from these two lasers were histologically smooth and
      comparable to a scalpel incision. Our histologic findings suggest that rapid,
      precise endoscopic ablation of vascular and nonvascular tissue can be performed
      at these shorter pulsed wavelengths with very high precision with relatively
      little damage or risk to adjacent tissue.

PMID- 3839635
TI  - Dantrolene sodium and dystrophia myotonica.

PMID- 3839636
TI  - Determination of various 15N-enriched spermidines with gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - A novel method for the determination of all eight kinds of variously 15N-enriched
      spermidines including the natural one is described using gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. After strict assignments of nitrogen(s) in fragment ions split from
      pentafluoropropionyl derivative of spermidine with 20 eV impact, six fragments
      (P7 and P10 containing N1 and N4 of spermidine, P8 and P11 containing N4 and N8,
      and P14 and P15 containing N1, N4, and N8 as designated in the text) were found
      to be useful for calculating relative contents of the various spermidines. The
      calculation was carried out by a computer program with the input of 20 relative
      intensities observed at m/z 259-261, 273-275, 379-381, 393-395, 436-439, and 464
      467. Reliability of the method was examined by measuring known mixtures of
      authentic spermidines. In an experiment testing reproducibility, an average
      coefficient of variation was 4.8% with a reasonable accuracy for the eight
      spermidines. Linearity of relative ratios of 15N-enriched spermidines to the
      natural one was assured with an average correlation coefficient of 0.996. The
      present method was applied for spermidine synthase reaction, and it was confirmed
      that the enzyme from rat prostate could not discriminate against 15N of
      putrescine.

PMID- 3839637
TI  - Morphine concentration in brain and spinal cord after subarachnoid morphine
      injection in baboons.
AB  - Tritium-labeled morphine was injected into the lumbar (L4-5) subarachnoid space
      of three baboons. The animals were sacrificed 3, 6, and 24 hr thereafter.
      Morphine concentrations were measured at five predetermined positions within the
      spinal cord, medulla oblongata, and frontal lobes of the brain by scintillation
      count assay. The results revealed that morphine ascends in the subarachnoid space
      and is absorbed into the spinal cord and medulla oblongata in a time-dependent
      fashion. Ventilation was most depressed and maximal concentrations of morphine
      were detected in the medulla six hours after injection. Delayed respiratory
      depression, occasionally reported after intraspinal morphine injection, may
      therefore be caused as a result of the affinity of morphine for binding sites,
      possibly opiate receptors, situated within the vital respiratory and
      cardiovascular neuronal complexes of the medulla.

PMID- 3839638
TI  - Anesthesia and the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

PMID- 3839639
TI  - CLS 2210, hyaluronidase and the cardiac lymphatic system.
AB  - Earlier studies have shown that hyaluronidase exerts a potent influence upon the
      lymphatic system of the myocardium and that it reduces the size of myocardial
      infarcts after coronary occlusion. In this study we compared, in mongrel dogs,
      the effect of intravenous hyaluronidase or CLS 2210 upon the cardiac lymphatic
      vessels. We observed that in CLS 2210-treated animals the number of visualized
      cardiac lymphatic vessels was significantly higher than in the hyaluronidase
      treated control group. We have previously demonstrated a cardioprotective effect
      of hyaluronidase in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. The present
      experimental data indicate that intravenous CLS 2210 may have a definite role in
      the management of acute coronary occlusion. Further studies are needed to confirm
      these preliminary findings.

PMID- 3839640
TI  - Efficacy and safety of clorsulon used concurrently with ivermectin for control of
      Fasciola hepatica in Florida beef cattle.
AB  - The safety and anthelmintic efficacy of clorsulon (7 mg/kg of body weight,
      orally) given concurrently with ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg, subcutaneously) for
      control of Fasciola hepatica were evaluated in 75 crossbred beef cattle. Twenty
      three control animals were given only ivermectin. Fluke egg counts were
      significantly lower (P less than 0.0001) in clorsulon-treated animals by day 14
      after treatment than before treatment (base line) and were significantly lower (P
      less than 0.005) after treatment in clorsulon-treated animals than in controls.
      There was no significant change in fluke egg counts of controls after treatment.
      The efficacy of clorsulon in reducing F hepatica egg counts was 99%. Clorsulon
      showed poor efficacy against paramphistomes. Adverse reactions were not observed.

PMID- 3839641
TI  - Dexamethasone-induced recrudescence of malignant catarrhal fever and associated
      lymphosarcoma and granulomatous disease in a Formosan sika deer (Cervus nippon
      taiouanus).
AB  - Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) was diagnosed in a 2-week-old Formosan sika deer.
      The fawn had been previously exposed to a clinically normal neonatal wildebeest
      calf from which alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 was isolated. Alcelaphine herpesvirus-1
      was isolated from buffy coat leukocytes and nasal and ocular secretions of the
      fawn during the acute illness. The fawn clinically recovered after 3 weeks. Virus
      was not recovered from blood at this time. Dexamethasone, given 4 months after
      clinical recovery, resulted in reisolation of MCF virus from blood and
      recrudescence of clinical MCF. The deer was euthanatized. At necropsy,
      pathognomonic lesions of MCF, granulomatous disease, and malignant lymphoma were
      observed. Antibodies to bovine leukosis viral antigens were not detected in the
      serum. The epidemiologic and pathogenetic importance of the findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 3839642
TI  - Cytochrome P-450-catalyzed stereoselective epoxidation at the K region of
      benz[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene.
AB  - The enantiomers of K-region benz[a]anthracene (BA) 5,6-epoxide and benzo[a]pyrene
      (BP) 4,5-epoxide were resolved by chiral stationary-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography (CSP-HPLC). The K-region epoxides formed in the metabolism of BA
      by liver microsomes from untreated (control), phenobarbital (PB)-treated, and 3
      methylcholanthrene (MC)-treated male Sprague-Dawley rats were determined by CSP
      HPLC to have a 5R,6S/5S,6R enantiomer ratio of 25:75, 21:79, and 4:96,
      respectively. The K-region 4,5-epoxide formed in the metabolism of BP by the same
      rat liver microsomal preparations contained a 4R,5S/4S,5R enantiomer ratio of
      48:52 (control), 40:60 (PB), and 5:95 (MC), respectively. The results indicate
      that various cytochrome P-450 isozymes of rat liver exhibit different
      stereoselective properties in catalyzing the epoxidation reactions at the K
      region of BA and of BP.

PMID- 3839643
TI  - Rat intestinal peroxidase: inhibition by endogenous xanthine and xanthine
      oxidase.
AB  - The high-speed supernatant from homogenates of rat small intestine contains a
      heat-stable, dialyzable factor which showed a time-dependent inhibition of
      peroxidase activity in salt extracts of the tissue. The inhibitor was purified by
      chromatography on Dowex 50W-X8 and identified as xanthine. The inhibition of
      peroxidase by xanthine was prevented by allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine
      oxidase, and hypoxanthine was also found to be inhibitory. H2O2, produced in the
      reaction catalyzed by xanthine oxidase, was shown to be directly responsible for
      the observed inhibition. The time-dependent loss of peroxidase activity in the
      presence of xanthine or hypoxanthine occurred more rapidly in NH4Cl than in CaCl2
      extracts of small intestine and was due to the difference in the initial
      concentration of H2O2 in these two extracts. The possible relationship between
      peroxidase and xanthine oxidase in the rat small intestine is discussed.

PMID- 3839644
TI  - Biological activities and binding properties of 23,23-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin
      D3 and its 1 alpha-hydroxy derivative.
AB  - 23,23-Difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is 5-10 times less active than 25
      hydroxyvitamin D3 in stimulating intestinal calcium transport, bone calcium
      mobilization, increasing serum phosphorus, mineralization of rachitic bone, and
      binding to the plasma transport protein in rats. It is converted to 23,23
      difluoro-1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by chick renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1
      hydroxylase. This compound is one-seventh as active as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
      in binding to the chick intestinal receptor for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Thus,
      fluoro substitution on carbon-23 of vitamin D has an unexpected and unexplained
      suppressive action on plasma binding and biological activity. However, since this
      substitution does not block the biological response of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3,
      these results provide additional evidence that 23-hydroxylation of vitamin D is
      not involved in biological function.

PMID- 3839645
TI  - [Cell-killing effect in vitro of prostaglandin derivatives on an established
      human bladder cancer cell line, KK-47].
AB  - The cytotoxic effects of the prostaglandin derivatives, NP01A, NP07A and NP13A
      (Nihoniyakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd., Toyama, Japan) on asynchronous cells of an
      established human bladder cancer cells line, KK-47, have been investigated using
      an in vitro colony formation technique. The following results obtained: NP01A-and
      NP13A-treated cells presented survival curves showing an exponential decrease
      with increasing drug concentrations. NP07A-treated cells demonstrated a survival
      curve bearing a prominent shoulder at considerably high drug concentrations.
      Using these survival curves, the 50% and 90% cell growth inhibition
      concentrations (IC50 and IC90) of the derivatives were computed. NP13A showed the
      highest cell-killing effect in terms of IC50 or IC90. According to a statistical
      analysis of variances followed by unpaired t-test, NP07A showed a higher cell
      killing effect than that of NP01A (P less than 0.01). Based on a therapeutic
      index obtained from the ratio of clinical dosage to IC90, the derivatives proved
      to be of value in further in vivo studies.

PMID- 3839646
TI  - Formula milks for the older infant.

PMID- 3839648
TI  - Will the real neuroblastoma please stand up?

PMID- 3839647
TI  - Pharmacological studies of 1-(2,3-dimethyl-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-3-(1
      pyrrolidinyl)-1- propanone hydrochloride (AD-2239), a centrally acting muscle
      relaxant.
AB  - Centrally acting muscle relaxant properties of AD-2239 were compared with those
      of tolperisone, eperisone, diazepam and baclofen. AD-2239 dose-relatedly
      depressed extensor reflex in urethane-chloralose anesthetized intact and spinal
      rats, the i.v. potencies being similar to those of tolperisone and eperisone.
      These effects of AD-2239 were long-lasting. When orally administered, AD-2239 was
      4 times more potent than eperisone. Diazepam was without effect on the extensor
      reflex in spinal rats. AD-2239 depressed the flexor reflex without affecting the
      patellar reflex in anesthetized cats. Baclofen depressed the latter. When orally
      administered, AD-2239, in a dose-related manner, depressed the flexor reflex in
      anesthetized cats, with a potency approximately 8 times that of tolperisone or
      eperisone. AD-2239 produced a dose-related reduction of anemic decerebrate
      rigidity (alpha-rigidity) in rats. The potency, at the minimum effective i.v.
      dose, was 4 times greater than that of tolperisone or eperisone, equal to that of
      diazepam, and one-half of that of baclofen. AD-2239 neither affected spontaneous
      electroencephalogram (EEG) nor EEG arousal response in immobilized cats, while
      the other drugs, at comparatively low doses, depressed them. The results strongly
      suggest that AD-2239 may have advantages over the existing centrally acting
      muscle relaxants in the treatment of human clinical spasticity and muscle spasm
      syndromes.

PMID- 3839649
TI  - Lymph node examination. What is an adequate workup?
AB  - Lymph node examination has traditionally been difficult to perform
      satisfactorily. Both pathologists and clinicians often lack confidence in the
      resulting diagnosis, and repeated biopsy or routine requests for consultative
      opinion may follow. Artifactual distortion of lymph nodes during removal and
      processing are partially responsible for these unsatisfactory circumstances. More
      recently, a developing awareness of the inherent complexity of
      lymphoproliferative diseases and the availability of more sophisticated studies
      have further compounded these traditional problems. This article describes the
      specific methods recommended to allow community pathologists to scale lymph node
      examination to the diagnostic difficulty of the disease present. In particular,
      simple and inexpensive procedures allow tissue samples to be saved for
      immunologic phenotyping and electron microscopy while routine histopathologic
      sections are being evaluated.

PMID- 3839650
TI  - Standardization of the prothrombin time--finally.

PMID- 3839651
TI  - Pregnancy and lymphoma.

PMID- 3839652
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration of lymphadenopathy of suspected infectious etiology.
AB  - We present a protocol for culture of lymph node find-needle aspirations in a
      series of 44 patients. Clinical indications for inclusion in the protocol
      included fever, localized erythema, pain or heat, an independent clinical
      diagnosis of infection by the referring physician, or a grossly purulent
      appearance of the initial aspirate material. Organisms (fungi, bacteria, or
      mycobacteria) were isolated in 13 (30%) of the aspirates. The probable
      contamination rate was 9%. These figures approached the culture yields obtained
      from open biopsy specimens as reported in the literature. A notable discrepancy
      existed between the cytologic appearance of the aspirates and culture results in
      three cases of mycobacteria. Six unsuspected malignancies were diagnosed. There
      were no complications from the procedure in this series. Based on this study, we
      present recommendations for culture of fine-needle aspirates from lymph nodes.

PMID- 3839653
TI  - Effect of urine preservation on urine screening and organism identification.
AB  - Three urine preservation-transport methods were examined for their effect on
      rapid urine-screening procedures. Results from fresh urine specimens, screened
      for bacteriuria by leukocyte esterase, nitrate, Autobac, Bac-T-Screen, Auto
      Microbic System (AMS), and bioluminescence procedures, were compared with urine
      screen results from urine specimens held for 24 hours at room temperature in
      chemical preservatives. Quantitative discrepancies ranged from 0%, for urine
      preserved with glycerin-boric acid-sodium formate and tested by AMS or leukocyte
      esterase, to 21% for urines in the same preservative tested by bioluminescence or
      nitrate. Up to 62% of the organism identifications made from preserved urine
      specimens tested by the AMS urine card were in error. These data suggest that it
      may be inadvisable to use weak organic acid-based urine preservation systems in
      conjunction with these urine-screen procedures.

PMID- 3839654
TI  - Pathology of surgically excised mitral valves. One hundred consecutive cases.
AB  - In this study, 100 consecutive, surgically excised, mitral valves were examined
      pathologically. The valves were classified according to primary conditions that
      resulted in valvular malfunction. Rheumatic mitral valvular diseases (stenosis
      and/or insufficiency) accounted for 54% of the cases. Myxomatous changes
      (prolapse) were present in 32 cases. Fifty-nine percent (19 cases) of those cases
      with myxomatous changes also had chordal rupture. Four of the cases had papillary
      muscle rupture, and in seven cases, papillary muscle dysfunction occurred. In one
      case bacterial endocarditis was observed on a previously normal valve. In one
      case the pathology of valvular. In one case the pathology of valvular changes was
      indeterminant. Lupus erythematosus was diagnosed in one patient, and mitral valve
      insufficiency may have resulted as a complication.

PMID- 3839655
TI  - Types of aortic stenosis in surgically removed valves.
AB  - In 109 specimens of aortic valves removed surgically from adults for isolated or
      dominant aortic stenosis, five types of valve were encountered. In order of
      decreasing frequency the types were as follows: calcification of congenitally
      bicuspid aortic valves (48.6%); calcification of a normally tricuspid aortic
      valve without commissural fusion, the so-called senile type of aortic stenosis
      (27.6%); calcification of an acquired bicuspid valve (12.8%); the fibrous
      (rheumatic)-type valve (10.1%); and calcification of congenitally unicuspid
      valves (0.9%). In the overall study men were more commonly represented than women
      by a ratio of 3:2. In only the senile type were women more commonly represented
      than men.

PMID- 3839656
TI  - Idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy in newborn siblings with unusual
      light and electron microscopic manifestations.
AB  - We report two cases of idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy (IACI)
      occurring in newborn siblings. Unusual gross and light microscopic findings
      included calcification of multiple nonarterial tissues, renal infarction, and
      macroscopic aortic involvement. One case manifested an extensive acute
      panarteritis suggesting that IACI may be the result of an inflammatory or
      infectious process. Ultrastructural examination confirmed that the mineral
      deposits were hydroxyapatite and also indicated that they contained iron.
      Calcified tissue components included smooth-muscle cells, fibroblasts, and
      collagen fibers, as well as elastic fibers. No matrix vesicles or mitochondrial
      calcifications that may serve as nucleation sites for crystalline calcium
      phosphate were identified. Thus, the mechanism of calcification in IACI may be
      unique, and may relate to altered iron metabolism.

PMID- 3839657
TI  - New method for quantitating the medial component of pulmonary arteries. Factors
      affecting the measurements.
AB  - The study objectives were to determine the effect of several factors related to
      tissue preparation on the relationship between medial area and size of the
      muscular pulmonary artery (defined in terms of total length of internal elastic
      lamina). This relationship took the form y = Axb that was linearized by plotting
      the square root of medial area against artery size. Complete distention of
      pulmonary arteries by an injection medium caused the internal elastic lamina to
      stretch by a factor of approximately 1.5. The relationship between medial area
      and artery size was unaffected by either the pressure method used for lung
      inflation/fixation or the tissue-embedding medium. Tissue shrinkage was
      considerable with paraffin embedding and negligible with glycol methacrylate.
      More arteries were considered measurable in glycol methacrylate-embedded tissue.

PMID- 3839658
TI  - Ferruginous body formation on a nonasbestos mineral.
AB  - Tissue from a lung biopsy specimen was submitted for electron microscopy and x
      ray energy-dispersive analysis of ferruginous bodies. The presence of these
      entities had been used as a factor in concluding an asbestos-related tissue
      response. A 62-year-old man had worked for over 25 years in an iron reclamation
      and manufacturing facility that had no known sources of asbestos in the work
      environment. He had no history of recurrent respiratory problems. Combined
      studies in tissue sections as well as on digested specimens revealed that the
      core of a majority of the ferruginous bodies was an iron-rich fiber. The source
      of the fibers was traced to a material used in packing and insulation of the
      metal during the tempering process. While there is a widespread regional
      potential for exposure in both environmental and occupational settings, the
      question as to whether the dust is actually a health hazard or more of a nuisance
      pollutant remains unanswered. It is evident, however, that the fibrous mineral
      should be recognized as a stimulus for ferruginous body formation in humans.

PMID- 3839659
TI  - Abdominal Hodgkin's disease in a child.
AB  - We describe a girl with Hodgkin's disease limited to the abdomen. She had severe
      hypochromic, microcytic anemia with increased iron deposition in the liver.
      Abdominal Hodgkin's disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of
      a child with hypochromic anemia, systemic symptoms, and lack of peripheral
      adenopathy.

PMID- 3839660
TI  - Myeloma cells in the urine.
AB  - We report two unusual manifestations of multiple myeloma in a 71-year-old man.
      Late in the course of his disease, myeloma cells were observed in the patient's
      urinary sediment. At post mortem, the source of the cells was found to be a
      plasmacytoma of the urinary bladder. To our knowledge, this appears to be the
      first report of a clearly demonstrable anatomic source for myeloma cells in the
      urine.

PMID- 3839661
TI  - Disseminated Curvularia infection.
AB  - Curvularia is a saprophyte that rarely causes infection, and then usually occurs
      in immunocompromised patients. A 41-year-old man, previously in good health,
      developed pulmonary and cerebral infection with Curvularia lunata. With surgery
      and amphotericin B therapy, he recovered and was free of infection one year
      later.

PMID- 3839662
TI  - Coronary artery aneurysms presenting as sudden death 14 years after Kawasaki
      disease in infancy.
AB  - A 17-year-old boy who collapsed and died suddenly was found to have aneurysms of
      the right and left coronary arteries and evidence of a burned-out arteritis.
      There was a history, in infancy, of a severe febrile illness and skin rash that,
      in retrospect, was an acute episode of Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node
      syndrome). The observations support the contention that a previous episode of
      Kawasaki disease should be entertained as a possible cause of proximal, discrete
      coronary artery aneurysms presenting in adolescence or adulthood.

PMID- 3839663
TI  - Pulmonary peliosis.
AB  - Peliosis hepatis is an uncommon vascular lesion of unknown etiology, and its
      occurrence has been linked frequently to therapy with androgenic-anabolic
      steroids. Extrahepatic peliosis is ever rarer. It is found most commonly in the
      spleen and usually in conjunction with peliosis hepatis. Documented here is an
      unusual case of pulmonary peliosis, associated with peliosis hepatis and peliosis
      of the spleen, in a 40-year-old man who had Fanconi's anemia and who received
      long-term therapy with fluoxymesterone and methyltestosterone. To our knowledge,
      this represents only the second reported case of pulmonary peliosis in the
      English literature.

PMID- 3839664
TI  - Graves' ophthalmopathy.

PMID- 3839665
TI  - Static threshold examination of the peripheral nasal visual field in glaucoma.
AB  - Quantitative computerized threshold perimetry (OCTOPUS) was used to study the
      peripheral nasal field in patients with glaucoma and patients suspected to have
      glaucoma. Peripheral nasal defects (detected with a specially designed program)
      were found in the absence of abnormalities in the central field (as measured by
      OCTOPUS Program 31 or 32) in approximately 11% of all eyes being evaluated for
      glaucoma. Examination of the peripheral nasal field by sensitive quantitative
      threshold perimetry should be included in the careful evaluation of patients with
      glaucoma and those suspected to have glaucoma. This procedure not only will allow
      identification of early defects but also will allow careful follow-up of
      quantified abnormalities over time.

PMID- 3839666
TI  - Vitreolysis with the Q-switched laser.
AB  - We present an overview concerning the current status of photodisruptive methods
      used in the treatment of pathologic changes in the vitreous space. In one series
      of 320 cases studied, 65% of the planned dissections of pathologic structures
      were successful. In a second series of 34 more complicated cases, the success
      rate was even lower. Complications included 15 retinochoroidal hemorrhages and
      one damaged posterior lens capsule. When one compares optical-surgical methods
      with conventional methods, it is obvious that the former aim at achieving goals
      that are less ambitious than those of classic vitrectomy and, in many cases,
      serve only to prepare for - and facilitate - a classic vitrectomy. By definition,
      laser vitreolysis dissects, but cannot remove, the fragments of disrupted
      structures from the eyeball. However, despite the obvious risks, photodisruptive
      laser surgery is considered less dangerous than is classic vitrectomy because
      photodisruption is a "noninvasive" procedure. Since laser vitreolysis is able to
      solve a number of clinical problems, obviating the need for vitrectomy, the
      former procedure should receive increasing attention for the treatment of
      pathologic problems in the vitreous cavity.

PMID- 3839667
TI  - [Analysis of the reasons for repeat arthrotomy of the knee joint].

PMID- 3839668
TI  - Carbachol stimulation of phosphatidic acid synthesis: competitive inhibition by
      pirenzepine in synaptosomes from rat cerebral cortex.
AB  - Carbachol stimulated phosphatidic acid synthesis in cholinergically enriched
      synaptosomes from rat cerebral cortex. Increasing concentrations of pirenzepine
      (10-1000 nM) produced parallel concentration-response curves to carbachol which
      were shifted to the right. A pA2 value for pirenzepine of 8.4 +/- 0.3 was
      obtained from Schild analysis. We hypothesize that high affinity pirenzepine
      binding to M1 receptors is coupled to phosphatidic acid synthesis in the rat
      cerebral cortex.

PMID- 3839669
TI  - Determination of ethanol partition coefficients to the interior and the surface
      of dipalmityl-phosphatidylcholine liposomes using deuterium nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - The binding of ethanol-d6 to dipalmityl-phosphatidylcholine liposomes (DPPC) can
      be separated into two processes, namely, ethanol in the bilayer and on the
      surface of the bilayer. For the deuterons of the methylene group, the T2 of both
      bound states is shorter than the respective preexchange lifetime (tau beta) and
      therefore the amount of ethanol bound to both sites can be determined from the
      decrease in the methylene intensity resonance in the presence of DPPC. For the
      methyl resonance, however, only the T2 of deuterons on ethanol bound to the
      surface is less than its tau beta and the amount of surface bound ethanol-d6 can
      be determined. Subtraction yields the amount of ethanol bound within the bilayer.
      The partition coefficient for internally bound ethanol remains constant from 0 to
      3.5 m ethanol. Surface binding is, however, highly cooperative.

PMID- 3839670
TI  - Autoantibody to vasoactive intestinal peptide in human circulation.
AB  - In a radioassay for Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)-binding, eight out of 33
      plasma samples from healthy human subjects exhibited specific binding ranging
      from 2.6% to 46.7% of total [125 I]VIP. This binding was competitively displaced
      by unlabeled VIP. The structurally homologous peptides, Peptide Histidine
      Isoleucine (PHI) and secretin, were, respectively, 72-fold and 413-fold less
      potent than VIP in displacing bound [125 I]VIP, whereas the unrelated peptides,
      neurotensin, eledoisin, bombesin and metenkephalin, were without effect on the
      binding. The antibody nature of the VIP-binding factor was suggested by its
      precipitation with ammonium sulfate, attenuation after absorption with
      Staphylococcus aureus preparations, precipitation with antisera against human IgG
      and IgM, and coelution with standard IgG and IgM on anion-exchange and high
      performance gel-filtration columns. Pepsin treatment of purified IgG fraction
      yielded a VIP-binding species with apparent molecular weight of 108 +/- 13 kDa
      that was precipitated by antiserum against the F(ab)2 fragment of the IgG
      molecule. These results demonstrate the existence in some human plasmas of an
      autoantibody that binds VIP.

PMID- 3839671
TI  - Pyridine and imidazole reversibly inhibit the respiratory burst in porcine and
      human neutrophils: evidence for the involvement of cytochrome b558 in the
      reaction.
AB  - Heterocyclic nitrogenous bases, such as pyridine and imidazole which bind to heme
      iron in cytochromes, inhibited the respiratory burst in intact neutrophils and
      NADPH-dependent oxygen consumption in lysed cells. Inhibition was accompanied by
      a spectral change in reduced cytochrome b558 as judged by low-temperature
      spectroscopy at 77 K. The position and shape of the alpha-band of the cytochrome
      were significantly altered upon exposure to pyridine or some other bases. Both
      inhibition and spectral changes were reversible. The results are consistent with
      the view that cytochrome b558 is involved in the NADPH oxidase system in
      neutrophils.

PMID- 3839672
TI  - Lectin activity of gluten identified as wheat germ agglutinin.
AB  - A lectin in gluten was detected by agglutination of papain-treated human
      erythrocytes. A partially purified lectin preparation was obtained by
      chromatography on immobilized ovalbumin. This fraction showed the same sugar
      specificity as wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). There was no indication of lectins
      with carbohydrate specificities different from WGA in the various gluten
      fractions examined. Small amounts of the gluten lectin was then isolated by using
      an affinity column with specificity for WGA. Analyses of this gluten lectin by
      sodium dodecyl sulphate-gel electrophoresis showed bands with the same mobility
      as that of purified WGA. Our results indicate that the lectin properties of
      gluten are due to traces of WGA. This finding is relevant for theories about the
      pathogenesis of coeliac disease.

PMID- 3839673
TI  - Ribonuclease activity associated with the 60S ribosome-inactivating proteins
      ricin A, phytolaccin and Shiga toxin.
AB  - All purified preparations of the ribosome-inactivating proteins ricin A,
      phytolaccin and Shiga toxin were shown to exhibit ribonuclease activity with 5S
      or 5.8S rRNA substrates. These toxin species generated reproducible patterns of
      RNA fragments distinct for each toxin species while multiple preparations of a
      single toxin species yielded similar RNA fragment patterns. The heat inactivation
      profile of Shiga toxin was identical for its RNase and protein synthesis
      inhibitory activities. These data are the first to indicate that the ribosome
      inactivating catalytic toxins, in addition to alpha-sarcin, exhibit RNase
      activity. These results suggest RNase activity may be responsible for ribosome
      inactivation catalyzed by ricin, phytolaccin and Shiga toxin proteins.

PMID- 3839675
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for beta-endorphin (1-18), a novel pituitary peptide derived
      from proopiomelanocortin.
AB  - A specific radioimmunoassay was developed for beta-endorphin (1-18). The content
      of beta-endorphin (1-18) immunoreactivity in rat tissues was as follows:
      posterior pituitary 260 ng/fragment, anterior pituitary 1.46 ng/mg, hypothalamus
      11.9 pg/mg. The levels were undetectable (less than 3 pg/mg) in extrahypothalamic
      brain, pancreas, small intestine, prostata and testis. Gel filtration and reverse
      phase HPLC studies indicated that most of rat anterior pituitary immunoreactivity
      is due to native beta-endorphin (1-18), whereas the bulk of posterior pituitary
      immunoreactivity corresponds to more hydrophobic material, probably N-acetyl-beta
      endorphin (1-18). Thus, beta-endorphin (1-18) is a quantitatively important novel
      pituitary peptide derived from proopiomelanocortin. The posterior pituitary is an
      especially rich source of (N-acetyl)-beta-endorphin (1-18).

PMID- 3839674
TI  - Neuromedin U-8 and U-25: novel uterus stimulating and hypertensive peptides
      identified in porcine spinal cord.
AB  - Two novel peptides eliciting a potent stimulant effect on the rat uterus smooth
      muscle have been purified and identified in porcine spinal cord. These peptides
      were designated as neuromedin U-8 (8 amino acids long) and U-25 (25 amino acids
      long) referring to their uterus stimulating activity. Sequence analyses and
      syntheses revealed that neuromedin U-8 is a novel octapeptide with a C-terminal
      amide structure, while U-25 contains the U-8 sequence at its C-terminus, preceded
      by paired Arg residues, implicating their biosynthetic relationship. Their potent
      uterus stimulating activity and hypertensive effect, as well as their unique C
      terminal amide structure are indicative of their specialized physiological
      function.

PMID- 3839676
TI  - Association of folate molecules as determined by proton NMR: implications on
      enzyme binding.
AB  - The self-association in aqueous solution of folic acid (FA), 7,8-dihydrofolic
      acid (DHFA) and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA) has been studied by the use
      of proton magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. At concentrations below 10
      mM, all three folates exist in (monomer)2 in equilibrium dimer equilibria with
      association constants (Ka) equal to 400, 66 and 14 M-1 for FA, DHFA and THFA
      respectively. These values decreased markedly to 157, 18 and 3 M-1, for FA, DHFA
      and THFA respectively, in the presence of 0.8 M KCl. The high extent of
      dimerization of FA is believed to impede the interaction with the active site of
      dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) rendering it a poor substrate. In contrast, the
      DHFA with a much lower Ka is a better substrate. Conditions that lower the Ka of
      both FA and DHFA, (i.e., 0.8M KCl) turn them into better substrates. Based on the
      findings of the present study, it is also predicted that dihydro MTX may be a
      better inhibitor of DHFR than MTX.

PMID- 3839677
TI  - Major gangliosides in normal and pathological human thyroids.
AB  - The major gangliosides of human thyroids were extracted, purified and then
      analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. In normal thyroid, GM3 and GD3 represented
      about 80% of lipid-bound sialic acid. GM3 contained more than 50% of long-chain
      fatty acids, whereas GD3 contained mostly short ones. 4D hydroxy sphinganine
      represented 20% of long-chain base content in both cases. In pathological
      thyroids (Graves' disease, cancer, toxic adenoma), GM3 represented about 60% of
      lipid-bound sialic acid; its fatty acid content was mostly short chain fatty
      acids, as in normal GD3. 4D hydroxy sphinganine proportion was decreased.

PMID- 3839678
TI  - Ultrastructural development of hyperosteoidosis in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated rats fed
      high levels of dietary calcium.
AB  - To evaluate the sequential ultrastructural pathogenesis of the increase in
      osseous tissue and hyperosteoidosis previously demonstrated in rats administered
      supraphysiologic doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 and fed high levels of dietary calcium,
      young adult female rats were placed on a 2.5% calcium and 0.3% phosphorus diet,
      administered ethanol or 135 ng (5 units) 1,25(OH)2D3 IP daily, and killed after
      2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days. Metaphyseal trabeculae from 1,25(OH)2D3 and placebo
      treated rats were examined. Osteoblast hypertrophy characterized by increased
      cytoplasmic area, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, and prominent Golgi
      apparatus was evident in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated rats at Day 4. These osteoblasts
      were interpreted to be active in matrix synthesis. Widened osteoid seams were
      present at Day 6. Osteoblast hypertrophy and widened osteoid seams persisted
      through Day 10 in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated rats. The unmineralized bone matrix in
      1,25(OH)2D3-treated rats contained more numerous cytoplasmic processes from
      adjacent osteoblasts than did control animals and loosely arranged collagen
      fibrils, which failed to aggregate in regions adjacent to the osteoid-mineralized
      bone interface as in placebo-treated rats. Osteoid seams in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated
      rats contained irregular electron-dense foci, which were often concentrated
      around embedded cytoplasmic processes. Osteocytic hypertrophy characterized by
      increased cytoplasmic area, developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, and increased
      numbers of mitochondria was evident at Day 2 and was sustained through Day 10 in
      1,25(OH)2D3-treated rats. Variable-sized aggregates of electron-dense deposits
      similar to those concentrated around osteoblast cytoplasmic processes were
      observed in the pericellular space and on and immediately adjacent to the plasma
      membranes of osteocytes and embedding osteoblasts in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated rats as
      early as Day 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3839679
TI  - A placebo controlled comparison of the effects of pirenzepine and amitriptyline
      on the tyramine pressor test in healthy volunteers.
AB  - The possibility of an interaction between pirenzepine, an antimuscarinic drug
      structurally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, and sympathomimetic agents
      was investigated in a group of healthy volunteers. The effect of pirenzepine on
      response to intravenous tyramine was compared with that of placebo and
      amitriptyline. The mean dose of tyramine required to elevate systolic blood
      pressure by 30 mm Hg was 5.0 mg (+/- s.d. 0.8) after placebo, 5.1 mg (+/- 1.0)
      after pirenzepine and 11.3 mg (+/- 1.8) after amitriptyline. These results
      suggest that pirenzepine will not potentiate the effects of concurrently
      administered sympathomimetic drugs.

PMID- 3839680
TI  - Resonance Raman studies of the flavin and iron-sulfur centers of milk xanthine
      oxidase.
AB  - Resonance Raman spectroscopy has been used to study milk xanthine oxidase, an
      enzyme containing molybdenum, binuclear iron-sulfur clusters, and FAD as
      cofactors. The contribution of FAD dominates the resonance Raman spectrum at
      frequencies above 500 cm-1. As expected, no bands assignable to FAD are observed
      in deflavo xanthine oxidase. The resonance Raman spectrum below 500 cm-1 reveals
      the contribution of the Fe2S2(Cys)4 groups with frequencies similar to those of
      adrenodoxin and putidaredoxin. Resonance enhancement profiles of the Fe2S2(Cys)4
      clusters indicate intensity variations among the Fe2S2(Cys)4 peaks that are
      attributed to different excitation wavelength maxima of their bridging and
      terminal iron-sulfur vibrations. No evidence for Mo-ligand vibrations could be
      obtained by using excitation wavelengths between 363.8 and 514.5 nm.

PMID- 3839681
TI  - Phospholipids chiral at phosphorus. Use of chiral thiophosphatidylcholine to
      study the metal-binding properties of bee venom phospholipase A2.
AB  - It has been shown recently by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) that
      phospholipase A2 (PL A2) from bee venom shows a high degree of stereoselectivity
      toward the "isomer B" of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphocholine (DPPsC)
      [Bruzik, K., Jiang, R.-T., & Tsai, M.-D. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 2478-2486]. We
      now report a quantitative kinetic study of PL A2 using 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero
      3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and (RP)-, (SP)-, and (RP + SP)-DPPsC by a
      spectrophotometric assay. The substrates were mixed with Triton X-100 to form
      mixed micelles, and steady-state kinetic theories were applied. The enzyme was
      activated by Ca2+, which induced a conformational change of the enzyme, as shown
      by UV difference spectra. The apparent dissociation constant of Ca2+/PL A2 is 2.5
      mM. In the presence of Ca2+, large substrate specificity and stereospecificity in
      Vmax (in mumol min-1 mg-1) were observed: DPPC, 1850; (RP)-DPPsC, 7.6; (RP + SP)
      DPPsC, 64; (SP)-DPPsC, 0.044. On the other hand, relatively small variation in Km
      was observed, which suggests that the interfacial interaction is relatively
      nonspecific among the substrates studied. (SP)-DPPsC and Cd2+ were shown as
      competitive inhibitors for the hydrolysis of DPPC by Ca2+/PL A2. Binding of Cd2+
      with apo-PL A2 was also demonstrated by UV difference spectra, with a
      dissociation constant of 0.59 mM. Activation of apo-PL A2 by Cd2+ was
      unequivocally demonstrated for (SP)-DPPsC by use of 31P NMR. The Vmax values of
      Cd2+/PL A2 were DPPC/(RP)-DPPsC/(SP)-DPPsC = 17.6/0.069/0.0044 mumol min-1 mg
      1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3839683
TI  - Stopped-flow rapid kinetics of anesthetic-induced phase transition in
      phospholipid vesicle membranes: nonlocalized fluctuation.
AB  - Kinetics of the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition of
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicle membrane was studied by the stopped-flow
      technique with turbidity detection. The observed change in turbidity was well
      characterized by a single-exponential decay curve with relaxation time in the
      millisecond range, although the existence of a faster process than the dead-time
      of the stopped-flow apparatus was inferred from the amplitude analysis.
      Relaxation times were determined as functions of 1-hexanol concentration and
      temperature just below phase transition. From the analysis based on the theories
      of nonequilibrium relaxation, it is concluded that the phase transition induced
      by 1-hexanol is governed by a nonlocalized fluctuation mechanism. The anesthetic
      induced nonequilibrium state is unstable rather than metastable.

PMID- 3839682
TI  - Rates of hydration of fatty acids bound to unilamellar vesicles of
      phosphatidylcholine or to albumin.
AB  - The rates of hydration of naturally occurring fatty acids bound to unilamellar
      vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine were measured by following the rate of
      quenching of the inherent fluorescence of albumin. Rates of hydration of fatty
      acids bound to albumin could be estimated from the same data. The data show that
      these rates depend on the chain length and unsaturation of the fatty acid.
      Increasing chain length diminishes the rate of hydration whereas increasing
      unsaturation increases this rate. Rates of hydration of fatty acids bound to
      lipid vesicles appear to be rapid enough to account for intracellular movement
      between compartments in the absence of carrier proteins. It is uncertain whether
      this is true for hydration of fatty acids bound to albumin. Rates for this
      process are about 100-300 times slower vs. rates of hydration of fatty acids
      bound to lipid vesicles.

PMID- 3839684
TI  - Occurrence of glyceryl ethers in the phosphatidylcholine fraction of surfactant
      from dog lungs.
AB  - The molecular species of ether-linked lipids in the phosphatidylcholine (PC)
      fraction of the pulmonary surfactant obtained from the lavage fluid of dog were
      characterized. A combination of base-catalyzed methanolysis, phospholipase C
      treatment, gas-liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry procedures were
      applied. The phospholipid composition of the surfactant, obtained by phosphorus
      assay of lipids separated by silica gel G thin-layer chromatography (TLC), was:
      PC (75%), phosphatidylglycerol (10%), phosphatidylethanolamine (7%), plus small
      amounts of sphingomyelin, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine. The major
      components of the PC were 1,2-diacylPC (95%), and 1-O-alkyl-2-acylPC (5%). No
      detectable amounts of 1-O-alkyl-1'-enyl-2-acylPC or di-alkyl-1-enylPC were
      observed. The acyl groups present in the diacylPC were 14:0 (5%), 16:0 (68%),
      16:1 (12%), 18:0 (6%), 18:1 (7%) and 18:2 (2%). The predominant alkyl ether
      chains located at the carbon 1 position of the 1-O-alkyl-2-acylPC were 16:0
      (84%), 18:0 (5%) and 18:1 (14%). At the carbon 2 position only a 16:0 fatty acyl
      residue was detected. In three out of seven animals platelet-activating factor
      like activity, as determined by a platelet aggregation assay, was isolated by
      TLC. This aggregating activity was lost upon base-catalyzed methanolysis, but was
      restored by functional levels after acetylation.

PMID- 3839685
TI  - Catabolism of rat surfactant disaturated phosphatidylcholines during incubation
      of alveolar lavage materials in vitro at 37 degrees C.
AB  - Incubation of rat alveolar lavage materials in vitro at 37 degrees C results in
      degradation of the endogenous surfactant disaturated phosphatidylcholines
      (disaturated PC). When exogenous dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) vesicles
      are incubated with lavage materials, there is catabolism of the DPPC. The
      degradation process is temperature- and Ca2+-dependent and has a pH optimum of
      6.5-7.0. The products formed during catabolism of [3H]palmitate- and [14C]choline
      labeled disaturated PC are free palmitate and water-soluble choline products. No
      lysophosphatidylcholines are formed. Measurements of lactate dehydrogenase levels
      in lavage fluid, use of more gentle lavage techniques, use of Ca2+, Mg2+ and
      protein in the lavage medium, and measurements of bacterial contamination all
      suggest that enzymes are neither released into pulmonary lavage fluid via
      cellular damage nor are bacterial in origin. Degradation of surfactant
      disaturated PC does not occur during incubation of lavage materials from rabbits,
      mice or guinea pigs. These results suggest that phospholipases and/or
      lysophospholipases are present in rat alveolar lavage materials. Possible origins
      of these enzymes are discussed.

PMID- 3839687
TI  - Informatics applied to molecular biology.

PMID- 3839686
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against human pulmonary surfactant apoproteins: specificity
      and application in immunoassay.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against pulmonary surfactant apoproteins
      which were isolated from lung lavages of patients with alveolar proteinosis with
      the following steps: solubilization of the surface-active fraction by Triton X
      100, delipidation with butanol-ethanol extraction followed by column
      chromatographies on Blue-Sepharose and DEAE-Toyopearl in the presence of
      dithiothreitol. The fraction including 62 and 36 kDa proteins, i.e., pulmonary
      surfactant apoproteins, was used for the immunization. Monoclonal antibodies
      against the pulmonary surfactant apoproteins were prepared using hybridoma
      technology. The monoclonal antibodies prepared, PC6 and PE10, recognized the same
      proteins, i.e., 62 and 36 kDa proteins, in the patients' lavages. They also
      recognized 37 and 34 kDa proteins in human lung lavage and amniotic fluid.
      Quantitation of the apoproteins by enzyme-immunoassay using the monoclonal
      antibodies has been developed. A combination of PC6 and PE10 was found to be
      useful for a two-site sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), where
      it gave a good dose response and was capable of measuring 10-1280 ng of the
      apoprotein/ml. The specificity of the monoclonal antibodies in animal species was
      tested by this sandwich ELISA. The results indicated that the monoclonal
      antibodies obtained in this study are specific for the human lung.

PMID- 3839688
TI  - A user-friendly biological workstation.
AB  - Learning methods developed by artificial intelligence research teams are very
      efficient for biological sequences analysis but they need running on large
      computers accessed by terminals. These computers are interfaced with standard
      displays involving long and unpleasant alphanumerical data handling. The
      "biological work station" is a personal computer with a color graphic screen
      providing a user-friendly interface for the artificial intelligence learning
      programs running on large computers. It provides to biologist a graphical
      convenient tool for sequence analysis built with efficient man-machine
      communication methods such as multiwindows, icons and mouse selection. It allows
      the biologist to edit and display sequences in an efficient and natural way,
      showing off directly on color pictures the data and the results of learning
      programs.

PMID- 3839689
TI  - Graphical coding of nucleic acid sequences.
AB  - When, in a nucleic acid sequence, the four letters C, G, A, T (or U) are replaced
      by suitable graphical symbols, some patterns become immediately apparent. Two
      sets of symbols, constructed for the analysis of either purine/pyrimidine
      alternations, or of regions of complementarity within a sequence are shown. In
      addition, another mode of coding is presented, in which the four letters are
      represented by vectors. The sequence is thus transformed into a planar
      trajectory. We show, in the case of the gene for human beta hemoglobin, that such
      a coding enables an easy discrimination between introns and exons.

PMID- 3839690
TI  - OURCIN: a tool to build expert systems.
AB  - OURCIN is a tool to build expert systems, which was developed by a joint team
      from INRIA and SEMA. We emphasized developing on this system the ergonomic
      features which make Expert Systems a comfortable and interesting approach for
      knowledge engineering.

PMID- 3839691
TI  - Statistico-syntactic learning techniques.
AB  - The methods of "learning from examples" enable the solving of problems of
      classification: discrimination between two classes of objects, assimilation of an
      object to a class of objects representing a property. They are used in a
      situation where we don't know a priori a procedure in order to decide, but we
      have examples (in sufficient amount). After a learning stage with the examples, a
      procedure to solve the problem is built. In the exposed methodology the
      description of an object is a list of attributes, the acquired knowledge is sets
      of "rules" considered as arguments in favour of a particular decision.

PMID- 3839692
TI  - [Structural descriptions. Discrimination and learning of these descriptions].
AB  - In order for the computer to learn about objects, the user must first provide a
      good description language for these objects. In this paper we present a new
      description language which is structural. Structural descriptions portray objects
      as composite structures consisting of various components. Structural descriptions
      can be contrasted with attribute descriptions, which specify only global
      properties of an object. Attribute descriptions can be expressed using
      propositional logic. Structural descriptions, however, must be expressed in first
      order logic. We present how this language works, why it is suitable for
      biochemical objects and how one can discriminate on structural descriptions.
      Finally, we present an application on learning about tRNA which has yielded very
      good results brings evident of feasibility.

PMID- 3839693
TI  - Sequence representation.
AB  - This article deals with the definition of a method for analyzing sequences of
      symbols, especially biological sequences. We are mostly interested in finding
      representations of sequences, that could help to explicit relationship between
      their structure and their activity. Starting with automatically built rules,
      governing occurrences of symbols within sequences, we define ways of using these
      rules to determine different subsequences that we assume to be contexts. Labelled
      contexts provide a possible representation of sequences. Finally an example of
      detected contexts in proteins is given.

PMID- 3839694
TI  - [Prediction of secondary structures of nucleic acids: algorithmic and physical
      aspects].
AB  - Prediction of secondary structures in nucleic acids requires both an adequate
      physical model and powerful calculation algorithms. In our approach, we cut the
      molecules in sections of which the contributions to the global energy are context
      dependent but roughly additive. The structure of minimum energy is obtained by a
      tree search under constraints of binary incompatibilities. Our algorithm of the
      "incompatibility islets" is shown to be more powerful than the "bit parallel
      forward checking" algorithm, well known in Artificial Intelligence. Recurrent
      algorithms, proposed by other authors are even more rapid, but often miss the
      correct structures, for they demand a strict additivity of the energetic
      contributions, physically unjustified. New strategies, required to deal with
      molecules of more than 200 nucleotides are discussed. Our physical model has been
      improved by considering the special case of internal loops beginning with a G-A
      opposition. A bonus of 1.5 kcal. is attributed to such a feature, at each side of
      an internal loop. To illustrate our programs, we give the computed schemes for
      the 3' termini of the small subunit ribosomal RNA.

PMID- 3839695
TI  - Application of learning techniques to splicing site recognition.
AB  - Most genes of eukaryotic genomes are disrupted by introns. The application of a
      learning technique which uses both statistic and syntactic analysis lead to the
      establishment of logical rules enabling the recognition of intron/exon junctions
      between uncoding and coding sequences. The rules were tested on rat actin gene
      sequences containing some or all of the introns and 50 exon nucleotides on either
      side of the intron. The results show good recognition of the excision site. This
      recognition is more ambiguous when the sequence is short; for the acceptor
      sequence it presents a good selection. The learning achieved with both the donor
      and acceptor sequence does not lead to recognition. This result indicates that it
      is not the relationship between donor and acceptor sites in the same intron which
      determines sequence selection or the splicing mechanism.

PMID- 3839696
TI  - Computer search of calcium binding sites in a gene data bank: use of learning
      techniques to build an expert system.
AB  - Using a learning set of 28 sequences able to bind calcium (each sequence is 12
      residues long), we have built two filters by learning on this set. The first
      filter uses a pattern-matching technique and the second one takes into account
      the environment of amino-acids. These two filters have been used to find new
      calcium-binding proteins in a data bank. The results are discussed.

PMID- 3839697
TI  - [Diaphorase reactions of lipoamide dehydrogenases from the adrenal ketoglutarate
      dehydrogenase complex].
AB  - Lipoamide dehydrogenase, a component of the bovine adrenal ketoglutarate
      dehydrogenase complex, catalyzes the oxidation of NADH by p-quinones and
      ferricyanide. The kinetics of oxidation obey the ping-pong mechanism. At pH 7.0,
      the constants for the active center oxidation by quinones (kox) are equal to 1.1
      X 10(4)-5.3 X 10(5) M-1s-1 and increase as the acceptor potential rises. The
      values of kox for quinones change insignificantly within the pH range of 7.7-5.0,
      whereas that for ferricyanide increases 10-fold with a decrease of pH from 7.0 to
      5.0. The value of the catalytic constant for the enzyme (kcat) reaches its
      maximum at pH 5.5. The quinones interact with the thiol groups of lipoamide
      dehydrogenase by inhibiting the fluorescence of FAD and diaphorease activity. The
      reaction is catalyzed by a basic amino acid (pK 6.7) within the composition of
      the enzyme.

PMID- 3839698
TI  - Characterization of adenosine-induced respiratory depression in the preterm
      rabbit.
AB  - The respiratory performance was studied after intraperitoneal administration of
      the adenosine agonists N6-phenyl-isopropyl-adenosine (PIA) and adenosine-5
      ethylcarboxamide to preterm (gestational age 29-30 days) newborn halothane
      anesthetized rabbits. Both agonists induced marked hypoventilation and irregular
      breathing by decreases in the breathing frequency as well as the tidal volume.
      Expiratory time was markedly prolonged, resulting in a decrease in the
      respiratory duty cycle (inspiratory time/total cycle duration). Analysis using
      the occluded-breath technique revealed that the adenosine analogues altered the
      time setting of the expiratory (inspiratory) neuronal circuits and lowered the
      inspiratory off-switch level, while inspiratory drive and the bulbopontine
      setting of the inspiratory phase were unaltered. The ventilatory response to CO2
      was blunted after both adenosine analogues studied. Theophylline almost
      completely reversed the hypoventilation and irregular breathing seen after PIA
      injection. It is concluded that activation of central nervous adenosine receptors
      induced a marked respiratory depression in the preterm rabbit. Furthermore, our
      data imply that an overactivity of central adenosine mechanisms may have a
      pathophysiological significance for the irregular breathing or apnea of
      prematurity sometimes seen in the human neonate.

PMID- 3839699
TI  - Histochemical demonstration of ornithine transcarbamylase activity in fetal
      liver.
AB  - A histochemical technique for demonstrating ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC)
      activity in human and rhesus monkey fetal liver is described. The proportion of
      OTC-positive cells increases in fetal monkey liver between 130 and 150 days of
      gestation. The histochemical assay can be used to verify the prenatal diagnosis
      of OTC deficiency in the human fetus.

PMID- 3839700
TI  - Conformational effects on peptide aggregation in organic solvents: spectroscopic
      studies of two chemotactic tripeptide analogs.

PMID- 3839701
TI  - [Effect of leu-enkephalin and the delta-sleep-inducing peptide, M (DSIP), on
      endogenous noradrenaline release by brain synaptosomes in the rat].
AB  - Fluorometry was employed to measure the noradrenaline (NA) content in rat brain
      synaptosomes depending on the duration of incubation, depolarization effects (40
      mM KCl or 1.5 mM ouabain), composition of the synaptosomal fraction and
      concentration of the peptides. The 10-minute incubation in a potassium medium of
      a suspension of light synaptosomes was used as an optimal test-system for
      studying the peptide action. Leu-enkephalin inhibited the depolarization-induced
      NA release. The effect was abolished by naloxone. The delta-sleep-inducing
      peptide (DSIP) did not influence the neurotransmitter release at concentrations
      of 10(-8)-10(-5) M. A mixture of amino acids imitating the amino acid composition
      of the DSIP influenced spontaneous release of NA. This effect is discussed in
      connection with the physiological action of the peptide on its intraventricular
      injection.

PMID- 3839702
TI  - A single common electrophoretic abnormality of glucocorticoid receptors in human
      leukemia cells.
AB  - We determined the mol wt of glucocorticoid receptors in human leukemia cells in
      order to detect glucocorticoid receptor defects that might cause glucocorticoid
      resistance. Glucocorticoid receptors in intact cells were affinity labeled with
      [3H]dexamethasone-21-mesylate and were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Receptors in normal human peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells and six human leukemia cell lines had mol wt of 97,000.
      Malignant cells from ten of 25 patients with leukemia contained
      electrophoretically abnormal glucocorticoid receptors having mol wt of 55,000 in
      addition to normal size receptors (Mr = 97,000). The receptor abnormality was not
      restricted to a particular type of leukemia and was seen in cells from both newly
      diagnosed patients and patients who had received prior chemotherapy, including
      prednisone. The abnormal receptor was not generated when cells having only normal
      size receptors were assayed under conditions that favor proteolysis or when
      cytosol from cells containing the abnormal receptor form was mixed with cytosol
      from cells containing only normal size receptors. The mol wt of the abnormal
      receptors in human leukemia cells was the same as the mol wt of receptors in
      mutant mouse lymphoma cell lines, S49 143R and S49 55R, which have the nuclear
      transfer-increased phenotype of glucocorticoid resistance. This work describes
      for the first time a single common electrophoretic abnormality of glucocorticoid
      receptors in human leukemia cells. Further investigation of glucocorticoid
      receptor defects in human leukemia cells could lead to an improved understanding
      of the mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance in leukemia as well as a method of
      predicting which patients are likely to be resistant to glucocorticoid therapy.

PMID- 3839703
TI  - Detection and elimination of duplicates from multidatabase searches.
AB  - A major problem in the review and synthesis of citations resulting from
      multidatabase searching is overlap in coverage among the databases. The ability
      to identify and eliminate duplicate references from a multidatabase search
      provides an important service and significant time savings for the end user. The
      Upjohn Company's Corporate Technical Library has developed software to detect and
      eliminate duplicates from literature searches captured in electronic format.
      Methods for the identification of duplicates and the merging and sorting of
      unique citations are discussed, together with the library's procedures for
      electronic data capture.

PMID- 3839704
TI  - Organizational dynamics of an NLM-grant-funded consortium: the Nursing
      Information Consortium of Orange County.
AB  - The development of the Nursing Information Consortium of Orange County (NICOC) is
      traced over time, and reasons for the crises encountered are explored. Based on
      the experiences of NICOC, recommendations for other consortia are included, as
      well as for the consortium grant process.

PMID- 3839705
TI  - Use of D-xylose to detect ingestion of a powdered milk food supplement by family
      members other than the children 0-2 years of age for whom it was intended.

PMID- 3839706
TI  - A search for selective antagonists at M2 muscarinic receptors.
AB  - Isolated preparations of guinea-pig ileum and atria have been used to estimate
      the dose-ratios produced by antagonists at muscarinic receptors. Experiments with
      4-diphenyl-acetoxy-N-methylpiperidine (4DAMP) metho-salts and with its isomer,
      3DAMP methiodide, indicate that these are only slightly affected by the choice of
      physiological salt solution, the choice of agonist and the presence or absence of
      hexamethonium. Methyl or chloro groups in the p-position of the two benzene rings
      in 4DAMP metho-salts markedly reduce affinity and selectivity. When the two
      benzene rings are linked together, as in the fluorene-9-carboxylic ester, the
      affinity for the receptors in the atria is comparable with that of 4DAMP
      methobromide but that for the ileum is about half, so the selectivity is reduced.
      When the rings are linked as in the xanthene-9-carboxylic ester, the affinity for
      receptors in both tissues is greater than that of 4DAMP methobromide but there is
      less selectivity. When two molecules of 4DAMP are linked together by a
      polymethylene chain of from 4 to 12 carbon atoms the effects on affinity for
      muscarinic receptors in the guinea-pig ileum are different from those on affinity
      for muscarinic receptors in guinea-pig atria. The pentamethylene compound is the
      most selective: compared with 4DAMP methobromide it has slightly less affinity
      for receptors in the ileum but much less affinity for receptors in the atria. The
      effects of the compounds in antagonizing the actions of carbachol on atrial rate
      are not markedly different from their effects in antagonizing its actions on the
      force of the atrial contractions.

PMID- 3839708
TI  - Mechanism of the antinociceptive action of mesaconitine: participation of brain
      stem and lumbar enlargement.
AB  - The antinociceptive action of mesaconitine (MA) microinjected into the nucleus
      reticularis gigantocellularis (NRGC), the nucleus reticularis
      paragigantocellularis (NRPG), the periaqueductal gray (PAG) or the lumbar
      enlargement was investigated in rats by use of the tail immersion test. In
      addition, the effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and an alpha-adrenoceptor
      antagonist administered intrathecally (i.t.) on the antinociceptive action of MA
      given into the NRPG were also examined by the tail immersion test. MA (50, 100 ng
      per rat) microinjected into the NRGC, the NRPG, and PAG and the lumbar
      enlargement increased the response latency in rats in a dose-dependent fashion.
      MA (50 ng per rat) microinjected into neighbouring sites, the nucleus reticularis
      parvocellularis, the nucleus originis nervi abducentis and the fasciculus
      longitudinalis medialis, elicited no significant effect. Intrathecally
      administered propranolol (1 and 5 micrograms per rat), atenolol (1 and 5
      micrograms per rat) and IPS-339 (1 and 5 micrograms per rat) remarkably inhibited
      the increase of the response latency induced by MA (50 ng per rat) given into the
      NRPG. Intrathecally administered phenoxybenzamine (1 and 5 micrograms per rat)
      inhibited the increase of the response latency induced by MA (50 ng per rat)
      injected into the NRPG but to a lesser extent than the beta-adrenoceptor
      antagonists. It is concluded that the NRGC, the NRPG, the PAG and the lumbar
      enlargement are involved in the sites of the antinociceptive action of MA and
      that the antinociceptive effect of MA administered into NRPG is elicited by
      activation of the inhibitory noradrenergic neurones from the NRPG in particularly
      via beta-receptor-mediated effects of noradrenaline.

PMID- 3839707
TI  - Stimulation rate modulates effects of the dihydropyridine CGP 28 392 on cardiac
      calcium-dependent action potentials.
AB  - Calcium (Ca2+)-dependent action potentials were recorded from 22 mM potassium
      (K+)-depolarized guinea-pig papillary muscle at several different pacing
      frequencies in the absence and presence of CGP 28 392 (10 microM), a Ca2+ channel
      agonist. The maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax) of the slow response action
      potential was measured to determine relative changes in Ca2+ current as a
      function of pacing frequency. CGP 28 392 increased Vmax more than two fold at low
      rates of stimulation (1 or 12 pulses min-1), but had no significant effect on
      Vmax during rapid pulsing (200 pulses min-1). The enhancement of Vmax was
      dependent upon extracellular [K+]. Increasing extracellular [K+] from 22 mM to 27
      mM suppressed the frequency-dependent agonist effects and increased the
      antagonist effects on Vmax. These results indicate that CGP 28 392 is a partial
      Ca2+-channel agonist and suggest that its effects on Ca2+ current are voltage
      dependent.

PMID- 3839709
TI  - Feeding and drinking elicited by central injection of neuropeptide Y: evidence
      for a hypothalamic site(s) of action.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY), which exists in very high concentrations in the brain, has
      been shown to elicit a powerful feeding response and a small drinking response in
      satiated rats. In order to delineate the brain sites sensitive to these effects,
      NPY was injected through chronic guide cannulas into seven different brain
      regions, and the food and water intake of satiated rats was measured one hr
      postinjection. Injection of NPY (78 pmoles) into hypothalamic areas, namely the
      paraventricular nucleus (PVN), ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), and lateral
      hypothalamus (LH), elicited a strong feeding response; in contrast, injections
      into extra-hypothalamic areas, namely the amygdala, thalamus, and periaqueductal
      gray, were completely ineffective. Administration of NPY into the PVN and VMH
      also elicited a small drinking response; however, all other areas, including the
      LH, were insensitive to this effect. The findings that NPY was effective in the
      hypothalamus, as opposed to sites anterior, posterior, lateral or dorsal to this
      structure, suggest a hypothalamic site(s) of action for this neuropeptide.

PMID- 3839710
TI  - Atracurium in neonatal anaesthesia.

PMID- 3839711
TI  - Computer-assisted correlation of structure and biological activity in a set of
      retinoids.
AB  - A computer-assisted pattern-recognition system (ADAPT) designed to elucidate
      structure-activity relationships was applied to a set of retinoids, potentially
      useful inhibitors of carcinogenesis. A data set of 67 retinoids was used as input
      to the ADAPT system; their structures were entered, and their 3-dimensional
      configurations were optimized by a molecular modelling algorithm. Forty of these
      retinoids were defined as the "more active" class based upon their ability to
      reverse keratinization in vitamin A-deficient hamster tracheal organ cultures at
      10(-10) M or less. The remaining 27 retinoids were defined as the "less active"
      class due to their lack of ability to elicit this effect at 10(-8) M or more.
      Thirteen descriptors were generated by ADAPT for each of these retinoids based
      upon their structures, including: number of ring atoms; double bonds; del Re
      sigma charges; and principal moments. Pattern recognition analysis techniques
      were applied to this data set to determine if information contained in these
      descriptors could generate a discriminant function equation which could separate
      more active from less active retinoids, successfully. Computer recognition of
      more active from less active retinoids was demonstrated by a number of pattern
      recognition techniques, and the discriminant function could predict correctly the
      relative activity of retinoids of "unknown" activity in 87% of trials. These
      results indicate the existence of distinct structure-activity relationships in
      this set of biologically important molecules.

PMID- 3839712
TI  - Potent antileukemic activity of the novel cytostatic agent avarone and its
      analogues in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Avarone and avarol are novel cytostatic agents which have potent antileukemic
      activity both in vitro and in vivo (mice). Cell culture experiments revealed that
      the cytostatic activity of these two compounds on L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells was
      13- to 14-fold higher than that determined for HeLa cells and 40- to 43-fold
      higher than that for human melanoma cells. Nontumor cells (human fibroblasts and
      human gingival cells) were highly resistant against the two compounds. The
      inhibitory potency of avarone on L5178Y cells (50% inhibitory concentration, 0.62
      microM) was significantly higher than the avarol activity (50% inhibitory
      concentration, 0.93 microM). Modification of the molecule at the quinone ring or
      the double bond in the terpenoid skeleton resulted in a significant loss of
      activity. In vivo studies with L5178Y cells in the ascites of mice confirmed the
      strong antileukemic effect determined in vitro. At doses of 10 mg/kg given i.p.
      once daily for 5 days to mice bearing approximately 10(8) leukemia cells, avarone
      was found to be curative in about 70% of the mice (20% for avarol). The optimal
      daily i.p. dose of avarone increased life span over controls by 146% when
      treatment was begun 1 day after tumor implantation and by 87% when treatment was
      delayed until day 8. Avarol, although active, was less effective. Based on the
      determined log10 kill values, avarone can be classified as a highly active and
      avarol as a markedly active cytostatic agent. The efficacy of the two compounds
      is also emphasized by the therapeutic index of 11.7 for avarone and of 4.5 for
      avarol. The two agents were determined not to be either direct mutagens or
      premutagens in the Ames test.

PMID- 3839713
TI  - Treatment of acute leukemia with amsacrine and high-dose cytarabine.
AB  - We varied the number of doses of high-dose cytarabine (3 g/m2) given to patients
      with acute leukemia in relapse who were receiving therapeutic doses of amsacrine
      (600 mg/m2/course). Twelve patients received 13 courses of therapy. Two of six
      patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and one of three with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia achieved remission. Dose-limiting toxicity (diarrhea) was
      seen in patients receiving more than five daily doses of high-dose cytarabine. We
      conclude that therapeutic doses of amsacrine can be combined safely with five
      daily doses of high-dose cytarabine and that a formal study is now required to
      assess the efficacy of this regimen.

PMID- 3839714
TI  - Phase II study with amsacrines (m-AMSA and m-AMSA lactate) in refractory
      lymphomas.
AB  - A total of 70 patients with malignant lymphomas refractory to one or more
      chemotherapeutic regimens were treated with iv amsacrines (m-AMSA and m-AMSA
      lactate). Of 58 evaluable patients, 12 had Hodgkin's disease and 46 had non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma. Twenty-nine of the evaluable patients received m-AMSA and 29
      received m-AMSA lactate. The amsacrines were recycled every 3 weeks. The doses of
      m-AMSA were 90-120, 70, and 25-30 mg/m2/day for 3 days, respectively. All
      patients treated with m-AMSA lactate received a single dose of 225 mg/m2. In
      Hodgkin's disease, the response rate was 58.3% (one complete response among 12
      patients), and in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the response rate was 30.4% (six
      complete responses among 46 patients). The median duration of response was 3 and
      5 months, respectively. The response rate was unfavorably affected by the
      presence of extra-nodal disease and a Karnofsky performance status less than 80.
      There was no important difference in the incidence and duration of response
      between m-AMSA and m-AMSA lactate. After vomiting, myelosuppression was the most
      frequent observed toxic effect. One patient showed an unexpected fatal bone
      marrow aplasia following the first course of 90 mg/m2. This study indicates that
      m-AMSA and m-AMSA lactate are active and moderately toxic in previously treated
      malignant lymphomas. Thus, amsacrines could be effectively incorporated into
      salvage polydrug regimens.

PMID- 3839715
TI  - Neurochemically similar myenteric and submucous neurons directly traced to the
      mucosa of the small intestine.
AB  - Antisera to neuropeptide Y (NPY) gave an intense immunohistochemical reaction of
      certain nerve cells in the myenteric and submucous plexuses of the guinea-pig
      small intestine. Each nerve cell had up to 20 branching, tapering processes that
      were less than approximately 50 micron long and a long process that could be
      followed for a considerable distance. This morphology corresponds to that of the
      type-III cells of Dogiel. The long process of each myenteric cell ran through the
      circular muscle to the submucosa, and in most cases the process could be traced
      to the mucosa. The submucous nerve cell bodies also had processes that extended
      to the mucosa. These cell bodies, in both plexuses, also stained with antisera
      raised against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), cholecystokinin (CCK),
      choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and somatostatin (SOM), but did not stain with
      antibodies against enkephalin, substance P or vasoactive intestinal peptide.
      Thus, it has been possible for the first time to trace the processes of
      chemically specified neurons through the layers of the intestinal wall and to
      show by a direct method that CGRP/CCK/ChAT/NPY/SOM myenteric and submucous nerves
      cells provide terminals in the mucosa.

PMID- 3839716
TI  - Monomolecular surface film and tubular myelin figures of the pulmonary surfactant
      in hamster lung.
AB  - Perfusion fixation via pulmonary trunk was applied to the alveolar lining layer
      in situ at different lung volumes using a fixative containing tannic acid
      ferrocyanide osmium. The monomolecular surface film and hypophasic tubular myelin
      figures were enhanced. In the range of transpulmonary pressure (1-10 cmH2O), the
      surface film appeared in the form of a single, electron-dense leaflet, 2.7 +/-
      0.6 nm (M +/- SD) in thickness while trilaminar membrane structure was retained
      in all parts of the tubular myelin figures of the hypophase. The surface film was
      attached underneath at right angles with trilaminar membranes which formed the
      outermost parts of the tubular myelin. Such structural continuity was taken to
      support a view that the phospholipid unit membrane of the tubular myelin figure
      would be transformed at the hydrophobic phase into a pair of monomolecular
      leaflets, eventually forming the surface film.

PMID- 3839717
TI  - Molecular probes for the development and plasticity of neural crest derivatives.
AB  - We have isolated cDNA clones for several mRNAs expressed in sympathetic neurons
      but not in adrenal chromaffin cells, two neural crest derivatives thought to
      share a common precursor. The tissue specificity, developmental expression, and
      hormonal regulation of these genes have been characterized using Northern blot
      and in situ hybridization analysis. We find that these mRNAs are independently
      regulated in development rather than synchronously induced. Our evidence also
      implicates Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in the induction of one of these genes in
      postmigratory crest cells. Two of these genes become induced in mature chromaffin
      cells, which express a neuronal morphology in response to NGF. These results
      support the idea that the phenotypic plasticity of neural crest derivatives
      reflects a common precursor, the multipotentiality of which is sustained through
      terminal differentiation.

PMID- 3839718
TI  - Coexistence of PP- and glucagon-like-immunoreactivity in endocrine cells of gut
      and pancreas of mouse and a stomachless fish Barbus conchonius.

PMID- 3839719
TI  - Avian skin embryonal fibroblasts heterogeneity for lectins surface receptors.
AB  - Using several fluorescein-coupled lectins (ConA, WGA and SBA) the distribution of
      surface ligands in chick embryonic skin fibroblasts was studied at two incubation
      stages. On the basis of the percentage of lectin marked cells, at least, three
      fibroblastic populations heterogeneous for surface specific-saccharide binding
      sites were found. Their relative concentration were changed in the course of
      incubation, thus indicating developmental changes. We discuss this finding in
      relation to the regulatory mechanism of the spatial and temporal mesenchymal
      glycosaminoglycan pattern.

PMID- 3839720
TI  - Effect of adjuvant tamoxifen and CMF on endocrine function of patients with
      operable breast cancer.
AB  - The effect of adjuvant CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil)
      and tamoxifen (TM) on endocrine function was studied in 120 women with stage I-II
      operable breast cancer. Sixty patients were premenopausal, of whom 25 were
      treated with CMF for 9 months, 25 received CMF for 9 months + TM for 2 years,
      started concurrently, and 10 TM alone for 2 years. In all groups treatment was
      started within 4 weeks from mastectomy. Sixty patients were postmenopausal and
      they were all treated with TM alone for 2 years. Plasma levels of estrone +
      estradiol -17 beta (E1 + E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing
      hormone (LH), prolactin (Prl), and testosterone (T) were determined in all
      patients before surgery and again at 3-month intervals from initiation of the
      adjuvant therapy. In ten patients of each treatment group FSH-LH and Prl-TSH
      release was determined following stimulation with releasing hormones. CMF and CMF
      + TM therapy resulted in amenorrhea in the majority of premenopausal patients
      with decrease of E1 + E2 and elevation of FSH-LH plasma concentration to levels
      of the post-menopausal. In premenopausal women treated with TM a marked increase
      of E1 + E2 was observed with unaltered FSH-LH plasma concentration. A significant
      fall of Prl was also present in these patients. In postmenopausal women and
      premenopausal patients with CMF-induced amenorrhea TM produced a marked fall of
      FSH-LH and a decrease of Prl plasma level. In no patients was plasma T affected
      by any of the treatment regimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3839721
TI  - Experimental arteriosclerosis treated by argon ion and neodymium-YAG laser
      endarterectomy.
AB  - The argon ion laser (488 and 514.5 nm) and the Nd-YAG laser (1.06 micron) have
      been used in most studies of laser radiation for treatment of arteriosclerotic
      cardiovascular disease because their beams can be directed through a delivery
      fiber. We compared the effects of argon ion and Nd-YAG lasers in vivo on
      arteriosclerotic rabbit aortas with open laser endarterectomy. A thoracoabdominal
      exploration was performed in 16 rabbits to isolate the aorta. Laser beams were
      directed through delivery fibers to produce a line of laser craters at the
      proximal and distal ends of an atheroma. The lines of laser craters were
      connected by continuous-wave laser radiation to loosen the plaque and the
      cleavage plane was developed within the media by continuous-wave laser radiation.
      End points were fused by continuous-wave laser radiation and the aortas were
      harvested for light and scanning electron microscopy. Argon ion laser
      endarterectomy (eight rabbits) required an energy density of 98 +/- 19 J/cm2. Nd
      YAG laser endarterectomy (eight rabbits) required an energy density of 1147 +/-
      129 J/cm2. Perforation did not occur with the argon ion laser but occurred in six
      of eight Nd-YAG experiments. Even depths of plaque removal resulted from argon
      ion laser endarterectomy but not from Nd-YAG laser endarterectomy. Gross and
      microscopic grading of the aortas showed that argon ion endarterectomy surfaces
      were significantly better than Nd-YAG surfaces (p less than .05). Similarly,
      argon ion end points were significantly better than Nd-YAG end points (p less
      than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3839722
TI  - The design and use of a simple database for head and neck cancer.
AB  - A simple database for head and neck cancer using a simple coding system is
      described. New patients and follow-up data can be added easily at the terminal.
      Interactive data-analysis can easily be performed by anyone who understands the
      coding system; specific skills in computer programming and system handling are
      not needed.

PMID- 3839723
TI  - Increased sensitivity of rabbit ear artery to noradrenaline following
      perivascular nerve stimulation may be a response to neuropeptide Y released as
      cotransmitter.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY 10(-10)-10(-7) mol/l) had little or no effect on the
      perfusion pressure of rabbit isolated ear arteries but potentiated the brief
      contractile responses to injections of noradrenaline, histamine or brief periods
      of electrical stimulation (2-20 Hz for 5 s). This effect was slowly reversible.
      Similar potentiation was seen following long periods of electrical stimulation (2
      40 Hz for 1-5 min) which produced well sustained increases in perfusion pressure.
      Following even longer periods of electrical stimulation (10-30 min) during which
      the perfusion pressure was not maintained, responses to noradrenaline and
      histamine were potentiated but the responses to electrical stimulation for 5 s
      were greatly reduced. The increase in sensitivity following prolonged electrical
      stimulation may be due to NPY released as a cotransmitter.

PMID- 3839724
TI  - Isolation of genomic clones coding for the heavy chains of two human cardiac
      myosins.
AB  - A 14 kilo-base pair DNA clone (lambda HCMHC8) was isolated from a human genomic
      library by hybridization with a complementary DNA coding for a rabbit cardiac
      myosin heavy chain. lambda HCMHC8 hybridized to RNA isolated from cardiac but not
      skeletal muscle and formed heteroduplexes with a genomic clone coding for the
      fast type of rabbit cardiac myosin heavy chain. lambda HCMHC8 represented at
      least the 3' half of the gene and contained over 11 exons which together spanned
      4 kb of the coding region estimated to be 6 kb. Probes made from lambda HCMHC8
      were used to rescreen the library in order to isolate overlapping clones and so
      extend the sequence (estimated to be approximately 25 kb for the whole gene,
      including introns). In addition, a clone having a different restriction map was
      isolated suggesting that man, like rat and rabbit, has two cardiac myosin heavy
      chain genes. These may code for proteins having different ATPase activity and be
      expressed in different proportions in different cardiac states, including
      hypertension.

PMID- 3839725
TI  - Internal derangement of the knee: diagnosis by arthrography, arthroscopy, and
      arthrotomy.
AB  - Three hundred eighty-four cases involving all patients with meniscal or anterior
      cruciate ligament tears were examined surgically by 16 orthopedic surgeons over
      two distinct 12-month periods. The incidence of both menisci (ipsilateral knee)
      torn was 3.9%, and the ratio of medial to lateral meniscal tears was 2.7:1.
      Twelve percent of cases had tears of the anterior cruciate ligament, 70% of which
      were found with a concomitant medial meniscus tear. Arthrography was completely
      accurate in 73.2% of cases, and arthroscopy was accurate in 94.9%. When clinical
      impression, arthrography, and arthroscopy were combined, the overall diagnostic
      accuracy was 96.8%.

PMID- 3839726
TI  - Meniscus repair in the athlete.
AB  - The rationale, surgical selection and technique, aftercare, and results of
      meniscus repair have been presented with special emphasis on the unique issues
      relating to the competitive athlete. Even though the risk of rerupture is higher
      in an athlete than a nonathlete (just as the risk of injury to a normal meniscus
      is higher), and in spite of the increased amount of time required for meniscus
      healing and maturation before return to athletics, repair of suitable meniscus
      tears should be considered for most, if not all, athletes.

PMID- 3839727
TI  - Knee rehabilitation following arthroscopic meniscectomy.
AB  - Guidelines for knee rehabilitation after conventional open meniscectomy are
      generally well known. Less agreement exists on rehabilitation following
      arthroscopic meniscectomy. The program is sometimes arbitrary. Rehabilitation
      should follow a logical progression regardless of the type of surgery performed.
      Rehabilitation following knee surgery can be divided into four phases: immediate
      post-operative period, early healing phase, late healing phase, and conditioning
      for return to preinjury activity. Following arthroscopic surgery, the overall
      recovery time can be significantly shortened compared to conventional arthrotomy,
      primarily by decreasing the length of the early postoperative phases. A smaller
      incision causes less soft-tissue injury to skin, capsule, synovium, and other
      periarticular structures, resulting in less quadriceps inhibition and a more
      rapid recovery. The rate of tissue healing is not altered, however, and the knee
      must still heal completely before the patient can return to a full functional
      level. Not all patients are rehabilitated uniformly, and a great deal of
      variability exists following arthroscopic surgery. Factors that affect the speed
      of rehabilitation and return to normal function are the extent of meniscectomy
      performed, the coexistence of additional intra- or extra-articular pathology, and
      individual patient differences. Therefore, an arbitrary time frame for
      rehabilitation following arthroscopic meniscectomy is not recommended. Rather,
      each patient should progress from one stage of rehabilitation to the next, based
      on objective knee findings.

PMID- 3839728
TI  - Clinical significance of knee joint changes after meniscectomy.
AB  - The incidence of Fairbank's radiologic knee joint changes after unilateral
      meniscectomy was investigated in 180 patients. All patients who had a fracture,
      cartilage disorders, and/or ligamentous instability at the time of operation or
      suffered from identical lesions during the follow-up period were excluded. The
      degree of Fairbank's changes, squaring and sclerosis of the tibial and femoral
      chondylar articular surfaces, was compared with the postoperative results. The
      assessment of the results was based on the patient's history. An unsatisfactory
      postoperative result appeared to coincide more often with Fairbank's changes, but
      no relation could be demonstrated between the degree of Fairbank's changes and
      the postoperative result. Fairbank's changes were observed in 77 (42.8%) of the
      patients. No relation could be demonstrated between the length of the follow-up
      period and the degree of Fairbank's changes.

PMID- 3839729
TI  - Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between cimetidine and pirenzepine.
AB  - The oral administration of pirenzepine (PRZ), an antimuscarinic agent, has a
      variable effect on gastric acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer, and it
      seems to potentiate cimetidine-induced inhibition of secretion. The possibility
      of a pharmacokinetic interaction between these drugs was examined in eight
      patients who received cimetidine and PRZ alone and in combination in a crossover
      fashion. Cimetidine, 600 mg b.i.d., PRZ, 50 mg b.i.d., or combination therapy
      were each given for 1 week before the study. Serum samples were serially drawn
      during each dosing interval for determination of cimetidine and PRZ
      concentrations by HPLC and RIA, respectively. Cimetidine given alone or with PRZ
      exhibited diurnal variation, as the peak serum concentration was lower after the
      nighttime dose than after the morning dose. PRZ showed intersubject variation.
      However, each drug failed to alter the pharmacokinetic indices of the other. The
      times to attain the peak serum concentration were not significantly different for
      cimetidine alone or with PRZ, arguing against an effect of PRZ on gastric
      motility in the doses we used. The greater and prolonged acid inhibition with the
      combination of cimetidine and PRZ, therefore, may stem from a synergistic action
      of both drugs on receptor sites on gastric parietal cells.

PMID- 3839730
TI  - Transport of charged macromolecules across a biological charged membrane.
AB  - The glomerular capillary wall of the kidney behaves as an electronegatively
      charged structure consisting of three layers, the lamina densa and the two
      laminae rarae, which are differently charged. Thus, a three layer model is
      proposed to analyse the transport of charged macromolecules across this wall. A
      modified Nernst-Planck equation describes the macromolecule flux across the wall
      and a Donnan equilibrium is assumed at each interface. For a given value of the
      fixed charge concentration in each layer, the local sieving coefficient of the
      macromolecule, i.e. the ratio between the concentrations in the filtrate and in
      the plasma, is calculated. A sieving curve which relates the sieving coefficient
      to the Einstein-Stokes radius of the macrosolute is obtained. The fixed charge
      concentrations in each layer are iteratively modified until simultaneous
      adjustment is achieved between calculated and experimental curves, for positively
      and negatively charged tracers and their neutral equivalent.

PMID- 3839731
TI  - User friendliness in microcomputer programs.
AB  - Writing programs for use by others is not easy. Above all, one must know the
      group the program is written for, and try to relate the program to this group.

PMID- 3839732
TI  - Cycle-triggered averaging of respiration-related neuronal activity.
AB  - A computer system is presented which provides off-line computation of cycle
      triggered histograms (CTH) of respiration-related neuronal activity. Binwidths of
      the histograms are freely selectable by software from 10 ms to 100 ms. For
      special evaluation purposes, CTHs can be standardized in different ways
      concerning cycle duration as well as amplitude. Time incidence of maximum
      frequency, center of gravity and expiration-to-inspiration phase transition
      within the respiratory cycle are computed. The system employs special hardware
      interfaces to an 8-bit microcomputer which are briefly described. Data
      acquisition, data manipulation and output handling of the results are performed
      by chaining 3 compiled BASIC programs. Some comments on peculiarities of the
      BASIC language concerning combined application of a BASIC interpreter and a BASIC
      compiler are brought up. The usefulness of the method is demonstrated by examples
      of CTHs computed from the activity of medullary respiration-related neurons as
      well as of the corresponding phrenic nerve mass activity.

PMID- 3839733
TI  - Timing pulse and sampling programs implemented on a laboratory microcomputer.
AB  - This paper presents two programs implemented on a microcomputer for analog-to
      digital (A-to-D) conversion of neurophysiological signals. The first program,
      TIMET, sets flexible pulse trains for the timing of the A-to-D conversions,
      executed by the second program, ADC8. TIMET contains options for a continuous or
      a triggered pulse train with variable onset delay. ADC8 allows sampling up to 30
      kHz for one channel and 9 kHz for the maximum of 7 channels, with about 8
      microseconds lag between channels. The digitized data are displayed with
      interactive gain control from keyboard input, and selected sweeps can be stored
      on disk files.

PMID- 3839734
TI  - Microcomputer experience in analysis of flow cytometric DNA distributions.
AB  - The program described analyses DNA histograms obtained in flow cytometry using
      the Gaussians method. The program is written in BASIC to run on a low-cost
      microcomputer. It utilizes a simple strategy to obtain good estimates of the
      parameters required for reducing the problem to a task solvable with linear least
      squares methods. Features of the program are flexibility, since it is possible to
      choose different options for parametrization and spacing of Gaussians, and the
      fact that the operator is not required to provide interactive inspection or
      inputting parameter values. The capability and velocity of the program, in all
      its options, are tested and compared on a series of different (not computer
      simulated) histograms obtained in our flow cytometry laboratory. Our results
      suggest that a fresh approach to parametrization may be useful.

PMID- 3839735
TI  - Two-pool model analysis of data in hemodialysis by means of programmable pocket
      calculator TI 59.
AB  - Four parameters of a two-pool model are evaluated by an iterative method using
      the explicit solutions of the linear differential equations. For this it was
      presumed that the residual renal clearance is sufficiently small. Five data pairs
      of measured plasma concentrations ci for the time points ti (i = 0 to 4), as well
      as the dialyzer and residual renal clearances (KD and KR), must be given and put
      in the calculator. A sample run is shown for urea kinetics. The parameter
      estimation takes about 10 min. The program is suitable to assist in the
      individualization of dialysis therapy.

PMID- 3839736
TI  - A computer program package for relative survival analysis.
AB  - A computer program package has been constructed for use in patient survival
      analyses for chronic diseases based on aggregated data. The central concept of
      the analyses--the relative survival rate--is the ratio of the observed survival
      rate of the patients to the survival rate expected in a group in the general
      population similar to the group of patients at the beginning of the follow-up
      (interval), with respect to age, sex and calendar time. This quantity is used to
      measure patient survival adjusted for the effect of mortality attributable to the
      competing risks of death without employing information on causes of death of
      individual patients. The package contains three alternative methods of estimating
      the relative survival rates, two different ways of estimating the expectation of
      life for the patients, and five methods of testing the relative survival patterns
      using information on the whole follow-up period. Conventional survival and
      competing risk analysis can also be performed with the package. It is hoped that
      the package will facilitate standardization of statistical methodology and
      terminology in long-term survival studies for chronic diseases.

PMID- 3839737
TI  - TSCORE: a T-score profile pattern analysis program.
AB  - A program has been written to determine T-score profile patterns, thus allowing
      the immediate assessment of morphological similarities and differences between
      taxa. For a given data set, the program will produce T-scores, T-score
      correlation coefficients and associated significance statistics, weighted means
      and standard deviations for all input variables, and a graphic display of the T
      score profile pattern(s). This program should prove to be of great interest to
      physical anthropologists, zoologists and other researchers in the life sciences
      with an interest in taxonomy, systematics and phylogeny.

PMID- 3839738
TI  - BIODYN: a program to estimate biological dynamics of human populations.

PMID- 3839739
TI  - The measurement of interobserver agreement based on categorical scales.
AB  - The Kappa statistic is used to measure the interobserver similarity based on
      categorical scales. The cases of two or more observers with two or more rating
      categories are considered. Allowance is made for the attachment of disagreement
      weights, based on rational or clinical grounds, to different rating categories.
      Tests of hypotheses about the conditions Kappa = 0 and Kappa greater than 0 are
      conducted.

PMID- 3839740
TI  - A FORTRAN program for testing trend and homogeneity in proportions.
AB  - A FORTRAN program is provided for testing linear trend and homogeneity in
      proportions. Trend is evaluated by the Cochran-Armitage method and homogeneity is
      tested by an overall X2 test as well by multiple pairwise comparisons by the
      Fisher-Irwin exact method. The program should be easy to implement on any size of
      computer with a FORTRAN compiler.

PMID- 3839741
TI  - A program for logistic prediction modelling.
AB  - A computer program has been developed that can be used for analysing a binary
      outcome variable and a set of regressors of type interval with a logistic (i.e.
      nonlinear) model.

PMID- 3839742
TI  - Effect of model trauma on the turnover of protein and hemoprotein components of
      hepatic microsomal membrane in immature rats.
AB  - Administration of 14C-leucine and delta-[3,5-3H]-aminolevulinic acid to immature
      male rats leads to the incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal protein,
      including the hemoprotein cytochrome P-450. Non-hepatic regional ischemic trauma
      results in an increase in the half-life of total microsomal protein, but does not
      exert the same effect on microsomal heme-associated protein. Loss of
      radioactivity from microsomal hemoprotein, primarily cytochrome P-450, from
      traumatized animals exhibits a biphasic pattern similar to that in control
      animals. The half-life of both the fast-phase component and the slow-phase
      component is unchanged by trauma. Trauma does, however, increase the ratio of the
      fast- to slow-phase components of microsomal heme. A significant increase in heme
      oxygenase activity after trauma suggests that the fast-phase component of hepatic
      microsomal cytochrome P-450 is more extensively degraded.

PMID- 3839743
TI  - [Chemiluminescence of peritoneal macrophages activated by non-natural
      polyelectrolytes].

PMID- 3839744
TI  - [Synonymous codon usage at the ends of double-stranded regions in the secondary
      structure of mRNA].

PMID- 3839745
TI  - [A panel of monoclonal antibodies and antisera for the diagnosis of human
      hemoblastoses].

PMID- 3839746
TI  - [Antacid prevention of stress lesions hinders endoscopic hemostasis].

PMID- 3839747
TI  - Effects of pH upon the environmental fate of [14C]fenitrothion in an aquatic
      microcosm.
AB  - The environmental fate of [14C]fenitrothion was evaluated in aquatic microcosms
      held at pH 8.3 or 6.7. No general effect attributable to pH was observed;
      however, several significant interactions were identified. Of these, the findings
      that statistically higher amounts of radioactivity were present in water held at
      pH 6.7 and that significantly less metabolism of the parent compound occurred in
      the organisms at pH 8.3 were preeminent. These differences seen in metabolism and
      environmental fate between pH values are relatively minor and do not compromise
      the safety of the compound.

PMID- 3839748
TI  - Accumulation of alveolar surfactant following delivery and ventilation of
      premature lambs.
AB  - We studied the accumulation of surfactant in the alveoli and airways from birth
      to 10 h of age in 60 lambs delivered prematurely at a mean gestational age of 136
      days. The lambs were delivered by cesarean section and ventilated by varying peak
      inspiratory pressures only to normalize arterial blood gas and pH values.
      Alveolar surfactant accumulation was measured either by alveolar wash after timed
      sacrifice or by repetitive sampling of the airways using an isotope dilution
      technique. The fall in specific activity of phosphatidylcholine with time was
      measured after the intratracheal administration of either a trace dose of 3H
      labeled natural surfactant and synthetic 14C-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
      (DPPC) at birth or a treatment dose of the same mixture at 5 h of age (about 55
      mg of total surfactant lipid/kg body weight). From the change in
      phosphatidylcholine-specific activities and the quantities and specific
      activities of phosphatidylcholine measured in alveolar washes, we found that the
      surfactant pool sizes as estimated by alveolar wash or by the isotope dilution
      technique were similar. The pool size of alveolar surfactant increased fourfold
      from birth to 20 min of age and doubled again by 10 h of age. The shape of the
      curve for the accumulation of alveolar surfactant versus time was independent of
      the final pool size achieved at 10 h of age. Sonicates of DPPC when mixed with
      either a trace amount or a treatment dose of natural surfactant were treated by
      the premature lung in a manner indistinguishable from the phosphatidylcholine
      associated with natural surfactant.

PMID- 3839749
TI  - Regulation of type I collagen synthesis. Total pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 2(I)
      mRNAs are maintained in a 2:1 ratio under varying rates of collagen synthesis.
AB  - The type I collagen molecule contains two alpha 1(I) chains and one alpha 2(I)
      chain. Previous investigations, using embryonic chick calvaria, have indicated
      that the two chains are synthesized in a 2:1 ratio which is controlled at a
      pretranslational level, since the cells contain twice as much translatable pro
      alpha 1(I) mRNA as pro alpha 2(I) mRNA. The present report describes
      hybridization analyses of the cellular levels of total cellular RNAs coding for
      the pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 2(I) chains, using as probes two cloned cDNAs
      complementary to chick pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 2(I) mRNA, respectively.
      Total cellular RNA was extracted from embryonic chick calvaria, pro alpha 1(I)
      and pro alpha 2(I) RNA sequences were quantified by Northern hybridization using
      conditions ensuring that hybridization efficiency and specific radioactivity were
      the same for the two probes. Similar analyses were carried out on RNA extracted
      from calvaria with different levels of collagen synthesis after culture in the
      presence or absence of ascorbic acid. The results for all samples analyzed
      indicate that total cellular pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 2(I) mRNAs are present
      in a 2:1 ratio which is maintained even during variations in collagen synthesis
      rate. There is no evidence for regulation mediated by different rates of
      processing of mRNA precursors, although preferential degradation of the pro alpha
      2(I) gene transcript cannot be excluded. Thus, the synthesis of type I
      procollagen chains is presumably coordinated by transcriptional control.

PMID- 3839750
TI  - Identification and quantification of a messenger ribonucleic acid induced by
      polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons--using a cloned human cytochrome P-450 gene.
AB  - We have isolated four overlapping human genomic clones associated with the
      polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon-induced form of cytochrome P-450. The form of P
      450 most closely associated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons induction has
      been defined as P1-450. These four overlapping genomic clones span a total of
      31.0 X 10(3) base pairs in length with the coding sequence lying in the center of
      these clones. Translation in vitro of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced mRNA, selected
      with the human P1-450 genomic clone, detect a protein with Mr 52000, which is
      immunoprecipitable by the anti-(mouse P1-450) antibody. The isolated human P1-450
      genomic clone hybridizes to 3-methylcholanthrene-induced mRNA from monkey liver,
      benzanthracene and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated human mammary tumor cells (MCF
      7), but not to isosafrole-treated human cells. Upon treatment with polynuclear
      aromatic hydrocarbons there is a positive correlation between induced
      arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (flavoprotein-linked monoxygenase) activity and the
      amount of mRNA that hybridizes to the isolated human genomic clone for P1-450.
      The size of mRNA, induced from human cells and monkey liver by polynuclear
      aromatic hydrocarbons, is around 3.3 X 10(3) base pairs, which is the same as the
      larger of two mRNA induced by polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the inbred
      strain of mouse (C57BL/6N). Our data also showed that the isolated DNA clone can
      detect a mRNA size of 3.3 X 10(3) base pairs from phytohemagglutinin-activated,
      benzanthracene-treated human lymphocytes. Densitometer scanning indicated the
      presence of a 3.6-fold variation (highest-lowest) in the levels of lymphocyte P1
      450 mRNA contents among six individuals studied.

PMID- 3839751
TI  - Cis-platin in combination with low dose adriamycin and cyclophosphamide in
      advanced ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Between February 1979 and August 1981 20 patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma
      have been treated according to a mitigated PAC-V protocol: cis-platin 20 mg/m2 D1
      5, adriamycin 35 mg/m2 D1 and cyclophosphamide 400 mg/m2 D1, and cyclophosphamide
      400 mg/m2 b 7, q 28 days. Sixteen patients were evaluable with objective,
      measurable tumour-parameters. Minimal follow-up time was 21/2 years. Overall
      response rate was 50% (8/16) with complete response in 12.5% (2/16). Median
      duration of complete response was 40+ months, of partial response this was 16+
      months. Two year survival rate was 9/16. Patients who had a complete debulking
      prior to PAC-V therapy or had not been treated before responded best (5/6 and 6/7
      respectively). Thirteen patients indicated experiencing subjective improvement in
      their condition. Haematological, renal or neurological toxicity never caused
      threatening problems. In conclusion, a chemotherapy regimen containing a
      mitigated dose of adriamycin and cyclophosphamide next to full dose cis-platin
      yielded good tumour and patient response without severe toxicity.

PMID- 3839752
TI  - Our experience regarding precautional chemotherapy in breast cancer.
AB  - 14 patient with breast cancer of loco regional diffusion (M0), 4 of whom had
      negative axillary lymph nodes, were administered precautional chemotherapy with
      CMF, on the basis of anatomo-clinical prognostic elements (size of the neoplasia,
      grading (tumoral limits, neoplastic embolisation etc.). Such elements with data
      on hormonal receptors allowed us to select the patients with high relapse risk,
      to undergo medical treatment.

PMID- 3839753
TI  - Comparison of three semiautomatic methods for determination of left ventricular
      ejection fraction from gated cardiac blood pool images.
AB  - A number of computer programs exist for the determination of ejection fraction
      from gated blood pool images. Three commercially available algorithms were
      compared on the same radionuclide data from 50 catheterized patients. The methods
      used were: (1) simple thresholding, (2) second derivative edge determination, and
      (3) a combination of these two. There was good correlation with catheterization
      ejection fraction for all three methods using smoothed data [r = 0.781, 0.77,
      0.84 respectively (P less than 0.01)]. However, interobserver variance was
      significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) by use of the second derivative method
      when compared with the other two methods and catheterization. Thus, if accuracy
      and low interobserver variance are required, then a combination of a second
      derivative and thresholding method is preferable.

PMID- 3839754
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of 6-hour infusion of high-dose methotrexate.
      Preliminary trial of monitoring high infusion doses.
AB  - Methotrexate (MTX) in serum was measured by RIA in 12 cancer patients receiving
      high doses of MTX (2 to 8 g/m2) in 6 hour infusions 69 treatments were studied.
      The peak serum level was proportional to the dose administered and was always
      greater than 10(-4) M. 2 elimination phases were seen: the first had a mean half
      life of 2.36 h and the second a mean half-life of 16.14 h. 24 hours after
      beginning the infusions there were very large variations in individual serum
      concentrations of MTX, from 2.4 10(-6) M to 1.9 10(-5) M by 24 h after 8 g/m2. To
      control these variations, a mathematical model for prediction of the individual
      pharmacokinetic pattern of a 6 hour-infusion of high-dose MTX by kinetic analysis
      of a low-test dose is proposed. A program was created for an Apple III computer
      using toxic and therapeutic serum levels of MTX selected by the clinician. The
      computer program is adaptable to any infused substance for variable infusion
      times, thus introducing new advances over existing methods.

PMID- 3839755
TI  - N-terminal amino acid sequence and some properties of isopenicillin-N synthetase
      from Cephalosporium acremonium.
AB  - Isopenicillin-N synthetase (IPNS) was purified to homogeneity from Cephalosporium
      acremonium C0728. The enzyme existed in two states during purification; an
      oxidised state with a disulphide linkage and its reduced state. These two forms
      can be interconverted in the presence or absence of thiol agents, and separated
      by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) with the strong anion exchange Mono
      Q column. The enzyme is a monomer with a molecular mass of 38 kDa and pI 5.05.
      The first 50 amino acid N-terminal sequence of the enzyme was determined. The
      purified enzyme has an absolute requirement of Fe2+ and a 2-electron donor for
      activity.

PMID- 3839756
TI  - Molecular cloning of the human thyrotropin-beta subunit gene.
AB  - Genomic DNA fragments that carried a gene for human thyrotropin-beta (hTSH beta)
      subunit were isolated. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the gene showed that the
      hTSH beta subunit precursor consists of 138 amino acid residues. There is an N
      terminal sequence of 20 amino acids as a signal peptide, followed by 112 amino
      acids, whose sequence is in agreement with that known for the secretory form of
      hTSH beta subunit. This is followed by an additional stretch of 6 hydrophobic
      amino acids, which may be eliminated post-translationally. The coding region is
      separated by an intron of about 460 bp. Genomic Southern blot hybridization
      analysis suggested that the hTSH beta gene is a unique single copy gene.

PMID- 3839757
TI  - Serum and thyroid hormones T3 and T4 regulate nerve growth factor mRNA levels in
      mouse L cells.
AB  - Mouse L cells synthesize and secrete a neurotrophic factor related to the beta
      subunit of the submaxillary gland nerve growth factor (NGF) of male mice. Use of
      a cDNA probe which encodes the beta-NGF mRNA demonstrated that L cells produce a
      transcript identical in size to that of the submaxillary gland. Moreover, target
      sites of restriction enzymes EcoRI, PstI and BamHI were not significantly
      rearranged in the beta-NGF gene locus of these cells. The abundance of the beta
      NGF transcript was found to depend on culture conditions. Removal of serum
      depressed the cellular content of polyadenylated RNA by a factor of 1.7, and
      decreased specifically the pool of beta-NGF transcript by an additional factor of
      4. The presence of 10(-7) M testosterone in the serum-free medium did not modify
      the level of beta-NGF mRNA, while addition of 10(-7) M T3 (or T4) increased this
      level by a factor of 1.5. These data provide the first evidence that the beta-NGF
      mRNA of L cells is subjected to regulation, but in a way apparently different
      from that described for the submaxillary gland.

PMID- 3839758
TI  - Endogenous digoxin-immunoactive factor in human subjects.
AB  - Endogenous digoxin-like immunoactivity has been detected in the blood of adult
      patients in renal failure, newborn infants, and pregnant women in the third
      trimester. Blood levels of this activity increase in pregnant women as gestation
      progresses, and preliminary data suggest that the activity is increased in
      hypertensive pregnant women relative to normotensive pregnant women. Similar
      immunoactivity has also been detected in amniotic fluid and in the urine and
      serum of normal healthy subjects. The factors giving rise to this immunoactivity
      cross-react with antibodies used in many commercially available immunoassays for
      digoxin. The immunoactive factor isolated from human subjects is water soluble
      and exists tightly but reversibly bound to proteins in serum. The extent of this
      protein binding is altered in the clinical conditions studied relative to normal
      adults. This altered protein binding accounts for the detection of this factor by
      many of the commercially used immunoassays for digoxin. In this article I
      summarize recent findings related to detecting this activity in the blood of
      several clinical populations where the accurate measurement of digoxin may be
      compromised. I also summarize the preliminary isolation and characterization of
      the factor responsible for this immunoactivity.

PMID- 3839759
TI  - What do glaucomatous visual fields really look like in fine-grid computerized
      profile perimetry?
AB  - Analysis of the visual fields of 20 glaucoma patients by Octopus automatic
      perimeter, using 229 F2 programs consisting of 30 degrees long profiles with 1
      degree resolution and double measurements of the light sensitivity threshold,
      revealed that: (1) there is a positive correlation between mean loss and mean
      short-term fluctuations; (2) short-term fluctuations tend to be larger with
      increasing loss of sensitivity; (3) however, small short-term fluctuations were
      also seen in areas of greatly reduced sensitivity; (4) analysis of the F2
      programs showed 12 different abnormal patterns; (5) the most frequently found,
      'increased scatter with normal sensitivity', appears to be the earliest
      perimetric sign of glaucoma, and (6) progression of the glaucomatous damage
      produces a 'grey area of increased scatter', usually accompanied by reduced
      sensitivity with a poorly defined lower and upper threshold. It is shown that a
      relative scotoma does not consist of a sharply bordered area with definite loss
      of sensitivity, but instead of a region of increased scatter with poorly
      definable borders. It is indicated that these sensitivity disturbances cannot be
      detected without extensive threshold perimetry. These findings can, furthermore,
      explain why quite large differences occur from one visual field examination to
      the next without the involvement of actual pathological changes. For combined
      display of several F2 programs a new mode of graphical representation is
      introduced.

PMID- 3839760
TI  - Long-term fluctuations versus actual field loss in glaucoma patients.
AB  - In following glaucomatous visual fields with automated perimetry, one becomes
      aware of the difficulty in differentiating between long-term fluctuations and
      actual changes. We have analyzed visual fields of one randomly selected eye of
      each of 34 patients (mean age = 61.8 +/- 12.3 years) with proven glaucoma
      chronicum simplex and at least 4 (mean = 5.6 +/- 1.9) visual field examinations
      with programs 31 and/or 33 of the Octopus 201 within at least 21 months (mean =
      32.6 +/- 6 months). When a group of earlier visual fields is compared with a
      group of later ones utilizing the statistical program delta-change, the results
      of regression analysis, based on data from program delta-series, are juxtaposed
      to the results of the t test with very good correlation. This investigation
      confirms that glaucomatous visual fields exhibit considerable long-term
      fluctuations; as long as field loss and gain observed over a longer time period
      are evenly distributed, the symmetrical portions of the distribution curve may
      serve as the outer limits of long-term fluctuation. In this regard, definite
      visual field deterioration was discerned in none of our medically treated
      patients over an average observation period of 32 months. If more selective
      criteria for differentiating between long-term fluctuations and actual field
      change are used (such as measurement of long-term fluctuations performed in
      earlier investigations, the t test of program delta-change, regression analysis
      of the data produced by program delta-series, as well as the correspondence
      between the t test and the correlation coefficient of the regression analysis), 3
      eyes have changed for the worse regarding loss per test location, and 3 have
      changed for the worse regarding sensitivity.

PMID- 3839761
TI  - Histone H1 in nuclei of butyrate-treated murine lymphosarcoma cells has increased
      affinity for heparin.
AB  - Nuclei from butyrate-treated murine lymphosarcoma cells were incubated with
      different amounts of the polyanion heparin, which is known to interact
      predominantly with chromatin-associated histones. Unlike isolated histone H1,
      histone H1 in the nuclei of butyrate-treated cells was found to display an
      enhanced affinity for the binding to heparin as compared to histone H1 from
      control cells. Dephosphorylation of histone H1 as a result of butyrate treatment
      of the cells is discussed as a possible factor involved in the observed higher
      affinity of the protein for heparin.

PMID- 3839762
TI  - A mouse beta-globin mutant that is an exact model of hemoglobin Rainier in man.
AB  - A mutation induced by ethylnitrosourea in a spermatogonial stem cell of a 101/H
      mouse has resulted in a structurally altered beta-diffuse major globin in one of
      his offspring. The mutant hemoglobin is associated with polycythemia, rubor,
      increased oxygen affinity and decreased hem-hem interaction. The mutant haplotype
      has been designated Hbbd4, polycythemia. Amino acid analysis of the mutant globin
      has shown that a single substitution beta 145 Tyr----Cys has occurred, and it is
      proposed that ethylnitrosourea induced an A----G transition in the tyrosine codon
      (TAC----TGC). This murine polycythemia is homologous with hemoglobin Rainier in
      man, in which the amino acid substitution is also beta 145 Tyr----Cys and which
      is associated with similar physiological consequences.

PMID- 3839763
TI  - Molecular cloning and structure of an autosomal processed gene for human
      phosphoglycerate kinase.
AB  - The human genome contains several DNA sequences homologous to cDNA for X-linked
      phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK). In the course of screening a genomic library
      containing a mutant gene for X-linked PGK (PGK-Matsue), we obtained a recombinant
      clone that cross-hybridizes to PGK cDNA. Restriction analysis suggests that the
      clone overlaps with a clone previously found to originate from chromosome 6, and
      which has been suggested to code for testis-specific PGK [Szabo et al., Proc.
      Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81 (1984) 3167-3169]. The DNA fragment we have cloned
      contains 1252 bp that are homologous to the coding part of human PGK cDNA, and
      has an initiation codon, an in-phase termination codon, direct flanking repeats,
      and no introns. The maximum homology between the DNA and PGK cDNA is 85% at the
      coding nucleotide level, and it is 86.2% at the translated protein level;
      homology is also found in their 3'-flanking sequences and adenine-rich tails.
      These results suggest that the cloned DNA is most likely a processed pseudogene
      for PGK located on chromosome 6.

PMID- 3839764
TI  - Peptic ulcer disease: current management in the elderly.
AB  - Pain is less frequently the initial complaint in the elderly; melena is a more
      frequent presentation of ulcer disease. Also, in case of a complication, signs
      and symptoms are less severe. If one decides to treat an elderly patient
      symptomatically--without the benefit of any diagnostic study--the patient should
      be followed closely. The physician should be satisfied that at least partial
      relief is occurring within the first few days.

PMID- 3839765
TI  - Red cell NADH diaphorase variants in Japanese.
AB  - Human red cell NADH diaphorase isozyme patterns were examined in 5,046 healthy
      adult Japanese by starch gel electrophoresis. Twenty had Dia 2-1 and 3 had Dia 4
      1 phenotypes. The incidence of Dia variants in patients with mental retardation,
      cerebral palsy, epilepsy and Down's syndrome was also examined and compared with
      that of healthy people. It was noticed that thin-layer isoelectric focusing on
      polyacrylamide gel was very useful for discriminating variant bands from 'aging
      bands'.

PMID- 3839766
TI  - [Therapeutic activity of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) in Hailey
      Hailey disease].

PMID- 3839767
TI  - Detection of soy protein in soy lecithin, margarine and, occasionally, soy oil.
AB  - Samples of soy lecithin, soy oil and margarine were tested for the presence of
      soy proteins by an inhibition technique using ELISA. All but one of the soy
      lecithin samples contained soy protein, as did some of the soy oil and margarine
      samples. The positive margarines contained only about 25% as much soy protein as
      the soy lecithin preparations. The presence of soy proteins in these soy products
      might account for hitherto unrecognized exposure to soy proteins in various
      foods.

PMID- 3839768
TI  - Two CEA and three NCA species, although distinguishable by monoclonal antibodies,
      have nearly identical peptide patterns.
AB  - In perchloric acid extracts of normal lung and colonic tumors, 3 NCA molecules
      were identified by monoclonal antibodies that cross-reacted with CEA, which
      itself gave 2 bands in SDS-PAGE. The proteins had molecular weights of 50, 75 and
      97 kd, while the 2 CEA molecules banded at 180 and 160 kd in SDS-PAGE. No MAb
      recognized only one molecule, with the exception of MAb 3/13 which precipitated
      solely the upper CEA band. Analysis of the biochemical relationship of the cross
      reactive antigens showed that none of them contained any internal methionine.
      Furthermore, after digestion by thermolysin, the peptide maps of the
      immunoprecipitated molecules showed very close similarities, if not identity.
      When the cross-reactive and the CEA were compared, the only differences found
      were in the upper CEA band, which apparently lacked one hydrophobic peptide,
      while the 97 kd cross-reacting protein showed one extra peptide. We conclude from
      our results that CEA and the cross-reacting molecules are composed of nearly
      identical, small (i.e. less than 50 kd) polypeptide chains.

PMID- 3839769
TI  - Chemotactic activity of hydroxyalkenals on rat neutrophils.
AB  - Previous results from our laboratory showed that in vitro 4-hydroxyoctenal, 4
      hydroxynonenal (HNE) and 4-hydroxytetradecenal elicit a neutrophil chemotactic
      response in the presence of albumin. Data presented here indicate that other
      hydroxyalkenals (4-hydroxyundecenal and 4-hydroxy-pentadecenal) also exert a
      chemotactic attraction on rat pleural neutrophils. The different aldehydes tested
      show a wide activity-concentration range, the most powerful being 4
      hydroxyoctenal. Unlike most chemoattractants, the hydroxyalkenals seem deprived
      of chemokinetic properties. The mechanism by which these compounds may act on
      granulocytes is analysed. Experiments investigating the deactivation phenomenon
      induced by HNE indicate that this aldehyde acts as a chemoattractant by
      triggering mechanisms different from N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine
      (fMLP). In fact, cells pre-incubated with this peptide fail to respond
      chemotactically to the same compound, but are still able to respond to HNE.
      Similarly, the preventive contact of neutrophils with HNE is unable to influence
      the chemotactic effect of fMLP.

PMID- 3839770
TI  - The Standard Immunisation Recall System: should it be adopted now or in the
      future?

PMID- 3839772
TI  - Hemoglobin Twin Peaks alpha 113 (GH1) Leu----His.

PMID- 3839771
TI  - Oxygen binding and stability properties of Hb Santa Ana (beta 88 Leu----Pro).
AB  - Hb Santa Ana (beta 88 Leu----Pro) was found at a level of 30% of total hemoglobin
      in red cells from a patient with congenital hemolytic anemia. Since no detailed
      functional studies of this hemoglobin have been done previously, we determined
      oxygen equilibrium curves of red cell suspensions, hemolysates, and isolated Hb
      Santa Ana. The P50 values obtained were 22.5 mm Hg (37 degrees C, pH 7.4) for red
      cell suspensions (normal mean = 27.0 mm Hg), 10.0 mm Hg (25 degrees C, pH 7.0)
      for hemolysate (normal = 13.5 mm Hg), and 1.3 mm Hg (25 degrees C, pH 7.0) for
      isolated Hb Santa Ana. Measurements of mechanical stability of Hb Santa Ana
      showed that the oxy-form of this hemoglobin was 10 times more unstable than that
      of Hb S and 100 times more unstable than that of Hb A. The deoxy-form of Hb Santa
      Ana was as unstable as its oxy-form, indicating that no stabilization (R----T
      conversion) takes place upon the deoxygenation of Hb Santa Ana.

PMID- 3839773
TI  - Hb Gainesville-GA or alpha 2 beta 2 46(CD5)Gly----Arg.

PMID- 3839774
TI  - Hemoglobin GuiZhou in Japan.

PMID- 3839775
TI  - Hb Savaria or alpha2 (49)(CE7)Ser----Arg beta2 in an indigenous female from
      Kenya.

PMID- 3839776
TI  - Hb Fort Worth or alpha2 27(B8)Glu----Gly beta2 in a black family from Canada.

PMID- 3839777
TI  - In vitro assessment of the oncogenic potential of nitroimidazole
      radiosensitizers.
AB  - Two hypoxic cell radiosensitizers, RSU-1069 and Ro-03-8799 were investigated for
      their in vitro cytotoxicity and ability to induce oncogenic transformation and
      sister chromatid exchanges in the C3H 10T1/2 cell system. Their effects were then
      compared to those of the clinically used sensitizer misonidazole. Equitoxic doses
      of Ro-03-8799 and RSU-1069 were approximately 3-fold and 150-fold less than
      misonidazole, respectively, with both agents exhibiting dose and contact time
      dependence for cell killing. Both sensitizers appeared no more oncogenic than
      misonidazole when administered at equitoxic dosages. At doses of equivalent
      sensitizing efficiencies relative to misonidazole, RSU-1069, but not Ro-03-8799,
      induced significantly higher transformation incidence. In conjunction with gamma
      irradiation, both Ro-03-8799 and misonidazole induced an additive transformation
      response. Preliminary studies also indicate that RSU-1069, at a concentration of
      0.03 mM, induced significantly higher sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) per
      chromosome than either Ro-03-8799 or misonidazole at concentrations 30-fold
      higher. Although several earlier studies have indicated that RSU-1069 may be more
      efficient than misonidazole as an hypoxic cell sensitizer, the present findings
      suggest that it may also carry a higher risk of inducing tumors by itself at
      clinically relevant concentrations.

PMID- 3839779
TI  - A BASIC language computer program for intraocular lens power calculations.
AB  - I present a BASIC language computer program that can be used on a variety of home
      computers to calculate intraocular lens powers and print this information on a
      report that can be included with hospital or office records and easily read in
      the operating room.

PMID- 3839778
TI  - Secondary myelofibrosis in three dogs.
AB  - Myelofibrosis was diagnosed in 3 dogs. In each dog, there was evidence of
      concurrent bone marrow necrosis, suggesting that the myelofibrosis was a
      secondary change. This suggestion was supported by a lack of dysplastic changes
      in hematopoietic cells. Bone marrow necrosis in 2 of the dogs may have been the
      result of widespread malignancy. Reversal of the myelofibrosis in 1 dog suggested
      that myelofibrosis is not always a terminal disorder.

PMID- 3839781
TI  - Steffimycin C, a new member of the steffimycin anthracyclines. Isolation and
      structural characterization.
AB  - Mother liquors from steffimycin B crystallizations have been processed to yield
      steffimycin C, a new member of the steffimycin family of anthracyclines. It has
      been identified, using spectroscopic methods, as 10-deoxysteffimycin B.
      Steffimycin C has antibacterial activity only against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
      Whether steffimycin C is a precursor of steffimycin B or a metabolic reduction
      product is unknown at this time.

PMID- 3839780
TI  - Effects of AMSA, an antineoplastic agent, on spermatogenesis in the mouse.
AB  - The stages of spermatogenic cells killed by the single and fractionated
      administration of AMSA, an acridine derivative used in cancer chemotherapy, have
      been identified in the mouse. A wide range of doses, up to a total of 30 mg/kg,
      which is the LD50 for AMSA given in three daily injections, was employed.
      Survival of differentiating (types A1 through Intermediate) and stem
      spermatogonia was measured by sperm counts performed 29 and 56 days after
      treatment, respectively. The sensitivity of germ cells to AMSA at other stages of
      differentiation was determined by semiquantitative histologic analysis at 11 days
      after treatment. Significant killing of differentiating spermatogonia, types A2
      through B, but only minor killing of stem cells and no toxicity to post
      spermatogonial stages were observed with all treatment schedules. This pattern of
      differential sensitivity can explain the temporary azoospermia observed in man
      during AMSA treatment, which was followed by a return to normal sperm counts
      after cessation of therapy.

PMID- 3839782
TI  - Biosynthesis of oxanthromicin.

PMID- 3839783
TI  - Studies on the isotetracenone antibiotics. I. Capoamycin, a new antitumor
      antibiotic.

PMID- 3839784
TI  - Studies on the isotetracenone antibiotics. II. Kerriamycins A, B and C, new
      antitumor antibiotics.

PMID- 3839785
TI  - IM8443T substance, an antitumor triene beta-lactone antibiotic.

PMID- 3839786
TI  - Some aspects of temporal coding for single-channel electrical stimulation of the
      cochlea.
AB  - Estimates of the useful frequency range for single-channel electrical stimulation
      of the cochlea range from 400 to 4000 Hz. Psychophysical studies in single
      channel implant patients are relevant not only to the practical problem of
      designing stimulation strategies, but also to questions of temporal processing of
      pitch in the normal auditory nervous system. Patients with single-channel
      extracochlear devices participated in several experiments involving stimuli
      differing in fine temporal structure. Stochastic pulse trains, in which the
      probability of pulse delivery (p) for a given cycle was less than 1.0, were
      readily discriminated from ordinary pulse trains. Frequency discrimination using
      stochastic pulse trains differing only in fine temporal structure (but identical
      average pulse rates) was as good as with ordinary pulse trains or sinusoids for P
      greater than or equal to 0.5, but deteriorated rapidly for P less than 0.5.
      Discrimination of triangular and trapezoidal waveforms from square waves was
      surprisingly good: rise-times (for 0 to maximum current) as low as 0.08 ms could
      be discriminated. Conversely, detection of jitter in pulse trains was almost an
      order of magnitude worse. The results show that frequency discrimination for
      single-channel electrical stimulation of the cochlea is based on discrimination
      of inter-pulse periods, and that pulse rates which would be unnatural for
      acoustically-evoked VIIIth nerve activity - up to 750 Hz - are more useful for
      coding mid-range frequencies than low-rate stochastic stimulations of normal
      VIIIth nerve firing patterns. The waveform discriminations reported would be
      obscured by low-pass filtering even at 2000 Hz, and probably depend on changes in
      relative synchrony among an array of VIIIth nerve units with different
      thresholds. In general, these results support the use of analog coding schemes
      with relatively large bandwidth.

PMID- 3839787
TI  - Regulation of increase in anastomotic blood flow following pulmonary arterial
      occlusion.
AB  - We have previously shown that there is an acute increase in anastomotic bronchial
      blood flow (Qbr) after pulmonary arterial obstruction in dogs. We examined the
      role of arachidonic acid metabolites in mediating this increase. The left lower
      lobe (LLL) was isolated and perfused (zone 2) with autologous blood in open
      chested anesthetized dogs (n = 19). Qbr was measured from the amount of blood
      that overflowed from the closed vascular circuit of the suspended LLL and changes
      in its weight. In the control animals, there was a prompt and significant
      increase in Qbr following pulmonary arterial obstruction. Pretreatment with
      indomethacin (n = 6) or sodium salicylate (n = 4) almost completely blocked this
      rise in Qbr. Following pulmonary arterial occlusion, there was a rise in both
      thromboxane and a prostacyclin metabolite (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) in the blood of the
      pulmonary circulation of the LLL, although the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha rose relatively
      more. Pretreatment with indomethacin caused a fall in both thromboxane and
      prostacyclin levels (n = 3), which no longer rose after pulmonary arterial
      occlusion. These findings suggested that the balance of the vasodilator
      (prostacyclin) and vasoconstrictor (thromboxane) prostaglandins may play an
      important role in mediating the rise in Qbr that follows pulmonary arterial
      obstruction.

PMID- 3839788
TI  - Relation of prostanoids to strength of hypoxic vasoconstriction in dogs with
      lobar atelectasis.
AB  - In dogs with acute lobar atelectasis, meclofenamate administration decreases
      shunt fraction uniformly and moderately without abolishing the wide variation of
      strength of hypoxic vasoconstriction and resultant variability of shunt fraction
      (J. Appl. Physiol. 54: 284-289, 1983). To further assess the role of prostanoids,
      we measured prostanoid metabolites as well as shunt fraction and pressor response
      to alveolar hypoxia. In six intact anesthetized dogs with acute left lower lobe
      atelectasis, shunt fraction during normoxia was measured with SF6. Levels of 6
      ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and thromboxane B2 in arterial,
      mixed venous, and left lower lobe venous blood were measured with the double
      antibody radioimmunoassay technique. Ten percent O2 was administered to assess
      pressor response. Twenty-one percent O2 was restarted, meclofenamate was
      administered, and measurements were repeated 30 min later. Atelectasis did not
      elevate levels of prostanoid metabolites. 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha averaged 88 +/- 65
      pg/ml prior to atelectasis and 81 +/- 73 pg/ml after atelectasis (F = 0.7, P =
      NS). Likewise, thromboxane B2 values were normal. No transpulmonary concentration
      differences were found. 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha did not correlate with shunt values,
      which ranged from 14 to 35% (mean 21%). Meclofenamate effectively blocked
      cyclooxygenase, as demonstrated by decreases in prostanoid metabolite levels. It
      seems likely that in dogs with acute atelectasis prostacyclin localized in the
      pulmonary vasculature decreases strength of hypoxic vasoconstriction modestly and
      uniformly without raising blood levels of prostacyclin metabolite.

PMID- 3839789
TI  - Role of surfactant in the alveolus.

PMID- 3839790
TI  - Macrophage activation by PAF incorporated into dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
      cholesterol liposomes.
AB  - The phospholipid mediator, platelet activating factor (PAF: 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl
      sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), was recently reported to activate macrophage
      monocyte cells as well as neutrophils or platelets. PAF was incorporated into
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol liposomes, and their effect on guinea
      pig peritoneal macrophages was examined. PAF incorporated into liposomes was
      found to activate macrophages much more potently than PAF in the free form,
      whereas the effect of PAF in liposome on platelets was weaker than that of PAF in
      the free form. A large difference between PAF in liposomes and PAF in the free
      form was observed in the rate of degradation of PAF during incubation with
      macrophages. This rapid degradation of PAF in the free form may partially explain
      the poor activation by PAF of macrophages.

PMID- 3839791
TI  - Tb3+ binding to bovine prothrombin and bovine prothrombin fragment 1.
AB  - The binding of Tb3+ to bovine prothrombin and the amino-terminal 156 residues of
      prothrombin (F-1) was studied. On the basis of various Tb3+ emission properties,
      three classes of Tb3+-binding sites were described. The first class contained
      three high affinity sites in the F-1 region. These sites were filled
      noncooperatively and were saturated with Tb3+ before the other classes of sites
      started to fill. Ho3+ quenching of Tb3+ emission showed that these sites were in
      close proximity to one another (estimated distances 6-12 A). The second class of
      sites contained three lower affinity sites, also in the F-1 region. These sites
      bound Tb3+ in a stoichiometric manner and saturated prior to metal binding to the
      final class of sites. The number of protein ligands binding Tb3+ in the high
      affinity sites decreased as this second set of sites was filled. Ho3+ quenching
      of Tb3+ emission suggested that these sites were closely spaced and/or close to
      the first set of sites. The third class of sites contained 4-6 low affinity sites
      unique to prothrombin (not in the F-1 region). These sites were not studied
      extensively, but Tb3+ did not appear to bind stoichiometrically and did not
      saturate these sites in a manner similar to the other two classes of sites. The
      emission properties of Tb3+ bound to F-1 were different in KCl versus NaCl
      containing buffer while the emission properties of Tb3+ bound to prothrombin were
      not. Optimum conditions for studying lanthanide binding to F-1 (i.e. when Tb3+
      bound to F-1 showed emission properties similar to Tb3+ bound to prothrombin)
      were when F-1 experiments were done at low F-1 concentrations in buffer
      containing 0.1 M KCl.

PMID- 3839792
TI  - Protein C in bovine plasma after warfarin treatment. Purification, partial
      characterization, and beta-hydroxyaspartic acid content.
AB  - Protein C was purified from the plasma of a cow treated with the vitamin K
      antagonist warfarin. The purified protein appeared not to bind Ca2+ ions in
      contrast to protein C from an untreated animal. The gamma-carboxyglutamic acid
      content of the abnormal protein C was reduced to approximately 10% of normal,
      whereas the beta-hydroxyaspartic acid content was only slightly decreased,
      suggesting that vitamin K is not involved in the postribosomal hydroxylation of
      the aspartic acid residue in position 71 of the light chain of protein C. The
      abnormal and normal proteins were activated at the same rates by thrombin, but
      normal protein C was more rapidly activated by the thrombin-thrombomodulin
      complex. Compared to normal protein C, the abnormal one had virtually no
      anticoagulant activity.

PMID- 3839794
TI  - Sequence and evolution of guinea pig preproinsulin DNA.
AB  - Guinea pig insulin exhibits an unusually high degree of divergence from the
      conserved insulins of other mammals. cDNA clones encoding guinea pig
      preproinsulin were isolated, and their nucleic acid sequences were determined.
      Comparisons of the nucleic acid sequence and its predicted amino acid sequence
      with sequences encoding insulins of other species revealed that the gene encoding
      guinea pig preproinsulin evolved from the same ancestral mammalian gene as other
      known mammalian insulin genes.

PMID- 3839793
TI  - The structure of prothrombin fragment 1 at 3.5-A resolution.
AB  - The structure of prothrombin fragment 1 has been determined at 3.5-A resolution
      by multiple isomorphous replacement methods with four heavy atom derivatives. The
      final average figure of merit is 0.72. There is a large cylindrical solvent
      region with an average diameter of 35-40 A along the entire length of the c axis
      (85 A) centered at about x = y = 1/2. The connected density forming the wall of
      this channel is not of sufficient extent to account for the 156 residues of
      fragment 1 and the two accompanying carbohydrate chains totaling 5000 in
      molecular weight. Deglycosylated fragment 1 crystallizes isomorphously with
      fragment 1, and a difference map between the two revealed that the sugar chains
      are severely disordered and reside in the solvent channel. Although the
      disordered carbohydrate and the complexity of five disulfides in a 126-residue
      sequence have hampered the complete tracing of the peptide chain, two-thirds of
      the molecule has been accounted for in the form of an unusually oblate ellipsoid
      of about 15 X 30 X 35 A. The folding of the molecule has little secondary
      structure (one alpha-helix (7%), 20% beta-structure) in agreement with dichroism
      measurements and one of the points of carbohydrate attachment is suggested from
      the deglycosylated difference map.

PMID- 3839795
TI  - Quantitative calculations of temporomandibular joint reaction forces--I. The
      importance of the magnitude of the jaw muscle forces.
AB  - The effect of measurement errors on quantitative calculation of temporomandibular
      joint reaction force was investigated in a two-dimensional, two-muscle model. A
      computer program using the model incremented the magnitude of the bite force and
      muscle forces and the lengths of their moment arms, and calculated the joint
      reaction force at each increment. Computation of the joint reaction force is most
      sensitive to the relative lengths of the bite force and muscle forces moment
      arms. Absolute values for each muscle force are not required and errors in the
      magnitudes of the muscle forces have only a minor effect on calculation of the
      total joint reaction force.

PMID- 3839796
TI  - Prostaglandin inhibition and the rate of recovery after arthroscopic
      meniscectomy. A randomised double-blind prospective study.
AB  - In a double-blind, randomised, prospective study of 139 patients undergoing
      arthroscopic meniscectomy, those receiving a prostaglandin inhibitor (naproxen
      sodium) had significantly less pain, less synovitis and less effusion. They had
      significantly more rapid return of movement and of quadriceps function; their
      return to work and to sport also was significantly faster. It is recommended
      that, provided there are no contraindications, a prostaglandin inhibitor should
      be used after arthroscopic procedures.

PMID- 3839797
TI  - Five mouse tubulin isotypes and their regulated expression during development.
AB  - We describe five mouse tubulin cloned cDNAs, two (M alpha 1 and M alpha 2) that
      encode alpha-tubulin and three (M beta 2, M beta 4, and M beta 5) that encode
      beta-tubulin. The sequence of these clones reveals that each represents a
      distinct gene product. Within the sequence common to the two alpha-tubulin cDNAs,
      the encoded amino acids are identical, though the 3' noncoding regions are wholly
      dissimilar. In contrast, the three beta-tubulin cDNAs show considerable carboxy
      terminal heterogeneity. Two of the beta-tubulin isotypes defined by the cloned
      sequences are absolutely conserved between mouse and human, and all three beta
      tubulin isotypes are conserved between mouse and rat. This result implies the
      existence of selective constraints that have maintained sequence identity after
      species divergence. This conclusion is reinforced by the near identity between a
      third mouse beta-tubulin isotype and a chicken beta-tubulin isotype. The
      significance of the interspecies conservation of tubulin isotypes is discussed in
      relationship to microtubule function. We have used non-cross-hybridizing 3'
      noncoding region probes from the five cloned mouse tubulin cDNAs to study the
      developmental expression of each isotype in various mouse tissues. M alpha 1 and
      M beta 2 are expressed in an approximately coordinate fashion, and their
      transcripts are most abundant in brain and lung. M alpha 2 and M beta 5 are
      ubiquitously expressed and to a similar extent in each tissue, with the greatest
      abundance in spleen, thymus, and immature brain. In contrast, M beta 4 is
      expressed exclusively in brain. Whereas the expression of the latter isotype
      increases dramatically during postnatal development, transcripts from all four
      other tubulin genes decline from maximum levels at or before birth. Tissue
      specific development changes in the abundance of tubulin isotype-specific mRNAs
      are discussed in relationship to organogenesis in the mouse.

PMID- 3839798
TI  - Responses of cultured cardiac myocytes to lysosomotropic compounds and methylated
      amino acids.
AB  - Cardiac myocytes whose lysosomes had been pre-labelled with acridine orange were
      exposed to either L-amino acid methyl esters (L-leucine or methionine methyl
      ester) or to 'lysosomotropic' weak bases (chloroquine, methylamine, and NH4Cl)
      for 1 h. Both types of interventions dilated lysosomes equally and inhibited
      proteolysis to varying degrees. The weak bases produced no apparent alterations
      in the acridine orange staining, whereas the methylated amino acids induced a
      marked redistribution of the fluorescent dye from lysosomes into the myoplasm,
      suggesting that they may have provoked a change in lysosomal membrane
      permeability. A brief exposure to weak bases failed to enhance acid proteinase
      secretion into the culture medium but apparently inactivated cellular cathepsin B
      activity. In contrast, methylated amino acids induced no alterations in acid
      proteinase activity or the cellular distribution of the two proteolytic enzymes.
      Lastly, weak bases markedly elevated intralysosomal pH as measured with
      fluorescein dextran, while only modest rises were observed after amino acid
      methyl ester treatment. The present observations imply that amino acid methyl
      esters represent a new class of reagents with actions distinctly different from
      those of chloroquine and NH4Cl, and they may provide a unique and valuable means
      of studying secondary lysosomal function in cell culture.

PMID- 3839799
TI  - Characterization of lacto-N-hexaose and two fucosylated derivatives from human
      milk by high-performance liquid chromatography and proton NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - The branched hexasaccharide whose trivial name is lacto-N-hexaose (LNH) as well
      as a mono- and a difuco-derivative were isolated from human breast milk of a
      Lewis a positive donor by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Reversed
      phase HPLC on C18 columns which have been used previously in our laboratory for
      successful separations of the smaller milk oligosaccharides were not effective in
      this system. However, normal-phase HPLC on an amino-bonded silica column (Varian
      AX-5) gave both analytical and preparative separations. The identity of the LNH
      core structure was verified both by HPLC and by NMR spectroscopy of the
      fucosidase digestion products of the fucosylated oligosaccharides. LNH was
      identified by NMR spectroscopy of the reduced and acetylated derivative whose
      high field spectrum has been previously reported. The positions of fucosylation
      of beta-GlcNAc residues were determined by the characteristic chemical shifts of
      the resonances assigned to alpha-fucose H1 and H5. The assignment of many of the
      resonances to sugar ring protons was possible using difference decoupling
      methods. The observation of nuclear Overhauser effects between the anomeric
      protons and the aglycone protons of adjacent residues confirmed the assignment of
      the glycosidic linkages.

PMID- 3839800
TI  - Pathophysiology of spontaneous hypercalciuria in laboratory rats. Role of
      deranged vitamin D metabolism.
AB  - Recent data suggest a causal role of deranged 1,25(OH)2D metabolism in the
      syndrome of idiopathic hypercalciuria. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated if
      vitamin D availability and/or increased serum 1,25(OH)2D were critical for the
      expression of hypercalciuria in laboratory rats. Ca balance, serum 25OHD3, and
      1,25(OH)2D3 were studied in D-deprived (-D) and D-repleted (+D) male progeny (p)
      born to normocalciuric (NC) and spontaneously hypercalciuric (SH) rats. 7 of the
      14 pSH and 2 of 21 pNC had SH, which was defined as urinary Ca greater than two
      standard deviations above the mean of values for control animals on days 5 and 6
      of a low Ca +D diet (1.19 vs. 0.58 mg/d, P less than 0.001). Fasting serum Ca and
      25OHD3 were similar to control. Serum 1,25(OH)2D3 was elevated in these nine SH
      rats (232 vs. 145 pg/ml, P less than 0.005). However, during vitamin D
      deprivation, their Ca excretion was also increased (1.53 vs. 0.45 mg/d, P less
      than 0.001), despite comparably reduced serum 1,25(OH)2D3 (102 vs. 106 pg/ml) and
      undetectable serum 25OHD3. Net intestinal Ca absorption on a low Ca diet was
      comparable during D repletion (-0.75 vs. -0.82 mg/d) or D deprivation (-0.80 vs. 
      2.15 mg/d), excluding primary hyperabsorption as the mediator of the
      hypercalciuria. Mild hypophosphatemia was present in SH on +D (5.8 vs. 6.9 mg/dl,
      P less than 0.005) and -D diets (6.2 vs. 7.9 mg/dl, P less than 0.005), and was
      associated with higher rates of cyclic adenosine monophosphate excretion (32.8
      vs. 26.9 and 48.5 vs. 41.0 nmol/mg of creatinine, respectively). Spontaneous
      hypercalciuria is therefore dissociable from increased Ca absorption, serum
      levels of 25OHD3, or 1,25(OH)2D3. The data are most compatible with the
      hypothesis of a renal Ca leak which stimulates parathyroid hormone activity and
      increases serum 1,25(OH)2D3, if provided adequate 25OHD3 as substrate.

PMID- 3839803
TI  - Microcomputer program for cell counting.

PMID- 3839801
TI  - Evidence for alteration of the vitamin D-endocrine system in blacks.
AB  - As compared with values in white subjects, bone mass is known to be increased and
      urinary calcium to be diminished in black individuals. To evaluate the
      possibility that these changes are associated with alterations in the vitamin D
      endocrine system, an investigation was performed in 12 black subjects, 7 men and
      5 women, and 14 white subjects, 8 men and 6 women, ranging in age from 20 to 35
      yr. All of them were hospitalized on a metabolic ward and were given a constant
      daily diet containing 400 mg of calcium, 900 mg of phosphorus, and 110 meq of
      sodium. Whereas mean serum calcium, ionized calcium, and phosphate were the same
      in the two groups, mean serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (350 +/- 34 vs.
      225 +/- 26 pg/ml, P less than 0.01) and mean serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
      (1,25(OH)2D) (41 +/- 3 vs. 29 +/- 2 pg/ml, P less than 0.01) were significantly
      higher, and mean serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OHD) was significantly lower in
      the blacks than in the whites (6 +/- 1 vs. 20 +/- 2 ng/ml, P less than 0.001).
      Mean urinary sodium and 24-h creatinine clearance were the same in the two
      groups, whereas mean urinary calcium was significantly lower (101 +/- 14 vs. 166
      +/- 13 mg/d, P less than 0.01) and mean urinary cyclic AMP was significantly
      higher (3.11 +/- 0.47 vs. 1.84 +/- 0.25 nM/dl glomerular filtrate, P less than
      0.01) in the blacks. Further, the blacks excreted an intravenous calcium load, 15
      mg/kg body weight, as efficiently as the whites (49 +/- 3 vs. 53 +/- 3%, NS).
      Mean serum Gla protein was lower in blacks than in whites (14 +/- 2 vs. 24 +/- 3
      ng/ml, P less than 0.02), and increased significantly in both groups in response
      to 1,25(OH)2D3, 4 micrograms/d for 4 d. There was a blunted response of urinary
      calcium to 1,25(OH)2D3 in the blacks, and mean serum calcium did not change. The
      results indicate that alteration of the vitamin D-endocrine system with enhanced
      renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and increased circulating 1,25(OH)2D as a
      result of secondary hyperparathyroidism may contribute to the increased bone mass
      in blacks. Their low serum 25-OHD is attributed to diminished synthesis of
      vitamin D in the skin because of increased pigment.

PMID- 3839802
TI  - Identification of a point mutation in the adenosine deaminase gene responsible
      for immunodeficiency.
AB  - Deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA) is the cause of an autosomal recessive
      form of immunodeficiency. We sought to define, at a molecular level, the
      mutations responsible for ADA deficiency in the cell line GM-1715, derived from
      an immunodeficient patient. Full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) for ADA was
      synthesized and cloned from the cell line. Sequence analysis of the clones
      revealed a point mutation in codon 101 (CGG to CAG) that predicts an amino acid
      change from arginine to glutamine. Southern blot analysis, based on silent
      polymorphisms in the cDNA sequence, indicated that only one of the defective
      alleles of the GM-1715 line had been sequenced. The mutation that was identified
      appears to be responsible for the loss of function in this allele, since the
      predicted primary structure of the enzyme is otherwise entirely normal.

PMID- 3839805
TI  - Radiotherapy of severe ophthalmic Graves' disease.
AB  - The effects of orbital irradiation on Ophthalmic Graves' Disease (OGD) were
      evaluated in 24 patients. All patients were irradiated after a median duration of
      eye symptoms of 12 months (range 3-36 months). Irradiation therapy was performed
      for loss of visual acuity, progressive diplopia and/or keratitis due to recent
      progression of eye symptoms. During a follow up period of 2-4.5 years, in 11
      patients after irradiation, a mean decrease in proptosis oculi of 5.1 mm was
      found while 8 of these patients showed a mean increase in visual acuity of 0.26.
      Apparently, a decrease of activity of the inflammatory process in retrobulbar
      tissues can be achieved after irradiation, over a longer period of time in many
      patients. Furthermore concomitantly administered corticosteroids could be tapered
      off completely in all patients. Treatment of severe OGD of recent onset with
      irradiation, in combination with a short course of prednisone is very effective.
      This study also shows that prednisone treatment alone is not very successful
      because of the high recurrence rate of eye sings after decrease of the dose and
      the many side effects of the drug.

PMID- 3839804
TI  - Interaction of protein percent with caloric density and protein source for
      lactating cows.
AB  - Experiment 1 was to test effect of three ratios of energy to protein in complete
      mixed diets for 36 lactating cows in three, 28-d periods. Energy was varied with
      cottonseed hulls, pelleted ground corrugated boxes, and a mixture of the two.
      Crude protein was varied with soybean meal to give energy:crude protein of 5.7,
      5.0, and 4.6 for each energy amount. Cottonseed meal was compared with soybean
      meal in corrugated box diets. Feed intake was much higher with cottonseed hulls,
      and appreciable feedlot bloat resulted from pelleted ground corrugated box diets.
      Data adjusted to equal feed intake showed significant effect of energy to crude
      protein ratio on milk yield and improved digestion of organic matter with soybean
      meal vs. cottonseed meal. Experiment 2 tested the hypothesis that lactating cows
      consuming high-protein alfalfa may benefit from supplemental protein. Diets were
      50% forage. Six diets were 14 or 18% crude protein in three ratios of alfalfa hay
      to corn silage (0:100, 50:50, 100:0). Additional corn silage diets were to
      compare: 14 versus 18% protein from distiller's dried grains with solubles only
      and with .5 or .9% urea (four diets); two 14% protein diets compared .6% added
      potassium chloride with or without .5% urea. Thirty-six Holstein cows in early
      lactation received one of the 12 diets in each of three 28-d periods. Distiller's
      grains with solubles markedly depressed milk yield (2.2 kg/d) and milk protein
      (.22%); heat damage of distiller's grains was evident. Protein interacted with
      alfalfa so gain in milk from 18 versus 14% increased from .55 to 1.36 to 2.66
      kg/d as alfalfa changed from 0 to 50 to 100%. Thus, crude protein of alfalfa was
      not as effective as that from soybean meal in supporting milk yield.

PMID- 3839806
TI  - Identical RT1 class II molecules are expressed by rat RT1m and RT1c haplotypes.
AB  - The RT1m haplotype of MNR rats has been suggested to be a recombinant RT1
      haplotype inheriting RT1.A (class I) alleles from RT1a (DA) and RT1.B (class II)
      alleles from RT1c (AUG). Additional serologic and biochemical assays, however,
      have suggested that RT1m and RT1c share a single identical RT1.B molecule,
      although differing in the expression of the second RT1.B molecule. To resolve
      this contradiction, RT1.B class II molecules, comparable to I-A and I-E molecules
      in mice, expressed by the RT1c and RT1m haplotypes were immunoprecipitated by
      cross-reactive mouse anti-Ia antibodies and were compared by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis and by high pressure liquid chromatographic separation of tryptic
      peptides. Respective subunits expressed by the two haplotypes co-migrate on two
      dimensional gels and have identical tryptic peptide maps. The results at the
      protein level were confirmed at the DNA level by Southern blot analysis of MNR
      and AUG genomic DNA. Identical restriction fragments associated with the RT1m and
      RT1c haplotypes hybridized with each of the DC1 beta, DR alpha, and DR beta cDNA
      probes. The results at both the protein and DNA levels suggest that the RT1m and
      RT1c haplotypes share identical expressed alleles at the RT1.Ba, RT1.Bb, RT1.Bc,
      and RT1.Bd loci.

PMID- 3839807
TI  - Positive serological tests for infectious mononucleosis in a patient with
      Mediterranean spotted fever.
AB  - The Monospot test is an accurate and reliable test for infectious mononucleosis.
      False positive reactions have been seldom recorded. We report the conversion of
      the Monospot test from negative to positive during the course of Mediterranean
      spotted fever. Changes in the titre of the Paul-Bunnell test were observed also.
      The importance of measuring IgM antibodies as part of the routine investigation
      of infectious diseases is emphasised.

PMID- 3839808
TI  - A comparative evaluation of levamisole in leprosy.
AB  - Ninety adult leprosy patients attending the skin outpatient department of
      Institute Hospital of Varanasi, India, were selected for the study. A group of
      thirty patients including 10 cases of lepromatous, 10 of borderline and 10 cases
      in reaction of which 5 were of type 1 and 5 of type II reaction were treated with
      levamisole and DDS. Levamisole was given in the doses of 150 mg. daily for three
      consecutive days which was repeated after every 12 days. The effects were
      compared with two similar groups receiving clofazimine plus DDS and DDS alone
      respectively for six months. It was observed that levamisole was useful in
      bringing down both the types of reactions in a period shorter than required by
      clofazimine. Clinical improvement in non-reaction cases was found to be similar
      in all the three groups. Minor side effects were also seen with levamisole and
      clofazimine in some cases.

PMID- 3839809
TI  - L.D.H. isoenzymes sub-unit ratio in leprosy and the effect of clofazimine
      treatment on L.D.H. isoenzymes sub-unit.
AB  - The clinical material for our studies of serum total LDH activity and LDH
      isoenzymes in leprosy included 255 patients consisting of Tuberculoid (74),
      Lepromatous leprosy (116), and Lepromatous leprosy with lepra reaction (65). 20
      patients with suspected DDS resistance and repeated attacks of lepra reactions
      were selected for Clofazimine studies. All leprosy patients exhibited higher
      total LDH activity as compared to normals. M/H ratio was significantly increased
      in patients of Lepromatous leprosy and correlated closely with the clinical
      severity and advancement of disease. Tuberculoid leprosy patients showed values
      close to normals. Hence M/H ratio could demarcate two polar types of leprosy i.e.
      Tuberculoid and Lepromatous leprosy. Clofazimine treatment over a period of one
      year in patients with suspected DDS resistance and repeated attacks of lepra
      reaction decreased total LDH activity and M/H ratio considerably. Fall in M/H
      ratio during Clofazimine treatment could be attributed to the clearance of 'M'
      subunits by the drug due to removal of blockade of R.E.S. system produced by
      lepra bacilli.

PMID- 3839810
TI  - Epidemiological and clinical aspects of leprosy in Indian armed forces.
AB  - Epidemiological and clinical aspects of leprosy in 1911 cases of the disease in
      armed forces personnel were studied. Typewise distribution of cases was
      Tuberculoid 53.53%, Lepromatous 20.57%, Indeterminate 8.74%, Borderline 11.67%
      and Polyneuritic 5.49%. Maximum leprosy cases occurred in those belonging to
      Uttar Pradesh 17.11%. Maximum number of cases were detected (88.55%) in age group
      20-39 years. Incidence of leprosy increased with increased years of service.
      11.82% patients were illiterate. 89.85% patients earned Rs. 200 to 499 per month.
      56.08% patients had no landed property. Houses of 47.29% cases were located in
      congested areas. 68.23% patients had to support larger families. In 95.94% cases
      no family members were examined for leprosy. Diet, smoking and alcohol appear to
      have had no relation to disease in cases studied. Clinical presentation of cases
      was classical and typespecific. Skin eruption and loss of sensation were the
      commonest symptoms. Leprosy lesions were detected on almost all parts of body.
      Thermal sensation was the commonest modality lost. Ulnar, lateral popliteal and
      greater auricular were the frequently affected nerves. Amongst complications
      paralytic deformities were common (16.09%). 545 complications were detected in
      1911 cases. While 84.29% patients had put in more than 4 years of service, the
      source of infection was known only in 0.57% positively (intrafamilial).

PMID- 3839812
TI  - Arteriography in leprosy.
AB  - Arterial pattern of hands and feet-vessels was studied in 26 patients of leprosy
      by percutaneous arteriography, and in these cases muscle biopsy was also done.
      The vessels in leprosy were showing smooth tapering, absence of collaterals,
      occlusion of the artery and rippling (tortousity) of vessels. Such abnormal
      pictures were seen in all the arteriograms studied, and in 82% of of cases
      moderate to severe vascular changes were seen. Decreased blood flow through the
      arteries in the distal part of the limb leading to ischaemia, is probably the
      cause for deformity and/or ulceration in the leprosy. Presence of vascular
      thickening, perivascular granuloma and lymphocytic infiltration in the muscle may
      be possible explanation for angiographic findings and is felt to be related to
      trophic ulceration.

PMID- 3839813
TI  - Evaluation of effectiveness of clofazimine therapy. I. Monitoring of absorption
      of clofazimine from gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - The quantity of clofazimine absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract when
      administered to lepromatous leprosy patients at varying single doses of 600 mg.,
      400 mg., 300 mg., and 100 mg. has been worked out by determining the amount of
      clofazimine present in total faecal excreta. Except in 100 mg. dose where the
      percentage absorption was 62.5 +/- 17 in all other case the values were around
      45%. The efficacy of daily administration of 100 mg. clofazimine is discussed in
      this first article.

PMID- 3839811
TI  - Surveillance in leprosy.
AB  - Surveillance in leprosy forms an integral part of leprosy control activities.
      Usually contact and school surveys are done annually and general population
      surveys are done once every 3-5 years. Data is presented which suggest that
      frequently done surveys may not be cost effective as a means of case detection.
      Carefully done general surveys once every 3 years, covering contacts as well as
      school children may be adequate and more cost effective in endemic areas, whereas
      contact surveys, surveys of high risk groups and contact tracing, may be more
      relevent in low endemic areas.

PMID- 3839814
TI  - A study of relapse in non lepromatous and intermediate groups of leprosy.
AB  - Dapsone has been used as a monotherapy and in well organised control units, the
      prevalence of leprosy has come down. The relapse rates presented in this
      communication are quite low compared with those reported by various authors
      quoted in this paper. Relapse rates appear to remain steady at about 5/1000 for
      each following year after R.F.C. for 7 years. This relapse rate does not appear
      to be related to regularity of treatment. The relapse rate appears that longer
      the duration of treatment, the earlier relapse due to severity of the disease of
      those who had longer treatment. Health education for R.F.C. cases on signs of
      relapse is a must before they are declared R.F.C. The levels of Sulphone in the
      blood remain above MIC for as much as ten days after the last dose and therefore
      Dapsone allows self-administration. It is expected that with the introduction of
      bacteriocidal drugs in the treatment of paucibacillary leprosy, the relapse rates
      would go down. As observed from a study conducted in Jalma, maintenance treatment
      as advocated by the NLCP (1964) and WHO (1970) does not seem to be necessary. The
      necessity of such maintenance treatment may be obviated with the use of multi
      drug regimen in paucibacillary leprosy. This would enable a large number of cases
      to be released from control thereby reducing patient load considerably and making
      the supervised treatment of multibacillary cases more easy.

PMID- 3839815
TI  - Multi-drug therapy for multi-bacillary cases in Wardha district, Maharashtra,
      India.
AB  - 2786 infectious patients of Wardha district are now receiving multi-drug therapy.
      67% of those who have received 2 years' treatment have become bacteriologically
      negative. Side-effects due to drugs have been comparatively few. In the majority
      of patients who had such side-effects, they have been mild.

PMID- 3839817
TI  - Neuropathic plantar ulceration.
AB  - Management of 111 trophic plantar ulcers existing in 100 patients of leprosy have
      been reviewed. Male preponderance with 4th and 5th decade of life predilection
      was observed. Most of the patients were of lepromatous type. Ulcers were grouped
      into superficial and deep. They were treated by various methods viz. plaster cast
      alone and in combination with curettage, posterior tibial neurovascular
      decompression and metatarsectomy. It was observed that ulcers heal faster if
      conservative plaster cast treatment is clubbed with surgical treatment of the
      ulcer. Indications of various surgical methods is defined. Role of proper
      footwear in the management of plantar ulcers has been emphasized.

PMID- 3839816
TI  - Borderline reactions treated with clofazimine and corticosteroids.
AB  - Thirtyfour cases of Borderline Reaction were treated with Clofazimine and
      corticosteroids. The clinical findings including sensory and motor assessments
      and skin smears were made before treatment and again when the reaction subsided,
      subject to a minimum period of one year. These findings are analysed and
      discussed.

PMID- 3839819
TI  - Pattern of deformities/disabilities in urban leprosy.

PMID- 3839818
TI  - Deformities in leprosy patients attending urban leprosy clinic at Varanasi.
AB  - Analysis of records of urban leprosy clinic of the University Hospital, Varanasi
      for deformities was done for the years 1979 to 83. Gross deformity rate was 3.73
      percent only. The majority of cases of deformity were in borderline type of
      leprosy. The commonest deformity was claw hand. It is discussed that dapsone
      treatment does not increase the chance of deformity. The rate, however, increased
      with age.

PMID- 3839820
TI  - The dapsone syndrome. A case report.

PMID- 3839822
TI  - Immuno-stimulatory effect of levamisole in borderline leprosy cases.
AB  - Eleven cases of borderline-borderline leprosy were subjected to levamisole
      therapy for 3 months. Levamisole was given 150 mg/day on three consecutive days
      every fortnight along with dapsone (DDS). Immuno-stimulation was assessed by
      lepromin test using Lepromin-A supplied by W.H.O. containing 4.0 X 10(7) bacilli
      per milli litre. It was found that there was statistically significant change in
      lepromin reaction after levamisole therapy.

PMID- 3839821
TI  - Extensor pollicis brevis deviation graft operation in case of Z-deformity of the
      thumb in ulnar palsy--a preliminary case report.
AB  - This new procedure is described as an analogous operation to Extensor Diversion
      Graft Operation for correction of claw fingers (Srinivasan H.) (5). The procedure
      is found useful to stabilise the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb
      preventing or correcting Z-deformity and weakness of the pinch showing many
      advantages compared to other procedures. A single case is shown as a preliminary
      report.

PMID- 3839823
TI  - On urine spot test for dapsone intake.

PMID- 3839824
TI  - Who chemotherapeutic regimen for pauci-bacillary cases.

PMID- 3839825
TI  - Influence of levamisole on lymphocytes and M. leprae in mice.
AB  - Normal uninfected (N) and M. leprae infected mice (NI) were given levamisole in
      the dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight. The animals were observed over a period of
      nine months for bacillary load, T and B cell counts and blast transformation with
      PHA. Significant increase in B cell counts was observed in the levamisole treated
      normal (NL) compared to normal control (N) group. T cell counts and blast
      transformation, however, remained unaffected. However, T-cell counts and blast
      transformation improved significantly in the infected and levamisole treated
      (NIL) as compared to the infected group (NI) not given levamisole. Bacillary
      loads remained unaltered in both, the infected (NI) and levamisole treated (NIL)
      group.

PMID- 3839826
TI  - Immunomodulation with corticosteroids and levamisole in leprosy as gauged by in
      vivo lepromin and in vitro CMI responses.
AB  - Corticosteroids and Levamisole are known to be immuno suppressive and immuno
      stimulating agents respectively. Their effects on polar types of leprosy,
      tuberculoid and lepromatous have been studied using in vivo lepromin and in vitro
      lymphocyte count, rosette formation, L.T.T. and L.M.I.T. parameters.
      Immunosuppressive effect of corticosteroids on tuberculoid leprosy is marked with
      reduced and negative lepromin sensitivity but same does not hold true with other
      in vitro C.M.I. tests. Similar results are obtained with levamisole exhibiting
      its ineffectiveness in lepromin conversion in lepromatous cases although some
      improvement is observed in other in vitro C.M.I. tests. Evaluation of the results
      showed: lack of correlation between in vivo lepromin and in vitro other C.M.I.
      parameters with corticosteroids and levamisole lepromin sensitivity has some
      unknown influence other than thymic factors, prolonged corticosteroid therapy may
      produce permanent immunosuppression in tuberculoid cases making them more
      vulnerable towards lepromatous pole and lepromin sensitivity is more reliable,
      stable and easy to perform.

PMID- 3839827
TI  - First lesion in experimental armadillo leprosy.
AB  - Eighteen armadillos were infected intravenously with 10(8) M. leprae and 10
      intracutaneously with 10(7) M. leprae. Among those which developed disseminated
      disease, a nodule at the site of inoculation was the first lesion noticed in 14
      of the 16 infected intravenously and 4 of the 4 infected intradermally. It is
      possible that in human leprosy the first sign of infection is localized
      proliferation of M. leprae at the site of entry, and even nodule formation in
      lepromatous patients. It may be important to search for asymptomatic swelling or
      keloid-like lesions in skin or in nasal mucosa while screening a population for
      early leprosy.

PMID- 3839828
TI  - Hepatitis and multi-drug therapy in leprosy with special reference to
      prothionamide.
AB  - Hepatotoxicity in two drug regimens was studied at Central Leprosy Teaching and
      Research Institute, Chengalpattu (Tamil Nadu) during 1983-84. In 'P' regimen
      prothionamide 350 mg daily, dapsone 100 mg daily and rifampicin 600 mg at monthly
      intervals were given. In' C' regimen-dapsone 100 mg daily, rifampicin 600 mg once
      a month and clofazimine 300 mg once a month and 100 mg alternate day were given.
      Trial was started with fifty multibacillary adult leprosy patients in each group.
      Enzymatic hepatic dysfunction was noted in 52-58 per cent of the cases even
      before the therapy was started. In 'P' regimen, four cases of clinical jaundice
      and six cases of high bilirubinaemia was noticed during the trial as against two
      cases each of clinical jaundice and high bilirubinaemia in 'C regimen. Of the two
      cases of clinical jaundice in 'C' regimen, one turned out to be a case of HBV
      infection. The study which is in progress, indicated higher hepatotoxicity in 'P'
      regimen which is probably explained by the simultaneous use of two hepatotoxic
      drugs. Viral hepatitis is endemic in this area and might have aggravated the
      hepatotoxicity observed.

PMID- 3839829
TI  - Prothionamide and dapsone therapy in leprosy--a clinical study.
AB  - Combined therapy with prothionamide and dapsone was instituted in fifteen active
      untreated lepromatous leprosy cases for a period of 18 months. Clinical
      improvement was good with attainment of zero morphological index in about 66%
      cases. Bacteriological improvement was rather unsatisfactory as one case only
      reached zero level. Side effects were observed in few cases necessitating
      withdrawal of combined therapy and patients' prothionamide compliance was rather
      unimpressive.

PMID- 3839830
TI  - In vitro detection of endothelial cell damage using 2-deoxy-D-3H-glucose:
      comparison with chromium 51, 3H-leucine, 3H-adenine, and lactate dehydrogenase.
AB  - To develop a sensitive in vitro assay for detecting endothelial cell damage, we
      radiolabeled endothelial cell monolayers with tracer amounts of 2-deoxy-D-[1-3H]
      glucose (3HDOG). We damaged identical cohorts of endothelial cells radiolabeled
      with 3HDOG or chromium 51 by exposing monolayers to toxic oxygen radicals
      generated by xanthine-xanthine oxidase or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)
      activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), a surface active agent (Triton X
      100), and anti-HLA antibodies and complement. With each mechanism of injury, the
      3HDOG assay detected significant (P less than 0.01) endothelial cell damage at
      lower concentrations of the injurious agent than the 51Cr assay. When endothelial
      monolayers were damaged by xanthine-xanthine oxidase or PMA-activated PMNs,
      efflux of 3HDOG was reduced (range 71% to 94% reduction) by superoxide dismutase
      and catalase, indicating that efflux of 3HDOG was mediated by toxic oxygen
      radicals. When monolayers were damaged with xanthine oxidase in the absence of
      glucose, a much lower concentration of xanthine oxidase was required to initiate
      efflux of 3HDOG as compared with xanthine oxidase injury in the presence of
      glucose. Additional studies compared the 3HDOG assay with 3H-adenine, 3H-leucine,
      and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release when endothelial cells were exposed to
      toxic oxygen radicals generated by PMA-activated PMNs and xanthine-xanthine
      oxidase. Again, the 3HDOG assay was more sensitive in detecting in vitro
      endothelial cell damage. We conclude that the 3HDOG assay is more sensitive than
      the 51Cr, 3H-adenine, 3H-leucine, or LDH release assays in detecting endothelial
      cell damage in vitro.

PMID- 3839831
TI  - Use of 31PNMR spectroscopy to follow the time course of phosphatidylcholine
      chemical synthesis.
AB  - 31PNMR spectroscopy is shown to be useful for studying the chemical synthesis of
      phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidic acid and choline. Sharp, well-resolved
      resonances were obtained by chelating multivalent cations, thereby enabling
      quantitation of reactants, products, and intermediates. The syntheses of several
      types of phosphatidylcholines were monitored by 31PNMR spectroscopy, including
      perdeuterated and headgroup spin-labeled molecules. For perdeuterated
      phosphatidylcholines, this analysis led to reaction conditions giving much better
      conversion to product than conditions previously observed. In addition, a
      polyphosphate side-product was identified in reactions which do not produce
      phosphatidylcholine, implying either a polyphosphate intermediate in the reaction
      mechanism, or else a competing side reaction.

PMID- 3839833
TI  - An expert system for nursing practice. Clinical decision support.
AB  - An artificial-intelligence-based nursing knowledge base can serve as an expert
      clinical decision support system in the areas of standards of care, care plans,
      continuing education, and others for patient conditions with both medical and
      nursing diagnoses.

PMID- 3839832
TI  - Hospital information systems. The relationship between nurse involvement in
      selection and nurse utilization.
AB  - Utilizing a survey approach, this descriptive correlational study explored the
      relationship between nurse involvement in the selection of a hospital information
      system and subsequent nurse utilization of that system. While no correlation was
      shown to exist between the degree of nurse involvement in the selection of a
      hospital information system and the subsequent nurse utilization of that system,
      the investigators strongly believe that further refinement of the questionnaire
      and investigation would show a correlation of the two.

PMID- 3839834
TI  - Computer-based information systems models. Perspectives for nursing.
AB  - A synthesis of theories from the management information systems (MIS) field
      provided the conceptual framework to describe how to design and develop effective
      computer-based information systems. An analysis of activities and interviews with
      nurse managers in a tertiary care medical center provided the basis for
      describing five major nursing department functions and the information
      requirements arising from those functions. The MIS framework was applied to the
      nursing department information requirements in order to derive MNIS, a normative
      model of a nursing information system, which was then used to "bench mark" the
      current status of commercially available nursing information systems. The
      researchers compared the MNIS with 28 nursing information systems that vendors
      are currently developing or marketing. The comparison revealed large gaps between
      nursing department needs and vendor-provided solutions.

PMID- 3839835
TI  - A proposed expert system for nursing practice. A springboard to nursing science.
AB  - The knowledge on which nursing practice is based comes largely from traditional
      sources, expert nurses passing on the wisdom of their experience to novices.
      Nursing research, although increasing, is usually parallel to nursing practice,
      and its findings, at best, are implemented only after long delays. Consequently,
      the most effective nursing responses to a particular client problem may be
      undiscovered or unknown. Nursing information systems reflect the nature and usage
      of nursing knowledge. They offer standard care plans, but the knowledge and
      decision structures for individualizing care remain exclusively in the mind of
      the nurse. Nurses may have great freedom to enter information into the
      information system, but the information is rarely retrievable in a form suitable
      for evaluation or research. Nursing practice, and the knowledge on which it is
      based, could be enhanced through the use of a novel expert system. This paper
      describes how such a system could be developed, with examples from the authors'
      prototype programs. Taxonomies of data, diagnoses, objectives, and interventions
      would make it possible to compare patients and to determine the relative
      effectiveness of nursing interventions. A built-in evaluation component would
      provide feedback and correction. Everyday nursing practice would become a field
      for research, and the knowledge gained from research would immediately be fed
      back into practice. In its development and in its implementation, this kind of
      system would help to build nursing science.

PMID- 3839836
TI  - Data base management for nursing education. One school's experience with System
      1022.
AB  - The data base management system (DBMS) is one tool that can greatly facilitate
      the organization and retrieval of such information. An overview of DBMS is
      presented for nurse educators with considerations for using and selecting a DBMS.
      System 1022 (produced by Software House, 1983), is discussed in terms of the
      process and problems encountered.

PMID- 3839837
TI  - Challenges facing the distribution of an artificial-intelligence-based system for
      nursing.
AB  - The marketing and successful distribution of artificial-intelligence-based
      decision-support systems for nursing face special barriers and challenges. Issues
      that must be confronted arise particularly from the present culture of the
      nursing profession as well as the typical organizational structures in which
      nurses predominantly work. Generalizations in the literature based on the limited
      experience of physician-oriented artificial intelligence applications
      (predominantly in diagnosis and pharmacologic treatment) must be modified for
      applicability to other health professions.

PMID- 3839838
TI  - Nursing functions and computer support.
AB  - Computer-based information system (CBIS) support for nursing functions has
      typically been a by-product of some other automation effort such as
      communication, admission-discharge-transfer, or finance. Support specifically for
      nurses has been narrow in scope and little used, in spite of ongoing discussion
      about its need. However, the situation seems to be improving of late. But is the
      situation really improving? Or, are we merely witnessing unproductive
      machinations? Herein, we discuss three basic conditions that have slowed NIS
      evolution. Following that, however, we offer some evidence of real progress in
      computer-based support for nursing functions.

PMID- 3839839
TI  - Properties of the muscle proteins--a comparative approach.
AB  - The differences in performance that exist between skeletal muscles are in part
      determined by the presence of different forms of most of the contractile and
      regulatory proteins of the myofibril - isoforms. These isoforms have common
      properties but their amino acid sequences are not identical and they exhibit
      slight differences in biological activities, such as ATPase, affinity for
      calcium, etc., that are appropriate for the physiological properties of the
      muscle in which they are present. With the exception of actin, all the major
      proteins present in the I and A filaments of skeletal muscle have been shown to
      exist in two or more isoforms. Whereas proteins such as troponin I and troponin C
      are present as a single isoform in each fibre type in normal muscle, others such
      as myosin and tropomyosin are present as two or more isoforms, usually in
      relative amounts characteristic for the fibre type. Type I and type II muscle
      fibres possess the capacity of synthesizing all the skeletal muscle isoforms of
      the myofibrillar proteins. The complement of isoforms present in a muscle fibre,
      however, depends on a number of factors such as the stage of development or
      regeneration, type of innervation, hormonal effects, etc. Complex mechanisms
      involving the coordinated control of gene expression must operate to ensure that
      the set of isoforms of the myofibrillar proteins present is characteristic for
      the cell type.

PMID- 3839840
TI  - Long-term administration of massive doses of Sn-protoporphyrin in anemic mutant
      mice (sphha/sphha).
AB  - The effects of long-term administration of very large doses of Sn-protoporphyrin
      on hematological indices, histological changes, plasma bilirubin levels, tissue
      heme oxygenase activity, and activities of heme biosynthetic enzymes, were
      examined in genetically anemic mutant mice with hemolytic anemia (sphha/sphha).
      Long-term weekly treatment with Sn-protoporphyrin (100 mumol/kg body weight for
      32 wk) did not alter hematological indices, histological findings, or enzyme
      activities related to heme biosynthesis, even though it resulted in sustained
      decreases in microsomal heme oxygenase activity in the liver, kidney, and spleen,
      and a prolonged decrease in plasma bilirubin concentration. Inhibition of heme
      oxygenase did not alter the level of cytochrome P-450 in the liver and the
      kidney. The results indicate that long-term treatment with massive doses of Sn
      protoporphyrin suppresses bilirubin formation but does not produce significant
      histopathological changes or appreciably interfere with heme synthesis, in this
      strain of genetically anemic mice. These findings provide further support for the
      idea that suppression of heme degradation to bile pigment by the inhibition of
      heme oxygenase may prove useful to the prevention of severe hyperbilirubinemia in
      humans.

PMID- 3839841
TI  - High-field 1H-NMR spectral analysis of some cucurbitacins.
AB  - 1H-nmr spectra of the natural products cucurbitacins A, B, C, D, E, F, I, L, 23,
      24-dihydrocucurbitacin F, and hexanorcucurbitacin F, as well as three acetylated
      derivatives, were measured at 360 MHz in pyridine-d5. Chemical shifts and
      coupling constants were tabulated. In addition to all of the ring and side-chain
      protons, it was possible to assign several of the hydroxy group signals of these
      compounds. These compiled data should be useful for the structure determination
      of new compounds in this series.

PMID- 3839842
TI  - Effects of tumor status on the regulation of natural killer cell activity by
      tumor-associated fetal antigens.
AB  - In the present study we examined the effects of a tumor-associated fetal antigen
      (TAFA-II) on the activity of natural killer (NK) cells isolated from human cancer
      patients. TAFA-II suppressed the NK cell response of some patients, and the level
      of suppression appeared to be independent of tumor type or stage of cancer
      therapy. No significant correlations were found between lymphocyte, neutrophil,
      monocyte, or eosinophil populations and TAFA-induced suppression of NK cell
      activity. TAFA-II effects were also not attributable to Ia+ cells or to OKT3,
      OKT4, or OKT8 positive cells. This work confirmed results obtained in the rat
      model, in which suppression appeared to be directly mediated on the NK cell.

PMID- 3839843
TI  - Levamisole as adjuvant to chemotherapy for canine lymphosarcoma.
AB  - Ninety-eight dogs with previously untreated lymphosarcoma were selected for
      study. All dogs were clinically staged and stratified on the basis of stage. All
      dogs were treated with combination chemotherapy (vincristine, L-asparaginase,
      cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate) and randomized to either a levamisole or
      placebo group. There was no significant difference in either remission time or
      survival time between the levamisole and placebo groups. Clinical stage, age, and
      body weight had no influence on remission or survival time. The most significant
      prognostic factor was sex: Female dogs had significantly enhanced remission time
      (p = 0.004) and survival time (p = less than 0.001).

PMID- 3839844
TI  - Stage III Hodgkin's disease: improved survival with combined modality therapy as
      compared with radiation therapy alone.
AB  - This is a retrospective analysis of 120 patients with pathologically stage IIIA
      and IIIB Hodgkin's disease treated from April 1969 to December 1982. The median
      follow-up was 108 months. Treatment consisted of radiation therapy (RT) alone in
      54 patients and combined radiation therapy and MOPP (nitrogen mustard,
      vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) chemotherapy (CMT) in 66 patients. Stage
      III patients treated with CMT have an improved actuarial 12-year survival as
      compared with patients treated with RT alone with MOPP reserved for relapse (80%
      v 64%; P = .026). The 12-year actuarial freedom from first relapse by treatment
      for stage III patients is 83% and 40%, respectively (P less than .0001). Improved
      survivals following combined modality therapy are seen for the following
      subgroups of stage III patients: stage III2, 66% (CMT) v 44% (total nodal
      irradiation; TNI), P = .04; stage III1, 97% (CMT) v 73% (TNI), P = .05; stage III
      mixed cellularity or lymphocyte depletion histology, 94% (CMT) v 65% (TNI), P =
      .007; and stage III extensive splenic involvement, 77% (CMT) v 58% (TNI), P =
      .02. These survival differences are not seen in patients with nodular sclerosis
      or lymphocyte predominance histology or in patients with minimal splenic
      involvement. These data indicate that the initial use of CMT in stage III
      Hodgkin's disease results in an improved survival as compared with initial
      treatment with RT with MOPP reserved for relapse. Patients with limited Stage
      IIIA disease may still be candidates for radiation therapy alone.

PMID- 3839845
TI  - Thyroid uptake and imaging with iodine-123 at 4-5 hours: replacement of the 24
      hour iodine-131 standard.
AB  - A study was carried out to determine the suitability of utilizing a 4 to 5 hr
      interval from administration of iodine-123 to imaging and uptake measurement as a
      replacement for the 24-hr standard originally established with iodine-131. In 55
      patients who underwent scintigraphy at 4 and 24 hr, there was no discrepancy
      between paired images. In 55 patients who had uptake measured at 4 and 24 hr and
      in 191 patients who had uptake measured at 5 and 24 hr, the early measurements
      proved equal or better discriminants of euthyroid from hyperthyroid patients. In
      our institutions, these findings and the logistical advantages of completing the
      exam in 4-5 hr led us to abandon the 24-hr study in the majority of patients.

PMID- 3839846
TI  - Sunshine exposure and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in exclusively
      breast-fed infants.
AB  - The relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations and
      sunshine exposure in 61 term, exclusively breast-fed infants younger than 6
      months of age was investigated. Sunshine exposure was quantitated using a
      sunshine and clothing diary, which was verified by infant-adapted ultraviolet
      dosimetry. By multiple regression techniques, infant serum 25-OHD concentrations
      were significantly related to UV exposure and maternal serum 25-OHD
      concentrations. Infant 25-OHD concentrations correlated with sunshine exposure in
      infants whose mothers had low (less than 35 ng/ml) or high (greater than 35
      ng/ml) serum concentrations of 25-OHD (r = 0.70, P less than 0.001 and r = 0.53,
      P = 0.004, respectively). Estimates were made to determine sunshine exposure
      conditions necessary to maintain serum 25-OHD concentrations above the lower
      limit of the normal range (11 ng/ml). A conservative estimate would be 30 minutes
      per week wearing only a diaper or 2 hours a week fully clothed without a hat.

PMID- 3839847
TI  - Effect of tin protoporphyrin on the excretion rate of carbon monoxide in newborn
      rats after hematoma formation.
AB  - This study evaluated the efficacy of tin protoporphyrin (TP), a competitive
      inhibitor of heme oxygenase, in suppressing the total body excretion rate of
      carbon monoxide (CO), an index of total bilirubin formation, in neonatal rats
      with artificially created hematomas. Wistar rat litters less than 12 h old were
      each divided into three groups of similar weight and treated as follows: (a)
      saline control (S); (b) hematoma, 80 microliter blood (H); (c) TP, 65 mumol/kg,
      and hematoma (TP-H). CO excretion of the H group increased rapidly after hematoma
      formation, reaching a maximum value of 79 +/- 4 SE microliter/kg/h 25 h later.
      Treatment with TP did not affect the pattern of CO excretion or its magnitude (78
      +/- 2 SE microliter/kg/h, 25 h posthematoma). The S group showed no increase in
      CO excretion at this time (40 +/- 2 SE microliter/kg/h). At the conclusion of the
      experiment (45 h posthematoma), the plasma total bilirubin levels were slightly
      lower in the TP-H rats (1.0 +/- 0.1 SE mg/dl) than in H rats (1.2 +/- 0.1 SE
      mg/dl). The S rats had a plasma total bilirubin concentration of 0.8 +/- 0.1 SE
      mg/dl. The hepatic and splenic heme oxygenase activities were decreased by 61% (p
      less than 0.001) and 48% (p less than 0.05), respectively, in the TP-H rats as
      compared to the H rats. The S and H rats had similar enzyme activities. The
      results of this study suggest that though single-dose TP decreased tissue heme
      oxygenase activity, it did not significantly affect total bilirubin formation.

PMID- 3839848
TI  - A nonlinear multiple regression program, MULTI2 (BAYES), based on Bayesian
      algorithm for microcomputers.
AB  - A nonlinear multiple regression analysis program MULTI2(BAYES) was developed for
      microcomputers. The Bayesian algorithm which is incorporated in MULTI2 (BAYES)
      combines the insufficient individual patient data (individual data) with the
      pharmacokinetic parameters published in literatures (population parameters) to
      predict the plasma time course of the patient. The program is written in the
      minimum Microsoft BASIC commands alone to be executable on many personal
      computers without any modification. The numbers of parameters to estimate,
      independent variables and dependent variables are not restricted in use of
      MULTI2(BAYES). The pharmacokinetic models are defined as one pleases by the user.
      The four nonlinear least squares algorithms, i.e. Gauss-Newton method, damping
      Gauss-Newton method, modified Marquardt method by Fletcher and simplex method can
      be selected at user's option. MULTI2(BAYES) calculates the confidence limits of
      time courses at 95% significant level.

PMID- 3839849
TI  - Canine bombesin-like gastrin releasing peptides stimulate gastrin release and
      acid secretion in the dog.
AB  - The synthetic mammalian bombesin-like peptides, canine gastrin releasing peptide
      27, 23 and 10, and porcine gastrin releasing peptide 27 were compared with
      amphibian bombesin 14 and 10 during intravenous infusions into six conscious dogs
      with chronic gastric cannulae. Gastrin and gastrin releasing peptide were
      measured in peripherally sampled venous blood by radioimmunoassay and gastric
      acid secretions were collected. All forms of gastrin releasing peptide stimulated
      gastrin release and gastric acid secretion in a dose-dependent manner. The larger
      canine and porcine peptides were more potent than the decapeptide. Bombesin 14
      was more potent than bombesin 10. A rise in the venous concentration of
      immunoreactive gastrin releasing peptide of only 20 fmol ml-1 stimulated gastrin
      release to about 50% of maximal. Gastrin releasing peptide 10 was cleared from
      the circulation three times faster than the larger forms and this may account for
      the apparent differences in potency.

PMID- 3839850
TI  - Plasma progesterone concentrations, ovarian and endocrinological response and
      sperm transport in ewes with synchronized oestrus.
AB  - Two experiments involving 24 and 54 Australian Merino ewes were conducted in
      which the establishment of a cervical population of spermatozoa and several
      endocrinological events were studied after several regimens for the
      synchronization of oestrus. Intravaginal sponges impregnated with 500 mg (Exp. 1)
      or 200, 400 or 600 mg (Exp. 2) progesterone resulted in the maintenance of plasma
      progesterone concentrations of 1.5-4.9 ng/ml over a 12-day insertion period
      compared with 1.9-6.9 ng/ml during dioestrus in control ewes. In Exp. 1 basal
      concentrations of less than or equal to 0.25 ng/ml plasma were attained by 4 h
      after sponge withdrawal and this decline was much more rapid than in normal
      luteolysis. This was associated with fewer spermatozoa recovered from the cervix
      2 h after insemination, and PMSG had no significant effect. In Exp. 2 injection
      of a supplementary dose of progesterone at sponge withdrawal resulted in a rapid
      increase in plasma progesterone concentrations followed by an equally rapid
      decrease and an attenuation of the rise in plasma oestradiol-17 beta, the LH
      surge, and the onset of oestrus. The numbers of spermatozoa recovered 4 h after
      insemination were not increased, and PMSG had no significant effect. Two factors
      were significant, namely the dose of progesterone in the sponge (600 mg greater
      than 400 or 200 mg, P less than 0.05) and stage of oestrus when inseminated (mid-
      or late oestrus greater than early). The data demonstrated that an adequate dose
      of progesterone/progestagen incorporated into intravaginal sponges and accurate
      timing of insemination relative to the LH surge are the most important factors
      involved in penetration of the cervix by spermatozoa.

PMID- 3839851
TI  - Adriamycin analogues. rationale, synthesis, and preliminary antitumor evaluation
      of highly active DNA-nonbinding N-(trifluoroacetyl)adriamycin 14-O-hemiester
      derivatives.
AB  - N-(Trifluoroacetyl)adriamycin 14-valerate (AD 32), a novel DNA nonbinding
      analogue of adriamycin with superior experimental antitumor activity, has
      undergone extensive clinical trial, with documentation of antitumor activity and
      low toxicity in human subjects. However, poor water solubility necessitates that
      the drug be administered to patients by continuous intravenous infusion at high
      dilution in a surfactant-containing formulation, with steroid prophylaxis to
      protect against a chest pain syndrome associated with the vehicle. On the basis
      of pharmacologic considerations, the title compounds have been prepared as second
      generation analogues of N-(trifluoroacetyl)adriamycin 14-valerate with improved
      aqueous solubility; use is made of the available carboxylic acid function to
      solubilize the products in dilute aqueous alkaline medium. Target compounds were
      made by treating N-(trifluoroacetyl)-14-halodaunorubicin (bromo or iodo) with
      monosodium salts of dibasic acids (malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic,
      azelaic, sebacic) in aqueous acetone. All of the products showed significant in
      vivo antitumor activity against the murine P388 leukemia (ip tumor, ip treatment
      once daily on days 1, 2, 3, and 4); most compounds were superior to the +181%
      increase in life span afforded by adriamycin (optimal dose 3.0 mg/kg per day),
      one of two drugs used as positive controls for the assays. Several of the test
      compounds showed highly curative activity in this system, similar to N
      (trifluoroacetyl)adriamycin 14-valerate, the other positive control agent. The
      hemiadipate product exhibited the most desirable properties of high antitumor
      efficacy (86% cure rate all P388 tumor-bearing animals through four levels of a
      40-70 mg/kg dose-response range), aqueous solubility (60 mg/mL in pH 7.4
      phosphate buffer), and solution stability (no decomposition at 4 degrees C, 0.5%
      hydrolysis at 27 degrees C, over 24 h at pH 7.4).

PMID- 3839853
TI  - The structure of C-protein and X-protein molecules and a polymer of X-protein.
AB  - C-protein and X-protein are components of the thick filaments in vertebrate
      skeletal muscles and occupy similar locations in different fibre types. We find
      that the molecules are both rods about 30 to 40 A wide, but they differ
      significantly in their lengths, the X-protein molecule being about 350 A long and
      the C-protein molecule about 280 A. This suggests they are not isoforms. The
      short length of the C-protein molecule implies that it cannot act in the thick
      filament as a length-determining agent by a simple vernier mechanism. X-protein
      associates at low ionic strength (KCl concentration less than 0.07 M) but, unlike
      C-protein, forms long ordered polymers. These have been examined by electron
      microscopy to gain information on the molecular shape and on how the molecules
      interact. The polymers are helically twisted ribbons with a repeat distance along
      the axis of 660 A. The cross-section of the ribbon is approximately elliptical
      with major and minor axes of 405 A and 166 A, respectively. From an analysis of
      the micrographs by optical diffraction, we deduce that the molecules run across
      the face of the ribbon at an angle of about 15 degrees to the diameter and lie on
      a two-stranded helix. Models for the polymer are discussed in which the molecules
      are slightly bowed outwards and bind to each other only at their ends. We suggest
      that interactions similar to those in the polymer might occur in the thick
      filaments of muscle, and propose that at each axial position where X-protein
      attaches along the myosin filament, three X-protein molecules might form an
      approximately triangular ring around the filament backbone. The appearance of the
      X-protein polymers is similar to that of the twisted structures called paired
      helical filaments that make up the neurofibrillary tangles associated with
      dementia of the Alzheimer type.

PMID- 3839852
TI  - Local dielectric properties around polar region of lipid bilayer membranes.
AB  - Local dielectric constant was evaluated from the Stokes shifts of fluorescence
      spectra of L-alpha-dansylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPE) incorporated into
      liposomes made of synthetic phosphatidylcholine (dipalmitoyl or distearoyl) or
      bovine brain phosphatidylserine. The evaluation was established as follows.
      First, the Stokes shift of DPE was assured to follow Mataga-Lippert's equation
      and was a function of the dielectric constant and the refractive index in some
      standard organic solvents. Second, the change of the refractive index did not
      contribute much to the change in the Stokes shift. Third, the time resolved
      fluorescence depolarization of DPE in liposomes showed that the cone wobbling
      diffusion was rapid relative to the fluorescence lifetime and therefore that the
      dielectric relaxation did not affect the evaluation of the constant in the polar
      region of membranes. We then investigated the characteristics of the local
      dielectric constant in the polar region of the lipid bilayer and found that the
      dielectric constant varies between 4 and 34 depending upon calcium binding and
      also gel/liquid-crystal phase transition. Such large changes of the local
      dielectric constant were further correlated with the dynamic structure of lipid
      bilayer membranes measured by conventional fluorescence depolarization
      techniques. The large changes of dielectric constant around the polar region
      suggest that electrostatic interactions at this region can be altered 10-fold by
      such ionic or thermotropic factors and therefore that local dielectric properties
      can play crucial roles in membrane functions.

PMID- 3839854
TI  - Characterization of human endogenous retroviral envelope RNA transcripts.
AB  - We characterized the structure of human endogenous retroviral env RNA transcripts
      by Northern blot hybridization and cDNA cloning. Polyadenylated 3.0- and 1.7
      kilobase env RNAs can be identified in placenta, colon carcinoma, and breast
      carcinoma cells. We have obtained partial cDNA clones of both size classes of
      RNAs. Both env RNAs contained putative gp70 coding sequences; the 1.7-kilobase
      species, however, lacked sequences in the 3' env region which could specify a
      p15E analog. Both cDNA clones contained in-frame termination codons; thus,
      neither could encode full-length env proteins.

PMID- 3839855
TI  - Combination of CUSA and neodymium:YAG laser for canine partial nephrectomy.
AB  - A Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA) was used to isolate and
      skeletonize parenchymal renal vessels during 20 partial nephrectomies performed
      on 10 dogs. After isolation of the renal vessels, hemostasis was obtained by
      direct application of neodymium:YAG laser energy. Blood loss and total operative
      time were reduced compared to a control series of partial nephrectomies performed
      with a scalpel. The combination of Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator plus a
      Nd:YAG laser appears to offer advantages compared to either modality used alone
      or to standard techniques for partial nephrectomy.

PMID- 3839856
TI  - Graduate medical education in the United States, 1984-1985.

PMID- 3839857
TI  - Adynamic ileus following induced hypotension.

PMID- 3839858
TI  - Effect of the dietary fatty acid component on the release of 14C-taurocholate,
      14C-bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate transaminase by isolated rat
      liver cells.
AB  - Rats were fed liquid diets for 7 days containing either triolein or Liposyn,
      which is rich in linoleic acid, as fat sources, and liver cell suspensions were
      prepared following collagenase perfusion. The release from isolated cells of
      alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase during a 3-hr incubation did not
      differ. The uptake and release of 14C-taurocholate during a brief incubation was
      lower but not significantly in Liposyn-fed rats (0.1 greater than p greater than
      0.05): the uptake was 9.74 +/- 1.58 vs 16.7 +/- 3.3 nmol/mg protein in triolein
      fed rats; the release was 3.17 +/- 0.65 vs 5.35 +/- 1.01 nmol/mg protein in
      triolein-fed rats. The uptake of 14C-aminolevulinic acid was similar in both
      groups, but release of 14C-bilirubin during a 30-min incubation was 5,420 +/-
      1010 in the Liposyn group vs 12,030 +/- 2,200 dpm/mg protein in the triolein
      group (p = 0.02). It is concluded that a diet high in linoleic acid decreases
      bilirubin release in isolated liver cells consistent with the ability of this
      diet to cause cholestasis in vivo.

PMID- 3839860
TI  - Vasoconstrictor effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on canine coronary artery.
AB  - The effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on the coronary circulation of the closed
      chest dogs (n = 7) was studied. The left circumflex artery was cannulated and
      perfused with arterial blood withdrawn from the femoral artery. The flow was kept
      constant by a roller pump and it was monitored by an electromagnetic flowmeter.
      An increase in the perfusion pressure which was characterized by a slow onset and
      long-lasting effect (more than 10 min) was found in each dog after NPY. There
      were no significant changes in the arterial blood pressure, central venous
      pressure and heart rate. The peak rise was observed at about 1 min; from 108 +/-
      9 mmHg to 144 +/- 13 mmHg (mean +/- SE) (p less than 0.01). This increase in the
      perfusion pressure resulted from vasoconstriction distal to the cannula. When the
      doses of NPY was changed, a dose-response relation was found (n = 4).
      Phentolamine did not inhibit the vasoconstrictor effect of NPY (n = 4). The
      endogeneous substance NPY might be engaged in the regulation of myocardial
      perfusion and can be a candidate responsible for coronary spasm.

PMID- 3839859
TI  - Increased cholesteryl ester content in liver of mice fed lipid emulsion diets
      high in polyunsaturated fats.
AB  - Mice were fed a liquid diet containing different fat sources for 6 days and
      several biochemical parameters in the liver were examined. Mice fed diets
      containing Nutralipid or Liposyn as 45% of total calories had 30.5 +/- 2.5 and
      25.8 +/- 3.7 nmol cholesteryl esters per milligram liver protein, respectively,
      as compared with 13.14 +/- 2.4 for those fed regular mouse food and 13.7 +/- 2.45
      for those fed an emulsion containing mostly triolein as fat source. A similar
      increase in liver cholesteryl esters resulting from estrogen treatment has been
      proposed as the basis for changes resulting in decreased bile flow in the rat. It
      is suggested that the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in nutrient
      emulsions might be responsible for cholestasis sometimes observed in patients
      receiving these preparations. This is further supported by the observation that,
      as in the case of estrogen treatment, the cholesteryl ester level returned to
      normal when mice were treated with the detergent Triton WR-1339.

PMID- 3839861
TI  - [Study on a new cephamycin preparation cefminox in the field of pediatrics].
AB  - Cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) was studied both fundamentally and clinically in the
      field of pediatrics with following results. The MIC of CMNX for Bordetella
      pertussis was 0.10 micrograms/ml in inoculum size 10(6) cells/ml. Following
      administration of 10 and 20 mg/kg of CMNX as drip infusion over 1 hour, the blood
      levels of the drug were 49.0 +/- 18.1 and 69.1 micrograms/ml at completion of
      infusion, 28.8 +/- 7.7 and 61.6 micrograms/ml at 1.5 hours, 23.6 +/- 9.3 and 44.1
      +/- 3.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 1.4 +/- 1.4 and 4.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml at
      7 hours, with T1/2 of 1.03 and 1.41 +/- 0.03 hours, respectively. Within the
      first 7 hours after administration, 61.4 +/- 8.2 and 55.9 +/- 0.8% of the drug
      dosed were excreted at active form in urine. In child with encephalitis, drug
      considered to be good as a cephem antibiotic was achieved in the cerebrospinal
      fluid (the ratio of the level in the cerebrospinal fluid to that in the serum was
      7.3%). In addition, in the pus in empyema also high level was reached (its ratio
      against blood level was 53%). In the treatment of 31 cases of acute infections of
      pediatric field including upper and lower airway infections, empyema, whooping
      cough, acute urinary tract infections and phlegmon, CMNX was administered
      intravenously either as one shot injection as drip infusion. The clinical results
      obtained were rated as good or more in 93% of the cases and as fair or more in
      100% of the cases. The main dosage of CMNX in these cases was about 60 to 70
      mg/kg per day in 2 or 3 divided doses. S. aureus, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, H.
      influenzae and ABPC resistant strain of E. coli demonstrated in various materials
      could be eradicated after intravenous injection of CMNX. CMNX was administrated
      for a period of 2 to 16 days to a total amount of 1.5 to 26.5 g. In none of these
      cases side effects developed nor any abnormality was revealed by hematological
      findings or results of renal or liver function.

PMID- 3839862
TI  - [Laboratory and clinical studies of cefminox in the pediatric field].
AB  - The authors have carried out the pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefminox
      (CMNX, MT-141). The results were as follows: CMNX was given by intravenous drip
      infusion for 1 hour at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. to 2 children. The serum levels of
      CMNX were 103.02 micrograms/ml and 77.73 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after drip
      infusion, and the levels at 7 hours were 4.39 micrograms/ml and 4.19
      micrograms/ml, respectively. The half life times were 1.20 hours and 1.32 hours,
      respectively. CSF concentrations of CMNX at 1 hour after drip infusion of a dose
      of 50 mg/kg in 3 patients with aseptic meningitis were 1.68 micrograms/ml (d.i.
      for 30 minutes), less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml (d.i. for 1 hour) and
      0.51 micrograms/ml (d.i. for 1 hour), respectively. CSF/serum ratios were 1.1%
      and 0.6%. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 10 cases with purulent tonsillitis
      (3 cases), pneumonia (3 cases), pyelonephritis (1 case) and enteritis (3 cases).
      Excellent and good responses were obtained in all cases. Bacteriological response
      in the form of eradication was noted 8 of 9 cases. No side effects were observed.

PMID- 3839864
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies of cefminox in children].
AB  - Cefminox (CMNX, MT-141), a newly developed injectable cephem antibiotic, was
      administered intravenously as one shot injection at 3 different dosages of 10, 20
      and 40 mg/kg to 9 children; for each dose level 3 children were used. In these
      children serum and urinary concentrations as well as recovery rates were
      determined. In addition, in order to determine clinical and bacteriological
      efficacies of CMNX, it was used in the treatment of 37 cases of various
      infections consisting of 2 cases of acute tonsillitis, 1 case of acute
      tonsillitis associated with otitis media, 1 case of acute bronchitis, 1 case of
      chronic bronchitis, 20 cases of pneumonia, 1 case of pneumonia associated with
      otitis media, 8 cases of urinary tract infections, 2 cases of purulent
      lymphadenitis and 1 case of gluteal abscess. The drug was administered
      intravenously as one shot injection at a mean daily dosage of 76.6 mg/kg, in 4
      divided doses in most cases, for a mean period of 6 days. Finally, in 43 cases
      added of 6 drop out cases which were included in analysis of efficacy side
      effects and abnormal laboratory findings were examined. The following results
      were obtained. In 9 cases, which received CMNX at 3 different dosages of 10, 20
      and 40 mg/kg for 3 cases each intravenously as one shot injection, mean serum
      concentrations reached the peaks of 109.4, 218.1 and 357.1 mcg/ml at 5 minutes
      after injection, respectively, showing dose response relation. The mean half
      lives were 1.74, 1.62 and 1.84 hours, respectively. The mean concentrations of
      CMNX in urine in the same cases as used for determinations of serum
      concentrations were highest during the 0 approximately 2 hours period, reaching
      1,582, 3,304 and 4,618 mcg/ml at the respective doses. The mean recoveries within
      the first 6 hours were 82.8, 69.8 and 81.3%, the rate for 20 mg/kg group being
      lower than those obtained for the other groups. This is possibly due to 1 case
      which showed unusually low recovery rate of 44.4%. When this case is excluded,
      the recovery rates became similar for all groups. As to clinical results,
      responses rated as good or higher were obtained for 91.9% of the cases (34
      cases/37 cases), with high efficacy rate. No side effects were seen in 43 cases
      included of drop out cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3839863
TI  - [Clinical studies of cefminox in the pediatric field].
AB  - The in vitro antibacterial activity of cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) was nearly equal
      to that of CTX, LMOX, CMZ and CPZ against the 4 species of clinically isolated
      strains. CMNX was applied to a total of 17 patients including 11 cases of
      bronchitis, 4 cases of pneumonia and 2 cases of urinary tract infection. The
      results showed an efficacy rate of 94% (16/17). In the 4 patients from whom the
      isolation of pathogenic organisms was possible, the bacteriological response to
      CMNX was appreciable the efficacy rate being 80% (4/5). No side effect of the
      drug was observed.

PMID- 3839865
TI  - Primary malignant lymphoma of the appendix.
AB  - A 70-year-old Japanese woman with primary malignant lymphoma in the appendix was
      treated. The diagnosis was established after surgery. Histologically, the tumor
      was malignant lymphoma, lymphocytic, well differentiated, according to the
      Rappaport's classification which is a good prognostic type of extranodal
      malignant lymphoma. The patient was treated by ileocecal resection and without
      radiochemotherapy. The 36-month follow-up revealed neither evidence of recurrence
      nor metastases.

PMID- 3839866
TI  - Effect of active vitamin D3 analogs on the osteoporosis of rats caused by
      ovariectomy.

PMID- 3839867
TI  - Progress in the management of high risk non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 10 years of
      experience of the 3rd Medical Department of Hanusch Hospital, Vienna.
AB  - An analysis of 173 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) admitted to our hospital
      from January 1973 to January 1983 is presented. Of the 173 cases, 124 patients
      suffered from NHL of high grade malignancy according to the Kiel classification
      (37 centroblastic lymphoma (CB), 30 immunoblastic lymphoma (IB), 43 lymphoblastic
      lymphoma (LB), 14 NHL high grade malignancy unclassifiable). In addition, 26
      patients with secondary high grade malignant NHL were included in the analysis
      (14 secondary CB, 10 secondary IB, 2 secondary LB). Also investigated were 23
      patients with anaplastic centrocytic lymphoma (CC) (20 primary CC, 3 secondary
      CC), an entity originally classified as low grade malignant lymphoma, but showing
      a poor outcome and need for aggressive therapy. Symptoms at presentation of all
      patients are described. Of the 173 patients, 71% had an advanced stage of the
      disease at the time of diagnosis (Ann Arbor stage III or IV). B-symptoms were
      observed in 81%. Extranodal involvement, (exceptive bone marrow involvement),
      determined by clinical examination was seen in 55%. Survival of patients changed
      significantly after replacing initial radiotherapy with aggressive chemotherapy
      (P less than 0.001). Improvement of survival statistics was due to the better
      outcome of patients with localized stages (Ann Arbor stages I and II) as compared
      to those with generalized disease (P less than 0.002). Prognostic factors
      influencing survival were elevation of lactic dehydrogenase (P less than 0.0001)
      and response to therapy (P less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3839868
TI  - Computers in paediatrics: 13. Computer programme to calculate heritability and
      its standard error from family or twin studies.

PMID- 3839869
TI  - Computers in paediatrics: 14. Computer programme for genetic counselling using
      matrices.

PMID- 3839870
TI  - Pharmacokinetic calculator program for generation of initial parameter estimates
      from a three-compartment infusion model.
AB  - A polyexponential curve-stripping program, KIN, is described for use on the HP
      41CV programmable calculator. The program may be used in the analysis of plasma
      concentration-time curves for a three-compartment intravenous bolus or infusion
      model with linear elimination processes. The coefficients and hybrid rate
      constants of the exponential function are then used to compute pharmacokinetic
      parameters (volume of the central compartment, intercompartmental rate transfer
      constants), which may be used as initial estimates of model parameters in non
      linear regression curve-fitting procedures.

PMID- 3839871
TI  - DATALIN--an interactive data entry program for use with NONLIN.
AB  - A package of FORTRAN programs for data entry into NONLIN (version II) is
      described which may be used in the analysis of plasma-concentration time curves
      after single or multiple doses for fourteen pharmacokinetic models described in
      terms of the model's microconstants (volume of compartments, rate constants). In
      all cases, infusion rates must be zero-order and absorption rates first-order.
      The program contains an edit subroutine allowing for changes in initial parameter
      estimates and their lower and upper limits, weighting factors, number of
      iterations in the NONLIN analysis, and plot option. Individual X and Y values may
      be changed and listed and X-Y data pairs may be inserted or deleted. Factors
      pertaining to each of the data entries in relation to NONLIN are discussed.

PMID- 3839872
TI  - Use of the Computer Automated Structure Evaluation program in determining
      quantitative structure-activity relationships within hallucinogenic
      phenylalkylamines.
AB  - The Computer Automated Structure Evaluation (CASE) program has been successfully
      used to generate automatically and identify molecular fragments relevant to the
      hallucinogenic activity expressed by some phenylalkylamines. Utilizing these
      major fragments, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) calculations
      were carried out to obtain an equation which was used for predictions of
      potencies. Correlations of these major activating/inactivating fragments with the
      biological activity of the compounds, as well as predictive capabilities of the
      CASE program, are discussed.

PMID- 3839873
TI  - Statistical analysis of temperature-dependent neuronal activity.
AB  - A set of computer programs which collect and analyze data on the temperature
      dependence of neuronal activity is described. Data on the response to thermal
      stimulation of cultured neurons of the rat preoptic area were collected and
      displayed on-line and were stored on disk for off-line analysis. Statistical
      analysis of the data examined two alternate models of thermosensitivity: one that
      the relationship between neuronal activity and temperature was well fit by a
      linear relationship and the other, that it was well fit by semi-log regression.
      For each of the models, a neuron was considered to have temperature-dependent
      activity if two criteria were met: first, that the model was considered adequate
      by a lack-of-fit F-test and second, that the slope of the regression line
      differed from zero using a t-test. A statistical method was also used to test the
      hypothesis that the neuronal response to temperature displays a change point.
      This method did not identify any neurons whose thermal response relationship
      could be better fit by two intersecting regression lines than by one regression
      line.

PMID- 3839874
TI  - Method for the quantitation and characterization of the cholinergic neurotoxin,
      monoethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (AF64A).
AB  - Monoethylcholine aziridinium ion (AF64A), which is generated from the precursor,
      acetylcholine mustard hydrochloride, exerts selective neurotoxic effects against
      brain cholinergic neurons when injected intracerebrally. Conditions associated
      with optimal generation of AF64A were examined. The results indicate that
      hydrolysis and cyclization of the precursor are optimal at 25 degrees C with the
      former occurring at pH 9.0 and the latter at pH 7.3. The aziridinium ion is best
      stabilized at pH 7.3 at 4 degrees C.

PMID- 3839875
TI  - [MOPP therapy of Hodgkin's disease previously treated with MOPP].

PMID- 3839876
TI  - [Loss in follow-up at a center for sexually transmitted diseases].

PMID- 3839877
TI  - The method and management of thyroid surgery in the pediatric patient.
AB  - Thyroid surgery in the pediatric age patient accounts for a small minority of all
      thyroid surgery. Batsakis and Nishiyama reported only 136 patients under the age
      of 18 who underwent thyroid surgery in 27 years at the University of Michigan. In
      most series involving the pediatric age group, the majority of thyroid procedures
      are performed on adolescents. Thyroid surgery in the young child requires special
      precautions in addition to those routinely associated with thyroidectomy in the
      adult. The techniques and perioperative management of the pediatric thyroidectomy
      employed at our institution has evolved as experience is gained. Our experience
      with five such patients with adequate follow-up will be presented.

PMID- 3839878
TI  - Revision stapes surgery: problems with some solutions.
AB  - A review of 217 consecutive revision stapes operations performed during a ten
      year period revealed that the surgeon encounters more pathological variables than
      he does during primary operations. Hence, the technical solutions are less
      stereotyped and the net results less predictable. Prosthesis displacement, with
      or without incus tip erosion, was the most common primary cause of failure (82%).
      However, oval window problems such as footplate refixation, perilymph fistula,
      otosclerotic regrowth, and lateralized oval window membrane in 60% of cases often
      complicated prosthesis displacement. First revision operations in 174 cases
      resulted in postoperative bone-air deficit of 10 dB or less in 65% of cases, much
      better than the 45% for second revision results, and the 25% for third revisions.
      These statistics provide our practice with a realistic prognosis when discussing
      revision stapes surgery with the individual surgical candidate.

PMID- 3839879
TI  - The use of the Nd-YAG laser in neurosurgery.
AB  - Whereas the focused CO2 laser may be used as a cutting instrument in less
      vascularized tissue with limited trauma to the surrounding tissue, use of the
      defocused Nd-YAG laser results in homogeneous coagulation with an energy
      dependent depth effect. Thus, residual tumor tissue may be cauterized selectively
      with a depth effect which can be predicted with satisfactory precision. Tumor
      shrinkage and demarcation based on different absorption properties facilitates
      dissection and, moreover, allows the preservation of healthy tissue. The
      excellent coagulating properties of the Nd-YAG laser render it especially
      effective in cases of highly vascularized meningeal tumors.

PMID- 3839880
TI  - Corneal incisions produced with the fourth harmonic (266 nm) of the YAG laser.
AB  - The fourth harmonic wavelength (266 nm) of a neodymium YAG laser was used to cut
      precise grooves on the surface of the human cornea. Well-controlled cuts were
      made using the laser operating at 1.3 kHz. The width of the grooves was 2-3
      micron. The depth could be controlled by varying the amount of laser exposure.

PMID- 3839881
TI  - Retinal effects of the frequency-doubled (532 nm) YAG laser: histopathological
      comparison with argon laser.
AB  - Retinal lesions produced in Dutch Cross rabbits with a frequency-doubled (532 nm)
      YAG laser in single pulse mode (30-100 microJ) and in train of uniform pulses
      (2.6 and 7.5 mJ) underwent histopathological examination by light and electron
      microscopy. The results were compared to argon laser lesions (11 and 15 mJ) in
      the same animals. Low-energy single-pulse YAG lesions produced separation of the
      neural retina from the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), while higher energies
      caused severe disruption of retinal structures with moderate damage to the RPE. A
      striking and consistent finding of all the single-pulse lesions was the presence
      of red blood cells between the RPE and neural layers. The findings appear to
      support a process of mechanical disruption. In contrast, the lesions produced by
      a uniform train of pulses showed well-defined damage to RPE and photoreceptors
      with no red blood cells between these two layers, no choroidal damage, and
      relatively little disruption of the inner retina. The typical argon lesion
      evidenced cellular damage from the RPE through all retinal layers. Leukocytes in
      the choroid contained "holes" or vacuoles not seen in YAG lesions. Both the
      uniformly pulsed YAG laser burst and argon laser produced effects consistent with
      a thermal process. Some differences between argon and YAG burst were observed.
      The results suggest that there may be a clinical potential for the 532-nm burst
      YAG in treating retinopathies.

PMID- 3839882
TI  - Preliminary study of the Nd:YAG laser in canine partial nephrectomy.
AB  - Partial nephrectomy is effective in the treatment of segmental renal disease but
      hemostasis remains a challenge. In this preliminary investigation the Nd:YAG
      laser was used alone or as an adjunct to the scalpel in partial nephrectomies to
      determine if hemostasis could be improved. A technique of 100-W laser transection
      with occlusion of the renal artery was effective for partial nephrectomy and
      achieved complete hemostasis. Conditions of patent renal artery flow or renal
      cooling were associated with a reduction in necrosis depth with 100-W laser
      partial nephrectomies. All techniques were compatible with survival over the 5
      day study period.

PMID- 3839883
TI  - Computer analysis of laser dosimetry data: a method of accurate energy density
      delivery.
AB  - In the past, utilization of the laser in medicine has been limited by the lack of
      accurate quantification of the energies delivered to the tissue. Data obtained in
      the course of this investigation have demonstrated the relationships which exist
      between the energy delivered to the tissue and the optical system composed of the
      fiber and focusing lens. A continuous-wave multimode Nd:YAG laser (1,064 nm) was
      used in these experiments. Utilizing the beam scan technique previously
      described, we recorded over 100 beam profiles at various distances from the
      handpiece (fiber optic and lens). Computer analysis of our data established the
      mathematical correlation between the surface area of the irradiated spot and the
      distance of the handpiece to the target, thus allowing us to predict the surface
      area of the irradiated spot to any desired distance. By duplicating our methods
      with his particular optical system, the clinician or any laser user has the
      capacity to determine the energy delivered to the tissue (J/cm2) by knowing the
      power of the laser (watts), the time of exposure (seconds), and the distance of
      the handpiece to the treatment site (centimeters).

PMID- 3839884
TI  - Adroxazine, a hormone of the adrenals that stimulates the rate of replication of
      bone marrow stem cells.
AB  - Treatment of normal animals with the thymothyroid hormone, leucogenenol,
      increases the rate at which appropriate committed precursor cells of the bone
      marrow develop sequentially into their corresponding functional cells:
      neutrophils, lymphocytes and red blood cells. Hence following treatment with
      leucogenenol, at a time that is dependent on the quantity of leucogenenol
      injected, there is a temporary increase in the bone marrow of the relative
      concentrations of early forms of committed cells such as myeloblasts. However,
      following treatment of bilaterally adrenalectomized rats with leucogenenol the
      early forms of committed cells in the bone marrow, such as myeloblasts, instead
      of showing a temporary relative increase show a temporary significant decrease in
      concentration. A new compound, adroxazine, C34H65NO2, was isolated from the
      methanol extract of bovine adrenal tissue. This compound, on injection into
      bilaterally adrenalectomized rats, causes leucogenenol to have the same effect on
      the development of their bone marrow cells as it does in normal rats. Adroxazine
      is present in the cortex of the adrenals and in blood serum. It is suggested that
      the population of primitive replicating cells is controlled by the concentration
      of adroxazine in the serum.

PMID- 3839885
TI  - CSF distribution of morphine, methadone and sucrose after intrathecal injection.
AB  - The lumbar to cisternal CSF distribution of morphine and methadone were compared
      to C-14 sucrose, a standard marker of CSF bulk flow, after lumbar subarachnoid
      injections in a sheep preparation. Morphine appeared and peaked simultaneously
      with C-14 sucrose in cisternal CSF at 90 to 190 minutes. The mean peak cisternal
      CSF morphine concentrations were sustained for 30-40 minutes, and averaged 148
      ng/ml, representing 0.3% of the administered dose. Methadone was not detectable
      in cisternal CSF up to 240-300 minutes after lumbar subarachnoid administration.
      The C-14 sucrose/morphine ratio was increased an average of 6.7 times in
      cisternal CSF as compared to the ratio of the two compounds injected into the
      lumbar subarachnoid space. These studies demonstrate that morphine, a hydrophilic
      opioid, given intrathecally moves rostrally and appears in cisternal CSF by bulk
      flow. Furthermore the rostral redistribution of morphine is associated with the
      clearance of morphine from CSF. Methadone, a lipophilic opioid, appears to be
      completely cleared from CSF before it reaches the cisterna magna. These
      pharmacokinetic studies support a contribution of supraspinal sites to the
      analgesic and adverse effects produced by morphine given by spinal routes of
      administration. In contrast methadone appears to exert its effects predominantly
      at spinal sites.

PMID- 3839886
TI  - Hyperalgesia induced by altered glycinergic activity at the spinal cord.
AB  - Glycine or its receptor antagonist, strychnine, were administered perispinally to
      investigate their effect on nociceptive responses elicited by activation of
      various cutaneous receptors. Strychnine produced dose-dependent sensory and motor
      disturbances; 1 and 5 micrograms doses were sub-convulsive, eliciting recurrent
      episodes of coordinated grooming, scratching and biting at the skin, which
      persisted for approximately 10 minutes post-injection; higher doses (25 and 100
      micrograms) increased the intensity and duration of these effects, and produced
      convulsive motor seizures. Motor disturbances were not elicited by glycine (5,
      25, 100 and 400 micrograms). Strychnine treated rats, at all doses, vocalized
      consistently in response to light cutaneous stimulation; a significant proportion
      of glycine treated rats also vocalized, but were not as sensitive to mild
      stimulation. Skin hyperalgesia persisted for at least 30 minutes in both
      strychnine and glycine treated rats. Both strychnine and glycine significantly
      reduced vocalization thresholds to tail shock. However, no clear effect on tail
      flick latency was observed following either strychnine or glycine. These results
      indicate that glycinergic neurons contribute to the tonic regulation of
      nociceptive input at the spinal cord.

PMID- 3839887
TI  - Heated fat, vitamin E and vascular eicosanoids.
AB  - A semisynthetic diet containing adequate amounts of vitamin E and 10% (w/w) of a
      mixture of polyunsaturated oils subjected to heating and characterized by
      elevated indexes of thermal alteration (polar component, dimer triglyceride,
      altered triglyceride contents and reduced alpha-tocopherol levels) was fed to
      growing male rats for a period of eight weeks. It resulted in a selective
      alteration of the production of vascular eicosanoids (elevation of platelet
      thromboxane formation and decrease of vascular prostacyclin release) compared to
      the values found in rats fed a diet containing a fresh mixture of polyunsaturated
      oils. Major nutritional parameters, plasma lipids and the fatty acid profiles of
      plasma, liver and heart lipids were not different in the two groups of animals.
      Supplementation of an excess vitamin E (300 mg/kg) to the diet containing heated
      fat neutralized the adverse effects of heated fat on vascular eicosanoid
      production.

PMID- 3839888
TI  - [Fibroscopy in assessing the effectiveness of radiation therapy in cancer of the
      upper respiratory tracts and in lymphosarcoma of the tonsillar ring].
AB  - Proceeding from 2626 fibroscopic examinations of the upper respiratory tract
      during radiotherapy of 492 cancer patients, the most appropriate time of control
      endoscopic examinations have been defined, endoscopic criteria for the evaluation
      of the efficacy of therapy of primary tumors of different parts of the upper
      respiratory tract have been determined. The evaluation of the efficacy of therapy
      by the common otorhinolaryngological method was compared with that of the
      fibroscopic method of examination. The efficacy of radiotherapy by changing
      endoscopic pictures is most vividly expressed in laryngeal cancer after
      delivering the dose of 30-40 Gy (49-66 units of TDF), in laryngeal and
      nasopharyngeal cancer 50 Gy (82 units of TDF) and in lymphosarcoma of the throat
      ring 20 Gy (33 units of TDF). In the use of the speculum and fibroscopic methods
      difficulties in the organ inspection and differentiation of changes were noted in
      31.7 and 16.1% of the cases including 64.3 and 11.9% in laryngopharyngeal cancer
      and 80.9 and 1.8% in nasopharyngeal cancer. Tumor regression in concomitant
      involvement of the tonsils by lymphosarcoma develops not uniformly. A positive
      time course is first of all noted in lymphadenoid masses: in the palatine and
      lingual tonsils and then in the pharyngeal, tubal and laryngeal tonsils. Complete
      tumor regression after irradiation at a dose of 20 Gy (33 units of TDF) is noted
      in 50% of lymphosarcoma patients. In 13.2% of cases doses of 50 Gy (82 units of
      TDF) and 60 Gy (99 units of TDF) are required for complete regression of
      lymphosarcoma of the throat ring.

PMID- 3839889
TI  - [Improvement in a classification information-retrieval language on the topic of
      medical roentgenology and radiology].

PMID- 3839890
TI  - Knee joint in soccer players: osteoarthritis and axis deviation.
AB  - The knee joints of 81 veteran soccer players between ages 40 and 74 were
      examined. An analysis of and relationships between soccer practice at a top
      level, osteoarthritis, meniscectomy, and leg axes were evaluated. One-hundred and
      sixty-two knees were assessed through clinical examination and X-ray examination
      using a large table in order to observe the entire lower extremity's axis in
      weight bearing. First, it appears that radiological signs of osteoarthritis in
      soccer players increase with age in a much greater percentage than in a random
      population of the same age. Second, all players who have had a meniscectomy
      presented with radiological signs of osteoarthritis. In this series, 91 knees
      (56%) had X-ray signs of osteoarthritis. 64 knees (70%) in which the
      roentgenograms showed significant osteoarthritic changes were clinically
      asymptomatic. Third, the lower extremities displayed a varus angulation of both
      knees in 73% (meaning that 59 veteran players have a varus of both legs), while
      81% of all the knees showed a varus deviation.

PMID- 3839892
TI  - A possible cause of arteriosclerosis.
AB  - A new etiology of arteriosclerosis is proposed. This theory has emerged from the
      inability of current theories to account for the spontaneously occurring disease
      and from numerous factual anomalies uncovered by recent research. It is suggested
      that arteriosclerosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by an infestation of
      blue-green algae, and that the natural history, histopathologic changes, and many
      apparently contradictory facts associated with arteriosclerosis are explained by
      such an etiologic agent. If correct, a radical shift in our understanding of the
      disease is required. Certain observations and forecasts are made based upon this
      infection theory.

PMID- 3839891
TI  - Dialysis osteodystrophy. A study involving 94 patients.
AB  - Dynamic skeletal histomorphometry was performed in 94 unselected patients
      receiving maintenance dialysis for chronic renal failure. An attempt was made to
      correlate the results with the clinical, biochemical and radiological findings.
      Skeletal histology was abnormal in each case. Hyperparathyroidism was present as
      the only abnormality in 18 patients and osteomalacia in 26; 50 patients showed
      both abnormalities. Osteomalacia, in contrast to hyperparathyroidism, increased
      in prevalence and severity with the duration of dialysis and with bone aluminum
      content. The majority of patients had histological osteosclerosis. It was
      impossible to predict either the nature or the severity of the histological
      lesions on the basis of symptoms and physical signs or on the basis of most
      biochemical parameters (including serum concentrations of three vitamin D
      metabolites). Serum alkaline phosphatase values and serum immunoreactive
      parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentrations were positively correlated with the
      severity of histological hyperparathyroidism. Subperiosteal erosions of the
      phalanges were associated with severe histological hyperparathyroidism in each
      case but this radiological sign was absent in 66% of patients with histological
      hyperparathyroidism. Radiological osteosclerosis was associated with severe
      histological osteomalacia in each case, but this radiological sign was absent in
      87% of patients with histological osteomalacia. No other radiological sign proved
      a reliable guide to the underlying skeletal histology. In the majority of
      dialysis patients, a skeletal biopsy is required for an accurate diagnosis of the
      nature and severity of azotemic osteodystrophy.

PMID- 3839893
TI  - Artificial sapphire probe for contact photocoagulation and tissue vaporization
      with the Nd:YAG laser.
AB  - A contact artificial sapphire, developed for use with the Nd:YAG laser, allows
      the performance of open surgery (laser probe) and has endoscopic applications for
      the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding (micro laser tip) and tumors (micro
      laser rod). Advantages of this contact irradiation include precision of surgical
      technique, minimal tissue damage, and excellent hemostatic and cutting
      capabilities, with low backscattering of laser energy.

PMID- 3839894
TI  - [Effect of the conditions for maintaining mollusks--intermediate hosts of the
      intestinal schistosome--on their productivity].

PMID- 3839895
TI  - Analytic evaluation of depths of dose calculation points for external beam
      radiation therapy treatment planning.
AB  - A method has been developed to calculate the depth of a point in a patient
      contour analytically. In this method, the patient contour is approximated by a
      Fourier series comprising 5-10 terms. The depth of a calculation point is the
      distance between the calculation point and the intersection of the ray line with
      the contour line. Depth calculations using this method are compared with
      calculations using a more conventional method in which the intersection is found
      by representing the contour as a set of straight-line segments between pairs of
      contour points. This method gives depth values comparable in accuracy to the more
      conventional method and computed approximately twice as fast.

PMID- 3839897
TI  - Uptake of the glutathione conjugate S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione by renal
      basal-lateral membrane vesicles and isolated kidney cells.
AB  - Transport of the glutathione S-conjugate, S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione
      (DCVG), was studied in renal basal-lateral membrane vesicles and isolated rat
      kidney cells. The time course of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione uptake in
      membrane vesicles exhibited an overshoot in the presence of sodium, indicating
      transport against a concentration gradient. The initial rate of uptake with
      membrane potential clamped at 0 mV was stimulated 2.5-fold by an inwardly
      directed gradient of 100 mM sodium chloride. Hyperpolarization of the membrane
      potential to -60 mV in the presence of sodium stimulated uptake another 2.7-fold,
      indicating that cotransport of sodium and S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione is
      electrogenic. Sodium-dependent DCVG uptake was inhibited by glutathione,
      glutathione disulfide, and gamma-glutamylglutamate, but not by the corresponding
      cysteine S-conjugate, S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine, indicating that the
      transport system is specific for the gamma-glutamyl moiety. Probenecid was also a
      potent inhibitor of sodium-dependent uptake. S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione
      inhibited sodium-dependent uptake of glutathione in a concentration-dependent
      manner. Thus, these results show that uptake of DCVG and glutathione is mediated
      by the same sodium-coupled system. Uptake of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione was
      also demonstrated in isolated kidney cells; in the presence of sodium, cells
      accumulated approximately 4-fold more DCVG than in the absence of sodium. This
      basal-lateral membrane transport system can enable efficient delivery of
      circulating S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione to kidney cells and may, therefore,
      contribute to its potent and selective nephrotoxicity. In addition, it suggests
      that renal clearance of glutathione conjugates may include transport from the
      blood through epithelial cells into the lumen as well as direct filtration
      through the glomerulus.

PMID- 3839896
TI  - The design and use of a charting system for automatic record keeping during
      extracorporeal circulation.
AB  - A system is described which automatically and on a real-time basis collects
      physiological data from a patient during the course of cardio-pulmonary bypass.
      The data are immediately plotted using a multi-color plotter. The system replaces
      hand-drafted record-keeping, produces a more concise record and allows the
      perfusionist to attend to more urgent matters.

PMID- 3839898
TI  - [HMG protein levels in cell nuclei with different proliferative and transcription
      activities].
AB  - It is shown that HMG1 and HMG2 proteins are present in the nuclei of the both
      actively proliferating and resting lymphocytes in the equally high amount. On the
      other hand, the same proteins are almost or even completely absent from the
      nuclei of all kinds of hepatocytes studied: nonproliferating hepatocytes from
      calf and rat liver and actively proliferating cells from rat regenerating liver
      and primary hepatoma. These results reveal a tissue specific distribution of HMG1
      and HMG2 proteins and do not confirm the suggestions that HMG1 and HMG2 proteins
      are necessarily involved in chromatin replication or transcription. In contrast,
      HMG14 and HMG17 proteins have not shown the tissue specificity in our
      experiments. Besides, the content of these two proteins does not depend on the
      actual transcriptional activity of the tissues. These results confirm the
      suggestion that HMG14 and HMG17 proteins are present not only in the genes that
      are actually being transcribed, but in a broader set of genes.

PMID- 3839900
TI  - Induced reversion of a Chinese hamster ovary triple auxotroph. Validation of the
      system with several mutagens.
AB  - A Chinese hamster ovary triple auxotroph (CHO AUXB1) requires glycine, adenosine,
      and thymidine (GAT) for growth and survival due to a defect in the structural
      gene for folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS). This auxotroph and others like it
      contain less than 3% of the parental amounts of FPGS activity. In order to
      develop a reverse mutation assay with CHO AUXB1, we determined the optimal
      conditions for measuring reversion and characterized some of the revertants. We
      also obtained quantitative mutagenicity data for several direct-acting mutagens
      for comparison to the parental CHO-S/HGPRT locus. Induced revertants appear in
      the culture immediately following 20-22 h exposures in +GAT complete medium,
      indicative of dominant genetic changes. They are maximally expressed after 2
      population doublings and can be conveniently selected after 44-48 h of expression
      growth by plating 1 X 10(6) cells/100-mm dish into -GAT-deficient medium and
      incubating 12-13 days. Plating reconstruction experiments show that the cloning
      efficiencies of revertants in -GAT medium are not influenced by the presence of
      up to 1 X 10(6) CHO AUXB1 cells. Dose-dependent increases above the spontaneous
      revertant frequency (average = 5 X 10(7)) are induced with cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 (14
      fold) (but not trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2), PtCl4(10-fold), Pt(SO4)2 (14-fold), K2CrO4 (8
      fold), EMS (10-fold), 4-NQO (53-fold), ICR-191 (60-fold), and ICR-170 (30-fold).
      All of the revertants that have been isolated are stable to repeated subculturing
      in -GAT medium; 40 out of 42 that have been analyzed are characterized by an
      increased 72-h growth incorporation of labeled folate and their extracts contain
      5-94% as much FPGS as the original, parental CHO-S line. Spontaneous and induced
      reversion to the GAT+ phenotype primarily reflects mutations involving the FPGS
      gene locus. But the re-acquisition by most of the revertants of much less than
      normal amounts of FPGS activity suggests that they arise from compensatory second
      site mutations within this gene. Comparison of the mutagenicity patterns of the
      foregoing compounds as a function of the applied concentration and the relative
      percent survival reveals some interesting similarities, as well as differences,
      between the CHO AUXB1/FPGS and CHO-S/HGPRT loci. In particular, the FPGS locus is
      rather insensitive to EMS (or other simple alkylating agents). However, it seems
      to be quite susceptible to reversion by other chemicals that are known to react
      selectively with guanine bases in DNA. CHO AUXBI is a useful supplemental
      mammalian assay system for assessing quantitatively the generally weak mutagenic
      activities of metal compounds.

PMID- 3839899
TI  - The effect of vitamin C on oxygen radical-induced sister-chromatid exchanges.
AB  - We studied the effects of vitamin C (sodium ascorbate) on the genotoxicity of
      oxygen radicals to tissue culture cells. Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO cells),
      when exposed to an enzymatic oxygen radical generating system (xanthine oxidase
      plus hypoxanthine), develop increased numbers of sister-chromatid exchanges
      (SCEs). Inclusion of ascorbate in these incubations resulted in significant, but
      variable effects. In some cases, ascorbate (less than 0.1 mM) was protective and
      fewer SCEs were produced. In others, significant augmentation of oxygen radical
      induced SCEs occurred. These experiments illustrate the complexity of the
      interactions of ascorbate in biologic systems and the difficulty of predicting a
      desirable or harmful effect.

PMID- 3839901
TI  - Increased plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in infants with hypercalcemia and elfin
      facies.

PMID- 3839902
TI  - Academics barred from P4 lab.

PMID- 3839903
TI  - Regressive events in the postnatal development of association projections in the
      visual cortex.
AB  - In newborn kittens, neurones in area 17 of the visual cortex projecting to area
      18 are distributed in bands of uniform density across the superficial layers
      (laminae II, III and the upper part of IV) and the deep layers (V and VI). During
      weeks 2 and 3 postnatal, the cells of origin of this association pathway become
      mainly restricted to discrete, dense clusters, approximately 600 microns from
      centre to centre, in the upper layers, with intervening zones free of association
      cells, as in the adult cat. We have used retrogradely transported, long-lasting
      neuronal markers to investigate this developmental refinement of the pattern of
      cortico-cortical connections. The results, reported here, indicate that axonal
      retraction plays a significant part in the maturation of the clustered
      organization of superficial layer neurones projecting to area 18, but that cell
      death may also be a factor in the elimination of the inappropriate projection
      from the deep laminae.

PMID- 3839904
TI  - Diversity and structure of genes of the alpha family of mouse T-cell antigen
      receptor.
AB  - We have analysed 19 complementary DNA clones encoding the alpha-chain of the T
      cell antigen receptor derived from thymic transcripts, and find that 15 of them
      contain partial or complete variable (V alpha) genes. Seven of these genes cross
      hybridize to over 40 germline V alpha gene segments in Southern blot analyses. Of
      the 19 joining (J alpha) sequences examined, 18 seem to be encoded by distinct
      gene segments, hence the repertoire of J alpha gene segments is much larger than
      those of the immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor beta-chain gene families. We
      suggest that the variable domains of immunoglobulins and T-cell antigen receptors
      are similar in structure.

PMID- 3839905
TI  - Concentration of acetylcholine receptor mRNA in synaptic regions of adult muscle
      fibres.
AB  - Acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) are highly concentrated in the small fraction
      (approximately 0.1%) of the skeletal muscle fibre surface that comprises the
      postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction (Fig. 1a). In adult murine
      muscle, for example, AChRs are packed at a density of over 15,000 per micron2 in
      postsynaptic membrane, whereas their density is less than 30 per micron2 in
      extrasynaptic membrane. Because synaptic AChRs turn over they must be replaced,
      and it is interesting to consider where the new AChRs that maintain synaptic
      aggregates are synthesized. One possibility is that AChRs are synthesized
      uniformly along the length of the multinucleated muscle fibre; in this case,
      AChRs might be redistributed to or selectively stabilized at the synapse, as
      probably occurs during synapse formation. Alternatively, AChRs might be
      preferentially synthesized near synapses, a possibility that would suggest that
      innervation can influence not only where AChRs are inserted or accumulate but
      also where they are synthesized. In support of this second possibility, we report
      here that AChR messenger RNA is more abundant near to than far from synapses in
      adult muscle fibres.

PMID- 3839906
TI  - Heterogeneity of membrane phospholipid mobility in endothelial cells depends on
      cell substrate.
AB  - Cellular growth control and differentiation have been shown to be dependent on
      both cell-cell and cell-substrate contacts. Interactions of cells with
      extracellular material are critical events during embryonic development and
      maintenance of tissue function. Plasma membrane receptors have been described for
      components of the extracellular matrix such as fibronectin, laminin and various
      collagen types. Transmembrane signalling has been shown to be influenced by the
      lateral mobilities of the plasma membrane constituents. The interaction of cells
      with their extracellular matrix could thus have a significant effect on the
      mobility properties of the plasma membrane components. Here we have studied the
      dynamic properties of fluorescent membrane phospholipids in bovine endothelial
      cells using fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching measurements. At this
      molecular level we find that the phospholipid lateral diffusion coefficient is
      dependent on the substrate upon which cells are allowed to adhere (collagen,
      fibronectin or a natural basement membrane) and on the topography of the cell
      (basal versus apical plasma membrane).

PMID- 3839907
TI  - Chromosomal localization of a unique gene by non-autoradiographic in situ
      hybridization.
AB  - During the past few years, several methods have been developed for the detection
      of specific nucleic acid sequences by in situ hybridization using non-radioactive
      labels such as fluorochromes, cytochemically detectable enzymes and electron
      dense markers. These methods are preferable to autoradiography in terms of speed
      of performance and topological resolution. Their limited sensitivity, however,
      has so far restricted their use to the detection of repeated sequences. Here we
      report single gene detection with a procedure using 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)
      modified probes, immunoperoxidase cytochemistry and reflection-contrast
      microscopy. We confirmed the autoradiographic data on the localization of the
      human thyroglobulin (Tg) gene to the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 8.
      A mixture of cosmid cHT2-derived subclones of the 3' part of the Tg gene, 22.3
      kilobase pairs (kbp) in total, was used as a hybridization probe. This procedure
      can be used to map other unique sequences, if genomic clones are available from
      which clones with an appropriate amount of inserts can be isolated.

PMID- 3839909
TI  - Sexual orientation and sexually transmitted disease.

PMID- 3839910
TI  - Treatment of cerebrospinal fluid and syringosubarachnoid shunt infection with
      systemic and intrathecal antibiotics.
AB  - We present a case of a patient with two preexisting Silastic syringosubarachnoid
      shunt catheters who developed Enterobacter meningitis. The infection was treated
      successfully with systemic and intrathecal antibiotics without removal of the
      catheters. With careful sequential clinical and laboratory monitoring, even this
      type of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection can be eradicated without catheter
      removal and replacement.

PMID- 3839911
TI  - Effect of simultaneously ingested milk on phenytoin bioavailability.
AB  - Adverse gastrointestinal symptoms from milk may reduce the bioavailability of
      phenytoin. In a prospective crossover study, we studied the effect of
      simultaneous ingestion of phenytoin and milk in 12 patients with partial epilepsy
      and no adverse gastrointestinal symptoms. Serum phenytoin levels were measured at
      the start of the study and after 2 weeks. Patients then switched regimens, and a
      third phenytoin level was determined 2 weeks later. Serum phenytoin levels were
      similar for patients taking phenytoin with either milk or water.

PMID- 3839908
TI  - Characterization of 64-, 123- and 182-base-pair exons in the mouse alpha 2(IV)
      collagen gene.
AB  - Genes encoding types I, II and III collagens (fibrillar collagens) contain many
      discrete-size exons, most of them 54 base pairs (bp) long, in addition to the 45
      , 99-, 108- and 162-bp exons. It has been suggested that these collagen genes
      evolved from an ancestral coding unit of 54 bp. Type IV collagen is a specific
      component of basement membranes and contains two genetically distinct
      polypeptides, the alpha 1(IV) and alpha 2(IV) chains. It differs from the types I
      III collagens in that it contains interruptions in the Gly-X-Y repeat sequence
      and does not form ordered fibrillar structures. We have isolated complementary
      DNA and genomic clones for the mouse alpha 2(IV) collagen chain and here
      characterize 64-, 123- and 182-bp exons in the Gly-X-Y coding domain of the gene.
      The data suggest that the alpha 2(IV) collagen gene may have evolved differently
      from those encoding the fibrillar collagens.

PMID- 3839912
TI  - [A computerized point system in the prognostic study of critical surgical
      patients].

PMID- 3839913
TI  - [Anti-ulcer therapy in early gastric cancer].

PMID- 3839914
TI  - [Proposal of a software program as a model of fetal medicine of the preventive
      type].

PMID- 3839915
TI  - [Radiotherapy of carcinoma of the breast].

PMID- 3839916
TI  - [Radio-chemotherapy integration].

PMID- 3839917
TI  - Neuropeptide Y innervation of the rodent pineal gland and cerebral blood vessels.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactivity has been shown to be present in sympathetic
      nerve fibres in the rat pineal gland and a dense network of NPY-containing nerve
      fibres demonstrated to innervate the rat circle of Willis. The NPY content of the
      major rabbit intracranial arteries was determined by radioimmunoassay and maximal
      levels found in the anterior cerebral arteries. After bilateral superior cervical
      ganglion (SCG) removal, no NPY was detectable in the rat pineal gland; however,
      significant NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibres remained throughout the rat
      vertebrobasilar arteries, and 47% of the assayable NPY was still present. Neither
      intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) nor the combination of 6-OHDA
      treatment and SCG removal resulted in any further loss of NPY. In conclusion, the
      NPY innervation of the pineal gland originates exclusively from the peripheral
      sympathetic nervous system. In contrast the caudal portion of the rat circle of
      Willis contains NPY fibres which are resistant to sympathectomy.

PMID- 3839918
TI  - Subcellular distribution of the immunoreactive peptide histidine isoleucine in
      the rat brain and release from synaptosomes in vitro.
AB  - Subcellular fractionation studies of rat brain homogenate revealed that peptide
      histidine isoleucine-like immunoreactivity (PHI-LI) was enriched in synaptosomal
      preparations. PHI-LI was released by high potassium concentrations from
      synaptosomal pellets incubated in vitro. These results suggest a possible
      physiological role of PHI in the central nervous system as a neurotransmitter or
      modulator of synaptic function.

PMID- 3839919
TI  - Retinal complications following YAG laser capsulotomy.
AB  - Eighteen patients (19 eyes) developed retinal complications following YAG laser
      capsulotomy. Complications included one retinal flap tear, two macular holes, six
      eyes with cystoid macular edema, and ten retinal detachments. The retinal
      complications resulted from opening the capsule and were not a specific
      complication of the YAG laser.

PMID- 3839920
TI  - Neodymium Q-switched YAG laser lysis of iris lens synechiae.
AB  - The feasibility of Q-switched Nd: YAG synechiolysis in phakic patients without
      visible damage to the lens has been demonstrated. The value of this procedure in
      the management of glaucoma and its advantages over argon laser photomydriasis is
      discussed.

PMID- 3839922
TI  - The proenkephalin A fragment metorphamide shows supraspinal and spinal opioid
      activity in vivo.
AB  - Metorphamide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Arg-Val-NH2) a novel amidated octapeptide
      fragment of proenkephalin A was synthesized, purified and subsequently shown to
      inhibit the reflex contractions of the rat urinary bladder following
      intracerebroventricular and spinal intrathecal microinjections. The effects of
      metorphamide were consistently antagonized by naloxone but not by the delta
      opioid receptor antagonist ICI 174,864. Comparison of metorphamide with other
      proenkephalin A fragments suggested that the activity of this peptide was not due
      to in vivo processing to other active fragments. These data suggest that
      metorphamide has potent in vivo mu-opioid activity but little delta-opioid
      receptor activity.

PMID- 3839921
TI  - Molecular basis of plant viral virulence; the complete nucleotide sequence of an
      attenuated strain of tobacco mosaic virus.
AB  - The total genome sequence of L11A, an attenuated strain of tobacco mosaic virus
      (TMV), has been determined. This strain is able to multiply in tomato plants
      without inducing any remarkable symptoms, but to protect them from later
      infection with virulent TMV strains. When compared with the recently published
      total genome sequence of TMV L (the virulent ancestral strain of L11A) ten base
      substitutions were found in the L11A genome. Seven of these occurred in the third
      letters of in-phase codons and did not influence amino acids. Only three, which
      were in the common reading frame for both the 130K and 180K proteins, resulted in
      amino acid changes. Together with the result of the partial sequence of RNA of
      L11, an intermediate strain in sequential isolation from L to L11A, it is
      observed that one base at the nucleotide position 1117 is changed from L to L11
      and two bases at the positions 2349 and 2754 are changed from L11 to L A11.

PMID- 3839923
TI  - Risk factor analysis among men referred for possible acquired immune deficiency
      syndrome.
AB  - Responses to a lifestyle questionnaire among 13 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma
      and 18 with an opportunistic infection were compared with those of 29 symptom
      free referred individuals. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence limits were
      calculated as an estimate of risk. Significantly elevated odds ratios (P less
      than 0.05) were found for cigarette smoking (OR = 3.4), marijuana use (OR = 3.7),
      nitrite use (OR = 5.5), frequenting bathhouses (OR = 7.6), prior syphilis (OR =
      3.4), and fist-rectal sexual practices (OR = 3.5). A response gradient for the
      risk estimates was found for marijuana use (OR = 2.7 for occasional, OR = 4.3 for
      frequent use); nitrites (OR = 4.0 for occasional; OR = 6.3 for frequent use); and
      prior syphilis (OR = 2.9 for one to two previous infections and 9.0 for three or
      more). We believe the evidence is now sufficient to recommend preventive
      practices which may reduce the male homosexual's risk for developing acquired
      immune deficiency syndrome, Kaposi's sarcoma, and/or opportunistic infections.
      These include cessation of cigarette smoking, marijuana use, and nitrite
      inhalation; reduction in number of anonymous sexual partners to decrease risk of
      sexually transmitted diseases; and avoidance of fisting.

PMID- 3839924
TI  - Effect of variable glutathione peroxidase activity on H2O2-related cytotoxicity
      in cultured aortic endothelial cells.
AB  - Primary cultures of porcine aortic endothelial cells were used to assess the
      effects of O2 intermediates produced by 10-40 mU/ml xanthine oxidase (XO; +2 mM
      hypoxanthine) or 25-100 mU/ml glucose oxidase (GO; +5 mM glucose). A 60-min
      incubation in the presence of the enzyme systems resulted in a dose-dependent
      toxic effect with evidence of cytolysis (increased LDH release) and cell loss
      (decrease in DNA and protein content), when these indexes were measured 24 hr
      after completion of the enzyme reaction. Decreased [3H]thymidine incorporation
      into DNA was the most sensitive index of cell dysfunction for both enzyme
      systems. The effects of various scavengers and enzymes indicated that H2O2 was
      the main O2 intermediate involved in the cytotoxicity resulting from the XO
      hypoxanthine reaction. Increased glutathione peroxidase activity associated with
      the addition of 2 X 10(-7) M selenomethionine to culture medium had a partial
      protective effect which could be related to an increased rate of H2O2
      degradation. Evidence for increased DNA synthesis after injury was found in cells
      previously exposed to XO-hypoxanthine, the degree of increase in [3H]thymidine
      incorporation being dependent on the intensity of the initial cytotoxicity.
      Cultured endothelial cells provide a useful tool to evaluate the role of O2
      intermediates in endothelial cell injury, to test the effects of protective
      agents, and to study the repair process.

PMID- 3839925
TI  - Isolation and structure determination of daigremontianin, a novel bufadienolide
      from Kalanchoe daigremontiana.

PMID- 3839926
TI  - Contraceptive efficacy and hormonal profile of ferujol: a new coumarin from
      Ferula jaeschkeana.

PMID- 3839927
TI  - Cruciate ligament injury: diagnostic difficulties in the presence of meniscal
      injury.
AB  - During knee arthrography, the appearance of a mass within the intercondylar notch
      on the flexed lateral stress radiograph usually indicates a torn cruciate
      ligament. This mass may also be produced by a torn or peripherally separated
      meniscus, usually the lateral, that displaces during flexion to lie adjacent to
      and to obscure the outline of the cruciates. Recognition of this phenomenon is
      important, both in avoiding the erroneous diagnosis of a cruciate tear and in
      alerting the arthrographer to the possibility of a peripheral meniscal separation
      when the ligaments are obscured by a mass.

PMID- 3839928
TI  - Meniscal tears of the knee: evaluation by high-resolution CT combined with
      arthrography.
AB  - The knees of 27 patients with evidence of meniscal tears were examined with high
      resolution computed tomography (HRCT) immediately following double-contrast
      arthrography. The arthrograms and postarthrogram HRCT scans were compared for
      their display of anatomic and pathologic detail. The anatomy of the semilunar
      cartilage and surrounding structures was more clearly outlined on the HRCT scans.
      The HRCT scans also enabled differentiation of the menisci from the surrounding
      anatomic parts (popliteal tendon sleeve and popliteal cyst) and good
      visualization of the relationship of torn meniscal fragments. Postarthrography
      HRCT should be used as a complement to arthrography. With this additional
      information, arthroscopists can plan the most appropriate surgical treatment.

PMID- 3839929
TI  - Knee arthrography today.
AB  - Three recent studies on intraarticular knee structures are considered-one on an
      advance in conventional knee arthrography and two on use of computed tomography
      in evaluating knee menisci. A resurgence of knee arthrography is predicted.

PMID- 3839930
TI  - Meniscal lesions of the knee joint: CT diagnosis.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) resulted in a diagnostic accuracy of 89.2% and 96.1% for
      medial and lateral meniscal lesions, respectively, in 109 patients who underwent
      surgery after a direct CT study of the knee joint for a clinically suspected
      meniscal lesion. The meniscal lesions were the only pathologic condition found in
      59 patients, while in 35 patients they were associated with various lesions of
      the cruciate ligaments (31 cases) and collateral ligaments (15 cases) and with
      cystic bursitis (6 cases). In the remaining 15 patients, the menisci were normal,
      but in eight of these cases, lesions of other knee joint structures were present.
      If meniscal lesions are clinically suspected, direct CT study of the knee joint
      may be considered the elective radiologic diagnostic method, rather than the more
      invasive arthrography. It may also be helpful in selecting patients for
      diagnostic and therapeutic arthroscopy.

PMID- 3839931
TI  - Perioperative and conventionally timed chemotherapy in operable breast cancer.

PMID- 3839933
TI  - [Selection of transplant recipients using a personal computer].

PMID- 3839932
TI  - Preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (neoadjuvant) for carcinoma of the breast:
      rationale and safety report.

PMID- 3839934
TI  - [Computer management of patients].

PMID- 3839935
TI  - [Computer management in ear surgery].

PMID- 3839936
TI  - Hyperthyroidism in the elderly. I. Clinical manifestations.
AB  - The most frequent clinical manifestations in 100 elderly hyperthyroid patients
      entered in our study were: weight loss (83%), palpitations (85%), nodular goiter
      (71%) and tremor (74%). Association of weight loss with anorexia and constipation
      was found in 6% of the patients. The apathetic form of thyrotoxicosis was present
      in 2% of our patients. Thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation and thyrotoxic heart
      disease were found in 42% and 51% respectively.

PMID- 3839937
TI  - Molecular cloning of complementary DNA for the alpha subunit of the G protein
      that stimulates adenylate cyclase.
AB  - A complementary DNA clone encoding the alpha subunit of the adenylate cyclase
      stimulatory G protein (Gs) was isolated and identified. A bovine brain
      complementary DNA library was screened with an oligonucleotide probe derived from
      amino acid sequence common to known G proteins. The only clone that was obtained
      with this probe has a complementary DNA insert of approximately 1670 base pairs.
      An antibody to a peptide synthesized according to deduced amino acid sequence
      reacts specifically with the alpha subunit of Gs. In addition, RNA that
      hybridizes with probes made from the clone is detected in wild-type S49 cells;
      however, cyc- S49 cells, which are deficient in Gs alpha activity, are devoid of
      this messenger RNA.

PMID- 3839938
TI  - Factors related to infertility in the United States, 1965-1976.
AB  - Although the overall rate of infertility among American women of reproductive age
      remained fairly constant between 1965 and 1976, the percentage of young black
      women who were infertile increased very sharply. In 1976, 18% of black women of
      reproductive age were infertile, whereas only 9% of white women of the same age
      were infertile. With use of national data bases, the relationships between sexual
      activity, complications of pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, pelvic
      inflammatory disease, use of contraception, and infertility were examined.
      Available evidence shows a strong association between sexually transmitted
      diseases, pelvic inflammatory disease, and infertility trends. Our projections
      indicate that sexually transmitted diseases operating through pelvic infections
      account for much of the race differential in infertility as well as for one-half
      to one-third of the increase. In 1976 5-8% of 20-29-year-old black women were
      estimated to suffer infertility attributable to sexually transmitted diseases.
      Among white women the estimated incidence of infertility caused by sexually
      transmitted diseases was 0.7-1%.

PMID- 3839939
TI  - Urban clusters of sexually transmitted diseases in the city of Seville, Spain.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that there is an increased risk for sexually transmitted
      diseases in certain geographic areas, 613 patients diagnosed as having sexually
      transmitted diseases in Seville, Spain, were studied in relation to their
      address. Increased risks of gonorrhea (relative risk, 3.72), syphilis (relative
      risk, 3.32), Chlamydia trachomatis infections (relative risk, 3.41), and the
      three conditions together (relative risk, 3.52) were found in district 1, which
      represents the core of transmission and the central area of old Seville. These
      findings represent the first description of spatial clusters for syphilis and
      Chlamydia trachomatis infections.

PMID- 3839940
TI  - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children. Study of 30 patients at the Caracas
      University Hospital].

PMID- 3839941
TI  - Histologic changes in rat brain tissue caused by neodymium-yttrium aluminum
      garnet laser irradiation. II. Cerebellum.
AB  - Histologic changes after neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet laser irradiation were
      evaluated in the rat cerebellum. Irradiation of 60 W (corresponds to 45.2 W/mm2)
      to the posterior fossa was dangerous even in adult rats, although this value was
      safe for the rat cerebral hemisphere as previously reported. The histologic
      changes caused by neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet laser irradiation were
      similar to those caused by thermal energies. To the adult rat cerebellum, 45 W
      (35.2 W/mm2) can safely be applied. For the further use of the neodymium-yttrium
      aluminum garnet laser in neurosurgery, our findings should be taken into
      consideration.

PMID- 3839942
TI  - Primary immunocytoma of the lung: the diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage.

PMID- 3839943
TI  - Association of factor V activity with membranous vesicles released from human
      platelets: requirement for platelet stimulation.
AB  - The membrane-associated factor V-like activity (platelet factor 1, PF1) and the
      phospholipid-like catalytic surface activity (platelet factor 3, PF3) were
      studied in human platelets from normal and two factor V-deficient donors.
      Collagen stimulation or mechanical disruption of gel-filtered platelets was
      necessary for the expression of significant amounts of PF1 and PF3. Stimulation
      was also necessary for the uptake of factor V or Va by PF1-deficient platelets
      from the factor V-deficient donors. The activity of PF1 was also generated by
      association of factor V or Va with membrane-rich fractions obtained by gel
      filtration of the supernatant from collagen-stimulated or frozen-thawed PF1
      deficient platelets. The amount of PF1 obtained by such all-or-none binding
      experiments was directly proportional to the amount of PF3 already expressed in
      the platelet preparation. These data have been summarized in terms of a
      hypothesis which views PF1 and PF3 to be activities associated with membranous
      vesicles released from platelets only after stimulation.

PMID- 3839945
TI  - Low lead exposure from birth produces behavioral toxicity (DRL) in monkeys.
AB  - Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were dosed from birth with 100, 50, or 0
      micrograms/kg/day of lead. This treatment resulted in blood lead concentrations
      of 25, 15, or 3 micrograms/dl, respectively, before withdrawal of infant formula
      at 200 days of age, and steady-state concentrations of 13, 11, or 3
      micrograms/dl. At approximately 3 years of age, monkeys were tested on an
      intermittent schedule, differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL). This
      schedule required the monkey to withhold responding for a specific time in order
      to be reinforced. The performance of treated monkeys did not improve as rapidly
      as controls as measured by increase in reinforced responses and decrease in
      nonreinforced responses during initial sessions. In addition, treated monkeys
      exhibited greater between session variability during terminal sessions. These
      effects were dose related. The results of the present experiment in conjunction
      with those of previous experiments with this same group of monkeys suggest that
      blood lead concentrations presently found routinely in the human population may
      produce neurotoxicity.

PMID- 3839944
TI  - Expression of coagulant activity in human platelets: release of membranous
      vesicles providing platelet factor 1 and platelet factor 3.
AB  - The relationship between the appearance of membrane-associated factor V-like
      activity (platelet factor 1, PF1) and phospholipid-like catalytic activity
      (platelet factor 3, PF3) has been examined, in vitro, in collagen-stimulated,
      human platelets. Both activities increased 7 fold upon collagen treatment
      relative to stirred controls. After sedimentation of stimulated platelets, 31% of
      total PF1 and 41% of PF3 remained in the supernatant fraction. PF1 eluted from a
      Sepharose CL-4B column in the same void volume fractions as PF3, phospholipid,
      and vesicular particles. These fractions had roughly 100 fold (lipid basis) or
      1000 fold (protein basis) enhanced specific activity when compared to the
      stimulated platelet suspension. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy demonstrated
      that these void volume fractions contain two populations of membranous vesicles
      (80-200 nm and 400-600 nm in diameter). Upon centrifugation of the void volume
      fractions, PF1 and PF3 activities, phosphate-containing material, and ultraviolet
      absorbing material all sedimented at the same rate, indicating that PF1 and PF3
      are activities associated with one or both of the platelet-derived vesicle
      populations. Finally, we examined the effects of inhibitors on the appearance of
      PF1, PF3, platelet factor 4, total intrinsic factor V activity, and serotonin as
      well as on platelet aggregation. These studies suggest that the collagen
      stimulated release of PF1 and PF3 is not coupled to either platelet aggregation
      or PF4 release but is probably a separate phase of the release reaction.

PMID- 3839946
TI  - Identification of urinary metabolites of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in rats by liquid
      chromatography-mass spectometry.
AB  - Metabolites of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) were found in the urine of rats fed
      with TNT. The urine extracts were analysed by liquid chromatography-mass
      spectrometry (LC-MS). Metabolites found included TNT itself as well as 2-amino
      4,6-dinitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene and 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene,
      indicating that reduction processes are responsible for the formation of these
      metabolites.

PMID- 3839947
TI  - [Pregnancy and fetal development after therapy of Hodgkin's disease].
AB  - The post-therapeutic pregnancy data of 122/244 women aged until 40 years who had
      been treated primarily in Freiburg i. Br. for Hodgkin's disease between 1949 and
      1981 were obtained by an inquiry based on questionnaires. All of the 122 patients
      of the questionnaire group were in remission. 39 out of them (32%) became
      pregnant one or more times; 38/94 (40%) of these had been irradiated down to the
      promontory and 1/17 (6%) had been submitted to an irradiation including the
      pelvis with ovariopexy. The resulting 63 post-therapeutic pregnancies leaded to
      41 normal births (65%), three premature infants (5%), two viable children
      suffering from malformations (3%) and five spontaneous abortions (8%). An
      interruption was performed in twelve cases (19%). There were no significant
      divergences from distributions of normal populations with regard to the
      percentages of normal births and negative variants, even under consideration of
      comparable literature reports. Neither in the questionnaire group nor in the
      group of 122 patients whose gynecologic data could only be evaluated by means of
      the medical records available, there was any indication suggesting an increased
      risk of morbidity or mortality.

PMID- 3839948
TI  - CNS reactions at 51 ATA on trimix and heliox and during decompression.
AB  - Two groups of divers (Group A and B) were compressed to 500 msw with trimix (n =
      3) and heliox (n = 3). After 4 d at saturation depth Group A had a gas change to
      heliox. Both groups were followed with repeated neuropsychological and
      neurological tests during compression, at stable intermediate depths and at
      saturation depth. There were marked high pressure nervous syndrome effects during
      compression for both groups. Only tremor was inhibited by the nitrogen. In
      addition Group A was impaired due to nitrogen narcosis. During trimix and heliox
      saturation there was only some recovery in the EEG. Group B had a sustained high
      tremor during the saturation. On visuomotor and cognitive functions Group B
      performed up to predive level on the 3rd d at saturation while Group A was
      heavily impaired during the whole trimix saturation period. Although dizziness
      and tremor were the main symptoms in Group B, Group A reported concentration
      trouble, euphoria, and upset stomach during the saturation phase. Minor changes
      occurred in the EEG during the gas change. There was, however, a marked increase
      in postural tremor and recovery on cognitive tests relating to the elimination of
      the nitrogen. Up to the completion of the gas change no severe symptoms were
      reported. Six hours after the gas change, severe symptoms occurred with visual
      and auditory hallucinations and myoclonic jerks as the dominant characteristics.
      Some symptoms lasted for 12 h. During decompression there was a steady
      normalization in both groups.

PMID- 3839951
TI  - Automation of laboratory instrumentation--recent achievements in the Stefan S.
      Nicolau Institute of Virology.
AB  - An automated system consisting of an SPF-500 spectrofluorometer interfaced to a
      Felix-M18 microcomputer was provided with a series of additional accessories
      benefitting from the inputs and outputs through the interface. An adequate set of
      programs for computer-controlled operations was developed. The system has allowed
      the performance of more than 15,000 absorption, emission and light scattering
      determinations. The role of interfacing to low cost computers in the automation
      of presently available laboratory instrumentation is discussed.

PMID- 3839950
TI  - Thymic lymphosarcoma with bony metaplasia in a cat.

PMID- 3839949
TI  - [Functional recovery after meniscectomy of the knee. A retrospective study].

PMID- 3839952
TI  - Correct sequence for the major nucleocapsid protein mRNA of respiratory syncytial
      virus.
AB  - A nucleotide sequence for the mRNA of the major nucleocapsid (N) protein gene of
      respiratory syncytial virus was reported previously (N. Elango and S. Venkatesen,
      1983, Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 5941-5951). However, we have been unable to confirm
      part of this sequence as N mRNA-specific and suggest that the published sequence
      represents that of an aberrant chimeric transcript. Here we present an
      alternative sequence for the N mRNA and provide data supporting its authenticity.
      The corrected N mRNA sequence contains 1197 rather than 1427 nucleotides
      exclusive of poly(A), and encodes a protein of 391 rather than 467 amino acids.
      The calculated molecular weight for the 391-amino acid protein described by the
      sequence presented here is 42,600, in agreement with the molecular weight of
      42,000 determined for the RS viral N protein by gel electrophoresis. In addition,
      we present sequence data from dicistronic RNAs that span the junction between the
      1B protein and N cistrons, and the junction between the N and phosphoprotein (P)
      cistrons.

PMID- 3839953
TI  - [Use of thymalin in the complex treatment of patients with cancer of the uterus].
AB  - The results of a clinico-immunologic study of thymalin as a component of complex
      antitumor treatment of 21 cases of cancer of corpus uteri pointed to a pronounced
      immunomodulating action of the drug on T-cell-mediated immunity. It was inferred
      that thymalin should be used for immunocorrection in complex treatment for the
      said neoplasms provided T-cell-mediated immunity is monitored.

PMID- 3839954
TI  - Nonoperative management of acute idiopathic colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's
      syndrome).
AB  - In a four-year experience (35 episodes in 27 patients) with the use of medical
      and colonoscopic therapy for acute idiopathic colonic pseudo-obstruction, we have
      found that initial conservative measures followed by flexible colonoscopy in
      nonresponders are effective and safe. Contrary to previous reports, an initial
      nonoperative approach including colonscopy is frequently successful and the
      outcome with this approach is not adversely affected even in the few patients who
      eventually require surgical decompression.

PMID- 3839955
TI  - HLA typing in hashitoxic periodic paralysis.

PMID- 3839956
TI  - The fate of 4-cyano-N,N-dimethylaniline in mice: the occurrence of a novel
      metabolite during N-demethylation of an aromatic amine.
AB  - 4-Cyano-N,N-dimethylaniline (CDA), when administered as a single oral dose to
      mice (18.5 mg/kg), was rapidly absorbed and eliminated. The major route of
      elimination was the urine (78% dose in 24h). The residues in the tissues 48 h
      after dosing, as microgram equiv. of CDA/g, were: liver, 0.19; kidney, 0.10;
      testes, 0.01; fat, 0.10; blood, 0.02. The major metabolite was 2-amino-5
      cyanophenyl sulphate, with the N-methyl analogue as a minor metabolite. A novel
      metabolite, N-acetyl-S-(4-cyanoanilinomethyl)cysteine, was also a significant
      urinary metabolite, indicating that an electrophilic intermediate is generated
      during the N-demethylation of CDA. The implications are that N-demethylation may
      have important toxicological consequences.

PMID- 3839958
TI  - [Biomechanical prerequisites for the leap-off of Senegal galagos].

PMID- 3839957
TI  - 4,5-Dimethylthiazole-N-oxide-S-oxide: a metabolite of chlormethiazole in man.
AB  - The metabolic fate of chlormethiazole in healthy male subjects has been
      investigated following the oral administration of a single dose of
      chlormethiazole edisylate. Five urinary C-oxidation metabolites were identified
      and shown to be identical with previously reported metabolites. A novel
      metabolite, of molecular formula C5H7NO2S, was shown by trimethylsilylation,
      deuterium exchange, reduction studies and by its i.r., n.m.r. and mass spectrum,
      to be 4,5-dimethylthiazole-N-oxide-S-oxide. This is the first reported metabolite
      which involves the oxidation of the two heterocyclic atoms in aromatic rings. The
      formation and thermal stability of the compound is ascribed to resonance
      stabilization.

PMID- 3839959
TI  - [Discrete and continuous mathematical models of intraspecific behavior in the
      pharmacoethology of the mouse].
AB  - An algorithm and software library were compiled in order to interpret the
      intraspecies agonistic animal behaviour in terms of discrete or continuous
      mathematical model. Applied aspects of the use of mathematical models in
      pharmacoethology were shown on concrete examples. The ways of construction of
      standard prototypes, and the integrative criteria of psychotropic drugs action
      were developed. The possibility was shown of identification of unknown substances
      by comparing with standard drugs by calculating the norm of standardized
      matrices.

PMID- 3839960
TI  - [Intrathecal morphine administration in pain therapy following extensive
      gynecologic operations. Clinical study].
AB  - Experiences with intrathecal morphine analgesia in 36 patients undergoing
      Wertheim-Held hysterectomy are reported. Postoperative painrelief, bloodgas
      parameters (pO2, pCO2, pH, SBE, SAT), analgetica demand, side-effects are
      compared with 23 patients of a control group. 95% of patients with intrathecal
      morphine analgesia were postoperatively without pain for at least 24 hours. The
      postoperative demand of analgetic drugs could be reduced to less than 50% in the
      first 48 postoperative hours. Besides not significant decreasing of the pH-value
      no changing of the bloodgases was observed. The incidence of nausea, vomiting and
      headache were not increased. Considering the not in all cases avoidable
      development of a respiration insufficiency even after a little dosis of morphine
      this method seems to be a suitable treatment of postoperative pain which enables
      the early mobilisation of the patients.

PMID- 3839961
TI  - [Clinical picture in patients with 46,X,i(Xq) karyotype. Are there differences
      from Turner syndrome?].
AB  - Clinical presentation in 2 patients with 46,X,i(Xq)-Karyotype are described. In
      both cases no mosaicism could be detected. The two patients show the classical
      features of gonadal dysgenesis: short stature, sexual infantilism and primary
      amenorrhea due to streak ovaries. Other characteristic somatic manifestations of
      the Turner syndrome such as webbing of the neck, however, were missing. In one of
      the two cases a Hashimoto's thyroiditis was present, which has been repeatedly
      reported before in the literature in cases with 46,X,i(Xq)-karyotype.

PMID- 3839962
TI  - Analysis of linkage between HLA haplotype and susceptibility to Graves' disease
      in multiple-case Chinese families in Hong Kong.
AB  - Data from 10 Chinese families in Hong Kong with multiple cases of thyrotoxic
      Graves' disease were analysed to determine whether genes predisposing to Graves'
      disease are linked to the HLA region. No evidence was obtained in favour of
      either dominant or recessive inheritance of HLA-linked susceptibility to Graves'
      disease. Six of 10 affected parent-offspring combinations had haplotypes
      containing HLA Bw46 which is more than would be expected from the antigen
      frequency of Bw46 in normal controls. It is concluded that HLA-associated genes
      play a role in determining disease susceptibility but that other factors are
      involved in determining disease expression.

PMID- 3839963
TI  - Elevated metabolic clearance rate of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in
      hyperthyroidism.
AB  - Metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and daily production rate (DPR) of 1 alpha,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) were measured in 7 hyperthyroid patients and 8
      control subjects after a single injection of tritiated 1,25(OH)2D3. Using a
      bicompartmental analysis, MCR of 1,25(OH)2D3 was found to be significantly higher
      in hyperthyroid than in control subjects (11.5 +/- 4.4 vs 5.9 +/- 2.4 ml/min
      (SD), P less than 0.01). No significant difference in plasma 1,25(OH)2D and DPR
      of 1,25(OH)2D3 was demonstrated. MCR was again measured 1 month after initiation
      of treatment in 4 hyperthyroid patients and remained elevated. In 2 of these
      patients, MCR was once more determined 6 months later and had declined towards
      normal. No correlation was found between MCR and DPR and either plasma calcium,
      phosphate, immunoreactive PTH, 1,25(OH)D and T3 values. In conclusion, MCR of
      1,25(OH)2D3 is elevated in hyperthyroidism, but this finding is probably
      unrelated to the effect of thyroid hormones on bone metabolism.

PMID- 3839964
TI  - The MAR test as immunologic screening of male infertility.
AB  - The mixed antiglobulin reaction was developed for detection of platelet antibody
      and then modified to demonstrate antibodies on spermatozoa. We have used the test
      as a simple method of screening for antibodies in the male, performing the test
      during the analysis of semen samples. We evaluated 320 samples from partners of
      sterile couples attending our Sterility centers. The IgG MAR test was not
      applicable to 82 samples because the sperm concentration and sperm motility was
      not sufficient. In all uncertain, positive and firmly positive cases of MAR test
      and in 50 negative cases of IgG MAR test, as control group we performed MAR test
      for IgA. We correlate our results with the sperm test penetration, SCMC test and
      identification of antisperm antibodies test and Isojima test for sperm
      immobilizing antibodies. Our results reconfirm the utility of IgG MAR test as
      screening test for the presence of antibodies but its positiveness requires the
      performance of IgA MAR test and, if necessary, of other tests in order to
      diagnose sterility depending on immunologic factors.

PMID- 3839965
TI  - [Intrathecal anesthesia in metastatic pain of urologic origin. A new technic].

PMID- 3839966
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the apolipoprotein genes.
AB  - These types of studies lay the foundation for understanding the human
      apolipoproteins at the genetic level. In addition, through a few specific
      examples, we have already shown evidence at the DNA level that lesions in
      apolipoprotein genes can play a role in human atherosclerosis. This work is in
      its infancy but, in the future, we hope it will have a major impact on our
      ability to understand genetic susceptibility to atherosclerosis in the general
      population.

PMID- 3839967
TI  - Leukaemic neoplasia in free-living mammals in Denmark.

PMID- 3839968
TI  - Glucocorticoid-induced bone disorders: nature and mechanisms of glucocorticoid
      induced bone disorders in dogs.
AB  - Treatment with 5.0 mg/kg of hydrocortisone twice a week for 12 months led to the
      significant decreased levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D. A histomorphometric evaluation of iliac cortical and
      trabecular bones was carried out using tetracycline double labelling method and
      tetrachrome staining. The excessive hydrocortisone treatment produced poor or no
      fluorescent labelling in the iliac cortex, indicating the absence of any newly
      established bone. Our present data demonstrate that excessive glucocorticoid may
      induce bone disorder in dogs by indirectly causing the decrease of serum 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels or by directly inhibiting mineral apposition of bone.

PMID- 3839969
TI  - Premature preference.

PMID- 3839970
TI  - Posthospitalization growth and bone mineral status of normal preterm infants.
      Feeding with mother's milk or standard formula.
AB  - The growth and bone mineralization were studied in ten preterm infants fed human
      milk and 14 preterm infants fed cow's milk-based formula. After discharge from
      the hospital, at 42, 48, and 56 weeks' postmenstrual age, anthropometric measures
      of weight, length, occipital frontal circumference, mid-upper arm circumference,
      triceps, and subscapular skin folds were obtained. Blood was drawn for
      determinations of serum calcium, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, alkaline
      phosphatase, and albumin levels. Bone mineral analyses were performed by photon
      absorptiometry. Mean (+/- SD) gestational ages in nursing and formula-fed infants
      were similar (32.0 +/- 2.5 vs 31.5 +/- 1.5 weeks), as were their mean (+/- SD)
      birth weights (1.76 +/- 0.42 vs 1.52 +/- 0.30 kg). After hospitalization, both
      groups had similar rates of growth in weight, length, head circumference, mid
      upper arm circumference, triceps, and subscapular skinfold thickness. The formula
      fed group had higher serum phosphorus levels at 42 weeks, higher serum calcium
      levels at 48 weeks, and higher serum albumin concentrations at 56 weeks than the
      breast-fed group. By 56 weeks' postmenstrual age, the bone mineral content was
      higher in the formula-fed group. Our data suggest that after hospitalization,
      preterm infants fed their own mother's milk have similar growth patterns but a
      different bone mineralization rate compared with preterm infants fed a standard
      cow's milk-based formula.

PMID- 3839971
TI  - Third International Sucralfate Symposium. Peptic ulcer disease and gastritis: a
      worldwide review. September 17, 1984, Lisbon, Portugal.

PMID- 3839972
TI  - Comparison of two sucralfate dosages (2 g twice a day versus 1 g four times a
      day) in duodenal ulcer healing.
AB  - The effects of two dosage regimens of sucralfate, 2 g twice a day (one-half hour
      before breakfast and at night) and 1 g four times a day (one-half hour before
      meals and at night), on ulcer healing in 80 patients with endoscopically proved
      duodenal ulcer were compared. The study was single-blind and endoscopically
      controlled. Endoscopy was performed after four weeks and, if complete healing was
      not achieved, after an additional four weeks. Clinical assessment was carried out
      every two weeks. Seventy-four patients completed the study. After four weeks, the
      ulcer had healed in 28 of 36 patients (78 percent) who received 2 g of sucralfate
      twice a day and in 28 of 38 patients (74 percent) who received 1 g of sucralfate
      four times a day. The cumulative healing rates after eight weeks were 83 percent
      and 84 percent, respectively. The results suggest that sucralfate given in a
      dosage of 2 g twice a day is as effective as 1 g four times a day in the short
      term treatment of duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 3839974
TI  - Elephantiasis-like appearance of upper and lower extremities in Graves'
      dermopathy.
AB  - Graves' dermopathy, affecting upper as well as lower extremities, is reported in
      a 50-year-old male patient addicted to multiple narcotic drugs. The narcotic drug
      administration routes include subcutaneous and intravenous injection in all limbs
      over a period of 29 years. The combination of drug injection trauma and Graves'
      dermopathy produced elephantiasis-like appearance of upper and lower limbs with
      impairment of their function; the left hand required amputation. Other features
      of Graves' disease, ie, hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy were severe and
      required multiple modes of therapy. Although the pathogenesis of Graves'
      dermopathy is unclear, it is surmised that trauma to skin might exacerbate it and
      preventive measures for trauma might be helpful in the management of dermopathy.

PMID- 3839973
TI  - Sucralfate therapy in patients with symptoms of alkaline reflux gastritis. A
      randomized, double-blind study.
AB  - The effects of sucralfate (6 g per day) and placebo on symptoms, endoscopic
      findings, and gastric mucosal histology were compared in 23 patients with
      symptoms of alkaline reflux gastritis who had undergone Billroth I, Billroth II,
      or vagotomy and pyloroplasty. Patients were randomly assigned to receive
      sucralfate (n = 11) or placebo (n = 12) for six weeks. Then all received six
      weeks of open sucralfate therapy before treatment codes were revealed. Twelve
      gastric biopsy specimens were obtained before patients began treatment and at six
      and 12 weeks. The two groups did not differ significantly with respect to symptom
      scores or endoscopic findings at baseline, after the double-blind phase, or after
      open sucralfate treatment. There were also no significant differences between the
      treatment groups with respect to epithelial cell scores and conventional
      gastritis scores. However, after the six-week, double-blind phase, the
      inflammatory cell score of the sucralfate-treated group was significantly lower
      (p less than 0.05) than that of the placebo-treated group (1.3 +/- 0.3 versus 1.9
      +/- 0.4). After six weeks of open sucralfate treatment, patients who had
      initially received placebo had a significant reduction (1.4 +/- 0.3 versus 1.9 +/
      0.4) in their inflammatory cell score. Sucralfate lowered the inflammatory cell
      scores of patients with symptoms of alkaline reflux gastritis. This reduction,
      however, was not associated with an improvement in symptoms.

PMID- 3839975
TI  - A modified technique for serial use of argon and neodymium-YAG lasers in laser
      iridotomy.

PMID- 3839976
TI  - Gastric mucosal barrier: stabilization of hydrophobic lining to the stomach by
      mucus.
AB  - The hydrophobic nature [Am. J. Physiol. 244 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 7):
      G561-G568, 1983] of the mucosal lining of canine oxyntic tissue has been
      characterized by rinsing with saline or a phospholipid solvent (hexane) and by
      measuring the maximum contact angles as droplets of a hydrophilic liquid (saline)
      and a hydrophobic liquid (olive oil) advance over that surface. The results are
      consistent with the luminal lining as an adsorbed monolayer of surfactant whose
      outer shell of packed fatty acid chains resemble polyethylene. Phospholipid
      (dipalmitoyl lecithin) monolayers deposited in vitro and polyethylene were both
      found to be readily wetted by stomach mucus, reducing advancing contact angles
      (theta) by 74 and 83%, respectively, while eliminating altogether the minimum
      contact angle for receding saline. Taking theta values for "dry" tissue as the
      most conservative, the reduction in surface energy imparted by mucus was
      estimated as 30.3 ergs X cm-2, which dispels the objection that, on thermodynamic
      grounds, surfactant must form a bilayer rather than a monolayer. Thus, as a
      powerful wetting agent, mucus would play an important role in stabilizing and
      replenishing the absorbed surfactant monolayer proposed as the physical basis for
      the gastric mucosal barrier.

PMID- 3839977
TI  - Peptide 6A, a fibrin(ogen) degradation product, increases coronary blood flow.
AB  - The coronary hemodynamic effects of intracoronary administration of a
      fibrin(ogen)-derived pentapeptide, Ala-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys (peptide 6A), were
      evaluated in open-chest anesthetized dogs. With administration of peptide 6A (2.5
      30 mumol), coronary blood flow increased and coronary vascular resistance
      decreased promptly in a dose-related manner. Increase in coronary blood flow was
      independent of any change in indexes of myocardial O2 demand, indicating the
      peptide 6A exerts direct effects on coronary arterial tone. Systemic arterial and
      left ventricular end-diastolic pressures remained unchanged with smaller doses
      but decreased when higher doses of peptide 6A (greater than or equal to 20 mumol)
      were administered. Plasma concentrations of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, stable
      hydrolysis product of prostacyclin, increased in coronary sinus blood samples in
      conjunction with increase in coronary blood flow. Administration of indomethacin
      (5 mg/kg iv) inhibited peptide 6A-induced release of prostacyclin and
      significantly attenuated the effects of peptide 6A on coronary hemodynamics.
      Pretreatment of animals with H2-receptor blocker cimetidine (500 mg iv) or with
      H1-and H2-receptor blocker diphenhydramine (50 mg iv) had no significant effects
      on peptide 6A-induced increase in coronary blood flow. This study suggests that
      this fibrin(ogen)-derived peptide has potent vasodilator effects on the coronary
      vascular bed of the dog, and these effects are in part mediated by stimulation of
      prostacyclin release.

PMID- 3839978
TI  - Dynamic interactions between heart rate and atrioventricular conduction.
AB  - We examined the beat-by-beat alterations in atrioventricular (AV) conduction time
      that accompany both linear and abrupt changes in heart rate (HR). We used alpha
      chloralose-anesthetized and autonomically decentralized dogs (n = 10) and
      recorded electrocardiogram (ECG), arterial pressure, and electrograms from sinus
      node, right ventricle, and His bundle. Abrupt or linear HR changes of known slope
      were generated by computer and displayed graphically with AV interval as a
      function of time. HR was increased linearly from 10 to 110 beats/min above
      control over 15, 30, and 60 s and then decreased in a linear fashion. AV interval
      was dependent on direction of HR change with marked asymmetry between increases
      and decreases in HR. Similar data were apparent irrespective of whether the
      decrease followed the increase or vice versa. To study determinants of 1:1
      conduction, HR was increased linearly by 200 beats/min above control over 15, 30,
      and 60 s. As rate of change of HR increased, 1:1 conduction continued to a higher
      HR; however, the last conducted AV interval was negatively correlated with rate
      of change of HR. Abrupt sustained increases in HR of 25, 50, 75, and 100% above
      control resulted in marked accommodation of AV interval only at higher levels of
      HR. Thus in the absence of autonomic neural tone, 1) cardiac cycle length is not
      associated with a fixed AV interval but is dependent on magnitude and direction
      of HR change; and 2) the HR at which 1:1 AV conduction fails is significantly
      altered by the rate of change of HR.

PMID- 3839979
TI  - Effects of timing of atrial systole on LV filling and mitral valve closure:
      computer and dog studies.
AB  - Atrioventricular (AV) delay that results in maximum ventricular filling and
      physiological mechanisms that govern dependence of filling on timing of atrial
      systole were studied by combining computer experiments with experiments in the
      anesthetized dog instrumented to measure phasic mitral flow. Ventricular filling
      volume is maximized at AV delay of 100 ms in the computer study and 80 ms in the
      dog study. At any time in diastole atrial contraction accelerates mitral flow,
      opening the mitral valve widely; atrial relaxation then decelerates mitral flow,
      moving the valve leaflets toward closure. The time the valve remains closed
      following atrial systole varies inversely with AV delay. When AV delay is
      optimal, the mitral valve is moving rapidly toward closure but is not yet closed
      at onset of ventricular systole. The decline in filling volume as AV delay
      decreases below its optimum value is primarily the result of premature
      termination of atrial ejection by ventricular systole. As AV delay increases
      above its optimal value, filling volume progressively decreases because of
      premature mitral valve closure that limits effective diastolic filling period.
      There is no significant retrograde mitral flow at any point in diastole for any
      AV delay.

PMID- 3839980
TI  - Atracurium in clinical anaesthesia: effect of dosage on onset, duration and
      conditions for tracheal intubation.
AB  - Conditions for tracheal intubation at 90 seconds, time to onset of maximum block
      and duration of clinical relaxation after five different doses of atracurium,
      which ranged from 0.4 to 1.0 mg/kg were studied in 200 adult patients who were
      anaesthetized with nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane or fentanyl. The
      conditions for intubation improved significantly with increasing doses, and were
      acceptable in 55% patients with a 0.4 mg/kg dose and in about 90% of those who
      received the two higher doses. The time to onset of complete block was 257
      seconds with 0.4 mg/kg and decreased progressively to 124 seconds with 1.0 mg/kg.
      The duration of clinical relaxation under fentanyl anaesthesia averaged 29
      minutes with 0.4 mg/kg and increased in a dose-related manner to 57 minutes with
      1.0 mg/kg: halothane anaesthesia produced only a marginal increase. There was no
      evidence of cumulation with up to six repeat doses of 0.125 mg/kg. The only side
      effect noticed was cutaneous flushing observed in 42% of patients. This was again
      dose dependent, being 18% with 0.4 mg/kg and increasing to 73% after 1.0 mg/kg.
      There was associated hypotension and bronchospasm in one patient.

PMID- 3839981
TI  - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric studies of the aluminum chloride/n
      butylpyridinium chloride molten salt.

PMID- 3839982
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of iron(III) in oxalates by
      extraction of the mixed-ligand iron-oxalate-purpurin complex.

PMID- 3839983
TI  - Cardiodilatin-immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus of Tupaia.
AB  - Using various region specific antibodies raised against partial sequences of
      synthetic cardiodilatin (CDD) we detected immunoreactive neurons with their
      perikarya in the nucleus periventricularis of Tupaia belangeri. The fibers could
      be traced laterally directed towards the amygdaloid complex and some varicosities
      were also observed in the lateral parts of the nucleus periventricularis. It is
      postulated that brain CDD represents a new neuropeptide and that these CDD-IR
      neurons are involved in specific functions related to the modulation of the
      cardiovascular centers.

PMID- 3839984
TI  - Atracurium pretreatment for succinylcholine-induced fasciculations and
      postoperative myalgia.

PMID- 3839985
TI  - Neurotoxicity of intrathecal local anesthetics in rabbits.
AB  - The authors developed a new method of intrathecal local anesthetic injection in
      rabbits in order to study the relationship between anesthetic concentration and
      impaired neurologic function. They found that none of the local anesthetics
      studied produced persistent neurologic damage in concentrations used clinically.
      However, lidocaine and tetracaine can be prepared in high concentrations (far
      exceeding those clinically used) that will produce extensive irreversible
      neurologic injury and histologic changes. This was also true for sodium
      bisulfite, an antioxidant used in a number of commercially prepared local
      anesthetic solutions. Pure solutions of relatively insoluble local anesthetics
      (bupivacaine and 2-chloroprocaine) failed to produce comparable neurologic or
      neuropathologic changes when tested at concentrations up to their solubility
      limits. Extensive neurologic impairment was not necessarily accompanied by
      equally extensive lesions in the spinal cord and nerve roots.

PMID- 3839986
TI  - Redistribution of lidocaine and bupivacaine after intrathecal injection in mice.
AB  - Redistribution of lidocaine and bupivacaine was studied after intrathecal
      injection in mice qualitatively by whole-body autoradiography or quantitatively
      by determining spinal cord concentration of the drugs. The composition of the
      drug solutions then were changed to see if drug distribution could be altered.
      Changing the pH of the lidocaine solution from 7.5 to 5.0 by adding hydrochloric
      acid had no effect on spinal cord distribution. Simultaneous injection of
      bupivacaine and epinephrine increased the bupivacaine concentration in the spinal
      cord. By adding sucrose to a lidocaine solution, rostral spread of lidocaine was
      considerably less when the animals were restrained in a vertical position as
      compared with those injected with a plain solution. When lidocaine and
      bupivacaine were injected simultaneously, the spinal cord concentration was only
      changed to a small extent as compared with when the drugs were given separately.
      Whole body autoradiography revealed that both lidocaine and bupivacaine were
      rapidly redistributed rostrally from the lumbar area, but quantitatively the
      rostral redistribution is small. Whole body autoradiography also illustrated the
      elimination pathways from the spinal subarachnoid space. The authors conclude
      that alterations in the composition of the injected drug solution can affect
      rostral redistribution in the spinal cord tissue.

PMID- 3839987
TI  - Hemoptysis and anemia in a 3-year-old boy.

PMID- 3839988
TI  - [Bacterial meningitis and intrathecal treatment of chronic pain].

PMID- 3839989
TI  - Lactulose and severe lactic acidosis.

PMID- 3839990
TI  - Endogenous digoxin-like material in patients with liver disease.

PMID- 3839991
TI  - When do patients given intrathecal morphine need postoperative systemic opiates?
AB  - A prospective, randomised study has compared the requirements for intramuscular
      papaveretum after cholecystectomy in patients given either 0.8 mg intrathecal
      morphine preoperatively or intravenous papaveretum peroperatively. Patients given
      intrathecal morphine required significantly less papaveretum during the first 48
      hours after operation, but no significant difference in analgesic requirements
      was observed by 72 hours due to a continuing demand for papaveretum by these
      patients.

PMID- 3839993
TI  - Recent advances in Scandinavian research on STD's.

PMID- 3839992
TI  - Current views on sexually transmitted diseases.

PMID- 3839994
TI  - Correlation between experimentally and clinically demonstrated activity of two
      new cytotoxic agents in breast cancer.
AB  - Experimental evidence of the cytotoxic activity of two new agents was obtained
      using five lines of human breast carcinoma serially transplanted into
      immunosuppressed mice. Tumor growth delay was used to compare the effect of the
      new agents with that of cytotoxic drugs of known value in human breast cancer.
      The mean specific growth delay (number of tumor volume doubling times saved) for
      each agent against the five lines was: CL232/315 (mitoxantrone) 1.9; M-AMSA (4'[9
      - acridinyl] amino-methane sulphon - M - ansidine) 0.5; cyclophosphamide, 1.9;
      adriamycin, 1.8; melphalan 2.2. There was no significant difference between the
      activity of mitoxantrone and the clinically useful drugs, but m-AMSA (amsacrine)
      was significantly less active than the other agents. A clinical trial of
      mitoxantrone at the Royal Marsden Hospital has confirmed the prediction of useful
      activity against breast cancer. Objective responses (CR + PR, UICC response
      criteria) were noted in 21 out of 70 (30%) patients with advanced breast cancer
      treated with the drug. The responses were of 4-7 months plus duration, and the
      30% response rate compares favorably with other single agents. Although amsacrine
      is active in many forms of malignant disease, several Phase II studies have shown
      it to have little effect in breast cancer. By using panels of xenografts of
      different tumor types, it should be possible to select the most appropriate human
      tumors against which to test a new cytotoxic agent in Phase II studies.

PMID- 3839995
TI  - Directed biosynthesis of new saframycin derivatives with resting cells of
      Streptomyces lavendulae.
AB  - Saframycin A is an antitumor antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lavendulae 314
      which falls into the category of the N-heterocyclic quinone group.
      Biosynthetically the quinone ring is derived from two tyrosine molecules which
      condense to generate the basic ring system of saframycin A. The side chain also
      has been found to derive from two amino acids, i.e., glycine and alanine.
      Supplementation by various amino acid analogs of the side chain produced three
      new saframycin derivatives with a replaced side chain. These three saframycins,
      designated Yd-1, Yd-2, and Y3, contained 2-amino-n-butyric acid, glycine, and
      alanine residues, respectively. in place of the normal N-terminal pyruvic acid in
      the side chain of saframycin A. Feeding experiments with 13C-labeled dipeptide
      indicated that the amino acids are probably incorporated in the side chain as a
      dipeptide unit. It was also found that saframycin A is produced from saframycin
      Y3 by an enzymatic deamination reaction. Based on these results, saframycin
      biosynthesis in S. lavendulae is discussed.

PMID- 3839996
TI  - The co-oxidation of ammonia to nitrite during the aerobic xanthine oxidase
      reaction.
AB  - The xanthine oxidase reaction causes a co-oxidation of NH3 to NO2-, which was
      inhibitable by superoxide dismutase, catalase, hydroxyl radical scavengers, or by
      the chelating agents, desferrioxamine or diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid.
      Hydroxylamine was oxidized to NO2- much more rapidly than was NH3, and in this
      case superoxide dismutase or the chelating agents inhibited but catalase or the
      HO. scavengers did not. Hydrazine was not detectably oxidized to NO2-, and NO2-
      was not oxidized to NO3-, by the xanthine oxidase reaction. These results are
      accommodated by a reaction scheme involving (a) the metal-catalyzed production of
      HO. from O2- + H2O2; (b) the oxidation of H3N to H2N. by OH.; (c) the coupling of
      H2N. with O2- to yield peroxylamine, which hydrolyzes to hydroxylamine plus H2O2;
      (d) the metal-catalyzed oxidation of HO-NH2 to (Formula: see text), which couples
      with O2- to yield (Formula: see text), which finally dehydrates to yield NO2-.

PMID- 3839998
TI  - [Kaposi's sarcoma].
AB  - Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a very rare disease in Japan. The description by Moritz
      kaposi in 1872 of a "multiple idiopathic pigment sarcoma of the skin" stressed
      the multifocal lesions of the disease and its vascular nature, and it was renamed
      multiple idiopathic hemorrhagic sarcoma." For many years, the traditional form of
      KS was seen by most dermatologists and pathologists. During the 1970s, following
      the initiation of immunosuppression therapy for kidney transplantation, on
      autoimmune disease, KS was observed to occur in up to 5% of patients undergoing
      this procedure. In 1981, reports began to appear of kaposi's sarcoma in young
      immunocompromised homosexual men. Many patients bad lymphadenopathy and/or
      unusual opportunistic infections. The clinical manifestations of traditional KS
      were and are well established. The initial lesions usually involve the lower
      extremities, beginning as macules and patches and extending to plaques and
      modules. The color is thought to be somewhat distinctive, especially in the later
      stages, with hues of red or red-brown with a bluish purple tone. Eventually, non
      pitting edema of the legs is seen, with widely scattered involvement of cutaneous
      lymph nodes and eventually, internal organs. The disease is considered to be
      multifocal both in the traditional and AIDS-associated (new KS) forms. The
      clinical course of the disease is variable. The differential diagnosis of KS has
      become a major problem in histopathology. Factor-VIII-related antigen may be
      demonstrated in vascular endothelium using immunoperoxidase staining methods and
      may be useful, as a practical approach to skin biopsy in high-risk patients,
      awareness of the differential diagnoses is of primary importance. An abnormal
      helper: suppressor ratio of T lymphocytes is found in most of the
      immunocompromised groups, KS patients are treated by radiation and/or
      chemotherapy. Some drugs are well-suited for the long-term treatment of KS.

PMID- 3839997
TI  - Analysis of the 3' region of the sheep elastin gene.
AB  - The nucleotide sequences of a 1279-bp sheep elastin cDNA clone, pcSEL1 [Yoon et
      al. (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 118, 261-269], and a 1230-bp sheep
      elastin genomic subclone, pSS1 [Davidson et al. (1984) Biochem. J. 220, 643-652],
      corresponding to a portion of the cDNA clone, were determined. These analyses
      permitted determination of the 100 amino acids at the carboxy terminus of sheep
      tropoelastin. A portion of this sequence showed strong homology to known
      sequences of pig tropoelastin, but most of the sequence had not been previously
      determined through protein sequencing. Novel aspects of the tropoelastin molecule
      which have been revealed by the present analyses are (i) the presence of an
      unusual sequence, KPPKP, which may contribute to crosslink formation; and (ii)
      the finding of cysteine within a sequence, CLGKSCGRKRK, at the putative carboxy
      terminus of tropoelastin. Because of the presence of these sequences, it is
      speculated that the carboxy-terminal region may be of importance in crosslinking
      tropoelastin molecules to themselves or to other matrix macromolecules. The
      nucleotide analyses revealed that sheep elastin mRNA contains a 974-bp
      untranslated sequence at the 3' end, which appears to be strongly conserved among
      species.

PMID- 3839999
TI  - Retinopathy of prematurity: incidence and treatment.
AB  - The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in infants with a birthweight less
      than or equal to 2500 g admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit
      between 1977 and 1983 was 20% of all survivors. There was a reciprocal relation
      between birthweight and the incidence of the disease, with an incidence of 68% in
      infants weighing less than or equal to 1000 g at birth. Cryotherapy of the
      avascular retina was performed if the acute disease progressed rapidly during
      stage 3 and the amount of fibrovascular proliferation was mild to moderate with
      signs of plus disease (presence of appreciable posterior pole vascular tortuosity
      and dilatation and the presence of engorgement of iris vessels). This method of
      treatment was performed in 4% of all survivors: in 26% of infants weighing less
      than or equal to 1000 g at birth and 5% of infants weighing 1001-1500 g. No
      infants had cicatricial disease greater than stage 2 on follow-up. The absence of
      any severe cicatricial disease or blindness in this large group of high risk
      infants suggests that when indicated and performed on the avascular retina
      cryotherapy may be an important method of treatment.

PMID- 3840000
TI  - Manpower needs and supply in academic pathology.
AB  - A survey of manpower supply and need in academic pathology departments was
      conducted by the Joint Task Force on Pathology Manpower of the College of
      American Pathologists, the American Society of Clinical Pathologists, and the
      Association of Pathology Chairmen by means of questionnaires distributed to
      chairmen and faculty of all departments of pathology and laboratory medicine in
      the United States. Of the 136 departments, responses were obtained from 131 (96%)
      chairmen and from 1,561 (45%) faculty members. The current total need for faculty
      members (funded vacant positions) is 272, and the projected aggregate need over
      the next five years is 693 members for new and replacement positions. The
      greatest needs are for research MD pathologists and surgical pathologists,
      followed by autopsy and chemical pathologists. Based on the estimate of current
      pathology trainees planning academic careers, there is a strong indication that
      the projected supply of MD pathologists is significantly less than the
      anticipated demand.

PMID- 3840001
TI  - Accuracy of participant results utilized as target values in the CAP Chemistry
      Survey Program.
AB  - Samples of lyophilized human serum were circulated to more than 7,000
      participants in the College of American Pathologists chemistry survey program.
      The participants measured the concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, uric acid,
      and urea along with other constituents in the samples. Selected samples also were
      sent to the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) for analysis of these same
      analytes by definitive methods. Consensus mean values of participant results are
      used as target values. The participant values were compared with the NBS values,
      providing a measure of the accuracy of the designated target values. There was,
      in general, excellent correlation between the NBS definitive values and the
      designated target values. These target values can provide reliable reference
      points by which to evaluate participant performance.

PMID- 3840002
TI  - Descriptive epidemiology of the autopsy in Connecticut, 1979-1980.
AB  - Knowledge of the differences between deaths for which autopsies are performed and
      all deaths is pertinent to epidemiologic investigation in such areas as disease
      trends, chronic disease incidence, and occupationally related disease. A
      population-based study was undertaken to evaluate these differences for deaths in
      Connecticut in 1979 and 1980. Analyses for 1979 and 1980 were comparable. Of
      28,440 deaths in 1980, 14% underwent autopsy. Differences by sex, race, marital
      status, age, underlying cause of death, and place of occurrence of death were
      demonstrated when decedents who underwent an autopsy were compared with all
      decedents. Non-white men who died at 20 to 29 years of age were the most likely
      group to undergo an autopsy. Proportions of autopsies, by major category of
      underlying cause, did not parallel the leading causes of death. Deaths due to
      trauma accounted for a larger proportion of all autopsies (25%) than of all
      deaths (6%). If a death certificate indicated a circulatory disorder or neoplasm
      as the cause of death, an autopsy was less likely to be performed. A
      disproportionately high number of autopsies were performed for deaths occurring
      in hospitals; the converse was true for deaths occurring in nursing-convalescent
      homes. We conclude that knowledge of the ways in which autopsies are biased will
      permit broader use of the sensitive and specific information that can be obtained
      from them.

PMID- 3840003
TI  - Pleura in pneumothorax. Comparison of patients with cystic fibrosis and
      idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax.
AB  - We studied pleura from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in order to define
      abnormalities that predispose to pneumothorax or are unique to CF. We compared
      the histology of CF pleura with that of young non-CF adults with "idiopathic"
      pneumothorax. Both CF and non-CF patients with pneumothorax showed distorted
      elastic fibers in areas of pleural fibrosis, adhesions, or air "cysts." Following
      pneumothorax, chronic inflammation, granulation tissue, fibrosis, mesothelial
      hyperplasia, and reactive eosinophilic pleuritis were also common. Although CF
      pleura appeared more intensely inflamed, only myxoid connective tissue and
      vascular proliferation were significantly more frequent in CF. Columnar,
      vacuolated mesothelial cells (Dunnill lesion) were focally observed only in
      patients with CF. We conclude that extensive degenerative pleural changes may
      predispose to pneumothorax in CF and represent a nonspecific response to chronic
      inflammation.

PMID- 3840004
TI  - Fibromyxoma of the trachea. A review of benign tracheal tumors.
AB  - A 59-year-old woman presented with asthmatic symptoms. A fibromyxoma obstructing
      her trachea was surgically removed. Benign tracheal tumors are rare lesions
      usually misdiagnosed as asthma. Histologically, the majority are soft-tissue-type
      tumors of mesenchymal origin. They are more frequently located in the lower third
      of the trachea with the exception of benign mixed tumor and granular cell
      myoblastoma that arise more frequently in the upper third. Though endoscopic
      removal of some tumors has been successful, complete cure without recurrence is
      better accomplished by segmental tracheal resection with end-to-end anastomosis.

PMID- 3840005
TI  - Cardiac sarcomas presenting as metastatic disease.
AB  - We describe two patients with primary sarcoma of the heart in whom metastatic
      lesions were the first evidence of disease. One patient had a fibrosarcoma of the
      tricuspid valve with only pulmonary metastases. The second had a pleomorphic
      sarcoma of the mitral valve with renal and bony metastases. The possibility of a
      primary cardiac tumor should be considered in patients with occult metastatic
      sarcoma.

PMID- 3840006
TI  - Hodgkin's disease of the endometrium.
AB  - We report a case of Hodgkin's disease of the endometrium. The endometrial stroma
      is replaced by a polymorphic cellular infiltrate in which Reed-Sternberg cells
      are seen. The patient also has a history of stage IV-B Hodgkin's disease that was
      diagnosed and treated three years earlier. To our knowledge, Hodgkin's disease of
      the endometrium has not been described.

PMID- 3840007
TI  - Papillary mucinous cystadenoma of probable renal pelvic origin in a horseshoe
      kidney.
AB  - A 59-year-old woman underwent a partial nephrectomy to remove a 7-cm cystic mass
      involving the left portion of a horseshoe kidney. Microscopically, the cyst was
      lined by tall columnar mucosecretory cells resembling endocervical cells. The
      lesion is believed to represent the benign counterpart of mucinous adenocarcinoma
      of the renal pelvis.

PMID- 3840008
TI  - Cancer arising in the gastric stump. Occurrence following resection for benign
      peptic ulcer disease.
AB  - Two patients developed adenocarcinoma of the gastric stump 20 to 30 years
      following gastric resection for benign peptic ulcer disease. The bulk of the
      medical literature supports a small but definite increased incidence with a
      latency period of 20 years or more. The risk is greatest following operations
      that lead to greater reflux of bile and pancreatic juices into the gastric
      remnant. The diagnosis may be inapparent by upper gastrointestinal tract
      roentgenograms, and changes may not even be obvious at endoscopy. Five-year
      survival rates are low (2% to 4%). Because the prognosis is poor once the disease
      is diagnosed, the high-risk patient should be considered for intermittent
      endoscopic surveillance.

PMID- 3840009
TI  - Giant invasive cholesteatoma. Report of a case with cerebellar invasion.
AB  - We present a case of epidermoid cholesteatoma that killed the patient by
      relentless invasion, despite radical surgery. An autopsy disclosed a focus of
      dural and cerebellar invasion, which dramatized the aggressive nature of this
      disease. In fact, the epithelial cells of this disease are not thought to possess
      the ability to invade. Instead, inflammation is believed to both stimulate the
      squamous epithelial cells to proliferate and destroy adjacent tissues, thereby
      providing a pathway for epithelial cell migration. Epidermoid cholesteatoma,
      then, is a disease in which the processes of inflammation and hyperplasia combine
      to mimic a neoplasm.

PMID- 3840010
TI  - Intestinal Buerger's disease.
AB  - We describe a 50-year-old man who, at 26 years of age, underwent a hemicolectomy
      on the right side of the abdomen due to infarction of the right colon. At 35
      years of age, a stenotic, ischemic segment of distal jejunum was resected. Later
      he had had intermittent claudication, migratory thrombophlebitis, and recurrent
      cerebral infarctions. The mesenteric and mural blood vessels of both resected
      specimens of bowel showed an occlusive process with organized and recent thrombi
      and marked transmural inflammation. The internal elastic lamina and media in the
      arteries were preserved and there was no evidence of atheroma or calcification.
      The histologic findings were consistent with thromboangiitis obliterans. We
      suggest that the same mechanism may be responsible for intestinal peripheral and
      cerebrovascular involvement.

PMID- 3840011
TI  - The results of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy.
AB  - Partial arthroscopic meniscectomy has been performed in the First Orthopedic
      Clinic of the University of Florence since 1981. We have reviewed the first 100
      cases with an average follow-up of 18 months. The results were graded according
      to a numerical rating system and were satisfactory in 85% of the cases. The main
      advantage of this difficult technique is the fast recovery rate. Other advantages
      are the low morbidity and short hospital stay. When meniscectomy was performed in
      the ACL unstable knee, the results were inferior but still acceptable in terms of
      reduction of the mechanical symptoms. The influence of age, sex, medial or
      lateral meniscectomy, and type of tear was not statistically significant. Thigh
      atrophy or chondromalacia significantly decreased the knee score. We believe that
      the single most important technical factor is to make sure that a stable, well
      balanced and healthy rim is left in the knee.

PMID- 3840012
TI  - Ophthalmic medications that contain sulfites.

PMID- 3840013
TI  - Myopia and unexpected intraocular pressure elevations after neodymium-YAG
      capsulotomy.

PMID- 3840014
TI  - Positional effects on exophthalmometer readings in Graves' eye disease.
AB  - Forty-eight patients with Graves' eye disease, half of whom had extraocular
      muscle restriction, and 45 normal adult subjects underwent exophthalmometry while
      in the upright and the supine positions to determine whether the difference in
      measurement due to position would serve to differentiate the groups. A previous
      report claimed that the upright reading would be greater than the supine reading
      for normal subjects and patients with Graves' eye disease without clinical
      extraocular muscle involvement, whereas those with extraocular muscle restriction
      would show little change in their exophthalmometer readings. Our study showed an
      increase in exophthalmometer readings in going from the upright to the supine
      position for normal subjects and both groups of patients with Graves' eye
      disease. Furthermore, this test did not serve to differentiate these three
      groups.

PMID- 3840015
TI  - Irradiation of the posterior ocular segment with the neodymium-YAG laser in its
      free-running mode.
AB  - A neodymium-YAG laser, operating in its free-running mode with pulse durations of
      10 to 20 ms, was used to treat 63 cases of choroidal and retinal diseases. These
      cases included diabetic background retinopathies, thrombosis of the central
      retinal vein or branch retinal vein, neovascular membranes under the pigment
      epithelium, and retinal breaks or degenerations of the peripheral retina. Because
      the number of diabetic retinopathies (24) and their average follow-up time (25.5
      months) are insufficient for the evaluation of irradiation effects, no definite
      statement as to the merits of this energy modality in such cases can be made. The
      irradiation of infarcted retina was followed by extensive atrophy of the involved
      area. No secondary glaucoma was observed during a follow-up period of 16.4
      months. The irradiation in four cases of neovascular subretinal membranes was
      followed by disappearance of the membranes. However, relapse later occurred in
      all four cases. The irradiation of eight retinal breaks resulted in solid scar
      tissue. Two choroidal melanomas were destroyed and did not recur during a follow
      up period of 22 months.

PMID- 3840016
TI  - Inheritance of the human salivary proline-rich proteins: a reinterpretation in
      terms of six loci forming two subfamilies.
AB  - DNA studies suggest that six loci control the synthesis of human salivary proline
      rich proteins (PRPs). Genes at two of these loci (proposed names, PRH1 and PRH2)
      contain regions that strongly hybridize to a probe made from a cDNA in which
      sites for the restriction enzyme HaeIII occur repeatedly; they code for the
      acidic PRPs. Genes at the remaining four loci (PRB1, PRB2, PRB3, and PRB4)
      contain regions that strongly hybridize to a probe with repeated BstN1 sites;
      they probably code for the basic and glycosylated PRPs. In contrast to these data
      suggesting six loci forming two gene subfamilies, studies of protein
      polymorphisms and families have led to the postulation of 13 loci with 11 common
      null alleles. The discrepancy in the number of loci is partly resolved by the
      hypothesis that the three acidic PRPs, Db, Pa, and PIF, are coded for by alleles
      at one of the HaeIII-type loci rather than by three discrete loci.

PMID- 3840017
TI  - Construction and identification of a cDNA clone for human type II procollagen
      mRNA.
AB  - Double-stranded cDNA was constructed for poly(A)-containing RNA isolated from
      foetal human articular cartilage known to contain small amounts of pro alpha 1
      (II) collagen mRNA. A 585 base pair PstI-EcoRI cDNA fragment was isolated and
      cloned into plasmid pBR322. A resulting recombinant plasmid pHCAR1 was shown to
      hybridize specifically to a 5.4 kilobase mRNA in cartilage but not in calvarial
      RNA. Definite identification of clone pHCAR1 was based on sequence analysis;
      marked homology with the corresponding chick gene and complete agreement with the
      human gene sequences available were observed.

PMID- 3840019
TI  - Computer-based modeling of biological systems which are inherently complex:
      problems, strategies, and methods.

PMID- 3840018
TI  - Primary structure of the telopeptide and a portion of the helical domain of
      chicken type II procollagen as determined by DNA sequence analysis.
AB  - A comparison of the nucleotide sequences of three new cDNA clones for chicken
      type II procollagen with the sequences of the other three types of chicken
      fibrillar procollagens reveals that the most conserved regions correlate with the
      positions of hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, cysteine and lysine residues. On the
      basis of replacement-site-divergence calculations it is concluded that alpha
      1(II) and alpha 1(I) procollagens diverged later than alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I)
      procollagens.

PMID- 3840020
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone for human aldolase: a messenger RNA in the
      liver.
AB  - Nearly complete cDNA clones for human aldolase A mRNA were isolated from human
      liver cDNA library and the nucleotide sequence determined. Using the cDNA clone
      as a probe the length of human aldolase A mRNAs, isolated from the skeletal
      muscle, liver and placenta tissues, was measured by RNA blotting and estimated to
      be 1,600 nucleotides for skeletal muscle mRNA and 1,700 nucleotides for both the
      liver and placenta mRNAs, indicating that different species of mRNA coding for
      human aldolase A were expressed in the different tissues.

PMID- 3840021
TI  - Studies on the fluorescence labeling of human red blood cell membrane ghosts with
      4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide.
AB  - 4'-(9-Acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (mAMSA) interacts with red cell
      membranes, resulting in the formation of fluorescent protein adducts. The mAMSA
      membrane protein adducts exhibited an emission fluorescence maximum at 445 nm,
      with two shoulders at approximately 425 and 470 nm. The major labeled proteins
      were identified as spectrins 1 and 2 and bands 3, 4.1, 4.2 and 5. The
      fluorescence intensity increased with increasing mAMSA concentrations (0.03 to
      1.5 mM), time (15-120 min), and temperature of the reaction. Results from sodium
      dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis show that mAMSA caused no detectable change
      in the molecular weight of membrane proteins. This indicates that mAMSA is a
      monofunctional, noncrosslinking agent. Other acridine analogs, 9-aminoacridine
      and acridine, did not fluorescently label membrane proteins, suggesting that the
      presence of the acridine nucleus is not sufficient for labeling. Addition of 2
      mercaptoethanol to the mAMSA-membrane reaction mixtures reversed the fluorescence
      labeling. Furthermore, pretreatment of membrane proteins with N-ethylmaleimide or
      iodoacetamide prevented the formation of fluorescent mAMSA-membrane protein
      adducts. These data suggest that mAMSA interacts with sulfhydryl groups of the
      membrane proteins. When the membrane sulfhydryl groups were assayed by labeling
      with N-[ethyl-2-3H]ethylmaleimide, it was shown that the accessible membrane
      sulfhydryl groups were reduced after the mAMSA treatment. The above results
      suggest that mAMSA covalently binds to the sulfhydryl groups in the red cell
      membrane, with the production of fluorescent mAMSA-protein adducts.

PMID- 3840022
TI  - Initial mechanistic studies with merbarone (NSC 336628).

PMID- 3840023
TI  - [Synthesis of igercine--the C-terminal nonapeptide from human immunoglobulin E].
AB  - Conventional methods of peptide chemistry have been used to synthesize the C
      terminal nonapeptide from human immunoglobulin E, which is a potential cytophilic
      binding site of the IgE molecule responsible for its primary recognition and
      binding to specific target cell receptors.

PMID- 3840024
TI  - [Histological changes after chemotherapy of soft tissue sarcomas in the adult].
AB  - The variations of histologic patterns inside the primary tumor have been studied
      in 15 patients with locally advanced soft tissue sarcomas who were given
      induction (neo adjuvant) chemotherapy. Increase of tumor necrosis and decrease of
      tumor cellularity were the predominant aspects identified. The mitosis count tend
      to be lower, while the nuclear atypies and the number of giant malignant cells
      tend to increase. In 2 cases, a better tumor differentiation, attributable to the
      induction chemotherapy was noted. In 10/15 cases, it was concluded to a
      tumoricidal effect of the chemotherapy. According to tumor grade, 6 among 10
      patients with grade III tumor presented a histological response (greater than 50
      p. cent of tumor destruction) while none among 5 lesions of grade I or II
      exhibited a response of such a level. So, the histological study allows an
      evaluation of the response to chemotherapy which usefully completes the clinical
      appreciation, and that may be useful for the selection of postoperative adjuvant
      treatment, as it is in osteosarcomas.

PMID- 3840025
TI  - Abnormal OKT4/OKT8 ratio and deranged capping in ataxia-telangiectasia.
AB  - Two sisters with ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) and their parents were investigated
      for some parameters related to immunological functions. We found a decrease of
      total mature T lymphocytes, a decrease of OKT4+ helper-inducer T subset, and
      normal values of OKT8+ suppressor-cytotoxic T subset; a normal decrease of E
      rosette formation after incubation in vitro with theophylline, with a lowered E
      rosette capacity in one patient. The responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA)and
      concanavalin A (ConA) were lowered. In addition we observed a reduction of basal
      capping of B lymphocytes in one patient and in her parents: this phenomenon could
      be related to cytoskeletal disorders, possibly involved in the pathogenesis of
      the disease.

PMID- 3840026
TI  - No prognostic value of thyroid autoantibodies changes during and after
      methimazole therapy in patients with Graves' disease.

PMID- 3840027
TI  - Respiratory problems after atropine and neostigmine in dogs.

PMID- 3840028
TI  - Clinically significant sucralfate-warfarin interaction is not likely.

PMID- 3840029
TI  - The effects of sucralfate upon phenytoin absorption in man.
AB  - The possible influence of sucralfate on phenytoin absorption was investigated in
      a double-blind, placebo controlled study. Concomitant administration of 1 g
      sucralfate reduced the absorption of 300 mg phenytoin capsules by 20% as measured
      by the area under the curve from 0-48 h. This could be of significance in
      epileptic patients stabilised on phenytoin in whom sucralfate is used in ulcer
      treatment.

PMID- 3840031
TI  - Do pregnant women need zinc supplements?

PMID- 3840030
TI  - Primary gastric lymphoma--the experience of a general hospital.
AB  - We analysed 29 consecutive cases of primary gastric lymphoma (20 men and 9 women)
      treated in our unit between January 1977 and May 1983. Median age was 55 years.
      Abdominal pain and weight loss were the main presenting symptoms while there was
      no palpable disease in the majority of cases. Upper gastrointestinal radiology
      was abnormal, but not diagnostic, in all cases. Endoscopy with multiple biopsies
      was performed in 22 cases; carcinoma was diagnosed in 11, lymphoma in 8 while no
      diagnosis was made in 3 cases. Twenty six patients underwent laparotomy.
      Gastrectomy was performed in twenty while the tumour was unresectable in six.
      Histology was reported as diffuse in 28 cases (16 histiocytic, 8 lymphocytic and
      4 mixed) and nodular (lymphocytic) in one. All our patients received
      multichemotherapy. Complete remission after 6 courses was documented in 18
      patients (62%). Neither perforation nor gastrointestinal bleeding was a problem
      in our series. Eighty four per cent complete responders are predicted to be alive
      at 4 years. Advanced stage (II2B and IV) and tumour size greater than 10 cm
      adversely influenced survival. We suggest that in limited primary gastric
      lymphoma an attempt at 'curative' surgery combined with multichemotherapy
      currently gives very promising results.

PMID- 3840032
TI  - Zinc and copper in Asian pregnancies--is there evidence for a nutritional
      deficiency?
AB  - In 92 Hindu Asians, 59% of them vegetarian, and 51 Europeans longitudinal
      measurements were made during pregnancy of the zinc and copper concentrations in
      plasma and hair together with urinary zinc excretion, as indices of their zinc
      and copper status. Maternal diets were assessed once at booking. Zinc intakes
      ranged from 3.1 to 16.9 mg/day, with average intakes least in vegetarian Hindus
      and most in Europeans. Average copper intakes ranged between 1.48 and 1.80 mg/day
      and were similar in the three patient groups. Both ethnic groups showed the
      pregnancy-associated fall in the plasma concentration of zinc and rise in that of
      copper but throughout the study Hindus had statistically significant lower levels
      of zinc and higher levels of copper than Europeans. Urinary zinc excretion was
      not only significantly lower throughout the study in Hindus than in Europeans but
      the increase in excretion which occurred after 20 weeks gestation was smaller.
      There were no ethnic differences in the zinc content of hair. Urinary zinc
      excretion correlated with both plasma zinc levels and dietary zinc. Mean
      birthweight in the Hindus was 2912 g and 34% of infants were below the 10th
      centile, using the Aberdeen standards, compared with 6% of the European babies
      (mean birthweight 3349 g). No association was found between crude or adjusted
      birthweight and any of the measures of zinc or copper status in either ethnic
      group. The Hindus had an apparently lower average zinc status than the Europeans,
      but there was no evidence that this had acted as a nutritional constraint and was
      the cause of their slower rate of intrauterine growth.

PMID- 3840033
TI  - Limited proteolysis of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase.
AB  - Myosin light chain kinase plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle
      contraction. The activity of this enzyme is controlled by protein-protein
      interaction (the Ca2+-dependent binding of calmodulin) and by phosphorylation
      catalyzed by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The effects of these two regulatory
      mechanisms on the conformation of myosin light chain kinase and the locations of
      the phosphorylation sites, the calmodulin-binding site, and the active site have
      been probed by limited proteolysis. Phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated myosin
      light chain kinases were subjected to limited digestion by four proteases having
      different peptide bond specificities (trypsin, chymotrypsin, Staphylococcus
      aureus V8 protease, and thrombin), both in the presence and in the absence of
      bound calmodulin. The digests were compared in terms of gel electrophoretic
      pattern, distribution of phosphorylation sites, and Ca2+ dependence of kinase
      activity. A 24 500-dalton chymotryptic peptide containing both sites of
      phosphorylation was purified and tentatively identified as the amino-terminal
      peptide. The following conclusions can be drawn: neither phosphorylation nor
      calmodulin binding induces dramatic changes in the conformation of the kinase;
      the kinase contains two regions that are particularly susceptible to proteolytic
      cleavage, one located approximately 25 000 daltons from the amino terminus and
      the other near the center of the molecule; the two phosphorylation sites are
      located within 24 500 (probably 17 500) daltons of the amino terminus; the active
      site is located close to the center of the molecule; the calmodulin-binding site
      is located in the amino-terminal half of the molecule, between the sites of
      phosphorylation and the active site, and this region is very susceptible to
      cleavage by trypsin.

PMID- 3840034
TI  - Apolipoprotein E gene mapping and expression: localization of the structural gene
      to human chromosome 19 and expression of ApoE mRNA in lipoprotein- and non
      lipoprotein-producing tissues.
AB  - Apolipoprotein E (apoE) binds to specific cell-surface receptors and appears to
      be an important determinant in lipoprotein metabolism in man. Cloned human apoE
      cDNA (pAE155) was used as a probe in chromosome mapping studies to detect the
      structural gene sequences in human--Chinese hamster cell hybrids. Southern blot
      analysis of HincII-digested DNAs from 13 hybrids localized the gene to human
      chromosome 19. This observation indicates that apoE is syntenic to at least two
      other genes related to lipid metabolism, those for the low-density lipoprotein
      (LDL) receptor (the LDLR) and apoC-II. The cloned apoE cDNA was further used to
      detect the presence of apoE mRNA in RNA extracts of various human and baboon
      tissues. Northern gel analysis using the 32P-labeled pAE155 as a probe
      demonstrated the presence of hybridizable apoE mRNAs in human liver and in baboon
      liver, intestine, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, and brain but not in baboon
      skeletal muscle. The apoE mRNAs appear to be intact and migrate on an agarose gel
      under denaturing conditions at approximately 18 S. To assay for the biological
      activity of the apoE mRNAs in these tissues, they were translated in a
      reticulocyte lysate system in vitro. Immunoprecipitation with an apoE-specific
      antiserum followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and fluorography
      demonstrated that immunoreactive apoE with the expected apparent size was a
      product of translation of mRNAs from baboon liver, intestine, kidney, spleen, and
      brain but not that from baboon skeletal muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3840035
TI  - Oxidation of biological membranes and its inhibition. Free radical chain
      oxidation of erythrocyte ghost membranes by oxygen.
AB  - The oxidation of human and rat erythrocyte ghost membranes by molecular oxygen
      has been performed in an aqueous suspension at 37 degrees C. A constant rate of
      oxygen uptake was observed in the presence of radical initiator. alpha-Tocopherol
      in the membrane suppressed the oxidation and the induction period was clearly
      observed. alpha-Tocopherol decreased linearly during the induction period and
      when it was depleted the induction period was over and a rapid oxidation started.
      The rate of oxidation was proportional to the square root of the rate of initial
      radical generation. The kinetic chain length, the ratio of the rate of
      propagation to that of initiation, was long, ranging from 7 to 100. These results
      indicate that the erythrocyte ghost membranes are oxidized by a free radical
      chain mechanism by molecular oxygen. Among the fatty acids of membrane lipids,
      polyunsaturated fatty acids were oxidized exclusively. Proteins as well as
      polyunsaturated fatty acids were oxidized and the formation of the high- and low
      molecular-weight proteins and the decrease of protein bands were observed on gel
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 3840036
TI  - Further characterization of 3'-isothiocyanatobenzamido[3H]cholate binding to
      hepatocytes. Correlation with bile acid transport inhibition and protection by
      substrates and inhibitors.
AB  - Binding of 3'-isothiocyanatobenzamido[3H]cholate ([3H]IBCA) to hepatocytes
      correlates to its efficacy in inhibiting cholate uptake in isolated hepatocytes.
      The correlation is linear up to 20 microM [3H]IBCA. Labeling of polypeptides is
      proportional to the degree of inhibition particularly for a protein of molecular
      weight 50 000. Transported substrates, competitive and non-competitive inhibitors
      of cholate transport protect against IBCA inhibition. Additionally binding of
      [3H]IBCA to isolated plasma membranes is prevented by the same substrates and
      inhibitors of the cholate transport system. The prevention is achieved by
      taurocholate, iopodate, iodipamide, furosemide, BSP, cyclosporin A, and
      somatostatin analogs. Protection is correlated to the degree of transport
      inhibition and depends on the hydrophobicity of the compounds. Other inhibitors
      known to destroy the driving forces such as valinomycin do not protect membrane
      proteins against coupling with IBCA. Silybin, which preferentially alters
      membrane fluidity, has little effect on the labeling. The above results give
      further evidence that IBCA, when applied in concentrations below 20 microM, is a
      suitable label for the hepatocellular bile salt transporter.

PMID- 3840037
TI  - Purification and resolution of NADH diaphorase activity from NADPH diaphorase
      linked: O2 oxidoreductase activity of human neutrophils.
AB  - Intrinsic NADPH diaphorase activity is a component of the membrane-bound
      NAD(P)H:O2 oxidoreductase of human neutrophils. NADH-specific diaphorase activity
      is also present in membrane fractions rich in oxidoreductase activity. Studies
      were undertaken to determine whether the NADH diaphorase might also be intrinsic
      to the oxidoreductase. The latter diaphorase was freed from the membrane by
      detergent extraction and partially purified approximately 80-fold. Its apparent
      molecular weight following solubilization in deoxycholate and Tween-20 was 204
      000 +/- 10 000. The specific activity of the partially purified diaphorase with
      ferricyanide as electron acceptor was 7.6 X 10(3) mU/mg protein, its pH optimum
      was 7.0, and its Km for NADH was 13 microM. It is completely devoid of NADPH
      diaphorase activity, lacks the capacity to reduce molecular oxygen, yet readily
      reduces ferricyanide, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol and ferricytochrome c. Whereas
      the NADH diaphorase was freed from the particulate fraction of cell lysates by
      extraction in 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.6) made up in 15% glycerol and 0.5%
      Tween-20, NADPH-dependent diaphorase and superoxide-generating activities also
      present in the membrane were not. These observations make it unlikely that the
      principal membrane-bound NADH diaphorase found in human neutrophils is a
      component of the NAD(P)H:O2 oxidoreductase, despite its common association in the
      same particulate fraction of cell lysates.

PMID- 3840038
TI  - Slow- and tight-binding inhibition of aspartate aminotransferase by L
      hydrazinosuccinate.
AB  - The inhibition of aspartate aminotransferase (L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate
      aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1) by L-hydrazinosuccinate has been studied. The
      velocity of the enzyme reaction decreased with time when the reaction was
      initiated by the addition of enzyme to a mixture of the assay components and L
      hydrazinosuccinate, while it increased slowly from a low level when a
      preincubated mixture of the enzyme and the inhibitor was added to the reaction
      mixture to initiate the reaction. Nearly 50% decrease in the initial reaction
      velocity was produced by a prolonged preincubation of the enzyme with the
      inhibitor, both at low concentrations of about 2 nM. These findings indicate that
      the inhibition is of the slow- and tight-binding type. The time-course of the
      reaction of the enzyme and the inhibitor, examined by the change in activity, was
      not in accord with single-step mechanisms, but rather appeared to follow biphasic
      kinetics. The inhibition could be fully reversed only in the presence of L
      cysteine sulfinate or large excess of L-aspartate to convert the regenerated
      enzyme to its pyridoxamine form. The time-course of the reversal followed pseudo
      first-order kinetics. Quantitative analysis of the experimental data has shown
      that the results are consistent with a mechanism of enzyme-inhibitor interaction
      which involves a reaction of two consecutive, reversible steps. The overall
      inhibition constant for L-hydrazinosuccinate was calculated to be approx. 0.2 nM.

PMID- 3840039
TI  - Hb Doha or alpha 2 beta 2[X-N-Met-1(NA1)Val----Glu]; a new beta-chain abnormal
      hemoglobin observed in a Qatari female.
AB  - Structural analysis of a fast-moving hemoglobin variant, present in three members
      of a Qatari family, identified a Val----Glu substitution at position 1 (NA1) of
      the beta-chain. The introduction of this glutamic acid residue prevents the
      removal of the initiator methionine, thus extending the N-terminus by one residue
      to Met-Glu-His-Leu-Thr-. The methionine residue is blocked by an as yet not
      completely identified molecule. The presence of the variant in a heterozygote
      does not have clinical consequences.

PMID- 3840040
TI  - Computer simulation for hormones related to primary thyropathy.
AB  - We propose a mathematical model of the human hypothalamus-anterior pituitary
      thyroid system regulating basal metabolism, and practice computer simulation
      concerning primary thyropathy such as Graves' disease, hypothyroidism, T4
      toxicosis and T3-toxicosis by use of this model. In order to throw light on
      properties of the system, indicial responses of the hormones, T4, T3, rT3, and
      TSH, and the function of the thyroid gland are computed. Medical treatments for
      Graves' disease and for hypothyroidism are simulated with a view to enhancing
      clinical significance. Performance of the simulation leads to an interesting
      result that when the convertion rate of blood T4 to blood T3 increases, explicit
      T3-toxicosis occurs, although the function of the thyroid gland is normal.

PMID- 3840041
TI  - Molecular dynamics of myoglobin at 298 degrees K. Results from a 300-ps computer
      simulation.
AB  - We have carried out a very long (300 ps) molecular dynamics simulation of the
      protein myoglobin. This trajectory is approximately three times longer than the
      longest previous molecular dynamics simulation of a protein, and ten times longer
      than protein simulations of comparable size (1,423 atoms in our model). Here we
      report results from this long simulation concerning the average structure, the
      mean square fluctuations of atoms about the average structure, and the nuclear
      magnetic resonance order parameters for various groups in myoglobin. The results
      demonstrate that the average coordinates change very slowly during the
      simulation. The relative atomic mobilities are well described by the simulation.
      For both the mean square atomic fluctuations and the order parameters, however,
      there are significant quantitative differences when values calculated using
      shorter portions of the trajectory are compared with results obtained for the
      entire 300-ps simulation. The implications of this result for obtaining converged
      properties from protein molecular dynamics simulations for comparison with
      experiment are discussed.

PMID- 3840042
TI  - Gastrointestinal bioavailability: determination of in vivo release profiles of
      solid oral dosage forms by deconvolution.

PMID- 3840043
TI  - Retrospective diagnoses of previously missed syndromic disorders among 1,000
      patients with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both.

PMID- 3840044
TI  - Acetylcholine acts on m2-muscarinic receptors to excite rat locus coeruleus
      neurones.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were made from neurones of the rat locus coeruleus in
      vitro. Acetylcholine increased the firing rate by depolarizing the membrane; both
      muscarinic and nicotinic antagonists partially reduced this effect. In
      hexamethonium, pirenzepine shifted the acetylcholine dose-response curve to the
      right with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 200 nM, indicating an
      interaction with a m2-type of muscarinic receptor.

PMID- 3840045
TI  - Irritability: definition, assessment and associated factors.
AB  - The heading of 'Irritable Mood' was introduced into the Index Medicus in 1985 and
      it is noted that this term is frequently used but seldom defined. It is therefore
      important that a consensus is reached concerning its definition in the context of
      psychopathology and a definition is offered. It seems important to distinguish
      irritable mood and its outward manifestations from violently assaultive behaviour
      although there may be a continuum of disturbance from mildly to severely
      disordered behaviour. Irritability has so far not attracted much attention from
      clinicians and yet it is a common mood associated with many psychiatric and non
      psychiatric conditions. Severe irritability may cause considerable distress both
      to the patient, his associates and sometimes also those attempting to treat or
      otherwise help him. It may overshadow other symptoms and the correct diagnosis
      and management may be missed. The validity and reliability of a convenient self
      assessment scale is re-examined in the light of further data. Data from previous
      studies in the context of mood disorders suggests that irritability is a mood
      state which is independent of the other major moods of depression and anxiety;
      the severity of irritability probably has an inverse correlation with age. The
      most important associated factors are listed in order to inform researchers of
      the possible methodological pitfalls.

PMID- 3840046
TI  - Spinal mechanisms of the analgesic action of electroconvulsive shock.
AB  - The present study investigated the spinal systems involved in the analgesic
      action of electroconvulsive shock (ECS). To identify such systems complete spinal
      transections and discrete lesions within the dorsal half of the spinal cord were
      performed. Complete spinal transection eliminated ECS analgesia totally,
      demonstrating that the observed analgesic effect is attributable to neural
      conduction. Lesions within the region of the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) caused
      a pronounced, but incomplete, attenuation of ECS analgesia. Larger lesions of the
      dorsal aspects of the spinal cord including both the DLF and the dorsal column
      area did not result in further attenuation of analgesia. Thus, it appears that
      within the dorsal cord the area of the DLF contains the fibers mediating the
      antinociceptive action of ECS. Additional experiments were conducted to determine
      the neuromediators involved in ECS analgesia. Of a wide range of antagonists
      injected intraperitoneally (methysergide, phentolamine, haloperidol,
      diphenhydramine, naloxone, picrotoxin, theophylline and scopolamine), only
      methysergide produced a significant attenuation of ECS analgesia. In contrast,
      following intrathecal injections of antagonists a dose-related decrease of
      analgesia could be seen after the injections of methysergide, phentolamine and
      naloxone implicating spinal serotonin, noradrenaline and the enkephalins in the
      analgesic action of ECS. To assess further the interaction between the action of
      these neurotransmitter systems, we evaluated the effect of drug pair combinations
      on ECS analgesia. Intrathecal phentolamine + naloxone, methysergide + naloxone
      and methysergide + phentolamine were injected at doses that caused maximal
      attenuation of analgesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3840047
TI  - Peptide YY (PYY), a potent orexigenic agent.
AB  - Peptide YY (PYY) enhances feeding and drinking more potently than does
      neuropeptide Y after central administration. Chronic administration of PYY every
      6 h for 48 h causes massive food ingestion. Tolerance to this effect of PYY does
      not appear to develop. This data suggests that PYY is one of the most potent
      orexigenic substances yet to be identified. PYY may play a role in the
      pathogenesis of bulimic syndromes.

PMID- 3840048
TI  - Lesion of the temporo-ammonic perforant path facilitates self-stimulation of the
      lateral entorhinal cortex in mice.
AB  - The effect of a lesion of the perforant path (PP) on self-stimulation (SS) of the
      lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) was tested in mice between 8 and 21 days after
      surgery. The current intensities tested ranged between 0 and 80 microA (peak to
      peak 100 Hz sine-wave). The PP lesion led to a two-fold increase in SS rates at
      intensities above 30 microA without affecting the baseline SS rates (0 microA)
      and SS threshold (30 microA). The lesion also led to a significant increase in
      LEC after-discharge (AD) threshold and eliminated behavioral convulsions during
      SS testing. The suppression of AD by i.p. Na phenobarbital injection (10 mg/kg)
      led to a similar increase in SS rates in sham-lesioned mice; there was no
      difference in PP-lesioned animals. These results might be interpreted as evidence
      in favor of an independence of the neuronal processes mediating entorhinal and
      hippocampal reward-related behaviors.

PMID- 3840049
TI  - Transport of molecules from nose to brain: transneuronal anterograde and
      retrograde labeling in the rat olfactory system by wheat germ agglutinin
      horseradish peroxidase applied to the nasal epithelium.
AB  - Transneuronal anterograde labeling with the conjugate wheat germ agglutinin
      horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) has been documented in the mammalian and
      immature avian visual system [6,14]. Transneuronal retrograde labeling was
      significant only in the chick [6]. The present study was performed to determine
      whether transneuronal labeling could be shown in the mammalian olfactory system,
      whether the phenomenon was robust in adults, and whether transneuronal retrograde
      transport could label several transmitter-specific centrifugal afferent
      projections to the olfactory bulb. In addition we wished to learn whether
      molecules that enter the nasal cavity can undergo transport to brain neurons.
      Gelfoam implants soaked with 1% WGA-HRP, surgically implanted into the nasal
      cavity, produced transneuronal labeling patterns that affirmed all of these
      questions. Transneuronal anterograde transport labeled the appropriate zones in
      the olfactory bulb and in all second order olfactory targets. In addition, there
      was transneuronal retrograde labeling of neurons in the olfactory bulb, anterior
      olfactory nucleus and in transmitter-specific projection neurons from the
      diagonal band (cholinergic), raphe (serotonergic) and locus coeruleus
      (noradrenergic). Transneuronal labeling was robust and consistent. The patterns
      of labeling indicated that transneuronal anterograde and retrograde transport
      occurred along known, specific circuits in the olfactory system. The present
      results suggest that nasal epithelial application of WGA-HRP may be a useful tool
      for assessing regeneration of primary olfactory neurons and the status of central
      circuitry following regeneration. The method should also facilitate the study of
      central olfactory connections after surgical or genetic lesions of the olfactory
      bulb. Finally, these experiments suggest the possibility that inhaled molecules
      including, possibly substances of abuse, may be transported to, and, possibly,
      influence the function of neurons in the brain, including some (diagonal band,
      raphe, locus coeruleus) which have extensive projections to wide areas of the
      CNS.

PMID- 3840050
TI  - [Complications of gonorrheal infection in material from the Dermatology
      Department of the District Institute of the National Health Hospital in Svidnik].

PMID- 3840051
TI  - Activation of folypolyglutamate synthetase by pteroic acid.
AB  - The glutamylation of methotrexate catalyzed by beef liver folypolyglutamate
      synthetase (FPGS) is activated by addition of pteroic acid. Pteroic acid causes
      greater stimulation of FPGS, including glutamylation of tetrahydrofolate, at
      neutral pH values (i.e., below the pH optimum of 8.4). We have attributed this
      activation to a conformational change of FPGS induced by pteroic acid.

PMID- 3840052
TI  - Chromosomol DNA fragments from mouse cells exposed to an intercalating agent
      contain a 175-kdalton terminal polypeptide.
AB  - A 175 kdalton (kDa) polypeptide is bound covalently to the chromosomal DNA
      fragments from mouse cells exposed to the intercalating agent 4'-[(9-acridinyl)
      amino]methansulphon-m-anisidide. Electron microscopy shows a terminal protein on
      the DNA fragments, whose 5'-termini are blocked. Since the relative molecular
      mass of topoisomerase II polypeptide chains is also about 175 kDa and
      topoisomerase II inhibitors prevent intercalator-induced DNA fragmentation, we
      propose that the polypeptide bound covalently to the 5'-terminus of the DNA
      fragments is a polypeptide derived from frequently integrated topoisomerase II
      operating to normalize torsional stress resulting from intercalation.

PMID- 3840053
TI  - A survey of sheep diseases in Canada.
AB  - A mail survey of disease occurrence in Canadian sheep flocks was conducted. The
      survey, which covered the period from September 1982 to August 1983, utilized
      flocks on the Record of Performance (ROP) sheep program and relatively complete
      data were available from 116 flocks. Data about lambing rates, incidence of a
      variety of lamb and ewe diseases and reasons for culling were obtained. At the
      same time a retrospective evaluation of records of diagnoses of sheep diseases
      recorded at diagnostic laboratories across the country was performed. Data from
      the years 1978 to 1982 were obtained and summarized. A lambing percentage of 153%
      (1.53 lambs live born per ewe lambing) was observed and an additional 0.05 lambs
      were stillborn. The major identified causes of mortality amongst lambs were
      starvation, pneumonia, scours and accidents. Pasteurella spp. were the
      etiological agents most commonly associated with pneumonia in lambs and
      Escherichia coli had the same predominant position with regards to nonparasitic
      scours. A large discrepancy existed between the proportional mortality rates for
      internal parasites and coccidiosis as determined from the farm survey data
      compared to diagnostic laboratory data. This suggests that clinical parasitism
      may not be adequately recognized at the farm level. Abortions in ewes occurred in
      approximately half the flocks, but generally at a low level and no severe
      abortion storms occurred. Pneumonia was the most commonly identified cause of
      mortality in ewes and although Pasteurella spp. appear to be the most important
      etiological agents, regional differences were apparent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3840054
TI  - Effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the relative contributions of skeletal 45Ca and
      intestinal 40Ca to blood calcium in normal and thyroparathyroidectomized dogs.
AB  - The effects of gradually increasing doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 on plasma calcium and
      45Ca radioactivity were studied in young dogs that had been extensively
      prelabelled with 45Ca. The effects of orally and intravenously administered
      1,25(OH)2D3 were evaluated in normal and thyroparathyroidectomized dogs fed a
      normal diet. In normal dogs when 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the plasma calcium within
      the normal range (2.9-3.1 mmol/L) there was no significant increase in plasma
      45Ca. In thyroparathyroidectomized dogs, oral or intravenous 1,25(OH)2D3
      increased the low blood calcium to a normal level (1.8-2.9 mmol/L) without
      significantly increasing plasma 45Ca. In normal and thyroparathyroidectomized
      dogs, any 1,25(OH)2D3-induced increase in plasma calcium above the normal range
      was associated with a significant increase in 45Ca, indicating mobilization of
      bone calcium. Intravenous administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the normal or
      thyroparathyroidectomized dogs had a much larger effect than oral doses in
      mobilizing bone 45Ca when inducing a similar level of hypercalcemia. The major
      physiological effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the low or normal range of plasma calcium
      is on intestinal absorption of calcium without a significant effect on mobilizing
      bone calcium. The pharmacological effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 in vivo is to mobilize
      bone calcium as well as dietary calcium into blood.

PMID- 3840055
TI  - Analgesia and autonomic function following intrathecal administration of morphine
      and norepinephrine to the rat.
AB  - The acute intrathecal (i.t.) administration of 10, 25, 50, and 100 microgram
      morphine and 7.5, 10, 15, and 30 microgram (-)norepinephrine (NE) to the rat
      produced dose-dependent, long-lasting analgesia as assessed by the tail-flick and
      hot-plate tests. For i.t. morphine, maximum analgesia was observed 30-60 min
      after drug administration. The duration of analgesia in the tail-flick test
      ranged from 30 to 150 min; the duration of analgesia in the hot-plate test ranged
      from 60 to 120 min. For i.t. NE, maximum analgesia was observed 15-60 min after
      drug infusion. The duration of NE-induced analgesia in the hot-plate test ranged
      from 45 to 120 min and was 120 min in the tail-flick test. The effects of acute
      i.t. and intravenous (i.v.) infusions of morphine (10 microgram) and NE (15
      microgram) on heart rate, blood pressure, arterial pH, partial pressure of oxygen
      (Po2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2), and standard bicarbonate were
      determined over 45 min in rats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose (70 mg/kg).
      Morphine significantly decreased Po2 throughout the experiment but did not affect
      blood pressure, heart rate, pH, Pco2 and standard bicarbonate. A significant
      increase in blood pressure (137% of control) was observed 2.5 min after i.t.
      administration of NE. Intravenous NE produced a marked increase in blood pressure
      (246% of control) followed by a compensatory decrease in heart rate. There were
      no significant changes in blood gases with i.t. and i.v. NE. The data suggest
      that i.t. morphine and NE can produce effective analgesia with minimal effects on
      cardiovascular and respiratory function.

PMID- 3840056
TI  - [Is there a relation between prolactin and vitamin D?].

PMID- 3840057
TI  - [Hypoxic changes in the germinative subventricular layer of the brain in
      neonates].
AB  - The subventricular layer changes were studied in 125 brains of neonates weighing
      800-3 500 g. A hypoxic encephalopathy without haemorrhage was found in 35% (basic
      group), negative finding was in 40% (control group); cases with ventricular and
      periventricular haematomas (24%) were omitted. In the basic group, 47% of cases
      showed subventricular layer changes. The changes occurring always combined with a
      hypoxic lesion of the white matter are to be taken for hypoxic ones as well. The
      changes were evaluated and classified into 4 descriptive findings. Cytoplasmic
      swelling of astroglia, rarefaction and focal as well as big irregular necroses of
      the subventricular layer. Acute hypoxic subventricular layer changes were
      discussed in connection with residual states.

PMID- 3840058
TI  - Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of 2-iodoadenosine with terminal alkynes:
      synthesis and biological activities of 2-alkynyladenosines.

PMID- 3840059
TI  - Mutagenicity of nitrofluoranthenes, 3-aminofluoranthene and 1-nitropyrene in
      Chinese hamster V79 cells.
AB  - 1-Nitropyrene (1-NO2Py), 3-nitrofluoranthene (3-NO2Ft), 3-aminofluoranthene (3
      NH2Ft) and 8-nitrofluoranthene (8-NO2Ft) were tested for mutagenicity in cultured
      Chinese hamster V79 cells. Mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl
      transferase (HGPRT) gene locus were quantified. 1-NO2Py had marginal direct
      acting mutagenicity which was enhanced by a mixture of Aroclor 1254- and 1242
      induced liver homogenates (S9) in the treatment medium. 1-NO2Py was more
      mutagenic with S9 activation than 3-NO2Ft, 3-NH2Ft or 8-NO2Ft. However, 8-NO2Ft,
      3-NO2Ft and 3-NH2Ft were more mutagenic than 1-NO2Py when a post-microsomal liver
      supernatant (S100) was used for metabolic activation. The results of these
      investigations strongly support activation of some nitrated polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons to proximate mutagens by a sequence of reductions and possible
      formation of polycyclic aromatic hydroxylamines.

PMID- 3840060
TI  - Comparison of arsenic-induced cell transformation, cytotoxicity, mutation and
      cytogenetic effects in Syrian hamster embryo cells in culture.
AB  - Sodium arsenite and sodium arsenate were observed to induce morphological
      transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells in a dose-dependent manner. A
      linear dose-dependence with a slope of approximately 1 was observed with both
      compounds when the data were plotted on a log-log graph. The trivalent sodium
      arsenite was greater than 10-fold more potent than the pentavalent sodium
      arsenate. The compounds also exhibited toxicity; however, transformation was
      observed at non-toxic as well as toxic doses. At low doses, enhanced colony
      forming efficiency of the cells was observed. To understand the mechanism of
      arsenic-induced transformation, the genetic effects of the two arsenicals were
      examined over the same doses that induced transformation. No arsenic-induced gene
      mutations were detected at two genetic loci. However, cell transformation and
      cytogenetic effects, including endoreduplication, chromosome aberrations, and
      sister chromatid exchanges were induced by the arsenicals with similar dose
      responses. These results support a possible role for chromosomal changes in
      arsenic-induced transformation.

PMID- 3840061
TI  - Identification and quantification of 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo- [4,5
      f]quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx) in beef extract.
AB  - 2-Amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx) was found in
      bacteriological-grade beef extract by liquid chromatographies with
      electrochemical detection and a photodiode array detector. 4,8-DiMeIQx was
      estimated to be present at a level of 10.0 ng per g of beef extract, and to
      account for 9% of the total mutagenicity of the extract.

PMID- 3840062
TI  - A case of partial deficiency of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin.
AB  - A 20-year-old woman, admitted to a neurological ward with a diagnosis of benign
      intracranial hypertension, was found on specific protein electroimmunoassay to
      have a consistently decreased concentration of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in her
      plasma. Serum from her father showed the same result. Further investigation of
      her family demonstrated that this partial deficiency was transmitted in an
      autosomal dominant fashion and was not associated with any obvious specific
      clinical abnormalities.

PMID- 3840063
TI  - Vitamin K1 in the newborn.
AB  - By a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method it was possible to
      measure vitamin K1 concentrations in mothers and their newborn children, even at
      a level of 0.5 nmol/l. All neonates were born after an uncomplicated and full
      term pregnancy. The vitamin K1 concentration in neonates proved to be about half
      the value of their mothers, which is consistent with earlier studies of vitamin
      K1 dependent clotting factors. One may assume the existence of a partial
      placental barrier to vitamin K1. Venous, arterial and mixed cord blood did not
      differ significantly, so puncturing the vena umbilicalis is sufficient to measure
      vitamin K1 concentrations in cord blood.

PMID- 3840064
TI  - Improved method of thyroid peroxidase extraction from the human thyroid gland.
AB  - This study describes a new method of solubilizing thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and
      partial purification of TPO from a small surgical specimen of human thyroid
      tissue. Graves' thyroid tissue was homogenized and centrifuged to obtain the 100
      000 X g pellet. To solubilize TPO from the 100 000 X g pellet protein, the
      following four detergents were used: Triton X-100, digitonin, sodium
      deoxycholate, and 3-[(3-choramidpropyl)-dimethylammonio] 1-propanesulfate
      (CHAPS). For some samples, two detergents were combined and trypsin was also
      used. The best solubilization of TPO activity was obtained from the combination
      of digitonin-CHAPS-trypsin treatment or deoxycholate-CHAPS-trypsin treatment. The
      solubilized crude TPO was then chromatographed on a Sephacryl S 300 column. The
      results of chromatography indicated that detergent treatment alone did not
      separate TPO from other membrane proteins and the addition of trypsin was
      required for separation of TPO. Sephacryl chromatography of detergent-trypsin
      solubilized TPO was suitable as an initial step for purification of TPO from a
      small human thyroid tissue.

PMID- 3840065
TI  - Effect of vasopressin blockade on blood pressure in conscious rats with malignant
      two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension.
AB  - The role of vasopressin (VP) in maintaining blood pressure in malignant two
      kidney one-clip Goldblatt hypertension in chronically catheterized conscious rats
      was investigated by studying the effect of two structurally different VP pressor
      antagonists. Injections of either 20 micrograms/kg of dPTyr(Me)AVP or 10
      micrograms/kg of d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP failed to alter mean arterial pressure or
      heart rate, although both antagonists completely inhibited the pressor response
      elicited by exogenous VP. These results suggest, that VP is not involved as a
      pressor hormone in the maintenance of high blood pressure in this type of
      experimental hypertension.

PMID- 3840066
TI  - The acute effects of acrivastine (BW825C), a new antihistamine, compared with
      triprolidine on measures of central nervous system performance and subjective
      effects.
AB  - The new H1-antagonist acrivastine (BW825C) in doses of 4, 8, and 16 mg was
      compared with triprolidine HCl (2.5 and 5 mg) in a double-blind crossover study
      in 12 subjects. Adaptive tracking performance 1.5 hours after dosing was impaired
      by triprolidine, 2.5 and 5 mg; the impairment was still detectable 3.5 hours
      after 5 mg. Acrivastine did not impair adaptive tracking after any of the doses.
      Triprolidine increased reaction times after 1.5 hours (2.5 and 5 mg) and 3 hours
      (5 mg), but acrivastine did not have any effect on reaction time at any dose.
      Both doses of triprolidine caused subjective central nervous system effects after
      1.5 hours, and triprolidine, 5 mg, still had some detectable effects on
      subjective rating scales after 3 hours. No subjective effects were noted after
      acrivastine. We conclude that acrivastine at doses causing more peripheral H1
      antagonism than triprolidine has considerably reduced central nervous system
      activity.

PMID- 3840067
TI  - ITA, a portable program for the interactive analysis of data from tracer
      experiments.
AB  - ITA is a portable program for analysing data from tracer experiments, most of the
      mathematical and graphical work being carried out by subroutines from the NAG and
      DASL libraries. The program can be used in batch or interactive mode, commands
      being typed in an English-like language, in free format. Data can be entered from
      a terminal keyboard or read from a file, and can be validated by printing or
      plotting them. Erroneous values can be corrected by appropriate editing. Analysis
      can involve elementary statistics, multiple-isotope crossover corrections,
      convolution or deconvolution, polyexponential curve-fitting, spline interpolation
      and/or compartmental analysis. On those installations with the appropriate
      hardware, high-resolution graphs can be drawn.

PMID- 3840068
TI  - Computerized calculation of in vitro generation of ATP and creatine phosphate
      induced by respiration in human muscle mitochondria.
AB  - A computer program is presented which calculates the action of adenylate kinase
      and creatine kinase during the process of adenosine-5'-triphosphate generation by
      the mitochondria in human skeletal muscle 600 X g supernatants. The results show
      that the mass action ratios of the two kinase reactions are not influenced by
      incubation time or decreased rate of oxidative phosphorylation as a result of
      mitochondrial dysfunction. The program is useful for establishing optimum initial
      adenosine-5'-diphosphate and creatine concentrations in the assay medium.

PMID- 3840069
TI  - A simple algorithm for defining the mean cardiac cycle of aortic flow and
      pressure during steady state.
AB  - A fast procedure for defining a cardiac cycle using simultaneously recorded and
      digitized aortic flow and pressure is presented. A simple algorithm, based on a
      double-threshold method, initially involves singling the dicrotic notch of flow
      in order to separate contiguous cardiac cycles during a given steady state. The
      individual cycles are carried back to a common origin of time, then they are
      normalized to the mean length and averaged. As a result of an averaging operation
      the algorithm gives a "mean cycle" of both pulsatile aortic pressure and flow. An
      "a posteriori" analysis of the noise components in the data has been carried out
      in order to justify the averaging operation. The "mean cycle" of aortic flow and
      pressure are suitable to be used as the input quantities of the automatic
      identification procedures recently assessed to estimate the parameters of simple
      models of the arterial input impedance. Our algorithm was defined and implemented
      as a FORTRAN program for a digital PDP 11/24 computer. This algorithm was tested
      by using pressure and flow data measured in the ascending aorta of dogs. About 26
      sec were necessary to select 10 cardiac cycles (each one being about 200 samples
      long) of both flow and pressure in sequences of 2500 samples per signal and to
      compute the respective "mean cycles." Total peripheral resistance, total arterial
      compliance, and aortic characteristic impedance were estimated by aid of the
      simple three-element windkessel model. The results obtained by our method of
      determining parameters on the "mean cycle" of aortic pressure and flow were
      compared to the results obtained by averaging the parameters determined on each
      heart cycle.

PMID- 3840070
TI  - A robust microcomputer routine for the identification of outlying and influential
      points in radioimmunoassay standard curves.
AB  - This paper describes a suite of robust logit-log optimization routines for the
      fitting of a linear relation to laboratory data. The microcomputer routines
      assign a weighting value to each data point corresponding to the relative
      importance of that point. This procedure ensures that the routines identify and
      deal with any outlying data points. The routines are designed to generate the
      results of both a standard, unweighted least-squares algorithm and a robust,
      weighted algorithm thus providing the laboratory analyst with invaluable
      information concerning the data and the fitted relation. The routines are
      thoroughly tested on "perfect" and perturbed laboratory data.

PMID- 3840071
TI  - Microcomputer-assisted data management in a case-comparison study.
AB  - A system of programs which process data on a microcomputer for a case/comparison
      study is described. The procedures process the data from the abstracted case
      source records, to control selection, interview data management, and the
      selection of data subsets for analysis. The capabilities of various data
      processing modules are outlined, and cost estimates of an existing implementation
      are discussed. The microcomputer is presented as an alternative to mainframe data
      management.

PMID- 3840072
TI  - Redox status and pulmonary vascular reactivity.
AB  - Oxygen radicals are produced during oxidative metabolism in proportion to the
      tissue oxygen tension. The studies reported here have shown that oxygen radicals
      or the sulfhydryl oxidant, diamide, caused pulmonary vasodilatation in the
      isolated perfused rat lung. Could oxygen radicals play a role in the physiologic
      control of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle tone?

PMID- 3840073
TI  - Prostaglandins and estradiol-induced attenuation of hypoxic pulmonary
      vasoconstriction.
AB  - Pretreatment with estradiol (20 mg IM) attenuated vasoreactivity to decreases in
      inspired PIO2, lowered baseline resistance measured under conditions of maximal
      vasodilation (PIO2 = 0 mm Hg), and appeared to increase prostaglandin release in
      isolated, blood-perfused lungs of juvenile female sheep. Indomethacin (40
      micrograms/ml) inhibited prostaglandin release and restored hypoxic
      vasoreactivity in estrogen-treated lungs, but did not alter the estrogen-induced
      decrease in baseline resistance. These results suggest that estradiol enhanced
      the production of prostaglandins which secondarily attenuated hypoxic
      vasoreactivity. The estradiol-induced decrease in baseline resistance, however,
      must have been mediated by some other mechanism.

PMID- 3840074
TI  - [Treatment of strabismus with focused prisms in 1984].
AB  - The use of prisms in treatment of strabismus not only varies according to the
      author involved but often, a same author will change his opinion on the subject
      as time goes by. In the first case aetiopathological conceptions and the finality
      of treatment differ, in the second case improved theoretical knowledge and new
      possibilities in examination techniques and treatment etc., come into play. For
      this latter reason we wish to give complementary information and generally revise
      the publication on the use of prisms published in 1973 (18). The revised version
      in no way invalidates the previous work, it brings it up to date and gives
      further information on the severe forms of strabismus which, at the time of the
      first publication, constituted the failure group. These severe forms (both
      lesional and functional), the percentage of which has mostly increased during the
      last 15 years, are probably a consequence of 'suffering' during either the foetal
      or neo-natal stage. It could be that this 'suffering' gives rise to a minute
      isolated lesion within the sub-cortical motor centres (microlesions as described
      by neuropaediatricians). In situation, there are intermediary forms and come
      between the organic oculomotor disturbances of the cerebral palsied child and the
      strictly functional strabismus of the child who is otherwise normal. We have
      modified and adapted our diagnoses and techniques in view of the multiplicity of
      such forms and their resistance to conventional therapy. A better understanding
      of the process responsible, use of more sensitive methods of exploration, a
      longer period of functional readaptation and new techniques (particularly surgery
      ) all have a part to play in the new therapy. Where operating is concerned
      changes apply to the time selected, technique and number of operations performed:
      two or three stages are necessary. We give a general view of the extreme variety
      of clinical forms of strabismus and their causes and then give diagnoses and
      outlines for therapy based on four different type-cases. Clinical facts indicate
      that in severe forms it is possible to obtained a cure (bifoveality) on condition
      that the sub-cortical organic damage is very slight and that the optomotor
      dysfunction (which is its consequence) can be inhibited through satisfactory
      cortical functioning. However, such treatment requires rigourous participation of
      both the family and the child over a period of years. Unfortunately this
      treatment is possible only in a small percentage of cases.

PMID- 3840075
TI  - Surgery in Graves disease and the nodular thyroid gland.

PMID- 3840076
TI  - [Oncological characteristics of C57Bl/6JY mice].
AB  - The oncological characteristic is presented for C57BL/6JY mice widely used in
      experiments. The mice over eighteen month had different spontaneous neoplasms
      among which hemoblastoses prevailed. The influence of sex, age and vaccination on
      the rate of spontaneous neoplasms in these mice is analyzed.

PMID- 3840077
TI  - [Change in the activity of tumor cell antigens as affected by treatment of the
      cells with the metabolic products of Bac. mesentericus AB-56].
AB  - Tumour cells (ascitic A/Sn mouse lymphosarcoma ON-2), treated by the Bac.
      mesentericus AB-56 metabolism products used for the production of antitumour
      autovaccines were analyzed for their antigenic properties. The reactions of
      precipitation in gel, zonal and oncoming immunoelectrophoresis, passive
      hemagglutination as well as cytotoxic, absorption and transplantation tests were
      used. A considerable number of soluble and insoluble antigens inherent in intact
      tumour cells were inactivated by the products of microbial metabolism in the
      process of antitumour vaccine production, and modified antigens which induce
      synthesis of humoral antibodies in the syngenic system appeared.

PMID- 3840078
TI  - Lactational amenorrhea in monkeys: effects of suckling on prolactin secretion.
AB  - To determine the acute and chronic effects of suckling on maternal PRL secretion
      in monkeys, five mother-infant pairs were studied longitudinally on days 40, 80,
      120, and 10 after weaning (day 160). Mothers were chronically cannulated and,
      during blood collections, wore protective nylon vests with mobile tethers.
      Studies were undertaken during the day and night with the mother and infant
      undisturbed, during the daytime, before and after the removal of the infant, and
      during the day and night before and after the reunion of mother and infant.
      Maternal PRL levels were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher at night than
      during the day in undisturbed mother-infant pairs. This nocturnal elevation was
      probably induced by a more intensive interaction of the mother and infant at
      night than during the day. Basal PRL concentrations in samples collected during
      these undisturbed settings significantly (P less than 0.05) declined as the
      postpartum interval continued. The removal of the infant did not perturb maternal
      PRL patterns. Typically, after reunion of mother and infant, maternal PRL levels
      were increased significantly (P less than 0.05), reaching maximal levels
      approximately 2 h after reunion. If PRL secretion, induced by the suckling
      stimulus, is instrumental in sustaining puerperal infertility, then the increased
      secretion of PRL that occurs at night during the protracted interval of intense
      mother-infant interaction may be of particular significance in inhibition of the
      hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.

PMID- 3840079
TI  - Relationship of estrogen receptors and protein synthesis to the mitogenic effect
      of estrogens.
AB  - 1,3,5(10)-Estratriene-3,16 alpha-diol (16 alpha-E2) is an estrogen which is
      ineffective in stimulating DNA synthesis in the prepuberal rat uterus when
      administered to rats in a single injection in doses up to at least 5 micrograms.
      However, it acquires the same high mitogenic potency as 1,3,5(10)-estratriene
      3,17 beta-diol (17 beta-E2) if a 5-micrograms dose is administered over a 12-h
      period via sequential injections of 1 microgram each at 3-h intervals. In an
      attempt to explain this phenomenon we have found that the ability of an estrogen
      to maintain a stimulated rate of protein synthesis for 12 h correlates directly
      with its ability to stimulate DNA synthesis. A single injection of 16 alpha-E2
      stimulates protein synthesis at 4 h to a degree comparable to 17 beta-E2. By 12 h
      when the effect of 17 beta-E2 is maximal, the effect of one injection of 16 alpha
      E2 has diminished to control levels. However, if 16 alpha-E2 is administered via
      sequential injections at 3-h intervals, protein synthesis at 12 h is stimulated
      to the same extent achieved by a single injection of 17 beta-E2. We also have
      examined the fate of estrogen receptors in relationship to these changes in
      protein and DNA synthesis. The effects of a single injection of 16 alpha-E2
      differ in four respects from those of 17 beta-E2: 1) the retention of receptors
      in the nuclear form is shorter; 2) replenishment of receptors to the cytosolic
      form is more rapid and greater than 80% complete within 3 h; 3) fewer receptors
      are processed, i.e. the loss of receptors detectable by exchange assay is
      smaller; and 4) the overshoot in receptor replenishment 24 h after an injection
      is smaller. Overall, the stimulation of DNA synthesis is positively related to
      the rate of protein synthesis 12 h after an injection of estrogen, the retention
      of receptors in the nuclear form, and the amount of receptor processing.

PMID- 3840080
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 suppresses parathyroid hormone secretion from bovine
      parathyroid cells in tissue culture.
AB  - To determine whether 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] regulates PTH
      secretion, we have tested its effects in both short term incubations (30-120 min)
      and long term primary cell cultures (24-96 h) of bovine parathyroid cells. In
      short term incubations, 10(-11)-10(-7) M 1,25-(OH)2D3 had no consistent effect on
      PTH secretion. In primary cultures of bovine parathyroid cells, significant
      suppression of PTH secretion occurred, as measured by both N-terminal and C
      terminal PTH assays. Suppression of PTH secretion was dose dependent when 10(
      11), 10(-9), and 10(-7) M 1,25-(OH)2D3 were tested for 48 h in culture, and the
      effects of 10(-7) M, 1,25-(OH)2D3 were noted as early as 24 h. Reversal of
      suppression of PTH secretion was observed after an additional 48 h in the absence
      of 1,25-(OH)2D3. Other studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that 1,25
      (OH)2D3 suppresses levels of pre-pro-PTH mRNA in cultured bovine parathyroid
      cells, and we found a strong correlation at 48 h between the decrease in PTH
      release and that in mRNA. We conclude that 1) 1,25-(OH)2D3 suppresses PTH
      secretion rates in a dose-dependent manner in cells grown for 24-48 h in culture,
      but does not have a significant effect on short term PTH release (30-120 min); 2)
      cultured cells exhibiting suppression by 1,25-(OH)2D3 demonstrate nearly full
      recovery of PTH secretion after an additional 48 h in the absence of added 1,25
      (OH)2D3; and 3) PTH secretion closely parallels levels of pre-pro-PTH mRNA in
      cultured cells, suggesting that the observed effects of PTH secretion reflect, at
      least in part, suppression of synthesis of PTH by 1,25-(OH)2D3.

PMID- 3840081
TI  - Histidyl-proline-diketopiperazine (cyclo-his-pro) inhibits the suckling- and
      domperidone-induced transformation of prolactin in the lactating rat.
AB  - The histidyl-proline-diketopiperazine (cyclo-his-pro) metabolite of TRH inhibited
      the transformation of prereleasable PRL within the anterior pituitary and as a
      consequence, the normal rise in plasma PRL levels when injected before suckling.
      The dose (400 ng) was administered five times at 1-min intervals. PRL suppression
      was similar to that resulting from dopamine injected at the same rate. Combined
      injections of cyclo-his-pro and dopamine, each at the 400 ng/min for 5 min rate,
      provoked a greater inhibition of PRL than did either alone. Neither cyclo-his-pro
      nor dopamine inhibited the suckling-induced release of PRL in rats whose PRL had
      previously been transformed by a short (10-min) period of suckling. The
      stimulatory effects of iv administered domperidone (0.005 or 0.01 mg/rat) and
      haloperidol (0.2 mg/rat) upon PRL transformation and release in the lactating rat
      were substantially reduced by cyclo-his-pro in a dose-related fashion over a
      range of doses from 200-800 ng/min for 5 min. These results demonstrate that
      cyclo-his-pro inhibits PRL secretion in the lactating rat after suckling,
      primarily through inhibition of the transformation phase, and that the inhibitory
      mechanism may involve an interaction with dopamine.

PMID- 3840082
TI  - Primary malignant lymphoma of the thyroid in a patient with long-standing Graves'
      disease.
AB  - We have recently encountered a patient with rapidly enlarging thyroid masses
      histologically diagnosed as diffuse histiocytic lymphoma which developed in the
      active course of Graves' disease. The primary thyroid lymphoma has been in
      complete remission after local radiation therapy. The association of Hashimoto's
      thyroiditis and thyroid lymphoma has well been recognized. Meanwhile, data have
      accumulated to demonstrate that Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease share
      possible similar causal immunological abnormalities and are closely related
      entities. However, the association of Graves' disease and primary thyroid
      lymphoma has never been reported, as far as we know. Therefore, this case may be
      the first one that supports the natural concept that thyroid lymphoma develops
      from pre-existing Graves' disease secondary to the similar immunological
      abnormalities in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

PMID- 3840083
TI  - Circadian variations of free and sulfoconjugated catecholamines in normal
      subjects.
AB  - Normotensive recumbent subjects exhibit an early (11 p.m.) nocturnal increase in
      plasma dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine sulfates. In individual patients,
      this peak value is followed by a smaller nocturnal peak of catecholamine
      sulfates, while free catecholamine levels change in a direction opposite to
      catecholamine sulfates. This reciprocity of changes cannot however be
      demonstrated in the whole group. The origin of the nocturnal peaks of
      catecholamine sulfates is unknown. It may be due to a nocturnal decrease of the
      renal clearance of catecholamine sulfates, an increased generation of sulfates
      for reasons other than an increase in the free catecholamine substrate, or
      possibly a release of catecholamine sulfates from the brain.

PMID- 3840084
TI  - Effects of calcium and (inorganic) phosphate on bone resorption produced by
      vitamin D3 metabolites in vitro.
AB  - The effects of changing the concentrations of calcium (Ca2+) and inorganic
      phosphate (Pi) on 45Ca release from prelabeled fetal rat bones caused by
      parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) and 1, 25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2-D3) were tested, in vitro. Increasing total
      (Ca2+) from 1.25 mM to 2.5 mM caused a significant increase in bone resorption
      caused by submaximal concentrations of these materials. Further increase in total
      (Ca2+) to 3.5 mM abolished this potentiating effect of bone resorption.
      Increasing the (Pi) from 1 mM to 2-3 mM caused significant inhibition of bone
      resorption caused by these resorbing materials. In addition, a (Pi) of 3 mM
      caused significant inhibition of higher concentrations of PTH and 25-OH-D3. (Pi)
      of 2 and 3 mM also caused significant inhibition of 45Ca release from control
      bones. It is concluded that a moderate increase in medium (Ca2+) mimics the
      effect of these bone resorbing materials on bone. Phosphate appears to be a
      direct inhibitor of bone resorption. Therefore, changing the (Ca2+) and (Pi) in
      the medium can affect the bone resorbing effect of vitamin D3 metabolites,
      similar to their effect on PTH.

PMID- 3840085
TI  - Characteristics of primary isolates of alveolar type II cells from neonatal rats.
AB  - Alveolar type II cells from 6-day-old rat pups were obtained at approximately 90%
      purity, as judged by light and electron microscopy. Within 48-72 h in culture,
      the cells formed a monolayer with tight junctions typical of epithelial cells.
      Type II cells aggregated into raised domelike areas, which when sectioned showed
      alveolarlike structures comprised of type II cells. After 3 days in culture these
      structures showed abundant lamellar body secretion. Phospholipid profiles were
      characteristic of type II cells, with disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) the
      predominant secreted phospholipid. The cells also released DSPC in response to
      beta-adrenergic stimulation. This release was inhibited by the specific beta
      antagonist propranolol. The results show that morphologic differentiation and
      biochemical properties of neonatal type II cells can be studied using an isolated
      cell system in tissue culture.

PMID- 3840087
TI  - Gonadal genotoxicity assays as practical surrogates for germ-cell mutagenicity
      assays.

PMID- 3840086
TI  - Effect of seizures during pregnancy on seizure susceptibility in offspring.
AB  - The risk of epilepsy is higher in the offspring of epileptic mothers than
      epileptic fathers. It has been hypothesized that seizures during pregnancy may
      alter subsequent seizure susceptibility in the offspring. To test this
      hypothesis, pregnant rats were fully kindled during the first, second, or third
      trimesters. In addition, another group of pregnant rats were kindled during the
      first trimester and then stimulated daily to induce generalized tonic-clonic
      seizures until delivery. The rate of kindling in the offspring of the four groups
      was then compared with sham-operated controls. No significant difference in rate
      of kindling was noted between the offspring of sham-operated controls and kindled
      mothers. This study fails to support the hypothesis that maternal seizures during
      pregnancy lead to increased seizure susceptibility in the offspring.

PMID- 3840088
TI  - Underfoot accidents.

PMID- 3840089
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of sustained-release verapamil after a single administration and
      at steady state.
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of conventional 80 mg tablets and two types of sustained-release
      (SR) tablets containing 120 and 200 mg of verapamil were compared cross-over in
      12 healthy volunteers. Serum concentrations of verapamil and norverapamil were
      analyzed both after a single oral dose and at steady state after t.i.d.
      administration of conventional tablets and b.i.d. administration of SR tablets.
      After 120 mg SR tablets serum concentrations of verapamil usually remained below
      100 ng/ml for 5 days. This inadequate bioavailability was caused by very slow
      absorption. The relative bioavailability of verapamil in 200 mg SR tablets was 93
      96% as compared to the conventional tablets. After 200 mg X 2 and 80 mg X 3, the
      peak serum levels were about 300 and 190 ng/ml, respectively and the trough
      levels 123-153 and 52-56 ng/ml, respectively. The verapamil/norverapamil ratio
      varied from 0.69 to 0.84 after a single dose and from 0.8 to 0.93 at steady
      state. By the 4th days of treatment, the accumulation ratios ranged between 1.75
      2.07 and 1.30-1.75 for verapamil and norverapamil, respectively. For each
      preparation studied, the apparent Cltot of verapamil was significantly reduced at
      steady-state. These results show that 200 mg SR verapamil tablets fulfill the
      basic requirements of retard preparations allowing for twice or even once daily
      administration.

PMID- 3840090
TI  - Organ selectivity of hexahydrosiladifenidol in blocking pre- and postjunctional
      muscarinic receptors studied in guinea-pig ileum and rat heart.
AB  - Pre- and postjunctional pA2 values of the muscarinic antagonist
      hexahydrosiladifenidol were determined with guinea-pig ileum and rat heart.
      Hexahydrosiladifenidol did not discriminate between pre- and postjunctional
      receptors within the same organ but was more potent on the ileum (20-80 times)
      than on the heart. It is concluded that pre- and postjunctional muscarinic
      receptors in the heart may differ from those in the ileum.

PMID- 3840091
TI  - The effects of amidantel (BAY d 8815) and its deacylated derivative (BAY d 9216)
      on Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - The paralyzing effects of the anthelmintic drugs amidantel (BAY d 8815) and its
      deacylated derivative (BAY d 9216) on whole and cut C. elegans were investigated.
      The minimum effective concentrations with whole worms were 350 and 180 microM,
      respectively, compared to only 4 microM for another anthelmintic drug,
      levamisole. After rendering the worms permeable by cutting them at their
      approximate midsections, the minimum effective concentrations were: amidantel
      0.30 microM, deacylated amidantel 0.07 microM and levamisole 0.15 microM.
      Comparison of the effects produced by amidantel and deacylated amidantel with
      those produced by levamisole, a known cholinergic agonist, suggested a common
      mode of action for all three drugs. The drugs were moderately potent inhibitors
      of both E. electricus and C. elegans acetylcholinesterase but at concentrations
      too high to account for their abilities to contract cut worms. Their primary mode
      of action appears to be as agonists at the level of the acetylcholine receptor, a
      view supported by the observation that their effects may be blocked by the
      nicotinic antagonists d-tubocurarine and gallamine.

PMID- 3840092
TI  - Muscarinic receptors in rat nasal mucosa are predominantly of the low affinity
      agonist type.
AB  - Specific [3H]l-quinuclidinyl benzilate binding to rat nasal mucosa homogenates
      occurs to a homogeneous class of binding sites with Kd = 60 +/- 2 10(-12) M and
      Bmax = 8.1 +/- 2 pmol/g tissue. Binding is stereoselectively inhibited by
      benzetimide enantiomers. Pirenzepine inhibits [3H]l-quinuclidinyl benzilate
      binding with low affinity (Ki = 5.0 10(-7) M), classifying the binding sites as
      muscarinic M2-receptors. Methylfurtrethonium and methacholine inhibit [3H]l
      quinuclidinyl benzilate binding following an almost sigmoid curve at high
      concentrations pointing to the presence of mainly low affinity agonist binding
      sites.

PMID- 3840093
TI  - A simple, low-cost computer program for Scatchard plot analysis of binding data
      in steroid hormone receptor assays.
AB  - This paper presents a relatively simple computer program for Scatchard plot
      analysis of binding data in steroid hormone receptor determination. The program
      is written in BASIC and adapted to a low-cost desktop calculator. The program is
      designed to permit data input without demanding extensive technical knowledge of
      either computer systems or mathematical background of receptor binding assays.

PMID- 3840094
TI  - Heme metabolism and erythropoiesis in abnormal iron states: role of delta
      aminolevulinic acid synthase and heme oxygenase.
AB  - Heme metabolism was examined in bone marrow and hepatic cells from iron-deficient
      and chronically iron-overloaded rats. Results indicate that the rate limiting
      enzymes delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS) and heme oxygenase were
      significantly elevated in the iron-overloaded hepatic and bone marrow cells and
      near normal levels in cells from iron-deficient rats. Conversely, delta
      aminolevulinic acid dehydrase (ALAD) was depressed in iron-overloaded cells and
      elevated in iron-deficient cells. Erythroid colony (CFU-E) cultures demonstrated
      that iron-overloaded bone marrow cells were poor hemin and CFU-E responders in
      vitro, whereas iron-deficient marrows grew exuberant numbers of CFU-E and
      responded to hemin. Succinylacetone (1 mM) inhibited ALAD activity and normal CFU
      E growth, and CFU-E inhibition by succinylacetone was completely overcome by the
      addition of hemin. Results are discussed with respect to the regulation of
      hepatic and bone marrow heme metabolism in abnormal iron states and the possible
      role of iron in the induction of heme oxygenase in chronic iron overload.

PMID- 3840095
TI  - Effect of dexamethasone on fetal liver erythroid colony-forming cells in vivo.
AB  - Pretreatment of pregnant mice (CD-1) with intravenous dexamethasone phosphate
      (10(-3)-10(-7) g/mouse), a synthetic glucocorticoid, reduced the number of
      erythroid colonies that formed when 15-day-old fetal liver erythroid progenitor
      cells (3 X 10(4] were cultured for two days in plasma clots containing exogenous
      erythropoietin (Epo) (25 mU). The proliferative rate of fetal liver erythroid
      colony-forming cells (CFU-E), obtained from pregnant mice treated 24 h earlier
      with dexamethasone phosphate (1 mg/mouse), was reduced from 76% (control) to 46%
      as measured by a decrease in the percentage of fetal liver CFU-E lost following a
      20-min exposure to high-specific-activity tritiated thymidine (50 microCi, 50-77
      Ci/mmol). In addition, pretreatment of pregnant mice with lower doses of
      dexamethasone phosphate (10(-5)-10(-7) g/mouse) resulted in a higher percentage
      of fetal liver CFU-E lost following exposure to high-specific-activity tritiated
      thymidine (64% and 67%, respectively). Concomitantly, the inhibitory effect of
      dexamethasone on erythroid colony formation by these fetal liver cells in
      response to exogenous Epo is reduced. These results appear to indicate that the
      dexamethasone-mediated reduction in erythroid colony formation is inversely
      related to the fraction of fetal liver CFU-E lost after exposure to high-specific
      activity tritiated thymidine. Furthermore, this observation suggests that
      glucocorticoids inhibit erythroid colony formation by decreasing the
      proliferative rate of the fetal liver CFU-E.

PMID- 3840096
TI  - [Automated system of individual dosage programs (ASIDP) for calculating
      pharmacokinetic parameters and analyzing the relation between concentration and
      pharmacological effect].
AB  - The authors have developed algorithms and programs that permit introduction in
      the dialogue mode of the data pertinent to the time-course of changes in the
      concentrations and pharmacological effects, calculation of up to 20
      pharmacokinetic parameters, establishment of the relationship between the effect
      and concentration, and prediction of the expected effects under different drug
      dosage regimens. The ASPID is based on the FORTRAN-IV language.

PMID- 3840097
TI  - Potential antihypertensives. Synthesis of 6-substituted-N-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)
      3-pyridazinamines and 3-substituted-6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1
      yl)pyridazines.
AB  - A series of 6-substituted-N-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-3-pyridazinamines [(II),
      Scheme 1] and 3-substituted-6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) pyridazines
      [(XII), Scheme 3-5] were synthesized. The compounds were evaluated for their oral
      antihypertensive activity in rats (SHR) and only some compounds of structure
      (XII) induced a moderate decrease in systolic blood pressure.

PMID- 3840098
TI  - Evidence that progesterone binding uteroglobin is similar to myosin alkali light
      chain.
AB  - Using a computer program designed to detect evolutionary relationships between
      proteins, I find that exon 2 of rabbit uteroglobin, a progesterone binder, and
      part of myosin alkali light chain have a comparison score that is 7.2 standard
      deviations higher than that obtained with a comparison of randomized sequences of
      these proteins. The probability (p) of getting this score by chance is less than
      10(-12). This theoretical finding that these sequences are similar has led to the
      experimental finding that copper, calcium and the tranquilizer trifluoperazine, a
      calmodulin binding ligand, affect progesterone binding to uteroglobin.

PMID- 3840099
TI  - The influence of P-light chain phosphorylation by myosin light chain kinase on
      the calcium sensitivity of chemically skinned heart fibres.
AB  - Phosphorylation of the P-light chain of myosin might be involved in the
      regulation of cardiac contractility. Thus an enhanced phosphorylation level of
      the P-light chain catalyzed by Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain
      kinase (MLCK) increased significantly the Ca2+ sensitivity of chemically skinned
      ventricular fibre bundles of the pig. This effect was reversible. Whereas force
      development at submaximal Ca2+ concentration (pCa 5.5) increased by approximately
      50% in the presence of MLCK, maximum tension achieved at maximum Ca2+
      concentration (pCa 4.3) was not affected.

PMID- 3840100
TI  - On the primary structures of lysozyme, cecropins and attacins from Hyalophora
      cecropia.
AB  - Diapausing pupae of Cecropia respond to a bacterial infection by the selective
      synthesis of RNA and 15-20 hemolymph proteins. Of these we have purified lysozyme
      and two classes of antibacterial proteins called cecropins and attacins. The
      primary structure has been determined for the lysozyme, one attacin and five
      cecropins. We have also prepared a cDNA bank, isolated and sequenced clones
      corresponding to the lysozyme, the two main attacins and one cecropin. The
      results of these structural studies are briefly summarized. Finally we review the
      solid phase synthesis of cecropin A and B and 9 analogs of cecropin A.

PMID- 3840101
TI  - Kinetic and spectroscopic studies of transhydrogenase activity and nucleotide
      site of lipoamide dehydrogenase.
AB  - The kinetic behavior and spectroscopic characteristics of the nucleotide site(s)
      of lipoamide dehydrogenase have been investigated. Both subunits of the dimeric
      enzyme interact with NAD+. The binding of NAD+ is associated with a negative
      trough around 420-450 nm and a positive peak at 507 nm of the difference
      spectrum. The transhydrogenation between NADH and thionicotinamide nucleotide or
      acetylpyridine nucleotide is shown to proceed via a Ping Pong or an ordered Bi Bi
      mechanism, respectively, at pH above 7.0. Lowering pH or acetamidation lose the
      spectral characteristic of the positive peak of the enzyme-NAD+ complex with a
      concurrent change in the kinetic mechanism in the NADH+-acetylpyridine nucleotide
      transhydrogenation.

PMID- 3840102
TI  - The wave of activation current in the Xenopus egg.
AB  - A ring-shaped wave of inward current, the activation current, propagates across
      the Xenopus egg from the site of activation during the positive phase of the
      activation or fertilization potential. This activation current wave is due to an
      increased chloride conductance and reflects the propagated of the ionic channels
      responsible for the fertilization potential. These channels are present in the
      animal and vegetal hemispheres; however, the magnitude of the activation current
      is 6-7 times greater in the animal hemisphere. Outward current of a smaller
      magnitude and spread out over a larger area precedes and follows the inward
      current except at the point of activation where the current is first inward. The
      inward current wave is detected in all eggs activated by sperm and in eggs
      activated by pricking with a sharp needle, by application of the Ca2+ ionophore,
      A23187, and by intracellular iontophoresis of Ca2+ or inositol 1,4,5
      trisphosphate. Reduction of the inward current by TMB-8, which blocks
      intracellular calcium release in some cells, suggests that the activation current
      channels are calcium sensitive and that the current wave is concomitant with a
      wave of increased intracellular calcium initiated by sperm-egg interaction. The
      wave of cortical granule exocytosis and two or more contraction waves follow the
      current wave.

PMID- 3840103
TI  - Coordinate expression of ribosomal protein genes during Xenopus development.
AB  - The expression of ribosomal protein and rRNA genes during Xenopus oogenesis
      results in the synthesis of sufficient ribosomes to support development of the
      swimming tadpole. cDNA clones for ribosomal proteins L13, L15, L23, and S22 have
      been isolated and used as probes to examine ribosomal protein gene transcripts
      during oogenesis and embryogenesis. Our results show that ribosomal protein mRNAs
      attain maximal steady-state levels in stage II oocytes concomitant with the onset
      of vitellogenesis. Approximately 50% of ribosomal protein mRNAs are associated
      with polysomes throughout oogenesis, resulting in a constant rate of ribosomal
      protein synthesis in stage III through stage VI oocytes. In contrast, the
      polysomal to nonpolysomal distribution of bulk poly(A)+ RNA increases during
      oogenesis, resulting in a five- to eightfold stimulation in the rate of overall
      protein synthesis. Following fertilization, maternal ribosomal protein mRNAs are
      degraded. Accumulation of de novo ribosomal protein transcripts is first
      detectable during gastrulation, but ribosomal protein mRNAs do not enter
      polysomes until stage 30 tailbud embryos. We find no discernible structural or
      functional differences between ribosomal protein transcripts in the polysomal and
      the nonpolysomal fractions for the observed stages of oocytes and embryos. These
      results are consistent with a model in which control of ribosomal protein
      synthesis is regulated at the translational level during Xenopus development.

PMID- 3840104
TI  - An appraisal of a cell culture test for revealing the presence of E. coli
      thermolabile enterotoxin (L.T.).
AB  - Three methods were comparatively used for revealing the presence of thermolabile
      enterotoxin (L.T.) of E. coli strains causing diarrheal illness of children. From
      228 patients 52 L.T.+ strains (22.8%) were identified with the classic rabbit
      skin test out of which 50 L.T.+ strains (21.9%) also reacted positively in a cell
      culture test using CHO-KI cells and only 33 L.T.+ strains (14.4%) in the rabbit
      intestinal loop test. The cell culture test appears to have a constant
      sensitivity, it is inexpensive, easy to perform and therefore adequate to be
      carried out in experienced field laboratories.

PMID- 3840105
TI  - Effect of tamoxifen on H-Y antigen expression and gonadal development in chicken
      embryos.
AB  - Avian species follow the ZW/ZZ system of sex determination, which the female is
      heterogametic and expresses H-Y (or, more appropriately, 'H-W') antigen. We
      present the results of an investigation into the effects of the antiestrogen,
      tamoxifen, on gonadal differentiation and H-Y antigen expression in chickens.
      When given at doses of 0.25-2 mg per egg immediately before incubation, tamoxifen
      blocked regression of the right gonad in a significant number of 14-day-old
      female embryos. The nonregressed right gonad had a testis-like external
      appearance and, in some cases, contained what appeared to be spermatogenic
      tubules. Tamoxifen had no histologically detectable effect on the differentiation
      of the left ovary or the testes. In spite of tamoxifen's histological effects on
      right female gonads, it did not masculinize the steroidogenic capabilities of
      these gonads. Whether obtained from drug- or vehicle-treated embryos, the left
      and right female gonads always contained appreciable amounts of estrogen. In
      contrast, testes obtained from either drug- or vehicle-treated embryos did not
      contain detectable amounts of estrogen. Tamoxifen reduced the H-Y antigen levels
      in female liver and gonads. In both left and right female gonads, the reduction
      was to male levels. In female livers, tamoxifen reduced H-Y antigen to levels
      intermediate between those of normal males and females. Thus, the expression of H
      Y antigen in both gonadal and nongonadal tissue is estrogen dependent, but the
      dependency appears to be more stringent for gonadal tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3840106
TI  - Size changes of protamine 1 mRNA provide a molecular marker to monitor
      spermatogenesis in wild-type and mutant mice.
AB  - We utilized a cDNA encoding the cysteine-rich, tyrosine-containing mouse
      protamine, mouse protamine 1 (MP1), to detect the presence of several classes of
      differentiating germ cells in testicular extracts from wild-type and male sterile
      mutant mice. This assay is based on the changes in the poly (A) length of MP1
      mRNA during spermatogenesis. Testicular extracts of sexually mature CD-1 mice
      contain a heterogeneous population of protamine-1 mRNA ranging in length from 450
      to 580 nucleotides. When the protamine-1 probe was hybridized to testicular RNA
      preparations from 16- to 20-day-old animals, no MP1-mRNA was detected. Twenty
      four-day-old mice contain only the 580-nucleotide form of MP1-mRNA. This size
      class of protamine mRNA is also present in purified populations of round
      spermatids, whereas elongating spermatids and residual bodies contain mRNAs
      ranging from 450 to 580 nucleotides in length, which are identical in size to
      those present in the testes of sexually mature animals. When the protamine cDNA
      probe was used to examine the progression of spermiogenesis in three male sterile
      mouse mutants, blind sterile (bs), quaking (qk) and testicular feminization
      (Tfm), the results demonstrated that each mutant is pathologically distinct.
      Analysis of the bs mutant revealed a diminution in the amount of both size
      classes of MP1-mRNA, in agreement with the cytological reports of reduced numbers
      of haploid spermatogenic cells in these animals. The presence of both size
      classes of protamine mRNA in the qk mutant indicates that germ-cell
      differentiation has proceeded at least to the step-12 spermatid in these
      animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3840107
TI  - FDA perspectives on the use of teratology data for human risk assessment.

PMID- 3840108
TI  - Characterization of liver enlargement induced by compound LY171883 in rats.
AB  - Compound LY171883 caused dose-related and reversible hepatomegaly in male Fischer
      344 rats. Histological examination revealed hepatocellular hypertrophy with no
      other evidence of liver disease. There were only minor changes in serum glucose,
      total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine transaminase which were
      generally unrelated to dose and dissociable from the hepatomegaly. Total liver
      DNA increased but the DNA concentration decreased, indicating that liver growth
      involved a combination of hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Total liver protein and
      RNA increased. Hepatic mitochondrial protein content increased but cytochrome
      oxidase activity was not changed. There were minor changes in mitochondrial
      respiratory parameters; however, all the values were in the normal range and
      there was no indication of mitochondrial toxicity. Microsomal protein, drug
      metabolizing activity, and cytochrome P-450 increased, but glucose-6-phosphatase
      activity was not changed. The induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and absence
      of toxicity were evidence that the hepatomegaly was an adaptation to an increased
      functional load in the liver. An increase in catalase activity suggested that the
      response may have also involved peroxisomes. In addition to rats, LY171883
      administration caused hepatomegaly in mice and hamsters at daily exposures
      exceeding 100 mg/kg. The response was not observed in guinea pigs, beagle dogs,
      or rhesus monkeys given maximum tolerated doses, indicating LY171883-induced
      hepatomegaly is not a response common to all species. The doses required to
      elicit hepatomegaly greatly exceeded doses that produce pharmacological efficacy
      in animals and those that are expected to be used clinically. Since humans will
      not receive doses comparable to those given rodents, and considering that the
      primate species tested did not experience hepatomegaly, it is unlikely that the
      effect observed in rodents can be extrapolated to humans.

PMID- 3840110
TI  - Sucralfate suspension.

PMID- 3840109
TI  - Human distribution and release of a putative new gut hormone, peptide YY.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay has been developed for the new intestinal hormonal peptide
      tyrosine tyrosine [peptide YY (PYY)]. Peptide YY concentrations were measured in
      separated layers of the human gastrointestinal tract, where PYY was found
      exclusively in the mucosal epithelium which contained the endocrine cells.
      Peptide YY was found throughout the small intestine, in very low concentrations
      (5 pmol/g) in duodenum (6 pmol/g) and jejunum (5 pmol/g), but in higher
      concentrations in the terminal ileum (84 pmol/g). High concentrations were found
      throughout the colon (ascending 82 pmol/g, sigmoid 196 pmol/g), being maximum in
      the rectum (480 pmol/g). The major molecular form of PYY-like immunoreactivity in
      human intestine appeared to be identical to pure porcine hormone, both as judged
      by gel permeation chromatography and by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid
      chromatography. Basal plasma concentrations of PYY were low but rose in response
      to food, remaining elevated for several hours postprandially. The known potent
      biologic actions of PYY, its high concentrations in gut endocrine cells, and its
      release into the circulation after a normal meal suggest that this peptide may
      function physiologically as a circulating gut hormone.

PMID- 3840111
TI  - Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequences of cDNAs specific for rat liver
      ribosomal proteins S17 and L30.
AB  - cDNA clones coding for rat liver ribosomal proteins S17 and L30 have been
      isolated by positive hybridization-translation assay from a cDNA library prepared
      from 8-9S poly(A)+RNA from free polysomes of regenerating rat liver. The cDNA
      clone specific for S17 protein (pRS17-2) has a 466-bp insert with the poly(A)
      tail. The complete amino acid (aa) sequence of S17 protein was deduced from the
      nucleotide sequence of the cDNA. S17 protein consists of 134 aa residues with an
      Mr of 15 377. The N-terminal aa sequence of S17 protein determined by automatic
      Edman degradation is consistent with the sequence data. The aa sequence of S17
      shows strong homology (76.9%) to that of yeast ribosomal protein 51 [Teem and
      Rosbash, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80 (1983) 4403-4407] in the two-thirds N
      terminal region. The cDNA clone specific for L30 protein (pRL30) has a 394-bp
      insert. The aa sequence of L30 protein was deduced from the nucleotide sequence
      of the cDNA. The protein consists of 114 aa residues with an Mr of 12 652. When
      compared with the N-terminal aa sequence of rat liver L30 protein [Wool, Annu.
      Rev. Biochem. 48 (1979) 719-754], pRL30 was found not to contain the initiation
      codon and 5'-noncoding region. The cDNA showed twelve silent changes in the
      coding region, one point mutation and one base deletion in the 3'-noncoding
      region, compared with mouse genomic DNA for L30 protein [Wiedemann and Perry,
      Mol. Cell Biol. 4 (1984) 2518-2528].

PMID- 3840112
TI  - Hereditary protein C deficiency.
AB  - Hereditary protein C deficiency, which is inherited as an autosomal-dominant
      trait, predisposes to venous thrombotic disease. Heterozygotes are at risk for
      superficial thrombophlebitis, deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism,
      which may occur without apparent cause at a young age. Other manifestations are
      cerebral venous thrombosis and mesenteric vein thrombosis. In severe, often
      homozygous, protein C deficiency, a purpura fulminans syndrome may occur shortly
      after birth, resulting in death due to extensive thrombosis, if it is not
      adequately treated. The thrombotic manifestations in heterozygotes are
      effectively prevented by coumarin therapy. However, in the initial phase of oral
      anticoagulant therapy, the patients have an increased risk for the development of
      coumarin-induced haemorrhagic skin necrosis. The purpura fulminans syndrome can
      be treated with either replacement therapy or with coumarin therapy. Heparin
      appears to be ineffective in the prevention of both the purpura fulminans
      syndrome and the coumarin-induced skin necrosis.

PMID- 3840113
TI  - [Effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on rat erythrocytes, isolated hepatocytes and
      dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC)-liposomes].
AB  - The effects of antiarrhythmic drugs, aprindine, mexiletine and lidocaine, on rat
      erythrocytes, isolated rat hepatocytes and DPPC-liposomes were studied at various
      concentrations. Maximal inhibition of aprindine on the hypotonic hemolysis was
      observed at a concentration of 2 X 10(-4) M. In isolated rat hepatocytes,
      aprindine caused an increase in GOT leakage above 4 X 10(-4) M. Mexiletine and
      lidocaine caused a slight decrease in GOT. Only aprindine caused an increase in
      LDH leakage above 2 X 10(-4) M. In the relationship between the surface tension
      and pH conditions (pH 5.7, 7.4 and 8.0), aprindine and mexiletine indicated a
      depression of surface tension at a dose of 10(-4) M to 10(-3) M under all pH
      conditions. Lidocaine indicated a depression of surface tension at a dose of 10(
      4) M at pH 8.0 only. Aprindine and mexiletine depressed the phase transition
      temperature (Tc) of DPPC-liposomes. The depression of Tc by aprindine was greater
      than that by mexiletine. The rank by order of surface activity was the same as
      that of enzyme leakage from hepatocytes, hemolysis of erythrocytes and depression
      of Tc in DPPC-liposomes in vitro. These results suggest that differences in
      membrane damage produced by antiarrhythmic drugs may by related to surface
      activity, which in turn may determine the extent of adsorption onto cell
      membranes.

PMID- 3840115
TI  - Normal values of two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of left and right
      ventricular geometry in children.
AB  - Normal values for left and right ventricular geometry in childhood were evaluated
      from two-dimensional echocardiograms using a specially-designed computer program
      package. Based on the normal values for ventricular cross-sectional areas,
      ventricular volumes were calculated applying the algorithm of "sphere volumes".
      For normal subjects, these "sphere volumes" were found to be linearly related to
      bodyweight which also can be seen in angiographic volume determinations. Thus,
      these echocardiographic "sphere volumes" could be transferred to actual
      ventricular volumes by using a factor which results from the different slopes of
      angio- and echocardiographic "sphere volumes" versus bodyweight. The mean
      relative error of ventricular volumes thus obtained from echocardiograms is
      comparable with that of angiocardiographic determinations except for right
      ventricular end-diastolic volumes. Parameters of wall thickness and myocardial
      volume are favourably calculated as myocardial area and related to cavity area.

PMID- 3840114
TI  - Oestrogenic potency of genistin and daidzin in mice.
AB  - The oestrogenic activity of genistin and daidzin was investigated in the B6D2F1
      strain of mouse. Diethylstilboestrol and genistein were used as positive
      controls. The oestrogenic response to 1.5 mg genistin was equivalent to that of 1
      mg genistein, giving a 1:1 molar relationship in oestrogenic activity between
      genistin and genistein. The oestrogenic response to 3.8 mg daidzin was equivalent
      to that of 1 mg genistein. Analysis of the blood obtained from the mice in this
      experiment failed to reveal any free genistein or daidzein in the plasma.

PMID- 3840116
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3/parathormone affect fetal osteoclastic bone resorption
      in vivo.

PMID- 3840117
TI  - Turnkey systems dominate hospital lab market.

PMID- 3840118
TI  - Preventive intervention approach to health education for STDs.

PMID- 3840119
TI  - STD education. Messages, target groups and the effect of an education programme.

PMID- 3840120
TI  - Health education for STD patients in a New Delhi hospital.

PMID- 3840121
TI  - Health education in the sexually transmitted diseases.

PMID- 3840122
TI  - Automating data manipulation for genetic analysis using a data base management
      system.
AB  - Inefficient coding and manipulation of pedigree data have often hindered the
      progress of genetic studies. In this paper we present the methodology for
      interfacing a data base management system (DBMS) called MEGADATS with a linkage
      analysis program called LIPED. Two families that segregate a dominant trait and
      one test marker were used in a simulated exercise to demonstrate how a DBMS can
      be used to automate tedious clerical steps and improve the efficiency of a
      genetic analysis. The merits of this approach to data management are discussed.
      We conclude that a standardized format for genetic analysis programs would
      greatly facilitate data analysis.

PMID- 3840123
TI  - General treatment of linear mammillary models.
AB  - This paper deals with the mathematical analysis of time courses of absorption,
      distribution and elimination of drug in a body, which is of considerable value in
      developing dosage schedules to provide optimal therapeutic action and to reduce
      the unwanted side effects due to accumulation of drug in the body to a minimum.
      We consider a general n-compartment model, where elimination occurs from the
      central compartment which, in turn, is connected reversibly with all other
      compartments. This linear mammillary model can be used to study the kinetics of
      protein metabolism in organism. We use an optimization method to characterize the
      pharmacokinetic profiles of drug for a general n-compartment model. Results are
      compared to those obtained by making use of (a) SAAM program and (b) an
      asymptotic method.

PMID- 3840125
TI  - A simple program in BASIC for least-squares fitting of certain equations to
      experimental data.
AB  - A program is presented that fits certain classes of theoretical equations to
      experimental data by the method of least squares. Equations that can be fitted by
      this program include all one-parameter functions and those two-parameter
      functions in which one of the parameters is a multiplicative factor. The program
      is in BASIC and thus can be used on any microcomputer equipped with that
      language, and its use is guided by on-screen prompts.

PMID- 3840124
TI  - Identification of pharmacokinetic parameters of two compartment open model with
      first order absorption.
AB  - This paper deals with the estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters of a two
      compartment open model with first order absorption from plasma level data. The
      eigen-values of the characteristic matrix of the given system are obtained by
      transforming them into a single variable and the global minimum of the deviation
      (for plasma concentrations) from the observed values is obtained through the
      solution of linear relations involving the eigen-values. The distribution volume
      and the lag time are also identified. Finally, the uniqueness of the absorption
      rate constant is obtained by the minimum energy principle. The model is tested
      for different sets of data for the drug Guanfacine, an antihypertensive drug. The
      results are compared to those obtained by the SAMM program.

PMID- 3840126
TI  - A prime number approach to biological sequencing.
AB  - Computational sequencing of nucleic acid and amino acid sequences is placing
      increasing demands on computer resources. The use of prime numbers is explored as
      a convenient means of improving program speed and reducing storage requirements.
      It is concluded that the application of the prime number approach leads to
      significant increases in speed and some reduction in storage requirements.

PMID- 3840127
TI  - An efficient medical database system implementation with its tool and data
      structure consideration.
AB  - The development of a new system for medical database application running on
      minicomputer under MUMPS system is described. Two kinds of data representation in
      global structure are briefly reviewed. The use of a subject oriented multi
      dimensional data structure greatly simplifies database design and facilitates
      data manipulation, organization, selective retrieval and software development. It
      is concluded that the program generator approach can provide the flexibility
      necessary for various applications and future growth of computerized medical
      record system. The final system has been proven effective in practical operation.
      The future extension concerns the introduction of multi-microprocessor structure
      and logic representation is presented.

PMID- 3840128
TI  - [Conception of a program for the treatment and statistical interrogation of data,
      LOGIST].
AB  - This paper presents a general program which cannot only be used for the treatment
      and the statistical interrogations, but also for basic operations, such as the
      validity check and the preparation of data which is often necessary for other
      programs. Its use of language is simple, suitable and accessible to non
      specialists. The program is sufficiently complete so that it can treat some
      complex problems without requiring complementary programs. It can treat several
      problems simultaneously. This allows one to gain data-reading time and the
      program is therefore economical. Its domain of use is large: epidemiological
      studies, psychological and sociological investigations, biological studies,
      clinical research, chronological follow-up, examinations of faculties, . . . .
      The program is written in FORTRAN IV and thus transferable. It contains more than
      25 000 instructions but needs limited place in the core memory (less than 64 000
      words). Its structure allows further evolution and addition of new procedures or
      new methods. A transformation into a conversational form is considered.

PMID- 3840129
TI  - Induction of tolerance in mice and rats to the effect of endotoxin to decrease
      the hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase system. Evidence for a possible
      macrophage-derived factor in the endotoxin effect.
AB  - Daily administration of low, non-lethal doses of bacterial endotoxin to mice and
      rats has been shown to induce tolerance to the effect of an acute challenge dose
      of endotoxin to decrease the hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing activity, the
      level of cytochrome P-450, and to increase heme oxygenase activity. The serum
      collected at various times after injection of endotoxin into control animals when
      injected into untreated animals markedly depressed aniline hydroxylase activity,
      ethylmorphine N-demethylase activity, and the level of cytochrome P-450. Tolerant
      animals were not affected by the post-endotoxin serum injection, suggesting the
      decreased activity caused by the serum in untreated animals was probably due to
      endotoxin contained in the serum. Injection of tolerant mice and rats with
      supernatant medium obtained from cultures of peritoneal macrophages incubated
      with 100 micrograms/ml of endotoxin caused a loss of hepatic microsomal drug
      metabolizing activity, and a decrease in the level of cytochrome P-450. These
      results suggest that peritoneal macrophages release a factor in response to
      endotoxin that mediates the decreased hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity.

PMID- 3840130
TI  - The use of arthroscopy.

PMID- 3840131
TI  - Basic physics of neodymium:YAG laser.

PMID- 3840132
TI  - Neodymium:YAG laser microsurgery: fundamental principles and clinical
      applications.

PMID- 3840133
TI  - The role of neodymium:YAG laser in microsurgery of the glaucomas.

PMID- 3840134
TI  - Neodymium:YAG photodisruption of the anterior hyaloid face in aphakic flat
      chamber: a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.

PMID- 3840135
TI  - Neodymium:YAG laser vitreolysis.

PMID- 3840136
TI  - Ocular side effects following neodymium:YAG laser irradiation.

PMID- 3840137
TI  - Neodymium:YAG laser: theoretical and practical considerations.

PMID- 3840138
TI  - Neodymium:YAG laser safety considerations.

PMID- 3840139
TI  - The use of laser in eye surgery: morphological principles.

PMID- 3840140
TI  - Neodymium:YAG laser capsulotomy.

PMID- 3840141
TI  - Lymphocyte response to a bovine milk protein in ulcerative colitis.
AB  - A recently described in vitro test for cow's milk protein hypersensitivity was
      applied to adult patients with ulcerative colitis. The test system involved the
      culture of their peripheral blood lymphocytes with and without beta
      lactoglobulin, and the results were expressed as a stimulation index. Stimulation
      with beta-lactoglobulin was significantly higher (P less than 0.02) in patients
      with active disease than in those with inactive disease or in healthy controls.
      beta-Lactoglobulin was the only one of four cow's milk proteins that showed this
      effect. It is concluded that the cow's milk protein beta-lactoglobulin has a
      specific blastogenic effect on the lymphocytes of patients with active ulcerative
      colitis, and, therefore, may serve as a marker of disease activity.

PMID- 3840142
TI  - Seasonal variations in dietary iodine intake and thyrotoxicosis.
AB  - Food composition tables were used to estimate the iodine intake of 105 men and
      112 women living in Cambridge who completed 7-day semi-weighed records of food
      consumption. Intakes in men ranged from 195 micrograms per day in summer to 306
      micrograms in winter, and in women from 126 micrograms to 236 micrograms.
      Seasonal variations in intake were mainly due to seasonal differences in the
      iodine content of milk which varies directly in relation to farming practices.
      The authors speculate that a spring-summer peak in thyrotoxicosis incidence in
      Britain may be causally related to the high milk iodine levels in winter.

PMID- 3840143
TI  - Absorption of lard by infants.
AB  - The use of lard as the sole source of fat was investigated in a formula fed to
      healthy premature infants. It was absorbed as well as a conventional cow's milk
      fat/vegetable oil mixture in a control formula (which was otherwise identical),
      and is supported normal growth. Lard is cheaper than cow's milk fat and appears
      to be a satisfactory substitute as an energy source.

PMID- 3840144
TI  - Role of the platelet count in management of the high-risk obstetric patient.

PMID- 3840145
TI  - The medical computing curriculum at the University of New England College of
      Osteopathic Medicine.

PMID- 3840146
TI  - Somatic dysfunction as a predictor of coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3840147
TI  - Splenectomy in post-transfusion purpura: report of a case.

PMID- 3840148
TI  - The total body approach to the osteopathic management of temporomandibular joint
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3840149
TI  - Adjuvant chemo- and hormonal therapy in locally advanced breast cancer: a
      randomized clinical study.
AB  - Between 1977 and 1980, 118 breast cancer patients with locally advanced disease,
      T3B-4, any N, M0 or T1-3, tumor positive axillary apex biopsy, were randomized to
      one of three arms: I: radiotherapy (RT) to the breast and adjacent lymph node
      areas; II: RT followed by 12 cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5
      fluorouracil (CMF) and tamoxifen during the chemotherapy period; III: 2 cycles of
      adriamycin and vincristine (AV), alternated with 2 cycles of CMF, then RT,
      followed by another 4 cycles of AV, alternated with 4 CMF; tamoxifen during the
      entire treatment period. The median follow-up period was 5 1/2 years. The
      adjuvant chemo- and hormonal therapy did not improve the overall survival; the 5
      year survival was 37% for all three treatment arms. There was no statistically
      significant difference in RFS between the three modalities, nor when arm I was
      compared to arm II and III together, p = 0.11. Local recurrence (LR) was observed
      in 24 of the 86 patients (28%) who had reached complete remission (CR). LR was
      not statistically different over the three treatment arms. In 18 of the 24
      patients with LR, distant metastases appeared within a few months from the local
      recurrence. In arm III, the CR rate after 4 cycles AV plus CMF and RT hardly
      changed after another 8 cycles of chemotherapy. The menopausal status did not
      influence the treatment results. Dose reduction in more than 4 cycles of
      chemotherapy was accompanied by better results, p = 0.04. IN CONCLUSION: adjuvant
      chemo- and hormonal therapy did not improve RFS and overall survival. These
      findings do not support the routine use of adjuvant chemo- and endocrine therapy
      for inoperable breast cancer.

PMID- 3840151
TI  - Computers in ophthalmology.

PMID- 3840150
TI  - Acid modification of thermal damage and its relationship to nutrient
      availability.
AB  - The purpose of this present investigation was to determine if the presence of
      exogenous nutrients constitutes a prerequisite for acid modification of thermal
      damage and to determine if thermal cytotoxicity is affected by nutrient
      availability under acid conditions. To this end, Chinese hamster ovary cells
      (CHO) were heated (42 degrees or 43 degrees C) and/or irradiated in either
      McCoy's medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum or glucose free Hanks Balanced
      Salt Solution (HBSS). Both thermal sensitivity and thermal radiosensitization
      were increased when CHO cells were treated under acid conditions (e.g., pH 6.8)
      compared to alkaline conditions (e.g., pH 7.2), independent of the media used.
      Furthermore, decreasing nutrient availability increased thermal cytotoxicity, but
      the increase was greatest at pH 7.2 compared to pH 6.8. This study indicates that
      thermal sensitivity is more dependent upon pH than upon nutrient availability.

PMID- 3840152
TI  - An intraocular lens power calculator for the IBM PC and PCjr computers using
      input variable selection.
AB  - A BASIC program to calculate intraocular lens power and refractive errors using
      previously derived equations is presented. The program was written for the IBM PC
      and PCjr computers with an emphasis on clinical usefulness. Program features
      include a comparison of refractive and axial length predictions of secondary
      implant power and velocity compensation for axial length measurements made on
      aphakic patients. Equation specification by input variable selection and
      automatic averaging of keratometer readings make the program highly efficient.

PMID- 3840153
TI  - Adechlorin, a new adenosine deaminase inhibitor containing chlorine production,
      isolation and properties.
AB  - Adechlorin exhibiting a potent inhibitory activity against calf intestinal
      adenosine deaminase was isolated from the cultured broth of Actinomadura sp. OMR
      37. The molecular formula was C11H15N4O4Cl. The aglycone of adechlorin was
      identical with that of the known adenosine deaminase inhibitors coformycin and 2'
      deoxycoformycin. Adechlorin did not exhibit inhibitory activity against various
      bacteria and fungi at 1.0 mg/ml. The Ki values for adechlorin, coformycin and 2'
      deoxycoformycin against adenosine deaminase were determined to be 5.3 X 10(-10)
      M, 2.1 X 10(-10) M and 7.6 X 10(-11) M, respectively. Adechlorin as well as
      coformycin and 2'-deoxycoformycin enhanced the antiviral activity of Ara-A. The
      acute toxicity of adechlorin in mice was less than those of coformycin and 2'
      deoxycoformycin.

PMID- 3840154
TI  - Diazaquinomycin A, a new antifolate antibiotic, inhibits thymidylate synthase.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of diazaquinomycin A (DQM) on the growth of Enterococcus
      faecium was completely reversed by thymidine. Relatively large amounts of folate,
      dihydrofolate or leucovorin also reversed the activity of DQM. DQM showed
      cytotoxicity against Vero and Raji cells and the cytotoxicity was partially
      reversed by leucovorin or thymidine. With enzyme experiments, it was found that
      DQM inhibits TMP synthases from E. faecium and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma
      competitively with 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, one of the substrates for the
      enzyme reaction.

PMID- 3840155
TI  - Structure of trienomycin A, a novel cytocidal ansamycin antibiotic.

PMID- 3840156
TI  - A novel antibiotic, sohbumycin. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and physico
      chemical and biological characteristics.
AB  - A new antibiotic sohbumycin, was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces
      sp. No. 82-85. It appeared to belong to the peptide lactone type of antibiotics
      from physico-chemical studies and has an empirical formula of C31H47N8O10Cl. In
      in vitro studies, the antibiotic was found to possess potent cytocidal activity
      against HeLa S3 cells and antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria
      with MIC values about 0.3-0.6 microgram/ml, but showed no activity on the Gram
      negative bacteria, yeast and fungi tested.

PMID- 3840157
TI  - 7-Hydroxyguanine, a novel antimetabolite from a strain of Streptomyces
      purpurascens. I. Taxonomy of producing organism, fermentation, isolation and
      biological activity.
AB  - Strain A-347, an actinomycete isolated from a soil sample, was found to produce a
      new antimetabolite, 7-hydroxyguanine. The aerial mycelium formed spiral spore
      chains with spiny spore surface. The chemical composition of strain A-347
      indicated that it was an actinomycete of cell wall Type I. From its
      morphological, cultural, physiological characteristics and direct comparison with
      the type culture, this strain was classified as Streptomyces purpurascens. 7
      Hydroxyguanine was purified from the broth filtrate by ion exchange
      chromatography and crystallized from hot 2 M NH4OH. 7-Hydroxyguanine inhibited
      the growth of experimental tumors such as L1210 leukemia.

PMID- 3840158
TI  - 7-Hydroxyguanine, a novel antimetabolite from a strain of Streptomyces
      purpurascens. II. Physico-chemical properties and structure determination.
AB  - The molecular formula of a new antimetabolite produced by Streptomyces
      purpurascens was determined to be C5H5N5O2 by elemental analysis, FD-MS and 13C
      NMR. Reduction of this antimetabolite with Raney nickel yielded guanine. The
      antimetabolite was distinguishable from known N-hydroxyguanines by comparison of
      their UV spectra. The structure of the antimetabolite was finally established to
      be 7-hydroxyguanine by X-ray crystallography.

PMID- 3840159
TI  - Threshold and loudness functions for pulsatile stimulation of cochlear implants.
AB  - Thresholds and loudness estimates were measured for biphasic pulsatile electrical
      stimulation of the auditory nerve. Measures were collected as a function of the
      parameters: pulse duration, and pulse rate. The results indicate that the
      sensations of threshold and loudness are determined by a complex function of the
      stimulating current waveform. For stimuli with the same charge, maximum loudness
      is seen at the shortest pulse durations, and a secondary maximum is seen at pulse
      durations of 2-3 ms/phase. It is possible that the secondary peak in the loudness
      function and the slow growth of loudness just above threshold for long pulses are
      indications of dendrite survival near the electrode. If this interpretation is
      valid, these measures could lead to perceptual tests of peripheral nerve
      viability. In addition, a speech processor device could use these measures to
      equalize the loudness of stimuli with different pulse durations and pulse rates.

PMID- 3840160
TI  - Current distributions in the cat cochlea: a modelling and electrophysiological
      study.
AB  - The current distribution of bipolar electrodes implanted into the scala tympani
      of the cat cochlea was investigated using a two-electrode masking technique. Two
      electrode masking is a non-invasive technique which requires two electrically
      independent electrodes and relies upon the forward masking of the electrically
      evoked brainstem response to a probe stimulus by that of a preceding test
      stimulus. The technique was described in terms of a model, which enabled an
      approach for estimating the scala tympani length constant to be established.
      Model results have shown good agreement with electrophysiological results.
      Application of the model confirmed the scala tympani length constant within the
      basal turn of the cochlea to lie between 3 and 4 mm.

PMID- 3840161
TI  - Identification and characterization of glycine-extended post-translational
      processing intermediates of progastrin in porcine stomach.
AB  - We developed a radioimmunoassay specific for glycine-extended progastrin
      processing intermediates (G-Gly) using antisera generated against the synthetic
      peptide Tyr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-Gly. Distribution of immunoreactivity in the
      porcine gastrointestinal tract obtained with this antibody paralleled that of
      gastrin with the mucosa containing the highest quantity, 116 +/- 22 pmol/g, wet
      weight (mean +/- S.E., n = 5), or roughly 4% of gastrin concentration. This
      immunoreactivity was localized specifically to antral mucosal G-cells by
      immunohistochemistry. On Sephadex G-50 column chromatography of porcine antral
      mucosal extracts glycine-extended progastrin processing intermediates were
      separated into three principal molecular forms, each corresponding to known
      molecular forms of gastrin, component I, tetratriacontagastrin (G34) and
      heptadecagastrin (G17). Following purification by antibody-coupled affinity
      chromatography, one molecular form corresponding to G17 in size was shown to have
      an amino terminus identical to that of G17. Another molecular form corresponding
      to G34 in size could be converted to the molecular form corresponding to G17 by
      tryptic digestion. Our findings indicate that glycine-extended progastrin
      processing intermediates may serve as immediate precursors for each molecular
      form of gastrin, thus suggesting an alternative pathway for gastrin biosynthesis
      more complex than that previously conceived.

PMID- 3840162
TI  - Structural and functional relationships of human ferritin H and L chains deduced
      from cDNA clones.
AB  - We have isolated essentially full-length cDNA clones for human ferritin H and L
      chains from a human liver cDNA library. This allows the first comparison of H and
      L nucleotide and amino acid sequences from the same species as well as ferritin L
      cDNA sequences from different species. We conclude that human H and L ferritins
      are related proteins which diverged about the time of evolution of birds and
      mammals. We also deduce the secondary structure of the H and L subunits and
      compare this with the known structure of horse spleen ferritin. We find that
      residues involved in subunit interaction in shell assembly are highly conserved
      in H and L sequences. However, we find several interesting differences in H
      subunits at the amino acid residues involved in iron transport and deposition.
      These substitutions could account for known differences in the uptake, storage,
      and release of iron from isoferritins of different subunit composition.

PMID- 3840163
TI  - Ferritin H and L chains are derived from different multigene families.
AB  - This paper explores the complexity of human ferritin H and L genes. We show that
      essentially full-length cDNA clones for human ferritin H and L chains do not
      cross-hybridize under moderate stringency conditions and present the first
      comparisons of H and L mRNAs and genes from the same species. Northern blot
      analyses indicate that the H and L mRNAs each contain about 1100 nucleotides.
      Subprobe analyses of Southern blots show that both H and L genes exist as
      multiple gene families. Both the 5' and 3' sequences of the H genes are
      heterogeneous, whereas the 3' end of the L gene is relatively conserved.

PMID- 3840164
TI  - Monoclonal antibody to the rat glucocorticoid receptor. Relationship between the
      immunoreactive and DNA-binding domain.
AB  - The region of the glucocorticoid receptor that reacted with a monoclonal antibody
      (BUGR-1) was identified. In order to identify the immunoreactive region, the rat
      liver glucocorticoid receptor was subjected to limited proteolysis;
      immunoreactive fragments were identified by Western blotting. The monoclonal
      antibody reacted with both the undigested Mr approximately 97,000 receptor
      subunit and a Mr approximately 45,000 fragment containing the steroid-binding and
      DNA-binding domains. Digestion by trypsin also produced two steroid-binding
      fragments of Mr approximately 27,000 and 31,000 which did not react with the
      antibody and an immunoreactive Mr approximately 16,000 fragment. This Mr
      approximately 16,000 fragment was shown to bind to DNA-cellulose, indicating that
      it contained a DNA-binding domain of the receptor. The undigested receptor must
      have steroid associated with it to undergo activation to a DNA-binding form.
      However, the Mr approximately 16,000 immunoreactive fragment binds to DNA
      cellulose even if it is obtained by digestion of the steroid-free holoreceptor
      which does not itself bind to DNA.

PMID- 3840165
TI  - The pairing activity of stable nucleoprotein filaments made from recA protein,
      single-stranded DNA, and adenosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate.
AB  - Under conditions that diminish secondary structure in single-stranded DNA, stable
      presynaptic filaments can be formed by recA protein in the presence of the
      nonhydrolyzable analog ATP gamma S, without the need for Escherichia coli single
      strand binding protein. Such stable presynaptic filaments resemble those formed
      in the presence of ATP and pair efficiently with homologous duplex DNA. Since
      this kind of stable filament does not displace a strand from the duplex molecule,
      it provides a model substrate to study synapsis independent of the earlier and
      later stages of the recA reaction. Even though detectable strand displacement did
      not occur in the presence of ATP gamma S, both single strand and double strand
      breaks in duplex DNA stimulated homologous pairing. These and related
      observations support the view that the presynaptic nucleoprotein filament and
      naked duplex DNA intertwine to form a nascent joint in which the duplex DNA is
      partially unwound, i.e. in which the pitch of the involved duplex segment is
      reduced.

PMID- 3840166
TI  - Modulation of the estrogen receptor's affinity for DNA by estradiol.
AB  - The binding constant for estrogen receptor-DNA interaction when measured in the
      presence and absence of estradiol revealed a distinct difference dependent upon
      whether the receptor was hormone-bound or hormone-free. The binding constant of
      estrogen receptor-DNA interaction was determined by analysis of the exponential
      elution profile of the estrogen receptor from DNA-Sepharose columns using Tris
      buffer at a constant salt concentration. The binding constant of the hormone
      bound estrogen receptor for DNA in Tris buffer, pH 7.4, containing 0.2 M KCl was
      10.1 +/- 0.8 X 10(6) M-1, 5-fold higher than the value for the hormone-free
      estrogen receptor. Analysis of the number of ionic bonds between the estrogen
      receptor and DNA indicates that the hormone-free receptor establishes eight salt
      bridges, while the hormone-bound estrogen receptor establishes 10-13. The
      affinity of the hormone-bound estrogen receptor for DNA in Tris buffer at pH 7.4
      in 0.2 M KCl is 10-fold greater than at pH 8.0, suggesting that ionic bonding
      between the receptor and DNA may involve histidine residues of the receptor. The
      concentration-dependence of the hormone-bound receptor's affinity for DNA
      emphasizes the receptor's associative state as an influence on the receptor's DNA
      binding characteristics. Our results demonstrate that estradiol modifies the
      conformation of the estrogen receptor to a state having an increased affinity for
      DNA.

PMID- 3840167
TI  - Interaction of malonyl-CoA and 2-tetradecylglycidyl-CoA with mitochondrial
      carnitine palmitoyltransferase I.
AB  - Malonyl-CoA and 2-tetradecylglycidyl-CoA (TG-CoA) are potent inhibitors of
      mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (EC 2.3.1.21). To gain insight
      into their mode of action, the effects of both agents on mitochondria from rat
      liver and skeletal muscle were examined before and after membrane disruption with
      octylglucoside or digitonin. Pretreatment of intact mitochondria with TG-CoA
      caused almost total suppression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, with
      concomitant loss in malonyl-CoA binding capacity. However, subsequent membrane
      solubilization with octylglucoside resulted in high and equal carnitine
      palmitoyltransferase activity from control and TG-CoA pretreated mitochondria;
      neither solubilized preparation showed sensitivity to malonyl-CoA or TG-CoA. Upon
      removal of the detergent by dialysis the bulk of carnitine palmitoyltransferase
      was reincorporated into membrane vesicles, but the reinserted enzyme remained
      insensitive to both inhibitors. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase containing
      vesicles failed to bind malonyl-CoA. With increasing concentrations of digitonin,
      release of carnitine palmitoyltransferase paralleled disruption of the inner
      mitochondrial membrane, as reflected by the appearance of matrix enzymes in the
      soluble fraction. The profile of enzyme release was identical in control and TG
      CoA pretreated mitochondria even though carnitine palmitoyltransferase I had been
      initially suppressed in the latter. Similar results were obtained when animals
      were treated with 2-tetradecylglycidate prior to the preparation of liver
      mitochondria. We conclude that malonyl-CoA and TG-CoA interact reversibly and
      irreversibly, respectively, with a common site on the mitochondrial (inner)
      membrane and that occupancy of this site causes inhibition of carnitine
      palmitoyltransferase I, but not of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II. Assuming
      that octylglucoside and digitonin do not selectively inactivate carnitine
      palmitoyltransferase I, the data suggest that both malonyl-CoA and TG-CoA
      interact with a regulatory locus that is closely juxtaposed to but distinct from
      the active site of the membrane-bound enzyme.

PMID- 3840168
TI  - Nonrandom location of H1-H1 degree histones on chromatin of mouse liver and
      brain.
AB  - The electrophoretic behavior of nucleosome dimers reconstituted with H1 or H1
      degrees and the features of the digestion of those reconstituted dimers with
      micrococcal nuclease were first investigated. Both criteria appear to support the
      notion that H1 degrees can replace H1 on the nucleosome on a one-to-one basis and
      that both proteins fulfill a similar structural role in chromatin. H1/H1 degrees
      ratios in different chromatin subfractions from mouse liver were then indirectly
      measured by means of an electrophoretic purification of H1 degrees- from H1
      containing nucleosome monomers, followed by a titration of different specific
      nucleotide sequences in the corresponding DNAs. Satellite and globin containing
      chromatin subfractions were found to contain only about half the amount of H1
      degrees which is normally encountered in bulk chromatin, indicating a nonrandom
      location of H1-H1 degrees variants on untranscribed sequences; in contrast,
      titrations with cDNA from poly(A+) RNA and albumin cDNA show an approximately 2
      fold enrichment in H1 degrees for the corresponding chromatin when compared to
      the same bulk chromatin. In the brain, inactive albumin chromatin contains a
      relative amount of both H1 variants similar to that found in satellite or globin
      chromatin in liver. Amounts of H1 degrees can, therefore, be correlated with
      different states of chromatin: an inactive state with a lower amount of H1
      degrees and a potentially active state with an enrichment in H1 degrees.

PMID- 3840169
TI  - Structural analogs of alkylacetylglycerophosphocholine inhibitory behavior on
      platelet activation.
AB  - Several analogs of alkylacetylglycerophosphocholine (AGEPC; platelet-activating
      factor) were investigated as potential selective inhibitors of AGEPC-induced
      activation of washed rabbit platelets. Two particular compounds, CV-3988 (rac-3
      (N-n-octadecylcarbamoyloxy)-2-methoxypropyl-2-thiazolioethyl++ + phosphate) and
      U66985 (1-O-octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoric acid-6'-trimethylammonium
      hexyl ester) emerged as particularly active and effective inhibitors. Aggregation
      and secretion profiles, as well as the degradation of inositol phospholipids and
      production of phosphatidic acid, were used as monitors of their inhibitory
      capabilities. U66985 was the most effective inhibitor, giving an IC50 value of
      4.1 +/- 1.5 X 10(-8) M against a challenge of 1 X 10(-10) M AGEPC in the
      secretion assay. Phospholipid turnover was blocked completely at this inhibitor
      concentration. On the other hand, while CV-3988 was an effective inhibitor, a
      higher concentration was required and a more restricted range of activity was
      noted with an IC50 value of 5.9 +/- 1.3 X 10(-7) M against a challenge of 1 X 10(
      10) M AGEPC in the secretion assay. While CV-3988 did indeed completely block the
      turnover of inositol phospholipids and phosphatidic acid formation, these effects
      were noted at a higher concentration than with U66985. On the basis of data
      obtained in desensitization experiments with AGEPC and U66985, it appears that
      each inhibitor occupies the same receptor site as the agonist, AGEPC. These
      results illustrate the usefulness of these AGEPC analogs in exploring the
      biochemical characteristics of the interaction of AGEPC with a cell.

PMID- 3840170
TI  - The national Canadian study of carcinoma of the prostate treated by external beam
      radiation (1970-1978): I. a medical audit.
AB  - Data on the management of carcinoma of the prostate by radiation therapy were
      obtained from 12 centres in Canada. The outcome in a total of 1496 patients has
      been analysed as a medical audit. The crude five-year survival is 69% and at
      eight years it is 51%.

PMID- 3840171
TI  - Computer systems for laboratory networks and high-performance NMR.
AB  - Modern computer technology is significantly enhancing the associated tasks of
      spectroscopic data acquisition and data reduction and analysis. Distributed data
      processing techniques, particularly laboratory computer networking, are rapidly
      changing the scientist's ability to optimize results from complex experiments.
      Optimization of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and magnetic
      resonance imaging (MRI) experimental results requires use of powerful, large
      memory (virtual memory preferred) computers with integrated (and supported) high
      speed links to magnetic resonance instrumentation. Laboratory architectures with
      larger computers, in order to extend data reduction capabilities, have
      facilitated the transition to NMR laboratory computer networking. Examples of a
      polymer microstructure analysis and in vivo 31P metabolic analysis are given.
      This paper also discusses laboratory data processing trends anticipated over the
      next 5-10 years. Full networking of NMR laboratories is just now becoming a
      reality.

PMID- 3840172
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of 2-[2-methoxy-4
      (methylsulfinyl)phenyl]-1H-imidazo-[4,5-c] pyridine hydrochloride, a potent
      cardiotonic agent, and two metabolites in plasma.

PMID- 3840173
TI  - Low serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in human magnesium
      deficiency.
AB  - The effect of magnesium deficiency on vitamin D metabolism was assessed in 23
      hypocalcemic magnesium-deficient patients by measuring the serum concentrations
      of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] before,
      during, and after 5-13 days of parenteral magnesium therapy. Magnesium therapy
      raised mean basal serum magnesium [1.0 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- SEM) mg/dl] and calcium
      levels (7.2 +/- 0.2 mg/dl) into the normal range (2.2 +/- 0.1 and 9.3 +/- 0.1
      mg/dl, respectively; P less than 0.001). The mean serum 25OHD concentration was
      in the low normal range (13.2 +/- 1.5 ng/ml) before magnesium administration and
      did not significantly change after this therapy (14.8 +/- 1.5 ng/ml). Sixteen of
      the 23 patients had low serum 1,25-(OH)2D levels (less than 30 pg/ml). After
      magnesium therapy, only 5 of the patients had a rise in the serum 1,25-(OH)2D
      concentration into or above the normal range despite elevated levels of serum
      immunoreactive PTH. An additional normocalcemic hypomagnesemic patient had low
      1,25-(OH)2D levels which did not rise after 5 days of magnesium therapy. The
      serum vitamin D-binding protein concentration, assessed in 11 patients, was low
      (273 +/- 86 micrograms/ml) before magnesium therapy, but normalized (346 +/- 86
      micrograms/ml) after magnesium repletion. No correlation with serum 1,25-(OH)2D
      levels was found. The functional capacity of vitamin D-binding protein to bind
      hormone, assessed by the internalization of [3H]1,25-(OH)2D3 by intestinal
      epithelial cells in the presence of serum was not significantly different from
      normal (11.42 +/- 1.45 vs. 10.27 +/- 1.27 fmol/2 X 10(6) cells, respectively).
      These data show that serum 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations are frequently low in
      patients with magnesium deficiency and may remain low even after 5-13 days of
      parenteral magnesium administration. The data also suggest that a normal 1,25
      (OH)2D level is not required for the PTH-mediated calcemic response to magnesium
      administration. We conclude that magnesium depletion may impair vitamin D
      metabolism.

PMID- 3840174
TI  - Characteristics and bisphosphonate treatment of a patient with juvenile
      osteoporosis.
AB  - We studied a 13 1/2-yr-old boy with severe juvenile osteoporosis and multiple
      metaphyseal and vertebral fractures. Biochemically, there was evidence of non-PTH
      mediated excessive bone resorption, low intestinal calcium absorption, and a
      strikingly negative calcium balance. He was treated with (3-amino-1
      hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonate, a bisphosphonate capable of inhibiting
      bone resorption rapidly, and had dramatic clinical and biochemical improvement.
      All indices of resorption were normal within a week after initiation of therapy
      and his 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration, which was only 9.6 pg/ml before
      treatment, rose to 62.4 pg/ml. These changes were associated with an increase in
      calcium absorption and positive calcium balance. Radiological improvement with
      healing of metaphyseal and one diaphyseal fractures and signs of sclerosis near
      the growth plates of the affected metaphyses and at the end plates of the
      vertebrae also occurred. (3-Amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonate,
      therefore, with its rapid suppression of resorption and the accompanying hormonal
      changes, is a very effective treatment for juvenile osteoporosis. The primary
      defect of this obscure syndrome seems to be uncontrolled activity of metaphyseal
      osteoclasts; disturbances of vitamin D metabolism and of intestinal calcium
      absorption are secondary events.

PMID- 3840175
TI  - Serum protein binding of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D: a reevaluation by direct
      measurement of free metabolite levels.
AB  - Using the technique of centrifugal ultrafiltration isodialysis to measure the
      free concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D], we determined the
      affinity of serum proteins for 1,25-(OH)2D both by Scatchard analysis (increasing
      ligand concentration at fixed binding site concentrations) and by a novel
      analysis in which the binding site concentrations were varied (serial dilution)
      at fixed ligand concentrations. The high affinity binding constant in serum for
      1,25-(OH)2D was 3.7 X 10(7) M-1 by Scatchard analysis and 4.2 X 10(7) M-1 by
      serial dilution analysis. Human serum albumin had a much lower affinity for 1,25
      (OH)2D (5.4 X 10(4) M-1). When vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) was selectively
      removed from serum by an actin affinity column, the affinity of the remaining
      serum proteins for 1,25-(OH)2D was that of albumin. Postulating a two-site model
      (DBP and albumin) for transport of 1,25-(OH)2D in serum and incorporating the
      estimated affinity constants of DBP and albumin for this metabolite, we
      calculated that 85% of total circulating 1,25-(OH)2D is transported in blood
      bound to DBP in normal individuals (0.4% is free and 14.6% is bound to albumin).
      In patients with liver disease, 73% is bound to DBP (1.1% is free and 25.9% is
      bound to albumin). Using this same two site model, we found a reasonable
      correlation (r = 0.612; P less than 0.001) between the measured free 1,25-(OH)2D
      level and the calculated free 1,25-(OH)2D level in serum based on albumin and DBP
      concentrations in 16 normal subjects and 16 patients with liver disease. These
      results confirm the concept that although DBP is the principal protein carrier of
      1,25-(OH)2D in serum, albumin is a major secondary carrier, especially in
      patients with low DBP levels.

PMID- 3840176
TI  - Glutathione cycle activity and pyridine nucleotide levels in oxidant-induced
      injury of cells.
AB  - Exposure of target cells to a bolus of H2O2 induced cell lysis after a latent
      period of several hours, which was prevented only when the H2O2 was removed
      within the first 30 min of injury by addition of catalase. This indicated that
      early metabolic events take place that are important in the fate of the cell
      exposed to oxidants. In this study, we described two early and independent events
      of H2O2-induced injury in P388D1 macrophagelike tumor cells: activation of the
      glutathione cycle and depletion of cellular NAD. Glutathione cycle and hexose
      monophosphate shunt (HMPS) were activated within seconds after the addition of
      H2O2. High HMPS activity maintained glutathione that was largely reduced.
      However, when HMPS activity was inhibited--by glucose depletion or by incubation
      at 4 degrees C--glutathione remained in the oxidized state. Total pyridine
      nucleotide levels were diminished when cells were exposed to H2O2, and the
      breakdown product, nicotinamide, was recovered in the extracellular medium.
      Intracellular NAD levels fell by 80% within 20 min of exposure of cells to H2O2.
      The loss of NADP(H) and stimulation of the HMPS could be prevented when the
      glutathione cycle was inhibited by either blocking glutathione synthesis with
      buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or by inhibiting glutathione reductase with (1,3
      bis) 2 chlorethyl-1-nitrosourea. The loss of NAD developed independently of
      glutathione cycle and HMPS activity, as it also occurred in BSO-treated cells.

PMID- 3840177
TI  - Oxidants increase paracellular permeability in a cultured epithelial cell line.
AB  - Inflammation of epithelia is an important step in the pathophysiology of a wide
      variety of diseases. Because reactive oxygen metabolites are important effector
      molecules of acute inflammation, we examined the effect of oxidants on the
      barrier function of a cultured epithelium, Madin Darby Canine Kidney cells, by
      measuring the transepithelial electrical conductance, Gt, of monolayers grown on
      permeable supports. We found that H2O2, added directly or generated with glucose
      oxidase, increased Gt. Similar effects were observed with addition of xanthine
      and xanthine oxidase, a system which enzymatically generates superoxide radical
      O2-. The oxidant-induced increase in Gt was reversible if the exposure to
      oxidants was not prolonged (less than 20 min), and if the concentration of H2O2
      was less than 5 X 10(-3) M. The increase in Gt suggested that oxidants increase
      the permeability of the paracellular pathway, a suggestion supported by an
      oxidant-induced increase in the permeability to 14C-mannitol, which primarily
      crosses epithelia via the extracellular route. In addition to functional changes
      in the epithelial monolayer, oxidants changed the cell morphology; after H2O2
      exposure, the cells tended to pull apart, most prominently at their basolateral
      surfaces. These changes were heterogeneous with most areas showing no changes.
      Some of the morphologic changes could be reversed if the exposure to H2O2 was
      limited. We also observed a disruption of the normal pattern of the actin
      cytoskeleton, particularly in the area of cell to cell junctions, as demonstrated
      by fluorescent staining of f-actin with rhodamine phallicidin. These functional
      and structural findings indicate that oxidants increase the permeability of the
      paracellular pathway in a cultured epithelium. The changes can be reversible, and
      are accompanied by alterations in organization of the cell cytoskeleton. These
      studies demonstrate the dynamic nature of the interaction between epithelial
      cells and oxygen metabolites.

PMID- 3840179
TI  - Development of the spinocerebellar system in the postnatal rat.
AB  - The distribution of spinocerebellar projections from birth to adulthood in rats
      was analyzed by anterograde and retrograde tracing methods. A correlation between
      mossy fiber synaptogenesis and the establishment of spinocerebellar topography
      was also investigated with electron microscopy. Experiments with retrograde
      transport techniques indicate that the spinal axons reach the cerebellum in two
      successive groups: the first one, appearing prenatally, contains axons from
      neurons in the central cervical nucleus, Clarke's column, the sacral nucleus of
      Stilling, as well as from border cells. The second group, which reaches the
      cerebellum by P3, arises from new neurons of the same nuclear regions and from
      scattered cells of the spinal gray matter. The distribution and the morphological
      appearance of the spinal cells change between P1 and P3 and give the adult
      pattern by P7. The establishment of spinocerebellar projections occurs in four
      successive stages. In a first stage, spinal axons reach the cerebellum and occupy
      the prospective white matter of the anterior vermal lobe and of the pyramis.
      Later, during a "waiting" stage between P1 and P3, the spinal fibers become
      denser in the central white matter of both their anterior and posterior target
      zones but do not penetrate the gray matter. From P3 to P5 the protocolumnar stage
      takes place, and spinal axons invade the granular layer of the anterior lobe,
      where they begin to be organized in nascent sagittal columns. At the end of this
      stage, identifiable synaptic contacts between mossy terminals and granule cell
      dendrites are first observed in the anterior lobe by electron microscopy. In the
      pyramis, invasion of the granular layer begins only at P5. Between P5 and P7 the
      low intercolumnar dispersion of spinal fibers disappears and the projection
      reaches its fourth and final stage, characterized by a columnar organization
      corresponding to the adult pattern of the spinocerebellar projection. These
      results indicate that (1) the adult pattern of spinocerebellar projections is
      attained by P7. (2) The asynchronous invasion of the gray matter in the anterior
      and posterior lobes may be related to the chronology of mossy fiber maturation in
      these regions. (3) There is a temporal correlation between the columnar
      organization of the spinal axons and the appearance of the earliest-maturing
      mossy rosettes. However, a clear relationship between synaptogenesis and
      topographic organization could not be demonstrated.

PMID- 3840180
TI  - The connections between the olfactory bulb and the brain in the goldfish.
AB  - We have investigated olfactory bulb connections in the goldfish by using both
      horseradish peroxidase applied to olfactory tract lesions and wheat germ
      agglutinin-conjugated peroxidase administered to the olfactory bulb. The
      projections from the bulb pass to the brain in two major bundles: the lateral and
      the medial olfactory tracts. The lateral tract innervates the posterior terminal
      field in the area dorsalis. The medial tract divides into two rami. The
      dorsolateral ramus is the most substantial olfactory bundle in the brain and
      innervates several targets in both the area dorsalis and the area ventralis. The
      ventromedial ramus appears to innervate targets in the area ventralis
      exclusively. In addition, fibers of the medial olfactory tract (both rami)
      innervate the preoptic nucleus as well as targets in the diencephalon and,
      possibly, in the mesencephalon as well. Olfactory fibers from the dorsolateral
      and ventro-medial rami cross the midline in the dorsal and ventral olfactory
      decussations, respectively. Between these two decussations is a dense olfactory
      plexus which has not previously been reported, and which may serve as a nexus
      allowing interchange of fibers between the two olfactory rami. The terminal nerve
      in the goldfish has two parts. The major part of the nerve projects to the
      ventral nucleus (Vv) and is far more extensive than has previously been reported.
      A much less substantial component of the terminal nerve projects to the two
      retinae. There are four large groups of cells in the telencephalon which project
      to the olfactory bulb. Of these two, the dorsal and the anterolateral groups have
      not been described in previous studies of the goldfish. We also report weakly
      labeled bulbopetal cells in the nucleus preglomerulosus and in the locus
      ceruleus.

PMID- 3840178
TI  - Catalytic defect of medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. Lack
      of both cofactor responsiveness and biochemical heterogeneity in eight patients.
AB  - Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase (MCADH; EC 1.3.99.3) deficiency
      (MCD) is an inborn error of beta-oxidation. We measured 3H2O formed by the
      dehydrogenation of [2,3-3H]acyl-CoAs in a 3H-release assay. Short-chain acyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase (SCADH; EC 1.3.99.2), MCADH, and isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase
      (IVDH; EC 1.3.99.10) activities were assayed with 100 microM [2,3-3H]butyryl-, 
      octanoyl-, and -isovaleryl-CoAs, respectively, in fibroblasts cultured from
      normal controls and MCD patients. Without the artificial electron acceptor
      phenazine methosulfate (PMS), MCADH activity in fibroblast mitochondrial sonic
      supernatants (MS) was 54% of control in two MCD cell lines (P less than 0.05).
      Addition of 10 mM PMS raised control acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities 16-fold
      and revealed MCADH and SCADH activities to be 5 (P less than 0.01) and 73% (P
      greater than 0.1) of control, respectively. Thus, the catalytic defect in MCD
      involves substrate binding and/or dehydrogenation by MCADH and not the subsequent
      reoxidation of reduced MCADH by electron acceptors. 20 microM flavin adenine
      dinucleotide (FAD) did not stimulate MCD MCADH activity in either the 3H-release
      or electron-transfer(ring) flavoprotein-linked dye-reduction assays. Mixing
      experiments revealed no MCADH inhibitor in MCD MS; IVDH activities were identical
      in both control and MCD MS. In postmortem liver MS from another MCD patient, 3H2O
      formation from [2,3-3H]octanoyl-CoA was 15% of control. When 3H2O formation was
      assayed with 200 microM [2,3-3H]acyl-CoAs, 15 mM PMS, and 20 microM FAD in
      fibroblast sonic supernatants from seven MCD cell lines, SCADH, MCADH, and IVDH
      activities were 72-112% (P greater than 0.1), 4-9% (P less than 0.01), and 86
      135% (P greater than 0.1) of control, respectively, revealing no significant
      biochemical heterogeneity among these patients.

PMID- 3840181
TI  - Projections from the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus to the central nucleus of
      the inferior colliculus in young and aging C57BL/6 mice.
AB  - Projections from the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) to the central
      nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) were studied in young and aging C57BL/6
      mice. The latter animals demonstrate progressive loss of hearing. Wheat germ
      agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was injected into the inferior
      colliculus and retrograde transport to the AVCN sections, quality of labelling,
      number of labelled neurons adjusted for injection size, or topographic
      organization of projections. Thus, despite progressing loss of auditory
      sensitivity, chronic profound hearing loss (oldest animals), and aging,
      projections from AVCN to ICC remain stable.

PMID- 3840182
TI  - Long ascending projections to the midbrain from cells of lamina I and nucleus of
      the dorsolateral funiculus of the rat spinal cord.
AB  - Small volumes (5-40 nl) of an aqueous solution of wheat-germ-agglutinin
      conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) were injected unilaterally into
      midbrain structures of 18 adult, albino rats. In 17 of these preparations cells
      of many types were found to be retrogradely labeled in cervical and lumbar spinal
      cord segments. The data reported here concern the number and location of labeled
      cells from injection sites in the midbrain that affected two distinct cell
      populations: neurons within the marginal layer (lamina I cells) and neurons of
      the nucleus of the dorsolateral funiculus (NDLF cells). In ten of the
      preparations, only nine of which are reported in detail here, a total of 1,831
      labeled lamina I cells were identified. In the lumbar enlargement they reached a
      density of more than 60 cells/mm. Of these, 85% projected to medial portions of
      the caudal, contralateral midbrain. Injection sites that were centered in the
      caudal periaqueductal gray (PAG) and/or in the immediately adjacent region of
      nucleus cuneiformis labeled the largest numbers of lamina I cells. Cells of the
      NDLF were retrogradely labeled in all preparations in which lamina I cells were
      labeled but they were also observed in five cases in which lamina I cells were
      not labeled. A total of 1,914 NDLF cells were labeled from all injection sites.
      These cells were found to have essentially a bilateral distribution with 57% of
      the cells located in the contralateral DLF. Although there is substantial overlap
      between the terminal fields of lamina I and NDLF cells within the midbrain, NDLF
      cells had a more diffuse target area encompassing the reticular core of the
      midbrain and PAG, bilaterally, while the target area for lamina I cells was
      comparatively discrete, being largely restricted to the more medially situated
      midbrain structures, contralaterally. Whether the terminations of lamina I cells
      in and near the PAG are from collaterals of spinothalamic neurons originating in
      lamina I, or a subclass of lamina I neurons that project exclusively to the
      midbrain, is not known. It is significant, however, that lamina I cells, known to
      be activated by noxious stimuli to the skin, should project to a region of the
      brain stem from which analgesia can be produced by electrical stimulation or by
      local application of opiates.

PMID- 3840183
TI  - The central organization of the vagus nerve innervating the stomach of the rat.
AB  - We employed the neural tracers cholera toxin-horseradish peroxidase and wheat
      germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase to examine the organization of the
      afferent and efferent connections of the stomach within the medulla oblongata of
      the rat. The major finding of this study is that gastric motoneurons of the
      dorsal motor nucleus (DMN) possess numerous dendrites penetrating discrete
      regions of the overlying nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). In particular,
      dendritic labelling was present in areas of NTS which also received terminals of
      gastric vagal afferent fibers such as the subnucleus gelatinosus, nucleus
      commissuralis, and medial nucleus of NTS. This codistribution of afferent and
      efferent elements of the gastric vagus may provide loci for monosynaptic
      vagovagal interactions. A small number of dendrites of DMN neurons penetrated the
      ependyma of the fourth ventricle and a few others entered the ventral aspect of
      the area postrema, thus making possible the direct contact of preganglionic
      neurons with humoral input from the cerebrospinal fluid and/or the peripheral
      plasma. Nucleus ambiguus neurons projecting to the stomach predominantly
      innervate the forestomach. The dendrites of these cells, when labelled, were
      generally short, and extended beyond the compact cluster of ambiguus neurons in a
      ventrolateral direction, parallel to the fascicles of vagal efferent fibers
      traversing the medulla.

PMID- 3840184
TI  - An HRP-TMB ultrastructural study of rubral afferents in the rat.
AB  - The projections from the deep cerebellar nuclei and the sensorimotor cortex to
      the red nucleus were studied in the rat using anterograde transport of
      horseradish peroxidase conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin (HRP-WGA). The
      anterogradely transported HRP-WGA was visualized ultrastructurally by using a
      modification of the tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) histochemical technique of Carson
      and Mesulam ('82). Following injection of HRP-WGA into the sensorimotor cortex,
      ultrastructural examination of anterograde labeling in the ipsilateral red
      nucleus revealed labeled synaptic terminals located on small-diameter dendrites
      of the parvocellular region. These terminals made asymmetrical contacts and
      contained round vesicles. HRP-WGA placement in the nucleus lateralis resulted in
      anterograde labeling of synaptic terminals which made asymmetrical contacts with
      small- to medium-sized dendrites of the parvocellular red nucleus. Similar
      placements in the nucleus interpositus gave rise to anterograde labeling of
      synaptic terminals which made asymmetrical contacts with somata and proximal
      dendrites of magnocellular neurons. In addition, retrograde labeling of
      magnocellular neurons was also observed following HRP-WGA placements in the
      nucleus interpositus. Anterogradely labeled interpositorubral synaptic terminals
      were located on retrogradely labeled rubrocerebellar neurons. The rat red nucleus
      thus receives topographically organized afferents which are characterized by
      their specificity in location at the cellular level.

PMID- 3840185
TI  - Observation on the use of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the prevention of bovine
      parturient paresis: the effect of a single injection on plasma 1 alpha
      hydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, calcium, and hydroxyproline.
AB  - Israeli Friesian cows in the third or later lactation, were injected
      intramuscularly with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in propylene glycol. Plasma 1
      alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 peaked 24 to 48 h after 700 micrograms of the drug was
      injected and decreased to the initial concentration 4 d later. The disappearance
      rate of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 from the blood was .330 d-1 (biological half
      life of 2.1 d). Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 peaked 24 to 48 h after the
      injection and approached the initial concentration 5 to 7 d later. Plasma calcium
      increased within 24 h, reached a plateau at 4 to 6 d, and then decreased.
      Administration of 700 micrograms 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 resulted in higher
      plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium concentrations than when 350
      micrograms of the drug was injected. 1 alpha-Hydroxyvitamin D3 did not affect
      plasma hydroxyproline. The injection of 700 micrograms 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3
      52 to 36 h before parturition resulted in a greater increase in plasma 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 than that obtained with 350 micrograms. In both groups 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 peaked 24 h after injection, as opposed to the controls,
      which peaked 72 h postpartum. At parturition, the 700-micrograms dose resulted in
      a slight hypercalcemia; the 350-micrograms dose moderated the hypocalcemia
      prevalent during this period, whereas in controls hypocalcemia was more
      pronounced. In cows injected with 700 micrograms, hypercalcemia was observed
      until the 15th d postpartum. Plasma hydroxyproline was elevated in all cows 48 to
      72 h after parturition, but the increase was smaller in animals injected with 1
      alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3840186
TI  - Effects of feeding whole cottonseed to lactating dairy cows on glucose and
      palmitate metabolism.
AB  - Eight lactating Holstein dairy cows were fed corn silage-based diets with or
      without whole cottonseed at 18.5% of the dietary dry matter. At 42 days
      postpartum, a pulse injection of 100 mg glucose/kg body weight was given
      intravenously and plasma glucose concentration was monitored for 45 min. At 50 d
      postpartum, biopsies of adipose tissue and mammary tissue were taken and tissue
      slices were incubated in vitro with either uniform carbon-14 glucose or 1-carbon
      14 palmitate. Basal concentration of plasma glucose was not affected by diet,
      although apparent distribution volume of glucose did seem to decrease due to
      feeding whole cottonseed. Feeding whole cottonseed decreased uptake of glucose
      and palmitate in both adipose tissue and mammary tissue and also decreased
      oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide in both tissues. Palmitate oxidation was
      not affected by diet. Incorporation of carbon-14 from glucose into adipose tissue
      lipids was decreased in cows fed whole cottonseed. Results indicate that fat
      supplementation in the form of whole cottonseed may decrease palmitate
      incorporation and glucose utilization for glycerol and reducing equivalent
      synthesis in both adipose tissue and mammary tissue of lactating dairy cows.

PMID- 3840187
TI  - Ogilvie's syndrome associated with herpes zoster infection.
AB  - Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction that occurs in the setting of an underlying
      medical condition is known as Ogilvie's syndrome. The etiology of Ogilvie's
      syndrome is unknown, and associated medical illnesses are varied and often extra
      abdominal. While herpes zoster infection has been reported to cause constipation
      and hypomotility, the association with massive colonic distention has not so far
      been described. We present a patient with Ogilvie's syndrome in the setting of
      herpes zoster infection. There was no evidence of other active illnesses, and the
      patient has continued to do well since the resolution of the zoster. We believe
      that this is the first reported association of Ogilvie's syndrome and herpes
      zoster infection.

PMID- 3840188
TI  - Production of monoclonal antibodies against RT2 antigens of the rat and the
      definition of a new locus, RT9, linked to RT2.
AB  - Efforts were made to generate hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies against
      the RT2a, RT2b and RT3a antigens of the rat. While a number of hybridomas from
      each of five different fusions was found to produce antibodies against the RT2b
      antigen, no hybridoma producing antibody to the RT2a antigen could be detected
      among those generated in six different fusions. No stable hybridoma secreting
      antibody specific for the RT3a antigen could be established in three different
      fusions, although one positive culture was detected. In the course of this work,
      a monoclonal antibody against a new antigenic specificity was detected in one of
      the two strain combinations in which the anti-RT2b antibodies were raised. The
      locus controlling this antigen, which was designated RT9, maps 4.9 (2.2-12.6) cM
      from RT2.

PMID- 3840189
TI  - Comparative protection efficiency of UVA- and UVB-induced tans against erythema
      and formation of endonuclease-sensitive sites in DNA by UVB in human skin.
AB  - UVA- and UVB-induced tans which were visually identical with each other were
      induced in separate sites on the lower back of 5 normal human volunteers of good
      tanning ability. Tanning was achieved by 4 exposures to UVA and UVB administered
      over an 8-day period. One week after the last exposure the protection afforded by
      the two types of tan against UVB-induced erythema and against UVB-induced DNA
      damage was measured. Protection against erythema was measured by comparison of
      the minimal erythema doses of UVB in tanned and untanned skin. Protection against
      DNA damage was assessed by comparing the numbers of endonuclease-sensitive sites
      in epidermal DNA extracted from biopsies taken from tanned and untanned sites
      exposed to the same dose of UVB. The UVB tans conferred significant protection
      (mean 2.98-fold) against UVB-induced erythema. UVA tans were not associated with
      significant protection (mean 1.4-fold). In contrast, both UVA- and UVB-induced
      tans were associated with a similar reduction in yield of endonuclease-sensitive
      sites in epidermal DNA (in UVA tan to 47% and in UVB tan to 45% of the yield in
      untanned skin). Protection conferred by the tans against erythema was therefore
      not paralleled by protection against DNA damage.

PMID- 3840190
TI  - Detection of multiple serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis in genital infections.
AB  - Eight genital isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis that each contained two different
      serovars were identified by typing with serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies.
      Mixed infections were confirmed by using serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies
      in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. For some isolates, fluorescein/rhodamine
      double-label indirect immunofluorescence with mixtures of IgM and IgG monoclonal
      antibodies to Chlamydia provided direct visual confirmation of mixed infection.
      Two isolates contained serovars D and F, and two E and F; one isolate contained
      serovars Ba and E, one D and J, one I' and F, and one E and J. In a sample of 352
      genital isolates of C. trachomatis consecutively typed by dot ELISA with
      monoclonal antibodies, seven (2%) demonstrated mixed serovars.

PMID- 3840191
TI  - [Plasma levels of thromboxane B2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha in patients with variant
      angina].

PMID- 3840192
TI  - An animal model of acute otitis media and the histopathological assessment of a
      cochlear implant in the cat.

PMID- 3840193
TI  - Transantral orbital decompression in the treatment of Graves' disease.
AB  - A series of twenty patients operated on for severe endocrine exophthalmos is
      presented. All the operations were performed by removing the orbital floor,
      making a total ethmoidectomy and removing part of the inferior orbital margin; in
      some cases, a section of the lateral orbital wall was also removed. No serious
      complications were detected. In all but one patient there was an immediate,
      marked decrease in exophthalmometry. A marked decrease of the inflammatory signs
      of the conjunctivae was also observed within a week following surgery.

PMID- 3840194
TI  - Recurrent mammary gland contractions induced by a low tonic release of oxytocin
      in rats.
AB  - In urethane-anaesthetized lactating rats, intramammary pressure occasionally
      displayed recurrent variations or oscillations having a slow rise time, low
      amplitude, long duration and a periodicity of 1-4 min. These oscillations
      differed from changes in intramammary pressure characteristic of reflex milk
      ejections induced by suckling, and were also observed in unsuckled rats. They
      were suppressed by lesions of the pituitary stalk or by stimulating the septum, a
      structure that inhibits the activity of the magnocellular system. They could be
      induced by long-term low frequency stimulation of the pituitary stalk, lesions of
      the septum or long-term infusions of oxytocin at a low rate of 0.05-0.3 mu./min.
      We suggest that the recurrent oscillations in intramammary pressure constitute a
      particular mode of response of the mammary gland to a tonic release of oxytocin
      resulting from a moderate but sustained increase in the basal level of electrical
      activity of the oxytocin-secreting neurones.

PMID- 3840196
TI  - Prolactin in animal experimentation. Report on the workshop conference of the
      German Society for Clinical Chemistry held on November 8 to 9, 1984 in Rodermark,
      FRG.
AB  - Work in recent years has revealed that prolactin can no longer be considered
      exclusively as a lactation hormone, and must be seen in a much wider
      physiological perspective. Biochemical and pharmacological studies in animals
      have made a special contribution, and prolactin is becoming increasingly
      important in toxicological investigations. The general custom of using rats for
      such studies has its own inherent problems, involving both the analytical
      methodology and the special requirements that must be observed in the housing and
      handling of these experimental animals. The aim of workshop conference was to
      review these special problems, together with our present knowledge of the
      mechanisms of prolactin secretion, and to present examples of pharmacological and
      toxicological studies on prolactin. Dohler (Hannover) spoke on the effect of
      experimental and pre-experimental conditions on the results of prolactin
      determination in rats. He described in detail the influence of sex, age and
      animal strain, and of biological rhythms. Alongside these physiological factors,
      however, a very great influence is exerted by the conditions of housing, and any
      external interference leads to often dramatic alterations in prolactin secretion.
      Wuttke (Gottingen) discussed the mechanisms of prolactin secretion in the rat.
      Here, dopamine holds a key position. This is also pharmacologically important,
      because prolactin secretion is stimulated by all dopamine antagonists and
      inhibited by all dopamine agonists. Vasointestinal polypeptide (VIP) and
      thyroliberin (TRH) stimulate prolactin secretion directly. The contribution by
      Nagy (Budapest) dealt with prolactin secretion in lactating rats and its
      modification by various transmitters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3840195
TI  - Thymus-leukemia (TL) antigens of the mouse. Analysis of TL mRNA and TL cDNA TL+
      and TL- strains.
AB  - A thymus-leukemia (TL)-specific probe, pTL1, has been generated from a TL-coding
      gene of BALB/c mice. Multiple species of TL mRNA were detected in TL+ cells by
      Northern blot analysis with pTL1, and different Tla haplotypes could be
      distinguished on the basis of characteristic patterns of TL mRNA. No TL-related
      message was found in normal or leukemic TL- cells, including thymocytes from Tlab
      mice. However, TL mRNA could be detected in TL+ leukemias occurring in Tlab mice.
      A cDNA library has been made from ASL1 (a TL+ leukemia of A mice [Tlaa]), and
      pTL1+ clones have been sequenced. At least three structurally distinct TL genes
      are expressed in ASL1. Sequence comparison of TL genes from three Tla haplotypes
      indicates that TL genes are highly conserved (greater than 90% homology) and are
      more distantly related to H-2 genes. Several polyadenylation sites have been
      found in the 3' untranslated region of TL genes, and differential polyadenylation
      contributes to the size heterogeneity of TL transcripts. The predicted amino acid
      sequence of TL products indicates that TL and H-2 are similar in domain structure
      and disulfide bonds, but differ in glycosylation sites and in cytoplasmic domain
      sequences.

PMID- 3840197
TI  - Presence of HBV DNA in spermatozoa: a possible vertical transmission of HBV via
      the germ line.
AB  - Using molecular hybridization we studied the presence and state of HBV DNA in
      sperm samples obtained from 17 patients with HBV infection (eight HBsAg chronic
      carrier, nine acute hepatitis B). Presence of HBV DNA was detected in three
      samples of seminal fluid from three patients with acute hepatitis. Restriction
      enzyme patterns of cellular DNA were consistent with presence of integrated HBV
      DNA sequences in spermatozoa from two of these three patients. The results
      indicate that HBV DNA may be present in the semen, at least during the acute
      phase of HBV infection. The presence of HBV DNA in seminal fluid confirms the
      possibility of venereal transmission. The presence of integrated sequences in
      spermatozoa suggests the possibility of true vertical transmission of HBV via the
      germ line.

PMID- 3840198
TI  - Carotenoids of tunicates. III. The structural elucidation of two new marine
      carotenoids, amarouciaxanthin A and B.
AB  - The structure of two new marine carotenoids, isolated from the tunicate,
      Amaroucium pliciferum, and designated as amarouciaxanthin A and B, were
      determined on the basis of chemical and spectral data. Amarouciaxanthin A was
      determined as (6S, 3'S, 5'R,6'R)- 6,3',5'-trihydroxy-4,5,6',7'-tetradehydro
      7,8,5',6'-tetrahydro-beta, beta-carotene-3,8-dione, and Amarouciaxanthin B was
      determined as (6S,3'R)-6,3'-dihydroxy-4,5,7',8'-tetradehydro-7,8-dihydro
      beta,beta- carotene-3,8-dione. These two compounds are also presumed to be new
      metabolic products of a typical marine carotenoid, fucoxanthin.

PMID- 3840199
TI  - Desacetyluvaricin from Uvaria accuminata, configuration of uvaricin at C-36.

PMID- 3840200
TI  - Improvements in data collection through physician use of a computer-based
      chemotherapy treatment consultant.
AB  - The impact of a computer-based data management system on the completeness of
      clinical trial data was studied before and after the system's introduction in an
      oncology clinic. Physicians use the system, termed ONCOCIN, to record data during
      patient visits and to receive advice about treatment and tests required by
      experimental cancer protocols. Although ONCOCIN does not force the user to enter
      all data expected by the protocol, after its introduction there was improvement
      in the recording frequency of such data. The percentage of expected physical
      findings recorded increased from 74% to 91% (P less than .05), toxicity history
      from less than 1% to 45% (P less than .01), general chemistry results from 36% to
      82% (P less than .01), x-ray results from 44% to 73% (P less than .01), and
      physicians' assessments of overall disease activity and Karnofsky performance
      status from 73% to 91% (P less than .05). Analysis of the steps in data
      collection and their contribution to loss of data suggests that observations or
      test ordering which are dependent on the physician are most improved by the
      system. Furthermore, analysis of post-ONCOCIN visits when the system was
      unavailable suggests that the recording of physician-dependent data (physical
      findings and assessments of disease activity and performance status) is likely to
      revert to pre-ONCOCIN levels if the system is not used routinely. The results
      show that ONCOCIN can greatly enhance recovery of those data expected for
      chemotherapy protocol patients. The program's interaction with the physician is
      central to its effectiveness in data collection, especially for data that arise
      directly from the patient-physician encounter.

PMID- 3840201
TI  - A double-labeling investigation of the afferent connectivity to cortical areas V1
      and V2 of the macaque monkey.
AB  - The afferent connectivity of areas V1 and V2 was investigated using the
      fluorescent dyes fast blue and diamidino yellow. Simultaneous injection of each
      dye in retinotopically corresponding regions of these areas gave rise to two
      afferent populations of labeled neurons in subcortical and cortical structures
      which project to both areas. These two populations showed a variable degree of
      overlap in their spatial distribution. Neurons labeled by both dyes (double
      labeled neurons) which, therefore, project to both areas, were found in
      substantial numbers in these overlap zones. When the injections were made in non
      retinotopically corresponding regions in the two areas, both populations of
      labeled cells overlapped extensively in the cortex but not in subcortical
      structures, suggesting that the laws governing the topography of these two types
      of connections are different. In the cortex, the labeled neurons extended from
      the fundus of the lunate sulcus to the fundus of the superior temporal sulcus. A
      few labeled neurons were also found in the inferior temporal cortex and the
      parahippocampal gyrus. In all cortical regions, corticocortical neurons
      projecting to V1 and V2 were found in both supra- and infragranular layers,
      although double-labeled neurons were more numerous in infragranular layers. With
      increasing distance from V1 there was an increase in the proportion of neurons
      labeled in infragranular layers. The comparative strength of input to V1 and V2
      was computed and was found to be higher to V2 in all cortical regions except the
      superior temporal sulcus which projected equally heavily to both areas. The
      superior temporal sulcus also stood out in that of all cortical regions it
      contained the highest proportion of double-labeled neurons. Single- and double
      labeled neurons were found in a number of subcortical structures including the
      lateral geniculate nucleus, the inferior and lateral pulvinar, the intralaminar
      nuclei, the nucleus basalis of Meynert, and the amygdala. The pattern of labeling
      in the lateral pulvinar was in agreement with the suggestion that this structure
      has a complex topographical organization containing at least a dual
      representation of the visual field (Bender, D. B. (1981) J. Neurophysiol. 46: 672
      693). In the pulvinar complex, densities of labeled neurons permitted evaluation
      of the strength of input to V1 and V2, the latter being the strongest. These
      results demonstrate that areas V1 and V2 share a vast amount of common input from
      the same cortical and subcortical structures and that a number of neurons project
      to both areas via branching axons.

PMID- 3840202
TI  - On the presence in the cerebral cortex of muscarinic receptor subtypes which
      differ in neuronal localization, function and pharmacological properties.
AB  - The existence in rat frontal cerebral cortex of subtypes of muscarinic receptors
      was investigated by using as a receptor-mediated functional response the release
      of neurotransmitters from isolated nerve endings. Synaptosomes prelabeled with
      [3H]choline or [3H]dopamine were depolarized with 15 mM KCl. Acetylcholine (ACh)
      concentration-dependently decreased the release of [3H]ACh and increased that of
      [3H]dopamine. Both actions of ACh were counteracted by the classical muscarinic
      antagonists atropine and quinuclidinyl benzylate. The two antagonists did not
      discriminate between the muscarinic presynaptic receptors sited on cholinergic
      terminals (muscarinic autoreceptors) and those located on dopamine nerve endings
      (muscarinic heteroreceptors). The apparent affinity (pA2) values for the two
      receptors were: 8.41 and 8.57 with atropine and 8.55 and 8.34 with quinuclidinyl
      benzylate. However, other muscarinic antagonists behaved differently. Dicyclomine
      strongly antagonized ACh at the heteroreceptors (pA2 = 8.69), whereas it was
      ineffective at the autoreceptors when tested at 5 microM. Pirenzepine had a
      similar behavior, although its affinity at the heteroreceptors was lower (pA2 =
      6.33). In contrast, secoverine antagonized ACh at the autoreceptors with an
      affinity (pA2 = 7.58) higher than that showed at the heteroreceptors (pA2 =
      6.51). The data support the existence in the frontal cortex of muscarinic
      receptors that are located on different neurons, mediate different functional
      responses and are pharmacologically distinguishable.

PMID- 3840203
TI  - Sex difference in adrenal heme and cytochrome P-450 metabolism: evidence for the
      repressive regulatory role of testosterone.
AB  - A novel aspect of the regulation of heme biosynthesis and cytochrome P-450
      concentration in rat adrenals, as pertains to the repressive role of
      testosterone, is described. Also, the presence of a sex difference in the
      activities of delta-aminolevulinate (ALA) synthetase and heme oxygenase, as well
      as the concentrations of heme and cytochrome P-450 in the adrenal mitochondrial
      and the microsomal fractions, are defined. The female rats displayed a nearly 2
      fold higher value for the listed parameters. Castration of rats caused an
      elevation of ALA synthetase activity to approximate that of the female rats,
      whereas testosterone replacement depressed the enzyme activity to the level of
      the sham-operated animals. Moreover, female rats treated with testosterone showed
      a marked depression in adrenal ALA synthetase activity. This was accompanied by
      significant reductions in the mitochondrial and microsomal contents of cytochrome
      P-450 and heme. Heme oxygenase activity was neither altered by castration nor by
      the testosterone treatment of castrated and female rats. It is suggested that the
      adrenal ALA synthetase activity is regulated by plasma testosterone levels which,
      in turn, regulates the production of heme and the cellular levels of heme and
      cytochrome P-450. The mode of action of testosterone appears to be repressive in
      nature.

PMID- 3840204
TI  - Some factors influencing the interaction of ram spermatozoa with zona-free
      hamster eggs.
AB  - Variability in the interaction of ram spermatozoa with zona-free hamster eggs was
      recorded not only amongst individual males but also between the first and second
      ejaculates of the same male collected 30 min apart. Fusion ability also differed
      according to the conditions of gamete mixing. This ability decreased after in
      vitro storage of undiluted ejaculates at room temperature but lasted for 48-192
      h. The kinetics of sperm-egg fusion during the time of gamete incubation varied
      not only with the time of sperm storage in vitro but also with the ejaculate.
      When the semen was frozen, the ability of the spermatozoa to fuse was markedly
      reduced.

PMID- 3840205
TI  - Ovarian diapause in Culex peus (Diptera: Culicidae).

PMID- 3840206
TI  - Computer control of an Imed 929 infusion pump.
AB  - There is a growing interest in the potential benefits to be obtained from closed
      loop control of drug infusion [1-5]. The most widely available infusion pump
      which is specifically designed for control by computer is the 929 volumetric
      infusion pump produced by Imed. The increasing availability of microcomputers
      suggests that they will be used more frequently to control such pumps. However,
      difficulties can arise when the attempt is made to establish communication
      between the computer and the pump [6] and a method employed for this purpose is
      described in this article. The aim was to provide a simple method of conducting
      the required communication between the computer and the pump using a high-level
      language. The commands specified in the high-level language are passed to a
      machine-code subroutine which organizes transmission to and receives data from
      the pump.

PMID- 3840207
TI  - Surface markers of peripheral blood lymphocytes in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.
AB  - The cell membrane markers on peripheral blood lymphocytes of 10 patients with
      Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) were analyzed by laser flow cytometry using
      monoclonal antibodies. Seven patients with active uveitis and 98 normal control
      subjects were also studied. The percentage of OKT3+, OKT4+ and OKT11+ cells were
      significantly lower while OKIa1+ cell were higher in VKH compared to controls.
      The percentage of cells reacting with monoclonal antibodies were slightly
      affected during steroid therapy, but returned to the pretreatment level after
      cessation of the therapy. OKIa1+ cells were shown to be increased in active
      uveitis while percentages of cells with other cell markers remained unchanged
      when the results were compared with that of the control. The findings suggest
      that the analysis of cell membrane markers on lymphocytes in VKH could be a
      significant parameter in clinical medicine.

PMID- 3840208
TI  - Selective transport of Li+ across lipid bilayer membranes mediated by an
      ionophore of novel design (ETH1644).
AB  - The neutral noncyclic, lithium-selective ionophore ETH1644, which is structurally
      different from previously available ionophores of this type, is a selective
      carrier of Li+ in lipid bilayer membranes of various lipid composition. The
      ionophore forms a 2:1 carrier/cation complex, and the rate-limiting step in the
      overall transport process is the diffusion of the carrier/ion complex across the
      membrane. The selectivity sequence for lithium vs. other ions normally found in
      biological systems is: Li+ (1) greater than Na+ (0.017) greater than or equal to
      K+ (0.017) greater than Cl- (0.001), Ca2+ and Mg2+ are impermeant. At neutral pH
      protons do not interfere with the Li+-carrying ability of this ionophore. On the
      basis of structural differences and supported by conductance data, it is argued
      that the improved selectivity of Li+ over the other alkali cations is due more to
      a decrease in the affinities of the ionophore for the latter cations that to an
      increase of its affinity to Li+. This ionophore can also act as a carrier of
      biogenic amines (catecholes, indoles and derivatives), with the structure of the
      permeant species and mechanism of permeation similar to that observed with the
      alkali cations. The selectivity sequence is: tryptamine (18.1) greater than
      phenylethylamine (11.6) greater than tyramine (2.4) greater than Li+ (1) greater
      than serotonin (0.34) greater than epinephrine (0.09) greater than dopamine
      (0.05) greater than norepinephrine (0.02), showing the ionophore to be more
      selective to Li+ than to any of the neurotransmitters studied.

PMID- 3840209
TI  - Elution of benzo[a]pyrene from carbon blacks into biomembranes in vitro.
AB  - Elution of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) from carbon blacks into phospholipid vesicles
      composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) or dipalmitoyl
      phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) was investigated. Samples of rubber-grade carbon
      blacks designated N-234, N-339, N-351, and N-375 containing exogenously adsorbed
      BaP were prepared by solvent extracting endogenous compounds from the carbon
      blacks and then readsorbing BaP at the desired concentrations. Concentrations of
      exogenous BaP on the carbon blacks were approximately 100-fold higher than
      normally occur on commercial carbon blacks, but the higher levels were used to
      improve the ability to detect elution of BaP into membranes. Elution of BaP from
      carbon blacks was studied using a fluorescence spectroscopic technique that
      allowed continuous monitoring of the elution process. Elution from N-234 was
      below detection limits of our system. Elution of BaP from N-339, N-351, and N-375
      into DMPC and DPPC vesicles occurred in a biphasic manner. Elution occurred
      within 60 min of mixing carbon blacks with vesicles, although not all BaP was
      eluted from the particles. When the concentration of BaP adsorbed to N-375 was
      reduced, the rate and extent of elution were lowered. Extent of elution of of BaP
      in these experiments may be greater than that of endogenous BaP on commercial
      carbon blacks because of the considerably higher quantities of exogenous BaP
      present. Furthermore, solvent extraction of endogenous materials prior to
      readsorption of BaP may alter the adsorption characteristics. However, methods
      developed in these experiments will facilitate future studies of the
      bioavailability of endogenous BaP on carbon blacks, especially in terms of
      determining the experimental conditions under which elution may occur.

PMID- 3840210
TI  - Consensus panel addresses obesity question.

PMID- 3840211
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Heterosexual transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type
      III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus.

PMID- 3840212
TI  - A new strategy to prevent the spread of AIDS among heterosexuals.

PMID- 3840213
TI  - [Immunological studies on the antigenicity of the cephem antibiotic T-2588].
AB  - The antigenicity or immunological characteristics of T-2588, newly-developed
      ester type cephem antibiotic, was studied employing rabbits, guinea pigs and
      mice. The results obtained were as follows: Antibody production against T-2588
      was not observed in rabbit immunized with the emulsion of T-2588 and Freund's
      complete adjuvant (FCA). Hapten-specific antibody production against T-2525 was
      demonstrated by indirect hemagglutination test and 4 hrs. PCA of guinea pigs,
      employing rabbit antiserum hyperimmunized with the emulsion of T-2525 coupled to
      rabbit serum albumin and FCA. Hapten-specific antibody production against T-2525
      was demonstrated by 48 hrs. PCA of rats, employing mice immunized with the
      mixture of T-2525 coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and aluminium hydroxide
      gel. Cross antigenicity of T-2525 was observed to be relatively strong against
      cefotaxime and ceftizoxime, and very weak against cephalothin (CET), cefazolin,
      cefoperazone (CPZ), cefmenoxime, cefotiam and benzylpenicillin (PCG).
      Anaphylactic syndrome was not observed in guinea pigs actively sensitized with
      the emulsion of T-2588 or T-2525 and FCA. The ability of T-2588 and T-2525 to
      give a positive reaction in Coombs' test was rather weaker than that of CET, CPZ
      and PCG.

PMID- 3840214
TI  - [Reduced central nervous system leukemia by prophylaxis with intermittent
      intrathecal methotrexate and prednisolone in adults with acute leukemia].

PMID- 3840216
TI  - [Endocrine ophthalmopathy].
AB  - The author lists the various ocular complications of Graves' disease, ranging
      from the very mild, which need no treatment, to those which require medical
      treatment, usually with cortisone, sometimes in combination with
      immunosuppressors. The relatively slight oculomotor problems can sometimes be
      alleviated with prisms. More serious complications require surgery of the
      extraocular muscles, which is not discussed in this paper.

PMID- 3840215
TI  - [Arterial hypertension in chronic bronchial obstruction and various problems of
      its treatment].
AB  - A total of 127 patients with bronchial asthma of infectious-allergic genesis and
      chronic obstructive bronchitis were examined for the central and regional
      hemodynamics as well as for the blood levels of serotonin and monoamine oxidase.
      The combination of chronic bronchial obstruction with stable "pulmogenic"
      arterial hypertension was associated with a significantly decreased cardiac
      index, a reduction in the pulse blood filling of the brain as well as an increase
      in the peripheral vascular resistance, the pressure in the pulmonary artery,
      serotonin levels and monoamine oxidase activity. A multiple modality therapy
      (hydralazin, talinolol, hydrochlorothiazide) elicited an improvement of the
      hemodynamic and normalization of the biochemical parameters.

PMID- 3840217
TI  - Diagnostic exercise: distended abdomens in rats.

PMID- 3840218
TI  - The side-chain cleavage of cholesterol sulfate--II. The effect of phospholipids
      on the oxidation of the sterol sulfate by inner mitochondrial membranes and by a
      reconstituted cholesterol desmolase system.
AB  - This study compares the side-chain cleavage of aqueous suspensions of cholesterol
      sulfate with the side-chain cleavage of cholesterol sulfate which is incorporated
      into phospholipid vesicles. Three different cholesterol desmolase systems are
      examined: the membrane-bound cholesterol side-chain cleavage system present in
      inner mitochondrial membranes isolated from bovine adrenal mitochondria; a
      soluble, lipid-depleted, reconstituted side-chain cleavage system prepared from
      cytochrome P-450scc, adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase; a membrane associated
      side-chain cleavage system prepared by adding phospholipid vesicles, prepared
      from adrenal mitochondrial, to the reconstituted system. Soluble cholesterol
      sulfate, in low concentration, is a good substrate for the lipid-depleted
      reconstituted side chain cleavage system. However, at concentrations above 2
      microM, in the absence of phospholipids, the sterol sulfate appears to bind at a
      non-productive site on cytochrome P-450scc which leads to substrate inhibition.
      Phospholipids, while inhibiting the binding of cholesterol sulfate to the
      cytochrome, also appear to prevent non-productive binding of the sterol sulfate
      to the cytochrome. Thus the addition of phospholipids to the lipid-depleted
      enzyme system leads to an activation of side-chain cleavage of high
      concentrations of the sterol sulfate. Soluble cholesterol sulfate is a good
      substrate for both the native and reconstituted membrane-bound systems and no
      substrate inhibition is observed when the membrane bound enzyme systems are
      employed in the assay of side-chain activity. However, the cleavage of
      cholesterol sulfate, which is incorporated into phospholipid vesicles, by both
      membrane bound enzyme systems appears to be competitively inhibited by the
      phospholipids of the vesicles. The results of this study suggest that the
      regulation of the side-chain cleavage of cholesterol sulfate may be entirely
      different than the regulation of the side-chain cleavage of cholesterol, if
      cholesterol sulfate exists intracellularly as a soluble non-complexed substrate.
      If, on the other hand, cholesterol sulfate is present in the cell in lipid
      droplets as a complex with phospholipids, its metabolism may be under the same
      constraints as the side-chain cleavage of cholesterol.

PMID- 3840219
TI  - Use of keyed character string data structures and operators in models of primate
      groups.
AB  - Many primate populations exhibit forms of organization that are both complex and
      highly dynamic. A prototype of a general purpose primate population computer
      modelling system has been developed; this modelling system provides data
      structures and operators that facilitate computer representation of many static
      and dynamic features of primate population organization. In this system, primate
      group structures are represented by text strings known as key strings. A key
      string begins with a label or key character that identifies its population
      element type. The label character is followed by data fields contained between
      bounds marker characters. Nested key strings can be used to concisely represent
      many of the structural features of social groups in different primate species.
      Changes in group structures are accomplished by key string insertion, deletion
      and move operations. Models of structures and processes in island, rhesus monkey
      and hamadryas baboon populations built with this prototype modelling system are
      discussed. In these pilot applications, use of key string data structures and
      operators greatly simplifies many aspects of model construction.

PMID- 3840220
TI  - Algebraic expressions for the waveforms of sea urchin sperm flagella.
AB  - The waveforms of live sea urchin sperm flagella were digitized with video
      digitizing apparatus. The flagellar waveforms were expressed by the coordinates
      of 20 points spaced 2 micron apart along the flagella. The waveforms were
      condensed into simple algebraic expression with four parameters. Each of these
      parameters showed a systematic variation with the flagellar frequency. These
      average trends of the parameters made it possible to define an average,
      idealized, waveshape as a function of the flagella frequency, in the range 8-80
      Hz.

PMID- 3840221
TI  - Peripheral blood leukocyte alterations in mice induced by a hemoregulatory
      pentapeptide (HP 5b).
AB  - The effects of different doses of a synthetic hemoregulatory pentapeptide,
      analoguous to an inhibitory factor associated with human granulocytes, on the
      numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes have been investigated in female C3H mice.
      Following single injections as well as continuous infusion for 6 days, the
      numbers of granulocytes in peripheral blood were reduced to about one half of the
      normal. Maximal effect with single injection was seen with 120 micrograms (10(-5)
      M), while 1.2 mg (10(-4) M) as one dose only had a slight, temporary effect on
      the granulocyte numbers in peripheral blood. Upon continuous infusion of 14
      micrograms/h (less than 10(-5) M) for 19 days, a stimulation with doubling of the
      granulocyte numbers was seen instead. The substance also decreased the monocyte
      numbers in peripheral blood. With prolonged exposure, a relative monocytosis was
      seen instead. After both single injection and continuous infusion, the
      pentapeptide increased the lymphocyte numbers in peripheral blood. The
      thrombocyte numbers were not altered. The decreased granulocyte numbers seemed to
      be due to a dual mechanism, one reducing proliferation in the maturing
      compartment which gives a rapid cell reduction, and one mediated through
      inhibition of the committed stem cells for myelopoiesis, giving a long-lasting
      reduction in the granulocyte numbers. It is postulated that the pentapeptide has
      a complex regulatory effect in vivo.

PMID- 3840222
TI  - Online patient-monitoring system for the simultaneous analysis of blood K+, Ca2+,
      Na+ and pH using a quadruple-function ChemFET integrated-circuit sensor.

PMID- 3840223
TI  - Free and conjugated catecholamines in digestive tissues of rats.
AB  - Using a radioenzymatic technique, the highest concentrations of free
      catecholamines were found in the duodenum, and the lowest in the liver of
      untreated rats. When compared to the antrum, the concentration of free dopamine
      was higher, and that of norepinephrine lower in the fundus. As far as conjugated
      catecholamines are concerned, the tissue concentrations of both sulfo- and
      glucurono-conjugates were usually low, and often non detectable, with an
      exception: the concentration of glucurono-conjugated dopamine was very high in
      the duodenum, ileum, and liver of untreated rats.

PMID- 3840224
TI  - High dose epidural morphine for surgical analgesia.
AB  - A group of 30 patients undergoing various operative procedures were anesthetized
      using high dose epidural morphine 20 mg in 15 ml of normal saline, thiopentone
      induction, endotracheal intubation and muscle relaxation with pancuronium 0.1
      mg/kg and controlled ventilation with oxygen and nitrous oxide. Operative
      conditions and patient acceptance of the technique were satisfactory. There was
      cardiovascular stability and prolonged postoperative analgesia. Pruritus was
      observed in three patients and urinary retention in one and were adequately
      treated. Early mild respiratory depression occurred in one patient and this was
      treated with naloxone. High dose epidural morphine is efficacious and safe in
      providing intraoperative and postoperative analgesia.

PMID- 3840225
TI  - Isodose plotting for pen plotters.
AB  - A general algorithm for treatment plan isodose line plotting is described which
      is particularly useful for pen plotters. Unlike other methods of plotting isodose
      lines, this algorithm is designed specifically to reduce pen motion, thereby
      reducing plotting time and wear on the transport mechanism. Points with the
      desired dose value are extracted from the dose matrix and stored, sorted into
      continuous contours, and then plotted. This algorithm has been implemented on DEC
      PDP-11/60 and VAX-11/780 computers for use with two models of Houston Instrument
      pen plotters, two models of Tektronix vector graphics terminals, a DEC VT125
      raster graphics terminal, and a DEC VS11 color raster graphics terminal. Its
      execution time is similar to simpler direct-plotting methods.

PMID- 3840226
TI  - [Ogilvie's syndrome--a case report and review].
AB  - Ogilvie's syndrome is caused from functional obstruction of the colon without
      mechanical stenosis and also termed as pseudo-obstruction of the colon. This
      disease is seen in patient who has other causative distress. The pathogenesis of
      this rare entity is unknown but it is suspected that there may be an underlying
      autonomic disturbance which causes non-mechanical obstruction of the colon. Most
      of the case reports on Ogilvie's syndrome have appeared in European and North
      American journals but are extremely rare in Japan. Some cases which have been
      categorized "spastic ileus" may be included in this syndrome. We recently
      experienced a patient with cerebral infarction who developed non-mechanical
      obstruction of the colon. This patient was treated successfully with an
      exploratory laparotomy and sigmoidostomy. It is considered that early diagnosis
      is an essential part of the initial management of this syndrome. Conservative
      treatment is indicated for most of the patients but a definitive surgical therapy
      is occasionally necessary.

PMID- 3840227
TI  - [Pathophysiology and clinical aspects of calcium phosphate metabolic disorders in
      children].

PMID- 3840228
TI  - Substrate-product relation of 1-hydroxylase activity in primary
      hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - The synthesis of the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25
      (OH)2D), is thought to be relatively insensitive to the serum concentration of
      its precursor, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D). We compared the effect of oral
      administration of 25-OH-D3 (50 micrograms per day for one month) on serum
      concentrations of calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, 25-OH-D, and 1,25
      (OH)2D in five healthy adults and in six patients with primary
      hyperparathyroidism. In normal adults the mean (+/- S.D.) serum level of 25-OH-D
      rose from 18 +/- 9 to 136 +/- 47 ng per milliliter; no significant changes were
      observed in the other serum levels. In contrast, comparable increases in the
      levels of circulating 25-OH-D in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism caused
      a consistent slight rise in serum calcium and phosphate levels, a partial
      suppression of parathyroid hormone, and a sharp increase in the level of 1,25
      (OH)2D. During this period a significant positive correlation was found between
      serum concentrations of 25-OH-D and 1,25-(OH)2D (P less than 0.001). These
      results provide evidence that in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism,
      levels of circulating 1,25-(OH)2D may be more dependent on the prevailing serum
      concentrations of 25-OH-D than they are in normal adults.

PMID- 3840229
TI  - Deoxynivalenol and 15-monoacetyl deoxynivalenol production by Fusarium
      graminearum R6576 in liquid media.
AB  - Growth and toxigenesis by Fusarium graminearum R6576, were compared in four
      liquid media. Parameters monitored during the fermentation were deoxynivalenol
      (DON) and 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) production, fungal mass,
      carbohydrate utilization, and pH. Factors which were varied included basal medium
      composition, corn steep liquor (CSL) concentration, sucrose concentration and
      ammonium tartrate concentration. Growth in modified Fries medium resulted in only
      low levels of DON (0.25 mg/L) and 15-ADON (0.25 mg/L) after 20 days. Addition of
      4% CSL to modified Fries medium raised the 20 day DON yield to 16.5 mg/l.
      Increasing the sucrose concentration in modified Fries medium amended with 4% CSL
      resulted in increased mycelial dry weight but decreased levels of DON.
      Concentrations of ammonium tartrate greater than 1% in modified Fries amended
      with 4% CSL greatly reduced DON yield. Use of glucose-yeast extract-peptone
      (GYEP) for toxin production resulted in higher yields of 15-ADON (14.0 mg/L) than
      DON (5.5 mg/L) after 20 days. However, supplementation of GYEP with 4% CSL
      resulted primarily in DON production (4.5 mg/L) after 20 days. In general,
      qualitative and quantitative production of DON and 15-ADON by Fusarium
      graminearum R6576 were dependent on the composition of the complex liquid medium.

PMID- 3840230
TI  - Sequence of protein disulphide isomerase and implications of its relationship to
      thioredoxin.
AB  - The formation of disulphide bonds is essential to the structure and function of
      proteins. These bonds rapidly form either cotranslationally or immediately post
      translationally in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Native disulphide
      pairing for such proteins has been achieved in vitro; however, the rates of
      reassembly are slow and the conditions non-physiological. To account for these
      observations, Anfinsen et al. proposed that a 'disulphide interchange protein'
      was the in vivo catalyst of disulphide bond rearrangement. Other groups
      discovered an activity with similar characteristics that catalysed the reductive
      cleavage of insulin and may be associated with insulin degradation, although this
      result has been disputed. The enzyme involved, protein disulphide isomerase (PDI;
      EC 5.3.4.1), may be the in vivo catalyst of disulphide bond formation. Here we
      describe the sequence of cloned rat liver PDI complementary DNA which predicts a
      protein with two distinct regions homologous with Escherichia coli thioredoxin, a
      known cofactor in oxidation-reduction reactions. Each of these regions contains
      the presumed active site sequence Trp-Cys-Gly-His-Cys-Lys, suggesting that PDI,
      similar in action to thioredoxin, catalyses disulphide bond interchange via an
      internal disulphide-sulphydryl interchange. The cDNA predicts a signal peptide
      consistent with the view that PDI is a luminal endoplasmic reticulum protein. PDI
      messenger RNA, although ubiquitous, is more highly concentrated in secretory
      cells.

PMID- 3840231
TI  - Site-directed mutagenesis shows that tyrosine 248 of carboxypeptidase A does not
      play a crucial role in catalysis.
AB  - The residue Tyr 248 of carboxypeptidase A (CPA) is thought to play a role in
      catalysis by contributing a proton to the incipient amine anion generated during
      cleavage of peptide substrates. To test this hypothesis we have modified the rat
      CPA cDNA by site-directed mutagenesis so that the codon for Tyr 248 is replaced
      by that for Phe. Here, we report the expression of the cDNAs for proCPA and its
      Tyr-to-Phe variant in yeast via the alpha-factor system. Following zymogen
      activation by trypsin, wild-type CPA (CPA-WT) and variant CPA (CPA-Phe 248) were
      purified to homogeneity and characterized enzymatically. CPA-Phe 248 displays
      essentially undiminished values for the catalytic constant (kcat) towards various
      peptide and ester substrates. However, the Michaelis constants (Km values) of
      peptide substrates and the inhibition constant (Ki) of the potato
      carboxypeptidase inhibitor are increased 6-fold and 70-fold, respectively. These
      data suggest that the phenolic hydroxyl of Tyr 248 does not act as the requisite
      general acid catalyst but participates in ligand binding.

PMID- 3840232
TI  - [The occurrence of sexually transmitted diseases in northern Zuid-Holland;
      epidemiological information for the organization of their prevention].

PMID- 3840233
TI  - [Automation in the occupational health services].

PMID- 3840234
TI  - [Pineal choriocarcinoma presenting massive ventricular hemorrhage--a case
      report].
AB  - A case of primary choriocarcinoma in the pineal region is reported. A six-year
      old boy showing precocious puberty, suddenly developed coma by massive
      ventricular hemorrhage. He recovered gradually up to akinetic mutism, but whose
      clinical, hormonal and neuroradiological studies failed to demonstrate any
      pathological lesions. Four years later a small tumor was detected by CT in the
      pineal region. At the same time increased serum-HCG level was shown. Subtotal
      removal of the tumor was carried out by Stein's supracerebellar infratentorial
      approach. The pathology of the tumor showed the characteristics of
      choriocarcinoma, consisting of major necrotic area and of tumor cells,
      syncytiotrophoblast and cellular trophoblast. The former revealed strong activity
      of HCG by immunoperoxidase study. Postoperative chemotherapy with actinomycin-D
      and methotrexate was given for a month. In the course of these treatments, serum
      HCG recovered within normal range. This patient shows no signs and symptoms of
      the recurrence 6 months after operation. Early diagnosis with aids of
      neuroradiology as well as hormonal studies and the early initiation of the
      treatment may prevent major complications like massive tumoral bleeding, also
      might achieve the favorable outcome of this tumor.

PMID- 3840235
TI  - Effect of short and long photoperiods on pineal N-acetyltransferase rhythm and on
      growth of testes and brown adipose tissue in developing rats.
AB  - The effect of photoperiod on the rhythm in pineal N-acetyltransferase activity
      and on the growth of testes and of brown adipose tissue was studied in infant
      rats at the age of 5-15 days. After exposure to light at night, high N
      acetyltransferase activity declined in 6-, 7-, and 8-day-old intact rats, but not
      in 5-day-old intact rats or in 8-day-old blinded rats. Hence, light might
      penetrate under closed eyelids and might be perceived by retinal photoreceptors
      in rats older than 6 days. In 15-day-old animals, the amplitude of the N
      acetyltransferase rhythm was ten times higher than in 5-day-old rats. The pattern
      of the N-acetyltransferase rhythm, namely the duration of elevated nocturnal
      activity, was different under long and short photoperiod at least 1 week before
      opening of eyes. Photoperiod affected the growth of testes and of interscapular
      brown adipose tissue already in the preweaning period. In 15-day-old rats,
      immediately after opening of eyes, the weight of testes was significantly higher
      and the weight of brown fat lower under long than under short photoperiod.
      Photoperiodic regulation thus occurs before rats open their eyelids.

PMID- 3840236
TI  - Somatosensory systems and the milk-ejection reflex in the rat. I. Lesions of the
      mesencephalic lateral tegmentum disrupt the reflex and damage mesencephalic
      somatosensory connections.
AB  - Bilateral electrolytic lesions and unilateral tracer injections were performed in
      lactating rats in order to study the participation of the mesencephalic lateral
      tegmentum in the milk-ejection reflex. The release of oxytocin was detected as a
      rise in intramammary pressure during each milk ejection. In animals with lesions,
      the lateral part of the deep grey layers of the superior colliculus, the
      intercollicular area and the rostromedial portion of the external nucleus of the
      inferior colliculus were destroyed. The mesencephalic lateral tegmentum of
      animals in which the milk-ejection reflex was blocked sustained a larger damage
      than in rats where the frequency of the milk-ejection response was only slowed
      down. Solutions of True Blue, horseradish peroxidase or horseradish peroxidase
      coupled to wheat germ agglutinin were injected in the mesencephalic lateral
      tegmentum of rats with and without lesions. Retrogradely labelled cells were
      found in several nuclei of the somatosensory pathways: the principal sensory and
      spinal parts of the trigeminal complex, the cuneate and gracile nuclei, the
      lateral cervical nucleus and the nucleus proprius of the spinal cord. Labelled
      cells were also found in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, the
      ventral parabrachial nucleus, the gigantocellular reticular nucleus, the lateral
      nucleus of the substantia nigra, the prerubral nucleus of the thalamus, the
      hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus, the zona incerta and in the anterior and
      lateral hypothalamic areas. Labelled fibres and "terminal-like" labelling were
      found in the anterior pretectal area, in the thalamic parafascicular nucleus, in
      the posterior nucleus and the ventroposterior complex, in the zona incerta and in
      the fields of Forel, but none were observed in the supraoptic or paraventricular
      nuclei. Injections made in the area of the lateral cervical nucleus and in the
      cuneate and gracile nuclei labelled fibres and "terminal-like" fields in the
      external nucleus of the inferior colliculus, the intercollicular area, the deep
      grey layers of the superior colliculus and in the mesencephalic lateral
      tegmentum. After injections in the posterior nucleus and ventroposterior complex
      of the thalamus, retrogradely labelled cells were found in the lateral tegmentum,
      the intercollicular area and the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus.
      These results indicate that bilateral lesioning of the mesencephalic lateral
      tegmentum, which disrupts the milk-ejection response, could damage somatosensory
      projections originating from the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, the lateral
      cervical nucleus, the dorsal column nuclei and the sensory and spinal trigeminal
      nuclei.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3840238
TI  - Non-menstruation associated toxic shock syndrome.

PMID- 3840237
TI  - Somatosensory systems and the milk-ejection reflex in the rat. II. The effects of
      lesions in the ventroposterior thalamic complex, dorsal columns and lateral
      cervical nucleus-dorsolateral funiculus.
AB  - Bilateral electrolytic lesions of some somatosensory structures in the thalamus
      and spinal cord were made in order to assess their participation in the afferent
      limb of the milk-ejection reflex in the rat. Lesions involving the lateral
      cervical nucleus and a part of the dorsolateral funiculus region blocked the milk
      ejection reflex, whereas animals with lesions in the dorsal column of the spinal
      cord or in the ventroposterior complex of the thalamus displayed milk-ejection
      reflexes similar to those of control animals. Unilateral injections of
      horseradish peroxidase coupled to wheat germ agglutinin were made after lesioning
      the lateral cervical nucleus and part of the dorsolateral funiculus. Anterograde
      labelling was seen mainly contralateral to the injection site: in the external
      nucleus of the inferior colliculus, the intercollicular zone, the brachium of the
      inferior colliculus, the lateral reticular nucleus of the thalamus and in the
      thalamic ventroposterior complex. Sparse projections ipsilateral to the injection
      site were also observed. These results, combined with our previous observations,
      suggest that the projection of the lateral cervical nucleus on the mesencephalon
      is part of the pathway which conveys the sensory information from the suckling
      stimulus.

PMID- 3840239
TI  - Reduced sleep in cats after intraperitoneal injection of delta-sleep-inducing
      peptide (DSIP).
AB  - The effect of intraperitoneally injected delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) on
      sleep-wakefulness in cats was studied using EEG, EMG and EOG recording for 10 h
      following 30 nmol/kg DSIP or control saline i.p. injections. DSIP reduced the
      amount of sleep, specifically light slow-wave sleep and REM sleep, and REM sleep
      latency was increased. The results suggest that in cats with redundancy sleep
      DSIP increases wakefulness at the cost of light slow-wave sleep, and in addition
      it has a specific REM-reducing effect.

PMID- 3840240
TI  - Intrinsic gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract
      and the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rat: an immunocytochemical and
      biochemical study.
AB  - Sympathoexcitatory neurons in the C1 adrenergic area of the rostral ventrolateral
      medulla (RVL) are tonically inhibited by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). To
      identify the source of this GABAergic input, the distribution of neurons
      containing glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was determined immunocytochemically in
      rats treated with colchicine. Numerous GAD-stained neurons were located in the
      nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and in RVL. Unilateral lesions in NTS did not
      alter GABA content or GAD activity in RVL, indicating that the afferent
      projection from NTS to RVL is not GABAergic. Intrinsic GABAergic neurons in RVL
      may provide tonic inhibition of vasomotor neurons in the C1 area.

PMID- 3840241
TI  - Propriospinal fibers reaching the lumbar enlargement in the rat.
AB  - Propriospinal fibers reaching the lumbar enlargement were investigated in rat by
      means of retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase
      conjugate coupled or not coupled with gold particles. Unilateral or medial
      bilateral injections were done. Identification of projection cells was done by
      tetramethylbenzidine histochemistry or gold-silver intensification procedures.
      Unilateral injections resulted in bilateral labeling, with patterns and density
      related to the spinal segments of origin. Sacral, lumbar and thoracic afferents
      showed identical patterns. Ipsilateral connections originated laterally from
      dorsal, intermediate and ventral horns. Contralateral connections originated
      medially from laminae VII and VIII and laterally from the reticular extension of
      the neck of the dorsal horn. Cervical afferents were symmetrical, arising from
      both lamina VIII and the reticular extension of the neck of the dorsal horn.
      Lamina X projection cells were seen at all levels when injection sites involved
      this area. Laminae III and IV were almost totally devoid of projection cells.
      Superficial layer cells (laminae I and II) showed some labeling when injections
      were situated dorsally. The organization of these tracts in rat is similar to
      that in cat and monkey. Their origin is discussed in relation to those of long
      ascending pathways reaching supraspinal levels.

PMID- 3840242
TI  - Heart ailments and workplace stress mistakenly called occupational diseases.

PMID- 3840244
TI  - An international classification of retinopathy of prematurity. Clinical
      experience.
AB  - A central problem in medicine is the development of classification systems of
      disease adequate to describe the many manifestations by which a disease may
      present to the clinician. Such is the problem presented by retinopathy of
      prematurity (ROP). A group of 23 ophthalmologists, representing 11 countries, met
      over a period of two years to develop a new classification. This paper presents
      the classification (previously published) and the author's experience with its
      use in classifying the disease in 121 infants of birthweight less than or equal
      to 1300 grams over a 15-month period.

PMID- 3840243
TI  - Computed tomography of the nonrhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the pediatric
      patient.
AB  - Nonrhegmatogenous retinal detachments occur in the pediatric population secondary
      to other ocular disorders. The most important cause to identify is
      retinoblastoma. Computed tomography has proven to be the most reliable ancillary
      diagnostic test in this pediatric population. A series of eighty patients,
      presenting with nonrhegmatogenous retinal detachments, was examined. The role of
      computed tomography and characteristic clinical findings are discussed.

PMID- 3840245
TI  - Management of retinopathy of prematurity.
AB  - Seventeen patients with symmetrical stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and
      plus disease as described in the International Classification of ROP had one eye
      randomized to cryotherapy and the other to control. Seventy-seven percent of the
      patients were under 1000 grams at birth and females outnumbered males by a 2 to 1
      ratio. The average chronologic age at which cryotherapy was performed was three
      months. Twelve of seventeen treated eyes (71%) showed resolution of the ROP and
      10 of 17 untreated eyes (59%) became significantly worse. However, only five
      patients had improvement in the treated eye and progression in the untreated eye,
      a number too small to provide statistical significance. Six eyes with Stage IV
      ROP were operated by encircling scleral buckling techniques because of total
      retinal detachment secondary to peripheral traction and cicatrization arising
      from the ridge. In five patients the unoperated eye had already developed a
      retrolental membrane, and in one patient bilateral detachments were present. Five
      of the six operated retinas were reattached.

PMID- 3840246
TI  - [Mortality of premature infants of very low birth weight and an analysis of
      factors contributing to survival].

PMID- 3840247
TI  - [Various aspects of treatment of otosclerosis by venous interposition].

PMID- 3840249
TI  - Cutaneous melanomas. The use of a computer to aid in the investigation of the
      disease.
AB  - Up to 49 items of information for each of almost 1400 cases of cutaneous melanoma
      have been computerized. Some of the resulting clinical and research implications
      are mentioned as well as the ability to use the computer to file, and rapidly
      sort, several hundred melanoma references from around the World and also to co
      ordinate the U.K. Melanoma Histology Club.

PMID- 3840248
TI  - Analgesia and tolerance to intrathecal morphine and norepinephrine infusion via
      implanted mini-osmotic pumps in the rat.
AB  - The objectives of this study were to investigate the duration of analgesia and
      the development of tolerance following continuous intrathecal administration of
      morphine and norepinephrine alone, and morphine followed by norepinephrine via
      mini-osmotic pumps in the rat. Analgesia was assessed by the tail-flick test. In
      single pump experiments morphine 1 microliter (10 micrograms)/h (7 days) and 0.5
      microliter (10 micrograms)/h (14 days) produced analgesia with tolerance by days
      5-7. Norepinephrine 1 microliter (15 micrograms)/h (7 days) produced analgesia
      equivalent to that of morphine with tolerance developing by day 3. Following
      continuous intrathecal morphine 1 microliter (10 micrograms)/h for 5 days,
      norepinephrine 1 microliter (15 micrograms)/h for 7 days failed to produce a
      significant increase in analgesia. This was in contrast to the increase in
      analgesia seen when the norepinephrine infusion followed a saline infusion.
      Determination of the norepinephrine concentration in the solution from the
      osmotic pumps verified that the norepinephrine is stable for the treatment
      period.

PMID- 3840250
TI  - Intrauterine conversion of fetal supraventricular tachycardia with combination of
      digoxin and verapamil.
AB  - A case of fetal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) diagnosed by fetal
      echocardiography at 31 weeks gestation and successfully converted in utero is
      reported. Administration of digoxin orally to the mother resulted in very brief
      periods of normal fetal cardiac rhythm. Intravenous administration of verapamil
      to the mother resulted in sustained conversion to normal fetal sinus rhythm.
      Maintenance therapy with oral digoxin and verapamil was given to the mother for
      the remainder of the pregnancy with no recurrence of the fetal arrhythmia.

PMID- 3840251
TI  - Counseling the sexually active teenager: reflections from pediatric practice.
AB  - Counseling the sexually active teenager is both an important and a difficult
      undertaking. Due to the increasing rates in adolescent sexual intercourse,
      pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases, it is necessary for all health care
      professionals to elicit a sexual history from each patient. Being comfortable
      with one's own sexuality and conveying complete confidentiality are the sine qua
      non of this type of interview and counseling. Topics that may be covered are
      contraception, sexually transmitted diseases, sexual intercourse and its place in
      the adolescent's life, other kinds of sexual expression, and satisfaction with
      one's sexuality. It is not necessary to have liberal views of sexuality to obtain
      an adequate history or to provide competent counseling.

PMID- 3840252
TI  - [Indices of phase structure of myocardial contraction and relaxation in newborn
      infants who had undergone intrauterine hypoxia].

PMID- 3840253
TI  - [Differential-diagnostic criteria of early manifestations of lymphosarcoma in
      children (clinico-morphofunctional study)].

PMID- 3840254
TI  - [Pancreatic glucagon of blood plasma in Graves-Basedow disease in different
      stages of thyroid activity].

PMID- 3840255
TI  - Public health implications of sexually transmitted diseases in pediatric
      practice.

PMID- 3840256
TI  - Campylobacter meningitis in childhood.

PMID- 3840257
TI  - [Prolactin secretion in patients with hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 3840258
TI  - [Diffuse toxic goiter associated with autoimmune thyroiditis].
AB  - A study of 190 patients with diffuse toxic goiter combined with autoimmune
      thyroiditis has revealed some clinical features: a torpid course and a solid
      elastic consistency of the thyroid. In 37.4% of the cases autoimmune thyroiditis
      was combined with a severe form of thyrotoxicosis. The combined form of diffuse
      toxic goiter correlated with a greater frequency of the detection of thyroid
      autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and microsomal antigen (in 83 and 78.3% of the
      patients respectively) as compared to the common form of diffuse toxic goiter (in
      47.3 and 48.1%). A study of the hormonal thyroid status of 43 patients with
      diffuse toxic goiter combined with autoimmune thyroiditis showed that T3, T4 and
      TTH levels in patients with the presence of autoantibodies to thyroid antigens
      did not differ from the levels of these hormones in the common form of diffuse
      toxic goiter, and in the group of the patients with the absence of autoantibodies
      there was a tendency to the development of T3-toxicosis. The absence of
      pathognomic symptoms in combined forms of diffuse toxic goiter makes their
      preoperative diagnosis difficult. Interrelationship of the hormonal thyroid
      status and humoral antithyroid immunity was noted.

PMID- 3840259
TI  - [Mechanism of action of andekalin, an activator of the blood kinin system, on the
      course of experimental tuberculosis].

PMID- 3840260
TI  - The control of herbage intake in the grazing ruminant.

PMID- 3840261
TI  - Feeding systems and food intake by housed dairy cows.

PMID- 3840262
TI  - Histochemical analysis of the interphotoreceptor matrix in hereditary retinal
      degenerations.

PMID- 3840263
TI  - Interstitial retinol binding protein in the developing human retina: a proposed
      explanation for vitamin E suppression of retinopathy of prematurity.

PMID- 3840264
TI  - Actions of hypolaetin-8-glucoside on the rat gut prostaglandin system.

PMID- 3840265
TI  - An attenuated projector-backprojector for iterative SPECT reconstruction.
AB  - A new ray-driven projector-backprojector which can easily be adapted for hardware
      implementation is described and simulated in software. The projector
      backprojector discretely models the attenuated Radon transform of a source
      distributed within an attenuating medium as line integrals of discrete pixels,
      obtained using the standard sampling technique of averaging the emission source
      or attenuation distribution over small square regions. Attenuation factors are
      calculated for each pixel during the projection and backprojection operations
      instead of using precalculated values. The calculation of the factors requires a
      specification of the attenuation distribution, estimated either from an assumed
      constant distribution and an approximate body outline or from transmission
      measurements. The distribution of attenuation coefficients is stored in memory
      for efficient access during the projection and backprojection operations. The
      reconstruction of the source distribution is obtained by using a conjugate
      gradient or SIRT type iterative algorithm which requires one projection and one
      backprojection operation for each iteration.

PMID- 3840266
TI  - The role of statistics in psychiatry.

PMID- 3840267
TI  - Psychopathology and Boolean Factor Analysis: a mismatch.
AB  - It has recently been claimed that Boolean Factor Analysis (BFA) is superior to
      more traditional approaches to empirical syndrome identification in
      psychopathology (Weber & Scharfetter, 1984). This paper examines the underlying
      assumptions and the empirical basis of this claim. A hypothetical data set, with
      a more complex structure than the examples used by Weber & Scharfetter to support
      their claim, is analysed by means of both BFA and Ordinary Factor Analysis (OFA).
      It is shown that, as data sets resemble empirical conditions more closely, BFA
      may break down completely while OFA continues to yield adequate results.

PMID- 3840269
TI  - [Value of double-contrast arthrography in the verification of meniscal pathology
      of the knee. Our experience].
AB  - The authors face the problem of accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of double
      contrast arthrography in meniscal injury of the knee. They report the results
      obtained in a clinical-statistic and retrospective investigation on 206 patients.
      The final diagnoses were obtained by arthrotomy (105 cases) by arthroscopy (70
      cases) and clinically with a follow-up of 6 months (31 patients). Diagnostic
      accuracy (94,5%), sensibility (92%), specificity (98,7%) and predictive values on
      positives (99%) and negatives (87,5%), confirm double-contrast arthrography as a
      highly accurate examination. A specific diagnosis can be made only when the
      diagnostic modalities are correctly applied and the arthrographers are qualified.

PMID- 3840268
TI  - Respiratory distress syndrome treated with human surfactant: radiographic
      findings.
AB  - Chest radiographs of 18 newborns treated with endotracheal instillation of human
      surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were compared with those of 18
      similar but untreated infants. In the treated infants, severity of RDS
      significantly improved after surfactant administration. Most treated infants
      (16/18) exhibited a left-to-right shunt, presumably through a patent ductus
      arteriosus; similar findings were noted in untreated infants (17/18).
      Complications of respiratory assistance in the treated infants included transient
      pulmonary interstitial emphysema (n = 1), pneumothorax (n = 1), and mild (n = 4)
      to moderate (n = 2) bronchopulmonary dysplasia; the incidences of these
      complications did not exceed those in untreated infants. In three treated
      infants, a transient interstitial lung disease developed 3-4 days after
      surfactant administration.

PMID- 3840270
TI  - [Activity of sucralfate on esophageal motility in healthy subjects].

PMID- 3840271
TI  - [Cochlear implants. Artificial hearing through electric stimulation of the
      auditory nerve with fixed implanted electrodes in the internal ear of the
      completely deaf subject].

PMID- 3840272
TI  - REM sleep deprivation effect on apomorphine-induced gnawing is reversed by
      dexamethasone.
AB  - Glucocorticoid feedback was manipulated in rats deprived of REM for six days or
      left undisturbed in their home cages. One half of each group received concurrent
      dexamethasone (400 micrograms/kg), while the other half received corn oil. On
      test day, rats were observed for 5 min, injected with apomorphine (0.8 mg/kg,
      i.p.), and again observed. Dexamethasone revealed REM-deprivation-enhanced
      stereotypical gnawing, but had no effect on REM-deprivation-reduced rearing,
      suggesting the involvement of catecholamine depletion by non-specific stress
      related factors in the former REM deprivation effect.

PMID- 3840273
TI  - Science and law in chemical regulation: bridging the chasm.

PMID- 3840274
TI  - [Atomic-absorption spectrophotometry methods of determining levels of lead,
      cadmium, copper and zinc in milk and milk products. I. Direct AAS methods].

PMID- 3840275
TI  - Therapeutic implications of mediastinal involvement in advanced Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - 47 patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease (stage IIIB or IV) and mediastinal
      involvement, treated during the period 1969-78 and followed till death or from 36
      to 126 months after initiation of therapy, were analysed. All 47 patients had
      received combination chemotherapy (MOPP or equivalent regimens). 20 had also
      received additional radiotherapy to mediastinum (and in some cases to other
      involved areas as well). The 2 treatment groups did not differ significantly with
      regard to the more important prognostic factors. Both in the case of stages IV
      and IIIB patients in the group treated with combination chemotherapy alone,
      remissions were significantly more often only partial, the frequency of relapse
      and of treatment failure was significantly higher, and relapse-free survival was
      significantly poorer than in the group treated with additional radiotherapy.
      Furthermore, survival from Hodgkin's disease and crude survival including all
      causes of death were significantly better for patients treated with combination
      chemotherapy plus mediastinal irradiation. Consequently, for patients with
      advanced Hodgkin's disease and mediastinal involvement a combined approach
      including radiotherapy as well as combination chemotherapy would seem advisable.

PMID- 3840276
TI  - [Prevention of gastroduodenal stress lesions with secretion inhibitors in
      accident patients needing intensive care: incidence of lesions and adverse
      effects; consequences].
AB  - Prevention of gastrointestinal stress lesions by cimetidine or pirenzepine was
      investigated in a double blind study of trauma patients in an intensive care
      unit. Cimetidine or pirenzepine were administered intravenously to 55 consecutive
      randomized patients. All were checked by endoscopy on admission and 8 days later.
      5 therapy failures were found in each group. Patients with more than 5 erosions
      and/or ulcerations were classified as failures. A side effect encountered was
      sinus tachycardia in 4 of 27 patients treated with pirenzepine. Overall, a trend
      towards fewer stress lesions was found in the pirenzepine protected group.

PMID- 3840277
TI  - [Hashimoto's lymphomatous thyroiditis and endemic struma].
AB  - Hashimoto's thyroiditis, a rather rare disease in endemic goiter areas like
      Switzerland, seems to become more frequent under iodine prophylaxis. To obtain
      more precise data we reviewed the microscopic slides of surgical thyroid
      specimens with indications of any type of inflammation from two 10-year periods
      with respectively lower (1940-1949) and higher (1973-1982) iodination of salt.
      From 1940-1949 Hashimoto's disease was never diagnosed histopathologically. A
      review of the histological slides, however, showed typical signs of Hashimoto's
      disease in 9 out of 6836 thyroid specimens, or 0.13%. In the second period, from
      1973-1982, the same diagnosis was established in 32 of 4088 thyroid specimens, or
      0.78%. This 6-fold increase in frequency of Hashimoto's disease seems to be due
      in part to a real increase, and in part to a change in the surgical material. At
      present fewer nodular goiters are seen than in the first period. Inflammatory
      infiltration in Hashimoto's disease, however, involves not the nodule but the non
      nodular thyroid tissue found to a larger extent in present-day thyroid surgical
      specimens.

PMID- 3840278
TI  - Chromosomal locations of human tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase genes.
AB  - A panel of human-mouse somatic cell hybrids and specific complementary DNA probes
      were used to map the human tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase genes to
      human chromosomes 8 and 10, respectively. This result is in contrast to a
      previous assignment of a plasminogen activator gene to chromosome 6. As
      neoplastic cells produce high levels of plasminogen activator, it is of interest
      that aberrations of chromosome 8 have been linked to various leukemias and
      lymphomas and that two human oncogenes, c-mos and c-myc, have also been mapped to
      chromosome 8.

PMID- 3840279
TI  - Human tumor cloning assay: clinical applications for ovarian, gastric,
      pancreatic, and colorectal cancers.
AB  - In this investigation, the human clonogenic assay is used as a tool to identify
      which chemotherapeutic agents may be of interest for intraperitoneal
      administration. Both conventional and investigational agents are examined in
      ovarian, colorectal, pancreatic, and gastric carcinomas. Scattergrams plotting
      the in vitro percent response against the in vivo percent response provide some
      clinical correlation with the observed in vivo antitumor activity. In addition,
      anticancer agents are identified for which evidence of a dose-response
      relationship is observed in the clonogenic assay. Such evidence is offered as the
      basis for the choice of agents that may be useful for intraperitoneal
      administration.

PMID- 3840280
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in pregnancy.
AB  - Pregnancy in patients who have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is unusual. We have
      reported a case of diffuse, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, stage
      IIIa, in a patient whose disease went into remission after she received six
      courses of CHOP therapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and
      prednisolone). She became pregnant soon afterward and was delivered of a normal,
      full-term infant with a normal chromosomal pattern. Risk of teratogenicity
      appears to be negligible when chemotherapy is used during the third trimester of
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3840281
TI  - Mycotic aneurysm--a rare complication of acute osteomyelitis in a child. A case
      report.
AB  - A case of mycotic aneurysm formation of the right iliac artery is described. This
      unusual complication developed as a result of acute osteitis of the left tibia
      which was initiated by a kick on the lower leg. One month after treatment for
      osteitis of the tibia, the patient was readmitted because of unequivocal evidence
      of ischaemia of the right leg and a large pulsatile mass in the right iliac
      fossa, confirming the clinical diagnosis of mycotic aneurysm. The aneurysm was
      excised but because the wall of the artery was extremely friable simultaneous
      revascularization was deferred for fear of uncontrollable haemorrhage from the
      anastomotic line.

PMID- 3840282
TI  - Asymmetry and anomalies of the circle of Willis in fetal brain. Microsurgical
      study and functional remarks.
AB  - The arteries of the circle of Willis in fetal brains of 20-40 weeks of
      gestational age were studied with the operating microscope. The majority of
      fetuses were between 24-32 weeks of age. Our findings were as follows: 1) the
      average diameters of all segments were 4-5 times narrower than the average
      diameters in adults, and the average lengths of the same segments were 2-2.5
      times shorter than the same lengths in adults; 2) the number of perforators
      corresponded with the perforating arteries in adults; 3) hypoplastic segments, as
      well as anomalies and variations, were identified; 4) calibers almost equal in
      size between the right and left corresponding segments were found in a high
      proportion of cases; 5) in the majority of cases a polygon, much like the
      "precarious" circle in adults, was dissected. The "fetal" or the "ideal" circles
      were found in a low proportion of cases.

PMID- 3840283
TI  - [Results of the treatment of lymphosarcoma of the large intestine].
AB  - Comparative study of the efficacy of the different therapeutic measures for
      colonic lymphosarcoma indicates that in locally disseminated colonic
      lymphosarcoma (primary injury) radical surgery appears to be the most
      efficacious. Application of the drug therapy is helpful for disseminated primary
      colonic lymphosarcoma and metastatic injuries. The performance of the palliative
      surgery noticeably deteriorates the disease prognosis.

PMID- 3840284
TI  - [Autoimmune thrombocytopenia and diffuse-toxic goiter].
AB  - The authors describe 10 patients with associated diffuse toxic goiter and
      thrombocytopenic purpura and a female patient with associated goiter and a three
      shoot autoimmune peripheral cytopenia. In 8 patients thyrotoxicosis preceded the
      appearance of thrombocytopenia, in 3 patients, both the conditions were diagnosed
      at a time. In 4 patients, the measurements were taken of the IgG content on the
      surface of platelets according to Dixon et al. In 3 patients, the IgG content
      turned out to be appreciably elevated, in one patient, the content of IgG was
      within normal, however the latter patient was examined after prednisolone intake
      that had given rise to an increase in the platelet count. Two patients who
      received radioactive iodine and three patients treated by thyrostatic drugs were
      later on subjected to splenectomy. In 4 patients, thrombocytopenic purpura
      remitted after subtotal strumectomy. One female patient was subjected to sectoral
      resection of the thyroid. Two years after surgery the patient, who was in an
      euthyroid state, developed thrombocytopenia which required splenectomy. It is
      possible that in the latter case there was no direct relation between the two
      diseases. The relationship between the two autoimmune diseases, diffuse toxic
      goiter and thrombocytopenic purpura, remained unclear in other 10 cases. The
      relationship between the diseases under consideration and approaches to
      specifying the character of such a relationship are under discussion.

PMID- 3840285
TI  - Cardiovascular system in conjoined twins: an analysis of 14 Korean cases.
AB  - A new classification of cardiovascular system in conjoined twins is introduced. A
      special effort has been made to analyze the degree of fusion and symmetry of
      hearts and great vessels, based on 14 pairs of conjoined twins. The degree of
      cardiovascular union of the twins is classified into five types. Cases with no
      vascular union in cardiac, aortic, and inferior vena caval levels were grouped
      into type I (four cases). Cases with separate hearts and union between aortas or
      inferior venae cavae were grouped into type II (three cases). Cardiac fusion at
      the atrial level was grouped into type III (three cases). All of the three cases
      showed fusion between right atria (subtype IIIa). The theoretical fusion between
      the left atria or between the left and right atria is put into subtype IIIb. The
      type IV represents fusion of both atria and ventricles regardless of the number
      of the chambers (three cases). Type V represents single heart in one of the twins
      (one case). The external morphologic type and the situs of each twin pair were
      closely related to the cardiac abnormalities. Dicephalus and thoracopagus were
      more likely to be associated with abnormal situs and complex cardiac fusion.
      Abnormal situs was seen in seven out of 14 cases. Three cases with polysplenia
      and a case with asplenia showed more complex cardiac abnormalities than those
      with normal situs or situs inversus.

PMID- 3840286
TI  - [The choice of an antibiotic for ambulatory clients].

PMID- 3840287
TI  - Protein C deficiency--response to danazol and DDAVP.
AB  - We studied a Spanish family in which one of the female members presented
      recurrent thrombophlebitis in both legs after three different deliveries.
      Biological and antigenic activity of protein C was decreased (35% and 42%
      respectively). Reduced protein C levels were also observed in 6 other family
      members. Administration of danazol (600 mg/day) in two patients with protein C
      deficiency elevated this protein and discontinuation of the drug resulted in a
      reduction of protein C to pretreatment values. The proposita showed a normal
      fibrinolytic activity and infusion of DDAVP produced a similar response of
      FVIII/VWF and plasminogen activator to those observed in healthy subjects.

PMID- 3840288
TI  - Vitamin K dependent proteins in fetal hemostasis at mid trimester of pregnancy.
AB  - The vitamin K dependent coagulation factor activities were measured in 63 normal
      human fetuses from 19 to 28 weeks of pregnancy. These activities were included
      between 9 to 28 percent of normal adult levels. Prothrombin antigen, factor IX
      antigen and protein C were also measured. There is a good correlation between
      prothrombin procoagulant activity and antigenicity, suggesting that low level of
      these vitamin K dependent proteins in fetuses is probably a consequence of liver
      immaturity.

PMID- 3840289
TI  - Homozygous protein C deficiency combined with heterozygous dysplasminogenemia
      found in a 21-year-old thrombophilic male.
AB  - A congenital, probably homozygous deficiency of protein C combined with a
      heterozygous molecular abnormality of plasminogen was found in a 21-year-old male
      who had been suffering from recurrent venous thrombosis since the age of 14.
      Although the homozygous deficiency of protein C has been reported to be closely
      associated with fatal purpura fulminans or severe and massive thrombotic diseases
      during the neonatal period, the patient had survived the neonatal period without
      any clinical manifestations relevant to thrombosis. The patient apparently
      inherited the genetic abnormality of protein C deficiency from both of his
      parents and that of abnormal plasminogen from his father.

PMID- 3840291
TI  - Chi-square trend analysis in antigen sharing studies.
AB  - Chi-square trend analysis is a useful technique for testing the statistical
      significance of dose-response associations between morbidity or mortality
      variables and degree of parental or maternofetal antigen sharing.

PMID- 3840290
TI  - Inhibition by AD6 (8-monochloro-3-beta-diethylaminoethyl-4-methyl-7
      ethoxycarbonyl methoxy coumarin) of platelet aggregation in dog stenosed coronary
      artery.
AB  - The action of AD6 as an anti-thrombotic agent was studied in a model of coronary
      artery thrombosis and on platelet aggregation in the dog. AD6 (10-100 microM) in
      vitro inhibited aggregation induced by ADP, epinephrine, collagen and PAF
      (platelet aggregating factor) used at their threshold concentration for maximal
      aggregation. Arterial thrombosis was induced in a coronary vessel by critically
      reducing (about 70%) the vessel lumen. Thrombus formation was estimated by
      measuring coronary flow in the stenosed vessel. Using this procedure on the left
      descending coronary artery (LAD), we obtained reproducible blood flow changes in
      18 dogs. AD6 was given i.v. at three different doses. At 0.25 mg/kg two out of
      four dogs showed decreased thrombus formation at the stenosis site. Seven out of
      eleven dogs treated with 0.5 mg/kg and two out of three treated with 1.5 mg/kg
      showed decreased thrombus formation. Major decreases in coronary resistance,
      evaluated by measuring blood flow in the unstenosed left circumflex artery (LCX),
      were evident only after the highest dose. We conclude that AD6 has an inhibitory
      action on dog platelet aggregation and reduces thrombus formation in a stenosed
      coronary vessel.

PMID- 3840292
TI  - A model of the regional uptake of gaseous pollutants in the lung. I. The
      sensitivity of the uptake of ozone in the human lung to lower respiratory tract
      secretions and exercise.
AB  - An ozone (O3) dosimetry model is presented that takes into account convection and
      diffusion of O3 in the lumen and airspaces of the lower respiratory tract and
      transport and chemical reactions in the mucous and surfactant layers and in the
      underlying tissue and capillaries. The model was applied to human airway
      morphometric data. Values for the chemical and physical parameters that define
      the liquid tissue and blood compartments were based on reported experimental
      data. Simulation results illustrate the variability of results due to an
      uncertainty in the knowledge of transport parameters, liquid, tissue, and blood
      compartment thicknesses, and chemical reaction rates. Results were most sensitive
      to mucous compartment thickness and reaction rate constant and least sensitive to
      transport and blood parameters. Exercise was simulated, showing little effect on
      tracheobronchial uptake but a pronounced effect on pulmonary uptake.

PMID- 3840293
TI  - Leukocyte and bone marrow effects of a thiomorpholine quinazosin antihypertensive
      agent.
AB  - PD-88823, a thiomorpholine analog of prazosin, induced a consistent dose-related
      suppression of granulopoiesis with subsequent neutropenia and leukopenia in rats
      and dogs. Rats treated at 600 mg kg-1 day-1 had neutrophil counts reduced by 44%
      in males and 30% in females after 13 weeks. A 4-week observation period after
      drug treatment resulted in a rebound in neutrophil counts to 123 and 215% of
      control values in males and females, respectively. White blood cell count
      reductions were less evident in dogs, probably because of the lower doses. In
      both species, the extent of bone marrow suppression was related to duration of
      treatment. No other hematologic changes were manifest in either species. The
      mechanism for bone marrow depression and subsequent granulocytopenia was not
      established. The lack of reported bone marrow effects by quinazosin analogs
      suggests that the thiomorpholine group of PD-88823 is involved in toxicity. This
      correlation may be important to safety considerations for future drug design.

PMID- 3840294
TI  - Modification of rat caecal microbial biotransformation activities by dietary
      saccharin.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a purified fibre-free diet containing 5% (w/w)
      sodium saccharin for 4 weeks or 20 weeks and changes in caecal bacterial numbers
      and enzyme activities (endogenous ammonia production, beta-glucosidase, beta
      glucuronidase, nitrate reductase, nitroreductase, aryl sulphatase) determined in
      vitro. Saccharin treatment gave marked caecal enlargement but had no effect on
      bacterial concentration at either treatment period, and significantly decreased
      beta-glucuronidase, nitrate reductase and sulphatase activities/g caecal
      contents. The incubation of a suspension of caecal contents from control rats
      with saccharin (75 mM) in vitro inhibited beta-glucuronidase and nitrate
      reductase activities, and ammonia production from endogenous substrates. Such
      changes may decrease the rate of formation of toxic bacterial products in the
      hindgut.

PMID- 3840295
TI  - Contribution of intestinal microfloral metabolism to the total macromolecular
      covalent binding of 1-nitro-pyrene in the lung and liver of the rat.
AB  - 1-Nitropyrene (NP) is a direct acting mutagen found in diesel exhaust and coal
      combustion fly ash. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution
      of gut microfloral metabolism to the macromolecular covalent binding (MCB) of NP
      and/or its metabolites in lungs and liver of the rat. Normal and antibiotic
      treated rats were administered [14C]NP and MCB was quantitated at various times
      in lungs and livers. Abolition of gut microfloral metabolism by antibiotic
      treatment significantly altered total MCB in lungs. MCB in lungs of antibiotic
      treated animals 4 h after oral administration of NP was 0.15 nmol NP
      equivalents/g and was significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased to less than one
      half of control values (0.42 nmol NP equivalents/g). MCB in lungs of antibiotic
      treated rats was no different from the controls 1 week after NP administration
      (0.1 nmol NP equivalents/g). Comparison of livers from control and antibiotic
      treated rats demonstrated the same pattern of MCB as lungs but differences were
      not significant. These results reveal that metabolism by gut microflora may play
      a role in the activation and covalent binding of NP to macromolecules. However,
      the alteration of covalent binding observed after antibiotic treatment was a
      change in the time course of formation and breakdown of covalently bound forms
      and not an effect on the quantity of bound material remaining at 1 week
      indicating that gut microfloral metabolism is not an exclusive pathway for
      bioactivation of NP in the rat.

PMID- 3840296
TI  - The cell content and proliferative response of the rat thymus during first
      syngeneic and allogeneic pregnancy, and the effects of strain difference.
AB  - Two hundred female rats, 91-101 days of age, were used in this investigation
      which provided data on cell content and proliferative response of the thymus. The
      observations began in oestrous phase virgin females from two highly inbred
      strains AO(RT1u/AgB2) and DA(RT1a/AgB4), continued at five day intervals
      throughout syngeneic and allogeneic pregnancy in both strains and were completed
      in the immediate post-partum period. This experimental protocol permitted
      sequential observations throughout gestation and allowed syngeneic: allogeneic
      and interstrain comparisons to be made. The syngeneic: allogeneic comparisons
      demonstrated significant differences in the thymic proliferative responses while
      the AO:DA comparisons demonstrated significant differences in the thymic cell
      contents.

PMID- 3840297
TI  - [Total laryngospasm in kalipsol anesthesia].

PMID- 3840298
TI  - A comparison of some casting materials.
AB  - The physical and mechanical properties of four casting materials are compared
      with two plaster of Paris preparations. Properties evaluated include working and
      specific strengths, resistance to abrasion and radiolucency. Ease of application,
      conformability and rate of strength development are discussed and the clinical
      relevance of these properties is considered.

PMID- 3840299
TI  - Efficacy of ivermectin against induced gastrointestinal nematode infections in
      goats.
AB  - The efficacy of ivermectin (0.08 per cent w/v oral solution) at different dose
      levels was evaluated against induced infections of adult Haemonchus contortus (21
      days old) and Trichostrongylus colubriformis (21 days old) and fourth stage
      larvae of Oesophagostomum columbianum (17 days old), Ostertagia circumcincta
      (five days old) and Strongyloides papillosus (five days old). Twenty-five
      Boergoats (mutton goats) were randomly allocated by bodyweight within each sex to
      an untreated control group and four ivermectin treatment groups; ivermectin was
      administered at either 25, 50, 100 or 200 micrograms/kg orally, once. The goats
      were killed and processed for worm recovery 25 to 27 days after treatment. At 25
      micrograms/kg the efficacy of ivermectin varied from 43 per cent for adult T
      colubriformis to more than 99 per cent for fourth larval stage O columbianum.
      Ivermectin at 50 micrograms/kg or higher was 99 per cent or more effective
      against all induced parasite infections with the exception of ivermectin at 50
      micrograms/kg against S papillosus (97 per cent). For all parasites there was a
      statistically significant (P less than 0.05) difference between the control group
      and the pooled treated groups. No adverse reactions to ivermectin treatment were
      observed in the goats.

PMID- 3840300
TI  - [Cardiotoxic effect of cytostatics in patients with breast cancer].
AB  - Clinical and instrumental (ECG, PCG, ultrasonic cardiography and
      polycardiography) examination of cardiac activity in 98 breast cancer patients
      treated at the Center after Cooper established the cardiotoxic effect of 5
      fluorouracil, vincristine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids.
      46% of them suffered pain in the region of the heart, tachycardia, extrasystole,
      atrial flutter and deranged conduction function. Congestive heart failure was
      observed in 7% only. In 24%, myocardial lesions could be detected by instrumental
      means only. They were identified on the basis of an increase in terminal diastole
      and systole volume and mass of the myocardium matched by a decrease in stroke
      volume, PCG amplitude, % delta S and VCF. Cardiac disorders did not persist and
      were hardly detectable during medication course intervals or one-two months after
      treatment.

PMID- 3840301
TI  - An approach to peripheral lymphadenopathy in adult patients.

PMID- 3840302
TI  - [Lactose intolerance].

PMID- 3840303
TI  - [Use of neodym-YAG-lasers in ophthalmology].
AB  - Structures within the eye bulb diminishing visual acuity can be cut by means of
      neodymium-YAG-laser without surgical opening of the globe. The First Eye
      Department has had the first instrument of this kind in Vienna at its disposal
      since the summer of 1984. Up to now it has been used for posterior capsulotomy,
      iridotomy, opening pupillary membranes and for cutting vitreous membranes in 84
      operations altogether. The advantages of neodymium-YAG-laser are minimal
      psychological and physical stress for the patient and the possibility of out
      patient surgery. A possible transient increase in the eye pressure and
      endothelial cell loss are disadvantages. Our experiences with the Lasertek
      Neodymium-YAG-laser model 135 are reported.

PMID- 3840304
TI  - [Experiences with PATIS, the patient information system].

PMID- 3840305
TI  - [Multidimensional evaluation of qualitative medical record data--references for
      computer-technic realization of a special procedure].

PMID- 3840306
TI  - [Possibilities and significance of transarthroscopic operations].
AB  - This paper reports on a poll conducted among 80 patients one to seven months
      after transarthroscopic knee joint surgery.

PMID- 3840307
TI  - Antithrombotic effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and pentoxifylline in laser
      induced thrombosis in rat mesenteric vessels.

PMID- 3840308
TI  - [Experience with the use of T-activin in the treatment of psoriasis].

PMID- 3840309
TI  - [Equipment and program for recording and automatic processing of the
      electrocardiogram of a pilot].

PMID- 3840310
TI  - [Lipoamide dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase
      in skeletal muscles. VI. Influence of freezing (-20 degrees C) and thawing of
      bovine, calf and porcine muscle on activity and subcellular distribution].
AB  - Freezing of bovine, calf, and porcine skeletal muscles at -20 degrees C before or
      after rigor mortis and thawing at room temperature did not cause significant
      changes in the total activities of the mitochondrial enzymes lipoamide
      dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase. Freezing
      (pre or post rigor) and thawing result in a partial release of these enzymes from
      their binding to the inner membrane of the mitochondria. The transfer of enzyme
      activity into the sarcoplasmic fluid is due to damage of the mitochondrial
      membranes by freezing and thawing of the muscle tissue. During longer storage of
      the muscle at +2 degrees C the mitochondria become more labile towards freezing
      which may be recognised from an increased release of the enzymes (particularly in
      porcine muscle). Repeated freeze/thaw cycles cause an increase in the release of
      the three enzymes.

PMID- 3840311
TI  - [Lipoamide dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase
      in skeletal muscles. VII. The influence of freezing (-20 degrees C) and thawing
      of muscles from sheep, game and poultry on activity and subcellular
      distribution].
AB  - Freezing at -20 degrees C and subsequent thawing of muscles from sheep, hare and
      deer, and of breast and leg muscle from chicken and duck, did not result in
      significant changes of the total activity of the enzymes citrate synthase and
      beta-hydroxy-acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase; lipoamide dehydrogenase seemed to be
      somewhat more labile. Freezing and thawing of muscle tissue caused a partial
      release of these three mitochondrial enzymes into the sarcoplasmic fluid which
      indicates similar freeze-damage of the inner membrane of the mitochondria to that
      observed with bovine and porcine muscles.

PMID- 3840312
TI  - [Lipoamide dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase
      in skeletal muscle. VIII. The influence of temperature and rate of freezing of
      bovine muscle on the activity and subcellular distribution of the enzymes in the
      thawed tissue].
AB  - Samples of bovine muscle (post rigor) were frozen at different temperatures
      between -5 degrees and -196 degrees C at different freezing rates, and thawed at
      room temperature. The activities of the mitochondrial enzymes lipoamide
      dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase were
      determined in the supernatant of the tissue homogenates in phosphate buffer
      (total enzyme activity), as well as in the press juice of the intact tissue
      (enzyme activity in the sarcoplasma). Neither the temperature nor the rate of
      freezing (varying from 25.5 to 0.01 min/degrees C) showed a significant influence
      on the total enzyme activities. Freezing at -5 degrees and -10 degrees C (at
      different rates but without intracellular freezing) and thawing did not result in
      an appreciable release of enzymes. Below -10 degrees C the release of the three
      enzymes from their binding to the inner membrane of the mitochondrion into the
      sarcoplasmic fluid increased upon rapid freezing with decreasing temperature i.e.
      with increasing intracellular ice formation, whereas at slow freezing (with
      extracellular ice formation only) freezing below -20 degrees C did not cause
      further enzyme release. At freezing temperatures below -20 degrees C rapid
      freezing resulted in a significantly stronger release of the three enzymes than
      slow freezing. From these results it was concluded that the damage to
      mitochondrial membranes upon fast freezing is primarily a result of intracellular
      (and perhaps also intramitochondrial) ice formation, whereas the membrane damage
      during slow freezing is primarily due to dehydration caused by the migration of
      water from the muscle fibers into the extracellular space as a result of osmotic
      effects. Ion concentration in the nonfreezing fraction of tissue water seems to
      be only of minor importance for the disintegration of mitochondrial membranes.

PMID- 3840314
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of meniscal injuries].

PMID- 3840313
TI  - [The "long-term morbidity" computer program in perinatology. 1. Program
      introduction].
AB  - Presentation of the Computer-programme for prospective analysis of morbidity of
      unselected children born in 1983 up to 1985 over a period of 10 years.

PMID- 3840315
TI  - Histochemistry on rectal biopsies in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease.

PMID- 3840316
TI  - Microglia in teratomas.
AB  - Using an ammoniacal silver nitrate stain, we have demonstrated typical microglial
      cells in three teratomas. Microglia appeared identical to their counterparts in
      the mature human brain, both resting and slightly hypertrophic types being
      present in differentiated nervous tissue, which also comprised astrocytes,
      neurones and ependyma. The implications of the presence of microglia with
      ectodermal derivatives in teratomas are discussed.

PMID- 3840317
TI  - Effect of phosphate supplementation to breast fed very low birthweight infants on
      urinary calcium excretion, serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and plasma
      1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D concentration.
AB  - The effect of two doses of Phosphorus (P) supplementation to pooled breast milk
      (BM): 0.48 and 0.800 mmol/kg/24 h given during the second month of life was
      evaluated in 22 very low birthweight infants. The concentration of calcium and
      phosphorus in serum and urine, the serum concentration of immunoreactive
      parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and the plasma 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D concentration
      (1,25-OH-D) were compared to the values in 19 control infants. The mean +/- SD
      concentrations in control infants and adults are 63 +/- 18 microliters Eq/ml for
      serum iPTH and 85 +/- pmol/l for plasma 1,25-OH-D. With 0.48 P supplementation,
      urinary Ca (UCa) excretion (median and range) 0.238 mmol/kg/24 h (0.105-0.520)
      was lower than in the control group 0.288 (0.205-0.679) (p less than 0.05); the
      reduction of UCa was larger with 0.8 P supplementation: 0.047 (0.023-0.163) (p
      less than 0.01). P supplementation induced no change in serum Ca concentration
      but a slight and significant increase in serum iPTH was observed only with the
      0.8 P supplementation: 55 microliters Eq/ml (less than 25-80) (p less than 0.05).
      With 0.8 P supplementation there was no significant change of plasma 1,25-OH-D
      concentration: 173 pmol/l (106-271) vs. 255 (132-293) in the control group. These
      data show that with 0.8 P supplementation, the hypercalciuria in BM-fed infant
      disappears without secondary hyperparathyroidism, but without any change in
      plasma 1,25-OH-D concentration.

PMID- 3840318
TI  - Evaluation of ten commercial heterophile antibody tests for infectious
      mononucleosis.
AB  - Ten rapid slide agglutination tests for infectious mononucleosis were evaluated.
      The quality of the technical information included with the kits was found to
      differ considerably, as did the composition of the tests and the principles of
      test specificity. Furthermore, large variation was found in the shelf life and
      price of the different kits. Thirty-nine serum samples were selected according to
      titre in the Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn differential absorption test, largely from
      the low titre area, since this is where most diagnostic problems can be expected.
      The sera were tested blindly using the ten rapid slide agglutination tests.
      Considerable differences were found in specificity and sensitivity. When compared
      with the results obtained from PBD, the tests could be divided into two groups.
      The first group consisted of three kits, all of which gave false negative, but no
      false positive results. The remaining seven tests gave false negative and false
      positive results, but were more sensitive than the tests in the first group. The
      large variation in the results obtained when using the different kits under
      controlled conditions indicates that such tests may give even less satisfactory
      results in practice.

PMID- 3840319
TI  - Neuropeptide Y and sympathetic control of heart contractility and coronary
      vascular tone.
AB  - The effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on contractility of the spontaneously beating
      guinea-pig atrium and transmural nerve stimulation (TNS)-induced efflux of
      tritium-noradrenaline (3H-NA) were studied in vitro. NPY induced a moderate
      positive chronotropic and inotropic atrial response, which was resistant to
      metoprolol. TNS at 2 Hz for 2 s caused an increase in rate and contractile force.
      These effects were significantly reduced by NPY. NPY also reduced the TNS induced
      (2 Hz for 20 s), fractional [3H]NA release by 40% without affecting the
      contractile response. The contractile effects of exogenous NA on the guinea-pig
      atrium were not affected by NPY. NPY caused a long-lasting increase in coronary
      perfusion pressure, and also, in high doses, an inhibition of ventricular
      contractility in the isolated, perfused guinea-pig heart. The perfusion pressure
      increase to NPY, which most likely reflects coronary vasoconstriction, was
      resistant to alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade but sensitive to the calcium
      antagonist nifedipine. A 50% reduction of the vascular NPY response occurred at
      10(-9) M nifedipine, which did not influence cardiac contractility per se or the
      contractile effects of NA. NPY did not modify the increase in ventricular
      contractility induced by NA. Noradrenaline did not influence coronary perfusion
      pressure after beta-blockade. Since NPY is present together with NA in cardiac
      nerves, it may be suggested that NPY is involved in the regulation of NA release
      as well as the sympathetic control of atrial contractility and coronary blood
      flow.

PMID- 3840320
TI  - Plasma levels of oxytocin increase in response to suckling and feeding in dogs
      and sows.
AB  - The objective of the present study was to investigate whether oxytocin is
      released in response to feeding in analogy to the response induced by suckling.
      Therefore, repeated plasma samples were drawn from dogs and pigs during feeding
      and suckling and oxytocin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. As expected
      suckling gave rise to immediate and short-lasting increases of oxytocin levels in
      both species. More surprisingly, feeding in female and male dogs as well as in
      lactating sows was accompanied by a similar-sized rise of oxytocin levels. The
      oxytocin peak sometimes occurred before the actual period of suckling or feeding,
      suggesting that the output of oxytocin had been conditioned to visual, olfactory
      or auditory stimuli associated with both types of situations. It is well known
      that oxytocin is released in lactating animals in response to touching of the
      teats. It is possible that also the presence of food in the gastro-intestinal
      tract activates neurogenic mechanisms which stimulates the release of oxytocin.
      Since oxytocin causes a release of insulin and VIP (vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide), peptides which appear in the circulation following both suckling
      and feeding, it is suggested that oxytocin may be involved in the control of the
      suckling- and feeding-related output of these peptides.

PMID- 3840321
TI  - Mechanisms underlying changes in the contents of neuropeptide Y in cardiovascular
      nerves and adrenal gland induced by sympatholytic drugs.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a recently isolated vasoactive peptide, which is present,
      together with catecholamines, in sympathetic nerves and in the adrenal medulla.
      In the present study, we report that pretreatment with sympatholytic agents
      influences the tissue levels of NPY-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) in the guinea
      pig. Thus, 24 h after reserpine not only noradrenaline (NA), but also NPY-LI, was
      depleted in the heart, spleen and the adrenal gland. The levels of NPY-LI in the
      vas deferens and stellate ganglia, however, were unaffected by reserpine in spite
      of marked depletions of NA. The reserpine-induced depletion of NPY-LI was
      probably caused by enhanced nerve-impulse flow and subsequent release from
      cardiovascular nerves in excess of resupply, since it could be prevented by the
      ganglionic-blocking agent chlorisondamine. Long-term (6 days) treatment with
      chlorisondamine reduced the levels of NPY-LI in the stellate ganglion. Short-term
      treatment (48 h) with guanethidine partially prevented the reserpine-induced
      depletion of NPY-LI, probably due to inhibition of NPY release. Long-term
      guanethidine treatment depleted not only NA, but also NPY-LI from the spleen.
      Pretreatment with the alpha-receptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine did not
      influence the NA levels but reduced the content of NPY-LI in the spleen via a
      mechanism that was dependent on intact ganglionic transmission. Since NPY has
      several cardiovascular actions, changes in NPY mechanisms may contribute to the
      pharmacological and therapeutical effects of sympatholytic agents.

PMID- 3840322
TI  - Subcellular storage and axonal transport of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in relation to
      catecholamines in the cat.
AB  - The subcellular storage of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) in
      peripheral sympathetic neurons and adrenal gland as well as its axonal transport
      in the sciatic nerve was studied in relation to catecholamines in the cat. In the
      subcellular fractions from different parts of sympathetic neurons, i.e. cell
      bodies (coeliac ganglia), axons (sciatic nerve) and terminals (spleen), the NPY
      LI was found together with noradrenaline (NA) in heavy fractions assumed to
      contain large dense-cored vesicles. In addition, minor lighter fractions in the
      coeliac ganglion contained NPY-LI. The molar ratio between vesicular NA and NPY
      was high in the terminal regions (150 to 1) and much lower in axons and cell
      bodies (10 to 1), thus reflecting the different mechanisms of resupply for
      classical transmitter and peptide. In the adrenal gland the NPY-LI was mainly
      located in the catecholamine-storing chromaffin-granule fraction and also to a
      smaller extent in lighter fractions. Using reversed-phase HPLC, one molecular
      form of NPY-LI corresponding to porcine NPY was found in the coeliac ganglion,
      while the adrenal medulla also contained minor peaks with NPY-LI in addition to
      the main form, which co-eluted with porcine NPY. NA was stored both in light and
      heavy fractions in the spleen, while it was mainly found in heavier fractions in
      the sciatic nerve. In the coeliac ganglion, most of the noradrenaline was present
      in a non-particulate form. The anterograde transport rate for NPY-LI in the
      sciatic nerve was estimated to be about 9 mm h-1. A minor retrograde transport of
      NPY-LI was also detected. In conclusion, the present data suggest that NPY, a
      peptide with sympathoactive actions, is co-stored with NA in heavy fractions
      corresponding to large dense-cored vesicles, while light fractions with small
      dense-cored vesicles probably contain NA but not NPY-LI. The main resupply of NPY
      to terminals is, in contrast to NA, most likely by axonal transport, which
      implicates differences in the storage, turnover and release of these co-existing
      substances in the sympathoadrenal system.

PMID- 3840323
TI  - Effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on xanthine oxidase and xanthine oxidase
      induced depolymerization of hyaluronic acid.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of various anti-inflammatory drugs on the xanthine oxidase
      derived depolymerization of hyaluronic acid was studied. The depolymerization was
      assayed by repeated viscosity measurements. By using a low xanthine oxidase
      activity, the decrease in viscosity with time followed first order reaction
      kinetics and was therefore suitable for kinetic analysis. The xanthine oxidase
      activity was monitored by assay of O2-consumption with a Clark-electrode and by
      assay of urate production. We present evidence that salicylic, acetylsalicylic,
      gentisic and azodisalicylic acid and sulfasalazine inhibit the production of
      oxygen-derived free radicals by xanthine oxidase. We found that sulfapyridine, 5
      aminosalicylic acid, allopurinol, mannitol, glucuronic acid and N
      acetylglucosamine in addition to the earlier studied drugs, paracetamol,
      ibuprofen, benoxaprofen and gentisic acid exert their effect via scavenging of
      free radicals. These drugs had very little effect on the enzyme activity.

PMID- 3840324
TI  - The effects of acute hypertriglyceridemia and high levels of free fatty acids on
      left ventricular function.
AB  - The effects of acute hypertriglyceridemia and of high levels of free fatty acids
      on the left ventricular ejection fraction were studied by radionuclide
      ventriculography in 20 subjects with and without coronary artery disease. An
      infusion of approximately 125 ml of a 20% fat emulsion over 25 minutes resulted
      in an increase of plasma triglycerides to the mean of 820 mg/dl and a fall of the
      left ventricular ejection fraction from the baseline mean of 62% to 58% (p less
      than 0.05). Ninety minutes after the intravenous administration of 5000 units of
      heparin, plasma free fatty acids rose to the mean of 4.6 mmol/L and the mean left
      ventricular ejection fraction increased to 69% (p less than 0.001). The observed
      changes in blood lipids were not associated with clinical or ECG evidence of
      myocardial ischemia. We conclude that acute hypertriglyceridemia causes slight
      depression of left ventricular performance, while high levels of free fatty acids
      augment it. However, neither hypertriglyceridemia per se nor its rapid conversion
      to free fatty acids are likely to cause angina in stable patients with coronary
      artery disease.

PMID- 3840325
TI  - Ultrasound: biological effects and industrial hygiene concerns.
AB  - Due to the increased use of high intensity ultrasonic devices, there is now a
      greater risk of worker exposure to ultrasonic radiation than there was in the
      past. Exposure to high power ultrasound may produce adverse biological effects.
      High power ultrasound, characterized by high intensity outputs at frequencies of
      20-100 kHz, has a wide range of applications throughout industry. Future
      applications may involve equipment with higher energy outputs. Contact
      ultrasound, i.e., no airspace between the energy source and the biological
      tissue, is significantly more hazardous than exposure to airborne ultrasound
      because air transmits less than one percent of the energy. This paper discusses
      biological effects associated with overexposure to ultrasound, exposure standards
      proposed for airborne and contact ultrasound, industrial hygiene controls that
      can be employed to minimize exposure, and the instrumentation that is required
      for evaluating exposures.

PMID- 3840326
TI  - Evaluation of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis-platinum (CAP) in patients
      with disseminated prostatic carcinoma. A phase II study.
AB  - A prospective study was conducted to evaluate response rate and toxicity of the
      combination of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis-platinum in patients with
      disseminated hormonally resistant prostatic carcinoma. Twenty-two patients were
      entered in the study: 19 were evaluable for response. One patient achieved
      partial remission while 14 (73%) had stable disease. Four patients had
      progressive disease. Patients with stable disease and partial remission had
      subjective improvement and survived significantly (p less than 0.03) longer than
      patients with progressive disease (58 weeks vs. 22 weeks). Toxicity was mainly
      hematological, and one patient died from sepsis secondary to leukopenia. Nausea
      and vomiting was moderate to severe, with one patient refusing cis-platinum for
      that reason. Renal toxicity was tolerable and reversible. Lack of good measurable
      disease makes generalization difficult, but pointers from animal models, along
      with the biological activity suggested by our results, make this a worthwhile
      combination to be considered for a trial in a larger population with measurable
      disease or in a randomized trial vs. the more effective single agent.

PMID- 3840327
TI  - Gastric cancer: complete chemotherapy response in an elderly woman: current
      status of treatment.
AB  - Complete response to chemotherapy treatment was achieved in an 86-year-old woman
      with extensive metastatic gastric carcinoma. Thirty months after the initiation
      of treatment, the patient continues to be in complete remission. Chemotherapy
      consisted of a modified FAM regimen (5 FU, mitomycin C, and doxorubicin) for 1
      year. Current chemotherapy recommendations for gastric carcinoma as well as the
      medical, psychosocial, and ethical considerations for chemotherapy treatment in
      the elderly are reviewed.

PMID- 3840328
TI  - Chromosomal localization of the human elastin gene.
AB  - mRNA isolated from fetal human aorta was used to synthesize cDNA that was cloned
      into the PstI site of pBR322. The recombinant clones were screened with an
      authentic sheep elastin cDNA, and one human clone that hybridized strongly was
      isolated and characterized. The 421-base pair (bp) insert of this human clone was
      sequenced by the dideoxy method, and the DNA sequence showed strong homology to
      the nontranslated portion of the sheep elastin cDNA. This result unequivocally
      identified the human clone, designated pcHEL1, as an elastin clone. Plasmid
      pcHEL1 labeled with [3H] nucleotides was used in in situ hybridization
      experiments utilizing normal metaphase chromosomes and also with cells carrying a
      balanced translocation between chromosomes 1 and 2: 46,XY,t(1;2)(p36;q31). The
      results strongly suggest that the elastin gene is localized to the q31----qter
      region of chromosome 2.

PMID- 3840330
TI  - Chemotherapy exposure file.

PMID- 3840329
TI  - Normal mRNA content in a phosphoglycerate kinase variant with severe enzyme
      deficiency.
AB  - A phosphoglycerate kinase variant, PGK-Matsue, was associated with a severe
      enzyme deficiency, congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia, and mental
      disorders. The variant enzyme exhibited a slower cathodal electrophoretic
      mobility and lower affinity toward the substrates. The enzyme activity in the
      variant's red cells, muscles, and fibroblasts was about 5% of that of normal
      cells. The content of mRNA in the variant fibroblasts was compared to that of
      normal cells by the semiquantitative dot hybridization method, and, more
      accurately, by the liquid hybridization method, using a human PGK cDNA as a
      probe. It was found that the mRNA level in the variant fibroblasts was comparable
      to that of normal fibroblasts. The results strongly suggest that the major cause
      of enzyme deficiency in PGK-Matsue is a seven- to 10-fold increase in the mutant
      enzyme degradation.

PMID- 3840331
TI  - CAMPS: computer-automated metacarpophalangeal profile system.
AB  - The metacarpophalangeal profile (MCP) pattern has been proven useful in
      describing individuals with genetic and nongenetic syndromes. However, the
      measurement of the 19 bone lengths is a tedious procedure requiring use of hand
      vernier calipers, detailed normative data to be looked up in extensive tables,
      hand calculator, and manual graphing techniques. Presently there are no reports
      of microcomputer-automated systems for the accurate measurement, recording,
      analysis, and graphing of MCP profiles. We describe a computer-automated
      metacarpophalangeal profile system (CAMPS) that will assist in the derivation of
      the MCP profile. This program allows the user to select different program
      routines that perform the functions necessary for MCP profile construction. The
      "data acquisition module" (DAM) assists in bone length measurement from contact
      prints of hand radiographs and stores the 19 measurements on a floppy disk. The
      "standardization analysis module" (SAM) then compares the 19 measurements to age-
      and sex-matched normal data and converts the raw data to z-score values. The
      "Pearson product-moment correlation module" (PPM) generates a correlation
      coefficient describing the degree of similarity between the two hands measured
      and graphically illustrates the resulting scatterplot. The "MCP plotting module"
      (MCPM) provides a graphic plot of the 19 bones in either transverse rows or
      phalangeal rays on a dot-matrix printer or X-Y plotter.

PMID- 3840332
TI  - The familial occurrence of lymphocytic thyroiditis in borzoi dogs.
AB  - A group of related borzoi dogs were studied over a 6-year period to ascertain the
      cause of primary hypothyroidism. Four generations of dogs were analyzed. Two
      littermates with lymphocytic thyroiditis were mated and the 10 offspring were all
      diagnosed, on the basis of thyroid biopsy evaluation, as having lymphocytic
      thyroiditis by age 2.5 years. A wide range of thyroid gland lesions was
      demonstrated in this litter of dogs. This report documents the occurrence of
      lymphocytic thyroiditis in three successive generations of an inbred group of
      borzoi dogs. An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance for the trait in this
      group of dogs is proposed.

PMID- 3840333
TI  - Amniotic fluid prolactin and fetal lung maturation.
AB  - Concentrations of prolactin in amniotic fluid, fetal plasma, and maternal plasma
      were determined in 34 rhesus monkeys delivered by hysterotomy under general
      anesthesia at gestational ages of 110 to 160 days (term, 165 days). Included were
      15 cases (gestational ages 110 to 143 days) in which the mothers received 2 mg of
      betamethasone intramuscularly daily for 3 days prior to delivery. Fetal lung
      maximum volumes were determined in addition to the following indices of fetal
      lung surfactant: lung alveolar stability, lung phosphatidylcholine
      concentrations, lung extract surface tensions, and amniotic fluid lecithin to
      sphingomyelin ratios. Amniotic fluid prolactin was found to correlate
      significantly with lung alveolar stability (r = 0.51; p less than 0.01), lung
      phosphatidylcholine (r = 0.51; p less than 0.01), lung extract surface tension (r
      = -0.39, p less than 0.05) and amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (r =
      0.50; p less than 0.01). These correlations remained statistically significant
      even when the effects of gestational age were taken into account. These findings
      suggest that amniotic fluid may modulate fetal production of surfactant via its
      prolactin content.

PMID- 3840334
TI  - Secondary surgical and neodymium-YAG laser discissions.
AB  - Between November 1978 and June 1984, 161 surgical and 102 neodymium-YAG laser
      discissions were performed. The incidence of discission in patients with a mean
      three-year follow-up after extracapsular surgery was 22.1% (39 of 176 eyes) after
      extracapsular cataract extraction alone and 14.5% (81 of 558 eyes) after
      extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation (P less than
      .02); the incidence was 25.5% (47 of 184 eyes) with the transiridectomy clip lens
      and 9.1% (33 of 364 eyes) with the posterior chamber lens (P less than .001). The
      average interval between cataract surgery and the discission was 2.4 years. The
      intraocular pressure was increased in 51% (48 eyes) of the eyes two to five hours
      after YAG laser discission and was unpredictable in most patients. After surgical
      discission, the intraocular pressure was increased on the first postoperative day
      in 13% (18 eyes) of the eyes. With surgical discission, significant complications
      included vitreous manipulation, wound leak, and intraocular inflammation.
      Intraocular lens pitting occurred in 20 patients undergoing YAG laser discission.
      Complications with both procedures included cystoid macular edema, retinal
      detachment, glaucoma, and closure of a previously adequate discission opening.

PMID- 3840335
TI  - Neuromuscular blockade in dystrophia myotonica with atracurium besylate.
AB  - The anaesthetic management of a young woman with dystrophia myotonica is
      described. The use of atracurium and monitoring of neuromuscular block allowed
      suxamethonium and neostigmine to be avoided, and thereby to reduce the risk of
      myotonic contractions. No adverse sequelae were observed.

PMID- 3840336
TI  - Delayed respiratory depression following repeated intrathecal low dose morphine.

PMID- 3840337
TI  - Organization of corticopontocerebellar connections to the paramedian lobule in
      the cat.
AB  - To reveal the organization and relative magnitude of connections from various
      parts of the cerebral cortex to the cerebellar paramedian lobule via the pontine
      nuclei, horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin was injected
      in the paramedian lobule in conjunction with injection of the same tracer in
      various parts of the cerebral cortex in 14 cats. Termination areas of cortical
      fibres (anterogradely labelled) and pontine neurons projecting to the paramedian
      lobule (retrogradely labelled) were carefully plotted in serial sections through
      the pons. On the average 89% of all labelled cells were found in the pontine
      nuclei contralateral to the cerebellar injection, 11% in the ipsilateral pontine
      nuclei. The highest degree of overlap between anterograde and retrograde
      labelling was found after injections in the posterior sigmoid gyrus (SmI), while
      less overlap was found after injections of the anterior sigmoid gyrus (MsI).
      Injections of the second somatosensory area (SmII) and the parietal association
      cortex (areas 5 and 7) gave moderate degrees of overlap. Very little or no
      overlap was found after injections of the premotor cortex (area 6), the visual
      areas 17, 18 and 19 and the auditory cortex (AI and AII). It is concluded that a
      major cortical input to the paramedian lobule arises in the posterior sigmoid
      gyrus (SmI), but that additional contributions arise in the anterior sigmoid
      gyrus (MsI), the parietal areas 5 and 7 and the second somatosensory cortex
      (SmII). Among the latter regions probably the parietal areas contribute most.
      Overlap between terminal regions of cortical fibres and cells projecting to the
      paramedian lobule takes place at numerous discrete sites at virtually all
      rostrocaudal levels of the pons. Cerebrocortical afferents via the pontine nuclei
      to the intermediate zone of the posterior lobe are organized according to the
      same principles as described previously for cortical afferents to the hemispheral
      parts of the posterior lobe (crus I and II).

PMID- 3840338
TI  - Fentanyl pharmacokinetics and hemodynamic effects in preterm infants during
      ligation of patent ductus arteriosus.
AB  - A bolus of 30 micrograms X kg-1 fentanyl was given to nine preterm infants
      (gestational age 31.8 +/- 4.7 weeks, weight 1100 +/- 309 g) for induction of
      anesthesia for ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus. Thirty minutes after the
      injection, fentanyl plasma concentrations were between 7.7 and 13.6 ng X ml-1.
      Elimination half-life was 6-32 hr (mean +/- SD, 17.7 +/- 9.3). Systolic blood
      pressure remained stable throughout surgery. There was a gradual increase in
      heart rate from 159 +/- 12 min-1 at the time of skin incision to 173 +/- 15 min-1
      at the time of skin closure (P less than 0.05). Fentanyl plasma concentrations
      remained virtually unchanged between 30 min (10.6 +/- 1.9 ng X ml-1) and 120 min
      (9.6 +/- 1.6 ng X ml-1); whereas at the end of surgery most infants moved and
      breathed spontaneously. This phenomenon can be explained by redistribution of
      fentanyl from brain into pharmacodynamically inert tissues.

PMID- 3840339
TI  - Distribution of morphine and meperidine after intrathecal administration in rat
      and mouse.
AB  - Morphine and meperidine distribution in the neuroaxis were studied in rats after
      intrathecal injection through catheters ending at the lumbar level. 14C-Morphine
      and 3H-meperidine were injected with pharmacologic doses of each drug.
      Radioactivity was measured in spinal cord segments at different times. At 14 min
      the segment with maximum morphine concentration (T11-12) contained 8.6 +/- 2.4
      (mean +/- SD) pmol/mg, a value 215 times higher than would be observed if
      distribution in the body were homogeneous. The ratio between concentration in the
      most rostral segment (C3-4) and in the segment with maximal concentration was
      0.21 +/- 0.10. At 14 min the segment with maximum meperidine concentration (T9
      10) contained 161.4 +/- 33.9 pmol/mg wet tissue, a value 75 times higher than
      would be seen with even distribution in the body. The ratio (C3-4 vs. T9-10) was
      0.10 +/- 0.04 at this time. The distribution of 14C-morphine in the whole central
      nervous system (CNS) was studied in mice by whole body autoradiography after
      intrathecal injections of 5 microliters at the L5-6 level. High levels of
      radioactivity were detected in the whole spinal cord and in brain regions close
      to the basal cisterns until 2 h after injection. At 4 h only the caudal part of
      the spinal cord had detectable levels of radioactivity. The per cent of the
      injected dose of morphine that was recovered from the spinal cord was 26.5 +/-
      4.5 at 14 min, 19.9 +/- 8.8 at 44 min, and 4.5 +/- 1.7 at 179 min after
      injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3840340
TI  - Ultra-long-duration local anesthesia produced by injection of lecithin-coated
      methoxyflurane microdroplets.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate a new drug delivery system. The authors
      undertook to determine if microdroplets prepared by encapsulating volatile
      anesthetics with a membrane of lecithin could be used for local anesthesia. Local
      anesthesia was determined by monitoring the response of the rat to tail clamping
      and electrical stimulation of the skin following the intradermal injection of the
      microdroplets. Microdroplets were prepared from isoflurane, enflurane, halothane,
      methoxyflurane, diethyl ether, chloroform, and heptane. Although all microdroplet
      preparations produced local anesthesia, only methoxyflurane microdroplets
      produced an ultra-long duration of local anesthesia (approximately 24 h). Further
      characterization of the methoxyflurane microdroplets revealed two important
      differences from conventional local anesthetics. First, the local anesthetic
      effect of methoxyflurane reached a plateau that did not change significantly for
      20 h while the injection of lidocaine and bupivacaine resulted in a peak effect
      that returned to baseline within 1 and 3 h, respectively. Second, the anesthetic
      effect of methoxyflurane remained essentially localized to the site of injection,
      while the anesthetic effect of lidocaine and bupivacaine migrated 15 cm in less
      than 1 h. The toxicity and safety of methoxyflurane were evaluated. When
      administered over the dosage range 1-16% (v/v) intradermally, or by injections
      into muscle, or by repeat injections every 4 days for 16 days, all animals
      regained their pretreatment response to painful stimulations, and there was no
      evidence of gross injury to tissue. Deliberate intravenous injection of 0.8 ml of
      6.7% (v/v) methoxyflurane microdroplets had no apparent anesthetic or toxic
      effect. The present study demonstrates that methoxyflurane microdroplets produce
      an anesthetic effect that is highly localized, stable in intensity, ultra-long in
      duration, and reversible.

PMID- 3840342
TI  - Mathematical model of geometry of the eye.
AB  - A computer program was written in order to construct a geometric model of the
      human eye, having as a base some subroutines from the SAP IV program designed by
      the University of California. It was written in Fortran. In order to generate the
      proposed geometry, it was necessary to divide the eye into three zones, each one
      corresponding to a plane geometric figure, since the human eye does not
      correspond to any one shape. When the three zones are joined together, they form
      an eyeball.

PMID- 3840341
TI  - Lymphocyte subpopulations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in asbestos workers.
AB  - We examined peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid lymphocyte
      subpopulations in 29 asbestos workers, 10 with and 19 without clinical or
      radiologic evidence of asbestosis. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations
      were also measured in 13 control subjects. The mean OKT4:OKT8 (T-helper/inducer:T
      suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocyte) ratio in BAL fluid in the 29 asbestos workers
      was 0.96 (range, not detected to 3.33), significantly less than 1.76 (1.33 to
      2.67) in peripheral blood (p less than 0.001). There were no significant
      differences in OKT4:OKT8 ratios in peripheral blood between the 10 patients with
      asbestosis, the 19 asbestos workers without asbestosis, and the 13 normal control
      subjects or in the OKT4:OKT8 ratios in BAL fluid between patients with asbestosis
      and asbestos workers without asbestosis. In the group as a whole, 83% of those
      who had suffered more than 5 yr of exposure to asbestos showed OKT4:OKT8 ratios
      less than 1.2, whereas in those who had suffered fewer than 5 yr of exposure, 80%
      showed ratios greater than 1.2 (p less than 0.02). No other relationships between
      OKT4:OKT8 ratios and clinical, radiographic, or physiologic variables were
      observed.

PMID- 3840343
TI  - [Natural and UV-induced variability of the producer of telavimycin Streptomyces
      levoris, Krass, strain 243].
AB  - The experimental data showed that the morphological variation of the culture of
      strain 243 of Streptomyces levoris, Krass, producing telavimycin (antibiotic 243)
      resulted in the formation of three morphological types differing in some features
      from the initial culture. Cultures of the type I and II colonies were most
      promising for selection. Strains producing higher yields of the antibiotic as
      compared to the initial strain 243 were selected from these cultures. After
      exposure of the spores of strain 243-96 to UV light in a dose of 500 erg/mm2 a
      highly productive strain 243-197 was isolated. The activity of this strain is 51
      per cent higher than that of strain 243-96.

PMID- 3840344
TI  - Reactions of lipoamide dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase with arsonic acids
      and arsonous acids.
AB  - Lipoamide dehydrogenase reacts irreversibly with arsonous acids, RAs(OH)2, and
      arsonic acids, RAs(O)(OH)2, to form enzyme-inhibitor complexes. The formation of
      inactive enzyme requires NADH and is kinetically first order in the presence of
      excess arsonous acid. The second-order rate constant for formation of the enzyme
      inhibitor complex was 545 min-1 M-1 for phenylarsonous acid, C6H5As(OH)2, and
      5640 min-1 M-1 for methanearsonous acid, CH3As(OH)2. The kinetics of formation of
      inactive enzyme in the presence of arsonic acids was found to obey a rate law
      predicted by a two-step mechanism in which a rate-limiting reduction of an
      arsonic acid to the corresponding arsonous acid by reduced enzyme, E(SH)2,
      preceded formation of an inactive binary complex of reduced enzyme and arsonous
      acid: ES2 + NADH + H+ = E(SH)2 + NAD+; E(SH)2 + RAs(O)(OH)2 = ES2 + RAs(OH)2 +
      H2O; and E(SH)2 + RAs(OH)2 = ES2AsR + 2H2O. GSSG reductase reacts reversibly with
      C6H5As(OH)2 to form an inactive binary addition compound in the presence of
      NADPH. The value of the association constant for formation of enzyme inhibitor
      complex at pH 7.0 was 119 M-1. The initial rate of the GSSG reductase-catalyzed
      oxidation of NADPH by GSSG was insensitive to MeAs(OH)2. The kinetics of
      inhibition of GSSG reductase by arsenite and C6H5As(O)(OH)2 were found to obey
      the rate law described for lipoamide dehydrogenase and arsonic acids. GSSG
      reductase catalyzed the oxidation of NADPH by p-arsanilic acid. The initial rate
      of oxidation of NADPH was linearly dependent on enzyme concentration. The
      turnover number for GSSG reductase with p-arsanilic acid as an oxidant was 0.13
      mol NADPH mol FAD-1 min-1.

PMID- 3840345
TI  - Effect of vitamin D deficiency on the composition and in vitro labeling of rat
      kidney proteins.
AB  - Densitometric analysis of single-dimension gels consistently demonstrated that,
      in addition to rat renal calcium binding protein (CaBP) (Mr 28,000), two other
      kidney proteins of Mr 16,500 and Mr 18,000 were significantly enriched in their
      contents in the vitamin D-replete rat. Partial characterization of the Mr 18,000
      and 16,500 proteins revealed that these proteins were heat-stable and distinct
      from calmodulin, as determined by their inability to undergo the calcium
      dependent mobility shift in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels which is characteristic
      of calmodulin. The Mr 16,500 and Mr 18,000 kidney proteins did not cross-react
      with rat renal or rat intestinal CaBP antisera, as assessed by radioimmunoassay
      and Western blot analysis. A comparison of peptide maps of tryptic digests of
      these proteins and purified rat renal CaBP, as analyzed by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography, revealed no apparent homology. Protein synthesis studies using
      [35S]methionine and short-term tissue culture of kidney cortex fragments
      indicated that the most pronounced effect of vitamin D or 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin
      D3 was increased synthesis of the Mr 28,000 protein (3.2- to 4.6-fold increase
      compared to -D rats, P less than 0.001). Synthesis of a Mr 54,500 protein
      increased by 1.3- to 1.5-fold (P less than 0.05) and [35S]methionine
      incorporation into a Mr 66,000 protein decreased by 1.2- to 1.3-fold (P less than
      0.05) in +D rats. This study represents the first detailed characterization of
      the effects of vitamin D on the composition and synthesis of rat kidney proteins.
      The data indicate that the most significant effect of vitamin D on kidney
      proteins is increased synthesis of the Mr 28,000 CaBP, suggesting that a major
      role of vitamin D in renal function is regulation of calcium transport at the
      distal tubule. However, dietary vitamin D or 1,25(OH)2D3 can influence the
      expression as well as the suppression of other specific kidney proteins.

PMID- 3840346
TI  - Regulation of mitochondrial compartment volumes in rat adrenal cortex by ether
      stress.
AB  - In vivo ether stress of rats causes release of pituitary adrenocorticotropin
      (ACTH) leading to activation of steroidogenesis in adrenal cortex mitochondria.
      The present studies show that this treatment also induces a decrease in the
      volume of the intermembrane space in isolated adrenal mitochondria. This decrease
      is accompanied by an increase in the volume of the matrix, thus leaving the total
      mitochondrial volume approximately constant. These effects are prevented by the
      protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, and are specific to the adrenal
      gland. The decrease in the intermembrane space (or increase in the matrix volume)
      is correlated with activation of the cholesterol side chain cleavage reaction
      (the regulated step in steroidogenesis). We propose as a working hypothesis that
      these changes reflect a hormonally regulated alteration in the relationship
      between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes, which may facilitate the
      rate-limiting movement of cholesterol from the outer to the inner membrane where
      the side chain cleavage enzyme is located.

PMID- 3840347
TI  - Maternal autoimmune disease and the fetus.

PMID- 3840348
TI  - Oxygen free radical induced damage in kidneys subjected to warm ischemia and
      reperfusion. Protective effect of superoxide dismutase.
AB  - Superoxide anion free radical (O2-.) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of
      tissue injury consequent to ischemia/reperfusion in several different organs,
      including heart and bowel. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme free radical
      scavenger specific for O2-., has been used successfully to protect these organs
      from structural damage during reoxygenation of ischemic tissue. It has been
      suggested that the catalytic action of xanthine oxidase in injured tissue is an
      important source of O2-. during reoxygenation. In order to evaluate the potential
      of SOD to protect against kidney damage resulting from transient ischemia
      followed by reperfusion with oxygenated blood, a model of warm renal ischemia was
      studied. LBNF1 rats underwent right nephrectomy and occlusion of the left renal
      artery for 45 minutes. Survival in the group of ischemic untreated rats (N = 30)
      was 56% at 7 days and serum creatinine was greatly elevated (p less than 0.01) in
      rats remaining alive over the full 7-day period. In strong contrast to these
      results, all of the animals treated with SOD before reperfusion (N = 18) were
      alive after 7 days similar to sham operated control rats (N = 8). Serum
      creatinine in the SOD treated rats was significantly elevated only to
      postoperative day 3 and thereafter returned to normal. Rats treated with inactive
      SOD (N = 4) or SOD before ischemia (N = 4) had decreased survival rates compared
      to ischemic untreated animals and prolonged elevation of serum creatinine. When
      the ischemia time was extended to 60 minutes, only 19% of the untreated animals
      (N = 16) survived at 7 days whereas nearly 60% of the SOD-treated animals
      survived (N = 19). Serum creatinine was greatly elevated during the full 7-day
      observation period in all surviving rats in the untreated ischemic group, whereas
      serum creatinine returned to normal (p less than 0.05) after 4 days in the
      surviving rats treated with SOD. To test whether the action of xanthine oxidase
      contributed to the kidney damage after reoxygenation, 45 min. ischemic rat
      kidneys were treated with allopurinol. All of the animals treated with
      allopurinol (N = 12) were alive at 7 days. Serum creatinine values returned to
      normal after the episode of ischemia and reperfusion but more slowly than after
      SOD treatment. Histologic evaluation of kidney tissue taken from animals after
      ischemia alone showed extensive renal tubular damage, which was essentially
      absent in kidneys from SOD-treated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3840350
TI  - BM 13.177 selectively inhibits endoperoxide analogue induced vascular
      contractions.
AB  - Experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of BM 13.177 on vascular
      smooth muscle. Rabbit femoral arteries were mounted for isometric tension
      recording and made to contract with the endoperoxide analogues U44064 and U46619,
      prostaglandin F2 alpha and E2, norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine and ATP in
      the absence and in the presence of BM 13.177. This compound (7 X 10(-5)M)
      inhibited contractions to the endoperoxide analogues and did not affect or
      slightly potentiated contractions induced with the other agonists except for
      those evoked with prostaglandin F2 alpha, which tended to be slightly inhibited.
      In 2 out of 5 unstimulated preparations tested, BM 13.177 at 7 X 10(-6) and 7 X
      10(-5)M caused small contractions. It is suggested that BM 13.177 is a selective
      thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist in vascular smooth muscle.

PMID- 3840349
TI  - Thromboxane A2 moderates permeability after limb ischemia.
AB  - Reperfusion after limb ischemia results in muscle edema as well as excess
      secretion of thromboxane A2 (TxA2), an agent associated with permeability
      increase in other settings. This study tests whether TxA2 moderates the
      permeability following limb ischemia. A tourniquet inflated to 300 mmHg was
      applied for 2 hours around the hind limb of four groups of dogs. In untreated
      animals (N = 25), 2 hours following tourniquet release, plasma TxB2 values rose
      from 320 pg/ml to 2416 pg/ml (p less than 0.001), and popliteal lymph values rose
      from 378 pg/ml to 1046 pg/ml (p less than 0.001). Platelet TxB2 was unaltered and
      plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels did not vary. Following ischemia, lymph flow (QL)
      increased from 0.07 to 0.37 ml/h (p less than 0.05), while the lymph/plasma (L/P)
      protein ratio was unchanged at 0.41. These measurements indicate increased
      permeability since increase in hydrostatic pressure in a second group by
      tourniquet inflation to 50 mmHg (N = 7) led to a rise in QL from 0.07 to 0.22
      ml/h, but a fall in the L/P ratio to 0.32, a value lower than the ischemic group
      (p less than 0.05). Pretreatment with the imidazole derivative ketoconazole (N =
      11) reduced platelet Tx synthesis from 42 ng to 2 ng/10(9) platelets, but lymph
      TxB2 levels rose to 1703 pg/ml after ischemia, indicating an extravascular or
      vessel wall site of synthesis not inhibited by ketoconazole. Pretreatment with a
      lower molecular weight imidazole derivative OKY 046 (N = 9) inhibited all Tx
      synthesis after ischemia. Prior to tourniquet inflation, both OKY 046 and
      ketoconazole lowered plasma TxB2 levels as well as the L/P ratio (p less than
      0.05). After ischemia, OKY 046, but not ketoconazole, maintained the L/P ratio at
      0.33, a value below that of untreated animals (p less than 0.05). These results
      indicate that nonplatelet-derived TxA2 modulates both baseline and ischemia
      induced increases in microvascular permeability in the dog hind limb.

PMID- 3840351
TI  - [Determination of pharmacokinetic variables in veterinary medicine using a
      computer program].

PMID- 3840352
TI  - [Morphological studies of the liver in retarded and stillborn piglets. 1. State
      of growth, structural maturity and metabolic activity].

PMID- 3840353
TI  - Multicentric giant lymph node hyperplasia, Kaposi's sarcoma, and lymphoma.
AB  - We studied two cases of a recently recognized systemic lymphoproliferative
      disease with morphological features of Castleman's disease: multicentric giant
      lymph node hyperplasia. Both patients developed Kaposi's sarcoma and had
      laboratory evidence of immune abnormalities, including reversed T4 to T8 ratios.
      One patient's disease had a subacute course with fevers of unknown origin,
      mucocutaneous candidiasis, and progressive thrombocytopenia, while the other
      patient's disease had a fulminant course with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and
      splenic lymphoma. Both patients were elderly, and both died of complications of
      multicentric giant lymph node hyperplasia.

PMID- 3840354
TI  - Sensitivity of anti-Leu-M1 as a marker in Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Seventy-eight cases of Hodgkin's disease (52 nodular sclerosis, 13 mixed
      cellularity, seven lymphocyte predominance, one lymphocyte depletion, one
      interfollicular, and four unclassified cases) were stained with anti-Leu-M1 using
      the immunoperoxidase technique on either formalin- or B-5-fixed, paraffin
      embedded sections. The cytoplasmic pattern and extent of staining of Reed
      Sternberg cells and mononuclear variants were recorded. Ninety-four percent of
      the cases had Leu-M1-positive cells. The staining intensity and number of
      positive cells were greatest in nodular sclerosis and least in lymphocyte
      predominance. There was variability, however, in the patterns and amounts of
      positivity for all subtypes. The neoplastic cells in 15 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas
      were uniformly negative for Leu-M1. For the individual case, lack of Leu-M1
      positivity does not exclude Hodgkin's disease as a diagnostic possibility, but
      when adequate numbers of Reed-Sternberg-like cells are present, complete absence
      of staining suggests an alternative diagnosis.

PMID- 3840355
TI  - Essential mixed cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis associated with diabetic
      glomerulosclerosis. Light, immunofluorescence, and ultrastructural study of two
      cases.
AB  - The association of cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis with diabetic
      glomerulosclerosis is reported in two patients. Renal pathology was investigated
      by light and electron microscopy and by immunofluorescence on biopsy material
      from both patients and on autopsy material (obtained a few hours after death)
      from one patient. Glomerular involvement due to cryoglobulins preceded the
      development of diabetic glomerulosclerosis in one patient. This contrasts with
      what has been reported in the literature, where various types of glomerular
      lesions are reported to be superimposed on overt and often long-lasting diabetic
      glomerulopathy. Though the association may be coincidental, the immune complexes
      (cryoglobulins) may have accelerated the formation of the nodular hyaline
      diabetic lesions in the mesangium through a mesangiolytic process.

PMID- 3840356
TI  - Fatal Yersinia enterocolitica sepsis after blood transfusion.
AB  - A patient with fatal Yersinia enterocolitica sepsis was seen recently in our
      intensive care unit. The patient had received two units of packed red blood cells
      during a surgical procedure. Cultures of the donor blood yielded Y
      enterocolitica, and a whole-organism enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the
      donors' sera suggested a recent infection with Y enterocolitica in an
      asymptomatic donor. Though rare, Y enterocolitica, which can grow at the cold
      temperatures of refrigerated blood, should be considered as a possible source of
      sepsis following blood transfusion.

PMID- 3840357
TI  - Herpes simplex lymphadenitis. An unusual presentation with necrosis and viral
      particles.
AB  - An inguinal lymph node was excised from a 23-year-old woman. Histologic
      examination revealed necrotic foci with cytologic changes indicative of herpes
      simplex virus; immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy confirmed the
      presence of virus. Typical cutaneous lesions appeared on the vulva three days
      after surgery. Focally necrotizing lymphadenitis and cytologic changes of viral
      transformation are unusual in herpes group infections.

PMID- 3840358
TI  - Nevus cell aggregates associated with lymph nodes. Immunohistochemical
      observations.
AB  - Nevus cell aggregates occurring in association with axillary lymph nodes can be
      difficult to recognize and differentiate from a metastatic breast carcinoma. We
      believe S100-protein immunoreactivity, along with negative staining for keratin
      and epithelial membrane antigen, and typical geographic distribution of nevus
      cell aggregates in lymph nodes are helpful in providing an accurate diagnosis.

PMID- 3840359
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization and chromatographic characterization of human
      chorionic gonadotropin in a bladder carcinoma.
AB  - We describe a patient with advanced bladder carcinoma, in which ectopic synthesis
      and secretion of human chorionic gonadotropinlike immunoreactivity (ihCG) was
      demonstrated. Concanavalin A-sepharose affinity chromatography of serum revealed
      that the ihCG differed from placental human chorionic gonadotropin in its
      carbohydrate moiety. Treatment of the patient with a cisplatin-containing regimen
      did not result in regression of the tumor. Since immunohistochemistry revealed
      ihCG in five of 13 additional cases of bladder carcinoma, it is concluded that
      ectopic production of ihCG by bladder carcinomas is probably not rare.

PMID- 3840360
TI  - Infantile hematomyelia complicating electrocardioversion.

PMID- 3840361
TI  - Bacterial contamination is still a hazard of blood transfusion.

PMID- 3840362
TI  - The coexpression of distinct classes of intermediate filaments in human
      neoplasms.

PMID- 3840363
TI  - Hemosiderin deposition in the pancreas.
AB  - A histopathologic study on hemosiderin deposition in the pancreas was performed.
      This study included three patients with primary hemochromatosis and 25 patients
      with aplastic anemia who were receiving blood transfusions. In the three patients
      with primary hemochromatosis, hemosiderin deposition was present in the acinar
      tissue, interstitium, islets of Langerhans, and ductal epithelium but occurred
      predominantly in the acinar tissue. Fibrosis was also found in the interlobular
      and intralobular areas in a diffuse and irregular manner. A micronodular
      arrangement of the acinar tissue was present in the atrophic exocrine pancreas.
      In patients with aplastic anemia who were receiving blood transfusions, the
      distribution and the quantity of hemosiderin approximately increased in
      accordance with the volume of blood given. Atrophy of the acinar tissue,
      interstitial fibrosis, and micronodular formation in the exocrine pancreas
      occurred in those patients who received a large volume of blood. Therefore,
      micronodular formation in the exocrine pancreas was one of the characteristic
      findings in patients with primary hemochromatosis and in patients with aplastic
      anemia who had received blood transfusions over a long period.

PMID- 3840364
TI  - [The use of "fermosin" fodder yeast in a multigeneration experiment with hens. 2.
      The laying period].
AB  - In a multi-generation experiment with 120 hens of the species White Leghorn per
      group kept in cages, the influence of 5%, 7.5% and 15% 'fermosinR' torula yeast
      in the ration of mixed feed on various performance parameters in the 364-day
      laying period was investigated under long-term toxicologic aspects. In all
      probability there is no indication of toxic influences. The compatibility of the
      biomass can be considered good provided the basic nutrition-physiologic demands
      are met.

PMID- 3840366
TI  - Neodymium-YAG laser sclerostomy in primates.
AB  - A one-stage sclerostomy procedure was performed "noninvasively" in four
      cynomolgus monkeys solely with the neodymium-YAG laser. The neodymium (Nd)-YAG
      laser was focused, for the most part, a few diopters behind the focus of the
      helium-neon aiming beam. This enabled optical breakdown to occur entirely within
      the sclera to produce a perforating micropuncture of the scleral tissue. Two
      monkeys were treated with higher energy (23 and 24 joules) and two were treated
      at lower energy levels (12 and 14 joules). An immediate reduction of intraocular
      pressure in the treated eye was associated with a significant increase in outflow
      facility. The sclerostomy remained patent for more than 180 days, as determined
      by tonography and histologic examination. Scanning electron microscopic
      examination of the cornea revealed no significant damage to the central cornea or
      to tissue adjacent to the visual axis in any of the treated eyes. However, there
      was some endothelial cell loss at the site of the laser treatment at the
      peripheral cornea and in the area immediately posterior to the incision; there
      was also a focal break in Descemet's membrane.

PMID- 3840365
TI  - The role of the vitreous in the intraocular pressure rise after neodymium-YAG
      laser capsulotomy.
AB  - Autologous liquid vitreous injected into the anterior chamber of the phakic owl
      monkey eye leads to markedly increased intraocular pressure (IOP) peaking at one
      to two hours. In contrast, neodymium-YAG laser shock waves focused in the center
      of the anterior chamber of the same animal led to a mild decrease in IOP. Debris
      produced by laser pulses focused on the residual cortex of owl monkey eyes that
      had undergone extracapsular surgery failed to increase the IOP. Similarly,
      injection of dialyzed vitreous did not have any significant influence on IOP. We
      conclude that the disruption of the integrity of the anterior cortical gel and
      the subsequent release of a dialyzable intravitreal substance with a molecular
      weight of less than 10,000 daltons into the anterior chamber may contribute to
      the IOP rise after surgical discission, including neodymium-YAG laser posterior
      capsulotomy.

PMID- 3840367
TI  - In situ actin distribution in excised retrolental membranes in retinopathy of
      prematurity.
AB  - Actin, an intracellular contractile protein, is associated with cell movements in
      both muscle and nonmuscle tissues. Using the fluorescent derivative of the
      mushroom toxin, phallacidin, which specifically binds to polymerized
      (filamentous) actin, we demonstrated the distribution of actin in retrolental
      membranes excised during open-sky vitrectomy from six infants with leukokoria due
      to retrolental fibroplasia. Actin was detected in ubiquitous linear bundles,
      which is consistent with the existence of contractile forces. Actin was also
      concentrated in the cortical cytoplasm of cells, thus outlining the plasma
      membranes. Transmission electron microscopy has identified many of these cells to
      be myofibroblastlike in appearance. Myofibroblasts are known to contract like
      smooth-muscle cells and have been reported as the putative causal factor in the
      contraction of scars and transvitreal membranes.

PMID- 3840368
TI  - The questionable relation between cochlear pigmentation and noise-induced hearing
      loss.
AB  - Some evidence has suggested that susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss may
      be inversely proportional to the amount of melanin in the cochlea. However,
      published data have not been consistent in demonstrating this relation, and some
      results may be contaminated by lack of genetic control in experimental animals.
      In this investigation, noise-induced hearing loss was evaluated in pigmented and
      albino C57BL/6J mice that differed only in their ability to produce melanin.
      Surface-recorded electric responses to sound were used to assess auditory
      sensitivity. Results indicated no difference between the two groups either in pre
      exposure thresholds or in magnitude of noise-induced threshold shift.

PMID- 3840369
TI  - Assignment of Lap-1 to linkage group I of the rat (Rattus norvegicus).
AB  - Genetic analysis of backcross progeny from previously characterized rat inbred
      strains revealed that the biochemical marker Lap-1 is localized in linkage group
      I (LG I). Lap-1 codes for leucine arylaminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11). The distances
      of Lap-1 to c, RT6, and Hbb, based on recombination frequencies, are 3.1 +/- 1.5,
      8.3 +/- 4.0, and 11.4 +/- 2.8 cM, respectively. Acon-1 codes for aconitase (EC
      4.2.1.3). The calculated distances of Acon-1 to c and Hbb are 30.1 +/- 5.0 and
      36.1 +/- 5.3 cM, respectively. This suggests that Acon-1 is also in LG I, but the
      observed high frequency of double crossovers requires further confirmation of
      this linkage. Ahd-2, Es-6, and Gdc-1 are linked neither to markers of LG I nor to
      one another.

PMID- 3840371
TI  - Human ApoB-100 gene resides in the p23----pter region of chromosome 2.
AB  - Human apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 is the major apolipoprotein of low density
      lipoproteins (LDL) and the principal ligand for interaction with the LDL
      receptor. The gene for apoB-100 has been localized to the p23----pter region of
      chromosome 2 by filter hybridization analysis with radiolabelled apoB-100 cDNA
      probes and human-mouse somatic cell hybrids containing chromosome 2
      translocations. Other genes at the end of the short arm of chromosome 2 include
      acid phosphatase, proopiomelanocortin complex, malate dehydrogenase, and N-myc,
      the latter gene has been previously localized to the same bands (2p23----pter) as
      the apoB-100 gene. The localization of the apoB-100 gene to the p23----pter
      region of chromosome 2 completes the genomic organizational relationship of the
      LDL receptor and the two apolipoprotein ligands for the LDL receptor, apoE and
      apoB-100; the LDL receptor and apoE having been previously localized to
      chromosome 19.

PMID- 3840370
TI  - Molecular cloning and characterization of the cDNA coding for C4b-binding
      protein, a regulatory protein of the classical pathway of the human complement
      system.
AB  - By using synthetic oligonucleotides as probes, plasmid clones containing portions
      of cDNA coding for human C4b-binding protein were isolated from a liver cDNA
      library. The entire amino acid sequence of the C4b-binding protein can be
      predicted from this study of the cloned cDNA when allied to a previous sequence
      study at the protein level [Chung, Gagnon & Reid (1985) Mol. Immunol. 22, 427
      435], in which over 55% of the amino acid sequence, including the N-terminal 62
      residues, was obtained. The plasmid clones isolated allowed the unambiguous
      determination of 1717 nucleotides of cDNA sequence between the codon for the 32nd
      amino acid in the sequence of C4b-binding protein and the 164th nucleotide in the
      3' non-translated region. The sequence studies show that the secreted form of C4b
      binding protein, found in plasma, is composed of chains of apparent Mr 70 000
      that contains 549 amino acid residues. Examination of the protein and cDNA
      sequence results show that there are at least two polymorphic sites in the
      molecule. One is at position 44, which can be glutamine or threonine, and the
      other is at position 309, which can be tyrosine or histidine. Northern-blot
      analysis indicated that the mRNA for C4b-binding protein is approx. 2.5 kilobases
      long. The N-terminal 491 amino acids of C4b-binding protein can be divided into
      eight internal homologous regions, each approx. 60 amino acids long, which can be
      aligned by the presence in each region of four half-cystine, one tryptophan and
      several other conserved residues. These regions in C4b-binding protein are
      homologous with the three internal-homology regions that have been reported to be
      present within the Ba region of the complement enzyme factor B and also to the
      internal-homology regions found in the non-complement beta 2-glycoprotein I.

PMID- 3840372
TI  - Comparison of sulfide oxygenation mechanism for liver microsomal FAD-containing
      monooxygenase with that for cytochrome P-450.
AB  - Mechanistic mode for the oxygenation of sulfides with the pig liver microsomal
      FAD-containing monooxygenase(EC 1.14.13.8) has been conveniently distinguished
      from that with the phenobarbital induced liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 by
      analyzing products of the oxygenation of phenacyl phenyl sulfide. Upon
      oxygenation of phenacyl phenyl sulfide, the FAD-containing monooxygenase gave
      solely phenacyl phenyl sulfoxide in contrast to the cytochrome P-450 promoted
      oxygenation which is known to give substantial amounts of C-S bond fission
      products. The observation suggests that the oxygenation of sulfide with FAD
      containing monooxygenase involves the nucleophilic attack of the divalent sulfur
      on the reactive oxygen atom involved at the enzyme active site, namely
      electrophilic oxygenation of sulfide, though the oxygenation with the cytochrome
      P-450 is initiated by a single electron transfer from the sulfide to the enzyme
      active species.

PMID- 3840373
TI  - Complementarity between ferritin H mRNA and 28 S ribosomal RNA.
AB  - We have found an interesting complementarity in sequences of human ferritin H
      mRNA and 28 S ribosomal RNA. Immediately upstream of the initiating AUG in the
      ferritin mRNA is a stretch of 67 nucleotides which contains sequences
      complementary to several regions in 28 S RNA. One such region can form 55 base
      pairings with the 5' noncoding region of the ferritin H mRNA. Most of the
      complementarity is due to repeats of CCG in the ferritin mRNA and GGC in the
      ribosomal RNA. The regions of complementarity in the 28 S RNA appear to be
      expansion sequences that have arisen in the evolution of eukaryotic ribosomal
      RNA. We suggest that interaction of ferritin mRNA and 28 S RNA may function to
      regulate the stability and/or translatability of ferritin mRNA.

PMID- 3840374
TI  - Induction of fatty acid beta-oxidation and peroxisome proliferation in the liver
      of rhesus monkeys by DL-040, a new hypolipidemic agent.
AB  - Many structurally unrelated hypolipidemic agents and certain phthalate-ester
      plasticizers induce hepatomegaly and proliferation of peroxisomes in liver
      parenchymal cells of rodents, but there is relatively limited evidence regarding
      the ability of such compounds to induce peroxisome proliferation in the livers of
      nonrodent species including man. The present study was designed to determine if
      DL-040 (4-(((1,3-benzodioxol)-5-yl)methyl)amino-benzoic acid), a newly developed
      hypolipidemic agent, induces peroxisome proliferation in the liver of adult
      rhesus monkeys. Feeding of DL-040 (300 mg/kg body wt for 1 week; and 400 mg/kg
      body wt for 10 weeks) caused a significant increase in peroxisome population as
      determined by ultrastructural and morphometric analyses. The DL-040-induced
      peroxisome proliferation was accompanied by increases in the levels of catalase,
      carnitine acetyltransferase and the peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation system.
      As expected, DL-040 caused a significant reduction of serum cholesterol and low
      density lipoprotein content. These data suggest that hepatic peroxisome
      proliferation is inducible in nonhuman primates at dose levels that exceed
      therapeutic levels.

PMID- 3840375
TI  - Effect of tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, on phospholipid/calcium
      dependent protein kinase and phosphorylation of its endogenous substrate proteins
      from the rat brain and ovary.
AB  - Antiestrogens (tamoxifen, clomiphene and nafoxidine) were found to inhibit
      phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (PL/Ca-PK, or protein kinase C),
      whereas estrogens (estradiol and diethylstilbesterol) and the weakly estrogenic
      chlorotrianisene were inactive. Kinetic analysis indicated that the antiestrogens
      inhibited PL/Ca-PK competitively with respect to phosphatidylserine (Ki = 16-27
      microM), but non-competitively with Ca2+ (Ki = 14-30 microM). Tamoxifen, but not
      diethylstilbesterol, also inhibited the phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent
      phosphorylation of various endogenous proteins from the total, solubilized
      fraction of the rat brain and ovary. Myosin light chain kinase, a calmodulin/Ca2+
      dependent class of protein kinase, was similarly inhibited by tamoxifen; the
      drug, however, was without effect on cyclic AMP-dependent and cyclic GMP
      dependent protein kinases. It is suggested that PL/Ca-PK, by virtue of the
      hydrophobic interactions required for the enzyme activation, may represent a
      potential site of action for the lipophilic antiestrogens, in addition to the
      commonly recognized intracellular estrogen receptors.

PMID- 3840376
TI  - Developing computer model for analysis of human cold tolerance.

PMID- 3840377
TI  - [Serum levels of phenobarbital in the newborn infant using different doses
      calculated for obtaining a predetermined level].

PMID- 3840378
TI  - Bone resorption in vitro: activating effect of factors synthetized by bone cells
      in organ culture.

PMID- 3840379
TI  - Metabolic bone disease with and without osteomalacia after intestinal bypass
      surgery: a bone histomorphometric study.
AB  - We performed iliac bone histomorphometry after in vivo double tetracycline
      labeling 3-14 years after intestinal bypass surgery for obesity in 21 patients,
      selected because of clinical suspicion of metabolic bone disease, and compared
      the results with those of 40 age-matched normal control subjects. Osteomalacia
      defined by rigorous kinetic criteria was found in six cases, histologic features
      of secondary hyperparathyroidism without significantly impaired mineralization in
      one case, and possible osteomalacia masked by impaired matrix synthesis in one
      case. In the patients with definite osteomalacia, nonfracture bone pain was more
      frequent, corrected plasma calcium lower, plasma alkaline phosphatase and
      magnesium higher, and secondary hyperparathyroidism more severe than in the other
      patients. In the patients without osteomalacia there was a 24.5% reduction in
      trabecular bone volume compared to the controls; in contrast to age-related bone
      loss and post-menopausal osteoporosis, this was due mainly to reduction in the
      thickness rather than the density of trabecular plates. About two-thirds of the
      reduction in trabecular thickness was due to reduction in interstitial bone
      thickness, representing the cumulative effect of increased depth of osteoclastic
      resorption cavities, probably due in part to secondary hyperparathyroidism. About
      one-third of the reduction in trabecular thickness was the result of reduced mean
      wall thickness, representing insufficient osteoblastic matrix synthesis, probably
      due in part to malabsorption of an unidentified nutrient necessary for normal
      bone health. Resorption indices were not increased at the time of the biopsy, but
      there were persistent defects in the recruitment and activity of osteoblasts.
      Clinically significant bone loss after intestinal shunt surgery, as in several
      other clinical situations, results from the combined effects of an unsustained
      increase in bone resorption and a sustained decrease in bone formation.

PMID- 3840380
TI  - Effect of renal failure on laudanosine excretion in man.
AB  - Patients with renal failure and undergoing a cadaver renal transplant were found
      to have plasma concentrations of laudanosine, following the administration of a
      single bolus dose of atracurium 0.5 mg kg-1, higher than those found in patients
      without renal failure. Since laudanosine is a known central nervous system
      stimulant in a variety of animal species, its actions should be investigated
      further in man, and particularly in patients with renal failure.

PMID- 3840381
TI  - A comparison of atracurium and alcuronium during halothane anaesthesia by
      measurement of the train-of-four response of the adductor pollicis muscle and
      clinical observation.
AB  - Atracurium and alcuronium have been compared during halothane anaesthesia, by
      measurement of the mechanical response of the adductor pollicis muscles to train
      of-four stimulation and by clinical observation. Atracurium appeared
      significantly shorter-acting than alcuronium. However, results suggested that the
      action of alcuronium may not be of "medium duration". A comparison of three
      indices of muscle twitch response to the train-of-four nerve stimulation, seemed
      to indicate that the D'/D ratio gave the best overall index of neuromuscular
      blockade in this study.

PMID- 3840382
TI  - In vitro degradation of atracurium in human plasma.
AB  - The degradation of atracurium and the formation of laudanosine was examined in
      vitro in both Sorensen buffer and human plasma using sensitive, specific high
      pressure liquid chromatographic assays to determine drug concentrations. At
      normal physiological pH and temperature, the degradation of atracurium was
      threefold more rapid in plasma than in buffer. Laudanosine is the major end
      product of atracurium degradation in buffer or in plasma; its production is more
      rapid in plasma than in buffer. Dilution of plasma constituents or the use of
      diisopropylfluorophosphate (a potent esterase inhibitor), slows the degradation
      of atracurium and the production of laudanosine. We conclude that, although ester
      hydrolysis is the major metabolic pathway of atracurium degradation, Hofmann
      elimination provides a "safety net" in its clinical use.

PMID- 3840383
TI  - Dystrophia myotonica and atracurium. A case report.
AB  - Atracurium was used to produce neuromuscular blockade in a patient with
      dystrophia myotonica. Operating conditions were excellent and myotonia was not
      seen. Sensitivity to atracurium was not seen and spontaneous recovery was not
      prolonged.

PMID- 3840384
TI  - The progestogen-only pill.

PMID- 3840385
TI  - Angle closure following neodymium-YAG(Nd YAG) laser capsulotomy in the aphakic
      eye.

PMID- 3840386
TI  - Calorimetric and fluorescence characterization of interactions between
      enkephalins and liposomal and synaptic plasma membranes containing gangliosides.
AB  - The interactions of the opioid peptide [D-Ala2]methionine-enkephalinamide with
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) large unilamellar vesicles containing
      gangliosides GM1, Gd1a, and Gt1b and synaptic plasma membranes selectively
      enriched with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and ganglioside Gd1a have
      been investigated by using high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. In
      the absence of gangliosides, the addition of enkephalinamide in concentrations of
      up to 10(-3) M does not induce any appreciable change in the heat capacity
      function of DPPC. In the presence of gangliosides, however, changes in the heat
      capacity function were observed with as little as micromolar concentrations of
      the enkephalinamide; the same is true for DMPC-Gd1a-enriched synaptic membranes.
      The magnitude and the nature of the enkephalinamide effect depend on the type of
      ganglioside studied. For DPPC vesicles containing ganglioside GM1 only a slight
      broadening in the heat capacity function and a small upward shift in the
      transition temperature were observed. For DPPC vesicles containing ganglioside
      Gd1a the effect was more dramatic; enkephalinamide concentrations as low as 10(
      5) M caused the appearance of two well-defined peaks in the heat capacity
      function in contrast to the one peak observed in the absence of enkephalinamide.
      In the case of DPPC vesicles containing ganglioside Gt1b the enkephalinamide
      effect was seen at concentrations of 10(-4) M or higher. Synaptic plasma
      membranes were isolated from bovine brain, selectively enriched with exogenous
      lipid, and their thermotropic behavior was characterized by steady-state
      fluorescence spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. This lipid
      enrichment results in the appearance of a membrane phase transition otherwise
      absent in the intact membrane preparation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3840387
TI  - Effects of hydrostatic pressure on the molecular structure and endothermic phase
      transitions of phosphatidylcholine bilayers: a Raman scattering study.
AB  - The temperature dependences of the Raman spectra of aqueous dispersions of 1,2
      dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine (DMPC) were monitored at different but constant pressures between
      1 and 1210 bar. The changes observed in these Raman spectra are discussed in
      terms of the effects of high pressure on the phase state and molecular structure
      of lipid bilayers. It is demonstrated that the temperature of the endothermic gel
      to liquid-crystal phase transition, as well as the temperature of the
      pretransition, increases linearly with increasing hydrostatic pressure. The
      dTm/dP values obtained from a wide range of pressures are 20.8 degrees C X kbar-1
      for DPPC and 20.1 degrees C X kbar-1 for DMPC. The dTp/dP value for DPPC is 16.2
      degrees C X kbar-1. It is also shown that the volume change that occurs at the
      gel to liquid-crystal transition is not constant; i.e., d delta Vm/dP decreases
      by 6.2% (DPPC) or 6.3% (DMPC) per kilobar pressure. The volume change at the
      pretransition is also pressure dependent; the d delta Vp/dP value of DPPC
      decreases by 4.7% per kilobar pressure.

PMID- 3840388
TI  - A Raman spectroscopic study on the effect of cholesterol on lipid packing in
      diether phosphatidylcholine bilayer dispersions.
AB  - For assessing lipid-sterol packing characteristics in model membrane systems, the
      vibrational Raman spectra of 1,2-di-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
      (DHPC) multilamellar dispersions containing 18 mol% cholesterol were examined.
      The thermotropic behavior of the pure diether- and cholesterol-containing
      bilayers were studied in both the C-H stretching (2800-3100 cm-1) and C-C
      stretching (1000-1200 cm-1) mode regions, spectral intervals reflecting
      intermolecular and intramolecular order/disorder characteristics. Pure DHPC
      bilayers exhibit the pretransition and gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition
      temperatures at approx. 31 and 42.8 degrees C, respectively. In contrast to the
      temperature behavior of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol bilayers in
      which the primary phase transition Tm, is simply broadened, Tm is increased to
      approx. 49.6 degrees C in the DHPC (diether PC) liposomes containing 18 mol%
      cholesterol. As in the saturated chain diacyl-cholesterol bilayer systems, the
      sterol disorders the DHPC gel phase and eliminates the pretransition, while
      ordering the liquid-crystalline phase. Pure diether liposomes exhibit a headgroup
      dehydration effect as the multilamellar dispersions are cycled slowly over a
      temperature range including the gel and liquid-crystalline forms. That is, on
      multiple passages through the phase transitions, both the gel and liquid
      crystalline bilayer forms assume an increased hydrocarbon chain order. In the
      cholesterol-containing diether bilayers, only the disordered intra- and
      interchain states are formed.

PMID- 3840389
TI  - Reutilization of surfactant phosphatidylcholine in adult rabbits.
AB  - 32P-saturated phosphatidylcholine was added to [3H]choline-labeled natural
      surfactant and the mixture was injected intratracheally into 87 adult rabbits.
      The rabbits were also given [14C]palmitate intravenously at the same time.
      Rabbits were killed in groups from 10 min to 72 h after injection. In each rabbit
      we measured the total recovered [3H]phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the alveolar
      wash, the ratio of [3H]PC to [32P]PC in the alveolar wash, and the specific
      activity of [14C]PC in the alveolar wash and lamellar bodies. Values were
      averaged for all rabbits killed at the same times and smooth curves were fit to
      the data by computer. From the intravenous [14C]palmitate data we calculated a
      turnover time for alveolar PC of 6.0 h. From the intratracheal labeling data, we
      calculated a turnover time for alveolar PC of 5.7 h and determined that alveolar
      PC was reutilized at an efficiency of only 23%. We also concluded that this
      reutilization occurred as intact molecules.

PMID- 3840390
TI  - Quantitation of a mass action of dopaminergic neurones regulating temporal
      damping of linear electrocortical waves.
AB  - We have previously proposed that electrocortical waves are linear waves, subject
      to regulation by mesotelencephalic dopaminergic neurones. As a further means to
      test this theory, selective unilateral lesions of varying extent were made in the
      nucleii of origin of the dopaminergic mesotelencephalic tract. Changes in the
      electrocortical power spectrum were assessed by a repeated measure, between
      hemispheres comparison of ratio changes in power. With increasing unilateral
      dopamine cell damage, the animals showed increasing contralateral sensorimotor
      neglect. Curve fitting the ratio changes in power attributable to lesion, showed
      that estimates of the power of driving signals and the temporal damping moved in
      reverse directions with increasing extent of lesion, as expected from the theory.
      A further test was undertaken, to determine whether equal estimates for a
      transformation of surface signals were obtained from each side. Equality would
      not be expected if the equation for relative power were invalid. Left and right
      equality was found for three grades of unilateral lesion.

PMID- 3840391
TI  - Contributions of the fetoplacental unit to augmented uterine prostaglandin levels
      periparturition in the rat.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to determine if the acute alterations in
      uterine prostanoid levels at the end of pregnancy are influenced locally by the
      fetoplacental unit (FPU). Unilaterally pregnant rats were killed on Days 20 and
      21 of pregnancy (delivery = Day 21.5) and uterine tissue was removed and analyzed
      for prostaglandin (PG) E, PGF, thromboxane B2 (TxB2), and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6KF)
      by radioimmunoassay. A significant (P less than 0.05) main effect of Day (20 vs.
      21) and Uterine Horn (nonpregnant vs. pregnant), but no interaction for PGE, PGF,
      and TxB2 was detected. In contrast, a significant interaction (P less than 0.05)
      of Day with Uterine Horn was found for uterine 6KF levels. Examination of the
      simple main effects indicated an enhanced level (P less than 0.05) of 6KF in
      uterine tissue adjacent compared to opposite the FPU at Days 20 and 21. However,
      uterine 6KF levels in the nonpregnant, but not pregnant, uterine horn were
      greater at Day 21 compared to Day 20 of pregnancy. The lack of a significant
      interaction of the main effects for PGE, PGF, and TxB2 suggests that the
      increased levels of these PGs between Days 20 and 21 were proportional in the
      nonpregnant and pregnant uterine horn. Therefore, the factor(s) responsible for
      the augmentation in these uterine PG levels between Days 20 and 21 is(are) most
      likely arriving via systemic circulation. In addition, the proportionate
      increases in uterine PGs imply that the FPU is not conferring upon adjacent
      uterine tissue any unique ability to respond to systemic factors.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3840392
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of chronically stimulated platinum intracochlear
      electrodes.
AB  - Platinum electrodes were examined for evidence of corrosion using a scanning
      electron microscope (SEM). In vivo electrodes, stimulated using charge-balanced
      biphasic pulses for periods of up to 2000 h at charge densities of 0.18-0.32
      microC mm-2 geom. per phase, were compared with in vitro electrodes stimulated in
      inorganic saline using similar stimulus parameters, and with in vivo control
      electrodes. The in vitro stimulated electrodes showed evidence of platinum
      corrosion at high charge density and aggregate charge injection. Significantly,
      the in vivo stimulated electrodes showed no evidence of stimulus induced
      corrosion. Indeed, their surfaces were similar to the in vivo control electrodes.
      In vitro electrochemical studies have demonstrated that proteins play a
      significant role in the inhibition of platinum dissolution: the present study has
      demonstrated an inhibitory effect in vivo. This may be due to the presence of
      proteins.

PMID- 3840393
TI  - Computer simulation of flagellar movement. VI. Simple curvature-controlled models
      are incompletely specified.
AB  - Computer simulation is used to examine a simple flagellar model that will
      initiate and propagate bending waves in the absence of viscous resistances. The
      model contains only an elastic bending resistance and an active sliding mechanism
      that generates reduced active shear moment with increasing sliding velocity.
      Oscillation results from a distributed control mechanism that reverses the
      direction of operation of the active sliding mechanism when the curvature reaches
      critical magnitudes in either direction. Bend propagation by curvature-controlled
      flagellar models therefore does not require interaction with the viscous
      resistance of an external fluid. An analytical examination of moment balance
      during bend propagation by this model yields a solution curve giving values of
      frequency and wavelength that satisfy the moment balance equation and give
      uniform bend propagation, suggesting that the model is underdetermined. At 0
      viscosity, the boundary condition of 0 shear rate at the basal end of the
      flagellum during the development of new bends selects the particular solution
      that is obtained by computer simulations. Therefore, the details of the pattern
      of bend initiation at the basal end of a flagellum can be of major significance
      in determining the properties of propagated bending waves in the distal portion
      of a flagellum. At high values of external viscosity, the model oscillates at
      frequencies and wavelengths that give approximately integral numbers of waves on
      the flagellum. These operating points are selected because they facilitate the
      balance of bending moments at the ends of the model, where the external viscous
      moment approaches 0. These mode preferences can be overridden by forcing the
      model to operate at a predetermined frequency. The strong mode preferences shown
      by curvature-controlled flagellar models, in contrast to the weak or absent mode
      preferences shown by real flagella, therefore do not demonstrate the
      inapplicability of the moment-balance approach to real flagella. Instead, they
      indicate a need to specify additional properties of real flagella that are
      responsible for selecting particular operating points.

PMID- 3840394
TI  - Central nervous system leukemia in children with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Factors contributing to the development of central nervous system (CNS) leukemia,
      and the impact of leukemic involvement of this site on subsequent remission
      length, were determined in 184 children with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia who
      had been treated in two successive clinical trials. Preventive CNS therapy in
      both studies consisted of intrathecal methotrexate (12 mg/m2) given monthly
      during the first six months of therapy and then every three months until all
      treatment was stopped. Children with CNS leukemia at diagnosis or relapse were
      given intrathecal chemotherapy weekly for four weeks and then monthly throughout
      the remainder of the treatment course. Those continuing in complete remission
      received 2,400 rad cranial irradiation plus five doses of intrathecal
      methotrexate before cessation of therapy. The 38 children (20.7%) with CNS
      leukemia at diagnosis were more likely to have an initial leukocyte count greater
      than or equal to 25 X 10(9)/L (P = .01) and age less than 2 years (P = .03). The
      presence of CNS leukemia at diagnosis did not adversely affect the remission
      induction rate (P = .13) or the length of complete remissions (P = .73). CNS
      relapse ended initial remissions in 11 patients only and did not preclude
      subsequent long-term survival, as four of these children are off therapy and in
      second complete remission for 33+ to 78+ months. Three features at diagnosis were
      predictive of CNS relapse: monocytic or myelomonocytic leukemia (P = .002); age
      less than 2 years (P = .0001); and leukocyte count greater than or equal to 25 X
      10(9)/L (P = .012). By stepwise Cox regression analysis, each factor was found to
      have independent predictive value. Despite the apparent effectiveness of
      intrathecal methotrexate as preventive CNS treatment, our findings indicate that
      more effective prophylaxis is needed for patients with features predisposing to
      CNS relapse.

PMID- 3840395
TI  - A novel treatment of childhood lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: early and
      intermittent use of teniposide plus cytarabine.
AB  - We treated 24 children and adolescents with stage III or IV lymphoblastic non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma, using a protocol designed for patients with poor-prognosis
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Early therapy consisted of teniposide plus
      cytarabine administered before and immediately after prednisone, vincristine, and
      asparaginase. The two-drug combination was also given intermittently with
      continuous 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate during the first year of
      continuation chemotherapy. Periodic intrathecal methotrexate and delayed cranial
      irradiation were used to prevent central nervous system involvement.
      Anthracycline compounds, alkylating agents, high-dose methotrexate, and involved
      field irradiation were not used in any phase of treatment. Twenty-two (96%) of
      the 23 evaluable patients achieved complete remission. With a median follow-up of
      2 1/2 years, only four patients have relapsed; the remainder have been disease
      free for eight months to more than five years. The projected four-year continuous
      complete remission rate is 73% for all patients and 79% for the 19 with
      mediastinal involvement at diagnosis. These results demonstrate that use of
      teniposide plus cytarabine with an otherwise conventional plan of ALL therapy is
      an effective approach to the treatment of childhood lymphoblastic lymphoma.

PMID- 3840396
TI  - Experimental testing of Mackay's model for functional antagonism in the isolated
      costo-uterus of the rat.
AB  - Several key predictions of a recently developed model for functional antagonism
      (Mackay, 1981) were experimentally tested using the rat isolated costo-uterine
      preparation. In the presence of the functional antagonist fenoterol (Fen), the
      functional constants (KAF) for carbachol and oxotremorine (Oxo) were respectively
      9.9 and 3.4 fold greater than their corresponding affinity constants (KA).
      According to Mackay's model for functional antagonism, the higher KAF/KA ratio
      for carbachol indicates that this cholinoceptor agonist has a greater efficacy
      than Oxo. This was confirmed by using conventional pharmacological methods. As
      predicted from the model of functional antagonism, the plot of KAF/KA-1 against
      the fraction of cholinoceptors not irreversibly blocked by phenoxybenzamine (Pbz)
      was linear for both carbachol and Oxo and the lines of best fit crossed the axes
      at a point not significantly different from the origin. The value of 4.6 for the
      relative efficacy of carbachol to Oxo estimated from functional antagonism
      studies was comparable to the value of 5.6 calculated using the method of
      irreversible antagonism proposed by Furchgott (1966).

PMID- 3840397
TI  - AH23848, a thromboxane antagonist, suppresses ischaemia and reperfusion-induced
      arrhythmias in anaesthetized greyhounds.
AB  - The effects of the thromboxane antagonist AH23848 (1 mg kg-1 i.v.) were examined
      in anaesthetized greyhounds prepared for occlusion of the left anterior
      descending coronary artery with subsequent reperfusion after 40 min of myocardial
      ischaemia. Pretreatment with AH23848 30 min before coronary artery occlusion
      reduced the number of ischaemia-induced extrasystoles to 339 +/- 111 compared
      with 736 +/- 153 in the control group. The incidence of ventricular fibrillation
      following reperfusion was also markedly reduced; 25% compared with 88% in the
      controls. Late intervention with AH23848, 25 min after the onset of myocardial
      ischaemia did not significantly alter the incidence of reperfusion-induced
      ventricular fibrillation; 70% of the control group died and 60% of those that
      received AH23848. The ischaemia-induced release of thromboxane A2 and
      prostacyclin was not altered by pretreatment with AH23848. The results suggest
      that blockade of thromboxane receptors before myocardial ischaemia is an
      effective antiarrhythmic strategy in this model.

PMID- 3840398
TI  - Cross-species embryonic septal transplants: restoration of conditioned learning
      behavior.
AB  - Embryonic septal and hippocampal tissue from mice was transplanted between
      species into the brains of adult rat hosts as cell suspensions. Deficits in the
      ability to learn a conditioned, hippocampally mediated, forced alternation
      behavior, which were caused by a bilateral transection of the fornix-fimbria
      pathway, were ameliorated in the septal transplant recipients. The successful
      performance of the task was correlated to the density index of
      acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampal section.

PMID- 3840399
TI  - Effects of bilateral ibotenate-induced lesions of the nucleus basalis
      magnocellularis upon selective cholinergic biochemical markers in the rat
      anterior cerebral cortex.
AB  - The relationship of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and high affinity
      binding of the potent and selective sodium-dependent choline uptake inhibitor
      [3H]hemicholinium-3 ([3H]HC-3) to high-affinity binding of the muscarinic agonist
      [3H](+)-cis-methyldioxolane ([3H](+)CD), the putative M1 selective antagonist
      [3H]pirenzepine ([3H]PZ) and the classical antagonist [3H](-)-quinuclidinyl
      benzilate ([3H](-)QNB) in homogenates of the rat neocortex was studied. ChAT
      activity was 42% lower in rats with ibotenate-induced lesions of the nucleus
      basalis magnocellularis (nbm) when compared to controls, and [3H]HC-3 binding was
      similarly reduced by 44%. However, equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd values)
      for [3H]HC-3 (0.8-1.0 nM), [3H](-)QNB (11-24 pM), [3H]PZ (4.0-4.3 nM) and
      [3H](+)CD (2.1-2.9 nM) were each unchanged. Mean Bmax values (total binding site
      densities) for [3H](+)CD were significantly altered in both hemispheres of the
      anterior cerebral cortex, showing a 25% reduction in the number of sites which
      display the highest affinity conformation for this potent muscarinic agonist. The
      decreased ChAT activity and [3H]HC-3 binding after nbm lesions were associated
      with only slight reductions in putative M1 muscarinic site density (14%) and
      [3H](-)QNB binding site density (13%). Thus, it appears that while [3H]PZ and
      [3H](-)QNB label predominantly postsynaptic muscarinic binding sites, a
      significant number of sites labeled by [3H](+)CD may be associated with
      presynaptic cholinergic nerve terminals. These data suggest that cholinergic
      input differentially regulates the drug binding sites of anterior cerebral
      cortical muscarinic receptors, exerting a substantial effect upon the highest
      affinity conformational state for agonists.

PMID- 3840400
TI  - Power spectral analysis of hippocampal and cortical EEG activity following severe
      prenatal protein malnutrition in the rat.
AB  - We have studied the effects of prenatal protein malnutrition on development of
      the hippocampal and frontal cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) activity.
      Using power spectral analyses in rats of several age groups we found that protein
      malnutrition, instituted prenatally and continued postnatally, produces marked
      alterations in power spectral measures, i.e., alterations in peak theta frequency
      in the hippocampus during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Peak theta frequency
      was found to be significantly retarded in malnourished animals, especially during
      the preweaning period of development. Protein malnutrition, therefore, appears to
      affect mechanisms responsible for generating the tonic component of theta
      activity.

PMID- 3840401
TI  - Randomization program for Apple IIe computer.

PMID- 3840402
TI  - Physical, chemical, and physiological characteristics of isolates of pulmonary
      surfactant from adult rabbits.
AB  - Physical and chemical characteristics of two types of preparations of surface
      active material from adult rabbits were determined. A procedure using multiple
      centrifugations produced a surface active material (type A) which had 6.6% by
      weight protein and a phosphorus/protein ratio of 13.1 nmol P/microgram protein. A
      simpler protocol involving two centrifugations yielded a surface active material
      (type B) with more protein (10.8%) and a lower phosphorus/protein ratio (8.4
      nmol/micrograms). Lipid compositions of both types were similar with
      phosphatidylcholine being the major phospholipid (80%) and palmitate the major
      fatty acid in the total lipid (65-71%) and in phosphatidylcholine (80%). Both
      types exhibited broad thermotropic phase transitions encompassing 37 degrees C.
      Measurements of aqueous dispersions of surface active material on the surface of
      a Langmuir-Whilhelmy balance or in a pulsating bubble apparatus indicated that
      there was variability both between types and between batches of the same type in
      the capacity to reach low surface tension on the surface balance and in the rates
      at which low surface tension was achieved on the bubble apparatus. Type A
      preparations were somewhat more reliable in meeting these ends than were type B.
      Both types of isolates were effective in normalizing pressure-volume
      characteristics when instilled into the lungs of immature rabbit fetuses.

PMID- 3840403
TI  - Kwashiorkor in an urban Canadian child.

PMID- 3840404
TI  - Primary lymphoma of the liver. Ten cases and a review of the literature.
AB  - Ten adult white patients (21-75 years old; six women, four men) presented with
      large cell lymphoma of the liver. Each complained of abdominal pain and/or an
      abdominal mass, and five had B-symptomatology of weight loss, fever (one
      patient), and night sweats (three patients). At laparotomy (eight patients) or by
      computerized tomography, liver-spleen scan and lymphangiogram (two patients with
      percutaneous liver biopsy only), the liver was the sole site of involvement,
      although subsequent staging procedures revealed bone marrow involvement in three
      patients. Initial biopsy interpretation was incorrect in four cases which were
      diagnosed as poorly differentiated carcinoma. Although uncommon, the differential
      diagnosis of primary liver lymphoma should be entertained when patients present
      with solitary (three cases) or multiple (six cases) liver defects, particularly
      when alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen levels are normal. One
      patient had diffuse hepatomegaly. Treatment included biopsy (eight patients) or
      resection (two patients) followed by combination chemotherapy. All patients are
      alive from 0 to over 10 years (mean, 2.4; median, 1.8 years): six in complete
      remission, two with less than 6-months follow-up, and two with recurrent
      lymphoma. Examination of this group of patients along with 19 cases identified in
      the literature suggests that this is a more treatable disease than primary liver
      carcinoma.

PMID- 3840405
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring.
AB  - The authors retrospectively analyzed 103 patients to investigate the value of
      examination of Waldeyer's ring with biopsies as a staging procedure in patients
      with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Twenty-three patients had clinical involvement of
      Waldeyer's ring. In 55 of 80 remaining patients, this staging procedure was
      performed but positive biopsy specimens were found only in patients with advanced
      disease. No correlation was found between positive biopsy specimens and the
      histologic subtype. No positive biopsy specimens of Waldeyer's ring were obtained
      in patients with cervical lymphadenopathy without clinical involvement of the
      nasopharynx and in patients with localized lymphoma of the gastrointestinal
      tract. Blind biopsies of Waldeyer's ring as a staging procedure proved to be of
      no value in the patients. The results of therapy in 23 patients with involvement
      of Waldeyer's ring were good. Unfavorable histologic subtypes (intermediate or
      high-grade malignancy) were predominant (91%). Eighteen of 22 patients (82%)
      achieved complete remission, with a relapse-free survival rate at 60 months of
      95%. For the whole group of patients, the actuarial survival rate at 72 months
      was 71%.

PMID- 3840406
TI  - Malignant lymphomas involving the prostate. A study of 13 cases.
AB  - The clinical and pathologic findings in 13 cases of malignant lymphoma involving
      the prostate gland were reviewed. The lymphomas tended to occur in elderly men
      with a mean age of 60 years (range, 30-86 years) and were clinically manifested
      by prostatic enlargement with urinary obstruction. In only one of the patients
      was there clinical suspicion of lymphoma before surgery. Seven patients had
      primary extranodal lymphoma of the prostate, with a variety of histologic
      subtypes, including small cell lymphocytic (one patient), diffuse small cleaved
      cell (two patients), diffuse mixed small and large cell (two patients), diffuse
      large non-cleaved cell (one patient), and high-grade diffuse small non-cleaved
      cell (undifferentiated non-Burkitt's) (one patient). At the time of presentation,
      none of these patients had hepatosplenomegaly, inguinal lymphadenopathy, abnormal
      complete blood counts, or elevated serum acid phosphatase levels. Six other
      patients with previously documented malignant lymphoma at other sites had
      prostatic involvement 2 to 60 months (mean, 14 months) after the primary
      diagnosis. Histologically, these secondary prostatic lymphomas included diffuse
      small cleaved cell (two patients), diffuse mixed small and large cell (one
      patient), diffuse large non-cleaved cell (two patients), and large cell
      immunoblastic, polymorphous type (T-cell by immunotyping) (one patient). The mean
      survival was 14 months for all patients (range, 2-44 months), with no apparent
      difference between primary and secondary involvement. One patient remains alive
      44 months after secondary prostatic involvement with diffuse large non-cleaved
      cell lymphoma. Although malignant lymphomas involving the prostate are rare, they
      should be included in the differential diagnosis of lower urinary tract
      obstruction, particularly in patients with a previous history of lymphoma.

PMID- 3840407
TI  - Osteonecrosis of sternum and rib in a patient treated for Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A 39-year-old man is described in whom osteonecrosis of the manubrium sterni
      developed 23 months and of a rib 25 months after treatment for Hodgkin's disease
      Stage IIIB with polychemotherapy and subdiaphragmatic radiotherapy. The
      radiologic and histologic characteristics of this very rare localization of
      steroid-associated osteonecrosis are discussed.

PMID- 3840408
TI  - Multiple recurrences of acute tumor lysis syndrome in an indolent non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma.
AB  - Acute tumor lysis syndrome (ATLS) is an entity consisting of combinations of
      hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia
      and occurring generally in aggressive, rapidly proliferating lymphoproliferative
      disorders with high tumor burdens. A patient is described with a diffuse
      intermediately differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, considered by most an
      indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, in whom developed multiple recurrences of
      ATLS after treatment when tumor regrowth occurred between cycles of therapy. The
      mitotic rate of this lymphoma was relatively high (30-80 mitoses/ten high-power
      fields). Lymph proliferative disorders with a high mitotic rate, and large tumor
      burden, regardless of histologic features, should be treated prophylactically
      against tumor lysis if regrowth between cycles occurs.

PMID- 3840409
TI  - A serially transplantable human giant cell glioblastoma that maintains a near
      haploid stem line.
AB  - We have karyotyped a human giant cell glioblastoma removed from an 11-year-old
      girl and have established from it a subcutaneously transplantable line in athymic
      nude mice. The original tumor contained near-haploid cells with 25 or 26
      chromosomes, including two copies of #1, (7 or 7p+) and #18. There were also
      hyperdiploid (49-52) cells that were tetraploid for these same three chromosome
      types; doubled versions of the hyperdiploid population were also seen. The
      stemline of the mouse-grown tumor was 26,X, +1, +7p+, +18 in the first passage
      and has remained consistently near-haploid through ten serial in vivo passages.
      Growth stabilization has occurred with an average latency of less than 3 months.
      This transplantable line is available for evaluating chemotherapeutic
      responsiveness of human giant cell glioblastoma and for studying near-haploidy in
      solid human tumors.

PMID- 3840410
TI  - The deleted long arm of chromosome 6: a secondary chromosome abnormality in solid
      tumors and lack of congenital aberrations monosomic for part of the critical
      segment?

PMID- 3840411
TI  - Therapeutic effect reflected by plasma levels of a viral protein during
      combination chemotherapeutic treatment of mammary tumor-bearing mice.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of gp52, a Mr 52,000 glycoprotein of the mouse mammary
      tumor virus, have been measured during cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (adriamycin)
      and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) treatment of mammary tumor-bearing CD8F1 mice. The value
      of plasma concentrations of gp52 as an indicator of CAF-mediated changes in tumor
      status was supported by each of the following findings: (a) CAF treatment did not
      interfere with the detection of elevated viral antigen levels in the plasma of
      tumor-bearing mice; (b) at 9-11 days after initiation of treatment, a
      significantly lower mean gp52 level, observed in the group of CAF-treated mice,
      provided definitive evidence of therapeutic effect; and (c) serial determinations
      of plasma gp52 levels in individual mice before, during, and after treatment
      provided a relative measure of therapeutic effect for each individual that was a
      reflection of corresponding changes in tumor size. Changes in viral antigen
      levels (i.e., decrease or increase) reflected inhibited tumor growth, as well as
      tumor regression. These findings demonstrate that plasma concentrations of gp52
      can be utilized to provide an alternative measure of therapeutic effect in CAF
      treated mice bearing significant tumor loads.

PMID- 3840412
TI  - Inhibition of tumor promotion in mouse skin by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
AB  - 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25(OH)2D3], a hormonally active form of
      vitamin D3, was found to inhibit the promotional phase of 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced skin carcinogenesis in female Sencar mice.
      Topical application of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 once a week at a dose of 1 micrograms
      or less, a tolerable dose from hypercalcemia, dose dependently inhibited tumor
      promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). When 1 micrograms of 1
      alpha,25(OH)2D3 was applied 30 min before 5 micrograms of TPA, the times required
      for 50 and 100% tumor incidence were delayed about 2.5 and 7 weeks, respectively,
      and the number of tumors per mouse was decreased by 25-30%. This inhibitory
      effect was more pronounced when examined by a two-stage promotion protocol, in
      which a single application of 5 micrograms of TPA (Stage I) was followed by
      repeated applications of 5 micrograms of mezerein once a week for 19 weeks (Stage
      II). When 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 at 1 micrograms was applied at Stage I + II or Stage
      II, tumor formation was markedly suppressed, resulting in decrease of about 70
      80% in the incidence and 87-90% in the number of tumors per mouse. Application of
      1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 at Stage I only did not inhibit tumor formation, indicating
      that 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 specifically inhibited Stage II promotion. These results
      are in good agreement with the previous and present findings that 1
      alpha,25(OH)2D3 inhibited induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase by TPA
      and mezerein. The possibility that 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 suppressed tumor promotion
      by killing initiated cells rather than inhibiting promotion was ruled out by an
      experiment in which TPA was applied to the 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 alone-treated
      animals.

PMID- 3840413
TI  - Differential polarized phase fluorometric studies of the perturbation of
      phospholipid packing by BHT.
AB  - Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) partitions effectively into lipids and modifies
      cellular function and behavior in numerous ways, particularly at low
      temperatures. In this study, the modification by BHT of the lifetime and dynamic
      rotational characteristics of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) in
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes was investigated by phase
      fluorometry. BHT broadens the gel to liquid crystalline transition of DPPC by
      decreasing the lower end of the transition (T1), leaving the upper end (Th)
      unaffected. The lifetime of DPH in DPPC does not vary linearly with temperature
      but declines sharply above the main transition. The average lifetime of DPH is
      decreased to a greater extent below, compared to above, Th by BHT. This may be
      due to increased water penetration into the bilayer interior. Non-monoexponential
      decay also occurs below Th, probably due to a heterogeneous distribution of BHT,
      which would result in highly perturbed regions of greater than average BHT
      content. The motional parameter of DPH most affected by BHT is the order
      parameter (S) which decreased to a considerable extent below Th but is not
      affected above Th. In contrast, the rotational diffusion coefficient (R) of DPH
      is increased slightly above Th by BHT.

PMID- 3840414
TI  - Effects of repeated endotoxin injections on prostanoids, hemodynamics,
      endothelial cells, and survival in ponies.
AB  - The objectives of this study were to determine the pathophysiological effects of
      increasing amounts of endotoxin administered intraperitoneally (IP) for 24 hr at
      which time an intravenous (IV) injection of endotoxin was given. The ability of
      flunixin meglumine (FM), a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug with
      antiprostaglandin activity, to provide protective effects was also determined.
      Eight ponies were divided into two groups of four ponies each; one group
      (untreated) received endotoxin only and the other group (treated) received
      endotoxin while being treated with flunixin. Hemodynamic and serum prostanoid
      changes were recorded for 26 hr during which time five IP and one IV endotoxin
      injections were given. Both groups behaved similarly until the intravenous
      endotoxin injection at 24 hr. At that time, the protective effects of flunixin
      became apparent by preventing increases in thromboxane and prostacyclin
      concentrations and by maintaining cardiac output, systemic arterial blood
      pressure, and blood flow to critical organs. Electron microscopic examination of
      pulmonary arteries of untreated animals revealed extensive endothelial cell
      damage while treatment with FM reduced this damage. A parallel study involving
      survival time in two groups of eight ponies each was also conducted using the
      same endotoxin and treatment protocol. At the end of 7 days, two of eight
      untreated ponies survived while six of eight treated ponies survived. It was
      concluded that FM prevented the release of prostanoids, maintained hemodynamics
      and blood flow nearer pre-endotoxin values, reduced vascular endothelial cell
      damage, and improved survival.

PMID- 3840415
TI  - Plasma levels of 6-keto PGF1 alpha but not TxB2 increase in rats with peritonitis
      due to cecal ligation.
AB  - Acute, overwhelming sepsis or endotoxemia in experimental animals is associated
      with increased circulating levels of thromboxane (Tx)B2 (stable metabolite of
      TxA2) and 6-keto PGF1 alpha (stable metabolite of prostacyclin). The purpose of
      the present investigation was to determine the plasma prostanoid response to
      sepsis using an animal paradigm in which the septic process evolved more slowly
      than in previous similar studies. Bacterial peritonitis was induced in rats by
      cecal ligation (group B) or cecal ligation plus puncture with a 22-gauge needle
      (group C). Compared to sham-operated controls (group A), levels of immunoreactive
      6-keto PGF1 alpha were significantly (p less than .05) elevated in group C rats
      at 6, 12, and 24 hr after surgery. At 48 hr after surgery, levels of this
      prostanoid were significantly (p less than .05) elevated in group B animals. In
      contrast, TxB2 levels were never significantly increased in septic (groups B and
      C) as compared to control (group A) rats. These data are consistent with results
      from several clinical studies and emphasize an important difference between the
      cecal ligation model and other experimental sepsis paradigms.

PMID- 3840416
TI  - Ibuprofen, methylprednisolone, and gentamicin as conjoint therapy in septic
      shock.
AB  - Septic shock is associated with increased metabolism of arachidonic acid to
      thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and prostacyclin (PGI2). The effects of ibuprofen,
      methylprednisolone-sodium succinate, and gentamicin alone, or in combination on
      survival time and, TxA2 and PGI2 production in rats in a LD100 fecal peritonitis
      shock model were assessed. Plasma levels of TxA2 and PGI2 were measured by
      radioimmunoassay of their stable metabolites immunoreactive (i) TxB2 and i6-keto
      PGF1 alpha, respectively. Drugs were given 30 min before induction of fecal
      peritonitis. Survival times in hours were as follows: fecal peritonitis = 10.5 +/
      0.4 (n = 50); ibuprofen (15 mg/kg) = 16.1 +/- 0.8 (n = 8); methylprednisolone
      sodium succinate (40 mg/kg) = 17.1 +/- 0.7 (n = 22); methylprednisolone-sodium
      succinate (80 mg/kg) = 46.1 +/- 10.4 (n = 25) with 8% long-term survivors
      (survival greater than 7 days); gentamicin (4 mg/kg) = 23.8 +/- 4.4 (n = 16);
      methylprednisolone-sodium succinate (40 mg/kg) + ibuprofen = 20.3 +/- 1.8 (n =
      6); gentamicin + methylprednisolone-sodium succinate = 31.0 +/- 1.6 (n = 11);
      gentamicin + ibuprofen = 28.5 + 2.3 (n = 12); gentamicin + methylprednisolone
      sodium succinate (40 mg/kg) + ibuprofen = 46.9 +/- 5.4 (n = 8). Treatment with
      the combination of gentamicin + ibuprofen + methylprednisolone-sodium succinate
      (80 mg/kg) resulted in a mean survival time of 116 +/- 13.9 h with 26% long-term
      survivors. Methylprednisolone-sodium succinate (40 mg/kg) reduced (P less than
      0.05) plasma iTxB2 from 995 +/- 78 (n = 16) to 714 +/- 48 (n = 18) pg/ml and i6
      keto-PGF1 alpha from 4,090 +/- 334 (n = 12) to 2,009 +/- 119 (n = 17) pg/ml, 4 h
      post-FP. Methylprednisolone-sodium succinate (80 mg/kg) produced no further
      decrease in either iTxB2 or i6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Ibuprofen reduced the fecal
      peritonitis-induced iTxB2 and i6-keto-PGF1 alpha synthesis to nondetectable
      levels (less than 200 pg/ml). The latter results demonstrate that
      methylprednisolone-sodium succinate is less effective than ibuprofen in
      inhibiting arachidonic acid metabolism and suggest other salutary actions. These
      composite observations provide evidence that conjoint therapy with steroidal and
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and antibiotics in septic shock may be
      beneficial.

PMID- 3840417
TI  - Role of subcutaneous tissue endotoxin in the production of prostanoid-induced
      lung injury: comparison with intravenous endotoxin response.
AB  - Local injection of endotoxin into soft tissues of the flank results in hypoxia
      and pulmonary hypertension. Our purpose was to determine whether this was caused
      by tissue prostanoid production or production by the lung as is seen with
      endotoxemia. Twenty-six sheep were prepared with lung and flank tissue lymph
      fistulae. Thirteen sheep were given 2 micrograms/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin
      into the flank soft tissue, six of which were pretreated with ibuprofen, 12.5
      mg/kg. Thirteen sheep were given intravenous endotoxin, 2 micrograms/kg, with six
      pretreated with ibuprofen. An early hypertensive phase was noted with both
      insults characterized by pulmonary hypertension, hypoxia, and increased lung
      lymph flow (QL). With subcutaneous tissue endotoxin, there was a significant
      increase in tissue lymph TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha when compared to lung lymph
      and increased values in venous plasma compared to arterial plasma, indicating
      tissue to be the source. With intravenous endotoxin, lung lymph and aortic plasma
      levels were significantly higher than tissue lymph and venous plasma,
      respectively. The hypoxia, hypertension and increased prostanoids were prevented
      using ibuprofen. An increased lung permeability phase was noted with intravenous
      endotoxin but not with tissue endotoxin. As expected, this phase was not
      inhibited with ibuprofen and, therefore, not prostanoid-induced.

PMID- 3840418
TI  - Comparison of a cytosol radioreceptor assay with a radioimmunoassay for 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D in serum or plasma.
AB  - Human plasma and serum levels for 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were determined
      by a cytosol radioreceptor assay (RRA) and a radioimmunoassay (RIA). For both
      assays, 1.5 ml of human serum or plasma is used. Prior to RRA or RIA, extraction
      with benzene is performed followed by 'high-performance' liquid chromatography
      (HPLC) on a silica column (25 X 0.46 cm) with hexane/isopropanol (9/1 by vol), to
      isolate 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D from the other vitamin D metabolites. The
      cytosol receptor was isolated from the intestine of healthy chickens. The
      antisera were raised in rabbits to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-3-hemisuccinate
      coupled to bovine serum albumin. The standard curves for RRA and RIA are prepared
      with 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy[3H]vitamin D3 of high
      spec act (158 kCi/mol) is used as tracer. The reactants are incubated for 16 h at
      4 degrees C. Then, bound and free ligand are separated after the addition of
      dextran-coated charcoal. Both assays have a sensitivity of 2 pg/tube. The cytosol
      receptor and the antibodies have about the same absolute affinity for 1 alpha,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 but the cytosol receptor has a higher relative affinity for 1
      alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (compared with other vitamin D metabolites).
      Reproducibility and precision are better for the RIA. The between- and within
      assay CVs are 16.0% (mean = 58.7 ng/l, n = 16) and 11.2% (mean = 52.1 ng/l, n =
      15), respectively, for RRA and 12.6% (mean = 61.8 ng/l, n = 27) and 7.4% (mean =
      61.8 ng/l, n = 15), respectively using RIA. Reference values obtained by both
      assays on healthy males and healthy premenopausal females are the same for both
      sexes; 53.9 +/- 31.0 ng/l (n = 46) using RRA and 51.8 +/- 30.2 ng/l (n = 91) for
      RIA (mean +/- 2 SD).

PMID- 3840419
TI  - Cochlear implants today.

PMID- 3840420
TI  - Prepregnancy counseling and contraception in the insulin-dependent diabetic
      patient.

PMID- 3840421
TI  - Intrauterine intracranial hemorrhage in an infant with isoimmune
      thrombocytopenia.
AB  - An infant with isoimmune thrombocytopenia and presumed intrauterine intracranial
      hemorrhage is presented. This infant developed focal seizures on day 6 of life
      which were controlled with phenobarbital. Presently, the infant is growing and
      developing normally. Previous cases have been described and are summarized in
      this paper. There is no known method for predicting or preventing this particular
      complication.

PMID- 3840422
TI  - Effects of acute and chronic treatment with glucocorticoids on the intestinal
      absorption of calcium and phosphate and on plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels
      in pigs.
AB  - We have used young pigs, each prepared surgically with a Thiry-Vella loop of
      proximal small intestine, to study the time course of changes in the intestinal
      absorption of calcium, phosphate, sodium, glucose and water and on the plasma
      levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D after treatment of the animals with
      glucocorticoids. Perfusion of the intestinal loop for 6 h with a solution
      containing hydrocortisone or beta-methasone was without effect on the absorption
      of calcium or phosphate. The oral administration of betamethasone stimulated the
      absorption of calcium and phosphate by 15-20% for 2-3 days before the trend was
      reversed and absorption was progressively reduced. Chronic treatment with
      betamethasone inhibited only the active component of calcium and phosphate
      absorption. Treatment with betamethasone was associated with a sustained 25-50%
      increase, to a maximum by 2 days, in the absorption of sodium, glucose and water.
      Plasma levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were reduced within 2 days of the start
      of treatment and reached a minimum (40-50% decrease) in 4-6 days. We conclude
      that the initial stimulation of calcium and phosphate absorption is caused by the
      increased absorption of water. The long-term decrease in absorption may not be
      caused solely by the decreased circulating levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
      since absorption continued to fall for several weeks after 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin
      D levels had reached a minimum.

PMID- 3840423
TI  - Effects of an azasteroid on growth, development and reproduction of the free
      living nematodes Caenorhabditis briggsae and Panagrellus redivivus.
AB  - The azasteroid, 25-azacoprostane (ASA-6), was evaluated for its effects on the
      growth, development and reproduction of the free-living nematodes, Caenorhabditis
      briggsae and Panagrellus redivivus. The axenic culture medium for either species
      of nematode consisted of Caenorhabditis briggsae Maintenance Medium (CbMM):
      formalin-killed Escherichia coli (1:1) with or without the addition of 5
      micrograms cholesterol per ml and/or 25 micrograms ASA-6 per ml medium. All
      cultures also contained 50 micrograms Tween 80 per ml medium. After two
      generations of growth in sterol-deficient media, both species displayed a
      decrease in mean length, a decrease in the percent development to the adult stage
      and an inhibition of reproductive capability. These effects were more apparent in
      the sterol-deficient medium containing ASA-6. In the presence of cholesterol and
      ASA-6, growth and reproduction of C. briggsae, but not of P. redivivus, was
      inhibited after five generations. Morphologic abnormalities of azasteroid
      inhibited worms were similar to those shown by worms cultured in sterol-deficient
      medium. These results suggest that different species of nematodes may exhibit
      different responses to azasteroid and that sterol utilization and metabolism may
      vary between nematode species. In addition, the similarities between the known
      effects of azasteroid inhibition in insects and those presented in this study on
      nematodes suggest a similar mechanism of action by the inhibitor in both groups
      of organisms.

PMID- 3840424
TI  - Exclusion of plasma lipoproteins of intestinal origin from avian egg yolk because
      of their size.
AB  - Increasing the fat content of the diet increases the proportion of large
      triglyceride-rich (TGR) lipoproteins (portomicrons) in laying-hen plasma, but has
      no effect on the size distribution of yolk TGR-lipoproteins. Electromicrographs
      of the ovarian follicle walls of hens fed a high-fat diet show the presence of
      numerous portomicron-like particles in the lumen of the thecal capillaries, in
      the pericapillary spaces and in the theca interna, but portomicrons were absent
      from the basal lamina, between the granulosa cells and in newly deposited yolk.
      Most of the lipoprotein lipase activity in the ovarian follicles is associated
      with the granulosa cells, but total activity in the follicle is very small
      compared to heart or adipose tissue. The results indicate that the ovarian
      follicle of the laying-hen specifically excludes lipoproteins of intestinal
      origin from yolk, most probably because they are too large to pass through the
      connective tissue matrix of the basal lamina. The low lipoprotein lipase activity
      of the ovarian follicle, together with its distribution within the follicle wall,
      indicates that the ovarian follicles make little contribution to catabolism of
      circulating portomicrons.

PMID- 3840425
TI  - Calcium-dependent muscle contraction in obliquely striated Ascaris suum muscle.
AB  - The regulatory proteins of Ascaris suum striated skeletal muscle were partially
      purified and characterized. A tropomyosin isoform (Mr 41K) and three troponin
      subunits identified as troponin T (Mr 37.5K), troponin I (Mr 25.5K) and troponin
      C (Mr 18.5K) were purified. Three myosin light chains (Mr 25K, 19K, and 17K) were
      isolated from washed Ascaris actomyosin; the 19K subunit was phosphorylated in
      vitro. A calcium/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase activity was
      identified in the muscle. In contrast to previously reported data suggesting that
      Ascaris obliquely striated muscle contraction is regulated by a myosin-mediated
      mechanism, these data indicate that all of the proteins required for actin
      mediated, calcium-dependent muscle contraction are present in this tissue.

PMID- 3840426
TI  - An interactive software for 81mKr pulmonary ventilation gating.
AB  - An interactive software to gate scintigraphic list-mode data collected from
      ventilation studies using a radioisotope of an inert gas (81mKr) has been
      developed. It allows the detection of end expiration and end inspiration phases
      in a time activity curve. It involves six phases: filtering of the curve;
      preselection of local extrema; validation of the preselection; choice of the
      parameters for the reconstruction; control of the selected cycles and display of
      parameters such as frequency, expiration time, breath amplitude; reconstruction
      of images representing the distribution of ventilation during a mean respiratory
      cycle. This software was tested on 116 data sets without a failure. The
      interactive definition and control of the selected times made the algorithm
      useful regardless of the count rate and the frequency. It could be adapted to
      gate other periodic or semiperiodic physiological phenomena.

PMID- 3840427
TI  - A digital sound editor.
AB  - A series of digital computer programs which facilitate the production and control
      of acoustic stimuli for hearing assessment and research are described. The
      package, which is available for PDP 11 computers under RT-11, allows sounds to be
      digitized, adjusted for amplitude and/or dc offset, edited while in digital form,
      and output to file or tape. The waveform editor package includes facilities to
      edit sounds in time--with some sections removed or added with temporal precision
      of 0.1 msec or better. Two or more sounds may also be combined for stereo or
      monaural (sound-on-sound) output, or two may be concatenated. Together, the
      programs permit a wide range of manipulations useful in preparing sound stimuli
      for use in hearing experiments or in clinical audiometry.

PMID- 3840428
TI  - Sites of contact dermatitis in relationship to particular allergens.
AB  - A study of 1016 patients over a period of 2 years has been performed by using the
      DALUK computer system in order to find correlations between eczema sites and
      particular allergens. The study includes a control material of patients with
      other contact allergies or with negative patch tests. The investigation confirms
      some well-known correlations, e.g., between lanolin allergy and dermatitis of the
      lower leg, and between nickel allergy and dermatitis of the palm. Several new
      correlations are also described, e.g., chromium allergy and dermatitis of the
      back of the trunk, allergy to balsam of Peru and dermatitis of the forehead and
      cheek.

PMID- 3840429
TI  - Loss of fiberoptic laser tip.

PMID- 3840430
TI  - Antiandrogen and antineoplastic effects of a novel drug, CPC10997.
AB  - CPC10997 was found to be effective in vitro as an antiandrogen without effects on
      either the estrogen or the progesterone receptors in carcinomas of the breast,
      ovary and prostate as well as in malignant melanomas. Using the clonogenic assay
      of Salmon et al. [Cancer Treat. Rep. 65: 1-12, 1981], CPC10997 was found to be
      more effective against carcinomas of the breast, the kidney, the ovary and the
      prostate than conventional antineoplastic agents in the majority of tumors
      tested. In view of the very favorable toxicology profiles and in vitro efficacy,
      further trials using CPC10997 as an antineoplastic agent are indicated.

PMID- 3840431
TI  - [The application of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the
      determination of Staphylococcus enterotoxins C1, C2].

PMID- 3840432
TI  - [Acute arthroscopy in clinically stable knees with hemarthrosis].
AB  - From 2006 arthroscopies of the knee, carried out between 1978 and 1983, 196 cases
      (9.8%) presented with traumatic haemarthroses and clinically stable capsular
      ligaments. A comparison was made between the standard clinical examination
      including routine X-ray and arthroscopy carried out under anaesthesia.
      Arthroscopy, as a diagnostic procedure, was found to be clearly superior with the
      same minimal complication rate. The standard clinical examination was inferior
      and inadequate particularly in cases with isolated torn anterior cruciate
      ligaments, in chondral injuries, and luxation of the patella. Thus, in a recent
      trauma with haemarthrosis and a clinically stable ligament apparatus, acute
      arthroscopy is the investigational method of choice, preferably carried out under
      anaesthesia.

PMID- 3840434
TI  - Sequence analysis of a cloned cDNA coding for bovine seminal ribonuclease.
AB  - The sequence of a cloned cDNA coding for bovine seminal ribonuclease, an enzyme
      secreted in the bull seminal vesicles, was determined. The cDNA starts at the
      amino acid residue 47 and terminates 12 nucleotides beyond the consensus sequence
      AAUAAA in the 3' non-coding region of the mRNA. Northern blotting analysis shows
      that the mRNA for bovine seminal ribonuclease consists of about 950 nucleotides,
      a value that is similar to that of other mRNAs coding for ribonucleases of the
      pancreatic type.

PMID- 3840433
TI  - Comparative sequence analysis of rat, rabbit, and human muscle glycogen
      phosphorylase cDNAs.
AB  - As an initial step in the investigation of the structure, evolution and
      developmental regulation of the glycogen phosphorylase gene family, we have
      isolated partial cDNAs to rat, rabbit and human muscle phosphorylase mRNAs.
      Sequence comparisons of these cDNAs in regions that encode portions of the enzyme
      located near and encompassing the C terminus show that there is a high degree of
      interspecies conservation of structure in this region. Conservation of amino acid
      and nucleotide sequence is high, approximately 96% and 90% homology,
      respectively, among all three species. In addition, most of the amino acid
      changes that have occurred conserve the chemical nature of the amino acid side
      chains affected. The changes can be easily accommodated in the rabbit muscle
      phosphorylase tertiary structure and appear to have little effect on the overall
      conformation. Interestingly the rat and human enzymes lack the carboxyl-terminal
      proline (residue 841) present in the rabbit enzyme and terminate at isoleucine
      (residue 840). The genetic basis for this difference in carboxyl termini is
      unknown. However, unlike the other amino acid changes, it cannot be accounted for
      by a single base-pair substitution. A comparison of the 3' untranslated regions
      in these cDNAs shows that there has been little constraint on the evolutionary
      divergence of most of this region (70% homology among the three species). There
      are, however, two repeated segments of DNA flanking the stop codons that are
      identical among all three species. Similar sequences are found within regions of
      DNA that contain a variety of transcriptional enhancers, suggesting the
      possibility that the repeats may be functional.

PMID- 3840435
TI  - Attachment of the 5'-terminal portion of globin mRNAs to 5S-RNA X L5-protein in
      the 80S initiation complex.
AB  - An 80S initiation complex was formed by incubating a heterologous cell-free
      system with 125I-labeled globin mRNAs in the presence of sparsomycin. The 80S
      initiation complex was then digested with micrococcal nuclease. The ribosomal 5S
      RNA X L5-protein (5S RNP) fraction, released by EDTA treatment, contained 125I
      labeled mRNA fragments. The attachment of labeled mRNA fragments to 5S RNP was
      shown by (a) CsCl isopycnic centrifugation, (b) recentrifugation through a
      sucrose density gradient and (c) acrylamide gel electrophoresis of 5S RNP
      purified by (b). Labeled fragments were released from 5S RNP by treatment with
      sodium dodecyl sulfate or pronase, indicating the participation of protein L5 in
      the attachment. The attached mRNA fragments were 23-25 nucleotides in length.
      Hybridization experiments, using restriction fragments of cDNA for rabbit beta
      globin mRNA, showed that the attached mRNA fragments were derived from the 5'
      portion of globin mRNAs. The attachment of 125I-labeled mRNA fragments to 5S RNP
      was also observed in the 80S initiation complex formed by incubation of
      reticulocyte lysate with 125I-labeled globin mRNA, but not in labeled polysomal
      fractions. These findings may indicate that 5S RNP interacted with the 5' portion
      of globin mRNA, containing the translation initiation codon of globin mRNA in the
      80S initiation complex. The biochemical significance of these results is
      discussed.

PMID- 3840436
TI  - Mammalian fatty acid synthetase is a structurally and functionally symmetrical
      dimer.
AB  - We have explored a comprehensive experimental approach to determine whether the
      two condensing-enzyme active centers of the mammalian fatty acid synthetase are
      simultaneously functional. Our strategy involved utilization of trypsinized fatty
      acid synthetase, which is a nicked homodimer composed of two pairs of 125 + 95
      kDa polypeptides. These core polypeptides lack the chain-terminating thioesterase
      domains but retain all other functional domains of the native enzyme and can
      assemble long-chain acyl moieties at a rate equal to that of the native enzyme.
      The 4'-phosphopantetheine content of these enzyme preparations, estimated from
      the amount of beta-alanine present, from the amount of taurine formed by
      performic acid oxidation and from the amount of carboxymethylcysteamine formed by
      alkylation with iodo[2-14C]acetate, was typically 0.86 mol/mol 95-kDa
      polypeptide. The stoichiometry of long-chain acyl-enzyme synthesis, measured with
      radiolabeled precursors, indicated that 0.84 mol acyl-chains were assembled/mol
      95-kDa polypeptide. When the small amount of apoenzyme present is taken into
      account, this stoichiometry translates to 1.94 acyl chains per holoenzyme dimer.
      The 125-kDa polypeptide of one subunit could be cross-linked to the 95-kDa
      polypeptide of the other subunit by 1,3-dibromo-2-propanone yielding a single
      molecular species of 220 kDa. Cross-linking was accompanied by a loss of
      condensing-enzyme activity. This result is consistent with a structurally
      symmetrical model for the animal fatty acid synthetase [J.K. Stoops and S.J.
      Wakil (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 5128-5133] in which the juxtaposed 4'
      phosphopantetheine and cysteine thiols of opposing subunits that form the two
      potential catalytic centers for condensing activity are readily susceptible to
      cross-linking. Both half-maximal cross-linking and 50% inhibition of activity
      were observed with 1 mol 1,3-dibromo-2-propanone bound/mol enzyme. After assembly
      of long-chain acyl moieties on the 4'-phosphopantetheine residues, no vacant
      condensing-enzyme active sites were demonstrable either by cross-linking with 1,3
      dibromo-2-propanone or by formation of carboxymethylcysteamine on treatment with
      iodoacetate. These results are consistent with a structurally and functionally
      symmetrical model for the mammalian fatty acid synthetase in which the two
      condensation sites are simultaneously active.

PMID- 3840437
TI  - Mean time and first-pass metabolism.
AB  - The theoretical principles are outlined for estimating the fraction of a drug
      undergoing first-pass metabolism using only the plasma levels found after a
      single oral dose. Data for 3 drugs are used to illustrate the method. It involves
      analysis of the parent drug and the metabolite formed during the first passage
      through the gut wall and liver and evaluation of their total mean times. The mean
      time characteristics of molsidomine, nortriptyline and propranolol are considered
      and they confirm the theoretically deduced dependency of the mean time of the
      parent drug and the metabolite. Whether the results are more precise than those
      obtained from comparison of areas after oral and intravenous administration is
      discussed. From the data presented it is clear that the mean time method depends
      on the scatter inherent in the data. In order to estimate the true first-pass
      effect, greater scatter requires an increased number of data pairs, i.e.
      subjects. If intravenous data are not available, however, the method described
      provides a rough but worthwhile estimate of the first pass effect.

PMID- 3840438
TI  - Pharmacological distinction between two muscarinic responses on the isolated
      superior cervical ganglion of the rat.

PMID- 3840439
TI  - The Ca signal from fura-2 loaded mast cells depends strongly on the method of dye
      loading.
AB  - The Ca concentration ([Ca2+]i) in single rat peritoneal mast cells was measured
      by means of the new fluorescent Ca-indicator dye fura-2. Dye-loaded cells were
      made to degranulate with either antigen or compound 48/80. In cells loaded with
      extracellularly applied, membrane-permeant fura-2 ester, degranulation was
      accompanied by a permanent loss of 40-60% of the fluorescence, but comparison of
      fluorescence at different wavelengths indicated no or only small changes in
      [Ca2+]i. When cells were loaded by microinjection of the impermeant potassium
      salt of the dye, degranulation resulted in no permanent loss of fluorescence, but
      instead was preceded by transient fluorescence changes that indicate a rapid,
      large and transient increase in [Ca2+]i. We suggest that ester-loaded fura-2
      accumulates to a significant degree in the secretory granules and is lost from
      the cell during exocytosis.

PMID- 3840440
TI  - Treatment of cervical mucus with lectins: effect on sperm migration.
AB  - Treatment of midcycle human cervical mucus with the lectins Ulex europaeus
      agglutinin I (UE), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and peanut agglutinin (PA) did
      not alter the ability of spermatozoa to enter and migrate through the mucus.
      These lectins form glycoconjugates by binding to L-fucose (UE), N
      acetylglucosamine and sialic acid (WGA), and D-galactose and D-galactose-(1-3)-D
      N-acetylgalactosamine (PA), sugars that are present in the carbohydrate side
      chains of the mucus glycoproteins (mucins). Ricinus communis, with high affinity
      for D-galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine, did cause a significant decrease in
      sperm migration but only within the mucus (not at the sperm-mucus interface);
      this may have been because of an effect on sperm motility. These sugars are
      thought to be important for the secondary structure of the glycoproteins and for
      the cross linking between the mucins that produce the rheologic properties of
      cervical mucus. However, it appears that interference with the sugars by lectin
      binding does not significantly alter the ability of spermatozoa to migrate
      through cervical mucus.

PMID- 3840441
TI  - Accumulation of creatine kinase mRNA during myogenesis: molecular cloning of a B
      creatine kinase cDNA.
AB  - Cytosolic creatine kinase isoenzymes MM, MB, and BB are assembled from M or B
      subunits which occur in different relative amounts in specific tissues. The
      accumulation of mRNAs encoding the M and B subunits was measured during
      myogenesis in culture. The relative concentration of the two mRNAs was determined
      by hybridization with a M-CK cDNA probe isolated previously and a B-CK cDNA
      probe, the cloning and characterization of which is reported here. The B-CK cDNA
      hybridizes specifically to a 1.6-kb mRNA found in brain and gizzard but not in
      adult skeletal muscle tissue. The M-CK cDNA hybridizes to a smaller mRNA 1.4-kb
      long which is specific to skeletal muscle. In culture, the B-CK mRNA is
      transiently induced and then declines to a low but detectable level.

PMID- 3840442
TI  - An oviductal fluid glycoprotein associated with ovulated mouse ova and early
      embryos.
AB  - This study documents a molecular change in the murine ovum related to its
      exposure to oviductal fluid. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) identifies a 215-kDa
      glycoprotein band (GP215) that is associated with ovulated oocytes and early
      embryos obtained from the oviduct, but is absent from preovulatory oocytes. GP215
      is present in ovarian bursal fluid, oviductal fluid, oviductal epithelial cell
      extracts, and medium conditioned by oviductal tissue in vitro. Preovulatory
      oocytes acquire GP215 after in vitro incubation in ovarian bursal fluid. Thus, it
      appears likely that GP215 is secreted by the oviductal epithelium and becomes
      intimately associated with the ovum following ovulation.

PMID- 3840443
TI  - Peptide YY: metabolism and effect on pancreatic secretion in dogs.
AB  - Peptide YY is an ileocolonic peptide that inhibits meal-stimulated pancreatic
      secretion when infused in a dose of 400 pmol/kg X h. In this study pancreatic
      secretion was monitored in response to increasing doses of secretin or
      cholecystokinin-octapeptide (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 ng/kg X h) during the
      simultaneous infusion of either saline or peptide YY (400 pmol/kg X h). Peptide
      YY significantly (p less than 0.05) inhibited the secretory response to the three
      lowest doses of each pancreatic secretogogue, reducing the bicarbonate response
      to the 62.5-ng/kg X h dose of secretin by 86% +/- 6% and the protein response to
      the same dose of cholecystokinin by 57% +/- 16%. In the second limb of the study,
      the half-life of peptide YY (11.7 +/- 21 min) and the metabolic clearance rate
      (13.8 +/- 1.6 ml/kg X min) were found to be similar to those of other
      gastrointestinal hormones. We conclude that inhibition of meal-stimulated
      pancreatic secretion by peptide YY can be explained by its ability to decrease
      the responsiveness of the pancreas to endogenous secretogogues.

PMID- 3840444
TI  - [Recurrence of lymphosarcomas after intensive cyclic polychemotherapy and their
      treatment].

PMID- 3840445
TI  - Estimation of myriad haplotype frequencies.
AB  - The present paper demonstrates algorithms for applying gene counting estimation
      of haplotype frequencies in very large genetic systems. A factor union
      representation of phenotypes is used which conveniently yields the sets of
      potential haplotypes and diplotypes for each phenotype. Methods for storing and
      rapidly retrieving the relevant haplotypes are given. An example with several
      hundred frequencies is given which required a few seconds computing time for each
      estimation iteration on a small computer. A computer program employing the
      methods described has been written in Fortran-77 and is available to any
      investigator on request.

PMID- 3840446
TI  - Familial analysis of qualitative traits under multifactorial inheritance.
AB  - The analysis of family data is described for qualitative multifactorial traits.
      For such a trait, affectational status is determined by an underlying liability
      distribution with one or more thresholds. The distribution of families (either
      selected at random or through probands) is used to estimate sex-specific parent
      offspring and sibling correlations in liability and the prevalence in each sex.
      In contrast to using pairs of relatives, this approach permits estimation of age
      specific population prevalences without a control sample. Moreover, by allowing
      for sex-specific correlations and a correlation between mates, path analysis can
      be used to model and test various cultural transmission models in addition to
      polygenic inheritance. Parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, and a goodness
      of-fit test for path analytic models are described, and a computer program
      implementing these procedures is outlined.

PMID- 3840447
TI  - Translational interference at overlapping reading frames in prokaryotic messenger
      RNA.
AB  - In overlapping reading frames of prokaryotic mRNA, the ribosome-binding site
      (RBS) of the downstream cistron is part of the coding sequence of the upstream
      message. We have examined whether the rate of translation in Escherichia coli can
      be sufficiently high to preclude the use of an RBS in initiation of protein
      synthesis when it is part of an actively decoded reading frame. The two sets of
      gene overlap present in the RNA phage MS2 are used as a model system. We find
      that translation of an upstream cistron can fully block initiation of protein
      synthesis at the overlapping RBS of the downstream cistron. Nonsense mutations in
      the upstream gene restore the translation of the downstream gene.

PMID- 3840448
TI  - Utilization of a hand-held programmable calculator for the morphometric analysis
      of structures by planimetric and point-counting methods.

PMID- 3840449
TI  - [Experiences with the Aachen IOL computer program].

PMID- 3840450
TI  - [New indications for the Neodym-Yag laser in pediatric surgery. Results of a
      morphologic, experimental study].

PMID- 3840451
TI  - Effects of deflazacort and the L-6485 metabolite on epiphyseal cartilage
      carbohydrate metabolism: comparison with prednisone.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 1 mg/100 g bw/day of prednisone, 1.25
      mg/1--g bw/day of deflazacort, or its metabolite, for a period of 20 days.
      Epiphyseal cartilage slices were incubated in a modified Krebs Ringer bicarbonate
      buffer, at 37 degrees C for 60 min, with either 14C-1- or 14C-6-glucose to
      quantitate both the absolute and relative rates of pentose shunt versus aerobic
      and anaerobic glycolytic activity, respectively. Measurements of both total and
      radioactive glucose uptake, lactate production and 14CO2 generation were
      expressed as either mumoles or DPM/mg cellular DNA/hr, respectively. This study
      demonstrated: (1) chronic prednisone administration decreased anaerobic
      glycolysis (glucose uptake and lactate production) 3-fold (P less than 0.01); (2)
      prednisone on a chronic basis produced no measured alteration in either the
      pentose shunt or Kreb's cycle activity; (3) both deflazacort and the deflazacort
      metabolite significantly stimulated (P less than 0.02) anaerobic glycolytic
      activity in epiphyseal cartilage tissue. In contrast to prednisone, the
      administration of either deflazacort or its L-6485 metabolite did not inhibit the
      glycolytic pathway of metabolism so necessary for epiphyseal cartilage growth and
      mineralization.

PMID- 3840452
TI  - Synergistic effect of liposomes and endotoxins on the activation of rat
      macrophage tumoricidal activity.
AB  - Macrophage biological responses to endotoxins have been extensively studied;
      nevertheless, the mechanisms by which endotoxins activate macrophage tumoricidal
      activity are not currently understood. We used liposomes to investigate the
      interaction of endotoxins with macrophages. In a medium containing 10 micrograms
      endotoxin/ml, macrophage-mediated cytolysis ranged from -7 to 36%. In all the
      experiments, 1mM dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) small unilamellar
      liposomes significantly induced or enhanced cytolysis, ranging from 30-90%.
      Liposomes and endotoxins had a synergistic effect on the macrophage cytolytic
      activity. This effect was dose-dependent on liposome concentration, ranging from
      0.25-1 mM or 2 mM. Liposomes decreased the endotoxin concentration threshold
      necessary to induce cytolysis. They did not modify the kinetics of macrophage
      activation. Liposomes did not modify the binding of tumor cells to macrophages.
      The optimum synergistic effect was obtained when liposomes were present during
      the first 18 h of the mixed culture of macrophages and target cells, before
      adding endotoxins for the next 18 h. When cholesterol was added to DPPC (M/M),
      liposomes did not enhance but rather inhibited macrophage activation by
      endotoxins.

PMID- 3840453
TI  - Efficacy of amniotic phosphatidylglycerol in predicting foetal lung maturity.

PMID- 3840454
TI  - Distribution of live births & early neonatal mortality in relation to gestation &
      intrauterine growth.

PMID- 3840455
TI  - Variable distribution of aminopeptidase A in male reproductive organs of mammals.
AB  - Aminopeptidase A (AP-A) was analysed in the reproductive organs of the boar,
      bull, gerbil and man. High hydrolysis of alpha-L-glutamyl-beta-naphthylamide
      (GluNA) and alpha-L-aspartyl-beta-naphthylamide (AspNA) with activation by
      alkaline earth metals was detected in the ampulla, seminal vesicles, and seminal
      vesicle secretions of the bull and in the cauda epididymis of the boar and
      gerbil. In man, weak AP-A activity was found in all reproductive tissues.
      Histochemically, AP-A was localized in the epithelial cells of tissues having a
      high specific activity for the enzyme. AP-A was absent from human seminal fluid,
      whilst bovine seminal fluid had strong, and boar seminal fluid weaker, AP-A
      activity. Gel filtration of bull seminal vesicle secretions and seminal fluid,
      boar seminal fluid or an homogenate of boar and gerbil epididymal cauda and human
      epididymis and seminal vesicles on Sephacryl S-300 resulted in a major high
      molecular-weight activity peak A at Ve/Vo = 1.17 and another low-molecular-weight
      peak B at Ve/Vo = 1.51 (man), 1.62 (boar, bull) or 1.75 (gerbil). This
      fractionation was not in all cases able to separate AP-A from aminopeptidase(s),
      which were active on L-alanine-beta-naphthylamide (AlaNA) but showed no
      activation by alkaline earth metals. Homogenates of bovine epididymis showed only
      the low-molecular-weight GluNA peak B, but two areas of activity for AlaNA
      hydrolysis. In bovine seminal vesicles and porcine epididymis, AP-A activity
      appeared to be linked with the functional maturity of these organs. The high
      molecular-weight AP-A (peak A) appeared to be the predominant form in seminal
      fluid.

PMID- 3840456
TI  - Data entry by light pen.
AB  - Collection of data is often difficult in medical and nursing applications of
      computers. A system has been developed using an inexpensive light pen to enter
      most of the required information. This method of data entry has proved to be
      acceptable to medical and nursing staff in clinical situations. The software
      places light blocks adjacent to a list of items available for selection. When the
      pen is applied to a light block, the item is selected with visual and audible
      confirmation being given. Corrections may be made by re-applying the pen to the
      light block.

PMID- 3840457
TI  - Enhanced X-ray imaging of spheroids: an O(n) algorithm for characterizing convex
      blobs.
AB  - A simple O(n) algorithm to find the least squares circular fit of a tabulated
      function is presented. A demonstration of the algorithm's utility is provided by
      the analysis of a set of digitized band-filtered images of a radiograph of a
      common grapefruit. The application of this method of image understanding to the
      early radiographic detection and analysis of cancer (coin lesions) is proposed.

PMID- 3840458
TI  - Computerized drug therapy: application of the hand-held microcomputer to dosage
      regimen design.
AB  - For many drugs estimation of a safe and effective dosage regimen is difficult.
      Typically these drugs exhibit optimal therapeutic activity when drug
      concentrations in the blood are maintained within narrow limits and considerable
      intersubject variability exists in their rate of elimination from the body.
      Computer programs have been written to estimate the size and frequency of dose
      administration necessary to achieve therapeutic drug concentrations in the blood.
      The programs utilize pharmacokinetic equations and information on the individual
      patient's physiologic (e.g., age, weight, sex) and pathologic (e.g., existence of
      liver or renal disease) status. The drugs studied were gentamicin, theophylline,
      digoxin, phenytoin and warfarin. The programs were written using the hand-held
      TRS 80 Pocket Computer with an 8K memory module. These programs have been in use
      for 3 years and are currently involved in clinical consults approx. 100 times a
      month.

PMID- 3840459
TI  - Solution of the multiple dosing problem using linear programming.
AB  - A system theoretical approach to drug concentration-time data analysis is
      introduced after the discussion of some relevant concepts as they are used in
      system theory. The merits of this approach are demonstrated in multiple dosing
      problem. It is shown that dosage minimization without stringent constraints does
      not result in the desired therapeutic effect. In a different optimization the
      discrepancy between the actual and the desired time-histories of the relevant
      substance's plasma concentration is minimized. It is shown that both of these
      optimizations can be reduced to linear programming problems which are easily
      solvable with today's computers. These methods are demonstrated in a case study
      of dopaminergic substitution in Parkinson's disease where computer simulations
      show them to yield excellent results. Finally, the limits of this approach are
      also discussed.

PMID- 3840460
TI  - Nutrition support of inborn errors of amino acid metabolism.
AB  - Programs for nutrition support of patients with phenylketonuria, maternal
      phenylketonuria, branched chain ketoaciduria and vitamin B-6 non-responsive
      homocystinuria were written in BASIC. These programs plan diets to fill diet
      prescriptions using natural foods, available amino acid-free or restricted
      elemental products, milk or infant proprietary formulae and protein-free fat and
      carbohydrate sources. Emphasis is placed on satisfying the amino acid and protein
      prescriptions simultaneously. The final semisynthetic formula is evaluated for
      vitamins, minerals, renal solute load and renal net acid excretion. Fluid
      requirement is estimated. The paper describes how the conventional protocols are
      enhanced by computerization and details the requisite calculations.

PMID- 3840461
TI  - On-line data acquisition and control in a physiology laboratory.
AB  - A series of programs are described for use in estimating the pulmonary function
      of laboratory animals. Data acquisition and control are through a Hewlett-Packard
      (HP) 1000-F minicomputer. The system allows the estimation of respiratory
      parameters similar to those obtained in laboratories estimating pulmonary
      function in humans.

PMID- 3840462
TI  - An 'adjustable' calculator program to determine fraction of species versus pH
      profiles for mono-, di- or triprotic weak acids or bases.
AB  - A calculator program for TI-58/59 is presented which determines the fraction of
      dissociated and undissociated species of weak acids and bases, provided values
      for dissociation constants and pH are known. The answers are displayed in
      exponential notation. The calculations can be repeated at as many pH-values as
      required to obtain a satisfactory fraction of species versus pH profile. The
      program is made 'adjustable' by deleting selected program steps to accommodate
      calculations for mono-, di- or triprotic weak acids or bases.

PMID- 3840463
TI  - Health implications of obesity: an NIH Consensus Development Conference.
AB  - A Consensus Development Conference on the Health Implications of Obesity was held
      in February 1985 at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
      After presentations by 19 experts in relevant subject areas, a panel of 15
      impartial senior level professionals presented their consensus of findings and
      recommendations. This paper summarizes the results of the conference and provides
      reference tables of body mass index (BMI) values and weight goals, along with
      nomograms of the BMI determined from height and weight scales, to show
      comparisons with weight goals. The goals are taken from two widely available
      tables of mortality data by weight. These reference aids are included to
      illustrate the potential clinical value of wider use of the BMI, as recommended
      in the conference.

PMID- 3840464
TI  - Postnatal development and inducibility of renal tubular transport processes in
      rats.
AB  - The reason for the immaturity and for the time course of postnatal development of
      renal tubular transport of organic anions was studied, measuring age differences
      in renal tubular transport of p-aminohippurate (PAH) under various experimental
      conditions. In principle, PAH transport can be stimulated by repeated
      administration of weak organic anions, which were eliminated by the carrier
      system for weak organic anions. However, there is nearly no effect in neonatal
      rats. Pretreatment with thyroid hormones can enhance the low tubular transport
      capacity of young rats, too. Pretreatment with dexamethasone is preferentially
      effective in 5- to 15-day-old rats. The data indicate the involvement of hormonal
      regulation in postnatal development of renal tubular transport of PAH.

PMID- 3840465
TI  - Usefulness and limitations of the species concept for plant viruses.
AB  - Continuing concerns among virologists are what range of isolates is covered by
      one virus name and whether such names relate to categories broadly equivalent to
      biological species of higher organisms. In the potyviruses, tobamoviruses, and
      probably other groups of plant viruses with monopartite RNA genomes, exchange of
      genetic information among isolates is not known to occur; our ability to
      delineate separate viruses apparently depends on the extent to which biological
      fitness involves several correlated changes in the genomes of variant clones.
      Although some such correlated changes are found where viruses infect different
      plant families, intergrading forms occur in many instances where the host ranges
      of variants overlap. In plant viruses with multipartite RNA or DNA genomes, the
      extent of gene pools can be assessed from the ability of isolates to form pseudo
      recombinants by reassortment of their genome parts. In the nepoviruses, clusters
      of virus strains sharing a gene pool resemble, but seem more sharply delimited
      than, the clusters based on nucleotide sequence homology or serological
      specificity. In the tobraviruses gene pools do not coincide with serological
      groupings, and in the geminiviruses biologically very distinct entities have much
      genome homology and are closely related serologically. The biological species
      concept seems inappropriate or impractical for many plant viruses, and a more
      flexible and pragmatic approach to assigning virus isolates to nameable
      categories is advocated.

PMID- 3840466
TI  - Occurrence of retinopathy of prematurity in a very low birthweight population.

PMID- 3840467
TI  - Louisa Burns memorial lecture: measurement in medicine--the osteopathic
      perspective.

PMID- 3840468
TI  - Extra-label use of drugs.

PMID- 3840469
TI  - The nitrate reductase activity of milk xanthine oxidase.
AB  - Milk xanthine oxidase oxidizes xanthine at pH 9.6 and reduces nitrates at pH 5.2.
      It is shown that the nitrate reductase activity requires molybdenum and sulfur
      containing sites in the enzyme, whereas oxidation of xanthine also requires iron
      containing sites and FAD. As the pH changes from 5.2 to 9.6, the conformation of
      the enzyme molecule is modified as demonstrated by changes in the absorption,
      fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectra. When the enzyme is treated with
      dithioerythritol, it may pass from the oxidase to the dehydrogenase form with a
      marked increase in the nitrate reductase activity.

PMID- 3840470
TI  - Comparative study of the oligosaccharides of human thyroglobulins obtained from
      normal subjects and patients with various diseases.
AB  - Asparagine-linked oligosaccharides were released quantitatively by N
      oligosaccharide glycopeptidase (almond) digestion from human thyroglobulins
      prepared from thyroid glands of normal subjects and patients with several
      pathological conditions. The pyridylamino derivatives of the oligosaccharides
      were prepared and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The content
      of high-mannose-type oligosaccharides was comparable to that of the complex type
      in normal thyroglobulins. Man9GlcNAc2 was the predominant component in the high
      mannose-type region, while biantennary oligosaccharides with fucose were the
      major components in the complex-type region. High-mannose-type oligosaccharides
      were markedly decreased in thyroglobulins prepared from patients with various
      disorders, such as Basedow's disease, papillary carcinoma, and adenomatous
      goiter, whereas they were appreciably increased in thyroglobulin from diffuse
      goiter.

PMID- 3840471
TI  - Differential response of lung and liver of juvenile rats to choline deficiency.
AB  - The effect of choline deficiency on the lung lipids of actively growing male
      Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated using a washed soy protein diet deficient in
      choline and methionine (lipotrophic). The livers from deficient animals had a
      significantly increased total lipid content and decreased phosphatidylcholine
      (PC) content and PC-to-phosphatidylethanolamine ratio (P less than 0.01).
      Although lung free choline levels were decreased 40% compared with controls (P
      less than 0.05), the PC content of the whole lung homogenate was unchanged.
      However, disaturated phosphatidylcholine from animals receiving the lipotrophic
      diet was significantly increased in the lavage and proportionally decreased in
      the lavaged lung tissue compared with controls (P less than 0.01). This study
      indicates that, despite decreased lung choline levels as a result of ingesting a
      lipotrophic diet, and unlike the liver, lung PC content is maintained at normal
      values. Although the lung total PC levels are maintained, there is a change in
      the partition of this lipid pool between the tissue and the alveolar space.

PMID- 3840473
TI  - Data base management system applications for biocommunicators or how to use a
      computer to bring order out of chaos.

PMID- 3840472
TI  - Turnover of phospholipids isolated from fractions of lung lavage fluid.
AB  - To clarify the steps following surfactant secretion, we injected adult rabbits
      with radioactive palmitate, lavaged the airways, removed the cells, separated by
      ultracentrifugation lavage components into two fractions (B and C), and followed
      the labeling of phospholipids of these fractions. The results were compatible
      with the view that total and saturated phosphatidylcholine are transferred from B
      to C. Furthermore, the fluxes of total and saturated phosphatidylcholine through
      fraction C (0.45 and 0.30 mumol . h-1 . g lung-1, respectively) were compatible
      with the actual estimates of surfactant recycling. The labeling of
      phosphatidylglycerol ruled out a simple precursor-product relationship between B
      and C but was compatible with a nonideal first-order relationship. The labeling
      of phosphatidylinositol, cardiolipin, and phosphatidylethanolamine was
      incompatible with the existence of a direct precursor-product relationship
      between B and C. The labeling of total and saturated phosphatidylcholine suggests
      that fraction B may be made by active surfactant, whereas fraction C may contain
      surfactant modified for reuptake or for reuptake and catabolism.

PMID- 3840474
TI  - Methanosarcina mutant unable to produce methane or assimilate carbon from
      acetate.
AB  - Mutants of Methanosarcina barkeri 227 resistant to monofluoroacetate were
      isolated from monofluoroacetate-treated cultures. Mutant strain FAr9 was 100
      times more resistant to monofluoroacetate than the wild-type strain and was
      deficient in carbon uptake and CH4 and CO2 production from methyl-labeled
      acetate. Methanol was assimilated at increased levels. Strain FAr9 was unable to
      shift from using methanol to using acetate for growth and exhibited increased
      sensitivity to growth inhibition by NaCN in methanol-containing complex medium.
      Unlike parent strain 227, acetate addition to methanol-containing media did not
      prevent NaCN inhibition. The specific activities of enzymes of exogenous acetate
      assimilation, CO dehydrogenase, and enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle were
      similar for mutant and parent strain cell extracts. Mutation to monofluoroacetate
      resistance did not confer simultaneous resistance to 2-bromoethanesulfonate or
      pyruvate or alter propionate uptake. We conclude that strain FAr9 is either an
      acetate permeability mutant or is defective in an activation step required for
      the catabolism and anabolism of acetate.

PMID- 3840475
TI  - Structure of an antifreeze polypeptide and its precursor from the ocean pout,
      Macrozoarces americanus.
AB  - Serum antifreeze polypeptides (AFP) from Newfoundland ocean pout have been
      resolved by ion exchange chromatography and reverse phase high performance liquid
      chromatography into at least 12 components. The protein sequences of three of the
      AFP were determined using a combination of protein Edman degradation and cDNA
      sequencing. The AFP precursor protein encodes for a preprotein of 87 amino acids
      with no obvious prosequences. Two of the AFP (SP1-A and SP1-C) were separate gene
      products with minor amino acid sequence differences. The protein structure of SP1
      C precursor is MKSVILTGLLFVLLCVDHMTASQSVVAT
      QLIPINTALTPAMMEGKVTNPIGIPFAEMSQIVGKQVNTPVAKGQTLMPNMVKTYVAGK. The third AFP (SP1
      B) is a post-translation modification product of SP1-C. These experiments
      indicate that the ocean pout AFP are a multigene family with protein structure
      different from any other known polypeptide antifreezes.

PMID- 3840476
TI  - Sequence of the precursor to rat ornithine aminotransferase deduced from a cDNA
      clone.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of ornithine aminotransferase mRNA from rat liver,
      including the entire coding and 3' untranslated regions, was determined from two
      overlapping cDNA clones. The mRNA encodes a precursor polypeptide of 439 amino
      acid residues with a molecular weight of 48,332. The deduced amino acid
      composition of the proposed mature enzyme sequence (residues 35 through 439) was
      in good agreement with that reported for the purified protein. The amino-terminal
      segment of the precursor corresponding to residues 1 through 34 has an overall
      positive charge, containing 6 basic residues and only a single acidic residue,
      and is postulated to be the mitochondrial leader sequence. The first 22 amino
      acid residues of the proposed leader sequences share 54% homology with the leader
      peptide of rat ornithine transcarbamylase precursor and more limited homology to
      the leader peptides of other nuclear-encoded mitochondrial matrix proteins.
      Homology was also observed between residues 286 through 362 ornithine
      aminotransferase precursor and a region containing the pyridoxyl phosphate
      binding domain of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase.

PMID- 3840477
TI  - Rat liver glutathione S-transferases. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a Yb1 cDNA
      clone and prediction of the complete amino acid sequence of the Yb1 subunit.
AB  - We have constructed a nearly full length cDNA clone, pGTA/C44, complementary to
      the rat liver glutathione S-transferase Yb1 mRNA. The nucleotide sequence of
      pGTA/C44 has been determined, and the complete amino acid sequence of the Yb1
      subunit has been deduced. The cDNA clone contains an open reading frame of 654
      nucleotides encoding a polypeptide comprising 218 amino acids with Mr = 25,919.
      The NH2-terminal sequence deduced from DNA sequence analysis of pGTA/C44 is in
      agreement with the first 19 amino acids determined for purified glutathione S
      transferase A, a Yb1 homodimer, by Frey et al. (Frey, A. B., Friedberg, T.,
      Oesch, F., and Kreibich, G. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 11321-11325). The DNA
      sequence of pGTA/C44 shares significant sequence homology with a cDNA clone,
      pGT55, which is complementary to a mouse liver glutathione S-transferase
      (Pearson, W. R., Windle, J. J., Morrow, J. F., Benson, A. M., and Talalay, P.
      (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 2052-2062). We have also determined 37 nucleotides of
      the 5'-untranslated region and 348 nucleotides of the 3'-untranslated region of
      the Yb1 mRNA. The Yb1 mRNA and subunit do not share any sequence homology with
      the rat liver glutathione S-transferase Ya or Yc mRNAs or their corresponding
      subunits. These data provide the first direct evidence that the Yb1 subunit is
      derived from a gene or gene family which is distinct from the Ya-Yc gene family.

PMID- 3840478
TI  - Proteoglycans from bovine nasal and articular cartilages. Fractionation of the
      link proteins by wheat germ agglutinin affinity chromatography.
AB  - Two forms of link protein, 46 and 51 kDa, are present in proteoglycan aggregates
      from both bovine nasal and bovine articular cartilages. Studies reported here
      show that the link proteins bind to concanavalin A, Lens culinaris agglutinin,
      Ricinus communis agglutinin, soybean agglutinin, and wheat germ agglutinin
      lectins. When the link proteins are eluted from these lectins with appropriate
      competing sugars, the 46- and the 51-kDa link proteins elute together and no
      separation is achieved. However, when the link proteins bound to wheat germ
      agglutinin are eluted with a 0 to 4 M guanidine hydrochloride linear gradient, a
      good separation of the 46- and 51-kDa link proteins is achieved. Wheat germ
      agglutinin affinity chromatography has been used on a preparative scale to
      isolate the 51-kDa link protein from mature bovine articular cartilage to
      homogeneity, in amounts sufficient to examine its effect on proteoglycan
      aggregate size and stability in sedimentation velocity studies. Proteoglycan
      aggregates were reassembled from proteoglycan monomers and hyaluronate in the
      absence of link protein, in the presence of both 46- and 51-kDa link proteins,
      and in the presence of the individual 51-kDa link protein. The sizes of the
      aggregates were compared in terms of sedimentation coefficients (s(0)20). The
      stability of the aggregates was compared in terms of the per cent aggregate
      present at pH 7 and 5. At pH 7, the sedimentation coefficients (s(0)20) of link
      free aggregates, aggregates formed with both link proteins, and aggregates formed
      with 51-kDa link protein were 72, 93, and 112 S, respectively. Thus, the 51-kDa
      link protein has a pronounced effect on aggregate size. The link-free aggregate
      was grossly unstable, and only 36% aggregate was present at pH 5. The aggregate
      formed with both link proteins was effectively stabilized against dissociation
      and 79% aggregate was present at pH 5. The aggregate formed with 51-kDa link
      protein was not effectively stabilized against dissociation, and only 60%
      aggregate was present at pH 5. Thus, despite its pronounced effect on aggregate
      size, the 51-kDa link protein does not effectively stabilize the proteoglycan
      aggregate against dissociation. These results suggest that the 51-kDa link
      protein may selectively increase aggregate size, while the 46-kDa link protein
      may be required to effectively stabilize the proteoglycan aggregate against
      dissociation.

PMID- 3840479
TI  - Characterization of genomic and complementary DNA sequence of human C-reactive
      protein, and comparison with the complementary DNA sequence of serum amyloid P
      component.
AB  - Complementary and genomic DNA clones corresponding to the human C-reactive
      protein (CRP) mRNA and structural gene have been analyzed and compared.
      Nucleotide sequencing of the coding regions of both cDNA and genomic DNA revealed
      an additional 19 amino acid peptide not described in the published CRP amino acid
      sequence. The CRP gene contains a single 278 base pair intron within the codon
      specifying the third residue of mature CRP. The intron contains a repetitive
      sequence (GT)15G(GT)3 which is similar to structures capable of adopting the Z
      DNA form. A comparison of CRP coding and amino acid sequences with those of serum
      amyloid P component revealed striking overall homology which was not uniform: a
      region of limited conservation is bounded by two highly conserved regions.

PMID- 3840480
TI  - Novel multigene families encoding highly repetitive peptide sequences. Sequence
      analyses of rat and mouse proline-rich protein cDNAs.
AB  - Multigene families encode the proline-rich proteins that are so prominent in
      human saliva and are dramatically induced in mouse and rat salivary glands by
      isoproterenol treatment and by feeding tannins. A cDNA encoding an acidic proline
      rich protein of rat has been sequenced (Ziemer, M. A., Swain, W. F., Rutter, W.
      J., Clements, S., Ann, D. K., and Carlson D. M. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 10475
      10480). This study presents the nucleotide sequences of five additional proline
      rich protein cDNAs complementary to both mouse and rat parotid and submandibular
      gland mRNAs. Amino acid compositions deduced from the nucleotide sequences are
      typical for proline-rich proteins: 25-45% proline, 18-22% glycine, and 18-22%
      glutamine and generally an absence of sulfur-containing amino acids except for
      the initiator methionine. These proline-rich proteins display unusual repeating
      peptide sequences of 14-19 amino acids. The derived amino acid sequence of the
      cDNA insert of plasmid pMP1 from mouse has a 19-amino acid sequence which is
      repeated four times. The inserts of plasmids pUMP40 and pUMP4 also from mouse
      encode for 12 and 11 repeats of a 14-amino acid peptide, respectively. These
      repetitive sequences, and others from rat and mouse cDNAs and from human genomic
      clones, all show very high homologies and likely evolved from duplication of
      internal portions of an ancestral gene. Gene conversion could account for the
      high degree of conservation of nucleotide sequences of the repeat regions.
      Protein derived from the nucleotide sequences are all characterized by four
      general regions: a putative signal peptide, a transition region, the repetitive
      region, and a carboxyl-terminal region. The 5'-flanking sequences and sequences
      encoding the putative signal peptides are highly conserved (greater than 94%) in
      all six cDNAs. This sequence conservation may be important in the regulation of
      the biosynthesis of these unusual proteins.

PMID- 3840481
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA for pro-opiomelanocortin in the amphibian
      Xenopus laevis.
AB  - The function of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is not known in
      mammals. It is well-established in the amphibian Xenopus laevis in which alpha
      MSH mediates the process of adaptation to a dark background. The amino acid
      sequence of this hormone is, however, not known in amphibians. In order to
      determine the primary structure of the precursor protein for alpha-MSH, which in
      mammals has been called pro-opiomelancortin (POMC), we constructed a cDNA library
      from Xenopus pituitary mRNA. A pool of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide
      tetradecamers corresponding to part of the mammalian alpha-MSH sequence was used
      to screen the library. The nucleotide sequence of a 1050-base pair hybridization
      positive cDNA clone was determined and the deduced amino acid sequence of Xenopus
      POMC revealed the sequences of Xenopus gamma-MSH, alpha-MSH, corticotropin-like
      intermediate lobe peptide, beta-MSH, and beta-endorphin. Interestingly, the N
      terminal amino acid of Xenopus alpha-MSH, which is N alpha-acetylated in the
      biologically active form of the hormone, is different from that of mammalian
      alpha-MSH. The distribution of the bioactive domains within Xenopus POMC is
      remarkably similar to that in other known POMC molecules and as in mammals the
      domains in the amphibian prohormone are flanked on both sides by pairs of basic
      amino acids.

PMID- 3840482
TI  - Generation of troponin T isoforms by alternative RNA splicing in avian skeletal
      muscle. Conserved and divergent features in birds and mammals.
AB  - We describe the isolation and sequence analysis of quail muscle cDNA clones
      encoding two closely related isoforms of the striated muscle contractile protein,
      troponin T. The cDNAs represent two troponin T mRNAs that exhibit an unusual
      sequence relationship. The two mRNAs have identical sequences over hundreds of
      nucleotides including 3' untranslated regions, but they differ dramatically in a
      discrete, internally located block of 38 nucleotides. The two alternative
      sequences of this 38-nucleotide block encode two different but related versions
      of amino acid residues 230-242, near the C terminus of the protein. These results
      are consistent with a novel mechanism of troponin T isoform generation by
      alternative mRNA splicing pathways from a single gene containing two different
      exons corresponding to amino acids 229-242, as recently proposed by Medford et
      al. (Medford, R. M., Nguyen, H. T., Destree, A. T., Summers, E., and Nadal
      Ginard, B. (1984) Cell 38, 409-421). This proposal was based on analysis of a rat
      troponin T genomic DNA clone and a cDNA clone corresponding to one of the two
      alternatively spliced mRNAs. Our analysis of quail troponin T cDNA clones,
      apparently corresponding to two alternatively spliced mRNA species, provides
      important new evidence for this novel mechanism of troponin T isoform generation
      and reveals the differential splicing mechanism to be of great antiquity,
      antedating the bird-mammal divergence. One of the quail alternative isoform
      sequences clearly corresponds to one of the rat sequences, but the other quail
      alternative sequence does not correspond to either of the rat sequences. This
      result suggests a greater complexity of troponin T gene structure or a greater
      diversity of troponin T isoform genes than is currently known, and also has
      implications for the functional significance of the troponin T protein isoform
      heterogeneity. Comparison of quail and mammal alternative isoform sequences also
      reveals strongly conserved features which suggest that all the isoform
      alternative amino acid sequences are variations on a common structural theme.

PMID- 3840484
TI  - Rat embryonic fibroblast tropomyosin 1. cDNA and complete primary amino acid
      sequence.
AB  - A cDNA expression library of approximately 80,000 members was prepared from rat
      embryonic fibroblast mRNA using the plasmid expression vectors pUC8 and pUC9.
      Using an immunological screening procedure and 32P-labeled cDNA probes, clones
      encoding rat embryonic fibroblast tropomyosin 1 (TM-1) were identified and
      isolated. DNA sequence analysis was carried out to determine the amino acid
      sequence of the protein. Rat embryonic fibroblast TM-1 was found to contain 284
      amino acids and is most homologous to smooth muscle alpha-tropomyosin compared
      with skeletal muscle alpha- and beta-tropomyosins and platelet beta-tropomyosin.
      Among the various tropomyosins, two regions where the greatest sequence
      divergence is evident are between amino acids 185 and 216 and amino acids 258 and
      284. Rat embryonic fibroblast TM-1 and chicken smooth muscle alpha-tropomyosin
      are most closely related from amino acids 185 and 216 compared with skeletal
      muscle and platelet tropomyosins. In contrast, rat embryonic fibroblast TM-1,
      smooth muscle alpha-tropomyosin, and platelet tropomyosin are most homologous
      from amino acids 258 and 284 compared with skeletal muscle tropomyosins. These
      differences in sequences at the carboxyl-terminal region of the various
      tropomyosins are discussed in relation to differences in their binding to
      skeletal muscle troponin and its T1 fragment.

PMID- 3840483
TI  - The molybdate-stabilized L-cell glucocorticoid receptor isolated by affinity
      chromatography or with a monoclonal antibody is associated with a 90-92-kDa
      nonsteroid-binding phosphoprotein.
AB  - We have previously reported that molybdate-stabilized cytosol prepared from 32P
      labeled L-cells contains two phosphoproteins (a 90-92- and a 98-100-kDa protein)
      that elute from an affinity resin of deoxycorticosterone-derivatized agarose in a
      manner consistent with the predicted behavior of the glucocorticoid receptor
      (Housley, P. R., and Pratt, W. B. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 4630-4635). In the
      present work we report that both the 90-92- and 98-100-kDa 32P-labeled proteins
      are also extracted from molybdate-stabilized cytosol by incubation with a
      monoclonal antibody and protein A-Sepharose. Only the 98-100-kDa protein is
      specifically labeled when either L-cell cytosol or L-cell cytosol proteins bound
      to the affinity resin are labeled with the glucocorticoid binding site-specific
      affinity ligand [3H]dexamethasone 21-mesylate. The 98-100-kDa protein labeled
      with [3H]dexamethasone mesylate is adsorbed to protein A-Sepharose in an immune
      specific manner after reaction with the monoclonal antibody. Sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel analysis of the protein A-Sepharose-bound material
      resulting from incubating the monoclonal antibody with a mixture of 32P-labeled
      cytosol and [3H]dexamethasone mesylate-labeled cytosol demonstrates identity of
      the 98-100-kDa [3H]dexamethasone mesylate-labeled band with the 98-100-kDa 32P
      labeled band and clear separation from the nonsteroid-binding 90-92-kDa
      phosphoprotein. The results of immunoblot experiments demonstrate that the 90-92
      kDa protein is structurally distinct from the 98-100-kDa steroid-binding protein.
      As the 90-92-kDa nonsteroid-binding phosphoprotein co-purified with the 98-100
      kDa uncleaved form of the glucocorticoid receptor by two independent methods, one
      of which is based on recognizing a steroid-binding site and the other of which is
      based on recognizing an antibody binding site, we propose that the 90-92-kDa
      phosphoprotein is a component of the molybdate-stabilized, untransformed
      glucocorticoid-receptor complex in L-cell cytosol.

PMID- 3840485
TI  - The biosynthesis, processing, and secretion of laminin by human choriocarcinoma
      cells.
AB  - Laminin, a glycoprotein component of basal laminae, is synthesized and secreted
      in culture by a human malignant cell line (JAR) derived from gestational
      choriocarcinoma. Biosynthetically labeled human laminin subunits A (Mr
      approximately 400,000) and B (Mr = 200,000 doublet) are glycoslyated with
      asparagine-linked high mannose oligosaccharides that are processed to complex
      oligosaccharides before the laminin molecule is externalized by the cell. The
      rate-limiting step in the processing of the asparagine-linked glycans of laminin
      is at the point of action of alpha-mannosidase I since the principal laminin
      forms that accumulate in JAR cells contain Man9GlcNAc2 and Man8GlcNAc2
      oligosaccharide units. The combination of subunits to form the disulfide-linked
      laminin molecule (Mr approximately 950,000) occurs rapidly within the cell at a
      time when the subunits contain these high mannose oligosaccharides. The
      production of laminin is limited by the availability of the A subunit such that
      excess B subunit forms accumulate intracellularly as uncombined B and a disulfide
      linked B dimer. Pulse-chase kinetic studies establish these B forms as
      intermediates in the assembly of the laminin molecule. The fully assembled
      laminin undergoes further oligosaccharide processing and translocation to the
      cell surface, but uncombined B and B dimer are neither processed nor secreted to
      any significant extent. Therefore, laminin subunit combination appears to be a
      prerequisite for intracellular translocation, processing, and secretion. The
      mature laminin that contains complex oligosaccharides does not accumulate
      intracellularly but is rapidly externalized upon completion, either secreted into
      the culture medium (25%) or associated with the cell surface (75%) as determined
      by susceptibility to degradation by trypsin. About one-third of the laminin
      molecules secreted or shed by JAR cells into the chase medium contain a smaller A
      subunit form that appears to have been modified by limited proteolytic cleavage.
      The putative proteolytic event is closely timed to the release of the laminin
      into the culture medium.

PMID- 3840486
TI  - DL-aminocarnitine and acetyl-DL-aminocarnitine. Potent inhibitors of carnitine
      acyltransferases and hepatic triglyceride catabolism.
AB  - DL-Aminocarnitine (3-amino-4-trimethylaminobutyric acid) and acetyl-DL
      aminocarnitine (3-acetamido-4-trimethylaminobutyric acid) have been synthesized
      and the interactions of these compounds with carnitine acetyltransferase and
      carnitine palmitoyltransferase investigated. As anticipated from the low group
      transfer potential of amides, carnitine acetyltransferase catalyzes the transfer
      of acetyl groups from CoASAc to aminocarnitine (Km = 3.8 mM) but does not
      catalyze detectable transfer from acetylaminocarnitine to CoASH. Acetyl-DL
      aminocarnitine is, however, a potent competitive inhibitor of carnitine
      acetyltransferase (Ki = 24 microM) and is bound to carnitine acetyltransferase
      about 13-fold more tightly than is acetylcarnitine, with which it is isosteric.
      DL-Aminocarnitine and, to a lesser extent, acetyl-DL-aminocarnitine are also
      inhibitors of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity of detergent-lysed rat
      liver mitochondria; in the presence of 1 mM L-carnitine, 5 microM aminocarnitine
      inhibits palmitoyl transfer by 64%. Significant acylation of aminocarnitine by
      palmitoyl-CoA was not observed. Neither aminocarnitine nor acetylaminocarnitine
      is significantly catabolized by mice; aminocarnitine is converted to
      acetylaminocarnitine in vivo. Both compounds are excreted in the urine. Mice
      given acetylaminocarnitine catabolize [14C]acetyl-L-carnitine and [14C]palmitate
      to 14CO2 more slowly than do control animals. Mice given acetylaminocarnitine and
      then starved are found to reversibly accumulate triglycerides in their livers;
      mice given the inhibitor but not starved do not show this effect.

PMID- 3840487
TI  - Wheat germ agglutinin blocks the biological effects of nerve growth factor.
AB  - The binding of nerve growth factor (NGF) to specific cell surface receptors
      initiates a variety of effects that lead to the morphological and biochemical
      differentiation of clonal pheochromocytoma, PC12, cells. The lectin wheat germ
      agglutinin (WGA) alters the characteristics of NGF-receptor interaction. We have
      found that treatment of PC12 cells with WGA dramatically and reversibly inhibits
      the ability of NGF to elicit three distinct biological effects characteristic of
      NGF action. Two of these events, the rapid ruffling of cell-surface membranes and
      the stimulation of the phosphorylation of a 250-kD cytoskeletal protein in situ,
      occur rapidly and are an immediate consequence of receptor occupancy. Both of
      these effects are blocked by pretreatment of the cells with WGA. WGA was also
      found to inhibit the NGF-stimulated regeneration of neurites that occurs over 1-2
      d. Both the WGA inhibition of neurite outgrowth and the phosphorylation of the
      250-kD cytoskeletal protein were reversed upon addition of the specific sugar N
      acetylglucosamine. These data demonstrate that the WGA-induced changes in the NGF
      receptor interaction reflect important alterations in the ability of the receptor
      to transmit biological signals, resulting in the abrogation of the biological
      effects of NGF on these cells.

PMID- 3840488
TI  - Light chain phosphorylation regulates the movement of smooth muscle myosin on
      actin filaments.
AB  - In smooth muscles there is no organized sarcomere structure wherein the relative
      movement of myosin filaments and actin filaments has been documented during
      contraction. Using the recently developed in vitro assay for myosin-coated bead
      movement (Sheetz, M.P., and J.A. Spudich, 1983, Nature (Lond.)., 303:31-35), we
      were able to quantitate the rate of movement of both phosphorylated and
      unphosphorylated smooth muscle myosin on ordered actin filaments derived from the
      giant alga, Nitella. We found that movement of turkey gizzard smooth muscle
      myosin on actin filaments depended upon the phosphorylation of the 20-kD myosin
      light chains. About 95% of the beads coated with phosphorylated myosin moved at
      velocities between 0.15 and 0.4 micron/s, depending upon the preparation. With
      unphosphorylated myosin, only 3% of the beads moved and then at a velocity of
      only approximately 0.01-0.04 micron/s. The effects of phosphorylation were fully
      reversible after dephosphorylation with a phosphatase prepared from smooth
      muscle. Analysis of the velocity of movement as a function of phosphorylation
      level indicated that phosphorylation of both heads of a myosin molecule was
      required for movement and that unphosphorylated myosin appears to decrease the
      rate of movement of phosphorylated myosin. Mixing of phosphorylated smooth muscle
      myosin with skeletal muscle myosin which moves at 2 microns/s resulted in a
      decreased rate of bead movement, suggesting that the more slowly cycling smooth
      muscle myosin is primarily determining the velocity of movement in such mixtures.

PMID- 3840489
TI  - Structure of the murine anion exchange protein.
AB  - A full-length clone encoding the mouse erythrocyte anion exchange protein, band
      3, has been isolated from a cDNA library using an antibody against the mature
      erythrocyte protein. The complete nucleotide sequence has been determined.
      Substantial homology is evident between the deduced murine amino acid sequence
      and published sequences of fragments of human band 3 protein. The amino-terminal
      420 and the carboxy-terminal 32 residues constitute polar, soluble domains, while
      the intervening 475 amino acids are likely to be intimately associated with the
      lipid bilayer. Hydrophobic analysis of this sequence, together with structural
      studies on the human protein, suggests the possibility of at least 12 membrane
      spans, predicting that both the amino- and carboxy-termini are intracellular.

PMID- 3840490
TI  - Versatile high-performance liquid chromatographic computer system for solvent
      delivery, gradient control and data acquisition using the Commodore 64 personal
      computer.
AB  - An interface for a high-performance liquid chromatographic system based on the
      Commodore 64 personal computer has been designed as an alternative to the
      expensive and somewhat inflexible solvent programmers and data acquisition
      systems offered by commercial manufacturers. The system consists of the Commodore
      64 with a single disk drive and monitor, and an interface that directly controls
      the flow-rates of two Waters pumps for solvent delivery in either isocratic or
      gradient mode, as well as analog-to-digital conversion of chromatographic data
      and either graphic data output to a dot-matrix printer or digital-to-analog
      conversion for output to a chart recorder. The interface permits computer
      controlled flow-rates of up to 10.0 ml/min, with an accuracy of 0.0047 ml/min at
      flow-rates of 4.1 ml/min and an accuracy of 0.03 ml/min at flow-rates of 10
      ml/min. The software for data analysis permits tabulation of elution times and
      areas for the peaks in a chromatogram with an option for baseline correction. The
      data are stored on floppy disks together with information pertinent to the
      chromatogram (flow-rate, solvent composition, etc.).

PMID- 3840491
TI  - Determination of N-5-dimethyl-9-[(2-methoxy-4-methylsulfonylamino)phenylamino]-4 
      acridinecarboxamide in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3840492
TI  - Study of glucose and lipid metabolism by continuous indirect calorimetry in
      Graves' disease: effect of an oral glucose load.
AB  - Glucose and lipid metabolism were studied in 12 patients with hyperthyroid
      Graves' disease for 3 h during an oral glucose tolerance test (100 g) by
      continuous indirect calorimetry. In the postabsorptive state, glucose oxidation
      was not different from that in normal subjects, but lipid oxidation was
      significantly increased. Impaired glucose tolerance was found, but total glucose
      oxidation increased after the glucose load to 47.1 +/- 2.0 (+/- SEM) vs. 33.4 +/-
      1.4 g/3 h in the control group (P less than 0.001). Total glucose oxidation
      corresponded, in hyperthyroid patients, to the highest rate obtained with
      progressively increasing insulin and glucose administration in normal man.
      Glucose storage was clearly lower in hyperthyroid patients. After treatment in 7
      patients, glucose tolerance improved significantly, and the metabolic patterns
      almost normalized. In the 12 hyperthyroid patients and the 7 patients after
      treatment (n = 19), a correlation was found between total serum T3 concentration
      and both basal lipid oxidation and suprabasal glucose oxidation. It is concluded
      that the decrease in glucose tolerance in hyperthyroidism cannot be explained by
      an alteration in glucose oxidation, but, rather, by a defect in nonoxidative
      glucose uptake in the periphery.

PMID- 3840493
TI  - A long term clinical, immunological, and histological follow-up study of patients
      with goitrous chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.
AB  - Goiter size, thyroid function, antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies,
      and thyroid histology were compared in 43 patients with goitrous chronic
      lymphocytic thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease) confirmed by biopsy before and
      after an interval of 10-20 yr. Although all were given thyroid hormone therapy,
      13 patients took it infrequently, and are considered untreated. Among these 13
      patients, 5 (38%) became hypothyroid, and 1 became thyrotoxic. Goiter size
      decreased in 17 (57%) of 30 patients during therapy and in 3 (23%) of 13
      untreated patients, and the incidence of reduction was greater in treated than in
      untreated patients (P less than 0.05). However, in 13 (43%) of the patients,
      goiter size did not decrease even during treatment. Titers of antithyroid
      antibodies decreased in only 8 (21%) of 38 patients. There was no significant
      correlation between changes in antibodies and the size of goiter, and treatment
      with thyroid hormone did not decrease the titers of antibodies. In patients whose
      goiters were initially diffusely enlarged and regressed significantly in size
      during the follow-up period, the initial biopsies showed histological changes in
      diffuse lymphocytic infiltration and diffuse epithelial changes. Comparative
      studies of histological differences between patients who were treated with
      thyroid hormone and those who were not were made in the patients who had no
      change in goiter size during the observation period, which was greater than 10
      yr. The histological changes were similar in both groups at the beginning of the
      study, and no significant histological changes during the period of greater than
      10 yr were found in either group. In one patient who developed thyrotoxicosis
      after 20 yr and was rebiopsied, the histological picture was that of thyroid
      hyperplasia and lymphocytic thyroiditis. These data indicate that goitrous
      chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis changes little as a function of time in many
      patients regardless of whether thyroid hormone is administered.

PMID- 3840494
TI  - The Quebec health system: care objectives or health objectives?

PMID- 3840496
TI  - Intrathecal triiodothyronine administration causes greater heart rate stimulation
      in hypothyroid rats than intravenously delivered hormone. Evidence for a central
      nervous system site of thyroid hormone action.
AB  - To determine whether intracerebrally localized iodothyronines produce thyroid
      hormone-related functional effects, heart rate responses were compared in
      conscious hypothyroid rats given triiodothyronine (T3) by either the intrathecal
      or the intravenous route. A significant increase in heart rate occurred within 18
      h after 1.5 nmol T3/100 g body wt was delivered intrathecally through a cannula
      previously placed in the lateral cerebral ventricle. Injection of the same T3
      dose intravenously through an indwelling jugular catheter or injection of vehicle
      only by either route produced no significant increase in heart rate during the 48
      h postinjection period of observation. These differences were observed even
      though integrated serum T3 concentrations were significantly lower after
      intrathecal than after intravenous T3 injection. The results indicate that
      thyroid hormone effects on heart rate are exerted within the brain as well as
      within the heart.

PMID- 3840495
TI  - Evidence that blood ionized calcium can regulate serum 1,25(OH)2D3 independently
      of parathyroid hormone and phosphorus in the rat.
AB  - This study asks whether arterial blood ionized calcium concentration (Ca++) can
      regulate the serum level of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] independently
      of serum phosphorus and parathyroid hormone (PTH). We infused either PTH (bovine
      1-34, 10 U/kg body wt/h) or saline into awake and unrestrained rats for 24 h,
      through a chronic indwelling catheter. PTH raised total serum calcium and
      arterial blood ionized calcium, yet serum 1,25(OH)2D3 fell from 35 +/- 6 (mean +/
      SEM, n = 10) with saline to 12 +/- 3 pg/ml (n = 11, P less than 0.005 vs.
      saline). To determine if the decrease in serum 1,25(OH)2D3 was due to the
      elevated Ca++, we infused PTH into other rats for 24 h, along with varying
      amounts of EGTA. Infusion of PTH + 0.67 micron/min EGTA reduced Ca++, and
      1,25(OH)2D3 rose to 90 +/- 33 (P less than 0.02 vs. PTH alone). PTH + 1.00
      micron/min EGTA lowered Ca++ more, and 1,25(OH)2D3 increased to 148 +/- 29 (P
      less than 0.01 vs. saline or PTH alone). PTH + 1.33 micron/min EGTA lowered Ca++
      below values seen with saline or PTH alone, and 1,25(OH)2D3 rose to 267 +/- 46 (P
      less than 0.003 vs. all other groups). Thus, during PTH infusion lowering Ca++
      with EGTA raised 1,25(OH)2D3 progressively. There were no differences in serum
      phosphorus concentration or in arterial blood pH in any group infused with PTH.
      The log of serum 1,25(OH)2D3 was correlated inversely with Ca++ in all four
      groups infused with PTH (r = -0.737, n = 31, P less than 0.001), and also when
      the saline group was included (r = -0.677, n = 41, P less than 0.001). The
      results of this study indicate that serum 1,25(OH)2D3 may be regulated by Ca++
      independent of PTH and serum phosphorus levels in the rat. Since 1,25(OH)2D3
      regulates gastrointestinal calcium absorption, there may be direct feedback
      control of 1,25(OH)2D3, by its regulated ion, Ca++.

PMID- 3840497
TI  - A monoclonal antibody against basal cells of human epidermis. Potential use in
      the diagnosis of cervical neoplasia.
AB  - A murine monoclonal antibody was generated against human skin cells obtained from
      psoriatic plaques. The antibody, called VM-2, recognizes an epitope expressed on
      the basal cell layer of human skin and other epithelia. VM-2 also binds to
      cultured cells from a variety of human carcinomas including HeLa cervical
      carcinoma, A-431 vulvar carcinoma, A-549 lung alveolar carcinoma, and SCL-1 skin
      squamous cell carcinoma cells. In several primary human cell lines, including
      fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and cells from the hematopoietic lineage, the
      antigenic site recognized by VM-2 could not be detected. The cellular antigen
      when immunoprecipitated by VM-2 from both normal and transformed cells appears to
      be proteins of approximately 100,000 and 120,000 mol weight. In frozen sections
      from human tumor-containing tissues, VM-2 labels skin, cervical, and lung
      squamous carcinoma cells, as well as skin basal carcinoma cells. Malignant cells
      present in exfoliative smears from epidermoid invasive neoplasias of the cervix
      are also selectively recognized by VM-2 in distinction to normal squamous
      cervical cells. VM-2 is thus directed against an antigen associated with
      neoplastic cells when applied in selected sites of exfoliative cytology. This
      monoclonal antibody represents a new reagent that should prove useful in the
      diagnosis of cervical neoplasia.

PMID- 3840498
TI  - Spinal and trigeminal dorsal horn projections to the parabrachial nucleus in the
      rat.
AB  - We studied afferents to the parabrachial nucleus (PB) from the spinal cord and
      the spinal trigeminal nucleus pars caudalis (SNVc) in the rat by using the
      anterograde and retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to
      horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). Injections of WGA-HRP into medial PB
      retrogradely labeled neurons in the promontorium and in lamina I of the dorsal
      rostral SNVc, while injections into lateral PB and the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus
      retrogradely labeled neurons in these areas as well as in lamina I throughout the
      caudal SNVc and spinal dorsal horn. Injections of WGA-HRP into the caudal SNVc
      and dorsal horn of the spinal cord resulted in terminal labeling in the dorsal,
      central, and external lateral subnuclei of PB and the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, all
      of which are known to receive cardiovascular and respiratory afferent
      information. Injections of WGA-HRP into the promontorium and dorsal rostral SNVc
      resulted in terminal labeling in the same PB subnuclei, as well as in the medial
      and the ventral lateral PB subnuclei, which are sites of relay for gustatory
      information ascending from the medulla to the forebrain. The spinal and
      trigeminal projection to PB may mediate the convergence of pain, chemosensory,
      and temperature sensibilities with gustatory and cardiorespiratory systems in PB.

PMID- 3840499
TI  - Effects of normal and pathologic eardrum impedance on sound pressure in the aided
      ear canal: a computer simulation.
AB  - Reported herein are results of computer simulations of aided sound spectra in
      ears with normal and pathologic eardrum impedance. The computer technique used in
      this study has been reported elsewhere [D. P. Egolf, D. R. Tree, and L. L. Feth,
      J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63, 264-271 (1978)]. Consequently, to develop reader
      confidence in the computer scheme, its application to real ears was first tested.
      This was accomplished by (1) comparing computed spectral data with in-the-ear
      measurements and (2) comparing real ear minus 2-cc coupler data-both computer
      generated--with an idealized difference curve published elsewhere [R. M. Sachs
      and M. D. Burkhard, unpublished rep. no. 20022-1, Industrial Research Products,
      Inc., Elk Grove Village, IL (1972)]. Results indicate that the wide variation in
      eardrum impedance among normals evidenced in other studies produces a
      corresponding wide variation in aided spectrum shape. Likewise, simulations
      utilizing two sets of pathologic eardrum impedance data obtained from the
      literature show that aided sound spectra in such ears are likely to be
      significantly different from those occurring in normal ears. These findings
      suggest, as others have concluded, that there may be a substantial variation in
      spectrum shape among individuals wearing identically the same hearing aid--even
      if those individuals have normal hearing. In conclusion, questions are raised
      about the use of real-ear simulators and the need for a comprehensive computer
      based model of an entire hearing aid.

PMID- 3840500
TI  - High-synchrony cochlear compound action potentials evoked by rising frequency
      swept tone bursts.
AB  - The auditory compound action potential (CAP) represents synchronous VIIIth nerve
      activity. Clicks or impulses have been used in the past to produce this synchrony
      under the assumption that the wide spectral spread inherent in transient signals
      will activate a large portion of the cochlear partition. However, the observation
      that only auditory nerve units tuned above 3 kHz contribute to synchronous
      activity in the N1P1 complex of the CAP [Dolan et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73,
      580-591 (1983)] suggests that temporal delays imposed by the traveling wave
      result in an asynchronous pattern of VIIIth nerve activation. In order to
      determine if units tuned below 3 kHz could be recruited into the CAP response,
      the present study uses tone bursts of exponentially rising frequency to
      hypothetically activate synchronous discharges of VIIIth nerve fibers along the
      length of the cochlear partition. The equations defining the frequency sweeps are
      calculated to be the inverse of the delay-line characteristics of the guinea pig
      cochlear partition. The resultant sweeps theoretically cause a constant phase
      displacement of a large portion of the cochlear partition at one time. Compound
      action potentials recorded in response to the rising frequency sweeps were
      compared to CAPs evoked by corresponding falling frequency sweeps and clicks.
      Analysis of the CAP waveforms showed narrower N1 widths and larger N1 and P1
      amplitudes for rising sweeps when compared to falling sweeps. This is consistent
      with the hypothesis of increased synchrony. A further test of the hypothesis was
      made by using high-pass masking noise to evaluate the contributions of discrete
      cochlear locations to the CAP ("derived" CAP). Latency functions of the derived
      CAPs for clicks and falling frequency sweeps showed progressive increases in
      latency as the cutoff frequency of the high-pass filter was lowered. The latency
      of the derived CAP for these stimulus conditions reflects traveling wave delays
      [Aran and Cazals, "Electrocochleography: Animal studies," in Evoked Electrical
      Activity in The Auditory Nervous System (Academic, New York, 1978)]. In contrast,
      derived CAPs obtained from rising sweeps showed no change in latency for any
      cutoff frequencies, indicating a constant delay of response for fibers with
      different characteristic frequencies (CFs). These results support the theoretical
      premise underlying the derivation of the rising sweep: Spectral energy with the
      appropriate temporal organization, dictated by basilar membrane traveling wave
      properties, will increase CAP synchrony.

PMID- 3840501
TI  - Coherent active methods for applications in room acoustics.
AB  - An adjustment of reverberation time in rooms is often desired, even for low
      frequencies where passive absorbers fail. Among the active (electroacoustic)
      systems, incoherent ones permit lengthening of reverberation time only, whereas
      coherent active methods will allow sound absorption as well. A coherent-active
      wall lining consists of loudspeakers with microphones in front and adjustable
      control electronics. The microphones pick up the incident sound and drive the
      speakers in such a way that the reflection coefficient takes on prescribed
      values. An experimental device for the one-dimensional case allows reflection
      coefficients between almost zero and about 1.5 to be realized below 1000 Hz. The
      extension to three dimensions presents problems, especially by nearfield effects.
      Experiments with a 3 X 3 loudspeaker array and computer simulations proved that
      the amplitude reflection coefficient can be adjusted between 10% and 200% for
      sinusoidal waves at normal and oblique incidence. Future developments have to
      make the system work with broadband excitation and in more diffuse sound fields.
      It is also planned to combine the active reverberation control with active
      diffusion control.

PMID- 3840502
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the sequelae of Basedow's ophthalmopathy].
AB  - Functional and cosmetic ophthalmic complications of Graves' disease are
      exophthalmos, eyelid retraction and oculomotor disturbances. This paper describes
      and takes over the surgical procedures used when these complications are
      associated. In severe exophthalmos, we used an orbital decompression of the
      orbital floor sometimes combined with the medial wall by an anterior approach. In
      eyelid retraction, we perform a recession of the levator muscle with scleral
      graft implantation. In incomitant strabismus, surgery is usually limited to
      recessions of the involved muscles, most of the surgery is directed to the
      inferior rectus and medial rectus, as these are the most commonly affected
      muscles. The indications depend on the status of the patient at the time of
      referral. For severe exophthalmos with true retraction of the upper eyelid, we
      begin at the first stage by treatment of the retraction and if it is not
      sufficient, we perform an orbital decompression at the second stage. For severe
      exophthalmos with oculomotor disturbances, we perform at the first stage the
      orbital decompression and at the second stage the strabismus surgery. For
      oculomotor disturbances with eyelid retraction, we perform the strabismus surgery
      at the first stage and the eyelid retraction at the second stage. When there is
      the association of exophthalmos, eyelid retraction and oculomotor disturbances,
      the indication and the choice of treatment are difficult and depend on numerous
      factors. If an orbital decompression is indicated, it will be done first,
      followed by the strabismus surgery and at a later stage, the eyelid retraction.
      If only the eyelid retraction is treated, it will be done after the strabismus
      surgery. The chronology of the treatment depends on the modification we observed
      on the other components of the ophthalmopathy when one stage treatment is
      performed on one component: for example orbital decompression can modify the
      oculomotor disturbance and oculomotor surgery can modify eyelid retraction.

PMID- 3840504
TI  - A program for calculating genetic distance, and its use in determining
      significant differences in genetic similarity between two groups of populations.

PMID- 3840503
TI  - Sex differences of nicotinate-induced hyperbilirubinemia in Gilbert's syndrome.
      Implication of bilitranslocase function.
AB  - Intravenous administration of nicotinic acid (NA) is followed by an increase in
      serum unconjugated bilirubin level. This effect is higher in Gilbert's syndrome
      (GS) and this test has been used in the diagnosis of the syndrome. After
      administration of 5.9 mumol NA/kg body weight, the maximal increment of serum
      unconjugated bilirubin and the area under the bilirubin concentration time curve
      (AUC) were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in GS males than in GS
      females. The half-life of the first fast slope of plasma disappearance curve of
      the drug was also significantly prolonged in GS males as compared to GS females
      (15.91 +/- 1.12 vs 9.13 +/- 1.25 min, mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.005). The
      maximal bilirubin increment and AUC were linearly correlated (P less than 0.01)
      with NA plasma half-life. Purified preparations of bilitranslocase, a liver
      plasma-membrane protein involved in bilirubin and sulfobromophthalein (BSP)
      transport, specifically bound NA and the drug competitively inhibited BSP uptake
      in rat liver plasma membrane vesicles (Ki = 50 nM). These data suggest that, in
      addition to the hemolytic effect of the drug, NA-induced hyperbilirubinaemia
      could be also due to a competition between the two anions at the sinusoidal
      plasma membrane level. A possible implication of bilitranslocase in GS is
      considered.

PMID- 3840505
TI  - A PASCAL program that calculates heritability estimates using weighted linear
      regressions.

PMID- 3840506
TI  - BASIC programs for estimating coefficients of inbreeding, parentage, and
      identity.

PMID- 3840507
TI  - A principal component analysis program.

PMID- 3840508
TI  - An interactive computer program for the determination of the binding constants of
      monoclonal antibodies by non-linear regression analysis of radioimmunoassay data.
AB  - A computer program is presented for non-linear regression analysis of
      radioimmunoassay data, which allows the determination of the binding parameters
      of monoclonal antibodies, i.e., affinity constant and number of available binding
      sites. The program is based on the median method and gives the values of the
      binding constants and their 95% confidence limits, without the necessity for
      their preliminary, approximate evaluation. The program may also be used to
      determine the binding constants for the interaction of receptors with labelled
      ligands.

PMID- 3840509
TI  - Detection of eosinophils using an eosinophil peroxidase assay. Its use as an
      assay for eosinophil differentiation factors.
AB  - A colorimetric assay for peroxidase has been applied to the detection of
      eosinophils in bone marrow cultures and tissue cell suspensions. The substrate
      solution consists of 0.1 mM o-phenylenediamine in 0.05 M Tris-HCl buffer pH 8.0
      containing 0.1% Triton and 1 mM hydrogen peroxide. The method is shown to be an
      easy and reproducible method of detecting eosinophils, with insignificant
      interference from neutrophils.

PMID- 3840510
TI  - Effect of skin temperature on selective vascular injury caused by pulsed laser
      irradiation.
AB  - The effect of skin temperature on vascular-specific injury caused by pulsed laser
      irradiation was examined. Ten healthy human volunteers were exposed to 1.5
      microsecond pulses from a dye laser tuned to 577 nm. Compared to normothermic
      conditions (33 degrees C skin temperature) significantly more laser energy (p
      less than 0.01) was required to produce grossly visible purpura when the skin was
      cooled to 20 degrees C or heated to 40 degrees C. Histologically, laser-induced
      damage was confined to blood vessels at all three skin temperatures studied. At
      purpura threshold dose, there was intravascular agglutination without
      extravasation of red blood cells at 20 degrees C whereas at 33 degrees and 40
      degrees C there was extravasation of red blood cells.

PMID- 3840511
TI  - [Early changes of vasoactive prostanoids in patients with mitral valve
      replacement].

PMID- 3840512
TI  - [Studies on the significance of PLD repair for radioresistance in human uterine
      adenocarcinoma cells].
AB  - Relationships between radioresistance of uterine adenocarcinoma cells and
      potentially lethal damage repair (PLDR) was studied using four human uterine
      carcinoma cell lines (HeLa S3, HEC-59, SNG-M and SKG-3a). The magnitude of PLDR
      was estimated by colony formation assay using cell densed and nutrition deficient
      cultured cells and transplanted cells in nude mice. PLDR of cultured cells and
      HeLa S3 cells in nude mice almost finished by 6 hours after irradiation. The
      magnitude of PLDR of HeLa S3 cells in vitro was almost the same 4-fold ratio as
      in vivo after radiation exposure at a dose of 5 Gray. This suggests that PLDR in
      vitro is correlated to that in vivo. Dose-surviving relationships demonstrated
      that radioresistance of four cultured cells was chiefly expressed as Do and Dq
      values in hit-theory and the magnitude of their radioresistance was as follows:
      HEC-59 greater than SNG-M greater than HeLa S3 greater than SKG-3a. On the other
      hand, the magnitude of their PLDR was as follows: HEC-59 greater than SNG-M
      greater than HeLa S3 greater than SKG-3a. This proved that the magnitude of
      radioresistance is correlated to that of PLDR and the more radioresistant
      adenocarcinoma cells have greater PLDR than squamous cell carcinoma cell. In
      conclusion, PLD repair may be an important cause of radioresistance in human
      uterine adenocarcinoma cells.

PMID- 3840513
TI  - A human sperm-seminal plasma common antigen expressed on sperm cell membrane.

PMID- 3840514
TI  - Plasma levels of protein C antigen during pregnancy and puerperium.

PMID- 3840515
TI  - [Flow cytometric analysis of changes in lymphocyte subsets in the blood of cancer
      patients during radiation therapy. 8. Special reference to OKT10+-lymphocytes].

PMID- 3840516
TI  - The design and structure of clinical research information systems. Implications
      for data retrieval and statistical analyses.
AB  - Data management software designed to support clinical data bases typically
      provides the user with the ability to "enter" and "retrieve" information
      according to simple user-specified criteria. In the medical research environment,
      such data base management systems can be self-limiting unless the user has
      carefully structured the data base schema to be consistent with subsequent
      statistical procedures used for analysis. For statistical purposes, the data base
      schema must be configured such that the dependent and independent variables are
      structurally situated to facilitate the use of statistical application programs.
      Furthermore, the analysis of time-oriented, prospective studies often requires
      the data base to be "relational." This may be inconsistent with data collection
      procedures that result in "hierarchical" schemata. Methodology for ensuring
      compatibility between the data base schema and subsequent statistical analyses is
      presented using examples derived from a multicenter clinical trial of diabetes
      and an observational data bank approach to disease surveillance in rheumatology.

PMID- 3840517
TI  - RED: a red-cell antibody identification expert module.
AB  - We describe a software module in an expert system RED, which interprets data
      related to red cell antibody identification. There are three portions to this
      module: the problem-solving component, which incorporates the knowledge required
      for antibody identification as a hierarchy of programs. The programs in the
      hierarchy organize within themselves small pieces of knowledge represented in the
      form of production rules, which are capable of making judgments concerning a
      specific hypothesis; an intelligent data base for storage of patient data, red
      cell attributes, and test results; the "overview critic" portion, which combines
      the atomic hypotheses judged favorably by the antibody programs into a unified
      judgment concerning the case. Overview makes the decision to terminate processing
      with a conclusion about which antibodies are actually present and what specific
      further tests need to be performed to resolve any remaining ambiguities.

PMID- 3840518
TI  - Hierarchical information system for the cost analysis of clinical laboratory
      tests.
AB  - A microcomputer-based information system that integrates the concepts of text
      processing, data base processing, and data base analysis has been designed for
      cost evaluation in our laboratories. This forms a flexible package that is
      directed by the needs of the user. The package, which has been used to calculate
      various cost parameters and productivity on the basis of comprehensive data and
      user-defined rules, serves as a tool for good financial management at various
      organizational levels in the clinical laboratory.

PMID- 3840519
TI  - Application development approaches in a MUMPS environment.
AB  - A number of techniques exist to aid in the development of software applications.
      This paper briefly discusses the use of discrete, stand-alone packages written in
      MUMPS as tools for the efficient development and maintenance of applications
      packages. A preliminary set of requirements and a list of candidate functional
      clusters are included.

PMID- 3840520
TI  - Plotting human pedigrees.
AB  - The MEGADATS pedigree plotting system, described in this paper, is designed to
      display a human pedigree on a graphics device such as a pen plotter. The plotting
      algorithm, which is order n in disk reads, where n is the number of individuals,
      is presented. Example plots are given, including a family with multiple mates and
      multiple original parent pairs.

PMID- 3840521
TI  - Identification of neurones containing cardioacceleratory peptides (CAPs) in the
      ventral nerve cord of the tobacco hawkmoth, Manduca sexta.
AB  - The abdominal ganglion neurosecretory cells responsible for the synthesis and
      release of two insect neurohormones, cardioacceleratory peptides 1 and 2 (CAP1
      and CAP2), from the perivisceral organs (PVOs) have been identified in the
      tobacco hawkmoth, Manduca sexta. Previous work established the existence of two
      groups of abdominal ganglion cell bodies with axons projecting to the PVO: four
      laterally-situated pairs and five pairs lying on the midline (Taghert & Truman,
      1982b). Micro-dissection and bioassay of various parts of an abdominal ganglion
      revealed that CAP activity was greatest in the medial portion of the ganglion,
      the portion containing the 10 midline neurones. Six of the 10 midline
      neurosecretory cells, the new midline bilateral (MB) cells, appeared to
      differentiate post-embryonically, commencing differentiation late in the last
      larval instar and reaching maturity midway through adult development. The
      development of the new MB cells was mirrored by the accumulation of CAP activity
      in the abdominal nerve cord. Not present in measurable amounts in larvae, CAP
      activity was first detectable a few days after pupation and reached maximal
      levels midway through adult development. CAP-like bioactivity was collected from
      the PVO in response to antidromic stimulation of the nerve containing the new MB
      axons. No CAP-like bioactivity was detected in those preparations in which the
      new MB axons were severed or in which other nerves were stimulated. Intracellular
      stimulation of a new MB neurone evoked the release from the PVO of measurable
      levels of CAP bioactivity. It was shown that this stimulation-evoked,
      cardioacceleratory activity was sensitive to protease treatment, and was released
      only from the cell that was stimulated. On the basis of these experiments, it was
      concluded that the CAPs are synthesized and secreted from the new MB cells.

PMID- 3840522
TI  - [11th meeting of the European Club of Genetic Counseling. Lyon-Chambery, 13-15
      September 1984].

PMID- 3840523
TI  - Inhibition of monoamine oxidase selectively in brain monoamine nerves using the
      bioprecursor (E)-beta-fluoromethylene-m-tyrosine (MDL 72394), a substrate for
      aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase.
AB  - (E)-beta-Fluoromethylene-m-tyrosine (FMMT) is a dual-enzyme-activated inhibitor
      of monoamine oxidase (MAO). The compound is not an inhibitor per se but is
      decarboxylated by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) to yield a potent
      enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of MAO, (E)-beta-fluoromethylene-m
      tyramine, which shows some selectivity for inhibition of MAO type A.
      Decarboxylation of FMMT was demonstrated in vitro using hog kidney AADC and in
      vivo in rats by the ability of alpha-monofluoromethyldopa (MFMD), a potent
      inhibitor of AADC, to prevent MAO inhibition produced by FMMT. In isolated
      synaptosomes, FMMT was decarboxylated by AADC, and, furthermore, the compound was
      actively transported into these isolated nerve endings. An active transport into
      the CNS has also been demonstrated in vivo by performing competition experiments
      with leucine. To demonstrate that FMMT is preferentially decarboxylated within
      monoamine nerves of the CNS, the nigrostriatal 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine
      (dopamine) pathway of rats was unilaterally lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine or
      infused with MFMD. Under these conditions, MAO inhibition produced by orally
      administered FMMT in the striatum ipsilateral to the lesion or infusion was
      markedly attenuated. Combination of FMMT with an inhibitor of extracerebral AADC,
      such as carbidopa, protected peripheral organs against the MAO inhibitory effects
      and concomitantly enhanced MAO inhibition in the CNS. Such combinations had a
      greatly reduced propensity to augment the cardiovascular effects of
      intraduodenally administered tyramine, when compared with FMMT given alone or
      with clorgyline, a selective inhibitor of MAO type A. The results obtained with
      FMMT suggest the possibility of achieving selective inhibition of MAO within
      monoamine nerves of the CNS and, further, suggest that combination of FMMT with
      an inhibitor of extracerebral AADC will reduce the propensity of this inhibitor
      to produce adverse interactions with tyramine.

PMID- 3840524
TI  - Relationship between activation state of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and rate
      of pyruvate oxidation in isolated cerebro-cortical mitochondria: effects of
      potassium ions and adenine nucleotides.
AB  - The relation between the activation (phosphorylation) state of pyruvate
      dehydrogenase complex (PDHC; EC 1.2.4.1, EC 2.3.1.12, and EC 1.6.4.3) and the
      rate of pyruvate oxidation has been examined in isolated, metabolically active,
      and tightly coupled mitochondria from rat cerebral cortex. With pyruvate and
      malate as the substrates, the activation state of PDHC decreased on addition of
      ADP, while the rates of oxygen uptake and 14CO2 formation from [1-14C]pyruvate
      increased. The lack of correlation between the activation state of PDHC and rate
      of pyruvate oxidation was seen in media containing 5, 30, or 100 mM KCl. Both the
      activation state of PDHC and pyruvate oxidation increased, however, when KCl was
      increased from 5 to 100 mM. Although the PDHC is inactivated by an ATP-dependent
      kinase (EC 2.7.1.99), direct measurement of ATP and ADP failed to show a
      consistent relationship between the activation state of PDHC and either ATP
      levels or ATP/ADP ratios. Comparison of the activation state of PDHC in uncoupled
      or oligomycin-treated mitochondria also failed to correlate PDHC activation state
      to adenine nucleotides. In brain mitochondria, unlike those from other tissues,
      the activation state of PDHC does not seem to be related clearly to the rate of
      pyruvate oxidation, or to the mitochondrial adenylate energy charge.

PMID- 3840525
TI  - Deafness in intrathecal chemotherapy.

PMID- 3840526
TI  - MOPP regimen as primary chemotherapy for brain tumors in infants.
AB  - Seventeen infants with central nervous system malignancies, all with tissue
      diagnosis, were treated with the combination chemotherapy nitrogen mustard,
      vincristine, procarbazine and a steroid (MOPP) as primary therapy following
      surgery. Diagnoses include: 7 astrocytomas (grade: 3-I, 3-II, 1-III), 6
      medulloblastomas, 2 ependymoma/astrocytoma mixed, 1 ependymoma and 1 primitive
      neuroectodermal tumor. Fourteen were under 2 years of age, 2 between 2 and 3
      years of age, and 1 between 3 and 4 years of age. Fifteen responded and 2 failed.
      Of the responders, 6 are in continuous complete remission (median duration 28.9+
      months) and 9 are in relapse (median duration of remission 10.3 months). Of the 2
      patients who failed and 9 who relapsed, 4 expired and 6 are living in partial or
      complete remission. We conclude that MOPP therapy is well tolerated, has
      effectiveness, and allows postponement of potentially debilitating radiotherapy
      in infants with brain tumors.

PMID- 3840527
TI  - Age-related fiber order in the optic tract of the ferret.
AB  - In the ferret's optic tract, the position of retinofugal fibers has been related
      to their relative age by preferentially labeling the oldest fibers. It has been
      found that fiber order perpendicular to the pial surface represents the sequence
      of axon arrivals in the optic tract, the fibers furthest from the pia being the
      oldest. Immature ferrets, less than 34 days post-conception (E34), were given
      intravitreal injections of lectin-bound horseradish peroxidase or of 3H-amino
      acids. After survival times of 24 hr or less, the contralateral optic tract was
      uniformly labeled, whereas with longer survival times unlabeled zones were seen
      next to the pial border. These unlabeled zones were largest after injections into
      the youngest animals but were never seen when injections were made after E34, no
      matter what the survival time. The unlabeled zones were seen in the tracts of
      animals having unlabeled regions in the periphery of the retina. The unlabeled
      retinal ganglion cells are interpreted as ganglion cells formed after the
      injection was made, and unlabeled axons next to the pia in the tract are
      interpreted as the axons of these youngest cells. Some irregularities in the
      layered arrangement of the tract are described, and the fiber order in the tract
      is contrasted with that in the optic nerve behind the eye. It is shown that tract
      order is partially independent of order in the intraorbital part of the optic
      nerve. Between the retina and the optic tract, a sorting of fibers occurs not
      only in terms of the pattern of decussation, but also in terms of fiber age.

PMID- 3840528
TI  - Clinical experience with sensitive thyrotropin measurements: diagnostic and
      therapeutic implications.
AB  - A two-site immunoradiometric assay for serum thyrotropin (TSH) was modified to
      improve the analytical sensitivity. The sensitivity achieved (detection limit,
      approximately 0.1 microU/ml; lower limit of quantitative measurement,
      approximately 0.4 microU/ml) was comparable to that of the best competitive
      binding research assays, yet this assay can be performed routinely. Serum TSH was
      1.82 +/- 0.69 (mean +/- s.d.) (range 0.4-3.4 microU/ml) in healthy individuals
      and 1.83 +/- 0.90 microU/ml (range 0.7-3.7 microU/ml) in patients with
      nonthyroidal disorders. By contrast, 97% of clinically hyperthyroid patients
      (Graves' disease, toxic nodular goiter) with high serum free T4 (FT4) and T3 had
      suppressed serum TSH values, i.e., less than 0.3 microU/ml. Among patients with
      euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy or nontoxic goiter those clinically suspected of
      mild hyperthyroidism had TSH values less than 0.3 microU/ml, while those judged
      euthyroid had normal values. A large proportion of thyroid patients on
      antithyroid drugs (poorly to well-controlled) had suppressed TSH. Of Graves'
      patients in remission (normal FT4 and T3), 75% had normal TSH, but individual
      levels changed significantly over time, suggesting that a progressive decline in
      TSH may be useful in predicting recurrences. In hypothyroid patients taking L-T4,
      serum TSH was subnormal in patients with elevated FT4, but TSH was also low in
      six patients clinically suspected to be thyrotoxic despite normal FT4 and T3 and
      in 32% of asymptomatic patients with normal thyroid hormone levels. Conversely,
      23% of thyroid cancer patients who had undergone thyroidectomy were taking
      insufficient L-T4 to completely suppress TSH secretion. In 25 individuals who
      underwent thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation tests, the baseline
      serum TSH value correlated well with the peak serum TSH value post-TRH (r =
      0.85). We conclude that sensitive TSH measurements could establish or confirm the
      diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in equivocal cases, replace most TRH-stimulation
      tests and be of value in optimizing L-T4 suppression therapy for thyroid cancer
      patients post-thyroidectomy.

PMID- 3840529
TI  - Reconstruction algorithm for incomplete projections in the framework of linear
      operators in normed linear spaces.
AB  - Based on the linearity of the Radon transform and the convolution-backprojection
      reconstruction algorithm, a new linear-vector space notation is introduced that
      is of general use in computed tomography (CT). Using this notation, a consistency
      condition for the completion of incomplete projection data is described. This
      consistency condition leads to singular or ill-conditioned systems of linear
      equations for the unknown projection data. Using regularization methods, an
      algorithm for the consistent projection completion is presented that can exploit
      symmetries of the missing data region. The performance of the new algorithm is
      documented with simulated and actualy measured CT-projection data. The algorithm
      quantitatively improves CT reconstructions with realistic amounts of data and
      noise and can be used for the completion of arbitrary regions of missing
      projections.

PMID- 3840530
TI  - Effects of a protein-free, synthetic surfactant on survival and pulmonary
      function in preterm lambs.
AB  - We have created a totally synthetic, protein-free surfactant (Exosurf) composed
      of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, hexadecanol, and tyloxapol. We studied the
      effects of endotracheal instillation of Exosurf on survival and pulmonary
      function of preterm lambs delivered at 131 to 133 days gestation (term 148 days).
      Exosurf treatment was compared with instillation of surface-active material
      prepared from lung lavages of adult sheep and with no instillation. Lambs were
      delivered by cesarean section, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated. The
      Exosurf group survived longer (80% alive at 11 hours) than did the no
      instillation group (30% alive at 11 hours) (P less than 0.05). There were no
      statistically significant differences between the Exosurf and sheep surfactant
      groups. We conclude that Exosurf, a synthetic surfactant, produces significant
      improvement in survival and pulmonary function in preterm lambs.

PMID- 3840531
TI  - Tubulin and benzimidazole-resistance in Trichostrongylus colubriformis
      (Nematoda).
AB  - Benzimidazole treatment produced greater effects on microtubule-dependent
      acetylcholinesterase secretion, the presence of microtubules in intestinal cells,
      and colchicine binding in susceptible compared with benzimidazole-resistant
      Trichostrongylus colubriformis. In addition, the binding of benzimidazoles was
      markedly reduced in preparations from the latter strain, indicating that the
      mechanism of resistance to benzimidazoles in this nematode involves a reduced
      affinity of tubulin for benzimidazoles.

PMID- 3840532
TI  - Sperm and ova as property.
AB  - To whom do sperm and ova belong? Few tissues are produced by the human body with
      more waste than the germ cells. Yet dominion over the germ cells, and over the
      early embryo that results from their union in vitro, is behind much of the
      emotion that modern reproductive intervention can engender. The germ cells differ
      from other human tissues that can be donated or transplanted because they carry
      readily utilizable genetic information. Eventual expression of the germ cells'
      genetic potential is the legitimate concern and responsibility of their donors,
      although in the right circumstances the responsibility can by agreement be
      entrusted to institutions administering gamete or embryo donor programmes; these
      institutions, in turn, may need to assume responsibility for decisions if, in the
      case of embryo storage, the wishes of the two donors conflict. The fact of sperm
      and ovum ownership (and the genetic potential that goes with it) before
      individuals part with these tissues is beyond dispute. Some contentious issues
      may be clarified if this area of human dominion, namely control over genetic
      expression among offspring, is acknowledged to be the legitimate persisting
      concern of those who have produced sperm and ova after storage commences.

PMID- 3840533
TI  - Effect of cobalt on biliary excretion of bilirubin and glutathione.
AB  - Adult male rats received cobaltous chloride (250 mumol/kg, sc) at various times
      (1-72 h) prior to assessment of hepatic heme oxygenase activity, bile flow,
      biliary concentration of bilirubin-glucuronides, and hepatic and biliary
      glutathione concentrations. Hepatic heme oxygenase activity increased 360% 24 h
      after treatment but returned to control levels by 72 h. Total biliary
      concentrations of the mono- and diglucuronides of bilirubin (BMG and BDG) were
      increased 47% at 24 h and returned to control levels more slowly than did heme
      oxygenase. Bile flow was not significantly changed at any time. Concentrations of
      hepatic reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) tended to increase after
      cobalt, but changes were not statistically significant. Biliary GSH and GSSG
      increased 1 h after cobalt treatment and were twice control values 3 h after
      treatment. These biliary glutathione concentrations declined to the control range
      by 6 h. These results demonstrate that increased liver heme oxygenase activity
      following cobalt treatment may be associated with elevated biliary excretion of
      bilirubin glucuronides. However, changes that occurred in biliary excretion of
      glutathione in response to cobalt treatment were not accompanied by parallel
      changes in hepatic glutathione levels.

PMID- 3840534
TI  - Modulation of immunoactive levels of DSIP and blood-brain permeability by
      lighting and diurnal rhythm.
AB  - The brain and plasma levels of immunoactive delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP)
      as well as the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to radioiodinated N
      Tyr-DSIP (125I-DSIP) were measured at 0400, 0800, 1200, 1600, 2000, and 2400 hr
      in rats in a normal 12-hr-light/12-hr-dark cycle and at 0800 in rats in constant
      light or constant dark. Both brain and blood levels of immunoactivity showed
      statistically significant diurnal changes, whereas the measurement of BBB
      permeability varied in a regular fashion over time without the changes reaching
      statistical significance. Immunoactive levels of DSIP in both the plasma and the
      brain were higher and permeability of the BBB to 125I-DSIP increased in both the
      constant light and especially the constant dark groups in comparison with the
      cycled 0800 group. Diurnal variations continued to occur in the blood levels of
      immunoactive DSIP in the constant dark animals. Studies with radioiodinated serum
      albumin (RISA) showed that these findings did not result from a change in brain
      hemodynamics. Immunoactive levels of DSIP in the plasma correlated with brain
      immunoactive levels and with BBB permeability to 125I-DSIP. The increase in
      penetration of 125I-DSIP into the brain that occurred with changes in the
      lighting cycle appeared to be magnified by pre-treatment with aluminum. The
      results show interrelationships among various aspects of the neuroendocrine axis
      for DSIP and their modulation by physiological factors.

PMID- 3840535
TI  - Potentiation of the anthelmintic activity of oxfendazole by parbendazole.
AB  - The ability of parbendazole (PBZ) to potentiate co-administered oxfendazole (OFZ)
      was investigated. Administration of a range (1.35-36.0 mg/kg) of doses of PBZ
      with 4.53 mg OFZ/kg demonstrated that significant potentiation occurred at 4.5 mg
      PBZ/kg. At 4.5 mg PBZ/kg, the area under the plasma OFZ concentration curve was
      about twice that obtained from oral administration of OFZ alone. When tested
      against benzimidazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus
      colubriformis, the mixture of 4.5 mg PBZ + 4.53 mg OFZ/kg was significantly more
      effective than 4.53 mg OFZ/kg alone, and PBZ alone showed no activity against
      these resistant nematodes. The demonstration of PBZ-OFZ potentiation has
      indicated a means of obtaining a more effective use of currently available
      anthelmintics in the treatment of helminthiasis.

PMID- 3840536
TI  - Conformational changes in Newcastle disease virus fusion glycoprotein during
      intracellular transport.
AB  - The migration on polyacrylamide gels of nascent (pulse-labeled) and more
      processed (pulse-labeled and then chased) forms of nonreduced Newcastle disease
      virus fusion glycoprotein were compared. Results are presented which demonstrate
      that pulse-labeled fusion protein, which has an apparent molecular weight of
      66,000 under reducing conditions (Collins et al., J. Virol. 28: 324-336),
      migrated with an apparent molecular weight of 57,000 under nonreducing
      conditions. This form of the Newcastle disease virus fusion protein has not been
      previously detected. This result suggests that the nascent fusion protein has
      extensive intramolecular disulfide bonds which, if intact, significantly alter
      the migration of the protein on gels. Furthermore, upon a nonradioactive chase,
      the migration of the fusion protein in polyacrylamide gels changed from the
      57,000-molecular-weight species to the previously characterized nonreduced form
      of the fusion protein (molecular weight, 64,000). Evidence is presented that this
      change in migration on polyacrylamide gels is due to a conformational change in
      the molecule which is likely due to the disruption of some intramolecular
      disulfide bonds: Cleveland peptide analysis of the pulse-labeled nonreduced
      fusion protein (molecular weight, 57,000) yielded a pattern of polypeptides quite
      different from that obtained from the more processed form of the fusion protein
      (molecular weight, 64,000). However, the pattern of polypeptides obtained from
      the nonreduced 64,000-molecular-weight species was quite similar to that obtained
      from the fully reduced nascent protein (molecular weight, 66,000). This
      conformational change occurred before cleavage of the molecule. To determine the
      cell compartment in which the conformational change occurs, use was made of
      inhibitors which block glycoprotein migration at specific points. Monensin
      allowed the appearance of the 64,000-molecular-weight form of the fusion protein,
      whereas carboxyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazine blocked the appearance of the
      64,000-molecular-weight form of the fusion protein. Thus, the fusion protein
      undergoes a conformational change as it moves between the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum and the medial Golgi membranes.

PMID- 3840538
TI  - Treatment of interstitial cystitis with the neodymium-YAG laser.
AB  - Five patients with severe interstitial cystitis that had not responded to
      conventional means of therapy were treated with the neodymium-YAG laser. Of the 5
      patients 4 demonstrated cessation of severe bladder pain and frequency of
      urination within several days after therapy. These patients also were studied
      objectively by measuring bladder capacity, which was found to be increased over
      all. Complication rates from this modality of therapy were extremely low. The
      patients have been followed for 3 to 15 months after treatment and to date have
      had no recurrent symptoms of severe interstitial cystitis, although some have had
      mild recurrent voiding symptoms.

PMID- 3840537
TI  - Characterization of the influenza virus M2 integral membrane protein and
      expression at the infected-cell surface from cloned cDNA.
AB  - An investigation of properties of the influenza A virus M2 protein indicated that
      it is synthesized by 2 h postinfection together with other viral polypeptides and
      is transported to the infected-cell surface with a half-time of approximately 30
      to 40 min. The available evidence suggests that M2 is not N-glycosylated even
      though it contains a potential glycosylation site, and the intracellular pattern
      of protein distribution includes localization to the Golgi apparatus. Proteolysis
      of intracellular microsome vesicles followed by immunoprecipitation with
      antiserum to a synthetic oligopeptide indicated that the M2 protein contains an
      extensive region of COOH-terminal amino acids exposed on the cytoplasmic side of
      the infected-cell membrane. A cDNA clone of the M2 mRNA was obtained and
      expressed in an SV40 recombinant vector. The M2 protein expressed by the vector
      became associated with the Golgi complex and was found on the surface of vector
      infected cells. M2 is antigenically conserved among all strains of influenza
      virus both in regions exposed on the cell surface and intracellularly.

PMID- 3840539
TI  - The use of neodymium-YAG lasers in urology: indications, technique and critical
      assessment.
AB  - After development and experimental approval of suitable equipment for endoscopic
      and external use, the neodymium-YAG laser has been used routinely to treat tumors
      of the bladder and external genitalia in our department. A 2-year followup of 60
      patients revealed a significant decrease in local bladder tumor recurrence (5 per
      cent). Successful laser therapy also was applied in cases of stage T1/T2 penile
      carcinomas, female urethral carcinomas and condylomata acuminata. Laser
      application offers an additional useful therapeutic procedure in the treatment of
      urological malignancies.

PMID- 3840540
TI  - EQUIL2: a BASIC computer program for the calculation of urinary saturation.
AB  - A BASIC computer program for the calculation of urinary supersaturation with
      respect to the common kidney stone components is described. In vitro and in vivo
      tests show that the program described accurately calculates supersaturation. The
      application of this computer program to urolithiasis research is discussed.

PMID- 3840541
TI  - [Present state of the multidisciplinary treatment of locoregionally advanced
      breast cancer].
AB  - Recent intensive combined chemotherapy regimen including adriamycin is very
      effective in objective regression in locoregional and distant metastatic lesions
      of breast cancer. This report analyses our results in treating stage III b and IV
      breast cancer patients by a series of treatment, namely, intensive induction
      therapy, subsequent mastectomy and radiotherapy, and maintenance systemic
      therapies such as chemical, hormonal and/or immunotherapy. And the results about
      similar combined treatment program in the recent reports are also discussed. This
      kind of multidisciplinary treatment for the patient with locoregionally advanced
      breast cancer (stage III b) can be expected to improve long-term results.

PMID- 3840543
TI  - [Image processing technics--the focus on software. 3. Standardization in medical
      imaging].

PMID- 3840542
TI  - [Multidisciplinary treatment of choriocarcinoma].
AB  - The remarkable improvement has been recently made in the treatment of
      choriocarcinoma, about 80% of survival rate has been achieved. This improvement
      was acquired according to appearance and betterment on administration method of
      MTX and ACTG, surgical treatment for pulmonary and cerebral metastases and
      irradiation for cerebral metastases. Recent died cases were analysed and divided
      into two groups; one group consisted of recurrent cases and the other consisted
      of those who, at first showed good response to therapy resulted in drop of hCG
      value and reduction of tumor, however, then showed gradual reincrease of hCG and
      expired at latt. Therefore for achieving the 0% of mortality rate, it is a
      important subject to exterminate the death from recurrence and clarify more
      aggressive treatment method at the time when reduction of the tumor is obtained.

PMID- 3840544
TI  - [Morphological investigation of vaginal rest (remnant of vagina) in patients with
      hypospadias and male hermaphrodism].

PMID- 3840545
TI  - [Myocardial infarct in a patient with thyrotoxicosis].

PMID- 3840546
TI  - Software simulation of the EEG.
AB  - The literature contains many examples of digital procedures for the analytical
      treatment of electroencephalograms, but there is as yet no standard by which
      those techniques may be judged or compared. This paper proposes one method of
      generating an EEG, based on a computer program for Zetterberg's simulation. It is
      assumed that the statistical properties of an EEG may be represented by
      stationary processes having rational transfer functions and achieved by a system
      of software filters and random number generators. The model represents neither
      the neurological mechanism response for generating the EEG, nor any particular
      type of EEG record; transient phenomena such as spikes, sharp waves and alpha
      bursts also are excluded. The basis of the program is a valid 'partial'
      statistical description of the EEG; that description is then used to produce a
      digital representation of a signal which, if plotted sequentially, might or might
      not by chance resemble an EEG, that is unimportant. What is important is that the
      statistical properties of the series remain those of a real EEG; it is in this
      sense that the output is a simulation of the EEG. There is considerable
      flexibility in the form of the output, i.e. its alpha, beta and delta content,
      which may be selected by the user, the same selected parameters always producing
      the same statistical output. The filtered outputs from the random number
      sequences may be scaled to provide realistic power distributions in the accepted
      EEG frequency bands and then summed to create a digital output signal, the
      'stationary EEG'.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3840547
TI  - Analysis of radioligand binding experiments. A collection of computer programs
      for the IBM PC.
AB  - It is now well accepted that graphic methods are a poor choice of analytical
      technique for analyzing radioligand binding data given the complexity of some
      radioligand-binding sites interactions; this is true not only for studies
      performed at equilibrium but also for those examining kinetic properties of the
      radioligand. As a consequence the computer plays an important role in all forms
      of radioligand binding experiments because it reduces the labor-intensive
      calculations associated with such experiments and it allows the use of more
      appropriate weighted nonlinear curve-fitting techniques that more accurately
      describe the radioligand-binding site interaction. This paper describes a
      collection of four programs (KINETIC, EBDA, LIGAND, and LOWRY) that can be used
      to analyze most forms of radioligand binding experiments. The programs have been
      adapted for use on an IBM PC, which is a popular, inexpensive microcomputer and
      which is well suited to the analysis of radioligand binding data.

PMID- 3840548
TI  - Thyroiditis.
AB  - In summary thyroiditis runs a complete spectrum of diseases, from the potentially
      life-threatening to the indolent, from hyperthyroidism to hypothyroidism, from
      localized to diffuse disease. Because many features are shared by several
      different forms of thyroiditis, the clinical picture may be confusing.
      Overlapping hyperthyroid syndromes add complexity. Nevertheless, by careful
      evaluation and judicious testing, the correct diagnosis and therapy can be
      established.

PMID- 3840549
TI  - Immunologic factors in thyroid disease.
AB  - The role of immunologic reactions against orbital-specific and orbital-thyroid
      antigens in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disorders and Graves'
      ophthalmopathy is discussed. Possible mechanisms for the association of
      ophthalmopathy and autoimmune thyroid disorders is discussed in relation to the
      role of autoantibodies against eye muscle antigens.

PMID- 3840550
TI  - Methods for studying drug effects on superficial human veins.
AB  - Direct effects of vasoactive substances on superficial human veins in vivo can be
      investigated by measuring changes in the diameter of a superficial vein at a
      standardized congestion pressure which reflect changes in venous tone before and
      after local infusion of the drugs. The diameter of a superficial hand vein is
      measured with the aid of a linear variable differential transformer mounted
      directly on the back of the hand. The central core of the transformer positioned
      over the summit of the vein moves simultaneously with changes in venous diameter
      and allows continuous recording of these alterations. A series of ergot alkaloids
      were investigated with this technique and found to elicit a direct constrictor
      action when infused locally. Studies on the mode of action of the venoconstrictor
      effects of ergot alkaloids suggest that they are mediated by stimulation of alpha
      and 5-HT-receptors. Similarly, guanfacine, a centrally-acting antihypertensive
      drug, reduces venous compliance after direct local administration as a result of
      alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation. The venodilator effect of isoprenaline can be
      shown in veins preconstricted with noradrenaline, whereas with nitroglycerine,
      venodilatation is observed by local infusions in veins not preconstricted. This
      method is therefore useful for studying the direct effects of venoconstrictor and
      venodilator drugs in man. The technique can also be used to study interactions
      between different agents and thus to investigate the mode of action of drugs.
      Drugs can be infused locally at doses which do not elicit systemic effects.

PMID- 3840551
TI  - Design of initial dosage regimen using a programmable calculator.
AB  - A programmable calculator procedure for the determination of dosage regimens to
      achieve desired steady state concentrations is described. The dosage regimen
      prediction is based on data from the literature on pharmacokinetic parameters of
      drugs and correction factors specific for the patient's condition, such as renal
      failure, geriatric patient and congestive heart failure. The program is designed
      to generate dosage regimens based on desired steady state trough level, desired
      steady state peak level, desired mean steady state level, or to fluctuate between
      desired steady state peak and trough levels. The program can be used for I.V. and
      extravascular route of administration. A detailed program description and user
      instructions are presented and illustrated by three examples.

PMID- 3840552
TI  - [Replacement of the rectal ampulla].
AB  - In ulcerative colitis, polyposis coli, deep seated cancer and other diseases of
      the rectum the bowel continuity can be restored without loss of continence,
      despite the removal of the entire ampulla recti. After proctocolectomy and
      ileoanostomy the loss of the natural receptaculum is compensated through the
      positioning of an ileal pouch. After total resection of the rectum and coloanal
      anostomosis the excised ampulla is replaced with acceptable functional results by
      the mobilised left colon.

PMID- 3840553
TI  - [Pathophysiology and morbidity of paralytic ileus (including peritonitis)].
AB  - Main complication of different diseases is the paralytic ileus. The basis of all
      pathophysiological mechanisms is a decrease of the immune deficiency in the
      intestinal wall. At first the intestinal water-, electrolyte- and protein
      metabolism is disturbed. Secondly we can measure an endotoxinemia and a
      bacteriemia with all complications. In the end a complete septic shock and an
      insufficiency of the organ "gut" can be observed. The patients die - in absence
      of treatment - because of intraabdominal sepsis and peritonitis.

PMID- 3840554
TI  - [Value of preoperative nuclear medicine diagnosis in hyperthyroidism and thyroid
      cancer].
AB  - The optimal diagnostic procedure before surgery in thyrotoxicosis and thyroid
      malignancies is a combination of scintigraphy, sonography and fine-needle
      aspiration biopsy. In diffuse toxic goiters the differentiation of immunogenic
      and non immunogenic thyrotoxicosis is predominant. In toxic nodular goiters the
      sonographic localisation in relation to the thyroid capsule is necessary to
      prevent recurrent autonomies. Malignomas should be subclassified (fine-needle
      aspiration biopsy, calcitonin) to differentiate between carcinomas with necessary
      aggressive or conservative surgical treatment. After thyroidectomy in
      differentiated carcinomas a high I-131-uptake requires once more surgical
      resection to decrease radiation exposure during I-131-therapy.

PMID- 3840555
TI  - [Indications for conservative and operative therapy of thyroid autonomy and
      Basedow hyperthyroidism from the internal medicine viewpoint].
AB  - The risk of recurrent hyperthyroidism can be eliminated indefinitely in patients
      with autonomously functioning thyroid tissue (AFTT) by selective surgery or
      radioiodine, whereas medical treatment inhibits only the actual thyroid hormone
      over-production. Therefore, AFTT should be removed. In immunogenic
      hyperthyroidism the natural history of the disease can be influenced only
      symptomatically. The relapse rate after medical treatment is more than 50%. After
      surgical or radioactive therapy long-term remission of hyperthyroidism, not of
      the underlying thyroid disease can be achieved more effectively. Therefore
      surgical treatment should be preferred.

PMID- 3840556
TI  - [Operative strategy in thyroid autonomy and Basedow hyperthyroidism].
AB  - The different extra- and intrathyroid origin of hyperthyroidism, the advantages
      of the surgical procedure and the criteria for the extent of thyroid resection
      determine the operative tactics. For both forms of hyperthyroidism we recommend a
      rather extended resection of the diseased thyroid gland in order to prevent
      recurrent hyperthyroidism and recurrent thyroid growth as well. These recurrences
      require subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease, monolateral partial lobectomy
      for a so-called toxic adenoma and bilateral partial lobectomy for toxic multi
      nodular goiters. With these procedures lesions of the recurrent nerves and
      parathyroid glands can be prevented.

PMID- 3840557
TI  - [Nonocclusive ischemic enteropathy--a rare cause of ileus].
AB  - The cause for a nonocclusive ischemic enteropathy seems to be a low cardiac
      output syndrome. There are often signs of a paralytic intestinal obstruction.
      Parameters of the blood chemistry offer no conclusive data. The angiogram of the
      mesenteric vessels demonstrates extensive arterial vasoconstriction as well as an
      obstructed venous outflow. Experimental findings disclose that this venous
      obstruction may be a result of an ischemic contracture in the course of a low
      flow state. This rigor initiates finally a thrombosis of the venoles. The rigor
      can be effectually mastered by energy-rich compounds.

PMID- 3840558
TI  - [Diagnosis of ileus using oral gastrografin].
AB  - Throughout the years 1970-1983 571 patients were treated for ileus. Oral
      gastrografin was performed in 169 patients. This method provides definite
      differentiation between mechanical and functional obstruction. In patients with
      adhesions and recurrent incomplete obstruction, further laparotomies may be
      avoided in this way.

PMID- 3840559
TI  - In vitro histamine H2-antagonist activity of the novel compound HUK 978.
AB  - Histamine stimulated adenylate cyclase from guinea-pig fundic mucosa and 3H
      tiotidine binding in guinea-pig cerebral cortex were used to assess the in-vitro
      histamine H2-activity of the novel H2-antagonist HUK 978. The results showed that
      HUK 978 was a more potent H2-antagonist than either cimetidine or ranitidine. HUK
      978 was also shown to be devoid of activity at the histamine H1-receptor, the
      muscarinic receptor and the alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors.

PMID- 3840560
TI  - Anti-secretory activity of the novel H2-antagonist, HUK 978, in rat, guinea-pig
      and dog.
AB  - The anti-secretory activity of the competitive H2-antagonist HUK 978 was
      determined in rat, guinea-pig and dog. In all systems examined, HUK 978 was more
      potent than cimetidine and ranitidine both intravenously and orally. In addition,
      the compound at approximately equipotent doses as these established H2
      antagonists exhibited a significantly longer inhibitory profile following oral
      and systemic administration. Data from these pharmacological studies and the in
      vitro investigations previously reported, suggest that HUK 978 is a highly
      specific H2-antagonist and inhibits acid secretion for longer periods than other
      competitive compounds.

PMID- 3840561
TI  - Protein thiophosphorylation associated with secretory inhibition in permeabilized
      chromaffin cells.
AB  - Permeabilized cells treated with the adenosine triphosphate analog,
      [35S]adenosine-5'-0-(3-thiotriphosphate) ([gamma-35S]ATP), showed
      thiophosphorylation of a small number of cellular proteins. A 54 kilodalton (kDa)
      protein was heavily thiophosphorylated in unstimulated control cells and a 43
      kilodalton protein was more heavily thiophosphorylated in calcium stimulated
      cells. Intact cells incorporated 35S into a series of higher molecular weight
      proteins. Stimulation of prelabelled, permeabilized cells resulted in a loss of
      35S from the cells over a 20 min period. Treatment of permeabilized cells with
      ATP gamma S inhibited secretion and 35S incorporation into the cells.
      Pretreatment with ATP gamma S resulted in subsequent inhibition of both secretion
      and the ability of the cells to incorporate 35S from [gamma-35S]ATP. These
      results indicate that the sites normally available for phosphorylation were
      inactivated by thiophosphorylation and were unavailable to participate in the
      secretory process. The inhibition of secretion associated with
      thiophosphorylation of these proteins suggests that they may play a role in the
      control of secretion by chromaffin cells.

PMID- 3840562
TI  - [Use of radiological models for calculating the isoeffective doses of normal
      tissue tolerance].
AB  - The potentialities of a two-component radiobiological model and empirical
      formulas were compared for the calculation of isoeffective tolerant doses in
      fractionated irradiation of the spinal marrow. The radiobiological model was
      shown to give more realistic isoeffective tolerant doses than the calculation
      using the empirical formulas.

PMID- 3840563
TI  - [Dispensary care for the population and automated information systems].

PMID- 3840564
TI  - [Increase in tumor radiosensitivity by multiple changes in illumination schedules
      for animals].

PMID- 3840565
TI  - A controlled study of the effects of thyrotoxicosis and propranolol treatment on
      mineral metabolism and parathyroid hormone immunoreactivity.
AB  - We studied mineral metabolism in 15 thyrotoxic patients and 15 controls matched
      for sex, age, and weight. Thyrotoxic subjects showed significantly higher serum
      calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and globulin and lower serum
      creatinine, magnesium, and albumin. Parathyroid hormone immunoreactivity (iPTH)
      was measured with three different antisera. Thyrotoxic patients showed markedly
      reduced iPTH values in the most sensitive assay, a midregion-specific assay based
      on homologous antiserum BG-6. Antiserum 211/32 gave slightly reduced iPTH values,
      but antiserum NG-1 gave values that were increased by 65%. The limited
      sensitivity of these later two antisera, like that of others used earlier for
      such studies, may have blunted the apparent fall in iPTH (antiserum 211/32) or
      predisposed the assay to a systematic artifact (antiserum NG-1). These results
      show that for use in the evaluation of hypercalcemia in thyrotoxic patients, a
      PTH assay must first be characterized as to the expected result in uncomplicated
      thyrotoxicosis. Twelve of the thyrotoxic subjects entered a random order cross
      over study in which propranolol and placebo were given in double-masked fashion
      for 6 consecutive days each. Overall, the drug did not alter calcium, phosphate,
      or magnesium metabolism. It lowered serum calcium only in two overtly
      hypercalcemic subjects, whose urinary calcium excretion did not decline. These
      results confirm that propranolol may reduce elevated serum calcium levels in
      thyrotoxicosis and suggest that in this setting the drug may have a direct or
      indirect effect on renal calcium metabolism.

PMID- 3840566
TI  - Review of available Aboriginal mortality data, 1980-1982.
AB  - An analysis of the available population and death data confirms that the level of
      Aboriginal mortality is significantly higher than that of the total Australian
      population. The mortality of Aborigines in the Kimberley region of Western
      Australia in 1980-1982 was twice that of the total Australian population in 1981;
      for the Northern Territory, and for 14 Queensland and five South Australian
      Aboriginal communities the level was 3-31/2 times higher. In 1980-1981,
      Aboriginal mortality in country regions of New South Wales was 41/2 times the
      1981 Australian total population level. In 1980-1982, specific indices of
      Aboriginal fetal and infant mortality in these regions and for Western Australia
      (excluding the Kimberley region) were generally at least 2-4 times those of non
      Aboriginal Australians, and up to 7 times higher for deaths occurring after the
      neonatal period.

PMID- 3840567
TI  - An analysis of aboriginal mortality in NSW country regions, 1980-1981.
AB  - The total number of Aboriginal deaths occurring in selected country regions of
      New South Wales in 1980 and 1981 has been estimated, based on the deaths reported
      by Aboriginal health workers and those identified on the newly modified Form of
      Notification of Death. Aboriginal mortality was more than four times that of the
      total NSW population, with young and middle-aged adults having death rates up to
      12 times higher. The Aboriginal expectation of life at birth was estimated at 48
      years for men and 57 years for women. The principal causes of death were diseases
      of the circulatory system and injuries. The effect of alcohol appeared to be
      substantial, particularly in the 35-44 year age group.

PMID- 3840568
TI  - Intraspinal morphine for postoperative analgesia.

PMID- 3840569
TI  - Jod-Basedow hyperthyroidism with unusual clinical manifestations.

PMID- 3840570
TI  - Effects of isaxonine on skeletal muscle reinnervation in the rat: an
      electrophysiologic evaluation.
AB  - Electrophysiologic detection of the first signs of gastrocnemius muscle
      reinnervation shows that after a single localized freezing of the rat sciatic
      nerve, isaxonine does not significantly increase the rate of axonal regeneration.
      However, this drug does significantly enhance axonal sprouting, as it induces an
      increase of 50% in the number of muscle fibers with multiple innervation 10-30
      days after freezing. After 30 days, the proportion of multiinnervated fibers
      decreases in both the control and isaxonine-treated rats, and the differences
      between them gradually disappear.

PMID- 3840571
TI  - Trypanosomes of subgenus Trypanozoon are diploid for housekeeping genes.
AB  - The ploidy of trypanosomes has until now remained undetermined, although
      isoenzyme studies and direct measurements of DNA content and complexity suggest
      diploidy. Direct cytogenetic analysis is not possible, because the chromosomes do
      not condense at any stage of the cell cycle. We now present evidence from
      analysis of restriction site polymorphisms in and around three glycolytic enzyme
      genes (phosphoglycerate kinase, triosephosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde
      phosphate dehydrogenase) and the tubulin gene cluster, that trypanosomes of
      subgenus Trypanozoon are diploid for these housekeeping genes. This result is
      still compatible with the single copy nature of variant surface glycoprotein
      (VSG) genes in Trypanozoon, if different VSG genes are present in corresponding
      positions on paired chromosomes. Using pulse field gradient gel electrophoresis,
      we show that the genes for the three glycolytic enzymes are all located in very
      large DNA molecules, but the gene for triosephosphate isomerase is in another
      fraction from the genes for the other two enzymes. Since all three enzymes are
      located in glycosomes, which are trypanosome microbodies, the genes for
      glycosomal enzymes are not all clustered in one chromosomal segment of the
      trypanosome genome.

PMID- 3840572
TI  - Tight regulation of circulating 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in black children.

PMID- 3840573
TI  - AIDS. US law delays drug testing.

PMID- 3840574
TI  - Expression of N-myc in teratocarcinoma stem cells and mouse embryos.
AB  - The N-myc gene, which is distantly related to the proto-oncogene c-myc, was first
      detected as an amplified sequence in human neuroblastoma cell lines and tumours.
      It has since been revealed that there is up to a 300-fold amplification of N-myc
      DNA in almost 50% of advanced metastatic human neuroblastomas, whereas
      amplification is not detected in less advanced tumours that have a better
      prognosis (ref.3 and M.S., unpublished data). Although expression of N-myc is
      detectable in all neuroblastoma cell lines and tumours examined, its level is
      greatly enhanced when the N-myc gene is amplified. Recently, it has been shown
      that on co-transfection with the c-Ha-ras (EJ) gene, N-myc can induce the
      malignant transformation of rat embryo fibroblasts. Taken together, these data
      imply a function for N-myc in the development and/or progression of human
      neuroblastomas. Surveys indicate that N-myc also may be amplified and/or
      expressed in two other types of human tumours and cell lines derived from them:
      retinoblastomas and small cell lung cancers. Here, we report that N-myc is
      expressed at high levels in mouse and human teratocarcinoma stem cells, thus
      identifying another tumour cell type that expresses the N-myc gene. In addition,
      we found that N-myc is abundantly expressed in mouse embryos at mid-gestation and
      that its expression appears to decrease as the embryo approaches term. In the
      adult mouse, N-myc is expressed at an approximately fivefold lower level in the
      brain than in teratocarcinoma stem cells and embryos, and at even lower levels in
      the adult testis and kidney. Our data represent the first demonstration of
      expression of the N-myc gene in normal cells, and suggest that N-myc may be
      involved in mammalian embryogenesis.

PMID- 3840575
TI  - Lack of relation between secondary hyperparathyroidism and red blood cell osmotic
      fragility in chronic renal failure.
AB  - The possible relationship between red blood cell (RBC) osmotic fragility and
      secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in chronic renal failure was examined in 23
      uremic patients on conservative therapy and in 42 patients on maintenance
      hemodialysis. Secondary HPT was evaluated by means of serum biochemistry
      (parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase) and
      radiographic examinations (X-ray films of the hand skeleton). This study showed
      increased RBC osmotic fragility in uremic patients when compared with controls,
      with no difference between those on conservative therapy and those on maintenance
      hemodialysis. No correlation between RBC osmotic fragility and the hematochemical
      changes associated with secondary HPT was found. No difference in RBC osmotic
      fragility was observed with regard to the activity (alkaline phosphatase) and the
      severity (X-ray findings) of secondary HPT. Effective treatment of secondary HPT
      by either pharmacological means (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) or surgical
      removal was not associated with consequent improvement in RBC osmotic fragility.
      It is concluded that secondary HPT is probably not a major factor influencing RBC
      osmotic fragility in chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3840576
TI  - Minerals and bone-modulating hormones in children on continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Peritoneal fluxes of minerals and bone-modulating hormones and their impact on
      corresponding serum levels and bone mineralization in 7 children on continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were studied. Most mass transfer studies
      revealed modest losses of calcium into peritoneal effluents. Peritoneal losses of
      phosphorus and magnesium, although substantial, were not sufficient to normalize
      hyperphosphatemia and hypermagnesemia in most patients. Parathormone and vitamin
      D metabolites (25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) were readily
      detectable in peritoneal effluents. Improved bone mineral content, by sequential
      densitometries, was associated with amelioration of hyperparathyroidism. These
      data suggest that CAPD in children induces an overall improvement of disturbed
      mineral metabolism; nevertheless, peritoneal losses of calcium and vitamin D
      metabolites must be considered and replenished appropriately.

PMID- 3840577
TI  - Assessment of learning abilities using complex experimental learning tasks.
AB  - Efforts are underway to develop a computerized methodology for the reliable,
      valid measurement of learning abilities. Central to these research efforts are
      the development of Complex Experimental Learning Tasks (CELTs) that provide real
      time samples of learning. Objectives of current studies are the determination of
      relationships between performance on CELTs and performance on traditional
      cognitive abilities tests and the exploration of predictive value of measures of
      learning ability for academic performance. After construct and predictive
      validity are established, this methodology may be applicable to a wide range of
      assessment situations, including testing for the effects of environmental
      toxicants on learning abilities.

PMID- 3840578
TI  - PEARL II: portable laboratory computer system for psychophysiological assessment
      using event related brain potentials.
AB  - The PEARL II portable laboratory computer integrates hardware and software to
      serve as an on-line, realtime, experimental control and data acquisition system.
      Although the system can be used in many areas of research, PEARL II development
      has emphasized investigation of physiological responses from human subjects
      performing complex experimental tasks. PEARL functions as a "turn-key" system
      which performs standard neurological tests that would be employed, for example in
      neurotoxicological assessment. The PEARL system also includes several
      psychophysiological tests used in human engineering research on performance
      workload assessment. PEARL can also serve as a tool in basic research on human
      psychophysiology. The special feature of the PEARL test battery is its
      suitability for the measurements of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in
      these tasks, although other physiological indices such as heart rate may be
      monitored. In addition, the PEARL system includes a versatile library of
      laboratory control subroutines that can be used to develop new applications.

PMID- 3840579
TI  - The Walter Reed performance assessment battery.
AB  - This paper describes technical details of a computerized psychological test
      battery designed for examining the effects of various state-variables on a
      representative sample of normal psychomotor, perceptual and cognitive tasks. The
      duration, number and type of tasks can be customized to different experimental
      needs, and then administered and analyzed automatically, at intervals as short as
      one hour. The battery can be run on either the Apple-II family of computers or on
      machines compatible with the IBM-PC.

PMID- 3840580
TI  - [Relief of experimental cerebral vasospasm by the intrathecal administration of a
      calcium antagonist (diltiazem)--in comparison with intra-arterial
      administration].
AB  - The effect of an intra-arterial administration of diltiazem on experimental
      cerebral vasospasm was previously reported by us. In the present study, the
      effect of diltiazem on cerebral vasospasm, intracranial pressure and systemic
      blood pressure were investigated using dogs. Cerebral vasospasm was induced by an
      injection of 5 ml of autologous blood into the cisterna magna. Diltiazem (10(-6)
      M) was administrated into the cisterna magna and the dilating effect of the drug
      on the basilar artery was monitored angiographically. The intrathecal
      administration of diltiazem relieved the vasospasm for more than 30 minutes, same
      as that of the intra-arterial administration. However, the intracranial and blood
      pressures remained unchanged. The changes of concentration of the drug in CSF and
      plasma following the intracisternal administration of 14C-diltiazem were measured
      using rabbits. The concentration of an administered diltiazem in CSF and plasma
      was quickly decreased and reduced to 2% of its initial value after one hour (t1/2
      = 8 min). Our results show that even the concentration of diltiazem is very low
      in CSF, the vasodilating effect continues for more than 30 min. This suggests
      that the intrathecal administration of diltiazem may be useful for the prevention
      and treatment of the cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage.

PMID- 3840581
TI  - Pathophysiology of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple
      organ failure (MOF)--a hypothesis.
AB  - A review of the recent literature concerning the Adult Respiratory Distress
      Syndrome (ARDS) and Multiple Organ Failure (MOF) is presented. We hypothesize
      that the two syndromes probably have a common pathophysiology, with ARDS as the
      first occurring organ failure. The clinical situations that may cause ARDS and
      MOF are characterized by massive and prolonged activation of the complement
      system. This results in activation of granulocytes with ensuing release of
      lysosomal enzymes, toxic oxygen products and prostaglandins, which collectively
      cause endothelial damage and permeability changes. In the lungs interstitial and
      alveolar edema develops, with an impaired alveolo-capillary gas exchange. Oxygen
      diffusion in the peripheral tissues is impeded by the same mechanism, ultimately
      resulting in organ failure. Hypoxia may cause additional microvascular lesions,
      as toxic oxygen radicals are produced during reoxygenation. The implications of
      this hypothesis for the prevention and therapy of ARDS and MOF are discussed.

PMID- 3840582
TI  - Efferent connections of the claustrum to the posterior thalamic and pretectal
      region in the rat.
AB  - Injection of the fluorescent retrograde tracers Fast Blue and Diamidino Yellow in
      the posterior thalamic and anterior pretectal region of rats resulted in
      significant retrograde neuronal labeling of the ipsilateral claustrum. The
      labeled cell bodies were especially abundant in the central third of the
      claustrum, while the rostral and caudal portions of the nucleus contained only
      few fluorescing cells. Thus, in addition to the major reciprocal connections of
      the claustrum with the cerebral cortex, a substantial number of claustral neurons
      project to the posterior thalamic and anterior pretectal region. Unlike the
      cortico-claustrocortical loop, this connection appears to be only ipsilateral.

PMID- 3840583
TI  - Pulmonary surfactant release in fetal rabbits as affected by enprofylline.
AB  - At a gestational age of 27.9 days, pregnant rabbits were infused with
      enprofylline, a new xanthine with potent antiasthmatic effects. Following a
      priming dose of 5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg were infused over a 2-h period. Controls
      received Ringer's solution. On completion of the infusion, the fetuses were
      delivered and the effect on their surfactant system was evaluated. Surface
      tension in airway fluid, measured with the pulsating bubble surfactometer, at
      minimal bubble size in the third cycle, was 21.8 +/- 2.2 (mean +/- SE) versus
      28.7 +/- 1.7 mN m-1 (p less than 0.01). Pressure-volume loops of the lungs of the
      fetuses showed that at a deflation pressure 10 cm H2O the volume was 64 +/- 3
      versus 49 +/- 3% (p less than 0.0005). The lung lavage fluid had a phospholipid
      phosphorus content of 41.9 +/- 3.8 versus 18.5 +/- 1.3 micrograms/g dry lung (p
      less than 0.0005). The values indicate that enprofylline caused a release of
      surfactant into the fetal airways.

PMID- 3840584
TI  - Two-site "simultaneous" immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies for the
      determination of surfactant apoproteins in human amniotic fluid.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies against human surfactant apoproteins were prepared, which
      recognized 37, 34, and 62 kilodalton proteins in human lung lavage fluid and
      amniotic fluid. Two-site "simultaneous" immunoassay for the surfactant
      apoproteins was developed using the monoclonal antibodies. The assay was capable
      of measuring 10-640 ng of the apoproteins per ml of human amniotic fluid. The
      immunoassay was used to quantitate the apoproteins in 59 amniotic fluid samples
      from 23 to 41 wk gestation. The concentration of the surfactant apoproteins at
      less than 30 wk gestation was very low (mean 0.84 micrograms/ml). It then
      increased 6.5-fold from 34 to 36 wk gestation and 15.5-fold at more than 37 wk
      gestation. The simultaneous immunoassay with the monoclonal antibodies presented
      herein seems to be ideal for clinical use because of its high specificity,
      sensitivity, rapidity, simplicity, and a continuous unlimited supply of the
      antibodies. The results in this study show that the clinical use of the two-site
      simultaneous immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies to pulmonary surfactant
      apoproteins can predict fetal lung maturity more precisely.

PMID- 3840586
TI  - Etiology of ventricular septal defects: an epidemiologic approach.
AB  - To investigate the recent 150% increase in the reported incidence of ventricular
      septal defects (VSDs) in the United States, the epidemiology of ventricular
      septal defects was examined. The apparent incidence of VSDs is highly dependent
      on case finding methods, and more complete diagnosis and reporting probably
      account for the increase in reported incidence. Variations in case ascertainment
      also account for the small differences in incidence in studies from different
      places. The several known risk factors for VSD, including a family history of
      congenital heart disease and exposure to certain drugs, infectious agents, and
      maternal metabolic disturbances, explain few cases. Incidence rates are similar
      in different races and seasons and are unrelated to maternal age, birth order,
      sex, and socioeconomic status. VSDs occur naturally in a wide range of mammals
      and in birds, which also have four-chambered hearts. Despite identical genes and
      similar prenatal environments, the concordance rate in identical twins is only
      about 10%. The consistency of incidence among individuals with widely differing
      genes and environments and the frequency of discordance in identical twins
      suggest that VSDs often occur as random errors in development, at a frequency
      largely determined by the complexity of normal cardiac morphogenesis. This
      hypothesis has two major implications: many VSDs are not preventable and parents
      need not feel responsible for VSDs in their children.

PMID- 3840585
TI  - The contractility and performance of the preterm left ventricle before and after
      early patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in surfactant-treated lambs.
AB  - The influence of left-right ductal shunting on early hemodynamic responses,
      namely left ventricular performance, contractility, and systemic perfusion was
      evaluated in nine preterm lambs (120 days gestational age) treated with
      surfactant. Blood gases were maintained in the physiological range using
      mechanical ventilation; hemodynamic and blood flow measurements (radionuclide
      labeled microspheres) were obtained before and after occlusion of the patent
      ductus arteriosus with a catheter balloon. The mean left-right ductal shunt
      before occlusion (1.2 h postnatal age) was 59 +/- 11% SD. Left ventricular output
      was increased in all lambs with PDA (pre: 306 +/- 106 versus post: 155 +/- 31
      ml/min/kg; p less than 0.001); effective systemic blood flow and organ blood
      flows did not change. The left ventricle end-diastolic volume was increased in
      all and decreased following ductal occlusion (pre: 2.0 +/- 0.4 versus post: 1.5
      +/- 0.2 ml/kg; p less than 0.01). Cardiac rate, ejection fraction, and
      contractility (peak dP/dt) did not change. Right-left ductal shunting was not
      detected in six similarly treated lambs. Thus, during the 1st h of life the
      hemodynamic profile of preterm lambs with patent ductus arteriosus was
      characterized by large magnitude left-right shunt and a "high" cardiac output
      state sufficient to maintain unchanged systemic perfusion. The increased left
      ventricle output was accomplished by increasing end-diastolic volume (Frank
      Starling mechanism), but left ventricle contractility remained unchanged. We
      speculate that the preterm left ventricle may be unable to sustain the high level
      of pump performance and contractility required to compensate for the ductal
      "steal" of systemic blood flow.

PMID- 3840587
TI  - Nucleotide sequence and genome organization of carnation mottle virus RNA.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequence of carnation mottle genomic RNA (4003
      nucleotides) is presented. The sequence was determined for cloned cDNA copies of
      viral RNA containing over 99% of the sequence and was completed by direct
      sequence analysis of RNA and cDNA transcripts. The sequence contains two long
      open reading frames which together can account for observed translation products.
      One translation product would arise by suppression of an amber termination codon
      and the sequence raises the possibility that a second suppression event could
      also occur. Sequence homology exists between a portion of the carnation mottle
      virus sequence and that of putative RNA polymerases from other RNA viruses.

PMID- 3840588
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a gene from chromosome 1D of wheat encoding a HMW-glutenin
      subunit.
AB  - A high molecular weight glutenin gene in hexaploid wheat has been isolated by
      cloning in bacteriophage lambda and characterized. The gene corresponds to
      polypeptide 12 encoded by chromosome 1D in the variety "Chinese Spring". The
      coding sequence predicted contains seven cysteine residues six of which flank a
      central repetitive region comprising more than 70% of the polypeptide. These
      findings are related to the role of high molecular weight subunits in the
      viscoelastic theory of gluten structure.

PMID- 3840589
TI  - Cloning of eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor genes: isolation and
      characterization of cDNA clones encoding factor eIF-4A.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies directed against rabbit reticulocyte protein synthesis
      initiation factor 4A (eIF-4A) were used to isolate mouse cDNA clones expressing
      eIF-4A protein sequences in E. coli. The identity of cDNA clones encoding eIF-4A
      sequences was confirmed by hybrid-selected translation and peptide mapping of the
      translation product. Analysis of the mRNA coding for eIF-4A from mouse liver and
      HeLa cells by Northern hybridization revealed two discrete mRNA species of
      approximately 2000 and 1600 nucleotides in length. The existence of two mRNAs in
      mouse and HeLa cells encoding eIF-4A was confirmed by cDNA sequencing.

PMID- 3840590
TI  - Mechanism of translational coupling between coat protein and replicase genes of
      RNA bacteriophage MS2.
AB  - We have analyzed the molecular mechanism that makes translation of the MS2
      replicase cistron dependent on the translation of the upstream coat cistron.
      Deletion mapping on cloned cDNA of the phage shows that the ribosomal binding
      site of the replicase cistron is masked by a long distance basepairing to an
      internal coat cistron region. Removal of the internal coat cistron region leads
      to uncoupled replicase synthesis. Our results confirm the model as originally
      proposed by Min Jou et al. (1). Activation of the replicase start is sensitive to
      the frequency of upstream translation, but never reaches the level of uncoupled
      replicase synthesis.

PMID- 3840592
TI  - Intertriginous dermatoses. Common puzzling problems.
AB  - Physical examination of the skin is the most important step in differentiating
      intertriginous dermatoses. Once the eruption is recognized as a primarily
      intertriginous problem, the diagnostic possibilities are comparatively limited.
      Determination of the primary lesion (eg, blister, scale, nodule), together with
      some history and simple diagnostic tests, can usually pinpoint the specific
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3840591
TI  - Study of the expression of myelin proteolipid protein (lipophilin) using a cloned
      complementary DNA.
AB  - We have prepared a lambda gt10 cDNA library with the mRNA isolated from fetal
      calf brains which were actively myelinating. Using two oligonucleotides made
      according to the known amino acid sequence of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP or
      lipophilin), we have isolated several cDNA clones for this major intrinsic
      membrane protein of myelin. One of these clones, designated as pLP1, is found to
      contain 444 bp of coding sequence for the C-terminal half of PLP and 486 bp of 3'
      untranslated sequence. Using pLP1 as a hybridization probe, we have studied the
      regulation of PLP at the mRNA level during rat brain development. Our results
      show that the relative amounts of mRNA for PLP and that for the major extrinsic
      protein of the myelin membrane, myelin basic protein, increase coordinately
      during the course of myelination in the brain.

PMID- 3840593
TI  - Cutaneous features of sexually transmitted diseases. Recognition and treatment.

PMID- 3840594
TI  - Effect of local irradiation on cranial skeletal growth sites in the rat.

PMID- 3840596
TI  - Free radicals and protein degradation in human red blood cells.
AB  - Human red blood cells (RBC) were exposed to oxygen-based free-radicals, and other
      activated oxygen species generated during incubation with xanthine plus xanthine
      oxidase (X+XO). Oxygen-radical exposure induced up to 30 fold increases in human
      RBC protein degradation, compared to 12 fold increases in rabbit RBC protein
      degradation. Protein degradation increased as a function of X+XO, but
      demonstrated saturation kinetics at higher XO concentrations. The presence or
      absence of an energy substrate (glucose) had no effect on protein degradation,
      indicating the possible role of ATP-independent proteinolytic systems. It is
      proposed that human RBC proteins can be oxidatively damaged by certain free
      radicals, and that the oxidized proteins are specifically recognized and degraded
      by intracellular proteinolytic systems.

PMID- 3840595
TI  - Shape of vertebrae--an application of a generalised method.

PMID- 3840597
TI  - [Thrombogenic abnormalities of hemostasis. Practical implications].

PMID- 3840598
TI  - [Antithrombin III deficiency induced by heparin and constitutional protein C
      deficiency. Apropos of a case].
AB  - Major mesenteric venous thrombosis in a young man who had already had spontaneous
      thromboembolic accidents prompted the diagnosis in 1982 of 'Antithromin III'
      deficiency. The initial reduction of this inhibitor proved to be secondary to a
      consumption raised abnormally by Heparin. Research into the family antecedents
      made it possible in 1983 to discover a constitutional 'Protein C' deficiency
      without stopping the antivitamins K for this patient.

PMID- 3840599
TI  - [2 cases of recurrent deep venous thrombosis with protein C deficiency].
AB  - Because of their gravity and the complications involved, repeated deep venous
      thromboses require everything to be done to produce an aetiological diagnosis,
      for only this will make a preventive treatment possible. Amongst causes of
      phlebitis, haemostatic disorders and coagulation factor anomaly should be
      systematically looked for, as these can sometimes be corrected. Following the
      discovery of the Antithrombin III deficiency, the protein C deficiency shows
      clear progress along these lines. The author here describes two cases of the
      protein C deficiency in patients who have suffered repeated deep and superficial
      venous thrombosis, with thromboembolic family antecedents.

PMID- 3840600
TI  - The clinical and metabolic responses to early surgical treatment for hyperthyroid
      Graves' disease: a comparison of three pre-operative treatment regimens.
AB  - We have compared the clinical and metabolic responses of three groups of patients
      undergoing subtotal thyroidectomy for hyperthyroid Graves' disease. These
      patients were prepared for surgery with propranolol alone, propranolol plus
      potassium iodide or the long acting beta-adrenoceptor antagonist nadolol plus
      potassium iodide. Pre-treatment with potassium iodide reduced serum T4 to normal
      or subnormal in all patients. Patients in the propranolol group had significantly
      higher pulse rates and temperatures after operation and one patient developed an
      exacerbation of the hypermetabolic state. The perioperative rise in serum
      cortisol and blood glucose was delayed in patients in the propranolol group and
      this was also noted in one severely hyperthyroid patient on propranolol +
      potassium iodide. Nadolol was administered once daily as compared to multiple
      daily doses with propranolol. Despite this, plasma nadolol levels were
      consistently higher throughout the perioperative period while propranolol levels
      in patients on both propranolol alone and propranolol + potassium iodide were
      highly variable and sometimes undetectable. We conclude that, in the rapid
      preparation of patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease for surgery, the
      combination of nadolol + potassium iodide has significant advantages over the
      other two regimens.

PMID- 3840601
TI  - [Critical evaluation of the Abbott MS-2 automatic system in the rapid
      determination of antibiograms].
AB  - The Abbott MS-2 system for rapid determinations of the bacterial growths in the
      kinetic mode is briefly described. Some details of the operations of the
      apparatus and about the experimental procedure are given by referring to a
      phenomenological description for the bacterial growth. A critical analysis of the
      antimicrobic susceptibilities and of the minimum inhibiting concentrations (MIC)
      provided by the apparatus is also carried out. In particular the problems arising
      for cephalosporins is emphasized.

PMID- 3840602
TI  - Sarcoidosis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis--a chance occurrence?
AB  - We present a case of pulmonary sarcoidosis associated with Hashimoto's
      thyroiditis. This association has been reported previously and may be purely
      coincidental. However, in light of current knowledge about the immunoregulatory
      defects postulated for sarcoidosis and for Hashimoto's thyroiditis, three other
      possibilities that may explain this association in our patient, are discussed.

PMID- 3840603
TI  - Leakage of protein in the immature rabbit lung; effect of surfactant replacement.
AB  - Immature newborn rabbits, delivered on day 27 of gestation, were ventilated
      artificially for 60 min, with or without previous treatment with natural
      surfactant. Insufflation pressure was adjusted to maintain an average tidal
      volume of about 10 ml/kg. All animals received, before the onset of ventilation,
      125I-labeled albumin via the airways and 131I-labeled albumin intravenously. At
      the end of the experiment 3.1 +/- 1.3% (means +/- SD) of the 131I-albumin had
      permeated into the alveolar compartment of control animals; the corresponding
      figures for surfactant-treated animals were 1.7 +/- 0.8% (P less than 0.002). In
      control animals only 18.2 +/- 4.4% of the 125I-albumin could be recovered from
      the airspaces after 60 min, whereas 69.9 +/- 14.6% of this label was recovered in
      surfactant-treated animals (P less than 0.002). Alveolar wash samples from
      control animals also contained significantly increased activity of surfactant
      inhibitor, as evaluated with pulsating bubble. The bidirectional flux of protein,
      including surfactant inhibitor, was thus significantly decreased in these
      immature lungs by surfactant replacement.

PMID- 3840604
TI  - Computer assistance for C.T. scan interpretation and cerebral disease diagnosis.
AB  - This paper describes the development and use of a system to aid in the
      radiological interpretation of C.T. scan images of patients with cerebral
      disease. The system is able to provide guidance, both on diagnosis and the need
      for further scan investigations. Explanation and help facilities, similar to
      those found in certain rule-based expert systems, are available on demand.
      Diagnostic and other advice is, however, based on hard statistical data. The scan
      interpretation and diagnostic system offers important benefits in the training of
      less experienced radiologists.

PMID- 3840605
TI  - [Surgical treatment of hyperthyroid struma: surgery results, postoperative long
      term course and study of a factor connected with recurrences].
AB  - None of the 335 patients thyroidectomized for hyperthyroidism in our department
      of surgery between 1972 and 1982 died as a consequence of the operation.
      Reassessment of 226 of these patients by questionnaire 68 +/- 25 (SD) months
      after thyroidectomy revealed the following complications: postoperative paresis
      of the recurrent nerve (9%), persistent change of voice (2%), and persistent
      hypoparathyroidism (3.5%). 91 patients underwent a follow-up investigation 74 +/-
      33 months after thyroidectomy. Only one had recurrent hyperthyroidism but 6 had a
      recurrence of the goiter. Patients with recurrent goiters had a significantly
      higher frequency of increased serum thyroglobulin levels than patients without
      goiters. These results emphasize the effectiveness of surgical therapy in
      hyperthyroidism, and suggest that serum thyroglobulin might be a useful predictor
      for goiter recurrence.

PMID- 3840606
TI  - Assignment of the gene for myelin proteolipid protein to the X chromosome:
      implications for X-linked myelin disorders.
AB  - Several inherited disorders in humans and in rodents result in myelin dysgenesis
      and a deficiency of the molecular constituents of myelin. A complementary DNA to
      one of the two major myelin proteins, myelin proteolipid protein (also known as
      lipophilin), has been used with Southern blot analysis of somatic cell hybrid DNA
      to map the human proteolipid protein gene to the middle of the long arm of the
      human X chromosome (bands Xq13-Xq22) and to assign the murine proteolipid protein
      gene to the mouse X chromosome. Comparison of the gene maps of the human and
      mouse X chromosomes suggests that myelin proteolipid protein may be involved in X
      linked mutations at the mouse jimpy locus and has implications for Pelizaeus
      Merzbacher disease, a human inherited X-linked myelin disorder.

PMID- 3840607
TI  - The power to pollute and the power to preserve: perceptions of female power in a
      Hindu village.
AB  - In traditional Hindu village society, women are seen as having the power to
      pollute men. Such beliefs denigrate certain aspects of female sexuality. A
      detailed examination of these beliefs reveals that female sexuality is only
      associated with pollution and negative forces when women become estranged from
      men through their biology or other circumstances. When associated with pollution
      women are perceived as being in danger as well as endangering others. In contrast
      when women identify their interests with men's they are not in danger and can
      exercise positively valued powers such as the power to preserve life. The nexus
      of beliefs connected with female pollution and other mystical powers encourages
      women to subordinate their interests to men's.

PMID- 3840608
TI  - [Various prognostic factors in lymphosarcoma of the large intestine].

PMID- 3840609
TI  - [Etiology and pathogenesis of diffuse toxic goiter].

PMID- 3840610
TI  - [Epidemiological aspects of data banks and biological banks].
AB  - Human epidemiology differs from studies on health care. Epidemiology is an
      observational type of research, and partially a substitute for experimental
      investigations which are seldom possible in the human situation. Another
      difference from the human situation are privacy features both on the level of
      individuals and on that of organisations. This is in contrast with herd books,
      artificial insemination banks and slaughterhouse data bases in animals. In view
      of these differences and limitations, the largest potential for veterinary
      epidemiology would appear to lie in the fields of data and biological banking.
      Instances of the routine collection of data to monitor disease in human
      individuals are presented. The use of biological banks is discussed: blood,
      urine, nails, etc., are collected from a cohort of (still) normal animals in this
      case. This is done in order to use them after follow-ups to determine pre
      diagnostic levels and changes in biological parameters in retrospect. This
      approach, consisting in case-control studies within a cohort combines the
      advantages of the two methods of investigation, namely the longitudinal aspect
      which makes it possible to answer post-propter questions and the cost-saving
      aspect of confining biochemical analysis to cases alone and the controls proper
      to these cases. Drawbacks to the two separate techniques, such as an expensive
      complete follow-up and selection bias problems, are ruled out in this manner.

PMID- 3840611
TI  - Treatment of bovine parasitic otitis using ivermectin.

PMID- 3840612
TI  - Evaluation of the antiemetic activity of bromopride in cancer patients treated
      with i.v. CMF.
AB  - In more than 70% of patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer with
      histologically positive lymph nodes, precautional therapy with CMF
      (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil) causes nausea and vomiting. At
      the present time, the optimal antiemetic therapy has not been found. From May
      1983 to March 1984, 35 patients, of whom 34 were evaluable, were entered in a
      randomized double blind antiemetic treatment with either bromopride (16
      patients), a procainamide derivative structurally similar to metoclopramide, or
      placebo (18 patients). Bromopride (20 mg) and the placebo were administered in a
      3-min i.v. injection half an hour before chemotherapy and at 3 1/2 and 7 1/2
      following chemotherapy. A complete antiemetic protection was obtained in 9
      patients (56.3%) treated with bromopride compared to 5 patients (27.8%) treated
      with the placebo. A major antiemetic (less than or equal to 2 vomiting episodes)
      was obtained in 3 patients (18.7%) treated with bromopride compared to 5 patients
      (27.8%) treated with the placebo. Statistical analysis showed a trend in favor of
      bromopride (P = 0.058). The most frequent side effect was sedation reported in 6
      patients (37.5%) treated with bromopride and 2 patients (11.1%) treated with the
      placebo (P = 0.06). The study was interrupted when several patients presented
      vomiting episodes more than 12 h after CMF administration, and thus beyond the
      foreseeable protective effect of the antiemetic treatment. It is our opinion that
      the search for an optimal antiemetic regimen in the course of i.v. CMF therapy
      should consider the administration of antiemetic drugs at least until 12 h after
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3840613
TI  - [New observations on fetal liver cirrhosis associated with hereditary
      tyrosinemia].

PMID- 3840614
TI  - [Use of T-activin for immunoregulation in recurrent ophthalmoherpes].

PMID- 3840615
TI  - [Evaluation of analgesia after administration of morphine into the peridural
      space during thoracic surgery].

PMID- 3840616
TI  - [Prevention of dynamic intestinal obstruction in children with peritonitis].
AB  - In order to prevent the development of the dynamic intestinal obstruction the
      prolonged peridural blockade, intravenous and intraaortal injection of the
      solution of novocain were used with reference to the phase of the pathological
      process. Results of the examination of 200 patients has shown that these measures
      facilitate passage of flatus and stools, shortens the staying of the patients at
      the hospital and reduces the amount of postoperative complications and lethality.

PMID- 3840617
TI  - RESPITE--a computer-aided guide to the prevalence of pneumonia in pig herds.
AB  - An interactive computer-based guide (termed RESPITE) was developed to demonstrate
      to pig producers the expected level of pneumonia in pig herds which follow
      specified management practices known to influence the severity of pneumonia
      problems. A program was used to evaluate the combined effect of known risk
      factors present in the particular herd on the prevalence of lung lesions in
      slaughter pigs. The expected prevalence was estimated using formulae that were
      derived from observations and data in the published literature. Eleven risk
      factors considered are the number of pigs in the same room, all-in/all-out versus
      continuous flow of pigs, closed versus open herd, temperature fluctuation ratio,
      width of the buildings, space allotted per pig, the type of partitions separating
      adjacent pens, the presence or absence of diarrhoea as a clinical problem, liquid
      versus solid manure disposal, ascarid control efficiency, and the presence or
      absence of active Aujeszky's disease in the herd. Each of the factors can be
      assessed in the farrowing, nursery and grow-finish stages of production and the
      appropriate observations are entered. The computer uses the data to calculate the
      expected prevalence of pneumonia in animals leaving that stage of production. Of
      the pneumonia developing in the farrowing, nursery and grow-finish stages, 90 per
      cent, 75 per cent and 25 per cent respectively is considered to resolve before
      slaughter inspection at 100 kg. Adjusting for this degree of resolution, the
      program then estimates the expected final prevalence of pneumonic lesions in
      slaughter pigs. Comparison of predictions with slaughterhouse data from four
      herds indicated that the guide was realistic in its estimates.

PMID- 3840618
TI  - Lymphosarcoma involving the mandible in two goats.

PMID- 3840619
TI  - Theiler's virus RNA and protein synthesis in the central nervous system of
      demyelinating mice.
AB  - We studied Theiler's virus RNA and capsid protein synthesis in sections of mouse
      spinal cord using in situ hybridization coupled to immunoperoxidase. We found
      that the majority of infected cells contain 100 to 500 viral genomes and no
      detectable capsid antigens. Similarly, baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, which are
      permissive to Theiler's virus, do not synthesize capsid if they contain less than
      1000 viral genomes. Our results demonstrate that virus multiplication is
      restricted in vivo at the level of RNA replication. They suggest that RNA
      restriction is sufficient to explain the lack of capsid antigen synthesis.

PMID- 3840620
TI  - Molecular cloning of Lassa virus RNA: nucleotide sequence and expression of the
      nucleocapsid protein gene.
AB  - Lassa virus RNA isolated from purified virus particles was polyadenylated and
      reverse transcripts were cloned into the PstI site of plasmid pUC9. Clones
      containing sequences of the smaller (S) segment of the Lassa virus genome were
      identified by hybridization with purified S RNA. They were characterized by their
      ability to hybridize with fragments of 3'-labeled Lassa virus S RNA and with each
      other, and by restriction mapping. The largest insert was 1830 bp long and began
      with the 3'-terminal 19-base sequence characteristic of all arenavirus S RNAs so
      far analyzed. The virus complementary strand contained a single large open
      reading frame, beginning at the ATG nearest its 5' end (nucleotides 103-5) and
      terminating with a TGA triplet at position 1813-15, that encodes a protein of 570
      amino acids. A recombinant was constructed which expressed the gene as a fusion
      protein in Escherichia coli. The product was a 60-kDa polypeptide which reacted
      with monoclonal antibodies specific for the nucleocapsid protein. Comparison of
      the predicted amino acid sequence with the corresponding sequences deduced from
      the nucleotide sequences of the other arenavirus S RNAs, lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis (LCM) and Pichinde, reveals a considerable degree of similarity
      between Old and New World arenaviruses.

PMID- 3840621
TI  - Purification and amino-terminal protein sequence analysis of the mumps virus
      fusion protein.
AB  - The fusion (F) protein of mumps virus was purified by immunoaffinity
      chromatography using an anti-F monoclonal antibody. The F protein was reduced and
      alkylated, and the F1 and F2 chains were isolated by high-pressure size exclusion
      chromatography. Twenty-three amino acid residues from the amino terminus of each
      chain were identified following automated Edman degradation. The amino-terminal
      sequence of the F1 chain was homologous to previously reported F1 sequences from
      three other paramyxoviruses (simian virus 5, Newcastle disease virus, and Sendai
      virus). Secondary structure predictions suggest an alpha-helical conformation for
      the mumps virus F1 amino-terminal sequence. A helical wheel model of the
      paramyxovirus F1 NH2 terminus is presented which defines conserved and variable
      arcs of the helix and provides a spatial representation of this critical
      functional domain of the paramyxovirus fusion protein.

PMID- 3840622
TI  - Molecular cloning and characterization of the genome of wound tumor virus: a
      tumor-inducing plant reovirus.
AB  - The double-stranded RNA genome of the tumor-inducing plant pathogen, wound tumor
      virus, was converted to double-stranded DNA and cloned into plasmid pBR322.
      Multiple apparent full-length copies of 9 of the 12 wound tumor virus genome
      segments were identified. The entire sequence of cloned genome segment S12, the
      smallest of the genome segments, was determined. This genome segment was found to
      be 851 nucleotides in length and to possess a single long open reading frame that
      extends 178 codons from the first AUG triplet (residues 35-37): information
      sufficient to encode a protein of the size estimated for the smallest of the
      previously identified wound tumor virus primary gene products, Pns 12. Sequence
      data obtained from analysis of cloned cDNA copies of several genome segments and
      from direct analysis of the 3' termini of the double-stranded genome RNAs
      revealed that each wound tumor virus genome segment possesses the common terminal
      sequences: (+) 5'GGUAUU ... UGAU 3' (-) 3'CCAUAA ... ACUA 5'.

PMID- 3840623
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the measles virus F1 polypeptide: comparison
      with other paramyxovirus fusion proteins.
AB  - Measles virus fusion (F) protein has been isolated by immunoadsorption to a
      complex of monoclonal antibodies bound to protein A-Sepharose. The 41-kDa F1
      component of the fusion protein was obtained pure in high yield by preparative
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition of the F1
      chain was determined and the N-terminal sequence was analyzed for 40 residues.
      The structure determined is largely hydrophobic, with 24 residues of Val, Ile,
      Leu, Met, Phe, or Ala. Comparison with previously published data on the F1
      polypeptide of Sendai virus showed considerable similarity in amino acid
      composition. Extensive N-terminal sequence homologies with F1 polypeptides of
      different paramyxoviruses are also noticed, including a nine-residue segment
      strictly conserved among four F1 polypeptides studied, as well as a weaker but
      distinct and Gly-rich sequence homology with the influenza A and B virus HA2
      polypeptides. The evolutionary conservation of the N-terminal region at the site
      of cleavage of surface glycoproteins of the two families of myxoviruses
      highlights its specialized function in membrane fusion.

PMID- 3840624
TI  - [Unintended effects of oral contraceptives. II. Progesterone-caused effects,
      interactions with drugs].
AB  - A variety of desirable and undesirable side effects of oral contraceptives is
      attributed to the progestins. The favourable effects can be of considerable
      importance but are not suitable for therapeutic use. The occurrence of possibly
      severe adverse side effects, notoriously neglected for years, is increasingly
      recognized. Some of these potentially serious effects are dose dependent and seem
      to be structure related. Consequently particular attention is focussed upon newly
      developed compounds which seem to lack some of such disadvantages. Interactions
      between oral contraceptives and other drugs are reported; they appear to be of
      little clinical significance.

PMID- 3840625
TI  - [Polythelia in alcoholics. Preliminary report].
AB  - We present a study comparing 650 alcoholics with 1074 patients with miscellaneous
      other psychiatric (665) and medical (409) diagnoses for the frequency of
      supernumerary nipples (SN). Also 716 adolescents and school-children in a general
      medical screening were investigated for this phenomenon. In alcoholics SN were
      found in over 6%, in the non-alcoholic group in approximately 1%. The latter
      figure correlates well with other findings in literature, 6% being significantly
      higher. In the group of adolescents/children (1,8-3,2%) polythelia correlates
      with familial alcoholism, albeit of the father. As polythelia may be part of
      fetal alcohol-syndrome, the addiction should be expected on the mother's side,
      the more so, as the local rate of female/male alcoholism is approximately 1:3
      (administrative incidence). We suggest that polythelia may be more frequent among
      alcoholics. Apart from SN occurring in alcoholic embryopathy, alcoholism of the
      father may be an additional factor for their development. Polythelia may in
      certain cases offer a diagnostic clue not only for mammo-renal syndromes but also
      for individual or familial alcoholism.

PMID- 3840626
TI  - Adjuvant CMF chemotherapy in operable breast cancer: ten years later.

PMID- 3840627
TI  - A randomized trial of CMF versus CMFVP as adjuvant chemotherapy in women with
      node-positive stage II breast cancer: a CALGB Study.

PMID- 3840628
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast cancer with positive axillary nodes: a
      comparison of CMFVP versus L-PAM.

PMID- 3840629
TI  - Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer with positive axillary nodes designed
      according to estrogen receptor status.

PMID- 3840630
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy in postmenopausal women: results of sequential noncross
      resistant regimens.

PMID- 3840631
TI  - [Uptake and distribution of 14C-retinyl acetate in organs and sensory tissue
      (inner ear) of the guinea pig].
AB  - The uptake and chemical identification of 14C-retinyl acetate in the inner ear of
      the guinea-pig after oral administration is reported. For methodological reasons
      the experiment was carried out in vitamin A-deficient guinea-pigs. In the sensory
      tissues a time-dependent distribution was found similar to that in other organs.
      The chemical identification shows that the orally administered labeled retinyl
      acetate can be detected as retinyl palmitate in the membranous structures of the
      inner ear. This may be an indication for the ability of the inner ear tissues to
      esterize and probably store the transport form of vitamin A, retinol.

PMID- 3840632
TI  - [Venereology 1985].
AB  - A new generation of sexually transmissible diseases affects the individual by
      severe long lasting complications and requires public health measures. The danger
      for the fetus and the newborn of perinatal transmission, the risk for pregnant
      women of complications before, at, and after birth, as well as the evidence of
      connections between venereal infections and the development of cancer demand
      close cooperation of physicians of different branches and reorientation regarding
      the training of students and physicians.

PMID- 3840633
TI  - Structure and variation of the influenza C glycoprotein.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the influenza C/JHB/1/66 glycoprotein was predicted
      from sequence analysis of cloned DNA. The glycoprotein exhibited several
      similarities to the haemagglutinin (HA) glycoproteins of influenza A and B
      viruses, although its overall homology to these glycoproteins was low. A
      comparison between the sequences of C/JHB/1/66 and C/Cal/78 strains revealed 96%
      homology. The nucleotide and amino acid changes appeared to be non-random, with a
      high proportion occurring between amino acid positions 182-212. A comparison
      between the JHB/1/66 glycoprotein and the influenza A/X31 HA sequence suggested
      that this region may be structurally analogous to the 'A' antigenic site of the
      HA glycoprotein.

PMID- 3840634
TI  - Haemagglutinin transport mutants.
AB  - Two mutants (ts1 and ts651) with a temperature sensitive defect in the
      intracellular transport of the haemagglutinin from the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum to the plasma membrane have been analysed. Nucleotide sequencing of the
      haemagglutinin revealed with each mutant two point mutations that are located in
      the stem region of the molecule.

PMID- 3840635
TI  - Purification and enzymatic properties of an RNA polymerase-RNA complex from
      influenza virus.
AB  - An RNA polymerase-viral RNA complex was purified from influenza A/PR/8 virions by
      combination of cesium trifluoroacetate centrifugation and phosphocellulose column
      chromatography. Surface proteins were removed from the detergent-treated virions
      by the centrifugation. Starting from the M protein-free ribonucleoprotein (RNP)
      fraction, an RNA polymerase-RNA complex lacking NP protein was isolated by
      repeated chromatography on phosphocellulose columns. The isolated RNA polymerase
      RNA complex, which is composed of PB1, PB2, PA and vRNA, cleaved capped poly(A)
      endonucleolytically at 10-12 nucleotides from the 5' end and incorporated GMP
      into the 3' end of the resulting capped fragments. In the presence of all four
      ribonucleotide triphosphate substrates, the cleaved fragments were elongated to
      polynucleotides in the absence of exogenous vRNA. The RNA synthesis was primed
      not only by capped polynucleotides but also dinucleotide ApG. These results
      indicate that the purified RNA polymerase-RNA complex is as active in viral mRNAs
      synthesis as native RNP and that NP protein is not required for the catalytic
      function.

PMID- 3840636
TI  - Maternal behavior in females of the laboratory rat selected for high and low
      activity and defecation rates.
AB  - Laboratory rats of the Wistar strain were selectively bred for a high or a low
      level of short-term activity (+A, -A) and defecation (+D, -D) in a novel
      environment. In lactating females of groups +A-D, +A+D, -A+D and -A-D maternal
      behavior was tested in situations, differing in complexity and demands of the
      ability of the females to adapt themselves to a new environment. Most intergroup
      differences were dependent on the characteristics of their activity, while
      defecation manifested itself less markedly in maternal behavior. In all tests +A
      groups showed a higher number of active contacts with the young, and the duration
      of maternal activities was higher in them when compared with -A females. The
      results indicated difference in the structure of maternal behavior and in the
      strategy with which they coped with a new situation. Females -A arranged the
      scattered pups into a nest more rapidly but they manipulated less with them and
      retrieved them minimally. In -A more often than in the +A the cycle of maternal
      behavior was interrupted by the elements of other than maternal programs. On the
      other hand, females +A gave more attention to each pup, they carried it from
      place to place for a long time, they tended to rearrange the newly formed nest,
      maternal program being interrupted less often. The most marked difference
      appeared between groups +A-D and -A+D.

PMID- 3840637
TI  - [Embolisms in the embryo].
AB  - Artificial embolisms were produced in chick embryos by injecting small mouse
      liver cell particles in an extraembryonal vein. 1-10 h after the injection the
      embryos were fixed, and serial sections were examined by light microscope. Most
      of the obstructed vessels were later recanalized. All of the emboli were
      surrounded by thrombocytes and partly fixed on the vessel wall. The smaller of
      the injected particles were lying outside the vessels in the neighboring
      mesenchyme. The significance of thrombocytes for this transport mechanism is
      discussed.

PMID- 3840638
TI  - [In vitro biopharmaceutical control of pharmaceuticals. 6. In vitro equivalence
      of different acetylsalicylic acid tablets].

PMID- 3840639
TI  - Single intravenous and oral doses of fenflumizole: pharmacokinetics and effects
      on prostanoid formation.
AB  - Fenflumizole is a substituted triaryl-imidazole with anti-inflammatory activity.
      Its disposition in man was studied after single intravenous and oral doses to 8
      healthy male volunteers. Formation of the prostanoids thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6
      keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-k-PGF1 alpha) in clotting blood was studied
      concomitantly. The pharmacokinetics after intravenous doses (0.1 mg/kg) could be
      fitted to a three compartment model and the half-lives (t 1/2) corresponding to
      the three phases were 2 min., 1 hour and 15 hours, respectively. The volume of
      distribution was 386 l and the plasma clearance 0.5 l per min. Oral doses (0.5
      mg/kg) were rapidly absorbed (t 1/2 = 0.2 hr) and the following elimination from
      plasma had two phases with half-lives of 1 hour and 14 hours. Bioavailability was
      50% due to a pronounced first-pass effect. The two metabolites mono- and
      didemethylfenflumizole were detected after both oral and intravenous doses and
      their maximum plasma concentrations occurred after 1-2 hours irrespective of the
      administration route. A concentration dependent depression of prostanoid
      formation was seen, the IC50 for TXB2 and 6-k-PGF1 alpha being 19 and 53 ng/ml
      respectively.

PMID- 3840640
TI  - Tissue-specific depletion of NPY-like immunoreactivity by reserpine.

PMID- 3840641
TI  - [Percutaneous puncture with a robot].
AB  - The great advances of microelectronics and mechatoronics are gradually being
      applied into medicine. In percutaneous nephrostomy, it is possible to calculate
      the depth and direction of the needle by using a computer if one point on the
      surface of the skin and another point in the dilated renal pelvis are determined.
      When a robot is moved according to the computed results, a percutaneous operation
      is performed fast and exactly. We established a system through which a
      percutaneous operation is automatically performed. The following technical
      difficulties of this system were overcome. The coordinates of the two points for
      a percutaneous operation were input into a computer through a CRT display.
      Machine language of the Z-80 CPU was used for the programming. A program package
      enabling fast calculation was developed. The shape of the robot was calculated
      and shown on the CRT display before it showed any movements.

PMID- 3840642
TI  - Anionic surface properties of aortic and mitral valve endothelium from New
      Zealand white rabbits.
AB  - The luminal surfaces of the endothelium lining the two surfaces of the aortic
      arterial (AAR) and ventricular (AVT), and mitral ventricular (MVT) and atrial
      (MAT), valve cusps were studied with cationic ferritin (CF) and ferritin (Fer)
      conjugated lectins (WGA, RCA, SBA). The arterial (AAR) and ventricular (MVT)
      surfaces of the aortic and mitral cusps, which are exposed to more turbulent
      fluid mechanical forces and lower wall shear stresses, had the greatest density
      of CF labeling. The endothelia of the four surfaces displayed a gradient of
      decreasing density from the nuclear region to the periphery. Neuraminidase,
      chondroitinase ABC and AC, heparinase, heparitinase, hyaluronidase (testicular),
      and pronase E digestions suggested that a significant number of the anionic sites
      labeled by CF are associated with sialoglycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans such
      as chondroitin 4/6 sulfates, dermatan sulfates, and heparan sulfates. The
      localization of WGA receptors on the endothelium of AAR and MVT demonstrated a
      greater density of sialyl moieties than on the AVT and MAT. There was no binding
      of Fer-RCA with specificity for D-galactopyranosides or Fer-SBA with affinity for
      N-acetylglucosamine and D-galactose to the endothelium unless it was first
      treated with neuraminidase. Hence, sialic acids are shown to be among the more
      superficial components of this glycocalyx and to be largely responsible for the
      greater densities over the endothelium of AAR and MVT.

PMID- 3840643
TI  - Phase II trial of piperazinedione in patients with advanced or recurrent uterine
      sarcoma. A Gynecologic Oncology Group study.
AB  - Twenty patients with advanced or recurrent uterine sarcoma no longer amenable to
      control with surgery and/or radiotherapy were entered into study by Gynecologic
      Oncology Group institutions to receive piperazinedione 9 mg/m2 intravenously
      every 3 weeks. One patient was deemed to be ineligible for study. Among the 19
      evaluable patients, only one response was observed, a partial response in a
      patient with leiomyosarcoma. Adverse effects consisted primarily of
      myelosuppression and were tolerable. Piperazinedione at the dose and schedule
      tested appears to have little activity against uterine sarcomas.

PMID- 3840644
TI  - m-AMSA in refractory lymphoma. A phase II trial of the Eastern Cooperative
      Oncology Group.
AB  - m-AMSA (4'-[9'-acridinylamino]-methansulfon-m-anisidide) is an acridine
      derivative which has shown a wide spectrum of activity in preclinical testing.
      The mechanism of action is thought to be via interference with synthesis and
      integrity of DNA chains by intercalation between base pairs and external binding.
      Initial phase I clinical trials revealed granulocytopenia to be the dose limiting
      toxicity with occasional thrombocytopenia. Phlebitis, liver function
      abnormalities, and cardiac abnormalities have also been noted. Early reports
      suggested activity in leukemia and lymphoma. Based on these results ECOG
      evaluated m-AMSA in a phase II trial of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma.

PMID- 3840645
TI  - Leu-M1 positivity not specific for Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3840646
TI  - Sexually transmitted disease and the pediatrician.

PMID- 3840647
TI  - Parental response to perinatal death. Mother-father differences.
AB  - Depression and social interaction of mothers and fathers following a perinatal
      loss were studied using the questionnaire responses of 58 married couples. In the
      first six weeks following their loss, differences observed in responses of
      mothers and fathers are most apparent. During this time, mothers have more
      depressive symptoms, more often would like others to open a conversation with
      them about the baby, and are more likely to find their spouse helpful. At a mean
      of 25 months after the death, mothers' and fathers' differences with respect to
      depression become less apparent. However, fathers with more depressive
      symptomatology have increasing needs for social interaction and do not perceive
      that their marriage has grown stronger. Maternal depression has no correlation
      with perceptions of marital strength. Family counseling should reflect the
      possible variations in timing of the grief reaction and potential capabilities of
      parents to be supportive of one another.

PMID- 3840648
TI  - Computer program for aminoglycoside dosing.

PMID- 3840649
TI  - Congenital contractures, edema, hyperkeratosis, and intrauterine growth
      retardation: a fatal syndrome in Hutterite and Mennonite kindreds.
AB  - We present clinical findings in infants from three kindreds (two Hutterite and
      one Mennonite) with an apparently unique, fatal disorder. The major
      manifestations consist of severe intrauterine growth retardation, congenital
      contractures, and tense skin which is easily eroded. The skin is tightly drawn
      over the face, giving an abnormal appearance consisting of a narrow, pinched
      nose, small mouth, limited jaw mobility, and ectropion (in one). One infant had
      first-degree hypospadias. Apart from this, there were no organ malformations and
      the infants did not have hydrops. Histologically, the skin showed hyperkeratosis.
      It is postulated that this is a tissue dysplasia and that all of the clinical
      effects are secondary. The disorder appears to be an autosomal recessive trait.
      The two Hutterite families are from different endogamous subdivisions. They are
      related as fourth cousins once-removed and fifth cousins in multiple ways through
      the six nearest common ancestors of all four parents. There are 25 founders (11
      couples and three individuals) who are common ancestors. We computed the
      probability of joint descent of the four alleles in each pair of parents and in a
      sample of Alberta Hutterite couples, assuming that each of the common founders in
      turn was the original carrier. For an allele from one particular founder couple,
      there is a relatively greater probability of identity by descent for each pair of
      parents than on the average for other couples of the same endogamous subdivision.

PMID- 3840650
TI  - Congenital anomalies in the Hutterite population: a preliminary survey and
      hypothesis.
AB  - The Alberta Provincial Congenital Anomaly (CA) Surveillance reporting forms were
      scanned for infants whose surnames and addresses identified them as belonging to
      the Hutterite Brethren. Death registrations (of infants up to 1 year) and
      stillbirth registrations were similarly scanned. While the overall percentage of
      total malformations (5%) and major malformations (2%) was no different from that
      of the total population of Alberta, closer examination of the actual entities
      showed a large number of monogenic disorders among the Hutterites. The frequency
      of multifactorial congenital anomalies was approximately 1%. The inbreeding
      coefficients, using a genealogic data base, were computed for each "case baby"
      and two Hutterite "control babies," the latter being births preceding and
      succeeding the case baby. There was no statistical difference in the distribution
      of inbreeding coefficients between the case and control groups. While the data
      are based on small numbers and therefore are preliminary, they suggest that the
      Hutterite lifestyle, of good nutrition (using largely home prepared foods),
      absence of tobacco and minimal alcohol consumption, may be one factor responsible
      for fewer multifactorial CAs whose occurrence is environmentally susceptible to
      such influences. Studies of populations with a low incidence of disorders are
      just as important as those with a high incidence.

PMID- 3840651
TI  - Serum unconjugated estriol level as a predictor of pulmonary maturity.
AB  - Lack of respiratory distress syndrome in infants delivered after the maternal
      serum estriol value attained greater than or equal to 15 ng/ml was investigated.
      In 91 cases after 34 weeks' gestation no lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio less than
      2.0 was found where the serum estriol level was greater than or equal to 15 ng/ml
      and no respiratory distress syndrome in the patients delivered less than or equal
      to 3 days from amniocentesis.

PMID- 3840652
TI  - Magnesium sulfate and ritodrine hydrochloride: systemic and uterine hemodynamic
      effects.
AB  - Effects of magnesium sulfate and ritodrine hydrochloride on cardiovascular
      physiologic characteristics were studied in 70 human subjects treated for preterm
      labor. Systemic and uterine hemodynamic effects were investigated in five
      pregnant rhesus monkeys. Systolic blood pressure was minimally affected by either
      agent. Diastolic pressure, while not affected by magnesium sulfate, decreased
      26.3% during ritodrine therapy. Maternal and fetal heart rates were minimally
      affected by magnesium sulfate. Ritodrine increased maternal and fetal heart rates
      significantly. In the monkeys, magnesium sulfate increased uterine and placental
      blood flows (by the microsphere technique) but failed to alter cardiac output.
      Ritodrine produced an increase in cardiac output but decreased perfusion
      pressure. Placental blood flow decreased by an average of 27.6%. Ritodrine would
      therefore seem contraindicated with a compromised fetal environment. Magnesium
      sulfate, by not altering perfusion pressure, may have a beneficial effect on
      uterine hemodynamics. These specific and distinct differences in cardiovascular
      and hemodynamic effects should be considered when either magnesium sulfate or
      ritodrine is selected as a tocolytic agent.

PMID- 3840654
TI  - Implementation of Rao's one-sample polynomial growth curve model using SAS.
AB  - Longitudinal data are frequently treated with the classic analysis of variance
      and regression models. However, these models assume independence of observations.
      Hoel (1964) demonstrated that the use of least-squares methods on intercorrelated
      serial observations results in the rejection of the null hypothesis much too
      frequently. Although appropriate models for analyzing longitudinal data have been
      available for quite some time, they have remained inaccessible due to cumbersome
      matrix manipulations. We implement Rao's (1959) one-sample polynomial growth
      curve model using the programming capability and matrix language of SAS, which
      involves testing the goodness-of-fit and calculation of confidence bands for
      polynomial growth curves fit to data at equally spaced time points. Confidence
      intervals for the parameters themselves are also computed. The method and program
      (presented in the Appendix) are illustrated with examples involving mandibular
      ramus height in 12 young male rhesus monkeys. The data set, which spans a 4 year
      period (yearly observations), is fit adequately by a quadratic equation. The data
      spanning a 2 year period (half-year observations) are fit adequately by the
      linear equation. These examples illustrate the considerable widening of
      confidence bands that occurs when polynomial equations having more terms than are
      needed to meet the goodness-of-fit requirement are considered.

PMID- 3840653
TI  - A comparative microscopic and biochemical study of the uptake of fluorescent and
      125I-labeled lipoproteins by skin fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and
      peritoneal macrophages in culture.
AB  - Uptake of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and of acetyl LDL was compared in skin
      fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and peritoneal macrophages with the use of
      lipoproteins labeled with either 125I or the fluorescent probe 3,3'
      dioctadecylindocarbocyanine (DiI). The uptake of DiI-labeled lipoproteins was
      assessed by quantitative spectrofluorometry and by fluorescence microscopy. The
      DiI was quantitatively retained by the cells, while the 125I-LDL was degraded and
      125I-labeled degradation products were excreted from the cells. In smooth muscle
      cells and fibroblasts the uptake of LDL was virtually the same whether measured
      with the use of the DiI or 125I-label (sum of cell-associated and degraded 125I).
      The labeling of acetyl LDL with DiI enhanced its uptake in peritoneal macrophages
      by an average of 18%. With the DiI label, lipoprotein uptake (DiI-LDL for smooth
      muscle cells and skin fibroblasts and DiI-acetyl-LDL for mouse peritoneal
      macrophages) could be determined after as little as 10 minutes of incubation at
      37 C. The pattern of uptake of the DiI-labeled lipoproteins was consistent with
      binding to specific receptors, because no DiI could be detected in mutant cells
      without LDL receptors, and uptake was competitively inhibited by addition of
      excess unlabeled lipoprotein. When the DiI-labeled lipoproteins were removed from
      the medium, there was a 5-15% loss of DiI from all cell types studied over the
      first 24 hours. Thereafter, DiI loss from cells was dependent on cell type and
      culture medium. No further loss of DiI occurred from skin fibroblasts for up to
      96 hours of incubation in medium supplemented with either lipoprotein-deficient
      serum (LPDS) or 10% fetal bovine serum. During this same time period there was a
      40-60% loss of DiI from smooth muscle cells and macrophages incubated in medium
      supplemented with LPDS. Most of the DiI lost from the cells (60-70%) could be
      recovered in the culture medium but was not the result of cell death, as was
      indicated by the relatively constant protein concentrations per dish. The loss of
      DiI was markedly reduced in smooth muscle cells and macrophages when 10% fetal
      bovine serum was substituted for the LPDS in the culture medium. This suggests
      that some cells incubated with LPDS undergo changes, perhaps in the plasma
      membrane, that alter their ability to retain the DiI. In the presence of 10%
      fetal bovine serum, however, the DiI label is quantitatively retained by all
      cells tested for up to 96 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3840655
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of neurohypophyseal peptides with antidiuretic activity in
      dogs.
AB  - Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is known to produce increases in total peripheral
      resistance (TPR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and decreases in heart rate
      (HR), cardiac output (CO), and plasma renin activity (PRA). Some recent
      observations with AVP and synthetic analogues have suggested that under certain
      conditions, AVP can induce cardiovascular and reninsecretory responses in the
      opposite directions. To characterize the receptors mediating these responses, the
      effects of AVP, oxytocin, and synthetic neurohypophyseal analogues with specific
      antidiuretic, vasoconstrictor, or oxytocic activities were studied in conscious
      dogs. AVP and 2-phenylalanine-8-ornithine-oxytocin (Phe2Orn8OT, a selective
      vasoconstrictor agonist) produced similar responses when infused at 10 ng X kg-1
      X min-1. That is, TPR and MAP increased, and CO, HR, and PRA decreased.
      Pretreatment with a selective vasoconstrictor antagonist, [1-(beta-mercapto
      beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid) 2-(O-methyl)tyrosine]AVP,
      abbreviated d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)-AVP (10 micrograms/kg), blocked the actions of
      Phe2Orn8OT. However, in the presence of d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, AVP actually decreased
      TPR and increased CO, HR, and PRA. An analogue with selective antidiuretic
      activity, 4-valine-8-D-AVP (VDAVP, 10 ng X kg-1 X min-1), produced the same
      effects as the combination of vasopressin plus d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP. Neither the
      effects of VDAVP nor of AVP plus antagonist were blocked by propranolol (1
      mg/kg). These data indicate that vasopressin, by its antidiuretic activity,
      produces cardiovascular effects that are opposite to many of those produced by
      its vasoconstrictor action and that these effects are not dependent on mediation
      by beta-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 3840656
TI  - Comparison of human chorionic gonadotropin measurements by radioimmunoassay and
      in vitro bioassay.
AB  - A sensitive, accurate, and reproducible in vitro bioassay was developed for
      measuring human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), based on testosterone production by
      collagenase-dispersed interstitial cells of rat testes in response to hCG. The
      results were compared to those obtained by established beta hCG radioimmunoassay.
      The assay sensitivity was 25 pg hCG-CR119/ml (65 microIU second IRP/ml). The
      intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was 8.8%, and the interassay CV was 13%
      and 33% in the high and low ranges of the standard curve, respectively. hCG
      recoveries were 89.6 +/- 3.12% (SE, n = 12). The pattern of serum bio-hCG
      followed established patterns of immuno-hCG, with the highest level measured
      during the first trimester (mean, 52,600 +/- 7,250 SE (mIU/ml, n = 11),
      decreasing thereafter to a mean value of 7,400 +/- 1,500 mIU/ml at term. The mean
      ratio of the bio/immunoactivity was consistently greater than one and did not
      significantly change at the various stages of pregnancy, or between normal and
      molar pregnancies (first trimester, 1.75 +/- 0.12 SE; midtrimester, 1.46 +/-
      0.12; term, 1.50 +/- 0.09; molar, 1.55 +/- 0.2). When serum bioactive and
      immunoactive hCG were measured in a woman at five weeks of pregnancy, an episodic
      secretion of hCG was obtained by both assays.

PMID- 3840657
TI  - Antibodies to spermatozoa: XI. The use of immunobeads for the detection of sperm
      antibodies in serum.
AB  - Two procedures were developed and evaluated that used either larger or smaller
      volumes for the detection of sperm antibodies in serum by means of an indirect
      immunobead test (IBT). The immunobeads, coated with rabbit antibody to each of
      the major human immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, or IgM), were mixed with preparations
      of donor sperm, onto which antibody had been coated by passive transfer from
      various serum samples. The results of the IBT could be evaluated in various ways:
      (1) positive or negative; (2) if positive, whether binding is to the tail, the
      head, or the head and tail of the sperm cells; (3) if positive, whether binding
      is by IgG, IgA, or IgM. The diverse IBT results were obtained from a group of 50
      serum samples; these sera were also tested by two sperm agglutination methods;
      the gelatin agglutination test (GAT) and the tube-slide agglutination test
      (TSAT). There was an excellent agreement between the IBT and the GAT; it was not
      as good between the IBT and the TSAT. However, considering both agglutination
      methods together, 90% of the IBT-positive sera were agglutination-positive. In
      terms of morphological sites, tail binding occurred in 27 of 31 sera, head
      binding in 12 of 31 sera, and head-tail binding in 15 of 31 sera. The number with
      tail binding was very close to the number that were GAT-positive (26). As for the
      immunoglobulins, the most frequent class was IgG. IgA was 83% as frequent and IgM
      was only 25% as frequent as IgG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3840658
TI  - A projection from the periaqueductal grey to the lateral reticular nucleus in the
      cat.
AB  - A projection from the periaqueductal grey (PAG) to the lateral reticular nucleus
      (NRL) in the cat was demonstrated by means of retrograde transport of the wheat
      germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase complex. The connection has its main
      origin ipsilaterally in the ventral part of the caudal PAG, but scanty
      projections from other parts of the PAG were also found. The neurons projecting
      to the NRL are of varying shapes and sizes, but most cells have a maximum
      diameter of less than 20 micron. The findings are discussed in relation to the
      other afferent and efferent connections of the NRL.

PMID- 3840659
TI  - Nuclear uptake of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in developing rodent teeth: an
      autoradiographic study.
AB  - Target cells for 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 metabolites are identified in developing
      rodent teeth by the use of thaw-mount autoradiography. Following the injection of
      [26, 27-3H]-1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 into 18-day- and 20-day-old fetal rats and
      neonatal mice, nuclear concentration of radioactivity is found in different cell
      types. In incisors of both animal groups, strong nuclear labeling is present
      predominantly in pulp cells, while relatively weakly labeled cells are found in
      the layers of odontoblasts, ameloblasts, and stratum intermedium. In molars,
      nuclear labeling is absent in fetal rats, but is present in 2-day-old neonates in
      pulp cells and cells in the layers of stratum intermedium of the first molars,
      but not in the second molars. The absence of labeled pulp cells in the progenitor
      regions of incisors and in molars of 20-day-old fetal rats, and differential
      ontogenic appearance of labeled pulp cells in molars, indicates that there is a
      critical period of receptor emergence. The finding that labeled pulp cells exist
      in the regions of incisors and molars where secretory odontoblasts are present
      suggests that nuclear uptake of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 is related to cell
      maturation and differentiation, and topographically related to the formation of
      dentin. The results further suggest that, in contrast to bone, the predominant
      effect of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 is not on tooth cells which are directly involved
      in the formation of calcified tissue, i.e., ameloblasts and odontoblasts, but
      rather on supporting tissues such as pulp cells and stratum intermedium.

PMID- 3840660
TI  - Comparison of enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane for diagnostic and therapeutic
      procedures in children with malignancies.
AB  - The authors performed a randomized, prospective trial comparing enflurane,
      halothane, and isoflurane (each administered with nitrous oxide) to establish
      which inhaled anesthetic produced the fewest complications and the most rapid
      induction of anesthesia for children undergoing general anesthesia for diagnostic
      procedures as oncology outpatients. Sixty-six children, ranging from 8 months to
      18 years, underwent a total of 124 anesthetics. Induction of anesthesia (time
      from placement of facemask to beginning of skin preparation) was faster with
      halothane (2.7 +/- 1.0 min, mean +/- SD, n = 46) than with enflurane (3.2 +/- 0.8
      min, n = 43) or isoflurane (3.3 +/- 1.2 min, n = 35). Emergence from anesthesia
      (time from completion of the procedure to spontaneous eye opening) was more rapid
      with enflurane (4.7 +/- 4.4 min) than with halothane (6.2 +/- 4.5 min) or
      isoflurane (6.2 +/- 3.9 min). Total time from the start of procedure until
      discharge was longer with isoflurane (25.1 +/- 6.8 min) than with enflurane (21.5
      +/- 8.6 min) or halothane (22.3 +/- 7.6 min). During induction, the incidence of
      laryngospasm was greatest with isoflurane (23%) and the incidence of excitement
      least with halothane (13%). During the maintenance of, emergence from, and
      recovery from anesthesia, coughing occurred most frequently with isoflurane.
      During the recovery period, headache occurred most frequently with halothane
      (9%); there were no significant differences in the incidence of nausea, vomiting,
      hunger, or depressed effect. The authors conclude that the rapid induction and
      minimal airway-related complications associated with halothane anesthesia make it
      an excellent anesthetic agent for pediatric patients undergoing short diagnostic
      procedures.

PMID- 3840661
TI  - Idiopathic spontaneous deep venous thrombophlebitis in an adolescent: a case
      report.
AB  - A rare case of spontaneous deep venous thrombophlebitis in a 15-year-old
      adolescent is presented. This case is remarkable as it lacks any associated
      conditions and predisposing factors, as well as an etiologic diagnosis.

PMID- 3840662
TI  - [Cell concentration of individual cow's milk: effect of the status of mammary
      infection, parity, lactation stage and milk production].
AB  - The relative effect of the intramammary infections and of different factors
      related to the cow (parity, stage of lactation, milk yield) on the individual
      cell counts, were studied for 30 months on the 62 black-and-white Holstein cows
      of an experimental herd. During this period, the cows were regularly submitted to
      bacteriological tests for intramammary infections, individual cell counts and
      controls of the milk yield. The infection status of the cows at the time of
      counting was the main factor affecting the cell concentrations in the milk: the
      values ranged from around 5 X 10(4) cells/ml in the absence of infection in the
      four quarters, to values that were on average twice as high in the case of
      infection by a minor pathogen and ten times as high in the case of infection by a
      major pathogen. The mean cell concentrations in the milk of uninfected cows were
      significantly lower during the first lactation; they varied during the lactation
      according to a curve which had the form of an inverted lactation curve. The mean
      cell count during a lactation was independent of the mean milk yield per day of
      lactation. In cows infected by a major pathogen, the effect of the number and
      stage of lactation was different. Only the variation apparently associated with
      the stage of lactation had a sufficient amplitude to bring the mean cell
      concentrations of uninfected cows close to the values recorded in cows infected
      by a minor pathogen. The average results from cows infected by a major pathogen
      were, however, much higher at all stages of lactation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3840663
TI  - [Relation between the cell concentration of individual cow's milk, milk
      production and the cow's susceptibility to mammary infection].
AB  - The relations between the cell concentration in the milk from individual cows,
      their susceptibility to mastitis and milk production capacity were studied for 30
      months on the 62 black-and-white French Frisian X Holstein cows of an
      experimental herd. During this period, the cows were regularly submitted to
      bacteriological tests for intramammary infections, individual cell counts and
      controls of the milk production. The cell concentrations in the milk before
      infection were not different for two groups of cows that showed more or less
      susceptibility to mastitis. The corrected milk production fell linearly with the
      logarithmic mean of the lactation cell concentration, leading to a decrease of
      the yield that was as great as between 100 000 and 200 000 as between 200 000 and
      400 000 cells/ml. The reduction in yield was particularly large in cows that
      presented brief clinical infections followed by persistent inflammatory sequelae.
      The biological significance of these results and their implications for the
      control of mastitis were discussed.

PMID- 3840664
TI  - [Antitumoral activity of various doses of corynebacterium parvum as a function of
      the age of mice].
AB  - The anti-tumor activity of Corynebacterium parvum against two different tumours,
      a mammary carcinoma grafted in C3H mice and a lymphosarcoma grafted in XVII mice,
      was lower in young and old mice, than in adult ones. In young mice (25 days) of
      both lines, low doses of C. parvum were more efficient than higher doses. In 12
      month old XVII mice a higher survival rate was obtained by increasing the dose of
      C. parvum administered, whereas in old C3H mice, this phenomenon was not
      observed. Sublethal doses of X-irradiation abrogated the C. parvum-induced
      protection. Restoration of the protective effect occurred faster in 3-month old
      mice than in 8-month old mice. This restoration appeared earlier in XVII mice
      than in C3H mice.

PMID- 3840665
TI  - Local immunotherapy with propionibacterium granulosum KP-45 in advanced breast
      cancer.
AB  - 50 patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer were matched into 25 "twin"
      pairs. In each pair, one "twin" received chemotherapy (FAC) and the other
      received chemoimmunotherapy (FAC + intratumorally Propionibacterium granulosum KP
      45 (PG)). The therapeutic effects of this 2-year follow-up study were carefully
      documented and analysed. The mean survival time of FAC + PG-treated patients was
      about 17 months as compared to 8.5 months in FAC controls. PG-therapy responders
      showed increasing values of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood, as well as higher
      blast transformation indices than nonresponders and controls. The skin reactivity
      to PHA, Distreptase, and Tuberculin was markedly enhanced in the FAC + PG-group.
      The incidence rate of hematological and/or infectious complications was
      significantly lower in PG-treated patients than in the controls. Local PG
      immunotherapy was proven beneficial in advanced breast cancer when combined with
      FAC-chemotherapy, providing better toleration of chemotherapy and lower risk of
      myelosuppression and infections.

PMID- 3840666
TI  - Human meningeal sarcoma heterotransplants in Nu/Nu mice treated with L
      phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) and dianhydrogalactitol (DAG).
AB  - The clinical characteristics and response to therapy of a patient with meningeal
      sarcoma, one of four patients over a twenty-five year period at Memorial Sloan
      Kettering Cancer Center, are described. The light and electron microscopic
      characteristics of the primary tumor and as a heterotransplant in nude mice
      showed minimal differences. The tumor was resistant to conventional
      chemotherapeutic agents, both in the patient, in vitro as a cell culture and ex
      vivo as a heterotransplant. Only a combination of L-phenylalanine mustard and
      dianhydrogalactitol produced a limited response in both the patient and the mice.
      This combination may have some utility in future cases.

PMID- 3840667
TI  - [Nonactin biosynthesis. The incorporation of precursors into the antibiotic
      molecule].
AB  - It was shown that 14C-glucose and 14C-acetate are incorporated with the mycelial
      suspension of Streptomyces chrysomallus var. macrotetrolidi into the
      macromolecular compounds of the biomass and into nonactin, an antibiotic of the
      macrotetrolide group. The dependence of the incorporation on the time of the
      mycelium incubation with the 14C-substrate was similar for both compounds.
      Incorporation of 14C-acetate into nonactin was observed at earlier incubation
      periods, while intensive incorporation of 14C-glucose started after 60-90 minutes
      of incubation. The culture was shown to have two pathways of glucose metabolism,
      i. e. glycolysis and pentosophosphate pathway. Under the experimental conditions
      glycolysis was more important for both the biomass construction and the
      antibiotic synthesis. Inhibition of various areas of the tricarbonic acid cycle
      had a significant effect on incorporation of 14C-acetate into nonactin. The
      character of the effect depended on the site of the inhibitor action: inhibition
      of aconitase by trifluoroacetate lowered the level of the antibiotic synthesis by
      2-4 times and inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase by malonate increased it by 2
      times.

PMID- 3840668
TI  - Adaptation of middle aged rats to long-term restriction of dietary vitamin D and
      calcium.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that middle aged rats do not increase renal 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25(OH)2D3) production in response to short-term (4 weeks)
      dietary vitamin D and calcium restriction. The purpose of the experiments
      reported here was to determine if middle aged rats demonstrate adaptation to long
      term restriction of dietary calcium and vitamin D and to compare that adaptation
      to the adaptation seen in young rats. Middle aged (14-16 months) Fischer 344 rats
      were fed either a 0.02% calcium, vitamin D-deficient (restricted) or a 1.2%
      calcium, vitamin D-replete (control) diet. Rats from each group were sacrificed
      after 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 months on the diets. Renal conversion of 25(OH)D3 to
      1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 was measured in vitro using isolated renal cortical
      slices. Renal 1,25(OH)2D3 production in the restricted group was not
      significantly increased until 3 months and reached a maximum of 85% higher than
      the control at 4.5 months. Renal 24,25(OH)2D3 production was significantly
      decreased after only 1.5 months of restriction and was decreased maximally by 70%
      at 3.0 months. Serum calcium remained in the range 11-12 mg/100 ml in both diet
      groups, and serum immunoreactive PTH (iPTH) was modestly increased one- to
      twofold in the restricted group compared to the control group. In contrast, young
      rats (3 months old) fed the deficient diet for 1 month had a fourfold increase in
      renal 1,25(OH)2D3 production and a 71% decrease in 24,25(OH)2D3 production.
      Feeding the deficient diet also produced a 43% reduction in serum calcium and a
      13-fold increase in serum iPTH. These findings demonstrate that middle aged rats
      do alter their 25(OH)D metabolism in response to long-term vitamin D and calcium
      restriction. However, both the rapidity and the magnitude of the response is
      decreased compared to that seen in the young rat. This blunted vitamin D response
      in the middle aged rat reflects the lack of a decrease in serum calcium and the
      marginal increase in serum iPTH in response to vitamin D and calcium restriction.

PMID- 3840669
TI  - Microheterogeneity of a male-specific rat hepatic cytochrome P-450: existence of
      three allozymic forms.
AB  - Preparations of hepatic cytochrome P-450 h [D. E. Ryan, et al. (1984) J. Biol.
      Chem. 259, 1239] and cytochrome P-450 2c [D. J. Waxman (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259,
      15481] from outbred Sprague-Dawley rats were analyzed using two-dimensional
      electrophoresis and in situ peptide mapping. Both preparations consisted of the
      same isozyme which was previously characterized as a developmentally regulated,
      male-specific cytochrome P-450 active in the 16 alpha-hydroxylation of steroids.
      Each preparation evidenced microheterogeneity which was shown, in part, to result
      from the existence of two genetically determined variant forms of cytochrome P
      450 h/2c. Analyses of hepatic microsomes from several inbred strains of rat
      revealed that each was characterized by a single variant form of this isozyme,
      with some strains expressing a variant that was not present in Sprague-Dawley
      rats. Genetic crosses indicated that these electrophoretic variants represent
      allozymic forms of cytochrome P-450 h/2c which are codominantly expressed at a
      single autosomal locus. Additional microheterogeneity of each allozymic form of
      cytochrome P-450 h/2c was shown to result from a specific in vitro modification
      that may involve limited proteolysis near its C terminus by a microsome-bound
      protease.

PMID- 3840670
TI  - Characterization of the subunits of beta-conglycinin.
AB  - Four subunits of beta-conglycinin were purified from soybean cultivar CX 635-1-1
      1, and were designated alpha, alpha', beta, and beta' in accordance with
      nomenclature proposed by Thanh and Shibasaki [(1977) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 490,
      370-384]. Of these subunits, beta' has not previously been reported or
      characterized. Consistent with the low levels of methionine in these proteins,
      cyanogen bromide cleavage of alpha', alpha, and beta' subunits produced only a
      few fragments. The beta subunit contains no methionine and was not cleaved by
      cyanogen bromide. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of the alpha and alpha'
      subunits are homologous, and each has valine at its amino terminus. The beta
      subunit has a very different NH2-terminal sequence from those of the alpha and
      alpha' subunits, and has leucine at its amino terminus. The NH2-terminal sequence
      of the beta' subunit could not be determined, as it appeared to be blocked to
      Edman degradation. Although alpha and alpha' subunits have similar NH2-terminal
      sequences, they differ in the number of methionine residues and so yielded
      different numbers of cyanogen bromide fragments. Two cyanogen bromide fragments
      (CB-1 and CB-2) were purified from the alpha subunit. CB-1 originated from the
      NH2-terminal end of the subunit. The amino acid sequence of CB-2 was identical to
      that predicted from the nucleotide sequence of cDNA clone pB36. The insert in
      pB36 encoded 216 amino acids from the COOH-terminal end of the alpha subunit and
      contained a 138-bp trailer sequence which was followed by a poly-(A) tail. Maps
      showing the relative positions of methionine residues and carbohydrate moieties
      in the alpha and alpha' subunits were drawn, based on primary sequence data, and
      the size and carbohydrate content of the CNBr fragments derived from the
      subunits.

PMID- 3840671
TI  - Risk factors for mental retardation.
AB  - Risk factors for mental retardation were studied prospectively in 12 000 children
      born in northern Finland in 1966 and followed to the age of 14 years. The number
      of untraced children was less than 2 per 1000. Altogether 326 children had an IQ
      less than 86, and the incidence of severe retardation (IQ less than 50) was
      especially high. An incidence figure for children with mental retardation, a
      separate figure for healthy children, and also the death rate were calculated for
      each disease. Only in the cases of Down's syndrome and some hereditary diseases
      were all the exposed children mentally retarded; in other diseases some children
      did not seem to suffer any sequelae. A risk factor could be found for 50.6% of
      the total number of children with mental retardation, the percentage decreasing
      from the severest to the mildest form (86.7%, 45.4%, and 30.9%). Some 9.4% of the
      healthy children and 77.7% of those who died had had one or more of these
      conditions. Prenatal conditions were most often associated with severe mental
      retardation (64%), and perinatal conditions with mild retardation, (IQ 50 to 70;
      27%) and mental subnormality (IQ 71 to 85; 18%). Cases with no known risk factor
      were more common among boys than girls.

PMID- 3840672
TI  - Infantile colic revisited.

PMID- 3840673
TI  - Effect of caffeine on human sperm penetration into zona-free hamster ova.
AB  - The effect of caffeine on spermatozoal ability to penetrate zona-free hamster ova
      was examined on fresh and frozen-thawed semen samples. The mean motility of 10
      fresh semen samples incubated with caffeine significantly increased from 29% to
      35%. Sperm penetration into zona-free hamster ova did not differ between the
      control group and the specimens to which caffeine was added. The same effect of
      caffeine on sperm motility and hamster ova penetration was noted in the frozen
      thawed sperm samples. Motility was enhanced by 21%, but hamster ova penetration
      did not significantly change. The increase in sperm motility caused by caffeine
      does not change the fertilizing ability of fresh and frozen-thawed human sperm.

PMID- 3840674
TI  - Spermatogenesis in the bandicoot rat. I. Duration of the cycle of the
      seminiferous epithelium.
AB  - The duration of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium was studied in a pest
      rodent, the bandicoot rat. Fourteen stages of the cycle were identified. The
      duration of the seminiferous epithelium cycle was determined to be 10.0 days.

PMID- 3840675
TI  - Alveolar development of the lung of the rat. Part II. Morphogenesis of
      surfactant.

PMID- 3840676
TI  - Retinopathy of prematurity.

PMID- 3840677
TI  - Zone I retinopathy of prematurity.
AB  - Two (5.4%) of 37 patients with retinopathy of prematurity were noted to have zone
      I vascularization of the retina in at least one eye. Three eyes in the two
      patients showed plus disease with nonflorid stage 3 ridge formation and
      extraretinal fibrovascular proliferation. Two of the three eyes were not treated
      and rapidly progressed to total retinal detachment and blindness. The third eye
      was treated with cryotherapy and this was followed by resolution of the plus
      disease. Although the treated eye did not develop dragging of the retinal vessels
      or retinal detachment, it is unfortunately blind.

PMID- 3840678
TI  - Acetate metabolism in the mammary gland of the lactating ewe.
AB  - Acetate metabolism in the mammary gland of lactating ewes was studied by
      continuous infusion of radioisotopic [U-14C]sodium acetate and measurement of
      mammary gland arteriovenous difference and blood flow. Entry rate of acetate into
      the whole body averaged 75 +/- 7 mumol min-1 kg-1 liveweight and 22.1 +/- 2.7% of
      total CO2 production was derived from acetate. Acetate was both utilized and
      produced by the mammary gland. Acetate uptake was related linearly (r2 = 0.94) to
      arterial concentration and gross utilization of acetate accounted for 16.2 +/-
      2.6% of whole-body entry rate. Endogenous acetate production by the mammary gland
      increased linearly (r2 = 0.90) as milk yield rose, and accounted for 25.6 +/-
      2.7% of the gross mammary utilization of acetate. The proportion of mammary CO2
      derived from acetate (22.5 +/- 3.9%) was similar to that of the whole body. The
      uptake of acetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, esterified fatty acids and plasma free
      fatty acids accounted for about 25, 13, 60 and 4% of milk fatty acid carbon
      respectively, after correction for the oxidation of acetate, but not of the other
      substrates. Metabolism of acetate in the mammary glands of lactating ewes appears
      quantitatively more important than that in cows, but similar to that in goats.

PMID- 3840679
TI  - A flexible automated data reduction system for immunoassay.

PMID- 3840680
TI  - The use of propidium iodide in cytochemical studies of interphase chromatin
      structure.
AB  - Different cytochemical conditions of using Propidium Iodide, a phenanthridinic
      fluorochrome specific for double-stranded nucleic acids, have been considered to
      study some structural aspects of the interphasic chromatin. Some molecular
      properties of the dye allow to define the structure of chromatin fibre (degree of
      condensation) by means of thermal denaturation of DNA, fluorochromization after
      extraction of different chromatin components and fluorochromization in condition
      of low dye-substrate molar ratio (relative unsaturation of DNA). Different
      biological situations such as cell specialization, neoplastic transformation and
      life cycles have been examined choosing some typical models (hepatocytes,
      nucleated erythrocytes, lymphocytes, endometrial cells).

PMID- 3840681
TI  - A FORTRAN program for the construction of Selby-Olson tables.

PMID- 3840682
TI  - Identification of two binding sites for wheat-germ agglutinin on polylactosamine
      type oligosaccharides.
AB  - The carbohydrate-binding properties of wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) have been
      studied by using glycopeptides isolated from the cell surfaces of a cultured
      murine myeloid cell line (416B). The glycopeptides were passed through affinity
      columns of lentil lectin (LCA), concanavalin A (Con A) and WGA arranged in series
      so that material reaching the WGA column had failed to bind to LCA or Con A. WGA
      binding glycopeptides were step-eluted with 0.01 M, 0.1 M and 0.5 M-N
      acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), to yield weak (WGA-W), intermediate (WGA-I) and
      strong (WGA-S) affinity fractions. WGA-W and WGA-I contained 'N'- and 'O'-linked
      oligosaccharides bound to separate polypeptides. WGA-S consisted almost entirely
      of N-linked components. Our analytical work was concentrated mainly on the N
      linked fractions. In these carbohydrates WGA affinity was directly proportional
      to molecular size but inversely related to N-acetylneuraminic acid content. The
      binding of the weak-affinity fraction was dependent on N-acetylneuraminic acid,
      but the intermediate- and strong-binding species interacted with the lectin by N
      acetylneuraminic acid-independent mechanisms. N-linked glycopeptides in each WGA
      binding class were almost totally degraded to monosaccharides by the concerted
      action of the exoglycosidases neuraminidase, beta-galactosidase and beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase. Treatment with endo-beta-galactosidase caused partial
      depolymerization, yielding some disaccharides but also a heterogeneous population
      of partially degraded components. These findings suggest that WGA binds with high
      affinity to internal GlcNAc residues in large oligosaccharides containing repeat
      sequences of Gal beta(1----4)GlcNAc beta(1----3) (i.e. polylactosamine-type
      glycans). N-Acetylneuraminic acid is involved only in low-affinity interactions
      with WGA. WGA therefore displays an intricate pattern of saccharide specificities
      that can be profitably utilized for structural analysis of complex carbohydrates.

PMID- 3840684
TI  - Purification, from cultured human choriocarcinoma cells, of a 75000-Mr protein
      reacting with antibodies to a synthetic peptide based on a cloned human
      endogenous provirus nucleotide sequence.
AB  - We previously detected in cultured choriocarcinoma cells a 75000-Mr polypeptide
      defined by immunoblotting with antibody to a synthetic peptide Sp23 (Cys-Glu-Asn
      Pro-Ser-Gln-Phe-Tyr-Glu-Asp-Leu) based on a cloned human endogenous proviral
      nucleotide sequence. On immunohistological staining, anti-Sp23 stains antigen(s)
      in the syncytiotrophoblasts of first-trimester placentas and in renal-cell
      adenocarcinoma tissues. The present report describes purification to homogeneity
      of the protein from cultured choriocarcinoma cells. The procedure involves
      extraction with non-ionic detergent and h.p.l.c. using, sequentially, gel
      permeation, anion-exchange and reverse-phase columns. The yield was 110
      micrograms/g of total choriocarcinoma-cell protein. The results indicate that the
      purified protein is a monomeric and relatively hydrophilic molecule of Mr 75000.

PMID- 3840683
TI  - Increase of uncoupling protein and its mRNA in brown adipose tissue of rats fed
      on 'cafeteria diet'.
AB  - The effect of 'cafeteria diet' on mitochondrial uncoupling protein in brown
      adipose tissue of rats was examined. 'Cafeteria diet' induced an increase of the
      32 kDa uncoupling protein in electrophoresed proteins of brown-fat mitochondria.
      Use of a cDNA probe corresponding to uncoupling-protein mRNA indicated that this
      mRNA was increased in rats fed on the 'cafeteria diet'. Nevertheless, this effect
      was weak compared with that observed in rats adapted to cold.

PMID- 3840685
TI  - Involvement of 3-dehydroecdysone in the 3-epimerization of ecdysone.
AB  - The epimerization of ecdysone to 3-epiecdysone has been investigated in a
      dialysed cytosolic enzyme preparation from midgut of sixth instar Spodoptera
      littoralis larvae, with particular emphasis on establishing the intermediacy of 3
      dehydroecdysone. Incubation of ecdysone with the dialysed cytosolic preparation
      furnished 3-dehydroecdysone as the only detectable product, the reaction being
      oxygen-dependent. The enzyme preparation catalysed reduction of 3-dehydroecdysone
      to 3-epiecdysone and ecdysone in the presence of NADH or NADPH. Whereas formation
      of 3-epiecdysone greatly predominated over that of ecdysone in the presence of
      NADPH, the converse applied when the cofactor was NADH. 3-Epiecdysone incubated
      with the enzyme preparation in the presence of various cofactors was not
      metabolized, indicating the irreversibility of the reduction of 3-dehydroecdysone
      to 3-epiecdysone and, hence, of the 3-epimerization process. The foregoing
      results, together with comparison of the metabolism of 3-dehydro[3H]ecdysone and
      [3H]ecdysone by the enzyme preparation in the presence of unlabelled ecdysone and
      NADPH, support the intermediacy of 3-dehydroecdysone in the 3-epimerization of
      ecdysone.

PMID- 3840686
TI  - Characterization of a glycoprotein fraction with an unusual composition from eel
      serum.
AB  - A glycoprotein fraction was extracted from eel serum with a high carbohydrate
      content of 60% as determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Remarkable is the
      presence of glucose (5%) which is not attributable to a contaminating glycolipid.
      Affinity chromatography on wheat germ agglutinin immobilized on to agarose beads
      results in two glycoproteins with a molecular weight of 17200 and 31300,
      respectively, as determined by SDS-PAGE (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis).
      They differ markedly in their sialic acid content. All of the neuraminic acid is
      terminally bound and exclusively N-acetylated.

PMID- 3840687
TI  - The reactive site of silkworm hemolymph antichymotrypsin is located at the COOH
      terminal region of the molecule.
AB  - The complex of silkworm larval hemolymph antichymotrypsin (Mr = 43,000) and C
      chain of bovine alpha-chymotrypsin was obtained. This complex showed two NH2
      terminal amino acid sequences identical to those of intact silkworm
      antichymotrypsin and C-chain of alpha-chymotrypsin, respectively. Alkali
      treatment of the complex brought about its dissociation and the separated
      inhibitor component (Mr = 36,000) had an NH2-terminal amino acid sequence
      identical to that of intact silkworm antichymotrypsin. These results suggest that
      the reactive site of this inhibitor is located at the COOH-terminal region of the
      molecule and that the nature of association of this inhibitor and alpha
      chymotrypsin is an acyl-bond.

PMID- 3840688
TI  - Measurement of ionized calcium in blood platelets with a new generation calcium
      indicator.
AB  - Fura 2, a new generation calcium indicator, has a 30 fold brighter fluorescence
      than Quin 2, shows wavelength shifts upon calcium binding and has a relatively
      low buffering capacity for free calcium. Quin 2, the most widely used
      fluorophore, on the other hand, shows no wavelength shifts and has a very high
      affinity for free calcium. Therefore, we have compared the relative merits of
      these two fluorophores for monitoring agonist induced alterations in platelet
      cytosolic calcium. Platelets loaded with Fura 2 showed a significant rise in
      cytosolic calcium when stirred with agonists such as epinephrine, arachidonate
      and thrombin, whereas Quin 2 loaded platelets demonstrated a rise in cytosolic
      calcium only with thrombin stimulation. A rise in agonist induced calcium in Fura
      2 loaded platelets was prevented when the cells were exposed first to antagonists
      such as aspirin or prostaglandin E1. Arachidonate refractory platelets, upon
      stirring with a single agonist, did not show a significant elevation in cytosolic
      calcium. However, when refractory platelets were first exposed to epinephrine and
      then challenged with arachidonate, they revealed a significant elevation in
      cytosolic calcium. Unlike Quin 2, Fura 2 at the highest concentration tested did
      not inhibit platelet function. Improved properties of Fura 2 suggest that it may
      be a useful agent to study agonist induced alterations in cytosolic calcium
      levels in blood platelets.

PMID- 3840689
TI  - Hyaluronic acid synthesis in articular cartilage: an inhibition by hydrogen
      peroxide.
AB  - The synthesis of hyaluronic acid by bovine articular cartilage in culture was
      inhibited after treatment with xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine. Through the use
      of catalase, superoxide dismutase and the specific iron chelator
      diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, the active species responsible for inhibition
      was shown to be hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide generated by glucose oxidase
      was also inhibitory. Some recovery of hyaluronic synthesis was evident after a
      further period of culturing. Proteoglycan synthesis was inhibited in parallel
      with hyaluronic acid synthesis.

PMID- 3840690
TI  - Alterations of the cerebroside fraction of human thyroid glycosphingolipids in
      Graves' disease.
AB  - The influence of Graves' disease in human thyroid neutral glycosphingolipids was
      investigated. The major alteration was in the cerebroside fraction. Although the
      total amount of cerebroside was not different, the relative proportion of the
      bands of glucosylceramide separated on borated thin-layer plates was greatly
      modified in the disease. The band of glucosylceramide containing phytosphingosine
      and hydroxylated fatty acids decreased strongly, whereas the band with C18
      sphingosine and normal fatty acids increased simultaneously. No change was
      observed in the content of galabiosylceramide. A slight elevation was seen in the
      amount of globoside at the expense of globotriaosylceramide.

PMID- 3840691
TI  - Effects of the lipidperoxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal and related aldehydes
      on proliferation and viability of cultured Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
AB  - The mechanism by which the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal and
      several other homologous, yet non biogenic aldehydes inhibit proliferation of
      cultured Ehrlich ascites tumor cells has been studied. Incubation of cells (5 X
      10(-4)/ml) in a minimum essential medium supplemented with 10 or 20 microM 4
      hydroxynonenal reduces the 36-hr cell count to 65 and 30% of the control value.
      The reduced growth rate is most likely due to a blockage of the DNA synthesis.
      Cells labelled by a [3H]-thymidine pulse prior to exposure to 4-hydroxynonenal
      (20 microM, 8 hr) showed no change of the specific radioactivity of the DNA,
      indicating that no de novo synthesis occurred in the presence of the aldehyde. In
      the absence of the aldehyde the specific radioactivity of the DNA decreased by
      25%. A 2-hr incubation in the presence of 10 or 20 microM of 4-hydroxynonenal
      reduced [3H]-thymidine incorporation into the HClO4 insoluble fraction to 85 and
      50% of the controls, but had no effect of the [3H]-thymidine and 86Rb uptake.
      Moreover, examination of the cell cultures by the Trypan Blue exclusion technique
      revealed that 20 microM 4-hydroxynonenal does not cause cell death. The high
      reactivity of 4-hydroxynonenal towards sulfhydryl groups suggests that the
      aldehyde inhibits DNA synthesis by interacting with a functional SH group of DNA
      polymerase. The specific action on DNA synthesis is abolished at an aldehyde
      concentration of 50 microM, which leads to 30% (6 hr exposure) and 95% (36 hr
      exposure) of dead cells. The cytostatic index (CI), i.e. concentration at 50%
      Trypan Blue positive cells/concentration at 50% inhibition of cell growth
      deducted from the dose effect curves is 3.0 for 4-hydroxynonenal. The other
      homologous 4-hydroxyalkenals with chain length of 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 11 carbon
      atoms also inhibit cell growth. The CI varied from 1.20 to 1.94, indicating that
      these non biogenic 4-hydroxyalkenals have a distinctively lower specific effect
      on proliferation than the biogenic 4-hydroxynonenal. The Michael adducts of 4
      hydroxynonenal with glutathione and cysteine were nearly one order of magnitude
      less toxic than the free aldehyde, the CI (2.41 cysteine adduct, 2.06 glutathione
      adduct), however, were not improved since the growth inhibitory action was also
      reduced.

PMID- 3840693
TI  - Feeding frequency for lactating cows: effects on digestion, milk production and
      energy utilization.
AB  - The results are reported of four feeding experiments in which lactating cows were
      given fixed rations of hay and high-cereal concentrates at different meal
      frequencies. In Expt 1 the total ration was given in two and twenty-four meals
      daily and in Expts 2-4, the concentrates were given in two and five or six meals
      and the hay was given twice daily. The diets contained 600-900 g concentrate/kg.
      In all the experiments, more frequent feeding of these low-roughage diets reduced
      milk fat depression and increased milk fat yield. In each experiment the increase
      was greater with the diet containing the lower proportion of hay. There was no
      significant effect on milk yield, the protein or lactose contents of the milk or
      live-weight gain. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and energy was
      increased in one of the experiments but not in two others in which it was
      measured. More frequent feeding was calculated to increase the net energy
      secreted in milk and there was a tendency for it to increase the net energy in
      live-weight gain with diets containing 600 or 700 g concentrate/kg but to
      decrease it with diets containing 800 or 900 g concentrate/kg. These results are
      discussed in relation to theories of energy partition in lactating cows. It is
      concluded that at fixed feed intakes, the main response to increased meal
      frequency is likely to be a reduction in milk fat depression and that this will
      be confined to diets containing not more than about 200 g modified acid-detergent
      fibre/kg dry matter.

PMID- 3840692
TI  - Participation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived factor in murine tumour cell
      killing.
AB  - Previous studies showed that murine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) lyze
      tumour cells in the presence of wheat germ agglutinin or actinomycin D. This
      paper reports studies on whether a soluble factor participates in PMN-mediated
      cytolysis dependent on lectin or a chemotherapeutic drug. Tumour lysis was
      observed with supernatants from PMN cocultured with wheat germ agglutinin or
      actinomycin D. The supernatant from cultures of PMNs alone was not cytotoxic, but
      addition of these agents to the supernatant induced tumour lysis. PMNs released a
      soluble factor spontaneously into the medium and cytolysis was induced by a
      combination of this factor and wheat germ agglutinin or actinomycin D. This
      factor was not an oxygen metabolite, but a protein with a molecular weight of
      approximately 100 K daltons. These results suggest that a soluble factor(s) from
      PMNs participates in tumour killing in cooperation with appropriate reagents.

PMID- 3840694
TI  - Performance of dairy cows offered isonitrogenous diets containing urea or
      fishmeal in early and in mid-lactation.
AB  - Sixteen Friesian cows were used in Expt 1 to measure the effect of substituting
      urea-N with fishmeal-N either in early lactation (Part 1) or in mid-lactation
      (Part 2). In Part 1 (days 15-84 of lactation) the major N constituent of the
      concentrate was urea (U), urea-N: fishmeal-N in the ratio 2:1 (UF) or 1:2 (FU),
      or fishmeal (F). In Part 2 (days 84-175 of lactation) only urea (UM) and fishmeal
      (FM) were used. Replacement of urea-N with fishmeal-N significantly (P less than
      0.05) increased yield of milk protein both in early and in mid-lactation. At both
      stages of lactation the cows were, by calculation, in positive energy balance. In
      mid-lactation replacement of urea-N by fishmeal-N significantly depressed (P less
      than 0.001) the concentration of fat in milk. Blood urea concentration decreased
      with increasing fishmeal inclusion (P less than 0.05) from U to FU. In Expt 2 the
      diets used in Expt 1, Part 1, were offered at a maintenance level of feeding to
      non-pregnant, non-lactating heifers in a 4 X 4 Latin square design experiment.
      Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and cell-wall constituents increased
      progressively (P less than 0.05) with the first two increments of fishmeal
      inclusion. A major effect of replacing urea-N with fishmeal-N was to increase
      digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) and differences in DOMI between
      treatments in Expt 1, Part 1, accounted for observed differences in performance.

PMID- 3840695
TI  - The utilization by pigs of methionine from five protein concentrates compared
      with synthetic methionine.
AB  - Pigs (n 100) between 28 and 56 d of age were given diets containing one of five
      protein concentrates ad lib. The utilization of methionine from the protein
      concentrates was compared with synthetic methionine. Increasing the methionine
      content of the diets from 1.5 to 2.2 g/kg diet increased the weight gains of the
      pigs from 61 g/d to 198-292 g/d. The feed conversion efficiencies decreased from
      2.56 to 1.34-1.56. The utilization of methionine from the protein concentrates
      for weight gain, as compared with synthetic methionine, was meat meal A 0.89,
      meat meal B 0.97, soya-bean meal 1.02, cotton-seed meal 0.87 and dried skim milk
      1.04.

PMID- 3840696
TI  - Duodenal xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2) and ferroxidase activities in the rat in
      relation to the increased iron absorption caused by peroral xylitol.
AB  - The effect of peroral administration of xylitol on the absorption of iron and the
      activities of xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2) and ferroxidase in rat duodenal wall
      was studied. Adult male rats were given the basal diet containing 200 g
      xylitol/kg or the same diet containing no added carbohydrates for 8 weeks. Both
      feeding groups comprised twelve animals. Xylitol significantly increased serum
      and liver Fe concentrations with a concomitant, significant increase in the
      duodenal xanthine oxidase activities, but caused a marginal increase in the
      duodenal ferroxidase activities. In vitro, sugar alcohols reduced the binding
      rate of Fe to transferrin. The xylitol-induced increase of Fe absorption may
      involve the following mechanism: the high intraluminal xylitol concentration of
      the xylitol-fed rats keeps Fe in the form of a soluble complex for a prolonged
      period of time, due to the slow absorption of xylitol. The polyol-Fe complex in
      turn induces xanthine oxidase and ferroxidase formation.

PMID- 3840697
TI  - Hemoglobin New Mexico: beta 100 (G2) Pro----Arg. A variant hemoglobin associated
      with erythrocytosis.
AB  - Hemoglobin New Mexico beta 100 Pro----Arg was found in a 4-year-old black male
      and represents a new mutation. The propositus is also heterozygous for Hb S. The
      variant shows high oxygen affinity, reduced cooperatively, and a lowered alkaline
      Bohr effect. Addition of allosteric effectors leads to improved cooperativity and
      a Bohr effect that is similar to that of Hb A. The high percentage of the variant
      (53.5%) and its increased oxygen affinity result in erythrocytosis in this
      patient. The hemoglobin level and packed cell volume values are elevated. In
      spite of these factors the patient appears healthy and shows no discomfort. The
      altered oxygen-linked properties of this variant can be related to the fact that
      the substituted residue contributes to the alpha 2 beta 1/alpha 1 beta 2 subunit
      interface, an area that is critical not only to the allosteric transitions
      between the oxy and deoxy states but also to stabilizing the hemoglobin
      tetrameer.

PMID- 3840698
TI  - The proteins of human lung surfactant.
AB  - Human pulmonary surfactant was purified from bronchoalveolar lavage of patients.
      The proteins present in surfactant were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis into serum and non-serum components. One non-serum surfactant
      protein (Mr = 43 000) was then identified in the 100 000 X g supernatant of a
      lung homogenate on the basis of phospholipid binding. This lung protein was
      purified and partially characterized. The presence of 3-methyl histidine and
      reaction in Western blot analysis with antibody against chicken muscle actin both
      strongly suggested that the 43 000 Da protein of human surfactant is indeed
      cytoplasmic actin. It is proposed that this surfactant protein is involved in the
      secretion and not necessarily in the function of surfactant.

PMID- 3840699
TI  - Mouse monoclonal antibodies with specificity for the melanoma-associated
      ganglioside disialyllactosylceramide (GD3) also react with the structural
      analogue disialylparagloboside.
AB  - A mouse monoclonal IgM antibody, 4.2, has previously been shown to bind
      preferentially to the surface of human malignant melanoma cells and to have
      specificity for the GD3 ganglioside (NeuAc alpha 2----8NeuAc alpha 2----3Gal beta
      1----4GlcCer). Using overlay of antibodies on thin-layer chromatograms with
      glycolipids of various sources, it was shown that antibody 4.2, a further IgM and
      two IgG3 mouse monoclonal antibodies, selected on the basis of reactivity with
      GD3, also bound with similar strength to the structural analogue NeuAc alpha 2---
      8NeuAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNac beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4GlcCer or
      disialylparagloboside. The SK-MEL 28 melanoma cell line used for immunization was
      shown to contain a large amount of GD3 but to lack disialylparagloboside. The
      demonstrated cross-reactivity may be of importance when considering the use of
      these antibodies for biochemical and medical purposes.

PMID- 3840700
TI  - Evidence for plasma membrane impermeability to small ions in acrosome-intact
      mouse spermatozoa bound to mouse zonae pellucidae, using an aminoacridine
      fluorescent pH probe: time course of the zona-induced acrosome reaction monitored
      by both chlortetracycline and pH probe fluorescence.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that capacitated mouse spermatozoa bind to zonae
      pellucidae of mouse eggs with acrosomes apparently intact. The question addressed
      in this study was the following: are the membrane permeability barriers of the
      apparently acrosome-intact sperm still retained or is there a preliminary stage
      of the acrosome reaction in which these barriers are lost and the intracellular
      space becomes accessible to extracellular substrates? The experimental approach
      was to use the fluorescent pH probe 9-amino-3-chloro-7-methoxyacridine, which
      accumulates in intracellular spaces of lower pH than the suspending medium with
      the result that the cells become fluorescent. Freshly capacitated mouse
      spermatozoa bound to isolated zonae showed uniform fluorescence over the head and
      midpiece with this fluorescent probe at early times of binding. The fluorescence
      was abolished by NH4+ and nigericin, agents that equilibrate H+ across cell
      membranes. At these early times of binding, the acrosomes were fully intact as
      judged by chlortetracycline fluorescence pattern, which itself was unaffected by
      either N4+ or nigericin. The time course of the loss of this chlortetracycline
      pattern characteristic of acrosome-intactness was closely paralleled by loss of
      fluorescence of 9-amino-3-chloro-6-methoxyacridine over the first 90 min;
      thereafter, loss of the chlortetracycline pattern was somewhat more rapid. This
      result shows that acrosome-intact sperm bound to zonae pellucidae retain the
      permeability barriers of the plasma membrane to small cations; no evidence was
      found for an early stage of membrane "leakiness" preceding the acrosome reaction.
      The ionophore A23187 induced a very rapid acrosome reaction in sperm bound to
      isolated zonae, as judged with both fluorescence probes. This rapid reaction was
      partially inhibited by 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate, which, in the absence of
      ionophore, completely blocks the occurrence of the acrosome reaction in sperm
      bound to zonae. This suggests involvement of a specific calcium entry mechanism
      in the acrosome reaction of mouse sperm induced by mouse zonae pellucidae.

PMID- 3840701
TI  - Principles of evolutionary learning design for a stochastic neural network.

PMID- 3840702
TI  - Simulation modelling of the population dynamics of cereal aphids.
AB  - A simulation model explaining the population dynamics of the grain aphid
      (Sitobion avenae), a serious pest of wheat in Western Europe, is described. The
      model includes the effects of crop development and some natural enemies on the
      biology of the aphid. It is concluded that although much of the population
      dynamics of the aphid, especially in relation to its host plant, is now well
      understood, many uncertainties still remain concerning natural enemies. As these
      organisms seem able to prevent cereal aphid outbreaks, in some years, these gaps
      are presently preventing the development of a reliable forecasting scheme.

PMID- 3840703
TI  - Evolve III: a discrete events model of an evolutionary ecosystem.
AB  - Evolve III is a discrete events model of an evolutionary ecosystem. The model
      includes three levels of organization: population, organism and genetic
      structure. Each of these components was modeled independently, so that selective
      replacement of subsystems can be used to create families of models capable of
      testing alternative hypotheses about the real system. To demonstrate the use of
      the model we describe an experiment on the relationship between adaptability of
      populations and the variability of the environment. Populations cultured in a
      constant environment usually dominated those cultured in a variable environment
      when both were placed in a variable environment at an early stage of development,
      whereas the opposite is the case at later stages of development. This agrees with
      experiments on laboratory microcosms and lends credence to the potential
      predictive value of the model.

PMID- 3840704
TI  - A simulation of T4 bacteriophage assembly and operation.
AB  - A model is presented for the self-assembly and operation of a bacteriophage
      comparable with the T4 bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli. The model
      treats protein molecules as simple units obeying the principle free energy
      minimization, and exhibiting the properties of quasi-equivalence and
      conformational switching. A computer program incorporating the model has been
      developed. The results of simulation using this program are presented.

PMID- 3840705
TI  - A topological model of cell division: structure of the computer program.
AB  - The general structure of a computer program (CD3D) simulating division in a sheet
      of cells is presented. The program is based on a topological representation of
      cell division previously developed by the authors, and the biological background
      to the model is discussed. The computer modelling of the various elements of the
      model (i.e. vertices, edges and meshes) is described, and an annotated
      description of the subroutines making up the program is given in an Appendix.
      Although the program and model are specifically designed to represent cell
      division processes, the graph framework may have applicability in other
      biological subject areas where dynamic relationships between elements are
      involved.

PMID- 3840706
TI  - Recent progress in modelling and simulation of three-dimensional tumor growth and
      treatment.
AB  - This paper illustrates how to apply methods of systems analysis, control theory
      and simulation to the field of biology and medicine. For this purpose normal and
      abnormal cell growth has been modelled at different levels. It was possible to
      simulate three-dimensional tumor growth and different kinds of treatment. The
      paper shows how tumor treatment may be optimized in the long run using computer
      simulation experiments as a powerful new tool prior to clinical therapy.

PMID- 3840707
TI  - Recovering from birth: achieving a "10".

PMID- 3840708
TI  - Carbenoxolone and deglycyrrhized liquorice have little or no effect on prostanoid
      synthesis by rat gastric mucosa ex vivo.
AB  - Rats were given either carbenoxolone 50 mg kg-1, deglycyrrhized liquorice 1 g kg
      1 or vehicle by gastric tube. The doses were repeated 16 h later, and the
      stomachs removed after another 2 h. The amounts of prostaglandin E (PGE), 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2, measured by radioimmunoassay in extracts of the
      gastric corpus and antrum mucosa, were similar in the treated animals and the
      controls. We conclude that in rats, carbenoxolone and deglycyrrhized liquorice
      may exert their anti-ulcer effect by a non-prostaglandin mechanism. This
      contrasts with the mechanism through to occur in man with carbenoxolone.

PMID- 3840709
TI  - Femoral mycotic aneurysm presenting as arthritis and purpura.
AB  - A case is described with recurrent arthritis and skin rash confined to the right
      lower limb and exacerbated on each occasion by exercise. Investigation
      established this to be due to a mycotic aneurysm of the right common femoral
      artery. Treatment with excision and grafting and antibiotics resulted in full
      recovery. Mycotic aneurysm and the unusual presenting features in this case are
      discussed.

PMID- 3840710
TI  - Reiter's syndrome--a possible consequence of artificial insemination?
AB  - Artificial insemination by donor (AID) has been complicated by the transmission
      of several genital infections. We describe the case of a man with Reiter's
      syndrome whose illness followed AID treatment of his wife.

PMID- 3840711
TI  - The radiomimetic properties of a platinum drug.
AB  - CHIP (cis-dichlorobis isopropylamine trans-dihydroxy platinum IV) is a second
      generation platinum co-ordination complex which potentiates the effects of
      radiation. Comparisons of the biological effects of CHIP and X rays upon Chinese
      hamster (ovary) cells have shown similarities with respect to the shape of the
      dose-response curves, clone size distributions and perturbation of the cell
      cycle. Unlike irradiated cells however, CHIP-treated cells showed no recovery
      from sublethal damage and no variation in sensitivity throughout the cell cycle.
      CHIP is a radiomimetic drug in some respects but not in others.

PMID- 3840712
TI  - CT appearance of mycotic aneurysms of the intrapulmonary arteries in the right
      lung.

PMID- 3840713
TI  - A new technique to reconstruct the glans penis in a patient with a Buschke
      Loewenstein tumour.

PMID- 3840714
TI  - Differences in regional brain concentrations of neuropeptide Y in spontaneously
      hypertensive (SH) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats.
AB  - Regional brain concentrations of neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity (NPY) were
      measured in age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH)
      rats using a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay developed within our
      laboratory. In 5 of the 9 brain regions examined the SH rats had significantly
      lower NPY levels compared to the WKY strain. The largest differences occurred
      within the cortex (-43%), and cervical (-30%) and thoracic spinal cord (-30%),
      whilst smaller differences were observed in the midbrain (-11%) and medulla
      oblongata-pons (-18%). The concentrations of NPY in the hypothalamus and
      hippocampus did not vary between the strains. The SH rats contained significantly
      greater (+18%) NPY levels in the striatum compared to the WKY rats.

PMID- 3840715
TI  - Muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the human spinal cord: differential
      localization of [3H]pirenzepine and [3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate binding sites.
AB  - The localization of muscarinic cholinergic receptor subtypes was studied in the
      human spinal cord using in vitro labelling of cryostat sections with
      [3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate (QNB) and [3H]pirenzepine (PZ) followed by
      autoradiography. The highest densities of [3H]QNB binding were localized in
      laminae II (substantia gelatinosa) and IX (motor neurons); in contrast, the
      highest density of [3H]PZ binding was localized to lamina II where the binding
      density was 22-32% higher than in lamina IX. These results suggest that the M1
      and M2 muscarinic cholinergic receptor subtypes may be differentially localized
      in sensory and motor regions of the human spinal cord.

PMID- 3840716
TI  - Effects of nerve growth factor and heart cell conditioned medium on neurite
      regeneration of aged sympathetic neurons in culture.
AB  - The effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) and heart-cell-conditioned medium (HCM)
      on the neurite regeneration of aged sympathetic neurons were investigated in
      culture. Investigation of HCM was carried out by two different methods: one was
      the use of whole HCM on collagen substratum, which reflected component(s)
      effective in solution (HCM-S); the other was the use of polyornithine (PORN)
      binding component(s) (P-HCM). Superior cervical ganglion neurons prepared from
      male mice from 6 to 30 months of age were cultured in MEM-10% FCS on collagen or
      gelatin-PORN substratum for 3 days. The number of neurons with neurites and the
      length of neurites were quantified as neurite production and elongation,
      respectively. Neuronal survival was not affected by addition of NGF, HCM-S or P
      HCM. Neurite production of early adult neurons was enhanced by NGF, HCM-S or P
      HCM. In contrast, neurite production of aged neurons was enhanced by only HCM-S,
      but not NGF or P-HCM. HCM-S did not promote neurite elongation in neurons at any
      age. Neurite elongation of early adult neurons was enhanced by NGF or P-HCM.
      Neurite elongation of aged neurons was enhanced by P-HCM. However, responsiveness
      of NGF for neurite elongation varied according to substrata. No age-related
      difference was found in neurite production and elongation in the absence of NGF,
      HCM-S or P-HCM. These results indicate that responsiveness of aged sympathetic
      neurons is various in different growth factors.

PMID- 3840717
TI  - Vasopressin depolarizes lateral horn cells of the neonatal rat spinal cord in
      vitro.
AB  - The effects of vasopressin (VP) on lateral horn cells including a number of
      sympathetic preganglionic neurons contained in thin in vitro slices of neonatal
      rat spinal cord were investigated by means of intracellular recording techniques.
      Superfusion of (Arg8)-vasopressin (AVP, 0.01-1 microM) caused a depolarization
      leading, in the majority of lateral horn cells, to repetitive discharges. The AVP
      depolarization which could be partially reduced by low Ca/high Mg solution or
      tetrodotoxin, was accompanied by an increase in membrane resistance and the
      response was nullified near the membrane potential at which the spike
      afterhyperpolarization was abolished. A clear reversal of the response was not
      observed upon further hyperpolarization. The AVP response was blocked by the VP1
      antagonist, D-(CH2)5 Tyr (Me)-AVP, whereas, deamino (D-Arg8-vasopressin), a VP2
      agonist, at high concentrations (greater than or equal to 50 microM) was either
      ineffective or produced a small depolarization. The results indicate that AVP,
      acting mainly on VP1 receptors, excited lateral horn cells by a direct
      depolarization and an indirect effect via the release of an excitatory
      transmitter(s). A reduction of a voltage-dependent K conductance may underlie the
      depolarizing effect of AVP.

PMID- 3840718
TI  - Neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in the hamster geniculo-suprachiasmatic tract.
AB  - The distributions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP)
      immunoreactivity were examined in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the geniculate
      area of male golden hamster brains. In some cases, colchicine was injected
      intraventricularly to aid in visualization of immunoreactive cell bodies. A group
      of hamsters were given bilateral or unilateral radiofrequency lesions of the
      geniculate area and neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity was examined in the
      suprachiasmatic nucleus after survival times varying between 8 and 300 days.
      Another group of hamsters received unilateral intraocular injections of
      anterograde tracers and the overlap of NPY-immunoreactive cells in the geniculate
      area and labeled retinal afferents was assessed. It was found that NPY- and APP
      immunoreactive fibers formed a dense plexus in the ventro-lateral suprachiasmatic
      nucleus. NPY-immunoreactive cell bodies were observed in the intergeniculate
      leaflet as well as in the external lamina of the anterior portion of the ventral
      lateral geniculate nucleus. Unilateral lesions of the geniculate produced a
      relative reduction in neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in the ipsilateral
      suprachiasmatic nucleus whereas bilateral lesions produced a reduction of
      neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in both suprachiasmatic nuclei. All NPY
      immunoreactive cells in the intergeniculate leaflet were overlapped by bilateral
      retinal afferents. In the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, all NPY
      immunoreactive cells were overlapped by contralateral retinal afferents; however,
      not all such cells were in areas receiving ipsilateral retinal afferents. These
      results indicate that the hamster geniculo-suprachiasmatic tract originates in
      part from NPY-immunoreactive cell bodies and that these cells lie in areas
      receiving direct retinal afferents.

PMID- 3840719
TI  - [Clinical and dermatoglyphic findings in children of epileptic mothers].

PMID- 3840720
TI  - Temperature-dependent influence of thiols upon glutathione levels in Chinese
      hamster ovary cells at cytotoxic concentrations.
AB  - Chinese hamster ovary cells were exposed to the sulfhydryl compound cysteamine at
      different temperatures (5 degrees C, 37 degrees C, 44 degrees C) at
      concentrations known to generate activated oxygen species. At 37 degrees C, the
      cellular glutathione (GSH) content increased linearly over the time of drug
      exposure (2 h) as compared to untreated cells or to cells kept at 5 degrees C
      during drug treatment. The 2-4-fold increase in GSH induced by cysteamine was
      more rapid at 44 degrees C than at 37 degrees C and showed a saturation effect at
      the higher temperature. The elevation of GSH could be completely blocked by DL
      buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, or
      by incubation in a cystine-free medium during the period of drug treatment. The
      increased cellular GSH content induced by cysteamine alone at 37 degrees C or
      combined with heat at 44 degrees C decreased to the range of control values
      within 22 h after either treatment. Other thiols like cysteamine, namely
      cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, and dithiothreitol, were found to be similar in their
      potential to induce GSH elevation in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cytotoxic
      effects of these sulfhydryl compounds were observed in the same concentration
      range as that for cysteamine (0-2 mM), but only if cells were plated at low
      densities (10(2)-10(4) cells/flask), and were completely blocked by the addition
      of catalase (50 micrograms/ml). In contrast, the elevation of GSH after thiol
      treatment (0.8 mM) was not modified by catalase. The data suggest that thiol
      treatment combined with hyperthermia leads to a rapid increase of GSH
      biosynthesis in Chinese hamster ovary cells which seems to be independent of the
      simultaneous generation of activated oxygen species by thiol autoxidation.

PMID- 3840721
TI  - Chromosome movement during meiotic prophase in crane-fly spermatocytes: III.
      Microtubules and the effects of Colcemid, nocodazole, and vinblastine.
AB  - The effects of Colcemid, nocodazole, and vinblastine on microtubules and on the
      movement of chromosomes during late diakinesis were investigated in spermatocytes
      of the crane fly Nephrotoma suturalis. The kinds of movements observed in
      untreated cells--sex bivalent rotations, sex bivalent excursions, and rotations
      and positional changes of autosomal bivalents--also were observed in drug-treated
      cells. These results were obtained in living cells in which the disruption and
      inhibition of microtubule assembly had been confirmed with polarized light
      microscopy. Effects of Colcemid and nocodazole also were assessed in fixed cells
      using electron microscopy. The results are in agreement with a hypothesis that
      microtubules are not a force-generating component of the molecular machinery that
      brings about prophase movements.

PMID- 3840722
TI  - Zymolyase removes callose from germinating pollen and pollen tube walls.
AB  - The impermeable callosic wall that surrounds germinating pollen grains and pollen
      tubes is removed by brief treatment with Zymolyase, an enzyme preparation that
      hydrolyzes linear glucose polymers with beta-1,3 linkages. Zymolyase treatment
      does not interfere with pollen tube growth or cylosis in the vegetative cell.

PMID- 3840723
TI  - [Social prognosis of children of mothers with psychiatric problems placed in
      infant institutions and children's homes in Prague].

PMID- 3840724
TI  - Analyzing the structures, functions and evolution of two abundant
      gastrointestinal fatty acid binding proteins with recombinant DNA and
      computational techniques.
AB  - The structures of intestinal and liver fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) have
      been determined from an analysis of the nucleotide sequences of cloned cDNAs. The
      primary translation product of intestinal FABP mRNA contains 132 residues (Mr =
      15 124). Liver FABP mRNA encodes a 127 amino acid polypeptide (Mr = 14 273). In
      vitro co-translational cleavage and translocation assays showed that neither
      sequence has a cleavable signal peptide or signal peptide equivalent - suggesting
      that the FABPs do not enter the secretory apparatus but rather are targeted to
      the cytoplasm. A variety of computational techniques were used to compare the two
      FABP sequences. The results indicate that liver and intestinal FABP are
      paralogous homologues. A superfamily of proteins was defined which includes the
      FABPs, the cellular retinol and retinoic acid binding proteins, the P2 protein of
      peripheral nerve myelin, and a polypeptide known as 422 whose synthesis is
      induced during differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes. No sequence
      homologies were noted between any of these small molecular weight cytosolic
      proteins and nonspecific lipid transfer protein (sterol carrier protein 2),
      phosphatidylcholine transfer protein, serum albumin or apolipoprotein AI. The
      FABPs may have structural features responsible for lipid-protein interactions
      that are not present in these non-homologous sequences. The distribution of
      intestinal and liver FABP mRNAs in adult rat tissues and the changes in FABP gene
      expression which occur during gastrointestinal development support the notion
      that these proteins are involved in fatty acid uptake, transport and/or
      compartmentalization. However, differences in tissue distribution and periods of
      non-coordinate expression during gastrointestinal ontogeny suggest that the two
      FABPs have distinct functions. The relationship between intestinal and liver
      FABPs and similar sized cytosolic FABPs isolated from brain, skeletal and cardiac
      muscle remains unclear. Recombinant DNA techniques combined with comparative
      sequence analyses offer a useful approach for defining unique as well as general
      structure-function relationships in this group of fatty acid binding proteins.

PMID- 3840725
TI  - Improved reference-interval estimation.
AB  - We used two standard methods (the common percentile and the log-power gaussian
      transformation) and two novel methods (weighted percentile and smoothed spline
      interpolation) to estimate the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of 1000 sets of data
      from eight diverse distributional forms, generated by Monte Carlo simulation. For
      each distributional form we derived an estimate of optimal performance. Although
      none of the four proposed methods closely approximated the optimal performance
      bound, the spline interpolation method and the weighted percentile method were
      superior to the two standard methods in accurately estimating percentiles.

PMID- 3840726
TI  - A clinical and epidemiological study on eclampsia in the obstetrics and
      gynecology department of Catania in the years 1978-1983.
AB  - From January 1978 to July 1983 22 patients have recovered from eclampsia in the
      Obstetrics and Gynecology Department - Vitt. Emanuele II Hospital - Catania
      University. 64% of the patients had hypertension in pregnancy combined with edema
      in 92.85% of the cases (13 cases) and with proteinuria in 18% of the cases (4
      cases). Eclampsia manifested itself before labour in 28.57% (6 cases), during
      labour in 19.05% (4 cases), in postpartum in 19.05% (4 cases) and in the
      successive three days after delivery in 33.33% (7 cases). Perinatal death rate
      was 11.28% and in all the cases it was due to intrauterine fetal death. In 22
      patients treated there was a case of acute pulmonary edema and a case of maternal
      death.

PMID- 3840727
TI  - Association of parental consanguinity with decreased birth weight and increased
      rate of early death and congenital malformations.
AB  - Data on parental consanguinity have been recorded for all births in Norway since
      1967. Pregnancy outcome for offspring of 848 women mated to their first cousins
      were compared with offspring of 1,696 control women. The stillbirth rate was 23.6
      per thousand for cases and 13.4 for controls. The neonatal death rate was 34.9
      per thousand for cases and 14.3 for controls. The recurrence risk for sibs for
      early death was 9.4% for cases and 4.2% for controls. The mean offspring birth
      weight was significantly lower (3377 g vs. 3491 g), and the variance in birth
      weight was slightly larger for cases than controls. The percentage of children
      with malformations detected shortly after birth was 4.6% for cases and 2.2% for
      controls. The differences may be attributed to the increased homozygosity in
      offspring of first cousins. The results have relevance for genetic counselling to
      consanguineous couples, as well as for the understanding of the etiology of
      adverse pregnancy outcome and for elucidating the causes of variation in birth
      weight.

PMID- 3840728
TI  - Morbidity following low-dose-rate selectron therapy for cervical cancer.
AB  - The Christie Hospital installed a Selectron afterloading machine in 1979. By
      early 1982 it became apparent that patients treated for carcinoma of the cervix
      using the Selectron had developed a high incidence of morbidity compared with
      patients treated by the standard Manchester radium technique. Initially, the
      majority opinion was that the patients had been overdosed, because little or no
      allowance had been made for the higher dose rate of 137Cs. The results of
      investigation suggest, however, that the main factor responsible for the
      morbidity was a change in technique, previously unrecognised, in that the rigid
      137Cs applicators facilitate the use of a much higher proportion of long
      intrauterine tubes and larger vaginal components than used to be the case with
      radium. The evidence for this and the probable mechanism of the resulting damage
      are discussed.

PMID- 3840729
TI  - Acute large-bowel pseudo-obstruction.
AB  - The clinical and radiological features of acute large-bowel pseudo-obstruction
      occurring in 13 patients over a 7-year period are reviewed. Clinical features
      included atypical signs and symptoms of large-bowel obstruction and serious
      concomitant illness, including trauma in 10. The predominant radiological
      features were gross colonic dilatation, scant fluid levels, a gradual transition
      to collapsed bowel and a normal gas and faecal pattern in the rectum. Correct
      diagnosis was established by plain film and/or barium enema examination in the
      majority of cases (nine out of the 13). In the remaining four cases the diagnosis
      was made at laparotomy, although review of the radiographs suggested that the
      correct diagnosis could have been made pre-operatively in three. Instant barium
      enema is recommended in doubtful cases to rule out distal obstruction. Prompt
      recognition of the condition, with daily monitoring and conservative management,
      should eliminate unnecessary surgery and minimise the risk of caecal perforation.

PMID- 3840730
TI  - Adult hypophosphatemic osteomalacia: report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of late hypophosphatemic osteomalacia are described: a male aged 30 who
      had the disease since he was 22 and a woman of 23 who had the disease since she
      was 14. Both presented with myopathy and bone pain, and showed hypophosphatemia,
      hyperglycinuria, reduced tubular phosphate reabsorption (TPR), increased
      hydroxyprolinuria and normal iPTH and iCT values. Radiologically the male had no
      Looser's zones and the woman did. Bone biopsy confirmed hypophosphatemic
      osteomalacia. Both cases were treated with vitamin D and oral phosphate and no
      improvement was observed. When treatment with 25(OH)D3 was initiated, no
      improvement was seen and afterwards this was combined with treatment using
      1.25(OH)2D3 and from this time on a clinical improvement of the myopathy became
      evident in both patients. In the woman, healing of the bone lesions occurred at
      the same time as that of the myopathy, whereas in the male the bone lesions
      became worse. Healing of the myopathy was only obtained when treatment with
      1.25(OH)2D3 was begun. Both patients had reduced values of 2.3 erythrocytic DPG
      and low level of serum phosphorus when the myopathy was cured, which suggests a
      lack of effect of 2.3 DPG or serum phosphorus as a cause of the myopathy.
      Although this had been attributed to a deficiency in the function of 25(OH)D3,
      the response to 1.25(OH)2D3 and due to the effects of this metabolite on calcium
      transport in muscle, suggests that the myopathy which occurs in late
      hypophosphatemic osteomalacia is a result of deficiency or resistance to the
      muscular effect of this metabolite. We cannot explain the lack of bone healing in
      the man and further therapeutic studies are required.

PMID- 3840731
TI  - Neodymium-YAG laser and cataract surgery.

PMID- 3840732
TI  - Combination of flow cytometry and transbronchial needle aspiration in the
      diagnosis of mediastinal lymphoma.

PMID- 3840733
TI  - Multivariate analysis and list mode processing of murine hemopoietic
      subpopulations for cytokinetic studies.
AB  - Multivariate analyses and list mode data processing were used to obtain
      cytokinetic information on flow cytometrically distinct hemopoietic
      subpopulations. In one application, viable, unfixed hemopoietic subpopulations
      were discriminated on the basis of cyanine dye fluorescence and orthogonal light
      scatter; Hoechst dye fluorescence was measured to determine the proliferative
      status of the subpopulations. In another application, ethanol-fixed mouse bone
      marrow cells were triply stained with Hoechst dye, rhodamine-conjugated wheat
      germ agglutinin (WGA), and a fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibody against
      bromodeoxyuridine. In both of these studies, flow cytometric data for all three
      variables were acquired in list mode fashion, stored on magnetic tape, and
      processed by list mode software on a computer-based multivariable pulse-height
      analyzer. In the first application, subpopulations distinguished by cyanine dye
      intensity and light scatter appeared to be more related to cell lineage and cell
      size than proliferative status. In the second application, WGA affinity
      discriminated two subpopulations in mouse bone marrow S-phase cells in each
      subpopulation that actively incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd). List mode
      data processing obviates the need for routine electronic sorting of cells and
      thus facilitates characterization of discriminated subpopulations. In this
      regard, it is particularly useful for the study of flow cytometrically distinct,
      low frequency subpopulations.

PMID- 3840734
TI  - Computerized data retrieval system for colon surgery.
AB  - Good clinical practice is based on a continuous reevaluation of one's own work as
      compared with published standards. That which limits particularly the private
      practitioner from examining and publishing his data, is not the lack of desire,
      but the scarcity of opportunities and resources to do so. Computers as tools for
      data retrieval and analysis for research purposes and patient management have
      been available for some time. They have been of limited utility for most surgeons
      because of an inhibiting size and/or training period, and illogical design. The
      authors discuss the limitations of much of the available computer "tools," and
      present a system, METABASE, specifically designed for colon and rectal surgeons
      to use in their private practices for data retrieval and analysis.

PMID- 3840735
TI  - [Effect of the accumulation and elimination of transoleinic acid (elaidic acid)
      in the fatty tissue of rats fed a partially hydrogenated oil].

PMID- 3840736
TI  - Bioactive parathyroid hormone in the rat: effects of calcium and calcitriol.
AB  - Bioactive PTH was measured in Wistar rats under a variety of experimental
      conditions. The mean activity in normal rat sera was 0.17 +/- 0.12 ng/ml
      (expressed in terms of bovine PTH 1-34). Sera from animals reared on a vitamin D
      deficient diet showed a mean value of 0.46 +/- 0.24 ng/ml (P less than 0.01),
      whereas sera from animals with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) deficiency
      had a mean activity of 0.62 +/- 0.23 ng/ml (P less than 0.01). Dietary calcium
      deficiency also resulted in high serum PTH levels (0.71 +/- 0.34 ng/ml, P less
      than 0.01) in spite of marked elevations of serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations in
      these animals. A significant negative correlation was noted between serum calcium
      and bioactive PTH. Calcium infusions into hypocalcemic, vitamin D-deficient rats
      caused a fall in serum bioactive PTH concentrations to a mean of 13% of control
      values within 10 min. Intraperitoneal administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 to
      hypocalcemic, 1,25(OH)2D-deficient rats did not suppress serum bioactive PTH
      concentrations after 30 or 60 min even though serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations
      were greater than 900 pmol/liter in each animal at these time points. To our
      knowledge, this is the first study using PTH bioassays for physiological
      experiments in rats.

PMID- 3840737
TI  - Neuropeptide Y stimulates feeding but inhibits sexual behavior in rats.
AB  - The effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY), a tyrosine-rich peptide found in the rat
      brain, on feeding and sexual behavior were studied in male and female rats.
      Intraventricular (ivt) injections of NPY during the final hours of the light
      period induced feeding in a dose-related manner. While the lowest dose tested
      (0.02 nM) was without effect, higher doses (0.12, 0.47, 2.3 nM) uniformly
      elicited feeding with a latency of about 15 min in male rats. With the most
      effective dose, 0.47 nM, the increased food intake was due to an increased local
      eating rate. In contrast, the pattern of feeding behavior after a related
      peptide, rat pancreatic polypeptide (rPP), was quite different and less
      impressive. During the first hour, only one ivt dose of rPP (0.45 nM) evoked an
      increase in food intake, due to an increased time spent eating. Further, the
      effects of NPY on food intake were greater during the nocturnal period.
      Interestingly, increased food intake in nocturnal tests (4 h) was due solely to
      augmented intake during the first 60 min after ivt administration. In mating
      tests, initiated 2 h after the onset of darkness and 10 min after ivt
      administration of peptide, all but the lowest dose of NPY (0.01 nM) drastically
      suppressed ejaculatory behavior. Most rats treated with higher doses of NPY
      (0.02, 0.12, or 0.47 nM) mounted and intromitted only a few times before the
      cessation of sexual activity, and elongated latencies to the initial mount and
      intromission were observed. In contrast to the dramatic NPY-induced suppression
      of ejaculatory behavior, rPP (0.11 and 0.45 nM) was without effect on copulatory
      behavior. To substantiate further that the impairment of sexual behavior seen in
      NPY-treated rats was not due to an attenuated sexual ability, an additional
      experiment was performed. Penile reflexes, including erection, were monitored 10
      min after ivt injection of NPY (0.12 nM), rPP (0.11 nM), or saline. No effect of
      NPY or rPP was observed on the proportion of rats showing erection or latency to
      initial erection, or in the number of erections per test. In fact, a slight
      facilitation of penile dorsiflexion responses was seen after NPY. These findings
      suggest that NPY selectively depresses sexual motivation in the male rat. In
      ovariectomized female rats responding to estrogen plus progesterone with a good
      level of sexual receptivity (lordosis quotient greater than 70), ivt saline and
      0.01 nM NPY were without effect on sexual behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3840738
TI  - Release of catecholamines follows suckling or electrical stimulation of mammary
      nerve in lactating rats.
AB  - The hypothesis that catecholamines may be released by mammary gland stimulation
      during lactation was tested by measuring, with an HPLC electrochemical method,
      plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations during suckling in
      conscious rats and during electrical stimulation (pulses: 1 msec duration, 10/sec
      at 5-30 V) of the central end of a cut abdominal mammary nerve in urethane
      anesthetized rats. Plasma E and NE concentrations were significantly elevated in
      two different strains of rats (Wistar and Holtzman) within 5 min of suckling. The
      concentration of E and NE did not change in control unsuckled rats during the
      same time period. As a complementary indication of sympathetic activation, it was
      observed that piloerection occurred during suckling. Plasma E levels (but not NE
      levels) increased significantly within 30 sec of a 2-min period of nerve
      stimulation in lactating rats on either day 7 or day 21 of lactation, as well as
      in nonlactating rats. The effect was significantly greater in nonlactating rats.
      The levels of E and NE were not altered after sham stimulation, whereas
      adrenalectomy abolished the rise in plasma E after mammary nerve stimulation.
      Blockade of the rise in plasma E also occurred after rapid injection of 100
      microliters milk intraductally into each of two thoracic mammary glands, 15 sec
      before the onset of mammary nerve stimulation. These results show that E and NE
      can be released in response to suckling, and that activation of ductal
      mechanoreceptors may inhibit such release. These mechanisms may operate to
      regulate the rate of milk removal during suckling in the rat.

PMID- 3840739
TI  - Predicting toxicity through a computer automated structure evaluation program.
AB  - The computer automated structure evaluation program (CASE) has been extended to
      perform automatic quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR).
      Applications include the carcinogenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and
      of N-nitrosamines. Agreement with experiment is satisfactory.

PMID- 3840740
TI  - Endocrinological effects of intrathecal morphine.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate the metabolic effects of intrathecal morphine
      in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. Ten patients received 4 mg
      preservative-free morphine in 6 ml saline intrathecally before surgery and were
      compared with 10 patients anaesthetised in a similar manner, though without
      intrathecal morphine. Catecholamines, cortisol and glucose measurements were made
      during surgery and for 24 h post-operatively. The control group had a higher post
      operative requirement for papaveretum, indicating that intrathecal morphine
      provided some post-operative analgesia. In the period from end of surgery to 5 h
      after surgery, cortisol secretion was suppressed in the intrathecal morphine
      group.

PMID- 3840741
TI  - Magnetic resonance and CT imaging of diastematomyelia.
AB  - The clinical, MRI and CT features of diastematomyelia with an uncommon clinical
      course are reported. Possible pathogenetic aspects in the late onset of symptoms
      are discussed implying vascular factors. MRI provides direct visualization of the
      split cord and low conus, confirming that frontal images are preferable.

PMID- 3840742
TI  - Transplantation of human malignant and premalignant skin lesions of epidermis to
      nude mice.
AB  - Lesions of solar keratoses and squamous cell carcinoma maintained their
      histological appearance and an increased tritiated thymidine autoradiographic
      labelling index after being grafted on to nude mice. However, the values for
      their mean epidermal thickness and individual cell size appeared to decrease
      slightly during the 24-week period of study. As judged by the immunolocalization
      of involucrin antibodies, the grafts maintained a human epidermal antigenic
      profile. However, immunolocalization studies with HLA antibodies showed only a
      patchy positivity in the original premalignant lesions and were negative after
      grafting. These results indicate the potential value of the nude mouse as a model
      for studying the progress of premalignant and malignant skin lesions in an
      immunologically privileged non-human site and further indicate that solar
      keratoses can be maintained independently of systemic donor influences.

PMID- 3840743
TI  - Correlation between plasma levels of fenofibrate and lipoprotein changes in
      hyperlipidaemic patients.
AB  - Eleven hyperlipidaemic patients received two formulations of fenofibrate
      (differing in in vitro dissolution) in randomized sequence, each for 6 weeks.
      Formulation N, giving a 2-3-fold higher plasma fenofibrate level compared to R,
      lowered both the cholesterol and triglyceride levels far more than R. Changes in
      the total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were not significantly
      correlated with the fenofibrate level. A highly significant correlation was
      detected for triglycerides in Type IV patients, and for changes both in very low
      density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglycerides in the entire group of
      patients. In conditions of widely distributed steady state levels of an
      absorbable hypolipidaemic drug, a significant correlation may thus be detected
      between the plasma level and the reduction of VLDL - associated lipids.

PMID- 3840745
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of pirenzepine dihydrochloride using delta A
      method.

PMID- 3840744
TI  - Naturally occurring human "antigalactosyl" IgG antibodies are heterophile
      antibodies recognizing blood-group-related substances.
AB  - IgG autoantibodies in human serum bind selectively to a new antigen that appears
      on senescent erythrocytes, thereby initiating their removal from the circulation.
      We tested the hypothesis that these IgG molecules recognize terminal galactose
      residues, thought by some investigators to become exposed as cells age. Results
      revealed that human antibodies with an "antigalactosyl" specificity are
      heterophile antibodies directed against rabbit and not human red cells. This was
      demonstrated using hemagglutination assays and immunoblotting. Immunoblots
      performed with affinity purified antigalactosyl antibodies revealed binding of
      the antibodies to rabbit, but not human, erythrocyte membrane proteins. They have
      a broad range of specificities including anti-B, anti-I, and possibly anti-P1 and
      Pk. These heterophile antibodies are not involved in the physiological removal of
      senescent human RBC by macrophages as indicated by the data demonstrating that
      incubation of senescent red cells aged in situ with galactose prior to incubation
      with macrophages does not alter their phagocytosis. Senescent cell IgG does not
      have an antigalactosyl specificity because IgG eluted from senescent cells aged
      in situ does not bind to rabbit red cells that have exposed alpha-galactosyl
      moieties.

PMID- 3840746
TI  - Aqueous micellar systems in membrane protein crystallization. Partial miscibility
      of a nonionic surfactant in the presence of salt or polyethylene glycol.
AB  - The effects of NaCl and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 on the lower consolution
      boundary (LCB) of a nonionic surfactant (C8E5) were studied and compared.
      Micellar systems were NaCl and PEG 4000 are present are often used in membrane
      protein crystallization. While sodium chloride shifts the surfactant LCB to lower
      temperatures without a significant change in the shape of the boundary, PEG
      produces a large solubility change strongly depending on the surfactant
      concentration. The salt effect is explained by a reduced interaction of the
      micellar oligooxyethylene chains with the water and the PEG effect by an
      unfavourable configurational interaction between the C8E5 micelles and PEG
      molecules.

PMID- 3840747
TI  - Effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol administration on the rat renal vitamin
      K-dependent carboxylating system.
AB  - We have shown previously that the in vitro activity of the renal vitamin K
      dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase toward synthetic oligopeptide substrates is
      stimulated by administration of either parathyroid hormone (PTH) or 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] to rats [(1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 12783
      12786]. Here we report that administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 to rats increases their
      levels of endogenous carboxylase substrate as well. Rats fed a vitamin D
      deficient diet had highly elevated serum PTH levels while vitamin D-replete
      animals had undetectable levels. Furthermore, since PTH increases 1,25(OH)2D3
      levels by stimulating renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha-hydroxylase, it is very
      likely that the stimulatory effects of PTH on the renal vitamin K-dependent
      carboxylating system are mediated by 1,25(OH)2D3.

PMID- 3840748
TI  - Molecular forms of glucagon-like peptides in man.
AB  - Molecular forms of the glucagon-like peptides (GLP) encoded by the human
      preproglucagon gene were analysed by chromatography combined with specific
      radioimmunoassays to the synthetic peptides. Whereas extracts of human pancreas
      and a glucagonoma contained a large proglucagon cleavage product possessing both
      GLP-1 and GLP-2 immunoreactivities, extracts of human intestine contained
      products corresponding to free GLP-1 and a small amount of chromatographically
      distinct GLP-2 immunoreactivity. It is concluded that post-translational
      processing of proglucagon differs in pancreas and intestine, so that the C
      terminal portion of the molecule is cleaved to liberate free GLP-1 in the
      intestine. Further processing or degradation results in loss especially of GLP-2
      immunoreactivity.

PMID- 3840749
TI  - Computer databases.

PMID- 3840750
TI  - Variation in the lack of polyadenylation of the rat milk protein mRNAs during the
      lactation cycle.
AB  - Translationally active milk protein mRNAs were found as nonpolyadenylated mRNAs
      in the rat mammary gland during pregnancy, lactation and involution. Analyses of
      whey protein mRNA and casein mRNA with the corresponding cDNAs showed that the
      lack of polyadenylation of these mRNAs at different time points of the lactation
      cycle is not consistent with the hypothesis that polyadenylation may be
      incomplete in the mammary gland when large amounts of mRNA are synthesized. The
      fraction of whey protein mRNA and casein mRNA that lacked polyadenylation was
      inversely proportional to the concentration of each sequence in the tissue during
      pregnancy, lactation and involution. A model is proposed to explain the finding
      that in each animal the ratio of casein mRNA to whey protein mRNA was similar in
      polyadenylated RNA and in nonpolyadenylated RNA at all stages of the lactation
      cycle.

PMID- 3840751
TI  - Mammary gland fatty acid synthetase messenger RNA.

PMID- 3840752
TI  - Specific binding of [3H]heparin to bovine granulosa cell membranes.
AB  - Bovine granulosa cell membranes from small (SFM) and large (LFM) antral follicles
      were incubated with [3H]heparin, a commercial radioactively labeled
      glycosaminoglycan (GAG). Binding was specific, reversible, saturable, and
      dependent on time, pH, ionic strength and divalent cations. SFM exhibited
      different [3H]heparin binding characteristics compared to LFM. The addition of a
      physiological concentration of calcium (2 mM) yielded significant differences (P
      less than 0.02) in [3H]heparin binding for SFM (87 590 +/- 4206 dpm/10(6) cells)
      compared to LFM (55 230 +/- 2816 dpm/10(6) cells). SFM and LFM showed maximum
      [3H]heparin binding at pH 6.5 and pH 5.5, respectively. Increasing the ionic
      strength by addition of 0.07-2.0 M NaCl interfered with binding. Addition of
      unlabeled heparin (0.1-100 micrograms/ml) displaced [3H]heparin bound to SFM and
      LFM in a dose-dependent manner, as did dextran sulfate, a non-GAG sulfated
      branched polysaccharide. Commercial chondroitin sulfate ABC displaced the bound
      [3H]heparin only at doses between 50 and 500 mg/ml. GAGs purified from FF
      suppressed binding 39% at a concentration of 5.9 mg/ml. Photomicrographs of
      fluorescein-labeled heparin bound to granulosa cells showed localized areas of
      heparin binding to the cell surface. These experiments demonstrated that the GAG
      heparin specifically bound to bovine granulosa cell membranes, and that
      significant differences existed between the binding characteristics of SFM and
      LFM.

PMID- 3840753
TI  - The contribution of fetal-newborn complications to motor and cognitive deficits.
AB  - A total of 364 selected high-risk premature and mature infants were studied
      prospectively to assess the relationship between fetal-newborn complications and
      motor and cognitive deficits identified during the first year of life. Deficits
      occurred in 24 per cent of the children: 14 per cent had one or more major
      deficit and the other 10 per cent had one or more minor deficit. Prematurity was
      one of the fetal-newborn complications not associated with deficits at one year.
      Complications that were associated with deficits included fetal hypoxia,
      respiratory difficulties, infection and newborn encephalopathy. There was also a
      significant association between fetal hypoxia, newborn respiratory complications,
      infection and newborn encephalopathy, which is in keeping with the concept that
      the first three may be mechanisms in CNS injury and subsequent deficits, while
      newborn encephalopathy reflects the injury and is an important predictor of such
      deficits.

PMID- 3840754
TI  - Predictors for survival and normal neurodevelopmental outcome of infants weighing
      less than 1001 grams at birth.
AB  - Between 1979 and 1981, 67 infants weighing 1000 g or less at birth were admitted
      to the Hammersmith Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. 29 survived the
      neonatal period. Low acidosis score, without a metabolic component, was the most
      powerful predictor of survival. Other factors were gestational age, five-minute
      Apgar score, the need for ventilatory support, hypoxia, hypercapnia,
      pneumothorax, hypotension and the presence of a larger PVH. Of the 24 survivors
      followed up to three years of age, 11 were optimal, nine had some
      neurodevelopmental deficits and three had moderate functional handicap. Only one
      child has cerebral palsy and global mental retardation. Five-minute Apgar score
      and the presence of PDA correlated with normal outcome. None of the 20
      obstetrical factors examined appeared to influence either survival or
      neurological outcome.

PMID- 3840755
TI  - Effect of pirenzepine and atropine on peptone meal-stimulated gastric secretion
      and plasma gastrin in healthy volunteers, patients with duodenal ulcer and
      vagotomized patients.
AB  - The aim of this study was to compare the effects of atropine with those of
      placebo and pirenzepine on food-induced gastrin release, and gastric and acid
      secretion. Three groups of subjects were studied: 8 healthy volunteers; 8
      duodenal ulcer patients, and 6 vagotomized patients. Gastric acid secretion and
      serum gastrin were studied in each subject on 3 different days, after placebo,
      atropine or pirenzepine, given in random order. In each group, acid secretion was
      significantly depressed by atropine and pirenzepine. Unlike pirenzepine, atropine
      induced a significantly increase in serum gastrin in both healthy volunteers and
      duodenal ulcer patients. None of the treatments caused differences in gastrin
      response in vagotomized patients.

PMID- 3840756
TI  - Experimental T-2 toxicosis in swine. I. Changes in cardiac output, aortic mean
      pressure, catecholamines, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, thromboxane B2, and acid-base
      parameters.
AB  - T-2 toxin given as a single intravascular dose to swine produced a shock
      syndrome. Dosages of 0.6 or 4.8 mg/kg were administered to different groups of
      swine. Shock was characterized by reductions in cardiac output and blood
      pressure, and increased plasma concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine,
      thromboxane B2, 6-keto PGF1 alpha, and lactate. Total peripheral resistance was
      unchanged in the high-dose group but decreased in the low-dose group. Pulmonary
      vascular resistance increased in both groups. Decreases occurred in arterial pH
      and arterial oxygen partial pressure. No alterations occurred in plasma
      concentrations of histamine or serotonin.

PMID- 3840757
TI  - [Collagenous colitis, IgA deficiency, Basedow's disease and atrophic gastritis].
AB  - In a 37-year-old woman with chronic watery diarrhea of three years duration, the
      diagnostic of collagenous colitis was established by optical and ultrastructural
      examination of rectal and colonic biopsies. No other cause of diarrhea could be
      found. Moreover, this patient had also selective IgA deficiency, Grave's disease
      and chronic atrophic gastritis of auto-immune type. Sequential treatments with
      loperamide, cholestyramine and antibiotics did not modified diarrhea which
      improved with salazosulfapyridine and betamethasone enemas. These observations
      suggest that collagenous colitis might be a part of the spectrum of enteropathies
      associated with immunoglobulin deficiencies.

PMID- 3840759
TI  - A comparison of chromatin degradation in irradiated normal and tumorous lymphoid
      cells.
AB  - Irradiation of mice with doses of 2 and 4 Gy induced extensive chromatin
      degradation in the thymocytes within 6 hours accompanied by an increase in
      polydeoxynucleotide (PDN) content (36 and 42 times, respectively). Fifteen hours
      after irradiation the PDN level was considerably lower, however, still being 4.7
      and 14 times the control values after doses of 2 and 4 Gy. The PDN content in
      control LS/BL lymphosarcoma cells was similar as that in the thymocytes of non
      irradiated mice. Unlike in the thymocytes, irradiation of lymphosarcoma cells did
      induce no statistically significant increase in the PDN level 6 and 15 hours
      after the irradiation, respectively. It has been reported previously (Matyasova
      et al. 1973) that chromatin of LS/BL cells degraded similarly as that in the
      irradiated thymocytes. The results of the present experiments thus provide
      additional evidence for changes of LS/BL cell properties due to long term
      cultivation. These cells, however, are still able to react by chromatin
      fragmentation to nitrogen mustard treatment.

PMID- 3840758
TI  - [The main stages in the complex treatment of children with lymphogranulomatosis
      (Hodgkin's disease)].

PMID- 3840760
TI  - [Effect of a live tularemia vaccine on chemical mutagenesis in white rats].
AB  - The influence of immunization with tularemic live dry vaccine applied singularly
      to Wistar rats skin on mutagenicity induced by cyclophosphamide,
      methylnitrosourea, benzo (a) pyrene, chloroprene and tetrachlorbutane was
      studied. The chemical compounds indicated were injected intraperitoneally at
      doses equal to one fifth of LD50 in 15 days after vaccination. The same doses of
      these chemicals were applied to intact rats (controls). Metaphase plates were
      prepared from rat bone marrows by known methods, 9600 metaphase cells were
      studied in total. The analysis showed that cytogenetic disturbances in immunized
      animals were significantly decreased (from 1.5 to 2.6 times), as compared to
      nonimmunized animals. The possible mechanisms of reducing the quantity of
      cytogenetic disorders in myelokaryocytes of immunized rats are discussed in this
      paper. The results obtained may be both of scientific and practical significance.

PMID- 3840761
TI  - Properties of rat and mouse beta-glucuronidase mRNA and cDNA, including evidence
      for sequence polymorphism and genetic regulation of mRNA levels.
AB  - cDNA clones containing partial sequences for beta-glucuronidase (beta G) were
      constructed from rat preputial gland RNA and identified by their ability to
      selectively hybridize beta G mRNA. One such rat clone was used to isolate several
      cross-hybridizing clones from a mouse-cDNA library prepared from kidney RNA from
      androgen-treated animals. Together, the set of mouse clones spans about 2.0 kb of
      the 2.6-kb beta G mRNA. Using these cDNA clones as probes, a genomic polymorphism
      for DNA restriction fragment size was found that proved to be genetically linked
      to the beta G gene complex. A fragment of beta G cDNA was subcloned into a vector
      carrying an SP6 polymerase promoter to provide a template for the in vitro
      synthesis of single-stranded RNA complementary to beta G mRNA. This provided an
      extremely sensitive probe for the assay of beta G mRNA sequences. Using either
      nick-translated cDNA or transcribed RNA as a hybridization probe, we found that
      mouse beta G RNA levels are strongly induced by testosterone, and that induction
      by testosterone is pituitary-dependent. During the lag period preceding
      induction, during the induction period itself, and during deinduction following
      removal of testosterone, beta G mRNA levels paralleled rates of beta G synthesis
      previously measured by in vivo pulse-labelling experiments. Genetic variation in
      the extent of induction affected either the level of beta G mRNA or its
      efficiency of translation depending on the strain of mice tested.

PMID- 3840762
TI  - Isolation of full-length cDNAs encoding abundant adult human skeletal muscle
      mRNAs.
AB  - We have used a method [Gunning et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 3 (1983) 787-795] of cDNA
      clone isolation from a cDNA library that selects for clones corresponding to
      abundant mRNAs and simultaneously yields a large number of different cDNA clones
      containing a high fraction of nearly full-length inserts. We screened an adult
      human skeletal muscle (skm) cDNA library and have isolated 46 cDNA clones which
      correspond to different mRNAs expressed at significant levels in adult skm. Of
      these cDNA clones 17 appear to be muscle-specific. Eleven are expressed in both
      cardiac muscle and skm but six are expressed primarily in skm. The remainder are
      expressed in muscle as well as in human fibroblasts. Comparison of cDNA insert
      size with mRNA size for the 17 clones expressed only in skeletal plus cardiac
      muscle revealed that eight are full-length, five are not and four recognize
      multiple transcripts which prevent a definitive conclusion. These cDNA clones
      will greatly facilitate the characterization of genes which are regulated during
      human muscle development.

PMID- 3840763
TI  - Molecular cloning and sequencing of H-2Kk cDNA: comparison with other H-2 genes
      and evidence for alternative splicing.
AB  - A cDNA library was constructed from mouse L cells that were transfected with a
      human HLA-B7 gene fragment lacking the 5'-segment of exon 2 and all upstream
      sequences. A cDNA clone (pESP-C103) which is of mouse origin was detected by
      hybridization with the HLA-B7 gene. Comparison of the amino acid (aa) sequence
      predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA and the partial aa sequence of
      the H-2Kk antigen suggests that this cDNA (pESP-C103) codes for the H-2Kk
      antigen. This cDNA clone extends to the middle of the leader sequence. Comparison
      of the nucleotide and deduced aa sequences with those of other H-2 genes revealed
      an alternative splicing in exon 8 in the case of the H-2Kk gene.

PMID- 3840764
TI  - Dysdifferentiative nature of aging: passage number dependency of globin gene
      expression in normal human diploid cells grown in tissue culture.
AB  - Aging may be a result of cells drifting away from their proper state of
      differentiation. This process has been called dysdifferentiation. Normal diploid
      cells grown in tissue culture conditions undergo numerous biochemical and
      morphological changes and have a finite division potential. These changes could
      be a result of such a dysdifferentiation process. Changes in the differentiated
      state of a cell are frequently manifested by the expression of genes that are
      normally repressed. Previous studies have shown about a two-fold age-dependent
      increase of alpha and beta globin-like RNA in mouse brain and liver tissues.
      Therefore, the possible presence and increase of globin RNA was investigated in
      the nonerythroid human diploid strain WI-38 grown in tissue culture as a function
      of population doublings. A DNA X RNA hybridization technique using specific
      complementary DNA (cDNA) to alpha and beta human globin was used to detect
      possible complementary RNA sequences in total cellular RNA preparations extracted
      from cells at population doublings of 26.4 and 46. No globin-like RNA sequences
      could be detected above background noise levels for either of these two passage
      numbers. Thus, the globin RNA genes appear to be highly repressed and this degree
      of repression maintained as the culture approaches its characteristic population
      doubling limit.

PMID- 3840766
TI  - Effects of BM 15.766 on serum lipids in rats.

PMID- 3840765
TI  - Biliary excretion of radioactivity after intravenous administration of 3H-1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 in man.
AB  - Biliary radioactivity excretion was studied in 10 patients with
      postcholecystectomy T-tube drainage after intravenous administration of 3H-1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3. The mean +/- SD radioactivity excreted in T-tube bile
      expressed as a percentage of the administered dose was 18.9 +/- 10.7% per 24
      hours. After correction for incomplete bile collection the value obtained was
      28.8 +/- 12.8%. The mean chloroform solubility of the biliary radioactivity
      increased from 17.0 +/- 8.4% to 69.4 +/- 15.1% after incubation with beta
      glucuronidase. High performance liquid chromatography of chloroform extracts of
      bile revealed that most of the eluted radioactivity was more polar than
      1,25(OH)2D3. The percentage radioactivity eluting as 3H-1,25(OH)2D3 increased
      from approximately 2.4 +/- 1.9 to 16.2 +/- 8.0 after incubation with beta
      glucuronidase. We conclude that significant amounts of intravenously administered
      3H-1,25(OH)2D3 are excreted in bile, mostly as more polar metabolites. The
      increase in free 3H-1,25(OH)2D3 after incubation with beta-glucuronidase
      indicates that glucuronides of 1,25(OH)2D3 are present in bile.

PMID- 3840767
TI  - Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical
      study with a review of the literature.
AB  - Forty-one cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans are presented. The clinical
      features and histopathological appearances are described. Immunohistochemical
      staining of thirteen cases with antisera to lysozyme, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
      and S-100 protein has provided no evidence to support either a histiocytic or
      neuroectodermal origin for these tumours. In reviewing the literature, the
      histogenetic origin, differential diagnosis and malignant potential of
      dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans are discussed.

PMID- 3840769
TI  - Computer-assisted planimetry.

PMID- 3840768
TI  - Primary choriocarcinoma of the lung.
AB  - Choriocarcinoma was found in the lung of a 34-year-old woman. Examination of the
      patient's entire body, especially the genital tract, failed to disclose foci of
      choriocarcinoma other than that in the right lung. After surgery, the levels of
      human chorionic gonadotropin in the blood and the urine fell. It was concluded
      that the choriocarcinoma of the lung was, in fact, the primary tumor. The genesis
      of choriocarcinoma was also studied in ten patients who died after delivery or
      abortion. Autopsy disclosed trophoblasts in the pulmonary arteries in nine of
      these ten patients. These findings suggest that primary choriocarcinoma in women
      is due to pulmonary embolism caused by trophoblasts at the time of abortion or
      delivery.

PMID- 3840770
TI  - A comparison of moving dipole inverse solutions using EEG's and MEG's.

PMID- 3840771
TI  - GAITSPERT: an expert system for the evaluation of abnormal human locomotion
      arising from stroke.

PMID- 3840772
TI  - Lymphoid procoagulant response to bacterial endotoxin in the rat.
AB  - A number of species respond to bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS])
      wherein cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage are rapidly induced either
      directly or via T-cell collaboration to initiate the extrinsic coagulation
      protease pathway. This results in fibrin formation and deposition as well as
      consumption of plasma coagulation proteins. It has been claimed that this
      cellular response, basic to the Shwartzman reaction, is lacking in rats and may
      account for the more limited severity of the Shwartzman reaction in this species.
      We examined the in vitro lymphoid procoagulant response in Fischer 344, Brown
      Norway, and Lewis rats. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) were
      stimulated in vitro with LPS, a procoagulant activity (PCA) response was observed
      when assayed by acceleration of clotting of recalcified human or rat platelet
      poor plasma. The response was rapid, with a maximum achieved at 4 h. PCA was not
      physically dissociated from viable PBM by 5 mM EDTA, which is consistent with the
      presence of an intrinsic plasma membrane initiator molecule rather than calcium
      bound gamma-carboxylated glutamic acid-containing proteases. The induction of
      monocyte PCA was prevented by incubation of cells with cycloheximide or
      actinomycin D, implicating a new biosynthetic requirement. Cultivation of PBM
      with warfarin did not diminish the function of the effector PCA, nor did vitamin
      K augment the function of the endotoxin-induced PCA, indicating that the
      functional activity was not attributable to gamma-carboxylated glutamic acid
      containing proteins. No inhibition of the cellular PCA molecule was produced by
      serine protease inhibitors. The LPS-induced PCA appeared to involve a tissue
      factor-like molecule since both factors X and VII were required in mediating PCA.
      Isolation of monocytes and T lymphocytes from LPS-stimulated PBM demonstrated
      that PCA was present in the monocyte-rich fraction. When isolated rat T
      lymphocytes and monocytes were separately exposed to LPS, PCA was not induced. In
      contrast, when the cells were combined, LPS induced PCA, indicating that the PCA
      response involved cellular collaboration between cells present in T lymphocyte
      and monocyte populations.

PMID- 3840773
TI  - Road traffic noise annoyance in Amsterdam.
AB  - 3445 persons living in Amsterdam (1507 male and 1938 female), aged 41-43 years,
      participated in an investigation in which the relationship was studied between
      the (measured) road traffic noise in front of the houses in which the
      participants lived, and the (reported) resulting annoyance and sleep disturbance.
      We found a smaller number of persons with annoyance and sleep disturbance than we
      had expected as a result of other investigations. Considerable differences in the
      annoyance experience were found for different categories of noise-sensitivity.
      Furthermore, a negative appreciation of other environmental noises and of the
      living environment increased the prevalence of traffic noise annoyance. Noise
      sensitivity and this appreciation are mutually dependent: noise-sensitive people
      have a greater risk of being annoyed by other sounds (aeroplanes, neighbours,
      work) as well, and they have less appreciation of their living environment. Noise
      sensitivity appears to be more strongly represented amongst persons with a higher
      socio-economic status. In favour of the point of view that an important
      contribution to annoyance is of nonacoustic character, is the finding that both
      annoyance and sleep disturbance are greater amongst people who keep their windows
      closed at the exposed side of their home.

PMID- 3840774
TI  - Adipoblasts from the Zucker fafa rat.
AB  - In vitro experiments using both primary fetal hepatocyle cultures and adipoblast
      cultures have demonstrated that the presence of the fa gene is associated with
      decreased synthetic capacity, when compared to wild-type cultures. These results
      are in contrast to the elevated lipogensis and lipoprotein-lipase activities
      found in vivo in young adult obses (fafa) Zucker rats compared to their lean
      littermates. These studies used adipoblast cultures to address three possible
      explanations for these in vitro-in vivo differences: 1) FaFa and fafa adipoblast
      cultures represent different cell populations with intrinsically different
      abilities to differentiate, ie, to lipid-fill. 2) The decreased synthetic
      capacities in fafa vs FaFa adipoblast cultures are specific to cultures derived
      from the epididymal pad. 3) Cultured adipoblasts produce factor(s) that affect
      adipoblast differentiation in vitro. Results indicate that 1) the rate of
      differentiation is slower in fafa than in FaFa adipoblasts 2) there are depot
      related differences in lipid metabolism, but these differences do not negate the
      in vitro association between the fa gene and decreased synthetic capacity and 3)
      FaFa epididymal-derived adipoblasts produce a factor(s) that affects inguinal
      derived adipoblast differentiation and/or growth in vitro. Thus it is important
      to take both the site of cell origin and culture conditions into consideration
      when using in vitro systems as an approach to understanding complex in vivo
      disorders, such as obesity in the Zucker fafa rat.

PMID- 3840775
TI  - The effect of brown fat removal on the development of obesity in Zucker and
      Osborne-Mendel rats.
AB  - Removal of significant amounts of brown fat in young Zucker rats maintained at
      room temperature triggered compensatory changes in the remaining brown fat
      depots. These changes, which occurred to a greater extent in the lean than in the
      obese rats, enhanced the thermogenic potential of the remaining depots, thus
      possibly accounting for the lack of increased adiposity in these lipectomized
      rats. When the Zucker rats were maintained in the cold, rather than at room
      temperature, their ability to compensate for removal of the scapular brown fat
      was compromised, particularly in the obese animals. Under such conditions, the
      amount of functional brown fat was significantly reduced, and the amount of body
      fat elevated. In the lipectomized Zucker rats, this increase in adiposity was
      accompanied by increased body mass. In contrast, in the cold-exposed Osborne
      Mendel rats, where lipectomy was not accompanied by compensatory increases in the
      mass and cellularity of the remaining brown fat depots, increased body fat
      occurred in the absence of any increase in food intake or in total body mass.

PMID- 3840776
TI  - Direct non-insect-vector transmission of Leishmania parasites in mice.

PMID- 3840777
TI  - Interaction of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine with calf thymus histone H1.
AB  - The interaction between dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine and calf thymus histone
      H1 has been studied. A protein-phospholipid complex, resulting from this
      interaction, has been isolated by centrifugation in a sucrose gradient. The
      phospholipid-histone interaction causes an increase in the alpha-helix content of
      the protein; the corresponding conformational transition is observed by CD
      studies in the far-u.v. region. The only tyrosine residue of the protein can be
      advantageously used as an intrinsic fluorescent probe; thus, fluorescence spectra
      indicate that protein folding induced by phospholipids is concomitant with the
      tyrosine transfer into a more hydrophobic environment. The trypsin-resistant core
      of the histone is also folded in the presence of the phospholipid but the
      conformational transition occurs at lower lipid concentration than for the intact
      protein. Fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene indicates
      that the protein shifts the transition temperature of the phospholipid from 41.5
      to 44.0 degrees. Secondary structure prediction of the trypsin-resistant core of
      the histone indicates the existence of an amphipathic helix that could be
      responsible for the lipid-protein interaction.

PMID- 3840778
TI  - Flow determination using computed tomography: application to aortic dissection.
      Part I.
AB  - The CT method of flow determination evaluated in this study was based on the
      application of contrast enhancement dynamics. In order to characterize flow, such
      parameters as mean transit time, rise time, peak CT value, curve width and
      variance, and others were derived from the venoarterial indicator dilution curves
      using a perfect mixers-in-series model of curve fitting analysis and a bolus
      injection of contrast medium. The technique was first validated in a steady state
      phantom model that simulated in vivo conditions of right-sided mixing closely by
      the introduction of a number of mixers. A series of flows through small tubes was
      measured. Good correlation was obtained (r = .85). For a fixed number of mixers,
      the central second moment of the primary peak of the indicator dilution curve or
      variance decreased with increasing flow and peak CT value increased. Applied to
      the clinical situation, this method would allow characterization of blood flow
      using an intravenous bolus of contrast.

PMID- 3840779
TI  - Inhibition of the vascular actions of IgG aggregates by BN 52021, a highly
      specific antagonist of paf-acether.
AB  - The effect of BN 52021, a selective antagonist of paf-acether (Braquet GB patent
      8, 418, 424 July 19, 1984), was studied in normotensive rats challenged with
      different doses of paf-acether. Sudden death was observed in animals receiving an
      i.v. dose of 10 micrograms/kg of paf-acether and this was prevented by prior
      treatment with BN 52021 (5 mg/kg, i.v.). Animals receiving 2.5 micrograms/kg of
      paf-acether had a fall of mean arterial pressure of 92.5 +/- 4.7 mmHg which
      recovered to the prechallenge level 20.5 +/- 0.2 min thereafter. Previous
      treatment with BN 52021 (5 mg/kg, i.v.) reduced the mean arterial pressure fall
      to 47 +/- 0.9 mmHg and the time of recovery to 5.7 +/- 1.7 min. The extravasation
      of 125I-bovine serum albumin under the above conditions was reduced by BN 52021
      from 36 +/- 3 to 18 +/- 3%. A lower dose of BN 52021 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) was also
      effective in reducing later extravasation, but was unable to prevent the
      extravasation which appears up to 10 min after the injection of paf-acether. To
      extend these findings to a model of endogenous production of paf-acether, other
      animals were challenged with soluble aggregates of human IgG (40 mg/kg, i.v.;
      Inarrea et al., Immunopharmacology 6:7, 1983).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3840780
TI  - On parallel tracts: protecting human subjects and animals.

PMID- 3840781
TI  - [Zinsser-Engman-Cole syndrome (dyskeratosis congenita)].
AB  - A 41-year-old man with skin lesions typical of Dyskeratosis congenita had lost a
      great deal of weight in a relatively short time. Intensive examination of the
      internal organs indicated that some changes had taken place that were typical of
      the dermatological diagnosis, but so far clinical examination has not found a
      neoplasm or other severe internal diseases.

PMID- 3840782
TI  - Why D.O. family physicians hesitate to refer to D.O. specialists.

PMID- 3840783
TI  - The impact of senior clinical clerkships on choosing a rural practice location.

PMID- 3840784
TI  - The cochlear implant: a new approach in the treatment of the profoundly deaf.

PMID- 3840785
TI  - Developments in residency programs for the osteopathic profession.

PMID- 3840786
TI  - Supervoltage radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy: CCABC technique and
      results.
AB  - A treatment technique employing retrobulbar supervoltage radiotherapy (XRT) in
      Graves' ophthalmopathy is described. Twenty-eight patients have been treated and
      followed between 1980-1983. Twenty-six of 28 patients (93%) showed some response,
      with 19/28 (68%) having a good to excellent response. Four of 28 (14%) had
      recurrent symptoms post-XRT. Soft tissue signs and symptoms were relieved and
      disease progression arrested in the majority of patients, but proptosis and
      ophthalmoplegia responded poorly. High dose corticosteroids have generally been
      the alternative form of therapy for this disease. Post-XRT, 24/28 (86%) of
      patients have had no further steroid requirements, and been spared the associated
      complications. Treatment was well tolerated, with only five patients (18%)
      demonstrating a transient worsening of symptoms which settled entirely within 2
      weeks. No long-term complications have been encountered. Eleven patients had post
      XRT CT scans which were compared to pre-treatment scans and clinical response.
      Nine of 11 patients (82%) had CT changes in general agreement with the observed
      clinical response, but the degree of involvement seen on the initial CT scan was
      not predictive of response nor the risk of relapse. XRT with the described
      technique is felt to be an effective, safe, and practical approach to the
      disabling and disfiguring complications of severe Graves' ophthalmopathy.

PMID- 3840787
TI  - The use of ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis in the bitch.
AB  - Twenty-three Greyhound bitches housed at 3 breeding kennels were examined for
      pregnancy via transabdominal palpation and ultrasonography. Pregnancy was timed
      from the calculated day of ovulation (day of ovulation = day when first pup was
      whelped--63), and from a single breeding date (day 0). Starting on day 10 after
      ovulation, 9 bitches were monitored every 3 days by ultrasonography only, to
      determine gestational vesicle sizes during gestation and the time when fetal
      movements and heartbeats could be first detected. The other 14 bitches were
      examined by ultrasonography and transabdominal palpation on the same day every
      week, starting on postovulation day 19, to compare the effectiveness of the 2
      methods of pregnancy determination. Parturition was the final determinant of
      pregnancy status. The earliest correct diagnosis of pregnancy was at 18 days
      after ovulation, but fetal movements and heartbeat could not be identified until
      days 28 and 35, respectively. Estimation of fetal numbers by ultrasound or
      palpation was not reliable when there were more than four in the litter.
      Pregnancy and nonpregnancy were correctly determined by both methods in an
      increasingly greater number of bitches as gestation progressed, but
      ultrasonography was more accurate at all stages; on days 19 to 22, 26 to 30, 34
      to 38, and greater than 40 after ovulation, correct diagnoses were made in 33%,
      42%, 50%, and 75% of the bitches by palpation and in 42%, 67%, 75%, and 83% of
      the bitches by ultrasonography. The most common error was failure to detect
      pregnancy by palpation or ultrasonography in bitches with small litters and tense
      abdominal muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3840788
TI  - Cell kinetics of growth cartilage of achondroplastic (cn) mice.
AB  - Mice homozygous for the recessive gene achondroplasia (cn) aged 16 and 17 days
      and some homozygotes aged 22-34 days have disruptions in the growth of the
      proximal tibial growth plate which are due solely to reduced hypertrophic cell
      height. A second class of homozygote, distinguishable at 22 days, has a greater
      disruption due to much reduced hypertrophic cell height, reduced labelling index
      and reduction of the number of cells in the effective proliferative zone.

PMID- 3840789
TI  - Metabolic products of microorganisms. 225. Elloramycin, a new anthracycline-like
      antibiotic from Streptomyces olivaceus. Isolation, characterization, structure
      and biological properties.
AB  - Elloramycin (1), a new antibiotic produced by Streptomyces olivaceus strain Tu
      2353, was detected by chemical screening. The dark yellow compound, molecular
      formula C32H36O15, is weakly active against a variety of Gram-positive bacteria,
      especially streptomycetes and against stem cells of L-1210 leukemia. Acidic
      hydrolysis of the antibiotic liberated elloramycinone (3) as aglycone and 2,3,4
      tri-O-methyl-L-rhamnose, which was identified as methyl glycoside 5b. The
      structure of elloramycin was established by comparison of the spectra (UV, 1H
      NMR, 13C NMR) with those of the known tetracenomycin C (2), 3 and the fact that 2
      and 3 gave the same tetramethyl ether after permethylation. Elloramycin is an
      anthracycline-like antibiotic, the aglycone resembles tetracenomycin C, the sugar
      is connected in a phenolic alpha-glycosidic linkage.

PMID- 3840790
TI  - Luminamicin, a new antibiotic. Production, isolation and physico-chemical and
      biological properties.
AB  - A new antibiotic, luminamicin, was isolated from the culture broth of an
      actinomycete strain OMR-59. It exhibits antibacterial activity against anaerobic
      bacteria, especially against Clostridium sp. The molecular formula of the
      antibiotic was determined as C32H38O12 on the basis of high resolution mass
      spectrum, elemental analysis and NMR spectrum.

PMID- 3840791
TI  - Lactoquinomycin, a novel anticancer antibiotic. I. Taxonomy, isolation and
      biological activity.
AB  - Lactoquinomycin, a novel basic antibiotic, was isolated from the culture broth of
      a soil streptomyces by repeated solvent extraction and adsorption column
      chromatography. Morphological, cultural and physiological studies revealed that
      the organism belongs to the species Streptomyces tanashiensis. The antibiotic was
      active against bacteria, particularly Gram-positive organisms, and neoplastic
      cells in vitro. Antibiotic-resistant cell sublines of L5178Y lymphoblastoma were
      more significantly inhibited by lactoquinomycin than the parental cell line.
      Lactoquinomycin was effective against Ehrlich carcinoma in mice.

PMID- 3840792
TI  - Lactoquinomycin, a novel anticancer antibiotic. II. Physico-chemical properties
      and structure assignment.
AB  - Lactoquinomycin, a new antibiotic, C24H27NO8, mp 151 approximately 159 degrees C
      (dec), FAB-MS: m/z 458 (MH+), is a basic substance, showing UV lambda MeOHmax
      (epsilon) 215 (37,600), 254 (10,700) and 432 nm (4,760), and IR nu CHCl3max 1790
      (gamma-lactone), 1665 and 1650 (quinone) cm-1. The structure of lactoquinomycin
      has been elucidated by 1H NMR and ORD in comparison with those of kalafungin.

PMID- 3840794
TI  - Studies on the ionophorous antibiotics. XXVIII. Moyukamycin, a new glycosylated
      polyether antibiotic.

PMID- 3840793
TI  - Potent antitumor antibiotic complex: PD 114,759, PD 115,028, PD 119,707, and PD
      119,193.
AB  - Four novel antitumor antibiotics (PD 114,759, PD 115,028, PD 119,707 and PD
      119,193) are produced as a complex by a new species of Actinomadura. The proposed
      name for the culture is Actinomadura verrucosospora subsp. veractimyces ATCC
      39363. The antibiotics are extremely bioactive, with MIC values of less than
      0.006 ng/ml against several bacteria and ID50 values of 0.003 approximately 0.107
      ng/ml against L1210 leukemia cells in vitro. Antitumor activities vs. P388
      leukemia in vivo were observed at doses of 0.313, 0.40, and 0.5 micrograms/kg
      (daily X 5) for PD 119,707, PD 115,028, and PD 114,759, respectively.

PMID- 3840795
TI  - A new antitumor antibiotic, guanine 7-N-oxide produced by Streptomyces sp.

PMID- 3840796
TI  - Saquayamycins, new aquayamycin-group antibiotics.
AB  - From the culture broth of Streptomyces nodosus MH190-16F3, four new antibiotics
      have been isolated, and named saquayamycins A, B, C and D. The compounds are
      glycosides of aquayamycin, and among aquayamycin-group antibiotics they are most
      closely related to P-1894B (vineomycin A1). All saquayamycins act on Gram
      positive bacteria and inhibit the growth of adriamycin-sensitive and adriamycin
      resistant P388 leukemia cells.

PMID- 3840797
TI  - Structure activity relationships of synthetic antibiotic analogues of
      chryscandin.
AB  - Anti-yeast activity with a series of chryscandin derivatives showed that the O
      methyl-L-tyrosyl moiety is not always required for activity at the target site.
      On the other hand, the adenyl-3'-aminoribofuranuronic acid moiety seems to be
      essential for biological activity. Therefore, the various acyl derivatives on the
      amino group of the sugar part of the nucleoside were synthesized. 1-(6-Amino-9H
      purin-9-yl)-3-(S-benzyl-L-cysteinylamino)- 1,3-dideoxy-beta-D-ribofuranuronic
      acid (16) showed the highest efficacy among them against Candida albicans. It
      exhibited sixteen-fold enhanced activity in vitro compared with that of native
      chryscandin. The in vivo activity of 16 against experimental infection of C.
      albicans showed the almost same as that of 5-fluorocytosine and a superior to
      that of ketoconazole.

PMID- 3840798
TI  - Structure of awamycin, a novel antitumor ansamycin antibiotic.

PMID- 3840799
TI  - In-vitro activity of BMY 28142, a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin.
AB  - The in-vitro activity of BMY 28142, a new alpha-methoxyimino aminothiazolyl
      cephalosporin, was determined by microdilution broth techniques. The agent
      demonstrated excellent activity against recent clinical Enterobacteriaceae
      isolates with a 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of 0.25 mg/l or less
      for all but one species tested. BMY 28142 inhibited all Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      strains tested (MIC90 = 8.0 mg/l) as well as most other non-fermentative bacteria
      studied. Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to BMY
      28142 with MIC90 = 4.0 mg/l, while methicillin-resistant strains were generally
      resistant (MIC range 8- greater than 32 mg/l).

PMID- 3840800
TI  - Pulmonary physiological and surfactant changes during injury and recovery from
      hyperoxia.
AB  - The time course of lung injury and recovery from a sublethal exposure to 100% O2
      was investigated in adult rabbits. Animals were exposed to 100% O2 for 64 h and
      then returned to room air for varying periods of time up to 200 h. By the end of
      the exposure period, the alveolar permeability to solute increased significantly,
      and biochemical analyses of bronchoalveolar lavages showed a 30% decline in
      phospholipid content and a threefold increase in protein levels. However, other
      parameters such as wet-to-dry lung weight ratios, blood gas values, and pressure
      volume mechanics were not significantly different from control levels after 64 h
      of hyperoxia. Twenty-four hours postexposure, alveolar phospholipid levels had
      declined even further (51% of control), and mean protein levels in lavage
      increased to eight times control values. These lavages exhibited severely
      impaired dynamic surface activity at 37 degrees C and 100% humidity in an
      oscillating bubble apparatus. In addition, total lung capacity, lung compliance,
      and arterial O2 partial pressure declined greatly at this time. Between 12 and 48
      h postexposure, animal mortality was 35%; the remaining animals survived, and
      physiological parameters returned to normal by 200 h postexposure.
      Bronchoalveolar lavages from the recovered animals contained protein levels equal
      to those of controls and phospholipid levels approximately twice those in control
      lavages. Lavage surface activity also returned to normal by the 200 h
      postexposure time point.

PMID- 3840801
TI  - Effects of high-frequency and conventional ventilation on the premature lamb
      lung.
AB  - Twelve sets of twin lambs were delivered prematurely by cesarean section at 133
      136 days gestational age and ventilated for 3 h with either high-frequency
      oscillation (HFO) or conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV). Blood gases and
      pH values were monitored at 30-min intervals, and ventilator settings were
      adjusted to maintain CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) values within the normal range.
      There were no differences in the sequential blood gas or pH values between the
      HFO or CMV lambs. Mean airway pressures (MAP) between 8.0 and 20.4 cmH2O were
      required, indicating lung disease of variable severity in the lambs. The
      bidirectional protein leak from the vascular space to the airways and alveoli and
      vice versa was measured with radiolabeled albumins given by intravascular
      injection and with fetal lung fluid at birth. The albumin leaks in both
      directions increased as MAP required to normalize PCO2 increased, but the degree
      of leak was independent of type of ventilation. Pathological findings of
      epithelial necrosis and hyaline membranes occurred to a similar extent in lung
      sections from both groups of lambs. In the HFO animals less phosphatidylcholine
      in the alveolar wash and more of a tracer dose of radiolabeled natural surfactant
      that had been given at birth became tissue associated. These results indicate a
      decrease in the initial secretion of surfactant and/or a stimulation of reuptake
      in the HFO animals. HFO did not protect the immature lung from the development of
      large protein leaks or the pathological changes of the respiratory distress
      syndrome.

PMID- 3840802
TI  - Phosphorylation of regulatory light chain a (RLC-a) in smooth muscle myosin of
      scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis.
AB  - One of the two regulatory light chains, RLC-a, of scallop smooth muscle myosin
      was fully phosphorylated by myosin light chain kinase of chicken gizzard muscle.
      The residue phosphorylated was Ser. It may be the Ser at number 11 from the N
      terminal. The sequence of 9 residues around the Ser-11, QRATSNVFA, is identical
      with that around the phosphorylatable Ser of LC20 of chicken gizzard myosin. RLC
      a was also phosphorylated slowly by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The
      phosphorylation of RLC-a may be involved in the regulatory system for the catch
      contraction of scallop muscle.

PMID- 3840803
TI  - The primary structure of the precursor of chicken mitochondrial aspartate
      aminotransferase. Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA.
AB  - The mitochondrial isoenzyme of aspartate amino-transferase (mAspAT; subunit Mr
      45,000) is synthesized on free polysomes in the cytosol as a precursor of higher
      Mr (pre-mAspAT; Sonderegger, P., Jaussi, R., Christen, P., and Gehring, H. (1982)
      J. Biol. Chem. 257, 3339-3345). We have isolated three overlapping cDNA clones
      that correspond almost to the full length of pre-mAspAT mRNA with 100 nucleotides
      at the 5' end missing. The mRNA is 2.1 kilobase pairs long and has a 3' noncoding
      region of 0.7 kilobase pairs. The cDNAs code for the 401 amino acid residues of
      mAspAT plus an NH2-terminal pre-piece. Deviations from the reported amino acid
      sequence were found at positions 154 and 202 where the cDNA specifies Gln instead
      of Glu. The pre-piece consists of 22 amino acid residues, among them 4 arginine
      and no acidic residues.

PMID- 3840804
TI  - Reversibility of IVS 2 missplicing in a mutant human beta-globin gene.
AB  - We have studied the aberrant splicing of a human beta thalassemia globin gene by
      expression of the cloned gene in HeLa cells and oligomer-directed mutagenesis. A
      mutation 705 nucleotides into the large intervening sequence (IVS 2) of this gene
      leads to missplicing in which IVS 2 is incompletely removed, via two aberrant
      splices, from the vast majority of transcripts. One splice is from the 5' end of
      IVS 2 to a normal sequence 580 nucleotides into IVS 2 and another is from the
      mutated site 705 nucleotides into IVS 2 to the 3' end of the IVS. To study the
      splicing of this gene further, a mutation was introduced into the cryptic 3'
      splice site at position 580. This results in the complete removal of IVS 2
      despite the presence of the thalassemia mutation at 705. The reversal of abnormal
      splicing by a change in the cryptic splice site suggests that the two abnormal
      splices are subtly interdependent. Thus, single base changes within IVS 2 can
      drastically alter the pattern of splicing in a human beta-globin gene.

PMID- 3840806
TI  - Activation of ornithine decarboxylase in monolayer cells treated with trypsin.
AB  - When monolayer Chinese hamster cells are treated with trypsin for short periods
      of time, ornithine decarboxylase (ODCase) activity increases two- to fourfold.
      This increase can be blocked by aprotinin, a protease inhibitor, and is not
      observed when cultures are dislodged from substrate mechanically prior to contact
      with exogenous trypsin. The trypsin-induced increase in ornithine decarboxylase
      activity is not due to degradation of enzyme or inhibitor molecules or to new
      enzyme synthesis. Immunoprecipitable protein, radiolabeled with [3H]alpha
      difluoromethylornithine in vitro, is the same molecular weight in cells harvested
      with or without trypsin. Protein-bound levels of this specific enzyme-activated
      irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase are unchanged by trypsin
      treatments that increase enzyme activity. Trypsin treatment of rat embryonic
      fibroblasts, transformed by a temperature-sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus,
      increases ODCase activity in cells growing at the nonpermissive, but not at the
      permissive, temperature for the transformed phenotype. These results suggest that
      ornithine decarboxylase can be activated by exogenous trypsin treatment in a
      manner that is dependent on cell adhesion properties, which are modified in
      transformed cells.

PMID- 3840805
TI  - Chemotaxis of Arbacia punctulata spermatozoa to resact, a peptide from the egg
      jelly layer.
AB  - Resact, a peptide of known sequence isolated from the jelly layer of Arbacia
      punctulata eggs, is a potent chemoattractant for A. punctulata spermatozoa. The
      chemotactic response is concentration dependent, is abolished by pretreatment of
      the spermatozoa with resact, and shows an absolute requirement for millimolar
      external calcium. A. punctulata spermatozoa do not respond to speract, a peptide
      isolated from the jelly layer of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs. This is the
      first report of animal sperm chemotaxis in response to a defined egg-derived
      molecule.

PMID- 3840807
TI  - Determination of atracurium, laudanosine and related compounds in plasma by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3840809
TI  - Topographic organization of the optic radiation of the cat.
AB  - Pairs of injections of different neuroanatomical tracers--peroxidase-conjugated
      wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) and [3H]proline--were made into the lateral
      geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the cat, and the course of the labeled fibers in the
      optic radiation was reconstructed. When the two injections were widely separated
      in the rostrocaudal dimension of the LGN (i.e., one in the representation of the
      lower quadrant of the visual field and one in the upper quadrant), the two sets
      of labeled fibers also remained separated in the long (roughly rostrocaudal) axis
      of the optic radiation. When the injections were widely separated in the
      mediolateral dimension of the LGN (i.e., one at the representation of the area
      centralis and one on the horizontal meridian in the far periphery of the field),
      the two sets of labeled fibers were separated in the short (mediolateral)
      dimension of the radiation. Shortly before reaching area 17, however, the
      medially and laterally placed fibers exchanged positions. This crossing is the
      basis of the topological inversion in the optic radiation deduced previously by
      Connolly and Van Essen (J. Comp. Neurol. 226:544-564, '84). The retinotopic
      organization of fibers in the radiation is less precise (in either dimension)
      than that of their terminal arborizations in visual cortex, but even injections
      as close as 1 mm to each other gave rise to spatially distinct fiber
      distributions. The WGA injections also labeled the corticogeniculate fibers by
      retrograde transport; these fibers traveled in a separate pathway medial to the
      optic radiation.

PMID- 3840808
TI  - The same myosin alkali light chain gene is expressed in adult cardiac atria and
      in fetal skeletal muscle.
AB  - We have isolated from a cDNA library constructed using mouse cardiac mRNA
      sequences, a clone (pC6) homologous to part of the mRNA encoding the myosin
      alkali light chain MLC1A from adult mouse atria. This sequence also hybridizes to
      mRNA encoding the fetal light chain form MLC1emb expressed in both fused myotubes
      in culture and in 18 day fetal skeletal muscle. These mRNA sequences are
      indistinguishable from the MLC1A messenger both on the basis of size and of their
      thermal stability of hybridization. In vitro translation of mRNA selected by
      hybridization with pC6 results in a protein that comigrates with the fetal
      MLC1emb isoform, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of adult atrial and
      fetal skeletal muscle proteins shows MLC1A and MLC1emb to be indistinguishable in
      the mouse. Southern blot hybridization of clone pC6 to mouse genomic DNA and the
      analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms between different mouse
      species demonstrates the presence of a single hybridizing locus in the mouse
      genome. These data provide strong evidence that the atrial MLC1A and fetal
      skeletal MLC1emb isoform are encoded by the same gene and by the same mRNA and
      are thus identical proteins.

PMID- 3840810
TI  - Colocalization of neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in brainstem catecholaminergic
      neurons that project to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.
AB  - Immunohistochemical methods were used in the rat to plot the distribution of
      neuropeptide Y (NPY) immunoreactivity in the paraventricular (PVH) and supraoptic
      (SO) nuclei of the hypothalamus, and a combined retrograde transport-double
      immunohistochemical labeling technique was used to determine the extent to which
      NPY immunoreactivity is coexpressed in brainstem cell groups that stain with
      antisera to phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT; a marker for adrenergic
      neurons) or dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH; a marker for adrenergic and
      noradrenergic neurons) and also project to the PVH. The results confirm the
      existence of a major NPY-immunoreactive pathway that is in a position to
      influence each major class of output neurons in the PVH. Thus, most parts of the
      parvicellular division receive a dense input that is similar to, though somewhat
      more extensive than, the one stained by DBH antisera. However, in the
      magnocellular division catecholaminergic inputs are preferentially associated
      with vasopressinergic neurons, while NPY-stained fibers tend to be more evenly
      distributed in regions containing both oxytocinergic and vasopressingergic
      neurons, and their density appear to be lower than that of DBH-stained fibers. In
      the SO, only a moderate NPY-stained input was apparent, while, as described
      previously, DBH-immunoreactive fibers are rather dense and are preferentially
      distributed in vasopressinergic regions of the nucleus. The results of combined
      retrograde transport-double immunohistochemical labeling experiments may be
      summarized as follows: the vast majority of cells in the medulla that were
      retrogradely labeled after discrete implants of the fluorescent tracer true blue
      into the PVH, and were PNMT-immunoreactive, also stained for NPY. However, less
      extensive co-localization was detected in noradrenergic cell groups of the caudal
      medulla. About 60% of the retrogradely labeled-DBH positive cells in the A1 cell
      group were also NPY-positive, while those in the caudal part of the nucleus of
      the solitary tract (the A2 cell group) usually failed to stain with anti-NPY.
      Similarly, in the locus coeruleus (the A6 cell group) where virtually all
      retrogradely labeled neurons were DBH-positive, only rarely were triply labeled
      cells detected. These results suggest that NPY immunoreactivity is extensively co
      contained within adrenergic neurons of the C1, C2, and C3 groups that project to
      the PVH, while the correspondence in noradrenergic cell groups is less complete,
      and generally limited to a subset of neurons in the A1 cell group.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3840811
TI  - Erythrocyte ribosyluric acid of dairy cattle normal and deficient for uridine
      monophosphate synthase.
AB  - An inherited deficiency of uridine-5'-monophosphate synthase has recently been
      discovered in dairy cattle. The possibility was explored that this deficiency
      might be detected by low amounts of erythrocyte 3-N-ribosyluric acid, since it is
      synthesized by uridine monophosphate synthase. Ribosyluric acid was lower in six
      dairy cows with the deficiency compared to six controls, paired on the basis of
      age, stage of lactation, and diet (.66 vs. 1.38 mumol/ml). However, ribosyluric
      acid concentration measured in 50 normal cows showed a wide range (.28 to 2.35
      mumol/ml), with nine lower than the mean for the deficient animals. This
      extensive variability may limit the usefulness of ribosyluric acid in diagnosing
      the inherited deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase.

PMID- 3840812
TI  - Crossbreeding in tropical areas with emphasis on milk, health, and fitness.
AB  - Although use of European breeds for grading up of local cattle in tropical areas
      has been underway for nearly one century, few countries have definitive policies
      on utilization of crossbreeding systems. Crosses with European breeds have
      excelled local types in age at first calving, milk yield, days in milk, and
      calving interval. In general, crosses by Holstein sires have proven superior to
      crosses from other breeds. Contrary to findings in temperature areas, addition of
      a second improved breed (three-breed cross) has tended to deter rather than to
      improve performance. The cross 5/8 one breed has performed as well or better than
      two-breed crosses, but few evaluations have been on farms. The cross 3/4 European
      usually exceeds the two-breed cross slightly in milk yield, but reproduction is
      poorer. Mortality losses in 3/4 crosses up to 3 mo often have been high, 14 to
      29%. Similarly, experiences with inter se matings of two-breed crosses has proven
      disappointing. Milk yield of 1/2 crosses of two-breed progeny has been 30 to 60%
      lower than for first generation two-breed crosses. Numerous attempts have been
      made to form synthetic groups from crossbred foundation. Most of these gene pools
      of breed combinations are approximately 5/8 improved breed and 3/8 local.
      Performance of five synthetic groups and their roles is discussed. Evidence has
      showed that with high dependence on tropical grasses and crop residues best
      sustained milk yield is 1800 to 2200 kg of milk per lactation. This means that
      more attention should be given to breeding plans to raise animal productivity
      from low to intermediate rather than providing genetic potential for productivity
      that cannot be supported economically in tropical areas.

PMID- 3840813
TI  - Speech processing in the auditory system. II: Lateral inhibition and the central
      processing of speech evoked activity in the auditory nerve.
AB  - A biologically realistic model of a uniform lateral inhibitory network (LIN) is
      shown capable of extracting from the complex spatio-temporal firing patterns of
      the cat's auditory nerve the formants and low-order harmonics of synthetic voiced
      speech stimuli. The model provides a realistic mechanism to utilize the temporal
      aspects of the firing and thus supports the hypothesis that the neural coding of
      complex sounds in terms of average rates can be supplemented by the information
      coded in the synchronous firing. At low levels of intensity the LIN can sharpen
      the average rate profiles. At moderate and high levels the LIN uses the cues
      available in the distribution of phases of the synchronous activity which exhibit
      rapid relative phase shifts at specific characteristic frequency (CF) locations
      (corresponding to the frequencies of the low-order harmonics in the stimulus).
      These temporal phase shifts manifest themselves at the input of the LIN as steep
      and localized spatial discontinuities in the instantaneous pattern of activity
      across the fiber array. The LIN enhances its output from these spatially steep
      input regions while suppressing its output from spatially smooth input regions
      (where little phase shifts occur). In this manner the LIN recreates from the
      response patterns a representation of the stimulus spectrum using the temporal
      cues as spatial markers of the stimulus components rather than as absolute
      measures of their frequencies. Similar results are obtained with various lateral
      inhibitory topologies, e.g., recurrent versus nonrecurrent, single versus double
      layer, and linear versus nonlinear.

PMID- 3840814
TI  - Fetal hydrops in a newborn with hypoplastic left heart syndrome: tricuspid valve
      "stopper".
AB  - Fetal hydrops in a newborn infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome led to the
      discovery of tricuspid stenosis and insufficiency from an unusual malformation of
      the right venous valve of the embryonic sinus venosus. This unfortunate
      combination of lesions precluded surgical palliation for the hypoplastic left
      heart.

PMID- 3840815
TI  - Ferric acetate-uranium acetate reagent in cholesterol estimations in plasma and
      high density lipoprotein fractions: comparison with existing methods.
AB  - The use of ferric acetate-uranium acetate colour reaction for the estimation of
      cholesterol in the supernatants of plasma samples after precipitation of low
      density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol by
      heparin-MnCl2 was assessed and compared with the conventional method using the
      FeCl3 colour reaction and also with the method using o-phthalaldehyde as the
      colouring reagent. All three methods gave comparable values when total
      cholesterol in plasma samples was determined and also when high density
      lipoprotein (HDL) fractions were separated by ultracentrifugation and the
      cholesterol contents determined. But when heparin-MnCl2 precipitation was used
      for HDL separation, and the cholesterol content determined, the FeCl3 method gave
      significantly lower values. This could be due to interference of the cholesterol
      colour reaction with FeCl3, due to Mn2+ ions present in the supernatant. Addition
      of Mn2+ to cholesterol standards and subsequent colour development with ferric
      acetate-uranium acetate and FeCl3 reagents showed that Mn2+ decreased the
      absorbancy of the coloured complex at 560 nm only when FeCl3 was used. Percentage
      recovery of added cholesterol was also lower when the heparin-MnCl2 supernatant
      was treated with FeCl3 reagent for colour development. Use of ferric acetate
      uranium acetate reagent provides a simpler and quicker method. It does not suffer
      from interference due to the presence of Mn2+ ions and gives results comparable
      to the o-phthalaldehyde method and those using ultracentrifugation as the
      separation procedure.

PMID- 3840816
TI  - A method for the controlled cleavage of disulfide bonds in proteins in the
      absence of denaturants.
AB  - A simple method was developed for the controlled cleavage of protein disulfide
      bonds and the simultaneous blockage of the free sulfhydryl groups in the absence
      of a denaturant. The disulfide bonds of bovine serum albumin were cleaved
      unsymmetrically at pH 7.0 using 0.1 M sulfite in 0.1 M phosphate buffer and the
      free sulfhydryl groups formed were sulfonated in an oxidation-reduction cycle
      using molecular oxygen and 400 microM cupric sulfate as a catalyst. The reaction
      was affected by cupric ion concentration, sulfite concentration, reaction pH and
      temperature. The standardized method was successfully used to cleave the
      disulfide bonds of other proteins pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. The method
      is reliable and can be used for achieving progressive cleavage of disulfide bonds
      in proteins without employing a denaturant.

PMID- 3840817
TI  - Role of seminal prostaglandins in male fertility. II. Effects of prostaglandin
      synthesis inhibition on spermatogenesis in man.
AB  - The effect of prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibition has been studied in two
      groups of infertile oligozoospermic patients with high or normal-low seminal
      prostaglandin (PG) levels. PGE and 19-OH PGE were assayed by means of a gas
      chromatographic method and the most important seminal parameters (volume,
      concentration, motility and morphology of spermatozoa) were evaluated in basal
      conditions and at the end of indomethacin treatment, at a daily oral dose of 100
      mg for thirty days. A drop in prostaglandin levels following indomethacin was
      observed in both groups of patients but only in the group with high
      concentrations of prostanoid derivates the prostaglandin inhibition was
      correlated with a significant improvement in sperm count and motility.

PMID- 3840818
TI  - Colloid droplet accumulation precedes the enhancement of 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha
      release from the thyrotropin-stimulated thyroid gland.
AB  - Influence of thyrotropin (TSH) on colloid droplet formation in thyroid follicular
      cells and on release of a stable prostacyclin metabolite, 6-keto-prostaglandin 1
      alpha (6-keto-PGF 1 alpha) from the thyroid has been studied in rats. Maximal
      accumulation of colloid droplets preceded the enhancement of the 6-keto-PGF 1
      alpha release. Such a time sequence speaks against the possibility of
      prostacyclin involvement in the thyroid secretory response to TSH.

PMID- 3840819
TI  - Is maximal acid output useful in identifying relapsing duodenal ulcer patients?
AB  - In a group of 94 duodenal ulcer patients consecutively studied and followed-up
      for 1 year, subjects with maximal acid output (M.A.O.) above 60 mmol/hour (mostly
      heavy-smoking men), were found to relapse more frequently than those with lower
      M.A.O. values (72.2% versus 27.6%; p less than 0.0005). A significantly higher
      relapse rate was also detected in patients treated with maintenance dosages of
      effective antisecretory drugs (cimetidine, ranitidine, pirenzepine) and
      presenting M.A.O. over 60 mmol/hour. It is yet to be established whether an
      alternative therapeutic regime may prove effective in preventing ulcer recurrence
      in patients with gastric hypersecretion.

PMID- 3840820
TI  - Primary biliary cirrhosis and Graves' disease.
AB  - We describe a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis associated with Graves'
      disease and discuss the possible autoimmune connections between the two
      disorders.

PMID- 3840821
TI  - Efficacy of ivermectin against Syphacia obvelata (Nematoda) in mice.
AB  - Ivermectin was evaluated against natural and artificial pinworm (Syphacia)
      infections in mice. Ivermectin given in the diet for 6 days at 0.0005% was 99%
      effective against both immature and adult worms. A diet level of 0.0004% reduced
      immature and mature pinworm by 99 and 75%, respectively but 0.0001% was inactive.
      One oral dose of 2.0 mg/kg was 100 and 97% effective against gravid females and
      immature worms, respectively. A dose of 1.0 mg/kg was 96 and 66% effective
      against the same parasitic stages. A similar effect was observed against adult
      male worms where 94 and 86% were removed by one oral dose of ivermectin at 2.0
      and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively.

PMID- 3840822
TI  - The mycoplasmacidal properties of sodium hypochlorite.
AB  - The effect of hypochlorite concentration on Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides
      viability was tested under a variety of conditions. The experimental variables
      employed included chlorine-cell contact time, chlorine concentration, carrier
      system and organic loading. Initial populations of 10(6) c.f.u./ml were killed
      (no survivors in 1 ml) by hypochlorite solution containing 25 p.p.m. available
      chlorine in 15 s in the absence of organic load and 50 p.p.m. available chlorine
      in 5 min in the presence of 1% protein. Higher concentrations of hypochlorite
      were required to disinfect a porous carrier system in the absence or presence of
      protein. The results are in contrast to previous reports that M. bovis is killed
      only by high hypochlorite concentrations.

PMID- 3840823
TI  - Field trials of a new sub-acute rodenticide flupropadine, against wild Norway
      rats (Rattus norvegicus).
AB  - Fifteen experimental treatments with rodenticidal baits containing 0.1, 0.15 or
      0.2% flupropadine were conducted on farmsteads against Rattus norvegicus
      infestations. Eight treatments were completely successful and the others gave
      kills ranging from 36 to 72% in 28 days. Treatments with 0.1 and 0.15%
      flupropadine were less successful against large infestations than against small
      ones. Flupropadine was most successful at 0.2% but still gave incomplete kills on
      farms where abundant alternative food was available. The compound was more
      effective than acute poisons in achieving complete control of Norway rat
      infestations, but was less reliable in doing so than anticoagulants. On the other
      hand, many flupropadine treatments gave quicker control and used smaller
      quantities of bait than anticoagulant treatments.

PMID- 3840824
TI  - In vitro immunization of human lymphocytes. I. Production of human monoclonal
      antibodies against bombesin and tetanus toxoid.
AB  - A procedure for in vitro sensitization of human lymphocytes against bombesin
      conjugated to tetanus toxoid (BTT) is described. Bombesin is a tetradecapeptide
      associated with small cell lung carcinoma. We found that antibody responses
      against bombesin as well as tetanus toxoid could be generated in vitro by
      culturing nylon-separated human splenic lymphocytes for 6 days with
      lipopolysaccharide, phytohemagglutinin-activated lymphocyte supernatants, human
      AB serum, and bombesin conjugated to tetanus toxoid. Cells sensitized by this
      procedure were fused to murine myeloma cells, NS-1. The specificities of
      resulting hybrids were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunoassays and competitive
      inhibition experiments. Hybrids secreting anti-bombesin (IgM) or anti-tetanus
      toxoid (IgM or IgG) were obtained. The ratio of IgG to IgM antibodies against
      tetanus toxoid could be increased by using antigen coupled to Sepharose beads.
      The sensitization procedure described here offers a system for the study of
      antigenic stimulation of human B lymphocytes in vitro and for the production of
      human monoclonal antibodies with the desired specificities.

PMID- 3840825
TI  - The expression of receptors for IgA on human monocytes and calcitriol-treated HL
      60 cells.
AB  - In this study, we investigated the expression of IgA Fc receptors (FcR alpha) by
      human myeloid cells. By using a sensitive cytofluorometric IgA binding assay, we
      found that approximately 85% of peripheral blood monocytes bound IgA in an
      isotype-specific fashion. The HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line failed
      to express FcR alpha; however, treatment of HL-60 cells with the differentiating
      agent calcitriol induced the expression of FcR alpha on greater than 90% of these
      cells. Monocytes and calcitriol-treated HL-60 cells were capable of ingesting IgA
      coated erythrocyte targets, suggesting that phagocytosis could be mediated
      through FcR alpha. The induced HL-60 cell system represents a useful model for
      further studies on FcR alpha expression and function.

PMID- 3840826
TI  - Murine sex-limited protein: complete cDNA sequence and comparison with murine
      fourth complement component.
AB  - Murine sex-limited protein (Slp) is a structural homologue of the murine fourth
      complement component (C4) that lacks C4 activity and has no known function. The
      genes for C4 and Slp lie closely linked in the S region of the murine major
      histocompatibility complex. We have sequenced a cDNA clone that spans the entire
      protein-coding region of Slp from the mouse strain B10.WR. The sequence contains
      a 1735 amino acid-long open reading frame encoding a putative prepro-Slp flanked
      by 51 and 103 untranslated nucleotides at the 5' and 3' ends respectively; it
      shows 96% nucleotide and 94% amino acid identity with our previously reported
      complete sequence of murine C4 from the same mouse strain. The present complete
      Slp sequence differs slightly from our previously reported partial sequence from
      the same mouse strain; this suggests that at least two distinct Slp genes are
      transcribed in B10.WR mice. We suggest, by analogy with procaryotic DNA-binding
      proteins, that a three amino acid deletion in Slp, close to the Cls cleavage
      site, makes that site resistant to proteolysis; this renders Slp inactive. We
      also speculate on the possibility that Slp might be a gene in evolutionary
      transition; one that is midway in the evolution of a completely silent pseudogene
      or a new gene with a novel function.

PMID- 3840827
TI  - Chlamydia trachomatis: its role in tubal infertility.
AB  - We compared the prevalence of antibody to Chlamydia trachomatis among 88 women
      undergoing an evaluation for infertility and 49 women attending an antenatal
      clinic. Demographic data regarding sexual behavior were also collected. Eighteen
      women had tubal infertility and 70 had infertility due to a variety of other
      reasons. In comparison with women who had other causes for infertility, women
      with tubal infertility began coitus sooner (17.7 +/- 2.2 years vs. 19.5 +/- 3.4
      years, P less than .05) and had more lifetime sex partners (4.5 vs. 1.33, P less
      than .001). Women with tubal infertility had a higher prevalence of antibody to
      C. trachomatis (13 of 18) than did women with nontubal causes for infertility (6
      of 70, P less than .0001) or pregnant women (11 of 49, P = .0003). This high
      prevalence of antibody to C. trachomatis among women with tubal infertility was
      independent of sexual experience. By immunoblot analysis, an antigen of
      approximately 57,000 Da was immunodominant in 11 of 13 seropositive subjects with
      tubal infertility vs. 2 of 6 seropositive subjects with nontubal infertility (P =
      .046) and 1 of 11 seropositive pregnant women (P = .0003). Thus, women with tubal
      infertility frequently have serological evidence of prior infection with C.
      trachomatis and have a distinctive antigen-specific humoral immune response.
      These results further support the etiologic role of infection with C. trachomatis
      in tubal infertility.

PMID- 3840828
TI  - [Cellular immune function of patients with ovarian cancer before and after cancer
      therapy].

PMID- 3840829
TI  - Normal surface properties of phosphatidylglycerol-deficient surfactant from dog
      after acute lung injury.
AB  - Lung surfactant was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage of dogs during the late
      phase of recovery (15 days) from acute alveolar injury induced by subcutaneous
      injection of N-nitroso-N-methylurethane. This surfactant was compared with
      surfactant from control dogs in terms of in vitro surface properties,
      phospholipid composition and protein content, and those of its subfractions.
      Phospholipid composition and protein content were similar in the two groups,
      except that phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was markedly reduced and
      phosphatidylinositol (PI) was increased in the experimental group. In both,
      isopycnic densities of their subfractions in continuous sucrose density gradient
      were identical. The time course of surfactant adsorption was similar in both
      groups. Minimum surface tension (gamma min) was 4.1 +/- 1.5 dynes/cm in the
      experimental dogs and 3.8 +/- 1.3 dynes/cm in the controls. Surface
      compressibility (SC), stability index (SI), and dynamic respreadability (DR) of
      the surfactants from the two groups were nearly identical. When compared to an
      artificial surfactant composed of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and PG
      in 9:1 molar ratio a mixture of DPPC-PI 9:1 prepared identically showed similar
      gamma min, SC, SI, and DR, and a much higher surface adsorption rate. These
      results suggest that PG is not essential for normal in vitro surfactant function
      and that its role may be assumed by PI.

PMID- 3840830
TI  - Effective extraction of diagnostic ECG waveform information using orthonormal
      basis functions derived from body surface potential maps.
AB  - A common basis of orthogonal waveform functions was derived from 128 lead body
      surface potential maps of 405 subjects. Twelve such orthogonal functions or
      frames were adequate for reconstruction of original ECGs from the beginning of
      QRS to the end of T. A larger number of frames (18) was required when basis
      functions were derived separately for QRS (10) and ST-T segments (8). Diagnostic
      information content of the coefficients of the orthogonal basis functions was
      evaluated in comparison with Minnesota Code criteria for myocardial infarction
      and with a more advanced multivariate ECG analysis program (Pipberger Program).
      This was done by deriving a linear discriminant function for separating normals
      from ECGs of patients with myocardial infarction and testing the discriminant in
      a different test population of infarcts and normals. The diagnostic accuracy of
      orthogonal basis functions was as good as that of Pipberger's program and
      considerably better than that of the Minnesota Code. The classification method
      described is insensitive to noise and errors in detecting QRS and T wave onsets
      and offsets or in selecting proper baseline for amplitude measurements. The
      robustness and enhanced classification stability with respect to noise and minor
      wave detection errors is a potential advantage particularly in serial ECG
      comparison.

PMID- 3840831
TI  - Effects of maternal sodium depletion on the composition of ovine fetal fluids.
AB  - Effects of maternal sodium depletion on the composition of ovine fetal fluids
      were studied. Maternal Na depletion was achieved by 48-h drainage of parotid
      saliva. There was a significant decrease in both maternal and fetal plasma Na
      concentration, indicating that both mother and fetus had experienced the Na
      depletion stimulus. There was a significant increase in maternal blood
      aldosterone but the change in fetal blood aldosterone was not significant. In
      animals where there was an increase in fetal blood aldosterone the increase could
      be accounted for by transfer of aldosterone across the placenta from the mother.
      There was a significant decrease in fetal urinary Na concentration and Na
      excretion and the urinary Na/K ratio fell in seven out of eight studies. These
      observations are consistent with the hypothesis that fetal Na depletion
      sensitizes the fetal kidney to the action of circulating aldosterone as in the
      adult.

PMID- 3840832
TI  - Progestin receptor in the thymus of ovariectomized immature rats.
AB  - By using the synthetic progestin promegestone (R5020), the location and
      characteristics of progestin receptors in the thymic cytosols from immature
      ovariectomized oestrogen-treated rats were determined. Tritiated promegestone
      bound to the cytosol with high affinity (dissociation constant (Kd) = 2.0 +/- 0.3
      nmol/l; promegestone greater than progesterone greater than oestradiol greater
      than corticosterone testosterone) and low capacity (number of binding sites
      (Bmax) = 143.0 +/- 13.5 fmol/mg protein). These values were appropriate for
      progestin receptors. However, an extremely high dose of dexamethasone (10
      mumol/l; 1000-fold excess over [3H]promegestone) slightly inhibited the specific
      binding. Progestin receptors were predominantly located in the reticuloepithelial
      (RE)-cell fraction, with few in the thymocyte T-cell fraction. The receptor level
      was raised (24.9 +/- 11.3 (S.E.M.) to 143.0 +/- 13.5 fmol/mg protein) with
      increased doses of oestrogen (0-30 micrograms) administered in vivo. Using
      sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation it was found that the thymic
      progestin receptor had a sedimentation coefficient of 9S under low-salt
      conditions. These results clearly suggest that the thymus of the immature female
      rat contains a specific progestin receptor which is mainly located in the RE
      cells.

PMID- 3840833
TI  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the measurement of thyroglobulin in
      human serum using mouse monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - A robust, rapid, sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA), using an in-house immunoglobulin-A-sub-class mouse monoclonal human
      thyroglobulin antibody (WNSM2), with a sensitivity of 1.51 pmol/l has been
      established for the measurement of thyroglobulin in serum. Standard curves in
      varying dilutions of human serum were similar to standard curves obtained in
      serum-free medium, thus demonstrating no significant cross-reactivity with any
      serum proteins other than thyroglobulin. Levels of serum thyroglobulin detected
      by ELISA correlated significantly (r = 0.93, P less than 0.001) with those from a
      standardized and well-characterized radioimmunoassay. The coefficients of
      variation within and between ELISA assays were 3.9 and 7.1% respectively.
      Thyroglobulin was detectable in 87% of 54 normal subjects who had no history of
      thyroid or autoimmune disease, the mean (+/- S.D.) for this group being 15 +/-
      6.6 pmol/l with a range of 1.51-53 pmol/l. Using this assay, levels of
      thyroglobulin were shown to be significantly (P less than 0.002) increased in
      patients with untreated hyperthyroid Graves' disease compared with normal
      subjects.

PMID- 3840834
TI  - The isolation and identification of precursors and reaction products in the
      clandestine manufacture of methaqualone and mecloqualone.
AB  - Abuse of the hypnotic quinazolinone is well recognized and increasing.
      Clandestine laboratories producing methaqualone (2-methyl-3-ortho-tolyl-4(3H)
      quinazolinone) and mecloqualone (2-methyl-3-ortho-chlorophenyl-4(3H)
      quinazolinone) have been discovered throughout the United States. These
      laboratories utilize one of many synthesis routes to produce the illicit
      quinazolinone. Frequently, the clandestine chemist has little, if any, formal
      education in chemistry; does not keep notes; and does not label flasks and
      beakers containing solutions. The forensic chemist may be asked to analyze
      unmarked reaction mixtures that were seized in a clandestine laboratory raid. As
      a result, a rapid method of isolation and identification of the precursors and
      products of such a mixture is presented.

PMID- 3840835
TI  - Retrieval of analytical data and substance identification in systematic
      toxicological analysis by the mean list length approach.
AB  - Chromatographic techniques are basic tools in systematic toxicological analysis.
      Extensive data bases with retention parameters of known drugs to aid in the
      identification of substances found are available or in preparation. For a search
      in such a data base the computer is indispenable. The commonly used window search
      has some disadvantages which can be overcome by a search based on the statistical
      concept, the mean list length. The latter retrieval system gives for each
      candidate in the identification process a probability value. It is shown that
      these probability values are highly influenced by the reproducibility of the
      retention parameters of the analytical systems used. Explanations for these
      phenomena are given.

PMID- 3840836
TI  - Correlation of circumstances with pathological findings in asphyxial deaths by
      hanging: a prospective study of 61 cases from Seattle, WA.
AB  - Correlation of the circumstances of death with the pathologic findings in this
      prospective study of deaths by hanging affords insight pertaining to certain of
      the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in fatalities of this type. The presence
      of conjunctival and facial/periorbital petechial hemorrhages correlates with
      increasing levels of body support below the point of ligature suspension. Hyoid
      bone and/or thyroid cartilage fractures (found in 26% of cases) are most
      frequently identified in those persons found completely suspended and in victims
      in the older age ranges. No hyoid bone/thyroid cartilage fractures, internal soft
      tissue injury, or petechiae were present in 13 (21%) of the study cases.

PMID- 3840837
TI  - A numerical taxonomic study of Actinobacillus, Pasteurella and Yersinia.
AB  - A numerical taxonomic study of strains of Actinobacillus, Pasteurella and
      Yersinia, with some allied bacteria, showed 23 reasonably distinct groups. These
      fell into three major areas. Area A contained species of Actinobacillus and
      Pasteurella: A. suis, A. equuli, A. lignieresii, P. haemolytica biovar A, P.
      haemolytica biovar T, P. multocida, A. actinomycetemcomitans, 'P. bettii', 'A.
      seminis', P. ureae and P. aerogenes. Also included in A was a composite group of
      Pasteurella pneumotropica and P. gallinarum, together with unnamed groups
      referred to as 'BLG', 'Mair', 'Ross' and 'aer-2'. Area B contained species of
      Yersinia: Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. pestis and a group 'ent-b'
      similar to Y. enterocolitica. Area C contained non-fermenting strains: Y.
      philomiragia, Moraxella anatipestifer and a miscellaneous group 'past-b'. There
      were also a small number of unnamed single strains.

PMID- 3840838
TI  - Detection of 5-S-cysteinyldopamine in human brain.
AB  - 5-S-Cysteinyldopamine was synthesized and used as reference compound in HPLC
      analyses of extracts from various regions of human brain. The compound could be
      detected in brain regions rich in dopamine (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus
      pallidus and substantia nigra) but not in other regions (cerebellum, occipital
      cortex). The occurrence of 5-S-cysteinyldopamine in dopaminergic brain regions
      supports the hypothesis that dopamine in part undergoes autoxidation, leading to
      formation of highly reactive quinones. The newly discovered metabolite may prove
      useful in future studies of dopamine autoxidation and the possibly resultant
      cytotoxicity in aging and degenerative brain disorders.

PMID- 3840839
TI  - Pediatric Hodgkin's disease in India.
AB  - Twenty-one percent of all Hodgkin's disease in India was seen in the pediatric
      age groups at the Tata Memorial Hospital (Bombay, India). From 1975 to 1982, 151
      cases of children were reviewed. The youngest presentation was at 3 years in
      three patients, with a marked male: female ratio of 5.5:1. Twenty-six patients
      were previously treated before referral while the remaining 125 cases were
      investigated and treated according to the prevalent protocols in 1975 to 1978 and
      1979 to 1982. Clinical staging revealed 54% of patients in stages I and II with
      symptoms in 20%, and 46% of patients in stages III and IV with symptoms in 67%.
      Staging laparotomy was performed in 27 patients, with a total changes of staging
      in 17 children (63%). The mixed cell types (46%) and lymphocytic predominant
      types (31%) were the most common histologic presentations. Nine percent nodular
      sclerosis and 9% lymphocytic-depleted varieties were also observed. Five percent
      of all cases were not classifiable. Minimum adequate treatment was completed in
      87 cases. Comparisons were made between the treatments administered to 40
      patients during the initial period 1975 to 1978 when individualized treatment was
      administered, and the later 47 patients during the 1979 to 1982 period, when
      chemotherapy was the mainstay of treatment with involved field radiation.

PMID- 3840840
TI  - Emotional stress and iodine-131 therapy for Grave's disease.

PMID- 3840841
TI  - Lectin binding and steroid receptors in human breast carcinomas.
AB  - A series of breast carcinomas of known steroid receptor status have been examined
      for evidence of binding of the lectins peanut agglutinin, soy bean agglutinin and
      wheat germ agglutinin. Correlations were found between oestrogen receptor status
      and reactivity of carcinomas to peanut agglutinin and soy bean agglutinin but
      these were not absolute. Wheat germ agglutinin binding was unrelated to the
      presence of oestrogen receptors. No relationship was evident between progestogen
      receptors and the binding of any lectin. It therefore seems unlikely that lectin
      histochemistry can replace steroid receptors as markers of hormone dependence in
      breast carcinomas.

PMID- 3840842
TI  - Natural course of juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis.
AB  - Forty-six patients with juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis were followed for an
      average of 6.5 years. The diagnosis was based on a firm goiter and on cytologic
      findings of lymphocytic thyroiditis. The thyroid function and the size of the
      thyroid gland were regularly evaluated, and thyroid cytologic findings
      reevaluated once about 4.5 years after the diagnosis was made. Initially, 24
      patients were euthyroid, 16 subclinically hypothyroid, and six hypothyroid. At
      the end of follow-up, 29 patients were euthyroid, six subclinically hypothyroid,
      and 11 hypothyroid, but there had been an extensive exchange of individual
      patients among these three groups. At cytologic reevaluation, the changes were
      virtually unaltered. Thyroid antibodies and circulating immune complexes were
      repeatedly tested: on one or more occasions, 85% of the patients had positive
      test results for thyroid antibodies, and about 50% for circulating immune
      complexes. Hypothyroidism at the end of follow-up correlated with the initial
      hypothyroid state and with thyroglobulin antibodies of IgG class detected by
      enzyme immunoassay. The best predictors of the final hypothyroid state were
      female sex, initial hypothyroidism, IgG thyroglobulin antibodies by EIA, and IgG
      circulating immune complexes assayed by conglutinin-binding test-EIA.

PMID- 3840843
TI  - Effect of gamma-radiation on fowl sperm function in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Doses of up to 300 Gy of ionizing radiation had little effect on fowl sperm
      morphology, ATP content and motility when measured in vitro. Fertility of eggs
      from hens inseminated with spermatozoa receiving 50 Gy, in terms of post-oviducal
      development, was less than 4%. However, 35% appeared 'fertile' by macroscopic
      examination of the germinal disc of unincubated eggs. These contained few
      embryonic cells, although the vitelline membrane contained many trapped
      spermatozoa. After doses of 100 Gy or more, inseminated spermatozoa were not
      found in the vitelline membrane and no fertile or apparently fertile eggs were
      produced; nor did such spermatozoa enter the utero-vaginal sperm-host glands.
      Genetic transformation using fowl spermatozoa irradiated with doses in excess of
      100 Gy appears to be an unlikely prospect.

PMID- 3840844
TI  - Low-dose radioiodine given six-monthly in Graves' disease.
AB  - Experience using low-dose radioiodine given six-monthly instead of yearly in
      hyperthyroid patients with Graves' disease is reported. One hundred and thirty
      five patients have been treated over a three-year period with 74 MBq (2 mCi)
      doses of 131I. Thirty-eight percent were controlled with a single dose. Those
      patients requiring more than one dose were treated with a further 74 MBq (2 mCi)
      131I at six-monthly intervals until euthyroid. Using this approach, 46% were
      euthyroid one year after starting treatment, and 75% were euthyroid at two years.
      The incidence of hypothyroidism following treatment was 2.2% at one year, with a
      yearly incidence thereafter of 4-6%. Six-monthly scheduling of low-dose
      radioiodine in Graves' disease can reduce the time taken to become euthyroid,
      compared with conventional yearly low-dose treatments. Further follow up is
      required to confirm the present low incidence of hypothyroidism following
      treatment.

PMID- 3840845
TI  - [Peri- and postnatal study on halopredone acetate in rats].
AB  - A peri- and postnatal study of halopredone acetate (THS-201), a synthetic
      corticosteroid, was carried out using Jcl: Wistar rats. Pregnant rats were
      treated subcutaneously in doses of 0.05, 0.4, 3.2 and 25.6 mg/kg/day, from day 17
      of gestation to day 21 after delivery. All pregnant rats were allowed to litter
      naturally, and the postnatal development of offsprings was observed. The results
      obtained from the present study were as follows. No influences of THS-201
      administration were observed on gestation, delivery and lactation of dams. THS
      201 administration did not have any influences on viability and development,
      various functions such as reflex response, learning and reproductive performance
      of F1 generation, and further on development of F2 generation. Therefore, it was
      concluded that the non-effect dose of THS-201 for the reproduction of dams and
      development of F1 generation was 25.6 mg/kg/day.

PMID- 3840846
TI  - Female-to-male transmission of AIDS.

PMID- 3840847
TI  - Oregon Health Decisions. An experiment with informed community consent.
AB  - Oregon Health Decisions is a citizen-based project intended to develop statewide
      awareness of severe bioethical dilemmas. The project has set in motion civic
      means for addressing and resolving problems in Oregon's health provision system
      associated with personal autonomy, equity of access, prevention of illness, and
      humane cost containment. The process of civic involvement with consequent results
      is described together with the implications for future health policy in Oregon
      and elsewhere.

PMID- 3840848
TI  - [The relationship of breast cancer and thyroid diseases].
AB  - A relationship between breast cancer and thyroid diseases has been postulated for
      many years. Several studies have demonstrated an increased risk of breast
      carcinoma in patients with goiter, chronic thyroiditis (hypothyroidism) or
      thyroid supplement therapy itself, while others have shown either a slight,
      nonsignificant excess or none at all. In an overview of the literature, the
      results were inconclusive and rather controversial in each other. Apart from the
      thyroid disorders mentioned above, a relationship between thyroid cancer and
      breast cancer also has been suggested in the recent studies. This is rather
      probable as a fact, but common risk factors for the two cancers have not been
      clarified yet and remains in future problem.

PMID- 3840849
TI  - Prostacyclin production reduced in diabetics with vascular complications.
AB  - Concentrations of plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), a
      stable metabolite of prostacyclin, were measured by radioimmunoassay before and
      after 3 min of induced ischemia in 45 diabetics and 23 controls matched for age.
      In the 45 diabetics, 15 had no vascular complications (group I), 10 had a
      macroangiopathy (group II), 10 had a microangiopathy (group III) and 10 had both
      macroangiopathy and microangiopathy (group IV). Plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha before forearm ischemia were significantly lower in group IV diabetics than
      in non-diabetic controls (188 +/- 17 pg/ml and 245 +/- 14 pg/ml, respectively).
      After 3 min of ischemia, plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations were increased
      in control subjects by 34% and by 21% in group I diabetics. In group III
      diabetics as well as diabetics with atherosclerotic vascular lesions (groups II
      and IV), no significant change was observed after 3 min of ischemia. These
      results suggest that impaired vessel wall prostacyclin production may to some
      extent be responsible for the development of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy
      as well as atherosclerotic vascular complications.

PMID- 3840850
TI  - Increase of the ventricular fibrillation threshold by 711389-S, a new
      antiarrhythmic agent, in guinea-pigs.
AB  - The increase of the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) by 711389-S, a new
      antiarrhythmic agent, was compared with several other antiarrhythmic drugs using
      both in vitro (Langendorff) and in vivo preparations of guinea-pigs. The doses of
      antiarrhythmic drugs for increasing VFT by 10 volts in in vitro (microgram) and
      in vivo (mg/kg, i.v.) preparations were as follows: 711389-S: 4.2, 0.15;
      disopyramide: 32.6, 0.86; quinidine: 32.0, 0.57; aprindine: 7.6, 0.55;
      propranolol: 16.6, 0.57; and lidocaine: 20.7, 1.52. The duration of the
      antifibrillatory effects of 711389-S almost corresponded with those of aprindine
      and propranolol.

PMID- 3840851
TI  - [Intravenous administration of molsidomin in the acute period of myocardial
      infarct].
AB  - A study of central hemodynamic parameters, ECG charting and the activity of serum
      CPK and its MB fraction in 58 patients with acute myocardial infarction
      demonstrated that intravenous administration of 20 mg Corvaton, at the rate of 3
      micrograms/kg/min, was effective for both controlling an acute left-ventricular
      failure, and limiting the infarcted area. A three-day treatment normalized
      systemic and central hemodynamic parameters in cases of medium-size infarction,
      and considerably reduced manifestations of acute left-ventricular failure in
      patients with a large area of necrosis.

PMID- 3840852
TI  - [Retrolental fibroplasia--a still current problem in neonatology].

PMID- 3840853
TI  - [Increase in the intraocular pressure in postcataract surgery using a neodymium
      YAG laser].
AB  - In a prospective clinical study 54 postcataract membrane dissections (51
      patients) were performed using a Q-switch Nd-YAG laser. Under standardized
      conditions all patients were pretreated with prostaglandin inhibitors and
      received topical steroids and beta-blockers in low concentrations, as well as
      carbonic anhydrase inhibitors orally. The changes in visual acuity and the
      response of IOP to total energy input were analyzed. There was no statistically
      significant correlation between postoperative rise in IOP and total energy input.
      The clinical relevance of the results is discussed.

PMID- 3840854
TI  - Treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy with cyclosporin A.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of Cyclosporin A in the management of Graves'
      ophthalmopathy, we treated 13 patients with severe euthyroid endocrine eye
      disease with the immunosuppressive drug. Follow up consisted of clinical
      investigation, laboratory evaluation with detailed thyroid function tests and
      complete ophthalmological assessments including A and B scan ultrasound and
      computerized tomography (CT) of the orbits. Cyclosporin A given over 4-7 months
      resulted in improvement of clinical signs and symptoms of the disease due to a
      positive effect of the drug on soft tissue changes. The more objective methods
      did not demonstrate any unequivocal change in proptosis, visual acuity,
      intraocular pressure and thickness of extraocular muscles. Cyclosporin A was not
      able to stop acute progression of ophthalmopathy in one patient and did not
      obviate surgical decompression of the orbits in two more patients. There was no
      measurable effect of treatment on the underlying immunological process with
      regard to thyroid disease.

PMID- 3840855
TI  - [Clinical manifestations of lymphosarcomas with the primary lesion in the
      retroperitoneal and mesenteric lymph nodes].

PMID- 3840856
TI  - Androgen receptor in genital tubercle of rabbit fetuses and newborns. Ontogeny
      and properties.
AB  - In newborn rabbits of both sexes, an androgen receptor was characterized in the
      genital tubercle. Homogenates exhibited high affinity (Kd was about 0.4 nM) and
      saturable binding of [3H]methyltrienolone. The half-life of the [3H]5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone-androgen receptor complex was 72 h at 4 degrees C. The
      receptor was inactivated by heat and pronase and the binding was specific for
      potent androgens. Sucrose gradient analysis revealed a 8-9 S [3H]methyltrienolone
      binding protein in cytosols from both sexes. Androgen binding, in the homogenate,
      was detected as soon as day 18 of gestation in both sexes and the number of
      binding sites increased until birth. During sexual organogenesis and at birth
      there were no major differences between males and females in the amount or
      affinity of androgen binding. Specific androgen binding was also detected in
      sexual ducts of male and female newborns.

PMID- 3840857
TI  - Age-associated decline in natural killer (NK) activity reflects primarily a
      defect in function of NK cells.
AB  - The possible role that natural killer (NK) cells might play in the control of
      tumors and certain infections prompted an investigation of the status of NK cells
      in aged mice of two inbred strains (C3H and C57BL/6). The frequency of NK cells
      in young-adult and aged mice was assessed by two methods that provided accurate
      estimates of the relative numbers of NK cells: (a) a functional assay procedure
      from which the number of lytic units could be estimated, and (b) a target-cell
      (YAC-1 tumor cells) binding procedure. The frequency of NK cells in the spleens
      of untreated mice as well as in mice infected with Trypanosoma musculi, the
      latter a powerful NK cell activating agent, was determined. In both strains of
      mice the frequency of functionally-competent NK cells declined significantly with
      age, to a greater extent in C3H than in C57BL/6 mice. Similarly, the potential to
      generate NK cells upon parasite activation was significantly less in aged than in
      young mice and the reduced potential was more apparent in C3H than in C57BL/6
      mice. In contrast, the target cell-binding procedure showed only a modest decline
      in the frequency of NK cells in the spleens of aged mice of either strain. It
      appears, therefore, that the decline in NK activity during aging is a reflection
      of loss of competence to lyse targets rather than a major decline in the actual
      numbers of NK cells.

PMID- 3840858
TI  - Promotion of wound healing by yeast glucan evaluated on single animals.
AB  - The effectiveness of yeast glucan in the acceleration of wound healing was
      evaluated in mice, rats and guinea pigs. In all experiments comparison between
      glucan treatment in one hind leg and saline treatment as control on the other leg
      was made on identical wounds. The degree of healing in the two legs was evaluated
      macroscopically and classified as follows: 1. healing more advanced in glucan
      treated wound marked by (+). 2. No significant difference between the two legs
      marked by (0). 3. Healing more advanced in the control wound, marked by (-).
      During the days when the differences were most obvious, 60% to 80% of the animals
      showed more advanced healing in the glucan treated wound, 20% to 40% showed no
      significant difference; and 0 to 15% showed more advanced healing in the control,
      saline treated wound. The average time for complete wound healing was reduced by
      about 18% as a result of glucan treatment. The histological analysis shows that
      the acceleration of wound healing was mediated by early arrival of macrophages to
      the wound area in the glucan treated wounds.

PMID- 3840859
TI  - Maximum and minimum contact angles induced by pulmonary surfactants.

PMID- 3840860
TI  - [Antithyroid antibodies and fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of
      Hashimoto's thyroiditis].

PMID- 3840861
TI  - [The value of clinical diagnosis in knee injuries, especially meniscal rupture].

PMID- 3840862
TI  - An accurate laser radiometer for determining visible exposure times.
AB  - A laser light radiometer has been developed for the Electro-Optics Branch of the
      Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH). The radiometer measures direct
      laser radiation emitted in the visible spectrum. Based upon this measurement, the
      instrument's microprocessor automatically determines at what time duration the
      exposure to the measured laser radiation would exceed either the class I
      accessible emission limits of the Federal Performance Standard for laser products
      or the maximum permissible exposure limits of laser user safety standards. The
      instrument also features automatic background level compensation, pulse
      measurement capability, and self-diagnosis. Measurement of forward surface
      illumination levels preceding HpD photoradiation therapy is possible.

PMID- 3840863
TI  - The solitary pulmonary nodule. Decision analysis.
AB  - The management of a patient with a solitary pulmonary nodule is often
      problematic. Particularly in older patients and those with cardiorespiratory
      disease, the risks of intervention frequently equal or exceed its potential
      benefits. In this paper the choice between expectant management, thoracotomy, and
      transthoracic needle biopsy is examined for the asymptomatic patient with a
      solitary pulmonary nodule. We have designed and implemented a computer-assisted
      decision-analytic model of this clinical situation. The model incorporates age,
      sex, smoking history, and underlying cardiorespiratory status. It considers the
      probability of having a malignant nodule, the risks of biopsy and surgery, the
      sensitivity and specificity of biopsy, the resectability rate of malignant
      nodules, and the morbidity-adjusted life expectancies of patients in 16 outcome
      categories. Sensitivity analyses were performed and decision thresholds
      determined to assess the effect of varying the model's data base. These results
      can be of assistance in choosing therapy for patients with solitary pulmonary
      nodules and can provide a better understanding of the factors involved in this
      decision making process.

PMID- 3840864
TI  - A novel cell-surface antigen expressed on most leukocytes and a minor cortisone
      resistant population of thymocytes in rats: characterization by monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - A cell-surface antigen on rat lympho-hemopoietic cells was determined by using a
      monoclonal antibody, R2-1B3 (1B3). The 1B3 antibody, when tested for its
      reactivity with different hemopoietic cells by cytofluorography with a FACS
      analyzer, labeled more than 80% of lymph node, spleen, and bone marrow cells and
      10-20% of thymus cells. Cytofluorographic analysis performed on purified rat T
      cells, B cells, macrophages, and granulocytes demonstrated that the antigen
      defined by 1B3 was readily detectable on all of these cell types, with the
      greatest expression on B cells. A minor population of thymocytes that were
      labeled by 1B3 appeared to be cortisone-resistant and were located mainly in the
      thymic medulla. These 1B3 positive thymic cells seemed to be functionally more
      mature than 1B3-negative thymus cells as suggested by the fact that the cytotoxic
      treatment of thymus cells with 1B3 antibody and complement (C) resulted in
      significant reduction of their responsiveness to phytomitogens and lymphokines
      derived from concanavalin A (con A) activated rat spleen cell cultures.
      Immunochemical data showed that 1B3 antibody recognized the broad ill-defined
      band with a molecular weight of 32K to 47K daltons as estimated by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These data indicate that the 1B3 defined
      antigen is distinct from other, previously reported, antigens on rat lymphoid
      cells including leukocyte-common (L-C) and MRC OX-22 antigens, and that this 1B3
      antibody is a useful reagent for analyzing the intrathymic differentiation of T
      cells in rats.

PMID- 3840865
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of hereditary protein C deficiency.

PMID- 3840866
TI  - Simple linear regression in medical research.
AB  - This article discusses the method of fitting a straight line to data by linear
      regression and focuses on examples from 36 Original Articles published in the
      Journal in 1978 and 1979. Medical authors generally use linear regression to
      summarize the data (as in 12 of 36 articles in my survey) or to calculate the
      correlation between two variables (21 of 36 articles). Investigators need to
      become better acquainted with residual plots, which give insight into how well
      the fitted line models the data, and with confidence bounds for regression lines.
      Statistical computing packages enable investigators to use these techniques
      easily.

PMID- 3840867
TI  - Forensic application of DNA 'fingerprints'.
AB  - Many highly polymorphic minisatellite loci can be detected simultaneously in the
      human genome by hybridization to probes consisting of tandem repeats of the
      'core' sequence. The resulting DNA fingerprints produced by Southern blot
      hybridization are comprised of multiple hypervariable DNA fragments, show somatic
      and germline stability and are completely specific to an individual. We now show
      that this technique can be used for forensic purposes; DNA of high relative
      molecular mass (Mr) can be isolated from 4-yr-old bloodstains and semen stains
      made on cotton cloth and digested to produce DNA fingerprints suitable for
      individual identification. Further, sperm nuclei can be separated from vaginal
      cellular debris, obtained from semen-contaminated vaginal swabs, enabling
      positive identification of the male donor/suspect. It is envisaged that DNA
      fingerprinting will revolutionize forensic biology particularly with regard to
      the identification of rape suspects.

PMID- 3840868
TI  - [Therapy of orbital and retroorbital space occupying processes with optic nerve
      compression].
AB  - Space occupying lesions involving the optic nerve require individual management.
      Graves' disease is first treated with cortisone: failures of treatment require
      radiation and operative decompression. Good results have been achieved with
      cytostatic drugs and, in acute progressive loss of vision, with plasmapheresis.
      Idiopathic pseudo-tumor orbitae disappears with cortisone, failures of treatment
      indicate malignant development of a lymphoma, which requires management with
      cytostatic drugs or radiation. Granulomatous infiltration of the optic nerve in
      sarcoidosis should be treated first of all with steroids before proceeding to
      operative treatment. Primary optic nerve tumors such as gliomas and meningeomas
      should be removed operatively if they are located in front of the chiasm and
      continue to grow. If the chiasm is involved, radiation is preferable. Doubtful
      cases of clinically almost indistinguishable pinealomas which are very
      radiosensitive require primary radiation therapy. Sinus cavernosus fistulas
      should be treated by selective angiographic occlusion of the fistula. If this is
      impossible, the internal carotid artery may be occluded by introducing a ballon
      catheter. Loss of vision after blunt head trauma should be treated with megadoses
      of steroids, operative treatment is only promising in cases with progressive loss
      of vision.

PMID- 3840869
TI  - Breakpoints of reciprocal creatinine plots.

PMID- 3840870
TI  - [Autoimmune thyroiditis and pregnancy].

PMID- 3840871
TI  - Distribution of human leumorphin-like immunoreactivity in the monkey spinal cord
      revealed by immunocytochemistry.
AB  - The regional distribution of human leumorphin (HL)-like immunoreactivity (HL-LI)
      in monkey (Macaca fuscata) spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia was investigated
      by peroxidase-anti-peroxidase immunocytochemistry using specific antiserum. HL-LI
      positive fibers and terminals were distributed densely in laminae (Rexed) I and
      II, and sparsely in laminae III-VII and X, but no immunoreactive elements were
      observed in the ventral horn, the white matter or the dorsal root ganglia. Many
      immunoreactive neuronal perikarya were found in laminae I and II. Intrathecal
      injection of colchicine also revealed the presence of immunoreactive neuronal
      perikarya in laminae III-VII and X. These results suggest the presence of HL-LI,
      which represents HL and/or its C-terminal fragment, in the neuronal elements of
      the monkey spinal cord.

PMID- 3840872
TI  - The individual kidney function. A comparison between frame summation and
      deconvolution.
AB  - A variety of methods have been developed to estimate the individual kidney
      function. Many methods use a scintillation camera the data from which are
      processed in a computer system. To compare two of these methods, the principles
      of which are completely different, such as the 'Oberhausen' method of frame
      summation and background subtraction and a method that uses deconvolution, the
      scintillation camera data of 121 patients have been collected. A computer program
      was written to calculate the individual kidney function by which both methods
      were used. It is often asserted that specific techniques of frame summation and
      background subtraction are not suitable to define the individual kidney function.
      To see if this assertion is true, two different methods have been compared using
      the contribution of the left kidney to the individual kidney function. An
      excellent correlation between the two methods was found (R = 0.9808, n = 121)
      which proves the ability of both the 'Oberhausen' method and the method that uses
      deconvolution. However, it is also seen that the 'Oberhausen' method may give
      false results, caused by an increasing background count outside the kidneys in
      patients with a large difference in function between the two kidneys.

PMID- 3840873
TI  - Puerperal hypertension, stroke, and seizures after suppression of lactation with
      bromocriptine.
AB  - The "absolute safety" of bromocriptine as a drug of choice in suppression of
      lactation is questioned. Two cases of cerebrovascular events after the use of
      bromocriptine for lactation suppression are presented, and the available,
      pertinent literature is reviewed.

PMID- 3840874
TI  - Complications associated with the use of the neodymium:YAG laser.
AB  - The neodymium:YAG laser was used in a consecutive series of 93 eyes. Diagnosis
      was opacified posterior capsule in 81 eyes of which 52 were pseudophakic, with
      cystoid macular edema and vitreous strands in eight eyes, pigmented anterior
      hyaloid in two eyes, opacified anterior capsular flap in one eye and vitreous
      strand blocking an anterior chamber tube shunt to an encircling band tube in one
      eye. Despite significant visual improvement and reduction of cystoid macular
      edema, a variety of complications were seen. These included pitting of the
      implant in 26 eyes and cracks in four, two of which developed a vitreitis. These
      occurred more frequently in our earlier cases. Also seen was elevated IOP in six
      eyes, pupillary block in two, vitreous face rupture in five, cystoid macular
      edema in four, hyphemas in four, corneal injury in two and acute peripheral
      retinal hemorrhage in one eye.

PMID- 3840875
TI  - Endothelial damage from retrocorneal mode-locked neodymium:YAG laser pulses in
      monkeys.
AB  - Laser pulses were focused 0.85 to 1.60 mm from the rhesus monkey corneal
      endothelium using a mode-locked laser at 3.3 and 4.5 mJ. Sixteen slightly off
      axis pulses were applied with no contact lens on the eye. Corneal damage was
      studied clinically and by scanning electron microscopy. The retrocorneal distance
      for a 50% incidence of endothelial damage (LD 50 = lesion distance, 50%) for 3.3
      mJ mode-locked pulses was found to be 1.60 mm. All mode-locked pulses of 4.5 mJ
      focused 0.85 to 1.60 mJ from the endothelium caused damage. In comparison, Q
      switched pulses of 12 mJ or less are not likely to damage the cornea if focused
      more than 0.75 mm from the endothelium. The severe, early effect of mode-locked
      pulses is edema of endothelial cells in a 0.2- to 0.3-mm diameter circular zone
      surrounding a 0.1-mm diameter denuded zone with a small central break of
      Descemet's membrane. By two months, mild and moderate lesions heal with little or
      no distortion of the endothelial mosaic. Irregular enlargement of endothelial
      cells surrounding and covering the previously denuded area of severe lesions is
      caused by both mode-locked and Q-switched treatment. In no case was there
      clinically significant, persistent damage in the healed monkey corneas.

PMID- 3840876
TI  - Endothelial damage thresholds for retrocorneal Q-switched neodymium:YAG laser
      pulses in monkeys.
AB  - Laser pulses were focused within 1 mm of the rhesus monkey corneal endothelium
      using the Coherent Model 9900 laser at energies of 3, 6, 9, and 12 mJ. Sixteen
      slightly off-axis pulses were applied with no contact lens on the eye. Corneal
      damage was studied clinically and by scanning electron microscopy. Q-switched
      pulses of 12 mJ or less are not likely to damage the cornea if focused more than
      0.75 mm from the endothelium. The retrocorneal focal distance for a 50% incidence
      of endothelial damage for 6, 9, and 12 mJ pulses was found to be less than 0.5
      mm. For 3 mJ pulses, it was less than 0.25 mm. The severe early effect of
      suprathreshold pulses is edema of endothelial cells in a 0.2- to 0.6-mm diameter
      circular zone surrounding a small central pit through Descemet's membrane. At two
      months, irregular enlargement of endothelial cells surrounding and partially
      covering the persistent pit exists at sites of severe damage. The extent of the
      longer-term change is proportional to the severity of the original insult, but in
      no case was there clinically significant, persistent damage in the healed
      corneas.

PMID- 3840877
TI  - A study of intrathecal self-injection of morphine by rats, and the difficulties
      entailed.
AB  - Rats were chronically implanted with an intrathecal cannula, through which they
      were taught to self-administer morphine. After a training period of 2 weeks,
      their self-injection behaviour was studied before, during and after nociceptive
      stimulation. In response to nociceptive stimulation the rats increased their
      intrathecal self-injection of morphine. This effect is specific for morphine,
      since under the same conditions rats did not increase NaCl self-injection. Acute
      naloxone pre-treatment was shown to block the analgesic effect of intrathecal
      morphine administration. In the present experiments, morphine never induced
      convulsions or epilepsy. This suggests, first that the mode action of
      intrathecally injected morphine is located in the spinal cord and second, that
      the low dose (20-30 micrograms) of self-injected morphine is not sufficient to
      induce symptoms of convulsions or epilepsy. Our results show that the rats behave
      as if deliberately reducing the painful sensation. This experimental situation is
      therefore similar to the therapeutic situation in humans. It might, therefore, be
      used for preclinical evaluation of the efficacy of an analgesic drug.

PMID- 3840878
TI  - Acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon (Ogilvie's syndrome). Report of two cases
      and review of the literature.

PMID- 3840879
TI  - [Mosquitoes of the subgenus Edwardsaedes of the fauna of the Palaeoarctic region
      with a description of the larva of Aedes (Edw.) bekkui].
AB  - Two species of the subgenus Edwardsaedes, Ae. (Edw.) pingpaensis Chang and Ae.
      (Edw.) bekkui Mogi, are spread in the Palaearctic region, the first one being
      known from China only and the second one from Japan and South Primorye, USSR. The
      name Ae. (Edw.) antuensis Su, Wang et Li, 1965 should be considered as a synonym
      of Ae. (Edw.) pingpaensis Chang, 1965; the larva of Ae. (Ochlerotatus) sticticus
      Mg. has been erroneously described by Su et al. (1978) as larva of Ae. antuensis.
      The differential diagnosis of the females, male genitalia, and larvae of
      mosquitoes Ae. pingpaensis and Ae. bekkui, is given. The description of the
      fourth stage larva of Ae. bekkui from the South Primorye is presented for the
      first time in the home literature.

PMID- 3840880
TI  - Protection by sucralfate against indomethacin induced gastric ulceration in the
      guinea pig.
AB  - In the management of rheumatic diseases, peptic ulceration associated with anti
      inflammatory drug therapy is a major problem and seriously limits the usefulness
      of these agents. In acute experiments with a guinea pig total gastric pouch
      preparation, gastric damage induced by the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor
      indomethacin was shown to be enhanced by preliminary mucosal exposure to bile
      salts. In the present study, using the same preparation, we report that
      sucralfate, a basic aluminium salt of sucrose octasulphate, completely prevents
      the gastric damage observed in pouches exposed to sodium taurocholate and
      indomethacin. Prevention is shown not to relate solely to bile salt binding or to
      the weak antacid property of sucralfate.

PMID- 3840881
TI  - [Effect of macrophage stimulation on hepatocyte regeneration].

PMID- 3840882
TI  - Bronchodilators and diuretics in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
AB  - Pulmonary function tests (PFT) were obtained during the course of a self
      controlled study of six children aged 5 to 43 months who had moderate to severe
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Changes after the administration of intravenous
      (IV) furosemide (2 mg/kg), inhaled isoproterenol (0.2 cc, 1:200), inhaled
      atropine sulfate (0.05 mg/kg), and a placebo were assessed. The study indicated
      the furosemide and atropine significantly (P less than 0.05) increased dynamic
      compliance (CL) for the group. A decrease in total pulmonary resistance (RL) and
      work of breathing (W) was observed after isoproterenol, although the responses
      were not significant (P = 0.08 and P = 0.09, respectively). It was speculated
      that pulmonary edema and increased vagal tone may contribute to small airway
      dysfunction in children who have BPD.

PMID- 3840883
TI  - [Use of thymalin in the diseases of early infancy].

PMID- 3840884
TI  - [Diagnostic importance of determining circulating immune complexes in autoimmune
      thyroiditis in children].

PMID- 3840885
TI  - [Endocrine ophthalmopathy and autoimmune thyroid disease].

PMID- 3840886
TI  - Evidence for common precursors but differential processing of VIP and PHM in VIP
      producing tumors.
AB  - To elucidate the biosynthesis of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and
      investigate the suggestion that the prepro-VIP contains another peptide
      designated PHM (the peptide with N-terminal histidine and C-terminal methionine
      amide) in its sequence, the concentration and molecular forms of immunoreactive
      VIP and PHM in 14 human VIP producing tumors (VIP-omas) were determined. Elevated
      quantities of both peptides were found in all tumor extracts but the
      concentration of PHM did not correlate with that of VIP and the ratio VIP/PHM
      varied from 0.5 to 8.5. Gel chromatography showed that in addition to peaks
      corresponding to VIP and PHM, two larger molecular forms with Kd values of 0.31
      and 0.36 which displayed both VIP and PHM immunoreactivity were present. While
      the proportions between the various PHM molecular forms varied considerably, the
      relative contribution of the VIP immunoreactive peaks was rather constant from
      tumor to tumor. The molecular pattern was unaffected by protein denaturing with
      guanidine hydrochloride and cleavage of sulfide bonds with dithiothreitol. The
      findings indicate that VIP and PHM are co-produced in VIP-omas probably from
      common larger molecular forms and that differences in the post-translational
      processing between tissues exist.

PMID- 3840887
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of neuropeptide Y in the nucleus tractus solitarius of
      rats: relationship with noradrenaline and vasopressin.
AB  - The central haemodynamic effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY), both alone and together
      with either noradrenaline (NA) or vasopressin (AVP), have been investigated by
      microinjecting synthetic peptide into the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of
      anaesthetized rats. NPY alone elicited dose-dependent changes in blood pressure
      (BP) and heart rate (HR); 470 fmol inducing a pressor response, and 4.7 pmol a
      fall in BP. The hypotensive response to 20 nmol NA was significantly modified by
      both simultaneous and prior injection of an ineffective dose (47 fmol) of NPY.
      Prior injection of a similar dose of NPY also modified the NTS pressor effect of
      10 ng AVP. A relationship between the action of AVP and NPY in the NTS was
      further indicated by the finding that prior injection of an ineffective dose of
      AVP (1 ng) reduced the hypotensive response to 4.7 pmol NPY, and by the
      demonstration of contrasting effects of 4.7 pmol NPY in AVP-deficient Brattleboro
      rats compared to parent strain LE rats. These results, taken together with the
      recent localization of NPY-like immunoreactivity in the NTS, suggest a role for
      NPY in central cardiovascular control. In addition, NPY has been shown to exhibit
      functional interactions with both an amine neurotransmitter and a neuropeptide
      present in the NTS of rats.

PMID- 3840889
TI  - [Macro- and microscopic changes in damaged menisci of the knee joints].

PMID- 3840888
TI  - Substitution of norleucine for methionine residues in a crustacean pigment
      dispersing hormone.
AB  - In order to evaluate the structural/functional roles of Met residues in an
      octadecapeptide pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH: Asn-Ser-Gly-Met-Ile-Asn-Ser-Ile
      Leu-Gly-Ile-Pro-Arg-Val-Met-Thr-Glu-Ala- NH2), first described as light-adapting
      distal retinal pigment hormone (DRPH) from Pandalus, three analogs were
      synthesized: Nle4-PDH, Nle15-PDH, and Nle4,15-PDH. When tested for melanophore
      pigment-dispersing activity in destalked Uca, all three Nle-analogs were more
      potent than unsubstituted PDH. Performic acid oxidation caused a marked loss of
      potency of PDH, Nle4-PDH, and Nle15-PDH. The analog Nle4,15-PDH was resistant to
      oxidation and displayed 6-fold higher potency than PDH. Thus Met4 and Met15 are
      not essential for the PDH activity. The oxidation-induced loss of activity of
      unsubstituted PDH may result from introduction of oxygen (in methionine sulfone)
      and a consequent conformational change in the octadecapeptide.

PMID- 3840890
TI  - Common eyelid and orbital problems.
AB  - Several pathologic processes can disturb the complex structures of the eyelids
      and orbital tissues and the muscles that enable their proper function. Some
      disorders, such as entropion and ectropion, are usually acquired in later years
      from laxity of supporting structures. Blepharoptosis has a range of causes, from
      aging to an intracranial aneurysm, and its severity varies, from mild to almost
      complete closure of the lid fissures. Graves' orbitopathy can produce lid
      retraction, lid lag, and proptosis and can cause vision-threatening conditions.
      Orbital cellulitis produces pain, swelling, proptosis, and redness of the lids
      and conjunctivae and, if severe, can compromise ocular motility and visual
      acuity. Early recognition of the specific disorder and prompt and adequate
      treatment are essential to spare the patient discomfort and ensure preservation
      of vision.

PMID- 3840891
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual men.

PMID- 3840892
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases: an overview.

PMID- 3840894
TI  - Female reproductive organs and breast cancer mortality in New Jersey counties and
      the relationship with certain environmental variables.
AB  - Age-adjusted female reproductive organs and breast cancer mortality rates (all
      sites combined) were higher in 19 of 21 New Jersey counties than the U.S.
      national rates. Compared with national trends, New Jersey cervical cancer and
      corpus uteri rates have declined less than the national rate among all races.
      Ovarian and breast cancer rates have not changed over the years, a pattern
      similar to that of the nation. New Jersey cancer mortality rates during the
      period 1968-1977 that highly significantly (P less than 0.0005) exceeded national
      rates were cancers of the cervix in 2 counties among whites and in one county
      among nonwhites; of the corpus uteri and uterus not specified in 3 counties among
      whites; of the ovaries in 3 counties among whites; and of the breast in 10
      counties among whites. The overall New Jersey cancer mortality significantly (P
      less than 0.0005) exceeded national rates for ovarian cancer among whites and
      nonwhites and for breast cancer among whites. Statistically significant and
      positive correlations were found between breast cancer mortality and chemical
      toxic waste disposal sites, annual per capita income, urbanization index, and
      population density among whites in 21 New Jersey counties. Ovarian cancer
      mortality was also significantly and positively correlated with annual per capita
      income, and negatively with birth defects. Cervical cancer mortality showed a
      significant negative correlation with annual per capita income and a significant
      positive correlation with birth defects and low birth weight among nonwhites in
      21 New Jersey counties.

PMID- 3840893
TI  - Vaginal discharge.

PMID- 3840895
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical course of diffuse toxic goiter].
AB  - The authors describe rather rare clinical forms of diffuse toxic goiter with
      bradycardia, pretibial myxedema, the absence of ophthalmic sings and noticeable
      cachexy. All necessary investigations for more rational differential diagnosis
      are enlisted. A possibility of the development of the clinical picture of
      thyrotoxicosis in TTH producting hypophyseal adenomas, chorionepithelioma and
      hydatidiform mole is emphasized.

PMID- 3840896
TI  - [Surgical treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis].
AB  - The authors used combined modality therapy including clinical, laboratory, x-ray,
      radiological, immunological and histological methods to diagnose autoimmune
      thyroiditis. Enlargement of the thyroid up to the 3-4 th degree, signs of
      compression or shift of the trachea and esophagus, the presence of nodes,
      progressive goiter growth and suspected malignant transformation served as
      indications for surgical intervention. Subfascial extirpation of the thyroid can
      be an operation of choice in surgical treatment of Hoshimoto's thyroiditis. A
      question of the time of surgical intervention cannot be considered completely
      solved.

PMID- 3840897
TI  - [Pulmonary surfactant in the expired air condensate of patients with respiratory
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 3840898
TI  - Structure dependence of angiotensin tachyphylaxis and the mechanisms of saralasin
      like and sarmesin like antagonism.

PMID- 3840899
TI  - Cisapride increases gastric emptying without affecting small or large bowel
      transit.

PMID- 3840900
TI  - Sucralfate and gastric bicarbonate.
AB  - The effect of sucralfate treatment (3 g daily for 6 weeks) on gastric HCO3-
      secretion was investigated in 15 duodenal ulcer patients. After treatment a
      highly significant (p less than 0.01) increase in gastric bicarbonate output was
      found. It is suggested that the mode of action of sucralfate includes stimulation
      of gastric alkaline secretion.

PMID- 3840901
TI  - Oxygen transport: a simple model for study and examination.

PMID- 3840902
TI  - A microcomputer-based method for physiologically interpretable measurement of the
      rewarding efficacy of brain stimulation.
AB  - Determination of the function relating rate of pressing to the number of pulses
      in a train of fixed duration (the rate-frequency function) yields a
      physiologically interpretable measure of changes in the rewarding efficacy of the
      stimulation, because the number of action potentials in the reward-relevant first
      stage axons is directly proportional to the number of pulses in the train. We
      describe a system, based on a low cost microcomputer, which permits determination
      of 16-data-point rate-frequency functions in 4-6 animals simultaneously in less
      than 10 minutes. We give an empirical and theoretical justification for using the
      curve-shift measurement procedure in drug and lesion work, where the experimental
      treatments must be presumed to have substantial effects on performance factors.

PMID- 3840903
TI  - Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of ganoderans A and B, glycans of Ganoderma
      lucidum fruit bodies.

PMID- 3840904
TI  - Beating fantasies in a latency girl: their role in female sexual development.
AB  - Detailed clinical material is presented from the analysis of a latency girl whose
      inner life revolved around a series of beating fantasies. The clinical data
      support Freud's 1925 formulation that the perception of sexual differences
      initiates the oedipus complex in the girl. Whether a girl experiences vaginal
      sensations before puberty has been a controversial issue; in this girl vaginal
      sensations and contractions appeared prior to puberty.

PMID- 3840905
TI  - Responses of mouse lung to irradiation. 2. Levels of alveolar protein in lung
      lavage fluid following neutrons or X-rays.
AB  - Alveolar protein exudate is shown to exhibit a biphasic increase after
      irradiation. During the first 6 weeks after doses of between 5 and 28 Gy X-rays
      or 3.5 and 14 Gy neutrons, mean alveolar protein levels increase to about 4 times
      control levels. Over this period there was no suggestion of any dose-response nor
      of an RBE greater than 1. It seems probable that this response is unrelated to
      cell killing by radiation. After sublethal doses there was recovery from this
      first phase of leakage. However, although after 5 Gy X-rays this recovery was
      complete, after higher doses a second and greater increase in alveolar protein
      took place. After 10 Gy X-rays and 8 Gy neutrons this peaked at about 15 weeks
      post-irradiation and 20-30 times control levels. This second dose-dependent
      response corresponded with the times of animal death after doses close to the
      LD50. A comparison of these changes in alveolar protein exudate with previously
      published data on surfactant level suggests that the surfactant and protein
      responses are largely unrelated.

PMID- 3840906
TI  - Release and degradation of neurotensin during perfusion of rat small intestine
      with lipid.
AB  - The levels of neurotensin (NT) and its metabolite, the N-terminal octapeptide
      (NT1-8), identified by HPLC and measured by RIA, were increased in the hepatic
      portal circulation of the anesthetized rat during perfusion of the small
      intestine with a lipid solution, while levels of both peptides remained unchanged
      in the general circulation. There was no significant arteriovenous difference for
      NT or NT1-8 during saline perfusion of the small intestine. Plasma collected from
      the superior mesenteric vein during the infusion of [3H]NT into the superior
      mesenteric artery showed major peaks of radioactivity with the retention times of
      NT1-8 and NT1-11 on HPLC. Only 12% of the radioactivity recovered from plasma was
      intact NT. These studies demonstrate that chromatographically identified NT and
      its metabolite, NT1-8, are elevated in the portal circulation but not systemic
      circulation during lipid perfusion and that the small intestine may be both the
      site of release and metabolism of NT.

PMID- 3840907
TI  - [Review of the clinical usefulness of triiodothyronine uptake values].

PMID- 3840908
TI  - Effects of acute hypoxia on heat production capacity in newborn lambs.
AB  - Severe hypoxia during birth results in a metabolic acidosis and depressed heat
      production capacity. The aetiology of the depressed heat production capacity is
      unknown. To investigate this problem newborn lambs were exposed to a 30 minute
      period of hypoxia by causing them to breathe room air diluted with nitrogen. Heat
      production capacity was subsequently estimated as summit metabolic rate. When
      summit metabolic rate was estimated at the end of the period of hypoxia a
      depression to 66 per cent of the control value was observed (P less than 0.01)
      but no depression was observed when the estimation of summit metabolic rate was
      delayed for 30 minutes. Hypoxia resulted in metabolic acidosis, hyperlactaemia
      and considerable increases in the plasma concentrations of adrenaline and
      noradrenaline. Summit metabolic rate was positively correlated with blood pH at
      the beginning of summit metabolism in lambs which had a pH value of less than
      7.05. There were no other relationships between summit metabolic rate and blood
      composition. These results suggest that the poor heat production capacity found
      in lambs which have suffered hypoxia during birth may be directly related to
      acidaemia.

PMID- 3840909
TI  - Mechanical behavior of isolated lungs in hyperlipemic animals.
AB  - Altered pulmonary function has been reported by many authors in hyperlipemic
      animals and patients. Our experiments show that isolated lungs of rats rendered
      hyperlipemic by means of suitable diets display a significantly increased static
      compliance when pressure-volume (P-V) curves are analyzed during deflation
      following inflation with air. No differences are observed when P-V curves are
      obtained with saline. Furthermore the stability index calculated through the
      analysis of the deflation curve was significantly higher in rats treated with two
      different hyperlipidic diets (average stability index: 1.06 and 1.04 in the two
      treated groups, both significantly higher than the two control groups, 0.80 and
      0.72, p less than 0.01 in both cases). The observed mechanical effects of
      hyperlipidemia on lung characteristics in rats show that altered surfactant
      properties and function play a major role in these experimental conditions.

PMID- 3840910
TI  - Overview of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and the requirements for a vaccine.
AB  - Chlamydia trachomatis is an important human pathogen. The development of vaccines
      designed to prevent C. trachomatis-associated morbidity would be highly
      desirable. In the developing world the major goal is the prevention of blindness
      due to trachoma; in industrialized societies and in some developing countries,
      the major goal is the prevention of chlamydial salpingitis and its consequences.
      In early trials of trachoma vaccine composed of a suspension of elementary bodies
      (the infectious particles), short-lived protective immunity was induced, but
      deleterious effects, i.e., hyperreactivity to infection, were also noted. Thus it
      is likely that separation of the protective from the sensitizing antigens and the
      development of a subunit vaccine will be necessary. Chlamydial virulence factors
      include the surface structures (presumably antigenic) that are responsible for
      specific attachment of the organism to a susceptible host cell, induction of
      phagocytosis by the host cell, or inhibition of phagolysosomal fusion. Serotype
      specific neutralizing antigens might also be candidate antigens. Purification of
      such subunit antigens from chlamydial particles is probably impractical. It is
      likely that genetic engineering will be required for the production of cloned
      antigens after such antigens have been identified.

PMID- 3840911
TI  - Interactions between spermatozoa and the crypts, cilia, and mucus of the cervix
      in the ewe.
AB  - In ruminants, minor cervical folds, commonly called crypts, temporarily store
      spermatozoa for a short interval of time between insemination and fertilization.
      However, the mechanism by which spermatozoa are transported to these crypts and
      subsequently to the uterus is not known. To study this problem, cervical tissue,
      which was removed from ewes that were naturally inseminated by rams at estrus,
      was examined with the scanning electron microscope to determine the physical
      associations that occur between the spermatozoa and the structural features of
      the cervix. The study indicates that the spermatozoa generally are not oriented
      parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cervix, exhibit no consistent
      association with the cervical cilia, and do not lie in any well defined channels
      formed by the cervical secretions. Alternatively, the majority of spermatozoa
      occur as isolated aggregations that lie in or near the shallow folds or crypts of
      the cervix. The vast numbers of spermatozoa in these aggregations and the lack of
      any common orientation suggest that some form of external stimulus, such as
      cervical contractions, might be responsible for the initial mass movement and
      distribution of spermatozoa in the cervix of the ewe.

PMID- 3840912
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy as an analytical tool for the study of calcified
      intrauterine contraceptive devices.
AB  - Within the endometrial cavity intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) become
      encrusted with cellular, acellular, and fibrillar substances. Scanning electron
      microscopy was used to study the crust. Cellular material consisted mainly of
      blood cells and various types of bacteria. The fibrillar material appeared to be
      fibrin which was omnipresent in the crust and formed a thin layer immediately
      over the IUD surface. X-ray microanalysis of the acellular component of the crust
      revealed the presence of calcium. No other major peaks were identified. Near the
      IUD surface characteristic calcium phosphate crystals were present. Their
      microanalysis showed peaks for calcium and phosphorus. X-ray diffraction of the
      crust however, showed it to contain only calcite. It is through the use of
      scanning electron microscopy that calcium phosphate has been detected in the IUD
      crust and a fibrillar layer has been visualized on the IUD surface. This study
      further demonstrates the effectiveness of SEM analytical techniques in the area
      of biomedical research.

PMID- 3840913
TI  - [Acute hypercalcemia syndrome in sarcoidosis].
AB  - In a 26-year-old patient admitted to the emergency ward with acute abdomen, all
      the symptoms--nausea, vomiting, indeterminate abdominal pain, constipation, renal
      failure, polyuria and polydipsia--could be explained by calcium intoxication
      syndrome. Investigation revealed generalized sarcoidosis. Under medical treatment
      with prednisone all the pathologic findings rapidly regressed. The pathogenesis
      of hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis, and particularly the disorder of vitamin D
      metabolism with raised levels of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, are discussed.

PMID- 3840914
TI  - [Food allergy. I. Pathogenesis, clinicaL aspects and diagnosis].
AB  - Gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
      (MALT) form the pathophysiological basis for immune function of the
      gastrointestinal tract. The precondition for an immune response to food antigens
      is absorption through the mucosa. "M"-cells in the epithelial layer in Peyer's
      patches are specialized for antigen uptake. Foodstuff allergens either ingested
      or inhaled may cause, locally or systematically, a multitude of symptoms. All
      four allergic reaction mechanisms, according to the classification of Coombs and
      Gell, may occur alone or in combination. Due to the lack or reliable test
      procedures, allergic reactions to food often remain unrecognized or, on the other
      hand, are too often supposed. It is important to arrive at a clear definition of
      food allergies. Other causes of incompatibility to foodstuffs must be excluded,
      such as toxic effects, intolerance reactions to pharmacologically vasoactive or
      psychoactive substances in certain foods, and pseudo-allergic reactions and
      enzymopathies. Food allergies with type I reactions are easily recognized by
      means of a careful history and allergological examination, especially using
      scratch or prick tests with fresh food, RAST, and a carefully conducted
      elimination diet. None of the other available in-vitro test methods can replace
      the allergological examination. Some cases of food allergy are presented which
      demonstrate the often painful process from symptom to specific diagnosis.

PMID- 3840915
TI  - Cloning of a gene whose expression is increased in scrapie and in senile plaques
      in human brain.
AB  - A complementary DNA library was constructed from messenger RNA's extracted from
      the brains of mice infected with the scrapie agent. The library was
      differentially screened with the objectives of finding clones that might be used
      as markers of infection and finding clones of genes whose increased expression
      might be correlated with the pathological changes common to scrapie and
      Alzheimer's disease. A gene was identified whose expression is increased in
      scrapie. The complementary DNA corresponding to this gene hybridized
      preferentially and focally to cells in the brains of scrapie-infected animals.
      The cloned DNA also hybridized to the neuritic plaques found with increased
      frequency in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3840916
TI  - Methodology and clinical significance of heparin cofactor II. Probable heparin
      cofactor II deficiency in a patient with cerebrovascular thrombosis.
AB  - HC II was functionally determined by thrombin inhibition in the presence of
      heparin in AT III-free plasma prepared by immunoadsorption on anti-AT III
      Sepharose 4B column. HC II antigen concentration was assayed using specific
      antibodies to HC II. Simultaneously, AT III was measured. Plasma levels of HC II
      and AT III were determined in 110 patients with thrombotic tendency and two
      patients with obstetric complications and DIC. Highly significant correlations
      between activity and antigen prove the suitability of the methods. Reduced levels
      of HC II to about 50% with normal AT III values were repeatedly found in one
      patient with thrombotic tendency. The course of AT III and HC II during the
      process of DIC suggests that HC II may function as a thrombin inhibitor reserve
      when AT III becomes subnormally low.

PMID- 3840917
TI  - Protein C deficiency in Austria.

PMID- 3840918
TI  - Protein C in thromboembolic disease.
AB  - Human protein C is the central protein of an important regulatory mechanism, as
      shown by the high incidence of thromboembolic complications in congenital
      deficiencies of protein C. Both abnormal molecules and half-normal levels of
      protein C antigen and activity have been found in patients with familial
      thrombotic complications. Newborn infants with congenital homozygous protein C
      deficiency develop catastrophic thrombosis (purpura fulminans) and will not
      survive beyond the neonatal period without protein C replacement. Individuals
      with systemic thrombosis have significantly decreased levels of protein C
      concomitant with the severity of the DIC. These studies suggest that protein C is
      important not only in the congenital deficiencies, but also in acquired
      deficiencies, such as during DIC or possibly the postsurgical hypercoagulable
      state.

PMID- 3840919
TI  - [Value of arthrography in the diagnosis of uncertain knee complaints. Experiences
      with lesions of the attachment zone of the meniscus].

PMID- 3840920
TI  - [Gestagnost, a required part of the basic examination of women with tumors of the
      lung, kidney, liver and central nervous system].

PMID- 3840921
TI  - Fetal alcohol effects--incidence and understanding in the Cape.

PMID- 3840922
TI  - Primary lymphoma of the cervix. A case report.
AB  - A case of primary lymphoma of the cervix, which illustrates the difficulty in
      histological diagnosis in such cases, is presented, and one method of treating
      the condition, namely by chemotherapy, is discussed.

PMID- 3840923
TI  - The incidence of thyroid carcinoma in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and
      solitary cold nodules.
AB  - The reported incidence of thyroid carcinoma in Hashimoto's thyroiditis varies
      widely. For this reason the specific subpopulation of patients with Hashimoto's
      thyroiditis and a solitary cold nodule was analyzed. Between 1972 and 1984 we
      operated on 146 consecutive patients with solitary cold nodules and Hashimoto's
      thyroiditis. There were 47 carcinomas, for an incidence of 32%. The mean age of
      the 146 patients was 43 1/2 years (median 44 years), with 126 females and 20
      males. There was a history of prior head and neck radiation exposure in 54
      patients, with a 33% incidence of thyroid carcinoma. The 92 patients without a
      history of radiation exposure had a 31.5% incidence of carcinoma. The frequency
      of multicentricity (bilateralism) was 33% in the group that underwent radiation
      and 24% in the group that did not. To date, with a mean follow-up of 4.7 years,
      there have been no deaths and no evidence of recurrence. In conclusion, we report
      a 32% incidence of thyroid carcinoma in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and
      a solitary cold nodule, with no apparent difference between the patients with or
      without a history of radiation exposure, although there was a higher incidence of
      bilateralism (33% versus 24%) in the carcinomas of the patients with a history of
      head and neck irradiation. We suggest that the operative management of these
      patients is total thyroidectomy for those with a history of head and neck
      radiation and thyroid lobectomy for patients with no history of radiation,
      followed by contralateral lobectomy if a carcinoma is demonstrated.

PMID- 3840924
TI  - [Body lesions with an accidental character].

PMID- 3840925
TI  - Purification of human prothrombin fragment 1 using hydrophobic interaction
      chromatography on phenyl-sepharose.
AB  - Hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Phenyl-Sepharose for the purification
      of prothrombin fragment 1 is described. The results suggest that this method is
      both easier and more effective than the use of anion-exchange chromatography for
      the purification of fragment 1. In addition, the results presented here suggest
      that prothrombin has rather extensive hydrophobic properties.

PMID- 3840926
TI  - Comparison of a functional assay for protein C with two immunoassays.

PMID- 3840927
TI  - Histidine increases the frequency of chromosomal aberrations induced by the
      xanthine oxidase-hypoxanthine system in V79 cells.
AB  - The combined effects of the xanthine oxidase (XO)-hypoxanthine (HX) system and
      the various kinds of amino acids in Eagle's minimum essential medium on
      chromosomal aberrations were studied in Chinese hamster V79 cells. Among 13 amino
      acids tested, only histidine significantly increased the number of aberrant
      chromosomes and cytotoxicity in combination with the XO-HX system. This enhancing
      effect of histidine on chromosomal aberrations was dose-dependent at 0.063% -
      0.25%; it was not affected by superoxide dismutase, but was strongly inhibited by
      catalase.

PMID- 3840928
TI  - [Preliminary experience with atracurium (Tracrium). A new neuromuscular blocker].

PMID- 3840929
TI  - [The value of primary radiography of the knee joint in suspected injuries of the
      menisci and/or ligaments].

PMID- 3840930
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of the env gene from the human provirus ERV3 and
      isolation and characterization of an ERV3-specific cDNA.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the env gene of a previously described human provirus
      (ERV3) has been determined beginning near the 3'-end of the pol gene and
      continuing through the 3'-LTR. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed the
      presence of a long open reading frame of 1944 nucleotides that is capable of
      encoding a polypeptide that has characteristics of other retroviral glycoproteins
      and transmembrane proteins. These include the presence of seven potential
      glycosylation sites, a typical glycoprotein-transmembrane protein cleavage
      sequence, and amino acid homologies to the glycoproteins and transmembrane
      proteins of other retroviruses. Further, we have isolated an ERV3-specific cDNA
      clone from a library prepared from liver RNA of a 20-week human fetus. DNA
      sequence analysis of this clone revealed that it is identical to the ERV3 genomic
      clone in the 1110 nucleotides that were sequenced.

PMID- 3840932
TI  - [Effect of metoclopramide, papaverine and gastrozepin on the myoelectrical
      activity of the stomach and small intestine].

PMID- 3840931
TI  - [Effectiveness of treating stenocardia patients with obzidan, corvaton and
      corinfar based on the indices of spirometric bicycle ergometry and of central
      hemodynamics].

PMID- 3840933
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases].

PMID- 3840934
TI  - Efficacy of ivermectin against Trichinella spiralis in mice.

PMID- 3840935
TI  - Effect of heavy metals on cellular growth, metabolism and integrity of cultured
      Chinese hamster kidney cells.
AB  - The effects of CdCl2, Na2CrO4, NaAsO2 and NiSO4 on cultured Chinese hamster
      kidney cells were studied over a concentration range for 48 h. Release of lactate
      dehydrogenase, a parameter of cell viability, was not closely related to cell
      proliferation except for Na2CrO4. A better correlation was obtained between
      glucose consumption and lactate production, and cellular growth. When studying
      toxic effects of metals in cell-culture systems, metabolic parameters should be
      determined in addition to cell viability and cellular growth. The results
      indicate that Chinese hamster kidney cells in culture might be useful to study
      mechanisms of metal-induced toxicity.

PMID- 3840936
TI  - [New knowledge on the mechanism of action of oncogenes, carcinogens and
      anticarcinogens].
AB  - In the development of a tumour a multistep process is existing, in which after
      activation of a cellular oncogen and after efficacy of a viral oncogenat first an
      avalanche-like increase of transforming, excluding the regulation of cell
      division proteins takes place. In many forms of tumours the transforming proteins
      possess the property of protein kinases and phosphorylize proteins situated in
      the area of the cell membrane. In some forms of tumours an enrichment in the area
      of the cell nucleus takes place. Secondarily, in the tumour cells frequently
      other oncogens are activated and an activation of further genes for the formation
      of growth factors or of proteins of the histocompatibility complex, respectively,
      occurs. Some transforming proteins themselves possess the properties of growth
      factors and of receptors, respectively, for the binding of such ones.
      Cocarcinogens activate the protein kinase C, e.g. the phorbol esters.
      Anticarcinogens influence the transcription, e.g. the vitamin A and the 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3. Vitamin A and analogous compounds increases the functional
      capacity of the immune defense.

PMID- 3840937
TI  - Interaction of M protein and RNP of fowl plague virus in vitro.
AB  - The ability of the fowl plague virus (FPV) M protein to form a complex with FPV
      RNP and to inhibit the RNP transcriptase activity in vitro depended on NaCl
      concentration and did not depend on the concentration of nonionic detergents. The
      results obtained indicate that the M protein-RNP links formed were of an
      electrostatic rather than a hydrophobic nature. As demonstrated using individual
      RNP components, vRNA and RNA-free protein structures, M protein formed complexes
      only with vRNA, and the complex formation was salt-dependent. Analysis of
      products formed in the in vitro system containing RNP of FPV in the presence of
      the M protein showed impairment in the transcription of all RNA segments. The
      degree of inhibition correlated with the size of a segment, transcription of high
      molecular weight RNA segments being inhibited significantly more than that of low
      molecular weight RNA segments.

PMID- 3840938
TI  - [Lipoamide dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase
      in skeletal muscle. IX. The influence of the rate of thawing on activity and
      subcellular distribution in fast and slow frozen bovine muscle].
AB  - Samples of bovine muscle (post rigor) were frozen at -30 degrees C at two
      different rates (1.27 min/degrees C and 13.10 min/degrees C) and thawed at
      different rates between 1.6 (22 degrees C) and 430 min/degrees C (0 degrees C).
      The activities of the mitochondrial enzymes lipoamide dehydrogenase, citrate
      synthase, and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase were determined in the
      supernatant of the tissue homogenate in phosphate buffer (total activity) and in
      the press juice of the intact tissue (activity in the sarcoplasma). The rate of
      thawing did not show a significant influence on total enzyme activities. In most
      cases, however, slow thawing caused a greater release of the enzymes from the
      mitochondria into the sarcoplasmic fluid than fast thawing, this effect being
      apparently independent of the rate of freezing. The greater damage to
      mitochondrial membranes upon slow thawing cannot be due to a longer exposure of
      the muscle cell to increased ionic strength in the non-freezable part of the cell
      water at the "critical" temperature around -3 degrees C because freezing of
      muscle samples at -3 degrees C and incubating them at -3 degrees C for five days
      resulted neither in changes of the total enzyme activities nor in a release of
      the three mitochondrial enzymes. From these results it is concluded that the
      influence of thawing rate on the damage to muscle mitochondria is probably not
      due to ionic effects or to recrystallization phenomena in the ice phase.

PMID- 3840939
TI  - [Lipoamide dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase in skeletal muscles. X. The influence of frozen storage of bovine
      and porcine muscle on activity and subcellular distribution].
AB  - The influence of storage of bovine and porcine muscle at -20 degrees C for 12
      months and of thawing on the total extractable activity and subcellular
      distribution (activities in the supernatant of a phosphate buffer extract and in
      the press juice of the thawed tissue) of the mitochondrial enzymes lipoamide
      dehydrogenase (LIPDH), citrate synthase (CS) and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase (HADH) was studied. The total activity of LIPDH decreased during
      frozen storage whereas the activities of CS and HADH did not change appreciably.
      From the increase of CS and HADH activities in the muscle press juice it was
      concluded that--additionally to the effect of freezing and thawing itself--frozen
      storage results in further damage to the inner membrane of muscle mitochondria,
      which may be recognized from the increased release of membrane-bound enzymes. In
      this respect porcine muscle mitochondria seem to be more sensitive than bovine
      muscle mitochondria.

PMID- 3840940
TI  - [Lipoamide dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase
      of skeletal muscle. 9. Influence of frozen storage of musculature of sheep, game
      and poultry on activity and subcellular distribution].
AB  - Frozen storage at -20 degrees C for three months and thawing of muscles from
      sheep, hare and deer, and of the breast and leg muscles from chicken and duck did
      not result in significant changes in the extractable total activities of the
      mitochondrial enzymes citrate synthase and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase;
      however there was a decrease in the total activity of lipoamide dehydrogenase
      except in the chicken leg muscle, where such a decrease did not occur. From the
      increase in the activities of the three enzymes in the muscle press juice it was
      concluded that - additionally to the effect of freezing and thawing itself -
      frozen storage results in further damage to the inner membrane of muscle
      mitochondria which is signalled by the release of membrane-bound enzymes. Chicken
      muscle mitochondria seem to be more stable against frozen storage of the tissue
      than the mitochondria in the muscles of the other species studied (including
      bovine and porcine muscle).

PMID- 3840941
TI  - [Reduction of the transfer of surface active agent residues in food].
AB  - Surfactants used for cleaning and disinfection in food production and food
      processing can form residue on treated materials. Upon sequential contact of
      these materials with foods these foods may become contaminated. Different
      materials (steel, acrylonitrile rubber, polypropylene, polyamide, methyl
      methacrylate) were treated with aqueous solutions of dodecyl-trimethyl
      ammoniumchloride, a bactericidal quaternary ammonium compound, and stearyl
      alcohol oxethylate, a nonionic surfactant. The adhering amounts of surfactants
      were measured by a radio tracer technique. It was analysed, how much of the
      adhering surfactants could be removed with water depending on rinsing time, water
      temperature, flow velocity, and number of rinsing cycles. It has furthermore been
      determined to what extent adhering surfactants are rinsed off by milk and juice.

PMID- 3840942
TI  - [Results of endoscopy studies of the knee joint].

PMID- 3840943
TI  - [Surfactant synthesis and lung maturity].
AB  - Reported about synthesis, composition and function of surfactant. Because of the
      importance of functional lung maturity for fetal survival the prenatal
      prophylaxis of RDS has a great importance. Glucocorticoid treatment is
      recommended in view of the success and without alternative the.

PMID- 3840944
TI  - Contribution of defective sperm function to infertility.
AB  - The nature and significance of some biologically orientated tests of human sperm
      function is discussed by the Authors. In particular tests for motility and the
      fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa are examined, motility tests and the zona
      free hamster oocyte penetration test are particularly criticized. The Authors
      affirm that hamster oocyte tests carried out in the presence of A 23187 have
      shown to correlate with fertility in vivo and may be of critical value in
      decreasing the incidence of false negative scores. The data furnished by this
      test will provide a logical basis for discovering the aetiology of male
      infertility as well as devising techniques to both detect and treat these
      conditions.

PMID- 3840945
TI  - Assessment of the presynaptic effect of atracurium. Train-of-four and tetanic
      stimulation in in vitro preparations.
AB  - The present experiments were designed to study the effect of atracurium on the
      contractile responses produced by repetitive motor nerve stimulation and by
      depolarizing drugs in frog, chick and rat skeletal muscle-nerve preparations,
      using electrophysiological and neurochemical techniques. The presynaptic effect
      of atracurium was assessed using train-of-four (2 Hz) and tetanic stimulation (50
      Hz) in isolated chick and rat neuromuscular junctions. A further measure of the
      presynaptic effect of atracurium was examined by studying its effect on the
      uptake of labelled choline, 3H-methylcholine, in the control preparations. The
      effect of atracurium on postjunctional contractile responses of the chick
      isolated biventer cervicis skeletal muscle was studied using cholinergic drugs
      such as acetylcholine and tetraethylammonium. The results indicated that in
      addition to its postjunctional competitive and non-depolarizing blocking effect,
      atracurium may have a prejunctional inhibitory action at the neuromuscular
      junction. Atracurium reduced all the contractile responses produced by both
      electrical and chemical stimulation.

PMID- 3840947
TI  - Massive discoid medial meniscus. A case report.
AB  - Only eight cases of massive discoid meniscus have previously been published in
      the English literature. Our case had a tear and was diagnosed by arthroscopy.

PMID- 3840946
TI  - Structural and histochemical study of the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on
      long-bone growth center in suckling mice.
AB  - The in vivo effects of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on cellular
      structure and response, matrix metachromasia and mineralization have been studied
      in the epiphysis and growth plate of humeri in normal neonatal mice. A relatively
      low dose of the metabolite, 50 ng/kg body weight, significantly increased the
      overall size of humeral growth plate, the zone of proliferating cells and that of
      hypertrophic chondrocytes. The response of the tissue to the metabolite changed
      with the increase in dose administered so that it was only the zone of
      proliferation that still showed increases in size in comparison to untreated
      controls. 1,25 (OH)2D3 led to an increase in the metachromatic reaction of the
      cartilage matrix in the chondroblastic zone, and to marked increase in matrix
      mineralization in the hypertrophic zone. Qualitative changes were also noted in
      the structure of chondroblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes. 1,25(OH)2D3
      affected the osteoblastic and osteocytic populations of cells along the
      metaphysis and diaphysis of the humerus. High doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 brought about
      distinct atrophic changes in the above cells. Chondrocytes in the epiphysis were
      found to synthesize type I collagen and fibronectin. These findings indicate that
      excessive doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 in an intact growing animal affect the normal
      differentiative pathway of prechondroblasts and thereby affect long bone
      development.

PMID- 3840948
TI  - Myosin light chain kinases and myosin phosphorylation in skeletal muscle.
AB  - Myosin light chain kinases appear to exist as a family of tissue- and species
      specific isozymes. The skeletal muscle kinases, although differing widely in
      molecular weight among vertebrate species, are catalytically similar and
      antigenically related. The smooth muscle kinases are catalytically and
      antigenically distinct from the skeletal muscle kinases. The functional basis for
      the existence of myosin light chain kinase isozymes has not been determined.
      Phosphorylation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle myosin P-light chain occurs at
      physiologically relevant contraction frequencies and durations, and the extent of
      P-light chain phosphorylation correlates with enhancement of isometric twitch
      tension in fast-twitch muscle under a variety of experimental conditions.
      Phosphorylation of myosin P-light chain in vertebrate fast-twitch skeletal muscle
      may play a modulatory role in calcium regulation of muscle contractility.

PMID- 3840949
TI  - The biochemical pharmacology of CI-920, a structurally novel antibiotic with
      antileukemic activity.
AB  - CI-920 is a structurally novel, phosphate-containing polyene lactone antitumor
      agent isolated from a previously undescribed subspecies of Streptomyces
      pulveraceus cultured from a Brazilian soil sample. CI-920 was active against
      murine leukemia P388, and highly active and curative against L1210 leukemia in
      vivo. CI-920 was less active or inactive against the murine solid tumors tested.
      Daily administration for five to nine days was more effective against L1210
      leukemia than a single dose or doses every four days. Given three times daily for
      five days, CI-920 was more toxic and less active. CI-920 had similar activity
      intravenously and intraperitoneally. Oral administration was inactive and
      nontoxic. Subcutaneous treatment was less effective and more toxic. Structure
      activity relationship studies showed that the phosphate group was essential for
      antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro. Hydrolyzing the lactone ring also
      resulted in loss of antitumor activity, as did acetylation of the 6-hydroxyl
      group. Hydroxylation at the 5-position of the lactone ring resulted in partial
      retention of antitumor activity, but in greater toxicity to mice. Removal of the
      13-hydroxyl group resulted in retention of high antitumor activity with
      approximately three-fold improvement in dose-potency. CI-920 is not cytotoxic to
      prokaryotic cells. CI-920 causes inhibition of biosynthesis of RNA and DNA in
      intact L1210 cells. Protein synthesis is also inhibited at higher drug
      concentrations. The inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis is not an antimetabolite
      effect, since pools of ribonucleoside triphosphates and deoxyribonucleoside
      triphosphates are not depleted. CI-920 does not cause DNA strand breakage, as
      measured by alkaline elution, and is not mutagenic in the Ames test at
      concentrations up to 200 micrograms/ml. CI-920 does not cause direct inhibition
      of RNA polymerase or DNA polymerase in permeabilized cells. It is possible that
      CI-920 must be metabolically activated within the target cells; alternatively it
      may interact with a component of chromatin other than DNA or the polymerases.
      Flow cytometry studies showed that growth-inhibitory levels of CI-920 caused
      accumulation of cells in the G2+M region. Higher drug concentrations caused an S
      phase block. CI-920 is an inhibitor and irreversible inactivator of reduced
      folate membrane transport, and appears to enter cells by this receptor. L1210
      cells selected for resistance to CI-920 are cross-resistant to methotrexate, and
      deficient in reduced folate transport.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3840950
TI  - Effects of nitrogen mustard on potassium transport systems and membrane structure
      of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
AB  - By Ehrlich ascites tumor cells 86Rb+ has been shown to be a suitable tracer for
      K+-transport. Sixty percent of the total 86Rb-uptake into these cells is ouabain
      inhibitable, 30% is sensitive to furosemide and 10% enters the cells by ouabain
      and furosemide-insensitive systems. N-Mustard inhibits both the ouabain-sensitive
      and the furosemide-inhibitable systems. The uptake which is resistant to both
      inhibitors is not affected by the alkylating drug. At N-mustard concentrations
      below 10 microM, the reduction of the Rb-uptake is predominantly due to the
      inhibition of the furosemide-sensitive transport. Higher concentrations are
      required before a significant inhibition of the ouabain-sensitive transport can
      be observed. The dose response curve of the furosemide-sensitive transport--not,
      however, of the ouabain inhibitable pump--corresponds to the dose response curve
      for the antiproliferative activity of N-mustard. The recovery of the furosemide
      sensitive transport after a single exposure to N-mustard is relatively slow and-
      in contrast to the repair of DNA cross-links--is characterized by an initial 4-hr
      lag period. Furosemide alone does not interfere with cell multiplication. The
      inhibition of the transport system alone does, therefore, not explain the
      antitumor activity of N-mustard. The effect is discussed as a marker for membrane
      lesions after exposure to alkylating agents. In order to investigate the
      influence of N-mustard on membrane structure, membranes were labelled with
      diiodofluoresceiniodoacetamide. Anisotropy curves obtained from time-dependent
      depolarization of delayed fluorescence indicated a mustard induced immobilization
      of membrane constituents. Lateral diffusion of lipophilic probes was determined
      by following the quenching of fluorescence of pyrene by cetylpyridinium. The
      latter studies yielded no evidence for a change in membrane lipid fluidity. The
      data are interpreted as the results of cross-links of membrane proteins by the
      bifunctional alkylating agent.

PMID- 3840951
TI  - Reproducibility of left ventricular area and volume measurements using a computer
      endocardial edge-detection algorithm in normal subjects.
AB  - The variability of serially recorded 2-dimensional echocardiograms in normal
      subjects was determined. During a 2-week period, 10 normal subjects underwent
      echocardiography 5 times, in 2 laboratories, with use of different
      ultrasonographs. The video recordings were analyzed using a computer image
      analysis system (Quantic 1200) to provide standardized left ventricular short
      axis areas and area ejection fraction (EF). Left ventricular volumes and volume
      EF were calculated. The 95% confidence limits of the percent difference for end
      diastolic area and volume between 2 samples in a given subject were +/- 16.8 and
      +/- 16.7%, respectively. The limits for end-systolic area and volume were +/-
      15.8 and +/- 17.0%, respectively. The 95% confidence limits for differences of
      area and volume EF between 2 recordings were +/- 12.8 and +/- 9.7%, respectively.
      No correlation was found between clinical grade (image quality) and the
      variability of area measurements. A good correlation (r = 0.98) was found between
      area and volume EF for any given subject over the 5 observations. These
      confidence limits are narrower than those previously recorded.

PMID- 3840952
TI  - Inner acrosomal membrane of mammalian spermatozoa: its properties and possible
      functions in fertilization.
AB  - The inner acrosomal membrane (IAM) develops during the spermatid stage of
      differentiation as that portion of the Golgi-derived acrosome granule that
      tightly associates with the condensing sperm nucleus. In some mammalian species,
      an electron-dense proteinaceous material accumulates between the IAM and the
      nuclear envelope, collectively comprising the "perforatorium." Evidence,
      including its partial purification and its structural resistance to detergents
      and sonication, suggests that the IAM is an unusually resiliant membrane. Dense
      paracrystalline arrays of intramembranous particles, a lack of lectin-mediated
      receptor modulation, and its lack of participation in sperm-egg fusion suggest
      that the IAM lacks the same degree of fluidity as the egg surface plasmalemma.
      Observations using monoclonal antibodies, however, suggest that some specific
      antigenic modulations may be possible within the IAM. Its structural rigidity is
      of obvious mechanical value during sperm penetration through the zone pellucida.
      An additional role as a scaffold for putative zona lysin material remains
      controversial. Biochemical evidence suggests that acrosin, for example, is not
      entirely soluble and that some remains sperm-associated, depending on the
      conditions of acrosome disruption. Nevertheless, morphological studies do not
      agree on acrosin's specific localization to the IAM. Currently there is only very
      limited information concerning the localization of the other acrosomal enzymes to
      the IAM. Another possible role for the IAM in some species may be in recognizing
      the zona pellucida. Evidence for this derives from the observation that fucoidin,
      a fucose heteropolysaccharide, inhibits guinea pig sperm-zona binding, and bound
      fucoidin can be localized to the IAM and equatorial regions of the living
      acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. Finally, the IAM may have a role in early
      recognition/adhesion with the colemma.

PMID- 3840953
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and membranous nephropathy in mixed connective tissue
      disease.
AB  - A 60-year-old woman with a diagnosis of poorly differentiated lymphocytic
      lymphoma presented with nephrotic syndrome. Her clinical picture and serological
      studies were consistent with the diagnosis of mixed connective tissue disease
      (MCTD). Renal biopsy demonstrated the changes of membranous nephropathy by light,
      immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Treatment with corticosteroids and
      cyclophosphamide had no effect on the proteinuria, and she demonstrated
      progression of renal failure. This patient demonstrates that the lymphadenopathy
      associated with MCTD may be of a separate malignant origin. The treatment of MCTD
      may not alter the course of renal disease, and renal failure may ensue in
      patients with MCTD.

PMID- 3840954
TI  - Total ossicular replacement with a porous ultra-high molecular weight prosthesis.
AB  - A short review of techniques and materials in treating totally disabled ears is
      presented. Basic principles to be observed in dealing with these problems are
      discussed and personal experiences with the Plastipore total prosthesis are
      given. Forty-six cases are reviewed with comments on the functional results
      achieved. Under certain circumstances (no inflammation, tympanic drum in place,
      and good tubal function) the use of the Polycel total prosthesis is highly
      recommended.

PMID- 3840955
TI  - Extrarenal handling of phosphate: effect of thyroparathyroidectomy, 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol, and dietary calcium.
AB  - It is known that 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] mobilizes inorganic
      phosphate (Pi) from gut and bone, thus increasing the entry of Pi into the
      extracellular space (ECS). In this work, we have investigated whether 1,25(OH)2D3
      could also facilitate the net exit of Pi out of this pool into certain soft
      tissue and/or bone compartments in thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats. Sham
      operated, TPTX, and TPTX rats treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 (26 pmol/day ip for 1 wk)
      were infused with a known amount of Pi over a given time. The amount of Pi
      excreted in the urine in excess of base-line values and the rise of the
      phosphatemia ([Pi]p) were measured. The difference between these two parameters
      corresponded to the net retention of infused Pi in the whole animal (RAPi) for a
      given rise in [Pi]p. The results show that RAPi was markedly diminished in TPTX
      as compared with sham-operated animals. This decrease could be corrected by
      1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Chronic reduction in the level of calcemia in TPTX
      1,25(OH)2D3-supplemented rats as induced by decreasing dietary Ca intake also
      diminished RAPi. These effects could not be ascribed to the known actions of the
      experimental maneuvers on the renal excretion of Pi. Since infusions were chosen
      to obtain similar rises in [Pi]p and started from same levels of [Pi]p in animals
      of the same weight, the differences in RAPi were not due to variation of Pi
      retention in the ECS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3840956
TI  - [Software for anesthesia-intensive care].

PMID- 3840957
TI  - [Survey of the role of computerization in departments of anesthesia-intensive
      care].

PMID- 3840958
TI  - [Computerization of an anesthesia-intensive care unit in urology. Apropos of a
      recent experience].

PMID- 3840959
TI  - A computer program to prepare and answer multiple choice questions.
AB  - A computer program to develop files of multiple choice questions for examination
      and teaching purposes is described. The program enables an examiner to prepare
      and modify up to 50 short answer questions with either a single or multiple
      correct answer format, and allows one to review the students answers individually
      or collectively, updating the item discrimination and difficulty indices each
      time a student performs the test. It also provides the option of answering the
      question file with or without review of the correct answer and reference.

PMID- 3840960
TI  - Determination of 5-aminolevulinic acid in biological samples by high-performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), the common precursor of all naturally occurring
      tetrapyrroles, forms a stable condensation product with 2-amino-3
      hydroxynaphthalene which can be identified by its fluorescence. Separation of the
      compound by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on RPC-18
      columns allows its detection down to the picomolar range and can be successfully
      applied for ALA analysis in small biological samples. The reaction product of ALA
      with 2-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene has been synthesized and characterized.

PMID- 3840961
TI  - Teratogenic effects of the organophosphate insecticide dicrotophos (Bidrin):
      histological characterization of defects.
AB  - White Leghorn chicken eggs, specific pathogen free, were treated with the
      organophosphate insecticide dicrotophos and the early defects thus induced were
      characterized histologically. Eggs were incubated for 24, 48, 72, or 96 hr,
      injected with doses of dicrotophos ranging from 250 micrograms to 2.0 mg per egg,
      and observed after an additional 48 hr of incubation. Treated embryos displayed
      general developmental retardation as well as unilateral retardation of the
      cranial sense organs, the youngest embryos being most severely affected. Many
      embryos injected with insecticide at 24 hr, and all but one injected at 48 or 72
      hr, displayed notochordal folding, usually restricted to the cervical region;
      most of these also showed deformities of the adjacent spinal cord. Other defects,
      seen on a less consistent basis, included branching of the neural canal in the
      lumbar region, bifurcation of the neural epiphysis, deformation of the lens
      vesicle, and distention of the major blood vessels. The incidence and severity of
      epiphyseal, lens, and vascular defects were greatest among embryos treated at 24
      hr, whereas notochordal and both types of neural defects were greatest among
      those treated at 48 hr. The incidence and severity of the abnormalities
      diminished with increasing age such that by 96 hr the only defect noted was a
      weak notochordal folding in one embryo. To a lesser extent, incidence and
      severity were dose-related also. Histological similarities between embryos
      displaying vascular distention and recently dead treated embryos suggested that
      this abnormality is a precursor to death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3840962
TI  - Experience with an elemental diet (Vivonex).
AB  - Six patients with intractable atopic dermatitis completed this study which
      consisted of a baseline week, 1 to 2 weeks on an elemental diet, then sequential
      specific food additions. Symptom/sign scores, total eosinophil counts, and IgE
      and IgG4 radioimmunoassays for wheat alpha-gliadin, bovine serum albumin, beta
      lactoglobulin, and egg white were carried out as part of the protocol.
      Symptom/sign scores improved in five of six patients, some dramatically. Total
      eosinophil counts generally dropped after a week on the elemental diet and then
      increased as foods were added to the diet. The elemental diet used (Vivonex)
      appears to be beneficial in the management of at least some adult patients who
      have severe atopic dermatitis.

PMID- 3840963
TI  - [Modeling and BASIC program for the kinetics of inhalation anesthetic agents].
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of inhaled anaesthetics has been well described by Eger's
      model using a monoalveolar lung with continuous alveolar ventilation and four
      extrapulmonary compartments defined by their blood supply and anaesthetic
      solubility. The model is presented with its equations. A Basic microcomputer
      programme is proposed for this model: expected concentrations of anaesthetic in
      various conditions of administration, ventilation or cardiac output are shown,
      such as the uptake and distribution of nitrous oxide during anaesthesia.
      Different inhaled anaesthetics were compared for induction and recovery times in
      standardized conditions of administration.

PMID- 3840964
TI  - [Respiratory depression after intrathecal injection of morphine: value of in situ
      naloxone].
AB  - A case of delayed respiratory depression following an intrathecal injection of
      hyperbaric morphine hydrochloride is reported. This injection was made during a
      lumbar myelography in a 60 year old patient suffering from metastatic epiduritis
      unrelieved by oral or parenteral drugs. The differences in densities between the
      CSF, hyperbaric opiate solution and contrast medium explain the migration of the
      morphine hydrochloride from the lumbar thecal space to the basal cisternae,
      giving a fall in the responsiveness to CO2 of the brain stem respiratory centres.
      Parenteral naloxone did not reverse this ventilatory depression. Only the myosis
      and the analgesia disappeared. After 16 h of various attempts of reversal by
      parenteral injections, an intrathecal injection of naloxone was tried. This small
      dose (0.1 mg), given intrathecally, resulted in a prompt return to normal of
      respiratory function.

PMID- 3840966
TI  - Evaluation of computer hardware.

PMID- 3840965
TI  - Anthelmintic activity of ivermectin against immature gastrointestinal nematodes
      of sheep.
AB  - Twenty-four lambs of mixed breeding with mixed experimental infections of
      Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus axei, and T
      colubriformis were allotted to 4 groups. One group (control) was given the
      vehicle propylene glycol, and the others were given 100, 200, or 300 micrograms
      of ivermectin/kg of body weight by mouth. Twelve days after treatment, the sheep
      were necropsied. The compound was greater than 99% effective against immature
      stages of 4 nematode species at all dosages, except at the 100 micrograms/kg
      dosage, where efficacy was 96% against H contortus.

PMID- 3840967
TI  - [High perinatal mortality in the Nord/Pas-de-Calais region: tentative
      interpretation].

PMID- 3840968
TI  - [Filing in a radiology department: value of a microcomputer].

PMID- 3840969
TI  - Tamoxifen and ovarian differentiation in birds.

PMID- 3840970
TI  - Initiation of production of anti-mullerian hormone by the fetal gonad.

PMID- 3840971
TI  - Amniotic bands in connective tissue disorders.
AB  - Amniotic bands are described in two children with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV
      and in one with severe osteogenesis imperfecta. Since the basic defect in both of
      these disorders rests in collagen, which constitutes the main component of the
      load bearing amnion, it is proposed that these cases provide further insight into
      the pathogenesis of amniotic bands.

PMID- 3840972
TI  - Marfan's syndrome presenting as an intrapartum death.
AB  - A rare case of Marfan's syndrome presenting as an intrapartum death is described.
      Recognisable mitral valve lesions were present.

PMID- 3840974
TI  - Thyrotoxic silent thyroiditis: a geographic puzzle.

PMID- 3840973
TI  - [Risk of infection in untimely rupture of fetal membranes].

PMID- 3840975
TI  - Frequency of silent thyroiditis.

PMID- 3840976
TI  - [Lactobezoar in an infant].
AB  - The authors report a new case of lactobezoar in a 45 day-old infant. Vomiting was
      the presenting sign. The diagnosis was made using radiologic examination of the
      gastro-intestinal tract. Medical treatment (digestive rest and parenteral
      rehydration) resulted in a favourable outcome. The factors favouring such a
      situation and its management are analysed.

PMID- 3840977
TI  - Absence of delta antigen in a series of needle biopsies of chronic active
      hepatitis.

PMID- 3840978
TI  - Electron microscopy continued.

PMID- 3840979
TI  - Accuracy of creatinine results reported by participants in the CAP Chemistry
      Survey Program.
AB  - This report summarizes the creatinine data reported by over 6,000 participants in
      the 1982 to 1983 College of American Pathologists Chemistry Survey Program.
      Participants analyzed lyophilized serum samples on a quarterly basis. The most
      widely used methods employed the kinetic alkaline picrate reaction. Selected
      samples also were analyzed at the National Bureau of Standards using an isotope
      dilution-mass spectrometry definitive method. The participant mean results of
      each method principle group showed positive biases to the definitive values. The
      kinetic alkaline picrate and enzymatic method groups had the least biases to the
      definitive values. Excellent correlations between these two method groups and the
      definitive values were demonstrated. The consensus mean values of these two
      method groups would provide reliable target values for creatinine in survey
      samples. Interlaboratory precision improved significantly in each method group as
      the creatinine concentration increased.

PMID- 3840980
TI  - Malignant lymphoma with primary presentation in the spleen. A study of 20
      patients.
AB  - We describe 20 adult patients with malignant lymphoma with primary presentation
      in the spleen. The most common presenting symptoms were fever, malaise, and
      weight loss. Physical examination revealed prominent splenomegaly without
      palpable lymphadenopathy. Small lymphocytic lymphoma was the most frequent
      histologic type (11/20), followed by large cell lymphoma and mixed cell lymphoma
      (3/20 each). Bone marrow involvement was found in ten of 17 patients. At
      laparotomy, lymph node involvement, usually retroperitoneal, was found in six of
      13 patients. There was liver involvement in seven of 15 patients. Follow-up has
      been relatively short, with an average of 24 months (range, one to 48 months).
      Four patients died as a result of progressive disease, one died of sepsis after
      splenectomy, and one died two years after diagnosis of a stroke. The prognosis in
      primary splenic lymphoma appears to be similar to that in nodal lymphoma.

PMID- 3840981
TI  - Embryonic implantation in carcinoma of the endometrium.
AB  - We recently encountered a patient in whom placental implantation occurred
      directly in carcinoma of the endometrium. At the time of surgery for a presumed
      tubal pregnancy, the 33-year-old patient was discovered to have bilateral ovarian
      tumors that were histologically identical to the endometrial neoplasm.

PMID- 3840982
TI  - Hemorrhage in cardiac conduction tissue in premature infants.
AB  - Six premature infants had hemorrhages that were limited to cardiac conduction
      tissues. Obstetric complications occurred in each; four were growth retarded, and
      four had perinatal asphyxia. Two babies survived beyond one week. Four survived
      less than 24 hours. Bradyrhythmias occurred in four. Extracardiac lesions
      included infections and renal failure in two infants, hyaline membrane disease in
      one, hypoplastic lungs in two (one with renal agenesis and placental amnion
      nodosum), and placental villous edema in two. Cardiac hemorrhage occurred in
      sinoatrial nodes (n = 1), atrioventricular nodes (n = 3), atrioventricular
      bundles (n = 3), left bundle branches (n = 5), and right bundle branches (n = 3).
      The lesions were macroscopic in five cases. These cases suggest that neonatal
      cardiac conduction tissues are vulnerable to hemorrhage, particularly if
      associated with perinatal insults. Such lesions may account for some idiopathic
      dysrhythmias in surviving babies.

PMID- 3840983
TI  - Idiopathic hydronephrosis. Light microscopic features and pathogenesis.
AB  - A histological study of surgical specimens of idiopathic hydronephrosis
      demonstrated an abnormal muscle arrangement at the ureteropelvic junction in 18
      of 26 cases. We believe this abnormality to be the cause in these cases. At this
      junction, the muscle bundles, instead of displaying the normal interwoven
      (braided) pattern, are arranged into an outer circular and an inner longitudinal
      layer. This abnormal muscle arrangement can be attributed to local failure of the
      physiological uncoiling during growth and development.

PMID- 3840984
TI  - Computerized interactive morphometry. A study of malignant mesothelioma and
      mesothelial hyperplasia in pleural biopsy specimens.
AB  - A morphometric study of 11 pleural malignant mesotheliomas and 11 pleural
      reactive mesothelial proliferations is reported. Pleural biopsy specimens of
      these lesions were studied with a new system of video-based computerized
      interactive morphometry that allows the comparison of real-time images of nuclear
      profiles with computer-generated graphic standards for the purpose of estimating
      their diameters. Malignant mesotheliomas had nuclear profile diameters (NPDs)
      ranging from 4 to 14 micron and a mean NPD of 9.6 +/- 0.5 micron. Reactive
      mesothelial proliferations had NPDs ranging from 4 to 12 micron, but exhibited a
      significantly smaller mean NPD of 6.4 +/- 0.2 micron. The potential technical
      advantages of computerized interactive morphometry over other morphometric
      methods are discussed.

PMID- 3840985
TI  - The histopathologic spectrum in Mycobacterium marinum infection.
AB  - Review of nine culture-positive cases of Mycobacterium marinum infection revealed
      a broad range in the histopathologic features of lesions produced by this
      organism. Four synovial lesions and five cutaneous infections were observed. A
      range of inflammatory changes were seen in both synovial and skin lesions,
      varying from mostly acute inflammation with suppuration to a more chronic process
      with numerous, well-formed granulomas. Organisms were observed in the biopsy
      sections of only one of the nine cases. Therefore, culture of the biopsy tissue
      at 30 degrees C is crucial in establishing the diagnosis. These cases emphasize
      the importance of considering mycobacterial infection and performing cultures
      even when granulomatous changes in the synovium or skin are subtle.

PMID- 3840986
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the spleen due to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in an
      intravenous drug abuser.
AB  - A case of spontaneous rupture of the spleen is described in a 25-year-old woman
      with a history of intravenous drug abuse. At autopsy the spleen and the lymph
      nodes were soft, slightly enlarged, and markedly congested. They showed reactive
      follicular hyperplasia with increased cellularity and prominent vascularity of
      the red pulp and the interfollicular tissue. The postmortem serum was positive
      for antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III. Other serologic tests
      were negative, including heterophile antibody test, test for antibodies to
      Epstein-Barr virus, and toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 3840987
TI  - Rapid calcification of the bovine pericardial valve in adolescence. Critical
      aortic stenosis, hemolytic anemia, and quantitative renal hemosiderosis.
AB  - A 16-year-old boy developed marked calcific stenosis of an Ionescu-Shiley valve
      that was implanted in the aortic position 42 months before his sudden death.
      Renal hemosiderosis caused by intravascular hemolysis was quantitated by atomic
      absorption spectrophotometry. The accelerated calcification of the bovine
      pericardial valve in our patient supports the view that, in general, xenografts
      should not be used in adolescents. Frequent follow-up evaluations are imperative
      in young patients who receive these valves to avoid the irrevocable progression
      of valvular stenosis and hemolytic anemia.

PMID- 3840988
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix subsequent to amebiasis.
AB  - We studied the development of a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of
      the uterine cervix five years after cervical infection with Entamoeba histolytica
      by documenting the findings of specimens obtained by repeated biopsies in a 69
      year-old woman. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a malignant
      neoplasm of the uterine cervix subsequent to amebiasis. Amebiasis superimposed on
      malignant neoplasms of the female genital tract has been reported before. We
      raise the question of a possible causal relationship between amebiasis and
      subsequent squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix.

PMID- 3840989
TI  - Cholesterol granulomas in lymph nodes draining a benign ovarian neoplasm.
AB  - A 69-year-old woman underwent a hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
      for a 20-cm right ovarian tumor. Multiple peritoneal and lymph node biopsy
      specimens were obtained to determine the clinical stage. Despite the surgeon's
      concern of malignancy, pathologic examination demonstrated a benign mucinous
      cystadenoma. Periaortic and external iliac lymph nodes showed an unusual
      granulomatous reaction, with multinucleated giant cells surrounding cholesterol
      like clefts. Analysis of cyst fluid from the ovarian tumor revealed high
      concentrations of protein and lipid; the lipid component was predominantly free
      cholesterol (0.61 mumole/mL) and phospholipid (0.225 mumole/mL). We speculate
      that fluid from the ovarian neoplasm drained into regional lymph nodes, causing
      this unusual granulomatous response.

PMID- 3840990
TI  - [CNS pathology in hereditary syndromes of congenital developmental defects].
AB  - Analysis of the incidence and diagnostic importance of the congenital central
      nervous system (CNS) defects in 334 children with multiple congenital
      developmental defects (MCDD) dying under 1 year allowed the author to distinguish
      4 groups of defects according to their informative value for establishing the
      nosological diagnosis: defects of a high, moderate, small informative value and
      noninformative ones. Special microscopic study of the CNS performed in 116
      stillborns and children of the first year of life with various MCDD showed the
      disturbance of main morphogenetic processes (mitotic cell activity, cell
      migration, differentiation and maturation) as a basis of the observed
      pathological conditions. General rules of the CNS developmental defects in
      chromosomal and non-chromosomal syndromes may point to the common routes of the
      genetic material realization.

PMID- 3840991
TI  - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of thymomegaly].
AB  - 48 autopsy cases of thymomegaly in children up to 14 years and in adults from 18
      to 55 years are studied. The patients died either from the acute or chronic
      infectious diseases resistant to the therapy or suddenly during or several hours
      after the diagnostic manipulations, small surgical interventions. Analysis of
      clinical data and morphological immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies
      of the thymus and organs of the immune and endocrine system showed the
      thymomegaly in the majority of cases to be a local manifestation of the endocrine
      immune deficiency syndrome. Primary (congenital) and secondary (acquired)
      thymomegaly are to be distinguished. A primary thymomegaly occurs in children and
      adults having congenital pluriglandular endocrinopathy with hypocortisism as well
      as an adrenal hypo- or aplasia with an antigenic stimulation. A secondary
      thymomegaly occurs in children of the first year of life and reflects the first
      phase of the thymic response in the activation of the immune T-system
      predominantly prolonged due to the immature state of the hypothalamico
      hypophyseal-adrenal system. In the adults secondary thymomegaly occurs in cases
      of the acquired endocrinopathy with hypocortisism.

PMID- 3840992
TI  - Risk of basilar membrane perforation by intracochlear electrodes.
AB  - Insertion of intracochlear electrodes may damage the basilar membrane, the stria
      vascularis and adjacent structures. When electrodes were placed in human temporal
      bone specimens, perforations were shown to be independent of the type of implant
      used, the depth of insertion or the use of a lubricating agent. Helical electrode
      reinforcements and failure to enlarge the round window frame increase the risk of
      damage. Perforations are invariably localized at a distance of about 7-14 mm from
      the round window and occur at the site where the curvature of the basal turn is
      greatest.

PMID- 3840993
TI  - Early history of bovine brucellosis eradication in Australia.
AB  - The first Australian bovine brucellosis eradication campaign on a state-wide
      basis was initiated and established in Tasmania. The procedures involved in
      drawing up a suitable scheme together with a summary of the difficulties
      encountered in setting up and operating the scheme are described, leading to the
      successful eradication of brucellosis from Tasmania. Our observations that milk
      was not a major factor in the transmission of brucellosis infection from cattle
      to man are recorded. Recognition is accorded to veterinarians, some eminent in
      the profession, who, in the absence of Australian research into the disease, gave
      freely of their advice in helping to pioneer the eradication program. Within one
      year of commencing the scheme 4 herds had been accredited; by 3 years 85 herds
      had been accredited.

PMID- 3840994
TI  - The efficacy of ivermectin against larvae of the screw-worm fly (Chrysomya
      bezziana).
AB  - An in vitro technique for screening systemic insecticides against larvae of the
      screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana is described. Susceptibilities of screw-worm
      larvae of different ages to ivermectin (MK-933) were determined. Based on 24 h
      larval mortality, the LD50 of 1-,2-,3-,4- and 5-day larvae was 0.01, 0.02, 0.03,
      0.2 and 0.4 ppm of ivermectin. LD50 based on adult emergence following treatment
      of 4- and 5-day larvae was 0.02 and 0.05 ppm. The LD99.9 for 4-day larvae based
      on 24 h larval mortality and adult emergence was 11.0 and 0.15 ppm respectively
      and for 5-day larvae, was 44.3 and 0.4 ppm respectively. Pen and field trials
      with cattle infested with screw-worm fly demonstrated the potential of ivermectin
      as a systemic insecticide. Dosages of 50, 100 and 200 micrograms/kg, of
      ivermectin administered subcutaneously to experimentally infested cattle gave
      complete control for 6, 12 and 14 days respectively. Ivermectin at 200
      micrograms/kg caused 100% mortality of screw-worm larvae up to 2 days old at the
      time of treatment with 70, 64 and 21% mortality of 3-, 4- and 5-day old larvae at
      the time of treatment. The residual protection from a single dose of 200
      micrograms/kg was 16 to 20 days. When bull calves were treated with ivermectin at
      a dose of 200 micrograms/kg at the time of castration and branding, none of the
      77 treated animals sustained a screw-worm strike in the scrotal area compared
      with 47 strikes (44%) in the 106 control cattle.

PMID- 3840995
TI  - Subcutaneous filariasis (Pelecitus sp.) in a yellow-collared macaw (Ara
      auricollis).
AB  - Clinical manifestations of subcutaneous filariasis in a yellow-collared macaw
      (Ara auricollis) included lameness induced by subcutaneous nodule formation,
      which was attributed to the presence of the filarial parasite Pelecitus sp.
      Following anthelmintic and corticosteroid therapeutic failure, the problem was
      resolved by surgically removing the adult worms.

PMID- 3840996
TI  - The influence of season on sow weaning to estrus interval and subsequent
      reproductive performance following estrus synchronization by batch weaning.
AB  - In 45 indigenous Nigerian sows, which had been synchronized in their estrous
      cycle by batch weaning, the interval was investigated from weaning to estrus in
      the rainy and dry seasons. It was found to be 3 1/2 days in each season. The heat
      was short, especially the standing estrus, which will have to be investigated
      further. There was no seasonal difference in the number of piglets weaned per
      sow. In the dry season, sows farrowing lost more weight from birth to weaning
      than in the rainy season. Sows farrowing into the rainy season delivered more
      piglets.

PMID- 3840997
TI  - Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity of pig heart pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1
      component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex).
AB  - The pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) and acetyltransferase (E2) components of pig
      heart and ox kidney pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex were separated and
      purified. The E1 component was phosphorylated (alpha-chain) and inactivated by
      MgATP. Phosphorylation was mainly confined to site 1. Addition of E2 accelerated
      phosphorylation of all three sites in E1 alpha and inactivation of E1. On the
      basis of histone H1 phosphorylation, E2 is presumed to contain PDH kinase, which
      was removed (greater than 98%) by treatment with p
      hydroxymercuriphenylsulphonate. Stimulation of ATP-dependent inactivation of E1
      by E2 was independent of histone H1 kinase activity of E2. The effect of E2 is
      attributed to conformational change(s) induced in E1 and/or E1-associated PDH
      kinase. PDH kinase activity associated with E1 could not be separated from it be
      gel filtration or DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Subunits of PDH kinase were not
      detected on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels of E1 or E2, presumably
      because of low concentration. The activity of pig heart PDH complex was increased
      by E2, but not by E1, indicating that E2 is rate-limiting in the holocomplex
      reaction. ATP-dependent inactivation of PDH complex was accelerated by E1 or by
      phosphorylated E1 plus associated PDH kinase, but not by E2 plus presumed PDH
      kinase. It is suggested that a substantial proportion of PDH kinase may accompany
      E1 when PDH complex is dissociated into its component enzymes. The possibility
      that E1 may possess intrinsic PDH kinase activity is considered unlikely, but may
      not have been fully excluded.

PMID- 3840998
TI  - Phosphorylation of bovine cardiac C-protein by protein kinase C.
AB  - C-protein, a thick filament-associated protein, has been isolated from bovine
      myocardium and found to be a substrate in vitro of the Ca2+- and phospholipid
      dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Incorporation of approximately 1.6
      mol Pi/mol C-protein was observed. This phosphorylation was dependent on both
      Ca2+ and a phospholipid (L-alpha-phosphatidyl-L-serine was used). Phosphate
      incorporation specifically into C-protein was verified by SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and autoradiography and was almost exclusively into serine
      residues (86.9%), with only a small amount of phosphothreonine (13.1%) and no
      phosphotyrosine being detected. Two-dimensional thin-layer electrophoresis of a
      chymotryptic digest of phosphorylated C-protein indicated site specificity of
      phosphorylation. Cardiac C-protein is known to be a substrate of cAMP-dependent
      protein kinase both in vitro and in vivo (Jeacocke, S.A. and England, P.J. (1980)
      FEBS Lett. 122, 129-132). Isolated bovine cardiac C-protein was rapidly
      phosphorylated, to the extent of 5 mol/mol, by the purified catalytic subunit of
      cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Phosphorylation catalyzed by these two protein
      kinases was not additive, suggesting that the sites phosphorylated by protein
      kinase C are also phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Chicken
      cardiac muscle has also been shown to contain a Ca2+, calmodulin-dependent
      protein kinase which phosphorylates C-protein (Hartzell, H.C. and Glass, D.B.
      (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 15587-15596). The physiological role of cardiac C
      protein may therefore be subject to regulation by multiple protein kinases.

PMID- 3840999
TI  - Co-release of neuropeptide Y and catecholamines during physical exercise in man.
AB  - Venous plasma levels of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (with
      chromatographic properties of synthetic neuropeptide Y) increased in parallel
      with catecholamines, heart rate and blood pressure during graded physical
      exercise in man. The plasma levels of neuropeptide Y correlated better with the
      levels of noradrenaline than adrenaline, suggesting release of a neural origin.
      Taken together with previous results, this suggests that neuropeptide Y is
      released together with noradrenaline upon sympathetic activation during
      physiological conditions in man. Determinations of plasma neuropeptide Y may
      therefore be valuable in the assessment of sympathetic nerve activity.

PMID- 3841000
TI  - Hydralazine: a potent inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase activity in vitro and in
      vivo.
AB  - The interaction of the vasodilator, hydralazine, with the molybdenum
      hydroxylases, aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase has been investigated. A
      potent progressive inhibition of rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase, in the presence
      of substrate, by low concentrations of hydralazine (0.1-1 microM) was observed in
      vitro but no effect was seen with bovine milk xanthine oxidase. This activity was
      mirrored in vivo when levels of aldehyde oxidase were significantly decreased in
      rabbits administered hydralazine (10 mg/kg/day for seven days) whereas hepatic
      xanthine oxidase activity was unaltered by hydralazine treatment. Various
      metabolites of hydralazine were synthesized but found to be devoid of in vitro
      inhibitory activity. Aldehyde oxidase prepared from either guinea pig or baboon
      liver was inhibited in a similar way to that of rabbit liver.

PMID- 3841001
TI  - Variation in susceptibility to atherosclerosis among inbred strains of mice.
AB  - Ten inbred strains of mice were fed an atherogenic diet containing 1.25%
      cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid and 15% fat. The strains were examined for plasma
      cholesterol and triglyceride levels and for formation of lipid-containing lesions
      in the aortic wall. The strains differed considerably in the frequency of lesion
      formation after 14 weeks on the atherogenic diet with a range of 0-1.8
      lesions/mouse. The order of susceptibility to lesion formation from the least
      susceptible to the most susceptible was BALB/cJ, C3H/J, A/J, SWR/J, NZB/J, less
      than 129/J, AKR/J, DBA/2J, less than C57L/J less than C57BL/6J. Total plasma
      cholesterol after 5 weeks on the diet varied from 131 mg/dl to 328 mg/dl among
      strains; however, there was little correlation between total cholesterol levels
      and susceptibility to lesion formation (r = 0.29). Plasma triglycerides after 5
      weeks on the diet varied less than cholesterol with a range of 137-220 mg/dl. An
      analysis of the genetic differences among inbred strains of mice might provide
      useful insights into lipid metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3841002
TI  - A quantitative study on in vitro osteoclast differentiation: effect of
      parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH)2D3.

PMID- 3841003
TI  - Laser therapy for glaucoma.
AB  - Three laser techniques for the treatment of glaucoma are described. The short
      burn technique of argon laser iridotomy permitted perforation of the peripheral
      iris in one session without serious complications, thereby alleviating pupillary
      block in angle-closure glaucoma. The rates of successful intraocular pressure
      (IOP) control and visual acuity loss due to cataract progression were similar in
      laser iridotomy and surgical iridectomy. The tonographic outflow facility
      remained unchanged after argon laser iridotomy. Techniques of argon laser
      trabeculoplasty (ALT) to the anterior and posterior aspects of the trabecular
      band were evaluated. The anterior ALT gave fewer complications, but a lower IOP
      control rate than the posterior ALT. Posterior ALT over 180 degrees with about 50
      burns gave fewer complications than treatment over 360 degrees with about 100
      burns, yet the final effects in IOP control were better after the 180 degrees
      than after the 360 degrees treatment. Nd-YAG laser irradiation can separate
      dysgenetic iris insertion from the trabecular band in developmental glaucoma
      without serious complications. This Nd-YAG laser goniotomy may be useful for the
      treatment of juvenile primary developmental glaucoma.

PMID- 3841004
TI  - [The effects of intrathecally administered human lymphoblastoid interferon on
      subacute sclerosing panencephalitis].

PMID- 3841005
TI  - Studies on the pharmacological control of gastric emptying in man.
AB  - Three compounds with differing pharmacological properties have been studied with
      respect to their effects on gastric emptying, BP, pulse rate and sedation in
      comparison with placebo in three groups of normal male volunteers. BRL 20627 (10
      mg i.v.), a benzamide without dopamine antagonist activity, increased gastric
      emptying rate (t0.5 BRL 20627 8.3 +/- 0.87 min, placebo 13.8 +/- 2.29 min, P less
      than 0.005). Zetidoline (20 mg orally), a dopamine D2-receptor antagonist had no
      significant effect on gastric emptying parameters. BK 34/530 (50 and 100 mg
      orally) a compound with mixed dopamine agonist and alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist
      activity, impaired gastric adaptive relaxation as measured by the volume 5 min
      after the drink and at the higher dose delayed gastric emptying (placebo--5 min
      volume 256 +/- 44.3 ml, t0.5 15.3 +/- 1.32 min: 50 mg BK 34/530-5 min volume 247
      +/- 38 ml, t0.5 14.2 +/- 1.94 min: 100 mg BK 34/530-5 min volume 228 +/- 43.7 ml,
      t0.5 21.1 +/- 3.82 min). All three drugs resulted in small but significant falls
      in blood pressure, and in the case of BK 34/530 the 100 mg dose caused
      significant tachycardia. These studies suggest that dopamine antagonist activity
      is not a prerequisite for 'gastrokinetic' effects in man, and that there is no
      inhibitory dopaminergic tone on gastric emptying in normal subjects.

PMID- 3841006
TI  - Multiple forms of the glucocorticoid receptor steroid binding protein identified
      by affinity labeling and high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis.
AB  - Potential charge heterogeneity within the glucocorticoid binding protein (GBP) of
      the glucocorticoid receptor was examined by a combination of affinity labeling,
      immunopurification, and high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis.
      One-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS
      PAGE) of [3H]dexamethasone 21-mesylate ([3H]DM) labeled cytosol identified a
      major, competable, component of Mr approximately equal to 92 000 (92K). This
      component was recognized by anti-human glucocorticoid receptor antibodies but not
      by nonimmune serum, indicating that the 92K component was the reduced denatured
      GBP. Examination of [3H]DM-labeled GBP by conventional 2D electrophoresis
      utilizing equilibrium isoelectric focusing in the first dimension failed to
      resolve the 92K GBP into discrete isoelectric components. This behavior was not
      representative of other, nonspecifically [3H]DM-labeled proteins or proteins in
      general. Nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (NEPHGE) was therefore
      employed to achieve separation in the first dimension. Immunopurified, [3H]DM
      labeled GBP subjected to NEPHGE reached isoelectric equilibrium after 6 h of
      electrophoresis at 400 V. A single, broad peak of radioactivity was identified at
      pH approximately equal to 6.3. Second-dimension analysis of the NEPHGE-separated
      GBP by SDS-PAGE resolved this peak into two discrete, 92K, isoforms of apparent
      pI = 5.7 and 6.0-6.5. The GBP charge heterogeneity was confirmed by NEPHGE 2D
      analysis of [3H]DM-labeled GBP prepared directly from crude cytosol. Two isoforms
      indistinguishable from those observed in immunopurified samples were identified.
      An additional, more acidic, isoform (apparent pI approximately equal to 5.2) was
      also identified. Thus, there are at least two, and perhaps three, isoforms of the
      GBP. These data therefore suggest that there is significant charge heterogeneity
      in the GBP of the glucocorticoid receptor.

PMID- 3841007
TI  - Transbilayer phosphatidylcholine distributions in small unilamellar sphingomyelin
      phosphatidylcholine vesicles: effect of altered polar head group.
AB  - The effect of the altered polar head group of phosphatidylcholine (PC) on its
      transbilayer distributions in small unilamellar vesicles containing sphingomyelin
      (SM) was ascertained with phospholipase A2 as the external membrane probe. These
      vesicles were formed by sonication and fractionated by centrifugation. The
      vesicle size was determined by gel-permeation chromatography and solute
      entrapment. Experiments were done to confirm that phospholipase A2 treatments did
      not induce fusion, lyse the vesicles, or cause PC to migrate across the vesicle
      bilayer. The complete degradation of external PC in intact vesicles was assured
      by carrying out the enzyme reactions in the absence as well as in the presence of
      9.2 X 10(-5) M bovine serum albumin. In small vesicles comprised of SM and 30 mol
      % 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), DPPC preferentially
      distributed in the inner monolayer. This preference of DPPC in these vesicles
      disappeared upon introducing one C2H5 group at the carbon atom adjacent to the
      quaternary ammonium residue in its polar head group and was reversed when the
      C2H5 group was replaced by C6H5 and C6H5CH2 substituents or when the P-N distance
      was increased. These results indicate that the effective polar head-group volume
      is an important factor in determining the phospholipid distributions across the
      small vesicle bilayer.

PMID- 3841008
TI  - Simultaneous modeling of phase and calorimetric behavior in an amphiphilic
      peptide/phospholipid model membrane.
AB  - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments have been performed on the
      amphiphilic peptide/1,2-bis(perdeuteriopalmitoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
      system for which partial phase diagrams have been measured by deuterium nuclear
      magnetic resonance. The solute concentration dependence of the transition
      enthalpy in such systems is often interpreted in terms of an annulus of lipid
      withdrawn, by the solvent, from participation in the transition while the bulk
      lipid melts with its fully enthalpy. This idea is equivalent to postulating ideal
      mixing between the lipid and the peptide/lipid complex, and there is little
      justification for such an assumption. Adaptation of regular solution theory to
      this system demonstrates that the peptide concentration dependence of the
      transition enthalpies can be incorporated into a thermodynamic model which
      reproduces the observed phase behavior fairly well without postulating that a
      complexing annulus of lipid around the peptide be withdrawn from participating in
      the chain-melting transition. The model parameters determined by simultaneous
      fitting of the phase behavior and transition enthalpies are used to simulate the
      DSC scan shapes. The asymmetry of the calorimetric scans for chi 2 less than or
      equal to 0.02 is reproduced by the model, but a broad component observed for
      higher concentration is not. In light of the results presented here, previous
      analyses of the calorimetric behavior of two-component systems in terms of
      symmetric transitions which do not account for the possible extent of a region of
      two-phase equilibrium must be questioned.

PMID- 3841009
TI  - Calcium-dependent and calcium-independent interactions of prothrombin fragment 1
      with phosphatidylglycerol/phosphatidylcholine unilamellar vesicles.
AB  - We have measured the phase behavior of mixed dipentadecanoylphosphatidylglycerol
      (DC15PG)/dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) small unilamellar vesicles (SUV)
      in the presence of saturating (greater than 98% occupancy of binding sites)
      concentrations of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 and 5 mM Ca2+. Binding of
      fragment 1 in the presence of Ca2+ was verified by an increase in 90 degrees
      light scattering. Only in the cases of DC15PG/DMPC SUV below their phase
      transition and of pure DMPC SUV were such light scattering measurements not
      reversible upon addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to complex Ca2+.
      Phase-behavior changes of DC15PG/DMPC SUV as monitored by diphenylhexatriene
      fluorescence anisotropy occurred in concert with the binding of fragment 1. The
      major effects of peptide binding on SUV phase behavior were to raise the phase
      transition temperature by 2-15 degrees C, depending on vesicle composition, and,
      in general, to make the phase diagram for these small vesicles closely resemble
      that of large vesicles. No evidence was obtained for the existence of lateral
      membrane domains with distinct compositions induced by the binding of prothrombin
      fragment 1 plus Ca2+. Surprisingly, fragment 1 without Ca2+ also altered the
      phase behavior of DC15PG/DMPC SUV. Most striking was the effect of fragment 1
      (with or without Ca2+) on DMPC SUV phase behavior. Freeze-fracture electron
      microscopy demonstrated that pure DMPC vesicles were induced to fuse in the
      presence of fragment 1, while vesicles containing DC15PG remained intact. The
      rate of DMPC SUV fusion (followed by 90 degrees light scattering) increased with
      increasing fragment 1 concentration but was not saturable up to 40 microM
      fragment 1, suggesting a weak, nonspecific interaction between fragment 1 and the
      neutral phospholipid vesicle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3841010
TI  - Infrared characterization of conformational differences in the lamellar phases of
      1,3-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-2-phosphocholine.
AB  - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the lamellar
      phases of 1,3-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-2-phosphocholine (1,3-DPPC), a positional
      isomer of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1,2-DPPC). The molecule
      exists in three distinct phases over the temperature interval 0-70 degrees C. In
      the low-temperature (LC) phase, the spectra are indicative of acyl chains packed
      in an orthorhombic subcell, while the carbonyl groups and phosphate ester at the
      head group show evidence of only partial hydration. The transition from the low
      temperature (LC) phase to the intermediate-temperature (L beta) phase at 25
      degrees C corresponds to a temperature-induced head-group hydration in which the
      hydration of the phosphate and carbonyl ester groups results in the
      reorganization of the hydrocarbon chain-packing subcell from orthorhombic to
      hexagonal. The transition from the intermediate (L beta) to the high-temperature
      (L alpha) phase at 37 degrees C is a gel-to-liquid-crystalline phase transition
      analogous to the 41.5 degrees C transition of 1,2-DPPC. The spectra of the acyl
      chain carbonyl groups show evidence of significant differences in molecular
      conformation at the carbonyl esters in the LC phase. In the L beta and L alpha
      phases, the carbonyl band contour becomes much more symmetric. However, two
      components are clearly present in the spectra indicating that the sn-1 and sn-3
      carbonyls experience slightly different environments. The observed differences
      are likely due to a preferred conformation of the phosphocholine group relative
      to the glycerol backbone. Indications from the infrared spectra of differences in
      the structure of the C = O groups provide a possible explanation for the
      selection of the sn-1 chain of 1,3-DPPC by phospholipase A2 on the basis of a
      preferred head group conformation.

PMID- 3841011
TI  - Relation between red cell anion exchange and urea transport.
AB  - The new distilbene compound, DCMBT (4,4'-dichloromercuric-2,2,2',2'-bistilbene
      tetrasulfonic acid) synthesized by Yoon et al. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 778 (1984)
      385-389) was used to study the relation between urea transport and anion exchange
      in human red cells. DCMBT, which combines properties of both the specific
      stilbene anion exchange inhibitor, DIDS, and the water and urea transport
      inhibitor, pCMBS, had previously been shown to inhibit anion transport almost
      completely and water transport partially. We now report that DCMBT also inhibits
      urea transport almost completely and that covalent DIDS treatment reverses the
      inhibition. These observations provide support for the view that a single protein
      or protein complex modulates the transport of water and urea and the exchange of
      anions through a common channel.

PMID- 3841012
TI  - Detection of specific proenzyme activators in snake venoms by a new
      immunoabsorbant-chromogenic substrate method.
AB  - In separate experiments, antibodies to plasminogen, factor X and protein C were
      applied to microtitre trays as commonly used in enzyme-linked immunoassays. After
      incubation with dilute normal human plasma as a source of the corresponding
      proenzyme antigen, the wells were exposed to dilutions of various snake venoms.
      After thorough washing, the microtitre tray wells were tested overnight with
      chromogenic tripeptide substrates known to be relatively specific for the
      activated forms of the above factors, i.e., plasmin, factor Xa and activated
      protein C. The immunochromometric assay described detected two new activators of
      protein C in Agkistrodon piscivorus and Agkistrodon contortrix venoms and a new
      factor X activator in Agkistrodon rhodostoma venom. Gel filtration of the latter
      venom indicated that the factor X activator eluted with high molecular weight,
      was clearly distinct from the peak fibrinogen clotting activity (Ancrod) and
      appeared to have no procoagulant activity. Although several Bothrops venoms
      appeared to contain plasminogen activator by this technique, the observed strong
      chromogenic activity was observed in microtitre wells independently of
      plasminogen and represented nonspecific amidase activity.

PMID- 3841013
TI  - Modeling the electrical behavior of anatomically complex neurons using a network
      analysis program: passive membrane.
AB  - We describe the application of a popular and widely available electrical circuit
      simulation program called SPICE to modeling the electrical behavior of neurons
      with passive membrane properties and arbitrarily complex dendritic trees.
      Transient responses may be calculated at any location in the cell model following
      current, voltage or conductance perturbations at any point. A numbering method is
      described for binary trees which is helpful in transforming complex dendritic
      structures into a coded list of short cylindrical dendritic segments suitable for
      input to SPICE. Individual segments are modeled as isopotential compartments
      comprised of a parallel resistor and capacitor, representing the transmembrane
      impedance, in series with one or two core resistors. Synaptic current is modeled
      by a current source controlled by the local membrane potential and an "alpha
      shaped" voltage, thus simulating a conductance change in series with a driving
      potential. Extensively branched test cell circuits were constructed which
      satisfied the equivalent cylinder constraints (Rall 1959). These model neurons
      were perturbed by independent current sources and by synaptic currents. Responses
      calculated by SPICE are compared with analytical results. With appropriately
      chosen model parameters, extremely accurate transient calculations may be
      obtained. Details of the SPICE circuit elements are presented, along with
      illustrative examples sufficient to allow implementation of passive nerve cell
      models on a number of common computers. Methods for modeling excitable membrane
      are presented in the companion paper (Bunow et al. 1985).

PMID- 3841014
TI  - Modeling the electrical behavior of anatomically complex neurons using a network
      analysis program: excitable membrane.
AB  - We present methods for using the general-purpose network analysis program, SPICE,
      to construct computer models of excitable membrane displaying Hodgkin-Huxley-like
      kinetics. The four non-linear partial differential equations of Hodgkin and
      Huxley (H-H; 1952) are implemented using electrical circuit elements. The H-H
      rate constants, alpha and beta, are approximated by polynomial functions rather
      than exponential functions, since the former are handled more efficiently by
      SPICE. The process of developing code to implement the H-H sodium conductance is
      described in detail. The Appendix contains a complete listing of the code
      required to simulate an H-H action potential. The behavior of models so
      constructed is validated by comparison with the space-clamped and propagating
      action potentials of Hodgkin and Huxley. SPICE models of multiply branched axons
      were tested and found to behave as predicted by previous numerical solutions for
      propagation in inhomogeneous axons. New results are presented for two cases.
      First, a detailed, anatomically based model is constructed of group Ia input to
      an alpha-motoneuron with an excitable soma, a myelinated axon and passive
      dendrites. Second, we simulate interactions among clusters of mixed excitable and
      passive dendritic spines on an idealized neuron. The methods presented in this
      paper and its companion (Segev et al. 1985) should permit neurobiologists to
      construct and explore models which simulate much more closely the real
      morphological and physiological characteristics of nerve cells.

PMID- 3841015
TI  - Pulsatile infusion of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone induces precocious
      puberty (vaginal opening and first ovulation) in the immature female guinea pig.
AB  - Previously we have hypothesized that an increase in luteinizing hormone-releasing
      hormone (LHRH) due to hypothalamic maturation is the key factor controlling the
      onset of puberty. This led to the working hypothesis that precocious puberty
      would be induced if LHRH is administered with an appropriate protocol. Thus,
      effects of pulsatile infusion of LHRH on the onset of first vaginal opening and
      first ovulation in immature female guinea pigs were studied. Luteinizing hormone
      releasing hormone in hourly pulses of either 5 ng or 50 ng was infused through a
      chronically implanted jugular catheter for 9-29 days starting at 20 days of age.
      For the control experiment saline was infused in a similar manner. Infusion of 5
      ng LHRH/h resulted in significantly earlier (P less than 0.001) ages at first
      vaginal opening (24.7 +/- 0.9 days) and at first ovulation (28.8 +/- 0.9 days)
      compared to saline controls (first vaginal opening 53.3 +/- 6.8 days; first
      ovulation 55.2 +/- 6.5 days). Infusion with a 10-fold higher LHRH dose (50 ng/h)
      also advanced the age at first vaginal opening (25.3 +/- 0.7 days), but
      precocious ovulation was no longer induced (53.7 +/- 5.3 days). Interestingly,
      LHRH infusion with the high dose resulted in a prolonged period of vaginal
      opening and cornification without ovulation. These results indicate that 1)
      pulsatile infusion of a small amount of LHRH with a constant frequency induces
      precocious puberty in a laboratory rodent, and 2) infusion of LHRH with a dose
      higher than the effective dose for the induction of early puberty results in a
      persistent estrous anovulatory syndrome. Therefore, the present study not only
      supports our hypothesis that an increase in endogenous LHRH release is
      responsible for the onset of puberty, but also further suggests that excessive
      release of LHRH or abnormal patterns of LHRH release may be involved in the
      etiology of the anovulatory persistent estrus syndrome.

PMID- 3841016
TI  - [Malignant lymphomas (primary and secondary) of the thyroid. Description of 9
      case reports and review of the literature].
AB  - Malignant lymphomas of the thyroid are rare and represent approximately 0.3 to
      8.9% of thyroid malignant neoplasms. We report 9 new cases; their clinical and
      histopathological features are discussed and compared with those of previously
      published series. Malignant lymphomas of the thyroid raise a number of issues:
      primary or secondary origin, histological typing (50% of cases are high grade
      lymphomas), differential diagnosis with either Hashimoto's chronic thyroiditis
      (often associated with thyroid lymphomas) or genuine anaplastic carcinoma of the
      thyroid. Routine histological study can be complemented by immunohistochemistry.

PMID- 3841017
TI  - Masculinization of female mosquitofish by exposure to plant sterols and
      Mycobacterium smegmatis.

PMID- 3841018
TI  - Electron microscopic localization of N-terminal proenkephalin (synenkephalin)
      immunostaining in the guinea pig organ of Corti.
AB  - Using a pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopic technique, anti-synenkephalin
      immunostaining has been demonstrated within efferent varicosities (originating
      from the brainstem) of the inner spiral bundle and the tunnel spiral bundle of
      the organ of Corti. Axodendritic synapses were observed between the anti
      synenkephalin immunostained varicosities and auditory dendrites connected to
      inner hair cells. No anti-synenkephalin immunostaining was found in any efferents
      at the outer hair cell level. We suggest that this immunolocalization of
      synenkephalin in the organ of Corti allows a better differentiation of the
      cochlear efferent systems on a neurochemical basis. The whole lateral system, or
      at least a significant part of it, could be referred to as the 'enkephalin
      containing efferent system'.

PMID- 3841019
TI  - Unfocused laser illumination kills dye-targeted mouse neurons by selective
      photothermolysis.
AB  - Selective photothermolysis (SP) is a novel technique by which brief, unfocused
      laser pulses are selectively absorbed by, and cause selective thermal damage to,
      endogenously pigmented structures. The present experiments demonstrate the
      feasibility of using an exogenous non-fluorescent chromophore (procion blue) to
      effect cellular damage by SP. Dorsal root ganglia neurons in vitro were
      selectively labeled with procion blue and subsequently damaged by unfocused laser
      illumination. Progressive cellular damage was assessed by propidium iodide (PI),
      a fluorescent dye that leaks through damaged membranes and binds to nucleic
      acids. Graded scores of intracellular PI fluorescence demonstrated a highly
      significant difference in amount of damage between groups of experimental and
      control cells. Selective photothermolysis is discussed as an experimental tool
      for neurobiologists in particular and for general use within the biomedical
      field.

PMID- 3841020
TI  - Intracranial pressure mean arterial pressure and heart rate after rapid paralysis
      with atracurium in cats.
AB  - The effect of atracurium on intracranial pressure (ICP) was investigated in six
      cats with normal and increased ICP. The cats were anaesthetized with
      intraperitoneal pentobarbitone (33 mg . kg-1), acepromazine (0.6 mg . kg-1) and
      incremental fentanyl (p.r.n. approximately equal to 20 micrograms . kg-1),
      intubated, and ventilated with nitrous oxide in oxygen. Mean arterial pressure
      (MAP), heart rate (HR), twitch response and ICP were continuously recorded. After
      the effect of atracurium had been ascertained under the condition of normal ICP,
      and after full recovery of twitch response, pH-adjusted Ringer's lactate solution
      was infused into the cisterna magna until an ICP baseline of 26 +/- 2 mmHg was
      established and stabilized. Atracurium was then administered again to determine
      its effect under the condition of elevated ICP. Complete ablation of twitch
      response was obtained in 68 +/- 15 sec with 0.4 mg . kg-1 atracurium, and there
      was no significant change in ICP, MAP, HR or cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)
      whether initial ICP was normal or elevated.

PMID- 3841021
TI  - Clinical use of atracurium in myasthenia gravis: a case report.
AB  - A patient with myasthenia gravis was anaesthetized for thymectomy utilizing
      atracurium for maintenance of muscle relaxation. The patient was not taking
      anticholinesterase medications before surgery. Neuromuscular function was
      monitored by recording the train-of-four response to supramaximal stimulation of
      the ulnar nerve. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and maintained with
      isoflurane and N2O in oxygen. Following complete recovery from a succinylcholine
      block for intubation, the patient developed complete neuromuscular block within
      two minutes after atracurium (5 mg) was administered. Evidence of recovery
      commenced 12 minutes later and was complete at 72 minutes. This rate of recovery
      is consistent with the recovery rate from atracurium during isoflurane
      anaesthesia in normal patients. Atracurium appears to offer an advantage over
      other nondepolarizing muscle relaxants in patients with myasthenia gravis due to
      its shorter duration and less cumulative effect at the neuromuscular junction.

PMID- 3841022
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a cytolysin produced by Vibrio cholerae
      serogroup non-O1.
AB  - A thermolabile toxin (molecular weight, 52 711; isoelectric point, 8.65) produced
      by a clinical isolate of Vibrio cholerae serogroup non-O1 was cytotoxic for Y-1
      mouse adrenal cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells. The toxin lysed rabbit red
      blood cells and produced a hemorrhagic zone in rabbit skin. When injected
      intravenously into adult mice, the cytolysin was rapidly lethal and caused fluid
      accumulation in both 5- and 18-h rabbit ileal loops. Strains of V. cholerae that
      produced cytolysin but no cholerae enterotoxin were able to cause fluid
      accumulation in rabbit intestinal loops.

PMID- 3841023
TI  - Ammonium repression of cephalosporin production by Streptomyces clavuligerus.
AB  - Production of beta-lactam antibiotics took place during growth of Streptomyces
      clavulgerus in chemically defined medium. The specific activities of
      isopenicillin N synthetase ("cyclase"), isopenicillin N epimerase, and
      deacetoxycephalosporin C synthetase ("expandase") increased during the
      exponential phase of growth. Specific cephalosporin productivity during
      fermentation followed a similar pattern, reaching a maximum near the end of the
      growth phase and decaying rapidly in the stationary phase. Ammonium chloride
      depressed cephalosporin production, presumably as a result of repression of
      cyclase and expandase formation, but not of epimerase. No inhibitory effects on
      enzyme activity by ammonium were found. Addition of tribasic magnesium phosphate
      [Mg3(PO4)2 X 8H2O] prevented the repression of cyclase and markedly stimulated
      cephalosporin production. Cephamycin C and, in smaller amounts, O
      carbamoyldeacetylcephalosporin C were the only cephalosporins detected. Growth
      with ammonium resulted in lower titers of both compounds, and did not change the
      relative proportion of each. The correlation found between cephalosporin
      productivity and cyclase specific activity in different media suggests that
      formation of this enzyme may be the rate-limiting step in the pathway.

PMID- 3841024
TI  - Enhancement of the antitumor efficacy of lomustine by the radiosensitizer RSU
      1069.
AB  - Previous investigations have shown that combining the radiation sensitizer
      misonidazole with conventional alkylating chemotherapeutic agents can lead to a
      therapeutic advantage. More recently, another sensitizer, RSU 1069, has been
      reported to give an enhancement of antitumor agent efficacy similar to that
      observed with misonidazole, but at an approximately tenfold lower sensitizer
      dose. One chemotherapeutic agent whose activity has been modified by sensitizers
      to a greater extent in tumors than in critical normal tissues is the nitrosourea
      lomustine (CCNU). The present studies evaluated the therapeutic benefit of
      combining RSU 1069 and CCNU in KHT sarcoma-bearing C3H/HeJ mice. The drugs were
      administered ip, and tumor response was assessed by measuring the survival of
      clonogenic KHT cells 22-24 hours after treatment. Normal tissue toxicity was
      determined using peripheral wbc counts 3 days after treatment and a 30-day
      lethality assay. Combining CCNU with a 0.38-mmol/kg dose of RSU 1069 increased
      tumor cell killing by a factor of approximately 1.9. Wbc toxicity and 30-day
      animal lethality increased with CCNU dose, but the addition of RSU 1069 enhanced
      either endpoint only slightly (factor of 1.0-1.2). The addition of RSU 1069 to
      CCNU treatment, therefore, led to a significant therapeutic benefit.

PMID- 3841025
TI  - Synthesis, toxicity, and therapeutic efficacy of 4-amino-N-(2'-aminophenyl)
      benzamide: a new compound preferentially active in slowly growing tumors.
AB  - The present paper describes 4-amino-N-(2'-aminophenyl)benzamide (GOE1734) with
      regard to synthesis; toxicity in mice, rats, and dogs; and differential
      therapeutic efficacy in slowly and rapidly proliferating rat tumors. GOE1734, an
      analog of a group of compounds known for other than antitumor effects with
      relatively simple N-acyl-O-phenylenediamine structure, is characterized by a low
      bacterial mutagenic potential after in vitro metabolic activation and DNA-DNA
      crosslinking activity after in vivo treatment. Maximum tolerated doses in rats
      and dogs amount to 4 and 1 mg/kg, respectively. High growth-inhibiting efficacy
      was obtained in intratibially implanted osteosarcoma, in methylnitrosourea
      induced primary mammary carcinoma, and in acetoxymethyl-methylnitrosamine-induced
      colorectal adenocarcinoma. GOE1734 proved to be ineffective in transplanted
      Yoshida sarcoma and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma when single or multiple doses were
      administered at dose levels that were moderately toxic or not toxic. Some
      antitumor effects were observed in L5222 leukemia after ip transplantation, but
      no effect could be observed after ic implantation or in vitro incubation and
      subsequent retransplantation of these cells. Since the latter three rat tumors
      are characterized by relatively short tumor volume doubling times (0.5-2 days),
      whereas the first three grow slower (tumor volume doubling time, 11-19 days), the
      remarkable differential antitumor activity of GOE1734 in fast and slowly growing
      malignancies is striking.

PMID- 3841026
TI  - Amsacrine with high-dose cytarabine in acute leukemia.

PMID- 3841027
TI  - Infarct size limitation by the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol, in closed
      chest dogs with small infarcts.
AB  - The present study was designed to evaluate the ability of allopurinol to limit
      infarct size following permanent coronary occlusion in the greyhound. Coronary
      occlusion was produced by injecting 2.5 mm plastic beads into the coronary artery
      of the closed chest dog. Non-perfused myocardium, the area at risk, was
      visualised by autoradiography of 141Cerium labelled microspheres which were
      infused immediately following coronary embolization. The treated dogs (n = 12)
      received 400 mg of allopurinol orally one day before surgery. A 25 mg . kg-1
      bolus was administered (iv) immediately before occlusion, and repeated every 8 h.
      11 dogs served as controls. After 24 h, the dogs were killed and the hearts were
      sliced into 5.0 mm transverse sections. The infarcted myocardium was visualised
      by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. The percentage of the risk zone which
      evolved to infarct was calculated. This percentage was 18.1 +/- 3.95% in the
      allopurinol group vs 58.4 +/- 2.81% in the control group (p less than 0.001). We
      conclude that allopurinol is a potent drug for the limitation of infarct size in
      the dog with permanent coronary occlusion.

PMID- 3841028
TI  - A Ca2+ insensitive actin-crosslinking protein from Dicytostelium discoideum.
AB  - We have isolated a 30,000-dalton protein from Dictyostelium which cosedimented
      with and affected the low shear viscosity of actin. At low concentrations, this
      protein increased the low shear viscosity to greater than that of the actin
      control, whereas higher concentrations decreased viscosity. The viscosity
      decrease correlated with the formation of actin filament bundles, as seen
      electron microscopically. This protein resembled a previously reported actin
      binding protein from Dictyostelium [Fechheimer and Taylor, 84, J Biol Chem
      259:4514] in electrophoretic mobility, Stokes radius, and ability to crosslink
      filaments, but was shown to be different by peptide mapping, lack of immunologic
      crossreactivity, and lack of sensitivity to calcium.

PMID- 3841029
TI  - Complete replacement of serum in cultures of murine primitive erythroid and
      multipotential progenitor cells: absolute requirement for spleen conditioned
      medium.
AB  - We describe a serum-free medium for the formation of erythropoietic bursts by
      murine bone marrow cells. Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium supplemented with
      bovine serum albumin, iron-saturated transferrin, soybean phospholipids and
      cholesterol supported burst formation. The further addition of hemin increased
      burst numbers to above those obtained in serum-containing cultures. With or
      without hemin, a source of burst-promoting activity (BPA) (crude or partially
      purified spleen conditioned medium) and erythropoietin were essential. This
      system provides a sensitive assay for BPA. Of all colonies developing in these
      cultures, 16% were pure erythroid, 17% mixed erythroid/myeloid, 36% macrophage,
      19% macrophage/basophil and macrophage/neutrophil, 9% basophil and 2% neutrophil.

PMID- 3841030
TI  - Controlled binding of liposomes to cultured cells by means of lectins.
AB  - Lectin-mediated binding of liposomes to Hela cells was analyzed as a function of
      different parameters. We show that the amount of lectin covalently bound to
      liposomes can be accurately controlled. We chose to work with 500 - to 1 000
      molecules of WGA bound per liposome of 1 micron diameter. These liposomes bound
      very efficiently to Hela cells as demonstrated by fluorescent microscopy, and
      fluorescent cell-sorting. We show that the number of liposomes bound is
      proportional to the input, over a wide range of concentrations. The liposomes
      bound very tightly to cells and could not be removed by trypsin or N
      acetylglucosamine, which competes with WGA binding.

PMID- 3841031
TI  - [Treatment of a chalazion by local injection of corticoids].

PMID- 3841032
TI  - Effects of nafazatrom on cardiovascular, sympathetic, and endocrine responses to
      hemorrhagic shock in conscious rats.
AB  - Nafazatrom is an antithrombic drug that has been shown to have beneficial effects
      in traumatic shock and organ ischemia. This study evaluated the effect of
      nafazatrom on cardiovascular, sympathetic, and endocrine consequences to moderate
      or severe hemorrhagic shock in the conscious rat. Nafazatrom (2 mg/kg, i.v.) had
      no effect on the blood pressure, heart rate, and circulatory norepinephrine,
      vasopressin, and leukotriene C4 responses to bleeding. Nafazatrom significantly
      reduced plasma TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and blocked the increment in these
      cyclooxygenase metabolites in response to hemorrhage. It is concluded that
      nafazatrom does not increase survival after moderate hypovolemic hypotension and
      decreases survival to severe hemorrhage. Nafazatrom does not modify the
      cardiovascular, sympathetic, and neuroendocrine responses to hypovolemic
      hypotension.

PMID- 3841033
TI  - Microviscosity of tracheal aspirates in newborns with respiratory distress.
AB  - The microviscosity of tracheal aspirates from newborn children with respiratory
      problems was investigated using fluorescence polarization. The pulmonary status
      of 100 newborns with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) and a reference group (n =
      45) was assessed daily throughout of intubation. Two main changes in phospholipid
      microviscosity (eta) were identified. A decrease in eta associated with a
      favourable clinical outcome. A dramatic increase in eta with an unfavourable
      outcome in pulmonary function. These changes correlated with clinical
      observations, but the trends in microviscosity seemed to appear before any
      related clinical sign. It is proposed that the measurement of tracheal
      microviscosity provides a method for checking pulmonary function in the first
      days of life. The method is rapid and sensitive; it detects small variations
      barely detectable using more conventional ways by which pulmonary phospholipids
      are usually studied.

PMID- 3841034
TI  - Evidence against a vasopressor role of ADH in malignant DOC-salt hypertension.
AB  - To investigate the possible role of vasopressin (VP) in the maintenance of DOC
      salt hypertension the effect of two VP pressor antagonists on mean arterial
      pressure and the pressor responsiveness to exogenous VP were studied in
      conscious, freely moving rats with malignant DOC-salt hypertension. Intravenous
      injections of either 20 micrograms/kg of dP Tyr(Me)AVP or 10 micrograms/kg of
      d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP had no significant effect on mean arterial pressure and heart
      rate, although both antagonists almost completely abolished the pressor response
      to VP. Furthermore, the animals with DOC-salt hypertension exhibited decreased
      pressor responsiveness to exogenous VP. The present findings strongly suggest
      that VP is not essential as a pressor hormone for maintaining blood pressure in
      malignant DOC-salt hypertension.

PMID- 3841035
TI  - Hemodynamic and vascular activity of LY127210, a new vasodilator, in anesthetized
      spontaneously hypertensive rats: comparison with hydralazine.
AB  - We used microsphere techniques to determine cardiac output and tissue blood flows
      in chloralose-anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with LY127210
      (10 mg/kg, i.p.), hydralazine (2 mg/kg, i.p.), or saline. LY127210 decreased
      blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, heart rate and left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure. Regional vascular resistance fell in kidney, cerebral cortex,
      ileum and skin, and blood flow decreased in skin, and cerebral cortex. After
      hydralazine, blood pressure, systemic resistance and left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure also decreased, but heart rate increased. Regional vascular
      resistance decreased in the kidney, cerebral cortex, ileum, myocardium and
      skeletal muscle, and blood flow was either maintained or increased in these
      tissues. Unlike LY127210, hydralazine decreased blood flow and increased vascular
      resistance in the skin. Thus, LY127210 reduces blood pressure in hypertensive
      rats by reducing vascular resistance, although about 1/3 of the fall in pressure
      was attributed to a decrease in cardiac output. Since heart rate, stroke volume
      and skin resistance did not increase, LY127210 might also interfere with
      baroreflex mechanisms.

PMID- 3841036
TI  - Fourier analysis of ECochG templates.
AB  - Computer templates of the action potential/summating potential waveforms from
      electrocochleograms have been analysed in the frequency domain following the Fast
      Fourier Transform. Analysis in the frequency domain is compared with standard
      time domain analysis and some inadequacies of the latter technique are shown. A
      simple account of the principles of Fourier analysis is given which may be of
      assistance to the general reader, particularly as computer packages currently
      being marketed with electric response audiometry equipment make this analytical
      technique readily available.

PMID- 3841038
TI  - A computer controlled calibrator, spectrum overlap eraser and automatic
      sensitivity control for an anaesthetic mass spectrometer.
AB  - The operation, design and performance of a microcomputer controlled spectrum
      overlap eraser and automatic sensitivity control (ASC) for a clinical mass
      spectrometer are described allowing calibration for up to eight anaesthetic gases
      in less than 15 s per gas. The critical design parameters are identified and the
      mathematical algorithm used discussed. Constructional details of the system are
      given with particular reference to the key components identified in the analysis
      of design parameters. The results of static and dynamic testing of the system are
      reported. The calibrator showed output linearities within +/- 1.7% first standard
      deviation (FSD) for a two part mixture of gases relevant in anaesthesia and a
      typical accuracy of 2.1% FSD for any point. Dynamic testing showed that the
      machine did not impede the overall speed of response of the system. Transient
      viscosity effects were adequately eliminated and ASC action effective for
      variation in source pressure between 11.3 X 10(-3) Pa and 2.7 X 10(-4) Pa. Mean
      drift with the calibrator was found to be less than 0.38% vol/vol h-1.

PMID- 3841037
TI  - Antitumor and antimetastatic activities of human recombinant interferon alpha
      A/D.
AB  - Human recombinant interferon alpha A/D (alpha A/D) was examined for its antitumor
      activity in several mouse tumor models using metastatic tumors, such as B16
      melanoma F1, BL6 and F10, UV2237m fibrosarcoma, and K1735m melanoma. Therapeutic
      treatment with alpha A/D reduced the incidence of pulmonary metastasis and
      inhibited the tumor growth resulting in an increase of the mean survival time.
      Since alpha A/D also showed a prophylactic activity against the metastasis, its
      antitumor activity was suggested to be due to augmentation of the host defense
      systems. This was confirmed by the fact that alpha A/D inhibited the in vivo
      growth and incidence of pulmonary metastasis of B16 F1 sublines regardless of
      their sensitivity to the direct antiproliferative activity of the IFN in vitro.

PMID- 3841039
TI  - Visualization of the coronary microcirculation using digital image processing.
AB  - A system was constructed to allow direct visualization of the coronary
      microcirculation of a beating rat heart under a microscope. An electrocardiogram
      (EKG) triggered strobe is used on the video recording and display system to
      "stop" the action of the beating heart so the surface microvessels can be
      directly observed. Experimental results are recorded on videotape and played back
      for frame-by-frame analysis of the data using digital image extraction, image
      enhancement and edge detection. The digital image processing techniques are
      designed for multi-purpose applications using recorded video images.

PMID- 3841040
TI  - Preparation of concentrated solutions of some common solutes by means of
      calculated molalities.
AB  - The preparation of high molar concentrations of many solutes can often be very
      time-consuming owing to the substantial volume, and sometimes temperature,
      changes which occur as the solute dissolves. By contrast, the preparation of
      solutions of a given molality is much simpler since all that is required is to
      mix known weights of the solute and solvent. This paper describes a simple method
      and a computer program (MOLAL) for preparing known volumes of a given molarity
      for twenty commonly-used solutes, by means of calculated molalities; the density
      of the resulting solutions is also given.

PMID- 3841041
TI  - A complete system for barcode generation on the HP-41CX hand-held computer using
      a standard thermal printer.
AB  - One of the unique features of the HP-41C hand-held computer is its ability to
      read program code and alphanumeric data in the form of printed barcode. This
      greatly facilitates the dissemination of medical software and data used by this
      system. Initially, the ability to generate HP-41 barcode was restricted to a few
      centers in possession of specialized microcomputer equipment, and more recently
      to users able to either obtain a plotter read-only memory (ROM) module and HP7400
      series plotter, or a dot-matrix impact printer, for which a special interface was
      then required. This paper presents a set of twenty programs which allows all nine
      types of HP-41C barcode to be generated using an HP-41CX, the commonly
      encountered 82162A thermal printer, an HP-IL ROM, and the plotter ROM. The
      package includes a number of input/output routines which are of general utility.
      Complete barcode listings, generated by the system itself, allow complete
      installation of the system without use of the keyboard. 'Synthetic programming'
      code permits the use of helpful non-standard characters in the display and allows
      that part of the system which is concerned with generating program barcode to run
      in extended memory, freeing main memory (RAM) to hold a large program. This
      system should make the generation of barcode much more widely available.

PMID- 3841042
TI  - A computer simulation of medical decision strategy performance.
AB  - This study demonstrates a computer model which can be used to compare the effects
      of errors in probability and utility estimation on the performance of Bayesian
      and alternative medical decision strategies. The model task requires choosing one
      of three treatments for a patient with one of three diseases based on the
      patient's state with respect to five binary cues and estimates of the prior
      probabilities of disease, the conditional probabilities of the cues and the
      utilities of the treatments. A classic decision analytic strategy uses Bayes'
      formula to calculate posterior probabilities of disease and chooses treatments
      based on maximization of expected value. Alternative strategies use likelihood
      ratios to calculate disease scores for each patient state and choose the
      treatment with highest payoff for the disease with the highest score. Two
      strategies with different cutoffs for the ratios are compared with a random
      strategy and a classic decision analytic strategy. The simulation results show
      that the payoffs for all strategies except the random strategy decline with
      increasing estimation error. The decision analytic strategy has the highest mean
      payoff at all levels of error. The differences between this optical strategy and
      the alternatives, however, decrease as estimation error increases, and the
      frequency with which the strategies based on simple diagnostic scoring rules
      outperform the formal Bayesian strategy increases.

PMID- 3841043
TI  - Clinician use of a pediatric cardiology database on a microcomputer.
AB  - A pediatric cardiology database was designed and implemented on a microcomputer
      using the MEDUS/A (Harvard School of Public Health) database management system.
      This database has potential utility in the areas of clinical research, patient
      management, and administration. Initial uses of the system include a study of
      ventricular septal defects, and automation of pacemaker clinic and cardiac
      catheterization laboratory records. Clinicians with little or no programming
      experience can alter the database structure and tailor complicated applications
      to their particular needs. Preliminary evaluation of the system is presented.

PMID- 3841044
TI  - Long-term use of oral contraceptives and cervical neoplasia: an association
      confounded by other risk factors?
AB  - One-hundred-and-forty women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) found
      during pregnancy were compared to 280 pregnant age-matched controls. Information
      was obtained on obstetrical and gynecological history, sexual behaviour,
      contraceptive use and smoking of the female and of the male partner. Oral
      contraceptive use for 60 months or more was significantly associated with CIN.
      This significance vanished when the effect of confounding factors was controlled
      for in a log-linear analysis. According to these results, long-term oral
      contraceptive use does not seem to be a causal factor of CIN, but these women
      constitute a high risk group due to sexual history and smoking habits and should
      thus be referred for a regular cytological screening.

PMID- 3841045
TI  - Human tears inhibit the coating of proteins to solid phase surfaces.
AB  - The presence of surfactants in human tear samples was studied using methods
      employed in ELISA technology. Initial experiments whereby diluted tear samples
      were incubated with special polyacrylate ELISA microcuvettes showed no binding of
      tear-lactoferrin to the cuvettes whereas a marked binding of purified lactoferrin
      could be observed. In subsequent experiments it was shown that incubation of
      purified lactoferrin with increasing amounts of human tears resulted in a dose
      dependent inhibition of the binding of lactoferrin to the microcuvettes. Partial
      characterisation of the "coating inhibitory activity" in human tears was
      investigated by studying the effect of tears or isolated tear fractions on the
      non-specific binding of a peroxidase conjugated antibody onto the microcuvettes.
      Preincubation of microcuvettes with tears followed by a wash with phosphate
      buffered saline resulted in a marked inhibition of the adhesion of the peroxidase
      conjugate, suggesting that the coating inhibitory activity is caused by a binding
      of a factor in human tears to the solid phase. The findings reported here
      resemble earlier observations concerning lacrimal surfactants. The method
      described in this paper can be performed using a small quantity of human tears or
      isolated tear proteins and is therefore quite suitable for further biochemical
      analysis of tear surfactant activity as well as for clinical studies in patients
      with various tear film disorders.

PMID- 3841046
TI  - Growth-related changes in specific mRNAs upon lectin activation of human
      lymphocytes.
AB  - A cDNA library in lambda gt10 was constructed from the cytoplasmic poly(A) +RNA
      of human peripheral blood lymphocytes after 72 hr of phytohemagglutinin
      stimulation, with the aim of assessing selective gene expression as a result of
      lymphocyte activation. Thirteen recombinants were isolated by the use of an
      enriched probe and differential screening. These clones were categorized into two
      groups with respect to their hybridization to mRNA. In the first group three
      recombinants were isolated, which hybridized to single discrete mRNAs in the size
      range 0.7-1.7 kb. The mRNAs corresponding to these clones were present at
      elevated levels in activated lymphocytes, but the kinetics of increase differed.
      The 0.7-kb mRNA coded for by clone p1L1 increased two-fold at 6 hr and remained
      elevated over 72 hr, as did beta-actin mRNA. The 1.7-kb mRNA coded for by clone
      p9L2 increased two- to three-fold after 6 hr and was maximally expressed after 24
      hr exposure to phytohemagglutinin, coincident with the onset of DNA replication,
      and maintained this level up to 72 hr. The 1.0-kb mRNA coded by p10L2F which was
      rare in resting cells increased 25- to 30-fold after 6 hr, prior to overall
      transcriptional increases and reached peak levels after 72 hr when a substantial
      proportion of the cells were in the S and G2 + M phases of the cell cycle. This
      clone was undetectable or very rare in the leukemic T-lymphoblast cell line CCRF
      CEM. The second group of clones, consisting of the remaining 10 recombinants, did
      not hybridize to discrete bands, but to a smear on RNA blots.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3841048
TI  - Metabolic and toxicologic study of an artificial sweetener, oxime V.
AB  - Metabolic disposition and subchronic oral toxicologic studies were conducted on a
      new synthetic sweetener, Oxime V. Based on radioactivity assay, the compound was
      readily absorbed and metabolized. Excretion was nearly quantitative 48 hours
      after dosing the rat, dog, and rhesus monkey. The major metabolites were formed
      by oxidation and reduction of the cyclohexadiene ring, oxidation of the aldoxime
      and dimethyl ether moieties followed by conjugation with glycine, thiomethylation
      of the ring, and O-glucuronidation of the aldoxime. A two-month feeding study was
      conducted with male adult rats. The average consumption of Oxime V was 396.5
      mg/kg per day by rats fed a diet containing 0.6% of the test compound. No
      treatment related histopathologic lesion was observed in the liver, kidney,
      spleen, and testes. The liver weight relative to the body weight and serum
      bilirubin level were increased.

PMID- 3841047
TI  - [Cytostatic polychemotherapy in the aged].
AB  - Adherence to the dose or the need for dose reduction and the duration of
      treatment intervals were determined retrospectively for 1446 chemotherapy courses
      in 291 patients with malignant lymphoma and breast cancer. In patients over 60
      years of age treated with the COP and COPP regimes there was a significantly
      higher frequency of deviation from the standard regime than in younger patients;
      a similar situation was seen in patients with breast cancer. The cause in the
      elderly patients was presumably due to the higher incidence of non-oncological
      diseases. In a group treated using the CHOP-scheme there was no difference in
      comparison with the reference group. In this group patients with severe pre
      existent diseases were excluded before treatment. The results indicate that age
      itself is not a major risk factor for a combination chemotherapy. Pre-existent
      diseases play a substantial role in the toxicity of cytostatics.

PMID- 3841049
TI  - [Arthrography of the knee in the diagnosis of meniscus disorders].

PMID- 3841050
TI  - Clearance of large amounts of natural surfactants and liposomes of
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine from the lungs of rabbits.
AB  - Three-day-old rabbits were given intratracheal injections of radiolabeled natural
      sheep surfactant, rabbit surfactant, or liposomes of
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine that contained greater than three times the
      quantity of phosphatidylcholine present in the endogenous surfactant pool. The
      recoveries of radiolabeled phosphatidylcholine and total phosphatidylcholine in
      alveolar washes, lung tissue, and total lung (alveolar washes plus lung tissue)
      were measured for 72 h. Approximately half of the two natural surfactants rapidly
      became lung tissue associated, and phosphatidylcholine derived from the rabbit
      surfactant was cleared from the total lung twice as rapidly as was the
      phosphatidylcholine from sheep surfactant (20.7% versus 10.4% of the amount
      present at zero time/24 h, p less than .05). The alveolar surfactant pool size
      did not decrease despite the clearance of the exogenously administered material.
      The liposomes of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine were cleared from the total lung
      at the same rate as the rabbit surfactant phosphatidylcholine; however, compared
      to the natural surfactants, much less of this material became lung tissue
      associated. The administration of the natural rabbit surfactant did not decrease
      the amount of radiolabeled choline, palmitic acid, or 32P that was incorporated
      into lung phosphatidylcholine or the amount of labeled phosphatidylcholine that
      was secreted to the alveoli. However, sheep surfactant increased the percent of
      radiolabeled phosphatidylcholine recovered by alveolar wash. These experiments
      document differences in clearance rates, tissue and alveolar association
      patterns, and subtle effects on endogenous surfactant metabolism for two
      surfactants and liposomes of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine following
      intratracheal administration. Uniform metabolic responses should not be
      anticipated following treatments with different surfactant preparations.

PMID- 3841051
TI  - Secretion of surfactant by rat alveolar type II cells: morphometric analysis and
      three-dimensional reconstruction.
AB  - Secretion of surfactant by alveolar type II cells occurs by exocytosis and is
      stimulated by several mechanical and hormonal mechanisms, including beta
      agonists. We examined the morphological correlates of this process by electron
      microscopy and by three dimensional reconstructions of rat lung alveolar
      epithelial type II cells before and after isoproterenol stimulation. Male rats
      were given a dose of isoproterenol 2 hours prior to anesthesia. The lungs were
      fixed by intratracheal instillation and lung tissue was processed by methods
      designed to enhance the retention of saturated phospholipids. The type II cells
      were evaluated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy and morphometry
      of the type II cells was performed. Three dimensional reconstruction of secretory
      events at the alveolar air border was also done. We observed a dose dependent
      increase in elliptical cell-surface pores averaging 0.2 X 0.4 micron in size on
      the alveolar luminal side of type II cells. Most often these pores were
      surrounded by an elevated area lacking microvilli and overlying an area of
      granular cytoplasm. The pores observed were about half the average diameter of
      the lamellar bodies and a deformation of that spherical secretory organelle was
      seen frequently. We conclude these cell-surface pores represent the structures
      through which surfactant is released by type II cells. During the secretion of
      lamellar bodies, deformation may be imposed at the restriction of the surface
      pores. This deformation could be important in the transformation of the lamellar
      material from an intracellular storage site to its active role on the alveolar
      surface.

PMID- 3841052
TI  - Pregnancy complications and outcomes in a cohort of women with epilepsy.
AB  - To assess the possible adverse effects of maternal epilepsy on the course and
      outcome of pregnancy, all 138,780 Washington State birth certificates for the
      years 1980-81 were screened, and 204 births to epileptic mothers were identified.
      This was a lower than expected frequency of pregnancies in epileptic women. These
      births were compared with 612 randomly chosen control births for the same 2-year
      period. Of 46 pre- and perinatal events considered, eight were found to have
      occurred with significantly increased frequency for mothers with epilepsy. The
      offspring of these women were 2.8 times more likely to have low birth weight for
      their gestational age and 2.5 to 3.7 times more likely to have low Apgar scores
      or asphyxia. The excess risk of these adverse outcomes could not be explained by
      maternal race, parity, age, previous fetal loss, or socioeconomic status. These
      findings suggest that increased vigilance for complications of pregnancy and
      childbirth is warranted for epileptic women.

PMID- 3841053
TI  - Methodological issues in modeling the relationship between low-level lead
      exposure and infant development: examples from the Boston Lead Study.
AB  - This paper addresses several methodological issues relevant to an assessment of
      the association between low-level lead exposure and early development. In
      particular, we discuss methods for choosing, from a large pool of candidates, the
      covariates to control when estimating this association. We examine the issue of
      confounding and explain why adjusting increased, rather than decreased, the
      estimate of the association between blood lead level and development at 6 months
      of age in our sample. A step-by-step description of our strategy for model
      building is presented. Finally, we demonstrate the robustness of the findings by
      showing that the magnitude and standard error of the estimated lead effect is not
      affected appreciably by the method of selecting covariates to be controlled for
      or by the characterization of lead as a continuous, ordinal, or dichotomous
      variable. Although these issues arose in the course of analyses of data collected
      by the Boston lead study (D. Bellinger, H. Needleman, A. Leviton, C. Waternaux,
      M. Rabinowitz, and M. Nichols (1984), Neurobehav. Tox. Teratol., 6, 387-402),
      they apply to other current prospective lead studies as well.

PMID- 3841054
TI  - Integrated control of Strongylus vulgaris infection in horses using ivermectin.
AB  - An attempt was made to control or eliminate Strongylus vulgaris from a closed
      group of three horses at pasture near Perth, Western Australia, by dosing with
      ivermectin on four occasions during the time of year when it was believed that
      environmental conditions would eliminate all the non-parasitic stages of that
      species. At necropsy, five months after the last dose of anthelmintic and after
      continually grazing the same pastures, no S vulgaris or arterial lesions were
      found in those horses and S edentatus, Draschia megastoma and Habronema species
      were also almost completely eliminated.

PMID- 3841055
TI  - Epidemiological approach to the control of horse strongyles.
AB  - An investigation of the spring rise in strongyle egg output of grazing horses on
      two commercial horse farms in northern USA in 1981 and 1982 revealed two distinct
      spring and summer rises in faecal egg counts, with peaks in May and
      August/September. There was a marked rise in the concentration of infective
      larvae on pasture two to four weeks after the peaks in egg output, so that
      grazing horses were at serious risk from June onwards and pasture larval counts
      on one farm did not fall to low levels until June of the following year. The
      spring and summer rises in faecal egg counts appeared to be seasonal in nature,
      to be derived largely from worms developing from previously ingested larvae,
      rather than from newly ingested larvae, and to be unrelated to the date of
      foaling. An epidemiological approach to strongyle control based on prophylactic
      treatments in the spring successfully eliminated the spring rise in egg output
      but was inadequate to control the summer rise or subsequent escalation of pasture
      infectivity in September. It was, nevertheless, superior to a conventional
      treatment programme at eight week intervals, using the same drug, pyrantel
      pamoate. Prophylactic spring/summer treatments proved to be much more effective.
      Both pyrantel pamoate at four week intervals and ivermectin at eight week
      intervals kept faecal egg counts at low levels during spring and summer. As few
      as two ivermectin treatments (11 May, 6 July) resulted in a sixfold reduction in
      pasture larval counts on 9 November and 3 January for the treated group (8872,
      8416 stage three larvae [L3]/kg) compared to the control group (52,824, 50,984
      L3/kg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3841056
TI  - Lymphosarcoma: the case for case reports.

PMID- 3841057
TI  - Clinicopathological features of lymphosarcoma involving the thoracic cavity in
      the horse.
AB  - The clinical and post mortem features of 11 cases of lymphosarcoma involving the
      thoracic cavity are reviewed. The clinical findings included inappetence, weight
      loss, pectoral oedema, dyspnoea, pleural effusion and distension of the jugular
      veins. Dysphagia was present in three cases. At post mortem examination lesions
      were found in the abdomen as well as the chest in eight cases; clinical signs of
      abdominal disease were present in two cases. The features of nine other similar
      cases recorded in the literature are reviewed.

PMID- 3841058
TI  - Palatine lymphosarcoma in two horses.

PMID- 3841059
TI  - Regulated production of an influenza virus spliced mRNA mediated by virus
      specific products.
AB  - The influenza virus NS2 mRNA is generated through processing by cellular enzymes
      of a transcript (the NS1 mRNA) of virion RNA segment 8. Production of this mRNA
      is altered in cells infected with a mutant of influenza A (fowl plague) virus.
      The proportion of segment 8 transcripts which accumulated in a spliced form was
      found to be considerably lower in mutant virus-infected cells than in cells
      infected with wild-type virus, and the amplification in production of NS2 mRNA
      relative to that of the NS1 mRNA, which normally occurs during infection with
      wild-type virus, was not observed with the mutant. The NS1 mRNA specified by the
      mutant virus has unaltered splice recognition sites and was apparently processed
      normally during a mixed infection with a strain of virus which is wild-type for
      production of NS2 mRNA. These results suggest that the production of NS2 mRNA is
      regulated by virus-specific products; these products may act by increasing the
      efficiency of splicing of NS1 mRNA.

PMID- 3841060
TI  - Steady-state kinetics of skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase indicate a
      strong down regulation by products.
AB  - The kinetic behaviour of myosin light chain kinase isolated from skeletal muscle
      was studied under steady-state conditions using highly purified phosphorylatable
      light chains 2 (LC2). Forward reaction, product inhibition, and reverse reaction
      data indicate a sequential mechanism which can be interpreted best by a rapid
      equilibrium random bi-bi reaction model. The forward reaction parameters are KATP
      = 150 microM, KLC2 = 5.3 microM, and Ki LC2 = 7.6 microM. The enzyme forms a dead
      end complex with ADP and light chain 2; Kd, ADP of this complex is 50 microM. The
      forward reaction is also strongly inhibited by the phosphorylated light chain 2,
      Ki, LC2P is 1.5 microM. An equilibrium constant Keq of about 70 can be calculated
      from the kinetic parameters which agrees with the directly measured value of
      about 60. The role of the two inhibitory mechanisms in the regulation of the
      enzyme and of the high energy of the light chain phosphate bond as deducible from
      Keq are discussed.

PMID- 3841061
TI  - Stimulation of Trypanosoma brucei pyruvate kinase by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate.
AB  - The activity of pyruvate kinase present in a crude extract of the bloodstream
      form of Trypanosoma brucei was greatly increased by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate,
      which converted the saturation curve for phosphoenolpyruvate from a sigmoid into
      a hyperbola with no change in V. Phosphate and arsenate had an effect opposite to
      that of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and the apparent Ka for fructose 2,6
      bisphosphate was shifted from 75 nM to 1.5 microM by the presence of 5 mM
      phosphate. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate had effects similar to those of fructose 2,6
      bisphosphate but at approximately 4000-fold higher concentrations. Pyruvate
      kinases of Crithidia luciliae and of Leishmania major, two trypanosomatids which
      are like T. brucei in containing glycosomes, were also stimulated by fructose 2,6
      bisphosphate and inhibited by phosphate.

PMID- 3841062
TI  - Partial purification and some properties of a latent CO2 reductase from green
      potato tuber chloroplasts.
AB  - We have partially purified the CO2 reductase, present in green potato tuber
      chloroplasts, as a latent form. Illumination of the chloroplasts in the absence
      of substrate, bicarbonate, activated the enzyme, which could then be obtained in
      soluble forms. Purification of the enzyme was achieved by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation
      (0-30%) and adsorption and elution from a DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column. The final
      preparation showed 15-fold purification and 50% recovery of the activity. The pH
      optimum for CO2 reductase was 8.0. Hepes and Tricine buffers showed maximum
      activity whereas Tris/phosphate or borate failed to show any activity. The enzyme
      reaction was sensitive to the presence of metal ions like Fe3+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Mo6+
      and Zn2+, however, a threefold activation was observed with Fe2+. The metal
      requirement for CO2 reductase was evident from the observed inhibition by metal
      chelators like o-phenanthroline, alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl, bathocuproine, 8
      hydroxyquinoline etc. Out of these o-phenanthroline was the strongest inhibitor
      and its concentration for 50% inhibition was 40 microM. The presence of Fe2+ ions
      in the reaction mixture protected the enzyme from heat denaturation upto 50
      degrees C. Maximum enzyme activity was observed at 15 degrees C. The enzyme
      activity showed a 30-s lag period and the maximum was reached in 90 s.
      Supplementation of sodium dithionite in the reaction activated enzyme activity
      threefold, suggesting involvement of dithiol groups in the catalytic activity.
      There was strong inhibition by -SH inhibitors like 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic
      acid) and N-ethylmaleimide and -SH reagents like dithiothreitol, 2
      mercaptoethanol and cysteine. Various nucleotide coenzyme tried inhibited the
      enzyme strongly.

PMID- 3841063
TI  - Structural and functional studies of hemoglobin Poissy alpha 2 beta 2(56) (D7)
      Gly----Arg and 86 (F2) Ala----Pro.
AB  - Hemoglobin Poissy alpha 2 beta 2(56) (D7) Gly----Arg and 86 (F2) Ala----Pro, is a
      new variant of the beta chain with two substitutions within the second exon of
      the corresponding gene. The electrophoretic mobilities are identical to those of
      Hb Hamadan alpha 2 beta 2(56) (D7) Gly----Arg as is the fingerprint of the
      tryptic hydrolysate of the two abnormal beta chains. The second substitution beta
      86 Ala----Pro was detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Hb Poissy has
      a threefold increase in oxygen affinity with low Hill coefficient and diminished
      Bohr effect, which are restored to normal upon addition of 2,3
      bisphosphoglycerate. Since the functional properties of Hb Hamadan (beta 56 Gly--
      -Arg) have been described as normal, the abnormal function of Hb Poissy may be
      attributed to the beta 86 (F2) Ala----Pro substitution. Hb Poissy exhibits a mild
      instability and a greater reactivity of the thiol groups of the beta 93 (F9) Cys
      residues in the deoxy form than does Hb A. The oxidation rate of Hb Poissy is
      biphasic indicating a large inequivalence between the alpha and beta hemes.
      Thereafter NMR studies demonstrated that the beta 86 Ala----Pro substitution
      produces a displacement of the F helix closer to the heme plane and a large
      increase in the dynamic fluctuations of the tertiary structure on the proximal
      side of the beta hemes. These results lead to the conclusion that the beta 86 Ala
      ---Pro substitution produces a destabilization of the F helix extending downwards
      to the FG corner and altering both the beta hemes and the alpha 1 beta 2
      contacts.

PMID- 3841064
TI  - Pulmonary mycotic aneurysms secondary to infective endocarditis in a patient with
      a persistent ductus arteriosus and partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.
AB  - Mycotic aneurysms are a rare but recognized complication of infective
      endocarditis. Aneurysms of the pulmonary artery are usually associated with
      infected congenital heart lesions and especially with persistent ductus
      arteriosus. This report deals with a patient with a persistent ductus who
      developed multiple mycotic aneurysms in the right lung following infective
      endocarditis, and whose management was complicated by anomalous venous drainage
      of most of the contralacteral lung. Surgical closure of the ductus to reduce
      pulmonary blood flow failed to prevent haemoptysis, and further surgery to ligate
      the feeder arteries to the aneurysms was required.

PMID- 3841065
TI  - Radioiodine therapy for Graves' disease: multivariate analysis of pretreatment
      parameters and early outcome.
AB  - Twenty-one clinical, biochemical, scan and tracer-kinetic parameters were
      documented in 76 patients with Graves' disease who had received a standard 5-mCi
      therapy dose of 131I. Linear discriminant analysis was then undertaken to
      determine what combination of variables best predicted outcome. One year after
      therapy, 40 patients were euthyroid, 11 were hypothyroid, and 25 were still
      thyrotoxic. Linear discriminate functions combining 24-h 131I uptake, the
      presence or absence of thyroid eye signs and a computer-derived measurement of
      thyroid cell mass best discriminated the three outcome groups. The proportion of
      patients correctly reclassified according to outcome using these functions was,
      however, only just over 50%. It is concluded that no single or combination of
      pretreatment variables predicts early outcome with sufficient confidence to
      justify a rigorously 'scientific' approach to the administration of 131I therapy
      for Graves' disease.

PMID- 3841066
TI  - Characterization and automatic identification of ECG conduction abnormalities
      using segmental multiharmonic Fourier analysis of gated blood-pool scintigrams.
AB  - This study of biventricular segmental timing sequences compared patterns of the
      first-harmonic phase with those of multiharmonic Fourier-analysis-derived
      parameters to determine their suitability for the classification of patients
      using an automatic pattern recognition scheme. The study involved nine patients
      with normal ECGs, six with left bundle branch block, 4 with right bundle branch
      block, and 6 with right-ventricular pacemakers; all patients had normal left
      ventricular function. The segmental sequence described by the time of end systole
      was similar to that described by the first-harmonic phase, with a lower
      correlation using the time of maximum filling rate, and a rather poor correlation
      of the time of maximum ejection rate with the other parameters. Thus, despite
      theoretical difficulties, timing patterns described by phase best agreed with
      those of the time of end systole. Intersegmental timing differences were used as
      criteria for discriminating between groups by means of a sequential logic tree.
      Using either phase, time of end systole or time of maximum ejection rate, all
      patients were correctly classified into the four ECG categories. More
      intersegmental timing differences were useful as criteria for phase (57) than for
      the time of end systole (45) or the time of maximum ejection rate (30). The first
      harmonic phase was more efficient than the time of end systole for separating
      patient groups. Sequential biventricular timing disorders can be objectively
      classified using either first-harmonic or multiharmonic Fourier analysis, and
      their patterns can be automatically recognized and used for classification.

PMID- 3841067
TI  - A prospective study of the treatment of high-grade histology non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma involving the gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - Thirty-six patients presenting with stage II-IV primary gastrointestinal non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma of high-grade pathology were treated in a prospective study
      from 1975 to 1983 with combined modality therapy. A complete response rate of 56%
      was obtained and the overall 5-yr survival rate was 36%. The 5-yr relapse-free
      survival rate of the complete remitters was 79%. Multivariate analysis revealed
      that the remission achieved (P less than 0.001) and the completeness of primary
      surgery (P = 0.018) would reliably predict the duration of overall survival. The
      finding of diffuse histiocytic histology (Rappaport) predicted longer relapse
      free survival. The majority of deaths were related to intra-abdominal
      complications and not to disseminated lymphoma. Gastrointestinal tract non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma of high-grade pathology of all stages is curable with a
      combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy following surgery to remove as much
      macroscopic disease as is possible.

PMID- 3841068
TI  - Schedule dependence of activity of the amsacrine analogue CI-921 towards P388
      leukaemia and Lewis lung carcinoma.
AB  - The 4-methyl-5-(N-methyl)carboxamide derivative (CI-921; NSC 343499) of the
      clinical antileukaemia agent amsacrine is highly active towards P388 leukaemia
      and Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. When administered intraperitoneally at the
      optimal schedule and dose, CI-921 provided 5/650-day survivors in leukaemic mice
      and 10/11 60-day survivors in mice previously inoculated intravenously with Lewis
      lung cells. An intermittent (every 4 days X 3) schedule was superior to single
      dose, daily X 5 or daily X 9 schedules. Although intraperitoneal dosage was
      superior to intravenous or oral dosage for the treatment of intraperitoneally
      inoculated P388 leukaemia, all three routes of administration provided similar
      results with intravenously inoculated Lewis lung or subcutaneously implanted P388
      cells. Daily intraperitoneal dosage schedules provided sharper dose-response
      relationships than intermittent schedules, and with daily schedules 1.5-fold
      rather than 2-fold dose increments were necessary for reliable detection of
      activity against Lewis lung carcinoma.

PMID- 3841069
TI  - Prenatal exposure of rats to antidepressants enhances agonist affinity of brain
      dopamine receptors and dopamine-mediated behaviour.
AB  - The effects of acute treatment or prenatal exposure of rats to antidepressants on
      locomotor activity and [3H]spiroperidol binding to striatal membranes were
      studied in 25 day old rats. Prenatal exposure or acute treatment with the
      antidepressants chlorimipramine, iprindole or mianserin reduced locomotor
      activity on postnatal day 25. On the contrary, prenatal exposure to nomifensine
      induced locomotor hyperactivity. It was also found that chlorimipramine,
      iprindole or nomifensine enhanced the locomotor response to apomorphine. Acute
      treatment with mianserin, markedly decreased locomotion but in utero mianserin
      did not modify the apomorphine-induced hyperactivity. Scatchard analysis showed
      no change in the characteristics of binding of [3H]spiroperidol to striatal
      dopamine receptors after antidepressant treatment. However, the ability of
      dopamine to compete for these sites was significantly enhanced after prenatal
      exposure to all the antidepressants. This increase in agonist affinity for
      dopamine receptors may explain the long-lasting behavioural supersensitivity of
      dopamine receptors observed after chronic treatment with typical or atypical
      antidepressants.

PMID- 3841070
TI  - The effect of local and systemic application of dopaminergic agents on tail flick
      latency in the rat.
AB  - Dopamine (DA) is thought to have a neurotransmitter role in the spinal cord of
      the rat. Intrathecal administration of the DA receptor agonist apomorphine has
      previously been shown to reduce nocifensive responses. The present experiments
      investigated the site of action of apomorphine, and the mechanisms by which DA
      agonists apparently produce antinociception. Small doses of apomorphine (40-80
      micrograms/kg) increased the tail flick latency (TFL) in lightly anaesthetised
      rats when given intrathecally and intravenously but not
      intracerebroventricularly. This effect is probably mediated via D2 receptors
      since the D2 agonist LY171555 had a similar effect whereas the D1 agonist SK&F
      38393 was inactive. Furthermore the D2 antagonist sulpiride blocked the effects
      of apomorphine and LY171555. The spinal monosynaptic reflex was not modified by
      150 micrograms/kg apomorphine suggesting that sensory rather than motor processes
      are being influenced. Pretreatment with the serotonin receptor antagonist
      methysergide prevented the apomorphine induced increase in TFL. It is concluded
      that exogenously applied DA agonist can result in antinociception in the spinal
      cord and that this effect may be dependent upon activity in the spinal 5
      hydroxytryptaminergic and noradrenergic systems.

PMID- 3841071
TI  - Indirect hypothalamo-cerebellar pathway? Demonstration of hypothalamic efferents
      to the lateral reticular nucleus.
AB  - Hypothalamic efferents to the lateral reticular nucleus (NRL) have been
      demonstrated in the cat by means of anterograde and retrograde axonal transport
      of the wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) complex. Pressure
      injections of the WGA-HRP complex into the hypothalamus resulted in anterograde
      labelling of branching terminal axons both in the NRL and in an adjacent X area,
      presumably the ventrolateral catecholaminergic cell group (A1). After
      microiontophoretical ejections of the WGA-HRP complex into the NRL from a ventral
      approach, retrogradely labelled neurons were found in the lateral, dorsal,
      posterior and anterior hypothalamic areas and in the tubero-mammillary,
      dorsomedial and periventricular nuclei. The projection is bilateral with a clear
      ipsilateral predominance and has its main origin in the lateral hypothalamic
      area. The locations of hypothalamic cells projecting to the NRL are somewhat
      different from those giving rise to hypothalamo-cerebellar and hypothalamo-spinal
      connections. The present demonstration of a hypothalamic input to one of the
      major precerebellar relay nuclei introduces a new possible indirect route through
      which the cerebellum may be influenced by the hypothalamus. The different
      indirect and direct hypothalamo-cerebellar pathways and their potential
      functional importance are discussed.

PMID- 3841073
TI  - Eosinophilic granulocyte deficiency in mice mutant in sl and w loci.
AB  - Homozygous Sl/Sl and Wv/Wv mice were found to have approximately 15% of the
      normal number of circulating eosinophils. Furthermore, these mice exhibited
      reduced numbers of eosinophilic granulocytes in the bone marrow, spleen and
      thymus as compared to littermate control normal mice.

PMID- 3841072
TI  - Distribution of the tecto-thalamic projection neurons in the hereditary
      microphthalmic rat.
AB  - Tecto-thalamic projections in the hereditary bilaterally microphthalmic rat were
      studied by means of WGA-HRP injection into the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
      (LGNd) and the lateroposterior thalamic nucleus (LP). Histological study in the
      mutant rats showed that whereas LGNd and superficial layers of the superior
      colliculus (SC) suffered from a remarkable reduction in size, LP had no
      histological changes as compared to the normal animals. Unilateral injection of
      the tracer into the microphthalmic LGNd showed that WGA-HRP positive neurons were
      present mostly in the ipsilateral str. griseum superficiale (SGS) of the SC.
      However, the number of labeled SGS neurons of the microphthalmic animals was
      about 3% of the normal. Although cell bodies of the normal tecto-LGNd neurons in
      the SGS were spindle-form in shape and issued one or two proximal dendrites from
      each pole, the microphthalmic tecto-LGNd neurons showed an irregular contour and
      their dendrites were not so intensively labeled. Unilateral injections of WGA-HRP
      into the LP revealed that the tecto-LP neurons were mainly distributed in the
      ipsilateral str. opticum of the colliculus (SO) in both normal and microphthalmic
      animals. However, the number of labeled SO cells in the microphthalmic rat was
      about one-half of the normal. Furthermore, the size of labeled tecto-LP neurons
      was smaller than that of the normal ones, and they showed irregular round to oval
      cell bodies with equivocally labeled dendrites, in contrast to the normal tecto
      LP neurons with polygonal cell bodies extending three or more dendrites in a
      radial fashion. These results indicate that there exist the tecto-LGNd and -LP
      projection neurons in the microphthalmic rat and that their laminally segregated
      projection is fundamentally preserved. However, the number of the tecto-thalamic
      projection neurons, especially of the tecto-LGNd cells, was markedly diminished
      in the mutant tectum compared to normals.

PMID- 3841074
TI  - 2-Substituted-3-pyridinolethers as hypolipidemic and platelet aggregation
      inhibiting agents.
AB  - Some 2-substituted 3-pyridinolethers were synthesized, with one side chain
      bearing a carboxylic function; among these there are products having structure
      analogies with the prostaglandins. The results of hypolipidemic and
      hypocholesterolemic tests on experimental hyperdyslipidemic animals, as well as
      those on the inhibition of platelets aggregation and on fibrinolytic activity are
      reported.

PMID- 3841075
TI  - Monitoring of suspected infertile men with varicocele by the sperm penetration
      assay.
AB  - Although varicocele remains the most frequently diagnosed cause of male
      infertility, and improvement in semen quality is associated with repair of
      varicocele, improvement in spermatozoal fertilizing capacity has not been
      conclusively demonstrated. The sperm penetration assay was employed to monitor
      prospectively surgical (n = 59) and nonsurgical (n = 40) groups of men with
      varicocele. There were no significant increases in the average count, motility,
      morphologic features, or sperm penetration assay results for either group.
      Varicocele surgery enhanced assayable egg penetration rates in 14 of the 59
      patients (23.7%), whereas the nonsurgical group had 10% spontaneous improvement.
      Of those in the surgery group who showed assayable fertility enhancement and were
      attempting conception, pregnancies were achieved in 70% (7 of 10 patients). Of
      patients in the nonsurgical group who improved in the assay, no pregnancies were
      obtained.

PMID- 3841076
TI  - The value of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurements in assessing the
      fertilizing ability of human spermatozoa.
AB  - A study was undertaken to examine the relationship between adenosine triphosphate
      (ATP) levels and the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa in vitro and in
      vivo. The concentration of ATP in semen was found to be positively correlated
      with the ability of sperm to fuse with zona-free hamster oocytes. However, it was
      also demonstrated that a large part of this relationship depends upon the
      relationship between semen ATP concentrations and sperm number. Measurements of
      ATP levels in cryostored ejaculates used in an artificial insemination by donor
      program revealed that such measurements were not able to distinguish fertile from
      infertile ejaculates. However, among fertile donors, ATP levels did seem to
      contribute useful information on relative fertility. It is concluded that ATP
      measurement has a limited role in the laboratory evaluation of sperm function.

PMID- 3841077
TI  - Practical aspects on the estimation of the parameters in Coale's model for
      marital fertility.
AB  - This paper demonstrates the estimation of the parameters in the Coale model for
      marital fertility by the maximum likelihood method, under the assumption of a
      simple Poisson process model. The necessary calculations are easily performed in
      the statistical computer program package GLIM, and the necessary commands are
      noted. Without access to GLIM, or any equivalent, it is still possible to fit the
      model approximately by the use of any weighted linear regression program. In both
      cases, goodness of fit tests are available.

PMID- 3841078
TI  - [Calcium and phosphorus metabolism in insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent
      diabetics, well-controlled and poorly-controlled].
AB  - We studied phosphorus and calcium metabolism in 50 adult insulin dependent and
      non insulin dependent diabetics arranged in 4 groups according to therapy and
      control of diabetes. We observed: a low level of blood magnesium in all diabetics
      a lower level of P T H, more pronounced with poorly controlled diabetes. a
      decrease of 1-25 (OH) 2 D levels without modification of the 25 (OH) D levels in
      badly controlled diabetics. This decrease may be related to the low level of PTH
      with a 1 alpha hydroxylation defect. These results are in favor of the hypothesis
      of a primary bone problem leading to the pre-senile and subclinical osteoporosis
      observed in diabetics. Hyperglycaemia rather than insulinopenia may be involved.
      Rigorous diabetes control significantly decreases all the observed differences,
      except the low magnesium level.

PMID- 3841079
TI  - Sucralfate compared with ranitidine in the short-term healing of duodenal ulcers.
AB  - The efficacy of sucralfate (1 g four times daily) and ranitidine (150 mg twice
      daily) in the short-term healing of duodenal ulcers has been assessed in a
      randomized single-blind trial involving 104 patients with three drop-outs. The
      healing rate at 3 weeks of 83% for sucralfate and 84% for ranitidine improved to
      96% and 92%, respectively, at 6 weeks. The difference between the two treatment
      groups was not statistically significant. Smoking and male sex had no influence
      on the healing rates. Constipation was a prominent symptom in sucralfate
      treatment which was otherwise a safe and effective therapy.

PMID- 3841080
TI  - A complex set of early chorion DNA sequences from Bombyx mori.
AB  - A follicular cDNA library from Bombyx mori (576 clones) was screened to obtain a
      representative sample of chorion sequences differentially expressed during the
      early period of choriogenesis. Ten selected sequences were characterized by
      Northern analysis and by dot blots of stage-specific RNA. Five of these sequences
      (represented in the library by 24 clones) had the developmental specificity and
      transcript size expected of early chorion components; two sequences (37 clones)
      had the developmental specificity expected of middle and late chorion components;
      and three sequences (16 clones) were presumed to be non-chorion, since they are
      constitutive or disappear at the beginning of choriogenesis. The five recovered
      early chorion cDNA components have been sequenced, and define three distinct
      subfamilies of the chorion B multigene family, and two C type families. The
      complexity of the early chorion genes in B. mori is discussed.

PMID- 3841081
TI  - Development of an apical plasma membrane domain and tight junctions during
      histogenesis of the mammalian pancreas.
AB  - The role of tight junctions (zonula occludens) in the formation of apical plasma
      membrane (PM) domains was investigated in the embryonic rat pancreas. In the
      present study, lectin-rhodamine (WGA-TRITC and RCAII-TRITC) and lectin-gold (WGA
      Au and RCAII-Au) conjugates were used to monitor apical PM domain formation and
      freeze-fracture analysis was used to monitor tight junction formation in the
      pancreatic epithelium of embryonic, neonatal, and adult rats. Fluorescent and TEM
      analysis of WGA and RCAII binding indicated that an apical PM domain is formed as
      early as Day 13 of gestation in the pancreatic epithelium. While apical WGA
      binding remained into adult life, RCAII binding was lost by 1 day after birth. In
      contrast, tight junctions were not observed until Day 14 of gestation. At this
      time, tight junctions were found to be incomplete in formation and typically
      consisted of linear arrays of IMPs or discontinuous arrays of sealing strands
      (focal adherens). Continuous tight junctions were not completely formed until Day
      15 of gestation. Continued development of tight junctions during gestation was
      characterized by (1) an increase in the number of sealing strands and (2) a more
      parallel arrangement of sealing strands within each junctional complex. By 8
      weeks after birth, tight junctions were more loosely organized and contained
      fewer sealing strands as compared to that observed in the fetus. These results
      suggest that lateral diffusion of apical PM glycoconjugates may be restricted
      even in the absence of complete tight junctional complexes during development of
      the rat pancreas.

PMID- 3841082
TI  - COACH conference probes future information systems.

PMID- 3841083
TI  - [Significance of hormones in the amniotic fluid. II. STH and corticoids].
AB  - We measured the concentrations of growth hormone and corticosteroids in the
      amniotic fluid of 50 pregnant diabetic women between the 33rd and 36th week of
      gestation. These values were compared with normal values obtained by
      amniocentesis in 275 healthy patients. In the amniotic fluid the concentration of
      growth hormone decreases during pregnancy. Between the 12th and 16th week we
      measured 50 ng/ml, whereas in the last four weeks we found 30 ng/ml. In the
      diabetic patient the amniotic fluid content of STH is lower; however,
      hyperinsulinaemia of the foetus does not further decrease the concentration of
      growth hormone. The corticosteroid concentration in the amniotic fluid increases
      from 10 ng/ml in the 4th month of pregnancy to 35 ng/ml at the end of pregnancy.
      In diabetic patients we found lower cortisol concentrations; the concentration
      decreased further in the case of major symptoms of diabetic foetopathy in the
      newborn. We believe that low corticoid concentration in the amniotic fluid of the
      diabetic mother may be responsible for the respiratory distress syndrome in the
      newborn.

PMID- 3841084
TI  - Reduction in levels of volatile N-nitrosamines in rubber nipples for babies'
      bottles.
AB  - Levels of volatile N-nitrosamines were determined in 189 samples of rubber
      nipples for babies' bottles. Domestic (US-manufactured) and imported rubber
      nipples for consumer and hospital use were analysed to determine compliance with
      the US Food and Drug Administration's action level of 60 ppb (b = 10(9] for total
      volatile N-nitrosamines. Only one sample was found to be in violation of the
      action level; it contained a total of 137 ppb N-nitrosamines.

PMID- 3841085
TI  - [Differential diagnosis and differential therapy of pseudo-obstruction of the
      colon].

PMID- 3841086
TI  - [Sexually transmissible diseases in the anorectal area].

PMID- 3841087
TI  - Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by BM 15.766.
AB  - BM 15.766 (4-[2-[1-(4-chlorocinnamyl)piperazin-4-yl]ethyl]benzoic acid) showed a
      dose dependent action on 14C-acetate incorporation in cholesterol and
      intermediates including squalene by adult rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer
      culture. The biosynthesis of cholesterol could be reduced by more than 90%.
      Simultaneously, the 7-dehydrocholesterol level rose in the cells and, to a less
      marked extent, in the culture medium.

PMID- 3841088
TI  - Detection and isolation of filarial antigen from hydrocoele fluid and its use in
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3841089
TI  - Aplasia cutis congenita.

PMID- 3841090
TI  - Prognostic value of the heterologous ovum penetration test for human in vitro
      fertilization.
AB  - In order to evaluate the prognostic value of the heterologous ovum penetration
      test (HOP-test) the results of this test were compared with the fertilization
      rate of human ova in a programme for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
      (IVF/ET). Sperm from 29 husbands (23 normozoospermic and 6 with an abnormal semen
      profile) were exposed on one occasion to approximately 30 hamster ova in the HOP
      test and on 1 to 3 occasions to 1 to 4 preovulatory oocytes obtained from the
      respective wives. The mean penetration rate (+/- SEM) of the hamster ova was 43
      +/- 4% (range: 0-62%) for the normozoospermic men, and 23 +/- 6% (range: 0-47%)
      for the men with abnormal semen profiles. In 20 out of 23 couples in which the
      husbands were normozoospermic, sperm penetrated the hamster ova as well as they
      fertilized human ova; however, in one couple, a false-positive result was
      obtained (penetration of the hamster ova and no fertilization of the human
      oocytes) and in one couple a false-negative result occurred. One negative IVF
      result was correctly predicted by the HOP-test. In the 6 patients with disturbed
      sperm motility no correct positive or negative results were obtained, whilst 4
      false-positive and 2 false-negative results occurred using the HOP-test. Although
      the number of patients with disturbed sperm motility was small, the data suggest
      that the HOP-test is of limited value in predicting fertility in an IVF program
      for couples with reduced fertility.

PMID- 3841091
TI  - Inequalities in health in the city of Bristol: a preliminary review of
      statistical evidence.
AB  - This article compares statistical indicators of health with those of material and
      social deprivation for 28 wards of the city of Bristol, England. Four general
      indicators of health were examined-a combined rate per 1,000 live births of
      stillbirths and infant deaths; deaths of persons aged 15 to 64 per 1,000 of that
      age; deaths of persons aged 65 and over per 10,000 of that age, and numbers of
      babies born after 40 weeks gestation weighing less than 2,800 (and 2,500) grams
      per 1,000 births having that period of gestation. Measures of average and
      cumulative rank were used to augment tests of the significance of correlations
      between different indicators. The degree of rank consistency was high, and
      several wards at the top and the bottom of the rankings were clearly distinct on
      all indicators. Five indicators of deprivation were also examined-the percentages
      of: 1) households with fewer rooms than persons; 2) households lacking a car; 3)
      economically active persons seeking work; 4) children aged 5 to 15 who receive
      school meals free; and 5) households experiencing disconnection of electricity in
      the previous 12 months. Again the consistency of ranking according to the five
      indicators was high, with marked differences on all five indicators between the
      highest and lowest ranking wards. Between 1971 and 1981 some forms of deprivation
      increased in nearly all wards. According to some criteria, deprivation increased
      more in wards already most deprived in 1971 than in those least deprived.
      Finally, a strong association between the two sets of indicators was found. On
      the data available to health and planning authorities poor health is
      significantly correlated with deprivation. There are therefore implications for
      new forms of joint policy-making on the part of different departments of local
      and central government.

PMID- 3841092
TI  - Isolation, purification and 13C- and 1H-n.m.r. assignments of peptide [1-24] of
      human serum albumin.
AB  - Isolation, purification and 360 MHz 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectra of the residue
      corresponding to the NH2-terminal peptide fragment [1-24] of human serum albumin
      are reported. The various resonances have been assigned to individual amino acid
      residues and their spatial microenvironment has been determined in a
      straightforward manner on the basis of (i) pH dependent chemical shifts; (ii)
      combined use of multiple and selective proton-decoupled 1H- and 13C-n.m.r.
      spectra; (iii) the characteristic pK values exhibited by protons adjacent to
      sites of ionization in the molecule; and (iv) comparison of the spectra with the
      NH2-terminal tripeptide segment of human albumin. The pK values of different
      ionizable groups all fall in the normal range expected for each titrating sites
      and support a model of peptide fragment [1-24] in which there is no special
      structure-forming strong associations. These results are in agreement with those
      obtained by CD spectroscopy.

PMID- 3841094
TI  - Biotin concentrations in maternal plasma and milk during prolonged lactation.
AB  - We followed a group of exclusively breast feeding mothers for 12 months after
      delivery. They numbered 200 at delivery, 140 at 4 months of lactation, 116 at 6,
      36 at 9 and 7 at 12 months. The milk concentration of biotin was very low at
      delivery and subsequently the (geometric) mean value remained at around 4.5
      micrograms/l. The mean plasma value was 250 ng/l at delivery and stable (around
      330 ng/l) throughout the lactation. There were large intra- and interindividual
      variations in the concentrations in both milk (from 0 to 27 micrograms/l) and
      plasma (from 142 to 1090 ng/l). The variations in the milk concentrations result
      in a similar variation in the biotin intake of the exclusively breast-fed
      infants. The current recommendations for biotin intake were not met by any of
      those infants but no manifestations of biotin deficiency were recorded.

PMID- 3841093
TI  - Biological activity of the three mono-beta-D-glucopyranosides of 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol.
AB  - The biological activity of the three mono-beta-D-glucopyranosides (mono
      glucosides) of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] synthesized chemically
      has been studied in chicks and Japanese quails. While the 1- and the 3-glucoside
      showed no or only little effect on serum calcium, bone weight, calcium binding
      protein (CaBP) or calcium deposition in the egg shell, the 25-glucoside was found
      to be more than half as active as the aglycone 1,25(OH)2D3. The bioactivity of
      this glucoside parallels a higher binding constant to the intestinal 1,25(OH)2D3
      receptor compared to those of the two other glucosides.

PMID- 3841095
TI  - Effect of neonatal undernutrition on rat brain gangliosides.
AB  - Effects of age and neonatal undernutrition were studied on total and fractions of
      gangliosides (GT1, GD1b, GD1a and GM1) in rat brain. GT1, GD1b + GD1a and GM1 are
      being presented here as polysialo-, disialo-, and monosialo-gangliosides.
      Undernutrition was induced by feeding mothers a low protein diet during
      lactation. The concentration of gangliosides increased to its maximum level by
      the age of 3 weeks and then decreased to its adult value by the age of 8 weeks.
      Polysialo gangliosides (GT1) comprised the maximum amount of gangliosides at
      birth (40%) and decreased to an adult value by 3 weeks of age. Disialo
      ganglioside GD1b increased to its maximum by 2 weeks and then leveled off.
      Disialo ganglioside GD1a and GM1 showed a decrease by 2 weeks and then reached to
      its adult value by 4 weeks. Neonatal undernutrition results in a decreased body
      and brain weight at all ages studied (7, 14 and 21 days) as well as total
      ganglioside concentration by 36%, 15% and 55% respectively at 7, 14 and 21 days.
      Polysialo gangliosides (GT1) constitute the major fraction of gangliosides at 21
      days in undernourished rats as compared to controls, whereas mono- and di-sialo
      gangliosides remained decreased at all three ages compared to controls. This
      indicates the possibility of an underlying metabolic defect in undernourished
      animals.

PMID- 3841096
TI  - Botulinum chemodenervation for strabismus and other disorders.

PMID- 3841097
TI  - The recognition of psychological disturbance in a sexually transmitted diseases
      clinic.
AB  - This study examined the rate of psychological disturbance in a series of new
      patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Forty three per
      cent of patients were identified as probable psychiatric cases by the General
      Health Questionnaire. Medical staff in the clinic were asked to assess patients'
      level of psychological disturbance. Disagreement between GHQ and doctors' ratings
      occurred in 41% of patients. Some patient and doctor characteristics were
      examined that might be associated with disagreement, and the results are
      discussed in terms of possible social--psychological influences upon doctors'
      recognition of psychological disturbance.

PMID- 3841098
TI  - Digital synthesis of lung nodules.
AB  - Studies evaluating observer accuracy and visual perception of pulmonary nodules
      usually are based upon test films obtained from clinical practice in patients
      with proven pulmonary nodules. Unfortunately, such nodules do not always occur in
      the optimal size and location to facilitate testing. Such studies would be
      enhanced by the ability to place nodules of desired size and location on chest
      radiographs. This report describes a method of placing a computer-generated
      (synthesized) nodule on a digitized chest radiograph. To demonstrate the
      similarity of these synthesized nodules to real nodules, each digitized
      radiograph with a computer-generated nodule was paired with a digitized chest
      radiograph of a patient with a clinically proven pulmonary nodule. A total of 22
      pairs of chest radiographs were then shown to 13 radiologists, who were asked to
      distinguish the synthesized nodule from the real nodule. With this two
      alternative forced-choice test, the radiologists were only able to distinguish
      the synthesized nodule in 51% of the cases, strongly suggesting that computer
      generated nodules may be used to simulate real pulmonary nodules in future tests
      of nodule detection.

PMID- 3841099
TI  - Catabolism of purine ribonucleotides and glucocorticoid hormones in the rat.
AB  - We have studied, in vivo, the catabolism of purine nucleotides (inosinic,
      guanylic and adenylic acid) in the rat and its regulation by the glucocorticoid
      hormones, following the behavior of liver xanthine oxidase and the incorporation
      of formate-14C into urinary allantoin. An original method for purification of
      urinary allantoin has been developed. A slight acceleration of purine catabolism
      in adrenalectomized rats--both treated and untreated with corticosterone--was
      observed, while the normal behavior was restored during cortisone and cortisol
      treatment. The liver xanthine oxidase activity is unchanged in the different
      conditions. We conclude that the glucocorticoid hormones have only a slight, not
      relevant and probably not specific effect on purine catabolism in the whole body.

PMID- 3841100
TI  - Promotion by tetrameric catechoylamide ligands and CaNa3-DTPA of the dissociation
      in vitro of the Pu-transferrin complex formed after intravenous injection of Pu
      tri-N-butylphosphate.

PMID- 3841101
TI  - Hemoglobin Daneshgah-Tehran or alpha 2(72) (EF1) His----Arg beta 2 in an
      Argentinean family.

PMID- 3841102
TI  - Retrograde tracing of neural pathways with a protein-gold complex. I. Light
      microscopic detection after silver intensification.
AB  - In this study I have used a tracer complex made of wheat germ agglutinin
      horseradish peroxidase conjugate (WGA*HRP) coupled to colloidal gold for
      retrograde tracing of neuronal pathways at the light microscopic level.
      Visualization of the gold was achieved by silver precipitation (the gold silver
      intensification method) with gold particles acting as specific cores of
      nucleation. The presence of horseradish peroxidase in the protein conjugate
      allowed this method to be compared with classical histochemistry using
      tetramethylbenzidine as a chromogen. The gold silver intensification method
      proved to be reliable, specific and sensitive. It has been demonstrated to be
      useful with fixatives containing a high percentage of paraformaldehyde and
      compatible with histochemical procedures to show projections of transmitter
      specific pathways.

PMID- 3841103
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of uteroglobin immunoreactivity in rabbit lung and
      endometrium, and rat ventral prostate.
AB  - Recent biochemical studies have demonstrated amino acid sequence homologies
      between uteroglobin from rabbit endometrium and prostatic binding protein from
      rat ventral prostate. We have studied the ultrastructural distribution of
      uteroglobin-immunoreactive material in rabbit lung and endometrium and rat
      ventral prostate using an uteroglobin antibody raised in guinea pigs. Secretory
      granules of bronchiolar Clara cells, endometrial non-ciliated cells and rat
      prostate secretory cells gave a positive immunoreaction when this antibody was
      used. The results indicate a close relationship of immunoreactive epitopes of
      proteins present in those secretory cells. The functional properties of these
      proteins (glycoproteins, steroid binding, androgen-dependent secretion) suggest a
      close functional relationship, for instance a surface action such as coating,
      capping, masking or lubrication.

PMID- 3841105
TI  - Colleges of osteopathic medicine: a profile of growth.

PMID- 3841104
TI  - Lectin-binding patterns in the developing tooth.
AB  - The lectin-binding patterns of the cells involved in amelogenesis and
      dentinogenesis in developing teeth of rats were studied. Undifferentiated
      odontogenic epithelia exhibited very slight staining with almost all of the
      lectins examined. The lectin-staining affinities of secretory ameloblasts could
      be divided into two categories: Concanavalin-A (Con-A), Wheat germ agglutinin
      (WGA) and Soybean agglutinin (SBA) binding occurred from the middle to apical
      cytoplasm, whereas Ricinus communis agglutinin-I (RCA-I) and Ulex europeus I (UEA
      I) binding predominated in the basal regions. The cells of the stratum
      intermedium exhibited relatively strange lectin staining, which appeared to be
      dependent on ameloblastic maturation. The basement membranes in undifferentiated
      epithelia were markedly positive for lectin binding. Odontoblasts showed moderate
      Con-A staining on the apical side of the cells, as well as slight-to-moderate
      reactions with WGA and SBA. Pulp cells and dental papillae showed slight-to
      moderate lectin staining, and predentin and dentin were also moderately positive
      for Con-A and RCA-I binding and slightly so for WGA and SBA. The lectin-binding
      affinities were enhanced during the formation of enamel and dentin, and appeared
      to be dependent on the degree of cellular differentiation in ameloblasts and
      odontoblasts.

PMID- 3841106
TI  - Trends in postdoctoral training.

PMID- 3841107
TI  - The AOA continuing medical education program: the new provisions.

PMID- 3841108
TI  - Osteopathic certification: the question of jurisdiction.

PMID- 3841109
TI  - Osteopathic research priorities.

PMID- 3841110
TI  - A model curriculum for the internship year and the first-year residency in
      osteopathic general practice: a progress report.

PMID- 3841111
TI  - Viscerosomatic reflexes: a review.

PMID- 3841112
TI  - Can a computer dream?

PMID- 3841113
TI  - Effect of ivermectin on murine mites.
AB  - Two SC injections of ivermectin (200 micrograms/kg of body weight), given one
      week apart, safely and effectively eliminated mite infestations (Myocoptes
      musculinus and Myobia musculi) from laboratory mice. When one 200 micrograms/kg
      or one 100 micrograms/kg injection of ivermectin was given to the mice, mite
      infestations were reduced temporarily.

PMID- 3841114
TI  - Ivermectin treatment of lice infestations in two elephant species.

PMID- 3841115
TI  - Treatment of sarcoptic mange in a dromedary camel.

PMID- 3841116
TI  - Lymphosarcoma in a llama.

PMID- 3841117
TI  - Neodymium:YAG laser interaction with intraocular lenses: an in vitro toxicity
      assay.
AB  - Use of the Nd:YAG laser is an effective technique to open an opacified posterior
      lens capsule. However, in the presence of a posterior chamber intraocular lens
      (IOL), precise focusing of the laser on the capsule is required to avoid pitting
      the lens optic. The question has been raised whether toxic products may result
      from laser damage to the IOL. We addressed this issue in the present study by
      exposing primary human corneal endothelial cell and human corneal organ cultures
      to solutions produced by purposefully hitting IOLs immersed in cell growth medium
      with a Nd:YAG laser. The lenses studied were lathe-cut polymethylmethacrylate
      (PMMA), injection-molded non-UV PMMA, injection-molded UV PMMA, and cast-molded
      UV PMMA. Samples of each material were irradiated in a holder containing 1 ml of
      cell culture medium using the following conditions: 5, 10, and 50 laser bursts at
      10 millijoules (mJ), and 50 laser bursts at 5 mJ. The solutions were applied to
      the endothelial cell cultures (all materials) and to the corneal organ cultures
      (injection-molded non-UV lenses only). There was no toxicity in either assay for
      any of the materials studied.

PMID- 3841118
TI  - Intraocular lens damage associated with posterior capsulotomy: a comparison of
      intraocular lens designs and four different Nd:YAG laser instruments.
AB  - A comparison of intraocular lens damage associated with four different Nd:YAG
      laser instruments was performed using polarized light, scanning electron
      microscopy, and a qualitative measurement of optical resolution. Five intraocular
      lens designs, each of which provided a different separation between the
      intraocular lens and a model of the posterior capsule, were tested with each
      laser instrument. There was no statistically significant difference in the
      frequency of lens pitting caused by each laser. Intraocular lenses designed with
      a theoretical separation of 0.25 mm or more between the lens and the posterior
      capsule sustained no damage with any of the laser instruments used in this study.

PMID- 3841119
TI  - Neodymium:YAG laser cutting of intraocular lens haptics.
AB  - Neodymium:YAG laser cutting of polymethylmethacrylate and polypropylene anterior
      chamber and posterior chamber intraocular lens haptics was studied in terms of
      ease of transection and physical structure of the cut areas as seen by scanning
      electron microscopy. A marked difference was discovered, with the
      polymethylmethacrylate cutting easily along transverse planes, whereas the
      polypropylene resisted cutting along longitudinal fibers. Clinical guidelines are
      presented.

PMID- 3841120
TI  - Neodymium:YAG laser capsulotomy of secondary membranes in the pediatric
      population.
AB  - Posterior capsulotomy is occasionally performed at the conclusion of
      extracapsular cataract extraction because of the high incidence of secondary
      membrane formation. Using a Nd:YAG laser we successfully performed posterior
      capsulotomies on 16 children who developed secondary membranes following
      extracapsular cataract extraction in which the posterior capsule was left intact.
      Eleven patients had congenital cataracts and five had acquired cataracts. The
      youngest patient was four years. All had improvement in visual acuity. Preserving
      most of the posterior capsule provides additional support to the eye and has been
      associated with a decreased incidence of cystoid macular edema. It also allows
      secondary implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens in the future.

PMID- 3841121
TI  - PD 118,576: a new antitumor macrolide antibiotic.
AB  - The isolation and properties of PD 118,576, a new cytotoxic antibiotic obtained
      from the culture broth of a Streptomyces sp., are described. The structure of
      this compound was established by spectral analyses of the parent compound and its
      tri-O-acetyl derivative. PD 118,576 proved to be related to the bafilomycins and
      therefore is a new member of this recently discovered family of macrolide
      antibiotics.

PMID- 3841122
TI  - Biphenomycins A and B, novel peptide antibiotics. I. Taxonomy, fermentation,
      isolation and characterization.
AB  - Biphenomycin A, C23H28N4O8, and biphenomycin B, C23H28N4O7, were isolated from
      the cultured broth of Streptomyces griseorubiginosus No. 43708. The antibiotics
      are active in vitro and in vivo against bacteria, and are especially potent
      against Gram-positive bacteria. The acute toxicity of biphenomycin A is very low
      in mice.

PMID- 3841123
TI  - Biphenomycins A and B, novel peptide antibiotics. II. Structural elucidation of
      biphenomycins A and B.
AB  - The structures of biphenomycins A and B, novel peptide antibiotics produced by a
      strain of Streptomyces, have been established as 1 and 2, respectively, on the
      basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence. They are unique in that they are
      cyclic peptides containing a biphenyl moiety included in a 15-membered ring and
      show potent antibacterial activities especially against Gram-positive bacteria.

PMID- 3841124
TI  - Antiviral activity and its mechanism of guanine 7-N-oxide on DNA and RNA viruses
      derived from salmonid.
AB  - Guanine 7-N-oxide produced by Streptomyces sp. was found to inhibit in vitro the
      replication of herpes virus (Oncorhynchus masou virus, OMV), rhabdo virus
      (infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, IHNV) and a bi-segmented double-strand
      virus (infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, IPNV) derived from salmonids with
      IC50 values of about 10 micrograms/ml, 20 micrograms/ml and 32 micrograms/ml,
      respectively. The agent was not toxic for the host cells (chinook salmon embryo,
      CHSE-214) at the IC50 concentrations. Labeling of IHNV viral RNA and host
      cellular DNA and RNA with [3H]uridine and [3H]thymidine during drug treatment
      showed that guanine 7-N-oxide did not reduce the incorporation of these precusors
      into RNA and DNA. The anti-IHNV activity of guanine 7-N-oxide was enhanced
      synergistically by neplanocin A, an inhibitor of RNA methylation. The mechanism
      of action of guanine 7-N-oxide is discussed, in regard to maturation of viral
      messenger RNA including capping.

PMID- 3841125
TI  - Hashimoto's thyroiditis associated with Hoffman's syndrome and acute
      cricoarytenoid arthritis.

PMID- 3841126
TI  - Pharmacologic assessment of regimen chemosensitivity in the soft-agar assay:
      effect of oxygen on human tumors.
AB  - The influence of oxygen on the growth and the in vitro chemosensitivity of human
      tumor cells was studied in the soft-agar assay. Tumor cells of pancreatic and
      ovarian origin prefer a reduced oxygen atmosphere for colony formation, whereas
      those of pulmonary origin grow better in 20% oxygen. Depending on the physiologic
      oxygen tension and the histologic origin of a particular cancer type, the in
      vitro chemosensitivity of many drug obtained with the conventional culture system
      could be inadequately assessed. The in vitro responses of tumor cells to
      combinations of drugs were measured by the regimen efficacy index (REI) method.
      The REI delineates the possible regimen enhancement or regimen default based on
      the in vitro chemosensitivity of the individual agents tested in the assay. In
      vitro regimen enhancement was observed only in ascites incubated in a reduced
      oxygen atmosphere with two-drug combinations. However, regardless of the oxygen
      gradients used, regimen default was seen in cancer cells of solid tumors treated
      with all combinations of drugs tested. This study suggests further investigation
      on the effects of oxygen in the soft-agar assay, and proposes the novel use of
      the REI method for evaluating the in vitro regimen chemosensitivity of human
      tumor cells.

PMID- 3841127
TI  - Monitoring immunocompetent cells in the peripheral blood of stomach cancer
      patients after splenectomy and gastrectomy.
AB  - The status of lymphocyte subpopulations in splenectomized (Sx) stomach cancer
      patients (SCa-patients), assessed by monoclonal antibodies, has not been
      evaluated so far. Therefore subsets of peripheral white blood cells were
      monitored prior to and following surgical treatment in gastrectomized (Gx) and Sx
      (n = 64) as well as in non-Sx patients (n = 39). Postoperative surgical
      complications were more frequent in the Sx group. However, the 2-year survival
      rate of this group was higher than in non-Sx patients. Lymphocytes were
      significantly decreased in both groups of patients during the early postoperative
      period. Monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) increased correspondingly. A
      significant loss of lymphocytes and their subsets in Sx patients was observed
      during the 1st-3rd postoperative days as compared to the Gx only patients. The
      OKT4/OKT8 ratios did not differ in either group of patients, whereas the
      OKT3+anti-B-Ly2 ratio was significantly increased in Sx patients 1 to 3 days
      postoperatively.

PMID- 3841128
TI  - Effect of polybrene on isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis from clinical
      specimens.
AB  - Polybrene treatment of McCoy cells was used to increase the infectivity of
      Chlamydia trachomatis in vitro. The isolation rate for C. trachomatis in 500
      specimens from males and females attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic
      and other clinics increased by 6.8% with the Polybrene treatment. The data also
      suggested that this treatment facilitated the diagnosis of low grade or latent
      infections.

PMID- 3841129
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D increases calmodulin binding to specific proteins in the
      chick duodenal brush border membrane.
AB  - In previous studies we demonstrated that the biologically active vitamin D
      metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] increased the calmodulin (CaM)
      content of chick duodenal brush border membranes (BBM) without increasing the
      total cellular CaM content. Therefore, we evaluated the binding of CaM to
      discrete proteins in the BBM and determined whether 1,25(OH)2D could influence
      such binding. We observed one major and several minor CaM-binding bands on
      autoradiograms of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels incubated with
      [125I]CaM. The major band had a molecular weight of 102,000-105,000. It bound CaM
      even in the presence of EGTA, but not in the presence of trifluoperazine or
      excess nonradioactive CaM. The administration of 1,25(OH)2D increased the
      apparent binding of CaM to this protein as assessed by densitometry of the
      autoradiogram. This increase in CaM binding coincided with the increased ability
      of the same BBM vesicles to accumulate calcium. Cycloheximide in doses that
      markedly reduced the incorporation of [35S]methionine into BBM proteins did not
      reduce the ability of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to stimulate either calcium uptake
      by the BBM vesicles or CaM binding to the 102,000-105,000-mol-wt protein. These
      results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D administration increases the CaM content of
      duodenal BBM by increasing the ability of a 102,000-105,000-mol-wt protein to
      bind CaM. This mechanism may underlie the ability of 1,25(OH)2D to stimulate
      calcium movement across the intestinal BBM.

PMID- 3841130
TI  - Effect of meals on the kinetics of etretinate.
AB  - Eight healthy men received 100 mg oral doses of etretinate separated by two-week
      washout periods in an open, randomized, crossover study. Etretinate was
      administered during a complete fast, with a standard high fat breakfast, a
      standard high carbohydrate breakfast, and 16 ounces of whole milk. Plasma samples
      were obtained at specific times over a 48-hour period. Plasma concentrations of
      etretinate as well as two of its major metabolites were determined by a specific,
      reverse-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography method. Plasma
      concentrations of etretinate were greater when administered with a high fat meal
      and whole milk compared to ingestion with a high carbohydrate meal or during a
      complete fast. In contrast, there was no increase in the plasma concentrations of
      the active metabolites following any of the meals. These data indicate that
      chronic dosing of etretinate with milk or a high fat meal compared with fasting
      conditions will result in higher concentrations of etretinate, which may
      ultimately lead to higher metabolite concentrations.

PMID- 3841131
TI  - The afferent connections of the substantia innominata in the monkey, Macaca
      fascicularis.
AB  - The afferent connections of the substantia innominata and the magnocellular
      nuclei within it (the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band, NHDB,
      and the nucleus basalis of Meynert, NBM) have been studied with anterograde and
      retrograde axonal tracing techniques. Prominent inputs arise in the amygdaloid
      complex, restricted areas of the cerebral cortex, parts of the thalamus and
      hypothalamus, and nuclei of the lower brainstem. Autoradiographic tracing
      experiments indicate that the amygdaloid fibers are distributed throughout the
      NHDB and the NBM, and to a lesser extent to the ventral pallidum. Relatively few
      fibers innervate the more medially located nucleus of the vertical limb of the
      diagonal band (NVDB) and the medial septal nucleus. Visualization of the
      amygdalofugal fibers with the tracer PHA-L (Phaseolus vulgaris leuco-agglutinin)
      shows that they have varicosities resembling boutons en passant along their
      length in the substantia innominata. Retrograde tracing experiments using WGA-HRP
      indicate that the cells of origin of the projection from the amygdala are
      concentrated in the parvicellular basal nucleus, the caudal part of the
      magnocellular basal nucleus, the magnocellular accessory basal nucleus, and the
      central nucleus. Relatively few fibers to the substantia innominata arise in the
      rostrodorsal part of the magnocellular basal nucleus, or in the lateral or
      parvicellular accessory basal nuclei. Cortical cells projecting to the substantia
      innominata were retrogradely labeled in the orbitofrontal cortex (including areas
      11-14 and 25), the rostral insula (especially the agranular area), the
      rostroventral temporal cortex (including areas 35, 36, and parts of TG and TE),
      and the piriform and entorhinal cortices. The projections from the orbital and
      rostral temporal cortex were confirmed with anterograde tracers. Projections to
      the substantia innominata were not found from the more lateral, dorsal or caudal
      parts of the cerebral cortex, although fibers from temporal area TA may pass
      through the dendritic field of the most caudal cells of the NBM. Diencephalic
      cells projecting to the substantia innominata are distributed diffusely
      throughout the preoptic area and hypothalamus, with higher concentration in the
      lateral preoptic area and in the pre-, supra-, and tubero-mammillary nuclei.
      Cells are also found in the midline thalamic nuclei and in the region between the
      peripeduncular and subparafascicular nuclei.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3841132
TI  - The somatotopic organization of forelimb cutaneous nerves in the brachial dorsal
      horn: an anatomical study in the cat.
AB  - The projection of forelimb cutaneous nerves to the brachial dorsal horn was
      studied in the cat by the transganglionic transport method. The results
      demonstrate a precise somatotopic termination pattern. Afferent nerves from the
      paw occupy the largest area, with the palm represented most medially in the
      dorsal horn, followed progressively more laterally by the representations for the
      palmar and dorsal surfaces of the digits and the dorsum of the paw. The digits
      are represented in a longitudinal sequence, with the first digit in the caudal
      part of C6 and the fifth in the caudal part of C8. The projections of the wrist
      and arm are split, with the line of discontinuity located along the ventral
      surface of the limb, so that the radial side is represented rostral to the paw
      and the ulnar side caudal to the paw, with the dorsal surface of the arm
      represented lateral to the paw. Nerves innervating the skin of the back project
      to the lateralmost part of the dorsal horn. The degree of overlap or separation
      of the terminal fields of the nerves along the mediolateral axis of the dorsal
      horn seems to correspond to the degree of overlap or separation of the peripheral
      innervation fields. However, along the rostrocaudal axis there appears to be an
      overlap for which there is no counterpart peripherally.

PMID- 3841133
TI  - Cutaneous non-X histiocytosis: clinical and histologic features and response to
      dermabrasion.
AB  - A 22-year-old man presented with a progressive cutaneous eruption consisting of
      reddish-yellow papules and plaques on his face, which was histopathologically
      characteristic of a non-X histiocytosis. No systemic involvement was present.
      Monoclonal antibody staining of the tissue infiltrate was strongly positive for
      only OKT6. On electron microscopy, Langerhans (Birbeck) granules were not found.
      Four years of conservative treatment was unsuccessful. Spontaneous involution did
      not occur. Dermabrasion not only produced excellent cosmetic results, but on
      rebiopsy the histiocytic infiltrate was absent. There has been no recurrence in
      treated areas after 18 months.

PMID- 3841134
TI  - [Interaction of mutant white, aphakia and ocular retardation genes in the mouse].

PMID- 3841135
TI  - The hepatotoxicity of carbon disulphide in sheep.
AB  - Carbon Disulphide (CS2) caused liver injury when dosed orally (intraruminally) at
      0.05 ml per kg body weight to overnight fasted sheep which had been given 200 mg
      kg-1 DDT intraruminally 1 week previously to enhance the hepatic mixed function
      oxygenases. The liver lesion was a periacinar hepatocellular vacuolar
      degeneration, fully developed at 24 h and lasting from 4 to 5 days after which
      the hepatic morphology returned to normal. At 24 h after dosing with CS2 there
      was an increase in total liver water, sodium and potassium ions but without an
      increase in the concentration of these cations in total liver water, and a 50%
      reduction in microsomal cytochrome P450 levels. Calcium concentration was either
      unchanged or only slightly increased. The cytoplasmic vacuoles were mainly
      distensions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and contained fine amorphous or
      fibrillary material, probably originating from damaged smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum membranes. The transient influx of fluid into these organelles is
      thought to be due to osmotic action generated by molecules derived from the
      latter macromolecular membrane fragments. The lesion resembles that seen in the
      rat due to CS2 after pretreatment with phenobarbitone. In situations in which
      sheep are drenched with CS2 and CCl4 in combination, it is suggested that the
      development of hepatic periacinar hydropic change due to the CS2 in animals
      normally susceptible to CCl4 because of enhanced microsomal cytochrome P450
      levels would provide a better chance of survival than if CCl4 alone was
      administered and extensive periacinar coagulative necrosis occurred.

PMID- 3841137
TI  - [Fetal sinusoidal cardiac rhythm].
AB  - The authors describe a case of fetal sinusoidal cardiac rhythm which was observed
      during a feto-maternal transfusion. This type of cardiographic tracing is found
      similarly in certain cases of severe fetal anaemia or of isolated fetal hypoxia.
      It is also found in amnionitis and associated with various iatrogenic factors
      such as the administration of general anaesthesia and fetoscopy. The literature
      does not show a consensus when trying to find the criteria for defining this type
      of rhythm. The aetiology of the pathological condition is much in dispute. The
      prognosis does not have to be all that serious. In conclusion, the authors
      suggest the attitude of management to lessen the poor prognosis of these
      sinusoidal rhythms and help towards a favourable outcome.

PMID- 3841136
TI  - Hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease and due to autonomous goiter.
AB  - An attempt was made to classify 326 patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves'
      disease and due to autonomous goiter in an area of endemic iodine deficient
      goiter using the following two sets of criteria: Primary criteria: the presence
      of endocrine ophthalmopathy (Graves' disease) and the absence of endocrine
      ophthalmopathy and the absence of microsomal antibodies greater than or equal to
      1:1600 (autonomous goiter). Sixty-nine percent of the patients could be divided
      in the two groups with the aid of these criteria. Secondary criteria: age greater
      than 50 years, presence of a goiter, presence of thyroid nodules, activity
      distribution in the scan, iodine intake determined by iodine excretion in the
      urine. These criteria had to be applied in the 31% of the patients who could not
      be divided into one of the two groups using the primary criteria. The secondary
      criteria were accumulative. Using these criteria 55% of the 326 patients were
      classified as having Graves' disease and 45% as having autonomous goiter. The
      probability of correct grouping when both primary and secondary criteria were
      applied was estimated to be 90% compared to 54% when we used only the classical
      terms, i.e. endocrine ophthalmopathy and diffuse goiter on the one hand and
      multinodular goiter without endocrine ophthalmopathy on the other hand. In a
      second group of 120 hyperthyroid patients classified in this way, thyrotropin
      displacing activity was determined independently. Its prevalence was 79% in
      patients classified as having Graves' disease but only 3% in those classified as
      having autonomous goiter. The prevalence of TDA observed in patients who
      presumably had autonomous goiter was in the same range as in the following
      groups: 45 normal individuals; 126 patients with euthyroid goiter; and in 112
      patients with euthyroid and hyperthyroid autonomous adenoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3841138
TI  - [Tubal choriocarcinoma: a case].
AB  - The authors report a case history of a tubal choriocarcinoma occurring in a woman
      of 38 years of age. This was 6 years after her second and last pregnancy and was
      diagnosed before operation. A summary of the complementary examinations is
      presented: An ultrasound showing a non-specific mass whose value therefore was
      somewhat limited; A hysterosalpingogram which showed an irregular tubal image
      suggestive of a cancer of the tube; Pelvic arteriography that made the signs of
      choriocarcinoma fairly clear. Discussion then developed in looking at the
      literature of those diagnostic features that are usually made. Most often this is
      by laparatomy when a ruptured extra-uterine pregnancy is suspected or when
      suspicion rests on a twisted ovarian cyst, a uterine fibroid, a tubo-ovarian
      abscess or blood in the peritoneal cavity in the third trimester of pregnancy,
      treatment, which is best given as a combination of surgery and chemotherapy, and
      pathogenic aetiology. It does seem that there are two principal mechanisms, the
      first being a malignant transformation of a tubal pregnancy, or a choriocarcinoma
      arising de novo without an ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 3841139
TI  - Blood velocities to the female breast during lactation and following oxytocin
      injections.
AB  - A heterodyne pulsed doppler velocitymeter was used to measure blood velocities in
      the mammary branch of the lateral thoracic artery during breast-feeding and after
      oxytocin injections. A few heart beats before the mother felt the milk-ejection
      reflex, blood velocities fell rapidly by 40-50%, and then increased during the
      next 1-2 min. Synthetic oxytocin was given intravenously to lactating women, both
      in doses believed to be physiological in milk-ejection and larger, and the same
      velocity changes occurred. Synthetic oxytocin was also given to non-lactating
      women who had never been pregnant or who had breast-fed previously and to one
      man. In these a rapid increase in velocity was observed after about a half a
      minute, lasting for 1-2 min. In addition to the short-term effects of breast
      feeding, blood velocity increased rapidly towards the end of nursing or a few
      minutes afterwards, with a maximal increase of 25-50%. It then slowly returned to
      pre-nursing values during the following 30-60 min. This pattern was seen in both
      breasts, independent of which breast the infant had been sucking.

PMID- 3841140
TI  - Changes in the corpora cavernosa of impotent diabetics: comparing histological
      with clinical findings.
AB  - In our study, the histological findings showed significant pathological fibrosis
      affecting the penile arteries and erectile tissue, but no direct damage to the
      penile nerve fibers. Forty percent of our patients with clinical evidence of
      penile neuropathies showed no histological evidence to support a neurogenic
      mechanism of their impotence. In addition, to the consistent vascular lesion
      found in 90 percent of impotent diabetics in our study, a fibroproliferation of
      the erectile tissue was predominantly found as well. Our histopathological study
      seemed to correlate with our previous clinical finding. Does this confirmation of
      the vascular etiology as a primary cause of impotence in diabetics have practical
      application? The answer must be "yes". If new diagnostic developments contribute
      to making an earlier diagnosis of this disease, then more conservative or
      aggressive treatment of the impotent diabetic will become a reality.

PMID- 3841141
TI  - [Nephritogenic glycopeptide (nephritogenoside): its existence in the urine of
      toxemia patients].
AB  - Previously we reported that we succeeded in isolating from human full term
      placenta, glycopeptide which was immunologically the same as nephritogenic
      glycopeptide (Nephritogenoside) prepared from human renal GBM (glomerular
      basement membrane). This time to clarify the correlation between the pathology of
      toxemia and Nephritogenoside, we examined the existence of Nephritogenoside in
      the urine of toxemia patients. To purify Nephritogenoside from the urine powder
      of toxemia patients, we use the same procedures (enzyme digestion, Con A affinity
      column chromatography e.t.c.) as used in purifying Nephritogenoside from human
      full term placental TrBM (trophoblast basement membrane). In the urine of toxemia
      patients we clarified the existence of glycopeptide, which had specific affinity
      with Con A and was immunologically the same as Nephritogenoside. The existence of
      Nephritogenoside in the urine of toxemia patients further strengthened the
      possibility of a relationship between Nephritogenoside and the pathology of
      toxemia.

PMID- 3841142
TI  - [Full-dose CHOP chemotherapy--feasibility and influence upon radiotherapy].

PMID- 3841143
TI  - The use of a computer in a hand clinic.
AB  - We have developed a computerised system for the storage, retrieval and analysis
      of the workload of a hand clinic. In a study of 800 patients we have found it
      superior to a punched card system collecting similar information. The computer
      system functioned reliably and achieved its user specification. It should prove a
      useful tool in helping a surgeon in matters of audit, research and disease or
      accident prevention but its long term performance in this regard requires
      evaluation.

PMID- 3841144
TI  - [Abdominal aortic aneurysm due to Salmonella. Apropos of a rupture case treated
      surgically with an in situ prosthesis].
AB  - A patient with ruptured aneurysm of the infrarenal abdominal aorta was treated by
      reestablishing arterial continuity, by means of a prosthesis in situ, and has
      been followed up for 16 months. This type of lesion raises difficulties with
      respect to surgical strategy, conventional treatment consisting of total
      resection of sac with infrarenal ligature of abdominal aorta combined with
      revascularization by extra-anatomic bypass surgery. Results in the case reported
      were positive and demonstrate that the operation performed may be a valid
      alternative if, after effective long-term antibiotic therapy, findings on
      clinical, biologic and ultrasound follow-up reviews remain normal.

PMID- 3841145
TI  - Review of hospital data processing in the United States (1982-1984).

PMID- 3841146
TI  - Detection and characterization of spatial pattern in chimaeric tissue.
AB  - The mosaic pattern of patches of crypts of Lieberkuhn in chimaeric C57BL/6JLac
      (B6)----DDK mouse small intestine, demonstrated using Dolichos biflorus
      agglutinin as strain-specific marker, is quantitatively examined using the Greig
      Smith analysis of variance. This analysis, widely used in ecological research,
      provides a method to detect and characterize pattern at various scales. The
      analysis demonstrates that B6 patches are non-randomly distributed at all scales
      examined. A consistent increase in the intensity of pattern at one particular
      scale over all replicate samples identifies 'clusters of clusters' which probably
      are territories of 'descendent' clones. The sizes of descendent clones, either in
      terms of numbers of patches or total numbers of crypts, are highly variable. A
      steady reduction in the strength of pattern from proximal to distal is found. The
      Greig-Smith analysis of variance provides a valuable method for the analysis of
      pattern in chimaeric tissue.

PMID- 3841147
TI  - 14 beta-Hydroxygelsedine, a new oxindole alkaloid from Gelsemium sempervirens.
AB  - An extract of the stem of Gelsemium sempervirens has afforded a new oxindole
      alkaloid, 14 beta-hydroxygelsedine, whose structure and stereochemistry were
      deduced by spectral methods, principally high resolution 1H nmr, 2-D COSY, and
      decoupling experiments.

PMID- 3841148
TI  - The isolation and characterization of a new tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloid
      from Corydalis clarkei.
AB  - The MeOH extract of Corydalis clarkei Prain yielded two tetrahydroprotoberberine
      alkaloids that bear the unusual 1,2- and 9, 10-tetraoxygenated substitution
      pattern observed previously only in caseanidine . The alkaloids have been
      identified as caseanidine (1) and the new alkaloid, clarkeanidine (2). The 1H-
      and 13C-nmr shifts of both alkaloids have been assigned unambiguously using 2-D
      nmr. The elucidation of the structure of 2 was achieved by comparison of the 1H-
      and 13C-nmr spectra of 2 with those of caseanidine coupled with additional
      spectroscopic evidence.

PMID- 3841149
TI  - Delayed onset dystonia.

PMID- 3841150
TI  - Metabolism of leucine in fibroblasts from patients with deficiencies in each of
      the major catabolic enzymes: branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase, isovaleryl
      CoA dehydrogenase, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA
      hydratase, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase.
AB  - The metabolism of leucine was studied in cultured human fibroblasts derived from
      patients with defects in each of the major steps in the catabolism of the amino
      acid. Intact fibroblasts were incubated with [U-14C]leucine and the organic acid
      products were isolated by liquid partition chromatography. In control fibroblasts
      the major product of leucine was 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid. This was also the case
      for fibroblasts with deficiency of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, 3
      methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase and 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase. There was
      little or no accumulation of the compound with fibroblasts from patients with
      maple syrup urine disease and isovaleric acidemia.

PMID- 3841151
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin administered intravenously to cattle.
AB  - Ivermectin, a macrocyclic lactone disaccharide antiparasitic agent, was
      administered intravenously to six young calves (one bull, five steers) as a bolus
      dose of 200 micrograms/kg. The disposition kinetics of ivermectin in cattle can
      be described by a three-compartment open model with elimination from the central
      compartment. Compartmental analysis yielded mean parameters as follows: terminal
      elimination rate constant (beta) = 0.258 d-1, biological half-life (t 1/2 beta) =
      2.7 d; apparent volume of distribution of the central compartment (Vd1) = 0.45
      L/kg; apparent volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) = 2.4 L/kg. The area
      under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) was 254 ng X d/mL.
      Noncompartmental parameters, obtained by utilizing statistical moment theory,
      mean residence time (MRT), clearance (CL), and Vdss were calculated to be 2.8 d,
      0.79 L/kg X d, and 2.2 L/kg, respectively.

PMID- 3841152
TI  - Oral controlled-release delivery of ivermectin in cattle via an osmotic pump.
AB  - Ivermectin, a potent antiparasitic agent with activity against internal and
      external parasites, was delivered to cattle at a controlled zero-order rate for
      35 d via orally administered, specially weighted, ALZET 2ML4 osmotic pumps. The
      osmotic pumps delivered the drug consistently over the trial period. Steady-state
      levels in plasma were achieved in 7-14 d, and plasma concentration depletion
      curves were observed to start at approximately day 35, the theoretical delivery
      lifetime of the osmotic pumps. Bioavailability was estimated to be 40%, and dose
      rate-plasma steady-state interrelationships were shown to be linear.

PMID- 3841153
TI  - Isolation, structural elucidation, and chemical synthesis of 2-hydroxy-3
      octadecyl-5-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (irisoquin), a cytotoxic constituent of Iris
      missouriensis.
AB  - As part of a continuing effort to provide novel agents of potential value in
      cancer chemotherapy, 2-hydroxy-3-octadecyl-5-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (irisoquin)
      was identified as a component of Iris missouriensis. This novel species
      demonstrated cytotoxic activity with cultured KB and P-388 cells (ED50 = 1.8 and
      0.03 microgram/mL, respectively). The structure was assigned on the basis of
      spectral analyses and The structure was assigned on the basis of spectral
      analyses and confirmed by chemical synthesis. The latter provides a facile method
      for the production of irisoquin and structural derivatives that may be of value
      for the examination of structure-activity relationships. A closely related
      compound, 3-octadecyl-5-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (deoxyirisoquin), was also
      isolated from Iris missouriensis, prepared synthetically, and found to be devoid
      of cytotoxic activity.

PMID- 3841154
TI  - Effect of a new hypoglycemic agent (MDL-310) on glucose metabolism.
AB  - N-[3-(dimethylamino)-2-propoxy-2-propenylidene]- N-methylmethanaminium as the
      iodide or camsylate salt (MDL-310) is a newly reported chemical which has been
      shown to produce hypoglycemia in vivo. The studies reported here describe in vivo
      and in vitro effects of MDL-310 on carbohydrate metabolism. In nonfasted mice,
      MDL-310 decreased liver glycogen and then produced hypoglycemia, concomitant with
      a near total depletion of liver glycogen stores. In fasted rats, nonhypoglycemic
      doses of MDL-310 increased glucose production and utilization as determined by
      tracer studies with [6-3H]glucose. Hypoglycemic doses decreased glucose
      production and increased blood lactate, which suggests an inhibition of
      gluconeogenesis. In isolated rat hepatocytes MDL-310, at concentrations of
      greater than or equal to 5 X 10(-6) M, inhibited gluconeogenesis from lactate (10
      mM) plus pyruvate (2 mM). We conclude that the primary action of MDL-310 is to
      increase glucose utilization and that decreased production due to the inhibition
      of gluconeogenesis is involved in the hypoglycemic action. A single metabolic
      action of MDL-310 to increase glycolytic metabolism of glucose is proposed which
      could explain both the increase in glucose utilization and decrease in glucose
      production.

PMID- 3841155
TI  - Regional differences in ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (AF64A)-induced
      deficits in presynaptic cholinergic markers for the rat central nervous system.
AB  - Several highly selective biochemical markers were used to assess the persistent
      central cholinergic dysfunction which accompanies administration of the
      cholinergic neurotoxin ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (AF64A). Rats
      received a single bilateral intracerebroventricular injection of AF64A (3 nmol/3
      microliter/side) or vehicle and measurements were carried out in the cerebral
      cortices, hippocampi and corpora striata at 7 and 21 days postinjection. The drug
      binding sites of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, as revealed by high-affinity
      binding of (-)-[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (a classical muscarinic antagonist),
      [3H]pirenzepine (a selective antagonist of the putative M1 muscarinic receptor
      subclass) and (+)-[3H]cis-methyldioxolane (a potent muscarinic agonist), were not
      significantly affected by AF64A treatment. As reported previously, activity of
      the cholinergic synthetic enzyme choline acetyltransferase was reduced markedly
      (60-65%) in the hippocampi of AF64A-treated rats. A similar reduction was noted
      in high-affinity binding of [3H]hemicholinium-3 (a putative radioligand for
      sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake sites on cholinergic nerve
      terminals) in hippocampal membranes (59-65%). However, in the cerebral cortex,
      these presynaptic cholinergic markers were differentially altered by AF64A
      pretreatment (choline acetyltransferase, unchanged; [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding,
      reduced by 59-65%). These results indicate that a single intracerebroventricular
      injection of AF64A promotes biochemical and possibly functional deficits in
      presynaptic cholinergic nerve terminals distal from the injection site while
      having minimal influences upon muscarinic cholinergic receptor populations.

PMID- 3841156
TI  - Differential ontogeny of putative M1 and M2 muscarinic receptor binding sites in
      the murine cerebral cortex and heart.
AB  - Studies with [3H]pirenzepine [( 3H]PZ) suggest that this nonclassical muscarinic
      antagonist selectively identifies putative M1 muscarinic receptors. We now
      compare the ontogeny of these putative M1 sites, identified by high-affinity
      [3H]PZ binding, with sites identified by the classical antagonist (-)
      [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ((-)-[3H]QNB) in murine cerebral cortical and cardiac
      homogenates. Dissociation constants (Kd) for [3H]PZ (2.1-6 nM in the cortex and
      2.0-21 nM in the heart) and for (-)-[3H]QNB (10-28 pM in the cortex and 10-39 pM
      in the heart) are similar in adult and neonatal tissues, whereas receptor density
      (maximum binding, femtomoles per milligram of protein) varies significantly.
      Cerebral cortical [3H]PZ binding rises from 14% at birth, to 88% of adult levels
      by day 14, peaks at 128% at day 28 and falls to the mean adult level of 606
      fmol/mg of protein. Cerebral cortical (-)-[3H]QNB binding parallels [3H]PZ
      binding. Conversely, parallel studies show cardiac (-)-[3H]QNB density is 3- to
      17-fold greater than the comparable density of high-affinity [3H]PZ binding sites
      throughout ontogeny. We conclude that: 1) the high ratio of [3H]PZ binding to (-)
      [3H]QNB binding identifies the murine cerebral cortex as a tissue which contains
      predominantly putative M1 muscarinic binding sites; 2) the relatively low ratio
      of [3H]PZ binding to (-)-[3H]QNB binding throughout ontogeny identifies the
      murine heart as a tissue which contains primarily the putative M2 muscarinic
      binding site; and 3) M1 and M2 receptor binding sites show distinct developmental
      curves in the cerebral cortex and heart.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3841157
TI  - Reliability of urinary pregnancy tests in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.
AB  - Recently a new generation of urinary pregnancy tests with increased sensitivity
      and specificity for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) was introduced.
      The clinical sensitivity of seven of these tests was evaluated in patients with
      surgically proven ectopic pregnancy. Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
      (Tandem Visual, Hybritech; Mod C1, Monoclonal Antibodies), with a sensitivity of
      50 mIU of beta-HCG, were positive in 90% of ectopic pregnancies. The three-tube
      tests (Sensitex, Roche; UCG Beta Stat, Wampole; beta-Neocept, Organon), with a
      sensitivity of 150-250 mIU of beta-HCG, were positive in 81-85% of ectopic
      pregnancies. Two slide tests (UCG Beta Slide, Wampole, and Sensislide, Roche),
      with a sensitivity of 500-800 mIU of beta-HCG, were positive in 51-61% of ectopic
      pregnancies. Both the immunosorbent assays and the tube tests were statistically
      more sensitive than the slide tests (P less than .001). There was no
      statistically significant increase in sensitivity between the tube tests and the
      immunosorbent assays. The sensitivities of these tube tests in ectopic pregnancy
      are similar to those of tube tests from other manufacturers previously reported
      on.

PMID- 3841158
TI  - Blood feeding and oviposition by tabanids (Diptera) in the laboratory.

PMID- 3841159
TI  - Lack of adverse effect of transovarially acquired La Crosse virus infection on
      the reproductive capacity of Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae).

PMID- 3841160
TI  - Immunogenetic studies in families with rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune
      thyroid disease.
AB  - HLA and Gm typing were carried out in 16 families. Seven families included 10 sib
      pairs with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD)
      respectively, and nine families included 16 sib pairs with RA and circulating
      thyroid autoantibodies respectively. Eight, 11, and seven sib pairs with either
      RA or clinical or immunological evidence of ATD shared none, one, and two HLA
      haplotypes respectively, and two, seven, and two informative sib pairs shared
      none, one, and two Gm haplotypes respectively. This random haplotype sharing of
      HLA and Gm haplotypes suggests that non-HLA, non-Gm linked genes are likely to be
      involved in any genetic predisposition common to RA and ATD.

PMID- 3841161
TI  - Familial complex autosomal translocations involving chromosomes 7, 8, and 9
      exhibiting male and female transmission with segregation and recombination.
AB  - A family showing a complex translocation between chromosomes 7, 8, and 9 with
      breakpoints at 7q21, 7q33, 8p23, and 9p23 is described. The proband had been
      referred because of repeated spontaneous abortions. This is only the second
      family to be ascertained in this way. Twenty-three other cases of complex
      translocations are briefly reviewed, eight of which were de novo in origin and 15
      familial. All but one of the familial cases showed maternal transmission only.
      The present family shows both maternal and paternal transmission and is thought
      to be the first exhibiting recombination from a male carrier. The origin and
      transmission of the complex translocation is followed through three generations.

PMID- 3841162
TI  - Relapse of Graves' disease 23 years after treatment with radioactive iodine
      (131I).
AB  - The use of radioactive iodine (131I) in the treatment of Graves' disease results
      frequently in hypothyroidism requiring thyroid hormone supplementation. Relapse
      of Graves' disease months after inadequate treatment with 131I is well
      recognized. However, late relapse of Graves' disease in a patient rendered
      hypothyroid by 131I years after therapy has not been reported. The authors
      discuss a patient who had a relapse of his Graves' disease 23 yr after treatment
      with 131I. Over the interval the patient had been on 1-thyroxine replacement for
      hypothyroidism and had persistently high levels of long acting thyroid stimulator
      or thyroid stimulating antibody. The authors speculate that the immune nature of
      Graves' disease may play a role in the observed clinical response to 131I.

PMID- 3841163
TI  - The use of ivermectin in the treatment and prevention of infection with
      Parelaphostrongylus tenuis (Dougherty) (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in white
      tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann).

PMID- 3841164
TI  - Psoroptes ovis (Acarina: Psoroptidae) in a Rocky mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis
      canadensis canadensis) in Idaho.

PMID- 3841165
TI  - [Tumor markers in testicular tumors].
AB  - Serum levels of hCG, AFP, CEA and testosterone were measured in 20 patients with
      testicular tumors for an evaluation of their clinical significance as tumor
      markers. HCG was elevated in those with chorional and syncytiotrophoblastic cell
      tumors, but it was also detected in some cases of embryonal carcinoma and
      seminoma, suggesting the presence of hCG-producing elements. AFP was exclusively
      elevated in embryonal and yolk sac tumors. CEA and testosterone were mostly
      normal in all patients. HCG and AFP fluctuated in good correlation with the
      clinical course. Thus, hCG and AFP were valuable tumor markers for testicular
      tumors for the diagnosis of histological type and stage and monitoring the
      therapeutic effect and prognosis.

PMID- 3841166
TI  - [Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of protein C and its
      clinical application].

PMID- 3841167
TI  - [Blood coagulation mechanism from the viewpoint of molecular biochemistry:
      Inhibition mechanism of blood coagulation--especially on the function of
      antithrombin III].

PMID- 3841168
TI  - Enzymes in ornithine-proline metabolic pathway in bovine lens.
AB  - Various enzyme activities related to ornithine metabolism were studied using
      bovine lenses, ie, ornithine ketoacid transaminase, delta-1-pyrroline-5
      carboxylate reductase, and delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase.
      Ornithine ketoacid transaminase activity was found in the lens epithelium; delta
      1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity was high in both lens epithelium and
      cortex plus nucleus; delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity was
      negligible in either lens epithelium or cortex plus nucleus. These results
      suggest that in the bovine lens ornithine is converted to proline by the
      cooperative action of ornithine ketoacid transaminase and delta-1-pyrroline-5
      carboxylate reductase.

PMID- 3841169
TI  - [Surgical treatment of aortic regurgitation associated with annular abscess or
      aneurysm due to bacterial endocarditis].

PMID- 3841170
TI  - Alternatives to CYVADIC-combination therapy of soft tissue sarcomas.
AB  - The CYVADIC combination has been the preferred treatment for soft tissue sarcomas
      for the last 10 years. Other combinations of therapy are necessary because the
      remission rate achieved with CYVADIC is only thirty per cent. Alternative
      therapies for these tumours are combinations including cis-platinum, ifosfamide,
      epipodophyllin and high-dose methotrexate. Our therapeutic results with
      combinations of cis-platinum and ifosfamide are comparable to CYVADIC. However,
      side-effects such as nausea, vomiting and fatigue due to cis-platinum in the
      palliative treatment of these tumours are intolerable for many patients. A
      combination of adriamycin and ifosfamide, which exhibits a higher remission rate
      of 44% and lower toxicity than CYVADIC, is giving encouraging results.

PMID- 3841171
TI  - Tennessee's statewide prenatal program serving low-income pregnant women.

PMID- 3841172
TI  - Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the breast. V. Changes in patient population
      and therapeutic modalities at a metropolitan hospital (1971-1980).
AB  - This is a retrospective study of 408 patients who had mastectomy for carcinoma of
      the breast during 1971-1980. Over these 10 years, we have had a significant
      increase in Hispanic patients. Although the mean size of breast tumors among the
      Hispanic patients was smaller than that of our black patients, Hispanic patients
      are more likely to have higher numbers of positive axillary lymph nodes. Similar
      to the nationwide trend, over 90% of the patients had modified radical mastectomy
      in recent years, and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy has replaced postoperative
      radiotherapy for patients with axillary metastasis. Postmastectomy actuarial 5
      year relapse rates of our patients with none or 1-3 positive axillary nodes were
      quite similar. Among patients with 1-3 positive axillary nodes, year of diagnosis
      and whether postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy was added or not did not
      affect disease-free probability. However, among patients who had four or more
      positive axillary nodes, those who were admitted after 1976 and who received
      systemic chemotherapy (90% had CMF) had a much lower probability of developing
      recurrence.

PMID- 3841173
TI  - Isolation of tumoricidal human factors from lymphoid cells and enzymatic
      digestion of these factors into small fragments retaining tumoricidal effects.
AB  - Gel filtration and immunoadsorption techniques have been utilized to purify
      tumoricidal factors from sturgeon sera as well as human plasma. Two pure proteins
      with cytotoxic activity were isolated from the sturgeon serum (factors A2 and B2)
      and two additional cytotoxic factors were isolated from human plasma (Factors A
      and B). In another study, human factors A and B were quantitated in both normal
      donor and cancer patients' plasma. It was found that the cancer patients produced
      at least 50% less tumoricidal factors than did the normal donors. Furthermore,
      when the secretions from various lymphoid cell populations were purified
      utilizing immunoadsorbent techniques, it was found that the macrophages generally
      were producing the human tumoricidal factors. Both the sturgeon and the human
      factors were enzymatically cleaved into several small molecular weight fragments.
      Sephadex G-75 column chromatography was then utilized to isolate the enzymatic
      cleavage fragments. Three fragments with cytotoxic activity were isolated from
      both sturgeon factor A2 and B2. Similarly, human factor A was digested into two
      fragments with cytotoxic activity and factor B was digested into three fragments
      with cytotoxic activity. The molecular weights of the cytotoxic sturgeon and
      human fragments ranged from 14,000 to 23,000 whereas the intact sturgeon and
      human factors had a molecular weight slightly greater than 67,000. Ultimately, if
      these small molecular weight fragments can be sequenced, then it would be
      possible to prepare a synthetic analog which might have future potential as a
      mode of treatment for cancer patients.

PMID- 3841174
TI  - SIMP: a computer program in BASIC for nonlinear curve fitting.
AB  - A computer program for nonlinear regression analysis is described. The program,
      SIMP, is written in BASIC for use with a wide range of microcomputers. The
      simplex algorithm is used to minimize the sum of the squared residuals around the
      fitted line, and the data can be weighted if required. The program is applicable
      to a wide range of pharmacological procedures requiring curve fitting, and the
      analysis of protein-binding data is given as an example.

PMID- 3841175
TI  - Age-related changes in lymphocyte subset proportions, surface differentiation
      antigen density and plasma membrane fluidity: application of the eurage senieur
      protocol admission criteria.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 260 "apparently healthy" males and females,
      aged 20-97, have been investigated for age-related changes in a number of
      immunological parameters (percent and number of lymphocytes, OKT 4+ and OKT 8+
      cells; OKT 4/8 ratio; intensity of fluorescence of OKT 4 and OKT 8 stained cells;
      membrane fluidity). Data were then reassessed after exclusion of people who did
      not conform to the SENIEUR PROTOCOL admission criteria of EURAGE (European
      Economic Community's Concerted Action Program on Aging) in order to investigate
      whether the differences observed were attributable to underlying disease. A
      slight decrease in the number and percentage of lymphocytes, OKT 4+ and
      especially OKT 8+ cells was found. Intensity of fluorescence of OKT 4 and OKT 8
      stained cells from the elderly was reduced and may explain the lower percentages.
      Membrane fluidity was decreased in old persons (over the age of 75); the free
      cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio in the serum increased up to the age of 75
      and then declined, and it did not correlate with decreased membrane fluidity.
      Exclusion of the 20-60% of the study groups who were not eligible for admission
      according to the SENIEUR PROTOCOL criteria did not affect these results. The
      feasability and applicability of the PROTOCOL is discussed.

PMID- 3841176
TI  - Microcomputer-based muscle relaxation monitor and controller for clinical use.

PMID- 3841177
TI  - Microprocessor system for control and analysis of thermographic images.

PMID- 3841178
TI  - A systematic design procedure for selective pulses in NMR imaging.
AB  - Spectral tailoring of an amplitude-modulated radio-frequency (RF) pulse may be
      used to modify the slice-profile produced by a selective excitation sequence.
      Optimisation of the profile by intuitive means is difficult, however, due to the
      non-linearity of the magnetisation's response. A design procedure is presented
      which uses computer-simulation to calculate the response to an arbitrary RF
      envelope, and alters systematically the shape of the envelope in order to
      optimise the slice-profile. Two forms of modulation function are suggested, both
      based on a truncated-sinc, and the simulated response to optimised 90 degrees and
      180 degrees pulses is shown. The effect on the slice-profile of RF magnetic field
      inhomogeneity is discussed.

PMID- 3841179
TI  - Diffraction methods for biological macromolecules. Interactive computer graphics:
      FRODO.

PMID- 3841180
TI  - Interpretation of electron density maps.

PMID- 3841181
TI  - Computer skeletonization and automatic electron density map analysis.

PMID- 3841182
TI  - Stereochemically restrained refinement of macromolecular structures.

PMID- 3841183
TI  - Fast Fourier transform calculation of electron density maps.
AB  - This chapter has described the mathematical basis of the fast Fourier transform
      as applied to the calculation of crystallographic Fourier syntheses. The
      relationship between real space and reciprocal space symmetry operators has been
      described. Finally, program organizations have been presented for performing
      general crystallographic Fourier transforms on computer systems ranging from the
      very largest systems down to minicomputers. Programs are available from the
      author, written in FORTRAN IV and in Ratfor, which are suitable for building
      blocks in these program designs.

PMID- 3841184
TI  - Automatic recognition of domains in globular proteins.

PMID- 3841185
TI  - Computer-controlled scanning gel chromatography.

PMID- 3841186
TI  - Ultrafiltration in ligand-binding studies.

PMID- 3841187
TI  - [Hb Manitoba and Hb Contaldo in Northern Italy].

PMID- 3841188
TI  - [Subcutaneous adiponecrosis of the newborn infant].

PMID- 3841189
TI  - Domain structure of human glucocorticoid receptor and its relationship to the v
      erb-A oncogene product.
AB  - The interaction of steroids with their nuclear receptors induces a cascade of
      regulatory events that results from the activation of specific sets of genes by
      the hormone/receptor complex. Steroids, either acting alone or possibly
      synergistically with other growth factors, can influence the DNA synthesis and
      proliferation of specific target cells, initiate developmental pathways and
      activate expression of the differentiated phenotype. Moreover, steroid hormones
      have been implicated in abnormal growth regulation both in tumours and tumour
      derived cell lines. The identification of complementary DNAs encoding the human
      glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) predicts two protein forms (alpha and beta; 777 and
      742 amino acids long, respectively) which differ at their carboxy termini. We
      report here that both forms of the receptor are related, with respect to their
      domain structure, to the v-erb-A oncogene product of avian erythroblastosis virus
      (AEV), which suggests that steroid receptor genes and the c-erb-A proto-oncogene
      are derived from a common primordial regulatory gene. Therefore, oncogenicity by
      AEV may result, in part, from the inappropriate activity of a truncated steroid
      receptor or a related regulatory molecule encoded by v-erb-A. This suggests a
      mechanism by which transacting factors may facilitate transformation. We also
      identify a short region of hGR that is homologous with the Drosophila homoeotic
      proteins encoded by Antennapedia and fushi tarazu.

PMID- 3841190
TI  - A microcomputer generated individualized pediatric emergency drug list.

PMID- 3841191
TI  - Short-term single daily dose treatment of hyperthyroid Graves' disease.

PMID- 3841192
TI  - Comparative evaluation of the behavioural consequences of prenatal and early
      postnatal exposure to haloperidol in rats.
AB  - The intensity of apomorphine (1-2 mg/kg)-induced stereotyped behaviour was
      significantly lower in 60 day old offspring of rats treated with haloperidol
      during pregnancy (0.5 mg/kg SC for 15 days, beginning on day 4 after conception)
      than in vehicle-exposed animals. Moreover, at 60 days of age, apomorphine (1-2
      mg/kg)-induced inhibition of locomotor activity was much less marked in
      haloperidol-pretreated than in vehicle-pretreated rats. Conversely, our previous
      data showed that behavioural supersensitivity to apomorphine (1-2 mg/kg) was
      still present 40 days after the last administration of haloperidol, if the
      animals received the drug (0.5 mg/kg SC) from birth to 20 days of age. Finally,
      at 80 days of age, animals prenatally exposed to haloperidol were subjected to a
      differential reinforcement of low rates schedule (DRL-15 sec). The results
      indicate that the acquisition of the DRL task performance criterion (Rs/Rf less
      than or equal to 2.5) was significantly more rapid in control animals than in
      haloperidol-pretreated rats. In this regard, we previously showed that early
      postnatal exposure to the neuroleptic also impairs the acquisition of the DRL
      schedule in adult rats. These data confirm and extend the differences in
      behavioural consequences of prenatal and early postnatal exposure to haloperidol,
      and further point to the usefulness of DRL task in the evaluation of subtle
      behavioural changes induced by psychotropic drugs in the absence of overt signs
      of neurotoxicity.

PMID- 3841193
TI  - [A case of septic aneurysm complicated with simultaneous subdural and
      intracerebral hematoma].
AB  - A case of septic aneurysms complicated with simultaneous subdural and
      intracerebral hematoma is presented. A 13-year-old girl had been operated on for
      endocardial cushion defect when she was 5 years old, and residual mitral
      regurgitation was followed up. She suddenly complained of headache, vomited and
      lost consciousness. She was brought to the Tokyo Women's Medical College Hospital
      by an ambulance. On arrival, she was semicomatose. Her left pupil was mydriatic
      and did not react to light. Right hemiparesis was noted. Systolic murmur was
      audible in the apical region of the heart. Laboratory data showed a mild anemia
      and a white cell count of 23,000. CT scan showed a subdural hematoma in the left
      frontotemporoparietal region and a small subcortical hematoma in the left
      occipital lobe. An emergency operation was carried out for the subdural hematoma.
      When the dura was opened, about 10 ml bloody CSF flowed out. A hematoma weighing
      about 50 g was removed. A bleeding point or an aneurysm could not be discovered
      on the dura, arachnoid membrane or surface of the brain at the operation. On the
      15th day after the operation, when the fever was decreased, cerebral angiography
      was done. The left vertebral angiogram showed an aneurysm on a peripheral branch
      of the calcarine artery, which was considered the origin of the subcortical
      hematoma in the left occipital lobe. The left carotid angiogram showed no
      aneurysm. On the seventh day after that study, the aneurysm did not appear by
      left vertebral angiography. She was discharged with no neurological deficit. One
      month later, she was admitted again with a high fever.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3841194
TI  - Administration of antisera to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and peptide
      histidine isoleucine attenuates ether-induced prolactin secretion in rats.
AB  - The effect of immunoneutralization of endogenous vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI)-like peptides by
      administration of specific and potent antisera to the respective peptides on
      ether stress-induced prolactin (PRL) release was examined in male rats bearing an
      indwelling atrial catheter. Forty-five minutes after an injection of 1 ml of
      either normal rabbit serum (NRS), anti-VIP serum (AVS), anti-PHI serum (APS) or
      AVS plus APS, the rat was placed for 1 min in a beaker containing an ether
      impregnated cotton ball. Ether exposure caused a prompt and significant increase
      in plasma PRL in all of the animal groups tested. Pretreatment with either
      antisera did not affect basal plasma PRL levels, whereas plasma PRL rises after
      ether exposure were significantly lower in rats pretreated with AVS, APS or AVS
      plus APS than those with NRS. These results suggest that hypothalamic VIP and PHI
      like peptides may be involved, at least in part, in the mechanism by which ether
      stress stimulates PRL secretion in rats.

PMID- 3841195
TI  - Detection of preprocholecystokinin and preproenkephalin A mRNAs in rat brain by
      hybridization histochemistry using complementary RNA probes.
AB  - The distributions of mRNAs encoding preprocholecystokinin and preproenkephalin A
      in the rat brain were examined by in situ hybridization histochemistry.
      Complementary RNA probes 0.5-1.0 kilobase in length were synthesized in vitro
      with 35S-ribonucleotides using SP6 polymerase and a transcription vector
      containing the SP6 promotor. Following hybridization to fixed tissue sections,
      signals were detected by autoradiography after relatively short exposure times.
      These studies demonstrate that neuropeptide mRNAs can be detected within specific
      cells in the brain and that the patterns of hybridization match the localization
      of the peptides visualized by immunohistochemistry. Minimum numbers of mRNA
      copies encoding the peptides were determined by quantitative autoradiography.

PMID- 3841196
TI  - Threshold for lens damage during Q-switched Nd:YAG laser iridectomy. A study of
      rhesus monkey eyes.
AB  - Clinical and pathologic examinations were performed after 18 iridectomies had
      been created in six eyes of three rhesus monkeys using increasing Q-switched
      neodymium (Nd):YAG laser energy, pulses per burst, and number of bursts.
      Treatment parameters bracketed the threshold for lens damage during iridectomy.
      Iridectomy with one or two bursts of one or two Q-switched pulses at 5 to 6.2 mJ
      per pulse was achieved without lens damage. Slight increase of pulse energy or an
      increase to three pulses per burst (without pulse energy increase) caused local
      damage to the underlying lens. Marked increase of any of the treatment parameters
      caused slightly larger iridectomies and slightly larger, localized damage of the
      underlying lens. Synechiae developed between the monkey posterior iris surface at
      the iridectomy and the damaged area in 80% of the lens lesions. In monkeys, the
      small pulsed laser iridectomies created with pulses of energies up to 6.5 mJ
      became occluded during the healing process.

PMID- 3841197
TI  - [Sex distribution in perinatal deaths].

PMID- 3841198
TI  - The inheritance of enzyme variants of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase in
      Paragonimus ohirai.
AB  - Lung flukes, Paragonimus ohirai, from Kinosaki, Japan, characterized by 3
      electrophoretic variants, FF, FS and SS, of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase
      (GOT: EC 2.6.1.1) were crossed in the laboratory. In the case of a cross between
      FS and SS, a parent, FS, produced 9 SS and 16 FS clones in the offspring, numbers
      not significantly different from that expected (1:1) from Mendelian inheritance.
      From the other cross FS X FF, 20 clones originating from the respective 20
      miracidia were obtained from a parent FS. The phenotype segregation ratio was 6
      FF and 14 FS, which is not significantly different from Mendelian inheritance
      expectation. Only 3 clones were obtained from the other parent FF, but these
      segregated in a ratio of 2 FS: 1 FF. These breeding data indicate that the GOT
      isozymes of P. ohirai are controlled by 2 codominant alleles, GotF and GotS at a
      single locus whose products aggregate randomly, forming a dimer.

PMID- 3841199
TI  - A comparative study of the succinate dehydrogenase-fumarate reductase complex in
      the genus Trichinella.
AB  - Succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate reductase activities from a particulate
      fraction of 4 isolates of the supposed 'species' of Trichinella, T. spiralis, T.
      pseudospiralis, T. nativa and T. nelsoni have been determined using
      spectrophotometric methods. The 'in vitro' effect of the anthelmintics
      thiabendazole, mebendazole and ivermectin on succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate
      reductase activities from the above isolates is also described. The significance
      of the results is discussed in the context of the controversy that surrounds
      speciation of the genus Trichinella.

PMID- 3841200
TI  - [Analytical morphometry in the study of biological forms: description of the
      procedure and oriented software].

PMID- 3841201
TI  - [Causes and mechanisms of subdural hemorrhages and ruptures of the tentorium
      cerebelli in fetuses and newborn infants].

PMID- 3841202
TI  - Comparison of pausing during transcription and replication.
AB  - Pausing during the transcription of MDV-1 cDNA by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase
      was compared with pausing during the replication of MDV-1 RNA by Q beta
      replicase. MDV-1 RNA is able to form many strong hairpin structures, and Q beta
      replicase pauses after the synthesis of each [Mills et al. (1978) Cell 15, 541
      550]. Although the transcripts were virtually identical to MDV-1 RNA, the
      locations at which RNA polymerase paused were different and apparently were not
      related to sequences that can form hairpins. These results indicate that hairpin
      stability, per se, cannot be used to predict the occurrence of pausing during
      transcription. Four pauses that occur within a 5-nucleotide region were studied
      in detail. Insertions and deletions were made in the template DNA to determine
      the contribution made by the surrounding sequences to these pauses. The results
      indicate that some of the pauses require the presence of particular upstream
      sequences, while others are unaffected by the template modifications. Thus, there
      are at least two different transcriptional pausing mechanisms: one depends on the
      nature of upstream sequences, while the other is independent of upstream
      sequences.

PMID- 3841203
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of tobacco rattle virus RNA-2 (CAM strain).
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the smaller genomic strand (RNA-2) of the bipartite
      tobacco rattle virus (CAM strain) has been determined. RNA-2 is capped at the 5'
      terminus and contains 1799 nucleotide residues. There is a single 223 codon long
      open reading frame extending from nucleotide 574 to 1242 which designates a
      protein of Mr 23,654. The derived amino acid composition, in percent, matches
      that previously determined for the virus capsid protein. The long open reading
      frame is flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated regions of 573 and 554 nucleotides,
      respectively. The 5' leader sequence contains two different sets of direct
      repeats, one of 119 nucleotides and the other of 76. It also contains 13
      apparently unused AUG codons, four of which lie in the same frame as the capsid
      protein cistron. The 3' terminal sequence of RNA-2 is identical to that of the
      larger genomic strand (RNA-1) for 459 nucleotides.

PMID- 3841204
TI  - Molecular cloning of human apolipoprotein B cDNA.
AB  - In this paper we describe the isolation of cDNA clones which code for parts of
      apolipoprotein B (apoB). The clones were obtained by immunoscreening of an
      expression library (lambda gt 11) derived from a human hepatoma cell line (Hep
      G2). The relationship between positive clones and apoB was established with
      immunochemical techniques using polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibodies.
      Recombinants, expressing nonoverlapping regions of apoB are described, all
      hybridizing with a very large mRNA (approximately 20,000 bases long). The
      nucleotide sequence obtained predicts a primary protein structure with a
      composition suitable for the formation of stretches of an amphipatic alpha-helix.

PMID- 3841205
TI  - Putative amino acid sequence of chick calcium-binding protein deduced from a
      complementary DNA sequence.
AB  - Two DNA fragments coding for chick CaBP have been isolated and sequenced. cDNA
      was prepared from enriched intestinal mRNA and cloned in pUC12. The recombinant
      clones were screened by differential hybridisation with 32P-cDNA probes
      synthesized from vitamin D replete and deficient chick intestinal mRNA. Two
      clones had outstanding affinity with the +D probe. Hybrid-arrested and hybrid
      selected translation systems showed that both clones hybridised to mRNA coding
      for immunoprecipitable CaBP. The mRNA for CaBP has a 100 bp G,C rich sequence
      before a 786 bp coding region followed by 1250 nucleotides 3' untranslated
      region. Nucleotides coding for the Ca-binding sites show a high degree of
      homology for Ca-binding sites in chick calmodulin and rat intestinal CaBP. The
      amino acid sequence specified by the longest open reading frame contains five Ca
      binding sites but is too large for the native CaBP; post-translational
      modification must therefore occur.

PMID- 3841206
TI  - Steady-state disposition of diflunisal: once- versus twice-daily administration.
AB  - To evaluate the steady-state bioequivalence of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
      analgesic agent, diflunisal, administered once versus twice daily, 13 healthy
      volunteers received diflunisal as follows: 1000 mg at 8:00 AM and 500 mg at 8:00
      AM and 8:00 PM, each for 14 days in a randomized crossover study. The mean (+/-
      SD) steady-state peak plasma concentrations were significantly greater after once
      daily dosing (186 +/- 25 micrograms/ml vs 150 +/- 37 micrograms/ml; p less than
      0.01). The time to peak concentration was also longer after the single-dose
      regimen (2.5 +/- 0.8 vs 1.9 +/- 0.9 hr; p less than 0.05). The regimens were
      similar with respect to the mean 24-hour area under the plasma concentration-time
      curve at steady state (2839 +/- 612 vs 2782 +/- 778 micrograms.hr.ml-1), steady
      state plasma concentrations (118 +/- 25 vs 116 +/- 32 micrograms/ml), trough
      plasma concentration (85 +/- 27 vs 92 +/- 28 micrograms/ml) as well as 24-hour
      urinary excretion (776 +/- 79 vs 771 +/- 89 mg) of diflunisal. Based on urinary
      recoveries, the bioequivalence ratio (once vs twice daily) was 1.01 +/- 0.08.
      These results indicate that diflunisal administered once daily might offer
      comparable therapeutic effects but be more convenient than a twice-daily regimen.

PMID- 3841207
TI  - Fetal echocardiography: confidence limits and accuracy.

PMID- 3841208
TI  - Surgical anatomy of the atrioventricular conduction bundle in anomalous muscle
      bundle of the right ventricle with subarterial ventricular septal defect.
AB  - A stillborn baby girl was found to have an anomalous muscle bundle of the right
      ventricle, associated with a doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal
      defect. The latter was separated from the area of the atrioventricular conduction
      bundle by muscle. Serial histologic sectioning of the specialized
      atrioventricular junctional area revealed that the final bifurcation of the
      branching bundle came astride the septum in the inferior angle of the defect. The
      right bundle branch bifurcated and one of its branches continued along the
      anomalous muscle bundle in subendocardial position. This anatomy supports the
      concept that the bundle, in this heart, represented an early takeoff of the
      moderator band. The surgical anatomy suggests that resection of the anomalous
      muscle bundle and closure of the ventricular septal defect might well have
      produced heart block. The generally accepted rule that resection of anomalous
      muscle bundles in the right ventricle is surgically safe should be reconsidered.

PMID- 3841209
TI  - [Efficacy of immunotropic drugs in experimental tuberculosis].

PMID- 3841210
TI  - Differential salicylate-aspirin interaction on vascular prostacyclin and platelet
      thromboxane synthesis in patients undergoing saphenectomy.
AB  - We studied the ability of salicylate to counteract the effect of aspirin on
      platelet thromboxane synthesis and prostacyclin formation in venous tissue in
      patients undergoing saphenectomy. A single intravenous dose of 40 mg aspirin
      completely blocked thromboxane formation and reduced prostacyclin to about 43% of
      the control values. When salicylate (1000 mg po) corresponding in anesthetized
      subjects to blood levels of 25.9 +/- 5 micrograms/ml was administered before
      aspirin, vascular prostacyclin was no longer inhibited, whereas platelet
      thromboxane was still significantly blocked. These results suggest that the
      combination of salicylate with aspirin at an appropriate dose ratio may result in
      almost complete dissociation of the drug's effect on platelets and vessels in
      man.

PMID- 3841211
TI  - Involvement of peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) in prolactin secretion induced
      by serotonin in rats.
AB  - The possible role of hypothalamic peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) in prolactin
      (PRL) secretion induced by serotoninergic mechanisms was investigated in male
      rats using a passive immunization technique. Intracerebroventricular injection of
      serotonin (5HT, 10 micrograms/rat) raised plasma PRL levels both in urethane
      anesthetized rats and in conscious rats pretreated with normal rabbit serum (0.5
      ml/rat, iv, 30 min before). Plasma PRL responses to 5HT were blunted in these
      animals when they were pretreated with rabbit antiserum specific for PHI (0.5
      ml/rat, iv, 30 min before) (mean +/- SE peak plasma PRL: anesthetized rats 271.3
      +/- 38.3 ng/ml vs 150.0 +/- 12.6 ng/ml, p less than 0.01, conscious rats 54.3 +/-
      6.8 ng/ml vs 30.7 +/- 4.1 ng/ml, p less than 0.025). These results suggest that
      hypothalamic PHI is involved, at least in part, in PRL secretion induced by
      central serotoninergic stimulation in the rat.

PMID- 3841212
TI  - Turner's syndrome: updating on diagnosis and therapy.

PMID- 3841213
TI  - Effects of inhibitors of carbohydrate absorption or lipid metabolism on meal
      patterns of Zucker rats.
AB  - Peripherally active anorectic agents represent a new approach to the
      pharmacological management of obesity. Two inhibitors of carbohydrate absorption:
      an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose (Bay g 5421) and a alpha-amylase
      inhibitor, Ro 12-2272, were compared with two novel inhibitors of lipid
      metabolism: an inhibitor of human pancreatic lipase (Ro 20-0083) and of hepatic
      fatty acid synthesis (Ro 22-0654). All drugs were presented as diet admixtures
      over 3 or 4 consecutive days. Total food and water intakes, the temporal pattern
      of feeding, and the average meal frequency and meal size were measured using
      computerized data collection procedures. Inhibitors of carbohydrate absorption
      failed to suppress food intake in either obese or lean Zucker rats and had no
      effect on the parameters of feeding. In contrast, inhibitors of lipid metabolism
      reduced food intake by 56-77% by reducing both meal frequency and meal size.
      Direct inhibition of lipid metabolism may be a viable mechanism for anti-obesity
      agents.

PMID- 3841214
TI  - Effects of intracerebroventricular injection of delta sleep-inducing peptide
      (DSIP) and an analogue on sleep and brain temperature in rats at night.
AB  - The effects of ICV injections of DSIP and omega-amino-caprilyl-DSIP (C-DSIP) on
      the sleep-wake activity and brain temperature (Tbr were studied in rats. The
      substances (7 nmol/kg) were injected at dark onset, and the sleep-wake activity
      and Tbr were recorded for 24 hr (dark and light periods, 12 hr each). Relative to
      the control recordings obtained after artificial CSF injection, the duration of
      sleep did not increase after either DSIP or C-DSIP. The only significant reaction
      was an increase of W 6 to 9 hr after the injection of either peptide. The course
      of Tbr after DSIP and C-DSIP was also identical to that recorded after the
      injection of artificial CSF. It seems that DSIP administered in a single ICV
      injection at dark onset does not promote sleep. The increase in W might be
      attributed to an indirect effect of DSIP or to a degradation product of the
      peptide.

PMID- 3841215
TI  - Inhibitory effects of pyruvic acid semi- and thiosemicarbazones on the growth of
      bacteria, yeasts, experimental tumours and plant cells.
AB  - Pyruvic acid semi- and thiosemicarbazones (1 and 2, respectively) were tested as
      inhibitors of bacterial, fungal, experimental tumour and plant cell growth. 1 and
      2 displayed a growth-inhibitory effect in vitro against different bacterial
      strains, and especially against St. aureus mutant UV-2 and S. lutea. The
      compounds proved to have low activity in vivo against L 1210 and P 388 leukemia,
      adenocarcinoma 755 and melanoma B 16. 2 inhibited strongly the growth of cultured
      cells of Lycopersicon esculentum (100% inhibition at a concentration of 1,5
      mumol/ml) while 1 was not active.

PMID- 3841216
TI  - Identification of a mitochondrial p-dinitrobenzene reductase activity in rat
      liver.
AB  - Nitroreductase activity has been known to occur under nitrogen atmosphere in the
      cytosolic and microsomal fractions of liver homogenate. The present study
      describes a new localisation for a subcellular nitro reduction activity which
      occurs in liver mitochondria under aerobic conditions. Mitochondria were isolated
      from rat liver and assayed for their capacity to reduce certain nitro compounds
      by measuring spectrophotometrically both the appearance of amino compounds and
      the consumption of NADH. Intact mitochondria were found to possess a p
      dinitrobenzene (p-DNB) reductase activity which was reduced by over 50% upon
      addition of detergent. The activity was destroyed by heat, and was present at
      only 20% in the microsomal fraction. It was strictly NADH-dependent, while only
      little or no activity occurred with NADPH or other oxidative substrates.
      Moreover, this nitro reduction was protein concentration- and time-dependent
      reaching a plateau after 20 min, and was also inhibited by thiol reagents.
      Assayed under the same conditions, rat liver mitochondria showed about 15%
      activity with o-DNB and m-DNB, while there was less than 5% activity with a
      series of p-nitro compounds including chloramphenicol. The presence of a
      nitroreductase activity in liver mitochondria, although shown here to be
      restricted to p-DNB, may have important implications regarding cytotoxicity from
      nitro compounds.

PMID- 3841217
TI  - A software package for the microcomputer control and analysis of research on
      schedule-induced polydipsia.
AB  - This manuscript describes a software package called POLY which offers a range of
      routines designed to allow the user to set up, run and analyze data for research
      on schedule-induced polydipsia. The three major routines described are SETUP, RUN
      and ANALYSIS. The routines are flexible and give the user efficient control over
      the parameters of the research and the collection and analysis of the data.
      Although designed for research on schedule-induced polydipsia, the software can
      be used for other research purposes, requiring only changes in the support
      hardware.

PMID- 3841218
TI  - Behavioral scoring using programmable calculators: a technique usable in the
      field.
AB  - A simple method of recording the time spent in various behavioral categories
      during behavioral scoring is described. Use is made of a programmable calculator
      which is made to function as a multiple timer, keeping track of each of the
      categories. Any number of mutually exclusive categories can be scored using a
      single key press, by assigning a pre-set code to each. A print-out of the
      analysed frequency or duration data can be obtained either concurrently or at any
      time after the experiment, as required. The least count of the technique is about
      1-2 seconds and this precludes its use for extremely rapidly changing behaviors.
      Apart from this, it is convenient, time-saving and especially suitable for field
      use.

PMID- 3841219
TI  - [Effect of phase transition on the slow motion of lipid molecules].

PMID- 3841220
TI  - Effects of intrathecal methotrexate and cytosine arabinoside on the radiation
      tolerance of the rat spinal cord.
AB  - The effect of intrathecally or intravenously administered methotrexate (MTX) or
      cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) on the early and late delayed radiation response of
      the rat cervical spinal cord has been studied. A technique has been developed for
      intrathecal administration of drugs into the rat lumbar spinal canal. When given
      shortly before irradiation, intrathecal ara-C significantly reduces the isoeffect
      doses for the early delayed white matter necrosis syndrome by a factor of 1.2
      1.3, while no effect is observed for the late delayed vascular syndrome. The
      effect disappears when ara-C is given intravenously or 24 h after irradiation. In
      addition, intrathecal ara-C seems to impair the capacity of long-term
      regeneration. Intrathecal administration of MTX is limited by severe acute
      neurotoxicity. At a maximally tolerated intrathecal MTX dose, no modification of
      the early or late radiation response of the spinal cord was observed. In contrast
      to ara-C, intravenous MTX seems to interact with the induction of the late
      delayed vascular damage in the rat cervical spinal cord, with a dose-modifying
      factor of 1.1-1.2.

PMID- 3841221
TI  - The guide gutter or loop techniques of interstitial implantation and the Paris
      system of dosimetry.
AB  - The predictive dosimetry system for implants known as the Paris system can be
      used with either loops or hairpins. When using the guide gutter technique,
      implant geometry is predetermined by the inherent spacing and parallelism of the
      branches of the hairpins. When using loops, their branches should not be spaced
      too widely apart and should be parallel over an adequate distance to obtain a
      fairly regular dose distribution between them. The basic principles of
      implantation are the same as for rectilinear sources. Branches must be
      rectilinear, parallel, arranged so that their centers are located in the same
      plane (central plane). Adjacent branches must be equidistant from each other and
      the reference linear kerma rate (or the linear activity) must be uniform and
      identical for all sources. When these conditions are met, the dimensions of the
      treated volume (volume encompassed by the reference isodose surface with a value
      equal to 85% of the basal dose rate) can be estimated at the time of the
      implantation procedure. In practice, only a few relationships presented in this
      paper, with examples of application, must be known. Although, the Paris system
      permits forecasting the final dosimetry, the geometry of the implant must be
      verified and the dose calculated according to the implantation as actually
      achieved. The best method of checking the exact position of radioactive sources
      in an implant and determining the dose rate at any desired point is a
      reconstruction by computer program although alternative methods are occasionally
      appropriate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3841222
TI  - Carbon tetrachloride-induced pharmacokinetic changes of diazepam in rats are
      reduced by a stable analogue of prostaglandin E2 : FCE 20700.
AB  - Rats, given CC14 (6670 mg/Kg, sc), exhibited a significant increase in SGPT
      (425.7 +/- 51.3 mU/ml), together with impaired pharmacokinetics of intravenous
      diazepam (t beta 1/2: 53.87 h; AUC: 101.05 micrograms/ml/h) when compared with
      saline treated animal (SGPT: 33.6 +/- 3.8 mU/ml; t beta 1/2: 2.087 h; AUC: 1.37
      micrograms/ml/h). FCE 20700 (5 micrograms/ml, sc) did not change, by itself,
      either SGPT or diazepam pharmacokinetic parameters, but significantly antagonized
      the changes induced by CC14 (SGPT: 45.3 +/- 5.3 mU/ml; t beta 1/2: 0.167 h; AUC:
      2.426 micrograms/ml/h). Further support to this cytoprotective effects was given
      by histological examination of the livers. Data indicate that this new
      prostaglandin E2 derivative might be useful in patients with liver failure.

PMID- 3841223
TI  - Benznidazole and nifurtimox nitroreductase activity in liver microsomes from male
      rats preinduced with phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene.
AB  - Liver microsomes from Sprague-Dawley male rats are able to biotransform
      Benznidazole (Bz) or Nifurtimox (NFX) by nitroreduction. Pretreatment of the rats
      during three days with phenobarbital (80 mg/kg/day, ip) but not with 3
      methylcholanthrene (35 mg/kg/day ip) increased both Bz and NFX nitroreductase
      activity. Results suggest that cytochrome P-450 but not cytochrome P-448 is
      involved in the nitroreduction of these two chemotherapeutic agents against
      Chagas' disease. Possible pharmacological and toxicological implications of these
      observations are discussed.

PMID- 3841224
TI  - [The body's own sleep substance DSIP].

PMID- 3841225
TI  - [Sterility in North African immigrant women].
AB  - Sterility in North African immigrants does not differ greatly from the sterility
      observed in French women. The authors emphasise one particular difference: the
      frequency of genital tuberculosis present in 1/3 of cases compared with 6 per
      cent of the general population.

PMID- 3841226
TI  - [The surfactant system, its function and composition in relation to healthy and
      diseased lung tissue].

PMID- 3841227
TI  - Discrepancy between serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol measured by
      radioimmunoassay and cytosol radioreceptor assay.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for determination of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
      (1,25(OH)2D3) in serum, was compared with the radioreceptor assay using cytosol
      receptor from rachitic chick intestine in order to clarify whether differences in
      specificity can explain discrepancies in the clinical application of the two
      techniques. In the literature, seasonal fluctuations in serum 1,25(OH)2D3 are
      only observed when using radioimmunoassay. Treatment of anticonvulsant
      osteomalacia with vitamin D3 results in a marked increase in radioimmunologically
      measured 1,25(OH)2D3, but no effect on the serum 1,25(OH)2D level, measured by
      the radioreceptor assay, could be observed. The present study demonstrates that
      another unknown compound is coeluted on high pressure liquid chromatography with
      1,25(OH)2D3, and recognised only by the antiserum. It can be concluded that the
      present radioimmunoassay cannot replace the cytosol receptor assay or either
      supplement by measuring the 1,25(OH)2D3 metabolite only.

PMID- 3841228
TI  - Action of pirenzepine, a new muscarinic antagonist drug, on human pancreatic
      secretion.
AB  - The action of a new muscarinic antagonist drug on the pancreatic secretion has
      been studied in 12 healthy subjects. A stable pancreatic secretory plateau was
      obtained with submaximal hormonal stimulation (0.125 CU/kg/h secretin: 30 ng/kg/h
      caerulein). The highest dose of pirenzepine (40 mg) inhibited both volume and
      enzymatic concentration and output (-72.2% and -77.9% of plateau value for
      chymotrypsin and lipase output, respectively, 30 min after pirenzepine
      injection). The inhibition appeared immediately, lasted for more than 60 min, and
      was dose-related. The calcium dose-response curve paralleled those of lipase and
      chymotrypsin outputs. These results were comparable to those obtained with other
      anti-acetylcholine drugs and may be associated with the action of certain doses
      of ethanol on pancreatic secretion. In contrast, the lowest pirenzepine dose used
      (10 mg) induced a delayed stimulation of bicarbonate output, and bicarbonate
      concentration was not altered.

PMID- 3841229
TI  - [Thyroid antibodies and their diagnostic value].
AB  - Using commercially available test kits, thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin
      (TSIg), microsomal thryoid antibodies (MAK) und antibodies against thyroglobulin
      (TAK) were measured in sera of 201 patients. Over 13% inhibition of TSH-binding
      to TSH receptor (TSIg) was found in 18 of 25 (72%) patients with hyperthyroid
      Graves' disease, in 18 of 61 (30) patients with Graves' disease who have become
      euthyroid, in 4 of 33 (15%) patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, in one of 20
      patients with hyperthyroid multinodular goitre or with iodine-induced
      hyperthyroidism, and in 2 of 55 patients with nontoxic goitre but in none of 7
      patients with congenital hyperthyroidism. When further subdividing the patients
      with Graves' disease who were euthyroid, TSIg values were abnormal in 47% of the
      patients still under treatment and in 20% of those in remission without
      treatment. The simultaneous presence of MAK and TAK was most often found in
      patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, less frequently in patients with Graves'
      disease and never in patients with other thyroid disorders. MAK and TAK were only
      detectable in patients with Graves' disease who also had TSIg. The diagnostic,
      prognostic and follow-up value of the three antibodies is discussed.

PMID- 3841230
TI  - [A case of vaginal adenocarcinoma after uterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol].
AB  - From 1946 to 1971, diethylstilbestrol, a nonsteroid synthetic estrogen, came in
      for widespread use in the USA, and in other countries only occasional use, for
      the treatment of high-risk pregnancies. In 1971 a retrospective epidemiologic
      study showed a close association of this therapy with occurrence of vaginal and
      cervical adenocarcinoma in young women (mean age 19 years). Up to 1981 63% of 429
      clear cell carcinomas of the vagina and cervix were related to DES exposure in
      utero in the USA. Following reports on a few cases in other countries, the
      present report is the first in a Swiss female, aged 23, with stage III DES
      induced adenocarcinoma of the vagina. The risk of DES-related adenocarcinoma is
      estimated at about 1%, but benign teratogenic lesions are present in over 50% of
      patients. Vaginal adenosis is the most frequent finding, but other malformations
      of vagina (septa), cervix, uterus and fallopian tube may be found. Malformations
      of the genital tract have also been described in DES-exposed male offspring.

PMID- 3841231
TI  - Intraspinal narcotic analgesia in the treatment of chronic pain.
AB  - The results of intraspinal narcotic analgesia (INA) in 43 patients with chronic
      nonmalignant pain syndromes are reviewed. A protocol has been established to
      improve proper patient selection and includes three phases of study. Most of the
      patients have had INA for 2 years now. In those patients qualifying for
      continuous delivery systems (CDS), 65% had good to excellent relief of pain while
      34% were considered failures for a variety of reasons. Apparent tolerance
      development in many of the patients was, in fact, due to technical problems with
      the epidural catheter instead.

PMID- 3841232
TI  - Protein C levels in disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombotic
      thrombocytopenic purpura: its correlation with other coagulation parameters.
AB  - Protein C was measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in
      plasmas from 58 normal subjects, 39 patients with disseminated intravascular
      coagulation (DIC) and 5 patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).
      Protein C levels ranged from 69.7 to 163.6% (95% confidence limits) in normal
      subjects. In patients with DIC, protein C concentrations were significantly
      decreased, with a geometric mean value of 42.1%. Protein C concentration was
      positively correlated with plasma prothrombin, antithrombin III and serum
      pseudocholinesterase, and was negatively correlated with von Willebrand factor
      antigen (vWF:Ag) and vWF:Ag/factor VIII ratio. These findings suggest that low
      protein C concentrations in DIC mean a consumption of protein C probably due to
      its activation by thrombin and/or impaired liver synthetic function. In patients
      with TTP, protein C levels were normal with a geometric mean value of 116.7%,
      indicating that the pathophysiology of TTP is quite different from that of DIC.

PMID- 3841233
TI  - Protein C levels in late pregnancy, postpartum and in women on oral
      contraceptives.

PMID- 3841234
TI  - Severe antigenic deficiency of protein C associated with moderate deficiency of
      protein C activity.

PMID- 3841235
TI  - Influence of heparin cofactor II (HCII) on the determination of antithrombin III
      (AT).

PMID- 3841236
TI  - Hepatic microsomal metabolism of isoprene in various rodents.
AB  - Microsomal monooxygenases of various rodents metabolise isoprene to the
      corresponding monoepoxides, 3,4-epoxy-3-methyl-1-butene and 3,4-epoxy-2-methyl-1
      butene. The kinetic constants (Km and Vmax) for the formation of the major
      products were determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The minor product
      was further epoxidised to the mutagenic isoprene dioxide by the microsomes of all
      rodents studied. The Km and Vmax for this subsequent epoxidation were determined
      and phenobarbital was found to be a good inducer in all species.

PMID- 3841237
TI  - Computer prediction of serum theophylline concentrations in ambulatory patients.
AB  - This study assessed the ability of a computer program Simulated Kinetics (SIMKIN)
      to predict serum theophylline concentrations in ambulatory patients receiving
      oral theophylline. Data were collected by retrospective review of prospectively
      obtained data. A total of only 20 measured serum theophylline concentrations
      could be included in the study, although records of 195 patients were reviewed.
      An estimated patient compliance of 90-110% was required and was computed using
      prescription refill information. Predicted serum theophylline concentrations were
      generated for each patient by entering into the SIMKIN program the
      characteristics pertinent to theophylline disposition and the patient's
      theophylline dosing regimen. Actual and SIMKIN-predicted theophylline
      concentrations were compared by using simple linear regression and by
      constructing a 95% confidence interval around the mean prediction error and root
      mean squared error. The ability of SIMKIN to predict therapeutic category, i.e.,
      subtherapeutic, therapeutic, or toxic, was assessed using Fisher's exact test.
      SIMKIN predictions of individual theophylline concentration were insufficiently
      accurate to replace confirmatory followup monitoring of actual levels. However,
      SIMKIN was able to predict the therapeutic category with 70% accuracy. We
      conclude that SIMKIN may be useful for categorizing a dose regimen of
      theophylline as therapeutic, but that it is of little use in predicting
      individual concentrations in outpatients when literature-averaged pharmacokinetic
      parameters are the sole criteria for prediction, and compliance cannot be
      accurately assessed.

PMID- 3841238
TI  - Atypical cilia in hyperplastic, metaplastic, and dysplastic human bronchial
      mucosa.
AB  - Twenty-two cases displaying potentially precancerous epithelial changes of the
      bronchial mucosa--including basal and goblet cell hyperplasia, epidermoid
      metaplasia, and dysplasia--showed a wide variety of cilial abnormalities on the
      ultrastructural level. The changes comprised abnormal configurations of the
      ciliary plasma membrane, variations in the amount of ciliary matrix,
      disorganization of basal bodies, and diverse alterations of the axonemal
      microtubular pattern. More than one such alteration was observed in one and the
      same case, and there was no correlation with the actual type of epithelial lesion
      nor the degree of dysplasia. These changes, interpreted as abnormal ciliary
      regeneration in severely damaged ciliated cells, are potentially reversible and
      seem to represent a nonspecific response of the affected cells to an ample
      spectrum of noxes. Their diagnostic significance is poor, especially with regard
      to the modification of the axonemal microtubular pattern, unless the entire
      clinical picture suggests an immotile cilia syndrome.

PMID- 3841239
TI  - Use of the muscle relaxant atracurium in a myasthenic dog.

PMID- 3841240
TI  - Observations on the efficacy of ivermectin in the control of cattle ticks in
      Zambia.
AB  - The efficacy of multiple subcutaneous injections (200 micrograms/kg) of
      ivermectin in the control of naturally occurring tick infestations on
      traditionally managed Tonga-IIa (Sanga type) calves and yearlings was assessed in
      two field trials. In the first trial Boophilus decoloratus infestations were
      decreased following treatments at monthly intervals. In the second trial, with
      weekly and two weekly treatment intervals, infestations of Rhipicephalus
      appendiculatus were controlled less effectively than infestations of Amblyomma
      variegatum or Hyalomma truncatum. However, no engorging females of any of the
      tick species were found on treated animals. In treated cattle, significantly
      greater liveweight gain occurred than can be attributed to the control of tick
      infestations alone.

PMID- 3841241
TI  - [Embryotoxic and teratogenic action of the organomercury fungicide falizan on
      chick embryos].
AB  - Tested was the embryotoxic and teratogenic action of the organomercurial
      preparation falizan (a phenyl-mercury acetate), containing 2 per cent mercury, in
      chick embryos. It was introduced into the viteline sac of 3-day-old embryos in
      the form of a water solution as follows: Group I--0.1 cm3 per egg of a 13 per
      cent solution of falizan (= 260 micrograms Hg); group II--0.1 cm3 per egg of a
      6.5 per cent solution (= 130 micrograms Hg); group III--0.1 cm3 per egg of
      redistilled water (biologic control); and group IV--the eggs were left untreated
      (negative control). The amount of the preparation was adjusted to eggs of 65 + 1
      g weight. The optimal growth and development of the embryos was guaranteed with
      the use of an Optima hatching unit, providing humidity of up to 65 per cent = 89
      F. The embryotoxic and teratogenic effect of the preparation was recorded on the
      14th and the 20th day of incubation. A dose of 260 micrograms Hg was found to be
      strongly toxic, mortality rate reaching up to 48 per cent from the 7th to the
      14th day. Teratogenically, there were no malformations in the test groups both on
      the 14th and the 20th day of embryogenesis.

PMID- 3841242
TI  - [Statistical analysis of the results of clinico-experimental studies].

PMID- 3841243
TI  - [Malignant lymphoma of the stomach].

PMID- 3841244
TI  - [Acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon--significance of colonoscopy for diagnosis
      and therapy].
AB  - Acute colonic pseudoobstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome) predominantly involves
      elderly patients with serious underlying diseases and is defined by massive
      colonic distention without mechanical obstruction. Therapy of choice included
      surgical cecostomy with a mortality rate of over 30 percent. Fiberoptic coloscopy
      provides a new effective treatment modality for colonic decompression. We discuss
      the cases of 8 patients with Ogilvie's syndrome, who were successfully treated by
      colonoscopic decompression. Special guidelines for successful and safe
      performance of the procedure are suggested.

PMID- 3841245
TI  - Fasting effect of the fine structure of the interstitial cells of the pregnant
      Myotis myotis ovary.

PMID- 3841246
TI  - [Meniscectomy--total, partial, open or closed operation?].
AB  - The importance of the menisci for stability of the knee joint is pointed out.
      Because of its mechanical importance in the knee a more conservative behaviour
      for treatment is recommended. Even the degenerated meniscus can play his role
      sufficiently. For each type of lesion individual surgery is applied, especially
      if there is locking impingement linked with mechanically induced arthritis. Out
      of the clinical results follows that arthroscopic partial meniscectomy is
      superior to conventional open meniscectomy, especially in the early postoperative
      period.

PMID- 3841247
TI  - [Genetic factors in the regulation of the hypophyseo-adrenal system in aggressive
      and sexual interactions of male laboratory mice].

PMID- 3841248
TI  - [Lipoamide dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase
      in skeletal muscle. 12. The influence of electric stimulation of beef carcasses
      on activity and subcellular distribution].
AB  - The effect of electrical stimulation (ES) of beef carcasses at 450 V on the total
      extractable activity and subcellular distribution of the mitochondrial enzymes
      lipoamide dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase
      in skeletal muscle (activities in the supernatant of a phosphate buffer extract
      and in muscle press juice) was studied. There was no influence of ES on the total
      activity and the subcellular distribution of these enzymes in the muscle tissue
      stored at +2 degrees C for 7 days nor did ES influence the extent of the release
      of the three enzymes from the mitochondria into the sarcoplasm by freezing (-20
      degrees C) and thawing. From these results it can be concluded that ES does not
      result in an appreciable disintegration of the inner membrane of muscle
      mitochondria.

PMID- 3841249
TI  - [A modified mating regimen for the laboratory mouse].

PMID- 3841250
TI  - [Pregnancy monitoring with the Westin gravidogram. I: Value of the cervix score
      in the diagnosis of premature labor].
AB  - The outpatient department for pregnant women at the district hospital, womens
      department of Suhl/GDR uses the so-called "gravidogram" according to Westin. To
      assess the predictive value of the cervix score (modus Westin) all patients had
      been examined vaginally on the occasion of each consultation. In 969 singleton
      pregnancies the rate of premature deliveries was 6.5% and so within the limits of
      international statistics. There was a remarkable tendency to newborns weighting
      more than 2000 g and a duration of pregnancy longer than 35 weeks. The shift
      involves more chances of a undisturbed development of the newborns. Repeated
      assessment of the cervix score in the course of pregnancy is recommended.

PMID- 3841251
TI  - Our experience with sacral evoked potentials in impotence.
AB  - Pudendal-pudendal and pelvic-pudendal sacral evoked potentials (ESP) were studied
      in 40 patients complaining of erectile impotence. Electromyographic results
      allowed us to recognize the organic cause of impotence in 4 men with visceral
      neuropathies. Sacral evoked responses extend our diagnostic possibilities in
      evaluating erectile impairment secondary to subclinical neurological
      abnormalities.

PMID- 3841252
TI  - Serum concentrations and urinary excretion of lidocaine and its two desethylated
      metabolites after spinal anaesthesia using lidocaine or lidocaine with
      phenylephrine.
AB  - In 13 patients undergoing transurethral prostatic resection under spinal
      anaesthesia with heavy lidocaine or with heavy lidocaine plus phenylephrine
      hydrochloride, the serum concentrations of lidocaine, monoethylglycinexylidide
      and glycinexylidide and their renal excretion were measured with a HPLC method.
      Seven patients were given lidocaine alone 1.25 mg/kg and six lidocaine 1.25 mg/kg
      mixed with phenylephrine hydrochloride 3 mg. There was no significant difference
      between the two groups either in the serum levels of lidocaine or in the renal
      excretion rate of lidocaine and its metabolites. This finding gives support to
      the opinion that phenylephrine in low doses has no prolonging effect on spinal
      anaesthesia performed with heavy lidocaine.

PMID- 3841253
TI  - Studies on the initial reactive sites for platelet activation. Cationized
      ferritin- and wheat germ agglutinin-binding sites on the cells.
AB  - The binding sites for cationized ferritin or ferritin-conjugated wheat germ
      agglutinin on the cell surface were studied on platelets before or after fixation
      in glutaraldehyde. The effects of neuraminidase on the binding sites were also
      demonstrated after fixation of the platelets. Changes in the binding sites and
      distribution pattern due to exposure to these ligands were further investigated
      in the unfixed platelets under a variety of conditions such as incubation time
      and medium. The fixed platelets incubated with either ligand showed an even and
      continuous distribution of particles on the cell surface. In the unfixed
      platelets, the ligands were rapidly moved and aggregated probably by lateral
      migration after binding to the cell surface. The ligands were also bound to the
      membrane surface and simultaneously appeared in the interior of the open
      canalicular system. As the binding sites were moved on the cell surface as well
      as into the open canalicular system, morphological changes suggestive of platelet
      secretion occurred. The binding sites of either ligand were redistributed on the
      platelet cell surface. Glycoprotein Ib, thought to be the receptor site for wheat
      germ agglutinin on the cell surface, contains sialic acids that contribute to the
      negative charge of platelets. Therefore, glycoprotein Ib may play an important
      role as the initial reactive site for thrombotic stimuli.

PMID- 3841254
TI  - [The structure of rabdoserrin A, isolated from Rabdosia serra (Maxim) Hara].

PMID- 3841255
TI  - [Studies on the chemical constituents of hubeibeimu (Fritillaria hupehensis Hsiao
      et K. C. Hsia). III. Isolation and identification of hupehenioside].

PMID- 3841256
TI  - Complete blockade and attenuation of 5-hydroxytryptamine induced analgesia
      following NA depletion in rats and mice.
AB  - The effect of pretreatment with the noradrenaline neurotoxin, N-2-chloroethyl-N
      ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP4), upon the analgesia induced by various doses of 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was examined in rats and mice. DSP4 treatment (2 X 50
      mg/kg, intraperitoneally) of rats caused a complete blockade of 5-HT induced
      analgesia in the tail-flick, hot-plate and shock titration tests. DSP4 treatment
      (1 X 50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) of mice caused a partial blockade of 5-HT
      induced analgesia in the hot-plate test, but no significant blockade in the tail
      flick test. These results are discussed with regard to serotonergic-noradrenergic
      interactions and the species discrepancy in nociceptive testing.

PMID- 3841257
TI  - [Normal pattern and semicomputerized clinical report of the visual evoked
      potential obtained using a gas lamp].

PMID- 3841259
TI  - Appearance of albumin-producing cells in the liver of analbuminemic rats on aging
      and administration of mutagens.
AB  - The lack in serum albumin in analbuminemic rats, a strain derived from Sprague
      Dawley rats, was found to be due to deficient synthesis of albumin in the liver
      caused by a disturbance in the processing of albumin mRNA. The serum albumin gene
      was cloned from analbuminemic rats and from parental normal Sprague-Dawley rats.
      Analyses of the nucleotide sequences of these albumin genes revealed that there
      is a seven base pair deletion in the HI intron of the albumin gene of
      analbuminemic rats. This deletion extends from the 5th to the 11th base of the 5'
      end of the intron causing change in the nucleotide sequence of the 5'-end of the
      HI intron from GTAGGTT to GTAGCGA. The HI intron sequence was found to be
      accumulated in the nuclear RNA of analbuminemic rat liver indicating blocking of
      mRNA splicing. Although analbuminemic rats are almost completely deficient in
      serum albumin, a small but appreciable amount of "albumin" was detected in their
      serum. This protein was purified by immunoprecipitation and SDS-gel
      electrophoresis and shown to have the same immunological crossreactivity and
      digestion patterns with V8 protease and papain as those of normal rat serum
      albumin. The concentration of "albumin" increased slightly upon aging of
      analbuminemic rats. The existence of serum albumin in hepatocytes of
      analbuminemic rats was studied immunohistochemically by the peroxidase anti
      peroxidase method. There were about 1/10(5) albumin-positive cells, presumably
      albumin-producing hepatocytes at birth, and their number increased gradually to
      100 approximately 200/10(4) about 24 months after birth. When the
      hepatocarcionogenic mutagen 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene was administered
      to analbuminemic rats, the number of albumin-positive cells in the liver
      increased 8-fold in 5 weeks and 10-fold in 15 weeks. A similar increase was
      observed after administration of acetylaminofluorene, but not after partial
      hepatectomy or administration of diethylnitrosamine.

PMID- 3841258
TI  - Sex-education needs and interests of high school students in a rural New York
      county.
AB  - Seventy-five boys and 88 girls from three high schools in a rural county of New
      York state took a sex-education quiz and were asked to describe their sexual and
      contraceptive experiences and sex-education interests. Consistent with most
      previous research, nonvirgin teenagers who earned better grades on the sex
      education quiz failed to use more effective contraceptives than nonvirgins who
      had performed poorly on the quiz. There was a striking similarity among students'
      descriptions of sex-education interests, regardless of their gender, previous
      enrollment in a health course, or experience with sexual intercourse. Very few
      teenagers (9%) were completely satisfied with their high school's current sex
      education program. The majority (57%) wanted to learn more about contraceptives
      and venereal disease prevention, either as the primary focus of their sex
      education curriculum or in combination with other topics such as sexual values,
      the biology of reproduction, and information about the human body. Many
      adolescents (19%) seemed confused about their sex-education needs and described a
      vague interest in everything sexual. Only 2% of the students thought sex
      education should provide them with erotic information or techniques for
      increasing sexual pleasure. The remaining students wished that their sex
      education courses would give them additional information solely about sexual
      values (5%) or the biology of reproduction and knowledge about the body (8%).

PMID- 3841260
TI  - [Chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer: clinical evaluation of chemotherapy
      for locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer and adjuvant chemotherapy for
      deeply invasive bladder cancer following radical cystectomy].
AB  - Sixteen patients with locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer were treated
      with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cis-DDP) alone or in combination with other
      drugs. Eight patients were given cis-DDP intravenously, 6 patients
      intraarterially and 2 by both methods. Seven patients (44%) showed a partial
      response, 2 showed a minor response and 4 remained unchanged. Of the 6 patients
      treated with arterial infusion, 3 achieved a partial response while only 2 of the
      8 patients administered intravenously showed a partial response. Eight patients
      with deeply invasive bladder cancer were treated with cis-DDP alone or in
      combination with other drugs following radical cystectomy. Cis-DDP was
      administered every week for 3 courses and every month for 12 courses at a dose of
      50 mg and cis-DDP, adriamycin and 5-FU (CAF) were administered at 3 weeks
      interval for 3 courses and every month for 12 courses. All patients in this group
      were alive with a median survival of 20 months. One patient had a recurrence 5
      months postoperatively. Adjuvant chemotherapy with cis-DDP or their combination
      was effective. Toxicity was generally tolerable.

PMID- 3841261
TI  - [Implant operation of penile inflatable prosthesis for a patient with erectile
      impotence due to radical cystectomy: a case report].
AB  - The hydraulically inflatable penile prosthesis consists of an inflate-deflate
      pump, a storage reservoir and paired cylinders and it is able to provided a more
      physiologically functional penis. We report our surgical experience of implant of
      an inflatable penile prosthesis for postoperative impotence. The patient was a 51
      year-old male with impotence, who had received radical cystectomy and ilial
      conduit formation for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (G3, pT3NoMo.) 9
      months earlier. There was nothing particular except for the postoperative status
      on physical, laboratory and X-ray examinations. He was diagnosed to have organic
      impotence (vasculogenic) by sexual functional tests. Auto-injection of the corpus
      cavernosum with papaverine HCl was attempted but an erection was not induced by
      the injection. So, implant operation of an inflatable penile prosthesis was
      performed by the lower abdominal approach. His postoperative course was
      uneventable and practice to deflate and inflate the cylinders was started at 2
      weeks after the operation and he was able to have sexual intercourse at 5 weeks
      after the surgery. Now (3 months after the operation), he can have sexual
      intercourse with an orgasm but without ejaculation and he and his wife are both
      satisfied with the postoperative status.

PMID- 3841262
TI  - Binding of lectin-fluorescein conjugates to intracellular compartments of growth
      plate chondrocytes in situ.
AB  - In this study, lectin-binding techniques are applied to growth-plate cartilage to
      analyze the intracellular localization of lectin-binding glycoconjugates of
      chondrocytes in situ. The binding of ten fluorescein-conjugated lectins is
      analyzed on 1-micron-thick Epon-embedded, nondecalcified sections of growth
      plates from Yucatan swine. Comparisons are made to intracellular binding in
      chondrocytes of tracheal, articular, and auricular cartilage. Ear epithelium,
      tracheal epithelium, and kidney are used as positive control tissues for the
      specificity of lectin binding. Only the mannose-binding lectins had affinity for
      the RER and nuclear envelope. Eight lectins reacted within the Golgi complex with
      characteristic patterns which ranged from localized fine linear strands to
      extensive vesicular accumulations. When cartilage slabs were exposed before
      embedment to the ionophore monensin to disrupt intracellular transport through
      the Golgi, it was possible to define differential subcompartments of the Golgi
      complex, based upon sites of sugar addition. Also, it was possible to
      characterize the cytoplasmic deposits of reserve-zone chondrocytes which were
      positive with concanavalin A as glycogen, based upon their sensitivity to
      amylase. This method allows resolution at the light-microscopic level of lectin
      binding glycoconjugates with localization to specific organelles. Patterns of
      intracellular binding were consistent with biochemical data relating to the
      subcellular localization of processing steps of complex carbohydrates prior to
      secretion.

PMID- 3841263
TI  - Regional distribution and release of peptide YY with fatty acids of different
      chain length.
AB  - The present study examines peptide YY responses to regional intestinal perfusion
      of fatty acids of different chain length--dodecanoate and oleate. Six dogs with
      chronic gastric, duodenal, and jejunal fistulas were studied. Proximal perfusates
      were administered into the duodenum and diverted through an intestinal fistula
      placed 45 cm beyond the duodenal cannula. Distal perfusates were administered
      into the caudal stoma of this intestinal stoma. Peptide YY responses to proximal,
      distal, and whole-gut perfusion were compared. Proximal perfusion with oleate or
      dodecanoate failed to release peptide YY. In contrast, distal and whole-gut
      perfusion with either fatty acid produced significant increases that were of
      similar magnitude. Immunocytochemical studies demonstrated that peptide YY cells
      predominated in the canine ileocolonic mucosa and decreased progressively in an
      orad direction. We conclude that peptide YY release is not dependent on fatty
      acid chain length and that the duodenum does not play a dominant role in peptide
      YY release. As such, peptide YY release differs from that of its cousin
      pancreatic polypeptide and may result at least in part from direct stimulation of
      the peptide YY cell in the ileocolonic mucosa.

PMID- 3841264
TI  - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in thymocytes of kittens.
AB  - Activity of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was measured in the
      thymus of 8- to 14-week-old kittens. Microscopic evidence of involution or other
      morphologic changes were not observed in formalin-fixed hematoxylin and eosin
      stained thymic tissue sections. Thymic tissue from young kittens (8 weeks old)
      had low TdT activity, as determined by enzymatic catalysis or immunoassay
      procedures. Markedly higher TdT activity was measured in thymic tissue of older
      kittens (13 to 14 weeks old). Feline TdT catalyzed the polymerization of
      deoxynucleotides at a higher rate in Mn2+ than in Mg2+. Results of protein
      immunoblotting experiments indicated that the major form of feline thymic TdT is
      a single, high molecular weight polypeptide in 13- to 14-week-old kittens.
      Detection of TdT activity in the feline thymus indicated that TdT may have the
      same diagnostic and therapeutic value in feline oncology as in human oncology.

PMID- 3841265
TI  - [Study of hereditary fructose intolerance by methods of molecular biology].
AB  - Fructose intolerance is caused by a deficit of the liver aldolase B enzyme. Its
      molecular mechanisms were studied at different sites: The protein was studied by
      a method combining electrophoresis, transfer and immunology. It was present in
      the 15 cases examined. The genetic variability was demonstrated by the
      quantitative differences of the immunoreactive proteins. Aldolase messenger RNA
      was prepared and used to direct in vitro synthesis of human aldolase. Cloning
      complementary DNA of human aldolase was achieved by using the messenger RNA. Two
      clones were prepared. The aldolase B gene was then analysed using restriction
      enzymes in 60 control subjects and 11 patients. An abnormality of the DNA was
      demonstrated in one of the patients and in her father.

PMID- 3841266
TI  - [Association of autoimmune dementia, Basedow's disease, and Gougerot-Sjogren
      syndrome].
AB  - The authors observed one case of myoclonic dementia reversible with steroid
      therapy, associated with Grave's disease and Sjogren's syndrome. A circulating
      IgG fraction was demonstrated reacting specifically with cerebral micro-vessels
      and which evolved in parallel with the neuro-psychiatric disturbances. These
      results support the hypothesis of an autoimmune vasculitis causing the dementia.
      The persistence of abnormalities one year after clinical cure showing an
      alteration of the blood-brain barrier associated with the appearance of
      circulating antibodies against the hypophyseal cells, and in view of the
      predictive value of these antibodies, suggests a possibility of the eventual
      apparition of an Alzheimer type dementia.

PMID- 3841267
TI  - Surgical management of massive perianal hidradenitis suppurativa.
AB  - Hidradenitis suppurativa of the perineum and buttocks is a devastating disease
      often causing patients years of pain, discomfort, and eventual social isolation.
      The chronic form of the disease results from a lack of aggressive surgical
      intervention when the patient is first seen. It is characterized by a malodorous
      drainage from multiple sinus tracts encased in marked scarred and fibrotic
      tissue. In contrast to axillary involvement, the perianal form of hidradenitis
      suppurativa is associated with an increased frequency of anemia, fistulous
      communications with bowel and urinary tract, and the development of carcinomas.
      Several cases illustrating the debilitating nature of the disease and its optimal
      management are presented. This report illustrates that (1) a well-planned
      preoperative and postoperative bowel regimen can eliminate the need for a
      diverting colostomy, even in the most extensive forms of perianal disease, (2)
      radical excision is expedited and blood loss is minimized by the use of a Shaw
      hot knife (Oximetrix, Mountain View, CA), (3) the quilted application of meshed
      split-thickness skin grafts as a primary procedure provides rapid closure of the
      surgical defect and minimizes patient discomfort, and (4) aggressive surgical
      intervention in severe cases provides a chance for a rapid recovery from this
      crippling disease.

PMID- 3841268
TI  - Singapore in international comparisons of birthweight and perinatal mortality.
AB  - The position of Singapore as regards birthweight distribution and perinatal
      mortality has been compared with six countries in the 1973 WHO study namely,
      Austria, Cuba, Hungary, Japan, New Zealand and Sweden. Birthweight distribution
      and perinatal mortality reflect both the social and health conditions of a
      population and the standards of obstetric and paediatric care, and seeing where a
      country ranks in the international comparison of them may play a role in the
      formulation of health policy for that country. Singapore was well placed for the
      proportion of very low birthweight babies (less than 1,500 grams), ranking 2nd
      for both live births (0.5%) and total births (0.7%). It was however not so well
      placed for proportion of low birthweight babies (less than 2,500 grams), ranking
      5th for both live births (8.8%) and total births (9.2%). With regard to perinatal
      mortality Singapore at 20.0 per 1,000 total births ranked 4th and this improved
      to 3rd after standardizing for birthweight and in fact was little different from
      Hungary (1st) and Sweden (2nd). Given that standardization for birthweight
      largely removes the effect of "socioeconomic and demographic factors" so that
      remaining differences to a large extent reflect medical care, this indicates a
      relatively high standard of perinatal care in Singapore. The problems of
      interpretation, the implications of the findings and suggestions for improving
      birth statistics in Singapore are discussed.

PMID- 3841269
TI  - Do leukotrienes account for antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea
      pig?

PMID- 3841270
TI  - Multiple sclerosis: activated cells in cerebrospinal fluid in acute
      exacerbations.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytes from three young patients undergoing acute
      exacerbations of multiple sclerosis were studied by flow cytometry. Using a new
      method that simultaneously measures cell-surface antigens and the cell-cycle
      phase, we determined that the CSF lymphocytes in these patients were activated.
      The majority of the activated cells expressed the OKT4 phenotype, while very few
      expressed the OKT8 phenotype.

PMID- 3841271
TI  - Interferon in papilloma virus infections.
AB  - To date (5/2/85), systemic leukocyte interferon has been shown to have little or
      no therapeutic effect on cutaneous warts. On the other hand, leukocyte interferon
      administered systemically may have a significant adjunctive role to play in
      management of recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis, but this is difficult to
      determine in the absence of placebo controlled, double blind studies.
      Intralesional administration of leukocyte interferon for cutaneous warts is able
      to eradicate individual warts, but is not practical presently because the
      responses are delayed and require multiple injections. Further studies are
      necessary to determine whether clinically practical regimens can be achieved.

PMID- 3841272
TI  - [Non-immunologic hydrops fetalis and congenital chylothorax].
AB  - A child was born at the 37th week of pregnancy with hydrops fetalis. Hydramnios
      and hydrothorax had been proven by fetal ultrasonography. No fetal or maternal
      etiology was found. At age 4 days, at the beginning of enteral nutrition, the
      pleural effusion became characteristic of chylothorax. Recovery occurred after 2
      weeks of parenteral nutrition. Chylothorax might be an unrecognized etiology of
      non immune hydrops fetalis. The relationships between both conditions and the
      interest of prenatal treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3841273
TI  - [Nitrogen fractions of human milk during the first week of lactation. Comparison
      of milk from mothers of term and premature newborn infants].
AB  - Nitrogen fractions in human milk (total nitrogen, non protein nitrogen, casein
      nitrogen and soluble protein nitrogen) were determined by direct dosage or by
      calculation during the first 7 days of lactation in 61 mothers feeding
      artificially. Twenty-five delivered at term and 36 prematurely. In all cases a
      decrease in all nitrogen fractions was observed. The amounts of total nitrogen
      and soluble proteins were similar in both groups. A difference in the
      distribution of the nitrogen fractions occurs only on the 8th day following
      delivery. Milk from mothers who deliver prematurely contains more casein and less
      non protein nitrogen amounts.

PMID- 3841274
TI  - PHI-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of the cockroach (insect) and
      Aplysia (mollusc) with special reference to its relationship to VIP-like
      immunoreactivity.
AB  - Studies in mammals have indicated that PHI (peptide histidine isoleucine) and VIP
      (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) share a prepropeptide, and that both peptides
      are contained in the same neurons. The present study proposes that this
      relationship may not hold true in protostomian invertebrates. In the nervous
      system of the cockroach (Insecta, Arthropoda) and Aplysia (Gastropoda, Mollusca)
      distribution of PHI and VIP was examined by immunocytochemistry. In both animals
      neurons containing PHI-like immunoreactivity were numerously found and only a
      small part of them in the cockroach contained VIP-like immunoreactivity. These
      findings suggest that in these invertebrates, PHI may play a more important
      regulatory role than VIP. Possible reasons for the difference in the distribution
      of immunoreactivities for PHI and VIP are discussed.

PMID- 3841275
TI  - [Use of "fermosine"--fodder yeast in a multi-generation trial with chickens. 3.
      Evaluation of health safety in a long-term toxicologic test].
AB  - In a 3-generation experiment with a total of 2520 hens and 210 cocks of the
      species 'White Leghorn' kept in cages, the compatibility of 5.0%, 7.5% and 15%
      'fermosin' torula yeast in the mixed feed ration was tested under long-term
      toxicologic aspects. The parameters investigated and relevant for the
      toxicological statement, with high probability, did not show a negative influence
      of the test ration. Thus, a good compatibility of the tested yeast product
      'fermosin' for laying hens can be stated.

PMID- 3841276
TI  - [Annual meeting of the Society for Nutrition of East Germany. Animal Nutrition
      Section. 10-11 October 1984, Rostock. Abstracts].

PMID- 3841277
TI  - [Immunosuppressive effects of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human
      lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages. II. Roles of T cells and monocytes
      macrophages in the suppression of PWM-induced immunoglobulin synthesis].

PMID- 3841278
TI  - [Morphology of the sinoatrial node and its vascularization in the heart of
      stillborn term infants].

PMID- 3841279
TI  - Initial experience with vincristine, adriamycin and cisdichlorodiammine platinum
      combination chemotherapy of advanced ovarian carcinoma.

PMID- 3841280
TI  - Efficacy of ivermectin against nematodes of horses, including small strongyles
      resistant to benzimidazole.

PMID- 3841281
TI  - [Protein metabolism in the small for gestational age newborn in relation to the
      severity of fetal malnutrition].
AB  - The daily nitrogen balance, the amino acid concentrations in serum and urine, and
      the bile acid concentrations in the serum on the eighth day of life were
      estimated in newborn infants small for gestational age with different degrees of
      fetal malnutrition. The amino acid concentrations in urine and serum as well as
      the total nitrogen losses by urine increase in dependence on the severity of
      fetal malnutrition. In addition the bile acid concentrations were elevated
      whereas the urea concentrations in serum remained unchanged. These results point
      to a deranged liver function which depends on the degree of fetal malnutrition.
      These special metabolic conditions have to be considered in the nutrition of such
      infants. The bile acid concentrations seem to be an efficient parameter to
      estimate this metabolic situation.

PMID- 3841282
TI  - Lung surfactant prevents allergic bronchial constriction in ovalbumin sensitized
      guinea pigs.
AB  - The stimulation of intrabronchial mast cells and macrophages by inhaled allergens
      play a major role in allergic bronchial asthma. Bronchial surfactant is proposed
      to change cell surface receptor response in the bronchial tree. In this
      investigation natural surfactant was found to reduce bronchial obstruction after
      intratracheal ovalbumin challenge in artificially ventilated guinea pigs
      sensitized to ovalbumin. After ovalbumin challenge tidal volume decreased to 59.2
      +/- 14 % of the control value in surfactant treated animals. In solvent treated
      and untreated control animals, tidal volume decreased to 18.8 +/- 11% and 18.1 +/
      11% of the control value, respectively.

PMID- 3841283
TI  - Deoxynucleotide sequence of an insect cDNA codes for an unreported member of the
      Chironomus thummi globin family.
AB  - Synthetic oligonucleotides served as probes to isolate insect globin clones from
      a Chironomus thummi cDNA bank. The cDNA insert of one clone (pC-S9) was
      completely sequenced by the dideoxy termination procedure. Beginning at the 5'
      end of the coding region, the 584 base pair sequence encodes most of an N
      terminal hydrophobic signal sequence and the complete sequence for a mature
      secreted globin, and contains a polyadenylation recognition site 3' to an
      appropriate stop codon. The inferred amino acid sequence is that of an unreported
      variant of hemoglobin VIIB. Based on the number of differences between Hb VIIB
      chains, the pC-S9 gene has been evolutionarily independent longer than the other
      (two) members of the globin VIIB subfamily.

PMID- 3841284
TI  - Distribution pattern of sudanophilic plaques in the descending thoracic and
      proximal abdominal human aorta.
AB  - The localization of sudanophilic plaques around the intercostal ostia and the
      origin of the superior mesenteric and coeliac artery was examined in 38 human
      aortae. The perimeter of the opened aorta and the outline of each sudanophilic
      plaque were digitized and computerized. By means of a special program the results
      were displayed as progressive contour lines connecting points with an equal
      frequency of plaques. This study shows that the sudanophilic plaques have a
      distinct spatial distribution both in the thoracic and abdominal aorta. Around
      the intercostal ostia peak frequency of plaques is found just proximal to the
      lower lip of the ostia. In the bifurcation of both the superior mesenteric and
      coeliac artery the plaques are present on the outer walls while the inner walls
      and the apex itself are free of plaques.

PMID- 3841285
TI  - Nutrition of newborns small for gestational age with human milk lyophilisate
      enriched human milk during the first week of life.
AB  - In 24 very low birth weight infants appropriate or small for gestational age, the
      metabolic response to nutrition with human milk lyophilisate enriched human milk
      was estimated during the first week of life. In contrast to newborns appropriate
      for gestational age, in newborns small for gestational age signs of metabolic
      overloading could be observed: increased urinary amino acid excretion and
      neonatal cholestasis. Both depended on the degree of fetal growth retardation. It
      was concluded that nutrition with human milk lyophilisate enriched human milk
      cannot be recommended for very low birth weight infants during the first week of
      life. In newborns small for gestational age the metabolic situation has to be
      estimated before starting a high protein diet. If the level of total bile acids
      amounts to more than 30 mumol/l, protein intake should be increased carefully
      during the first week of life.

PMID- 3841286
TI  - Intrathecal morphine and multiple fractured ribs.

PMID- 3841287
TI  - 2,3-Cyclopyrophosphoglycerate in methanogens: evidence by 13C NMR spectroscopy
      for a role in carbohydrate metabolism.
AB  - The novel compound 2,3-cyclopyrophosphoglycerate (CPP) is the major small
      molecule carbon pool in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. High-field 13C NMR
      13CO2 pulse/unenriched CO2 chase experiments have shown that the labeled CPP
      rapidly loses its 13C to an insoluble pool, while the CPP steady-state
      concentration is maintained (as monitored by 31P NMR spectroscopy). The
      biosynthesis of CPP from CO2, acetyl coenzyme A, and pyruvate as precursors has
      been established by a 13C NMR study of ethanol extracts of Mb.
      thermoautotrophicum fed with 13CO2, [1-13C]- and [2-13C]acetate, and [1
      13C]pyruvate. That CPP is a post-phosphoenolpyruvate metabolite has been
      confirmed by in vitro experiments with cell extracts. A role for CPP in
      carbohydrate metabolism was established when [1-13C]glucose fed to cells resulted
      in the formation of [3-13C]CPP exclusively. Possible functions of CPP within the
      cell are discussed.

PMID- 3841288
TI  - Amino acid sequence of an active fragment of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin light
      chain kinase.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of a 368-residue segment at the carboxyl-terminus of
      rabbit skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) has been determined. The
      sequence was derived primarily from analysis of two complementary sets of
      fragments obtained by cleavage at methionyl and arginyl bonds in S
      carboxymethylated MLCK. The segment included a 360-residue fragment produced by
      limited tryptic digestion of MLCK. This fragment was both catalytically active
      and dependent on Ca2+-calmodulin. Unique structural features of MLCK have been
      identified, and a likely calmodulin interaction site is suggested. Sequence
      comparisons of MLCK to other protein kinases indicate close structural
      relationships in spite of marked differences in physicochemical properties,
      enzymatic characteristics, and regulatory response among these enzymes.

PMID- 3841289
TI  - Influence of glycophorin incorporation on Ca2+-induced fusion of
      phosphatidylserine vesicles.
AB  - The effect of incorporation of glycophorin, the major integral sialoglycoprotein
      of the erythrocyte membrane, into bovine brain phosphatidylserine (PS) vesicles
      on the Ca2+-induced fusion of these vesicles has been investigated. Fusion was
      monitored by the terbium-dipicolinic acid fluorescence assay for the mixing of
      aqueous contents of the vesicles and by a resonance energy transfer assay that
      follows the intermixing of membrane lipids. The Ca2+-induced fusion of PS
      vesicles is completely prevented by incorporation of glycophorin (molar ratio of
      PS/glycophorin = 400-500:1) for Ca2+ concentrations up to 50 mM. The ability to
      fuse is partially restored after treating the glycophorin-containing vesicles
      with neuraminidase, which removes the negatively charged sialic acid residues of
      glycophorin. Fusion is further facilitated by trypsin treatment, removing the
      entire extravesicular glycosylated head group of glycophorin. However, Ca2+
      induced fusion of enzyme-treated glycophorin-PS vesicles proceeds at a slower
      rate and to a smaller extent than fusion of protein-free PS vesicles. The
      influence of the aggregation state of the glycophorin molecules on fusion has
      been investigated in experiments using wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Addition of
      WGA to the glycophorin-PS vesicles does not induce fusion. However, upon
      subsequent addition of Ca2+, distinct fusion occurs concomitantly with release of
      vesicle contents. The inhibition of Ca2+-induced fusion of PS vesicles by
      incorporation of glycophorin is explained by a combination of steric hindrance
      and electrostatic repulsion between the vesicles by the glycosylated head group
      of glycophorin and a direct bilayer stabilization by the intramembranous
      hydrophobic part of the glycophorin molecule.

PMID- 3841290
TI  - A new bacterial dehydrogenase oxidizing the lignin model compound
      guaiacylglycerol beta-O-4-guaiacyl ether.
AB  - A lignin model compound, named in short guaiagylglycerol beta-guaiacyl ether
      (GGE), contains the beta-0-4 ether linkage that is common in the chemical
      structure of lignin. A Pseudomonas sp. (GU5) had been isolated as an organism
      able to grow with GGE as the sole source of carbon and energy. When grown on
      vanillate, the bacteria contained a NAD+ -dependent dehydrogenase converting GGE
      to a 355 nm absorbing product. The enzyme, named GGE-dehydrogenase, was purified
      about 160-fold using gel permeation, ion exchange on DEAE-Sephadex, and dye
      ligand affinity chromatography. The new protein was about 52 kDa in apparent size
      with but one polypeptide chain after denaturation and reduction. According to
      several criteria, the product of GGE oxidation (Km = 12 microM) was identified as
      the corresponding conjugated ketone at the alpha-carbon of the C3 side-chain. The
      secondary alcohol function in GGE was apparently the sole target of the enzyme
      action. However the conversion of GGE into ketone catalyzed by the enzyme was
      only partial, and did not exceed 50%, probably because only one of the alpha
      enantiomers was susceptible to enzyme attack. In contrast the ketone, either made
      by organic synthesis or by enzymic oxidation of GGE, could be totally reduced
      back to GGE (Km = 13 microM at pH 8.4, 8 microM at neutral pH), with NADH as the
      reductant, as confirmed by UV absorption and NMR spectra. Other model compounds
      with no primary alcoholic function, ether linkage or phenolic group were also
      substrates for the enzyme, confirming the specificity of GGE-dehydrogenase for
      the alpha-carbon position. Conjugation of the alpha-ketone with an adjacent
      phenolic nucleus interfered strongly with equilibrium constants and redox
      potentials of the system according to pH, and the enzyme displayed widely
      different optima with pH over 9 when oxidizing GGE, below 7 when reducing the
      ketone. Equilibrium studies showed that the ketone/GGE potential was -0.37 volt
      at pH 8.7, -0.23 volt at pH 7 (30 degrees C). The significance of this new
      dehydrogenase and its properties are discussed, especially in the general concern
      of lignin biodegradation.

PMID- 3841291
TI  - Effect of dietary mineral and vitamin D content and parathyroidectomy on the
      plasma disappearance rate of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rats.
AB  - The plasma disappearance rate of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] was
      determined in rats after a single intravenous injection of the tritiated hormone.
      Tritiated 1,25-(OH)2D3 (120 Ci mmol-1) was administered to rats at a dose of 400
      000 dpm kg-1 body weight and the animals were bled between 0 and 8 hours. The
      dose was estimated to produce negligible perturbations in endogenous plasma
      levels of 1,25-(OH)2D3. The plasma disappearance of 3H-1,25-(OH)2D3 occurred in
      two phases. The second phase plasma half-life of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in immature 25- to
      35-day-old animals (4.7 hours) was significantly shorter than the second phase
      plasma half-life of maturing 49- to 65-day-old animals (8.0 hours). Phosphorus
      deprivation for 12 days significantly prolonged the second phase plasma half-life
      of 1,25-(OH)2D3 from a control value of 4.9 hours to 10.4 hours.
      Parathyroidectomy, regardless of the plasma calcium concentrations, shortened the
      second phase plasma half-life of 1,25-(OH)2D3 from control values of 9.1 hours to
      5.0 hours. Calcium deprivation for 7 days did not alter the second phase plasma
      half-life of 1,25-(OH)2D3. Vitamin D deprivation for 5 weeks increased the second
      phase plasma half-life from 11.0 to 19.9 hours but the difference was not
      significant.

PMID- 3841293
TI  - Neural and anatomic characteristics of peripheral afferent fibers in the milk
      ejection reflex.
AB  - Conduction velocities were measured and certain morphologic characteristics were
      examined of the abdominal mammary nerve in two- to ten-day postpartum rats. This
      nerve enters the spinal cord at the spinal segmental level T-12. Overall
      conduction velocity was (Mean +/- S.D.) 18.9 +/- 2.25 m/sec with a major peak at
      9.7 +/- 0.72 m/sec. The distribution of conduction velocities in the nerve was
      similar to that of a typical spinal nerve. Nerve fiber diameters measured between
      about 1 and 25 microns with peaks at 4.9, 10.5, and 18.9 microns. Injection into
      the peripheral nerve of fluorescent dye, Lucifer yellow CH (LY), or wheat germ
      agglutinin-coupled horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) after ventral root rhizotomy
      permitted study of the distribution of primary afferents in the spinal cord. The
      terminal field of these fibers centered around the dorsal cap of Clarke's column
      and the lateral spinal nucleus, bilaterally. The distribution of WGA-HRP was more
      restricted than that of LY. A large number of LY-staining fibers were also found
      ipsilaterally in the medial portion of the intermediomedial column. A smaller
      amount of LY-staining was present contralaterally in the area of the
      spinothalamic tract. It is concluded that afferent impulses resulting from
      mammary stimulation in the milk ejection reflex are probably carried in a mixed
      spinal nerve whose primary afferent field lies mainly in ipsilateral spinal
      structures, although there is some evidence for crossing fibers. The data suggest
      that considerable opportunity exists for interaction with major sensory afferent
      fiber systems as well as with autonomic fibers. Hence, the spinal path of
      afferent information relevant for the milk ejection reflex may well be diffuse
      and it may involve several sensory modalities.

PMID- 3841292
TI  - Sequence similarity ('homology') searching for molecular biologists.

PMID- 3841294
TI  - Intrahippocampal injections of antiserum to nerve growth factor inhibit
      sympathohippocampal sprouting.
AB  - Following lesions of the fimbria/fornix system in the rat, noradrenergic
      sympathetic fibers grow into the hippocampal formation. It has been postulated
      that these fibers collateralize in response to the presence of a neurotrophic
      substance similar to Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). We tested this by injecting into
      the rat hippocampus antibody to NGF, or control serum (contralateral control),
      immediately prior to a bilateral fimbria/fornix transection. In fluorescent
      histochemical preparations at four to five weeks following surgery, there are
      fewer large, brightly fluorescent fibers around the injection site on the
      experimental side when compared with the contralateral control side. These
      results support the hypothesis that NGF, or an NGF-like substance, plays an
      important role in the sprouting of sympathetic fibers into the denervated
      hippocampal formation.

PMID- 3841295
TI  - Further evaluation of a simple test for determining the integrity of spermatozoal
      membranes.
AB  - A simple test of membrane function in spermatozoa has been evaluated by
      subjecting them to hypo-osmotic stress and determining their swelling
      characteristics. Correlations between the values from this test and other seminal
      parameters were poor (r less than 0.42), and after correction for the number of
      dead spermatozoa present, the relationships became weaker (r less than 0.23).
      Further investigations with respect to other functional tests of spermatozoal
      quality (e.g. penetration of homologous and heterologous ova) are warranted
      before the swelling test is adopted for general routine use.

PMID- 3841296
TI  - Shapes of benz[a]anthracenes: the crystal and molecular structure of 2
      methylbenz[a]anthracene.
AB  - The crystal structure of 2-methylbenz[a]anthracene (2-MBA), the least
      carcinogenically active of the monomethylbenz[a]anthracenes, has been determined
      by application of direct methods to single-crystal X-ray diffractometric data and
      refined by least squares to R = 0.033 (Rw = 0.035). Deviations of the carbon
      atoms from the mean molecular plane are much smaller than in the rather more
      active 1-MBA; in 2-MBA, the benzo-ring A is inclined at about 2 degrees to each
      of the three rings in the anthracene moiety and even the methyl carbon atom is
      displaced by only 0.07 A from the ring-carbon atom plane of 2-MBA (and by 0.01 A
      from the ring-A plane). As in other MBA, the shortest C-C bond in this accurately
      determined structure is at the K-region (C(5)-C(6) = 1.330(3) A) but three other
      bonds are short; C(8)-C(9) = 1.347(4), C(10)-C(11) = 1.353(3) and the M-region
      bond C(3)-C(4) = 1.359(4) A (0.003 A longer if corrected for rigid-body
      librations). The 2-methyl group appears to take up two orientations with one trio
      of hydrogen positions more favored than the other.

PMID- 3841297
TI  - [Hydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D. Therapeutic use of calcitriol and
      dihydrotachysterol].

PMID- 3841298
TI  - Functional radiographs of the craniocervical region and the cervical spine. A new
      computer-aided technique.
AB  - Disabilities of the articulations of the head and cervical spine can often be
      detected only by exact measurement of functional radiographs. From two
      radiographs, one in flexion and one in extension, not only can the total mobility
      of the head be measured, but also the mobility of the individual articulations
      can be evaluated by taking exact measurements of the position of each vertebra. A
      method for semi-automatic measuring of such pairs of radiographs is presented.
      Edges and structures of the bones that are clearly visible in both radiographs
      are digitized on a graphics tablet. Then, by computer program, each vertebra of
      the first radiograph is shifted and rotated until it fits best to the respective
      vertebra of the second radiograph. Thus, for each articulation, the mobility
      angle and the location of the mobility axis relative to the adjacent vertebra,
      can be computed. First experiences with this method are presented.

PMID- 3841299
TI  - [Determination of the structure of penberol metabolites. II. Use of deuterated
      penberol and GC/MS technics].

PMID- 3841300
TI  - Isolation of a new toxin, prosurugatoxin, from the toxic Japanese ivory shell,
      Babylonia japonica.

PMID- 3841301
TI  - The biological activities of 3,4-O-isopropylidene-3,3'4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene.

PMID- 3841302
TI  - Luminol chemiluminescence and peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acid induced by
      the xanthine oxidase system: effect of oxygen radical scavengers.

PMID- 3841303
TI  - Surface property changes from interactions of albumin with natural lung
      surfactant and extracted lung lipids.
AB  - These experiments characterize the effects of albumin on the dynamic surface
      activity of natural lung surfactant (LS), and an extracted mixed lipid fraction
      (CLL), at physiologic temperature, humidity, and film cycling rate on an
      oscillating bubble apparatus. Measurements of albumin effects on the surface
      pressure-time (pi-t) adsorption isotherms of CLL and LS are also reported.
      Results show that albumin in concentrations greater than or equal to 20 mg/ml
      increased the minimum dynamic surface tension of LS suspensions (0.4 mg
      phospholipid/ml) from less than 1 dyne/cm to 21 dynes/cm at 37 degrees C. Albumin
      in low concentrations (2 mg/ml) had a similar detrimental effect on the dynamic
      surface activity of extracted surfactant lipids, CLL. In addition, albumin also
      inhibited the isolated adsorption facility of LS and CLL; instead of adsorbing
      rapidly to their maximum spreading pressures of 45 dynes/cm, both surfactant
      mixtures (at 0.063 and 0.125 mg phospholipid/ml) adsorbed more slowly or reached
      lower final surface pressures in the presence of plasma protein. A striking
      finding was that albumin inhibition of surface activity was moderated or
      abolished at high lipid concentrations. For example, minimum dynamic surface
      tensions less than 1 dyne/cm were reached on the oscillating bubble for natural
      LS at concentrations greater than 0.75 mg/ml and CLL at concentrations greater
      than 1.5 mg/ml, even in the presence of very large amounts of albumin (100
      mg/ml). Similarly, LS and CLL adsorption facility was protected from albumin
      inhibition at sufficiently high phospholipid concentrations. Albumin inhibition
      of natural LS adsorption was also moderated by the presence of 1.4 mM Ca2+ ions.
      These results show that albumin in plasma transudates has the potential to
      seriously impair alveolar surfactant activity in vivo. However, the detrimental
      effect will be mitigated if a critical threshold of phospholipid is present.

PMID- 3841304
TI  - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to deficient cholesterol side-chain cleavage
      activity (20, 22-desmolase) in a patient treated for 18 years.
AB  - Two siblings, a 9-week-old female and an 18-year-old male pseudohermaphrodite are
      described with deficient cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity. The female
      died untreated in 1954; the second sibling, a phenotypically female infant with
      46 XY karyotype, was diagnosed at age 5 weeks. Massive adrenal hyperplasia was
      revealed by intravenous pyelography showing downward displacement of the kidneys.
      Secretion rates of cortisol, aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone
      were unmeasurable. Urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS),
      tetrahydrocortisol, 17-ketosteroids (17-KS), pregnanetriol, pregnanediol, and
      delta 5-3 beta-ol steroids were not detected during prolonged administration of
      ACTH. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of gonadotrophins were
      increased. Gonadal mitochondria did not convert radiolabelled cholesterol to
      pregnenolone. The gluccocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficiencies have been
      controlled well by steroid replacement therapy. Plasma ACTH concentrations and
      plasma renin activity remained strikingly elevated even when supraphysiologic
      doses of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids were given. Oestrogen replacement
      alone induced a pubertal growth spurt. The differential diagnosis, the effects of
      long-term steroid replacement therapy, and comparison with previously reported
      findings are discussed.

PMID- 3841305
TI  - Antithyroglobulin monoclonal and autoantibodies cross-react with an orbital
      connective tissue membrane antigen: a possible mechanism for the association of
      ophthalmopathy with autoimmune thyroid disorders.
AB  - The possibility that Graves' ophthalmopathy and autoimmune thyroid disorders may
      be associated because of autoimmune reactions against antigens shared between
      human orbital and thyroid tissues was investigated using anti-thyroglobulin (Tg)
      monoclonal and autoantibodies. Eleven of 16 mouse monoclonal antibodies (MCAB)
      tested reacted, in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with an antigen
      in human orbital connective tissue membranes (OCTmem), but not with the OCT
      soluble fraction, or with membrane or soluble fractions of human eye muscle,
      lacrimal gland or skin connective tissue. The anti-OCTmem activity was absorbed
      by OCTmem and Tg, but not by liver membranes or bovine serum albumin (BSA). In
      preliminary studies four out of 113 human MCAB against thyroid or orbital tissue
      antigens showed reactivity restricted to Tg and OCTmem. Sera from approximately
      50% of patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders, with or without
      ophthalmopathy, also reacted with OCTmem. The autoantibody activity correlated
      closely with serum titres of antithyroglobulin but not with the presence,
      duration, or severity of the eye disease. The OCTmem reactivity was absorbed by
      Tg, thyroid membranes, and OCTmem but not liver membranes, membranes prepared
      from other orbital tissues, or BSA. The OCTmem-Tg shared antigen site appeared
      not to be native thyroglobulin since, (i) MCAB and serum autoantibodies did not
      react with the cytosol fraction of OCT, and (ii) because the membrane antigen was
      not solubilizable. Because not all patients with ophthalmopathy have detectable
      anti-Tg antibodies and, conversely, because not all patients with detectable anti
      Tg antibodies develop ophthalmopathy it is unlikely that autoimmunity against a
      OCTmem-Tg shared antigen is the primary mechanism of Graves' ophthalmopathy,
      although this possibility has not been excluded. On the other hand the reaction
      of anti-Tg autoantibodies with OCT membranes may be a model for other autoimmune
      reactions against other thyroid-orbital tissue-shared antigens. While the
      pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy is likely to be multifactorial, humoral
      and cellular reactions against primary orbital antigens, thyroid-orbitol tissue
      shared antigens, or both, are likely to play important roles.

PMID- 3841306
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases: a pilot education programme in Queensland.

PMID- 3841307
TI  - A comparison of the major surfactant-associated proteins in different species.
AB  - We examined the major surfactant-associated proteins in a number of species by
      using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, protein blotting and immunostaining.
      All species have a 30,000 to 35,000 mol. wt protein group consisting of multiple
      isoforms with isoelectric points ranging from pH 4.4 to 5.6. The techniques used
      in this study have resolved three component subgroups within the 35 K group. A
      group of proteins at 60,000-65,000 mol. wt has also been consistently identified.
      We conclude that remarkable similarity exists among the major surfactant
      associated proteins from various mammals with regard to isoelectric points,
      molecular weights and antigenic sites.

PMID- 3841309
TI  - [Tennis elbow. Treatment of disabling forms by ablation of the humeroradial
      meniscus].

PMID- 3841308
TI  - Effects of anordrin and its analogue on antifertility.
AB  - Anordrin has been used as an effective postcoital contraceptive in China. The
      mechanism of anordrin and its analogue SIPPR-113 on antifertility has been
      studied. Anordrin and SIPPR-113 possessed estrogenicities and induced decrease in
      serum progesterone levels in rats. Their antiprogesterone activities might be
      mainly caused by their estrogenicities, which were the main but not the only
      contributors for the antifertility. The direct effects of anordrin and SIPPR-113
      on human trophoblast cells were studied. A concentration of 50 micrograms/ml or
      100 micrograms/ml of anordrin or SIPPR-113 could injure the human trophoblast
      cells in vitro. The uterine Pontamine blue reaction of mated rats was inhibited
      in those treated with anordrin or SIPPR-113 at the dose of 4 mg/kg. Anordrin,
      SIPPR-113 or AF-45 was given orally, intramuscularly and intravenously. The
      effects of drugs administered via the three routes were nearly the same. This
      study further demonstrated that anordrin was hydrolyzed to break its bond of
      dipropionate and was transformed into its parent steroid AF-45 to exert its
      antifertility effects in vivo. This study warrants that anordrin should been
      evaluated further.

PMID- 3841310
TI  - [Changes in circulatory prostacyclin in diabetics].

PMID- 3841311
TI  - [Thiamine diphosphate absorption by the cells of Pliss lymphosarcoma and Ehrlich
      ascitic cancer].
AB  - Concentration difference of vitamin B1 coenzyme in blood and in ascitic fluid was
      found in mice with the Ehrlich ascites tumour. The thiamine diphosphate
      deficiency was detected in the liver of rats with the Pliss lymphosarcoma. The
      introduction of cocarboxylase to animals was accompanied by the active absorption
      of this coenzyme by tumours. It is observed that experimental tumours disturb the
      vitamin B1 balance in the organism.

PMID- 3841312
TI  - [Heterogeneity of L-line cells in the early stages of clone development].
AB  - The clonal study of L cell culture has shown that the clone-forming cells are
      heterogeneous both in form and in the activities of enzymes (succinate
      dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, NAD- and NADP-diaphorase) which were
      determined by histochemical methods. The morphological heterogeneity is
      characteristic for clones with not less than 10 cells manifesting itself earlier
      and heterogeneity as to the activity of the studied enzymes--later, in clones
      with more than 15-20 cells.

PMID- 3841314
TI  - Epidemiology for and with a distrustful community.
AB  - The epidemiology of diseases associated with chemical waste disposal sites has
      often been delayed for years after the affected community became aware of the
      exposure. Frequently, this has resulted in an aroused neighborhood community that
      is distrustful of those public agencies and officials responsible for protecting
      their health. It is thus important that positive steps be taken to alleviate the
      antagonism and to involve the community in an active and constructive role in the
      epidemiology study. This paper presents a case history of such an incident and
      highlights some of the lessons learned. The first steps were to involve and
      inform the community. A citizen and industry advisory committee was formed to
      participate in the work, publish a newsletter, and conduct regular community
      meetings. The newsletter and the community meetings were used to identify
      problems and to explain them; to describe uncertainties of a scientific as well
      as of political or financial nature; to involve community leaders, including
      those distrustful; to conduct an epidemiologic census and a neighborhood
      environmental exposure survey. The end results were a defusing of the antagonism
      toward authorities, complete acceptance by the community of the merit of the
      report, a higher quality of report than might otherwise have been possible, and
      the freedom to move toward alleviating the problems of the disposal site.

PMID- 3841313
TI  - Nitropyrene: DNA binding and adduct formation in respiratory tissues.
AB  - Binding of 1-nitro (14C)pyrene (NP) or its metabolites to cellular DNA and
      protein in cultures of rabbit alveolar macrophages, lung tissue, and tracheal
      tissue was examined. DNA binding in tracheal tissue (136 +/- 18.3 pmole NP/mg
      DNA) was four to five times the levels measured in either lung tissue (38 +/- 9.4
      pmole NP/mg DNA) or macrophages (26 +/- 7.5 pmole NP/mg DNA). Adduct analysis of
      DNA isolated from lung tissue incubated with 1-nitro[H3]pyrene in vitro resulted
      in the identification of 2 to 5% of the NP adducts as C8-deoxyguanosine 1
      aminopyrene. NP was also bound to cellular protein in tracheal tissue and lung
      tissue, and at a lower level in macrophages. Cocultivation of the macrophages
      with lung and tracheal tissue decreased the DNA binding in tracheal tissue by
      45%. Following intratracheal instillation of diesel particles (5 mg) vapor-coated
      with 14C-NP (380 ppm, 0.085 muCi/mg) particles into rats, 5-8% of the
      radioactivity remained in the lungs after 20 hr. Most of the diesel particles
      were also deposited in the lung. Examination of DNA and protein binding in this
      tissue showed 5 to 12% of the pulmonary 14C bound to protein and no detectable
      levels of 14C bound to DNA.

PMID- 3841316
TI  - Antinociceptive effects of intrathecally injected cholinomimetic drugs in the rat
      and cat.
AB  - Rats chronically implanted with intrathecal catheters displayed a dose-dependent
      increase in the hot-plate, tail-flick response latencies, and decreased the
      magnitude of the writhing response following the injection of certain
      cholinomimetics into the subarachnoid space through the indwelling catheter. The
      structure-activity relationship for these agents is oxotremorine greater than
      carbachol greater than acetylcholine + physostigmine much much greater than
      acetylcholine = nicotine-HCl = 0. Atropine, but not naloxone, strychnine,
      picrotoxin, curare or methysergide and phentolamine, reversed the antinociceptive
      effect. This suggests the involvement of muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms.
      Experiments with intrathecal injection of carbachol into the spinal subarachnoid
      space of cats fitted with intrathecal catheters also revealed a potent
      antinociceptive effect which was completely antagonized by atropine. The effect
      was somatotopically limited with the skin surfaces innervated by cord segments
      nearest the catheter tip showing the most significant effect with the shortest
      latency of onset. This observation, together with the absence of changes in
      general reflex motor function or postural control further indicated a selective
      spinal effectiveness of muscarinic agonists after low dose intrathecal
      administration.

PMID- 3841315
TI  - Intrathecal morphine in cardiac surgery.
AB  - The effects of intrathecal morphine in 60 patients undergoing open-heart surgery
      were studied in an observer-blind control trial. The patients were randomly
      allocated into three groups of 20 each: (A) Control, (B) 2 mg and (C) 4 mg of
      intrathecal morphine. This study confirms that intrathecal morphine provides
      useful post-operative analgesia. Patients given intrathecal morphine required
      less postoperative analgesia and sedation and their respiratory function tests
      were less depressed than the control group. Since the completion of this study,
      reports have suggested that 1 mg of morphine intrathecally avoids the serious
      complications of respiratory depression. In the study described, the patients
      were electively ventilated post-operatively and respiratory depression was
      therefore not a problem. Of the other associated side-effects of intrathecal
      morphine, vomiting (20%) and pruritus (20%) proved the most troublesome.

PMID- 3841318
TI  - Structure-activity relations of conotoxins at the neuromuscular junction.
AB  - The anticholinergic actions of synthetic conotoxin GI analogues and their
      structure-activity relationships were studied. Conotoxins competitively blocked
      the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in neuromuscular junctions of preparations
      of rat sciatic nerve, M. gastrocnemius and frog abdominal muscles. They did not
      have a ganglion-blocking action, at least in the parasympathetic ganglion, or an
      anti-muscarinic action. The pA2 values of the synthetic conotoxin analogues
      indicated that the major factors determining the activity of conotoxin are the
      structural conformation of the peptide defined by two disulfide bridges, and the
      presence of a proline residue and C-terminal amide.

PMID- 3841317
TI  - Antihistaminic properties of AF-14, an experimental quinuclidine derivative:
      discrimination between two histaminergic sites in both guinea-pig ileum and
      bladder.
AB  - AF-14 (1-aza-4-phenyltricyclo[6.2.2.0(2,7)]dodecan-5-one), a selective
      antimuscarinic agent, was shown to block the histamine-induced contractile
      response in Krebs solution in guinea-pig ileum and bladder. Careful linear
      regression analyses of the concentration-response relationship revealed that AF
      14 antagonism consisted of two sequential and distinct phases, corresponding to
      an early phase and a late phase of the contractile response to histamine. In the
      late phase, the action of AF-14 was consistent with competitive antagonism, its
      pA2 (95% confidence limits) being 5.80-6.06 (ileum) and 5.66-5.80 (bladder). In
      the early phase, AF-14 almost completely blocked the contractile response at a
      concentration of 100-300 nM, which was much less than required to block the late
      phase or cholinergic contractions of the ileum or bladder. It is concluded that
      AF-14 discriminates between two histamine-sensitive sites that mediate muscle
      contraction in each of the two organs.

PMID- 3841319
TI  - Retinal damage in hatched chicks induced by formoguanamine. Decrease in ornithine
      aminotransferase activity and vitamin B6 content.
AB  - Subcutaneous injection of formoguanamine (2,4-diamino-s-triazine) induced
      sightlessness in newly hatched chicks within 28-32 hr. The specific activity of
      retinal ornithine aminotransferase, localized exclusively in the mitochondria of
      retinal pigment epithelium, and the retinal vitamin B6 content decreased rapidly
      after formoguanamine administration. An absorption spectrum of retinal extract
      showed reduced absorbance at 400 nm in the formoguanamine-treated chicks, but
      delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, an enzyme in the retinal cytosol, did
      not change significantly. A drug-metabolizing enzyme, glutathione transferase,
      showed an increase in specific activity during a later phase. Histological
      examination of the formoguanamine-treated chicks revealed characteristic
      degeneration of pigment epithelium and photoreceptors, acute retinal detachment
      and a secondary gliosis in the outer nuclear layer. From these findings it may be
      concluded that formoguanamine primarily damages the physiological functions of
      retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors and results in irreversible retinal
      detachment in newly hatched chicks.

PMID- 3841320
TI  - Isolation technique and identification of epithelial cells from efferent ductules
      of the rat epididymis.
AB  - A method has been developed for isolation of cells from the efferent ductules of
      the rat epididymis to obtain a population of epithelial cells. The technique
      depends on a transfer of segments of the ductules into a new isolation medium and
      gradual purification from fat cells, fibroblasts, collagen fibres and smooth
      muscle cells. Segments of the ductules so isolated were further separated into
      single cells or their aggregates. The mode of isolation applied allowed to obtain
      morphologically unchanged and functionally fully efficient cells. When
      transferred to culture they rapidly formed a single layer and further developed
      into a multi-layer culture. The cells divide and preserve their ability of
      producing secretion. They react to the absence of androgenous hormones by a
      considerable depression of the number of mitotic divisions and reduction of their
      secretion.

PMID- 3841321
TI  - A model for the function and failure of the meniscus.

PMID- 3841322
TI  - [Paralytic ileus in delirium tremens].

PMID- 3841323
TI  - Remarkable improvement of clinical status in a patient with multiple lymphomatous
      polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract after repetitive chemotherapy.
AB  - The effect of repeated courses of chemotherapy on gastrointestinal tumors seen in
      a 43 year-old male patient with multiple lymphomatous polyposis involving the
      entire gastrointestinal tract was presented. Numerous polypoid lesions from the
      stomach to the rectum were the characteristic finding in this case. The biopsied
      specimens from polyps either of the stomach or large intestine showed diffuse
      lymphocytic accumulation in the submucosa, which is consistent with multiple
      lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract. Remarkable regression of
      the large masses in the gastrointestinal tract was obtained by two courses of
      VEMP therapy, along with improvement of hypoalbuminemia and a positive CRP.
      Recurrence of gastrointestinal masses in the cecum and rectum was also eliminated
      by six courses of CHOP therapy, and a total of nine courses of CHOP therapy led
      to complete disappearance of masses in the gastrointestinal tract. The present
      case is different from the others in terms of the following viewpoints that first
      the ensuing large masses favorably responded to repetitive chemotherapy, secondly
      the histopathological findings remained benign despite the fact that large
      nodular masses had recurred in the cecum and rectum, and thirdly the pathological
      changes were still confined to the gastrointestinal tract without developing
      systemic malignant manifestations.

PMID- 3841324
TI  - [Retardation problems within the scope of prematurity].
AB  - Among 804 short-weight infants (birth weight less than 2500 g) born at the
      Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, Friedrich-Schiller
      University, Jena, from 1. 1. 1978 to 31. 12. 1981, one-third were small for
      gestational age babies. These hypotrophic infants showed, in relation to
      premature infants (appropriate for gestational age) a higher prenatal and
      intranatal mortality (statistically not significant). A frequent severe foetal
      distress mainly on the background of chronic or subacute placental insufficiency
      implied a higher rate of obstetrical operations by the hypotrophic infants. This
      was particularly evident by the incidence of caesarean sections (24.7% : 15.2%
      respectively). The premature hypotrophic infants had the highest caesarean
      section incidence, amounting to 30.3%. Postnatal adaptation proved more
      favourable with the small for gestational age babies than with the premature
      group. There was in fact a statistically significantly lower rate of asphyxiated
      infants detectable by means of APGAR-score less than or equal to 7 five minutes
      after labour and a lower neonatal and late mortality in spite of "acidotic
      morbidity", which was statistically significantly higher in the group of small
      for date infants (p less than 0.05). We consider as possible cause a higher
      average duration of gestation with approximately average birth weights. The
      difference in the clinical behaviour between the premature-hypotrophic and
      hypotrophic infants were smaller than between the premature-eutrophic and
      hypotrophic infants. This contradictory behaviour before, during and after labour
      requires the specialist to be capable of meeting the diagnostic and therapeutical
      requirements in every respect.

PMID- 3841325
TI  - Action of different agonists and antagonists of the cholinergic system on the rat
      lower esophageal sphincter.
AB  - Several compounds acting on the cholinergic system at different levels were
      tested for their stimulatory or inhibitory effects on the isolated lower
      esophageal sphincter (LES) of the rat. Results obtained with acetylcholine,
      bethanechol and compound McN-A343 on the one hand and atropine, pirenzepine,
      ganglion blocking agents and tetrodotoxin on the other, suggested that LES
      contraction was associated mainly with the stimulation of post-synaptic
      muscarinic receptors. Nicotinic receptors (both ganglionic and muscular) seem to
      have a minor role, if any.

PMID- 3841326
TI  - Changes in DNA capacity for actinomycin-D binding in nuclei of interphase cells.
AB  - 3H-AMD binding to DNA in interphase nuclei was tested on asynchronous and
      synchronous LS/BL cell populations under physiological conditions and after
      exposure to gamma rays (60Co). 3H-AMD binding to DNA in an asynchronous cell
      population appeared to be nearly constant and independent of 3H-AMD
      concentration. However, in comparing individual cells, a great variability could
      be observed. In synchronized cells the DNA accessibility for 3H-AMD binding
      changed in the course of the cell cycle, with a maximum occurring at the late G1
      phase (13.95 X 10(-12) mumol/nucleus) and a minimum at the late G2-phase (2.63 X
      10(-12) mumol/nucleus). In irradiated cells the DNA capacity for 3H-AMD binding
      was growing with the increasing dose (5-80 Gy) from 4.9 to 11.2 X 10(-12) mumol
      3H-AMD/nucleus.

PMID- 3841327
TI  - A new model for the resolution of cultural and biological inheritance in the
      presence of temporal trends: application to systolic blood pressure.
AB  - A contemporary path model for the resolution of cultural and biological
      inheritance is extended to incorporate temporal variation in family resemblance.
      Specifically, the genetic and environmental effects, like all other parameters of
      the model, are allowed to vary over an individual's age according to some
      specific mathematical functions. In the computer program BETREND a library of
      such functions is incorporated. Data on systolic blood pressure in 542 Japanese
      American nuclear families were analyzed. This new methodology detected
      significant temporal variation in cultural inheritance, a result that was not
      found previously by using static models which could only distinguish between
      adult and childhood heritabilities. Cultural heritability, estimated to be 10% at
      birth, increases to a maximum of 28% at age 36, at which time it declines until
      it eventually reaches 10% at age 49. Although not statistically significant,
      there was some evidence for temporal trends in genetic heritability as well.
      Ignoring trends, the genetic heritability was estimated as .30. On the other
      hand, trends in sibling environment were clearly nonsignificant. This model
      provides an objective method of testing the significance of temporal trends in
      familial resemblance by using multifactorial models, of resolving varying gene
      expression and transient environmental effects as possible sources of generating
      the observed temporal variation, and of estimating continuous changes in
      heritability with age.

PMID- 3841328
TI  - [Experience in using the Elektronika MK-54 computer for processing the results of
      toxicology research].

PMID- 3841329
TI  - Interaction of diet and photoperiod on growth and reproduction in male golden
      hamsters.
AB  - Two basic diets (commercial rodent pellets or seeds) with or without supplements
      of carbohydrate were tested for growth and development, and effects on organ
      weights and serum calcium in male golden hamsters. The additional influence of
      photoperiod was measured. The data suggest that a seed diet alone is not adequate
      for growth. Addition of seeds and/or carbohydrate to the pellet diet increases
      growth rates substantially compared to the pellet diet alone. There are
      significant interaction effects on reproduction between diet and photoperiod
      indicating that diet can modify responses to short photic input. While
      reproduction remains essentially normal in seed-fed animals in long photoperiods,
      the rate of reproductive involution in short photoperiods is greatly enhanced.
      Added carbohydrate appears to offer some protection against the adverse effect of
      short photoperiods on reproduction. Even though calcium supplements to the diet
      increase serum calcium levels toward normal, growth rates are not improved.
      Addition of Tenebrio (grain beetle) larvae to the seed diet induces growth rates
      comparable to those of control animals, yet serum calcium levels remain
      significantly lower.

PMID- 3841331
TI  - Amniotic fluid embolism in Sweden, 1951-1980.
AB  - Amniotic fluid embolism is one of the least frequent complications of
      parturition, but the most dangerous of all. 38 cases of fatal amniotic fluid
      embolism were diagnosed in Sweden during the years 1951-1980, i.e. 1 case for
      every 83,000 live births. The proportion of amniotic fluid embolism in maternal
      mortality as a whole increased from 1.2 to 16.5% during this period. Predisposing
      factors identified were gemini/polydyramnios, abruptio placentae, hypertonic
      labor, rupture of the birth canal, macrosomia, and obstetrical interventions such
      as administration of oxytocin and fundal pressure. The main symptoms were
      cardiovascular shock with right heart strain, and hemorrhage with pathologic
      proteolysis. Four cases of presumed amniotic fluid embolism with survival of the
      patient were diagnosed during the years 1972-1980--a case fatality rate of 66%
      (4/12).

PMID- 3841330
TI  - Is raised plasma peptide YY after intestinal resection in the rat responsible for
      the trophic response?
AB  - The relationship between the adaptive response and plasma PYY concentrations
      after small bowel resection has been investigated. Seventy five per cent proximal
      small bowel resection resulted in a rise in plasma PYY at six days from 28 +/-
      3.1 to 85 +/- 12.3 pmol/l (p less than 0.001) and this difference was maintained
      to 48 days. Plasma PYY correlates both with crypt cell production rate (CCPR) in
      the ileum and with plasma enteroglucagon levels. In a second study, PYY or saline
      was infused over a 12 day period. There were no significant changes in intestinal
      wet weight or CCPR in any part of the bowel studied. This indicates that it is
      unlikely that PYY exerts a major trophic effect on the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 3841332
TI  - [The antiinflammatory effect of budesonide].
AB  - The systemic and topical antiinflammatory activities of budesonide (B) were
      studied in rats and mice and compared with those of commercially available
      steroids. Betamethasone 17-valerate (BV) was used as the main reference compound,
      and fluosinolone acetonide (FA), hydrocortisone 17-butyrate (HB) and
      hydrocortisone 21-acetate (HA) were also used. B given systemically had stronger
      antiinflammatory effect than BV on carrageenin edema, cotton pellet granuloma,
      adjuvant arthritis, croton oil edema, PCA reaction, Arthus reaction, contact
      hypersensitivity and histamine or serotonin skin reaction. The potency of
      antiinflammatory activity of the 5 compounds in carrageenin edema, croton oil
      edema and contact hypersensitivity tests was in the order of FA, B, BV, HB and
      HA. B given locally also produced stronger antiinflammatory effects than BV on
      carrageenin edema, cotton pellet granuloma, croton oil edema and contact
      hypersensitivity. The order of potency of the 5 compounds in carrageenin edema,
      croton oil edema and contact hypersensitivity tests was the same as by systemic
      application. In general, the ratio of the dose required to cause atrophy of the
      thymus and adrenals to the dose required to produce the antiinflammatory effect
      was the greatest with B by both systemic and local application. The results
      suggest that B has a stronger antiinflammatory activity with fewer systemic side
      effects than conventional steroid compounds.

PMID- 3841333
TI  - MOPP chemotherapy plus irradiation for Hodgkin's disease, stages IA to IIIB. Long
      term results of the prospective trial H72 (1972-1976, 334 patients).
AB  - From April 1972 to December 1976, 334 patients with Hodgkin's disease, CS IA
      IIIB, were prospectively treated with combined chemotherapy and radiation. The
      166 stages IA and II2A were clinically staged only; the 168 other patients were
      randomized to clinical or pathological staging. All patients received 3 or 6
      cycles of MOPP followed by Mantle field with or without mediastinal irradiation
      and/or inverted Y or lumbo-aortic field according to initial stage, presentation
      and protocol. At completion of therapy, 317 patients were in complete remission.
      Twenty-six patients relapsed and 43 died including 5 with leukemia and 6 with
      infection. Overall 12-year survival and relapse-free rates are 86.6 +/- 3.08 per
      cent and 91.5 +/- 3.2 per cent respectively (IA: 95.3 and 95.3 per cent; IIA:
      87.8 and 92.1 per cent; IIIA: 83.3 and 100 per cent; IB, IIB: 81.7 and 89.2 per
      cent; IIIB: 67.8 and 73.7 per cent). The randomized comparison between clinical
      staging plus 6 cycles of MOPP and laparotomy staging plus 3 cycles of MOPP in
      final stage II3+A, IB, IIB patients showed no significant 12-year survival
      differences (90.8 versus 85.6 per cent). With this combined modality treatment
      policy, high survival rates are obtained using only 3 cycles of MOPP and
      radiotherapy in CS IA, II2A and in PS II3+, IB, IIB. Laparotomy staging may be
      unnecessary if 6 cycles of MOPP are employed before irradiation in CS IIA, IB,
      IIB disease and if 3 cycles of MOPP are followed by irradiation in CSIA and II2A
      disease. Mediastinal irradiation can be avoided in patients with
      supradiaphragmatic disease without mediastinal involvement.

PMID- 3841334
TI  - Genital herpes: an increasing problem?
AB  - Over the past 10 years there has been a pronounced increase in the number of
      cases of genital herpes seen in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in the
      United Kingdom. The reporting system, however, does not differentiate between
      primary and recurrent infections, and consequently any increase in the number of
      patients reattending clinics with recurrent genital herpes would falsely inflate
      the statistics. A study of cases of herpes seen in the department of
      genitourinary medicine of this hospital in the two years 1972 and 1982 is
      presented. It showed that the proportion of patients attending with recurrent
      herpes had increased from 18% in 1972 to 31% in 1982. As a result of this, the
      68% increase between 1972 and 1982 in the total number of cases of herpes seen in
      the clinic overestimates the real increase in the size of the problem, which is
      closer to 40%, based upon cases of primary herpes only. Modifications to the
      national recording system are necessary to overcome the problems highlighted by
      this study. These modifications could include classifying each case of genital
      herpes as primary, recurrent, or recurrent but not previously recorded, which
      would provide a more accurate picture of the size of the problem of genital
      herpes in the population.

PMID- 3841336
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases in Botswana.

PMID- 3841335
TI  - Pattern of sexually transmitted disease in Madurai, India.
AB  - The pattern of sexually transmitted disease (STD) in a public clinic in Madurai
      City, India, was studied for 10 years (1974-83). Syphilis was found to be the
      most common STD in men (28.3%) and trichomoniasis in women (39.6%). The tropical
      STDs (chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum, and granuloma inguinale) formed a
      sizeable proportion (30.1%) of all STDs. A tendency to overdiagnose chancroid and
      lymphogranuloma venereum and a failure to detect many cases of gonorrhoea
      reflected a lack of laboratory facilities.

PMID- 3841337
TI  - Induced non-puerperal lactation.

PMID- 3841338
TI  - TOPPER, a software package in FORTRAN for scaling studies.
AB  - Scaling studies are concerned with the differences in structure, function,
      behaviour and life-history associated with differences in size in broadly similar
      organisms. These studies make extensive use of bivariate regression analysis.
      Often it is of interest to carry out such analyses on many different
      subpopulations within a given sample population. The programs described here
      allow these analyses to be carried out efficiently. The output gives a summary of
      taxonomic parameters in addition to the usual statistical parameters, such as
      standard deviations and mean percent deviation. Some improvements in the software
      which are currently being implemented are discussed briefly.

PMID- 3841339
TI  - Pharmacokinetic lag time estimation.
AB  - This note draws attention to a problem encountered when using the pharmacokinetic
      computer program CSTRIP for lag time estimation. The problem arises because data
      belonging to the lag phase is used for polyexponential parameter estimation.
      Simulated data are used to illustrate the effect on the fitted curve. A new curve
      stripping program JANA is shown to be free of this flaw.

PMID- 3841340
TI  - A computer program for the analysis of serial electrocardiograms from patients
      who suffered a myocardial infarction.
AB  - A program is described, which compares serial ECG recordings of patients, who
      suffered a myocardial infarction. The comparison of the ECGs is based on the
      measurements, delivered by the Modular ECG/VCG Interpretation System. The two
      most recent ECGs are compared and a trend analysis based on all ECG recordings of
      the patient is performed. The criteria in the comparison program are based, among
      others, on data obtained from a combined cardiological and respiratory survey in
      The Netherlands in 1973 and 1976.

PMID- 3841341
TI  - The therapeutic applications of computerised games.
AB  - Microcomputers have great potential in therapeutic environments, but, if they are
      to achieve this potential, they need appropriate software (programs). This paper
      examines the ideas behind games software and the relevance of commercially
      available software to therapy. It recommends that specially designed programs are
      needed and lays down some guidelines for the design and development of such
      software.

PMID- 3841342
TI  - Comparison of the effects of argon fluoride (ArF) and krypton fluoride (KrF)
      excimer lasers on ocular structures.
AB  - We evaluated the effects of argon fluoride (ArF) and krypton fluoride (KrF)
      excimer lasers on ocular structures. We produced corneal incisions, optical
      iridotomy, capsulotomy, and retinotomy with these lasers. Incisions produced with
      ArF showed sharply defined borders with minimal coagulative effects to the
      adjacent structures. Cuts created with KrF showed coagulative necrosis of the
      wound edges ranging from two to five um in width. From our study it appears that
      ArF has photoablative action and KrF has a predominantly photoablative action
      with minimal photocoagulative effect on the tissue.

PMID- 3841343
TI  - Meniscectomy in children. Evaluation of results after growth has ceased.
AB  - The results of 28 total meniscectomies in children were reviewed after the end of
      the growth period. From a purely clinical point of view these were satisfactory
      in 26 cases and in the remaining 2 cases the poor results were due to faulty
      initial diagnosis. From the radiographic survey, 50% of cases showed early signs
      of degenerative arthritis in the femorotibial joint, but there was no evidence of
      the patellar syndrome. In meniscal lesions in children, the surgical approach
      should therefore be as conservative as possible.

PMID- 3841344
TI  - An example of Hb Christchurch in Japan. Identification by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3841345
TI  - Hb Bushwick, an unstable hemoglobin with tendency to lose heme.

PMID- 3841346
TI  - Hb G-Szuhu or alpha 2 beta 2(80)(EF4)Asn----Lys, in combination with beta zero
      thalassemia in a Spanish family.

PMID- 3841347
TI  - Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in rat gastric mucosa. A radioautographic
      study using a potent muscarinic antagonist, 3H-pirenzepine.
AB  - The muscarinic cholinergic innervation of the rat gastric mucosa was investigated
      by localizing the muscarinic receptors using a tritiated muscarinic antagonist,
      pirenzepine. Radioautography was performed by freeze drying stomach tissue, which
      was then embedded in Epon and wet sectioned with ethylene glycol, and dry
      mounting on emulsion film by the wire-loop method to prevent loss of the labelled
      substance during fixation and the radioautographic procedure. Light and electron
      microscopy showed that the specific pirenzepine-binding sites were localized
      predominantly on parietal cells, chief cells and perivascular plexuses. Analysis
      of the grain distribution on parietal cells revealed that the silver grains
      corresponding to the pirenzepine-binding sites were mainly on the basolateral
      plasma membrane. On the other hand, the surface mucous or mucous neck cells had
      few pirenzepine-binding sites.

PMID- 3841348
TI  - Retrograde tracing of neural pathways with a protein gold complex. II. Electron
      microscopic demonstration of projections and collaterals.
AB  - This paper describes a sensitive method for tracing neural connections at the
      electron microscopic (EM) level using a new compound produced through the
      coupling of colloidal gold particles to a wheat germ agglutinin horseradish
      peroxidase conjugate (the WGA*HRP-gold complex). Visualization of retrogradely
      labeled cells at the EM level was achieved either directly by gold particles
      scanning or after silver enhancement. By using different sizes of gold particles
      individually coupled to WGA*HRP and injected in different brain areas EM
      detection of multiple retrograde labeling was possible. Thus retrogradely labeled
      cells were first identified at the light microscopic level through HRP
      histochemistry with tetramethylbenzidine as a chromogen and then examined under
      the electron microscope after osmication and embedding. Gold particles were
      readily identified as electron dense, round dots in spherical grey vesicles.
      Identification of different sizes of gold particles often localized in the same
      vesicle established that the protein-gold complex can be used to study
      collateralisation of parental axons.

PMID- 3841349
TI  - An epithelial scatter factor released by embryo fibroblasts.
AB  - Medium conditioned by human embryo fibroblasts breaks structural junctions
      between several types of epithelial cells, leading to separation and scattering
      of the cells. An assay developed in MDCK cells shows activity up to a dilution of
      at least 1 in 64, equivalent to less than 100 ng of total protein. The activity
      is non-dialysable, heat-labile, and sensitive to trypsin, and it is assumed to be
      due to one or more proteins. After addition of the factor, separation of MDCK
      cells begins in about 15 min and is complete in 10 h. It increases migration of
      MDCK cells into wounds, and causes collapse of domes. Locomotion of isolated
      cells is not enhanced, but cell shape is affected by local membrane movement.
      Under the culture conditions used the factor, or an associated protein, causes a
      weak inhibition of cell growth without cytotoxic activity. The scattering factor
      has not been purified, nor has a physiological role been identified, but it might
      be concerned in the mobilization of epithelial cells.

PMID- 3841350
TI  - Chloroquine metabolism in man: urinary excretion of 7-chloro-4-hydroxyquinoline
      and 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline metabolites.

PMID- 3841351
TI  - Decapreno-beta-carotene as an internal standard for the quantification of the
      hydrocarbon carotenoids by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The application of decapreno-beta-carotene as an internal standard in
      quantification of the hydrocarbon carotenoids extracted from raw carrots has been
      thoroughly examined. Decapreno-beta-carotene is a C50 beta-carotene that has most
      of the requirements of an internal standard and it can be commercially
      synthesized in high purity. An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic
      (HPLC) system has been developed that separated all-trans-alpha-carotene, all
      trans-beta-carotene, and its 15,15'-cis-isomer from this internal standard.
      Quantitative determination of the hydrocarbon carotenoids in carrots by HPLC
      using the internal standard technique gave values for alpha- and beta-carotene
      similar to those obtained from alpha- and beta-carotene standards alone.

PMID- 3841352
TI  - Microcomputer programming in basic for the evaluation of capillary gas
      chromatography in the analysis of pesticide residues. I. MATRIXCOMP--a program
      that facilitates the recognition of interfering peaks from the biological matrix.
AB  - Chromatograms of pesticide residues in food include peaks produced by pesticides
      and matrix compounds. Pesticide peaks are recognized by means of relative
      retention times and response factors; two detectors are used and internal
      standard methods are applied. Chromatograms of reference samples for all types of
      food are stored as raw data in a reduced format, together with tables of all
      chromatographic data for the matrix compounds. MATRIXCOMP provides the analyst
      with the chromatograms of the actual sample and the reference in parallel on a
      visual display screen for visual comparison. Simultaneously, the relevant
      chromatographic data for the sample, the reference and the calibration tables are
      displayed on a second screen page in a condensed form.

PMID- 3841353
TI  - Landmarks in computer-assisted psychological assessment.

PMID- 3841354
TI  - Direct patient computer interviewing.

PMID- 3841355
TI  - Adaptive testing by computer.

PMID- 3841356
TI  - Automated interpretation of neuropsychological test data.

PMID- 3841357
TI  - Current developments and future directions in computerized personality
      assessment.

PMID- 3841358
TI  - [Statistical analysis of visual fields by the automatic perimeter Octopus 2000 R
      with the Delta program].
AB  - The difference tables gives, on a numeric table, the difference between first and
      second examination. The confidence interval is given out by a statistical test (T
      test) which can be applied to the following parts of visual field: pathological
      area, whole field. We present a number of visual field examinations (Program 33)
      from glaucomatous patients, analysed through "change mode". We can make the
      following remarks: When we assess an improvement, it is underlined in "Delta
      Program", which indicates: significant improvement. When the visual field is
      unchanged, "Delta Program" indicates a fluctuation: aggravation or improvement
      (almost always insignificant). A subjective alteration is always underlined by
      "Delta Program". The program allows an objective interpretation and, when it is
      combined with the usual objective interpretation, makes the evaluation of
      campimetric deficiency easier. The importance of statistical analysis, besides
      the fact that it associates the visual field to one or several mean values, is to
      set it off as exactly as possible. Flammer and coll. (1985) propose a new index:
      "corrected loss variation".

PMID- 3841359
TI  - Dystocia due to osteomalacia.

PMID- 3841360
TI  - From idea to implementation: cognitive software for students with learning
      disabilities.

PMID- 3841361
TI  - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and congenital diaphragmatic hernia:
      modification of the pulmonary vasoactive profile.
AB  - We studied the vasoactive profile of a term infant with congenital diaphragmatic
      hernia and intractable pulmonary hypertension who was refractory to conventional
      medical management despite an early stable period. Plasma prostanoid
      vasoconstrictor thromboxane A2 (TxB2) levels were elevated prior to ECMO at
      150pg/mL, rose to 310pg/mL with the first hour of bypass and remained elevated
      until 72 hours by which time they fell to less than 50pg/mL. This coincided with
      the decreased extracorporeal circulatory support needed to maintain systemic
      arterial pO2 between 70 to 90 torr. Pulmonary vasodilator prostacyclin (6-keto
      PGF1 alpha) was minimally elevated prior to bypass a 50pg/mL and became
      undetectable. Catecholamine levels were markedly elevated prior to ECMO at
      4,000pg/mL with no demonstrable pulmonary extraction of norepinephrine. Though
      catecholamine levels remained nonspecifically elevated, pulmonary metabolism of
      norepinephrine improved with bypass time to 48% at 96 hours and coincided with
      the overall improvement of the infant's respiratory function. These data suggest
      pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia is at
      least partially precipitated by alterations in prostanoid homeostasis as
      selective activation of thromboxane synthetase pathways rather than nonspecific
      activation of the entire archidonate cascade. While ECMO per se may have no
      lasting effect on prostanoid homeostasis, ECMO can allow a period of
      cardiopulmonary rest during which more physiologic prostanoid levels are
      established. Although activation of the sympatho-adrenal axis may contribute to
      pulmonary hypertension, the role of catecholamines in this infant is not clear.
      Return of the lungs ability to clear norepinephrine may be an additional marker
      of biologic lung recovery.

PMID- 3841362
TI  - Sympathomimetic drugs and lung surfactant factor.

PMID- 3841363
TI  - A sustained increase of microsomal heme oxygenase activity following treatment of
      rats with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and Corynebacterium parvum: its possible
      relation to the decrease of cytochrome P-450 content.
AB  - The alterations of various enzymes responsible for drug metabolism and heme
      metabolism were examined in the liver of female rats treated with Bacillus
      Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and Corynebacterium parvum (CP). Hepatic drug metabolizing
      enzyme activities and microsomal cytochrome P-450 and b5 content were
      significantly decreased for up to 15 and 10 d by a single i.v. administration of
      BCG and CP, respectively. In contrast, microsomal heme oxygenase activity was
      markedly increased after BCG and CP treatment and the increased enzyme activity
      was sustained in parallel with the decrease of drug metabolizing enzymes. Both
      BCG and CP also caused a significant decrease of delta-aminolevulinic acid
      synthetase activity shortly after their administrations. The decreased enzyme
      activity returned to normal levels by 12 h after the treatment of rats with BCG
      and CP. In addition, hepatosplenomegaly was observed in BCG and CP treated rats.
      Dose related changes of these microsomal enzymes were seen following the
      administration of BCG and CP. Additionally, there were sex differences in the
      effects of BCG and CP on the alteration of microsomal enzymes, female rats being
      more sensitive than male rats. These results suggest that the decrease of
      cytochrome P-450 and b5 content and drug metabolizing enzyme activities by BCG
      and CP could be related, at least in part, to the prolonged increase of heme
      oxygenase activity, that may lead to the increased breakdown of heme available
      for the synthesis of these hemoproteins.

PMID- 3841364
TI  - Population pharmacokinetics of racemic warfarin in adult patients.
AB  - The population pharmacokinetics of racemic warfarin was evaluated using 613
      measured warfarin plasma concentrations from 32 adult hospitalized patients and
      131 adult outpatients. Warfarin concentrations were measured in duplicate using a
      high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure. The pharmacokinetic model used
      was a one-compartment open model with first-order absorption (absorption rate
      constant set equal to 47 day-1) and first-order elimination. The extent of
      availability was assumed to be one. A linear regression model was used to
      evaluate the influence of various demographic factors on warfarin oral clearance.
      Age appeared to be an important determinant of warfarin clearance in this adult
      population. There was about a 1%/year decrease in oral clearance over the age
      range of 20-70 years. Smoking appeared to result in a 10% increase in warfarin
      clearance, while coadministration of the inducers phenytoin or phenobarbital
      yielded about a 30% increase in clearance. This study has yielded a predictive
      model that, when combined with appropriate pharmacological response data, may be
      useful in the design and adjustment of warfarin regimens.

PMID- 3841365
TI  - A polyexponential deconvolution method. Evaluation of the "gastrointestinal
      bioavailability" and mean in vivo dissolution time of some ibuprofen dosage
      forms.
AB  - A new deconvolution algorithm (DCON) suitable for pharmacokinetic applications is
      presented. It requires that both the impulse and input responses, typically
      systemic drug levels, be well described by polyexponential equations. DCON has a
      wider range of applications than an earlier method (DECONV) from which it is
      derived. A FORTRAN program is provided, making implementation of the technique a
      simple matter. DCON is demonstrated to evaluate the "GI bioavailability," defined
      as the rate and the extent of gastrointestinal drug release, of various ibuprofen
      dosage forms. The GI drug release kinetics exemplifies a pharmacokinetic system
      which cannot be evaluated using the previous deconvolution algorithm (DECONV)
      because of an initial zero drug level response. This limitation is not found in
      DCON. It is also demonstrated how the mean in vivo dissolution time MDT can be
      evaluated by deconvolution.

PMID- 3841367
TI  - Alternative medicine: the attitude of the Army Medical Services.

PMID- 3841366
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of alpha-methyldopa in dogs.
AB  - alpha-Methyldopa was intraarterially and orally administered to dogs at two dose
      levels in a randomized complete crossover design. The appearance of secondary
      peaks in the plasma concentration-time profiles indicated the presence of
      enterohepatically recycled methyldopa. This was established by the absence of a
      secondary peak following readministration of a dose after biliary cannulation and
      the detection of methyldopa in the bile of a cannulated dog. Enterohepatic
      recirculation was estimated to account for a mean of 16.2% of the area under the
      plasma concentration-time profile after intraarterial administration. Total
      systemic clearance, defined as the sum of elimination by all routes from the
      general circulation of the administered dose, and corrected for enterohepatic
      recirculation, averaged (+/- SD) 99.4 +/- 24.6 ml/min in the dog. An extended
      average apparent terminal half-life of 6.0 +/- 5.2 hr was exhibited after oral
      administration compared to an average half-life of 3.1 +/- 1.8 hr following
      intraarterial administration. Elimination kinetics were linear in the dose range
      studied. Oral plasma concentration data suggest that the apparent bioavailable
      fraction may be dose dependent.

PMID- 3841368
TI  - [Clinical trial of atracurium besylate for a patient with myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 3841369
TI  - [Studies on the hepatocellular injury in an experimentally induced acute hepatic
      failure: macrophage-mediated suppression of immune response in acute hepatic
      failure-induced mice].

PMID- 3841370
TI  - [A case of chronic hepatitis complicated with progressive systemic sclerosis and
      Graves' disease].

PMID- 3841371
TI  - [Cryoprotective effect of 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 on gastric surface epithelial cells
      -scanning electron microscopic observation on gastric mucosal damage induced by
      0.6N HCl].

PMID- 3841372
TI  - Reproductive risk of paracentric inversion carriers: report of two unrelated
      cases with paracentric inversion of the long arm of chromosome 3.

PMID- 3841373
TI  - [External type all-purpose cardiac pacemaker system].

PMID- 3841374
TI  - [Structuring drug-to-drug interaction knowledge based on formal representation].

PMID- 3841375
TI  - Effects of synthesized phosphodiesterase inhibitors, DM 9278 and HWA 285, on
      pancreatic exocrine secretion of the dog.
AB  - The effects of synthesized phosphodiesterase inhibitors, DM 9278 and HWA 285, on
      pancreatic exocrine secretion were investigated in isolated and blood-perfused
      canine pancreas. Close-arterial injections of DM 9278 (10-300 micrograms) and HWA
      285 (300-3000 micrograms) caused dose-dependent increases in the flow rate of
      pancreatic juice and perfusion blood flow. Bicarbonate concentration in the
      pancreatic juice stimulated by DM 9278 (300 micrograms) or HWA 285 (3000
      micrograms) was significantly higher than that in the resting pancreatic juice,
      although neither of the compounds affected protein concentrations in the
      pancreatic juice. In the secretory volume, 100 micrograms of DM 9278 corresponded
      roughly to 1000 micrograms of HWA 285, 0.1 units of secretin or 0.3 units of
      pancreozymin. These secretory and vascular effects were not modified by
      pretreatment with atropine or sulpiride. This study suggests that both DM 9278
      and HWA 285 act directly on ductular cells of the pancreas and induce secretion
      of water and electrolytes.

PMID- 3841376
TI  - Effects of alpha-fluoromethylhistidine on increase in histidine decarboxylase
      activity of maternal mouse kidney observed during late pregnancy and evidence for
      its non-mast cell origin by using estrogen and W/WV mice.
AB  - The increase of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity during late pregnancy in
      the whole bodies of fetal mice and the kidneys of their mothers were almost
      completely inhibited by i.p. administration of 25 mg/kg of alpha
      fluoromethylhistidine (alpha-FMH), a suicide inhibitor of HDC, starting on day 13
      of pregnancy. The increase of HDC in fetal mice was previously shown to be in
      mast cells [T. Watanabe et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 4209-4212
      (1981)]. The increase of HDC in maternal kidneys was examined by using estrogen
      and W/WV mice, which were devoid of mast cells and infertile. Treatment of
      castrated mice with 17-beta-estradiol increased the HDC activity of the kidney,
      and this increase was antagonized by concomitant treatment with clomiphene, an
      antiestrogen, confirming that the increase is mediated through an estrogen
      receptor. HDC activity in the kidney of W/WV mice was also increased by estradiol
      treatment, indicating that HDC activity was associated with non-mast cells.

PMID- 3841377
TI  - [Ocular findings in Barsy syndrome].
AB  - Report on a male newborn with progeroid aspect, cutis laxa, intrauterine growth
      retardation, bilateral dislocation of the hip, generalized anomalies of
      ossification, peripheral corneal opacification comparable to corneal senile
      arcus, a diffuse, very discrete clouding of the stroma and an anterior polar
      cataract OD. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of other progeroid and cutis
      laxa syndromes are discussed on the basis of the corresponding ocular findings.

PMID- 3841378
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of methimazole in humans.
AB  - A newly developed method for extracting and measuring methimazole in biological
      fluids was used to study the pharmacokinetics of methimazole in two euthyroid and
      eight hyperthyroid subjects. The volume of distribution approximated total body
      water; the biological half-life was 2-3 h in euthyroid and about 6 h in
      hyperthyroid patients. Total clearance was lower in hyperthyroid patients than in
      euthyroid subjects, and it did not increase after thyroid function was
      normalized. Bioavailability in euthyroid subjects was greater than 1 but only 0.5
      in hyperthyroid subjects. The reasons for these observed differences are not
      known.

PMID- 3841379
TI  - Speech-tracking performance in single-channel cochlear implant subjects.
AB  - This study evaluated 20 deaf adults' ability to understand connected discourse
      under two conditions: (a) lipreading alone (LA), and (b) lipreading plus
      electrical stimulation by a single-channel cochlear implant (LI). Performance was
      evaluated using the speech-tracking procedure, which required the deaf receiver
      to repeat verbatim textual material read by another individual. The reception of
      ongoing speech was measured in terms of the number of words repeated correctly
      per minute. The results revealed, on the average, a significantly higher tracking
      rate in the LI condition (28.6 wpm) than the LA condition (16.4 wpm). There was a
      significant learning effect across sessions for both conditions. Subjects who
      were previous hearing aid users achieved a significantly higher tracking rate in
      the LI condition than did subjects who had no previous experience with
      amplification. Significant subject differences were present as a function of
      condition. Sixteen of the 20 subjects achieved higher tracking rates in the LI
      than in the LA condition. However, 4 of these 16 subjects showed similar relative
      gains in both conditions and 3 showed a decrease in performance in the LA
      condition over time. The remaining 4 subjects showed nearly equivalent tracking
      rates in both conditions over time. The data suggest that the majority of
      subjects were able to learn to make use of the cues provided by electrical
      stimulation by a single-channel cochlear implant to enhance their lipreading
      skills, at least for highly redundant material in a communicative situation.

PMID- 3841380
TI  - [Peridural morphine in opiate addicts].

PMID- 3841381
TI  - On surface coils and depth pulses.
AB  - A computer program has been developed which calculates the signal response to a
      generalised depth pulse both on and off resonance. Results are displayed on a
      grey scale for any plane which includes the axis of the circular surface coil
      used to apply the pulse. Use of separate (coaxial) transmitter and receiver coils
      can be accommodated, and both in-phase and out-of-phase signal components can be
      displayed. Some methods of improving spatial resolution are demonstrated and the
      off-resonance performance of several depth pulses is compared. Results of the
      computer simulations are compared with experimental results on phantoms using a
      simple surface coil.

PMID- 3841383
TI  - [Outpatient treatment of postcataract using the neodymium-Yag laser].

PMID- 3841384
TI  - The investigation of the monocyte-mediated tumor-specific rosette formation and
      cytotoxic capacity of patients with thyroid cancer.
AB  - Fourteen patients suffering from highly differentiated thyroid cancer and 10
      patients with autoimmune thyroid disease were tested in the present study. The
      tumor-specific autologous rosette formation of peripheral monocytes was
      determined and was found to be increased in cancer patients. Using the monocytes
      as effector and the covered, prelabelled autologous red blood cells as target, a
      cytotoxic assay was carried out. The rosette formation and cytotoxic ability
      correlated with the time passed since the operation, present clinical stage and
      the expansion of tumor found during the operation. In Hashimoto thyreoditis and
      Graves' disease elevated rosette formation and normal cytotoxic ability were
      detected.

PMID- 3841382
TI  - The effects of nafazatrom in an acute occlusion-reperfusion model of canine
      myocardial injury.
AB  - The effects of lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitor nafazatrom on infarct size,
      haemodynamics, and prostanoid release was studied in a canine occlusion
      reperfusion model of ischaemic myocardial injury. Treatment was with 10 mg/kg
      nafazatrom i.d., starting before coronary occlusion, 2 h and 6 h thereafter, and
      was repeated in 6 h intervals. The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery
      was occluded for 6 h and reperfused for 42 h. Infarct size and anatomic area
      dependent on the occluded LAD were determined post mortem by the tetrazolium
      staining technique. Nafazatrom significantly reduced the extent of irreversible
      myocardial ischaemic damage whether it was expressed as g/100 g left ventricle
      (24 +/- 4 vs. 46 +/- 6 in controls; p less than 0.01; mean +/- SEM) or as
      percentage of LAD risk region for infarcting (38 +/- 8 vs. 65 +/- 7% in controls;
      p less than 0.05). Nafazatrom did not affect peripheral haemodynamics but during
      drug vehicle treatment and LAD occlusion systemic blood pressure, left
      ventricular pressure and dP/dtmax decreased while filling pressure, heart rate,
      and the S-T segments of the ECG increased. The incidence of ventricular
      fibrillation was 8% during drug treatment and coronary ligature vs. 25% in
      controls (n.s.). During reperfusion, nafazatrom reduced the incidence of
      ventricular premature contractions and tachycardia. Ex vivo platelet aggregation
      in response to collagen was not inhibited by nafazatrom. Prostanoid release
      (thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha as breakdown products of
      thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin, respectively) remained unaltered in vehicle
      controls but nafazatrom treatment elevated prostacyclin release significantly at
      4 and 5 h during LAD occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3841385
TI  - [Influence of pirenzepin on intestinal motility in the therapy of duodenal
      ulcer].

PMID- 3841386
TI  - Comparison between the actions of avian pancreatic polypeptide, neuropeptide Y
      and norepinephrine on the excitability of rat supraoptic vasopressin neurons.
AB  - Effects of pressure-applied avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP), neuropeptide Y
      (NPY) and norepinephrine (NE) on the activity of putative vasopressin
      synthesizing neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic nucleus were studied in
      pentobarbitone-anesthetized male rats. APP (17-170 microM) excited 80% (20/25),
      NPY (20 microM-2 mM) excited 23% (6/26) and NE (100-200 microM) excited 76%
      (26/34) of cells tested; no depressant actions were observed. However,
      simultaneously applied APP appeared to reduce the NE-evoked excitation in 4/4
      cells tested. These data indicate that an endogenous pancreatic polypeptide-like
      peptide may mimic the excitatory actions of NE on supraoptic vasopressin
      synthesizing neurosecretory cells but only at high concentrations. These peptides
      do not potentiate but rather appear to interfere with NE's excitatory effects.

PMID- 3841387
TI  - Technetium-99m isonitrile complex as a potential myocardial imaging agent.

PMID- 3841388
TI  - [Role of vitamin E, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the development of early
      anemia in premature infants].

PMID- 3841389
TI  - The measurement of differential thresholds for lifted weights by microcomputer
      controlled apparatus.
AB  - The measurement of differential thresholds (DLs) for lifted weights normally
      involves lengthy test sessions. This is due partly to the statistical techniques
      for measuring the threshold and partly to the methods adopted to present the
      stimuli. Attempts to speed up test procedures tend to produce unreliable DL
      estimates, or to measure the sense of force or effort rather than weight
      perception. To facilitate the measurement of DLs for lifted weights, an Apple
      microcomputer was programmed to generate Wetherill tracking procedures and was
      interfaced with two stimulus bearing turntables. Various lifting methods are
      easily implemented, and DLs are reliably and quickly measured. The adaptation of
      the apparatus for general use in investigating the haptic sense modality is
      discussed.

PMID- 3841390
TI  - Template-directed synthesis of oligoadenylates using cyanogen bromide and
      diiminosuccinonitrile.
AB  - Cyanogen bromide was found to be a highly effective reagent for the coupling of
      oligoadenylates on a polyuridylic acid template in aqueous solution. Imidazole
      and divalent metal ions were required for the reaction. Hexaadenylic acid was
      converted to (pA)12, (pA)18, (pA)24, (pA)30 and (pA)36 in the presence of 0.01 M
      Co2+ and imidazole. When the reaction was carried out at 25 degrees C for 3 days,
      the oligomers were obtained in a 34% overall yield.

PMID- 3841391
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of nucleoside antibiotics, ascamycin and its
      amino acid analogs.
AB  - Synthesis of an alanylsulfamoyl nucleoside antibiotic, ascamycin was achieved by
      the condensation of N6-t-butyloxycarbonyl-2-chloro-9-(2',3'-O-isopropylidene-5'-O
      sulfamoyl- beta-D- ribofuranosyl)adenine(3) with t-butyloxycarbonyl-L
      alanylimidazole in the presence of NaH in DMF. Deprotection with 90%
      trifluoroacetic acid gave ascamycin in 61% overall yield. This procedure may be
      applicable for preparation of a number of amino acid analogs of ascamycin.

PMID- 3841392
TI  - [Nosographic limits of the Netherton syndrome].
AB  - This paper present the case of a 5 year old girl affected by ichthyosis vulgaris,
      atopic diathesis (asthma - eczema), hair anomalies as pili torti, trichorrhexis
      invaginata. Such data are compared with the most frequent symptoms Netherton's
      syndrome. Although some difference be extant, the authors deem it appropriate
      that this case be included within the framework of this syndrome. The problem is
      therefore posed once again of the boundaries of Netherton's syndrome. Also
      considered are the most interesting hypotheses recently set forth by different
      authors with the aim of better defining this disease whose biological mechanism
      is still unknown.

PMID- 3841394
TI  - [Palpation procedure facilitating the clinical diagnosis of diffuse toxic goiter
      combined with autoimmune thyroiditis].

PMID- 3841393
TI  - [Autonomic nervous system function of euthyroid and thyrotoxic goiter patients].
AB  - Variation pulsometry, a method of mathematical analysis of the cardiac rhythm,
      was used to assess function of the autonomic nervous system in patients with
      euthyroid and thyrotoxic goiter. Simultaneously orthostatic tests for a selective
      effect on parts of the autonomic nervous system were done. A total of 46 patients
      were examined: 16 with nodular forms of euthyroid goiter and 30 with thyrotoxic
      goiter III. In the patients with euthyroid goiter a moderate degree and in the
      patients with thyrotoxicosis a pronounced degree of tension of both parts of the
      regulation system were revealed. At the visceropathic stage of thyrotoxicosis,
      intra-endocrine interrelationships with the blockade of the sympathetic part of
      the autonomic nervous system are changed that can be of importance for working
      out medicamentous preoperative preparation of patients.

PMID- 3841395
TI  - [Changes in the immune status indices of patients with diffuse toxic goiter in
      different stages of the disease].
AB  - The purpose was to study some indices of immunity in the period of mercazolyl
      therapy and during DTG remission. T4, T3, TSH and some indices of the
      immunological status: RFCc, RFCl, RFCn, stimulation index (SI) in the lymphocyte
      blast transformation reaction, serum immunoglobulins (Ig A, M, G) were studied in
      44 patients. In diffuse toxic goiter (DTG) RFCc, RFCl and RFCn were two times and
      more as less, the Ig G level was raised 1.5-fold. Mercazolyl therapy corrected
      RFCc, RFCn whereas RFCl remained lowered. The Ig G level correlated with the T4
      and T3 levels. In the DTG patients an initial drop of SI (50%) was undetectable.
      Mercazolyl therapy raised SI by the 4-5th week of treatment (113%). SI returned
      to normal by the 10-12th week. In DTG remission most of the immunologic indices
      returned to normal.

PMID- 3841396
TI  - [Testosterone metabolism in the liver of rats administered the antiandrogen
      niftolide].

PMID- 3841397
TI  - Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to neuropeptides: the case for
      penetration.
AB  - Evidence that peptides can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is reviewed.
      Penetration is suggested by the observations that blood levels correlate with
      cerebrospinal fluid levels for many peptides and that peripheral administration
      of peptides results in effects on the CNS. Passage is confirmed by experiments
      involving administration of a peptide (immunoactive or radioactive) in one
      compartment and identification of its appearance in the other, supported by such
      methods as selective labeling, cross-reactivity with highly specific antibodies,
      and chromatography. The degree of passage varies among peptides and their
      analogs. The major route of passage is probably by a non-competitive, non
      saturable mechanism, wih the physicochemical characteristics of the peptide (e.g.
      lipophilicity, charge, molecular weight, and protein binding) determining the
      degree of passage. A competitive transport mechanism also exists for some
      peptides. Penetration of the BBB via large pores or by pinocytosis does not
      appear to be of major importance for peptides. Permeability of the BBB to
      peptides, but not to the larger iodinated albumin, is affected by intraperitoneal
      administration of aluminum, apparently by an increase in the permeability of the
      membrane to lipophilic materials.

PMID- 3841398
TI  - [Efforts toward a cluster analysis taxonomy of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3841399
TI  - [Value of computed tomography in orbital tumors].

PMID- 3841400
TI  - [Computers in radiology. Practice organization with the COMRAD information
      system].
AB  - The function of the program will be explained by means of a text example and the
      means by which a Radiologist can overcome lack of time by simultaneously
      increasing the quality and quantity of the reached achievements will be
      presented. The difficulty of choosing the right system will be pointed out.

PMID- 3841401
TI  - Functional and biochemical basis for multiple muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
AB  - The novel antimuscarinic compound pirenzepine (PZ) has generated considerable
      interest in the basis and the implications of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
      (mAChR) heterogeneity. [3H]PZ has been used extensively to identify and
      characterize the putative M1 (high affinity for PZ) mAChR subtype, which
      predominates in central nervous system (CNS) and ganglia. The heterogeneity
      sensed by PZ is not identical to the heterogeneity sensed by agonists.
      Differences in effector coupling do not necessarily provide a simple explanation
      for the molecular basis of these putative M1 and M2 subtypes. Therapeutic and
      untoward effects of muscarinic drugs may be mediated by independent mAChR
      subpopulations which may be pharmacologically exploited to produce more highly
      selective as well as efficacious new drugs.

PMID- 3841402
TI  - Neuropeptide Y and sympathetic vascular control in man.
AB  - A parallel increase in systemic plasma levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like
      immunoreactivity (LI) and noradrenaline (NA) was found during thoracotomy and
      surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass in man. Thus, plasma levels of NPY-LI
      increased from 29 +/- 4 pmol/l before anaesthesia to 59 +/- 10 after thoracotomy
      and to 87 +/- 8 pmol/l upon cardiopulmonary bypass. The corresponding NA levels
      increased from 1.3 +/- 0.1 nmol/l before anaesthesia to 3.0 +/- 0.6 and 4.2 +/- 5
      nmol/l after thoracotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass, respectively. A significant
      correlation was found between plasma levels of NPY-LI and NA during the operation
      but not between NPY-LI and adrenaline. The NPY-LI in human plasma was found to be
      similar to synthetic porcine NPY on reversed phase high performance liquid
      chromatography. Human submandibular arteries contained high levels of NPY-LI (24
      +/- 3 pmol/g). In in vitro experiments on isolated human submandibular arteries,
      NPY in low concentrations (1000 pmol/l) was found to potentiate the contractile
      effects of NA or transmural nerve stimulation and to exert vasoconstrictor
      activity per se in higher concentrations. The calcium-entry antagonist nifedipine
      abolished both the NPY-induced contractions and the enhancement of NA-evoked
      contractions. NPY depressed the nerve stimulation-evoked 3H-NA release from human
      submandibular arteries via a prejunctional mechanism which was resistant to
      nifedipine. NPY contracted human mesenteric veins and renal arteries, but not
      mesenteric arteries. In conclusion, NPY seems to be co-released with NA upon
      sympathetic activation in man. Furthermore, NPY exerts both pre- and
      postjunctional effects on sympathetic control of human blood vessels.

PMID- 3841403
TI  - [The development of the high sensitive thyroid stimulating hormone
      radioimmunoassay].

PMID- 3841404
TI  - The cusum test of homogeneity with an application in spontaneous abortion
      epidemiology.
AB  - We test the hypothesis of homogeneity over time in the rate of an event with a
      modification of Page's cumulative sum (cusum) procedure. The modification draws
      on an indifference zone approach to testing that is well suited to the
      epidemiologic study of retrospective data. We provide procedures for evaluating
      the significance level of the largest observed cusum value occurring in a
      sequence of fixed length. We draw inferences unconditionally with a known
      baseline rate of the event, and conditionally on observed margins with unknown
      baseline rate. Data collected over a five year period from one New York City
      hospital serve to illustrate the modified cusum test in a study of fluctuations
      in the proportions of chromosomally normal, trisomic, X-monosomic and triploid
      spontaneous abortions.

PMID- 3841405
TI  - [How to evaluate male fertility in 1984? II. Biology].
AB  - If one regards the 10th percentile as the lower limit which permits a semen
      sample to be regarded as normal in a population, one can show that 42% of
      infertile men and 71% of fertile men have "normal" semen, but 36% of men
      considered to be primarily infertile have fertilised their wives in the year
      which follows their first spermiogram. One can imagine the difficulty of
      confirming masculine infertility in a particular case. The author studies the
      laboratory methods which allow the diagnosis of masculine fertility to be
      improved.

PMID- 3841406
TI  - [Distal tubal surgery].
AB  - The author summarizes his extensive experience of surgical treatment of tubal
      sterility. He shows by analysis of statistics of 1968 to 1980, that microsurgery
      does not significantly improve the total of intrauterine pregnancies, but seems
      to reduce the number of extrauterine gestations. He states that the results of
      tubal surgery seem to have attained a plateau, whilst one can anticipate a
      considerable development of in vitro fertilisation in the coming years.

PMID- 3841407
TI  - [Prevention of tubal sterility].
AB  - The prevention of tubal sterility necessitates not only the diagnosis and
      treatment of venereal infections, but also the prevention of post-partum, post
      abortum, and especially iatrogenic infections. Equally, the surgeon has a role to
      play, for many tubal sterilities follow traumatic surgical interventions in young
      women and adolescents.

PMID- 3841408
TI  - Parasite-specific interaction of N-[4-(4'nitroanilino)-phenyl]-S-(beta
      carboxyethyl)-dithiocar bamic acid-ester with arginyl-tRNA-synthetase from
      Dirofilaria immitis.
AB  - A potent inhibition of arginyl-tRNA-synthetase from Dirofilaria immitis by N-[4
      (4'nitroanilino)-phenyl]-S-(beta-carboxylethyl)-dith iocarbamic acid-ester (CGP
      8065) is demonstrated, which indicates the charging of amino acids to tRNA as a
      possible target for the chemotherapeutic attack by this filaricidal compound. CGP
      8065 competes with ATP; the inhibition constant was determined to be 13
      micrograms ml-1 (34 microM). The Michaelis constants for arginine and ATP were
      found to be 5 microM and 0.4 mM, respectively. The inhibition of arginyl-tRNA
      synthetase by CGP 8065 was shown to be specific for D. immitis; the isofunctional
      enzymes from Ascaris suum and rat liver were not affected.

PMID- 3841409
TI  - A radioimmunoassay system for LH based on the antigenic similitude of LH with
      HCG: methodology and applications.
AB  - A double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) system for LH (LH-IEP Kit) was developed
      using the antigenic similitude of LH with HCG. The first antibody (Ist Ab) is
      rabbit anti-HCG serum, initial dilution 1:200 000. The tracer is 125I-HCG (code
      MJ-14 Swierk Poland). The standard curve is calibrated with the reference
      preparation hLH-Ist-IRP 68/40 kindly offered by WHO. The IInd Ab is pig anti
      rabbit IgG serum. The incubation conditions: volume-0.3 ml; time-24 hrs with Ist
      Ab and 24 hrs with the IInd Ab at ambient temperature. The sensitivity of the RIA
      system for LH is 1.5 mIU/ml. To validate our RIA system the LH was measured in
      the serum samples collected from 9 women during the menstrual cycles, from 2 boys
      during the GnRH test, from 2 amenorrheic women and from 20 children, adolescents
      and adults with miscellaneous pathologies. In all these samples, parallel
      measurements of LH and FSH were performed using DDR commercial RIA Kits-SSW. It
      is to be mentioned that the LH-RIA Kit-SSW is not completely homologous, the Ist
      Ab being rabbit serum anti-HCG. The results obtained during 4 menstrual cycles,
      in which the LH peak is observed around the mid point of the interval are:
      follicular phase 17.92 +/- 5.58 mIU/ml (means +/- SD) with LH-IEP-Kit and 5.51 +/
      2.77 mIU/ml with the LH-SSW-Kit, peak: 26.07 +/- 22.13 mIU/ml and 9.13 +/- 5.60
      mIU/ml respectively; luteal phase: 12.55 +/- 5.46 mIU/ml and 3.4 +/- 2.38 mIU/ml,
      respectively. The LH values observed by the two kits through all 9 menstrual
      cycles are well correlated ("r" values in the range 0.7-0.9) but high
      discrepancies were observed in the remaining 3 cycles ("r" between 0.07 and 0.6).
      These discrepancies as well as those observed in some adolescents with genetic
      anomalies and in a patient at climacterium are suggesting that the two LH-RIA
      systems measure not only a common molecular area but also different areas of the
      LH circulating molecules.

PMID- 3841410
TI  - Effect of selective and non-selective antimuscarinics on rectosigmoid motility
      and gastrointestinal transit.
AB  - In 12 healthy volunteers, a rectosigmoid motility index (RSMI) was measured when
      either placebo, 0.5 mg atropine, or 5 mg pirenzepine was given intravenously as a
      single dose, double-blind, in random order after a control period of 30 min.
      Compared with the control period, atropine gave a significant decrease of the
      RSMI during the entire recorded period of 90 min, whereas pirenzepine inhibited
      RSMI only during the first two 15-min periods. In another series of experiments,
      gastrointestinal transit was assessed by means of a radiographic marker method.
      In healthy volunteers, gastrointestinal transit was estimated (n = 20) and
      gastric secretion was measured (basally and after modified sham feeding; n = 10)
      during oral medication with placebo, 50 mg pirenzepine twice daily, or 17.5 mg
      benzilonium bromide twice daily. In 10 of the volunteers gastrointestinal transit
      was also estimated with 35 mg benzilonium bromide twice daily, and in the other
      10 volunteers with 0.6 mg L-hyoscyamine twice daily. The number of retained
      markers was significantly lower during pirenzepine than during L-hyoscyamine
      treatment. Neither dose of benzilonium bromide changed the transit of markers.
      Compared with non-selective antimuscarinics, the effect of pirenzepine was
      differential: with equipotently acid-reducing doses the decrease of the RSMI
      after pirenzepine lasted shorter and gastrointestinal transit was accelerated.

PMID- 3841411
TI  - The distribution of labeled antibiotics in normal and infected rat brain: an
      autoradiographic study.
AB  - The penetration and distribution of labeled benzylpenicillin and cefuroxime into
      normal and infected rat brain was studied. 15 rats were injected intravenously
      with radiolabeled antibiotic; 5 of these served as uninfected controls and 10
      were previously infected by stereotactic deposition of 10(11) B. fragilis in the
      right frontal lobe inducing bacterial cerebritis. The animals were killed after
      administration of antibiotic. The brains were immediately frozen and cut into
      20/micron sections. Autoradiographic recordings showed that benzylpenicillin was
      mainly distributed in the cerebrospinal fluid and pial vessels but no activity
      was found in the deeper grey or white matter. In contrast, cefuroxime was found
      not only in the surrounding but also in the centre of the infected area. The
      autoradiographic technique provides a valuable method for studies of the
      distribution of antibiotics in the brain.

PMID- 3841412
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of an inhibitor of the vascular effects of vasopressin in
      patients with congestive heart failure].
AB  - To assess the role of vasopressin (AVP) in congestive heart failure (CHF), we
      investigated 10 patients with CHF refractory to conventional treatment, before
      and 60 minutes after intravenous administration of 5 micrograms/kg of
      d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, a specific antagonist of AVP at the vascular receptor level.
      Heart rate, systemic arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary
      capillary wedge pressure, cardiac index by thermodilution, and cutaneous blood
      flow by laser-Doppler technique were measured. In 9 patients there was no
      significant hemodynamic and cutaneous blood flow response to the AVP antagonist.
      Plasma AVP was 2.3 +/- 0.8 pg/ml and plasma osmolality 284 +/- 14 mosm/kg H2O.
      The tenth patient had the most severe CHF. His plasma AVP was 55 pg/ml and plasma
      osmolality 290 mosm/kg. He responded to the AVP antagonist with a marked decrease
      in systemic arterial pressure from 115/61 to 79/41 mm Hg, in pulmonary arterial
      pressure from 58/31 to 33/13 mm Hg and in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from
      28 to 15 mm Hg. Simultaneously cardiac index increased from 1.1 to 2.21 X min-1 X
      m-2 and cutaneous blood flow rose 5-fold. Thus, most patients with CHF have only
      moderately elevated plasma AVP and its role in determining peripheral vascular
      resistance appears to be limited. AVP may become important in rare patients
      presenting with marked hemodynamic instability and very high plasma AVP.

PMID- 3841413
TI  - [Athletic rehabilitation following arthroscopic meniscectomy].

PMID- 3841414
TI  - [A severe knee injury from the viewpoint of the soccer player].

PMID- 3841415
TI  - [Surgical tactics in thyroid diseases in relation to immunomorphological
      indicators].

PMID- 3841416
TI  - [Use of microcomputers in the storage of biopsy records].

PMID- 3841417
TI  - [Inhibitors of the serine-proteases of coagulation with special reference to
      antithrombin III and heparin cofactor II].

PMID- 3841418
TI  - [Cancer of the esophagus as a second primary neoplasm in a patient with gastric
      lymphoma].

PMID- 3841419
TI  - [Sexually transmitted diseases after travel in tropical countries].

PMID- 3841420
TI  - Turnover study of heparin cofactor II in healthy man.
AB  - Heparin cofactor II (HC II) is a heparin-dependent inhibitor of thrombin,
      distinct from antithrombin III (AT III). This study was designed to evaluate its
      metabolism in healthy subjects. Purified HC II was labelled with 125I by the
      lactoperoxidase-glucose oxidase technique. The biological activity of the HC II
      was unchanged after labelling as was its migratory pattern by crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis in the presence of heparin or dermatan sulfate. Three
      healthy volunteers were injected with 10 microCi and the plasma radioactivity was
      measured daily. The data were approximated by a sum of two exponential terms and
      the metabolism of HC II was described by a two compartment mamillary system. The
      mean values of fractional catabolic rate, intravascular fraction and half-life of
      the elimination phase were respectively: 0.44 d-1, 0.60 and 2.53 d. These
      parameters are of the same order of magnitude as those reported in the literature
      for AT III. The plasma HC II concentration in the 3 subjects ranged from 61 to 82
      micrograms/ml as estimated using our purified preparation. Accordingly, the
      absolute catabolic rate ranged from 1.17 to 1.36 mg X kg-1 X d-1.

PMID- 3841421
TI  - Plasmatic and urinary protein C levels in nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 3841422
TI  - Transient ischemic attack (T.I.A.) in a patient with non-thrombogenic hereditary
      protein C deficiency under oral contraceptives.

PMID- 3841423
TI  - [Observations on preimplantation mouse embryos after irradiation and after a
      combination of ionizing rays and drugs].

PMID- 3841424
TI  - Synthesis and molecular structure of prolame, N-(3-hydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien
      17 beta-yl)-3-hydroxypropylamine; an amino-estrogen with prolonged anticoagulant
      and brief estrogenic effects.
AB  - The synthesis and molecular structure of prolame, N-(3-hydroxy-1,3,5(10)
      estratrien-17 beta-yl)-3-hydroxypropylamine, is described. It was characterized
      by ir, nmr, mass spectrometry and chemical analysis. The crystal structure of
      this compound was determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction. Prolame belongs
      to space group P212121. Cell dimensions are: a = 8.356(2), b = 13.343(4) and c =
      16.119(4) A. Z = 4; R = 4.1%.

PMID- 3841425
TI  - The anticoagulant effect of prolame, N-(3-hydroxy-1,3,5(10)estratrien-17 beta-yl)
      3-hydroxypropylamine, a novel amino-estrogen.
AB  - The anticoagulant and estrogenic effects of prolame, N-(3-hydroxy-1,3,5(10)
      estratrien-17 beta-yl)-3-hydroxypropylamine, are described. A single subcutaneous
      injection of prolame in male mice, ovariectomized mice, adult and infant male
      rats, produced dose-dependent increases of blood clotting time, which could be
      observed with the larger doses even after 4 days. In ovariectomized mice, prolame
      produced vaginal cornifications of shorter duration than those produced by
      estradiol-17 beta. The evidence suggests that, in contrast with currently used
      estrogens, prolame would not generate cardiovascular accidents if used for the
      treatment of prostatic carcinoma; it could also be exceptionally effective for
      the prevention of thrombosis.

PMID- 3841426
TI  - Effect of high daytime temperatures on the intake and utilisation of water in
      lactating Friesian cows.
AB  - Four primiparous Friesian cows in mid-lactation and housed in climate chambers
      were simultaneously exposed to three sequential climate treatments: 1, a three
      week period in a thermoneutral environment (ambient temperature Ta 14-21 degrees
      C and relative humidity r.h. 60-70%); 2, a similar period during which they were
      exposed to Ta max. 38 degrees C/r.h. max. 80% for up to 7 h and Ta 14-21 degrees
      C/r.h. 60-70% for 17 h each day; and 3, a three-week period during which they
      were subjected once more to the thermoneutral conditions described for 1. Water
      and a complete feed were constantly available. Compared with water intake
      (drinking water + feed water) under thermoneutral conditions cows exposed to
      treatment 2 significantly increased their mean intake by 12.2%; in three cows,
      this involved a phase-shift of greater than 20% in drinking habits from day (hot)
      to night (cool) time. Water balance trials conducted at the mid-point of each
      treatment revealed that the mean losses of water via urine, faeces, milk, sweat
      and saliva as a percentage of water intake changed significantly resulting in a
      net gain (retention) of body water. An accompanying significant increase in live
      weight despite a 9.1% decrease in DM intake during treatment 2 confirmed the
      water retention results. On return to thermoneutral conditions (3), the cows
      exhibited a marked weight loss and a significant increase in urinary water
      excretion over treatment 1 and 2 values, signifying that a large proportion of
      the water retained during 2 was of extracellular origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3841427
TI  - [Friction lesions of the knee during sports].

PMID- 3841428
TI  - [Surgical treatment of otosclerosis. Therapeutic results of employment of the
      Fisch prosthesis in 100 consecutive patients with otosclerosis].

PMID- 3841429
TI  - Computers and veterinary practice in the United Kingdom.
AB  - The results of a survey of 103 computers being used by veterinary surgeons in the
      United Kingdom are presented. Details of the hardware and software in use are
      given as well as the costs, time taken to change to computerisation and the ease
      of implementing such a changeover. The problems that arose with hardware,
      software, supply companies and staff are summarised. Details are presented about
      after sales service contracts, office staff training, user opinions as to overall
      cost effectiveness, and advice offered to colleagues considering changing to
      computerisation.

PMID- 3841430
TI  - Efficacy of ivermectin paste against Strongyloides westeri in foals.

PMID- 3841431
TI  - [Possibilities of embolization in life-threatening hemorrhage].

PMID- 3841432
TI  - [Experience in using cluster analysis and the prognosis of the stages of
      epizootic risk for Newcastle disease in poultry].
AB  - An attempt was made to use clastic analysis and projection of the steps of the
      epizootic hazard with regard to Newcastle disease. There were no records of the
      disease after 1982 but still it is the object of consideration on the part of
      specialists. A clastic analysis was made on the base of a factorial model of
      Newcastle disease in this country for the 1970-1979. Used was a programme already
      worked out and practised at the Pilot Computor Center of the Medical Academy,
      Sofia. The districts in the country were grouped in a dendogramme, 16 groups
      being distinguished out of a total of 27 districts. This showed that regardless
      of the small territory of the country the districts are sufficiently differing
      between each other (due to the various degrees of integration) so that they could
      not be grouped together by similar values of intensity of poultry breeding and
      epizootic conjuncture with regard to Newcastle disease. Districts of epizootic
      hazard ranging from 1st to 5th degree substantiate the use of a differential
      approach in building up the tactics of prophylaxis and control of the disease,
      while measures concerning the poultry dressing combines should be at a high level
      regardless of the category of the respective district. The grouping of
      neighboring districts on a territorial principle disclosed the existence of
      reasons of climatic-and-geographic nature that could predispose equal degrees of
      intensity of poultry breeding and epizootic hazard.

PMID- 3841433
TI  - [Regulation of free radical oxidation of pulmonary surfactant lipids].
AB  - Surface-active substances of lung tissue, covering the alveoli, resembled the
      biological membranes in their structure. Their composition was controlled, among
      the other factors, also by free radical oxidation reactions. Under conditions of
      circulatory hypoxia the activity of antioxidative enzymes correlated with the
      alterations in antioxidative activity, with the rates of spontaneous and
      inducible lipid peroxidation in lung surfactants. As surfactant exhibited a
      limited antioxidative activity important for resistance of alveolar pneumocytes,
      their functions may be controlled by various exogenous antioxidants.

PMID- 3841434
TI  - [Nitrogen metabolic indices of infants fed a new milk mixture].
AB  - The efficacy of utilization of the protein compound from Ladushka, a new formula
      mixture, was studied in infants of the first 6 months of life, starting from the
      neonatal period. The protein component of the mixture consisted of casein and
      decalcified whey proteins (1:1). Calcium content comprised 400 mg/l, and its
      ratio with phosphorus approached the values recommended for formula feeding. The
      mass volumes of accessible lysine and cystine, despite additional enrichment of
      the mixture with these amino acids, were considerably reduced versus the expected
      values, that may be explained by insufficiently sparing technology of
      preparation.

PMID- 3841435
TI  - [Regulation of the activity of the blood kinin system as a method for the
      pathogenetic therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3841436
TI  - [Surfactant of the pulmonary alveoli. Physicochemical properties, biosynthesis
      and methods of determining the maturity of the lung tissue].

PMID- 3841437
TI  - Microsomal N- and C-oxidation of 4-substituted N-benzylanilines.
AB  - Using direct specific analytical techniques microsomal metabolism of N-benzyl-4
      substituted anilines has been investigated and found to include both N- and C
      oxidation. N-Debenzylation was observed with all substrates and species examined.
      N-Oxidation usually yielded aryl nitrones, although the N-hydroxy derivative of
      the 4-chloro-substituted substrate was identified in some species. This is the
      first direct evidence of microsomal N-hydroxylation of a secondary aniline. The
      metabolic formation of amides from these secondary amines was observed and is
      believed to be a novel class of metabolite for these substrates.

PMID- 3841438
TI  - [Skin diseases in the Republic of Uganda].

PMID- 3841439
TI  - [Latent inhibition in the mouse and rat in the conditioned passive avoidance
      response].

PMID- 3841440
TI  - Local cerebral glucose utilisation in experimental chronic hydrocephalus in the
      rat.
AB  - Many of the clinical features of normal pressure hydrocephalus have been ascribed
      to stretching of the periventricular nerve fibres. However, many patients may be
      asymptomatic despite considerable ventriculomegaly. To define the periventricular
      changes in cerebral energy metabolism we have measured local cerebral glucose
      utilisation in hydrocephalic and control Sprague-Dawley rats. Experimental
      hydrocephalus was induced by injection of kaolin into the cisterna magna of 3
      week-old rats. After 3 months, the animals fed and walked normally. LCGU was
      measured using the 14C-deoxyglucose method of Sokoloff. Autoradiographs were
      prepared and isotope concentration determined by densitometry. Glucose
      utilisation was measured in 39 anatomically defined areas, widely distributed
      throughout the brain, and comparisons between hydrocephalic animals and controls
      (given intracisternal saline) were made by analysis of variance. It was found
      that there was no significant difference in glucose utilisation between the two
      groups of rats in any of the areas measured. Hence ventriculomegaly in the young
      rat does not impair LCGU in surviving periventricular tissue.

PMID- 3841441
TI  - Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Avarone and Avarol.
AB  - The sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone and quinone, Avarol and Avarone, were previously
      found to be potent antitumor agents (Muller et al., 1984). In the present study
      it is reported that in aqueous solution (pH 7.2), in the presence of
      dimethylsulfoxide, Avarol is converted to Avarone. Avarone and to a smaller
      extent also Avarol were active against a variety of grampositive bacterial
      species. The highest activity was determined for Streptococcus pneumoniae and
      Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (MIC 0.781 mg/l). The antibacterial activity can be
      augmented 2 to 4-fold by lowering the pH in the culture medium from 7.0 to 6.0.
      The efficiency of Avarone and Avarol was abolished in the presence of serum. No
      antibacterial activity was determined in gramnegative bacterial species. In
      addition, Avarol and to a smaller extent also Avarone displayed an antifungal
      activity on Trichophyton species and Microsporum canis (MIC: 15.6-62.5 mg/l),
      while Avarone and not Avarol was active on Aspergillus niger, no activity was
      found against Candida species. These data indicate that the antitumor agents
      Avarol/Avarone display also antibacterial- and antifungal activities against a
      limited range of microorganisms.

PMID- 3841442
TI  - [Effect of interlok, remantadine and biotop on normal monocyte functional
      activity and in acute viral hepatitis].
AB  - The influence of interlok, biotop and remantadine on the functional activity of
      monocytes was determined with the use of the NBT test permitting the quantitative
      evaluation of this characteristic. In this study interlok was found to give
      promising results in the treatment of acute viral hepatitis, due both to its
      antiviral action and to the stimulation of the functional activity of monocytes.
      biotop proved to render a sharply pronounced stimulating effect on the functional
      activity of monocytes, thus enhancing antiviral resistance. Remantadine
      suppressed the functional activity of monocytes and increased their lesion by the
      virus, thus creating favorable conditions for virus persistence in monocytes.

PMID- 3841443
TI  - [Gamma-topography of the cerebrospinal fluid passages of the spinal cord in
      traumatic injuries of the brachial plexus at the preganglionic level].
AB  - Gamma-topography of the cerebrospinal fluid tracts of the spinal cord (GCTSC) was
      conducted in 28 patients with traumatic injuries of the brachial plexus at the
      preganglionic level. The object of GCTSC was to identify the character of damage
      inflicted to the spinal cord, its meninges, and the roots at the preganglionic
      level in the presence of the pain syndrome. Spatial-temporal distribution of the
      radiopharm agent in the submeningeal space served as the basis for setting apart
      radiological signs characterizing the anatomical disorders and disturbances in
      cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in the submeningeal space of the spinal cord. The
      radiological picture was always composed of adhesive-cicatricial and adhesive
      cystic processes with arachnoid cysts or cerebrospinal fistulas in the
      cervicothoracic segment of the spinal cord.

PMID- 3841444
TI  - Mortality, morbidity and long-term results in surgically treated hyperthyroid
      patients. Review of 597 cases.
AB  - An analysis is presented of 597 cases of Graves' disease or toxic multinodular
      goitre surgically treated in 1956-1980. The mortality rate was only 0.2%. The
      incidence of postoperative haemorrhage was 0.2%, damage to the recurrent
      laryngeal nerve 3.2%, postoperative thyrotoxic crisis 1.7%, acute
      hypoparathyroidism 2.2% and acute postoperative respiratory failure due to
      tracheomalacia 0.5%. Early complications were significantly more common among the
      patients with Grave's disease than in the multinodular goitre group. Thyroid
      function was re-evaluated in 116 patients after a mean postoperative interval of
      9 years. Hyperthyroidism had recurred in ten of them and six were hypothyroid
      (8.6 and 5.2%). The evolution of the thyroid functional status was not
      significantly related to the pathology or to the sex or age of the patients.

PMID- 3841445
TI  - Early dumping reaction after partial gastrectomy and its relation to preoperative
      apomorphine testing.
AB  - Risk factors for postoperative early dumping symptoms were studied prospectively
      in 289 consecutive peptic ulcer patients followed up for 5 years after antrectomy
      and gastroduodenostomy with or without vagotomy. Grade 2 or 3 dumping was present
      in 14% of the patients and was about four times as frequent in women as in men
      after antrectomy alone. The incidence of such dumping grades was twice as high
      after combined antrectomy and vagotomy as after antrectomy alone. Both
      differences were statistically significant. Milk intolerance, which often
      appeared as a symptom of dumping, was more common after combined antrectomy and
      vagotomy. Dumping seemed primarily to be related to the sex of the patient or to
      milk intolerance, whereas vagotomy additional to antrectomy seemed to enhance the
      risk of incurring dumping by causing milk intolerance. Grade 2 or 3 dumping was
      statistically associated with postoperative loss of weight. Pre operative
      apomorphine test was performed with the aim of detecting predisposition to
      postoperative dumping reaction. The authors conclude that apomorphine test
      preoperatively cannot predict postoperative dumping.

PMID- 3841446
TI  - Homeorhesis during early lactation. Euthyroid sick-like syndrome in lactating
      cows.
AB  - Serum levels of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse T3 (rT3) were
      studied in dry, early (first trimester) and middle (second trimester) lactating
      purebred Holstein cows. The study encompassed three different seasons: autumn,
      winter and spring. Under comfortable weather conditions (temperature 22 degrees
      C; relative humidity, 40%) or moderately hot (28 degrees C; 60%), January and
      October, respectively, cows in early lactation exhibited significantly lower
      levels of T4 and T3, and higher values of rT3 than dry or middle lactating
      animals. In contrast, during May, when environmental temperature increased (34
      degrees C; 40%), a clear-cut shift in T3/rT3 ratio occurred, and animals in early
      lactation exhibited the highest T3 and the lowest rT3 concentrations. These
      findings suggest that in dairy cattle, peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism
      plays a major role in regulating the homeorhetic responses involved in the
      maintenance of high priority functions.

PMID- 3841447
TI  - [An improved method for determination of phosphoglycerate kinase isoenzyme
      patterns of murine hemopoietic cells by cellulose acetate membrane
      electrophoresis].

PMID- 3841448
TI  - Electrical stimulation of the ear. Symposium. Brussels, 1984.

PMID- 3841449
TI  - [Etiological evaluation of deafness in children].
AB  - In relation to cochlear implants, the authors review the various etiologies of
      deafness in infancy and childhood, either genetic or acquired in order to
      determine the criteria for advising implantation. They put forward the necessity
      of complete evaluation of all the auditory pathways involved to determine if a
      premature who has sustained hypoxicischemic encephalopathy and a full term baby
      have the same chance to benefit from cochlear implants after meningitis. Defined
      criteria are urgent needs for patients and parents.

PMID- 3841450
TI  - Diagnosis and prevention of total deafness in relation to selection criteria of
      cochlear implant.
AB  - The authors present their general phylosophy in their approach of the selection
      of candidates for cochlear implant. They stress the fact that although a great
      effort is spent in the development of cochlear implant projects, an equal amount
      of energy has to be spent to the prevention of deafness, especially of the
      iatrogenic type.

PMID- 3841451
TI  - [Rehabilitation programs for patients with cochlear implants as a function of
      acquired experience in logopedics for deaf children].
AB  - Rehabilitation of patients after cochlear implant surgery should be planified
      along the same basic principles as those that have been envolved for the
      adaptation of patients to a classical hearing aid or acoustic prosthesis. When
      this is adapted to a patient with a sensorineural hearing loss, the quality of
      hearing differs from that of normal hearing because the pathological inner ear
      introduces distorsions. The patient therefore has to be trained to equate the new
      auditory sensations with those he had previously, which is basically the same
      situation as with a cochlear implant. Some profoundly or totally deaf patients
      are fitted with vibro-tactile aids and they also have to be trained to make use
      of these new sensations in a meaningful way for an aid to speech understanding.
      For the above reasons the term "cochlear prosthesis" is considered particularly
      adequate. It also has the advantage of playing down the surgical aspect of this
      new technique, often overemphasized by the media and creating exaggerated
      emotional involvement of the patients. If the above facts are recognized, one
      should entrust the rehabilitation of patients fitted with cochlear prostheses to
      logopeds (speech therapists) well trained in the habilitation and prosthetic
      adaptation of profoundly deaf children. Only they have the expertise necessary to
      devise and apply a program founded upon experience. This will help avoid the
      pitfalls into which several surgically directed cochlear implant teams are
      currently falling. One of these is to design a training program in function of
      the tests meant to measure the patients' new capacities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3841452
TI  - Information transmission with an eight channel bipolar cochlear implant. Acoustic
      simulation experiments.
AB  - In order to find the best stimulus parameters for the processing of a speech
      signal for cochlear implant applications, a speech processor was developed. The
      information which can be transmitted by means of an eight channel implant is
      simulated. The results indicate that identification and forced choice
      discrimination of (CV) and (VC) syllables is possible. The perception of
      consonants is more affected than that of vowels. Within one test session an
      effect of learning was established which remained restricted to the trained
      filter condition.

PMID- 3841453
TI  - [Personal experience with a unicanal extracochlear implant in reference to
      rehabilitation in total bilateral deafness. Multicenter study. Preliminary
      report].
AB  - Our choice of a unicanal extracochlear implant is characterized by a reasonable
      attitude and simplicity. Simplicity and reason, because the already existing
      experiments show that in the field of cochlear implants there is no correlation a
      priori between the satisfaction of the research worker developing a complex
      electronic system in the laboratory and the satisfaction of the patient
      benefiting from such a system. Furthermore, the extracochlear implant respects
      and conserves the anatomical structure of the cochlea. It does not compromise
      future interventions. A replacement could be carried out in the future should a
      more perfected system be invented. The latter argument is particularly useful if
      a child is being considered for an implant. All patients with implants benefit
      from the following results: the satisfaction of hearing their own voice again, a
      better control of the voice (loudness and intensity), comprehension is
      facilitated (lip reading and noise perception), end of the sensation of
      isolation. The first results obtained are very encouraging. We find it most
      essential to continue our work in the same manner and with an inter-University
      working group (GRIC). The standardisation of results of the various teams
      involved seems to be imperative. We conclude by the following: At the present
      state of our knowledge, the unicanal extracochlear implant seems to be a
      reasonable solution and a realistic approach in the rehabilitation of total
      bilateral deafness.

PMID- 3841454
TI  - Extracochlear eight-channel electrode system. Report on 104 patients.

PMID- 3841455
TI  - The Chorimac-12. A multichannel cochlear implant for total deafness. Description
      and clinical results.
AB  - More than 90% of cases of patients suffering from acquired or congenital deafness
      may be provided with some sound sensation owing to the electrical stimulation of
      the few cochlear nerve fibers that are still present in the deaf cochlea. In
      order to obtain some speech discrimination without lip reading it is necessary to
      elicite different frequency sound sensations. Thus electrically proofs
      compartments must be performed all along the cochlear keyboard. The placement of
      12 intra-cochlear electrodes is greatly facilitated by using an electrodes-bearer
      which is introduced through a very simple and classical surgical procedure. The
      indications for implanting depend on undiscussible criteria (total deafness,
      auditory response to electrical stimulation of the round window, patient's
      motivation). Clinical results consist of psychoaffective improvement and auditory
      possibilities. All patients are able to discriminate homosyllabic words in closed
      lists without lips reading, but the percentages of these performances greatly
      vary from one patient to the other. Some patients, generally suffering from
      acquired total deafness, are able to discriminate words or sentences without
      reference list and without help of lips reading. These results depend on the
      patient's socialization level, on the pre or post-lingual status of the deafness,
      on an eventual cochlear ossification, and on the value of several pre operative
      electro physiological data. Associated handicaps (autism, blindness, tetraplegia)
      are not contra indications and often represent supplementary reasons for
      implanting. The value of these post-operative results may be predicted owing to a
      series of electrical pre-operative tests and clinical data. Thus it is possible
      to determine the respective indications of multi and single channel cochlear
      implants.

PMID- 3841456
TI  - The UIA-KUL cochlear implant. Goals and status praesens.
AB  - The authors describe the characteristics and specific advantages of their 8
      channel bipolar intrascalar stimulator, its main asset being flexibility. They
      emphasize the need for caution in the use of cochlear implants in children.

PMID- 3841457
TI  - Leuven and Antwerpen Universities Research Auditory prosthesis (LAURA).

PMID- 3841458
TI  - Status praesens: cochlear implant. UIA-KULeuven-Forelec.
AB  - The authors review some basic anatomy and physiology of the auditory system as an
      introduction to the principles of cochlear implantation. A detailed description
      of the UIA-KUL-Forelec implant (LAURA) is given.

PMID- 3841459
TI  - Scanning electron microscopical analysis of the acute and chronic effects of
      intra-cochlear electrode implantation.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the acute histopathological
      effects immediately after surgical implantation of a 2-channel electrode, and the
      chronic effects after long-term placement of the perscalar implant. This study
      with cats shows that an atraumatic implantation can be achieved and that the
      peripheral neural structures were retained although the hair cells degenerated
      and the spatial organization of the supporting cells was slightly changed. The
      population of hair cells outside the region of the implanted electrode was not
      affected.

PMID- 3841461
TI  - [Varicocele. Reports presented during a colloquium organized by the Belgian
      Society of Urology. Brussels, 2 March 1985].

PMID- 3841460
TI  - Rapid effect of prednisolone on serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol levels in
      hypercalcemic sarcoidosis.
AB  - We have studied a hypercalcemic patient with sarcoidosis and advanced renal
      failure. Bone biopsy and urinary cAMP excretion indicated suppression of
      parathyroid function. 1,25(OH)2D levels were moderately elevated and dropped to
      low normal levels during prednisolone treatment. Discontinuation of prednisolone
      treatment caused deterioration of renal function and hypercalcemia, 1,25(OH)2D
      serum levels being within the normal range. Our data demonstrate the rapid speed
      at which prednisolone causes a drop in serum 1,25(OH)2D level. Since
      hypercalcemia was observed both during periods of hypercalciuria and normal serum
      1,25(OH)2D levels, increased sensitivity to active vitamin D seems likely. There
      was no significant correlation between 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D or 25,26(OH)2D.
      Furthermore there was no correlation between any of these three metabolites and
      either 1,25(OH)2D or serum calcium.

PMID- 3841462
TI  - [A case of hernia uteri inguinalis with a left crossed ectopic testis].
AB  - A 70-year-old man with the complaint of dysuria and painless swelling of the
      right scrotal sac and inguinal region was operated on for suspected right
      inguinal hernia. The hernia sac contained two testis and immature uterine tissue,
      which were pathognomonic of left crossed ectopic testis complicated by hernia
      uteri inguinalis. The chromosomes were normal. Statistics on 57 similar cases
      indicated that this was the eldest of all such patients reported in Japan; since
      he had two children, he seems to have been fertile.

PMID- 3841463
TI  - Comparison of therapeutic usefulness of vitamin D3 analogs on osteoporosis caused
      by ovariectomy in rats.
AB  - Ovariectomy induced a remarkable reduction in the ash content of the femur and
      histologically a disappearance of the trabecular bone in tibial metaphysis
      accompanying the decrease of serum calcium level and urinary calcium excretion in
      young immature rats. Treatment with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,24R-dihydroxyvitamin D3 for 3 months from 7 to 9 months
      after the ovariectomy dose-dependently increased serum and urinary calcium, bone
      ash, and histologically partly improved a loss of trabeculae. The 24R,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 doses, on the other hand, produced no therapeutic effect on
      the bone disorders in ovariectomized rats, except for the slight effect on the
      increasing activity of serum calcium.

PMID- 3841464
TI  - Breast feeding, cow milk feeding, and allergy.
AB  - Information about every 10th child aged 14 to 38 months was collected by means of
      a questionnaire in Turku, Finland in March, 1983. This paper reports on the
      occurrence of allergy in relation to the duration of breast feeding and to the
      age of the child when cow milk feeding was started. The average duration of
      breast feeding was 5.7 months and the average age at the introduction of cow milk
      based products was 4.3 months. Allergy was reported in family members of 47.6% of
      the children. In 30.3% the child himself was reported allergic. The occurrence of
      allergy was unaffected by the duration of breast feeding and the age at
      introduction of cow milk feeding.

PMID- 3841465
TI  - Quantitation of thin-layer chromatograms with an Apple II computer-based
      videodensitometer.
AB  - An inexpensive, high-speed densitometer made from an Apple II computer, a black
      and-white video camera, and an image digitizing board is described. By
      supplementing the computer with a very fast coprocessor, one can obtain a
      measurement of a typical thin-layer spot in 30-40 s. Only minimal electronic
      expertise is required for assembling the system from the commercially available
      components. Coefficients of variation for multiple readings of a single 500-ng
      spot of charred lipid were about 0.5%. For lipid spots weighing 250 to 2000 ng, a
      second-order relationship between weight and density reading was obtained with a
      correlation coefficient of 0.998.

PMID- 3841466
TI  - Quantitative determination of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal by
      high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - 4-Hydroxynonenal is a product formed in tissue and tissue fractions from
      polyunsaturated membrane lipids through a free radical-induced lipid peroxidation
      process. The biological properties of this aldehyde have been studied in many
      respects. This article describes for the first time a sensitive and reproducible
      method for quantitative analysis of 4-hydroxynonenal in biological samples as
      well as in lipid-containing foodstuffs. The method involves extraction of the
      aldehyde by dichloromethane from cells or microsomes trapped on an Extrelut
      column. Oils and foodstuffs are extracted with excess water. After additional
      sample cleanup by solid-phase extraction on a disposable octadecyl silica gel
      (ODS) extraction column, the sample is analyzed by high-performance liquid
      chromatography using an ODS column and methanol/water 65/35 (v/v) or
      acetonitrile/water 40/60 (v/v) as eluant; the detection wavelength is 220 nm. The
      method developed has a high precision with coefficients of variation of 1.4%
      (microsomes) to 3.5% (olive oil). The recovery depends on the sample type and
      lies between 45% (control microsomes) and 96% (solution of hydroxynonenal in
      water). The method has been used for the determination of 4-hydroxynonenal in
      microsomes, platelets, and various foodstuffs.

PMID- 3841467
TI  - Computation of physiochemical parameters, inter alia, pH, in complex
      (bio)chemical systems.
AB  - Generic equations and algorithms are derived to compute, in complex (bio)chemical
      systems at equilibrium, the following physicochemical parameters: pH (or the
      concentration of any chemical species), partitions between acid and base forms,
      global charge, molar mean charges, ionic strength, and molar mean contributions
      to ionic strength. The model only requires the knowledge of existing
      thermodynamic constants and of the composition of the system in chemical species
      as the sum of the different forms other than the species under examination. It
      takes ionic strength aspects into consideration. Several innovations simplify the
      computation process: use of polyacidity constants, generalized expression of
      molar parameters, computation of global parameters from molar mean contributions,
      simplified corrections for activity, and easy iterative process for pH
      determination. The model always elicits a unique equilibrium state, namely, it
      always yields a unique pH value. Computed values always agreed with experimental
      measurements, thereby validating the model. Digital computer programs were
      prepared to use the proposed algorithms, which are also a very simple and easy
      way, compared to the available mathematical descriptions, to solve the problem
      "manually" without computer facilities.

PMID- 3841468
TI  - A rapid, inexpensive, quantitative, general-purpose densitometer and its
      application to one-dimensional gel electrophoretograms.
AB  - We describe the construction of a densitometer based on a TV camera linked to an
      IBM personal computer (PC) using commercially available components. We discuss
      some of the problems of accurate quantitative densitometry using low-cost video
      systems, and describe the manner in which absolute optical density values may be
      recorded. We describe a digital analysis routine designed to quantitate
      unresolved bands on noisy one-dimensional electrophoretograms.

PMID- 3841469
TI  - Infant pulmonary vascular model based on the pulmonary input impedance spectrum.
AB  - A mathematical model of the infant pulmonary vascular system was developed by
      altering an adult model to fit the hemodynamic properties of an infant pulmonary
      vascular bed. The model was designed for infants between the ages of 1 and 2
      years with both normal and high mean pulmonary artery pressures (PAPs). The
      resulting infant model was evaluated on the basis of the computed parameters of
      cumulative length, volume and resistance of the pulmonary vascular bed, as well
      as on the basis of comparisons of the model spectra with actual computed spectra
      for ventricular septal defect patients who were of comparable age, had comparable
      mean PAPs and were not diagnosed as having pulmonary vascular disease. It was
      observed that the first minimum and first maximum in the modulus of the input
      impedance spectrum of the infant model for both normal and high mean PAPs
      occurred at a higher frequency than in the adult model. These observations led to
      the conclusion that there is a natural, age-related shift in the input impedance
      spectrum of infants which is not necessarily indicative of pulmonary impairment.

PMID- 3841470
TI  - [Bullous form of malignant histiocytosis].

PMID- 3841471
TI  - [Goltz syndrome with facial clefts. Etiopathogenetic considerations. Apropos of a
      new case].

PMID- 3841472
TI  - Anaerobic degradation of veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether and guaiacoxyacetic
      acid by mixed rumen bacteria.
AB  - Veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether (0.2 g/liter), a lignin model compound, was
      found to be degraded by mixed rumen bacteria in a yeast extract medium under
      strictly anaerobic conditions to the extent of 19% within 24 h. Guaiacoxyacetic
      acid, 2-(o-methoxyphenoxy)ethanol, vanillic acid, and vanillin were detected as
      degradation products of veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether by thin-layer
      chromatography, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
      Guaiacoxyacetic acid (0.25 g/liter), when added into the medium as a substrate,
      was entirely degraded within 36 h, resulting in the formation of phenoxyacetic
      acid, guaiacol, and phenol. These results suggest that the beta-arylether bond,
      an important intermonomer linkage in lignin, can be cleaved completely by these
      rumen anaerobes.

PMID- 3841473
TI  - Early congenital syphilis still occurs.
AB  - Seven cases of early congenital syphilis have been recorded in the past 10 years
      in the Mersey Regional Health Authority. Antenatal serology was initially
      negative in five mothers, who were either incubating or acquired the infection
      later, and treatment had probably failed in two women given erythromycin for
      syphilis during pregnancy. Serology should be repeated later in pregnancy in
      those at high risk. Social factors that define this group include women who book
      for antenatal care late in pregnancy, have a past history of sexually transmitted
      disease, and have multiple consorts. Clinical signs in the infant such as failure
      to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, symmetrical rash, rhinitis, and osteochondritis
      should alert the clinician to the possibility of congenital syphilis. Adequate
      management of mother and baby requires close liaison between the genitourinary
      physician, microbiologist, obstetrician, and paediatrician. Penicillin remains
      the treatment of choice.

PMID- 3841474
TI  - [Ovine coccidiosis and its treatment under conditions of a livestock market in
      Senegal].
AB  - Three lots of 1 to 2 years old sheep are considered: the first is treated by
      ivermectin subcutaneous (IVOMEC ND), the second by chloroquin per os (NIVAQUINE)
      and the third is a control one. In the lot treated by chloroquin, 76.92% of sheep
      show a significant decrease of the EPG, seven days after the treatment. In the
      lot treated by ivermectin no significant decrease of the EPG is observed after
      the treatment. However in 50% of these sheep, the number of oocysts in the faeces
      decreases and their health is improved.

PMID- 3841475
TI  - On the etiology of congenital malformation of the meniscus.
AB  - In order to explain the occurrence of malformed meniscus in man, dissections were
      carried out in various vertebrates; they revealed that menisci shaped like a
      plate, disc, or ring are physiological components of the knee joint in several
      vertebrates. Microscopic examinations of tissue sections through the knee joint
      of human embryos revealed that the meniscus develops from an intermediate
      mesodermal blastema, which has the shape of a thick plate in the early embryonic
      period. The occurrence of a malformed meniscus in man may be explained by
      persistence of a very early embryonic stage and also possibly by reversal to a
      phylogenetic shape.

PMID- 3841476
TI  - Effects of cadmium treatment on selenium-dependent and selenium-independent
      glutathione peroxidase activities and lipid peroxidation in the kidney and liver
      of rats maintained on various levels of dietary selenium.
AB  - Rats fed a basal, low-selenium diet, or this diet supplemented with 0.1 ppm and
      1.0 ppm selenium and treated with cadmium, showed significant reductions in the
      activity of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase in kidney and liver. Cadmium
      treatment resulted in a significant increase in the activity of selenium
      independent glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver of selenium-supplemented
      rats. Selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly
      reduced in the kidney of rats fed the basal low-selenium diet. There was no
      significant increase in lipid peroxidation in any of the groups studied. Cadmium
      concentrations in the kidney and liver of these animals ranged from about 250 to
      700 micrograms Cd/g tissue, dry weight.

PMID- 3841477
TI  - Electrophysiologic changes in peripheral nerve following repeated exposure to
      organophosphorus agents.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the electrophysiologic changes which
      occur following repeated exposure to potent organophosphorus agents. The results
      show that DFP and soman each initially increase rat sciatic nerve conduction and
      reduce refractoriness. Continued exposure had a diminished effect with nerve
      excitability eventually returning to control. During recovery, the nerve membrane
      responsiveness to potassium-induced depolarization significantly changed in a
      manner which would indicate either decreased Na, K-ATPase activity or decreased
      potassium ion transmembrane flux. The data suggest that compensatory changes
      occur in rat nerve in response to organophosphorus exposure, and further, that
      these compensatory changes involve alteration in membrane ion fluxes.

PMID- 3841478
TI  - [Effect of different factors on the sex ratio in laboratory mouse embryogenesis].
AB  - Influence of two factors on distribution of embryos according to the sex is
      considered: genetic peculiarities of inbred mice and hybrid mice, as well as
      spontaneous embryonal death of the embryos of different sex. The work has been
      performed on C3H, CBA, C57BL strains of mice and on hybrid mice of CBA/C57BL and
      ICR/In(X)1H strains. The sex ratio in the mice studied is balanced. In the
      CBA/C57BL hybrid mice a certain shift in the sex ratio is noted towards female
      embryos. In the offspring of the ICR/In(X)1H hybrid mice the sex distribution of
      the embryos does not differ from the ratio 1:1. The results of the investigation
      confirm the opinion of the literature that genetic peculiarities of the inbred
      mice do not essentially influence the sex ratio in their offspring, while
      fluctuation in the sex ratio in the hybrid mice are evidently connected, in a
      greater degree, with their genetic peculiarities. As demonstrates the analysis of
      the sex relation and the embryonal death, there is no selective death in the
      embryos of any sex during embryogenesis in the mice investigated.

PMID- 3841479
TI  - Biosynthesis and processing of legumin-like storage proteins in Lupinus
      angustifolius (lupin).
AB  - Synthesis, secretion and post-translational proteolysis of the storage proteins
      in cotyledons of Lupinus angustifolius L. (lupin) have been examined in vivo and
      in vitro by using a combination of pulse-chase experiments with [3H]- or [35S]
      labelled amino acids, subcellular fractionation and cell-free translation from
      poly(A)+ (polyadenylylated) RNA or membrane-bound polyribosomes. Related
      polypeptides were identified by immunoprecipitation, separation on sodium dodecyl
      sulphate/polyacrylamide gels and fluorography. The synthesis and processing of
      two proteins were compared. Conglutin alpha, the 11 S protein, was found as a
      family of precursor polypeptides of Mr 68000-88000 when translated from poly(A)+
      RNA under conditions where signal segments were not cleaved, and Mr 64000-85000
      both when sequestered into the endoplasmic reticulum and when accumulated in the
      protein bodies. Pulse-chase labelling showed that cotyledons from early stages of
      development were completely incapable of further proteolysis of these precursors.
      Nevertheless, in the same juvenile cotyledons, the precursors of the minor
      storage protein conglutin gamma, two polypeptides with Mr 50000-51000, were
      proteolytically cleaved to mature subunits of Mr 32000 and 17000 within 2 h.
      Further cleavage of the precursors of conglutin alpha into families of mature
      subunits of Mr 21000-24000 and 42000-62000 was detected in more mature
      cotyledons. A model is proposed which suggests that the mature subunits are
      produced by a single proteolytic cleavage of each of the three major precursors
      of conglutin alpha and also suggests that a close similarity exists between these
      subunits and those of other legumin-like proteins. The enzyme responsible for
      this cleavage, which appears at a specific stage in the middle of cotyledonary
      development, seems to be an integral part of the programmed developmental
      sequence in these pods.

PMID- 3841480
TI  - [Aminooxypropylamine--an effective inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase in vitro
      and in vivo].
AB  - Hydroxylamine-containing analogues of putrescine and cadaverine have been found
      effective in inhibiting the mouse liver ornithine decarboxylase, the best among
      synthesized were 1-aminooxy-3-aminopropane (I50 2.10(-8) M) and 1-aminooxy-4
      aminobutane (I50 2.10(-7) M). The inhibitory effect of these substances on the
      mouse liver ornithine-transaminase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from E.
      coli was displayed at concentrations higher by several orders of magnitude, that
      demonstrated the specificity of the compounds of this type. 1-Aminooxy-3
      aminopropane in experiments in vivo suppressed the ornithine decarboxylase
      activity in mouse liver at 16 mg/kg by 75%, the toxic effect being insignificant.

PMID- 3841481
TI  - Molecular cloning of human LDL apolipoprotein B cDNA. Evidence for more than one
      gene per haploid genome.
AB  - We have isolated an apolipoprotein B (apo B) clone (pXB1) from a human liver cDNA
      expression library, by immunoselection with a polyclonal antibody to human low
      density lipoprotein. pXB1 was used to isolate 3 clones (pB2, pB3 and pB4),
      containing cDNA inserts spanning a region of 3.75 kbp, from a second human liver
      cDNA library. We report the sequence of 1359 nucleotides at the 3' end of the pB4
      cDNA insert and the amino acids encoded by this sequence. The cDNA inserts of
      pBX1 and pB2 overlapped the sequenced portion of pB4. pB2 contained an EcoR1
      restriction site (resulting in a Glu-Lys replacement) which is not present in pB3
      or pB4 and pB3 contained an MspI site not present in pB2 or pB4. Since all 3
      clones were derived from the mRNA of a single human liver, we suggest that the
      human haploid genome contains more than one functional apo B gene. Labelled
      probes spanning almost the whole of the pB4 cDNA insert hybridized with RNA from
      human liver and small intestine, showing that the apo B mRNAs from these two
      tissues have nucleotide sequences in common. The nucleotide sequence in human
      liver apo B mRNA is probably longer than 12 kb, showing that the MW of monomeric
      apo B is at least 350kd. Clone pB4 hybridized with mRNA of similar length in
      rabbit liver and small intestine. These results raise the possibility that the
      low MW apo B synthesized in the intestine (B-48) and the high MW apo B
      synthesized in the liver (B-100) are translated from the same mRNA. The
      expression products of fragments of pB4 cloned into an expression vector were
      blotted with monoclonal antibodies to human LDL. The results suggest that the
      cDNA insert in pB4 encodes a part of apo B common to B-48 and B-100 and a region
      close to the recognition site for the LDL receptor.

PMID- 3841482
TI  - Morphometric analytical evaluators of lymphoid populations in nonneoplastic lymph
      nodes.
AB  - A morphometric analysis using an Apple II microcomputer and shape analytical
      morphometry (SAM) software was performed of the nuclear shape in the lymphoid
      population of normal (nonneoplastic) lymph nodes to provide baseline parameters
      useful for distinguishing between different subtypes of lymphomas. Fourier
      harmonic analysis and two indices, a contour asymmetric evaluator (CAE) and a
      shape asymmetric evaluator (SAE), are proposed as non-dimensional shape
      parameters. Results obtained with the CAE and SAE indices indicate that they
      represent sensitive shape descriptors able to reveal even subtle irregularities
      of nuclear outline. With these parameters, centrocyte nuclei were easily
      differentiated from those of all other lymphoid cells while an interesting close
      relationship was found between lymphocytes and centroblasts. Lymphocyte nuclear
      shape was shown to be less regular than generally reported, suggesting the
      existence of subtle differences between stimulated and unstimulated nuclei.
      Immunoblast nuclei were shown to have the most regular shapes.

PMID- 3841483
TI  - Multimodal frequency distribution analysis of peripheral nerves.
AB  - In morphometric studies of peripheral nerves, the statistical analysis of such
      data as axon diameters is complicated by the presence of multimodal
      distributions. Nerve fiber diameters, for example, cannot be analyzed by
      classical parametric tests, and such descriptive statistics as mean or variance
      lose much of their usefulness. The recent development of stochastic catastrophe
      models offers a new parametric tool with which to describe multimodal
      distributions. This paper describes our development of a PASCAL computer program
      that permitted the modelling, comparison and segmentation of multimodal
      distributions. The method is based on a description of the multimodal frequency
      distributions by probability density functions of the canonical exponential
      family.

PMID- 3841484
TI  - Discrimination between precancerous and cancerous lesions of the uterine cervix
      by DNA measurements on tissue sections.
AB  - Morphologically typical uterine cervical biopsies were separated into normal
      cervices, condylomas and cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) grades I, II
      and III. At least 100 nuclei per lesion were measured on 4 micron Feulgen-stained
      sections using a Zeiss microspectrophotometer, with a variant of the plug method
      used to compute the nuclear DNA content. DNA distribution histograms were then
      decomposed into subsets of diploid, tetraploid, octoploid and aneuploid cells.
      The decomposition, which assumed a log-normal model of polydiploidy distribution,
      led to the identification of six indices: (1) the percentage of diploid cells,
      (2) the percentage of tetraploid cells, (3) the percentage of octoploid cells,
      (4) the percentage of aneuploid cells with DNA contents less than tetraploidy,
      (5) the percentage of aneuploid cells with DNA contents between tetraploidy and
      octaploidy and (6) the percentage of aneuploid cells with DNA contents greater
      than octoploidy. These indices, along with the mean nuclear radius, the 5c
      exceeding rate and the 2c deviation index, generated a nine-dimensional space.
      Two methods of discriminant analysis on this space showed discriminating powers
      of 78.22% and 87.13%, respectively, as compared to the original diagnoses. The
      most discriminating variable in both analyses appeared to be the percentage of
      octoploid cells.

PMID- 3841485
TI  - [Comparison between imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate and prindinole mesylate in the
      treatment of post-traumatic muscular pain].

PMID- 3841487
TI  - [Imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate. An anti-inflammatory agent with selective action].

PMID- 3841486
TI  - [Comparison between imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate and noramidopyrine in the
      treatment of postoperative pain in orthopedic patients].

PMID- 3841488
TI  - [Antiphlogistic therapy: new perspectives].

PMID- 3841489
TI  - [Comparison between imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate and naproxen in phlogistic
      diseases of gynecologic interest].

PMID- 3841490
TI  - [The action of imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate in urologic inflammatory processes.
      Comparison with oxyphenbutazone].

PMID- 3841491
TI  - [The use of imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate and piroxicam in the treatment of
      arthropathies of the spine and hip].

PMID- 3841493
TI  - [Imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate in the treatment of cervical and lumbar
      osteoarthrosis].

PMID- 3841492
TI  - [Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate or naproxen:
      study of the efficacy and tolerability].

PMID- 3841494
TI  - Dangers of the vagina.
AB  - Beliefs, myths, and literary expressions of men's fear of female genitals are
      reviewed. Both clinical evidence and folklore provide evidence that men imagine
      female genitals not only as a source of pleasure and attraction, but also as a
      source of danger in a very physical sense. The vagina dentata myth has many
      versions, including some modern ones, and its message is always the same: an
      awesome danger emanating from a woman's body. The prevalence of such feelings in
      folklore and in literature is noted.

PMID- 3841495
TI  - High-resolution solid-state 13C NMR study of free and metal-complexed macrocyclic
      antibiotic ionophores valinomycin, nonactin, and tetranactin: conformational
      elucidation in solid and solution by conformation-dependent 13C chemical shifts.
AB  - We recorded high-resolution 13C NMR spectra of the macrocyclic antibiotic
      ionophores valinomycin, nonactin, and tetranactin in the solid state by the cross
      polarization-magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) method, in order to gain insight into
      the use of conformation-dependent 13C chemical shifts as a convenient means to
      delineate a conformational change induced by metal ion complexation. The 13C peak
      splittings in the solid state are consistent with the symmetry properties of the
      ionophores as revealed by X-ray diffraction: C2 symmetry in free tetranactin and
      S4 or S6 symmetry for a variety of metal complexes of nonactin and tetranactin or
      the K+ complex of valinomycin, respectively. Interestingly, many of the 13C NMR
      peaks of carbons in the skeletal backbones were significantly displaced (up to 8
      ppm). The displacements of the peaks were explained by a conformational change as
      characterized by variations of torsion angles. Accordingly, we were able to
      obtain conformational features of Na+ and Cs+ complexes of valinomycin, for which
      X-ray diffraction data are unavailable, on the basis of the displacements of the
      13C NMR peaks. Further, we discuss conformational features of these complexes in
      chloroform solution, with reference to those observed in the solid state.

PMID- 3841496
TI  - Interaction of calmodulin and a calmodulin-binding peptide from myosin light
      chain kinase: major spectral changes in both occur as the result of complex
      formation.
AB  - Many different enzymes are activated by direct interaction with calmodulin; this
      interaction is thought to occur through a distinct calmodulin-binding domain in
      each of these enzymes. We have recently reported the sequence of a 27-residue
      peptide (denoted M13), derived from skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase
      (MLCK), that exhibits the properties expected of a calmodulin-binding domain
      [Blumenthal, D. K., Takio, K., Edelman, A. M., Charbonneau, H., Titani, K.,
      Walsh, K. A., & Krebs, E. G. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 3187-3191].
      The interaction between chemically synthesized M13 peptide and calmodulin has
      been studied by circular dichroism (CD) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance
      (NMR) spectroscopy. In the presence of Ca2+, the observed ellipticity of an
      equimolar mixture of M13 and calmodulin is much greater than the sum of the
      ellipticities of the two isolated proteins. In the absence of Ca2+, the measured
      ellipticity of the mixture is approximately the sum of the two components.
      Addition of the peptide to calmodulin causes dramatic changes in the proton NMR
      spectrum; at a 1:1 molar ratio, no evidence of either free peptide or free
      calmodulin is observed. Moreover, these data demonstrate that a unique species of
      the M13-calmodulin complex is formed, indicating that the peptide binds to
      calmodulin in only one way. The many resonances affected by M13 binding include
      residues in both halves of the calmodulin molecule. The observed CD and NMR
      effects suggest that secondary and tertiary conformational changes occur both in
      M13 and in calmodulin upon complex formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3841497
TI  - Fast approximations for accessible surface area and molecular volume of protein
      segments.

PMID- 3841498
TI  - The NIH Consensus Development Conference on Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast
      Cancer--a commentary.

PMID- 3841499
TI  - [The effect of calcium chloride on the ulcerogenic effect of ketophenylbutazone
      in relation to the calcium content of the gastric wall].

PMID- 3841500
TI  - [Respiratory depression caused by intrathecal morphine (role of renal failure)].

PMID- 3841501
TI  - Tastes associated with parenteral chemotherapy for breast cancer.
AB  - We employed a structured interview to retrospectively study tastes and vomiting
      associated with the parenteral components of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and
      5-FU in 45 patients with stage II-IV breast cancer. Sixteen patients (36%)
      reported tastes which generally occurred in each cycle within 30 minutes of
      parenteral drug administration, lasted less than or equal to 1 hour, and were
      bitter. Five patients recalled that tastes seemed to produce vomiting. Tasting
      was significantly associated with postchemotherapy (P less than 0.01) but not
      anticipatory vomiting. Employing logistic regression techniques, tasting did not
      significantly improve prediction of anticipatory vomiting by postchemotherapy
      vomiting. Tastes may be produced by the action of plasma or salivary
      cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU on taste buds. While tastes might cause
      some vomiting, they are not necessary for it. Because this was a retrospective
      study with a small sample, these findings require confirmation.

PMID- 3841502
TI  - Synthesis of the metabolites and degradation products of 2-amino-7-isopropyl-5
      oxo-5H-[1]benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-3- carboxylic acid (Amoxanox).

PMID- 3841503
TI  - Protective effects of a new LTD4 antagonist (LY-171883) in traumatic shock.
AB  - We studied the effects of a selective antagonist of LTD4 (LY-171883, 2 and 4
      mg/kg) in traumatic shock. Anesthetized rats subjected to Noble-Collip drum
      trauma developed a shock state characterized by a survival time of 1.7 +/- 0.3 h,
      a sixfold increase in plasma cathepsin D activity, and a fourfold increase in
      plasma myocardial depressant factor (MDF) activity. Administration of LY-171883
      did not significantly inhibit the release of the lysosomal hydrolase cathepsin D
      during traumatic shock. However, LY-171883 (2 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the
      accumulation of MDF activity in the plasma (51 +/- 2 vs 37 +/- 3 U/ml), vehicle
      vs drug, respectively, and significantly (p less than 0.02) prolonged survival
      time to 2.7 +/- 0.2 h. Administration of the antagonist at a dose of 4 mg/kg
      further improved survival time (3.4 +/- 0.6 h, p less than 0.01) and additionally
      blunted circulating MDF activities compared to traumatized rats given only the
      vehicle. LY-171883 was found to antagonize the bronchoconstrictor effect of LTD4
      given intravenously to anesthetized rats as well as the coronary vasoconstrictor
      actions of LTD4 in vitro. The beneficial effect of LTD4 antagonism in the present
      study is consistent with the concept that peptide leukotrienes are important
      mediators of the pathogenesis of traumatic shock.

PMID- 3841505
TI  - Computerized management in real time in nephrology. A departmental structure.

PMID- 3841504
TI  - Hydrocephalus following iophendylate injection myelography with spontaneous
      resolution: case report and review.
AB  - A 62-year-old patient developed severe adhesive spinal arachnoiditis and
      hydrocephalus with papilledema following iophendylate injection myelography.
      Papilledema and hydrocephalus resolved spontaneously. The possible mechanism for
      hydrocephalus is discussed and the literature reviewed.

PMID- 3841506
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of Syrian hamster HMG-CoA reductase cDNA.
AB  - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of Syrian hamster 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase cDNA. Comparison of the deduced
      amino acid sequence with the homologous sequence from Chinese hamster reveals
      highly conserved domains which appear to have functional significance. The amino
      terminal membrane domain of HMG-CoA reductase exhibits 100% homology. This region
      may span the endoplasmic reticulum seven times and is thought to be involved in
      the sterol-regulated degradation of HMG-CoA reductase (Gil et al., 1985; Liscum
      et al., 1985). The carboxyl terminus contains the active site of the enzyme and
      exhibits greater than 99% homology. A central region linking these two conserved
      domains exhibits greater divergence. In this region there is only 85% homology
      between the two hamster lines, suggesting that this linkage domain has a less
      stringent structural requirement.

PMID- 3841507
TI  - [Metastatic cancer of the heart--a clinicopathologic study of 68 cases].
AB  - The study of 68 autopsy cases of metastatic cancer of the heart is reported.
      There were 41 male and 27 female. The age was from 26-89 years. The primary
      neoplasms are as follows: carcinoma of lung (26.5%), lymphosarcoma (14.7%),
      leukemia (11.8%), malignant melanoma (8.8%), carcinoma of breast (7.4%) and of
      kidney (7.4%). The laterality ratio of the heart was; right: left is 1:2. The
      myocardium was involved in 50 cases, the pericardium, 30 cases and the
      endocardium, 16 cases. 19 cases (27.9%) had symptoms referable to the metastatic
      disease in the heart. None of the patient was correctly diagnosed before death as
      to the metastatic lesion in the heart. 88.2% (60/68) of cases died of general
      metastases, in which 14 succumbed directly from metastatic cancer of the heart.

PMID- 3841508
TI  - [Primary gastric Hodgkin's disease].
AB  - Three cases of primary gastric Hodgkin's disease confirmed by pathology are
      reported. The primary Hodgkin's disease of the stomach has four characteristics;
      The lesions greater than 5 cm in diameter; The lesions extend separately in more
      than 2 areas of the stomach; The lesions appear as ulcers; coexistence of various
      lesions: nodules, ulcers, erosions and thickened mucosal folds. The chief
      treatment for this disease is subtotal gastrectomy Billroth II, followed by
      chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

PMID- 3841509
TI  - [Lymphocyte activation associated with intercellular lipid transport].

PMID- 3841510
TI  - A microcomputer based neurophysiological measurement system.

PMID- 3841512
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the L1 ribosomal protein gene of Xenopus laevis:
      remarkable sequence homology among introns.
AB  - Ribosomal protein L1 is encoded by two genes in Xenopus laevis. The comparison of
      two cDNA sequences shows that the two L1 gene copies (L1a and L1b) have diverged
      in many silent sites and very few substitution sites; moreover a small
      duplication occurred at the very end of the coding region of the L1b gene which
      thus codes for a product five amino acids longer than that coded by L1a.
      Quantitatively the divergence between the two L1 genes confirms that a whole
      genome duplication took place in Xenopus laevis approximately 30 million years
      ago. A genomic fragment containing one of the two L1 gene copies (L1a), with its
      nine introns and flanking regions, has been completely sequenced. The 5' end of
      this gene has been mapped within a 20-pyridimine stretch as already found for
      other vertebrate ribosomal protein genes. Four of the nine introns have a 60
      nucleotide sequence with 80% homology; within this region some boxes, one of
      which is 16 nucleotides long, are 100% homologous among the four introns. This
      feature of L1a gene introns is interesting since we have previously shown that
      the activity of this gene is regulated at a post-transcriptional level and it
      involves the block of the normal splicing of some intron sequences.

PMID- 3841513
TI  - C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A levels in rickettsial spotted fever.

PMID- 3841511
TI  - Identification of a set of genes expressed during the G0/G1 transition of
      cultured mouse cells.
AB  - To identify previously undetected genes that may be involved in the transition
      from a resting state (G0) to a proliferative state (G1) of mammalian cells, we
      set out to isolate cDNA clones derived from mRNAs that appear in serum-stimulated
      cells in the absence of protein synthesis. A lambda cDNA library was prepared
      using poly(A)+ RNA from BALB/c 3T3 cells that had been brought to quiescence and
      subsequently stimulated with serum in the presence of cycloheximide.
      Approximately 50 000 recombinant phage plaques were screened, and 357 clones were
      isolated that hybridized to probes derived from stimulated-cell RNA but not to
      probes from resting-cell RNA. Cross hybridization analysis showed that four RNA
      sequence families account for approximately 90% of these clones. One of the
      clones hybridized to an actin probe; none hybridized to any of 13 oncogene probes
      tested. Five different RNAs that appear to be previously uncharacterized have
      been further analyzed. These RNAs accumulate and decay rapidly following
      stimulation by serum or purified growth factors, or by a tumor promoter, and they
      are superinduced by serum in the presence of cycloheximide. Three of the RNAs
      could be enriched by hybridization to cDNAs and translated in vitro, yielding
      proteins of approximately 43, 40 and 35 kd, respectively.

PMID- 3841515
TI  - Positive effect of bromocriptine treatment in Graves disease orbitopathy.
AB  - A successful bromocriptine treatment in Graves' disease orbitopathy was
      described. The mechanism of the positive effect of bromocriptine treatment in
      Graves' disease orbitopathy does not seem to be clear. Bromocriptine could
      influence orbitopathy in two ways: by lowering TSH secretion and by suppression
      of immunocompetent cells.

PMID- 3841514
TI  - Intrathecal morphine slows gastrointestinal transit in rats.
AB  - Intrathecal (i.th.) (by direct lumbar puncture) and intraperitoneal (i.p.)
      administration of morphine (30-100 micrograms/rat) caused a dose-related
      inhibition of gastrointestinal transit in the rat. Pretreatment with i.th.
      naloxone (5 micrograms at -5 min) reversed the effects of i.th., but not i.p.,
      morphine. These results suggest that the spinal cord appears to be a target site
      for the inhibitory effects of morphine on gastrointestinal transit in the rat.

PMID- 3841516
TI  - Effect of calcium loading test on calcitonin and katacalcin levels before and
      after surgical removal of the ovaries.
AB  - Since the role of gonadal steroids and their interrelation with calcium
      regulating hormones is not clear, we performed a prospective study to investigate
      the effects of gonadectomy on the calcitonin (CT)/katacalcin (KT) system using 1
      minute calcium infusion as a provocative test. Seventeen women aged 26-51 years
      awaiting abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy were included in the
      study and the same protocol was repeated 14 days after surgery. CT and KT
      concentrations were determined radioimmunologically after reverse phase
      extraction of serum, thus predominantly measuring monomeric CT and KT. The same
      protocol was repeated 14 days after surgery. Removal of the gonads in
      reproductive age did not alter basal or peak CT levels (9.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 8.9 +/-
      0.7 ng/l and 13.4 +/- 1.6 vs. 12.7 +/- 1.2 ng/l) or KT levels (3.2 +/- 1.8 vs.
      3.9 +/- 2.2 ng/l basal and 4.1 +/- 2.6 vs. 5.4 +/- 2.8 ng/l peak). Although not
      statistically different at any individual point, the shapes of the curves were
      significantly altered after surgery, indicating changes in the metabolism of CT
      and KT. These results support the hypothesis that CT and possibly KT play a role
      in the change of calcium metabolism coinciding with the oestrogen withdrawal at
      the menopause.

PMID- 3841517
TI  - Effect of age on rat liver heme and drug metabolism.
AB  - Old (24-months) rats have lower activities of hepatic delta-aminolevulinic
      synthase and the microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activities-
      aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase--as compared to young (2
      months) animals. In contrast, the activity of the heme degradative enzyme, heme
      oxygenase, is higher in the old rats. Cytochrome P-450 and microsomal heme
      contents were maintained in the old. When inducibility and inhibition of these
      enzymes were studied, the old rats responded to the same degree as the young.
      These results indicate that the ability of the heme synthetic and degradative
      enzymes to respond to decreasing cellular heme levels is not significantly
      altered with age. The observations that there is a lower baseline activity of ALA
      synthase and good maintenance of microsomal heme and cytochrome P-450 content, in
      spite of elevated heme oxygenase activity in the old, suggest that, at least in
      the senescent rat, hepatic heme utilization and degradation are only loosely
      coupled to heme production. It appears, therefore, that alternate sources of heme
      for cytochrome P-450 are available in the old animals. Furthermore, it is
      suggested that the old rat has a baseline change in ALA-synthase, heme oxygenase,
      and cytochrome P-450 that may be overcome under the appropriate conditions.

PMID- 3841518
TI  - Pulmonary surfactant: its isolation, characterization and function.

PMID- 3841519
TI  - Physicochemical properties of surfactant lipids.

PMID- 3841520
TI  - Surfactant changes in experimentally induced disease.

PMID- 3841521
TI  - Isolated alveolar type II cells: a model for studies on the formation of
      surfactant dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine.

PMID- 3841522
TI  - Respiratory distress syndrome and its treatment with surfactant.

PMID- 3841523
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone for mouse pro alpha 1(I) collagen protein.
AB  - A cDNA clone for mouse pro alpha 1(I) collagen has been isolated and sequenced. A
      1.8-kb PstI fragment spans nucleotides -1991 to -159 of the alpha-domain of mouse
      pro alpha 1(I) collagen.

PMID- 3841524
TI  - [Hashimoto's thyroiditis in systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3841525
TI  - [Prototype of a program-controlled video campimeter].

PMID- 3841527
TI  - How to computerize your practice.

PMID- 3841526
TI  - [Video specular microscopy and automatic morphometry of the corneal endothelium
      following extracapsular cataract extraction].

PMID- 3841528
TI  - Iowa receives major grant for cochlear implant study.

PMID- 3841529
TI  - Chlamydia trachomatis.

PMID- 3841530
TI  - Is abnormal mRNA processing responsible for the low percentage of variants at
      residue 27 of the human alpha chain?

PMID- 3841531
TI  - Hb A2 Yokoshima, alpha(2)delta(2)25(B7)Gly----Asp, a new delta chain variant
      found in a Japanese family.

PMID- 3841532
TI  - A comparison of the nutrient intake of some Scotsmen with dietary
      recommendations.
AB  - During 1980 and 1982, 164 men aged 45-54 in North Edinburgh and West Fife
      participated in a 7-day individual weighed dietary survey. The mean energy intake
      was 11.2 MJ (2700 kcal), 38.1 per cent of which came from fat and 6.7 per cent
      from alcohol. The P:S ratio was 0.30 and the mean daily fibre intake 19.8 g.
      Saturated fatty acids accounted for 16.3 per cent of the energy and
      polyunsaturated fatty acid for 4.6 per cent. Oleic acid was the principal dietary
      fatty acid accounting for 32.4 per cent of fatty acids. The major polyunsaturated
      fatty acid was linoleic acid and contributed 3.5 per cent of energy. Cereal and
      cereal products were the principal source (30.8 per cent) of linoleic acid.
      Though this study was conducted prior to the publication of recent dietary
      recommendations, a small proportion of the men were achieving some of them but
      few would have met the recommendations in full.

PMID- 3841533
TI  - Asperlicin, a novel non-peptidal cholecystokinin antagonist from Aspergillus
      alliaceus. Structure elucidation.
AB  - Asperlicin (1, C31H29N5O4) is a novel cholecystokinin antagonist produced by
      Aspergillus alliaceus. The structure of asperlicin has been determined by NMR and
      mass spectral analysis, and X-ray crystallography.

PMID- 3841534
TI  - Abierixin, a new polyether antibiotic. Production, structural determination and
      biological activities.
AB  - A new polyether antibiotic, abierixin, was found in the mycelium of a culture
      broth of nigericin-producing Streptomyces albus NRRL B-1865. Abierixin was
      extracted with organic solvents and purified by column chromatography and HPLC.
      The structure of abierixin was determined by FAB/MS/MS and CI/MS/MS and 1H and
      13C NMR spectrometries. Abierixin exhibited weak antimicrobial and ionophorous
      activities, low toxicity but good anticoccidial activity. Nigericin biosynthesis
      from abierixin is discussed.

PMID- 3841535
TI  - Isolation and characterization of terpentecin, a new antitumor antibiotic.
AB  - A new antitumor antibiotic, terpentecin was isolated from the culture broth of
      strain MF730-N6. Strain MF730-N6, isolated from soil, was found to belong to the
      genus Kitasatosporia. The antibiotic was extracted with chloroform, purified by
      column chromatography using silica gel and Diaion HP-20 successively, and finally
      purified by high performance reverse-phase thin layer chromatography. The
      molecular formula of terpentecin was determined to be C20H28O6 (molecular weight,
      364). The antibiotic inhibited the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative
      bacteria, and prolonged the survival period of mice bearing leukemia L-1210, P388
      and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.

PMID- 3841536
TI  - Structures of trienomycins A, B and C, novel cytocidal ansamycin antibiotics.
AB  - The structures of novel antibiotics, trienomycins A, B and C produced by
      Streptomyces sp. No. 83-16, have been determined on the basis of their
      spectroscopical and chemical properties. Trienomycins are unique ansamycin
      antibiotics with a triene and an 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzene moieties in the
      molecule. The antibiotics possess potent cytocidal activity against HeLa S3 cells
      at concentrations of 0.005 (trienomycin A), 0.1 (trienomycin C) and 0.2
      micrograms/ml (trienomycin B) (IC50 value), respectively. However, trienomycins
      showed no antimicrobial activity against the bacteria, fungi and yeasts examined
      with the exception of weak activity versus Piricularia oryzae at a concentration
      of 1,000 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 3841537
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of (7S)-O-epoxyalkyl derivatives of
      daunomycinone.
AB  - Synthesis and antibacterial activity of a number of 7-O-epoxyalkyl derivatives of
      daunomycinone prepared from 7-O-alkenyl derivatives of daunomycinone are
      described along with their inhibitory effect on leukemia P 388 cells.

PMID- 3841538
TI  - Rustmicin, a new macrolide antibiotic active against wheat stem rust fungus.

PMID- 3841539
TI  - Neorustmicin A, a new macrolide antibiotic active against wheat stem rust fungus.

PMID- 3841540
TI  - The structure of a new antibiotic, terpentecin.

PMID- 3841541
TI  - In vitro mutagenesis of infectious viroid cDNA clone.
AB  - Previously we constructed an infectious hop stunt viroid (HSV) cDNA clone, PHS
      P2P, which carries two copies of full-length HSV cDNA tandemly and generates HSV
      RNA when it is inoculated into cucumber plants. The in vitro transcript of the
      cDNA clone was also infectious. To investigate the essential regions for
      infectivity of HSV, we introduced a short deletion or insertion into the HSV
      sequence of pHS-P2P using restriction sites (XhoI site for pHI-X1, PvuI site for
      pHI-P1, and BamHI site for pHI-B1) and assayed the infectivities of these
      mutagenized clones. None of these mutagenized clones and their transcripts were
      infectious under the conditions used. Simultaneous inoculation of two or three of
      non-infectious mutagenized clones or the transcripts from them did not restore
      the infectivity.

PMID- 3841542
TI  - Specific inhibition of urease by N-acylphosphoric triamides.
AB  - Benzoyl- and isopentenoyl phosphoric triamides (BPA and IPA) strongly inhibited
      urease activities from jack bean, soybean, watermelon seed, Proteus mirabilis, P.
      rettgeri, P. vulgaris, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Their
      I50 values (the final concentration causing 50% inhibition), independent of
      enzyme source, were 2-21 nM, which are about 1,000-fold lower than that of
      caprylohydroxamic acid, one of the most potent urease inhibitors. ATP-urea
      amidolyase activity was inhibited 50% by BPA at a higher concentration of 0.28
      mM, but was not affected by IPA even at 1.3 mM. Thirteen kinds of hydrolases
      (trypsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, leucine aminopeptidase, papain, lipase,
      alpha-amylase, glucuronidase, asparaginase, arylsulfatase, alkaline phosphatase,
      acid phosphatase, and true cholinesterase), two oxidoreductases (catalase and
      alcohol dehydrogenase), three transferases (glutamic-oxaloacetic
      aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and arylsulfotransferase) and
      two kinases (pyruvate kinase and creatine kinase) were not affected at all even
      at 1 mM BPA and IPA. Exceptionally, pseudo-cholinesterase from human serum was
      inhibited by BPA and IPA, whose I50 values were 70 nM and 10 muM, respectively,
      using acetylthiocholine as a substrate. These values increased to 0.55 muM and 54
      muM, respectively, when acetylcholine was used as a substrate. These results show
      that N-acylphosphoric triamides potently and specifically inhibit urease activity
      at concentrations of nM order.

PMID- 3841543
TI  - Cell hybridization and cell agglutination. I. Enhancement of cell hybridization
      by lectins.
AB  - A great increase in hybridization frequency of cultured rodent cells was obtained
      when conventional cell fusion using 50% polyethylene glycol (PEG) was combined
      with a cell agglutination produced by plant lectins. The rate of appearance of
      hybrid colonies was found to be correlated with the extent of cell agglutination
      by lectin, as well as with cell fusion induced by subsequent PEG treatment.
      Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), wheat germ agglutinin, Wistaria floribunda agglutinin
      and concanavalin A were all active; the most effective was PHA. When parental
      cells in a monolayer were treated with PHA followed by PEG, the resulting
      hybridization frequency was very low because of markedly decreased viability,
      whereas the same cells in suspension yielded hybrid colonies at a higher rate.
      These results suggest that the enhancement of hybridization by PHA/PEG treatment
      was brought about by the ability of lectin to agglutinate cells.

PMID- 3841544
TI  - Aftercataracts.
AB  - A Soemmering ring cataract with opacified lens capsule is presented as a
      representative case report of aftercataract occurring secondary to perforating
      trauma of the anterior lens capsule. The various types and causes of
      aftercataracts are discussed as well as their management.

PMID- 3841545
TI  - [Phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid. Value of rapid determination using an
      immunologic technic].
AB  - We have studied 55 samples of amniotic fluid taken by amniocentesis from 32
      women, most of whom had arterial hypertension, with or without intra-uterine
      growth retardation; with or without uncertainty as to their dates. Fetal
      pulmonary maturity was estimated by determining the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S)
      ratio and the levels of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in 55 samples. The semi
      quantitative levels of PG were worked out using a simple and rapid immunological
      method. Our results show that there is a good correlation between the two tests.
      The level of PG is, however, more specific than the L/S ratio, for which we found
      some false negatives. In particular, there were 7 samples looked at 48 hours
      before delivery which showed an L/S ratio lower than 2 and a PG at or above 2
      micrograms/ml. None of these 7 had hyaline membrane disease. Furthermore the
      simplicity and speed of this test make it possible to use it routinely.

PMID- 3841546
TI  - Lectin binding sites and anionic components related to differentiation in the
      prenatal rat cerebral cortex.
AB  - The location of lectin binding sites and of anionic components was studied in the
      embryonic rat cerebral cortex after the formation of the cortical plate at
      embryonic day 18. The cortical layers advanced in differentiation, i.e. the sub
      plate region and the marginal zone, showed a predominant staining with peroxidase
      conjugates of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), and after
      immunocytochemical detection of PNA binding sites. This pattern was obtained also
      with the colloidal iron hydroxide staining method. In contrast to this, the
      binding of concanavalin A and of succinylated WGA did not reveal a prevalent
      staining of the sub-plate region and the marginal zone. The further histochemical
      analysis of the substances responsible for the selective staining of these layers
      was performed by lipid extractions and by enzymatic treatment of the tissue
      sections with trypsin, hyaluronidase or neuraminidase prior to the binding of
      lectins or colloidal iron. The results obtained indicated high concentrations of
      sialylated galactosylglycoproteins in coexistence with glycosaminoglycans.
      Electron microscopy was performed with peroxidase conjugates of WGA and PNA.
      Binding sites of both of the lectins in the sub-plate region and in the marginal
      zone were located mainly at cell surfaces of the different cellular structures.
      The most intensive binding of WGA and PNA was detected at the surface membranes
      and at intracellular material of amoeboid microglial cells and astrocyte-like
      cell processes. It can be concluded that in distinct brain areas during early
      differentiation specific glycoproteins in coexistence with glycosaminoglycans are
      situated at, or associated with cell surfaces in high concentrations. The
      identical histochemical features previously described in mesenchymal tissues
      suggest that these glycoconjugates might be related to common morphogenetic
      processes in which non-neuronal cells of brain and body are specifically
      involved.

PMID- 3841547
TI  - Pen and field trials of a new anticoagulant rodenticide flocoumafen against the
      house mouse (Mus musculus L.).
AB  - The efficacy of flocoumafen, a novel anticoagulant rodenticide, was evaluated in
      feeding tests on confined and free-living populations of house mice (Mus musculus
      L.). In four pen trials, family groups of laboratory-reared wild mice were
      conditioned to feeding on plain foods and then offered flocoumafen at 0.005% in
      pinhead oatmeal bait. All 68 mice, comprising juvenile and adult animals, died
      within 10 days. Ten field trials were carried out, using the same formulated
      poison bait, against mice infesting farm buildings. Mean treatment success,
      estimated from live-capture and mortality data, ranged between 87.1 and 100%. The
      performance of flocoumafen is compared with that of difenacoum, bromadiolone and
      brodifacoum used at the same concentration in oatmeal bait. Flocoumafen gave an
      equally effective but quicker kill of mice. It is concluded that flocoumafen is a
      promising new rodenticide for the control of M. musculus.

PMID- 3841548
TI  - The computer as a tool in the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral vascular
      disease.
AB  - The application of a mini computer to a routine diagnostic vascular laboratory
      has been assessed in over 4,500 patients over a period of 5 years. The laboratory
      functions to provide diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease. The computer
      functions are: scientific, in which it is used for modelling the arterial system
      and for applying diagnostic algorithms using haemodynamic signals re-input data,
      data base management, in which it is used to store clinical histories, the
      results of haemodynamic tests, and data for reconstructive surgery, and
      administrative, in which it is used for laboratory booking, report generation and
      management and workload statistics.

PMID- 3841549
TI  - [Simple hysterectomy for stage Ia carcinoma of the uterine cervix].

PMID- 3841550
TI  - [Thyrotoxicosis preceded by hypothyroidism in a case of chronic thyroiditis with
      Graves' ophthalmopathy].

PMID- 3841551
TI  - ARMIS: a microcomputer-based hospital risk management information system.
AB  - Information processing is a major element of hospital risk management programs. A
      microcomputer-based information system has been designed and implemented in a
      medium-size university hospital. The design principles and the functional
      capabilities of the system are described here, followed by an evaluation based on
      the first year of operation.

PMID- 3841552
TI  - A microcomputer program for record keeping in the pharmacy of King Fahad
      Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
AB  - Computers in general and microcomputers in particular are playing an important
      role in the management of hospitals in most of the developed countries of the
      world. The authors have undertaken a project on similar lines in King Fahad
      Hospital, Jeddah. Here, they describe the details of an on-line microcomputer
      program developed for recording inventory data in the pharmacy of this hospital.

PMID- 3841553
TI  - Multiprocessing computer system for sensory evoked potentials and EEG spectral
      analysis for clinical neurophysiology laboratory.
AB  - A general-purpose minicomputer has been adapted and interfaced for the averaging
      and analysis of clinical evoked potentials and for compressed spectral arrays
      (CSA) of the routine EEG. In the first 2 years of operation, over 1,000 routine
      clinical studies of visual evoked potentials (VEP) and brainstem auditory evoked
      potentials (BAEP) have been performed with it, as well as over 100 CSAs and a
      variety of special and research studies. The CSA modality gives comparative
      frequency-domain pictures of left and right hemisphere power. An attached
      graphics terminal gives a live cumulative display of the EP and CSA. In addition,
      the system has automated and comprehensive physician-interactive graphics
      analysis and report generation capabilities. The reports are finalized versions
      used in the patient's chart, minimizing clerical efforts.

PMID- 3841554
TI  - [The practice of feto-pathological examination in 5 countries of the European
      Common Market].
AB  - The authors present legal, ethic, socio-cultural aspects of foeto-pathology as
      they are actually observed in five nations of the European Community (Belgium,
      Spain, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands). They underline the efforts that have to
      be made to develop foeto-pathology in their countries.

PMID- 3841555
TI  - Chemistry of acronycine, XI. Rearrangement of dihydronoracronycine to
      dihydroisonoracronycine-mechanistic studies.
AB  - The rearrangement of dihydronoracronycine (3) to dihydroisonoracronycine (4)
      proceeds by way of an intermolecular reaction rather than an intramolecular
      reaction as had originally been supposed. Deuterium-labeling studies showed the
      incorporation of deuterium at C3, C12, and the geminal methyl positions of
      dihydroisonoracronycine (4). Because no reaction occurred when the bisnor
      derivative was treated in the same manner as 3, it appears that the chromene
      geminal methyl groups are important for the rearrangement to occur.

PMID- 3841556
TI  - Antitumor agents, 75. Synthesis of cytotoxic anthraquinones digiferruginol and
      morindaparvin-B.
AB  - A simple and efficient synthesis of digiferruginol (4) and morindaparvin-B (10)
      is described. Marschalk reaction of 1-hydroxyanthraquinone afforded 1-hydroxy-2
      methylanthraquinone (2). Treatment of 2 with N-bromosuccinimide and benzoyl
      peroxide led to 1-hydroxy-2-bromomethylanthraquinone (3), which was converted to
      4 with AgNO3 in quantitative yield. Methylation of 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone
      yielded a dimethyl ether (6), which was partially demethylated with boron
      trifluoride to a difluoroboron chelate (7). Treatment of 7 with alkaline HCHO and
      sodium dithionate gave rise to 1-hydroxy-2-hydroxy-methyl-5-methoxyanthraquinone
      (9). Cleavage of the 5-methyl ether of 9 with boron tribromide furnished 10.

PMID- 3841558
TI  - Treatment of chronic cancer pain by means of continuous intrathecal low dose
      morphine administration with a totally implantable subcutaneous pump. Case
      report.
AB  - A 59 year old man suffering from intractable chronic pain from sacral coccygeal
      relapsing neoplasia with pelvic invasion, operated and irradiated more than once,
      after a first partial success with subarachnoid intermittent morphine infusion by
      means of a subcutaneous reservoir, refilled transcutaneously, has been treated
      with continuous intrathecal low-dose morphine infusion with a totally implantable
      pump. This device not only greatly resolves many of the problems connected to
      spinal administration of morphine, but it also allows to obtain constant
      concentrations of the drug, so that an efficacious therapeutic action is already
      present at low doses, reducing the risks of overdose and supraspinal
      redistribution as well as the development of tolerance. This case represents the
      first example in Italy of the use of a completely implantable pump for this
      purpose.

PMID- 3841557
TI  - Antitumor agents, 74. Bruceanol-A and -B, two new antileukemic quassinoids from
      Brucea antidysenterica.

PMID- 3841559
TI  - Joint vendor/user aspects of retrofitting equipment for automatic control.

PMID- 3841561
TI  - Xanthoma disseminatum.

PMID- 3841560
TI  - Enzymatic reduction of sennidin and sennoside in Peptostreptococcus intermedius.
AB  - Peptostreptococcus intermedius, one of the dominant bacteria of human intestine,
      reduced sennidin and sennoside to rheinanthrone and 8-glucosyl-rheinanthrone,
      respectively, and these reduction rates were stimulated by the addition of
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form) (NADH), flavin adenine
      dinucleotide (FAD) and glucose. The reduction was accelerated by removing oxygen
      from the incubation tubes, which indicates the inhibition of the reduction by O2.
      Thus, for the maximal activity, the reaction system required an anaerobic
      condition and cofactors, NADH and FAD. This bacterium also reduced methyl orange,
      whose mode of reduction resembled that of sennidin reduction. More than 80% of
      these activities were recovered in the supernatant fraction after sonication of
      the bacterial suspension, and these activities were purified together by means of
      Sephadex G-200 gel-filtration and diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column
      chromatography. The purified enzyme reduced FAD and benzyl viologen in the
      presence of NADH under an anaerobic condition.

PMID- 3841562
TI  - [The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease].
AB  - Twenty-two patients with Hodgkin's disease were treated at Kanazawa University
      between 1975 and 1982. Patients in stage I or II were treated with radiotherapy.
      Those in stage III or IV underwent combination chemotherapy (MOPP) with or
      without radiotherapy. Twenty patients have achieved a complete remission (90.9%).
      The 10-year survival rate of all patients is 90%: 100% for patients in stage I or
      II and 73% for patients in stage III or IV. Thus, radiotherapy can be recommended
      as a primary treatment for patients in stage I or II while MOPP with radiotherapy
      could be effective for those in stage III or IV.

PMID- 3841563
TI  - [A case of distal renal tubular acidosis associated with Sjogren's syndrome,
      Hashimoto's thyroiditis and chronic hepatitis].

PMID- 3841564
TI  - [Effect of neuropeptide Y on the sympathetic neuromuscular junction of the
      lymphatic venule wall].

PMID- 3841565
TI  - [Role of endogenous acetylcholine on the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle
      of the guinea pig vas deferens].

PMID- 3841566
TI  - [The software pacemaker--an ever-needed stimulator].

PMID- 3841567
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of molsidomine in patients with cardiac insufficiency at
      high altitudes].
AB  - Central hemodynamic effects of 0.05 mg/kg molsidomine were examined in 60
      patients with decompensated mitral disease dwelling at low and medium altitudes.
      M-echocardiography was used to assess hemodynamic shifts. The assessments were
      made during the diagnostic probing of a pulmonary artery in 23 cases. Hemodynamic
      efficacy of molsidomine was more pronounced up in the mountains. Rationale are
      given for expanding indications for peripheral vasodilators (molsidomine) in
      highlanders with congestive heart failure.

PMID- 3841568
TI  - [Recent injuries of the cartilage of the knee joint].

PMID- 3841569
TI  - [Extent of thyroid resection in diffuse toxic goiter in relation to its macro-
      and microstructure].

PMID- 3841570
TI  - [Effect of various types of bronchial asthma therapy on the surfactant content of
      the lungs].

PMID- 3841571
TI  - [Results of treating relapses of diffuse toxic goiter with radioactive iodine].

PMID- 3841572
TI  - Inhibition of steroidogenic cytochrome P-450 enzymes in rat testis by
      ketoconazole and related imidazole anti-fungal drugs.
AB  - Ketoconazole, an imidazole antifungal drug, has previously been shown to diminish
      testosterone and cortisol production in patients as well as rat and mouse cells
      in vitro. Inhibition of adrenal mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 enzymes was
      demonstrated. In this study we tested several imidazole antifungal drugs and
      examined the individual steps in testicular steroidogenesis to determine which
      enzymes in the androgen pathway were blocked. In addition, we studied 25
      hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity in cultured pig kidney cells (LLC-PK1)
      to assess a mitochondrial P-450 enzyme in another organ. All imidazoles tested
      inhibited both total testosterone production and 24-hydroxylase activity but the
      relative potencies differed. We next studied the individual testicular enzymatic
      steps between cholesterol and testosterone. Ketoconazole inhibited cholesterol
      side-chain-cleavage enzyme (mitochondrial) and C-17,20 lyase (microsomal). The
      three inhibited enzymes (two testicular and one renal) are all P-450 cytochromes.
      Testicular 17-hydroxylase, also a P-450 cytochrome, was not inhibited even at
      high doses of ketoconazole. This is an interesting finding because the testicular
      hydroxylase and lyase have been shown to be a single protein. Non-cytochrome P
      450 enzymes in the androgen pathway were not inhibited. The results demonstrate
      that several imidazole antifungal drugs all inhibit both microsomal and
      mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 enzymes in multiple organs.

PMID- 3841573
TI  - Effect of ketoconazole and miconazole on 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolism by
      cultured chick kidney cells.
AB  - The antifungal imidazoles, ketoconazole and miconazole, were tested for effects
      on 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolism in primary cultures of chick kidney cells.
      Both behave as competitive inhibitors of 1-hydroxylation of 25-OH-D3 with
      approximate Ki's of 0.8 and 5.0 microM for ketoconazole and miconazole,
      respectively. Ketoconazole was as effective when added at the same time as the
      substrate as when the cells were preincubated with the compound. Ketoconazole
      also inhibited the production of 24,25(OH)2D3 in cells in which this activity was
      induced by 1,24(OH)2D3. The data suggest that therapeutic doses of these
      antifungal imidazoles could affect vitamin D status and calcium metabolism.

PMID- 3841574
TI  - Rationale for combining chemotherapy and hormonal therapy in breast cancer.
AB  - Both chemotherapeutic agents and hormones are effective in breast cancer
      treatment. Their mechanism of action seems to be conflicting: while cytotoxic
      drugs are active on cycling cells, hormones prolong the G0 phase. Therefore, the
      concurrent use of hormones and chemotherapy could decrease their expected
      clinical activity. On the contrary, a review of the literature suggests that
      there could be some synergistic action with combined therapy. The problem is
      therefore to assess the efficacy of simultaneous vs sequential administration of
      hormones and chemotherapy. In advanced disease the general conclusion could be
      that simultaneous administration of combined therapy: increases, although the
      difference is not statistically significant, the response rate both in pre and
      postmenopausal patients; and the most important end point, total survival, is not
      statistically improved by simultaneous vs sequential administration. In addition,
      in the adjuvant setting combined treatment appears superior to chemotherapy only
      in postmenopausal, receptor-positive patients. No definite conclusion is today
      available in premenopause.

PMID- 3841575
TI  - Ion selective microelectrodes: computer-controlled calibration, plotting, and
      data analysis.
AB  - Calibration of ion-selective microelectrodes involves delivering and measuring
      the potential of several different solutions both before and after intracellular
      measurement. A microprocessor-controlled system is described which completely
      automates that tedious process. The microcomputer controls the delivery of the
      calibration solutions and prints out the calibration value along with the
      solution number. A second program plots the calibration curve using a modified
      Nicholsky equation and a third program converts intracellular ion signals into
      ion concentration. Specific examples based on Ca-selective microelectrodes are
      shown.

PMID- 3841576
TI  - Pulmonary surfactant lipid synthesis from ketone bodies, lactate and glucose in
      newborn rats.
AB  - The contribution of acetoacetate (AcAc), beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta OHB), lactate
      and glucose to pulmonary surfactant lipid synthesis in three- to five-day-old
      rats was measured. Minced lung tissue was incubated with 3H2O and [3-14C]AcAc, [3
      14C]beta OHB, [U-14C]lactate or [U-14C]glucose, and the radioactivity
      incorporated into surfactant lipids was measured. When expressed as nmol of
      substrate incorporated/g lung tissue per four hr, lactate was incorporated more
      rapidly than other substrates into total surfactant lipids and
      phosphatidylcholine (PC). There was no difference in the rates of incorporation
      of lactate, AcAc or glucose into disaturated PC (DSPC). Substrates other than
      glucose were incorporated almost exclusively into fatty acids, whereas 60-80% of
      glucose incorporated into surfactant phospholipids was found in fatty acids, with
      the remaining in glyceride-glycerol. When expressed as nmol acetyl units
      incorporated/g lung tissue per four hr, the rates of AcAc, lactate and glucose
      incorporation into total surfactant fatty acids were comparable. Glucose
      incorporation into DSPC and PC was greater than that of AcAc and lactate. When
      glucose was the only exogenous substrate added to the incubation medium, it
      contributed 37% of total surfactant fatty acids synthesized de novo. In the
      presence of other substrates, the contribution of glucose to de novo fatty acid
      synthesis dropped to 14-20%. In the presence of unlabeled glucose, 14C-labeled
      AcAc, lactate and beta OHB contributed 52%, 40% and 19%, respectively, of the
      total fatty acids synthesized de novo. The rate of beta OHB incorporation into
      surfactant lipids was only about 50% that of other substrates and was accompanied
      by low activity of beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase measured for newborn
      lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3841577
TI  - Potential antineoplastic dihydroxy- fatty acids.
AB  - The fatty acid aglycones of two naturally occurring glycosides, one of which is
      reported to possess antitumor activity, were synthesized for biological
      evaluation. The preparation of 3,11-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid and 3,12
      dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid started with the monoethyl esters of nonanedioic acid
      and decanedioic acid, respectively, and proceeded through the corresponding C14
      ketoesters, ketalesters, and ketalaldehydes and C16 ketalhydroxyesters and
      dihydroxyesters. Various products and intermediates were found to have no
      inhibitory action in the P388 lymphocytic leukemia screen. A rearrangement of the
      ethylene glycol ketal-protecting group from the initially protected ketone group
      to a newly formed aldehyde moiety was observed.

PMID- 3841578
TI  - Use of cytoprotective agents in the treatment of gastric ulcers.

PMID- 3841580
TI  - Cytoprotective agents and ulcer relapse.
AB  - This study establishes that real differences between relapse rates exist, and
      confirmed previous observations by Pounder et al. that relapse rates influence
      clinical outcomes in ulcer populations.8 The results make it clear that the way
      in which a drug influences relapse is an important determinant of therapeutic
      efficiency, additional to the requirement for healing efficiency. Cytoprotective
      agents as a group appear to be associated with lower relapse rates than
      cimetidine. It si not known whether the differences are peculiar to cimetidine,
      specific to the blockade of H2-histamine receptors, or whether they relate to the
      process of inhibition of secretory processes generally, further comparisons are
      needed; however, conventional, clinical trials are not designed to provide the
      necessary information. For the healing of peptic ulcers, lower relapse rates
      appear to provide therapeutic advantage to members of the cytoprotective group
      when compared with agents acting via anti-secretory mechanisms, in addition to
      that associated with the local (non-systemic) mode of action where applicable.

PMID- 3841579
TI  - Mucosal protective agents in the long-term management of gastric ulcer.

PMID- 3841581
TI  - [The effect of hypoxic hypothermia on pregnancy and fetal development in rats].

PMID- 3841582
TI  - [Use of sucralfate (Ulcar) as phosphorus chelator in hemodialysis patients:
      preliminary results].

PMID- 3841583
TI  - [Association of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and mitral valve stenosis in
      pregnancy].

PMID- 3841584
TI  - [Do puberal retardations and menstruation disorders really exist in professional
      dancers?].

PMID- 3841585
TI  - Preliminary study of cognitive retraining via computer-based activities.

PMID- 3841586
TI  - [Radiosensitizing effect of new hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, RK-28 on
      experimental animal normal tissue and Ehrlich tumor].

PMID- 3841588
TI  - Arthroscopic medial meniscectomy. Operative techniques and problems.
AB  - There is no specific best technique for arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy.
      Efforts should be made to assure removal of all mechanically significant or
      nonfunctional tissue with minimal surgical trauma. Instrument selection should be
      based on the surgeon's preference and the condition of the tissue to be excised.
      Intraoperative and postoperative problems are usually avoidable if anticipated.
      With appropriate attention to detail and adherence to traditional sound surgical
      principles, arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy can be a successful and
      satisfying procedure.

PMID- 3841587
TI  - [20 years (1960-1980) of bacterial meningitis in childhood. II. Therapy and
      diagnosis].
AB  - In this article we review the global therapy for purulent meningitis in childhood
      and present personal data derived from a twenty year survey study (1960 to 1980).
      We recommend the prompt use of adequate antibiotics at correct doses largely
      following the intravenous pathway in order to achieve active antimicrobial levels
      in the cerebrospinal fluid. On the basis of our experience we favour a more large
      use of either systemic chloramphenicol or intrathecal even in the neonatal
      period. Moreover, we think glucose infusions should be employed with great
      caution due to worsening of metabolism (lactate accumulation) and perfusion in
      the cerebral tissue.

PMID- 3841589
TI  - Three dimensional imaging of bone from analysis of computed tomography data.
AB  - A computer system was developed to reconstruct three dimensional images of bone
      from analysis of computed tomography data. Images of bone can be made within
      minutes and rotated for viewing from any direction. An editing process allows
      visualization of the articular surfaces of any joint. Solid models of the bone
      images can be produced with an accuracy of 1 mm to 3 mm by interfacing the image
      data with a computer numerically controlled milling machine. This technology will
      provide better information to the surgeon for preoperative diagnosis and planning
      and for the design of customized implants.

PMID- 3841590
TI  - Case 7. Progressive respiratory distress in an infant.

PMID- 3841591
TI  - Eimeria meleagrimitis sporozoites: effect of lectins on invasion of cultured
      cells.
AB  - Exposure of primary turkey kidney cell cultures to 100 micrograms/ml wheat germ
      agglutinin (WGA), a lectin that binds N-acetylglucosamine (NAcGl), significantly
      inhibited invasion of the cells by Eimeria meleagrimitis sporozoites. However,
      neither succinyl-WGA, a lectin that retains an affinity for NAcGl but does not
      bind sialic acid, nor pokeweed mitogen, another lectin that binds NAcGl,
      similarly inhibited invasion. Collectively, the data suggested that the
      inhibition of invasion may be caused primarily by binding of WGA to anionic
      moieties on the host cell surface and not to specific binding to NAcGl. Exposure
      of cells to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, or Ricinus communis lectin, as
      well as with pokeweed mitogen, failed to inhibit invasion by the sporozoites.
      Ultraviolet microscopy, using fluorescein-conjugated lectins, showed that the
      lectins had bound to the surface of the cultured cells. No binding of NAcGl or
      lectins to the surfaces of the sporozoites was demonstrated by either the
      clumping of the parasites in different lectin concentrations or the use of
      fluorescein-conjugated lectins. However, exposure of E. meleagrimitis sporozoites
      to NAcGl increased invasion of untreated cells by 50%.

PMID- 3841592
TI  - Role of intervention surgery in stage III-IV epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

PMID- 3841593
TI  - Preoperative chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer.

PMID- 3841594
TI  - Perioperative chemotherapy for the management of primary local regional
      urothelial tumors.

PMID- 3841595
TI  - [The analysis of the compound X50 in human serum].

PMID- 3841596
TI  - [Pharmaceutical characterization and spectroscopy of Bonnecor (AWD 19-166, GS
      015)].
AB  - To describe the pharmaceutical behaviour of Bonnecor methods and results of
      testing identity, purity, content and stability are presented. Spectroscopical
      analyses are needed for costitutionel examination of the molecule and of some
      possible metabolites.

PMID- 3841597
TI  - [Antiarrhythmic action of 3-carbethoxyamino-5-dimethylaminoacetyl-iminodibenzyl
      hydrochloride (Bonnecor, AWD 19-166, GS -15) on experimental arrhythmia induced
      by aconitin, ouabain, calcium chloride and barium chloride].
AB  - In comparison with detajmium, prajmalium, ajmaline, quinidine, lidocaine,
      disopyramide, propranolol, and Ethmozin the substance GS 015 is tested on the
      aconitin-induced arrhythmia of the rat, the auricular fibrillation by aconitin of
      the dog, the ventricular arrhythmia induced by ouabaine of the dog, the
      arrhythmia caused by calcium chloride of the rat, and the arrhythmia induced by
      barium chloride of the rabbit. The particular qualities of effect in the special
      forms of arrhythmia are discussed in connection with the study of the
      antiarrhythmic action in case of coronary occlusion, with the increase of the
      electric fibrillatory threshold, and with the electrophysiologic tests.

PMID- 3841598
TI  - [Characteristics of the anti-arrhythmic action of 3-carbethoxyamino-5
      dimethylaminoacetyl-imino-dibenzyl hydrochloride (Bonnecor, AWD 19-166, GS 015)].
AB  - The action of GS 015, a substance out of the series of the novel 5-(dialkyl-amino
      acyl)-3-carbalkoxyamino-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b ,f]azepines, on the alteration
      of the bioelectric activity in the sympathetic nerves of the heart in case of
      disturbed cardiac rhythm and ventricular fibrillation was tested on anaesthetized
      cats. The arrhythmias were induced by two different methods: Artificial electric
      induction by high-frequency electrical stimulation of the ventricles, occlusion
      and reperfusion of the anterior descending branch of the arteria coronaria
      sinistra. GS 015 decreases the tonic bioelectric activity in the sympathetic
      nerves of the heart and prevents their activation in case of disturbed rhythm
      which is provoked or by electric stimulation or by occlusion of the coronary
      artery. With an electric stimulation of the ventricles GS 015, given at doses of
      0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg, decreases the maximally reproducible frequency in
      dependence on the dose, which corresponds to an increase of the effective
      refractory period. At the same time the fibrillation threshold of the ventricles
      is enhanced in a very intense and long-lasting manner excelling considerably the
      action of the reference preparations Ethmozin and lidocaine. It may be concluded
      from the present results that the antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory effects of
      GS 015 are basing not only on its immediate action on the myocardial cell but
      also on a decrease of the activity in the sympathetic nerves of the heart.

PMID- 3841599
TI  - [Antifibrillatory and anti-arrhythmic action of 3-carbethoxyamino-5-dimethylamino
      acetyl iminodibenzyl hydrochloride (Bonnecor, AWD 19-166, GS 015) on models of
      myocardial ischemia].
AB  - The intense antifibrillatory and antiarrhythmic actions of GS 015, a derivative
      of the novel structure series of the 5-(beta-aminoacyl)-3-carbalkoxyamino
      iminodibenzyles, are demonstrated on models of myocardial ischaemia:
      antifibrillatory action on the acute coronary occlusion in the conscious rat (1.0
      mg/kg i.v.) and antiarrhythmic action on the two-step coronary ligature in the
      conscious dog according to Harris (2.0 mg/kg i.v. and 5.0 mg/kg orally). On the
      strength of the present results it is discussed that GS 015 is first of all
      suitable for influencing "early arrhythmias" with re-entry mechanism and only in
      the second line for taking an influence on "late arrhythmias" which arise from
      the occurrence of ectopic focuses. The substance seems suitable for preventing
      terminal arrhythmias in patients with ischaemic heart disease as well as for
      treating arrhythmias in the acute stage of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3841600
TI  - Electrophysiological effects of a new antiarrhythmic substance Bonnecor (AWD 19
      166, GS 015) on mammalian myocardium.
AB  - A new antiarrhythmic acting drug (Bonnecor, AWD 19-166, GS 015, 3-
      Carbethoxyamino-5-dimethyl-amino-acetyl-iminodibenzyl -hydrochloride) was tested
      electrophysiologically on isolated sinus node preparations and right ventricular
      papillary muscle of the rabbit. Transmembrane potentials were measured using a
      standard microelectrode technique. The substance was tested within a
      concentration range between 0.1 and 10 mg/l (2.5 X 10(-7) to 2.5 X 10(-5) mol/l).
      AWD 19-166 exerted negative chronotropic effects due to decreasing of the slope
      of the diastolic depolarization in sinus node cells. In ventricular myocardium
      AWD 19-166 increased the threshold strength of stimulation, prolonged the
      duration of action potentials at 90% but shortened it at 25% repolarization. The
      maximum upstroke velocity was found to be depressed. The maximum overshoot
      potential was diminished inspite of a drug-induced hyperpolarization of the
      resting transmembrane potential. Analysis of membrane responsiveness due to
      premature stimulation showed a concentration-dependent delay in the restitution
      of the maximum upstroke velocity of the premature action potentials and both a
      flattening and a shift towards more negative potentials of the potential
      responsiveness relationship. AWD 19-166 decreased both the maximum upstroke
      velocity and the duration of Ca-mediated action potentials in concentrations
      between 2 and 8 mg/l. It is concluded that AWD 19-166 is able to exert potent
      antiarrhythmic effects in influencing both the fast and slow channel activity.

PMID- 3841601
TI  - Inotropic effects of the antiarrhythmic compound Bonnecor (AWD 19-166, GS 015).
AB  - The inotropic effects of the new antiarrhythmic compound AWD 19-166 have been
      studied at constantly driven isolated left atria of guinea pig (weight between
      250 and 350 g). AWD 19-166 exerted dose-dependently negative inotropic effects.
      Half maximum effects were measured at 1.7 mg/l (n = 7). At concentrations higher
      than 5 mg/l the negative inotropic effects were found to be irreversible.

PMID- 3841602
TI  - Electrical effects of the new antiarrhythmic compound Bonnecor (AWD 19-166, GS
      015) under arrhythmogenic conditions.
AB  - Electrical effects of the new antiarrhythmic compound Bonnecor (AWD 19-166, GS
      015) were studied under conditions known to increase the intracellular Ca2+
      activity (extracellular K+-deprivation, application of glycosides). In K+ free
      solutions right ventricular papillary muscles showed an extreme acceleration of
      the initial repolarization indicating an intracellular Ca overload. AWD 19-166
      could not prevent the initial shortening of action potentials and seems to be
      less effective in K+ free than in K+ containing solutions. In partially
      depolarized (22 mmol/lK+) right ventricular papillary muscles oscillatory
      afterdepolarizations were not suppressed by AWD 19-166. However, the compound
      prevented the generation of irregular action potentials triggered by the
      afterdepolarizations.

PMID- 3841603
TI  - [Circulatory action and adverse effects of 3-carbethoxyamino-5-dimethylamino
      acetyl-iminodibenzyl hydrochloride (Bonnecor, AWD 19-166, GS 015) in the dog and
      cat].
AB  - The haemodynamic and cardiac effects of GS 015, a substance of the series of the
      novel 5-(dialkyl-aminoacyl)-3-carbalkoxyamino-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz-[b ,f]
      azepines with very potent antifibrillatory and antiarrhythmic actions, are
      studied on anaesthetized dogs and cats by means of the catheter technique. The
      clinical symptoms and the therapeutic range were tested on conscious animals. On
      the strength of the present results it can be stated that GS 015, given at
      pharmacodynamically effective doses, does not cause any circulatory side effects.
      A negative inotropic effect appears only at increased doses. Like other
      antiarrhythmic drugs, GS 015 possesses a limited therapeutic range which should
      be taken into consideration particularly in case of cardiac insufficiency. But an
      application seems possible also in patients during the acute stage of myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 3841604
TI  - [Clinico-electrophysiologic studies on the action of the anti-arrhythmic
      substance 3-carbethoxyamino-5-dimethylamino-acetyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-
      dibenz[b,f]azepine hydrochloride (Bonnecor, AWD 19-166, GS 015)].
AB  - The effects of the new antiarrhythmic drug 3-carbethoxy-amino-5-dimethyl-amino
      acetyl-iminodibenzyl-hydroc hlorid (Bonnecor) (B.) were investigated by means of
      clinical-electrophysiologic methods (His-bundle electrography, programmed
      electrical stimulation) in 11 patients with normal cardiac output and paroxysmal
      supraventricular tachycardias. In a maximal dosage of 0.24 mg/kg body mass. B.
      affects several compartments of the impulse initiation and conduction. B. has
      positive chronotropic actions on the sinus node automaticity, negative
      dromotropic effects on the sinu-atrial, intraatrial, AV nodal and
      intraventricular conduction and finally negative bathmotropic actions on the
      myocardium of the atria and ventricles. B. suppress the artificial induction of
      paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias in patients with AV nodal reentry. These
      results help to recognize indications (supraventricular and ventricular premature
      beats or tachycardias) and contraindications (sick sinus syndrome, atrio
      ventricular block of higher degree and bifascicular blocks).

PMID- 3841605
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 3-carbethoxyamino-5-dimethylamino-acetyl
      iminodibenzyl hydrochloride (Bonnecor, AWD 19-166, GS 015) in the rat].
AB  - Excretion, blood level, distribution, and metabolite samples were studied on the
      rat after application of GS 015 marked by 14C. The compound is quickly and
      completely absorbed and metabolized from an aqueous solution. The marked
      substances form a broad blood level maximum, at the occasion of which a main
      metabolite distinguishes itself apart from the initial compound at first provable
      yet. The elimination half-life from the blood is 6 h. An intense influx of
      radioactive substance into the tissues takes place. The excretion of the marked
      metabolites occurs mainly renally making appear a second main metabolite.
      Striking sex differences are partly observed in the parameters tested.

PMID- 3841606
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 3-carbethoxyamino-5-dimethylamino
      acetyl-iminodibenzyl hydrochloride (Bonnecor, AWD 19-166, GS 015) in the cat].
AB  - The antiarrhythmic action of GS 015 was studied proportionally to its plasma
      concentrations ascertained in parallel, using the model of the
      electrofibrillation of the cat's heart. Blood levels of about 1.3 micrograms/ml
      after i.v. injection of 2 mg/kg caused a marked short-term increase of the
      fibrillation threshold which then remained at the increased level for a longer
      period yet, observing GS 015 concentrations between 0.8 and 0.5 micrograms/ml.
      Individual differences existed in the height of the blood level as well as in its
      proportion to the effect.

PMID- 3841607
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 3-carbethoxyamino-5-dimethylamino
      acetyl-iminodibenzyl hydrochloride (Bonnecor, AWD 19-166, GS 015) in the dog].
AB  - The antiarrhythmic action of GS 015 was studied in proportion to its plasma
      concentrations ascertained in parallel, making use of the model of the two-step
      coronary ligature in the conscious dog. Blood levels of 1.0 microgram/ml (2 mg/kg
      i.v.) or of 0.8 microgram/ml (5 mg/kg orally) brought about a complete
      suppression of ectopic arrhythmias. The limit concentration for this effect is
      about 0.5 microgram/ml.

PMID- 3841608
TI  - [Summarized presentation of studies on the toxicology of 3-carbethoxyamino-5
      dimethylamino-acetyl-10,11- dihydrobenz[b,f]azepine hydrochloride (Bonnecor, GS
      015, AWD 19-166)].
AB  - To ensure toxicologically the potential antiarrhythmic agent 3-carbethoxyamino-5
      dimethylamino-acetyl-10,11-dihydro-dibenz[b,f] azepine hydrochloride (Bonnecor,
      GS 015, AWD 19-166), the following preclinical studies have been made up to the
      present: Determination of the acute toxicity on mice and rats, toxicity test on
      the rat by repeated applications, study as to the action of GS 015 on the
      prenatal development of the rat, diverse toxicologic studies on reproduction,
      mutagenity tests by using the DNA repair test and the Ames test. The results of
      these studies are represented in a summarized form. A good tolerance of GS 015
      can be derived from the results of the preclinical studies gained up to now.

PMID- 3841609
TI  - [Synthesis of 3-carbethoxyamino-5-dimethylamino-[1-14C]-acetyl- 10,11-dihydro-5h
      dibenz[b,f]azepine hydrochloride (Bonnecor, AWD 19-166, GS 015)].
AB  - GS 015-14C was synthetized from [1-14C]-chloracetic acid and 3-carbethoxyamino
      10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine. The whole radioactivity yield passing all
      synthesis stages was 32% at a radiochemical purity of more than 98%.

PMID- 3841610
TI  - [Pharmacologic studies on the effect of 3-carbethoxyamino-5-dimethylamino-acetyl
      iminodibenzyl hydrochloride (Bonnecor, AWD 19-166, GS 015) on the vegetative and
      central nervous system].
AB  - The substance GS 015 was tested as to its influence on the vegetative and the
      central nervous system. The total of side effects is low. In spite of the
      structural resemblance the aspect of action does not correspond to that of
      tricyclic psychopharmaceutical agents. Pharmacologically relevant doses bring
      about: local anaesthesia, musculotropic spasmolysis, inhibition of the serotonin
      induced oedema, antiulcerative effect, intensification of the toxicity of
      amphetamine. The results do not oppose to a clinical use.

PMID- 3841611
TI  - The effect of head group structure on phase transition of phospholipid membranes
      as determined by differential scanning calorimetry.
AB  - The phase transition characteristics of cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol
      suspensions were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The phase
      transition temperatures for dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol,
      tetramyristoylcardiolipin, dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol and
      tetrapalmitoylcardiolipin were 25.0, 47.0, 40.5 and 62.2 degrees C, respectively.
      The phase transition temperature for a mixture of two analogous phospholipids was
      higher than that for phosphatidylglycerol alone, but lower than that for
      cardiolipin alone. It increased along with cardiolipin content. The phase
      transition temperature for cardiolipin was increased in the presence of divalent
      cations, particularly Ca2+. The results indicate that the head group of
      cardiolipin by itself can increase the phase transition temperature.

PMID- 3841612
TI  - A microcomputer-based system for recording and analyzing behavioral data
      regarding the sexual activity of male rodents.
AB  - A microcomputer (TRS-80 Model 4P) based system has been developed to aid in the
      collection and analysis of behavioral data regarding sexual activity in male
      rodents. Its capabilities include the recording of events, the online calculation
      of frequency and latency measures, the monitoring of temporal intervals as
      demanded by experimental protocols, and the prompting of experimenter activities
      at prescribed times.

PMID- 3841613
TI  - Acetoxychavicol acetate, an antifungal component of Alpinia galanga.

PMID- 3841614
TI  - [Utilization of a computer using programless language for radiation protection
      management].
AB  - Utilization of the computer for radiation control is planned and performed in
      many radioisotope laboratories. But each laboratory has their own situation which
      makes the planning difficult with respect to the hardware and particularly to the
      software. What is the most important is that the practice of radiation management
      is different for each laboratory both in point of view and in the form of
      recording. Therefore, the computer program for the radiation management,
      especially for the management of radioisotopes is required to meet many
      amendments. In this standpoint, we have developed a "programless language" or
      "programless software" and have used in our work for several years. As the result
      of our experience, we have found that the programless language is quite
      satisfactory for the management of radioisotopes and that it has an advantage in
      some aspects over conventional programs. It is thought that this "programless
      language" is effective not only for our own works, but also applicable to other
      radioisotope laboratories.

PMID- 3841615
TI  - [Development of gamma-ray spectrometry system (GAMA-III system) for neutron
      activation analysis].

PMID- 3841616
TI  - Managing risk in a technical society: the Tanner Bill in California.

PMID- 3841617
TI  - [Growth and development in children of adolescents of the middle socioeconomic
      level. I].

PMID- 3841618
TI  - [Coma in full-term newborn infants following acute fetal distress: electro
      clinical evolution].
AB  - Twenty full term infants who had birth asphyxia were studied. These infants were
      in a comatose state for 4 to 15 days and at least 3 EEG recordings were performed
      during this period. Six infants recovered without sequelae and in 2 cases there
      were minor abnormalities. In 7 cases there were major deficits (follow-up: 1 to 9
      years) and 5 infants died within 15 days. Abnormal movements were observed in all
      the babies. Thirteen infants had EEG documented seizures (intermittent in 5 cases
      and status epilepticus in 8 cases). The prognosis was not correlated with the
      time of onset or duration of the coma, the time of onset or type of abnormal
      movements, nor with the presence of intermittent or continuous electrographic
      seizure activity. The initial tracing on the first day is the most significant
      prognostic factor. On subsequent days, an inactive EEG always indicated a poor
      prognosis. An improvement in the EEG on the 2nd on the 3rd day may not correlate
      with a favourable outcome since 3 such cases had a poor outcome. The clinical and
      EEG findings during therapy and the value of high levels of anticonvulsant
      therapy are discussed.

PMID- 3841619
TI  - [Effects of blocking muscarinic receptors with pirenzepine on the functional
      plasma flow of the liver in man and in the rat].

PMID- 3841620
TI  - [Induction of post-partum ovulation in creole cows by using a Norgestomet implant
      and temporary removal of the calf].
AB  - Two treatments were used to attempt to induce ovulation in anoestrous post-partum
      creole cows. The use of a Norgestomet implant for 7 days followed by removal of
      the calf for 48 h induced ovulation in 91, 83 and 71% of anoestrous creole cows
      treated respectively at 37, 48 and 51 days post partum (implant insertion). In
      the same time, the cycling rates of the control groups were 30, 35 and 35%,
      respectively. But calf removal for 48 h at 60 and 80 days without progestagen
      priming failed to increase the number of cycling cows compared to the control
      group. Whatever the treatment and the post-partum day, calf growth was not
      different between the treated and the control groups at 30, 60 and 90 days post
      partum, and there was no mastitis.

PMID- 3841621
TI  - [Ovarian fibromas and the Gorlin-Goltz syndrome].
AB  - The authors report two ovarian fibromas observed in two sisters whose clinical
      story suggested a basal cell naevus syndrome or Gorlin-Goltz syndrome.

PMID- 3841622
TI  - [Fractionation of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom by molecular exclusion
      chromatography].

PMID- 3841623
TI  - [Severe congenital protein C deficiency in the adult. Study of a family].

PMID- 3841624
TI  - Correlation of the modified scratch test with the radioallergosorbent test (RAST)
      in atopic children.
AB  - The usefulness of the modified scratch test in predicting clinical allergy and
      its correlation with the RAST were studied in 83 atopic children. A total of 423
      scratch tests were compared with the same number of RAST. Percentage agreements
      between the two tests for individual allergens ranged from 87.5% (milk) to 50%
      (cat epithelium). The RAST showed more positive results only for the house dust
      allergen. Both RAST and scratch tests were not indicative of clinical allergy in
      the skin and gastrointestinal tract. It was concluded that the modified scratch
      test may give useful information and remain as one of the routine investigative
      procedures in pediatric allergy.

PMID- 3841625
TI  - Kinetic differences of the calcium-binding protein in absorptive hypercalciuric
      renal stone formers.
AB  - Normal levels of 1.25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and different behaviour of the
      calcium binding protein kinetics, in a group of absorptive hypercalciuric stone
      formers indicate that intestinal calcium hyperabsorption in stone formers is due
      to an altered calcium transport at the intestinal level rather than a phosphate
      renal leak.

PMID- 3841626
TI  - Pharmacokinetic studies of ivermectin: effects of formulation.
AB  - Studies are reported which describe the effects of formulation, animal species,
      and route of administration on the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin. Biological
      half-life t1/2 increases in the order: swine (0.5 day) less than dogs (1.8 day)
      less than cattle approximately equal to sheep (2.8 day). Formulation
      modifications, based upon the solubility properties of the drug, have been
      directed towards the development of a nonaqueous injectable formulation for
      cattle and an aqueous vehicle for horses. Bioavailability following subcutaneous
      injection in cattle can be regulated by control of injection solvent composition:
      a vehicle composed of a mixed aqueous-organic solvent exhibits pharmacokinetic
      properties (i.e., Cp, t1/2, AUC, and F) intermediate between those furnished by
      an aqueous formulation and via a purely nonaqueous solvent. The longer apparent
      biological half-life from this latter vehicle (t1/2 = 8.3 days) confirms that a
      slow absorption process dominates the pharmacokinetics in the nonaqueous
      injectable product to produce an effective controlled-release formulation. These
      bioavailability results illustrate the increase in the concentration of an
      organic solvent and a concomitant decrease in surfactant concentration in a
      micellar aqueous system for prolonged drug delivery via injection.

PMID- 3841627
TI  - [Chemotherapy of metastasizing breast cancer].
AB  - Treatment strategies for metastatic breast cancer are determined by various
      prognostic factors. The main two factors are if the patients are of high or low
      risk. Primary treatment consists of combinations of various drugs with (VAC) or
      without adriamycin (CMF). Advantages, disadvantages and side effects of these
      treatment regimens of those (above) as well as other treatment strategies are
      being discussed.

PMID- 3841628
TI  - [A new cucurbitacin from Hemsleya graciliflora].

PMID- 3841629
TI  - [Studies on the chemical constituents of Artemisia rupestris L].

PMID- 3841630
TI  - [Isolation and structure of danshenxinkun D].

PMID- 3841631
TI  - Use of malathion against ectoparasites on lactating cows.

PMID- 3841632
TI  - Association of basal-lamina defects with epidermal and dermal T6-positive cells:
      evidence of Langerhans-cell migration.
AB  - We observed the apparent migration of Langerhans cells across the basal lamina of
      normal human skin by immunoelectron microscopy using monoclonal anti-T6 antibody.
      This technique made it possible to visualize cytoplasmic processes of Langerhans
      cells not normally detectable by routine transmission electron microscopy, and
      therefore facilitated the documentation of the migratory process. Although events
      early in the migratory sequence were not observed, perhaps as the result of the
      evanescent nature of this phase, the association of Langerhans cells with focal
      disruptions in the epidermal basal lamina was documented. The basal lamina
      adjacent to these Langerhans cells was electron lucent, granular in character,
      and thinned, or intact, suggesting sequential reassembly after disruption. This
      study provides ultrastructural documentation supporting the hypothesis of ongoing
      migration of Langerhans cells across epidermal membranes, and suggests that this
      process is mediated by the disruption and reconstitution of the epidermal basal
      lamina.

PMID- 3841633
TI  - Inhibition of human red blood cell Na+, K+-cotransport by various "high ceiling"
      diuretics.
AB  - The rank order of diuretic efficacy of furosemide analogs, e.g. bumetanide and
      piretanide, in humans is reflected better by their ability to inhibit Na+, K+
      cotransport in human red blood cells than by their natriuretic activity in rats.
      High ceiling diuretics which are structurally unrelated to sulfamoyl diuretics,
      e.g. muzolimine, tizolemide, MK 447, may be similarly effective in rat and man,
      but by acting via other mechanisms cannot be detected by use of the Na+, K+
      cotransport system. On the other hand, a possible conversion of such compounds to
      metabolites active in the cotransport system cannot be ruled out. In contrast to
      ethacrynic acid, the weak inhibitory activity of muzolimine on the Na+, K+
      cotransport was not potentiated by cysteine. These results suggest that the
      diuretic activity of muzolimine is not caused by inhibition of Na+, K+
      cotransport.

PMID- 3841634
TI  - Modulation of eicosanoid release from anaphylactic guinea-pig heart with 5
      benzoyl-a-methyl-2-thiophene acetic acid (tiaprofenic acid).
AB  - The effects of infusion of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID),
      tiaprofenic acid (2.2 micrograms/min or 10.0 micrograms/min) and indomethacin
      (1.0 microgram/min) on the release of leukotriene (LT) C4-like immunoreactivity,
      thromboxane (TX) B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha from isolated perfused
      anaphylactic guinea-pig hearts were investigated. Tiaprofenic acid at both
      concentrations used significantly inhibited anaphylactic release of TXB2 and 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha as did indomethacin (1.0 microgram/min) which was, however, about
      ten times more potent in this respect. Release of immunoreactive LTC4-like
      material was not influenced by the lower concentration of tiaprofenic acid used
      (2.2 micrograms/min), but significantly enhanced by the higher concentration
      (10.0 micrograms/min). Thus, the effect of tiaprofenic acid on eicosanoid release
      by the anaphylactic heart is very similar to that of indomethacin without any
      differential inhibition of TXB2 or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha formation.

PMID- 3841635
TI  - [Prostaglandin metabolism in ischemic brain edema].

PMID- 3841636
TI  - Pharmacological study of a new hypolipidemic drug of prolonged activity, the
      tetraester of pantethine with 3-(3-pyridinemethoxycarbonyl)propionic acid.
AB  - The hypolipidemic activity of the tetraester of pantethine with 3-(3
      pyridinemethoxycarbonyl)propionic acid (MG 28362) was assessed in various
      experimental conditions versus the corresponding activities of nicotinyl alcohol
      (NA), nicotinyl alcohol hemisuccinate (NAH), nicotinic acid (NAC), and pantethine
      tetranicotinate (PTN). In the normolipidemic rat, MG 28362 causes a more durable
      reduction of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and serum triglycerides than the
      reference products. NEFA values return slowly to pretreatment levels without
      causing the rebound effect typical of most nicotinic acid derivatives. Likewise
      in the test of ethanol-induced hypertriglyceridemia, MG 28362 shows more
      pronounced and sustained activity compared to the reference products. It is also
      more effective on Triton hyperlipidemia and on diet-induced hypercholesterolemia;
      in the latter test, MG 28362 caused no triglyceride accumulation in the liver.
      Even at high dosage levels, MG 28362 did not cause the characteristic flushing of
      nicotinic acid congeners. Last, the new substance displays a fairly marked
      antiaggregating activity on blood platelets, some anti-hypoxic activity, and a
      generally low order of toxicity.

PMID- 3841637
TI  - Use of a microcomputer network for history taking in a prenatal clinic.
AB  - A stand-alone microcomputer was installed at St. Bartholomew's Hospital to obtain
      the booking (first prenatal) history. This system has many well-documented
      advantages over the manual method, particularly with respect to the completeness
      and quality of the history produced. However, a single microcomputer system is
      unable to deal with the load of a busy clinic, and initially, several independent
      terminals were required. We now describe the installation of a local area network
      to link several microcomputers with a single database in the Antenatal Clinic at
      Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital.

PMID- 3841638
TI  - Arthroscopic meniscus repair.

PMID- 3841639
TI  - Meniscal remodeling following partial meniscectomy--an experimental study in the
      dog.
AB  - The response of the meniscus to partial meniscectomy (in the avascular zone) was
      evaluated in 15 dogs. Following surgery 10 of the 15 dogs (67%) demonstrated a
      remodeling of the cut surface of the meniscus. This process appeared to begin
      with a fibrin clot which adhered to the meniscectomy surface. The organized clot
      was then populated by fibrocytes and eventually modulated into a fibrocartilage
      like tissue by 12 weeks. The origin of the cells is unknown and may represent a
      migration of cells from the synovium, a proliferation of meniscal
      fibrochondrocytes, or both. The remodeling process appears to be associated with
      the presence of a fibrin clot, presumably from residual hemarthrosis. In those
      menisci that did not remodel [five of 15 (33%)], the meniscectomy surface
      remained relatively unchanged with no signs of progressive degeneration.

PMID- 3841640
TI  - Arthroscopic management of degenerative meniscus tears in patients with
      degenerative arthritis.
AB  - Frequently, meniscal pathology accompanies degenerative changes affecting the
      articular surface of the knee. The attritional changes in the meniscus lead to
      fragmentation of the meniscus and a variety of tears, usually of the posterior
      horn of the medial meniscus. A prospective study of the results of arthroscopic
      partial meniscectomy in the presence of at least Outerbridge Grade III
      chondromalacia of the accompanying joint surface was performed between 1980 and
      1984. Eighty-seven knees in 84 patients were studied. The mean age was 62 (29-84)
      years. The right knee was involved in 44 patients, and 47 were men. Preoperative
      radiographs demonstrated osteoarthritis in 53 patients. The medial meniscus was
      involved in 82, while the lateral meniscus was affected in nine knees. Four knees
      had involvement of both menisci. In 72 knees, the most frequent lesion was a tear
      of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. The most frequent configuration of
      the tears was a flap in 42. The morbidity was small with the use of ambulatory
      aids being 10 +/- 13 (mean +/- SD) days. Subsequent surgery was performed on six
      knees consisting of two total knee arthroplasties, two upper-tibial osteotomies,
      one repeat arthroscopic meniscectomy, and one popliteal cyst excision. Two
      patients had poor results related to progression of their arthritis and one
      developed osteonecrosis. Five patients were unchanged from their preoperative
      status. Subchondral sclerosis or osteophytes on the preoperative radiographs
      correlated with 72% compared to 90% satisfactory results in the absence of these
      findings (p less than 0.03). Complications consisted of superficial
      thrombophlebitis in three, hemarthrosis in one, and superficial infection in one
      patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3841641
TI  - Application of electrothermal energy in arthroscopy.
AB  - Bovine stifle joints were utilized for the application of electrothermal energy
      in arthroscopic surgical procedures. The anatomy of the bovine stifle joint was
      comparable to that of the human knee and proved to be a suitable model for
      arthroscopic surgery. Partial and total meniscectomies were performed in vitro
      and in situ on cadaveric stifle joints using 1.5% glycine as a liquid medium.
      Histologic preparations revealed no adverse effects associated with the use of
      glycine, and coagulation necrosis never extended more than 0.1 mm into the
      meniscal substance. Instrumentation designed specifically for the intraarticular
      application of electrothermal energy facilitated arthroscopic meniscectomy with
      minimal effect on adjacent tissue.

PMID- 3841642
TI  - [Ischemic spinal cord necrosis in epidural anesthesia--a case report].

PMID- 3841643
TI  - [The reproductive performance of the Sprague-Dawley rat and changes induced by
      pregnancy on various parameters of the lipid picture].

PMID- 3841644
TI  - [Effects of hypoxic hypoxia and hyperoxia on the respiratory rate of the albino
      rat, normoxic or hypoxic since its birth].

PMID- 3841645
TI  - Medullary bone matrix formation, mineralization, and remodeling related to the
      daily egg-laying cycle of Japanese quail: a histological and radiological study.
AB  - A model is presented concerning the remodeling of medullary bone during the egg
      laying cycle of hens. This model is partly based on earlier results that showed
      that the active period of medullary bone resorption that produces part of the
      calcium needed for the eggshell coincides with the period of medullary bone
      matrix formation. It was hypothesized that mineralization of this matrix takes
      place during the subsequent inactive period. The present study examines this
      model. The medullary bone matrix volume, regardless of the degree of
      mineralization, is quantified in quail hens at four time points during the egg
      laying cycle. No significant changes in the medullary bone volume (i.e., matrix
      and bone) during the egg-laying cycle were found, implying that matrix formation
      and bone resorption are kept in balance within a time interval of only a few
      hours. In the radiological part of this study the whole body retention (WBR) of
      99mTc(Sn)MDP is used as a measure of the amount of low calcium medullary bone
      matrix formed during the egg-laying cycle. This use of 99mTc(Sn)MDP is justified
      by an autoradiographic experiment that showed that 99mTc(Sn)MDP actually labels
      newly formed medullary bone. Localization of the radioactive label showed a high
      positive correlation with the localization of fluorescent tetracycline labels in
      the medullary bone. From 4 to 22 hours after ovulation, the amount of medullary
      bone matrix increases linearly in quail hens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3841646
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 effects on collagen and DNA synthesis in periosteum and
      periosteum-free calvaria.
AB  - 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] is essential for normal growth and
      mineralization, but its direct effects on various aspects of bone formation
      remain controversial. 1,25(OH)2D3 was studied for its effects on DNA, collagen
      and noncollagen protein synthesis, and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) in the
      periosteum and periosteum-free bone from 21-day fetal rat calvariae. 1,25(OH)2D3
      (0.01 to 10 nM) inhibited the incorporation of 3H-proline into collagenase
      digestible protein (CDP) and the percent of collagen synthesized, and, at 10 nM,
      APA in the periosteum-free bone. 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited type I collagen without
      affecting other collagen types. In contrast, 1,25(OH)2D3 at 10 nM caused a small
      but significant stimulation of the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into acid
      insoluble residues (DNA) and on DNA content; both effects were exclusively
      observed in the periosteum. Hydroxyurea did not modify the inhibitory effect of
      1,25(OH)2D3 on 3H-proline incorporation into CDP. These studies indicate that
      1,25(OH)2D3 stimulates periosteal DNA synthesis but inhibits type I collagen
      synthesis and APA in the periosteum-free bone.

PMID- 3841647
TI  - Phosphorylation reaction of vertebrate smooth muscle myosin: an enzyme kinetic
      analysis.
AB  - Phosphorylation of vertebrate smooth muscle myosin or its isolated 20 000-dalton
      light chains by myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) was found to follow first-order
      kinetics not only at low ([M] much less than Km) but also at high ([M] greater
      than or equal to Km) substrate concentration. This observation can most simply be
      explained by a product inhibition for which the Michaelis constants (Km) of the
      enzyme for the substrate (dephosphorylated myosin) and for the product
      (phosphorylated myosin) are approximately the same. For such a case, integration
      of the kinetic velocity equation gives an exponential formula similar to that of
      a true first-order reaction, the only difference being that its rate constant (k)
      depends additionally on the initial substrate concentration ([M]0). The standard
      kinetic constants (k, Km, Vmax) have been calculated by using this pseudo-first
      order relationship. Independent evidence for the validity of the derived kinetic
      relationship was obtained from binding studies with myosin and MLCK. These showed
      that MLCK binds to phosphorylated and dephosphorylated myosin with approximately
      equal affinity (Ks = 30 X 10(-9) M). The possible applicability of the same
      kinetic relationship to other enzyme systems is discussed.

PMID- 3841648
TI  - The primary structure of the fourth component of human complement (C4)-C-terminal
      peptides.
AB  - C-terminal CNBr peptides of the three polypeptide chains of C4 were obtained and
      sequenced. These results supplement previously obtained data, notably the protein
      sequence derived from cDNA sequencing of pro-C4 (Belt KT, Carroll MC & Porter RR
      (1984) Cell 36, 907-914) and the N-terminal sequences of the three polypeptides
      (Gigli I, von Zabern I & Porter RR (1977) Biochem. J. 165, 439-446), to define
      the complete primary structure of the plasma form of C4. The beta (656 residues),
      alpha (748 residues), and gamma (291 residues) chains are found in positions 1
      656, 661-1408, and 1435-1725 in the pro-C4 molecule.

PMID- 3841650
TI  - Conformational analysis of a peptide segment of gastrin in comparison with an
      antigastric benzothiazocine.

PMID- 3841649
TI  - Sperm survival studies in peritoneal fluid from infertile women with
      endometriosis and unexplained infertility.
AB  - Peritoneal fluid (PF) volume and sperm survival (motility and velocity) were
      studied in PF from women with unexplained infertility, infertile women with
      endometriosis and fertile women without endometriosis using a laser light
      scattering technique. PF volume was significantly larger in the group of women
      with unexplained infertility (P less than 0.025) and in infertile women with
      endometriosis (P less than 0.003) when compared with fertile women. There was a
      significant reduction in the percentage motile sperm in women with unexplained
      infertility (P less than 0.001) and in infertile women with endometriosis when
      compared with fertile women (P less than 0.001). In infertile women with
      endometriosis a positive correlation was observed between peritoneal fluid volume
      and reduction in the percentage of motile sperms (P less than 0.01).

PMID- 3841651
TI  - A prognostic score for Graves' disease.
AB  - We have reanalysed the clinical and laboratory data on 196 individuals with
      Graves' disease. The consensus of two clustering techniques and a new method of
      allocating patients to a cluster resulted in two groups of patients, those with a
      severe and others with a mild disease. The severe disorder is characterized by a
      high frequency of HLA-B8 and -Al, a low complement level, high titres of
      circulating immune complex and anti-thyroglobulin antibody, a high lymphocyte
      transformation index and serum T3 level, a low level of active E-rosettes, large
      goitres and a high value for the Crooks test. The mild disorder shows a higher
      frequency of HLA-B12 and an abnormally low absolute lymphocyte number. A weight
      was calculated for each character according to the relative frequency in the two
      clusters. A total score could then be calculated for each patient based on their
      clinical and laboratory findings. There were two distinct distributions of scores
      corresponding to the two subgroups. This suggests different aetiological factors
      which may be more easily studied in these more homogeneous groups. Prognostic
      predictions can be made using the score. The risk of recurrence and the frequency
      and severity of ophthalmopathy increases dramatically as the score increases. The
      use of the score in making therapeutic decisions needs to be tested.

PMID- 3841653
TI  - [Ultrastructure of normal and injured menisci of the knee joint].

PMID- 3841652
TI  - Sarcoidosis in ENT practice.
AB  - Thirteen cases of sarcoidosis were seen at the Royal National Throat, Nose and
      Ear Hospital and St George's Hospital, Tooting, between 1963 and 1984 inclusive.
      In only 5 patients had a diagnosis of sarcoidosis been made prior to attendance.
      In the remaining 8 patients, there was a considerable delay in making a diagnosis
      in those cases with predominantly nasal symptoms, ranging from 8 to 18 months.
      Several patients with nasal sarcoidosis had evidence of systemic disease on
      investigation, but did not receive appropriate treatment early in the course of
      their disease because of the delay in initial diagnosis. Both the ENT surgeon and
      the general practitioner must be aware that symptoms of nasal obstruction,
      rhinorrhea and crusting are not always due to an allergic or vasomotor rhinitis,
      and granulomatous conditions should always be considered in the differential
      diagnosis of patients with these symptoms.

PMID- 3841654
TI  - [Paraplegia following spinal puncture and injection].

PMID- 3841655
TI  - [Fifteen cases of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis with hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 3841656
TI  - [Serum lipids and lipoproteins before and after treatment of hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 3841657
TI  - [TSH and thyroid hormone levels in newborn infants with hyperthyrotropinemia
      detected by screening tests, in newborn infants with goiter and those born to
      mothers with hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 3841658
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of molsidomine in patients with severe chronic coronary
      disease.
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of a single dose of intravenous molsidomine were
      assessed in 12 patients with severe coronary disease. The investigation was
      carried out at rest during angina induced by pacing and after molsidomine during
      pacing at the rate at which angina had been produced. During angina, left
      ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressure rose, left ventricular stroke
      work fell and coronary flow and myocardial oxygen consumption increased by 58.3%
      above the control levels. After the administration of molsidomine, atrial
      stimulation was not followed by angina and there were no significant changes in
      systolic blood pressure. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure fell sharply and
      coronary flow and myocardial oxygen consumption were only 38% and 33% higher,
      respectively, than the control levels. The beneficial effects of molsidomine in
      ischaemic heart disease, therefore, are the result of peripheral vasodilation
      which, by reducing the preload and afterload, lowers the oxygen requirements of
      the myocardium and thus increase the threshold for angina. A direct action on the
      coronary network can not be excluded but if such an action does exist it must be
      very small in the light of the marked systemic effect.

PMID- 3841659
TI  - Stimulation of the hexose monophosphate pathway by pyrroline-5-carboxylate
      reductase in the lens.
AB  - Addition of pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) or its precursors to rat lenses
      cultured for 24 hr in TC-199 medium containing 14C-glucose results in an apparent
      concentration-dependent increase in hexose monophosphate-pentose (HMP) pathway
      activity. Addition of proline, the reduction product of P5C, did not result in an
      increase, suggesting that stimulation of the HMP pathway is related to the
      reduction of P5C to proline by the enzyme P5C reductase. No apparent feedback
      inhibition on P5C reductase was observed. Stimulation of HMP pathway activity by
      P5C was also observed in the lenses of Philly and Nakano mouse, two models of
      congenital osmotic cataracts. Compared with its genetic control, the Swiss-
      Webster mouse, generally no difference in the lenticular levels of HMP pathway
      activity was observed in the Philly mouse--even after the onset of cataract.
      Stimulation of the HMP pathway in the Philly lens by P5C, however, was
      consistently lower than its control. In the lenses from the Nakano mouse and its
      genetic control, the Balb/c mouse, no difference in the percentage stimulation of
      the HMP pathway resulting from the addition of P5C was observed, but HMP pathway
      activity in the Nakano lens was consistently lower than that of the control.

PMID- 3841660
TI  - [Natural inhibitors of viral replication of low molecular weight].

PMID- 3841661
TI  - [Treatment of advanced stage gastric carcinoma: FAM versus chemotherapeutic
      regimens excluding adriamycin].

PMID- 3841662
TI  - [Selected indicator enzymes in the blood serum of persons chronically exposed to
      fluorides before and after preventive administration of magnesium salts].

PMID- 3841663
TI  - Activation of energy expenditure in the rat by a new non-amphetaminic compound:
      the (4-chlorophenoxyacetate) N-methyl 3-hydroxymethyl piperidine, hydrochloride
      (PM 170).
AB  - The (4-chlorophenoxyacetate) N-methyl 3-hydroxymethyl piperidine, hydrochloride
      (PM 170), chemically unrelated to amphetamine, was studied in normal rats for any
      thermogenic effect. It was given in graded doses. After an acute treatment PM 170
      increases energy expenditure by increasing resting oxygen consumption (VO2) and
      in the doses used, produced dose-related increases in VO2. Energy expenditure of
      rats treated for 16 days was chronically elevated, while body weight gain and
      food intake were reduced. It also stimulated mitochondrial oxygen consumption
      probably by partial uncoupling of respiration from ATP synthesis. The disruption
      of oxidative phosphorylation could partially explain the effect of this compound
      on resting metabolic rate.

PMID- 3841664
TI  - Aetiology of hearing disorders in children at the schools for the deaf.
AB  - Ninety-three children attending the schools for the deaf in Copenhagen were
      examined in order to assess the aetiology of the hearing disorder and to compare
      the causing factors to those indicated in a previous investigation from 1953.
      Based on pre-existing investigations including both audiological and non
      audiological procedures, the aetiology of the hearing impairment was known in 63%
      while in 37% the cause of the hearing disorder was unknown. A thorough
      examination programme was performed in 71 of the attending children whereby a
      reduction of 'unknown cause' of the hearing disorder could be obtained in half of
      these children. Compared to the previous investigation from 1953 the incidence of
      acquired hearing impairment had decreased in contrast to congenital severe
      hearing impairment. Based on the results of the present investigation it is
      concluded that an improved nosological classification can be obtained by re
      evaluation of both the children and the parents; the physical examination is a
      long-standing dynamic process running over years; the increased incidence of
      congenital hearing impairment can be ascribed to prenatal infections,
      predominantly foetal rubella which is a preventative disease.

PMID- 3841665
TI  - [Beta-HCG-producing choriocarcinoma of the pineal area as a cause of precocious
      puberty].
AB  - We report the case of an eight-year-old boy with precocious puberty due to a beta
      HCG producing choriocarcinoma of the pineal region. beta-HCG-levels were elevated
      initially (9659 mU/ml) and did not normalize completely after surgical removal of
      the brain tumor. A relapse of the tumor in the hypothalamic region led to a new
      increase of beta-HCG-level up to 41258 mU/ml. Histopathology of a subsequently
      removed metastasis in the right lung showed immunohistological evidence of beta
      HCG production. Introduction of chemotherapy was followed by a normalization of
      the beta-HCG-level and of the previously elevated hormone values.

PMID- 3841666
TI  - Consequences of decriminalization of homosexuality: a study of two Australian
      states.
AB  - A comparison between homosexual males in two Australian states, Victoria (prior
      to decriminalization of homosexuality) and South Australia (eight years after
      decriminalization), indicated that the consequences of decriminalization did not
      include an increase in the negative aspects of homosexuality, such as public
      solicitation or sexually transmitted disease. Findings suggest that as a
      consequence of decriminalization, the psychological adjustment of homosexual men
      will increase and sexually transmitted diseases and public solicitation will
      decrease. These data are tentatively interpreted as indicating that there are few
      if any negative consequences of decriminalizing homosexuality, and a number of
      positive consequences.

PMID- 3841667
TI  - Some anatomical and physiological aspects of anal sexual practices.
AB  - Anal manipulation and penetration produce stimulation enjoyed as sexual by some
      people. Although this type of sexual activity is not new, the current social
      climate of sexual freedom and experimentation has brought it out into the open.
      This paper reviews some of the anatomical, physiological, and behavioral aspects
      of this variation of human sexual gratification, and provides the practicing
      professional, who has to deal with questions on anal sexuality, with information
      on the subject and suitable background material and literature references for
      further study.

PMID- 3841668
TI  - Towards understanding paternal extragenic contributions to early amphibian
      pattern specification: the axolotl ts-1 gene as a model system.
AB  - As a model system for understanding the role sperm extragenic components might
      play in early embryogenesis the genetics and phenotype of the ts-1 axolotl
      (Ambystoma mexicanum) mutant gene are reviewed. That mutant gene displays
      parental effects. It exhibits both maternal (egg-mediated) as well as paternal
      (sperm-mediated) phenotypic effects. A variety of possible modes of action of the
      ts-1 gene are reviewed. Comparisons of various precedents to the ts-1 genetic
      data are made. In addition, novel models which account for the ts-1 phenotypic
      data are presented.

PMID- 3841669
TI  - A program designed to facilitate the repetitive acquisition, display, and disk
      storage of sensory evoked responses.
AB  - We present an algorithm that permits automated acquisition, display, and disk
      storage of single or dual channel sensory evoked potential waveforms using a
      Pathfinder II evoked response monitor. Once initiated, data acquisition and
      storage continue at user-specified intervals without additional user input. A
      cascade screen display provides trend monitoring. The file for data storage is
      established and searched using standard Pathfinder commands. The algorithm is
      written in MECOL, the Pathfinder specific programming language. This programming
      code imposed a number of limitations that had to be overcome to create a
      versatile and user friendly algorithm. During clinical use in our operating
      rooms, the program has been found effective and easy to use by both veteran and
      novice Pathfinder operators. The "hands-off" trend monitoring permitted by this
      algorithm has reduced the labor-intensive aspect of sensory evoked potential
      monitoring.

PMID- 3841670
TI  - Intracranial Hodgkin's disease. Report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of Hodgkin's disease are described; one was intracerebrally located and
      the other one extended to bone, dura mater and cerebral parenchyma. The
      classification of the different types of intracranial Hodgkin's disease is
      reviewed, and the role of Computed Tomography and surgery in the management of
      this pathology is emphasized.

PMID- 3841671
TI  - General pharmacological studies of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate
      in experimental animals.
AB  - Extensive general pharmacological studies of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate
      succinate (HPMCAS) were carried out in mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs and
      frogs. HPMCAS appeared to have no significant effect on the central nervous
      system, autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular system. Various biological
      analyses of the blood (including hemolysis and coagulation properties) and urine
      were unaffected, and the compound showed no significant local anesthetic or
      vascular permeability. At higher doses of HPMCAS, an increase in secretion of
      saliva in guinea pigs, a decrease in gastric juice secretion in rats and an
      increase in rectal temperature in rats were observed, but these effects did not
      show clear dose-dependence.

PMID- 3841672
TI  - Toxicological studies of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate--acute
      toxicity in rats and rabbits, and subchronic and chronic toxicities in rats.
AB  - The acute toxicity (in rabbits and rats) and the subchronic and chronic
      toxicities (in rats) of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS),
      a potentially useful pharmaceutical excipient, were investigated. 1) In the acute
      toxicity study (single oral dose of 2.5 g/kg), no deaths or behavioral
      abnormalities were observed. Thus, LD50 is higher than 2.5 g/kg. 2) In the
      subchronic toxicity study (0.63, 1.25 or 2.5 g/kg daily as a single oral dose in
      the morning, 6 days per week (not Sunday) for 2 months), no significant
      behavioral abnormality was observed. There was some decrease in body weight gain
      in rats of both sexes, but the effect was not statistically significant. 3)In the
      chronic toxicity study (1.25 or 2.5 g/kg daily as a single oral dose in the
      morning, 6 days per week (not Sunday) for 6 months), no significant behavioral
      abnormality was observed. There was some decrease in body weight gain in male
      rats, but it was not statistically significant. 4)Various biochemical and
      physiological abnormalities in rats were noted in all groups (including the
      control groups) in the toxicity studies, but there appeared to be no significant
      dose-related finding attributable to the administration of HPMCAS.

PMID- 3841673
TI  - Studies of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate on fertility in rats.
AB  - A fertility study was carried out in Slc: SD rats orally administered
      Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), a useful pharmaceutical
      excipient, at dose levels of 625, 1,250 and 2,500 mg/kg/day. Male rats were
      treated with HPMCAS from 60 days before pairing until the completion of mating.
      Female rats received HPMCAS for 22 days, from 14 days prior to mating up to Day 7
      of gestation. All pregnant females were sacrificed on Day 21 of gestation and all
      fetuses were examined for abnormalities. No abnormal signs were seen in mating or
      fertility in the rat treated with HPMCAS. No external, internal and skeletal
      anomalies attributable to HPMCAS were observed in the fetuses. It was concluded
      that HPMCAS had no harmful effect on mating, fertilization, implantation, or
      embryonic development.

PMID- 3841674
TI  - Teratological studies of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate in rats.
AB  - A teratogenicity study was carried out in S1c: SD rats orally administered
      Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), a useful pharmaceutical
      excipient, at dose levels of 625, 1,250 and 2,500 mg/kg/day for a period of 11
      days from day 7 to day 17 of gestation. Two-thirds of the pregnant females in
      each group were sacrificed on Day 21 of gestation and their fetuses were
      examined. The remaining dams were allowed to litter naturally, and the postnatal
      development of the offsprings was observed. The incidences of external, internal,
      and skeletal anomalies were not significantly increased in the fetuses of any
      treated groups. HPMCAS caused no effects on parturition, lactation, postnatal
      growth and reproductive ability of the male and female offspring.

PMID- 3841675
TI  - Teratological study of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate in rabbits.
AB  - A teratological study was carried out in New Zealand White rabbits in order to
      examine the teratogenic potentiality of HPMCAS, a useful pharmaceutical
      excipient. HPMCAS was orally administered at dose levels of 625, 1,250 and 2,500
      mg/kg/day for a period of 13 days from day 6 to day 18 of gestation. All pregnant
      females were sacrificed on day 29 of gestation and their fetuses were examined.
      The administration of HPMCAS during a period of organogenesis produced no
      embryotoxic and teratogenic effects as well as no influence on behavior,
      appearance and growth of animals.

PMID- 3841676
TI  - Effects on offspring induced by oral administration of
      hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate to the female rats in peri- and
      post-natal periods.
AB  - A perinatal and postnatal study was carried out in Slc: SD rats orally
      administered Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), a useful
      pharmaceutical excipient, at dose levels of 625, 1,250 and 2,500 mg/kg/day for a
      period from day 17 of gestation to day 21 after delivery. All pregnant rats were
      allowed to litter naturally, and the postnatal development of the offsprings was
      observed. In the administered group of 2500 mg/kg, the liver weight was
      significantly increased in males and showed a tendency to increase in females as
      compared with control. No significant differences between the control group and
      the administered groups were found in postnatal growth and differentiation,
      behavior and reproductive ability of male and female offsprings.

PMID- 3841678
TI  - [Effects of chromium compounds on the respiratory system (Part 3). Inhalation of
      chromic oxide (Cr2O3) dust by F344 rats].

PMID- 3841677
TI  - [Inhibitory effects of pirenzepine on cholinergic stimulation of exocrine rat
      pancreas in vitro].

PMID- 3841679
TI  - [Studies of the anti-cancer drug sensitivity test].

PMID- 3841680
TI  - [Monoclonal antibodies against human pulmonary surfactant apoproteins in clinical
      and pathological diagnosis].

PMID- 3841681
TI  - [Incidence of glaucoma in patients with Graves-Basedow disease].

PMID- 3841682
TI  - Computers in paediatrics: 15. Determination of left ventricular volumes using two
      dimensional echocardiography.

PMID- 3841683
TI  - Determination of the number of exponential functions in pharmacokinetic models on
      the basis of concentration-time data by MUCOM1.
AB  - MUCOM1 is a new BASIC computer program which has been developed for automatically
      deriving the function terms of a pharmacokinetic model, operating on the best
      approximation principle. The parameters of a poly-exponential model and their
      confidence intervals are computed from any available concentration-time data. The
      user neither needs to make an initial estimate of the number of terms, nor to
      find first approximations to the coefficients of the exponential functions. The
      approximation procedure is iterative, and is based on the RIP routine. MUCOM1 can
      be used on desk computers.

PMID- 3841684
TI  - A Visicalc program for estimating the area under a receiver operating
      characteristic (ROC) curve.
AB  - The area under the ROC curve interests us as a method for analyzing
      discrimination or detectability. One can assess a diagnostic test or probability
      assessor with respect to its degree of discrimination. The area under the ROC
      curve gives us the probability of correctly identifying abnormal from normal in a
      forced-choice, two-alternative problem. Previous methods used for calculating the
      area involved maximum likelihood estimation on a mainframe or minicomputer. This
      paper demonstrates an adaptation of a recently published nonparametric method for
      estimating the area. This adaptation takes advantage of electronic spreadsheet
      software and may be used on most (if not all) microcomputers. The paper develops
      the construction of the program needed for the necessary calculations.

PMID- 3841686
TI  - Diagnosis of meniscal lesions of the knee.

PMID- 3841685
TI  - An evaluation of methods for estimating the area under the receiver operating
      characteristic (ROC) curve.
AB  - The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve serves as one
      means for evaluating the performance of diagnostic and predictive test systems.
      The most commonly used method for estimating the area under an ROC curve utilizes
      the maximum-likelihood-estimation technique, and a nonparametric method to
      calculate the area under an ROC curve was recently described. We compared the
      performance of these two methods. The results for the area under the ROC curve
      and the standard error of the estimate as calculated by each of the two methods
      exhibited high correlation. Generally, the nonparametric method yields lower area
      estimates than the maximum-likelihood-estimation technique. However, these
      differences generally were small, particularly with ROC curves derived from five
      or more cutoff points. Consistent results of hypothesis testing of the
      significance of differences between two ROC curves will be similar, regardless of
      which method is used, as long as one uses the same estimation technique on the
      two curves and as long as the two ROC curves being compared are of similar shape.

PMID- 3841687
TI  - [Home management of intrathecal catheters].

PMID- 3841688
TI  - Biosynthesis of peptides in the skin of Xenopus laevis: isolation of novel
      peptides predicted from the sequence of cloned cDNAs.
AB  - From skin of Xenopus laevis, a few peptides have been isolated which are
      identical or homologous to gastrointestinal hormones and/or neurotransmitters of
      mammalian origin. We have studied the biosynthesis of these peptides using
      recombinant DNA techniques. From cDNA librariers constructed from skin mRNA,
      clones with inserts coding for the precursors of caerulein, thyrotropin releasing
      hormone and a new peptide termed PGLa have been isolated and sequenced. In the
      case of caerulein, a small family of precursors containing one, three or four
      copies of the end product have been detected. The caerulein sequences are
      separated by homologous sequences which potentially could give rise to additional
      constituents of skin secretion. Three such peptides have been detected which are
      presumably liberated from caerulein precursors by cleavage at single arginine
      residues.

PMID- 3841689
TI  - Glucagon- and PP-related peptides of intestinal L cells and pancreatic/gastric A
      or PP cells. Possible interrelationships of peptides and cells during evolution,
      fetal development and tumor growth.
AB  - The immunohistochemical detection of six distinct sequences of proglucagon and
      its derivatives (GRPP, glicentin, glucagon-37, glucagon-29, GLP1, GLP2 and MPGF)
      in both intestinal L cells and pancreatic or gastric A cells of some mammals
      (dog, man, guinea pig) confirms that the two cell types produce the same
      proglucagon molecule, although the final step of its post-translational
      processing differs in the two cells. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural
      patterns of glucagon/glicentin cells in the pancreas of lower vertebrates and
      early human fetuses, as well as tumor cell studies, suggest an evolution of
      gastropancreatic A cells from L cells. On the contrary, the PP-related peptide
      PYY of intestinal L cells, and PP with its C-terminal icosapeptide extension of
      pancreatic PP cells, likely originate from different prohormones. Although
      intermediate patterns of peptide expression can be observed, including some F
      type PP cells of the dog pancreas (uncinate process) and pyloric mucosa showing
      PYY immunoreactivity or rare PYY and/or HPP immunoreactive cells of the human
      rectum lacking glicentin reactivity, no obvious relationship can be established
      between L cells and pancreatic (F-type) PP cells. However, some evolutionary,
      embryogenetic and oncogenetic link may exist between L cells and human D1-type PP
      cells, a minor population of PP cells scattered in the pancreatic tissue of
      dorsal pouch origin and a major fraction of tumor PP cells.

PMID- 3841690
TI  - Neuromedins: novel smooth-muscle stimulating peptides identified in porcine
      spinal cord.
AB  - Two novel peptides, neuromedin U-8 and U-25, eliciting a potent uterus
      stimulating activity, have been purified and identified in porcine spinal cord.
      Sequence analyses and syntheses revealed that neuromedin U-8 is a novel
      octapeptide with a C-terminal amide structure, while U-25 contains the U-8
      sequence at its C-terminus, preceded by paired Arg residues, implicating their
      biosynthetic relationship. Their potent uterus stimulating activity and
      hypertensive effect, as well as their unique C-terminal amide structure are
      indicative of their specialized physiological function. In addition, by utilizing
      a specific radioimmunoassay for neuromedin B that is a bombesin-like peptide
      identified in porcine spinal cord, we have isolated two novel "big" neuromedin B,
      designated neuromedin B-32 and B-30, from pig brain and spinal cord, indicative
      of their biosynthetic relationship. Nine neuromedins (B, B-30, B-32, C, K, L, N,
      U-8 and U-25) thus far identified in porcine spinal cord as the smooth-muscle
      stimulating peptides, are classified into four families; B-(bombesin-like), K
      (kassinine-like), N-(neurotensin-like) and U-groups.

PMID- 3841691
TI  - Synthesis and pharmacology of nonmammalian angiotensins and their evolutionary
      development.
AB  - To understand how vertebrates utilize angiotensins during evolutionary
      development studies were undertaken to synthesize and/or characterize angiotensin
      like peptides from nonmammalian species. These studies indicated the presence of
      a new L-asparaginase amidohydrolase type enzyme in eel plasma which deamidates L
      asparagine residue at the amino terminus of the angiotensin peptides, thereby
      implying that l-asparaginyl decapeptide (rather than l-aspartyl decapeptide) is
      the natural form of angiotensin inherent in eel plasma. Pharmacological
      properties of the nonmammalian angiotensins compared with the synthetic analogs
      in one representative species of three distinct classes of vertebrates suggest
      that: in spite of variation in position 9 of the nonmammalian angiotensins I, the
      pressor activity of these peptides in rat and in dogfish shark is due to their
      conversion into the corresponding angiotensin II; in relatively more primitive
      stages of evolution, when vertebrates lived in salt water (e.g., dogfish shark)
      pressor action of exogenous angiotensin II appears to be due to the release of
      catecholamines (and not through direct vasoconstrictor effects, as in the
      mammalian species); and frog-skin angiotensin II has properties that may prove to
      be compatible with a role in the regulation of salt and water in amphibians.

PMID- 3841692
TI  - Phylogenetic aspects of cardiac hormones as revealed by immunocytochemistry,
      electronmicroscopy, and bioassay.
AB  - A hormone family of cardiac peptides has recently been isolated and biochemically
      and pharmacologically characterized by the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle,
      diuretic and natriuretic activities. The cardiac hormones are stored in specific
      granules of the atrial myoendocrine cells. Since data is available only from
      mammals (rat, pig, man) we started a phylogenetic study by investigating
      representatives of the higher vertebrate classes (birds, reptiles, amphibians,
      bony fish) as well as an invertebrate species, the gastropod mollusc Helix
      pomatia. Homologous cardiac hormones of the cardiodilatin (CDD) family which
      exerted a dose-dependent relaxant effect on the rabbit aorta were extracted from
      the atria of all species studied and from the ventricles of amphibians and
      teleosts. The storage sites of cardiac hormones were localized by
      electronmicroscopy and immunocytochemistry using antisera against several
      sequences of pig CDD and applying the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. CDD
      immunoreactivity (CDD-IR) was observed in myoendocrine cells in the atria of all
      vertebrate species studied, and in amphibians and teleosts also in the
      ventricles. In the snail, however, CDD-IR was present in nerve endings of the
      atrium and in perikarya of the subesophageal ganglion as well as in fibers of the
      intestinal nerve, while no CDD-IR was detected in heart muscle cells. In
      correlation, no "specific" granules were observed in myocardiocytes of the snail
      and vascular smooth muscle relaxant bioactivity was present in extracts of the
      subesophageal ganglion. The findings indicate that in the vertebrates studied the
      cardiodilatin-immunoreactive substances seem to constitute an endocrine system in
      the heart. In the snail, in contrast, they are present in a neuro-cardiac axis.
      This seems to represent a model unique in phylogeny.

PMID- 3841693
TI  - Central neuromodulation of gastric acid secretion by bombesin-like peptides.
AB  - The amphibian skin tetrapeptide bombesin shows potent action in reducing gastric
      acid secretion by intracerebral ventricular (ICV) administration in rats. In
      order to establish a relationship between this action and the amino acid
      composition of the bombesin-like peptides, most of the natural bombesin-like
      peptides and some synthetic analogues were tested on their ability to reduce
      gastric acid secretion by ICV administration. The amphibian peptides bombesin,
      its [Tyr4]-bombesin analogue, alytesin, ranatensin and litorin, and the mammalian
      peptide GRP significantly reduced gastric acid output 2 hr after peptide
      administration (p less than 0.01). The data support the following prerequisites
      for the maximal neuromodulatory role of bombesin-like peptides on gastric
      secretion: Trp is required at position 8; Gln and His are important at positions
      7 and 12, respectively; Leu replacement by Phe, which occurs in the litorin
      subfamily, modifies the response; and unspecified amino acids or sequences are
      also involved in the N-terminal region of bombesin-like peptides. Synthetic
      analogues are currently being tested to confirm and extend these conclusions.

PMID- 3841694
TI  - The karyological basis of atypia.
AB  - There is no distinct DNA-pattern correlating with the degree of dysplasia.
      Atypical DNA-histograms can be found in morphologically normal smears especially
      when earlier smears had been suspicious. They can also persist after
      hysterectomy. In cases of progression aneuploidy and large scatter dominate while
      in cases of regression the DNA values are concentrated in the polyploid classes.
      Therefore, persisting atypical histograms signalize an increased risk in cases of
      dysplasia.

PMID- 3841695
TI  - Anticonvulsant effects of propranolol and their pharmacological modulation.
AB  - The anticonvulsant activity of propranolol was investigated in mice and rats
      using the electroshock seizure test (MES) and in special cases the electrically
      evoked hippocampal afterdischarges as a model. The results show that racemic
      propranolol as well as the two enantiomers were effective against MES. (+)
      propranolol, the isomer with negligible beta-adrenoceptor blocking capacity
      revealed the stronger effect, its efficacy was comparable with the potency of
      phenobarbital, an overadditive synergism could be demonstrated. Subchronic
      administration of the two enantiomers led to a significantly reduced ED50 value
      of (-)-propranolol 24 h after the last application, the (-)-isomer became more
      effective. The (+)-propranolol did not reveal significant differences. In
      unrestrained rats with chronically implanted electrodes propranolol increased the
      stimulation threshold and reduced the duration of electrically evoked hippocampal
      afterdischarges. Investigations with drugs affecting monoaminergic systems in the
      CNS demonstrated that the noradrenergic system might play a predominant role in
      modulating the anticonvulsant effectiveness of propranolol. Pharmacological
      suppression (6-hydroxydopamine, reserpine, phenoxybenzamine) or stimulation
      (maprotiline, yohimbine, clenbuterol) reduced or enhanced the activity of
      propranolol against MES. On the other hand, manipulation of the serotonergic or
      dopaminergic system seemed to be less effective. In general, the findings confirm
      the results of previous studies that the membrane stabilizing property and not
      the blocking action on beta adrenergic (or serotonergic) receptors accounts for
      the anticonvulsant activity of propranolol.

PMID- 3841696
TI  - Current concepts in the management of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma.

PMID- 3841697
TI  - [Social and health survey of a group of prostitutes].

PMID- 3841698
TI  - Three thousand YAG lasers in posterior capsulotomies: an analysis of
      complications and comparison to polishing and surgical discissions.

PMID- 3841699
TI  - Spontaneous reversal of vertical diplopia in Graves' eye disease.

PMID- 3841700
TI  - [Role of endogenous compression in the etiopathogenesis of traumatic diseases and
      complications].
AB  - On the basis of roentgen-anatomical examinations on 242 corpses and experiments
      on 70 dogs it was established that disturbances of blood circulation developed
      due to the endogenic compression became the leading factor in etiopathogenesis of
      the diseases and complications of traumas, aggravated the course and often
      resulted in lethal outcomes.

PMID- 3841701
TI  - [Regenerative processes of the internal structures of the knee joint following
      meniscectomy. Experimental study of the knee joint of the rabbit].
AB  - In an experimental study of thirty rabbits, processes of repairing of the inner
      structures in the knee joint after meniscectomy were examined: Three operational
      methods were used: The total, partial and sub-partial menisectomy. Macroscopic,
      microscopic and electron microscopic examinations of the inner structure of the
      knee joint were made after intervals of one, three, six, nine and twelve weeks
      after meniscectomy. Processes of adaptation in the articulating parts of the
      joints were detected after total and sub-total menisectomy. These were in the
      form of marginally located chrondo-osteophytic deposits. Very little change or no
      change at all could be found in the tibia and the femur, where a sub-total
      meniscectomy had been performed. A regenerative development took place in the
      capsular part of the resection line of the meniscus and/or the anterior part of
      the meniscus. The regeneration consisted of connective tissue rich in collagen
      fibres. No cartilage tissue could be found. There was no regenerative development
      in evidence after performing a sub-total menisectomy. Closure of the
      lesion/defect to the original half moon shape was not observed. The inner edge of
      the meniscus base showed itself to be unchanged. Intermediate cartilage
      structures remaining in the joint after the performance of partial and sub-total
      meniscectomy showed evidence of changes in connective tissue composition.
      Microscopy showed changes in its connective tissue through increased layering of
      collagen tissue in the cartilaginous tissue matrix. Adaptation processes in the
      tibia and the femur after total and partial meniscectomy indicate a low
      functional regenerative efficiency.

PMID- 3841703
TI  - Transplantation of cerebral actinomycosis simulating malignant brain tumor into
      nude mice. Report of a case.
AB  - A case of actinomycotic brain abscess simulating malignant brain tumor is
      presented. Diagnosis was made by histological examination of the operative
      specimen and of the organs of xenotransplanted Nude mice. The patient survived 3
      months after the operation. None of the characteristic organisms could be
      detected microscopically at the autopsy in the brain and the lung.
      Xenotransplantation into Nude mice may be a useful method for the relatively
      quick identification of the causative agent in cases suspected of actinomycosis.

PMID- 3841702
TI  - [A modern information system for toxicologic analysis based on the (IV+V)
      system].
AB  - After a short description of the background and fundamentals, a program system
      for a microcomputer is described that permits the implementation of a laboratory
      specific database and information system. Due to standardized program and data
      structures and compatibility with different hardware, as well as portability,
      similar laboratories have the potential of carrying out cooperative studies on a
      national and international basis.

PMID- 3841704
TI  - [Studies on the chemical constituents of Knoxia valerianoides Thorel ex Pitard].

PMID- 3841705
TI  - Oxygen binding properties of early definitive red cells from normoxic and hypoxic
      chick embryos.

PMID- 3841706
TI  - Brain: body ratio and conceptional age in vascular-induced intrauterine growth
      retarded rabbits.
AB  - Vascular induced intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) was achieved by total
      ligation of approximately 30% of the placental vessels to half the fetuses in the
      last third of gestation in pregnant rabbits. A correlation between brain weight,
      body weight and head circumference was established in fetuses and rabbit pups in
      the perinatal period. The brain:body ratio in restricted IUGR animals was
      significantly higher than their homologous normal controls. A cephalization index
      based on the brain:body ratio is proposed to assess adverse effects on brain
      maturity in the presence of IUGR induced by placental insufficiency.

PMID- 3841707
TI  - The cephalization index: a screening device for brain maturity and vulnerability
      in normal and intrauterine growth retarded newborns.
AB  - Predictive estimates of future neurological maldevelopment as a result of
      vascular induced intrauterine injury are based on the assumption that the body is
      more affected than the brain resulting in asymmetrical intrauterine growth
      retarded (IUGR) newborns. The higher the brain:body ratio, the more severe the
      IUGR process and the greater the risk for the brain to be affected. This prompted
      us to study in human newborns, a cephalization index based on the ratio of head
      circumference to body weight to express the degree of brain maturity and possible
      vulnerability in relation to gestational age. The newborn cephalization index was
      correlated with neurodevelopment. A trend could be delineated; in the later
      gestational age, the higher the cephalization index reflecting a greater degree
      of brain vulnerability, the more severe the clinical pathology; especially the
      likelihood of cerebral palsy and severe psychomotor retardation. The
      cephalization index may serve as an additional screening device for high risk
      intrauterine growth retarded newborns.

PMID- 3841708
TI  - [Etiologic evaluation of deep venous thrombosis: hemostasis tests to perform].

PMID- 3841709
TI  - [Immunologic determination of the protein C of coagulation: detection of
      deficiencies].
AB  - Protein C, discovered by Stenflo in 1976, plays a major role in the regulation of
      thrombogenic processes. Even moderate deficiencies (0.40 to 0.60 U/ml) can be
      responsible for serious thromboembolic accidents. The authors evaluated the kits
      for the immunological assay of protein C, produced by Laboratoire Diagnostica
      Stago: a immuno-enzymatic method (ELISA) and Laurell's method. Despite the very
      different characteristics in terms of practicability, threshold of sensitivity
      and precision, the authors obtained an excellent correlation between these two
      techniques. The concentrations of protein C Ag obtained in 22 normal plasmas were
      0.70 to 1.40 U/ml. In 32 patients with recurrent thrombosis with no apparent
      cause, 5 had a concentration of protein C Ag less than 0.70 U/ml. The
      identification of a deficiency of protein C Ag (Vitamin K depend protein) is
      often made difficulty by the fact that the patients are treated with anti-vitamin
      K drugs. The ratio between the vitamin K depend pro-coagulation factors and
      Protein C Ag may provide information about a possible deficiency.

PMID- 3841710
TI  - [Computer-assisted study of suicide attempts].

PMID- 3841711
TI  - [Idiopathic myositis of the small intestine. An unusual cause of chronic
      intestinal pseudo-obstruction in children].
AB  - The case reported concerns a child with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction
      (CIPO) whose digestive manifestations (intestinal adynamia and distension) were
      present from the age of 6 months and lasted, despite medical and surgical
      treatments until 4 years of age, when death occurred. The multiple samplings
      showed important inflammatory reactions centred on the muscular layers of the
      small intestine, together with degenerative lesions of the muscular fibres,
      progressively leading to fibrosis and atrophy of the intestinal wall with
      secondary and final impairment of the myenteric plexuses. The diagnosis of
      myositis of the small intestine is extremely rare. It is not part of the usual
      causes of intestinal adynamia and CIPO, which were reviewed. Hollow visceral
      myopathy and systemic sclerosis of the GI tract were more especially discussed.
      For lack of etiopathogenic convincing data and of similar observation in the
      literature, this case may be temporarily considered as an idiopathic myositis of
      the small intestine, a potentially new cause of CIPO.

PMID- 3841712
TI  - Light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry on the localization of
      cytochrome P-450 of the side chain cleavage system and of cytochrome P-450 of 11
      beta-hydroxylase in the bovine adrenal cortical cells.
AB  - In order to know the mechanism of steroid hormone biosynthesis, the localization
      of cytochromes P-450 of cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzymes (P-450SCC) and P
      450 of 11 beta-hydroxylase (P-450(11)beta) were studied in bovine adrenal glands
      by light as well as electron microscopic immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal
      antibodies. With light microscopy the cytoplasm of the glomerulosa cells was
      faintly immunostained, while that of the fasciculata-reticularis cells was
      intensely immunostained by both monoclonal antibodies for cytochrome P-450SCC and
      cytochrome P-450(11)beta, though the capsular connective tissue cells and the
      adrenal medullary cells were entirely negative for these reactions. Electron
      microscopic immunohistochemistry revealed that the positive reaction products for
      cytochromes P-450 were present on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial
      membrane including the tubulovesicular cristae of the cortical cells, and
      especially of the fasciculata and reticularis cells. The present results indicate
      that both cholesterol side-chain cleaving enzymes and 11 beta-hydroxylase are
      present in the inner mitochondrial membrane of bovine adrenal cortical cells.

PMID- 3841713
TI  - [Relationship between solid cell nests and focal lymphocytic thyroiditis].
AB  - Considering the fact that there is often a combined occurrence of focal
      lymphocytic thyroiditis (FLT) and so-called Solid Cell Nests (SCN) in the same
      human thyroid gland, we examined thyroid tissue of 500 routine autopsies. SCN
      were found in 56 (11.2%) and FLT in 59 (11.8%) patients. The combination of these
      two lesions was encountered in 18 (3.6%) cases. This incidence (3.6%) is four to
      five times higher than would be expected from chance alone. In 12 of the 18
      patients mentioned, SCN were in close association with lymphocytic infiltration,
      but this was not statistically significant. Two hypotheses are discussed
      concerning the combination of SCN and FLT. According to Klinck and Menk (1951),
      the SCN, derived like the epithelial part of the thymus from the embryologic
      pharyngeal pouch, forms a favorable micro-environment for inflammatory cells.
      Based on the second hypothesis, the SCN, probably a remnant of the
      ultimobranchial body, mark an incompletely developed thyroid. These thyroids
      would be predisposed to auto-immune thyroid disease such as FLT.

PMID- 3841714
TI  - Development and application of organic reagents for analysis. V. High-performance
      liquid chromatographic determination of lipoperoxides in biological fluids with
      1,3-diphenyl-2-thiobarbituric acid.

PMID- 3841715
TI  - Extensive surface changes of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells induced by intracellular
      Li+.

PMID- 3841716
TI  - [Isolated non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma of the orbit].

PMID- 3841717
TI  - [Technic and indications of the Picolas-laser. Preliminary note].

PMID- 3841718
TI  - The use of IVF in the management of male infertility.

PMID- 3841719
TI  - Anorectal disorders.

PMID- 3841720
TI  - An acromegalic patient with recurrent urolithiasis.
AB  - A 52-year-old man with an acromegalic appearance of prolonged duration suffered
      abdominal colic attacks and hematuria during the middle of the course of the
      disease. The patient was diagnosed as having urolithiasis caused by increased
      urinary calcium. The calcium metabolic disorder was not considered to be due to
      hyperparathyroidism because serum calcium and PTH levels were within the normal
      range and no abnormality was observed in a parathyroidal scintigraph. The serum
      1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) levels (55.0 and 73.0 pg/ml) were higher
      than the normal range (27.2-53.8 pg/ml). A selective adenomectomy by the
      transsphenoidal route (Hardy's method) was performed, resulting in an improvement
      in the hypercalciuria and urolithiasis, and a decrease in the levels of serum
      1,25-(OH)2D (23.0 and 23.0 pg/ml). These findings suggest that GH may promote the
      activation of vitamin D in the kidney in acromegaly, resulting in an acceleration
      of calcium absorption in the intestine through the action of activated vitamin D
      and the induction of increased urinary calcium excretion by the urinary excretion
      of excessive blood calcium.

PMID- 3841721
TI  - [Measurement of the transepithelial gastric potential difference induced by
      buffered acetylsalicylic acid. Effects of paracetamol and sucralfate].

PMID- 3841722
TI  - [Measurement of gastric transepithelial potential difference. Effect of
      provocative agents (aspirin, alcohol) and gastric dressings].

PMID- 3841723
TI  - Klebocine typing and antibiogram study of Klebsiella species.

PMID- 3841724
TI  - Analysis of chlorophenylmethylsulfides in the urine of rats injected with
      chlorobenzene by high performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3841725
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for an inhibin-like peptide from human seminal plasma.
AB  - Antisera raised in rabbits to a synthetic peptide consisting of 31 amino acids
      with a sequence identical to inhibin-like peptide (ILP) isolated from human
      seminal plasma afford a highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay. Synthetic
      ILP completely displaces antiserum binding of radioiodinated [Tyr4]-ILP, with
      half maximal displacement at 36 fmoles ILP/tube. ILP, [Tyr4]-ILP and ILP-(9-31)
      had essentially equal potency, while ILP-(1-25), ILP-(1-23) and ILP-(1-16) had
      reduced potency. No cross reactivity was found among a variety of peptide
      hormones and proteins. Human seminal plasma displaces 50% of [125I-Tyr4]-ILP at
      dilutions equivalent to 50-250 pl/tube, corresponding to immunoreactive ILP
      concentration of 0.5-2.5 mg/ml.

PMID- 3841726
TI  - Graves' disease with neutropenia and marked splenomegaly: autoimmune neutropenia
      due to propylthiouracil.
AB  - A 38-year-old man with Graves' disease taking propylthiouracil (PTU) for 6 years
      developed neutropenia and marked splenomegaly. After subtotal thyroidectomy with
      discontinuance of PTU the patient remained asymptomatic for the last two and half
      years. The serum obtained during the period of neutropenia demonstrated opsonic
      activity to neutrophils of the patient as well as of normal volunteers. This
      opsonic antineutrophil activity was located in the IgG fraction of the serum.
      Furthermore, PTU at the concentration (0.1-1.0 micrograms/ml) attainable in the
      patient's serum significantly stimulated [3H] thymidine incorporation in the
      patient's lymphocytes. These findings indicate that the patient developed
      autoimmune neutropenia by producing opsonic antineutrophil antibodies in
      association with the PTU therapy.

PMID- 3841727
TI  - Emergency department management of the sexual assault victim.
AB  - The optimal management of the sexual assault victim involves a multidisciplinary
      effort on the part of all legal, police, medical, and support personnel who
      interface in the emergency department. History, general physical examination, and
      pelvic examination are performed methodically, keeping in mind that the primary
      goal is to tend to the patient's medical needs. The gathering of evidence
      proceeds simultaneously with the physical examination. Evidence to be obtained
      and techniques are reviewed. Treatment entails attention to physical injuries,
      potential venereal disease and pregnancy, and psychiatric intervention.
      Management of the male rape victim or child victim of sexual abuse requires
      special attention to the peculiarities of those problems.

PMID- 3841728
TI  - Computerization of orthopaedic medical records.

PMID- 3841729
TI  - Determination of immunoreactive antiarrhythmic peptide (AAP) in rats.
AB  - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for antiarrhythmic peptide (AAP) has
      been developed, utilizing 3-(4-hydroxy, 5-[125I]iodophenyl)propionyl AAP and
      guinea pig anti-AAP serum. Synthetic AAP was used as a standard and the
      polyethylene glycol method was employed to separate free AAP from antibody-bound
      AAP. The minimum detectable dose of AAP was 0.2 pmol. In the assay system,
      immunoreactivity was shown not to be attributable to fragments derived from AAP,
      gelatin or collagen peptides, which sequences differ only by one amino acid from
      those of AAP. Immunoreactive (IR) AAP extracted from rat tissues and serum gave
      parallel dose-response curves to those of AAP. Thus, the AAP equivalents per g or
      ml of tissues measured in adult male rats were 203 pmol in heart, 166 pmol in
      kidney, 4 pmol in serum, and 2 to 6 pmol in the other tissues. IR-AAP was
      separated into two fractions by Sephadex G-25 chromatography. Fr. I was
      considered to have a larger molecular mass than AAP, while Fr. II appeared to
      have a molecular mass equal to AAP. Ratios of Fr. II in total IR-AAP were 50% in
      heart and 10% in kidney, while serum IR-AAP gave only Fr. II. The IR-AAP level in
      heart showed a positive correlation increase with age in rats.

PMID- 3841730
TI  - [Clinical review and antibacterial effect of aztreonam in infections in
      obstetrics and gynecology].
AB  - Clinical effect in obstetrics and gynecology was studied on aztreonam (AZT), a
      potent monobactam antibiotic for Gram-negative bacteria. AZT was tested for 7
      cases and effective for all of them with quite a high effective rate of 100%.
      Neither side effect nor abnormal laboratory findings were noted and it
      sufficiently proves the property of AZT, a totally chemical-synthesized product
      with lower incidence of allergic reaction. The above results suggest that AZT is
      useful for obstetrics and gynecologic infections in view of its high stability to
      beta-lactamase and dehydropeptidase and high potency against Gram-negative
      bacteria.

PMID- 3841731
TI  - [Uterine hemorrhage in newborn infants].
AB  - A follow-up was conducted on uterine haemorrhage in all female newborn infants at
      the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Novi Sad, in the period from 1
      January to 31 December 1979. Of the total of 2477 newborn female infants, 2241
      (90.47%) were at-term infants of which 85 (3.79%) had uterine haemorrhage, 126
      (5.09%) premature infants of which 1 (0.793) had uterine haemorrhage and 110
      (4.443) postmature infants of which 10 (9.09%) had uterine haemorrhage. General
      frequency of uterine haemorrhage was 3.87%.

PMID- 3841732
TI  - Anterior leprotic retinitis of trantas: a case report.

PMID- 3841733
TI  - C-terminal deletion analogs of a crustacean pigment-dispersing hormone.
AB  - This study deals with the effect of deamidation and C-terminal truncation on the
      potency of an octadecapeptide pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH: Asn-Ser-Gly-Met
      Ile-Asn-Ser-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ile-Pro-Arg-Val-Met-Thr-Glu-Ala- NH2), first described as
      light-adapting distal retinal pigment hormone (DRPH) from Pandalus borealis.
      Bioassay of synthetic analogs for melanophore pigment dispersion in destalked
      fiddler crabs (Uca pugilator) showed that deamidation causes a 300-fold decrease
      in potency. The analogs 1-17 NH2 and 1-16 NH2 were about 3 times more potent than
      1-18-OH. Further truncation led to decreases in potency, with the peptide 1-9-NH2
      being the smallest C-terminal deletion analog to display activity (0.001%
      potency). Smaller analogs (1-8-NH2, 1-6-NH2 and 1-4-NH2) were inactive when
      tested in doses as high as 500 nmoles/crab. On the basis of our earlier work on N
      terminal deletion analogs and the present findings the residues 6 to 9 seem to be
      important for PDH action.

PMID- 3841734
TI  - An immunoradiometric assay for the measurement of neuropeptide Y in plasma.
AB  - The development of an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for the direct measurement
      of neuropeptide Y (NPY) concentrations in plasma is reported. The assay employs
      simultaneous addition of 125I-labelled affinity purified sheep anti-(NPY 31-36)
      immunoglobulin (IgG) and a rabbit anti-NPY serum to 0.25 ml volumes of standard
      or unknown. After 16 hr incubation at 4 degrees C NPY-bound labelled IgG is
      precipitated using sheep anti-(rabbit IgG Fc region) IgG coupled to Dynospheres
      solid phase. Precipitated counts are proportional to the NPY concentration in
      samples. Using this methodology it is possible to measure basal levels in normal
      human subjects (range 1-5 fmol/ml). Technical difficulties encountered in raising
      "site-specific" antisera to NPY during the establishment of this assay are
      outlined.

PMID- 3841735
TI  - Paraventricular nucleus injections of peptide YY and neuropeptide Y
      preferentially enhance carbohydrate ingestion.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) injected into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is known to
      elicit a powerful feeding response in satiated, brain-cannulated rats. The
      present experiment investigates the effect of peptide YY (PYY), a structurally
      related peptide, on feeding behavior and, in addition, the effects of both PYY
      and NPY on the pattern of macronutrient selection. Injection of PYY directly into
      the PVN, in doses ranging from 7.8 to 235 pmol/0.3 microliters, caused a strong,
      dose-dependent stimulation of feeding behavior, as well as a small stimulation of
      drinking behavior, in satiated rats. The mean latency to eat was 9.3 min, with
      substantial feeding occurring within 30 min of the injection. At low doses, the
      increase in feeding was seen predominantly during the first hr. At the highest
      dose, in contrast, food intake continued to increase progressively over the next
      few hr. such that by 4 hr postinjection food intake was more than 20 g over
      vehicle baseline. In 1 hr tests with 3 pure macronutrient (protein, fat and
      carbohydrate) diets simultaneously available, PYY and NPY (78 pmol/0.3
      microliters) both elicited a strong and selective increase in carbohydrate
      consumption, with little or no effect on protein or fat consumption. These
      results suggest that hypothalamic receptors sensitive to PYY and NPY may
      participate in the control of carbohydrate consumption.

PMID- 3841736
TI  - Amphetamine-induced changes in immunoreactive NPY in rat brain, pineal gland and
      plasma.
AB  - Acute injection of d-amphetamine (10 mg/kg), administered to rats 60 minutes
      prior to sacrifice, induced a doubling of immunoreactive NPY (NPY-IR) in pineal
      gland. No changes, however, could be detected in levels of NPY-IR in grossly
      dissected or microdissected regions of rat brain, nor were changes evident in
      plasma level concentrations of NPY-IR following acute amphetamine pretreatment.
      When amphetamine was injected twice daily for six days and once more 60 minutes
      prior to sacrifice, levels of NPY-IR were decreased in caudate putamen and the
      paraventricular and dorsomedial nuclei of the hypothalamus, while concentrations
      of NPY-IR were increased in medial preoptic nucleus, pineal gland, and plasma.
      These data indicate that levels of NPY-IR are susceptible to manipulation by
      amphetamine, where the extent and direction of change (increase or decrease)
      depends on both the frequency of drug administration and the nature of the
      sampled tissue. Based on the effects of amphetamine on central and peripheral
      norepinephrine and epinephrine disposition observed in other studies, the data
      also suggest that NPY-IR and catecholamine dispositions are not directly
      correlated and may be inversely related in some tissue.

PMID- 3841737
TI  - Effect of simulated weightlessness and chronic 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
      administration on bone metabolism.

PMID- 3841738
TI  - [Regulation of eukaryotic transcription by RNA polymerase II stimulatory
      factors].

PMID- 3841739
TI  - [Pseudo-obstruction of the colon after cesarean section (Ogilvie's syndrome)].

PMID- 3841740
TI  - [Ontogeny of pulmonary surfactant].

PMID- 3841741
TI  - Human placenta mitochondrial aromatase--fact or artifact.
AB  - The suggestion has been made that the aromatase system from human placenta
      converting testosterone to estradiol-17 beta is localized to some extent in the
      mitochondrial fraction in addition to its microsomal origin. By comparing the
      characteristics of the "mitochondrial" aromatase with certain particularities of
      other mitochondrial or microsomal enzymes, especially those functioning in
      steroid hydroxylation, the conclusion has been reached that the mitochondrial and
      the microsomal aromatases are one and the same. Thus, in response to ultrasound
      treatment and in response to the addition of specific cofactors, the
      mitochondrial aromatase showed all the characteristics attributed to microsomal
      enzymes and was indistinguishable from the microsomal aromatase.

PMID- 3841742
TI  - [Morphology and pathogenesis of liver injury produced by dihydralazine ,
      propranolol and ketophenylbutazone].
AB  - Morphologically identical liver damage may be caused by dihydralazine (Depressan,
      Nepresol) and propranolol (Obsidan, Dociton). Among 24 patients with clinical
      manifestations of drug-induced hepatitis associated with Depressan or Obsidan
      treatment, liver biopsies in 15 showed drug hepatitic changes with confluent
      necrosis. In five of these cases this finding was combined with cholangiolitis,
      in four there was a drug-induced hepatopathy resembling the picture of viral
      hepatitis. In 20 cases of Ketazon-induced liver damage the biopsy demonstrated
      toxic hepatosis with or without cholestasis, reactive hepatitis or
      cholangiolitis. A drug-related hepatitis with central lobular necrosis was
      observed in one patient with Ketazon-induced liver damage. In 28 patients a
      lymphocyte proliferation test was undertaken to confirm a causal relationship
      between the use of either Depressan, Obsidan or Ketazon and the morphologically
      demonstrated liver damage. The test was positive in 25 cases (18 with Depressan,
      2 with Obsidan and 5 with Ketazon). In several uncertain cases, for example,
      exposure to both Depressan and Obsidan or to Ketazon and Rewodina, the
      morphologic picture could be attributed to a specific medication by the use of
      the lymphocyte proliferation test. The results of the lymphocyte proliferation
      test and the morphologic findings emphasize the role of cell-mediated immune
      reactions in the pathogenesis of liver damage from dihydralazine, propranolol,
      and ketophenylbutazone.

PMID- 3841743
TI  - [Chemical study on a traditional Tibetan drug Hypecoum leptocarpum].

PMID- 3841744
TI  - [Isolation and identification of wubangziside C from Polygala caudata Rehd et
      Wils].

PMID- 3841745
TI  - Longitudinal patterns in the development of the cerebellum.

PMID- 3841746
TI  - Management of inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. A combined modality approach.
AB  - From May 1973 to December 1981, 63 patients with inflammatory carcinoma of the
      breast were treated with a doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy regimen (FAC).
      After a median of three cycles of FAC, 41 patients received primary therapy with
      irradiation; more recently, 21 had mastectomy as primary therapy. One patient
      relapsed following a treatment delay and did not receive local therapy. Fourteen
      of 21 patients who underwent mastectomy had subsequent consolidation therapy with
      irradiation. At median follow-up of 60 months, median relapse-free survival (RFS)
      and survival were 24 and 43 months, respectively. The initial site of recurrence
      was locoregional in eight patients (20%). In addition, two of seven uncensored
      patients (18%) who suffered initial recurrence in the contralateral breast
      remained disease-free at 28 and 55 months with further surgery. While no
      locoregional recurrences were seen in the 14 mastectomy patients who completed
      comprehensive irradiation, no RFS nor survival advantage was noted for either
      initial local therapy. Sixteen patients with dermal lymphatic carcinomatosis and
      10 patients with negative skin biopsies had median RFS of 31 and 46 months,
      respectively (p = 0.45). Median RFS was 36 months in patients greater than or
      equal to 50 years of age and 19 months in patients less than 50 (p = 0.05).
      Response to FAC was the most significant predictor of RFS and survival. Patients
      who achieved complete or partial remission (PR) with induction FAC as compared to
      patients who achieved less than PR had median RFS of 31 vs. 19 months (p = 0.01)
      and median survivals of 60 vs. 27 months (p = 0.05), respectively. Categorization
      of patients according to clinical, mammographic, and pathologic criteria
      facilitated identification of potential long-term responders. With combined
      modality approach to inflammatory carcinoma of the breast, we can expect an
      estimated 31% of patients to be relapse-free at 5 years after treatment.

PMID- 3841747
TI  - [Use of the calculation of anthropometric values with microprocessors for
      nutritional diagnosis].
AB  - The purpose of this work was to determine the possibility of establishing the
      most accurate nutritional diagnosis based on anthropometric information in school
      boys and girls (6 to 14 years), from Madrid (Spain). To carry out this work two
      well-trained anthropometrists obtained data of total and kneeling height,
      cephalic and thoracic circumference, and weight from an aleatory sample of 333
      boys and girls who study at a national school in Madrid. The collected data
      presented and analyzed, served as a basis to calculate the fitting equations of
      each anthropometric variable according to age and sex, as well as some relation
      among them. Their use simplifies the obtention of the biometric reference values,
      and allows precise interpolations for concrete ages. All of these algorithms have
      been translated into BASIC sentences to facilitate its incorporation into any
      microprocessor. A first diagnostic pattern of the past and present nutritional
      history of children according to their age and sex, total and kneeling height and
      weight of each one of them is also presented. The BASIC program, necessary to
      incorporate it into computers, is included as well.

PMID- 3841748
TI  - The use of ivermectin to cleanse tick infested cattle.

PMID- 3841749
TI  - Drug and environmentally induced manipulations of the opiate and serotonergic
      systems alter nociception in neonatal rat pups.
AB  - The influence of drug- and environmentally induced alterations in serotonergic
      and opiate activity on pain sensitivity was assessed in 6-day-old Sprague-Dawley
      derived rat pups using tail flick-testing procedures. The opiate agonist morphine
      was observed to induce tail flick analgesia that was blocked by concurrent
      administration of the opiate antagonist naloxone. Similarly, the serotonergic
      agonist quipazine induced analgesia that was blocked by pretreatment with the
      serotonergic antagonist metergoline. Naloxone alone did not alter tail flick
      responsivity in non-isolated, nondeprived neonates, suggesting that the opiate
      system may not exert a significant tonic inhibition of pain sensitivity in
      neonates. In contrast, the serotonergic system may exert some tonic analgesic
      influence at this age, given that metergoline was observed to induce slight
      hyperalgesia in nondeprived, non-isolated neonates. Twenty four hours of food and
      maternal deprivation, shown previously to increase brain serotonin and 5
      hydroxyindole acetic acid and their ratio in neonates (L. P. Spear & F. M.
      Scalzo, 1984, Developmental Brain Research, in press) was observed to induce tail
      flick analgesia, an effect blocked by metergoline. Isolation from siblings and
      the dam and nest for 30 min also induced tail flick analgesia; this analgesia was
      blocked by treatment with naloxone prior to testing. Together, these experiments
      support the suggestion that the serotonergic and opiate systems may regulate pain
      sensitivity even in neonatal rat pups, with agonist- or environmentally
      precipitated increases in serotonergic or opiate activity inducing significant
      analgesia during the early postnatal period.

PMID- 3841751
TI  - [Use of a microcomputer for the surgical planning of strabismus. I. Exotropia].

PMID- 3841750
TI  - The epidemiology of cervical neoplasia.
AB  - Controversial topics in the epidemiology of cervical neoplasia are reviewed, in
      the light of data from studies conducted in Italy and indications from the
      literature. The downward trends registered over the last three decades in
      mortality from cervical cancer seem to be levelling off in the younger age groups
      (below age 45). This may be partly due to changes in sexual habits in younger
      women, but is certainly attributable to deficiencies in cervical screening. Pap
      smear, in fact, strongly reduces the risk of cervical neoplasia, the protection
      (as suggested by data from a case control study), being long lasting (over five
      years and perhaps around 10-15 years) for invasive cancers. The results of the
      same case-control study indicate that, although women with pre-invasive and
      invasive conditions seem to share several unspecific indicators of sexual habits
      (i.e., total number of partners and age at first intercourse), they appear to
      differ with regard to clinical history of specific venereal disease. In fact,
      genital warts, herpes genitalis and trichomoniasis were more frequent in cases of
      intraepithelial neoplasia, but not of invasive cancer. The implications of these
      findings, and of other controversial points in the epidemiology of cervical
      neoplasia, such as oral contraceptives, cigarette smoking and diet, are discussed
      with regard to indications from other disciplines (chiefly molecular
      hybridization and stochastic models of carcinogenesis).

PMID- 3841752
TI  - Hashimoto's thyroiditis and carcinoma of the thyroid gland.
AB  - Seven cases of Hashimoto's disease (HT) occurring in association with carcinoma
      of the thyroid gland are presented. The diagnosis of HT was not reached before
      surgery in any of the cases; it was an incidental histopathological finding.
      There was no case of pure papillary cancer: two specimens showed mixed papillary
      and follicular cancers, four revealed follicular carcinomas (one of them with
      anaplastic areas) and one medullary neoplasm. Other authors, however, have
      reported that pure papillary carcinoma occurred with significantly greater
      frequency in thyroids also displaying Hashimoto's disease. Total thyroidectomy
      was performed in all seven patients and one patient with anaplastic follicular
      cancer also received external irradiation. TSH suppressive therapy was given
      postoperatively. All these patients are alive with no evidence of further disease
      after seven to 17 years of follow-up study, whereas the mortality in our total
      series of thyroid cancers, even in patients with low-grade malignancy, was about
      9%. Thus the prognosis of patients with carcinoma of the thyroid gland with
      coexisting Hashimoto's disease is better than that of patients with carcinoma of
      the thyroid gland alone. Hashimoto's thyroiditis does not seem to be a
      premalignant lesion. There was no evidence suggesting that thyroid carcinoma
      originated in the proliferating epithelium of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. It would
      appear that thyroid carcinoma stimulates the development of HT in some patients
      and that the presence of the autoimmune inflammatory reaction and the circulating
      antibodies retard growth and dissemination of carcinoma of the thyroid gland.

PMID- 3841753
TI  - Paediatric anaesthetic management with the aid of a computer.
AB  - A computer program has been developed to assist in the preparation of proper drug
      and anaesthetic doses for children. An individualized reference sheet containing
      the doses of the more commonly used drugs for the induction and maintenance of
      anaesthesia, fluid requirements, blood volume information, ventilatory variables,
      estimated endotracheal tube sizes and emergency drug doses constitutes the output
      of this program. The importance of such a computer program in improving
      paediatric anaesthetic management is discussed.

PMID- 3841754
TI  - Monitoring hypoxia.
AB  - The use of extensive monitoring approaches in patients with various forms of
      hypoxic disease has flourished extensively during the past decade. When coupled
      to advanced computer technology, the capacity for generation and storage of data
      has increased enormously. In addition to clinicians and biomedical scientists,
      the field has attracted engineers and computer scientists. Most of these
      developments have occurred without adequate evaluation of the impact of these
      efforts on the safety and effectiveness of patient management. Moreover this
      expansion has occurred without a predesigned structural format for either
      evaluation or for quality control of the various monitoring modalities. Two basic
      assumptions are widely accepted: 1) That massive data collection is automatically
      useful; and 2) Monitoring coupled to computerization necessarily leads to better
      outcome for patients. This paper will challenge both of these assumptions by
      providing an analysis of monitoring generally with special emphasis on hypoxia.
      In addition it will describe some current developments in the monitoring of
      hypoxia.

PMID- 3841755
TI  - A personal computer system for testing gas exchange, heart, lungs, ventilatory
      pump.
AB  - This paper reports the development of a computer system for testing gas exchange
      and lung function in the ICU. The essence of the system is a software package
      that uses an IBM personal computer for data processing and analysis. Front end
      hardware is modular, as is software, so that portions or all of the system can be
      used. The system provides measurements of lung mechanics work, functional
      residual volume, spirometry, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, lung water,
      blood gas interpretation, hemodynamics. Reports are provided by standard data
      base manager and so are easily customized.

PMID- 3841756
TI  - Microcomputer database software for medical information management.
AB  - Commercial software intended primarily for business applications may be used for
      medical information management. An inexpensive database may be established
      quickly and independently by busy clinicians working with limited resources.
      Desirable software features are discussed. A summary of 14 commercial data
      handling program packages is given.

PMID- 3841757
TI  - A model for red cell O2 uptake.
AB  - A computer model for red cell O2 uptake in the pulmonary capillary circulation is
      described. New features include the effect of hematocrit on blood viscosity and
      cardiac output and the precise modeling of the hemoglobin-O2 saturation curve as
      it varies with pH, the 2,3-DPG/Hb molar ratio, and PCO2 during oxygenation. The
      model is useful in the integration of many interacting physiologic variables that
      regulate O2 transport.

PMID- 3841758
TI  - Simulation of oxygen delivery to tissues: the role of the hemoglobin oxygen
      equilibrium curve at altitude.
AB  - A simplified model is described to estimate the oxygen delivery to tissues as a
      function of oxygen uptake, gas exchange ratio, 2,3-DPG/Hb concentration ratio,
      arterial and venous PO2, PCO2 and pH. Due to the complexity of the oxygen
      delivery system, the aim of this model is to predict relative changes of the
      oxygen delivery to tissues induced by changes of the other variables, rather than
      to yield absolute values. In this work, the importance of the observed shifts of
      the hemoglobin oxygen equilibrium curve at altitude is evaluated in terms of the
      efficiency of the oxygen transport system. It will be shown that a rightward
      shift of the oxygen equilibrium curve is beneficial up to 5400 m.a.s.l., while
      for higher altitudes such shifts lead to less efficient oxygen delivery to
      tissues.

PMID- 3841759
TI  - Intestinal radiocalcium transport versus urinary calcium excretion in long-term
      1,25(OH)2D3 treatment.

PMID- 3841760
TI  - Concentrically arranged endoplasmic reticulum containing some lamellae (bar-like
      structure) in alveolar type II cells of rat lung.
AB  - We examined in vivo the effect of pilocarpine (a cholinergic agent) and
      cycloheximide (an inhibitor of protein synthesis) on the "bar-like structures" in
      alveolar type II cells of rat lung to clarify their origin and significance in
      pulmonary surfactant production and secretion. Lungs were examined with an
      electron microscope using ultrathin sectioning, freeze-fracture technique, and
      morphometry. The bar-like structures in type II cells consisted of a
      concentrically arranged endoplasmic reticulum containing some amount of
      osmiophilic periodic material similar to the lamellae of lamellar bodies.
      Pilocarpine induced the accumulation of lamellar bodies of normal size which
      paralleled the increase in the number of bar-like structures in the cytoplasm of
      the type II cells. Cycloheximide induced a decrease in size of the lamellar
      bodies and an enlargement of the bar-like structures. Our morphological findings
      suggest that: The phospholipid that would normally be incorporated into the
      lamellar bodies might be sequestered instead in the concentrically arranged
      endoplasmic reticulum, forming the bar-like structures, and The enlargement and
      the increased number of bar-like structures may be responsible in part for the
      changed metabolic process of surfactant production by alveolar type II cells.

PMID- 3841761
TI  - Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study: programmed data entry and automated
      test systems.
AB  - The automated laboratory systems described in this paper were developed for use
      at the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) and each of five
      collaborating laboratories. These laboratories participated in a study designed
      to evaluate the intra- and interlaboratory reliability and sensitivity of several
      behavioral test methods used in developmental toxicity studies. This paper
      describes two microcomputer systems. System I was designed to control stimulus
      delivery to and record behavioral responses from rats during a visual
      discrimination learning task and to accept data from physical landmark, negative
      geotaxis, and olfactory discrimination evaluations. The microprocessor system was
      an S-100 bus, Z-80 processor with 8K PROM, 16K RAM, nine 8-bit parallel I/O
      ports, and one serial I/O port. For discrimination learning, the animal testing
      apparatus consisted of six operant chambers, equipped with two stimulus lights,
      two nose-poke apertures each containing a phototransmitter and receiver, an
      electromechanical liquid dispenser unit, and a reward bowl also containing a
      photodiode. Each chamber was interfaced with the microprocessor at a parallel I/O
      port which permitted the delivery of response- or time-contingent control signals
      for the lights and liquid dispenser units. System II controlled stimulus delivery
      and recorded behavioral responses from rats during an auditory startle
      habituation task, and also recorded rodent activity levels in figure 8 mazes for
      periods of 1, 4, or 23 hours. The microprocessor system was an S-100 bus, Z-80
      processor with 8K PROM, 16K RAM, nine parallel I/O ports, an analog to digital
      (A/D) I/O board, and one serial I/O port.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3841762
TI  - Splenic growth rates in cirrhotic and other splenomegalic diseases of childhood.
AB  - The weights of the spleens of series of patients with various disorders of
      children dating from birth or early infancy and causing splenomegaly, with or
      without cirrhosis of the liver, were analyzed. The linear regression equation for
      spleen weight versus age in months for each disease was derived, and the rate
      constants from these equations were adjusted for the age range of the patients in
      each group. The original data of Coppoletta and Wolbach were used for normal
      values. The rates of splenic growth of appropriate entities for which the
      regression equation could be computed fell into three groups, with adjusted rate
      constants (growth of spleen in grams per month) of 6.53-6.95 (biliary atresia,
      thalassemia, and cirrhosis following neonatal hepatitis), 2.30-2.62 (cirrhosis of
      alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, infantile polycystic disease, and spherocytosis),
      and 1.06-1.11 (cystic fibrosis and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura). These
      classes of splenic growth rates are approximately 10, 3.7, and 1.6 times the
      normal growth rate (0.67 g/mo). Rate constants could not be computed for the
      categories cirrhosis following viral hepatitis and hemolytic anemia other than
      spherocytosis and sickle cell anemia, and the numbers of patients with splenic
      vein obstruction, cirrhosis with the cholestatic syndrome of parenteral
      alimentation, hypoplastic anemia with hemosiderosis, tyrosinemia, Byler's
      disease, congenital hepatic fibrosis, and Wilson's disease were too few for
      analysis. The significance of the finding of classes or "quantum groups" of
      splenic growth rates in disorders of children, dating from birth or early infancy
      and causing splenomegaly, is uncertain. Comparable data on adequate series of
      patients with other appropriate disorders will be necessary.

PMID- 3841763
TI  - Cis-platinum-adriamycin-cyclophosphamide in the treatment of advanced-recurrent
      cervical cancer.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with advanced or recurrent cancer of the cervix treated with
      cis-platinum, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide were evaluated. Nine of 22 (41%
      achieved objective response (2 CR + 7PR), 9/22 (41%) stable disease, 4/22 (18%)
      progressive disease. The mean duration of response was 24.6 weeks, with a range
      of 18-28 weeks. Patients with poorly differentiated histologic grade and without
      previous treatment had better response rates. Responders had longer survival
      (mean 63.5 + weeks) than nonresponders (mean 30.5 weeks). Commonly encountered
      toxicities were alopecia, nausea and vomiting, and leucopenia, which were all
      tolerable.

PMID- 3841764
TI  - [Hodgkin's lymphoma in children: results of treatment with the MOPP protocol and
      a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy].

PMID- 3841765
TI  - In vitro studies using ion exchange resins as potential phosphate binders for
      renal failure patients.
AB  - The uptake of phosphate [expressed as phosphorus (P)] by the anion exchange
      resins, Dowex 1-X8, Dowex SBR, and Bio-Rex 5, aluminum hydroxide, and sucralfate
      tablets was evaluated. The maximum uptake capacities (in mg P per gram of "wet"
      resin or solid) were 56, 49, and 84 mg for Dowex SBR, Dowex 1-X8, and Bio-Rex 5
      resins, respectively, and 164-168 mg for aluminum hydroxide and sucralfate. At a
      concentration of P considered to approximate that encountered in the stomach (0.3
      mg/ml), Bio-Rex 5 resin, aluminum hydroxide, and sucralfate bound similar amounts
      of P. Physiologic concentrations of bicarbonate or chloride and simulated gastric
      or intestinal fluids caused small changes in P uptake by Bio-Rex 5 resin. The
      resins bound large quantities of taurocholic (TA) and glycocholic (GA) acids.
      However, when Bio-Rex 5 was converted to the taurocholate form, it bound the same
      amount of P as the original chloride-form resin, and the binding of TA was
      prevented.

PMID- 3841766
TI  - [The structure determination of a new alkaloid nauclefiline in Nauclea
      officinalis].

PMID- 3841767
TI  - [Isolation and identification of three new alkaloids from the roots of Alstonia
      yunnanensis Diels Indiana, USA].

PMID- 3841768
TI  - [Structures of spirasine IV, spirasine IX and spirasine XI, three new diterpene
      alkaloids from Spiraea japonica L. f. var. fortunei (phanchon) Rehd].

PMID- 3841769
TI  - [Separation and identification of N-demethylvancomycin].

PMID- 3841770
TI  - Mycotic aneurysm of thoracic aorta as a cause of haemoptysis. Role of dynamic CT
      scanning.

PMID- 3841771
TI  - [Computerized analysis of heart electric signals during the exertion test].

PMID- 3841772
TI  - Cytopathology of follicular lesions of the thyroid gland.
AB  - Fine needle biopsy is generally considered unreliable in the differential
      diagnosis of follicular lesions of the thyroid gland. To test this hypothesis, we
      correlated fine needle biopsy diagnoses with surgical diagnoses in 379 follicular
      lesions. From nuclear characteristics (especially size) and the architectural
      pattern of tissue fragments, the following observations were made.
      Differentiation of goiters (including hyperplastic ones) from neoplastic thyroid
      disease is quite accurate and no more than 1 to 2% of cancers should be missed.
      The specific cytologic diagnosis of follicular carcinoma is 75% accurate, and
      that of follicular variant of papillary carcinoma is over 95% accurate. Of
      histologically proved follicular carcinomas, almost three-quarters should be
      diagnosed as such or strongly suspected by fine needle biopsy. The remainder will
      be identified as cellular follicular adenomas, reaffirming the overlap of
      cytologic features of benign and malignant neoplastic disease. From cytologic and
      surgical pathologic data for each fine needle biopsy diagnosis of follicular
      lesion, a probability of cancer can be stated that is useful in management
      decisions.

PMID- 3841773
TI  - Computerized assessment of self-monitored blood glucose results using a
      Glucometer reflectance photometer with memory and microcomputer.
AB  - A microcomputer software package to receive, analyse, and present blood
      glucose/time information has been developed. Data input is accomplished
      automatically via interface to Glucometer reflectance photometer instruments
      which have been specially modified to retain glucose/time results by addition of
      a clock and electronic memory. This new development in self-monitoring of blood
      glucose (SMBG) has a number of advantages. It allows the rapid and meaningful
      analysis of large quantities of patient generated data to assess short- and long
      term trends in BG patterns, and eliminates the tedium and possible errors of
      manual graphing. Patients were most interested in the positive feedback provided.
      The system has considerable potential in patient diabetes education and
      management.

PMID- 3841774
TI  - The normal range of the plasma immunoreactive glucagon level during a 75 g oral
      glucose tolerance test.
AB  - In order to establish a normal value of plasma glucagon immunoreactivity (GI) and
      glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) during a newly adopted 75 g OGTT, 50 normals
      (N), 102 individuals with IGT and 20 diabetics (D) were subjected to the OGTT,
      and their plasma GI and GLI levels were determined at various intervals by
      radioimmunoassay using 2 kinds of the C-terminal region specific antibody, OAL123
      and 30K, and of the antibody specific for the N-terminal and/or central region of
      glucagon, OAL196, respectively. The basal levels of OAL123-GI and 30K-GI and
      OAL196-GLI in the 3 groups were as follows; N, 114.3, 80.8, and 335.5; IGT,
      107.6, 76.1, and 338.5; and D, 135.7, 76.9, and 342.2 pg/ml. After glucose
      administration, a significant decrease in plasma GI and increase in plasma GLI
      were observed in the 3 groups, although their changes from the basal levels were
      variable. The plasma samples of inexplicably high GI concentration were
      chromatographed to clarify the nature of the hyperglucagonemia. The apparent GI
      was mostly eluted in the Vo component, but negligibly at the 3500 mol.wt.
      glucagon fraction. There was a marked difference in the Vo peak depending upon
      the antiserum used. These facts suggest that plasma GI values are dependent on
      the amount of BPG present in particular samples, and the antibody used.

PMID- 3841775
TI  - Use of antisecretory drugs for gastroprotection during antiblastic chemotherapy.
AB  - Both prednisone and cytostatic drugs have an ulcerogenic effect on digestive
      mucosa. The protective action of the antisecretory drugs pirenzepine and
      ranitidine are compared against gastroduodenal lesions induced by antiblastic
      therapy. Twenty patients affected with lymphoproliferative disorders were
      endoscopically examined: none of them suffered from gastric or duodenal peptic
      ulcers or erosions. Ten out of the 20 patients received pirenzepine 100
      mg/die/p.o. and the other 10 received ranitidine 300 mg/die/p.o. The study was
      performed according to a double-blind, randomized sequence. The antisecretory
      medication was administered together with antitumoral therapy for periods of 3-6
      months. Four patients died of haematological complications before the course of
      treatment was completed. A further endoscopic examination was performed at the
      end of treatment: no patient showed evidence of gastric or duodenal peptic ulcers
      or erosions. Among the pirenzepine-treated cases, 1 out of the 7 evaluable
      patients showed a histological worsening of a pre-existing gastritis, while a
      slight duodenitis was observed in 1 out of the 9 ranitidine-treated patients. The
      comparable effectiveness of the two drugs is probably related to their
      antisecretory action, but cytoprotective mechanisms cannot be excluded.

PMID- 3841776
TI  - Principles of gerontology for osteopathic medical students.

PMID- 3841777
TI  - A computerised experimental file.
AB  - A commercially available program which integrates word processing, spreadsheet,
      data base, and graph facilities, is used on a microcomputer to write a proforma
      for an experimental file. The proforma file contains empty forms for all
      envisaged documentation collected during the experiment's duration. This includes
      an outline protocol, cost estimate, literature search, detailed protocol, data
      collection forms, project account, and final report. The program allows linking
      of spreadsheets, thus for instance enabling date and time information entered on
      the daily log of events to be automatically transferred to the labour cost form.
      Introduction of this concept has greatly reduced the amount of time spent on
      research documentation and the risk of data adulteration through repeated
      transcription. It has also improved control over research expenses and
      standardization of trial document formats.

PMID- 3841778
TI  - Interaction of tryptophan with lecithin liposomes: NMR and turbidity studies.
AB  - A study on the interactions between tryptophan (Trp) and dipalmitoylphosphatidyl
      choline (DPPC) liposomes conducted with the NMR technique and taking turbidity
      measurements is reported. Trp is shown to be incorporated into the bilayer only
      when interaction occurs above gel-liquid transition. Disappearance of turbidity
      changes at the phase transition temperatures are shown to occur with Trp
      incorporation. 1H and 13C NMR relaxation times T1 of DPPC are seen to be reduced.
      Acyl chain signal intensity is shown to decrease and the corresponding line-width
      to increase as a function of Trp concentration. DPPC 31P [1H] Nuclear Overhauser
      Effect (NOE) is depressed by the presence of Trp above gel-liquid transition
      temperature whereas NOE remains high below phase transition temperature when Trp
      is present in the bilayer. Effects are shown to be the same in both H2O and in
      2H2O. A membrane modification that may account for the previously observed
      inhibition of polysaccharide induced cell aggregation is hypothesized.

PMID- 3841779
TI  - Tobacco smoking and the pulmonary surfactant system.
AB  - To explain enhanced retention of water insoluble gases and water insoluble
      particulate matter (tar)when smoke is inhaled we propose that these compounds
      interact physically with phospholipids forming the mono-molecular layer of
      surfactant lining the alveolar epithelium. This would account for the alteration
      in surface tension lowering properties of surfactant when exposed to whole smoke
      but not gas phase. Also it explains the observed reversible reduction in 'free'
      surfactant as opposed to cellular contained surfactant in smokers. Surfactant
      levels improve rapidly on abstinence from smoking and the time course of this
      improvement follows closely the reduction in alveolar epithelial permeability to
      a small hydrophilic molecule of diethylene triamine penta acetate (DTPA) and the
      improvement in homogeneity of ventilation as measured by the slope of alveolar
      washout (a measure of elusta properties of the peripheral airspaces of the
      lungs).

PMID- 3841780
TI  - Congenital protein C deficiency.

PMID- 3841781
TI  - Gene analysis in thalassemia: molecular defects of delta beta- and beta
      thalassemias.

PMID- 3841782
TI  - Other hereditary hemolytic anemias: with special reference to
      erythroenzymopathies.

PMID- 3841783
TI  - [The shape factor of the human skull in the vertical norm].

PMID- 3841784
TI  - [Method for calculation in personal computers of expected values of
      anthropometric variables on body composition].
AB  - A program to incorporate in any personal computer (microprocessor) with BASIC
      language, is herein proposed. This enables calculation of the expected values (50
      percentile), and the range of "allowable" variables (3 and 97 percentiles) of the
      bicipital, tricipital and subscapular cutaneous skinfold thickness, and of the
      arm's circumference in 6 to 14-year-old boys and girls. It is easily modifiable
      so as to apply it to other population sectors, and also makes an anthropometric
      diagnosis. The program facilitates the handling and interpretation of some
      current biometric variables related to body composition, which are necessary for
      the full analysis of the actual nutritional status, both of individuals and of
      population groups.

PMID- 3841785
TI  - [In vivo digitized 3-dimensional anatomy: a recent advance].

PMID- 3841786
TI  - [Pulsed YAG lasers with a variable convergence-divergence angle].

PMID- 3841787
TI  - [The YAG laser and treatment of glaucoma. Experimental study and practical
      indications].

PMID- 3841788
TI  - [In vitro YAG-laser trabeculotomy. Anatomo-pathological study].

PMID- 3841789
TI  - Comparative in vitro and in vivo activity of cefminox (MT-141), cefotaxime and
      cefoperazone against gram-negative bacteria.
AB  - Against 17 Gram-negative bacteria, excluding Proteus species, the difference
      between cefminox and cefotaxime was significant in terms of MIC distribution, in
      favour of cefotaxime, but was not significant in terms of ED50 distribution.
      Against 22 Proteus species, the difference between cefminox and cefotaxime was
      not significant in terms of MIC distribution, but was significant for ED50
      distribution, in favour of cefminox. The difference between cefminox and
      cefoperazone was not significant for either MIC or ED50 distribution against 17
      Gram-negative bacteria, but was significant against 22 Proteus species, in favour
      of cefminox. The distribution of rank of the ED50/MIC ratios for cefminox was
      significantly lower than those for cefotaxime and cefoperazone, indicating that
      cefminox showed lower ED50 values than expected from the MIC values.

PMID- 3841790
TI  - Plasma and synovial fluid concentrations of isoxicam in meniscectomized patients.
AB  - Concentrations of isoxicam in the plasma and synovial fluid of 7 patients were
      investigated by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography. The samples were
      collected after 7 days' treatment with a single 200 mg isoxicam capsule taken
      each morning. A highly significant correlation was found (r = 0.82; p less than
      0.05) between isoxicam concentrations in the plasma and in the synovial fluid.
      The mean concentration (+/- s.d.) was 25.54 +/- 10.91 micrograms/ml in the plasma
      and 17.47 +/- 6.54 micrograms/ml in the synovial fluid; the ratio between
      isoxicam concentrations in the synovial fluid and in the plasma was 71.06% +/-
      18.83.

PMID- 3841791
TI  - The Caenorhabditis elegans vitellogenin gene family includes a gene encoding a
      distantly related protein.
AB  - While the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is more primitive than most egg-laying
      organisms, it's vitellogenins, or yolk protein precursors, appear to be more
      complex. C. elegans oocytes accumulate two major classes of yolk proteins. The
      first consists of two polypeptides with an Mr of about 170,000 (yp170A and
      yp170B) encoded by a family of five closely related genes called vit-1 through
      vit-5. The second class consists of two smaller proteins with Mr values of
      115,000 (yp115) and 88,000 (yp88) which are cut from a single precursor. Here we
      report the cloning and analysis of a single-copy gene (vit-6) that encodes this
      precursor. The lengths of the gene and its mRNA are about 5 X 10(3) base pairs.
      Like vit-1 through vit-5, vit-6 is expressed exclusively in adult hermaphrodites.
      Comparison of portions of the coding sequence indicates that vit-6 is distantly
      related to the vit-1 through vit-5 gene family. Thus, even though the two classes
      of yolk proteins are antigenically and physically distinct, they are encoded by a
      single highly diverged gene family.

PMID- 3841792
TI  - Dependence of liver-specific transcription on tissue organization.
AB  - When the liver is disaggregated and hepatocytes are cultured as a cellular
      monolayer for 24 h, a sharp decline (80 to 99% decrease) in the transcription of
      most liver-specific mRNAs, but not common mRNAs, occurs (Clayton and Darnell,
      Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:1552-1561, 1983). A wide variety of culture conditions
      involving various hormones and substrates and cocultivation with other cells
      failed to sustain high rates of liver-specific mRNA synthesis in cultured
      hepatocytes, although they continued to synthesize common mRNAs at normal or
      elevated rates. In contrast, when slices of intact mouse liver tissue were placed
      in culture, the transcription of liver-specific genes was maintained at high
      levels (20 to 100% of normal liver). Furthermore, we found that cells in the
      liver could be disengaged and immediately reengaged in a tissue-like structure by
      perfusing the liver with EDTA followed by serum-containing culture medium. Slices
      of reengaged liver continued to transcribe tissue-specific mRNA sequences at
      significantly higher rates after 24 h in culture than did individual cells
      isolated by EDTA perfusion followed by culturing as a monolayer. Therefore we
      conclude that a mature tissue structure plays an important role in the
      maintenance of maximum tissue-specific transcription in liver cells.

PMID- 3841793
TI  - Liver-specific RNA metabolism in hepatoma cells: variations in transcription
      rates and mRNA levels.
AB  - The transcription rate and abundance of several liver-specific mRNAs as well as
      mRNAs common to many cell types were compared in a series of rodent hepatoma cell
      lines, normal liver cells, and primary hepatocyte cultures. The rat hepatoma cell
      line, Fao, which displays a liver-specific phenotype, contained eight of eight
      liver-specific mRNAs examined. However, the transcription rates of most liver
      specific mRNAs were found to be low (1 to 30%) compared with normal liver in this
      and other differentiated cell lines. This low rate is similar to the
      transcription rates of liver-specific mRNA sequences measured in primary cultures
      of hepatocytes. Several variant cell lines that had lost differentiated traits
      contained few or none of the liver-specific mRNAs; clonal descendents which had
      regained differentiated function regained the tissue-specific mRNAs as a group,
      but at various concentrations. Because all of the changes observed in mRNA levels
      were not accompanied by parallel changes in transcription of the same sequences,
      differential posttranscriptional stabilization of the liver-specific mRNAs must
      also occur in the different cell lines. These results qualify the utility of
      cultured cell lines in the study of tissue-specific transcriptional control, but
      raise the possibility that posttranscriptional mechanisms act in cooperation with
      transcriptional controls to bring the level of tissue-specific mRNAs closer to
      those found in liver cells.

PMID- 3841795
TI  - [Bronchial hyperreactivity. III. Clinical manifestations].
AB  - Bronchial hyperreactivity is a common report in several respiratory tract
      diseases such as bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and cystic fibrosis. Atopic
      patients and children who suffered lung diseases in early life
      (laryngotracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia) may have
      also persistent abnormalities in pulmonary function that frequently include
      bronchial hyperreactivity. A review of the actual literature, specially
      concerning with the clinical aspects of bronchial hyperreactivity in children and
      with the possible etiopathogenetic mechanism is presented.

PMID- 3841796
TI  - Development of an animal model of alcohol dependence.

PMID- 3841794
TI  - Differential regulation of trypsinogen mRNA translation: full-length mRNA
      sequences encoding two oppositely charged trypsinogen isoenzymes in the dog
      pancreas.
AB  - In the absence of changes in functional mRNA levels, stimulation of the pancreas
      with caerulein, a peptide analog of cholecystokinin, has been previously shown to
      increase the synthesis of anionic but not cationic trypsinogen. To look for
      structure-function correlations, a high-yield, full-length cDNA library has been
      constructed from canine pancreatic poly(A)+ mRNA. Full-length clones coding for
      the two major trypsinogen isoenzyme forms have been identified by colony
      hybridization and verified by in vitro translation of hybrid-selected mRNA in the
      presence of microsomal membranes and an optimal redox potential. Disulfide-bonded
      translation products were separated and identified by two-dimensional isoelectric
      focusing-sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. Nucleotide sequence analysis
      allowed us to deduce the amino acid sequences for the anionic and cationic forms
      of canine trypsinogen, which contain 232 and 231 residues, respectively (77%
      amino acid identity), and the 15-residue amino terminal signal sequences (53%
      amino acid identity) associated with the two presecretory forms. Measurements of
      relative and absolute mRNA levels, when related to relative protein synthesis
      values, indicated that the translational efficiency of anionic trypsinogen mRNA
      exceeded that of cationic trypsinogen mRNA by 1.5- to 2.9-fold under basal
      conditions. Analysis of the 5' noncoding regions of trypsinogen mRNAs revealed a
      striking conservation of sequence (10 of 12 bases) between dog and rat anionic
      trypsinogen forms. This contrasted markedly with the divergence of the 5'
      noncoding regions observed between dog anionic and cationic trypsinogen mRNAs.

PMID- 3841797
TI  - [Symposium: New therapeutic perspectives: autoimmunity in endocrinology].

PMID- 3841798
TI  - [Pulsed Yag lasers in ophthalmology: theory and description].

PMID- 3841799
TI  - Spinal versus intraventricular chronic opiate administration with implantable
      drug delivery devices for cancer pain.
AB  - Early publications have separately reported the efficacy, specificity and
      conservative character of direct spinal and intraventricular morphine analgesia
      in the treatment of intractable cancer pain. The objectives of this study are to
      compare efficacy and safety of these sites of local administration in order to
      determine the indication for each, the clinical effects of different opiates and
      the choice of various drug administration devices.

PMID- 3841800
TI  - Therapeutic approach to the Pancoast pain syndrome.
AB  - The incidence of the Pancoast syndrome ranges from 2 to 5% of patients with lung
      cancer. We treated 20 cases between 1979 and 1984 with 29 procedures including
      percutaneous cordotomy, selective posterior radiculotomy, decompressive
      laminectomy, central administration of opiates, and TENS. Selective posterior
      radiculotomy gave the best pain relief.

PMID- 3841801
TI  - Pathology of thyroid disorders.

PMID- 3841802
TI  - The role of alveolar surfactant in the development of high altitude pulmonary
      oedema.

PMID- 3841803
TI  - Variable persistence of the contagious equine metritis organism in the genital
      tract of CBA/J, CBA/N, LAF1/J, BALB/c and congenitally thymus-deficient (nude)
      mice.
AB  - Five inbred strains of mice, CBA/J, CBA/N, LAF1, BALB/c and congenitally thymus
      deficient nude mice of BALB/c background, varied considerably in their
      susceptibility to the contagious equine metritis organism (CEMO). Whereas all the
      strains were virtually refractive to vaginal challenge, LAF1 and CBA/N mice were
      readily infected by intra-uterine inoculation. Based on infection rate and nature
      of the bacteriological response, CBA/N mice appeared the more susceptible of the
      2 strains. Attempts to transmit CEMO to thymus-deficient nude mice were
      unsuccessful by both of these routes of challenge and by intraperitoneal
      inoculation, indicating that host resistance to the causal agent is independent
      of thymus-mediated immune phenomena. No clinical evidence of infection was
      observed in any of the experimentally infected mice. Although persistence of CEMO
      in the female reproductive tract varied widely, it could be isolated from some of
      the CBA/N mice for as long as 19 weeks after challenge by the intra-uterine
      route. The organism was cultured from the ovaries and/or oviducts of a high
      percentage of one group of CBA/N mice after 50 days, when it could no longer be
      recovered from the remainder of the genital tract. Limited attempts to achieve
      venereal transmission of CEMO between culture-positive female and companion male
      CBA/N mice were unsuccessful. The relative susceptibility of the CBA/N strain of
      mice to CEMO would suggest that host resistance to this infection is at least
      partly dependent on the presence of a fully functional B lymphocyte system.
      Further studies in this experimental model may elucidate some of the
      immunological mechanisms underlying development of resistance in the horse, more
      specifically as they relate to the occurrence of the carrier state in this
      disease.

PMID- 3841804
TI  - Inhibitory effect of zinc(II) on free radical lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte
      membranes.
AB  - New evidence in support of zinc's role as a membrane antioxidant is presented.
      Human erythrocyte membranes in buffered saline underwent catalase- and superoxide
      dismutase-inhibitable lipid peroxidation when incubated with xanthine, xanthine
      oxidase, and Fe(III). Free radical mediated peroxidation was measured in terms of
      thiobarbituric acid reactivity and iodometric determination of lipid
      hydroperoxides. Whereas Ca(II) had relatively little effect on lipid
      peroxidation, Zn(II) strongly inhibited the reaction and suppressed peroxidation
      dependent lysis of resealed membranes. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation was
      essentially complete in the presence of 0.1 mM Zn(II), a concentration equivalent
      to that of added Fe(III). By contrast, Zn(II) had no effect on rose bengal
      photosensitized lipid peroxidation, a predominantly nonradical, singlet oxygen
      driven process. Zinc(II) also interfered with xanthine/xanthine oxidase/iron
      induced peroxidation of Triton X-100-dispersed membranes, but had no effect if
      EDTA was present. Trivial reasons for inhibition, for example, inactivation of
      xanthine oxidase or complex formation with O2-, were ruled out by showing that
      the rate of reduction of cytochrome c by xanthine/xanthine oxidase is not
      affected by Zn(II). We speculate that Zn(II) acts by interfering with the redox
      cycling of iron, possibly by competing with the latter for membrane binding
      sites.

PMID- 3841805
TI  - Characterization of a cDNA clone encoding murine mitogen-regulated protein:
      regulation of mRNA levels in mortal and immortal cell lines.
AB  - Mitogen-regulated protein (MRP) is secreted by certain immortal murine cell lines
      (Swiss 3T3, BNL) stimulated with serum or particular growth factors. We have
      identified a cDNA clone that encodes part of the protein and have confirmed that
      MRP is closely related to, if not identical to, the prolactin-related protein
      designated proliferin. MRP is not produced by primary mouse embryo fibroblasts to
      nearly the same extent as it is produced by many immortal or transformed lines.
      Control of expression of this protein by growth factors is achieved both by
      regulating the extent of transcription and by regulating the processing of the
      protein.

PMID- 3841806
TI  - Changes in nociception after lesions of descending serotonergic pathways induced
      with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. Different effects in the formalin and tail-flick
      tests.
AB  - Intrathecal administration of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) in mice
      selectively lesioned descending serotonergic pathways. Nociception was evaluated
      3 days after injection of 5,6-DHT using the tail-flick and formalin tests. In the
      tail-flick test shortened latencies were found in the lesioned animals. In
      contrast, the initial behavioural response (0-15 min) to formalin was reduced,
      while the late response (15-40 min) was not altered. Fourteen days after
      intrathecal administration of 5,6-DHT the changes in nociception, both in the
      tail-flick and in the formalin test, had returned to the control level. These
      findings support the contention that the raphe-spinal serotonergic system
      participates in the tonic regulation of nociception in the spinal cord.
      Apparently this system tonically inhibits spinal nociceptive reflexes, but
      tonically enhances the initial behavioural responses to noxious chemical
      stimulation, as measured with the formalin test.

PMID- 3841807
TI  - Intestinal helminthic infections and some haematological parameters in pregnant
      women attended at the University Teaching Hospital in Calabar, Nigeria.

PMID- 3841808
TI  - [Some practical knowledge of the biology of the spider Latrodectus mactans and
      the latrodectism syndrome in Chile].

PMID- 3841809
TI  - [Therapeutic study of pediculosis capitis using lotion and shampoo based on
      decamethrin].

PMID- 3841810
TI  - [Some epidemiological characteristics of hydatidosis and cysticercosis in
      cadavers autopsied in the Metropolitan region, Chile, 1980-1984].

PMID- 3841811
TI  - [Specific knowledge on hydatidosis in a rural sector population of the province
      of Valdivia, Chile].

PMID- 3841812
TI  - [Infestation of housing by ticks of Argas neghmei species in Calama, Chile].

PMID- 3841813
TI  - [Interrelations between intestinal protozoa and yeasts of mice].

PMID- 3841814
TI  - [Epidemiological study of intestinal protozoiasis and helminthiasis in 490
      chronic patients of the Psychiatric Hospital of Putaendo. V Region, Chile, 1985].

PMID- 3841815
TI  - [Enteroparasitosis in school children of Chonchi and its relation with some
      factors of basic sanitation. Insular Chiloe, X Region, Chile].

PMID- 3841816
TI  - In-vivo degradation of poly(lactic acid) of different molecular weights.
AB  - Lactic acid was polymerized using tetraphenyl tin as a catalyst. The molecular
      weight of the resultant poly(lactic acid) varied between 0.89 X 10(6) and 2.94 X
      10(6) depending upon the concentration of the catalyst used. In-vivo degradation
      of the poly(lactic acid) samples having 4 different molecular weights were
      studies by implanting these in Wistar rats. It was found that at the end of a 48
      week implantation period lower molecular weight poly(lactic acid) samples were
      degraded at a faster rate than the higher molecular weight samples.

PMID- 3841817
TI  - 3-D femoral stress analysis using CT scans and p-version FEM.
AB  - The potential of the finite element method as a computational aid for making
      objective clinical decisions has not yet been exploited due to the unreliability
      of the results obtained. The main reasons for this may be attributed to the poor
      quality of the finite elements available in the conventional softwares, improper
      modeling of the three dimensional problem, and errors introduced by incorrect
      representation of geometry and material properties. Herein, we report an attempt
      to derive a three-dimensional finite element model for the adult human femur
      which permits reliable representation of the local stress patterns. The geometry
      was obtained by serial computed tomography scans. The mechanical properties were
      based on laboratory tests and information available in the literature. The
      analysis is performed with a new generation software. Preliminary results suggest
      that the scheme could be automated and used for in vivo analysis.

PMID- 3841818
TI  - The action of the Yersinia pestis phage on the plague envelope antigen and the
      human erythrocytes.
AB  - The activity of the Yersinia pestis phage on the plague envelope antigen has been
      described. The purified envelope antigen was shown to possess the receptor
      properties. The phage caused changes of viscosity and hemagglutination properties
      of the antigen. The phage-treated antigen showed the additional precipitation arc
      in the immunoelectrophoretic investigations. The adsorption of the Yersinia
      pestis phage on the sheep and human erythrocytes was examined. The human red
      cells of group B exhibited the highest receptor properties for the Yersinia
      pestis phage.

PMID- 3841819
TI  - Changes in electrocardiograms at rest among dockers employed at
      loading/discharging of dusty materials.
AB  - Examinations were carried out among 602 dockers of sea-ports working at stevedore
      and trimmer work places in loading/discharging of dusty materials. The mean age
      of the population examined was 40.38 SD+/- 8.83 years and the mean length of
      service 13.33 SD +/- 6.91 years. In the material examined the authors found 32.7
      per cent of cases with chronic non-specific respiratory system diseases. The
      evaluation of electrocardiograms was performed with the use of Minnesota code. We
      have found abnormal electrocardiograms in 49.16 per cent of the persons examined,
      but in 119 persons were observed patterns of the influence of parasympathetic
      system, which one should recognize as features of good training and fitness to
      perform hard physical work. If this just mentioned group is left out the total of
      the abnormal electrocardiograms reaches 28.90 per cent. In ECG recordings we have
      found pathologic changes in Q and QS waves evidencing the existence of necrotic
      foci and healed infarct. In cases of chronic non-specific respiratory system
      diseases (37.7 per cent) occurring particularly over age of 50 years P-pulmonale
      waves, complete and incomplete right bundle branch blocks, jagged QRS complex and
      rotation change, as traits of right ventricular hypertrophy were found.

PMID- 3841820
TI  - The noise and functional disturbances of the cardio-vascular system in seamen.
AB  - The work presents quantitative relations between service-dependent noise dose
      levels and "unspecific" for the noise influence remote effects basing on the
      study of the cardiovascular system of 207 members of the deck and engine room
      crews. The seamen observed had no hearing losses due to noise (according to the
      ISO standard 1999). The study carried out in the pause between sea-going voyages
      showed that when the length of the service exceeded 10 years the noise dose
      increment of 1 dB corresponds to the hypertension frequency increment of 2%. The
      increase of the dose and the length of the service turns out as a trend towards
      the diminished mean arterial pulse pressure (AP) and elevated diastolic and mean
      dynamic AP. By resorting to the correlation-regression analysis the information
      value of the mean dynamic AP for the noise influence evaluation was shown as well
      the possibility to determine the safe noise action dose which may not be over 100
      dB at the service length under 40 years.

PMID- 3841821
TI  - Emotional disorders of sailors in stress situations during long yachting voyages.
AB  - 28 sailors, members of the six crews who took part in long voyages round the
      world, including the Cape Horn passage, were put by the author under examination.
      In the group examined there were found following psychopathological disorders:
      depressive syndromes, asthenic states, neurosis syndromes and perception
      disturbances and in one case--a psychotic state. The disorders mentioned above
      were short-lived and did not cause serious disturbances. The etiology of the
      psychopathological disturbances occurring in the sailors during long voyages is
      complex and is a resultant of many factors: social isolation, deprivation of
      needs, change of the way of life, navigational and meteorological conditions and
      motivational and personality factors.

PMID- 3841822
TI  - Psychosomatic aspects of changes in body weight during a long sea voyage.
AB  - The author, on the basis of his investigations, have shown the relationship
      between body weight changes and mental disease morbidity and other mechanism of
      adaptation to conditions of a long sea voyage. In author's opinion changes in
      body weight are an important adaptational mechanisms in conditions of long sea
      voyage. This mechanism is based on feedbacks in which dominated psychic
      mechanisms in the form of changes in personality dimensions. If the free
      regulation of the body homeostasis is disturbed and cannot be corrected by the
      body weight changes and personality dimensions then a further escalation of
      disturbances in homeostasis will lead to psychic or psychosomatic diseases.

PMID- 3841823
TI  - Comparative investigations into the state of health of seamen employed in the
      Polish Merchant Marine.
AB  - In the years 1971-1974 the authors carried out investigations into the state of
      health of 3000 seamen employed on ships of the Polish Merchant Marine. Ten years
      later the authors renewed the investigations using the same methods. The only
      difference was in the number of seamen under investigations, then out of 3000
      only 1441 were still in service on ships. The paper shows changes in distribution
      dynamics of the morbidity rate. It was also demonstrated that specific seamen's
      work environmental conditions have a significant effect on occurrence and
      development of different types of neuroses, hypertensive diseases and calculi of
      kidney and ureter.

PMID- 3841824
TI  - The work of ship's doctors of Polish Ocean Lines.
AB  - In 1984, during 201 voyages of cargo ships of Polish Ocean Lines having doctors
      on board, 30340 medical consultations were given to crew members, in 15506 cases
      of complaints and diseases. Doctors also consulted injured seafarers 2456 times
      in cases of injuries, wounds, contusions, broken bones, burns, scalds etc. During
      these 201 voyages, 33 cases of serious medical conditions were reported among
      crew members, which required disembarkation and hospital treatment abroad; in
      this number two cases of myocardial infarction ended fatally. There were also 13
      casualties among seamen, which were treated in hospitals in foreign ports; all of
      them survived. One of the important health problems of seafarers were diseases of
      teeth, pulp, and periapical tissue. Such cases constituted the majority (66.9%)
      of all 1868 cases referred for consultation and treatment in foreign ports. Oral
      diseases prevention among seafarers needed improvement. The working time of
      doctors on board ship was under-utilized. To a greater extent they should be
      involved in training seafarers in first aid and primary health care, and in
      health education activities among seamen, during sea voyages. Materials presented
      in the paper may be of use in planning efficient and cost-effective health
      services for crews of ships.

PMID- 3841825
TI  - Medical training for ship's officers in the GDR.
AB  - The author presented the tasks and programme of training of GDR merchant marine
      officers performing medical service aboard. This programme is realized at
      Maritime Academy in Warnemunde/Wustrow. The paper discuss both the range of
      lectures and seminar/exercises, list of equipment necessary for training, and
      contents and form of certificates.

PMID- 3841826
TI  - Examinations of digestive system parasitoses in people back from the tropics and
      subtropics.
AB  - The paper presents results of epidemiological-clinical studies of digestive
      system parasitoses in persons (seamen and other professional groups) back from
      the tropics. The author carried out multidirectional examinations (general
      medical with rectoscopy, laboratiorial: parasitological, microbiological,
      mycological and epidemiological) of 3,315 persons. The results were evaluated
      statistically. He defined the frequency of particular parasite invasion in men in
      dependence on region of stay, profession, length of service and age, and
      frequency of occurrence of symptomatic parasitoses as well as clinical picture of
      particular parasite species invasion. Special attention was paid to amoebiasis
      which the author separated from the whole material under analysis. The author
      made a comparison between cases of imported (181) and indigenous (164) amoebiasis
      as well as amoebiasis found in foreigners coming from tropical countries and
      staying in Poland (38). On the basis of many years observations of persons cured
      of amoebiasis he analysed the probability of occurrence of postamoebic syndrome.
      The material under examinations allowed to recognize the picture of digestive
      system parasitoses imported to Poland from the tropics.

PMID- 3841827
TI  - Treatment with praziquantel the Taenia saginata infection in men.
AB  - Praziquantel given in single doses of 12, 15 and 20 mg/kg body weight was applied
      in treatment of Taenia saginata infection (61 persons) and in four doses against
      Hymenolepis nana infection (1 person). Only one person not being cured shows that
      the compound has given a very high cure rate in clinical trial. 10% of patients
      treated complained of subjective mild side effects, which disappeared during 24 h
      after drug administration.

PMID- 3841828
TI  - [Vascular history of hepatic metastases (K2), categorization and therapeutic
      choice].

PMID- 3841829
TI  - [Cerebral arteriovenous malformations].

PMID- 3841830
TI  - [Endovascular treatment of intracerebral arteriovenous angiomas].

PMID- 3841831
TI  - Role of thymidylate synthetase in the cytostatic activity of pyrimidine
      nucleoside analogues.

PMID- 3841832
TI  - [The campaign against malaria 150 years after Laveran].

PMID- 3841833
TI  - [Report on the activities of the Academy in 1985].

PMID- 3841834
TI  - Morpho-functional anatomy of the human coronary arteries with reference to
      myocardial ischemia.
AB  - The vascular beds of 42 human hearts were examined to determine the underlying
      morpho-functional arrangement of the coronary arteries. The hearts were obtained
      at autopsy from cases where the immediate cause of death was not related to
      cardiovascular disease. It was found that while the course and size of individual
      vessels vary considerably from heart to heart, there is an underlying pattern in
      the functional arrangement of the vessels. On the basis of this pattern, a new
      functional classification of coronary arteries is proposed, together with a
      related concept of intrinsic "zones" of the myocardium. It is concluded that a
      deficiency in coronary blood supply in ischemic heart disease would be more
      accurately described in terms of the affected zones of the myocardium rather than
      the affected vessels. It is the effect of stenosis, not the stenosis per se,
      which must be assessed and documented ultimately. A chart is proposed to
      facilitate that documentation.

PMID- 3841835
TI  - [Value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of arrhythmias].
AB  - Identification of auricular activity is important for the diagnosis of
      arrhythmias. P waves however are often difficult to recognize. Using M-mode and 2
      D echocardiographic techniques, it is often possible to recognize atrial
      contraction at the level of the atrial septum or of the free wall of the right
      atrium. Diagnosis can be made in cases of sinus tachycardia, supra ventricular
      tachycardia with and without aberrancy and ventricular tachycardia with
      dissociation. Ventricular tachycardia with one to one retrograde conduction or
      with atrial fibrillation cannot be recognized by this method.

PMID- 3841836
TI  - A new surgical technique to correct double chambered right ventricle associated
      with anomalous left anterior descending coronary artery.
AB  - A 42 year old woman with symptomatic double chambered right ventricle had the
      additional features of an anomalous left anterior descending coronary artery and
      attachment of the tricuspid valve to the area of subinfundibular stenosis which
      precluded conventional repair. A non-valved Dacron conduit was used to bypass the
      obstruction. The patient is asymptomatic two years later.

PMID- 3841837
TI  - Interaction of adrenergic and opioid systems in the short-term regulation of
      cardiovascular activities.
AB  - Endogenous opioid peptides such as methionine enkephalin (met-enkephalin) are
      known to have a profound cardiovascular action in addition to actions mimicking
      morphine in many animal models. In the anesthetized rabbit, met-enkephalin, as
      little as 1 microgram/kg, decreased blood pressure and heart rate upon its
      intravenous injection. Little is known about the locus of action or the mechanism
      and the physiological implication of the peptide action. The primary objective of
      this study was to test influences of adrenergic and cholinergic agents on the
      cardiovascular effects of the peptide. Pentobarbital (30 mg/kg) anesthetized
      rabbits were tracheotomized and a femoral artery and vein were cannulated for the
      measurement of arterial blood pressure and drug injection. Through a left lateral
      abdominal incision, the left renal nerve was isolated and renal nerve activity
      (RNA) recorded. Met-enkephalin (1 to 300 micrograms/kg, i.v.) decreased RNA
      initially and reduced blood pressure and heart rate. The cardiodepressant action
      of the peptide was antagonized by naloxone (1 mg/kg), but not by naloxone
      methobromide (1.3 mg/kg). Both phentolamine (4 mg/kg) and prazosin (1 mg/kg)
      antagonized the cardiovascular effect of met-enkephalin. Both hexamethonium (5
      mg/kg) and mecamylamine (2 mg/kg) completely masked most of the depressant
      cardiovascular effects of metenkephalin by an increase in the duration of RNA
      suppression. The inability of naloxone methobromide and ganglionic blockers to
      antagonize the hypotensive action of met-enkephalin suggests that the peptide
      effect is secondary to its action on the central adrenergic system.

PMID- 3841838
TI  - [Contusive retinopathies of the posterior pole].

PMID- 3841839
TI  - [Vitrectomy after ocular injuries. Apropos of 26 cases].

PMID- 3841840
TI  - [Traumatic detachment of the pars plana].

PMID- 3841841
TI  - [Ocular complication caused by fulguration. Discussion apropos of 2 simultaneous
      cases].

PMID- 3841842
TI  - [Value of the detection of visual disorders in nursery schools].

PMID- 3841844
TI  - [Nyctohemeral changes in serum zinc in alcohol-smoking optic neuropathies].

PMID- 3841843
TI  - [Limbic tumors--clinical and therapeutic reflections from 12 cases].

PMID- 3841845
TI  - [Evaluation of a year of use of the picosecond neodymium-YAG laser].

PMID- 3841846
TI  - [Clinical and paraclinical study of a rigid gas-permeable lens].

PMID- 3841847
TI  - [Malignant melanoma of the choroid treated by Stallard's disks (text of a film)].

PMID- 3841848
TI  - [Problems posed to the anesthesiologist by ophthalmologic surgery].

PMID- 3841849
TI  - [Inflammatory pseudoglioma caused by Toxocara canis (anatomo-clinical study of a
      case)].

PMID- 3841850
TI  - [Keratocorrection or corrective surgery for astigmatism].

PMID- 3841851
TI  - [Stiles technics in Bjerrum's scotoma in open-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 3841852
TI  - [Critical study of the XYZ color triangle].

PMID- 3841853
TI  - Training clinical psychology students in aging.

PMID- 3841854
TI  - Social work training for mental health services to the elderly within a
      multigenerational context.

PMID- 3841855
TI  - Issues in the development of training for mental health service to the elderly.

PMID- 3841856
TI  - Increasing the emphasis on health care and the environment in geriatric mental
      health training.

PMID- 3841857
TI  - Training in geriatric mental health: two innovative outpatient training sites.

PMID- 3841858
TI  - The Teaching Nursing Home Project.

PMID- 3841859
TI  - Research in nursing: implications for nursing gerontology.

PMID- 3841860
TI  - Pattern of ocular injuries in Haryana.

PMID- 3841861
TI  - Ocular immunity in uveitis: a study of cellular response.

PMID- 3841862
TI  - Scheie's operation--a retrospective study.

PMID- 3841863
TI  - Serum immunoglobulin levels in endogenous uveitis: before and after therapy.

PMID- 3841864
TI  - Optic pit and central serous detachment.

PMID- 3841865
TI  - Precorneal tear film changes due to soft contact lens wear.

PMID- 3841866
TI  - Medulloepithelioma of the ciliary body.

PMID- 3841867
TI  - Goldenhar's syndrome with unilateral Duane retraction syndrome and "butterfly"
      vertebra.

PMID- 3841868
TI  - Metastatic orbital carcinoma of thyroid.

PMID- 3841869
TI  - Bilateral primary herpes simplex keratitis in a neonate (a case report).

PMID- 3841870
TI  - Bilateral coloboma of lens in Marfan's syndrome.

PMID- 3841871
TI  - Prevention versus medical relief.

PMID- 3841872
TI  - Public health and virus diseases.

PMID- 3841873
TI  - An analysis of characteristics of urban air pollution over a four year period
      (1978-1981).

PMID- 3841874
TI  - Pyoderma--an epidemiological study through school survey in Surat District (South
      Gujarat).

PMID- 3841875
TI  - Polynomial regression analysis of arterial blood pressure in different population
      groups at higher altitude (Simla Hills).

PMID- 3841876
TI  - Regional prevalence of xerophthalmia (Haryana).

PMID- 3841877
TI  - Changes in respiratory functions and serum lipids during prolonged treadmill
      walking.

PMID- 3841878
TI  - The influence of the functional characteristics of muscle on cardiovascular
      response during static work.

PMID- 3841879
TI  - Kinetics of cardiorespiratory function at the onset of exercise.

PMID- 3841880
TI  - A comparison between psychophysical and physiological approaches across low and
      high frequency ranges.

PMID- 3841881
TI  - Physical activities of women in farming and non-farming seasons.

PMID- 3841882
TI  - Prior physical work intensity increases the amplitude but not the frequency of
      combined tremor of the hand and finger.

PMID- 3841883
TI  - Social skills of children with cerebral palsy.

PMID- 3841884
TI  - Mortality of working and non-working populations in Japan: effects of social life
      factors.

PMID- 3841885
TI  - Influence of alcohol ingestion on tasks related to archery.

PMID- 3841886
TI  - [Differences in left ventricular systolic performance during exercise in patients
      with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and systemic hypertension].
AB  - To evaluate differences in systolic global and regional performances of the left
      ventricle during exercise, multi-stage submaximal exercise echocardiography was
      used for 21 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and 14 patients with
      systemic hypertension (HT), whose interventricular septa (IVS) were nearly the
      same in thickness (HCM; 16.5 +/- 2.4 mm, HT; 15.4 +/- 1.7 mm, NS). The data were
      compared with those of 18 normal subjects (N). During exercise, end-diastolic
      dimension (EDD) was increased in all three groups; however, there was no
      statistical differences among the three groups either at rest or during exercise.
      End-systolic dimension (ESD) was significantly decreased during exercise in HT
      (29.3 +/- 5.8 at rest to 28.1 +/- 5.8 mm at the peak exercise, p less than 0.05)
      and N (from 30.3 +/- 3.3 to 25.7 +/- 3.0 mm, p less than 0.001). On the other
      hand, ESD of HCM at rest, which was less than those of the other two groups, did
      not decrease with exercise (from 25.1 +/- 4.5 to 25.6 +/- 4.6 mm, NS), and rather
      they increased (more than 2 mm) during exercise in seven patients. The %
      shortening fraction (%SF) increased from rest to exercise both in HT (35.6 +/-
      7.9% to 40.1 +/- 9.6%, p less than 0.001) and in N (from 35.1 +/- 4.2 to 45.9 +/-
      4.7%, p less than 0.001). However, in the HCM group, the %SF, which was
      significantly greater at rest than in the other two groups, did not increase
      during exercise (42.5 +/- 6.8 to 42.5 +/- 8.8%, NS). In addition, in seven of 21
      patients with HCM, the %SF increased more than 5% at the peak exercise. At rest,
      systolic wall thickening (%WT) of the IVS equally reduced both in HCM and HT. It
      increased in HT from 20.8 +/- 9.3% at rest to 24.6 +/- 12.7% at the peak exercise
      (p less than 0.05), but did not change in HCM (from 16.6 +/- 9.6% to 16.3 +/-
      7.0%, NS). At rest, %WT of the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) was
      significantly greater in HCM than in HT. During exercise, it increased in HT
      (from 43.1 +/- 15.9% to 61.9 +/- 20.5%, p less than 0.01), but did not increase
      in HCM (from 81.0 +/- 27.7% to 85.5 +/- 29.6%, NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3841887
TI  - Idiopathic dilated right ventricular cardiomyopathy: a report of eight cases.
AB  - From 1970 to 1983, eight patients who had severe right ventricular dilatation
      with little or no left ventricular abnormality were referred to our hospital.
      There were two men and six women, whose ages ranged from 16 to 38 years and
      averaged 27. Five patients were members of two families, which had definite
      hereditary histories of this disease. ECGs of seven patients suggested right
      ventricular abnormalities. Ventricular arrhythmias were documented in seven,
      whose ECGs suggested that the origins of the arrhythmias were in the right or
      both ventricles. Cardiothoracic ratios ranged from 0.50 to 0.66 and averaged
      0.59. Five patients had wide respiratory splitting of the second heart sound.
      Echocardiography showed a marked increase in the right ventricular dimension.
      Right ventricular diastolic pressure was increased in three; left ventricular
      diastolic pressure was increased in two. Right ventricular angiography revealed
      marked dilatation and low ejection fractions of the right ventricle in all, but
      left ventricular function was nearly normal in them, except two patients who had
      minimal abnormality. The average follow-up period was 6.3 years and ranged from 3
      months to 11 years. During the follow-up period, only two patients had
      ventricular tachycardia and three developed overt heart failure. Three patients
      died, two suddenly, and one from an attack of ventricular tachycardia. Autopsies
      of these two showed extreme dilatation of the right ventricle and one of them
      showed concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle. Histological abnormalities
      were found in both ventricles. In summary, it is suggested that idiopathic
      dilated right ventricular cardiomyopathy can be classified in the spectrum of
      dilated cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3841888
TI  - [Right ventricular dysplasia and dilated cardiomyopathy observed by radionuclide
      images].
AB  - Four cases of right ventricular dysplasia (RVD) and 28 cases of dilated
      cardiomyopathy (DCM) were studied. RVD was characterized clinically by syncope,
      sustained recurrent ventricular tachycardia with left bundle branch block
      patterns on the surface electrocardiogram, and right heart failure. Furthermore,
      moderate to severe dilatation of the right ventricle and depressed right
      ventricular function were apparent on radionuclide angiography. However, left
      ventricular dilatation and depressed left ventricular function were documented in
      DCM. Right ventricular volume was proportional to left ventricular volume in DCM,
      however, right ventricular volume was disproportionately greater in RVD. On the
      T1-201 perfusion image, left ventricular perfusion defects were delineated in 10
      of 26 patients with DCM, and in one of four RVD patients. During two to eight
      year follow-up periods, six patients died suddenly five of whom had left
      ventricular perfusion defects. However, in 19 patients without left ventricular
      perfusion defects, only one sudden death was observed. A connecting link between
      sudden death and left ventricular perfusion defect is suggested.

PMID- 3841889
TI  - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic recognition of dilated cardiomyopathy:
      comparison with postmortem studies].
AB  - To elucidate the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the
      relationship of two-dimensional echocardiographic wall motion abnormalities
      (asynergy) to histopathological findings was evaluated in autopsied patients
      including seven with DCM, five with old myocardial infarction (OMI) and three
      with the normal heart. The DCM cases were classified morphologically in two
      groups, namely four of type I and II and three of type III, according to
      Shozawa's classification. Three short-axis views of the left ventricle were
      divided into 19 segments; the wall motion was assessed visually and classified as
      normal motion, hypokinesis, akinesis and dyskinesis. The postmortem specimens
      were immersed in 10% formalin; transverse sections and wall divisions were
      prepared corresponding to the two-dimensional echocardiographic views, and the
      area of each segment was determined by a computer planimetry excluding the
      papillary muscles and trabeculae. Fibrosis (%) was measured histologically by the
      point counting method with light microscopy. The results were as follows: In DCM,
      fibrosis (%) increased with increasing severity of asynergy: 17.1% fibrosis in
      normal motion; 28.7% in hypokinesis; 40.7% in akinesis and dyskinesis. In OMI,
      fibrosis (%) also increased with increasing severity of asynergy. On comparison
      of DCM with OMI, no difference was established relating to fibrosis (%) in the
      asynergic segments; moreover, in both groups, asynergy was detected more
      frequently in the segments in which fibrosis (%) exceeded 21%. On comparison of
      type I+II DCM with type III DCM, fibrosis (%) of type III was significantly less
      than that of type I+II in the same degree of asynergic segments. Moreover,
      fibrosis (%) of type I+II tended to be greater in the outer layer than in the
      inner layer, while fibrosis (%) of type III was evenly distributed throughout the
      myocardium, or greater in the inner layer than in the outer layer. In type I+II,
      wall thinning was marked with increasing severity of asynergy; in contrast, these
      correlations were not observed in type III. In type I+II, a higher fibrotic rate
      was observed in the left ventricular free wall and an abnormal Q wave appeared
      frequently on ECG. This tendency was not found in type III. These findings
      indicate that fibrosis is one of the most important factors in decreasing cardiac
      muscular contractility in DCM, and suggest that there is a different pathogenesis
      between type I+II and type III fibrosis.

PMID- 3841890
TI  - [Apical mid-diastolic rumble in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a pulsed Doppler
      echocardiographic study].
AB  - To investigate the mechanism of an apical mid-diastolic rumble in hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy (HCM), we recorded left ventricular (LV) inflow velocity patterns
      using pulsed Doppler echocardiography and apexcardiography for 10 HCM patients
      with rumble and 20 HCM patients without rumble. Controls consist of 17 normal
      subjects, three patients with complete atrioventricular block and two patients
      with artificial right ventricular pacemakers. The LV inflow velocity profiles
      were analyzed in terms of acceleration time (AT) and deceleration time (DT) of
      the rapid filling wave, and the ratio of peak velocity of the atrial contraction
      wave to that of the rapid filling wave (A/D ratio). The results were as follows:
      The apical mid-diastolic murmur in HCM had a crescendo-decrescendo character
      mainly of medium frequency, and increased in intensity after the inhalation of
      amyl nitrite. All patients with rumble had asymmetric septal hypertrophy and the
      five of these had LV outflow obstruction. In six of the 10 patients with rumble,
      mild mitral regurgitation was detected. In HCM with rumble, the AT tended to be
      shorter than that of HCM without rumble, but it was significantly longer than the
      AT of normal subjects. In HCM with rumble, the DT was significantly shorter than
      that of HCM without rumble, but it was significantly longer than the DT of normal
      subjects. There was no significant difference in the A/D ratio between the HCM
      with rumble and the normal subjects, but the A/H ratio of the apexcardiogram was
      significantly increased in HCM with rumble as compared with those of HCM without
      rumble and of the normal subjects. The LV dimension was significantly decreased
      in HCM with rumble as compared with those of HCM without rumble and the normal
      subjects. Peak negative VCF was significantly decreased in HCM with rumble as
      compared with that of HCM without rumble. But there was no significant difference
      in this parameter between HCM with rumble and the normal subjects. In
      simultaneous recordings of apical mid-diastolic rumble and LV inflow velocity
      patterns, the rumble appeared to start after the beginning of the diastolic rapid
      filling wave and to stop before or at the end of the diastolic rapid filling
      wave. In patients with complete atrioventricular block and with artificial right
      ventricular pacemakers, the apical mid-diastolic rumble appeared when the P wave
      was during the rapid filling phase of the left ventricle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3841891
TI  - [Abnormal left ventricular endocardial structures detected by two-dimensional
      echocardiography in systemic lupus erythematosus].
AB  - This is a report of abnormal endocardial structures on the left ventricular wall
      as visualized by two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) in patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus. Abnormal endocardial structures, arising from the
      left ventricular endocardium and appearing to proliferate into the cavity, were
      found in 11 (20%) of 54 patients. The most frequently involved site was
      posterobasal left ventricular wall in the parasternal long-axis view, and the
      posterolateral segment of the left ventricle including the anterior and posterior
      papillary muscles in the parasternal short-axis view. M-mode echocardiograms,
      simultaneously recorded with 2-D echo, revealed abnormal structures of increased
      intensity adjacent to the endocardium with thicknesses of 4 approximately 7 mm.
      Most of the abnormal endocardial structures were observed in patients in the
      active phase by 2-D echo, and they appeared to regress with steroid therapy. In
      one autopsy case, fibrous endocardial thickening suggesting healed endocarditis
      was present in the anterior papillary muscle as observed by 2-D echo. Their
      location and response to steroid therapy suggests that these abnormal echoes
      could represent Libman-Sacks endocarditis.

PMID- 3841892
TI  - [Continuous wave Doppler measurement of transmitral pressure gradients in mitral
      stenosis: comparisons with simultaneous catheterization measurements].
AB  - To determine the accuracy and reliability of measurements of mitral flow velocity
      and pressure gradients obtained from continuous wave Doppler (CWD)
      echocardiography, the left ventricular pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure and CWD echo were simultaneously recorded simultaneously for 22 patients
      with mitral stenosis. An ultrasonic transducer was placed over the left
      ventricular apex to direct the ultrasonic beam parallel with the mitral flow.
      High-pitched audio signals were used to determine whether the ultrasonic beam
      direction was appropriate. The angle formed by the beam direction and the blood
      flow was assumed to be zero when a good Doppler echo was recorded. The maximum
      flow velocity and pressure gradients calculated from CWD echo were compared with
      pressure gradients obtained by catheterization. These were analyzed during the
      same heart beats. The results were as follows: Good recordings of pressures and
      CWD echograms were obtained for 17 patients, and their data were used for the
      analysis. The maximum flow velocity through the mitral valve obtained by CWD
      echography was very similar to the pressure gradients obtained by catheterization
      in terms of phases and patterns. The pressure gradients (x) calculated from CWD
      using a simplified Bernoulli's equation correlated well with those (y) measured
      at the same time on pressure tracings (y = 1.2x + 1.5, r = 0.92, p less than
      0.001). Mean diastolic pressure gradients (X) obtained by CWD echography also
      correlated well with those (Y) recorded at catheterization (Y = 1.2X + 0.15, r =
      0.95). Based on these results, we conclude that CWD echography is a reliable,
      noninvasive method to measure the pressure gradient across the mitral valve in
      patients with mitral stenosis.

PMID- 3841893
TI  - [Mitral valvular disease secondary to mitral ring calcification: a
      clinicopathologic study].
AB  - Fifteen cases with mitral valvular disease caused by mitral ring calcification
      (MRC) were observed among 2,800 consecutive autopsy patients more than 60 years
      of age. They consisted of one man and 14 women whose average age was 86.4 years.
      All had been diagnosed as having mitral valvular disease during life. For this
      clinicopathologic study, the cases were categorized as nine cases with mitral
      regurgitation (MR Group) and six with mitral stenosis (MS Group). Among the 15
      cases, phonocardiograms were obtained in 14 and echocardiograms in 6. In
      addition, 122 cases with MRC, the length of which was 5 mm or more, were selected
      from 900 recent consecutive autopsies of senile patients, to evaluate the site of
      calcification and to analyze the ratio of calcification length to mitral valve
      ring circumference. The following conclusions were obtained: The prevalence of
      mitral valvular disease due to MRC in the aged was 15/2,800 (0.5%). MR was
      observed in nine cases and MS in six. Phonocardiograms of the MR Group revealed a
      holosystolic murmur in seven cases, a late systolic murmur in one, a third heart
      sound in four and a fourth heart sound in five. In the MS Group, a holosystolic
      murmur was found in four, a presystolic murmur in four, a diastolic rumble in
      one, but no opening snap in any case. A diamond-shaped systolic murmur was found
      in nine cases with MS or MR, suggesting an ejection systolic murmur caused by an
      associated calcified aortic valve. Echocardiograms showed markedly decreased DDR
      in five cases and increased echo intensity of the aortic valve in four.
      Pathologic findings revealed that the mean length of MRC was 36.6 mm in the MR
      Group and 58.0 mm in the MS Group. The calcification ring ratio (CRR = MRC/MVR X
      100) was 50.3% in the MR Group and 69.8% in the MS Group. In the MR Group, MRC
      involved the anterolateral commissure in three, posteromedial commissure in five,
      and both in one. In five of six cases with MS, both commissures were involved by
      MRC. The study of 122 cases with MRC length greater than or equal to 5 mm
      suggested that MRC occurred first in the middle scallop of the posterior mitral
      leaflet, and extended to the posterior scallop, subsequently extending up to the
      anterior scallop, and finally involved the anterior mitral leaflet beyond the
      commissures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3841895
TI  - [Quantitative analysis of aortic regurgitation using radionuclide phase
      analysis].
AB  - In this study, the clinical utility of phase analysis using gated blood pool
      scintigraphy to detect aortic regurgitation (AR) was assessed. The study
      population included 33 patients with AR documented by cineaortography, and 53
      patients without AR diagnosed by clinical features and pulsed Doppler
      echocardiography or cineaortography. Gated blood pool images were stored in
      modified left anterior oblique views by the multiple gated method (28 frames per
      beat) after the in vivo labeling of erythrocytes using 25 mCi 99m-Tc. Amplitude
      was depressed at the subaortic region toward the apex in patients with AR, and
      occasionally the phase angle occurred earlier in the same region. This is because
      diastolic filling began earlier and stroke count was decreased more in the
      subaortic region than in other regions of the left ventricle in examining the
      regional time-activity curve. Based on this characteristic finding in the
      amplitude image, the specificity was 81% and the sensitivity was 79% in the
      diagnosis of AR. The degree of AR was estimated using the amplitude image as
      follows: grade 1, depression of amplitude localized to the subaortic region;
      grade 2, depression of amplitude detected from the subaortic region to the
      midportion of the left ventricle; grade 3, depression of amplitude detected
      beyond the midportion of the left ventricle. We compared results with those of
      the radionuclide (RI's classification) and angiographic methods (Sellers'
      classification) as to the severity of AR. AR could not be detected using the
      radionuclide method in all four patients with Sellers' grade 1, and in three of
      nine patients with Sellers' grade 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3841894
TI  - [Continuous wave Doppler assessment of prosthetic valves in the mitral position:
      comparison of the St. Jude medical mechanical valve and the porcine xenograft
      valve].
AB  - To assess the opening function of prosthetic valves in the mitral position with
      special reference to the type and size of the valve and the years since
      replacement, we recorded maximum flow velocity through the mitral orifice using
      continuous wave Doppler echocardiography for 50 patients with mitral valve
      replacement and 15 normal subjects. There were 33 patients with St. Jude Medical
      valves and 17 with porcine xenograft valves. An ultrasonic transducer was placed
      over the left ventricular apex and the direction of the ultrasonic beam was
      positioned to be parallel with mitral flow using the Doppler audio signals. A
      pressure gradient was calculated from continuous wave Doppler flow velocity with
      a simplified Bernoulli's equation proposed by Hatle et al. The peak and mean
      maximum flow velocity, mean pressure gradient across the valve and the pressure
      half time were measured to evaluate the opening function of the prosthetic valve.
      The results were as follows: All four measurements were significantly larger in
      patients with valve replacements than in normal subjects, and were significantly
      increased in patients with porcine xenograft valves compared to those with St.
      Jude Medical valves. The opening function was well maintained in patients having
      larger valves than in those having smaller ones in the group of St. Jude Medical
      valve replacement. In patients who had porcine xenograft valve for four years or
      more, the opening function was decreased the more years they had been implanted.
      We conclude that continuous wave Doppler echocardiography is a useful noninvasive
      method for the quantitative assessment of the diastolic opening function of the
      prosthetic mitral valve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3841896
TI  - [Functional transvalvular regurgitation in patients with Bjork-Shiley aortic
      valves: a pulsed Doppler echocardiographic study].
AB  - It is well known that a small amount of regurgitation occurs through Bjork-Shiley
      valves. Obviously, this functional regurgitation is related to the construction
      of the Bjork-Shiley valve, wherein the disc does not overlap the ring, but fits
      within its orifice, leaving a minimal space between the edge of the disc and the
      ring. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of
      regurgitation in patients having Bjork-Shiley valves in the aortic position by
      pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The study group consisted of 46 patients with
      normally functioning valves and five patients with malfunctioning valves. Valve
      dysfunction resulted from paravalvular regurgitation in three, and thrombosed
      valves in two (confirmed by surgery and angiography). Using pulsed Doppler
      echocardiography, aortic regurgitation was observed in 29 of the 46 normally
      functioning Bjork-Shiley aortic valves. Among these, regurgitant flow signals
      were constantly located in the vicinity of the valve ring in the left ventricular
      outflow tract. Therefore, these regurgitant flow signals were considered to
      represent functional regurgitation of the Bjork-Shiley valve. Aortography was
      performed for 11 of the 46 normally functioning Bjork-Shiley valves, and there
      was minimal transvalvular regurgitation in all. In all of the five malfunctioning
      Bjork-Shiley aortic valves, aortic regurgitant flow signals were detected by
      pulsed Doppler echocardiography, and the maximal distance of the regurgitant flow
      signals from the Bjork-Shiley valve ring was more than 0.5 cm. However, it was
      difficult to differentiate transvalvular regurgitation from paravalvular
      regurgitation using pulsed Doppler technique alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3841897
TI  - [Pulmonary regurgitation with special reference to the shape of the pulmonary
      valve ring: a pulsed Doppler and angiographic study].
AB  - Using pulsed Doppler echocardiography and cineangiography, the significance of
      pulmonic valve ring dimensions in the genesis of pulmonic regurgitation (PR) was
      studied in 40 patients, including 12 with valvular disease, 19 with coronary
      artery disease and nine with the normal heart. In nine of the 40 subjects,
      pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than or equal to
      20 mmHg) was observed. The criterion for diagnosing PR was disturbed flow
      patterns recorded just below the pulmonic valve which spanned more than 40% of
      diastole, exceeding 1.5 KHz in peak frequency (corresponding to a flow velocity
      of about 50 cm/sec). Sagittal and transverse diameters of the pulmonic valve ring
      (PRDs, PRDt) at the upper edge of the pulmonary sinus, and the sagittal diameter
      of the pulmonary sinus (PSD) at the level of its maximal bulging were measured
      using pulmonary angiography. PR was detected in 15 subjects (37.5%). The
      prevalence of PR among three groups regardless of the absence or presence of
      pulmonary hypertension was not significantly different. The peak frequency of the
      regurgitant flow signals as well as the farthest point of the signals detected
      did not differ among the three groups irrespective of pulmonary hypertension. The
      ratio of the PRDs to the PRDt (PRDs/PRDt) was greater in patients with PR than in
      those without PR (p less than 0.001), but no correlation was established between
      PRDs/PRDt and mean pulmonary artery pressure. The PRDt index and PRDs index
      (normalized by body surface area) correlated well with the mean pulmonary artery
      pressure (r = 0.70, p less than 0.001 and r = 0.62, p less than 0.001,
      respectively). PSD also correlated with the mean pulmonary artery pressure (r =
      0.49, p less than 0.01), whereas, PSD/PRDs correlated inversely with the mean
      pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.40, p less than 0.01), indicating a relatively
      more prominent dilatation of the PRDs than of the PSD in cases with pulmonary
      hypertension. These results suggest that the etiology of PR in our series of
      patients was primarily attributable to the distortion of the pulmonic valve ring.
      The wide-spread concept that pulmonary hypertension dilates the pulmonic valve
      ring, leading to the development of PR, should be criticized.

PMID- 3841898
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging of cardiovascular diseases: advantages of coronal and
      sagittal planes].
AB  - The usefulness of coronal and sagittal sections of the cardiovascular system by
      magnetic resonance imaging was evaluated. Coronal, sagittal and transverse spin
      echo scans using ECG-non-gating and gating during systole and diastole were
      performed for five normal volunteers, 91 with heart diseases (25 valvular
      disease, 28 ischemic heart disease, 14 cardiomyopathies, 14 congenital
      malformations, four pericardial diseases, and six others) and 32 patients with
      aortic abnormalities (17 aneurysms, 10 dissections and five others) using a 2.5
      KGauss unit. Cardiac gating necessitated six to eight min per scan, but it was
      mandatory to obtain clear images of the details. On the other hand, in most of
      the aortic abnormalities, diagnostic images were obtained by the ECG-non-gating
      technique which required only about 2.5 min per scan. Coronal and sagittal
      sections were useful for estimating the entire shape and size of each cardiac
      chamber and intracardiac thrombi, the extent of postinfarctional wall thinning
      and cardiac aneurysms, and hypertrophy or narrowing of both the ventricular
      outflow tracts and apex. These planes were particularly useful, and more
      contributory than transverse planes for detecting inferior myocardial damage such
      as infarction. A few coronal and sagittal scans were sufficient to diagnose
      extensive lesions of the aorta, such as atherosclerosis, dissections and the
      aortitis syndrome. Local lesions such as coarctation, supravalvular aortic
      stenosis, annulo-aortic ectasia and aneurysm, especially those originating in the
      inferior wall of the aortic arch were easily discovered. Since the main arteries,
      such as the innominate, left common carotid, left subclavian and renal arteries,
      were clearly demonstrated by coronal images, coronal scans were considered more
      useful than transverse ones for observing the relationship between these arteries
      and dissections or aneurysms of the arch and of the abdominal aorta.

PMID- 3841899
TI  - Effectiveness of ECG-gated magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing
      cardiovascular diseases.
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive method which can
      discriminate between flowing blood and vascular walls, and is expected to
      contribute to the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Since the data
      acquisition by conventional MRI is too long for precise cardiac imaging, the ECG
      gated method is mandatory in evaluating cardiac function and producing cardiac
      images of high quality. To evaluate the effectiveness of ECG-gated MRI, left
      ventricular wall motion and ejection fraction by MRI were compared with those
      obtained by radionuclide technique. Two types of MR imagers were used: one with a
      resistive magnet (0.15 Tesla) for 12 patients, and the other with a
      superconductive magnet (0.35 Tesla) for eight patients. MRI imaged cardiac muscle
      and vascular walls without the need for any contrast media or radionuclides. The
      superconductive apparatus provided better quality images than did the resistive
      one. Comparing MRI with radionuclide technique regarding left ventricular wall
      motion, resistive and superconductive MRI data correlated satisfactorily with
      those of radionuclide technique, except in the inferior wall, which was better
      evaluated by radionuclide technique. Left ventricular ejection fraction obtained
      by MRI was moderately lower than those obtained by radionuclide technique, though
      the correlation was good [r = 0.84 (resistive unit) and r = 0.85 (superconductive
      unit)]. In addition to three-dimensional morphological information, ECG-gated MRI
      provides information nearly comparable to that of radionuclide technique in the
      evaluation of left ventricular function and wall motion. Therefore, we regard
      gated MRI as effective in evaluating various aspects of cardiovascular diseases.

PMID- 3841900
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation and color display of echo intensity by two-dimensional
      echocardiography].
AB  - To assess myocardial tissue changes by two-dimensional echocardiography,
      quantitative evaluation and color display of the echo intensity were attempted
      using computerized image processing. The materials consisted of 11 patients with
      old anteroseptal myocardial infarction one year or more after the onset (OMI),
      and 12 normal subjects. Two-dimensional echocardiograms in the parasternal long
      axis view were obtained using a commercially-available phased-array sector
      scanner. Scanner receiver settings including sensitivity-time control were
      maintained constant in all subjects. Images were recorded on the U-matic tape
      using a video tape recorder, then stop-frame end-diastolic images were converted
      to digital images. To measure echo intensity, regions of interest (ROI) were
      placed in the interventricular septum (IVS), the left ventricular posterior wall
      (LVPW), the left ventricular cavity, and the pericardium. The mean value of the
      echo intensities was determined for each ROI. Then, the relative echo intensity
      of the IVS or LVPW was calculated using the mean value of the pericardium as the
      maximum echo intensity, and the mean value of the left ventricular cavity as the
      minimum echo intensity. In normal subjects, the relative echo intensity of the
      IVS was 0.40 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SE) and that of the LVPW was 0.31 +/- 0.02. By
      contrast, in patients with OMI, there was a significant increase (p less than
      0.001) in the relative echo intensity of the IVS (0.71 +/- 0.06). The relative
      echo intensity of the LVPW was less than normal, but the difference was not
      statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3841901
TI  - [Continuous wave Doppler echocardiography as a noninvasive evaluation of aortic
      regurgitation].
AB  - Continuous wave Doppler echocardiography permits measurement of high blood flow
      velocity, which is not obtained by conventional pulsed Doppler echocardiography.
      In this study, continuous wave Doppler echocardiography was used to measure
      aortic regurgitant flow velocity, and the utility of this method in evaluating
      aortic regurgitation (AR) was examined. Continuous wave Doppler recordings of the
      left ventricular outflow were obtained with the guidance of the long-axis two
      dimensional echocardiogram from the apex in 20 patients with AR and 10 without
      AR. In 18 of the 20 patients with AR, Doppler signals of regurgitant flow were
      successfully detected. The recorded regurgitant flow velocity pattern had
      characteristic contours: the regurgitant flow was greater than 1.8 m/sec in
      velocity immediately after aortic valve closure, and gradually decelerated until
      the next ventricular systole. The Doppler half time index, which was the time
      profile to decline to 0.5 of the peak velocity, was significantly shortened in
      accordance with the degree of AR (p less than 0.01). Thus, continuous wave
      Doppler echocardiography is a simple, useful method for the noninvasive
      evaluation of AR.

PMID- 3841902
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular function during
      left heart bypass.
AB  - Right ventricular (RV) function in terms of hemodynamics and RV wall motion was
      studied in 14 mongrel dogs during left heart bypass (LHB) using a centrifugal
      blood pump. The wall motion was analyzed by two-dimensional echocardiography (2D
      echo). Incremental changes in LHB flow ratios of 0% (controls), 25%, 50%, 75% and
      a maximum 85-100% were accompanied by decrements of segmental shortening of the
      interventricular septum (IVS) by 54 +/- 12%, 43 +/- 5%, 42 +/- 2%, 35 +/- 0% and
      0%, respectively. In addition to akinesis of the IVS during maximum flow, a
      specific part of the RV free wall adjacent to the IVS also had marked depression
      of contractions and overall RV contraction was nearly dependent on the RV free
      wall opposite to the IVS. Maximum LHB flow induced complete depression of the
      left ventricular cavity, a marked increase in RV volume, and depression of the RV
      ejection fraction on 2D-echo. Excessive or prolonged LHB reduces the RV wall
      motion capability and may lead to right heart failure. Our results suggest that
      an LHB ratio of about 75% is optimum to maintain normal cardiac function,
      particularly that of the right heart.

PMID- 3841903
TI  - [Evaluation of the atrial contribution to ventricular filling in patients with
      DDD pacemakers].
AB  - To evaluate the usefulness of physiologic cardiac pacing, the trasmitral flow
      velocity was recorded using the pulsed Doppler method combined with 2-D
      echocardiography in 14 patients in whom a DDD pacemaker was implanted. DDD
      pacemakers were programmed to atrioventricular (AV) sequential pacing with AV
      intervals of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 msec, and VVI pacing modes at a heart rate
      of 70 bpm. The time-velocity integral (TVI) of the left ventricular (LV) inflow
      curve was obtained by digitizing the outline of the tracings and expressed in the
      percentage of that of AV sequential pacing with AV interval of 150 msec (the
      percent LV filling volume). The percent LV filling volume was 75% for 50 msec,
      89% for 100 msec, 96% for 200 msec and 90% for 250 msec of an AV interval in AV
      sequential pacing. It was significantly smaller at AV intervals of 50, 100 and
      250 msec than at an AV interval of 150 msec. It was significantly smaller (68%)
      in VVI pacing than at AV intervals of 100, 150, 200 and 250 msec in AV sequential
      pacing. The left atrial (LA) contribution to LV filling was assessed in terms of
      the fraction of TVI during LA contraction to that during total LV filling at the
      optimal AV interval (A/Fmax). The optimal AV interval was defined as the interval
      at which the maximum LV filling volume was achieved in individual patients. The
      A/Fmax showed a positive correlation with the percent increase of LV inflow
      volume, with conversion from VVI to AV sequential pacing with the optimal AV
      interval. It also showed a positive correlation with age. These results suggested
      that the LV inflow volume was greater in AV sequential pacing with the optimal AV
      interval than in VVI pacing, especially in patients with a large A/Fmax. In
      conclusion, pulsed Doppler echocardiography could be a useful, non-invasive
      technique to determine the indications for implanting a DDD pacemaker and the
      optimal AV interval in patients in whom DDD pacemakers are implanted.

PMID- 3841904
TI  - [Tricuspid regurgitation after corrective surgery of ventricular septal defect:
      evaluation using pulsed Doppler echocardiography].
AB  - Using two-dimensional (2DE) and pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE), the
      prevalence, cause, and 2DE findings of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) occurring
      after corrective surgery for ventricular septal defect (VSD) were investigated.
      Fifty-one postoperative patients (25 boys and 26 girls) ranging in age from 2
      months to 11 years and 9 months were studied. There were 23 preoperative patients
      with VSD and 26 children without cardiac disorders who served as controls. TR was
      diagnosed when pansystolic abnormal Doppler signals were obtained in the right
      atrial cavity by PDE. Twenty-three (45.1%) of the 51 postoperative patients, two
      (8.7%) of 23 preoperative patients, and none of 26 normal subjects were found to
      have TR. The prevalence of TR in postoperative patients was significantly (p less
      than 0.01) greater than those of the two control groups, but there was no
      significant difference between the control groups. The prevalence of TR was not
      relevant to sex or type of VSD, but TR was detected more frequently in patients
      with residual shunts (p less than 0.01), in those with postoperative pulmonary
      hypertension (p less than 0.01), and in those with morphological abnormalities of
      the tricuspid valve (p less than 0.01). In postoperative patients, the mean age
      at surgery of those with TR (mean +/- SD = 18.3 +/- 17.4 months) was younger than
      that of those without TR (29.9 +/- 21.4), and the cardiothoracic ratio (0.59 +/-
      0.07 and 0.55 +/- 0.07, respectively), tricuspid annulus size (122 +/- 19 and 104
      +/- 10% of normal), and right atrial size (143 +/- 34 and 106 +/- 12% of normal)
      were greater in patients with TR. The maximal extent of the TR signal correlated
      positively with right atrial size and tricuspid annulus size, and seemed to be a
      useful index for evaluating the severity of TR. Abnormal morphological findings
      of the tricuspid valve detected by 2DE were (1) no coaptation of the anterior and
      septal leaflets in systole (= discoaptation), (2) no coaptation of both leaflets
      throughout the cardiac cycle (= valve defect), and (3) apical displacement of the
      valve in systole (= bulging). (1) and (2) appeared to be associated with TR
      produced by operative injury; and (3), with functional TR. It was concluded that
      TR occurs frequently after corrective surgery for VSD, and 2DE and PDE were
      useful for evaluating the cause and severity of TR.

PMID- 3841905
TI  - [Noninvasive estimates of pulmonary hypertension and study of the etiology of
      ejection flow velocity profiles].
AB  - Flow velocities at the right ventricular outflow tract were recorded for 36
      patients including 12 with pulmonary hypertension. Doppler indexes [right
      ventricular preejection period (RPEP), right ventricular ejection time (RET),
      right ventricular acceleration time (RAT), RPEP/RET, RET/RAT] were calculated
      from flow velocity profiles, and noninvasive estimation of pulmonary hypertension
      was attempted using these indexes. The etiology of ejection flow velocity in
      pulmonary hypertension was studied using a simulation model. The following
      results were obtained. RAT shortened proportionately with an increase of
      pulmonary arterial pressure. RET/RAT correlated most significantly with pulmonary
      arterial pressure (r = 0.83, p less than 0.001). RET/RAT correlated inversely
      with stroke volume (SV) (r = -0.48, p less than 0.01); therefore, attention
      should be paid to SV, when estimating pulmonary arterial pressure, using the
      value of RET/RAT. The diagnostic value for pulmonary hypertension using RET/RAT
      was excellent; the predictive accuracy was 100%, sensitivity 75%, and specificity
      100%, and it was possible to evaluate pulmonary hypertension using this method.
      According to the simulation model, an increase of both the pulmonary pulse wave
      velocity and the reflection of the pulse wave made the interval between the onset
      and the time of the peak flow velocity shorter. A flow velocity pattern similar
      to that of pulmonary hypertension was obtained.

PMID- 3841906
TI  - [Systolic honk in mitral stenosis: a case report].
AB  - This case report describes a mitral systolic honk originating from the mitral
      valve and adjacent structures in a 52 year-old woman with mitral stenosis. The
      patient was hospitalized because of dyspnea. Auscultation of the heart revealed a
      grade 3/6 apical early systolic honk accompanied by an increased first heart
      sound, an opening snap and a diastolic rumble. The phonocardiogram demonstrated
      an early systolic honk at a frequency of 115 Hz. Intensity of the honk varied on
      beat to beat basis, increasing in the short preceding R-R interval compared to
      that in the long one. The M-mode echocardiogram showed early systolic fluttering
      of the mitral valve and chordae tendineae at the same frequency as the honk. The
      two-dimensional echocardiogram showed bulging of the anterior mitral leaflet
      toward the left atrium in early systole. After treatment with digitalis and
      diuretics, the early systolic honk disappeared in beats with preceding long R-R
      intervals (greater than 1100 msec). In beats without the honk, systolic
      fluttering of the mitral valve was not observed. The genesis of the early
      systolic honk is analogous to that of the honk audible in mitral or tricuspid
      valve prolapse. The bulging of the anterior mitral leaflet into the left atrium
      may produce vibrations of the mitral valve leaflets and adjacent structures.

PMID- 3841907
TI  - [Coronary sinus type atrial septal defect diagnosed by two-dimensional color
      Doppler echocardiography: a case report].
AB  - This is a case report of coronary sinus type atrial septal defect (ASD) diagnosed
      preoperatively by two-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography. A 22-year-old
      asymptomatic woman was admitted for preoperative cardiac evaluation. A cardiac
      murmur and cardiomegaly had been noted at a routine examination which included
      electrocardiography and chest radiography, and M-mode echocardiography suggested
      the presence of a secundum type ASD. Color Doppler echocardiography revealed a
      left to right atrial shunt flow through the coronary sinus ostium into the right
      atrium. By peripheral contrast echocardiography, a negative contrast echo from
      the coronary sinus ostium was observed within the right atrium and persistent
      left superior vena cava was excluded. At operation, a 2 X 3 cm defect was
      demonstrated at the interatrial septum in the vicinity of the coronary sinus
      ostium. This is the first reported case of a coronary sinus type ASD diagnosed
      preoperatively by color Doppler echocardiography.

PMID- 3841908
TI  - Immobile right aortic leaflet in a case of the aortitis syndrome complicated by a
      left coronary sinus aneurysm.
AB  - A 37-year-old housewife had the aortitis syndrome complicated by acute aortic
      regurgitation and severe coronary insufficiency. Her echocardiogram at the level
      of the aortic valve ring revealed an enlarged left aortic sinus and an
      oscillating membranous structure centrally in the lumen of the aorta. At
      emergency surgery, there was no intimal flap in the ascending aorta, but there
      was a 4 cm diameter aneurysm of the left aortic sinus. The leaflets of the aortic
      valve per se were normal. Following its surgical repair and an aortic valve
      replacement, prednisolone was administered, and all abnormal laboratory data were
      corrected. The oscillating structure in the ascending aorta was considered to be
      the right aortic leaflet whose reduced mobility was caused by a distorted aortic
      valve ring due to the aneurysm. An immobile aortic leaflet is an extremely rare
      echocardiographic finding worthy to be reported.

PMID- 3841910
TI  - [Prediction of coronary lesions by two-dimensional echocardiography in patients
      with healed myocardial infarction].
AB  - Regional left ventricular wall motion abnormalities were assessed by two
      dimensional echocardiography (2-DE) in 66 patients with healed myocardial
      infarction (MI) and the results were compared with those of coronary angiography
      which was performed at nearly the same time as 2-DE. The left ventricular wall
      was divided into 14 segments and asynergy was assessed in each segment. To
      compare the severity of segmental asynergy with coronary artery lesions, relation
      between segments and coronary artery perfusion was assumed as follows: the
      anterior wall, anterior septum and apex corresponded to the anterior descending
      artery (LAD); the lateral and inferior walls corresponded to the left circumflex
      artery (LCX); and the posterior septum and inferior wall corresponded to the
      right coronary artery (RCA). One vessel disease: In all 24 patients with MI
      induced by LAD lesions, regional asynergy was identified in the anterior wall,
      anterior septum and apex. All patients had advanced asynergy (severe hypokinesis,
      akinesis or dyskinesis) except one with subendocardial infarction. Advanced
      asynergy was identified in the other segments including the lateral wall (one
      patient) and the posterior septum (11 patients), but such asynergy was not
      associated with that of the inferior wall. In four patients with MI induced by
      RCA lesions, regional asynergy appeared in localized segments of the posterior
      septum and inferior wall, and the asynergy was severe in all patients except one
      in whom collaterals were well-developed. In four patients with MI induced by LCX
      lesions, asynergy was observed in both the lateral and inferior walls. In only
      one patient, mild asynergy was identified in the apex. Multi-vessel disease: In
      both groups with double vessel (16 patients) and triple vessel (16 patients)
      disease, asynergy was recognized in the affected areas of the major coronary
      artery which was considered responsible for the infarction, irrespective of the
      severity of the coronary stenosis. Also, there was no significant correlation
      between the severity of coronary artery stenosis and segmental wall motion
      abnormalities in non-infarcted areas. No significant correlation was observed
      between the severity of regional wall motion abnormalities in the infarcted areas
      and the degree of development of collaterals. In patients with MI induced by LAD
      lesions, more extensive asynergy in the anterior wall and anterior septum at the
      basal portion was observed in the patient group with proximal stenosis than in
      the group with distal stenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3841909
TI  - [A case of pentalogy of Fallot with numerous collaterals evaluated by magnetic
      resonance imaging: a report of an adult case].
AB  - In this report, the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was
      compared with that of two-dimensional echocardiography, computed tomography and
      cardiac catheterization in a patient with pentalogy of Fallot who survived to her
      fortieth year. The advantages and disadvantages of MRI in diagnosing the present
      case were as follows: The cardiovascular system, with the exception of atrial
      septal defect, was evaluated precisely. Collateral vessels were detected using
      MRI, but impossible with other non-invasive methods. MRI was particularly
      suitable for imaging the cardiovascular system because of the high contrast
      between the lower intensity signal of the blood and higher intensity signal of
      the myocardium and blood vessel walls. Using MRI, data acquisition time was 1.5
      min per section. Gated MRI required more time for data acquisition. However,
      various oblique tomographic projections and very clear static images could be
      obtained using gated MRI. MRI should be one of the best diagnostic techniques for
      diagnosing congenital heart disease.

PMID- 3841911
TI  - [Coronary collaterals in patients with total obstruction of the proximal left
      anterior descending artery: their pathways and functional significance].
AB  - The relationship of patterns of collateral pathways and the functions of
      collaterals in patients with proximal occlusion of the left anterior descending
      artery (LAD) was analyzed by coronary arteriography and left ventriculography.
      Forty-seven patients with dominant right coronary artery (RCA) as anatomic
      variations had nearly the same filling areas from three major collateral pathways
      from the RCA to the LAD via conus branches, marginal branches, and septal
      perforator. The grades of collateral flows were classified as good, fair and poor
      according to the sizes and numbers of collateral channels, and the filling
      density of contrast in each collateral and three (basal, mid and apical) segments
      of the main trunk of the LAD. On left ventriculography in the right anterior
      oblique projection, the anterior wall was divided into five segments, and the
      regional ejection fraction in each segment was measured from end-diastolic and
      end-systolic areas. Three main collateral pathways and connections to the LAD
      were observed from the RCA. Those were the conus branches to the basal-mid LAD,
      the marginal branches to the mid-apical LAD, and the posterior descending
      branches to the basal-mid LAD via the septal perforators. Only seven patients
      showed normal contraction in all of the segments (Group I). In seven patients
      with normal contraction in the basal-mid segments and reduced contraction in the
      apical segment of the anterior wall, the main collateral pathways from the RCA to
      the LAD were the posterior descending branches via the septal perforators (Group
      II). In 10 patients with reduced contraction in the basal-mid segments and normal
      contraction in the apical segment of the anterior wall, the main collateral
      pathways from the RCA were the conus branches and/or the marginal branches to the
      LAD (Group III). In the other 23 patients with reduced contraction in entire
      segments (Group IV), the patterns of segmental contraction were similar to those
      of either Group II or Group III. These findings indicate that in the majority of
      cases collateral circulation from the RCA did not preserve wall contraction in
      all segments perfused by the occluded LAD at rest, and suggest that various
      patterns of segmental contraction may be influenced by the dominant of collateral
      pathways.

PMID- 3841912
TI  - [Pulsed Doppler evaluation of left ventricular pressure and pressure difference
      in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy].
AB  - To assess the patho-physiological severity of hypertrophic obstructive
      cardiomyopathy (HOCM), the systolic pressure differences caused by the functional
      stenosis across the outflow tract of the left ventricle must be evaluated. The
      present study explored and proposed a non-invasive method predicting the pressure
      difference across the intraventricular obstruction and the pressure proximal to
      the obstruction by using pulsed Doppler technique, guided by simultaneous two
      dimensional echocardiography. The ultrasonic equipment recently developed in our
      laboratory was used. It consisted of a 3.0 MHz pulsed ultrasonic transducer with
      a 4.4 KHz repetition rate and a mechanical sector scanner equipped with a single
      concave transducer 1.3 cm in diameter having a 70 mm radius of curvature. The
      sample volume was approximately 3 X 3 X 3 mm. Doppler signals obtained were
      subjected to a real-time analyzer with a fast Fourier transformer, and were
      simultaneously recorded on a thermal recorder as a spectral display together with
      an M-mode echocardiogram, lead II ECG, phonocardiogram and mechanocardiogram. Ten
      adults with HOCM were the subjects in the present study. For six of the 10, good
      pressure tracings were obtained. The pressure differences estimated by the
      maximum velocity as measured from the Doppler signals at the left ventricular
      (LV) outflow tract and the pressure gradients as obtained by cardiac
      catheterization were subjected to correlative analysis. Prior to investigating
      the pressure differences, the site and mechanism of the outflow obstruction in
      HOCM were studied in two cases using two-dimensional echocardiography in the
      longitudinal- and short-axis views. The obstruction was produced during systole
      by posteroinferior displacement of the hypertrophied interventricular septum and
      by abnormal anterosuperior movement of the hypertrophied, and elongated anterior
      or posterior papillary muscles. Thus, a concentric and centripetal narrowing was
      formed at the midportion of the outflow tract. In some cases, a bottle-shaped
      chamber was clearly observed in the apical area. Ultrasonic Doppler examinations
      were performed by the apical approach. Flow velocity patterns in the apical
      region or proximal to the obstruction had two peaks with a narrow spectrum in
      systole. At the distal portion or downstream the obstruction had a pattern with a
      narrow spectrum and a sharp single peak. To measure the maximum flow velocity,
      Doppler velocity patterns recorded immediately distal to the obstruction were
      used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3841913
TI  - Intracranial hypertension without hydrocephalus due to small bleedings from a
      giant carotid aneurysm.

PMID- 3841914
TI  - Epidemiology and sequelae of head injury in San Marino Republic.
AB  - A study of head injuried patients was carried out in the smallest nation in the
      world (Republic of San Marino) from January 1981 to December 1982. The results
      show an epidemiological incidence of 468 cases/10(5) population/year in regards
      to Hospital admissions, whereas the cases are 694/10(5) population/year when
      taking into account also patients seen only by Accident and Emergency Department.
      The consequences of the head injury (Post Traumatic Syndrome, PTS) were studied
      in 187 patients having comparable features on admission and discharge, and being
      all residents of the Republic of San Marino. Factors significant in determining a
      PTS seem to be a history of previous head injuries, the presence of previous
      neuropsychiatric disturbances and an abnormal E.E.G. on admission. The time of
      onset of the syndrome, associated with the above mentioned factors, can be
      important in determining whether the PTS is of neurotic or organic origin.

PMID- 3841915
TI  - Neuropsychological sequelae after head injury with mesencephalic coma in
      childhood.
AB  - Eleven children aging between 4 years 11 months and 12 years 6 months were
      examined periodically over five years following closed head injury with
      mesencephalic coma (Plum and Posner's definition). It was found that although
      transient sequelae (neurological and cognitive) on coma resolution were severe,
      long-term recovery was generally good. The subjects had drug, neurological and
      psychological treatment during the 2-5-years period and showed apparently better
      recovery than reported in literature for trauma in adults. This suggests that the
      mildly controversial "age" variable is highly important in long-term prognosis of
      impairments following head injury. Further studies will be necessary; with the
      systematic use of the same standardised testing procedures in all studies, we
      suggest to obviate the problems in collation arising from discrepancies in
      methodological, neurological and psychological techniques.

PMID- 3841916
TI  - The benign acute epidural haematoma.
AB  - The Authors propose a new approach to the treatment and prognostic evaluation of
      post-traumatic supratentorial acute epidural haematoma (PSAEH). As far as this
      lesion is concerned a group of patients with a favourable prognosis and without
      indications for a surgical treatment may be identified. To this purpose, the
      clinical picture, characterized by a slight symptomatology undergoing a
      regression phase (stupor, headache, etc.) and a skull CT-scan, characterized by a
      slight shift of the middle line structures and by the volume of haematoma less
      than 55 cc, are important aids.

PMID- 3841917
TI  - Pseudoclaudication in lumbar disc protrusions. Contribution in understanding the
      etio-pathogenetic factors of the syndrome and surgical results in eight cases.
AB  - Eight cases of pseudoclaudication in patients with herniated lumbar discs are
      reported. Clinical features and variations in clinical patterns are briefly
      described. The hypotheses concerning the mechanisms causing pseudoclaudication,
      formulated by some authors, are discussed. It is suggested that this particular
      syndrome might be related to an arrangement of the spinal circulation with one
      lumbar or sacral accessory artery playing an important role in supplying the
      lower portion of the spinal cord.

PMID- 3841918
TI  - Peripheral PICA aneurysm. Case report.
AB  - One case of aneurysm of the right distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery
      (PICA), arising from the telo-velo tonsillary segment, is reported; the patient,
      a 73 years-old woman, was successfully treated by clipping procedure. Few similar
      cases are reported in literature. Among all intracranial aneurysms, PICA
      aneurysms account for 0.5-0.7%; most of them arise from vertebro-basilar
      junction, while only 72 distal PICA aneurysms are reported in literature, till
      now, with complete anatomo-radiological study. We recommend four vessel
      angiography because these aneurysms are likely to be missed. When determining the
      surgical approach it is important to know from which segment the aneurysm arises.

PMID- 3841919
TI  - Complete removal of a huge olfactory grooves meningioma in a child. Case report.
AB  - The clinical, radiological and histological findings of a huge olfactory grooves
      meningioma in a 14 years-old girl are described. Good result after complete
      removal is stressed and concerning literature is reviewed.

PMID- 3841920
TI  - Giant osteoma of the cranial vault with acromegaly and hydrocephalus. A case
      report.
AB  - A case of acromegaly associated to a giant osteoma of the cranial vault and
      hydrocephalus in a young woman is reported. It can be suggested that acromegaly
      favoured the marked growth of the osteoma. Hydrocephalus resulted consequent to
      both the compression of the superior longitudinal sinus by the tumor and
      alteration of the CSF resorption. The rarity of giant osteomas of the cranial
      vault associated with intracranial hypertension is pointed out.

PMID- 3841921
TI  - [Fibrosis and cirrhosis in the rabbit induced by diethylstilbestrol and its
      inhibition with progesterone].

PMID- 3841922
TI  - [Physiopathological mechanism of pulmonary infarction].

PMID- 3841923
TI  - [Abdominal tuberculosis].

PMID- 3841924
TI  - Progesterone as therapy for retroperitoneal fibrosis.

PMID- 3841925
TI  - [Peripheral nerve pathology in ataxia telangiectasia].

PMID- 3841926
TI  - [Autotransplantation of the spleen].

PMID- 3841927
TI  - Marked heart involvement in Becker's type muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 3841928
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus and ascending motor paralysis].

PMID- 3841929
TI  - [Respiratory mucus].

PMID- 3841930
TI  - [Cirrhotic hydrothorax].

PMID- 3841931
TI  - [Acute and reversible worsening of multiple sclerosis treated with
      plasmapheresis. A form of Uhthoff symptom?].

PMID- 3841932
TI  - [Clinical diagnosis of cerebrovascular accidents without changes in
      consciousness. Its correlation with computed tomography].

PMID- 3841933
TI  - [Still's disease in children and adults. Comparative study of its clinical,
      serological and histocompatibility characteristics].

PMID- 3841934
TI  - [Thalassemia major: chelating therapy with deferoxamine].

PMID- 3841935
TI  - [Effects of verapamil in atrial fibrillation].

PMID- 3841936
TI  - [M mode echocardiography in mitral annulus calcification].

PMID- 3841937
TI  - [Etiology of acute viral hepatitis in a pediatric population].

PMID- 3841938
TI  - [Risk of Swan-Ganz catheterization in primary pulmonary hypertension].

PMID- 3841939
TI  - [medical treatment of a cerebral tuberculoma].

PMID- 3841940
TI  - [Importance of cytogenetic changes in the process of carcinogenesis].

PMID- 3841941
TI  - [Oncogenes, chromosome abnormalities, and neoplastic development in Burkitt
      lymphoma].

PMID- 3841942
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: experience in Argentina].

PMID- 3841943
TI  - [Treatment of chronic multiple sclerosis with hyperbaric oxygenation].

PMID- 3841944
TI  - [Auriculoventricular conduction in the electrocardiogram of the normal mouse].

PMID- 3841945
TI  - [High doses of 5-fluorouracil with allopurinol: doubtful therapeutic efficacy].

PMID- 3841946
TI  - [Effect of retinoic acid on keloid scars].

PMID- 3841947
TI  - An improved alcian-blue stain for the demonstration of acid mucins.

PMID- 3841948
TI  - [Epithelial dysplasias of the gallbladder].

PMID- 3841949
TI  - [Morphologic changes in the liver of the rat after ligation of the common bile
      duct. Model for rapid experimental induction of cirrhosis].

PMID- 3841950
TI  - Acute glomerulonephritis in human brucellosis. Report of a case.

PMID- 3841951
TI  - [Chondrosarcomatous metaplasia in carcinoma of the human breast: its
      myoepithelial nature. Morphologic and immunohistochemical study of a case with
      review of the literature].

PMID- 3841952
TI  - [Pulmonary endometriosis: presentation of a case and review of the literature].

PMID- 3841953
TI  - [Renal microcarcinoma identified by urinary cytology].

PMID- 3841954
TI  - Partial proximal trisomy 15 (p ter----q 14) in a young girl.

PMID- 3841955
TI  - [Pigmentations and melanotic lesions in unusual sites].

PMID- 3841956
TI  - [Congenital sideroblastic anemia with vascularization of erythroid and myeloid
      precursors, severe dystrophy and hepatic steatosis].

PMID- 3841957
TI  - [Transmissible venereal sarcoma in a dog (Sticker's sarcoma) in Somalia].

PMID- 3841958
TI  - [A trial of treating bovine dermatophilosis in Cameroon. The value of an
      antibiotic and acaricide bath combination].

PMID- 3841959
TI  - A serological survey for Toxoplasma antibodies in cattle, sheep, goats and camels
      (Camelus dromedarius) in the Sudan.

PMID- 3841960
TI  - The effect of Babesia bigemina infections caused by cattle ticks on Nigerian
      economy.

PMID- 3841961
TI  - Note on a case of generalised hydatidosis in a dromedary.

PMID- 3841962
TI  - A severe outbreak of sarcoptic mange among goats naturally infected with a sheep
      strain of Sarcoptes scabiei.

PMID- 3841963
TI  - [Preliminary note on the sensitivity of Amblyomma variegatum and Boophilus
      decoloratus (Acarida, Ixodidae) to organophosphate acaricides in the People's
      Republic of the Congo].

PMID- 3841964
TI  - The diurnal activity of Culicoides kingi in northern Sudan.

PMID- 3841965
TI  - Disease constraints on village goat production in southwest Nigeria.

PMID- 3841966
TI  - [Isoniazid acetylation in hepatic cirrhosis].

PMID- 3841967
TI  - [Placental alkaline phosphatase levels in serum of pregnant women: study in
      Salvador, Bahia].

PMID- 3841968
TI  - [Dissociation between leukopenia and hypoxemia during hemodialysis].

PMID- 3841969
TI  - [Femorotibial bypass with non-reversed saphenous vein. Report of 5 cases].

PMID- 3841970
TI  - [Ultrastructural aspects of the reticular dermis in various ages after birth].

PMID- 3841971
TI  - [Alternative therapy in adhesions of the labia minora].

PMID- 3841973
TI  - [Thoracic peridural anesthesia for cesarean section: a new alternative?].

PMID- 3841972
TI  - [The role of superficial parotidectomy in selected cases of malignant skin tumors
      in the neck and head region].

PMID- 3841974
TI  - [Nutritional anemia and intestinal parasitosis in children under 5].

PMID- 3841975
TI  - [Cutaneous tumoral implants by pleural puncture biopsy].

PMID- 3841976
TI  - [Penetrating cardiac injuries: experience in 8 cases].

PMID- 3841977
TI  - [Serum haptoglobin levels and fetal maturity].

PMID- 3841978
TI  - [Volvulus of the small intestine].

PMID- 3841979
TI  - [Hemangiomatosis of the cecum associated with adenocarcinoma of the rectum].

PMID- 3841980
TI  - [Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland].

PMID- 3841981
TI  - [Fibrosarcoma of the stomach: presentation of 1 case].

PMID- 3841982
TI  - [Electrophysiological studies of preganglionic neurons in the superior salivatory
      nucleus of cats].

PMID- 3841983
TI  - [C-H3 enhanced effect of NGF on the dorsal root ganglion cells of chick embryo in
      culture].

PMID- 3841984
TI  - [Effect of raphe dorsalis and locus coeruleus stimulation on evoked potential in
      the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus area].

PMID- 3841985
TI  - [Influence of oleic acid on gastric mucus secretion in indomethacin-induced
      gastric mucosal lesions in rats].

PMID- 3841986
TI  - [Acute hypoxic response of the cardiac pump in conscious dogs].

PMID- 3841987
TI  - [Relationship between coronary collateral flow and hemorheologic changes in the
      early phase of acute myocardial ischemia in the dog].

PMID- 3841988
TI  - [Observations on phrenic discharges during the expiratory phase in the rabbit].

PMID- 3841989
TI  - [A comparative study of the effect of intraocular pressure elevation on ERG and
      VECP in the rabbit].

PMID- 3841990
TI  - [A pressor effect induced by distending the thoracic descending aorta in dogs].

PMID- 3841991
TI  - [Cholinergic control of coronary resistance in the dog].

PMID- 3841992
TI  - Main directions of teaching social hygiene and organizing health care in present
      day.

PMID- 3841993
TI  - Comparative study of the effectiveness of three models of primary health care
      (PHC).

PMID- 3841994
TI  - Preventing and fighting cancer in the Socialist Republic of Romania.

PMID- 3841995
TI  - [The importance of determining exogenous and endogenous aliphatic amines in the
      human body].

PMID- 3841996
TI  - The effect of vinpocetine on cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebrovascular
      disorders.

PMID- 3841997
TI  - Effects of vinpocetine on platelet aggregability and erythrocyte deformability.

PMID- 3841998
TI  - Effect of TCV-3B tablets on the thyroid function in patients with cerebrovascular
      disorders.

PMID- 3841999
TI  - Cavinton in the treatment of acute stroke.

PMID- 3842000
TI  - Effects of TCV-3B (vinpocetine) on blood viscosity in ischemic cerebrovascular
      diseases.

PMID- 3842001
TI  - Oral treatment of vaginal mycoses with Nizoral tablet.

PMID- 3842002
TI  - Experiences with Canesten preparations.

PMID- 3842003
TI  - Health problems and tasks in developing countries.

PMID- 3842004
TI  - Current problems of the clinical use and laboratory control of heparin treatment.

PMID- 3842005
TI  - Venoruton in the therapy of central retinal vein occlusion.

PMID- 3842006
TI  - A new compound of tetracyclic structure, maprotiline (Ludiomil) in the treatment
      of depression.

PMID- 3842007
TI  - Observations with brulamycin treatment in paediatric cases.

PMID- 3842008
TI  - Myasthenia gravis: control of drug-induced cholinergic symptoms with dexetimide.

PMID- 3842009
TI  - Phlebodynamic effect of Doxium in chronic venous insufficiency.

PMID- 3842010
TI  - Clinical evaluation of Calypsol used for induction of anaesthesia for cesarean
      section.

PMID- 3842011
TI  - Long-term Viskaldix therapy in the treatment of hypertensive patients.

PMID- 3842012
TI  - Treatment of otolaryngological mycoses with Nizoral.

PMID- 3842013
TI  - A comparison of zixoryn and phenobarbital induced infusion cholangiography in
      hepatic patients.

PMID- 3842014
TI  - Drug allergy.

PMID- 3842015
TI  - Use of cavinton drip infusion in ophthalmology. Effect of cavinton drip infusion
      on the peripheral resistance of internal carotid artery.

PMID- 3842016
TI  - Treatment of patients suffering from dermatomycoses with nizoral tablet.

PMID- 3842017
TI  - Use of Reanal stone analyser kit for the analysis of ignition residue of urinary
      calculi.

PMID- 3842018
TI  - Antipyretic effect of naprosyn syrup in childhood.

PMID- 3842019
TI  - Treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia of infancy with bebe-tardyferon depot coated
      tablet.

PMID- 3842020
TI  - Treatment of enterobiasis with mebendazole.

PMID- 3842021
TI  - The effects of 19-nor-aldosterone on blood pressure of adrenalectomized
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The relative hypertensinogenic potencies of recently synthesized 19-nor
      aldosterone and its precursor 19-OH-aldosterone were assessed in comparison to
      that of aldosterone (Aldo) in young (6-week-old) adrenalectomized (ADX)
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Infusion of 19-nor-aldosterone for 2 weeks
      by Alza mini-osmotic pumps caused significant, dose-dependent increases in the
      systolic blood pressure (BP) of young ADX SHR; dosages of 0.1 and 0.5
      microgram/day raised the BP from 127 +/- 2 mmHg to 164 +/- 9 and 180 +/- 11 mmHg,
      respectively. During this period, control ADX SHR receiving vehicle only remained
      normotensive. Similar increases in BP were seen only with infusion of slightly
      higher dosages of Aldo (0.5 and 1.0 micrograms/day). In contrast, 19-OH
      aldosterone infused at higher dosages (10 or 25 micrograms/day) caused little
      change in BP of ADX SHR. Full suppression of plasma renin activity (PRA) was
      observed with 0.1 and 0.5 microgram/day 19-nor-aldosterone, whereas Aldo caused
      similar decreases in PRA only at dosages of 0.5 microgram/day and higher.
      Interestingly, although infusions of 19-OH-aldosterone did not cause a
      significant change in BP, these dosages (10 and 25 micrograms/day) significantly
      suppressed PRA. These studies which show that 19-nor-aldosterone is equipotent to
      Aldo, and perhaps slightly more active in ADX SHR, indicate that 19-nor
      aldosterone is a potentially important hypertensinogenic steroid.

PMID- 3842022
TI  - Changes in the sedimentation properties of cytosolic androgen receptors
      associated with activation in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - In cell-free systems androgen receptor (AR) labeled with (3H)DHT at 0 degrees C
      in the presence of 50mM molybdate remains unactivated (less than 3% binding to
      nuclei) and untransformed (7-8S on sucrose density gradients containing 0.4M KCl
      and 50mM molybdate). In the absence of molybdate, however, these complexes
      undergo activation and transformation even at 0 degrees C, albeit, very slowly.
      Incubation of unactivated, untransformed AR complexes at 18 degrees C, or at 0
      degrees C in the presence of 0.4M KCl, greatly accelerated both activation and
      transformation. Activation and transformation are also associated with formation
      of high affinity (3H)DHT-receptor complexes as indicated by decreased rates of
      (3H)DHT dissociation from the receptor. Cytosolic AR complexes labeled with
      (3H)DHT in tissue slices at 37 degrees C, or in vivo, undergo rapid activation,
      transformation and nuclear translocation. The data suggest that activation and
      transformation of cytosolic AR in cell-free systems is associated with changes in
      the physicochemical properties of AR similar to those occurring upon hormone
      binding in intact cells and in vivo.

PMID- 3842023
TI  - Potential long-acting contraceptive agents: esters and ethers of testosterone
      with alpha- and/or beta-chain branching.
AB  - The synthesis of ten esters and two ethers of testosterone (17 beta
      hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) is described. All these possess some form of alpha -
      and/or beta - substitution in the ester/ether side-chain. The work was undertaken
      in order to evaluate the long-acting antifertility effect of such compounds in
      males.

PMID- 3842024
TI  - Unexpected effects of nalmefene, a new opiate antagonist, on the hypothalamic
      pituitary-gonadal axis in the male rat.
AB  - In order to gain additional information on the role of brain opioid peptides in
      the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, we studied the effects
      of nalmefene, a new opiate antagonist, on gonadotropin and testosterone secretion
      in male rats. The results were compared with those obtained with naloxone, a well
      studied antagonist. Acute injections of either nalmefene or naloxone (2 mg/kg)
      produced 4-fold increases in LH and testosterone secretion. In castrated male
      rats treated with testosterone propionate (TP), nalmefene (10 mg/kg) reversed the
      androgen negative feedback on LH secretion; surprisingly, when higher doses (25
      and 50 mg/kg) were injected, the compound lost its ability to antagonize the
      testosterone-induced inhibition of LH levels. In contrast, naloxone was able to
      increase LH levels in TP-treated castrated rats even at the highest dose tested
      (50 mg/kg). Chronic administration of these antagonists resulted in suppression
      of the acute release of LH and T secretion in nalmefene-treated but not in
      naloxone-injected animals. These data are consistent with previous observations
      suggesting that opioid peptides a) exert a tonic inhibitory effect on LH and
      testosterone production and b) participate in the negative androgen-induced
      feedback control of LH secretion. Our results also show that the antagonistic
      action of nalmefene, but not naloxone, is reversed when higher doses are used or
      following chronic administration.

PMID- 3842025
TI  - On the stability of salivary progesterone under various conditions of storage.
AB  - The concentrations of progesterone in saliva of women exhibited significant
      decreases when the fluid was stored in plastic vials for 3 days at room
      temperature or 37 C. The addition of antibiotics or a variety of metabolic
      poisons to the saliva prior to storage did not prevent the progesterone
      decrement. However, the addition of albumin (2 g/dl) was protective, suggesting
      that the protein impeded adsorption of salivary progesterone by the plastic
      container. Saliva could be maintained at 37 C for 3 days in glass vials or at -20
      C in plastic containers for indefinite periods without loss of progesterone
      titers. These data indicate that a patient under luteal function assessment may
      collect saliva samples in glass vials at regular intervals during the latter half
      of her cycle and store them in the freezer compartment of the refrigerator until
      shipment by mail to the laboratory for progesterone assay. With special care,
      plastic vials charged with albumin may also be used.

PMID- 3842026
TI  - A simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for testosterone.
AB  - A new, enzyme-linked, immunosorbent assay for testosterone is described. The
      assay uses horseradish peroxidase coupled to testosterone as the tracer and
      offers the same sensitivity and reliability but greater convenience than
      radioimmunoassay. The assay is also simpler and more rapidly completed than
      previously described assays for testosterone.

PMID- 3842027
TI  - Renal morphology and function and urine electrolytes in experimental acute renal
      failure produced by cyclosporine and ischemia.
AB  - It has been difficult to produce a good animal model for cyclosporine
      nephrotoxicity. It has been suggested that by following 20 minutes of renal
      ischemia with four daily doses of cyclosporine 60 mg/kg intraperitoneally, one
      can create a model of reproducible renal failure. We observed excessive mortality
      (65%), due in part to cyclosporine's CNS effects, with these combined insults in
      the Munich Wistar rat. In contrast, cyclosporine alone in this dosage produced
      only 17% mortality and resulted in a similar degree of renal failure. Pair-fed
      and pair-watered vehicle and saline controls were used. The morphologic changes
      brought about by the castor oil vehicle of the parenteral cyclosporine solution
      were qualitatively similar to those brought about by cyclosporine by light
      microscopy, although the severity of the changes was considerably less in the
      vehicle-treated groups. However, by electron microscopy, pale lipid vacuoles were
      seen only in the cyclosporine-treated groups, whereas dense alterations in
      lysosomes and dilated endoplasmic reticulum also were seen in other groups. Urine
      sodium determined by flame photometry and urine chloride determined by Saltex
      reagent strips tended to be high in the initiation phase of cyclosporine-induced
      acute renal failure and low in the maintenance phase. In animals that developed
      acute renal failure following the combination of ischemia and cyclosporine, the
      initial urine sodium and chloride were significantly correlated with the eventual
      degree of renal failure. The use of Saltex urine chloride sticks in clinical
      urine samples showed that the readings correlated well with urine sodium and
      chloride determined by conventional methods, suggesting that these strips may be
      useful in making a quick diagnosis in the setting of acute renal failure.

PMID- 3842028
TI  - Glomerular filtration rate variations in patients with solitary kidneys after a
      protein load.
AB  - The effects of an oral protein load, consisting of 1.5 g/kg body weight as cooked
      red meat, on: serum creatinine (SCr); glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
      ([125I]iothalamate clearance); and "renal functional reserve" (test-baseline GFR)
      (RFR) were evaluated in two groups of patients with solitary kidneys (SK). Group
      1 had 7 patients with SCr of 1.00 to 1.40 mg/dl. Group 2 had 7 patients with SCr
      of 1.40 to 3.00 mg/dl. SCr and GFR were recorded during the 4 hours preceding and
      the 4 hours following the protein load. SCr rose significantly in both groups
      after protein load (from 1.16 to 1.19 mg/dl in Group 1, from 1.65 to 1.80 mg/dl
      in Group 2). GFR changes were: from 114.8 to 195.5 ml/min, from 59.0 to 107.7
      ml/min, respectively in the two groups. The RFR was smaller in SK patients with
      early renal failure (ERF) (Group 2), 48.70 ml/min, than in those with normal
      renal function (Group 1), 80.77 ml/min. However, despite the smallest RFR, SK
      patients with ERF had the highest percentage increase in their GFR. In
      conclusion, in SK patients a hemodynamic adaptation to protein intake is present
      at different levels of renal function, and further studies are necessary to
      establish whether protein intake should be monitored in these patients.

PMID- 3842029
TI  - Renogram evaluation using an equation of balance for clearance and transit time
      determination.
AB  - A method of [123I]hippuran (OIH) renogram evaluation is proposed, which delivers
      transition rates for total and split renal clearance. It is based on the
      reconstruction of the true kidney input, using an equation of balance and a two
      compartment model assumption of OIH kinetics. Results are compared with clearance
      determinations using whole body principles and transit time determination by
      deconvolution. It is shown that the reconstructed true input corresponds to the
      plasma activity while the vascular volume of distribution corresponds to the
      blood.

PMID- 3842030
TI  - Sensitivity of cortical transit and furosemide response in the diagnosis of renal
      obstruction. An experimental model.
AB  - Several radionuclide parameters are routinely used for the diagnosis of renal
      obstruction. In order to evaluate the sensitivity of those parameters, an
      experimental model of partial ureteral obstruction in rats was used. Neither the
      cortical transit time, nor the response to furosemide could serve to discriminate
      between obstructive and nonobstructive kidneys. These parameters were, however,
      more or less related to the degree of impairment of the single kidney glomerular
      filtration rate and should probably be considered as functional parameters
      reflecting the grade of the obstructive phenomenon.

PMID- 3842031
TI  - Newer diagnostic methods in nephrology and urology. Proceedings of the Fourth
      International Symposium of Nephrology. Montecatini Terme, Italy, April 17-19,
      1985.

PMID- 3842032
TI  - Microalbutest: a new screening method for detecting microalbuminuria in diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - The ability of a new qualitative test tablet, Microalbutest, to detect diabetics
      with microalbuminuria in a screening procedure was evaluated. Samples of 87
      morning urines from diabetics with albumin concentrations over the range 0-200
      micrograms/ml as well as 20 samples from healthy subjects range 1.2-12.2
      micrograms/ml were investigated, and the results compared to measurements
      obtained by radioimmunoassay (RIA). For urines with RIA values above 40
      micrograms/ml the test was positive in 96.4% with only 0.26% false negatives.
      Below 40 micrograms/ml the test results were more uncertain, an average of 30%
      could not be read as positive or negative. The false negative rates were 15.6% in
      the range 21-30 micrograms/ml and 4.2% in the 31-40 micrograms/ml range. The
      false positive rates were 5.7% below 10 micrograms/ml, 8.3% below 15
      micrograms/ml, and 2.5% in the controls. The test was found useful as a screening
      method.

PMID- 3842034
TI  - Society for the Advancement of Contraception. Third annual meeting. Bordeaux,
      France, September 9-13, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3842033
TI  - Assessment of renal injury by urinary enzymes.
AB  - The use of serum enzymes in the detection of tissue damage due to disease or
      toxins is now well established but the full potential for the use of urinary
      enzymes to detect and monitor kidney damage has not been realized. There are a
      number of problems involved in dealing with urinary enzymes and these have not
      always been fully appreciated by research workers. This report discusses some of
      the difficulties and how they can be overcome.

PMID- 3842035
TI  - Muscle cell membranes from early degeneration muscle cell fibers in Solenopsis
      are leaky to lanthanum: electron microscopy and X-ray analysis.
AB  - Lanthanum infusion techniques, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray
      microanalysis were utilized to compare the permeability of muscle cell membranes
      from normal and degenerating muscle fibers of Solenopsis spp. In normal fibers,
      the electron-dense tracer was limited to components of the sarcotubular system.
      However, the insemination-induced degeneration of muscle fibers was characterized
      by the presence of an electron-dense precipitate within the myofibrils and
      mitochondria as well as in the extramyofibrillar spaces. The electron-dense
      material was subsequently identified by elemental analysis to be lanthanum. Such
      data indicate that one of the earliest stages of muscle degeneration involves an
      alteration in cell membrane permeability.

PMID- 3842036
TI  - Blood supply of the caudal mediastinal lymph node in sheep.
AB  - We investigated the arterial supply to, and the venous drainage from, the caudal
      mediastinal lymph node (CMN) in 18 anesthetized and exsanguinated sheep. The
      purpose of this gross anatomic investigation was to determine the CMN's blood
      supply so that a structural base can be used to interpret studies of the
      bronchial circulation's role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema. In ten
      sheep, we cannulated the bronchoesophageal artery at its origin from the aorta
      and injected Microfil. This artery, which branches into cranial and caudal
      divisions 2-4 mm distal to its origin, supplied the esophagus, trachea, bronchi,
      and visceral pleura. The CMN is supplied by the caudal division, as it courses
      between the CMN and aorta. Microfil injected through the thoracic aorta did not
      enter the CMN when the bronchoesophageal artery was ligated at its origin. These
      results indicate that only the bronchoesophageal artery supplies the CMN. In
      eight sheep we cannulated the vein at the head of the CMN (dorsal mediastinal
      vein) and injected Microfil, both peripherally and centrally. Peripherally,
      injected veins reached the CMN and esophagus. The dorsal mediastinal vein
      extended posteriorly to the CMN in three of the eight sheep, eventually emptying
      into the left azygos vein near the diaphragm. Centrally, the dorsal mediastinal
      vein joined the left azygos vein near the heart in six of the eight sheep,
      including the three in which the dorsal mediastinal vein extended posteriorly to
      the CMN. In the remaining two sheep the dorsal mediastinal vein drained centrally
      into the right azygos vein. We conclude that the bronchoesophageal artery
      supplies the CMN and that either the left or right azygos vein drains it.

PMID- 3842037
TI  - Globule leukocytes in the respiratory epithelium of human upper airways: an
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - The ultrastructure of globule leukocytes is described in the nasal and tracheal
      respiratory epithelium of three boys suffering from chronic airway infections.
      The globule leukocytes lie free in the intercellular spaces and appear to be
      migratory cells. They are characterized by intracytoplasmic membrane-bound
      globules, variable in number, size, shape, and internal structure. The globules
      may apparently release their content between the neighboring epithelial cells.
      Human globule leukocytes are also characterized by the presence of
      intracytoplasmic rod-shaped bodies, the significance of which is not known. They
      usually display an extended juxta-nuclear Golgi apparatus, presumably involved in
      the formation of the globules. Comparison of the fine structure of the globules
      in the globule leukocytes with that of the granules found in the subepithelial
      mast cells does not support a mast cell origin for human globule leukocytes. On
      morphological grounds, natural killer cells are postulated as a possible source
      for globule leukocytes. The function of globule leukocytes is briefly discussed.
      We presume that the globule leukocytes belong to the group of migrating and
      secreting cells involved in the defense of the organism against foreign material.

PMID- 3842038
TI  - Migration of macrophages from the marginal zone to germinal centers in the spleen
      of mice.
AB  - Histological observations of the mouse spleen were carried out at different times
      after intravenous carbon injection. Large carbon-laden macrophages appeared in
      great numbers in the marginal zone soon after injection. They came together
      favorably around the germinal centers. Possible migration of these cells toward
      the germinal centers diffusely from the periphery of the white pulp or through
      the periarterial lymphoid sheath was suggested. These macrophages entered the
      germinal centers on a large scale and clustered for a long period--at least 180
      days. Since the same type of macrophages were observed persistently in the
      marginal zone, it was thought that some of them might arise from the blood
      stream. Possible migration of these cells from the marginal zone toward the
      germinal centers was also persistently observed. A second type of much smaller
      carbon-laden macrophages was seen in the white pulp. However, they never showed
      any favorable localization in the germinal centers as did large carbon-laden
      macrophages.

PMID- 3842039
TI  - Interruption of the middle cerebral artery in 10-day-old rat alters normal
      development of distal collaterals.
AB  - Pial surface arterioles join rami of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries
      (MCA) in 10-day-old normal Wistar rats. Normally, the anastomosing branches
      differentiate into small-diameter vessels with significantly greater tortuosity
      (length) by 56 days of age. After interruption of th e MCA in 10-day-old rats,
      large-diameter, relatively straight collaterals were observed 46 or 90-110 days
      later. Evidently altered hemodynamic factors, as the result of MCA interruption,
      prevent the development of a normal pattern of arterioles and augment the
      development of an anomalous pattern of collaterals in young Wistar rats.

PMID- 3842040
TI  - Histological analysis of limb regeneration in postmetamorphic adult Ambystoma.
AB  - Previous investigation into the regenerative ability of postmetamorphic adult
      land phase Ambystoma has revealed that these species have the capacity to
      completely regenerate a limb, given optimal environmental conditions, and the
      gross morphological characteristics of limb regeneration in these species
      compared favorably with the external regeneration morphology of aquatic phase
      forms. The present study concerns a histological and histochemical examination of
      the regenerating limb tissues and their respective extracellular and
      intracellular tissue matrices. Postmetamorphic adult Ambystoma were amputated
      through the forearm, placed within optimal environmental conditions, and allowed
      to regenerate. The tissues were harvested at designated intervals after
      amputation and prepared for light microscopic examination. The limb tissues were
      assayed histologically for similarities to and differences from previously
      established regeneration morphologies. It was noted that specific correlations
      (i.e., apical epidermal cap formation, but outgrowth and elongation, palette
      formation, and digit formation) existed between regeneration histologies in these
      species and those previously reported for the aquatic urodeles, newt, axolotl,
      and larval salamander. By utilizing the histological and histochemical
      characteristics of the tissue, the regenerate limb was divided into five tissue
      units: epidermal, blastemal, soft, hard, and neuro/vascular. Based on the unique
      morphology of their extracellular matrices and respective histochemical staining
      patterns, four distinct blastemal regions were delineated within the blastemal
      units: subregenerate epidermal blastema, soft-tissue blastema, hard-tissue
      blastema, and core blastema. Histochemically, changing patterns of highly
      sulfated, weakly sulfated, and carboxylated polysaccharides and glycosylated
      compounds were located within both the extra- and intracellular stump and
      regenerate tissue matrices during regeneration. In addition, these patterns of
      intra- and extracellular macromolecular material correlated to previous reports
      of similar-type compounds assayed during regeneration in aquatic urodeles. With
      this in mind, the adult land phase Ambystoma can be considered an appropriate
      model system for studies concerning normal limb regeneration.

PMID- 3842041
TI  - Reduced number of brain cells in so-called neural overgrowth.
AB  - Patten described as neural overgrowth a folding of brain tissue into the
      ventricles in abnormal human embryos. Intubation of chick embryo brains release
      cerebrospinal fluid pressure resulting in a similar folding. These folded brains
      have 2.5 times less tissue volume than control embryos of identical stage. This
      study shows, with total DNA measurements, that brain cell number is 50% less in
      folded brains (intubated embryos) as compared to control brain of identical
      staged embryos.

PMID- 3842042
TI  - Cell differentiation in the retina of the mouse.
AB  - Cell differentiation in the retina of the mouse during the postnatal period was
      studied by autoradiography. Animals were injected with 3H-thymidine at ages
      extending from the day of birth through postnatal day 11. Six weeks later the
      distribution of labeled nuclei in the cells of the mature neural retina was
      analyzed to determine when these cells completed their final mitosis prior to
      differentiating. Central and peripheral zones were analyzed separately. Cell
      division ceases by 5-6 days in the center of the retina and by 11 days in the
      periphery. Among cells produced postnatally, 73% differentiate as rods, 20% as
      bipolar cells, 6% as Muller cells, and 1% as amacrine and ganglion cells. At all
      stages of embryogenesis, the differentiation of at least three and as many as six
      distinct types of specialized cells is initiated simultaneously within the
      ventricular cell population.

PMID- 3842043
TI  - Variational anatomy of the deep femoral artery.
AB  - The deep femoral artery is frequently incorporated in vascular reconstructive
      procedures in the proximal leg. To study the branching variations of this artery,
      we dissected 100 legs and then classified the anatomical patterns. The deep
      femoral artery originates a median distance of 4.4 cm from the inguinal ligament.
      The origin of the lateral circumflex artery varied greatly. When it branched from
      the deep femoral, the origin of the lateral circumflex was 1.5 cm (median) from
      the origin of the deep femoral. The medial circumflex artery originated from the
      deep femoral in 63% of the specimens. It arose separately from the common femoral
      and more proximally in 26% of the specimens, branching an average of 2.15 cm
      (median) above the deep femoral origin. Familiarity with these variations is
      essential to the vascular surgeon and,therefore, we have included diagrams based
      on our study as a ready reference.

PMID- 3842044
TI  - Computer-aided reconstructive morphology of the baboon abducens nucleus.
AB  - Our previous effort at reconstructive morphology included the marriage of the
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) neurohistochemical method to a Lucite plate
      reconstruction technique. Limitations imposed by this combination of methods has
      led us to develop a computer-based system that utilizes image-processing
      techniques and the data obtained from HRP-processed serial light microscope
      sections. Labeled neurons of the baboon abducens nucleus were identified by HRP
      conjugated to wheat ger agglutinin. Using the resulting serial sections and a
      unique imaging process involving a pattern recognition algorithm, our computer
      based system automatically differentiates neuronal from nonneuronal features,
      delineates the surface boundaries of the neuronal population, and then assembles
      these serial sections into a solid three-dimensional structure that can be
      rotated and further analyzed. A computer-generated solid model of this neuronal
      population has been reconstructed and reproduced in a two-dimensional publishable
      format. It is anticipated that with further development this system will be able
      to utilize data from the same specimen to study spatial relations through three
      dimensional reconstruction, as well as to study the quantitative morphology of a
      neuronal population. Other computer-aided systems are noted, as are the
      advantages and shortcomings of the present method.

PMID- 3842045
TI  - Supplemental clinical dissections for freshman gross anatomy.
AB  - This paper describes a series of nine short clinically oriented dissection
      exercises as supplements for freshman gross anatomy courses. These procedures
      heighten and focus student interest, and they do not extensively lengthen the
      time required to accomplish the regular dissection assignments. The exercises
      are: lumbar puncture, anterior approach for shoulder arthroplasty,
      acromioclavicular dislocation, fenestration of the diaphragm, appendectomy,
      cholecystectomy, display of the facial nerve as in parotidectomy, posterior
      approach for hip arthroplasty, and injuries to the knee ligaments and
      meniscectomy.

PMID- 3842046
TI  - [Institut Pasteur de Madagascar: Annual report 1984].

PMID- 3842047
TI  - [Endemic goiter in school children of Salta Province, Argentina].
AB  - The Province of Salta, located in the northwest of Argentina, showed severe
      endemic goiter-cretinism. The purpose of our work, therefore, was to evaluate the
      results of the iodized salt prophylaxis measure implemented since 1963. In 1980
      1981 the prevalence of goiter was determined in 16,935 school children whose ages
      ranged from four to 15 years. The urinary iodine/creatinine index was also
      determined in a subsample of 401 children. Findings revealed that the goiter
      prevalence in the Province was 16.1%. In 10 Departments of the Province, those
      with greater socioeconomic development and denser population, the prevalences
      found were below 10%, limit established as endemic. In the remaining 13
      Departments, especially in those less developed--where mountainous regions make
      their access difficult and hence, their populations consume non-iodized salt
      obtained from natural salt basins--values exceeded this limit. The average
      ioduria was 104.0 micrograms I/g Cr, with 4.5% presenting values below 25
      micrograms. After 20 years of prophylaxis, endemic goiter has therefore been
      partially eradicated. It is suggested, however, that consumption of iodized salt
      and, even the supply of iodized oil in those areas where prevalence is high, be
      recommended.

PMID- 3842048
TI  - [A new alternative for estimating recommendations of protein intake in humans.
      Protein requirements of an adult population fed with a diet based on rice and
      beans].
AB  - This paper proposes a new approach to estimate the protein needs of a population;
      recommendations are also made on the protein intake of adults fed diets based on
      rice and beans. For this purpose, the nitrogen balance data previously reported
      for 40 adult human subjects who had participated in 160 nitrogen balance periods
      fed diets based on rice and beans, with and without animal protein and/or energy
      supplementation were used. The proposed method is based on the curvilinear
      response between nitrogen intake and its nitrogen balance. The second degree
      equation describing the relationship between nitrogen balance and intake is
      calculated. Using the mathematical concept of the first and second derivatives,
      the point of inflexion is obtained, and interpreted as that condition wherein the
      individual utilizes with maximum efficacy the ingested nitrogen; nitrogen
      ingestion, which corresponds to that point, is therefore taken as the dietary
      nitrogen recommendation for the individual. When the values obtained by means of
      the quadratic equation are compared to those obtained by the traditional linear
      equation, values were found to be statistically equal (p less than 0.05) for both
      calculation methods. The recommended protein intake of an adult population fed a
      diet based on rice and beans was 0.80 and 0.77 g/kg/day for the quadratic
      approach, and for the conventional method, respectively. When this diet was
      supplemented with 10% milk protein and with the same energy level, the calculated
      values were 0.64 and 0.71 g protein/kg/day for both methods, in this same order.
      The essential amino acid intake and absorption values were also calculated from
      the protein levels recommended by both methods to be in nitrogen balance, from a
      diet based on rice and beans. Findings revealed, in all cases, that the intakes
      of each and all essential amino acids met those levels indicated by FAO/WHO, with
      the exception of isoleucine and the sulphur-containing amino acids, which
      apparently limit the quality of the diet.

PMID- 3842049
TI  - [Anthropometric characteristics of school children graduated from basic and
      secondary education in the Metropolitan area of Santiago de Chile].
AB  - An anthropometric assessment of the nutritional status and growth of students
      graduating from Basic (8th grade) and Secondary (4th grade) Education was carried
      out. A group sample of 522 students from the Metropolitan Area of Santiago,
      Chile, was randomly selected. The same number of students by sex, dependency
      (public and private schools) from high, medium and low socioeconomic levels (SEL)
      was chosen. SEL was measured through the Graffar Modified Scale, and the
      percentage of weight for age (% W/A), height/age (% H/A) and weight/height (%
      W/H) were evaluated in accordance with the National Center for Health Statistics
      (NCHS) reference pattern. The % adequacy of head circumference/age (% HC/A) was
      determined by the Tanner Tables, and the % of upper to lower segment ratio (%
      US/LS), by the Tables of Muzzo et al. Results revealed that the % of W/A and of
      H/A were diminished in students of both sexes, while the % of UP/LS, was
      increased in males of low SEL, from Basic Education; this impact is lost in males
      graduating from Secondary Education and persists only in the LSE females. No
      differences in the nutritional status (% W/H) of students according to SEL, were
      found. Females registered values over 110% of the WHO standard, a finding
      suggesting a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. We conclude that there is
      a growth retardation in students graduating from 8th Basic Grade, which persists
      only in females from 4th grade of Secondary Education. This finding indicates
      that, in addition to possible environmental factors, other factors, probably of
      genetic order, also influence the latter. Overweight and obesity, therefore,
      constitute an important problem that merits measures of preventive nature
      directed to avoid future consequences.

PMID- 3842050
TI  - [Relationship between the included levels of coffee pulp and the protein content
      in rations for monogastric animals].
AB  - The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of including fresh and
      ensilaged coffee pulp in rations for monogastric animals, and find the best
      protein and coffee pulp levels in rations for rats. Fresh coffee pulp and pulp
      ensilaged for 12 months were used; both kinds of pulp were sun-dried before
      incorporating them into the rations. The chemical analyses of the pulps revealed
      a lower content in caffeine, tannins, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in the
      ensilaged pulp than in fresh coffee pulp. Thirty-two experimental rations were
      prepared, 16 with fresh coffee pulp and 16 with the ensilaged by-product,
      distributed into four different protein levels (10, 15, 20 and 25%), and three
      levels of pulp (15, 30 and 45%) for each protein level. The rations thus prepared
      were fed to Wistar albino rats for a six-week period. The parameters used to
      measure the effect of the two types of pulp were mortality rate, food
      consumption, weight gain, food conversion and apparent digestibility of the
      rations. Ensilaged pulp had a higher nutritive value, lower toxicity and better
      digestibility than fresh pulp. The increase in the protein level of the ration
      resulted in partial protection against the negative effects of coffee pulp on the
      performance of animals, since this improved as the protein level of the ration
      increased.

PMID- 3842051
TI  - Development of a compressed product made with sardine.
AB  - The per capita consumption of marine products is very low in Mexico, averaging
      less than 4 g/day. This fact has been partially attributed to the costly
      techniques used in their preservation, which result in high market prices
      unaffordable for large segments of the population. Previous research lead to the
      development of pressed and salted patties based on lean fish species, the low
      cost and easy preservation of which would contribute to a higher fish consumption
      among the low socio-economic strata of the Mexican population. The present work
      was directed to adapt the procedure to sardine, which is more abundant and less
      expensive than lean fish species. Since defatting the sardine lead to poor
      sensorial characteristics of the patties, measures were taken to protect the fat
      from oxidation, through the use of BHT and citric acid. The best results were
      obtained with descaled sardine, and with the addition of 8% NaCl, 10% corn flour
      and a condiment mixture. The resulting product had 32% of high-quality protein
      and a shelf life of at least six months under environmental conditions. Its cost
      per gram of protein was one-third lower than the price of fresh or canned
      sardine. Sensorial tests revealed an acceptability of 82%.

PMID- 3842052
TI  - [Microbiological quality of home-made cheese produced in Costa Rica].
AB  - The microbiological quality of 205 samples of home-made cheese prepared from raw
      milk in six rural zones of Costa Rica was studied. In addition to determining
      their microbiological quality, recommendations are also issued for reducing to a
      minimum, the deficient sanitary conditions under which they are produced.
      Collection of samples was done directly at the producing farms. The following
      microbiological analyses were then undertaken: Staphylococcus aureus,
      thermonuclease (TNase) positive. Determination of most probable number (MPN) of
      coliform organisms of fecal origin. Total count of molds and yeasts, and
      Enumeration of mesophilic aerobic bacteria. As the data revealed, all samples
      contained high counts of the four microorganisms investigated, therefore
      demonstrating the deficient microbiological quality of the home-made cheese. On
      the basis of results obtained, a series of practical recommendations are
      suggested to improve the poor sanitary conditions under which they are now
      prepared.

PMID- 3842053
TI  - [Biochemical and nutritional studies of germinated soybean seeds].
AB  - The purpose of this work was to determine the biochemical and nutritional changes
      of soybean seeds during germination. Soybean seeds were soaked for a period of
      eight hours and then germinated for 0, 1, 3 and 5 days. Part of them was
      subjected to an autoclave process. Then, both the raw and cooked seeds were
      dried, ground and analyzed. During the germination process an increase in the
      percentage content of protein and fiber in the seeds occurred; cooked seeds, in
      contrast, showed a slight decrease with respect to the former. Ether extract
      increased in percentage until the third day, and then decreased on the fifth. In
      the cooked seeds, higher values than in the raw seeds were obtained, due to the
      fact that when seeds were autoclaved, protein and carbohydrate losses occur. In
      regard to ash content, this diminished in percentage as germination advanced; the
      same happened to the free-protein extract. The raffinose and stachyose sugars,
      factors which cause flatulence, disappeared on the third germination day. As to
      nitrogen extraction, a greater percentage was obtained using distilled water as
      solvent, both for the raw and cooked seeds, than when using NaOH and NaCl. The
      trypsin inhibitors content increased on the first day of germination and then
      decreased. Ungerminated, autoclaved seeds, showed no trypsin inhibitors activity,
      whereas in the germinated cooked seeds, it increased slightly as germination days
      went by. Regarding protein efficiency ratio (PER), seeds with 0, 1 and 3
      germination days presented no significant differences among them, the cooked
      seeds exhibiting higher values than the raw seeds. Apparent digestibility
      increased as the germination period advanced, having obtained better values when
      they were autoclaved. In the soybean milk acceptability test, no significant
      differences were observed between milk from ungerminated soybean seeds, and milk
      from the 3-day germinated seeds.

PMID- 3842054
TI  - [Extraction and quantification of polyphenols from coffee pulp].
AB  - The polyphenol content of coffee pulp extracts was determined using the Folin
      Ciocalteau method. The use of polyvynilpirrolidone (PVP) was introduced in order
      to eliminate interferences. Condensed polyphenols in the extracts were determined
      by the method of acidified vanillin. Chlorogenic acid and catechin were used as
      standards for Folin-Ciocalteau and Vanillin methods, respectively, and a
      calibration curve was constructed for each solvent. The solvents used were
      methanol, methanol-water (50:50), ammonium hydroxide (3%) and calcium hydroxide
      (1%), using times of extraction of 10 minutes and 1 hour. No differences were
      found in the amount of polyphenols extracted by the different solvents at the two
      extraction times. After 10 minutes, the alkaline solvents NH4OH (3%) and Ca(OH)2
      (1%), extracted more polyphenols than the other two solvents. Nevertheless,
      ammonium hydroxide (3%) was more efficient in extracting condensed polyphenols.
      The results herein presented suggest that treating coffee pulp with mild alkaline
      solvents may improve its nutritive value.

PMID- 3842055
TI  - Studies on the development of infant foods from plant protein sources. Part II.
      Effect of processing conditions on the chemical and nutritive properties of
      chickpea (Cicer arietinum).
AB  - In order to improve the taste, flavor and nutritional quality of chickpea (Cicer
      arietinum), various processing conditions were studied. The decorticated samples
      were processed under various conditions, either by presoaking or non-soaking in
      water or sodium carbonate solution. The proteins were also isolated from water or
      carbonate-presoaked chickpea and subjected to various processing. Carbonate
      presoaked samples gave slightly lower protein and ash values. No major changes in
      other constituents were observed. Subjective analysis of the intensity of
      characteristic chickpea flavor in processed samples was carried out, indicating
      some improvement in the carbonate-presoaked samples. Carbonate-treated samples
      exhibited a lighter color. The carbonate presoaking procedure had no adverse
      effect on the availability of lysine and nitrogen solubility index (NSI), as
      compared to the water-presoaking procedure. The time required to inactivate
      trypsin inhibitors in carbonate-presoaked chickpea at boiling temperature, was
      half that required in the case of water-presoaked ones. Under the conditions used
      in treating chickpea with sodium carbonate, no beneficial effect was observed in
      reducing the tannin content. No significant differences were observed in net
      protein ratio (NPR) among the various processed chickpea samples, even though in
      some cases isolated protein gave significantly lower NPR values. Digestibility
      values were higher for isolated protein than for whole chickpea samples.

PMID- 3842056
TI  - [Protein concentrate of African oil palm (Elaesis guineensis, Jacquin),
      extraction process and functional properties].
AB  - A study was carried out for the purpose of obtaining and characterizing a protein
      concentrate obtained from defatted oil palm cake using alkaline extraction, and
      compare it with a commercial soy meal. The oil palm cake came from a national
      industry as a subproduct of the oil extraction of the palm kernels. The moisture,
      protein, fat, crude fiber and ash content of the oil palm was then determined.
      The optimum conditions for extraction and precipitation of the proteins were
      selected. These were the following: extraction at pH, 11.4; adding NaOH 0.06 M
      solvent; a meal/solvent relation of 1:20 g/ml and extraction time, 20 minutes
      with magnetic agitation, and precipitation at pH 5.3. The protein concentrate
      obtained contained: 66.50% protein; 0.07% fat, 0.90% crude fiber, and 3.20%
      ashes. Then the following functional properties were analyzed: solubility,
      according to the pH; water absorption (250); oil absorption (175); emulsion
      activity (27.2), and stability (13.6). The author concludes that the protein
      concentrate has good water and oil absorption when compared to soymeal; the
      emulsion, however, was found to be unstable to heat.

PMID- 3842057
TI  - Industrial corn flour enrichment with whole amaranth flour and milling fractions
      in corn-based products.
AB  - Whole flour and milling fractions of raw amaranth seeds were used in 90:10, 80:20
      and 50:50 mixtures with industrialized corn flour (MINSA) to prepare tortillas
      and arepas, basic nutritional foods in several Latin American countries. The
      three corn-amaranth mixtures showed a good protein and fat content as well as
      amino acid profile, and presented adequate physical characteristics for making
      tortillas. Amaranth whole flour and commercial corn flour mixtures in the
      proportion of 80:20 and 50:50 were found suitable for the preparation of arepas.
      Protein and fat content were substantially improved, with no changes in
      organoleptic characteristics. The Mexican type of Amaranthus cruentus, selected
      due to its availability and bromatologic properties, yielded products of
      excellent nutritional quality, according to their amino acid content and protein
      efficiency ratio (PER). The protein-rich (1R) and starchy (2-R) fractions
      obtained by air classification, also yielded good results when substituting
      amaranth flour. The afore-mentioned flours and air-classified fractions of the
      50:50 mixtures proved to be adequate in gruel preparations when used in 1:8 and
      1:12 dilutions, as they improved their organoleptic characteristics. Flakes and
      extrudates were also used, yielding products with a 13.3-15% protein content, 1.7
      3.7% fat, and 65.2-74.2% carbohydrates. In addition, extrudates were utilized to
      prepare snacks of better nutritional quality than existing similar commercial
      products. Improvement of the tortilla's mineral and fatty acid contents was
      achieved in every case. Enrichment of this product with whole amaranth flour is,
      therefore, recommendable for use in programs aimed at improving the nutritional
      status of the population.

PMID- 3842058
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the protective effect of broxaterol and salbutamol in
      bronchial spasm induced with an ultrasonic aerosol of distilled water].

PMID- 3842059
TI  - [Mezlocillin in the therapy of patients with chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 3842061
TI  - [Ventilatory function of the lungs and anthropometric characteristics].

PMID- 3842060
TI  - [Interference of digoxin-like immunoreactive substance in the analysis of digoxin
      in pulmonary pathology: preliminary results].

PMID- 3842062
TI  - [Subjective symptoms and blood pressure values in workers in knit-fabric textile
      mills].

PMID- 3842063
TI  - Biochemical and enzymological changes in liver and kidney of Clarias batrachus
      following lithium intoxication.

PMID- 3842064
TI  - [Working conditions and the health care of workers in a foundry].

PMID- 3842066
TI  - [Medical and technologic aspects of the manifestation of silicosis in workers in
      the Prvomajska Foundry, Zagreb].

PMID- 3842065
TI  - [Morbidity in foundry workers in Slavonska Pozega].

PMID- 3842067
TI  - [Respiratory tract diseases and pneumoconiosis in smelters in the Duro Dakovic
      Foundry in Slavonski Brod].

PMID- 3842068
TI  - [Working conditions and the health status of workers in the Konjscina Foundry in
      Zagreb].

PMID- 3842069
TI  - [Occupational diseases of workers in the foundry and metal works plant in
      Varazdin].

PMID- 3842070
TI  - [Health disorders in cleaners of iron casting molds].

PMID- 3842071
TI  - Cardiac amyloidosis: five cases diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy.
AB  - Between October 1974 and December 1985, 350 patients have been subjected to
      endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). Five of these subjects clinically presented
      restrictive cardiomyopathy symptoms. EMB revealed diffuse cardiac amyloidosis.
      Light-electron-microscopic and morphometric data have been reported. The role of
      EMB in the diagnosis of cardiac disease is also emphasized.

PMID- 3842072
TI  - Pure granulosa cell tumour of the testis. Report of a case and review of the
      literature.
AB  - A case of pure granulosa cell tumour of the testis is described. To the author's
      knowledge this is the 5th documented case reported in the literature. The
      patient, a normal 44-year-old male noted a gradual right-sided testicular
      enlargement for a few months. There was no clinical evidence of gynaecomastia or
      any endocrinological abnormalities. Orchidectomy was performed and the testis was
      found to contain a soft yellow, well-circumscribed tumour which microscopically
      showed the typical appearance of a pure granulosa cell tumour. The patient was
      well and disease free 3 years after diagnosis. The literature concerning this
      entity is reviewed and discussed.

PMID- 3842073
TI  - Ectopic seminiferous tubules in the tunica albuginea of normal and dysgenetic
      testes.
AB  - The histological study of testes obtained from 453 autopsies and 245 biopsies
      revealed seminiferous tubules in the testicular tunica albuginea of 9 children.
      Affectation was always unilateral. Three of these testes were associated with
      mullerian structures and were dysgenetic, showing a thin, insufficiently
      collagenized tunica albuginea, similar to the ovarian stroma. The other 6 testes
      corresponded to: 4 normal children, 1 child with idiopathic male
      pseudohermaphroditism without Mullerian structures, and another with unilateral
      inguinal cryptorchidism. In these 6 testes the tunica albuginea was
      histologically normal. These results suggest that the presence of seminiferous
      tubules in the tunica albuginea is not sufficient to diagnose testicular
      dysgenesis. Such a diagnosis may only be indicated if the tunica albuginea also
      exhibits the other characteristic features of dysgenetic testes.

PMID- 3842074
TI  - Metachronous seminoma of the pineal region and right testis. Case report.
AB  - The case history of a 23-year-old patient suffering from germinoma of the pineal
      region, who later developed a seminoma of the right testis, is reported. The
      possibility that the testicular tumor was a metastasis from the pineal neoplasia
      appears unlikely. The question of whether the pineal germinoma represented a
      metastasis from an occult testicular seminoma or an autochthonous tumor is
      discussed. The latter hypothesis is considered the most likely. The present
      report appears to support the multiple primary origin of, at least some, germ
      cell tumors.

PMID- 3842075
TI  - Testicular torsion: simple grading for histological evaluation of tissue damage.
AB  - Histological investigation of 63 biopsies taken during surgical detorsion of
      twisted testes reveals 3 morphologically different degrees of damage. In grade 1
      injury the testicular parenchyma shows edema of interstice, slight blood
      extravasation and a desquamation of the germ cells. The grade 2 injury is
      characterized by a diffuse hemorrhagic saturation of the interstice and partial
      necrosis of germ cells. The grade 3 injury corresponds to a fully developed
      hemorrhagic infarction of the testis. The biopsies taken within the first 4 h
      after onset of symptoms show a relatively high number of minor changes (grade 1)
      which hold out hope for restitutio ad integrum. Grade 2 injury predominates in
      the period between 4 and 8 h, but it can appear also in the first 4 h. Only after
      24 h all the testes examined are completely necrotic. This study shows that the
      amount of time that elapses between onset of symptoms and surgical detorsion is
      not the only factor to predict the outcome of the injured testis.

PMID- 3842076
TI  - Lipomatous lesions of the thyroid gland: a review.
AB  - Described are rare thyroid lesions which either contain mature adipocytes or
      consist of lipid-rich follicle cells. Of the former, diffuse lipomatosis and
      adenolipoma of the thyroid are most likely to be derived from heterotopic islands
      of fat cells included in the gland during embryogenesis. On the other hand,
      metaplastic origin of fat cells from stromal fibroblasts due to chronic tissue
      hypoxia is presumed responsible for the presence of fatty tissue in amyloid
      goiters. Massive steatosis of follicle cells, as seen in the lipid-rich variant
      of clear cell thyroid adenomas and carcinomas, is, however, claimed to most
      likely result from metaplastic transformation of neoplastic thyrocytes.
      Pathomorphological and clinical features of the aforementioned lesions are
      discussed.

PMID- 3842077
TI  - Histogenesis of anaplastic carcinomas of the thyroid, giant cell variety:
      immunocytochemical investigation.
AB  - The histogenetic and differentiation characteristics of 14 cases of anaplastic
      carcinoma of the thyroid, giant cell variety were investigated on the basis of
      immunocytochemical reactivity with 5 cell markers: thyroglobulin, lactoferrin,
      carcinoembryonic antigen, calcitonin and chromogranin. The first 2 markers were
      found to be present in isolated neoplastic cells. Only 1 case was strongly and
      specifically positive for C cell markers and therefore interpreted as a medullary
      variety of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. The patient is still alive 8 years after
      thyroidectomy. All the other patients died of a tumor a few months after the
      operation. It is suggested that while most cases of anaplastic thyroid carcinomas
      are probably of follicular origin, the medullary variety constitutes a rare
      subgroup of a separate histogenetic and prognostic significance.

PMID- 3842079
TI  - Workshop on early diagnosis in Alzheimer's disease. November 6-7, 1985.

PMID- 3842078
TI  - Sacrococcygeal chordoma: histochemical findings.
AB  - Two cases of chordoma of the sacrococcygeal region have been histochemically
      evaluated. In both cases an irregularly shaped stellate cell, containing large
      amounts of glycogen, is the prevailing cell type. Neoplastic cells interact with
      an extracellular matrix consisting of a collagenous framework and a heterogeneous
      family of glycosaminoglycans with a prevalence of chondroitin sulfate chains and,
      to a smaller extent, of hyaluronate molecules. We emphasize the value of these
      data in order to differentiate this tumor from other sacrococcygeal neoplastic
      lesions.

PMID- 3842080
TI  - Some problems associated with neuropsychological assessment.

PMID- 3842082
TI  - Abstracts of the twenty-second annual meeting of the Federation of Western
      Societies of Neurological Sciences. February 21-24, 1985, San Diego, California.

PMID- 3842081
TI  - Stroke associated with glioblastoma.
AB  - Several months after onset of typical stroke syndromes, two patients were found
      to harbor a glioblastoma multiforme in the area of infarction. Arteriographic and
      late CT studies suggested that one neoplasm caused parenchymal compressive
      occlusion of a sylvian branch mimicking embolism and the other entwined the
      origin of the middle cerebral artery in the leptomeninges simulating
      atherothrombosis.

PMID- 3842083
TI  - The electroencephalogram in Alzheimer disease.

PMID- 3842084
TI  - Brain biopsy in Alzheimer's disease: surgical technique and indications.

PMID- 3842085
TI  - Cerebral biopsy in the study of Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3842086
TI  - Differentiating depression from Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3842087
TI  - Vision: a multimodal sense.
AB  - There is growing evidence for parallel processing of visual information. Visual
      information, spatially or temporally distinct, is transmitted to various regions
      of the brain. This paper presents clinical and anatomical evidence for parallel
      processing in the human visual system. The neuro-ophthalmologist often has
      psychophysical evidence for the separation of visual functions. Our own
      investigations have demonstrated that brightness sense and other visual functions
      may be impaired out of proportion to visual acuity in diseases of the optic
      nerve. Classes of retinal ganglion cells have been morphologically and
      physiologically described in several experimental animals. No such classification
      of retinal ganglion cell types has been made in man. However, psychophysical and
      retinal electrophysiological human studies suggest the segregation of human
      retinal ganglion cells into classes which subserve different functions. A new
      staining method (PPD) has made it possible to directly study the visual pathways
      in man. With this method, we have documented several previously undescribed human
      visual pathways to different brain visual nuclei: the lateral geniculate nucleus,
      the pretectum, the superior colliculus, the pulvinar, and three nuclei of the
      hypothalamus (SCN, PVN, SON). We have also developed a method which permits the
      accurate and rapid measurement of human retinal ganglion cell axon diameters
      through the optic nerve and through the fascicles of optic fibers entering
      several of these recently described visual nuclei. There is evidence for three
      size classes of axons which differentially distribute to the visual nuclei. These
      studies emphasize the need for overcoming the constraints of thinking that vision
      is the same as seeing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3842088
TI  - A new model of focal cerebral ischemia: validation and utility.

PMID- 3842089
TI  - Heterogeneity and prognosis in dementia of the Alzheimer type.

PMID- 3842090
TI  - Cysticercosis--review of 230 patients.
AB  - Two hundred thirty patients with cysticercosis were reviewed. Investigation with
      CT scan has led to a more detailed understanding of the natural history of human
      infestation which is essential to the evaluation of new pharmacological and
      neurosurgical treatments. In contrast to reports emphasizing the need to
      extirpate all intraventricular cysts, many of our patients needed only
      ventricular shunt implantation. The ability to evaluate and reevaluate
      hydrocephalus by CT scan permitted comfortable use of ventricular shunt insertion
      as the only treatment. Nevertheless, cysts in the fourth ventricle should nearly
      always be extirpated, because these cysts, by their mass effect, may cause
      herniation even after shunt implantation. Serious morbidity and death occur
      chiefly in patients who develop hydrocephalus from intraventricular and basilar
      infestation. It is unlikely that praziquantel will be effective in patients who
      present with symptoms of hydrocephalus.

PMID- 3842091
TI  - Stable isotopes in clinical research.

PMID- 3842092
TI  - Left ventricular volume response to exercise in normal and coronary artery
      disease patients.
AB  - The left ventricular (LV) volume response to supine exercise (EX) was studied in
      15 normal volunteers (mean age 44, asymptomatic, with normal resting ECG and
      treadmill stress test) and 28 coronary artery disease patients (CAD, documented
      by cardiac catheterization) with no previous myocardial infarction. Each
      individual underwent stress gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography (RNA) and
      was on no medication. A nongeometric count based LV volume programme developed in
      our laboratory (correlation to biplane cineangiography R = .98), was used to
      calculate end diastolic volume index (EDI), end systolic volume index (ESI),
      stroke volume index (SVI), cardiac index (CI), and ejection fraction (EF). In
      normal individuals, end diastolic volume did not change from rest to exercise,
      while end systolic volume decreased by an average of 16%. In the patients with
      coronary artery disease, however, both end diastolic volume and end systolic
      volume increased (14% and 15% respectively). Furthermore, our preliminary data
      suggest that the extent of the changes may be dependent upon the extent of the
      underlying CAD. While all the CAD patients had an increase in their end diastolic
      volumes, there was no change in the end systolic volume in those with single
      vessel disease, an 11% increase in patients with double vessel disease and a 19%
      in patients with triple vessel disease.

PMID- 3842093
TI  - Electrophysiologic effects of intravenous diltiazem in patients with recurrent
      supraventricular tachycardias.
AB  - The electrophysiologic effects of intravenous diltiazem were evaluated in 10
      patients with recurrent supraventricular tachycardias. The tachycardia
      incorporated an accessory pathway in 7 patients and was due to AV nodal reentry
      in 3 patients. Diltiazem 0.25 mg/kg was administered intravenously over 5 minutes
      during sustained supraventricular tachycardia. Programmed electrical stimulation
      was used to restore sinus rhythm if diltiazem failed to terminate the arrhythmia
      within 10 minutes. Conduction intervals, refractory periods and tachycardia
      characteristics were evaluated before and immediately after drug administration.
      Diltiazem did not significantly modify sinus cycle length, AH and HV intervals.
      Atrial and ventricular effective refractory periods were similar before and after
      diltiazem. The effective refractory period of the AV node was prolonged by 42
      msec after diltiazem (p less than 0.05). Diltiazem increased the tachycardia
      cycle length from 320 +/- 41 to 353 +/- 36 msec (p less than 0.01) but terminated
      the arrhythmia in only 2 patients. After diltiazem, supraventricular tachycardia
      could not be reinitiated in only 2 patients and the tachycardia initiating window
      was not significantly reduced (56 +/- 26 to 41 +/- 33 msec). The infusion of
      diltiazem was accomplished without side effects. Thus, 0.25 mg/kg of intravenous
      diltiazem produces a modest depression of AV nodal function and is not very
      effective in terminating supraventricular tachycardia or preventing its
      initiation in this study population. Further studies using higher doses of
      intravenous diltiazem would be useful to determine its maximal therapeutic
      benefit in patients with recurrent supraventricular tachycardias.

PMID- 3842094
TI  - Spontaneous resolution of severe right ventricular dysfunction in right
      ventricular infarction: documentation by radionuclide studies.
AB  - A case of inferior myocardial infarction complicated by severe arrhythmias and
      right heart failure is presented. Radionuclide studies performed near the acute
      phase and one month later illustrate the reversibility of right heart dysfunction
      caused by infarction. Signs of right ventricular involvement in acute inferior
      myocardial infarction are noted in about 40% of cardiac blood-pool studies: right
      ventricular dilatation with a significantly decreased ejection fraction, and
      ventricular wall motion abnormalities. Follow-up studies in the recovery period
      show good recovery of right ventricular function.

PMID- 3842095
TI  - Influence of temperature and rate on the effectiveness of nifedipine in isolated
      rat heart preparations.
AB  - The negative inotropic effect of nifedipine (0.1-2.5 mg/l) was studied on
      isolated atria at different temperatures (36 degrees, 29 degrees, 22 degrees C)
      and frequencies of stimulation (20, 60, 180/min). The effect on peak force and
      dF/dt increased with dose, frequency and cooling from 36 degrees to 29 degrees.
      Rate of contraction was affected slightly more than rate of relaxation. The
      effect on time to peak was small, dose and frequency independent but potentiated
      by lowering the temperature. An analysis of mechanical transients showed that at
      22 degrees C and 180/min stimulation the effect of nifedipine gradually
      diminished and only slowly reappeared upon transition to 20/min stimulation. In
      spontaneously beating perfused hearts the effects of nifedipine (0.5 mg/l) in
      general did not differ significantly at 36 degrees and 23 degrees C. The heart
      rate was reduced and atrioventricular conduction prolonged. At constant heart
      rate, nifedipine considerably depressed contractions, shortened the action
      potential duration and reduced the height of plateau. These effects of nifedipine
      are similar to those of verapamil in other animal species and the results support
      the idea that calcium antagonists might have secondary intracellular effects
      apart from direct consequences of slow current inhibition.

PMID- 3842096
TI  - Diltiazem reduced infarct size but not ventricular arrhythmias in 48 hour
      coronary embolized dogs.
AB  - The calcium antagonist, diltiazem, was examined for its ability to limit infarct
      size and to diminish the severity and frequency of the ventricular arrhythmias in
      closed chest dogs following coronary occlusion. Diltiazem was administered 100
      micrograms/kg as a bolus, followed by 15 micrograms/kg/min infusion for 48 h,
      starting 10 min after coronary occlusion (11 dogs). The control groups (9 dogs)
      received an equal volume of saline. Risk area and regional myocardial blood flow
      was measured with radioactive microspheres 5 min after coronary embolization.
      Forty-eight hours after embolization, the dogs were sacrificed, the hearts
      sectioned into 4 mm slices and the slices were stained with triphenyl tetrazolium
      chloride to measure the infarct size. Risk size was determined by autoradiography
      of the microspheres. Infarct size, expressed as a percentage of the area at risk,
      was significantly lower in the diltiazem treated group than in the control group
      (47.4 +/- 8.9 vs. 76.1 +/- 6.4%). However, the severity and frequency of the
      ventricular arrhythmias for the first 24 h was not any different between two
      groups.

PMID- 3842097
TI  - Primary cutaneous amyloidosis in Sri Lanka.

PMID- 3842098
TI  - Incontinentia pigmenti in Sri Lanka.

PMID- 3842099
TI  - Gluten sensitive enteropathy in a patient with dermatitis herpetiformis.

PMID- 3842100
TI  - Kawasaki disease in Sri Lanka.

PMID- 3842101
TI  - Treatment of chromomycosis with a combination of ketoconazole and 5
      fluorocytosine.

PMID- 3842102
TI  - Some indigenous beliefs and practices connected with cutaneous disorders.

PMID- 3842103
TI  - Aluminum: a clinical problem in nephrology. A one day symposium, December 1983,
      Antwerp, Belgium.

PMID- 3842104
TI  - What is the value of plasma/serum aluminum in patients with chronic renal
      failure?
AB  - In a region with a relatively low incidence of aluminum toxicity water, dialysis
      fluid and plasma aluminum were monitored in hemodialysis patients before and
      after the introduction of reverse osmosis (RO) water. Before the use of RO water,
      there was a close correlation between plasma and dialysis fluid aluminum with
      exposure to aluminum being reflected equally by either water, dialysis fluid or
      plasma aluminum. Patients with clinical manifestations of aluminum toxicity were
      characterised by a plasma aluminum consistently greater than mumol/l and a
      dialysis fluid aluminum consistently greater than 1 mumol/l. No evidence of
      clinical toxicity was found in patients in whom the plasma aluminum was
      maintained up to 5 mumol/l. Following the introduction of RO water, the dialysis
      fluid aluminum was able to be maintained less than 1 mumol/l, the plasma aluminum
      fell and no new cases of clinical toxicity were identified over the following
      five years. An effect of aluminum hydroxide dosage on plasma aluminum could be
      identified only in patients in whom the dialysis fluid aluminum was less than 1
      mumol/l. Plasma aluminum was found to be a poor guide to bone stores but appeared
      to correlate better with the presence of bone toxicity than total bone aluminum.
      Regular monitoring of dialysis fluid and plasma aluminum is recommended as a
      means of detecting exposure to aluminum as well as the source of exposure and as
      a guide to the risk of clinical toxicity.

PMID- 3842105
TI  - Toxicological aspects of aluminum poisoning in clinical nephrology.
AB  - Several dialysis-related diseases can be ascribed to an increased body burden of
      aluminum (Al). Determination of this metal in clinical samples is of great
      assistance in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Al intoxication. As
      there are many pitfalls in the estimation of Al in biological fluids, the
      performance of these assays should be restricted to laboratories specializing in
      the human toxicology of metals, which are experienced in flameless atomic
      absorption spectrophotometry and which participate in an external quality
      assessment scheme. One laboratory can serve ten dialysis centers. Serum, plasma
      or blood are equivalent samples for the biological monitoring of Al. The assay
      should be performed once in a three month period, but when oral Al-containing
      medication is changed, toxic symptoms are suspected, or levels exceeding 100
      micrograms/l are observed, Al should be determined much more frequently, e.g.,
      once weekly. A high incidence of symptoms associated with Al poisoning is seen in
      patients with serum concentrations (AlS) greater than 100 micrograms/l, and it is
      therefore recommended to keep AlS well below this level. Scalp hair appears to be
      of no use for the assessment of the body burden of Al in the individual patient.
      For "environmental monitoring", regular analysis of the dialysis fluid is
      necessary. The concentration of Al in this fluid should not exceed 5
      micrograms/l; higher levels lead to a positive Al balance during dialysis and may
      eventually result in poisoning.

PMID- 3842106
TI  - Desferrioxamine in the treatment of aluminum overload.
AB  - Aluminum removal is essential in treating patients with aluminum accumulation.
      Currently the most effective method is chelation of aluminum with desferrioxamine
      (DFO). DFO administration has been shown to improve dialysis encephalopathy and
      dialysis bone disease. The optimum dose of DFO and the mode of administration
      have yet to be determined. Commonly between 40 and 80 mg/kg is given parenterally
      once weekly. The very high serum aluminum concentrations which develop do not
      appear to be toxic. The administration of small doses of DFO with each dialysis
      may also be advocated. Monitoring of serum aluminum levels and of iron status is
      advisable during DFO treatment. DFO may also play a role in evaluating tissue
      aluminum accumulation.

PMID- 3842107
TI  - Aluminum-free oral phosphate binder.
AB  - For the purpose of intestinal phosphate binding we have developed aluminum free
      substances. These substances are natural polymers consisting of heteropolyuronic
      acid charged with different cations. The in vitro experiments showed an efficacy
      2 to 3 times greater than Aludrox. During the clinical application, up to one
      year, no serious side effects have been detected. Serum phosphate levels could
      not be lowered in all patients to the desired level of 5 mg% mainly due to
      problems in patients compliance and to low dosage of the prescribed phosphate
      binder.

PMID- 3842108
TI  - Therapeutic drug monitoring.

PMID- 3842109
TI  - The role of the clinical pharmacist.

PMID- 3842110
TI  - Selection of methods for therapeutic drug monitoring.

PMID- 3842111
TI  - Organisation of a therapeutic drug monitoring service.

PMID- 3842112
TI  - Quality control of therapeutic drug assays.

PMID- 3842113
TI  - WHO's vaccine development programme.
AB  - The World Health Organization is playing a major international role in
      encouraging, coordinating, and where appropriate commissioning, research and
      development activities relevant to the control of high priority infectious
      diseases. The Expanded Programme on Immunization would be the vehicle for the
      introduction of new or improved vaccines. In many parts of the developing world
      the health infrastructure is strained to breaking point by the heavy load of
      disease. It has failed to make the best use of the already available technology.
      Immunization provides the simplest, least expensive and most effective
      intervention technology. Every effort is therefore needed to extend immunization
      coverage and lighten the burden on the health infrastructure and accelerate the
      overall development of the vast rural and peri-urban communities in the
      developing world. WHO has, on the one hand, to call on the most eminent
      scientists to give effective and simple interventions, and on the other, on the
      politicians, social leaders, economic managers, medical profession and all public
      health workers to build up the infrastructure to put intervention technologies
      into action.

PMID- 3842114
TI  - Fusarium moniliforme, a new mycetoma agent. Restudy of a European case.
AB  - Fusarium moniliforme was demonstrated to be the etiologic agent in an Italian
      case of eumycotic mycetoma. The fungus produced white granules, which measured 80
      X 133 by 212 X 478 microns. Their edges were entire or lobed and were surrounded
      by an eosinophilic homogeneous material. The hyphae comprising the granules were
      not embedded in cement. The etiologic agent, first considered to be an Acremonium
      species, was restudied and identified as F. moniliforme on the basis that it not
      only produced chains of microconidia but also curved, multi-septate macroconidia
      typical of the genus Fusarium.

PMID- 3842115
TI  - Multiple logistic function versus Mantel-Haenszel procedure in the analysis of
      risk factors for prevalence of hepatitis A antibodies.
AB  - Multiple logistic function and Mantel-Haenszel procedure are compared in their
      ability to control confounding in a large set of data. In this specific
      application substantial equivalence is found between the two techniques. When
      both techniques are applicable and data are not sparse, the authors prefer
      stratification, which is simpler and free of assumptions.

PMID- 3842116
TI  - Imported paracoccidioidomycosis: a public health problem in non-endemic areas.
AB  - Diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis in an immigrant who had returned to Italy
      following a long sojourn in Venezuela prompted a review of imported cases of this
      Latin American disease in nonendemic countries. Forty-two such instances of well
      documented paracoccidioidomycosis were complied. Among these, eleven individuals
      had arrived in nonendemic countries with active symptomatic infections, fifteen
      others were first suspected of having tuberculosis, and four each were considered
      to have blastomycosis caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis and carcinomas. Three
      individuals were considered to have Wegener's granulomatosis or blastomycosis.
      Two other patients were treated for syphilis before being diagnosed as having
      paracoccidioidomycosis. A striking feature of most of these cases was the long
      asymptomatic period following initial infection. The dormant periods ranged form
      four months to 60 years with an average duration of 14 years. The need to
      question patients about travel to or residency in foreign countries is
      emphasized, along with the necessity to include the mycoses in differential
      diagnoses. Three reported cases, all from Africa with no history of travel to the
      endemic areas of the New World, were considered to be doubtful. In one of these,
      Russell bodies apparently had been mistaken for the tissue-form cells of
      Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3842117
TI  - Methodological considerations of epidemiological diagnoses in respiratory
      diseases.
AB  - Since epidemiological research depends extensively on questionnaire responses, a
      comparison of such responses with a standardized medical evaluation was
      conducted. It was found that standardized questionnaires do well in comparison
      for certain kinds of information on chronic conditions. However, clinical
      evaluations will elicit more information, specifically of a milder nature. It was
      concluded that standardized epidemiological questionnaires are satisfactory for
      survey of chronic conditions.

PMID- 3842118
TI  - A family outbreak of tularemia.
AB  - A family cluster of tularemia is described. In a family of three members
      different clinical type of the disease occurred after having been exposed to a
      sick wild hare. From the hare kidney Francisella tularensis type 1 was isolated.
      Pneumonic, typhoid-like tularemia occurred in the father who inhaled hare skin
      hairs and an ulceroglandular form in the mother and in the child who had direct
      contact with the animal.

PMID- 3842119
TI  - Mortality from cancer of the stomach, colon and rectum in the city of Naples and
      the provinces of Campania.
AB  - Utilizing data on deaths from 1951 to 1981, this study attempts to verify a time
      trend for stomach, colon and rectum cancer in the city of Naples. Time trend
      analysis and cohort analysis have shown an increase of colon rectum cancer
      mortality affecting cohorts born after 1871 and a decrease of stomach cancer
      mortality for those born after 1886. A comparison of mortality rates in three
      geographical areas shows that, while there is not any difference for stomach
      cancer, the mortality curves relating to cancer of the colon and rectum are
      higher in the city of Naples than in the province of Naples and the other
      provinces of Campania.

PMID- 3842120
TI  - Risk factors for coronary artery disease in 124 Jerusalem medical students.
AB  - As part of an epidemiologic teaching exercise, we studied coronary risk factors
      in two consecutive classes of Jerusalem medical students (n = 124) and calculated
      a summary coronary risk score for each student. Men were at higher risk than
      women because of greater body mass, higher blood pressure and more cigarette
      smoking. Married males were at lower risk than single males because they had
      lower cholesterol levels and smoked less. Married and single females were at
      equal risk. Jerusalem students smoked more than most groups of American medical
      students and less than their European counterparts. There is reason to believe
      that an exercise of this kind may result in risk-reducing behavior on the part of
      high-risk students.

PMID- 3842121
TI  - Non-melanoma skin cancer and solar keratoses in Australia--a review.
AB  - Non-melanoma skin cancer and solar keratoses are common in Australia due to a
      combination of recent fashions in a predominantly fair-skinned population in
      intense sunlight. Between 2-3% of the population aged 40 years and over have at
      least one non-melanoma skin cancer, and more than 40% of the same population have
      at least one solar keratosis (the majority having more than one). Squamous cell
      carcinoma arising on sun-exposed areas has a significant rate of metastasis. The
      clinical diagnosis of these tumors is often inaccurate, and biopsy is essential
      to confirm all diagnoses of not only squamous cell carcinoma, but also basal cell
      carcinoma. Public education programmes are necessary to reduce the major public
      health problem that non-melanoma skin cancer currently presents in Australia.

PMID- 3842122
TI  - The principles of quality assurance. Report on a WHO meeting.

PMID- 3842123
TI  - Primary health care in industrialized countries. Report on a WHO meeting.

PMID- 3842124
TI  - Adjuvant combination immunotherapy (BCG and levamisole) in malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3842125
TI  - Pineal-thyroid relationship in breast cancer.

PMID- 3842126
TI  - Follow-up study of adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in colorectal carcinoma after
      definitive surgery.

PMID- 3842127
TI  - Serum enzymes as bio-chemical markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of carcinoma
      of the cervix uteri.

PMID- 3842128
TI  - Fluoroscopically guided thin needle aspiration biopsy of deep seated abdominal
      masses.

PMID- 3842129
TI  - Diagnostic role of urine cytology and fibrinogen degradation products in
      carcinoma of bladder.

PMID- 3842130
TI  - Acinic cell tumour of the bronchus (a case report).

PMID- 3842131
TI  - Intracranial presentation of renal cell carcinoma (a case report).

PMID- 3842132
TI  - Mucus producing adenopapillary carcinoma of the parotid gland in an irradiated
      neck (a case report).

PMID- 3842133
TI  - Treatment planning for irradiation of breast cancer--comparative study of
      physical aspects of cobalt vs linear accelerator.

PMID- 3842134
TI  - Relative frequency of oral cancer in Southern Orissa.

PMID- 3842135
TI  - The simplified HF E-800 audiometer: calibration and normative aspects.
AB  - Although numerous viable applications of high frequency (HF) audiometry have been
      demonstrated in the past 20 yrs, a set of specifications analogous to those for
      diagnostic pure-tone audiometers (ANSI, 1969) is lacking. Thus, meaningful
      interpretation of HF thresholds must consider the system employed to assess
      auditory sensitivity. A cost-effective HF audiometer has recently been described
      based on the Grason-Stadler E-800 Bekesy audiometer in the fixed-frequency mode.
      Preliminary results indicate highly acceptable reliability and validity of
      thresholds. In the present study, 20 men and 65 women, all normally hearing young
      adults (170 ears) presenting with negative otoaudiologic histories produced HF ac
      thresholds from 8-20 kc/s. Excursion widths of pen tracings compared favorably
      with those of earlier reports in HF audiometer studies. The composite function
      (both sexes, both ears) was flat through 12 kc/s, with progressively greater SPLs
      required for higher frequencies. Neither gender nor ear-related differences were
      seen. Calibration was performed using the NBS 9 A 6-cc coupler and the
      manufacturer's flat-plate coupler for the Koss HV/X stereophone used. Conversion
      factors were presented so that either coupler could be used. A threshold function
      was recommended for use consisting of the composite median function for 170 ears.
      It was concluded that the Simplified HF E-800, or an analogous unit, could be
      used as a viable clinical tool, surpassing the cost effectiveness of a number of
      different HF audiometric systems.

PMID- 3842136
TI  - Suprathreshold Bekesy excursion widths in normal and sensorineural impaired
      listeners.
AB  - Normal-hearing (N:20) and sensorineural adults (N:15) performed sweep-frequency
      Bekesy audiometry from .1-8 kc/s at threshold and at MCL and UCL with both
      continuous (C) and interrupted (I) tones. Excursion width was measured in 1-db
      steps. Normals exhibited no C-I differences in excursion width at any level, and
      differences between the two groups of Ss were negligible for I tones, but the
      sensorineural Ss yielded significantly smaller widths at 3, 4 and 6 kc/s for C
      tones at both suprathreshold levels. SInce a number of sensorineural Ss did not
      yield tracings at UCL, it was recommended that MCL be traced as one feature of
      site-of-lesion testing. Of the sensorineurals, 75% yielded widths of 5 db or less
      for C tones at MCL, and this criterion in a sweep-frequency Bekesy is suggested
      as of clinical value.

PMID- 3842137
TI  - The relation of chronological age of normal children in kindergarten and grade 1
      to their performance on the Test for Auditory Comprehension of Language.
AB  - For 55 normal-hearing and regularly educated children (Kindergarten and Grade 1)
      aged 62-81 months, the relationship was determined between chronological age and
      performance on the test for Auditory Comprehension of Language (TACL).
      Performance on the TACL related poorly to age (Spearman Rank Correlation
      coefficient: .35, p less than .02). The implication is that the TACL may not be
      sensitive to the normal development of auditory comprehension of language within
      the sharply limited age range examined. The data presented from these 55 entirely
      normal children may be used as additional norms of TACL for that age range.

PMID- 3842138
TI  - Speech reception thresholds using conventional vs high-frequency spondees in
      normals and in subjects with marked high-frequency sensorineural loss.
AB  - Spondee threshold (ST) estimates were obtained on 20 normal-hearing adults and 15
      adults with high-frequency sensorineural hearing losses sloping off above 500 c/s
      at about 15-20 db/oct. Stimuli consisted of tapes of a woman's voice speaking
      permuted lists of 9 conventional (broadband) spondees and of 10 high-frequency
      emphasis spondees developed especially for this research using a discrete
      frequency analysis. For normals, the correspondence was good between the 3
      frequency (.5, 1, 2 kc/s) PTA vs either list. However, for the sensorineural Ss,
      the mean ST for the conventional spondees was better matched to the 2-frequency
      PTA (av. of 2 best of .5, 1, 2 kc/s), while the high-frequency-emphasis list STs
      were better matched to the 3-frequency PTA. It was suggested that high-frequency
      emphasis STs be used with such sloping losses and that ST-PTA reliability checks
      for such Ss be comparisons using a +/- 5-db criterion comparing high-frequency
      emphasis STs with 3-frequency PTA. If conventional STs are collected, they should
      with such Ss be compared to the individual's 2-frequency PTA.

PMID- 3842139
TI  - Masking effects on formant frequency structure variability under selected
      speaking conditions.
AB  - Normal-speaking adults (3 M, 3F) produced 4 vowels (/a/, /i/, /u/ and /o/) in a
      carrier phrase under free and disruptive speaking conditions (masking and/or bite
      block). Formant frequency structure variability was not affected by speaking
      conditions; however, a difference among vowels was obtained. F1 variability for
      the vowel /a/ was significantly different from the other 3 vowels as was the
      vowel /i/ for F2. The results were presented as the volumetric relationships
      which exist between the anterior and posterior F1 and F2 vocal tract cavities.
      The analysis of F1 and F2 variability suggests that once the place of vowel
      articulation exceeds a certain physiological boundary in reference to vocal tract
      cavity size, performance variability accelerates significantly.

PMID- 3842140
TI  - Effects of stimulus frequency on vocal suppression in neonates.
AB  - Three groups, each composed of 15 normal neonates, were exposed to different
      narrowband stimuli, all at 80 db SPL, representing low frequencies (peak level at
      1 kc/s of 75 db, half-power bandwidth of 180 c/s), middle frequencies (peak level
      at 3 kc/s of 75 db, half-power bandwidth of 300 c/s), and high frequencies (peak
      level at 6 kc/s of 69 db, half-power bandwidth of 1 kc/s). Each S in each group
      was tested with the appropriate 4-min control condition for each S where a
      stimulus was not presented. For each group, Ss cried significantly less during
      the stimulus than for the control condition. There was a trend for suppression of
      crying to decrease as stimulus frequency increased (mean suppression of crying
      during the noise presentations, relative to the crying during the control
      conditions, were 148.3, 125.2, and 111.5 secs for the frequencies in order), but
      the differences among the groups were not significant. This suggests that
      neonates do not hear appreciably better at some frequencies than at others, and
      also that neonates do not necessarily interact differently with different stimuli
      because of frequency content. It seems, therefore, that neonates respond on a
      stimulus-response basis that is proportional in strength to stimulus level and
      spectral complexity. Loud complex noises are the strongest stimuli because they
      result in maximum neural excitation. However, narrowband noises can be used to
      indicate something of the neonate's frequency sensitivity.

PMID- 3842141
TI  - A functional measure of front-to-back ratio.
AB  - Monaural hearing aid users (aged 26-75 yrs; mn: 52 yrs) with moderate to severe
      bilateral sensorineural losses tracked free field sweep-frequency Bekesy
      thresholds from .25-4 kc/s in a typical audiological test booth. Each S was
      fitted, on the ear on which S usually wore an aid, with successively 3
      directional microphone hearing aids (DMHAs) now commonly issued, with similar
      frequency response and gain characteristics but with a range, as shown by the
      manikin KEMAR in an anechoic chamber, of 8 db in FBR. Warbled tones were
      presented from a loudspeaker either 1 m directly ahead of or 1 m directly behind
      S's head. The difference in thresholds (180 degrees data subtracted from 0 degree
      data) in db was taken as functional front-to-back ratio (FBR) at selected
      frequencies. These were compared with FDRs from KEMAR. The functional FBR was
      shown to be sensitive enough (p less than .001) to differentiate among DMHAs, and
      the aids were on the average ordered similarly from highest to lowest by both
      KEMAR and functional FBRs. It was found that the data at 1 kc/s were
      predominately useful to test. However, individual differences were such that it
      was concluded that more reliance should be placed on a functional test of FBR. In
      addition, a significant Pearson r of 0.42 (p less than .01) was obtained between
      functional FBR and monosyllabic DS (S/N: 0 db). These results suggest that the
      functional FBR may play an important role in measuring hearing aid selection.

PMID- 3842143
TI  - Periosteal stimulation by artificial tension.
AB  - The role of tension in the formation of exostoses in lathyritic rats was studied
      by applying artificial tension to the tendon of insertion of the adductor longus
      muscle. Exostoses were formed in the periosteum at the insertion site in rats fed
      a 50% Lathyrus odoratus diet, given artificial tension and a normal diet, and
      given artificial tension and a lathyrus diet. The latter were the largest. It is
      concluded that tension plays an important role in the formation of lathyritic
      exostoses and that tension alone can cause exostosis formation in the rat.

PMID- 3842144
TI  - [Measurement of transmucosal potential difference before and after gastric
      mucosal injury in dogs].
AB  - Three mongrel dogs (12-14 kg BW) were used to measure the transmucosal gastric
      potential difference (PD) after gastric injury by electric thermocautery under
      endoscopic control. The parameters obtained after mathematical fitting of the
      experimental data to the inverse Batemen function reflected the characteristics,
      surface and depth of the mucosa injury. These results suggest that a calculated
      gastric response (GR) is appropriate to evaluate the intensity of gastric mucosal
      injury.

PMID- 3842142
TI  - Guinea pig bone marrow basophilopoiesis.
AB  - Basophilopoiesis was produced in guinea pigs with daily injections of sheep
      blood. Bone marrow preparations from these animals and controls were studied by
      electron microscopy at frequent intervals during 14 days of injections. We found
      that the composition of normal bone marrow consisted primarily of neutrophils and
      their precursors, small lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, red blood cell
      precursors, megakaryocytes, and myeloblasts. The basophil lineage and blasts of
      any type were seen infrequently prior to injections. Serial injections of sheep
      blood produced a marked, early expansion of blasts and young basophilic
      myelocytes, followed later by the presence of numerous mature basophils. This
      proliferation was accompanied by a generalized granulocytic proliferation.
      Megakaryocytes also increased in number and were often surrounded by basophils.
      An important finding in this model of basophilopoiesis was the marked early
      expansion of blasts which were not distinguishable morphologically from a
      proliferation of large lymphoid cells and lymphoblasts. These actively dividing,
      ribosome-filled cells underwent Golgi expansion and accumulated vesicle
      containing vacuoles. Later, single and then multiple, typical, immature basophil
      granules appeared. The presence of these granules allowed classification of these
      cells as young basophilic myelocytes. The origin of immature granules from the
      Golgi apparatus was evident. The association of small vesicles in the cytoplasm
      immediately adjacent to immature granules as well as within these evolving
      structures suggests a role for these vesicles in the construction of new
      granules. These in vivo observations of granulogenesis are identical to a much
      accelerated process we have described in mature basophils as they rebuild
      granules after degranulation in an in vitro model. Moreover, the presence of
      multivesicular structures and vesicle-containing immature granules in
      granulogenesis in in vivo studies of guinea pig basophilic myelocytes has been
      helpful for the identification of mouse basophilic myelocytes, both in vitro and
      in vivo.

PMID- 3842145
TI  - Development of Theileria sergenti in the ovary and eggs of the tick,
      Haemaphysalis longicornis.

PMID- 3842146
TI  - Adherence of Moraxella bovis to tissue culture cells.

PMID- 3842147
TI  - Family health culture, ethnicity, and asthma: coping with illness.

PMID- 3842148
TI  - Private fears, global loss: a cross-cultural study of the insufficient milk
      syndrome.

PMID- 3842149
TI  - Differential use of a clinic by Tarahumara Indians and mestizos in the Mexican
      Sierra Madre.

PMID- 3842150
TI  - Implementation of health screening programs using ethnomedical resources.

PMID- 3842151
TI  - [Sociedad Argentina de Investigacion Clinica. 30th scientific meeting. Mar del
      Plata, 24-28 November 1985. Abstracts].

PMID- 3842152
TI  - [Pharmacology of serotonin and vascular function].

PMID- 3842153
TI  - [Programmed atrial stimulation and early limited ergometry after acute myocardial
      infarction].

PMID- 3842154
TI  - [Polymorphic reticulosis and full term pregnancy].

PMID- 3842155
TI  - [Use of photosensitizers in cancer diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 3842156
TI  - [Advances in the monitoring of treatment with oral anticoagulants].

PMID- 3842157
TI  - Secondary malignancies involving parasellar region: clinical manifestations,
      diagnosis and management in 16 patients.

PMID- 3842158
TI  - Criteria for the diagnosis of brain death: report of the committee for
      investigation of brain death in Osaka University, School of Medicine.

PMID- 3842159
TI  - Effect of ultraviolet light on disinfection of the operating room.

PMID- 3842160
TI  - Phonemic analysis, spelling, and reading.

PMID- 3842161
TI  - A pediatric emergencies training program for emergency medical services.
AB  - Accidents are the leading cause of death in children, accounting for more
      pediatric deaths than all other causes combined. Accidents also account for 21.7
      million injuries to children that require medical care annually. Despite
      recognition of this major public health problem, little emphasis is directed
      toward the pediatric patient in emergency medical services education. In response
      to this need, Children's Hospital National Medical Center developed a three-day
      training program in pediatric emergencies for field emergency medical
      technicians, intermediate paramedics, and paramedics. The course consists of 18
      hours of lectures and skill stations focusing on medical emergencies, care of the
      injured child, the special needs of the infant, and the emotional response of the
      child and family in an emergency. Test evaluations before and after the course
      from the 190 participants demonstrate a significant improvement in their
      knowledge and skills in treating pediatric emergencies (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 3842162
TI  - Injuries involving household furniture: spectrum and strategies for prevention.
AB  - We undertook a study to determine the incidence and spectrum of childhood
      injuries from accidents involving household furniture, using coffee tables as an
      example. Our review of data from the Consumer Product Safety Commission indicated
      approximately 250,000 furniture-related injuries in 1982 in the United States, 25
      percent of them from coffee tables. Most of the injuries were lacerations of the
      head and face. In a review of injured children from our emergency department, we
      found that square or rectangular coffee tables with sharp edges were usually
      involved. A survey of pediatricians found that only 40 percent offered any advice
      to parents about hazardous types of household furniture. We conclude that
      furniture injuries are an important hazard for children and suggest strategies
      for prevention.

PMID- 3842163
TI  - Rib fractures in children.
AB  - We reviewed the charts of 21 children admitted to the hospital with rib fractures
      to determine the cause of trauma, the relationship of the number and location of
      rib fractures to other injuries, the course of flail chest in children, and the
      frequency and characteristics of injuries caused by child abuse. Sixteen (76%) of
      21 children were injured by accidental causes, most commonly by motor vehicles.
      However, five (24%) children were victims of child abuse. Nineteen children
      fractured an average of 3.5 ribs (range 1 to 8), while two other children
      fractured 22 and 23 ribs. Neither an increased number of fractures, nor first or
      second rib fractures were associated with more severe intrathoracic injuries. Two
      children with flail chest required intubation but recovered without further
      complications. The five children with nonaccidental rib fractures were young, had
      an unexplained history, and a paucity of multiple trauma. These characteristics
      should alert the physician to the possibility of child abuse in the patient with
      rib fractures.

PMID- 3842164
TI  - Hyponatremia and seizures presenting in the first two years of life.
AB  - During a three-month period, 15 patients under two years of age presented with
      serum sodium concentrations less than 127 mEq/L. Seven (47%) of these patients
      presented with seizures. Hyponatremia accounted for a majority (58%) of the
      afebrile seizures in children under two years during this period. Of the eight
      patients without seizures, four later proved to have cystic fibrosis. Most of the
      patients with seizures appear to represent the syndrome of infant water
      intoxication. Hyponatremia may account for more seizures in early life than has
      been appreciated. Physicians and parents should avoid dietary practices which
      promote water intoxication. The etiology, diagnosis, and management of water
      intoxication and hyponatremic seizures are discussed.

PMID- 3842165
TI  - Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria as manifestations of child abuse.
AB  - Rhabdomyolysis should be suspected in cases of physical child abuse in which
      there is extensive soft tissue injury. It is easily investigated using the
      urinalysis and serum CPK levels. Renal failure is the most common complication
      and manifests itself as acute tubular necrosis, sometimes accompanied by the
      following specific laboratory abnormalities: elevated creatinine-to-BUN ratio,
      hyperkalemia, and myoglobinuria. Treatment is aimed at the preservation of renal
      function and the prevention of complications caused by electrolyte abnormalities.
      A full recovery can be expected for adults with this disorder, but information
      about the pediatric population is sparse. Our series suggests rapid improvement
      with appropriate therapy.

PMID- 3842166
TI  - An infant fatality following verapamil therapy for supraventricular tachycardia:
      cardiovascular collapse following intravenous verapamil.
AB  - A four-month-old infant with myocarditis and supraventricular tachycardia was
      given intravenous verapamil (0.1 mg/kg). Immediately following the dosage, the
      patient developed cardiovascular collapse. Aggressive, appropriate
      cardiopulmonary resuscitative efforts--including ventricular pacing--failed to
      reverse verapamil-induced decompensation. Myocarditis may have been responsible
      for our failure to resuscitate this infant successfully. To our knowledge, this
      is the first reported pediatric fatality following intravenous verapamil. We
      suggest that proven or suspected myocarditis should be added to the list of
      contraindications for intravenous verapamil therapy.

PMID- 3842168
TI  - Cyanosis unresponsive to oxygen administration in three children.

PMID- 3842167
TI  - Imipramine poisoning in a child: lack of efficacy of resin hemoperfusion.
AB  - A three-year-old boy ingested up to 1,500 mg of the tricyclic antidepressant
      imipramine (Tofranil). He entered our facility within two hours of discovery, and
      multiple resuscitative efforts, which proved unsuccessful, followed. Resin
      hemoperfusion was used in an effort to remove imipramine from the systemic
      circulation. Serum concentrations of imipramine and its major metabolite
      desipramine were determined from serum drawn before, during, and after
      hemoperfusion. Serum concentrations of imipramine and desipramine did not change
      appreciably. No improvement in the clinical condition was noted during the
      hemoperfusion period, which was due in part to the fact that our patient was
      clinically brain dead upon arrival in our intensive care unit. Our subsequent
      literature review documents that this case represents the first reported use of
      hemoperfusion in a pediatric tricyclic antidepressant ingestion, hemoperfusion
      removes an insignificant portion of the total amount of tricyclic antidepressant
      ingested, and some pediatric literature misleadingly suggests that hemoperfusion
      may be useful in such patients. Physicians treating tricyclic antidepressant
      ingestion cases should avoid using hemoperfusion; standard supportive care
      remains the essential management response.

PMID- 3842169
TI  - Transdermal scopolamine intoxication in a child.

PMID- 3842170
TI  - Holiday hazards.
AB  - Presented is a selective review of the toxicities of various plants, decorations,
      and miscellaneous items popularly used during the holiday season. Particularly
      hazardous agents include mistletoe, holly, bubble lights, fireplace flame colors,
      alkaline batteries, and mothballs. Specific questions regarding management of
      exposure to these items should be referred to regional poison control centers.
      Avoidance is the most effective treatment.

PMID- 3842171
TI  - Intraosseous infusions: a review.
AB  - Intravenous access is critical in infants and children with severe shock or
      cardiac arrest. However, it is in these clinic situations that venous access may
      be most difficult. The technique of intraosseous infusion may provide a useful
      alternative to intravenous access in the initial phases of resuscitation. The
      method of insertion, indications, contraindications, and complications are
      reviewed.

PMID- 3842172
TI  - Apnea.

PMID- 3842173
TI  - [Biochemical nomenclature].

PMID- 3842174
TI  - [Avian pathology in Ethiopia. Examination of 198 necropsies performed 1983-1984
      at the Debre-Zeit Faculty of Veterinary Medicine].

PMID- 3842175
TI  - [Study of reproductive pathology in cattle in Central Africa: survey of
      chlamydiosis and Q fever].

PMID- 3842176
TI  - [Fluctuations, as a function of age, in the blood proteins of 6 litters of
      piglets in Shaba, Zaire].

PMID- 3842177
TI  - [Influence of age, breed and sex on the blood proteins of cattle raised on a
      ranch in Shaba, Zaire].

PMID- 3842178
TI  - The geographical distribution and animal hosts of Rhipicephalus bursa (Canestrini
      and Fanzago, 1877) in Israel.

PMID- 3842179
TI  - Acute water intoxication in sheep in Sudan.

PMID- 3842180
TI  - Effects of Cissus quadrangularis on goats and sheep in Sudan.

PMID- 3842182
TI  - Phosgene induced edema: diagnosis and therapeutic countermeasures. An
      international symposium. September 23-24, 1982.

PMID- 3842181
TI  - [Note on induced sterilization in the ram in a tropical area].

PMID- 3842183
TI  - Basic anatomy and histology of the lung.
AB  - All studies of toxic effects must compare normal conditions with those existing
      after contact with the toxin. If the effects to be studied involve alterations of
      gross, microscopic or ultramicroscopic structures, then a knowledge of normality
      at each of these levels is essential. This understanding is equally true for
      every organ of the body from the skin to the bones. Our interest today is in the
      pulmonary effects of phosgene; consequently, this discussion of basic morphology
      will be directed entirely at the lower respiratory tract. While most of the
      research to be presented in subsequent papers will relate to experimental studies
      in animals of various species, all are probably intended to have relevance to
      human responses to contact with phosgene. This discussion, therefore, will be
      concerned with the human lung and with examples of two animal species, rats and
      dogs. Since any single author can do relatively little of the vast range of
      studies necessary to establish normal morphology, this discussion is necessarily
      derived largely from the literature. Rather than present copies of illustrations
      and charts, which would require extensive copyright negotiations, and many of
      which would lose detail in reproduction, its seems best to refer the reader to
      the original publications. Most of these are readily available in medical
      libraries.

PMID- 3842184
TI  - Prophylactic and antidotal effects of hexamethylenetetramine against phosgene
      poisoning in rabbits.
AB  - New Zealand white rabbits were exposed to phosgene doses, expressed as Ct
      factors, of 125-3120 ppm X min. Hexamethylenetetramine (HMT), 0.3 gm/kg as a 40%
      aqueous solution, was injected via an ear vein into separate groups of animals at
      5-10 min pre-exposure or at 15 min post-exposure to the gas. Non-exposed and
      exposed, non-HMT-treated animals served as controls. As assessed by survival
      times, gross morphology of the lungs, percent lung water measurements, serum LDH
      values, and respiratory gas parameters, pre-exposure administration of HMT at Ct
      factors as high as 3120 ppm X min provided significant prophylaxis against the
      effects of phosgene. Post-exposure administration of HMT, however, provided no
      antidotal effect even when administered as soon as 15 min after exposure to 125
      ppm X min phosgene.

PMID- 3842185
TI  - A literature review: therapy for phosgene poisoning.
AB  - A literature search designed to collect information on therapy for phosgene
      poisoning has been conducted for the period 1920-1982. To achieve this goal,
      literature services were consulted, cross references were carefully followed and,
      whenever possible, unpublished reports (e.g., from Edgewood Arsenal and Porton
      Research Station) were evaluated. The various therapeutic agents and measures
      described in the literature are presented in alphabetical order. When available,
      detailed data are given for the phosgene dose, interval of time between exposure
      and institution of therapy, therapeutic effect and parameters used to assess
      efficacy. A final summary presents general recommendations for therapy and for
      further research.

PMID- 3842186
TI  - Late sequelae after phosgene poisoning: a literature review.
AB  - The vast majority of phosgene intoxications (including cases with pulmonary
      edema) have a good prognosis. However, nearly all patients complain of exertional
      dyspnea and reduced physical fitness for several months to years after the
      accident; normalization of lung function values, too, may require several years.
      Occasional impairment of pulmonary function appears to be dependent more on
      smoking habits than on the severity of the original intoxication. Pre-existing
      chronic bronchitis may undergo severe and progressive deterioration after toxic
      pulmonary edema due to phosgene. Occupational health check-ups (including
      pulmonary function tests) are recommended for all persons handling irritant
      gases. Every patient having undergone the inhalation of phosgene or other
      irritants will ask the question of possible late sequelae. Due to new forms of
      treatment (glucocorticoids, positive pressure ventilation) the prognosis of
      severe cases has considerably improved during the last decades. The paper tries
      to summarize the present state of our knowledge.

PMID- 3842187
TI  - Mortality and causes of death among workers exposed to phosgene in 1943-45.
AB  - Mortality and causes of death from death certificates were analyzed among workers
      exposed to phosgene while working at a uranium-processing plant in Tennessee in
      1943-45. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated by using death
      rates for U.S. white males. As of 1979, SMRs for all causes and for various
      selected causes were similar in 694 male chemical workers chronically exposed to
      low levels of phosgene in 1943-45 and in 9280 male controls who worked at the
      same plant. SMRs for diseases of the respiratory system were 107 (14 observed vs.
      13.07 expected) in the chemical workers and 119 (292 observed vs. 245.75
      expected) in the controls. In a group of 106 males who were acutely exposed to
      high levels of phosgene, there were 41 deaths observed vs. 33.87 expected (SMR =
      121; 95% confidence limits = 86 and 165). One death, occurring within 24 hours of
      exposure, was from pulmonary edema due to phosgene poisoning (coded to
      "accidental causes"). Five deaths were coded to diseases of the respiratory
      system (SMR = 266; 95% CL = 86 and 622); in 2 of these 5 deaths, "bronchitis" due
      to phosgene exposure had been reported in 1945. Among 91 female workers with
      acute high-level phosgene exposure, frequencies of symptoms and early health
      effects (pneumonitis and bronchitis) differed from those reported for the 106
      male cases; preliminary data on vital status of these females are too incomplete
      for analysis, and further follow-up is needed.

PMID- 3842188
TI  - Response of the pulmonary surfactant system to phosgene.
AB  - Rats were exposed to 240 ppm X min phosgene (1.0 ppm for 4 hrs) in a Rochester
      type chamber. At intervals thereafter over a 4 day period, lungs were removed for
      determination of wet weight; total, microsomal and surfactant protein
      concentrations; surfactant phospholipid concentrations; and 1-acyl-2-lyso
      phosphatidylcholine: palmitoyl-CoA acyl transferase activity. Immediately upon
      termination of the phosgene exposure, microsomal protein and acyl transferase
      activity were reduced below, and lung wet weight was elevated above, control
      levels. From Day 1 through Day 3 after the exposure, all measured parameters,
      except for the phosphatidylinositol constituent of the surfactant fraction, were
      increased above the control values. In general, maximum levels were observed on
      Day 2; however, the acyl transferase activity and surfactant concentration
      continued to increase on Day 3. The results suggest components of the pulmonary
      surfactant system may be involved in maintenance of pulmonary fluid balance and
      the presence of excess water in the lungs as a result of phosgene exposure may
      represent a signal for increased synthesis of anti-edematogenic materials in
      order to promote removal of the inappropriate fluid.

PMID- 3842189
TI  - Pathogenesis of phosgene poisoning.
AB  - Phosgene inhalation in concentrations greater than 1 ppm may produce a transient
      bioprotective vagus reflex with rapid shallow breathing in some individuals.
      Phosgene concentrations greater than 3 ppm are moderately irritating to eyes and
      upper airways. Toxic phosgene doses (greater than or equal to 30 ppm X min)
      inhaled into the terminal respiratory passages render the blood-air-barrier more
      permeable to blood plasma, which gradually collects in the lung. Some time
      passes, however, until the collection of fluid provokes signs and symptoms. This
      period in which the patient experiences relative well-being is known as the
      clinical latent phase. The clinical symptoms which follow and the pathological
      changes underlying them are discussed in detail; dose-effect relationships are
      demonstrated. The regression phase after poisoning has been overcome is briefly
      sketched.

PMID- 3842190
TI  - Early diagnosis of phosgene overexposure.
AB  - At the present time, the following parameters can be recommended for "early
      diagnosis" of phosgene overexposure: Phosgene indicator paper badges, to be worn
      by all persons involved in handling phosgene (these badges permit immediate
      estimation of the exposure dose in each individual case); Observation of the
      initial irritative symptoms of the eye and the upper respiratory tract after
      phosgene inhalation can provide a rough indication of the inhalation
      concentration and dose; X-ray photographs of the lungs make it possible to detect
      incipient toxic pulmonary edema at an early stage, during the clinical latent
      period. A number of additional parameters require further critical investigation.

PMID- 3842191
TI  - Calcium-accumulating inside-out vesicles in sickle cell anemia red cells.

PMID- 3842192
TI  - Three developmentally regulated genes identified by clones from an adult
      Schistosoma mansoni cDNA expression library.

PMID- 3842193
TI  - Myocardial and vascular effects of intracoronary versus intravenous milrinone.

PMID- 3842194
TI  - Excessive binding of the natural anti-alpha-galactosyl IgG to sickle red cells:
      enhancement of red cell destruction by a physiological process.

PMID- 3842195
TI  - Evidence for cycling of aggregate-containing tubules in toad urinary bladder.

PMID- 3842196
TI  - Nuclear mechanisms for the increase of epidermal growth factor receptor in
      squamous cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3842197
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide as a possible transmitter of nonadrenergic,
      noncholinergic relaxation of pulmonary artery.
AB  - Electrical field stimulation of isolated guinea pig pulmonary artery induced a
      brief initial contraction followed by a more prolonged relaxation. alpha
      Adrenergic blockade prevented the contraction and enhanced the relaxation. beta
      Adrenergic and cholinergic muscarinic blockade partially reduced the relaxation,
      but 44.4% of the relaxation persisted after adrenergic and cholinergic blockade.
      The PA relaxation was associated with the release of immunoreactive VIP, both
      before and after this blockade. Tetrodotoxin abolished the nonadrenergic,
      noncholinergic relaxation and markedly reduced the release of VIP. This
      relaxation was similarly attenuated by a monoclonal antibody against VIP.

PMID- 3842198
TI  - Conversion of the antihypertensive neutral renomedullary lipid by the liver.

PMID- 3842199
TI  - Molecular abnormality of urinary glycoprotein crystal growth inhibitor in calcium
      nephrolithiasis.

PMID- 3842200
TI  - Sensory neurons "immortalized" by fusion with neuroblastoma cells.

PMID- 3842201
TI  - Alterations in calcium metabolism mediate dietary salt sensitivity in essential
      hypertension.

PMID- 3842202
TI  - Diprenorphine inhibits selectively the vasopressin response to hypovolemic
      stimuli.

PMID- 3842203
TI  - The leukotriene B4 omega-hydroxylase in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes is a
      membrane-associated, NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 3842204
TI  - Genetic defect in cortisol metabolism in primary open angle glaucoma.

PMID- 3842205
TI  - Prostaglandin alterations in barely hypertensive Dahl S rats.
AB  - In summary, prostacyclin, PGE2, and PGD2 are vasodilators and had significantly
      lower renal cortical and outer medullary concentrations in the borderline
      hypertensive S rats compared to normotensive R rats. Conversely, thromboxane is a
      vasoconstrictor which had significantly higher renal cortical and outer medullary
      concentrations in borderline hypertensive S rats compared to normotensive R rats.
      Thus, in borderline hypertensive S rats, both renal cortex and outer medulla have
      a prostaglandin pattern which favors vasoconstriction in cortical vessels and in
      descending vasa recta. This could partially account for the increased renal
      vascular resistance and low papillary plasma flows which are integral components
      of Dahl hypertension. The low PGE2 in S kidneys would also enhance Na
      reabsorption in collecting tubules and ascending limbs, thereby encouraging Na
      retention and hypertension.

PMID- 3842206
TI  - The human beta-actin multigene family.

PMID- 3842207
TI  - 5'-flanking DNA sequences of the growth hormone gene mediates thyroid hormone
      stimulation of growth hormone gene transcription.

PMID- 3842208
TI  - Tissue-specific influences affect glucocorticoid regulatory element actions on
      the human growth hormone gene promotor.

PMID- 3842209
TI  - Concentration of D-propranolol in cervico-vaginal mucus: targeting of a novel
      spermicide.
AB  - It may be possible to develop new contraceptives that can be administered by
      mouth and will exert their effects after concentration in cervico-vaginal mucus.
      D-Propranolol was administered in 80 mg doses by mouth to six healthy female
      volunteers. Samples of blood plasma and cervico-vaginal mucus were obtained
      before and on six occasions up to 24 hours after drug ingestion. D-Propranolol
      was concentrated in cervico-vaginal mucus. No changes in blood pressure, pulse,
      or forced expiratory peak flow (FEPF) were observed.

PMID- 3842210
TI  - Comparison of three multiload IUDs: MLCu250, MLCu375 and MLAgCu250.
AB  - A comparative study was made of three differently loaded Multiload intrauterine
      contraceptive devices. The IUDs were used by 450 women for 3 years unless the
      device was removed earlier. The reasons for IUD removal (pregnancy, bleeding
      and/or pain, and other) were recorded, and the data analyzed after 1 year and
      after 3 years using the log-rank method. No statistically significant differences
      could be found among the three devices either in rate of pregnancy nor IUD
      removal for any reason.

PMID- 3842211
TI  - Comparison of intramenstrual IUD insertion with insertion following menstrual
      regulation.
AB  - To evaluate the use-effectiveness and safety of IUD insertion immediately after
      menstrual regulation (MR) for delayed menses, a Lippes Loop D (LLD) intrauterine
      device was inserted in each of 100 consecutive clients at the University College
      Hospital, Ibadan, immediately after menstrual regulation. Pertinent event rates
      after 12 months of use were compared with those of 100 consecutive women who had
      the LLD inserted during menstruation. The cumulative net expulsion rate after 12
      months of use was 8% for the study group and 4% for the controls. The overall
      rate of removals was 15% for the study group and 16% for the control group. None
      of the observed differences was statistically significant. The continuation rates
      at 12 months were comparable for both groups (78% and 80%, respectively). There
      were no accidental pregnancies during the study period. The authors suggest that
      IUD insertion immediately after menstrual regulation is as effective and safe as
      intramenstrual insertion, provided prophylactic antibiotics are given.

PMID- 3842212
TI  - Clinical experience with intrauterine devices in a private practice.
AB  - Clinical experience with intrauterine devices was evaluated, based on 627
      insertions over a 14-year period in a private practice. Overall, there were few
      differences in the event rates leading to IUD discontinuation for the IUDs
      evaluated, principally Cu-7, Dalkon Shield and Lippes Loop. Pelvic infections
      were infrequent (0.7-2.2 cases per 100 woman-years of IUD use). The rate of PID
      in the study population appeared to be similar to that noted in the general
      population. IUD use did not appear to compromise future fertility, based on
      evaluations of patients after removal of their IUDs or from their return to
      fertility following IUD removal. IUD event rates (pregnancy, expulsion,
      displacement, removal for bleeding and/or pain) were related to the difference
      between endometrial cavity length and IUD length. A significant increase in the
      event rates was noted, regardless of the IUD type, when the endometrial cavity
      length exceeded IUD length by 2.0 cm or more, or when the difference between the
      endometrial cavity and IUD length was less than 0.5 cm.

PMID- 3842213
TI  - The oral pill in the Indonesian Population/Family Planning Program.
AB  - The oral pill is the most extensively used contraceptive in Indonesia. Of new
      users, 64% use the pill, 20% IUDs, 8% injectables, 6% condoms and 2% voluntary
      sterilization. Since the continuation rate of pill use is low as compared to the
      other non-permanent methods, i.e. the IUD and the injectables, special steps must
      be taken in order to reach the goal of the program, i.e. the reduction of the
      crude birth rate (CBR) to 22/1000 by the year 1990. These special steps involve
      selecting the best pill for Indonesian women, and determining the best
      contraceptive combination for each region and for new pill acceptors. The role of
      the oral pill in the program is also discussed.

PMID- 3842215
TI  - An IUD to fit any uterus.
AB  - A new copper intrauterine device is described. Experience during 40 000 woman
      months of use indicates that there have been no pregnancies and only 0.4
      expulsions. At the end of 30 months of follow-up, 87.5% of the women are still
      wearing the device.

PMID- 3842214
TI  - Contraceptive efficacy of bioabsorbable pellets of norethindrone (NET) as
      subcutaneous implants: phase II clinical study.
AB  - The contraceptive efficacy of norethindrone (NET) fused pellets was evaluated
      over 12 months in a Phase II clinical study with three and four pellets, each
      pellet containing 35 mg of NET. Volunteers were healthy, fertile, sexually active
      women. The release rate of NET from three and four pellets, respectively, was
      150.3 +/- 7.2 micrograms and 212.5 +/- 8.6 micrograms NET/day. Following the
      implantation of NET pellets, serum NET levels did not show any 'burst effect' and
      were sustained at levels between 0.4 and 0.6 ng NET/ml serum with three pellets
      and 0.6-0.7 ng NET/ml serum with four pellets. With three and four pellets,
      respectively, 40% and 27% of the women had normal menstrual cycles; 20% and 14%
      were amenorrheic; 27% and 37% had mid-menstrual spotting or bleeding; and 13% and
      22% had prolonged episodes of bleeding. Cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal
      functions were normal throughout the study. Ovulation was inhibited in 85% and
      92% of the cycles with three and four pellets, respectively. In women using three
      pellets, two pregnancies occurred, one at the 6th cycle and another at the 12th
      cycle. In women using four pellets, no pregnancies occurred during the entire
      period of study.

PMID- 3842216
TI  - Acceptability of the IUD in a Jordanian community.
AB  - Jordan has a population of about three million without a government family
      planning program. In this study, carried out in two medical centers in Amman,
      Jordan, over a period of two years, 600 copper intrauterine devices were
      inserted, with a failure rate of 2.8%.

PMID- 3842217
TI  - Postabortion insertion of the Nova T and MLCu250: preliminary results of a
      comparative study.
AB  - This 4-year prospective randomized study is designed to compare the effectiveness
      and complication rates of the Nova T and MLCu250 inserted immediately
      postabortion. At the cut-off date (30 November 1983), all patients in the first
      cohort of 400 women had completed at least 12 months of use. At this stage of the
      trial, no significant differences had emerged between the two devices in any of
      the standard termination categories.

PMID- 3842218
TI  - Pain relief at insertion and removal of an IUD: a simplified technique for
      paracervical block.

PMID- 3842219
TI  - Energy dispersive spectrophotometric and X-ray diffraction observations in IUDs.
AB  - This paper describes preliminary observations of the surface deposits on Lippes
      Loop, Dalkon Shield, and Saf-T-Coil IUDs removed after periods of time up to 15
      years. Rosettes of euhedral rhombic crystals with a columnar prismatic habit were
      observed on a Lippes Loop that had been in situ for 15 years. All mineral
      deposits were found to be calcium salts, but the degree of crystallization varied
      significantly, from almost totally amorphous to the perfect euhedral crystal
      form. The microenvironment alone or in combination with cyclic changes in the
      biochemical milieu surrounding the IUD may influence the deposition of specific
      mineral species.

PMID- 3842220
TI  - Phase II clinical study of implanted norethindrone pellets for longterm
      contraception in women. Program for Applied Research on Fertility Regulation.
AB  - The use of subcutaneously implanted fused pellets made of norethindrone (NET) and
      pure cholesterol was evaluated as a means of longterm contraception (6 months) in
      81 women at three clinics. Fifty-one women used pellets containing 103 mg NET (3
      pellets) and 30 women used pellets containing 138 mg NET (4 pellets). There were
      no serious local reactions to the pellets. There was no apparent initial NET
      burst effect and serum NET levels remained constant over the follow-up period.
      Median NET serum levels were similar (p greater than 0.10) for women who used 3
      or 4 pellets. Most menstrual cycles showed no evidence of ovulation (i.e., serum
      progesterone levels did not exceed 5 ng ml-1: the proportion of women with serum
      progesterone levels greater than 5 ng ml-1 was lower with the 4 pellet dose. For
      women who used either 3 or 4 pellets there was an increase (p less than 0.05) in
      the number of days of bleeding or spotting. There was a decrease in the incidence
      of dysmenorrhea (p less than 0.05) for both groups of women. There was a low
      incidence of side effects and complications. There were two pregnancies; both
      occurred in women using 3 pellets.

PMID- 3842221
TI  - A decade of experience with the TCu220C.
AB  - A decade of experience with the TCu220C has confirmed the prolonged high
      effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of this device. The present analysis
      concerns 906 interval insertions performed by three experienced operators using
      the retraction technique for placement of the TCu220C, and covers a total of
      53,875 woman-months of experience. Gross cumulative pertinent event rates at 10
      years were: pregnancy 7.5; expulsion 9.1; and removal for bleeding/pain and other
      medical reasons 21.9 and 9.2, respectively. Both the age and parity of the
      acceptor influence the long-term performance of the TCu220C.

PMID- 3842222
TI  - Postpartum IUD insertions in Manila, Philippines.
AB  - In comparative IUD trials conducted in the Philippines, IUDs were inserted
      immediately postpartum (within ten minutes postplacenta). The first study was
      designed to compare the IPCS-52 mg (Intrauterine Progestasert Contraceptive
      System) IUD with the TCu200 when inserted either by hand or with an inserter.
      Follow-up continued for three years because the IPCS model was designed to
      release progesterone for this length of time. There was one suspected pregnancy
      for which the IUD was removed during the study period. The expulsion rates were
      higher in the IPCS groups than in the TCu groups (p less than or equal to 0.05)
      and they were higher in the hand insertion groups than in the inserter groups (p
      less than or equal to 0.05). The second study was a comparison of the Lippes Loop
      D and a Delta Loop, modified by the addition of three biodegradable suture
      projections (made of Ethicon #2 chromic material) on the upper arms of the
      device. The purpose of this modification was to lower the expulsion rates
      associated with postpartum insertions. The expulsion rates for these two devices
      were comparable. There were no difficulties during insertion in either study, and
      few complaints were reported at follow-up. These two studies demonstrated that
      immediate postpartum IUD insertion proved a safe, effective means of postpartum
      contraception.

PMID- 3842223
TI  - Clinical experience with the MLCu250 IUD (eight-year results).
AB  - Between 1977 and 1981, 1561 MLCu250 standard model IUDs were inserted at the
      Family Planning Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University
      Medical School of Debrecen, Hungary. The majority were in the first (61.3%) and
      second (32.2%) segment and only a few were in the third (5.4%), fourth (1.0%) or
      fifth (0.1%) segment. Insertions were performed in the postmenstrual,
      postabortal, postpartal and postpuerperal periods. This report evaluates the data
      for interval insertions only, representing a total of 1457 cases and 65762 woman
      months of use during an 8-year follow-up period. Using Tietze's life table
      technique, cumulative and yearly specific termination rates have been calculated.
      Fifty per cent of the devices were in place after 5 years of use, and 27.8% of
      the patients wore the IUD even at the end of the eighth year after insertion. The
      pertinent termination rate (pregnancy, expulsion, removal for bleeding/pain and
      for other medical reasons together) was 56.8 in the 96th ordinal month. These
      findings prove the good over-all performance of the MLCu250 IUD and demonstrate a
      longer life span for the device than was previously expected.

PMID- 3842224
TI  - IUD insertion during cesarean section.
AB  - An IUD (TCu220C) was inserted in 82 women during low-transverse cesarean section.
      No untoward effect on puerperal morbidity or lactation was observed and no
      serious complications occurred in this series. At 12 months the rates were zero
      for pregnancy and 7.7 for expulsion; the latter figure is comparable to that
      reported after immediate postplacental insertion of the same IUD model.
      Intracesarean IUD insertion is a procedure that deserves further promotion.

PMID- 3842225
TI  - Orally administered ketoconazole rapidly appears in seminal plasma and suppresses
      sperm motility.
AB  - Ketoconazole has been shown to exert spermatostatic effects in vitro on
      ejaculated dog, monkey, and human spermatozoa. Oral administration of the
      compound to adult male beagle dogs (50-246 mg/kg) or rhesus monkeys (85-100
      mg/kg) was associated with a decline in motility of sperm in ejaculates obtained
      after dosing. In dogs the decline in sperm motility was correlated with the
      presence of ketoconazole in the seminal plasma, although the measured
      concentrations of ketoconazole were no more than one tenth that needed for in
      vitro activity. The serum levels of testosterone in the dogs receiving oral
      ketoconazole were profoundly suppressed but the extreme rapidity of onset of the
      ex vivo effect on sperm motility, which was noted within 4 hours of dosing, makes
      it unlikely that testosterone withdrawal plays more than a minor role in the
      spermatostasis. The results in animals invite further pursuit of this novel,
      rapid onset, reversible, single dose use of spermatostatic agents for their
      potential as male contraceptives.

PMID- 3842226
TI  - Transcutaneous procedures for male sterilization.
AB  - Outside the People's Republic of China transcutaneous methods of male
      sterilization are not widely used, even though there are advantages of these
      methods over surgical vasectomy procedures. Methods of transcutaneous
      sterilization (intratesticular, intraepididymal, and intravasal) that have been
      evaluated in men are reviewed.

PMID- 3842227
TI  - Dysplastic and degenerative diseases: the protective role of vitamins A and E.
      Rome, January 25, 1986.

PMID- 3842228
TI  - Regression of bronchial epidermoid metaplasia in heavy smokers with etretinate
      treatment.
AB  - 40 voluntary heavy smokers (over 15 packets-years) were selected for and have
      completed a six months etretinate treatment on the basis of an index of
      metaplasia (IM) greater than 15% determined according to the following procedure:
      bronchoscopy with systematic biopsies in 10 sites of the bronchial tree. Each
      biopsy was cut into 10 sections and an IM was calculated: (Formula: see text).
      Etretinate, a retinoid derivative, was given orally at the daily dose of 25 mg,
      at the end of which they underwent a second fibroscopy protocol. A highly
      significant reduction of IM (p = 10(-5)) was observed after 6 months of treatment
      for those of the patients who maintained their smoking habits during treatment.
      Besides, the 4 patients who stopped smoking while under treatment and are
      excluded from the statistical analysis, all had a complete regression of
      metaplasia at the second fibroscopy. No morbidity was due to etretinate or
      fibroscopy. Etretinate significantly reduces potentially precancerous bronchial
      epidermoid metaplasia in heavy smokers. Its association with smoking arrest may
      induce a rapid restoration of bronchial epithelium to normal.

PMID- 3842229
TI  - Role of oxygen in myocardial ischaemic and reperfusion damage: effect of alpha
      tocopherol.
AB  - There is evidence that oxygen-derived free radicals may play a role in myocardial
      ischaemic and reperfusion injury. Major sources of O2 free radicals formation
      during ischaemia and reperfusion are: the enzyme xanthine oxidase, activated
      neutrophils and the myocardial mitochondria. However, in the heart there are
      defense mechanisms against the toxic oxygen metabolites. They include the enzyme
      superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase plus endogenous
      antioxidants like vitamin E, ascorbic acid and cysteine. We have investigated in
      the isolated rabbit hearts the effects of ischaemia and reperfusion on these
      defence mechanisms. 90 min of ischaemia and/or hypoxia induced a significant
      reduction of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, and of reduced
      glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio which was further declined after
      reperfusion indicating that an oxidative stress has occurred. These alterations
      are associated with massive tissue and mitochondrial calcium accumulation, loss
      of mitochondrial function and severe membrane damage. The effects of vitamin E on
      these parameters have been investigated. Administration of 1.1 mg of dl-alpha
      tocopherol acetate showed a protective effect on mitochondrial function but it
      failed to improve the recovery of mechanical function during reperfusion.

PMID- 3842230
TI  - [Preliminary clinical observations on the eutrophic-protective action on the
      corneal epithelium of combined vitamin A + E].
AB  - The epithelio-protective activity of a combination of retinol and tocopherol has
      been studied. The two vitamins have been administered orally to a group of
      patients suffering from different corneal diseases. A control group was treated
      with a placebo associated to the usual topical therapies. With some reserve, the
      evaluation of the vitamin therapy is positive as the epithelial repairing was
      more rapid in the vitamin treated group, but the poor homogeneity of the corneal
      diseases permits a qualitative analysis only.

PMID- 3842231
TI  - The therapeutic effect of vitamins A and E in neurosensory hearing loss.
AB  - After an anatomical and physiological outline of the organ of Corti, the
      pathology of the cochlea related to the sensorineural deafness is described. The
      role of Vitamin A on cochlear function and the effects of Vitamin E in man are
      then emphasized, on the base of some experimental results. Clinical and
      therapeutic efficacy of the combination of Vitamin A + E is shown by a number of
      papers, pointing out a 5-15 decibel improvement of the pure-tone threshold in
      patients with sensorineural hearing-loss particularly when the auditory troubles
      are due to presbyaccusis.

PMID- 3842232
TI  - Differential pricing of pharmaceuticals and retail competition under the Robinson
      Patman Act.
AB  - Emphasis on cost containment by third-party payors has intensified economic
      competition within the health care system, creating powerful market forces which
      retail pharmacists had not envisioned a few years ago. Hospitals and alternative
      delivery systems now sell prescription drugs in direct competition with retail
      pharmacists. These entities are able to purchase their pharmaceuticals from
      manufacturers at prices far below those of the retailers. Retail pharmacist
      plaintiffs allege that such activities violate the Robinson-Patman Act which
      prohibits price discrimination. Retail pharmacists have achieved landmark
      victories in decisions establishing that nonprofit, state and local governmental
      hospitals reselling pharmaceuticals in competition with retail pharmacies are not
      exempt from the Act. This Article demonstrates that despite these victories,
      plaintiffs will have difficulty proving an actual violation of the Act by
      manufacturers and hospitals. Plaintiffs must establish competitive injury as well
      as refute the meeting competition defense. Retail pharmacists might discover that
      the Robinson-Patman Act is not the ally they had hoped for; instead, they should
      concentrate on innovative alternatives which will allow them to compete in an
      evolving health care system.

PMID- 3842233
TI  - A proposal for a nonreinstatement rule in unfair labor practice cases involving
      patient abuse.
AB  - Nursing home discharges of employees based on patient abuse raise a difficult
      issue when the motivating factor for the disciplinary action is union activism. A
      tension is created between the rights of employees to engage in protected
      concerted activity and the rights of patients to quality care. In 1974, Congress
      passed the Health Care Institutions Amendments, which granted to non-profit
      health care workers collective organizing and bargaining rights substantially
      similar to those which workers in other industries had enjoyed for decades under
      the National Labor Relations Act. Congress intended to give health care workers
      only that degree of parity, however, which is compatible with the provision of
      high quality patient care. The agency charged with enforcing the Act, the
      National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), has failed to distinguish employee
      misconduct in industrial settings from patient abuse in health care institutions
      when fashioning remedies for discriminatorily discharged union activists. The
      NLRB typically has ordered the reinstatement, with back pay, of the patient
      abuser as the patient's primary care-giver. This Article suggests that a front
      pay remedy is more appropriate to these cases because it protects the patient's
      right to be free from abuse without sacrificing employee unionization rights.

PMID- 3842234
TI  - Preferred provider organization liability for physician malpractice.
AB  - The preferred provider organization (PPO) is a recent innovation in the health
      care industry, designed to reduce costs through selective contracting and
      utilization controls. This Note examines malpractice liability theories
      potentially applicable to PPOs. The Note compares PPOs to other health care
      institutions, including hospitals and HMOs, and concludes that PPOs are at
      minimal risk of incurring liability for physician negligence.

PMID- 3842235
TI  - Fetal protection and potential liability: judicial application of the Pregnancy
      Discrimination Act and the disparate impact theory.
AB  - "Fetal vulnerability programs," which are employer attempts to protect employees'
      unborn fetuses from harm caused by the mothers' exposure to hazardous material in
      the workplace, have been challenged as a form of employment discrimination. This
      Note analyzes the recent judicial application of the Pregnancy Discrimination Act
      (PDA) and the disparate impact theory to fetal vulnerability cases. The Note also
      examines the business necessity defense's accommodation of legitimate employer
      interests. The Note concludes that a more potent business necessity defense, a
      stricter standard for evaluating alternative protective measures, and a judicial
      interpretation of the PDA which is more consistent with congressional intent are
      necessary for fair and reasonable resolution of these cases.

PMID- 3842236
TI  - [Experimental porto-systemic diversion in the rat: a comparative analysis of
      technics and results].
AB  - A number of techniques for performing portacaval end-to-side and side-to-side
      pancreaticoduodenal and mesenterico-caval shunts in rats are described. These
      shunts, transposition and arterialization are valuable objects for training in
      microvascular surgery. Effects of shunts, liver function, hemodynamics, metabolic
      and neurological changes related to portal flow, liver metabolism, and portal
      pressure are compared.

PMID- 3842237
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of splenic injuries].
AB  - The purpose of this work is a critical revision of spleen traumatism treatment.
      We have examined 46 patients which we treated by total splenectomy. We examined
      the recent literature on spleen functions and we tried to punctualize the newest
      methods for conservative treatment of the spleen.

PMID- 3842239
TI  - [Surgical therapy of recurrent varicocele].
AB  - In the surgical treatment of recidivous varicocele, has been adopted in eight
      patients a personal technique that varies in some points from the Ivanissevich's
      one. Large dissection and resection of the spermatic vein in peritoneum back zone
      for 6-8 cm. length, prier ligature of all possible collaterals. In four cases has
      been applied the microsurgical technique, anastomosing the veins of the spermatic
      plexus to the saphena vein. Checks performed at distance of time haven't shown
      any relapsing case. The microsurgical technique should give the more immediate
      normalization of spermatogenesis.

PMID- 3842238
TI  - [Histiocytosis X. 3 different cases: eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schueller
      Christian disease, Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease].
AB  - The authors present three different cases of histiocytosis X: the eosinophilic
      granuloma, the Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome and the Letterer-Siwe syndrome.
      As it appears in the main articles concerning this argument, the Aa. emphasize
      the common features belonging to the three different forms of histiocytosis: the
      involvement of the bones and of other tissues. Moreover the prognosis is defined
      as good in the first case, uncertain in the second case and severe in the third.

PMID- 3842240
TI  - [Morphometric study of ultrastructural modifications in the maternal hepatocyte
      during normal gestation in the Wistar rat].
AB  - Quantitative changes in hepatocyte ultrastructures during normal gestation were
      studied in Wistar rats with morphometric methods. On the 18th day of the
      gestation, variations in nuclearcytoplasmic ratio, size of R.E.R., mitochondria,
      lysosomes and microbodies were observed, with variations according to the
      localisation of hepatocyte inside the lobule. We report the most obvious effects
      as follows: An increase of R.E.R. in the central and perilobular zones.
      Mitochondria are larger and the rounded forms are more numerous inside the two
      lobular zones. The number of lysosomes and microbodies are only elevated in the
      perilobular cells. In conclusion, it is suggested that the hepatocyte organelles
      are significantly increased during gestation. This is probably due to the
      metabolic activation. These cellular modifications are only one aspect of the
      liver increase.

PMID- 3842241
TI  - Sensitivity of cultured chick embryo heart cells to acetylcholine. Evidence for
      nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.
AB  - Sensitivity of cultured chick embryo heart cells to acetylcholine changes with
      time in culture. In 24 h cultures, about 25% of the cells exhibit a positive
      chronotropic response to acetylcholine. This effect is no longer observed after
      48 h in culture. Positive and negative chronotropic effects of acetylcholine can
      be related to the presence of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors evidenced by
      autoradiography. Some data suggest a possible relationship between the type of
      sensitivity to acetylcholine and the changes in cell membrane properties
      occurring in culture.

PMID- 3842242
TI  - [Neurophysiologic, psychomotor and psychologic indicators in workers after long
      term exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides].

PMID- 3842243
TI  - Cobalt and manganese interaction in the liver of rat.

PMID- 3842244
TI  - [Oleander poisoning].

PMID- 3842245
TI  - [Acute hydrocarbon poisoning in childhood].

PMID- 3842246
TI  - [Adult respiratory distress syndrome in burn cases].

PMID- 3842247
TI  - Formation of associations of colored and flavored food with induced sickness in
      five avian species.
AB  - Domestic ducks, geese, pigeons, quail, and chickens were given colored, flavored,
      or colored and flavored food and then injected with lithium chloride. Each
      species showed learning of color and taste aversions. Flavor facilitated the
      formation of color aversions in ducks, geese, and pigeons but not in quail or
      chickens. Color interfered with the formation of flavor aversions in quail and
      chickens but not in the other three species. These findings indicate that all
      birds can probably associate both colored and flavored food with induced sickness
      and that colored food is more easily associated with induced sickness than is
      colored water. Moreover, these findings suggest that the capacity to associate
      colored and flavored food with induced sickness and the interaction between color
      and flavor in food vary between species. Birds, such as quail and chickens, that
      eat relatively tasteless food rely more on color than on flavor cues when forming
      learned food aversions. Birds that can select their food on the basis of taste,
      such as ducks and geese, rely more on flavor than on color when forming aversions
      to food. Birds, such as pigeons, that are initially raised on tasty food before
      switching to predominantly tasteless food show tendencies that are similar to
      those of ducks and geese.

PMID- 3842248
TI  - Active and passive avoidance following the administration of systemic DSP4,
      xylamine, or p-chloroamphetamine.
AB  - Groups of rats were administered either DSP4 (50 mg/kg, ip), xylamine (50 mg/kg,
      ip), or p-chloroamphetamine (2 X 10 mg/kg, ip), either 2 weeks or 1 week before
      the testing of two-way active avoidance. DSP4 and xylamine, the selective
      noradrenaline (NA) neurotoxins, caused a two-way avoidance impairment but p
      chloroamphetamine, the selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurotoxin, did not
      do so. Pretreatment with desipramine (20 mg/kg, ip) blocked the avoidance
      impairment caused by DSP4 and xylamine treatment. Neither DSP4 nor xylamine
      caused any alteration of passive avoidance retention. The biochemical analyses
      indicated severe NA, but not 5-HT, depletions in the DSP4 and xylamine conditions
      and drastic 5-HT, but not NA, depletions in the p-chloroamphetamine conditions.
      These results confirm and extend earlier findings concerning the role of NA in
      avoidance behavior.

PMID- 3842249
TI  - Analysis of appetitive motivation in preweanling rats: application of
      bromocryptine mesylate.
AB  - Two experiments investigated discrimination learning with preweanling rats
      (Rattus norvegicus) following different experimental deprivation treatments. In
      Experiment 1, 10- to 11-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were deprived for 24 h of
      either nutrients and maternal contact through placement in an incubator or only
      nutrients by placement in the nest of a bromocryptine mesylate-treated dam.
      Bromocryptine mesylate inhibits prolactin release and thereby prevents lactation
      with only minimal effect on maternal behaviors. After the deprivation period,
      pups were trained to perform a spatial discrimination for milk infusion into the
      oral cavity or for the opportunity to suckle the dry nipples of an anesthetized
      dam. The results revealed, irrespective of deprivation treatment, that pups
      failed to acquire a simple T-maze spatial discrimination for milk reward although
      they rapidly learned to approach and locate an anesthetized dam to suckle.
      Experiment 2 followed up with a different procedure. Results indicated that
      during bouts of suckling rat pups preferred an active, lactating dam letting down
      milk to an identical dam not letting down milk due to her pretreatment with
      bromocryptine mesylate. These results illustrate a constraint on learning which
      affects immature rats. The capability to learn on appetitively motivated spatial
      discrimination appears intricately tied to the context in which training occurs.
      Results are discussed according to how the organism's expectancy can mediate
      performance.

PMID- 3842250
TI  - The development of aversive responses to quinine in hyperthyroid rats.
AB  - Normal and hyperthyroid rat pups received intraoral infusions of 0.25% quinine
      hydrochloride at 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 days of age. Chin scraping and paw
      treading, aversive behaviors that adult rats show to quinine, emerged at 12 to 14
      days in normal animals and were accelerated in hyperthyroid animals. Once these
      behaviors emerged, the hyperthyroid pups showed levels of both paw treading and
      chin scraping that were typical of controls several days older. Hyperthyroid and
      control pups did not differ in their intake of quinine at ages at which there
      were marked differences in chin scraping and paw treading. Other types of
      responses that pups show to aversive stimuli, such as paw treading. Other types
      of responses were not affected by the thyroid treatment. These findings suggest
      that the appearance of chin scraping and paw treading at 12-14 days of age in
      normal animals results from maturation of motor systems underlying these
      behaviors, and that this maturation can be accelerated by treatment with thyroid
      hormones.

PMID- 3842251
TI  - Pharmacological dissociation of memory: anisomycin, a protein synthesis
      inhibitor, and leupeptin, a protease inhibitor, block different learning tasks.
AB  - Inhibition of protein synthesis by anisomycin for a short duration impairs memory
      of a one-trial inhibitory avoidance task in rats. Memory of escape conditioning
      involving eight trials is disrupted only if the duration of protein synthesis is
      prolonged by repeated injections. In marked contrast, olfactory memory of rats
      trained on two odor discriminations is not affected by anisomycin even if the
      duration of inhibition is prolonged and the number of trials is reduced to a
      minimum. In previous work, leupeptin, a thiol proteinase inhibitor, was shown to
      impair olfactory discrimination learning, but left inhibitory and avoidance
      conditioning intact. Together, these results provide a pharmacological double
      dissociation of memory, and suggest that the same chemistries, or mixtures of
      chemistries, may not be involved in all types of memory.

PMID- 3842252
TI  - Little oscillation of daily food intake in mousekiller rats as opposed to
      nonkiller rats before any confrontation with mice.
AB  - During 46 consecutive days the daily food intake and weight were recorded in 16
      male Wistar rats. On Days 31-45 one mouse was presented each rat daily. Before
      any experience with mice (Days 0-27) the mousekiller rats, compared with the
      nonkiller rats, regulated their individual food intake more closely to their
      homeostatic equilibria, corrected for the linear trend. This result indicates a
      functional difference in food intake regulation between mousekiller rats and
      nonkiller rats prior to any experience with mice. However, no difference in the
      mean food intake was found between the mousekiller and the nonkiller rats.

PMID- 3842253
TI  - Effects of post-trial injection of beta-endorphin on shock-induced fighting are
      dependent on baseline of fighting.
AB  - The effects of repeated post-trial administration of 10 micrograms/kg beta
      endorphin on the development of mutual fighting in pairs of rats submitted to
      various intensities of electric shock were investigated. beta-Endorphin blocked
      the development of fighting responses when a low footshock intensity was used,
      but facilitated it when a high shock intensity was delivered. A detailed analysis
      of the relationship between shock intensity, baseline of fighting, and effects of
      beta-endorphin showed that the effects of beta-endorphin were dependent on the
      behavioral baseline rather than on shock intensity per se.

PMID- 3842255
TI  - Myocardial revascularization in acute conditions. Medico-surgical aspects.
      International symposium. Brussels, November 3-5, 1984.

PMID- 3842254
TI  - On how passive is inhibitory avoidance.
AB  - Rats were trained in a step-down inhibitory avoidance task using a 25 X 25-cm
      platform and either a 0.3- or a 0.8-mA training footshock. Immediately after
      training retrieval was good in all animals; but at 24 h there was a decline in
      the group trained with 0.3-mA footshock. This decline was not observed in animals
      submitted to an immediate retrieval test and then tested again at 24 h. Thus, the
      immediate retrieval test apparently served the purpose of a rehearsal. A
      considerable degree of activity (rearing, ambulation, sticking the head out of
      the platform) was observed in test sessions. Activity scores were lower in the
      animals trained with the 0.8-mA footshock. The amount of activity, however, was
      unrelated to retrieval performance (i.e., to test session step-down latency).

PMID- 3842256
TI  - Comparison of the influence of nitrates, molsidomine and SIN-1, a molsidomine
      metabolite in acute coronary insufficiency.

PMID- 3842258
TI  - Systemic or intracoronary thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3842257
TI  - Percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization in evolving acute myocardial
      infarction: technical aspects.

PMID- 3842259
TI  - The extent of recovery of myocardial function after coronary artery reperfusion
      is highly time dependent.

PMID- 3842260
TI  - Assessment of prognosis in unstable and in variant angina.

PMID- 3842261
TI  - Toxic oil syndrome.

PMID- 3842262
TI  - Healing-promoting action of teprenone, a new antiulcer agent on acetic acid ulcer
      in rats.
AB  - Healing promoting action of teprenone on acetic acid ulcer in rats was assessed
      in comparison to that of cimetidine and proglumide by histological measurements.
      Teprenone (100 mg/kg X 2/day, p.o.) decreased the macroscopic ulcer index and the
      defective area in the ulcerated region by 32.0% and 33.3%, respectively. In
      addition, this drug increased the decreasing index of exposed ulcer floor and the
      mucosal regeneration index by 28.1% and 38.0%, respectively. However, the
      thickness of the ulcer base and the development index of collagen fibers were
      little affected by this drug. Cimetidine (100 mg/kg X 2/day, p.o.) showed a 27.2%
      decreasing action on the macroscopic ulcer index and a 31.3% increasing action on
      the thickness of the ulcer base, but failed to increase the mucosal regeneration
      index. Specimens from the cimetidine-treated rats were characterized by marked
      granulation proliferation beneath the ulcer floor. The upper layer of the
      granulation tissue was very rich in inflammatory cells. Proglumide (250 mg/kg X
      2/day, p.o.) was scarcely effective on any parameters. These results indicate
      that teprenone remarkably promotes the regeneration of the defective mucosa
      during the ulcer healing process, and the effectiveness of cimetidine according
      to the macroscopic observation may be due to excessive formation of granulation
      tissue in the defective region.

PMID- 3842263
TI  - DNA grading of malignancy and tumor regression in prostatic carcinoma under
      hormone therapy.
AB  - The prognostic value of the DNA malignancy grade (DNA-MG) and of the DNA
      regression index (DNA-RI) for survival was tested in 19 patients with prostatic
      carcinoma under hormone therapy. Measurements were performed on repeated Feulgen
      stained transrectal aspiration biopsy smears by DNA image cytometry. The DNA-MG
      was demonstrated to be an objective scalar index of high prognostic value for the
      individual patient. The prospective tumor response to hormone therapy could be
      predicted from the DNA-MG. Independently of the DNA-MG, the DNA-RI provided
      additional prognostic information concerning tumor regression and survival of
      prostatic cancer patients under conservative therapy. The determination of DNA-RI
      allows the early identification of an ineffective conservative therapy.

PMID- 3842265
TI  - Urothelial carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - Urothelial carcinoma is a rare type of prostatic carcinoma which as a rule bears
      an unfavourable prognosis. In our material it comprises 4.5% of all prostatic
      carcinomas. It can occur isolated in the prostate as well as in connection with a
      urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder, which may have directly infiltrated
      the prostate. Almost one-third of our cases are combined with an ordinary
      carcinoma of the prostate. The majority of pure urothelial carcinomas, with or
      without bladder involvement, are found in stages 0-B (59 of 68 cases). When
      combined with an ordinary prostatic carcinoma, most urothelial carcinomas (20 of
      29 cases) are present in stages C and D. Independent of bladder involvement, 24
      urothelial carcinomas are grade II and 86 grade III tumours. Survival times range
      from 12 to 84 months (average 34.8 months) in grade II and from 1 to 103 months
      (average 29.5 months) in grade III carcinomas. Problems in differential diagnosis
      arise when urothelial carcinoma has to be distinguished from solid or, rarely,
      cribriform prostatic carcinoma. Diagnostic criteria for urothelial carcinoma are
      compact formations without stroma being sharply delineated from stroma, extensive
      ductal growth pattern with necroses of comedo type, high mitotic rates and
      perifocal inflammation.

PMID- 3842264
TI  - Androgen binding in prostatic carcinoma by histochemistry: update 1985.
AB  - Fluorescent androgen ligands were employed to study putative androgen-binding
      (AB) sites in a number of men with prostatic adenocarcinoma. Results were
      compared with biochemical androgen receptor determinations in over 150 patients
      with agreement in 86% (p less than 0.001). AB by histochemistry correlated
      significantly with the outcome of hormonal manipulation (p less than 0.001) but
      not with response to radiation therapy (p = 0.55) or to 125I implantation (p =
      0.54). There was a degree of positive interaction between histochemically and
      biochemically determined AB sites which produced a significant improvement in
      assay specificity (p less than 0.05). These findings indicate that the best
      method for prediction of hormone response in prostate cancer is provided by a
      combination of assay techniques.

PMID- 3842266
TI  - [Medial and lateral discoid menisci in the same knee. Apropos of a case].
AB  - To our knowledge, the case of association of discoid lateral and medial menisci
      in the same knee has not yet been reported. There are several factors which may
      contribute in the development of discoid meniscus: usually congenital, the types
      described by SMILLIE and WRISBERG must be distinguished and have not the same
      prognosis; thus, the discoid meniscus only acquired after birth seems rare.

PMID- 3842267
TI  - [Turner's syndrome and the urocytogram].
AB  - The cellular material studied in the urinary sediment mainly obtained from
      exfoliated cells of the bladder trigone was submitted to hormonal stimulation.
      These cell changes constitute the basis of a cytological method called
      urocytogram. The urinary sediment was examined in twenty seven girls with
      Turner's syndrome. The authors consider the interest of repeat examinations in
      the follow-up and treatment of these patients.

PMID- 3842268
TI  - [Value of aspiration cytology for the evaluation of breast cancer recurrence].
AB  - The authors studied at the "Centre Anticancereux de Rennes" the value of fine
      needle aspiration cytology in the valuation of recurrences in breast cancers. The
      cytologic procedures were made on breast scars. The cytologic investigation
      interested 32 cases of carcinoma recurrences. The high rate of correct cytology
      diagnosis and the very low of wrong results prove the value and interest of the
      fine needle aspiration cytology for recurrences in breast cancers.

PMID- 3842269
TI  - [Pulmonary lobe arteries of the rabbit].

PMID- 3842270
TI  - [Morphological aspects of arterial islands in the circle of the base of the brain
      and the basilar trunk in the rat].

PMID- 3842271
TI  - [Does mechanical tension regulate the development of muscular rudiments?].
AB  - Following destruction of the right anterior member bud on four-day old chick
      embryos, a study was made of right and left pectoral muscle growth on serial
      sections stained by ordinary methods. Certain regions were also examined in the
      electron microscope. Mitotic activity was studied autoradiographically following
      the injection of thymidine. Early, frank changes in the pectoral muscle on the
      amputation side were connected with growth, differentiation and organogenesis:
      regressive processes were also observed.

PMID- 3842272
TI  - [Arterial microvascularization of the ovary in the rabbit during the period of
      ovulation].

PMID- 3842273
TI  - [New aspects and controversies on the vascularization of the white pulp of the
      spleen in the rat].
AB  - The authors have studied the arterial supply of splenic white pulp of the rat, by
      means of optic and scanning electron microscopy. This work shows that the
      marginal zone is a free and interstitial circulatory one that envelopes
      completely the periarterial lymphocyte sheets. These ones are vascular exclusion
      areas although crossed by vessels, probably impermeable, that pour their contents
      at the inner border of the marginal zone. It was impossible to find a so called
      "marginal sinus" neither a complete nor an incomplete one. These facts can
      explain and change some poorly understood immunological aspects.

PMID- 3842274
TI  - Magnetic resonance (MR) cine imaging of the human heart.
AB  - A novel approach has been developed for MR cine imaging of the human heart by a
      modified ECG-gated 2DFT method. A pulse sequence has been devised to minimise the
      effects of saturation which can be anticipated in sequences that require rapid
      pulsing. Five frames are produced at the same anatomical level at predetermined
      intervals during the cardiac cycle. The total time taken to achieve this data is
      8 minutes. Additional frames can be interleaved by repeating the sequence with an
      ECG-gated delay. The anatomical sections, which can be in any orthogonal plane,
      are then displayed as a cine loop. Cine display in the coronal plane has been
      used to examine 10 volunteers and 12 patients. In addition to the morphological
      feature displayed in single slice ECG-gated imaging, areas of dyskinesia can be
      detected and subjective estimates have been made of left ventricular function.

PMID- 3842275
TI  - The pre-operative embolisation of vascular malformations.
AB  - Large arteriovenous malformations frequently require surgical excision in order
      to prevent or treat the potentially serious problems they can cause ranging from
      haemorrhage and pain to cardiac failure. The surgery itself is usually difficult
      and often dangerous due to the serious risk of major intraoperative haemorrhage.
      Transcatheter arterial embolisation has greatly facilitated the management of
      small arteriovenous malformations but may only afford temporary relief of
      symptoms in very large lesions. Recanalisation of occluded vessels and
      revascularisation via previously insignificant collateral vessels means that
      large lesions cannot be effectively managed by this method alone. Previous
      surgery and ligation of feeding vessels may make effective embolisation difficult
      or impossible and a combined radiological and surgical approach to these lesions
      may permit definitive treatment. We present three cases in whom the pre-operative
      embolisation of buttock arteriovenous malformations facilitated successful
      surgical excision.

PMID- 3842276
TI  - The role of breast scintigraphy in detecting breast masses.
AB  - 127 breast scans were performed on 83 female patients using technetium-99m
      diphosphonate. 46 out of 48 patients with breast cancer had positive breast scans
      manifested by a focal increased uptake in 37 patients and a diffuse increased
      uptake in the remaining 9 patients. Benign breast lesions such as fibrocystic
      disease, fibroadenoma and fat necrosis may also concentrate the radioactive agent
      in a focal or a diffuse pattern. So breast scanning is a sensitive though
      nonspecific modality to detect malignant breast lesions and it is worthwhile
      performing it on all women referred for bone scan.

PMID- 3842277
TI  - Dose rate dependence of response of mouse lung to irradiation.
AB  - The dose-rate dependence of lung damage in mice has been studied using LD50/50
      180 as an index of the incidence of radiation pneumonitis. Mean lethal doses for
      60Co gamma radiation to the thorax delivered at 100, 25 and 6 cGy/min were 1403,
      1923 and 2488 cGy respectively. There were statistically significant differences
      between values obtained at 6 and 25 cGy/min and between those obtained at 25 and
      100 cGy/min. An isoeffect plot of this data on a log-log graph shows the sparing
      effect of dose rate reduction to be greater for the lung than for more rapidly
      responding systems (colony forming units of small intestine and Chinese hamster
      cells in culture).

PMID- 3842278
TI  - A technique for simultaneous radiography and electromyography.

PMID- 3842279
TI  - Measurements from digital scanned projection radiographs: couch detail and
      detector artefact removal by simple image enhancement.

PMID- 3842280
TI  - Spondyloschisis of the anterior arch of the atlas.

PMID- 3842281
TI  - Bone scintigraphy in two siblings with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.

PMID- 3842282
TI  - Concentric enlargement of the optic canal due to metastatic carcinoma of the
      breast.

PMID- 3842283
TI  - Occult hydatid disease presenting as a spontaneous pneumothorax.

PMID- 3842284
TI  - Occult central pneumothorax.

PMID- 3842285
TI  - Brachialis Seldinger puncture with use of introducer sheath.

PMID- 3842286
TI  - The response of pig skin to single doses of irradiation from strontium-90 sources
      of differing surface area.

PMID- 3842288
TI  - Misleading urine tests after using contrast media.

PMID- 3842287
TI  - Survival results for cancer of the tongue, Westminster Hospital, 1947-1976.

PMID- 3842289
TI  - Radiological demonstration of healing in Paget's disease of bone treated with
      APD.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with Paget's disease received the bisphosphonate APD and
      were examined radiologically every 6 months. Because routine roentgenographic
      procedures were followed, a number of the X rays were not fit for comparison. The
      radiographic technique, as well as the positioning of the patients, is critical
      since both could lead to artefacts. All patients reached normal biochemical
      levels, usually within 6 months. Out of the 23 patients 11 showed definite
      radiological improvement in one or more lesions; probable improvement was seen in
      another three. Of the 65 individual lesions, with films that were comparable, 30%
      definitely and 20% probably improved; 50% did not change but deterioration was
      never encountered. Osteolytic lesions in the long bones are most suitable for the
      evaluation of radiological changes and follow-up of these lesions during
      treatment should be most rewarding.

PMID- 3842290
TI  - Contrast agents and enzyme inhibition. II. Mechanisms.
AB  - The inhibition of enzymes by radiological contrast agents has been invoked to
      explain some of their clinical effects. In a previous paper, in-vitro studies of
      the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase were presented and some
      clinical correlations were discussed. More detailed studies, described here, have
      now shed new light on the mechanisms involved in this important phenomenon.
      Because the findings restore the iodine atoms to a central role, they have
      important general implications for contrast agent pharmacology.

PMID- 3842291
TI  - Deriving absolute values of alpha and beta for dose fractionation, using dose
      incidence data.
AB  - A method is described for calculating absolute "operational" values of the
      parameters alpha and beta that characterise dose fractionation data for tissues,
      by using the steepness of dose-incidence curves measured around each dose per
      fraction investigated. The values are deduced from published mouse lethality data
      after irradiation of the bone marrow (alpha = 0.9 Gy-1; beta = 0.06 Gy-2), the
      lung (alpha = 0.14 Gy-1; beta = 0.02 Gy-2), and the oesophagus (alpha = 0.06 Gy
      1; beta = 0.004 Gy-2). With bone marrow and other hierarchical renewal tissues,
      the operational values apply also to the inactivation of target cells which are
      the stem cells in the tissue. For other tissue types the interpretation of the
      values is unknown. The operational values are useful in characterising the
      steepness of dose-incidence curves for normal tissue injury after different
      fractionation schedules.

PMID- 3842292
TI  - An unusual congenital abnormality of the renal artery: left renal artery arising
      from the right renal artery.

PMID- 3842293
TI  - CT demonstration of retinal detachment secondary to choroidal metastatic disease.

PMID- 3842294
TI  - The Manchester System and the BCRU recommendations for brachytherapy source
      specification.
AB  - The decision to endorse and implement the BCRU recommendation has been taken
      after careful consideration and discussion amongst those currently active in
      brachytherapy treatment at the Christie Hospital, Manchester. We believe it to be
      both logical and scientifically sound. The practical measures discussed here
      outline how the Manchester System will operate with the new method of source
      specification, and we urge other users of the Manchester System throughout the
      world to adopt similar measures and accept the BCRU recommendations also.

PMID- 3842295
TI  - Radiation response of endothelial cells in vitro.

PMID- 3842296
TI  - Hyoscine butylbromide to relieve utero-tubal obstruction at
      hysterosalpingography.

PMID- 3842297
TI  - Radiology in developing countries.

PMID- 3842298
TI  - Proceedings of the British Institute of Radiology. Radioisotope labelling of
      circulating cells--techniques and clinical applications. Abstracts. London,
      November 22-23, 1984.

PMID- 3842299
TI  - CT scanners in the UK.

PMID- 3842300
TI  - The impact of treatment errors on post-operative radiotherapy for testicular
      tumours.
AB  - Twenty-four patients receiving post-operative radiotherapy for testicular tumours
      have been studied to assess the impact of treatment errors. Regular treatment
      verification radiographs were performed and compared with simulator planning
      radiographs. It was demonstrated that lymph nodes in the area most at risk, i.e.,
      para-aortic nodes at L1 to L3 on the ipsilateral side, were inadequately
      irradiated on 10% of treatments, and that at least one lymph node miss was
      recorded in 12 of the 24 patients. These results are considered to be a minimum
      estimate. Mostly para-aortic fields 8.0 cm wide were used, but it was shown that
      the number of lymph-node misses could have been substantially reduced by using
      fields 9.0 cm wide, whilst the consequent increase in irradiated kidney volume
      was considered acceptable.

PMID- 3842301
TI  - Crossed sagittal-suture cephalhaematoma.

PMID- 3842302
TI  - Calcification of the thoracic aorta in a child.

PMID- 3842303
TI  - Pelvic digit.

PMID- 3842304
TI  - Fetal cystic hygroma, web neck and trisomy 13 syndrome.

PMID- 3842306
TI  - The value of systematic performance monitoring on a Picker 1200SX CT scanner.

PMID- 3842305
TI  - Radiological findings in a case of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

PMID- 3842307
TI  - Scapular fracture.

PMID- 3842308
TI  - Symptom duration and survival.

PMID- 3842309
TI  - Radiological evaluation of asymmetrical limitation of hip abduction during the
      first year of life.
AB  - Asymmetrical limitation of abduction of the hip may be found on screening of
      children in the first year of life. The clinical features identified may occur in
      congenital dislocation of the hip but most infants do not have or develop hip
      dislocation. Radiological changes are present on the side of limitation of
      abduction and include a higher acetabular angle, retardation of femoral head
      epiphyseal development, pelvic obliquity and a rotational deformation of the
      pelvis in the transaxial plane. The appearances are postural deformities due to
      persistent infant positioning and are self-correcting. If aggressive treatment
      methods are to be avoided, the radiologist should not confuse these changes with
      those of congenital hip dislocation or subluxation.

PMID- 3842310
TI  - The painful swollen sterno-clavicular joint.
AB  - Thirteen patients with isolated pain and swelling of a sterno-clavicular
      clavicular joint have been reviewed. Three groups were identified. Group 1
      comprised four patients, all of whom had a short history of less than six weeks
      and suffered a pyarthrosis or malignant disease; group 2, four patients who were
      shown to have features of condensing osteitis of the clavicle (Cone et al, 1983);
      and group 3, five patients, had degenerative arthritis of a sterno-clavicular
      joint. The only difference between groups 2 and 3 were that patients in group 3
      had a rather longer history, both articular surfaces were involved and showed a
      possible increase in the incidence of degenerative joint disease elsewhere. It is
      suggested that condensing osteitis is but a part of a spectrum of degenerative
      disease of the sterno-clavicular joints, akin to discogenic vertebral body
      sclerosis (McCarthy & Dorfman, 1982).

PMID- 3842312
TI  - Experimental evaluation of various available contrast agents for use in the
      gastrointestinal tract in case of suspected leakage. Effects on peritoneum.
AB  - The effects of seven contrast agents were studied on the peritoneum of rats in
      order to find the most suitable and safe contrast agent in cases where leakage
      might be expected from the gastrointestinal tract into the peritoneal cavity.
      Hexabrix appeared to give the least tissue reaction, with Amipaque and
      Gastrografin in second place (but not significantly different statistically).

PMID- 3842311
TI  - Radiological evaluation of mucocoele of the paranasal sinuses.
AB  - Ten cases of mucocoele of the para-nasal sinuses are reported. Plain X-ray
      findings were suggestive of the diagnosis in all cases. CT revealed a well
      defined homogeneous mass, isodense with brain, with expansion of the para-nasal
      sinuses and extension of the mass into the orbit or parasellar area in eight
      cases. Surgical confirmation was obtained in all cases.

PMID- 3842313
TI  - Tumour antigens in experimental and human systems.

PMID- 3842314
TI  - Cell surface antigens of melanocytes and melanoma.
AB  - One major focus of cancer immunology is the question of tumour-specific antigens,
      the existence of which has yet to be proven. The prime candidates for antigens
      that can be considered tumour-specific are the class 1 unique antigens that have
      been serologically defined on human malignant melanomas by antibodies from the
      tumour-bearing host. In addition to these antigens, intensive immunological,
      biochemical and genetic analyses of melanoma have permitted a rudimentary
      classification of other surface antigens expressed by this tumour type. Cell
      surface antigens of melanoma can be grouped into three general classes:
      restricted antigens (i.e. antigens which are expressed by melanomas and
      astrocytomas) many of which are differentiation markers characterizing cells of
      neuroectodermal origin; antigens with intermediate distribution (i.e. antigens
      which are present on some cell tumour types but not on others and which show a
      limited distribution on normal tissues and cells); and antigens with broad
      distribution (i.e. antigens expressed by most human cells either malignant or
      normal). The detailed knowledge of the surface antigens (i.e. differentiation
      antigens and class 1 unique antigens) of melanoma cells has permitted a rational
      and coherent approach to assessing the possibility of immunological control of
      malignant melanoma in the clinic.

PMID- 3842315
TI  - Characteristics of tumour-specific antigens.
AB  - It is clear that an essential and detailed body of knowledge is now becoming
      available through recent investigations in the experimental animal and in humans
      concerning the biochemical and genetic characteristics of tumour antigens,
      especially tumour-specific antigens. Hopefully, through this knowledge, we shall
      be able to improve the diagnosis and control of cancer. To summarize the recent
      findings in our laboratory, proteins p82 and p86 have been isolated and
      apparently purified from MC-induced sarcomas and from an SV40-induced sarcoma of
      BALB/c mice. Each protein, where assayed, shows a specific immunogenicity for the
      tumour from which it was isolated. Both p82 and p86 are present on the several
      sarcomas we studied and have been purified using the isolation and
      chromatographic procedures used initially for Meth A. On the basis of information
      obtained to date, p82 and p86 appear to be separate entities as determined by
      their chromatographic patterns, molecular masses, isoelectric points, amino acid
      compositions and reactivities to the specific antisera raised against the
      purified antigens. Each appears to be a well-conserved protein. Partial amino
      acid sequences obtained from p82 indicate that p82 is a unique protein. The
      answer to whether p82 and p86 are related or unrelated molecules, however, must
      wait for more complete structural studies. Such studies will hopefully lead to a
      molecular characterization and identification of the genetic mechanisms
      responsible for diversity of TATA, and will determine whether TATA within a group
      (for example among carcinogen-induced sarcomas) represent a family of
      structurally related molecules with polymorphic epitopes coded for by a single
      locus, or unrelated molecules coded for by several loci.

PMID- 3842316
TI  - The molecular nature of multiple tumour-associated antigens expressed by a
      Rauscher-MuLV induced leukaemia.
AB  - The identification of the molecules that bear the antigenic determinants
      recognized during an anti-tumour immune response is an important goal of tumour
      biology. It is now well established that most murine tumours express multiple
      tumour-associated antigens and in many cases it has been possible to show that
      these multiple antigens are expressed on completely different molecules. In the
      case of tumours induced by DNA and RNA viruses, certain virally encoded proteins
      may be tumour antigens. However, these tumours, like tumours of nonviral origin,
      also express other antigen-bearing molecules that are encoded by cellular genes.
      Frequently, the same tumour-associated antigen-bearing molecules are shared by
      all independently induced tumours of similar aetiology leading to the prediction
      that the expression of these antigenic molecules is linked to the molecular
      events necessary for tumour induction. Many of the nonviral tumour-associated
      antigen-bearing molecules purified to date are also found on normal tissues, but
      the normal metabolic function of these molecules and the alterations that render
      them antigenic are not yet understood.

PMID- 3842317
TI  - Recent advances in the treatment and research in lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3842318
TI  - Monoclonal antibody therapy of lymphoid malignancy.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies which bind to tumour cell surface antigens have produced
      regressions of malignancies in an increasing number of clinical trials. The
      largest experience to date is in the treatment of refractory B and T lymphoid
      tumours using a variety of intravenously administered mouse monoclonal
      antibodies. Treatment with antibodies against common differentiation antigens or
      very specific anti-idiotype antibodies has been effective in both cases. Toxicity
      has been acceptably low. A number of problems which limit the application and
      efficacy of monoclonal antibody therapy of lymphoid malignancy have been
      identified. Most prominent among these are tumour heterogeneity, which allows non
      antibody binding subpopulations of the tumour to escape therapy, and the
      patient's immunological response to the monoclonal antibody-tumour cell complex.
      As more experience is accumulated, solutions to these problems will be found.

PMID- 3842319
TI  - Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of Hodgkin's disease derived cell lines:
      histopathological and clinical implications.
AB  - Five Hodgkin's disease (HD) derived cell lines were established in vitro in our
      laboratory in the last seven years. Morphological, cytochemical, immunological
      and cytogenetic marker analysis demonstrated that the in vitro cells represent
      genotypically and phenotypically the in vivo Hodgkin (H) and Sternberg-Reed (SR)
      cells in biopsy specimens. The cultured cells resemble haematolymphoid cells at
      different stages of maturation. Four of the five continue to grow in vitro as
      suspension cells after more than 50 months. Four more in vitro HD-derived lines
      were described recently by several authors. A summary of the various marker
      characteristics of these in vitro lines is given as a synopsis of the phenotypic
      marker spectrum and is discussed in comparison with our own cell lines. There is
      a striking similarity between two of the newly established lines (CO, HDLM-2) and
      our lines whereas the two other in vitro established cultures seem to resemble
      cell species further along the line of maturation to B lymphocytes (DEV) and
      monocytes (SU-HD-1). Gene rearrangement experiments undertaken with the L428,
      L540, L591 and the CO cell line show that the L428 and 591 cells have undergone
      gene rearrangement, the L428 being compatible with the genotypic state of a pre-B
      cell; the L591 cells, similarly rearranged furthermore demonstrated functional
      light chain rearrangement, compatible with B-cell development. By cytogenetic
      analysis chromosome 7 was found to be affected in all our described lines. This
      chromosome appears to be particularly unstable and vulnerable in patients with
      HD, since all tested cell lines revealed multiple abnormalities of this
      chromosome, a finding which is in accordance with observations made by other
      investigators in HD-biopsy cells. Since similar structural changes or loss of
      chromosome 7 is a characteristic event in cases of secondary acute non
      lymphocytic leukaemia, it is speculated that this form of secondary neoplasia
      could resemble the blast crisis, as observed in chronic myeloid leukaemia.

PMID- 3842320
TI  - Phenotypic attributes of the malignant cell population in Hodgkin's disease
      indicate a monocyte/macrophage origin.
AB  - The cellular origin of the malignant cells in Hodgkin's disease (HD) has been
      discussed for several decades. Previous investigations on fresh biopsy material
      and cultured cells from lesions of Hodgkin's disease have led to various
      suggestions such as a T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte or monocyte/macrophage origin of
      HD cells. However, all these studies have been hampered by uncertainty in the
      identification of the truly malignant cells. It has therefore been desirable to
      establish in vitro lines of the malignant cell population in HD. A number of cell
      lines from HD lesions has been described, but most of these studies can, upon a
      critical appraisal, be dismissed as not being representative for Hodgkin's and
      Reed-Sternberg cells. We report on the phenotypes of established cell lines of
      Hodgkin's cells and conclude that it is most likely that the malignant Hodgkin's
      cells are derived from cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage.

PMID- 3842321
TI  - Hodgkin's disease: successful dissemination of high technology treatment
      throughout the United States.
AB  - In the 1950s and 1960s, concepts of the curability of Hodgkin's disease were
      changing due to a better understanding of the natural history of the disease and
      major technical innovations for evaluating the extent of disease and treating it
      with radiation therapy. The Patterns of Care Study in the United States of
      national practice and of selected referral centres has been analysed to determine
      the extent of the adoption or dissemination of our concepts of best current
      management into the United States practice as a whole. A favourable overall level
      of compliance has been noted, while the National Cancer Institute-funded Cancer
      Centers and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) facilities show the best
      process compliance. University facilities, large practices and full-time
      practitioners consistently outperform their counterparts in community practices,
      small practices and part-time practices. Despite these generalizations, we have
      observed poorly performing facilities in all strata of practice that require that
      the quality be assessed on an individual facility basis.

PMID- 3842322
TI  - Coronary arteriography: indications, techniques, and morbidity.
AB  - Coronary arteriography has evolved into a relatively safe and simple procedure,
      yielding important information about the patient with clinical manifestations of
      coronary heart disease. The clear trend is to employ arteriography earlier and
      more frequently in the evaluation. The major therapeutic modality dependent on
      arteriography at present is bypass surgery, but transluminal angioplasty is
      rapidly developing and will probably be applicable to an expanding portion of
      patients. Even newer is thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction with its
      promise of limiting myocardial damage in that setting.

PMID- 3842323
TI  - Invasive cardiology.

PMID- 3842324
TI  - Thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3842325
TI  - Evaluation of myocardial function by invasive methods.
AB  - The evaluation of myocardial performance requires an understanding of the
      contributions of loading conditions (preload and afterload), heart rate, and
      contractility. Although the measurement of these parameters often requires
      specialized techniques, more easily performed invasive evaluation can take place
      applying the principles derived from an understanding of the factors affecting
      cardiac performance. The construction of ventricular function curves permits the
      evaluation of the influence of preload on the work of the heart. Changes in
      afterload and/or myocardial contractility can produce a series of such function
      curves. Construction of pressure-volume loops and the examination of end-systolic
      pressure-volume relationships offer insights into the status of myocardial
      contractility apart from loading conditions, as well as into the response of the
      heart to acute and chronic alteration in loading conditions. Ventricular function
      curves can be obtained during exercise, pacing, and pharmacologic intervention in
      order to detect subtle cardiac dysfunction, to assess the severity of
      dysfunction, and to gauge the response to therapy.

PMID- 3842327
TI  - Electrophysiologic study in supraventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 3842326
TI  - The angiographic spectrum of coronary artery disease.
AB  - A wide spectrum of coronary arteriographic anatomic findings exists in patients
      presenting with clinically stable and unstable angina pectoris. Although some
      generalizations about the clinical-angiographic correlations can be made, we are
      continuously reminded of the frequent individual patient whose findings fall well
      outside of these generalizations. The majority of patients will have double- or
      triple-vessel coronary disease, with approximately 10 percent having in addition
      a left main coronary artery stenosis of at least 50 percent luminal diameter
      narrowing. Patients with unstable angina tend to have slightly greater vessel
      involvement in terms of lesion severity, though major differences, in general,
      are not seen. Intracoronary thrombus is present more frequently in patients with
      unstable angina and in those with recent myocardial infarction, though the
      overall incidence of this finding is low. Knowledge of the anatomic extent of
      coronary atherosclerosis is useful for determining prognosis and for selection
      from an ever-increasing variety of medical and surgical treatment options.
      Cardiac imaging is a continuously evolving field with new techniques such as
      digital angiography, three-dimensional dynamic imaging (dynamic spatial
      reconstructor), and nuclear magnetic resonance undergoing preclinical or clinical
      evaluation. These modalities hold promise for ultimately evaluating the coronary
      vessels from unlimited angles, assessing regional transmural myocardial perfusion
      and the cellular metabolic consequences of ischemia. However, current therapies
      (bypass surgery or coronary angioplasty) are based upon modifications of major
      epicardial coronary anatomy, and techniques that adequately define this anatomy
      are required. Moreover, for imaging data to have prognostic application, it must
      have previously established clinical prognostic correlates and be broadly
      applicable or widely available for patients. Thus for the present and immediate
      foreseeable future, coronary angiography will be the primary method for
      establishing the anatomic abnormalities of the coronary arteries, and these
      angiographic studies will remain vital for the clinical management of ischemic
      heart disease.

PMID- 3842328
TI  - Ventricular arrhythmia induction study.

PMID- 3842329
TI  - Physiologic temporary pacing: techniques and indications.

PMID- 3842330
TI  - Bedside hemodynamic monitoring in the cardiac care unit.
AB  - Bedside hemodynamic monitoring provides useful information regarding the
      differential diagnosis of the various pathologic mechanisms of low output
      syndrome. It also allows recognition of hemodynamic subsets of patients with
      acute myocardial infarction. Furthermore, hemodynamic monitoring is necessary for
      prompt evaluation of the response to therapeutic interventions in patients with
      low output syndrome. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, hemodynamic
      indices can also be used for evaluation of immediate prognosis. Because bedside
      hemodynamic monitoring is relatively safe, and with proper precautionary measures
      the potential complications can be avoided, hemodynamic monitoring should be
      considered in the management of all critically ill cardiac patients.

PMID- 3842331
TI  - Pericardiocentesis using echocardiography.
AB  - Echocardiography is the procedure of choice for the detection and localization of
      pericardial effusion. It should be performed in all patients prior to elective
      pericardiocentesis to confirm the diagnosis and to determine the size and
      location of the effusion in order to minimize the risk and to maximize the yield
      of pericardiocentesis. When pericardial tamponade is suspected, echocardiography
      should be performed, time permitting, to document the presence of effusion,
      because other clinical entities, such as right ventricular failure, may mimic
      tamponade. Additionally, the finding of diastolic posterior motion of the right
      ventricular wall, or "diastolic collapse" of the right ventricle, is further
      evidence for the presence of tamponade and, at times, may eliminate the need for
      invasive hemodynamic diagnosis. Echocardiography is also useful when performed
      during pericardiocentesis, to evaluate the size and location of the effusion as
      the procedure progresses. Contrast echocardiography can determine the position of
      the pericardiocentesis needle quickly and safely. Thus the appropriate use of
      echocardiography has increased the safety and improved the yield of diagnostic
      and therapeutic pericardiocentesis.

PMID- 3842332
TI  - Angiographic findings after acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3842333
TI  - Clinical biochemistry nearer the patient.

PMID- 3842334
TI  - Medical biosensors.

PMID- 3842335
TI  - Ion-selective electrode technology: an overview.
AB  - Diluting a sample before analysis, as is required by both flame photometry and
      indirect reading ISE analysers, gives less relevant analytical results than
      measuring an undiluted sample directly. This is because dilution masks the impact
      that protein and lipids exert on the true activity of an ion in a clinical
      sample. Measuring a sample directly without dilution enables only those ions
      which are not bound to other materials, e.g. other ions or proteins, to be
      detected. The levels of these free ions are more likely to reflect true
      physiological status than analysis of both free and bound ions. Measuring a
      sample of whole blood directly without dilution can only be performed accurately
      if the ISE analyser reference junction is unaffected by changes in haematocrit.
      Calibrant compositions should be of an ionic strength similar to that of
      physiological samples. Residual liquid junction potentials between calibrants and
      samples should be minimised by careful design of the reference electrode.

PMID- 3842336
TI  - Computers and communications.

PMID- 3842337
TI  - Clinical testing and quality control.

PMID- 3842338
TI  - Interference from drugs.

PMID- 3842339
TI  - Selection and maintenance of equipment.

PMID- 3842340
TI  - Liability: who carries the can?

PMID- 3842341
TI  - The possibility of clinical biochemistry nearer the patient in German hospitals.

PMID- 3842342
TI  - Intensive care unit and operating theatre.

PMID- 3842343
TI  - Therapeutic drug monitoring.

PMID- 3842344
TI  - General practitioners' office.

PMID- 3842345
TI  - Biochemical self-monitoring: promise, practice and problems.

PMID- 3842346
TI  - The developing countries: primary health care.

PMID- 3842348
TI  - The acute abdomen and laboratory diagnosis.

PMID- 3842347
TI  - Distributed technology: managing decentralised clinical biochemistry.

PMID- 3842349
TI  - Immediacy: speed of response from the point of view of the physician.
AB  - A study has been carried out to determine the value of some standard biochemical
      tests in the emergency management of 209 acute medical admissions. Of the 678
      emergency tests done, only 17.5 per cent showed abnormal results and of these
      only 12 per cent were helpful in diagnosis although 66 per cent were of value in
      treating the patients. The tests were most helpful in treating diabetic patients
      where the blood-glucose level decided insulin dosage in every patient; the pO2
      and pCO2 levels were of value in acute on chronic obstructive airways disease;
      and the serum electrolytes were helpful in managing dehydration due to vomiting
      and diarrhoea. The possible reasons for the large number of useless tests carried
      out in diagnosis of these emergency admissions are discussed, and it is suggested
      that the most important way of avoiding unnecessary tests is better doctor
      training both before and after qualification. The place of immediacy of tests in
      the medical out-patient department is also considered. It is concluded that
      immediacy is of little value in diagnosing and treating out-patients, but would
      be helpful in reducing unnecessary return visits.

PMID- 3842350
TI  - Problems with documentation including the 'blunder' rate.

PMID- 3842351
TI  - Laboratory-clinician interaction and the interpretation of test results.
AB  - Medical care has become more complex and dependent on technological innovations
      such as computerised tomography and laser surgery. The use of computers for
      diagnostic purposes and the emergency of the field of artificial intelligence as
      purveyor of the medical data base, have given the practitioners a very large body
      of data to which they must apply their considerable ability. However, the more
      methods become sophisticated and technically advanced, the greater the need for
      close cooperation and sharing of expertise between the various components of the
      delivery of health services. In this context, the clinical laboratory is an
      amplification of the physician's senses so that he can 'see', 'hear' and 'feel'
      at cellular, molecular and atomic levels. This is carried out by optimised use of
      laboratory capabilities by the clinical biochemist and the physician. The bedside
      is the meeting point between the clinician and his consultants and the patient.
      It is here that a decision will be made that will have a profound effect on the
      health of the patient. The ability of the clinical biochemist to design test
      strategies, control sample handling and interpret laboratory data, is greatly
      enhanced by having him at the bedside, in close cooperation with the physician.
      This relationship between the patient, the physician and the laboratory is seen
      in Figure 6.2. The physician, even with the most sophisticated and modern bedside
      instruments, cannot be expected to be an expert in properly evaluating test
      results. He is an expert in synthesising a large body of expert evidence into
      diagnosis and treatment of his patient. Refusing to consult the clinical
      biochemist on the interpretation of laboratory data or receiving non-expert
      consultation can have serious consequences to the patient. However, the clinical
      biochemist can only truly provide expert analysis if he is 'near' the patient and
      can be attuned to his physical as well as his emotional and social state which
      have a great influence on the interpretation of his physiological status. This
      latter aspect was extremely well put by Peabody almost 60 years ago and is still
      correct today. Clinical biochemistry must be 'near' the patient to fully realise
      its professional status.

PMID- 3842352
TI  - Solid-phase analytical elements for clinical analysis.
AB  - The technology of dry reagent chemistries is sufficiently advanced so that
      analytical elements can be developed for almost any clinical analyte. Each
      element contains all the reagents and separation steps necessary to conduct an
      analysis. This provides the user with several advantages. The ability to obtain
      several analyses from small sample volumes has always been recognised as
      desirable with neonatal and geriatric patients. With dry reagent chemistries,
      usually 10 microliters of serum or 30 microliters of whole blood are sufficient
      per analysis. Hence, a profile of 15 tests can be conducted with 150 microliters
      of serum. The waste of reconstituted but unused reagents is eliminated. This
      provides more efficient and cost-effective use of reagents. The reagents are
      stable and require little storage space. In addition, they are extremely
      convenient to use and require only a small amount of technical skill. This allows
      for expansion of clinical analyses into such decentralised settings as the
      hospital ward, physician's office and even the home.

PMID- 3842353
TI  - Enzyme electrodes and related technologies.
AB  - The technical outlook is promising for miniature analytical systems which are
      internally complex but externally simple. Salient features to be anticipated are:
      The use of miniature electrodes or other sensors in combination with enzymes or
      immunological compounds for biochemical specificity. The use of arrays of
      miniature electrodes or other sensors. Relatively low cost because of adaptation
      of semiconductor fabrication techniques. The attendant possibility of the devices
      being disposable. The intimate involvement of real time computation. The use of
      simultaneous replicate assays, with increased confidence in the accuracy of the
      assay. Overall, rapid assays. Because of these possibilities, it may be concluded
      that the technological outlook for conducting clinical chemistry assays nearer
      the patient is promising.

PMID- 3842354
TI  - Survivor-victims and crisis care.

PMID- 3842355
TI  - Follow-up study on the attempted suicides among the elderly in Helsinki in 1973
      1979.

PMID- 3842356
TI  - [Suicide and unemployment].

PMID- 3842357
TI  - [Catamnesis of a suicide: death by asphyxiation in a plastic bag under the effect
      of ether while listening to music].

PMID- 3842358
TI  - A systematic and integrated interagency model for providing coordinated and
      comprehensive suicide prevention services.

PMID- 3842359
TI  - Psychosocial correlates of suicidal behaviors in an urban population.

PMID- 3842360
TI  - Depression, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in 900 adolescents: an
      analysis.

PMID- 3842361
TI  - Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis): a report of an imported
      case previously diagnosed as tuberculosis.
AB  - A case of paracoccidioidomycosis, previously treated for tuberculosis for two
      years, is reported. Combined treatment with oral ketoconazole and
      sulfamethoxypyridazine was successful. The problem of a low index of suspicion
      among physicians for tropical mycoses, which are very rarely observed in Italy,
      is discussed.

PMID- 3842362
TI  - Studies on histoplasmosis farciminosi (epizootic lymphangitis) in Egypt.
      Isolation of Histoplasma farciminosum from cases of histoplasmosis farciminosi in
      horses and its morphological characteristics.
AB  - Isolation of Histoplasma farciminosum from five horses, showing typical signs of
      histoplasmosis farciminosi (epizootic lymphangitis) was successfully attempted.
      The mycelial form of H. farciminosum was isolated on Sabouraud dextrose agar
      enriched with 2.5% glycerol, brain heart infusion (BHI) agar enriched with 10%
      horse blood and PPLO dextrose glycerol agar. The last medium proved to be the
      most effective, both for primary isolation and subculturing of the fungus. It was
      found that on primary isolation, the lag phase of the mycelial form of the fungus
      was relatively long, involving 4-8 weeks at 25 degrees C. Colonies of the
      mycelial form of H. farciminosum appeared on subculture as a yellowish, light
      brown to deep brown, convoluted, waxy, cauliflower-like growth tending to form
      scant aerial growth. Conversion of the mycelial form to the yeast form of H.
      farciminosum was successful by subculturing either on BHI agar with 5% blood or
      on Pine's medium and incubating at 35-37 degrees C. Complete conversion to the
      yeast form was achieved only after 4-5 repeated serial transfers onto fresh media
      every 8 days. The yeast colonies were flat, raised, slightly or deeply wrinkled,
      white to light gray to grayish brown, and were pasty in consistency.

PMID- 3842363
TI  - [Nutritional status: spectra, mirages, speculations].

PMID- 3842364
TI  - [Research and development, the first responsibility of the Secretariat of
      Health].

PMID- 3842365
TI  - [Risk factors according to the established model of cerebrovascular disease in
      young women].

PMID- 3842366
TI  - [Implications of the clinico-pathological types, levels of invasion and maximum
      thickness of tumors].

PMID- 3842368
TI  - [Creativity in medical practice].

PMID- 3842367
TI  - [Profile of the research physician].

PMID- 3842369
TI  - [The changing profile of the surgeon in Mexico in the last 30 years].

PMID- 3842370
TI  - [Health care and medicine].

PMID- 3842371
TI  - Effects of succinylcholine and related substances administered into the medial
      preoptic area on the local EEG, body temperature, heart rate, galvanic skin
      resistance and biogenic amines.
AB  - Succinylcholine (Sch) which is a cholinergic neuromuscular blocker has been known
      to occasionally lead to episodes of malignant hyperthermia in swine and humans.
      In order to find whether it produces any hyperthermic effects through action on
      medial preoptic area, experiments were carried on by administering
      intracerebrally the chemical into the medial preoptic area through an in-dwelling
      cannula-cum-electrode in the free moving rat. The changes in body temperature and
      the local EEG were studied. For comparison purpose, the effects of carbachol,
      atropine and phenylephrine were also studied. Further, in the curarized state of
      no muscular activity, the effect of SCh on the preoptic area was again tested and
      also the changes in the other autonomic parameters of heart rate and galvanic
      skin resistance (GSR) were studied. It was observed that SCh given into preoptic
      area caused a clear hyperthermic effect. The effect was countered by prior
      administration of atropine into the site. After SCh the local EEG changed into a
      high amplitude slow wave format. The heart rate was not altered but the GSR
      increased by two-fold. Carbachol caused a rise in body temperature, heart rate
      and also GSR. SCh also caused a reduction in noradrenaline content of the
      hypothalamus by 23% while no change in dopamine and serotonin occurred. Serotonin
      increased by 28% in the brainstem with no change in the other amines. Septum
      showed an increase of noradrenaline and dopamine contents by 40% and 25%
      respectively. Keeping in view the monoaminergic connections and thermoregulatory
      role of the preoptic area, one may postulate that SCh could inhibit the warm
      sensors and the controls of the dual sympathetic mechanism which normally leads
      to an increase of sudomotor activity and a decrease of vasomotor activity, the
      inhibition resulting in rise of body temperature.

PMID- 3842372
TI  - Circadian desynchronization in pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure,
      rectal temperature and urine output in traumatic tetraplegics.
AB  - An investigation was undertaken to study the circadian rhythmicity in pulse rate,
      systolic and diastolic blood pressure, rectal temperature and urine output in
      eight traumatic tetraplegics in view of the fact that diurnal rhythmicity in
      prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone was absent in such patients.
      The data, analysed by single cosinor procedure, showed absence of rhythmicity in
      all five parameters. Analysis of variance also showed no significant difference
      in these parameters at various time points. Knowledge of the alterations in
      circadian biology subsequent to cervical spinal cord trauma would provide useful
      guidelines towards chronotherapy and vocational rehabilitation of tetraplegics
      besides possible restoration of euchronism by pharmacological means.

PMID- 3842373
TI  - Effect of steroid hormones and vitamin B6 on age dependent changes in
      aminotransferases in rat.
AB  - Experiments have been carried out on liver and Kidneys to study the age dependent
      changes in alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and the influence of steroid
      hormones corticosterone (catabolic), testosterone (anabolic) and vitamin B6 on
      these changes. The rats used were of the ages between 7 to 73 weeks. It is
      observed that specific activity of alanine aminotransferase as well as the
      activity per liver increased with age. The same is true with the kidneys.
      Corticosterone treatment brings about two and half fold increase in activity in
      the liver of younger rats, whereas there is only 25% increase in the oldest
      group. Testosterone and vitamin B6 lower this activity, the latter showed more
      pronounced effect. In the case of kidneys the changes are marginal. Aspartate
      aminotransferase shows marginal changes in the specific activities in both liver
      and kidney, whereas the total activity increases with age, except in the case of
      liver where there is decrease at 73 weeks. Both testosterone and vitamin B6 have
      marginal influence on the kidney enzyme. There is no apparent explanation for the
      differential behaviour of the two enzymes.

PMID- 3842374
TI  - Comparative study of visual and auditory reaction time of hands and feet in males
      and females.
AB  - Simple reaction time of hands and feet was studied in normal subjects (47 males,
      and 17 females) to visual and auditory stimuli using an electric circuit and
      recording points of stimulus and action on a fast moving kymograph. There are
      significant differences between reaction times of hands and feet, right side and
      left side, males and females and between auditory and visual reaction times (ART
      and VRT). Both VRT and ART were significantly faster in hands. Delayed response
      of left side (LH and LF), was more marked in feet with ART. On crossing hands,
      both VRT and ART took more time in RH. Males responded faster than females,
      difference being significant mainly in ART and that too on left side. ART was
      slightly faster than VRT. Faster response of right side was probably due to the
      fact that all the subjects were right handed persons.

PMID- 3842375
TI  - The effect of vagotomy and hydrocortisone administration on pulmonary surfactant
      activity in adult albino rats.
AB  - The role of vagus and hydrocortisone in the regulation of lung surfactant was
      studied in adult albino rats. Dynamic surface tension and phospholipid content
      were measured in the lung wash for estimating surfactant activity. The results
      indicate that vagotomy significantly decreases the surfactant activity whereas
      hydrocortisone does not alter it. But when hydrocortisone was administered prior
      to vagotomy it could prevent the decrease in surfactant activity. Thus it is
      concluded the regulation of lung surfactant in the adult lung is mainly by vagus
      nerve and hydrocortisone as such has no role but in the absence of vagal
      regulation hydrocortisone could maintain normal lung surfactant activity.

PMID- 3842376
TI  - Serum concentration and urinary excretion of ethambutol administered alone and in
      combination with isoniazid in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - Ethambutol (20 mg/kg) was administered orally to 10 patients of pulmonary
      tuberculosis for seven consecutive days at 8 a.m. after over night fast. On 7th
      day serum levels were measured at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hr intervals and urinary
      excretion was estimated at 2, 4, 6 and 24 hr following ethambutol administration.
      Simultaneous administration of isoniazid (300 mg, orally) for next seven days to
      the same patients significantly raised the serum levels of ethambutol at 4, 6 and
      8 hr and the cumulative per cent dose excreted was decreased significantly at 4,
      6 and 24 hr. The serum levels and urinary elimination was not significantly
      different at 2 hr.

PMID- 3842378
TI  - Effect of prolactin and bromocriptine administration on epididymal function--a
      biochemical study in rats.
AB  - The pattern of androgen dependent enzyme activities of epididymis was studied
      after the administration of prolactin and bromocriptine in albino rats. Prolactin
      activated the glycogenolysis and hexose mono and diphosphate pathways, which
      would be essential for sperm maturation. But bromocriptine inhibited these
      activities of epididymis. Hence role of bromocriptine in decreasing epididymal
      function has been suggested.

PMID- 3842377
TI  - Serum protein profile in normal pregnancy and in relation to parity.
AB  - Forty pregnant females of third trimester and their twenty non-pregnant controls
      were screened for Hb%, PCV and serum protein differentials in relation to parity.
      Paper electrophoresis method revealed significant rise in mean levels of serum
      alpha 1, alpha 2 and beta-globulins in pregnant females as compared to non
      pregnant controls, which may be due to the rise in pregnancy-associated-proteins.
      Radial immunodiffusion method revealed rise in mean serum IgM level with
      increasing parity, whereas a decrease in mean serum IgG level was observed which
      might be due to the placental membrane-transfer and/or decreased IgG synthesis.
      Haematological investigations revealed decreased Hb% and PCV which may have been
      caused both due to increased demand of nutrients as well as by haemodilution,
      associated with water retention during pregnancy.

PMID- 3842379
TI  - Influence of divalent cations on rabbit atria and modification of catecholamine
      response on pacemaker cells.
AB  - Spontaneously beating isolated atria of rabbits responded to Mn++ and Co++ with a
      progressively increasing negative chronotropism and inotropism, which was
      reversible by washout and by elevating the bath concentration of Ca++. The
      cumulative dose response curve for adrenaline for chronotropic response was
      markedly shifted to the right in the presence of Mn++ or Co++. This effect was
      also reversible. Verapamil produced only a moderate decline in spontaneous rate
      and contractility and did not block the chronotropic response to adrenaline. It
      is concluded that Mn++ and Co++ block the action of catecholamine on the
      pacemaker cells and they differ at least in part from organic calcium channel
      antagonists in their mechanism of action.

PMID- 3842380
TI  - Designing of a brain stimulator suitable for intracranial self-stimulation
      experiments for studying the brain-stimulation reward system.
AB  - A circuit design has been developed and described for fabricating and using in
      the intracranial self-stimulation experiments on rat to study the brain
      stimulation reward behaviour, and to explore into the underlying mechanisms of
      drives and motivated behaviours. The stimulator can be fabricated with parts
      available in India. It has been continuously used and tested during the last four
      years in different research studies.

PMID- 3842381
TI  - Effect of metronidazole on the hepatic mixed function oxygenases (cytochromes b5
      and P-450) in Swiss mice.
AB  - Effect of metronidazole (MNZ) treatment (oral and ip) on activities of cytochrome
      b5 and P-450 was studied in male, virgin and pregnant female mice. Activities of
      both the cytochromes increased in virgin mice treated with 2 mg (ip or PO, per
      mouse) but not in male and pregnant females. 30 mg dose (per mouse) was toxic in
      pregnant mice but increased the cytochromes activities in males and virgin
      females. HPLC analysis of liver MNZ levels showed that virgin females had higher
      MNZ content than male and pregnant females when treated with ip injection of MNZ
      (250 mg/kg).

PMID- 3842382
TI  - Changes in brain cholesterol and its regional distribution under the influence of
      prednisolone.
AB  - Male albino rats were studied for effect of prednisolone on brain cholesterol and
      water content. Oral administration of prednisolone (5 mg/kg rat/day for 21 days)
      results in reduction of brain weight and brain cholesterol content but no change
      in brain water content was seen. The reduction of cholesterol may be the cause of
      disorders found in neural functions in conditions of glucocorticoid excess.

PMID- 3842383
TI  - Plasma and tissue zinc in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3842384
TI  - Evaluation of birth registration accuracy in Egypt.

PMID- 3842385
TI  - Nutritional status of preschool children attending day care centres in Riyadh
      Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 3842386
TI  - Oxalate content of some common Egyptian food stuffs.

PMID- 3842387
TI  - Mesophilic aerobic organisms and certain pathogens associated with raw and cooked
      meat.

PMID- 3842388
TI  - Mesophilic aerobic organisms and certain pathogens associated with raw and cooked
      poultry.

PMID- 3842389
TI  - Mesophilic aerobic organisms and certain pathogens associated with raw and cooked
      vegetables.

PMID- 3842390
TI  - Microbiological profile of some miscellaneous foods.

PMID- 3842391
TI  - Cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer is not site-specific: effect of local
      modulating factors.
AB  - In cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer, an animal model for the clinical disease,
      lesions are characteristically produced on the anterior and posterior walls of
      the proximal duodenum. Using this model, we investigated factors that may affect
      duodenal ulcer localization and intensity. Mobilization of the gastroduodenum by
      severing its ligaments; circumscribed application of acetic acid to the serosa of
      the lateral wall of the duodenum; or placement of materials (e.g., gelfoam,
      parafilm) on the proximal duodenum, each decreased the intensity of anterior
      posterior ulcers and resulted in formation of atypical, mostly distal duodenal
      ulcers. The effect of these manipulations on acid secretion suggests that their
      influence on the development of duodenal ulcer is not entirely due to modulation
      of gastric secretion. The data indicate that the localization of induced duodenal
      ulcer can be shifted distally and is therefore not site specific. This study
      provides new clues and techniques for the study of the pathogenesis of duodenal
      ulcer disease.

PMID- 3842392
TI  - Alterations in guinea pig hepatocytes exposed to chlorinated hydrocarbons:
      membrane proliferation and excretion.
AB  - Polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons are a widespread, extremely toxic group of
      environmental pollutants. A fine soot containing a mixture of these compounds
      contaminated an office building after a fire involving an electric service
      transformer and its polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) containing cooling fluid. The
      soot was found to contain polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), and
      dibenzofurans (PCDF). Guinea pigs fed this soot develop steatosis and smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum (SER) proliferation as major hepatocyte alterations. The
      proliferated SER is associated with cytoplasmic vacuoles and laminated concentric
      membrane arrays (CMAs) usually associated with lipid. High-voltage electron
      microscopy examination of serial 0.25 micron sections revealed an occasional
      vacuole communicating directly with either a sinusoid or bile canaliculus. This
      channel provided a pathway for the ejection of membrane sheets and condensed
      fragments which shed from the luminal surface of the vacuoles. In addition,
      membrane sheets from the CMAs and proliferated SER were also ejected into the
      vacuoles. This resulted in continuity from the hepatocyte cytoplasm to the
      sinusoids and bile canaliculi via the vacuoles. Membrane sheets were also shed
      directly from the luminal surface of the bile canaliculi. Numerous membrane
      sheets and condensed fragments were found in the sinusoids, bile canaliculi and
      ducts. These morphologic observations elaborate a mechanism of direct and
      indirect membrane ejection from the hepatocyte into the blood and bile spaces and
      may explain the origin of reported elevated serum bilirubin and cholesterol
      levels. Since these PCDDs and PCDFs are excreted primarily via the bile, this
      ejection mechanism may be important in the detoxification process.

PMID- 3842393
TI  - Effect of phenytoin and/or beta-aminoproprionitrile on a surgically induced
      periosteal wound.
AB  - Phenytoin has a beneficial effect on wound healing and on the healing of bone
      fractures, while beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) has an adverse effect on both.
      BAPN causes what appears to be a repair response in the periosteum at sites of
      muscle attachment, but phenytoin does not alter that response. The effect of
      phenytoin and/or BAPN on the repair of a surgically induced periosteal wound at
      the insertion of the adductor longus and pectineus muscles was studied in rats at
      7 days post-wounding. Phenytoin facilitated and BAPN exacerbated the repair
      process, as indicated by the size of the periosteal response. Phenytoin increased
      the percentage of bone present in the responses, and both phenytoin and BAPN
      reduced the amount of cartilage present. The possible role of inflammation in
      obtaining the beneficial effects of phenytoin in wound healing is discussed.

PMID- 3842394
TI  - Pathogenicity of retroviruses containing either the normal human c-Ha-ras1 gene
      or its mutated form derived from the bladder carcinoma EJ/T24 cell line.
AB  - Cellular ras oncogenes transduced by retroviruses carry mutations in amino acids
      12, 59 and 122. Similar mutations have been observed in ras oncogenes activated
      during induction of neoplasia in both humans and experimental animals. The
      unmutated normal rat or human c-Ha-ras-1 genes have the ability to transform NIH
      3T3 cells in culture when activated by a RNA synthesis promoter. These findings
      raise the question of whether the mutations are necessary for the ras oncogenes
      to induce the neoplastic phenotype in vivo. To address this question, we inserted
      the normal human c-Ha-ras-1 or its mutated counterpart EJ/T24 bladder carcinoma
      oncogene independently into a retrovirus vector derived from the M1 strain of
      Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MoMuSV). Both recombinant clones induced foci of
      transformed cells in an NIH 3T3 cell transfection assay. Infectious virus
      particles were rescued from cloned transformants carrying a single copy of the
      integrated provirus using the nonpathogenic amphotrophic wild mouse leukemia
      virus (WMLV) as helper. The pseudotypes rescued from the EJ/T24-containing
      transformants had higher titers than the normal c-Ha-ras-1 pseudotypes as
      determined by a focus assay and gave rise to larger and earlier detected foci
      upon infection of NIH 3T3 cells. The two pseudotypes were tested for in vivo
      pathogenicity by inoculation into newborn NFS mice and were compared to the
      pseudotype WMLV/Harvey murine sarcoma virus (HaMuSV) (positive control) and WMLV
      (negative control). While the WMLV/EJ/T24 and the WMLV/HaMuSV pseudotypes induced
      erythroleukemias and sarcomas with a latency period of 6-9 weeks, the WMLV/c-Ha
      ras-1 pseudotype induced only mild splenomegaly. As expected the WMLV negative
      control induced no pathology. Tumor-bearing animals that were not euthanized at 6
      9 weeks died within 2-3 months following virus inoculation.

PMID- 3842395
TI  - [Cutaneous argyrosis. An electron microscopic study of the shape, structure and
      composition of argyrothiosomes (monoclinic grains of silver sulfide].

PMID- 3842396
TI  - [Current classification of antidotes and chelators in human toxicology].

PMID- 3842397
TI  - [A new method for identifying the epidural space--counting-drops-of-micro-drip
      method].

PMID- 3842398
TI  - Ranitidine as an antacid in elective cesarean delivery and its placenta transfer-
      a preliminary report.

PMID- 3842399
TI  - [Compare the influence of blood pressure and heart rate response to laryngoscopy
      and tracheal intubation with lidocaine and fentanyl].

PMID- 3842400
TI  - Facilitation of rapid endotracheal intubation and neuromuscular effect with
      priming dose of atracurium in pediatrics.

PMID- 3842401
TI  - Epidural nalbuphine hydrochloride in painless labour.

PMID- 3842402
TI  - Pulmonary embolism during general anaesthesia.

PMID- 3842404
TI  - Attenuation of circulatory response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation--a
      comparative study of different low doses of fentanyl with or without additional
      lidocaine in various regimens.

PMID- 3842403
TI  - [Effects of physostigmine on the loss of consciousness induced by i.v.
      thiopentone and ketamine in man].

PMID- 3842405
TI  - [Anesthetic scavenging systems].

PMID- 3842406
TI  - [Clinical experience of continuous epidural anesthesia].

PMID- 3842407
TI  - [Non-pharmacologic management of perioperative episode of P.S.V.T].

PMID- 3842408
TI  - Minimal hepatic and renal function changes after isoflurane anesthesia.

PMID- 3842409
TI  - Epidural butorphanol tartrate in painless labour.

PMID- 3842410
TI  - [Safety and efficacy of low dose intrathecal morphine].

PMID- 3842411
TI  - Subarachnoid administration of butorphanol for the relief of postoperative pain.

PMID- 3842412
TI  - The causes of chronic orthostatic hypotension.

PMID- 3842413
TI  - [Spinal anesthesia with isobaric bupivacaine--clinical effects of different
      directions and speeds of injection].

PMID- 3842414
TI  - [Profound hypothermia with total circulatory arrest in cardiac anesthesia].

PMID- 3842415
TI  - [Clinical study of low-flow anesthesia with isoflurane. I. Cardiovascular effects
      of isoflurane in low-flow anesthesia].

PMID- 3842416
TI  - Anesthesia for amyotonia congenita. A case report.

PMID- 3842417
TI  - [The influence of succinylcholine by pre-treatment with pancuronium, tubocurarine
      and atracurium].

PMID- 3842418
TI  - [Comparison of hyperbaric and isobaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia].

PMID- 3842419
TI  - [Mixture of carbostesin 0.25% & tetocaine 0.5% for spinal anaesthesia].

PMID- 3842420
TI  - [Clinical experience of continuous high abdominal epidural anesthesia].

PMID- 3842421
TI  - Protamine anaphylaxis--a case report and review of literature.

PMID- 3842422
TI  - Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema and cervical emphysema after smooth
      endotracheal anesthesia: a case report.

PMID- 3842423
TI  - Radionuclide detection of biliary atresia. Illustration of a structural method to
      guide test evaluation.
AB  - This paper illustrates the conceptual framework for test evaluation developed in
      the preceding paper. Reanalysis of published data, guided by this framework,
      contradicts preliminary conclusions about the limited statistical discrimination
      of a radionuclide scan to discriminate neonatal hepatitis from biliary atresia.
      It also clarifies the need in future evaluations to consider a number of factors
      not mentioned in many previous studies.

PMID- 3842424
TI  - The superiority of sequential over simultaneous testing.
AB  - Diagnostic tests are typically used to help the physician select among available
      management options. When two or more tests are available, using them sequentially
      is potentially more efficient than simultaneously performing multiple tests, in
      that the former approach may allow the physician to perform fewer tests. In
      particular, we demonstrate that if two common conditions are met, any
      simultaneous strategy involving at least as many tests as management options can
      be replaced by a sequential strategy with the same outcome and a smaller expected
      number of tests. It follows that, in many clinical situations in which the
      benefits of performing fewer tests outweigh the costs that may result from
      delaying diagnosis, simultaneous strategies cannot be optimal. This result can
      decrease the number of diagnostic strategies that the physician or decision
      analyst needs to consider.

PMID- 3842427
TI  - Selecting a display monitor.

PMID- 3842425
TI  - Eliciting preferences for alternative cancer drug treatments. The influence of
      framing, medium, and rater variables.
AB  - In oncology there is increasing interest in the development of techniques to help
      patients choose between alternative therapies in ways that are consistent with
      their preferences. The purpose of this study was to examine some methodological
      problems associated with the elicitation of preferences. Preferences for
      alternative drug therapies were sought from 208 visitors to an open house at the
      Ontario Cancer Institute and from 216 university nursing students. Preferences
      were not significantly dependent on the sex, age or professional status of the
      respondents, nor on the medium used for elicitation of preferences (computer
      terminal versus pencil-and-paper questionnaire). In contrast, the importance of
      the way decision problems are framed was confirmed. Comparison of a positive
      frame (outcomes expressed as the probability of surviving) with a negative frame
      (outcomes expressed as the probability of dying) and a mixed frame (probabilities
      of surviving and dying were both given) pointed to the presence or absence of the
      word "survive" in the outcome description as the main source of framing bias. The
      framing effect was in the opposite direction to that hypothesized.

PMID- 3842426
TI  - Fisher's Exact Test: an easy-to-use statistical test for comparing outcomes.

PMID- 3842428
TI  - An introduction to computer-assisted medical decision making. I.

PMID- 3842429
TI  - Ambulatory ECG monitoring: real-time analysis versus tape scanning systems.

PMID- 3842431
TI  - An introduction to Lisp.

PMID- 3842430
TI  - Medaccount: a medical accounting package.

PMID- 3842432
TI  - Psychological aspects of computer use.

PMID- 3842433
TI  - Fine-tuning a Fortran subroutine.

PMID- 3842435
TI  - Judging visual displays of medical information.

PMID- 3842434
TI  - Error control in medical data.

PMID- 3842436
TI  - Computers in psychiatry.

PMID- 3842437
TI  - The physician's role in selecting hospital computers.

PMID- 3842439
TI  - Programming languages. II.

PMID- 3842438
TI  - Magnetic resonance: the second revolution in computer-based imaging.

PMID- 3842441
TI  - DisplayWrite 2.

PMID- 3842442
TI  - Using spreadsheet programs in pediatrics.

PMID- 3842440
TI  - Doctor's Office Manager: an IBM billing package.

PMID- 3842444
TI  - Optical storage media for medical records and literature.

PMID- 3842443
TI  - Users' reactions to three personal computers.

PMID- 3842445
TI  - Emergi-dos.

PMID- 3842446
TI  - Word processing, phase III.

PMID- 3842448
TI  - Appointment scheduling.

PMID- 3842447
TI  - An introduction to computer-assisted medical decision making. II.

PMID- 3842449
TI  - Sizing your office computer.

PMID- 3842450
TI  - The physician's personal workstation.

PMID- 3842451
TI  - Computers in ophthalmology.

PMID- 3842452
TI  - Computerized clinical decision aids.

PMID- 3842453
TI  - Programming languages III.

PMID- 3842454
TI  - National standards for laboratory data exchange: the next chapter.

PMID- 3842455
TI  - A computer program for calculating fluid maintenance requirements.

PMID- 3842456
TI  - [Hepatitis B virus in a hemodialysis unit].

PMID- 3842457
TI  - Spinal reflex activity in patients with Duchenne, Limb-Girdle and myotonic
      muscular dystrophies.

PMID- 3842458
TI  - Characterization of plasma cell subsets in thyroid disease.

PMID- 3842459
TI  - [Nutritional status with regard to vitamin A in a university student population
      of Buenos Aires].

PMID- 3842460
TI  - [Effect of vinblastine on bile secretion and hepatic ultrastructure in rats].

PMID- 3842461
TI  - [Serum and platelet ascorbic acid levels in patients with hemoglobinopathies].

PMID- 3842463
TI  - [Spontaneous pneumothorax in a man with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3842462
TI  - [Paradoxical response to verapamil. Acceleration of paroxysmal supraventricular
      tachycardia].

PMID- 3842464
TI  - [Computerized tomography of the thorax].

PMID- 3842465
TI  - [Apropos of the editorial on the vertebrobasilar syndromes].

PMID- 3842466
TI  - [Controversy about the H2 blocking action of 1 nocturnal dose of cimetidine in
      gastric hyperacidity].

PMID- 3842467
TI  - [Reye's syndrome].

PMID- 3842468
TI  - [Influence of certain molecules on the partial renewal of platelet phospholipids
      in Aymaras, Quechuas and European populations].

PMID- 3842469
TI  - [Renal function in uninephrectomized patients].

PMID- 3842470
TI  - [7 cases of intracranial tuberculoma].

PMID- 3842471
TI  - [Campylobacter jejuni enteric infections in Rosario].

PMID- 3842472
TI  - [Circulating red cell mass and growth velocity during recovery from severe
      protein deficiency in rats].

PMID- 3842473
TI  - [Proptosis and cancer of the colon].

PMID- 3842474
TI  - [Therapy of Argentinian hemorrhagic fever].

PMID- 3842475
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy: observations of influenza virus adsorption on
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 3842476
TI  - Development of the effect of an indifferentiated tumour extract on sinusoid
      littoral cells of young growing liver.

PMID- 3842477
TI  - Contact between trophoblast and antimesometrial decidual cells in the mouse.

PMID- 3842478
TI  - Ultrastructure of the mitotic nucleus in Leishmania mexicana sp. tridimensional
      reconstruction of the mitotic spindle and dense plaques.

PMID- 3842479
TI  - Ultrastructural study of the effect of progesterone on mouse fibroblasts in
      vitro.

PMID- 3842480
TI  - The cytoskeleton of resident peritoneal mouse macrophages.

PMID- 3842481
TI  - Langerhans cell interrelationships in normal human cervico-vaginal epithelium.

PMID- 3842482
TI  - Late effects of use of nuclear and certain chemical weapons in man.

PMID- 3842483
TI  - Chemical warfare: the present position.

PMID- 3842484
TI  - Nuclear weapons and nuclear power stations: what is the connection?

PMID- 3842485
TI  - The nuclear imperative. The Crookshank lecture, 1984.

PMID- 3842486
TI  - The Pugwash Conferences on science and world affairs.

PMID- 3842487
TI  - Planning for persuasion.

PMID- 3842488
TI  - First Committee of the UN General Assembly, 17 October 1984.

PMID- 3842489
TI  - Nuclear war: lessons from disaster.

PMID- 3842490
TI  - Civil defence in a nuclear disaster.

PMID- 3842492
TI  - Civil defence in the USA.

PMID- 3842491
TI  - Civil defence in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 3842493
TI  - The nuclear threat: when it hurts to think.

PMID- 3842494
TI  - A biosocial perspective of peace and war.

PMID- 3842495
TI  - SIPRI. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.

PMID- 3842496
TI  - The failure of blind faith.

PMID- 3842498
TI  - 'By what right do they decide the fate of all humanity'.

PMID- 3842497
TI  - Around Parliament.

PMID- 3842499
TI  - 'Denial' and 'dissociation' of danger, and 'nuclear winter'.

PMID- 3842500
TI  - Health and the arms race.

PMID- 3842501
TI  - The development of the physicians' peace movements.

PMID- 3842502
TI  - Irresponsible responsibility.

PMID- 3842503
TI  - Doctors, nuclear war, and a town like Alice.

PMID- 3842504
TI  - The recovery of trust.

PMID- 3842505
TI  - World population perspectives 1985.

PMID- 3842506
TI  - The myth of rationality in situations of crisis.

PMID- 3842507
TI  - The International Physicians' movement in West Germany.

PMID- 3842508
TI  - The sociobiology of war.

PMID- 3842509
TI  - Co-operation not confrontation: imperative of the nuclear age. Report on the
      Fifth Congress of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War.

PMID- 3842510
TI  - The International Institute for Peace, Vienna.

PMID- 3842511
TI  - There is hope.

PMID- 3842512
TI  - Groundwork for lobbying.

PMID- 3842513
TI  - 'Peace and development are inseparable'.

PMID- 3842514
TI  - The renaissance of the state psychiatric system.

PMID- 3842516
TI  - Public psychiatry: the road to revitalization.

PMID- 3842515
TI  - Deinstitutionalization in retrospect.

PMID- 3842517
TI  - University/state collaboration.
AB  - This article will be based on experience in New York State and the
      generalizability of that experience is something that each of you will have to
      determine in terms of the issues relevant to where you work.

PMID- 3842518
TI  - Increasing utilization of day hospitals.

PMID- 3842520
TI  - State's role in funding psychiatric care.

PMID- 3842519
TI  - Psychiatric research: the role of the state.
AB  - Psychiatric research is as exciting as any field in health science today. But it
      will require support from a variety of sources if it is to achieve its potential.
      Two main points bear emphasizing in any overview of current mental health
      research. First, of course, is the vitality and significance of the work itself,
      and second is the multifaceted issue of support. This presentation will review
      briefly the various component parts on which this country's mental health
      research establishment is based: funding from the federal government; the crucial
      role of the individual state; and contributions of various other sections of our
      society to the overall research effort. This overview will also consider some of
      the secondary results of research support within the state.

PMID- 3842521
TI  - Civil commitment reform: context and consequences.
AB  - Laws and policies governing the care and treatment of the mentally ill are in
      part shaped by the sociopolitical climate in which they are formulated, and their
      outcomes are similarly shaped by the context in which they occur. Civil
      commitment laws were narrowed in a liberal era but later broadened in response
      both to the outcome of the initial reform and the trend toward social and fiscal
      conservatism which emerged in the late 1970s and 1980s. This study, which reports
      on the evolution of commitment law in the state of Washington, indicates that
      while recent changes in these laws mandate greater use of state hospitals, the
      retention of the procedural safeguards set in place by the initial reform coupled
      with limitations on resources available to state mental health systems will
      prevent a return to the state hospital as it appeared prior to the
      deinstitutionalization movement. These factors may promote the search for non
      institutional alternatives, such as efforts underway in Washington and elsewhere
      to implement civil commitment of community-based services.

PMID- 3842523
TI  - [Cancer of the ovary. Role of diaphragmatic lymphatic block in the mechanism of
      ascites production: studies by scintigraphy].

PMID- 3842522
TI  - The role of the state hospital: a new mandate for a new era.
AB  - We are fast approaching a centennial of New York State's institutional system,
      the anniversary of the State Care Act of 1980. This can be evaluated against
      another important anniversary; the quarter century mark of the current
      convulsion/revolution of the mental hygiene care system of the entire United
      States, commonly referred to as deinstitutionalization. The state institutions,
      which for the past century were built up and maintained as the major locus of
      care for the chronically mentally ill, no longer occupy that central place in
      many localities. Yet these hospitals must continue to struggle with overwhelming
      burdens. Their inpatient populations, although now much smaller, still include
      many seriously mentally ill patients as well as the essentially non-dischargeable
      elderly. In addition, they must provide for young adults with a new profile of
      difficult behavior and challenging demands. This article is an attempt to
      redefine the role of the state institution in what has become the new era of
      community care, and to suggest fruitful new directions for the future which
      incorporate a contemporary shift in focus: from the concept of illness to that of
      disability, and from a reliance on a facility or specific program to the
      development of a comprehensive and integrated system of treatment and support
      services.

PMID- 3842524
TI  - [Interval from the electrocardiogram R wave to the peak of the first lead of the
      apexcardiogram: correlations with the echocardiogram].

PMID- 3842525
TI  - [Total right branch block associated with left anterior hemiblock].

PMID- 3842526
TI  - [Personal experience in the pathology of the pancreas using computed tomography].

PMID- 3842527
TI  - [Incidence of acute gastroduodenal lesions in patients with intracranial lesions.
      Prophylactic value of treatment with ranitidine].

PMID- 3842528
TI  - [Bacteriological diagnosis in the patient with a bladder probe].

PMID- 3842529
TI  - [Medical residency in infectology: 16 years later].

PMID- 3842530
TI  - [Fever: its significance in bacterial meningitis].

PMID- 3842531
TI  - [Scintigraphy with gallium 67 in the diagnosis of cancer of the lung].

PMID- 3842532
TI  - [Correlation between autopsies and death certificates].

PMID- 3842533
TI  - [Cholestyramine in the treatment of severe diarrhea and diarrhea of the diabetic
      patient].

PMID- 3842534
TI  - [Statistics of diabetic patients hospitalized in Cordoba Hospital].

PMID- 3842535
TI  - [A simple method for measuring the thickness of cutaneous melanomas].

PMID- 3842536
TI  - [Maxillofacial hydatidosis].

PMID- 3842537
TI  - [Hydatidosis and cancer of the breast. Report of a case of uncommon association].

PMID- 3842538
TI  - [Chronic ulcerations of the small intestine. Report of a case].

PMID- 3842539
TI  - [Pre-eclampsia--detachment of the normal placenta and retinal detachment].

PMID- 3842540
TI  - [Pyramidal and extrapyramidal motor systems. Physiology and physiopathology].

PMID- 3842541
TI  - [Evaluation of methods for the study of gastroesophageal reflux].

PMID- 3842542
TI  - The Massachusetts Blood Pressure Study, Part 1. Elevated levels of sodium in
      drinking water and blood pressure levels in children.
AB  - Continuing epidemiologic studies at the University of Massachusetts have examined
      the hypothesis that elevated levels of sodium (Na) in drinking water contribute
      to elevations of blood pressure (BP). Comparing tenth graders from a town with
      107 mg Na/L in the drinking water to those from a town with 8 mg Na/L revealed
      statistically significant and medically important higher BP distributions among
      the high Na town students relative to their low Na town peers for both systolic
      and diastolic BP in both boys and girls. The differences were upheld when
      potentially confounding factors, including dietary Na intake and other water
      factors occurring differentially in the two water supplies, were controlled in
      the analysis. A replication study among third graders in the same communities
      showed similar results.

PMID- 3842543
TI  - The Massachusetts Blood Pressure Study, Part 2. Modestly elevated levels of
      sodium in drinking water and blood pressure levels in high school students.
AB  - The blood pressure (BP) of tenth grade students from a town with 42 mg Na/L in
      drinking water was compared to that of comparable tenth grade students in a
      geographically contiguous community with 6 mg Na/L. No statistically significant
      difference occurred in mean BP between the two communities for males and females
      for diastolic BP and male systolic BP. However, the low sodium community females
      displayed a significantly higher BP (p less than 0.05) of 1.6 mmHg. Analysis of
      covariance for potentially confounding variables did not significantly alter the
      initial findings. In summary, an average of 36 mg Na/L higher Na levels in the
      drinking water was not associated with an increase in BP levels in tenth grade
      students.

PMID- 3842544
TI  - The Massachusetts Blood Pressure Study, Part 3. Experimental reduction of sodium
      in drinking water: effects on blood pressure.
AB  - An experimental bottled water study assessed the effect on blood pressure of
      lowering Na concentration in the water of some of the high sodium community
      fourth graders. For three months, trios of children matched by sex, school, and
      baseline BP each used different water for all cooking and drinking purposes, with
      BP monitored bi-weekly. Pupils were randomly allocated to the three water
      conditions: high sodium water bottled from their own community distribution
      system, low sodium water bottled from the distribution system of the comparison
      community with sodium added to the level of the high sodium community water and
      low sodium water bottled from the distribution system of the low sodium community
      but with no sodium added. The results indicate that BP levels among the girls but
      not boys on the low sodium water exhibited marked decreases in BP over the test
      period when compared to the other two groups.

PMID- 3842545
TI  - The Massachusetts Blood Pressure Study, Part 4. Modest sodium supplementation and
      blood pressure change in boarding school girls.
AB  - Based upon the results of the earlier work, a sodium supplement study was
      designed and carried out at a private boarding school. Two hundred and sixteen
      9th-12th grade girls were randomly assigned to one of three groups while
      continuing to eat their regular meals at the dining commons. All participating
      students took two capsules, under supervision, both mid-morning and subsequent to
      the evening meal. One group received placebos at both times, one group received 2
      G of salt in the morning and a placebo in the evening, and the final group
      received a placebo in the morning and 2 G of salt in the evening. One week of
      baseline data and eight weeks of follow-up data were collected twice weekly for
      BP, pulse, 24-hour urine specimen, and stress of daily events. Repeated measures
      analysis of variance failed to detect a significant difference in change in
      systolic and diastolic BP between groups. Extensive analysis of other variables
      did not uncover any negative confounding or interaction. Drop out rates were very
      low and compliance rates very high. The urinalysis clearly demonstrated that the
      Na excretion in the two supplement groups was similar and significantly elevated
      over the placebo group, thus documenting the high Na supplement compliance rates.

PMID- 3842547
TI  - Sodium bisulfite protects against radiogenic and chemically induced
      transformation in hamster embryo and mouse C3H/10T-1/2 cells.
AB  - Pretreatment of hamster embryo cells or mouse C3H/10T-1/2 cells with sodium
      bisulfite (0.5, 2.5, 5.0 and 100 ppm) inhibits the oncogenic transformation of
      the cells following their exposure to x-rays or benzo(a)pyrene. The results
      suggest that low doses of bisulfite, a widely used food additive, can serve as a
      radioprotective and chemopreventive agent with anticarcinogenic potential.

PMID- 3842546
TI  - Elution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from carbon blacks into biomembranes
      in vitro.
AB  - Elution of endogenous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from four carbon
      blacks into biomembranes was investigated in vitro. Membrane systems employed
      were phospholipid vesicles composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC),
      rat lung homogenate, and simulated lung surfactant. Amounts of benzo[a]-pyrene
      which were eluted from carbon blacks were not dependent on the type of membrane,
      but elution was dependent on the type of carbon black. Elution of B[a]P was
      detected from only 2 of the carbon blacks and amounts eluted represented only
      0.2% to 0.6% of total B[a]P associated with those carbon blacks. The largest
      amount of B[a]P was eluted from the carbon black with lowest surface area and
      highest endogenous B[a]P content. Benzo[ghi]perylene also was eluted from carbon
      blacks though amounts eluted again represented extremely small fractions (0.1
      0.2%) of the total on the particles. From these experiments, it appears that only
      very small quantities of B[a]P and other PAH on carbon blacks are bioavailable.

PMID- 3842548
TI  - Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency does not pose an
      increased risk for black Americans exposed to oxidant gases in the workplace or
      general environment.

PMID- 3842549
TI  - Characterization of thymidine kinase in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells.
AB  - Thymidine kinase (TK) was isolated from four different cell lines (TK +/+ P4, TK
      +/- P4.3.4, TK +/- 3.7.2C, and TK -/- P4.3) that represent the genotypes of
      L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. TK isolated from each of the different cell lines
      was characterized with respect to the estimated isoelectric point (pI),
      temperature sensitivity, estimated substrate dissociation constants (Km),
      estimated inhibitor constant (Ki), and response to the activator deoxycytidine
      diphosphate. The characteristics of TK from the different cell lines were
      compared to determine whether the product of the TK gene was changed by the
      mutation that produced the TK -/- genotype and reverse mutation to the TK +/-
      genotype. The results indicate that the TK enzymes isolated from the TK +/+ P4,
      TK +/- P4.3.4, and TK +/- 3.7.2C cells have similar, if not the same,
      characteristics. The small amounts of TK associated with TK -/- P4.3 and the
      mitochondria from TK +/+ P4 had similar characteristics, and both were different
      in many respects from the TK associated with the TK +/+ P4, TK +/- P4.3.4, and TK
      +/- 3.7.2C. These results raise a question about whether a structural gene is the
      target for chemical mutagens in the L5178Y TK +/- assay; however, this can only
      be answered by the isolation of the TK gene from each of the L5178Y genotypes and
      determination of the nucleotide sequence.

PMID- 3842550
TI  - Health implications of a 5 mm Hg increase in blood pressure.
AB  - The health implications of a mean increase in blood pressure on the order of 5 mm
      Hg among young persons are explored primarily from a public health point of view.
      After an overview of the epidemiologic behavior of human blood pressure is
      provided, the phenomenon of "tracking" of blood pressure is examined as is the
      possible relationship between the rate of blood pressure change over time and the
      initial value. In the last part of the paper, the community benefits of lowering
      the average blood pressure 5 mm Hg (in terms of number of heart attacks
      prevented) are estimated under several simplifying assumptions.

PMID- 3842551
TI  - Influence of age on the biochemical response of rat lung to ozone exposure.
AB  - We have previously examined the influence of animal age on the pulmonary response
      to ozone (O3) in rats between 7 and 90 days of age (Elsayed et al., 1982a). In
      the present study, we expanded the age groups of rats, and examined in greater
      detail the relationship between animal age and pulmonary response to inhaled O3.
      We exposed 7 groups of specific pathogen free, male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 24,
      30, 45, 60, 90, 180, and 365 days, to 0.8 ppm (1568 micrograms/m3) O3
      continuously for 3 days. After O3 exposure, we sacrificed the exposed rats and a
      matched number of controls from each age group, and analyzed their lungs for a
      series of physical and biochemical parameters, including glutathione metabolizing
      and NADPH producing enzyme activities. We observed that in control rats all the
      parameters increased as a function of age. However, the rate of increase was
      generally slower after age 60 days. After O3 exposure there was an increase in
      all the parameters for all age groups relative to their corresponding controls,
      but the extent of increase was significantly larger in rats 60 days and older
      than in younger rats. A regression of the difference in mean values between
      control and exposed animals for each parameter against age showed a linear
      correlation, indicating that the response was age-dependent. Since the magnitude
      of such increases is thought to reflect the degree of lung injury, the results
      suggest that O3 exposure causes greater lung injury in older rats than in younger
      rats. We tested this assumption by exposing rats from four different age groups
      (24, 45, 60 and 90 days) to a lethal dose of O3 (4 ppm or 7840 micrograms/m3 for
      8 hours). The mortality rates were 50% and 83% for 24 and 45 day old rats,
      respectively, and 100% for 60 and 90 day old rats. The results of these studies
      further demonstrate that older rats are more susceptible to lung injury from O3
      than younger rats.

PMID- 3842552
TI  - Hydrocarbon nephropathy in male rats: identification of the nephrotoxic
      components of unleaded gasoline.
AB  - Previous subchronic and/or chronic inhalation studies of unleaded gasoline and a
      variety of petroleum naphthas, solvents, and distillates have shown that these
      complex materials are capable of inducing a distinctive nephropathy which appears
      limited to male rats. Therefore a series of gavage screening studies using male F
      344 rats was conducted on components of gasoline to more clearly identify the
      major contributors to this nephrotoxicity. The dosing regimen consisted of 20
      doses administered once daily, 5 days per wk for 4 wk. Tested were 15 pure
      hydrocarbon compounds typically found in unleaded gasoline boiling range, 4
      naphtha streams representative of those commonly used to blend gasolines and 3
      distillation fractions covering the less volatile portions of gasoline. The
      results revealed that the alkane (paraffin) components were primarily responsible
      for the nephrotoxic activity seen in unleaded gasoline, with a positive structure
      activity response relating the degree of alkane branching to the potency of the
      nephrotoxic response. In addition, the nephrotoxic activity observed with the
      naphtha streams and distillation fraction correlated well with the proportion of
      branched alkanes contained in each.

PMID- 3842553
TI  - [Endoscopic polypectomy of the colon in children].
AB  - Colon Polyps constitute are one of the most frequent causes of rectal bleeding in
      infancy. The advent of endoscopic polypectomy through colonoscopy has resulted
      very useful in their treatment. From 1979 to 1984, 73 polypectomies were
      performed in 64 patients with colonic polyps, between 2 and 14 years old, 26
      girls and 38 boys. 103 polyps were resected, 71 pedunculated and 32 sessiles. The
      most frequent location was the recto-sigmoid (85.6%), with 14.4% situated above
      it. 55.7% of the removed polyps were more than 1 cm., juvenile histologic type
      predominating (90%). No complication was observed either during or after this
      procedure. It is demonstrated that, endoscopic polypectomy in children is a safe,
      simple and effective method which avoids complications that may or surgery might
      produce.

PMID- 3842554
TI  - [Results and prognostic factors in the treatment of chronic active hepatitis with
      prednisone and azathioprine].
AB  - Fifty-two patients with active chronic hepatitis (A.C.H.) were treated with
      prednisone and azathioprine simultaneously. Seventy-three per cent of the
      patients were cured. Healing was obtained in 94% of the patients who did not
      reveal necrotic bridging prior to treatment, while only 43% of the patients who
      had this sign was cured. Eighty-one per cent of the cases with no A- no B active
      chronic hepatitis was cured, while only in 66% of patients with B A.C.H.
      remission was obtained. All the Non A- Non B A.C.H. patients who recovered did so
      in less than 3 years, while only 40% of the B + A.C.H. patients obtained complete
      remission in the same period of time. The remaining 60% of the B + A.C.H. group
      recovered in a period ranging from 3 to 12 years. In the B + A.C.H. group 75%
      patients of the male sex were cured, while only 33% of the females recovered.
      Active cirrhosis was seen in 7.6% of cases. All of them were B+. Mortality rate
      was 3.8 and only the B + group was affected. In conclusion it must be remarked
      that the presence of necrotic bridging, virus B and female sex were the factors
      that revealed the worst prognosis as response of A.C.H. to the combined treatment
      of prednisone and azathioprine.

PMID- 3842555
TI  - [Bacterial gastroduodenitis and peptic ulcer: causal or chance relationship].

PMID- 3842556
TI  - Peripheral neuroblastic tumors and congenital heart disease. Possible role of
      hypoxic states in tumor induction.
AB  - Peripheral neuroblastic tumors (PNT), including neuroblastomas,
      pheochromocytomas, ganglioneuromas, and paragangliomas, have been reported in
      association with congenital heart disease (CHD). If a significant correlation
      between PNT and CHD could be demonstrated, it would suggest that peripheral
      neuroblastic tumors might represent reactive, secondary phenomena rather than
      independent or incidental events. We examined this question by reviewing the
      autopsy files of The Johns Hopkins Hospital and found that the frequency of
      congenital cardiovascular problems among patients with PNT was significantly
      greater than the frequency of CHD in the general autopsy population (p less than
      0.001). There was no correlation between CHD and central neuroblastic tumors
      (CNT), i.e., medulloblastomas, retinoblastomas, or pinealoblastomas, or between
      CHD and metastatic malignant melanoma. We examined the hypothesis that
      erythropoietic activity, as might be stimulated by hypoxia, was correlated with
      the presence of peripheral neuroblastic tumors. We found that most (87%) cardiac
      malformations associated with PNT produced cyanosis, and histologic assessment of
      hematopoiesis revealed greater activity in patients with PNT (with or without
      CHD) compared to those with CNT (p less than 0.05) or malignant melanoma (p less
      than 0.05). In addition, patients with PNT and CHD had higher frequencies of
      extramedullary hematopoiesis compared to age-matched controls with similar
      congenital heart defects (p less than 0.05), and compared to patients with CNT or
      metastatic malignant melanoma (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that
      peripheral neuroblastic tumors may arise in a setting of chronic hypoxia produced
      by congenital heart disease.

PMID- 3842557
TI  - High-dose cyclophosphamide and intermediate-dose methotrexate for the treatment
      of far-advanced Burkitt's lymphoma.
AB  - Ten consecutive patients were entered on a pilot study--for the treatment of
      children with far-advanced Burkitt's lymphoma--which was conducted at the Roswell
      Park Memorial Institute (R.P.M.I.) and the University of Rochester Medical Center
      (U. of R.). With the use of high-dose cyclophosphamide (HDC), intermediate-dose
      methotrexate (IDM), vincristine (VCR), prednisone (PRED), and intrathecal (IT)
      chemotherapy, nine of these 10 children achieved a complete remission (CR), and
      six of these nine children have remained in CR for more than 3 years and are
      likely cured of their disease. This regimen had significant, but generally
      manageable, toxicity. A single patient with ataxia-telangiectasia died during
      induction therapy of pneumonia and a gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A single
      patient with severe hemorrhagic cystitis required the substitution of cytosine
      arabinoside for cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) in the regimen. One of five children
      presenting with bone marrow involvement survives. Such involvement appears to
      place patients at greater risk for developing meningeal disease. Attempts at more
      aggressive methods of central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis should be employed
      in this group of patients.

PMID- 3842558
TI  - Obstacles in the prevention of psychological sequelae in survivors of childhood
      cancer.
AB  - This article reviews some of the elements of surviving childhood cancer. It is
      evident that there are psychological, social, and neuropsychological sequelae of
      surviving cancer; and therefore there is a need for prevention of psychological
      sequelae in survivors of childhood cancer. This article outlines four obstacles
      to their prevention--the lack of adequate research, the distribution of
      resources, professional attitudes, and the "Damocles syndrome" perspective--and
      suggests some means by which these obstacles may be overcome.

PMID- 3842559
TI  - Primary intracranial immunoblastic lymphoma in infancy.
AB  - Primary intracranial lymphoma is uncommon in any age group, but it is especially
      rare in childhood. This report describes a previously healthy, 14-month-old
      female infant who developed a primary intracranial immunoblastic (probable B
      cell) lymphoma which remained confined to the central nervous system until the
      time of death, 23 months after diagnosis. She appears to be the youngest patient
      with documentation of such a diagnosis by light and electron microscopy and by
      histochemical and immunoperoxidase studies. An immunological investigation was
      negative. Significant maternal and paternal family histories of malignancy
      suggest that a genetic predisposition, combined with postzygotic events such as
      viral infection, may be responsible for this familial cluster of tumors, and for
      this patient's unusual presentation.

PMID- 3842560
TI  - Cytologic diagnosis of the acute nonlymphoid leukemias. II. Flow cytometry,
      surface markers, cytogenetics, and use of cell culture techniques.
AB  - Part I of this two-part article discussed the use of morphologic, histochemical,
      and ultrastructural studies for the diagnosis and classification of ANLL variants
      of acute nonlymphoid leukemia. However, a small proportion of acute leukemias are
      not amenable to definition by these techniques and have, in the past, been
      classified as acute undifferentiated leukemias. The use of supplemental
      techniques such as flow cytometry, surface marker analysis, cytogenetics, and in
      vitro growth patterns will often identify the correct cellular lineage for these
      cases.

PMID- 3842561
TI  - Care of the young hemophiliac. New socioeconomic demands and the changing patient
      physician relationship.
AB  - Over the past two decades, greater knowledge about hemophilia and vastly improved
      treatment have led to a veritable revolution in the care of this crippling
      disease. In prospect is an era in which both short- and long-term sequelae may be
      avoided altogether. Much of the progress has been effected through novel methods
      of care delivery in which the relationship of the physician and his patient
      begins to resemble more a partnership between equals than the traditional
      dependency of the chronically handicapped on his doctor. Yet with, and because
      of, these changes ethical and legal aspects are inevitably introduced, some of
      which are discussed in the article. These deal with issues of public policy,
      distributive justice, avoidance of harm, risk imposition and risk-taking,
      confidentiality, and paternalism. When applicable, the discussion surrounds a
      prototypical case which illustrates the real dilemmas which treaters and patients
      may have experienced or may encounter. Following each issue is a discussion
      intended to show how the ethical and legal dimensions may be analyzed in a way
      which allows certain justifiable decisions. These analyses are themselves based
      upon ethical premises which are commonly accepted, legal precedent, or both.
      While some of these considerations are relevant to the older hemophiliac as well,
      most deal with topics affecting those most likely to benefit from the advances
      and to contend with the challenges of this new era of hemophilia care: the young
      hemophiliac and his physician.

PMID- 3842562
TI  - Emergence of pediatric hematology/oncology as an independent specialty.
AB  - The slow emergence of pediatric hematology as a recognized specialty was due to
      the fact that blood diseases were of relatively little concern to early
      pediatricians. Infectious and nutritional disorders were far more urgent
      problems. However, in the early 1940s it became apparent to some that pediatric
      hematology was acquiring a well-defined body of knowledge which would qualify it
      as being a discrete discipline of medical science. But in order to win
      independent status in the academic and political arenas, acquisition of other
      credentials and additional achievements were needed. These academic-political
      needs included the organization of training programs, establishment of a
      certifying examination, publication of a specialty journal, and the founding of a
      professional society. These achievements were accomplished by the foresight,
      cooperation, and hard work of many people. Yet there are many unsatisfied needs
      that remain.

PMID- 3842563
TI  - Acquired inhibitor to contact activation in an 18-month-old female.

PMID- 3842564
TI  - Leukoerythroblastosis in Kawasaki disease.

PMID- 3842565
TI  - Type IV congenital dyserythropoietic anemia with an unusual response to
      splenectomy.

PMID- 3842566
TI  - An unusual circulating anticoagulant in an asymptomatic child.

PMID- 3842567
TI  - A variant translocation between chromosomes 4 and 11, t(4q;11p) in a child with
      acute leukemia.

PMID- 3842568
TI  - The adaptative function of MSH, brain potentials and selective attention in man.

PMID- 3842569
TI  - Neuroendocrine control of lactation.

PMID- 3842570
TI  - Neurology of neuroendocrinological disturbances.

PMID- 3842571
TI  - Malleable surgical instruments used for transsphenoidal hypophysectomy.

PMID- 3842573
TI  - Combined supra and infrasellar approach for the treatment of large hypophyseal
      tumors.

PMID- 3842572
TI  - Prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of hypophyseal adenomas.

PMID- 3842575
TI  - Radiological diagnosis of hypophyseal pathology.

PMID- 3842574
TI  - Prevalence of hypergonadotropism in hypophyseal adenomas considered
      "nonfunctioning".

PMID- 3842576
TI  - Fertilization and the cytoskeleton in the mouse.

PMID- 3842577
TI  - The limits of molecular biology.

PMID- 3842578
TI  - What are the causes of morphogenesis?

PMID- 3842579
TI  - The origins of molecular genetics: one gene, one enzyme.

PMID- 3842580
TI  - The role of the International Union of Biochemistry (IUB).

PMID- 3842581
TI  - Rates of molecular evolution: the hominoid slowdown.

PMID- 3842582
TI  - The uptake and accumulation of proteins by the cell nucleus.

PMID- 3842583
TI  - Non-enzymatic modification of proteins by steroids: pathological implications for
      autoimmunity and glucocorticoid toxicity.

PMID- 3842584
TI  - The linkage of actin to non-erythroid membranes.

PMID- 3842585
TI  - Gene amplification in multidrug-resistant cells: molecular and karyotypic events.

PMID- 3842586
TI  - A biochemical pathway for a cellular behaviour: pHi, phosphorylcreatine shuttles,
      and sperm motility.

PMID- 3842587
TI  - Gene analysis and its role in predicting susceptibility to disease.

PMID- 3842588
TI  - The molecular genetics of collagen.

PMID- 3842589
TI  - Histones in perspective.

PMID- 3842590
TI  - Short odds for malaria vaccines.

PMID- 3842591
TI  - Biosensors: current applications and future potential.

PMID- 3842592
TI  - Parasites?

PMID- 3842593
TI  - Analysis of development and differentiation with tumour cell glycoproteins.

PMID- 3842594
TI  - The pineal family of aromatic amine N-acetyltransferases.

PMID- 3842595
TI  - Activated intermediates: the unexpected may sometimes carry a message.

PMID- 3842596
TI  - The AMBIS beta scanning system.

PMID- 3842597
TI  - What future for tropical disease research?

PMID- 3842598
TI  - BUdR, probability and cell variants: towards a molecular understanding of the
      decision to differentiate.

PMID- 3842599
TI  - Long-distance signal transfer in transcriptionally active chromatin--how does it
      occur?

PMID- 3842600
TI  - A case for human tumor-suppressor genes.

PMID- 3842601
TI  - Synthetic metalloporphyrins: a class of compounds of pharmacological interest.

PMID- 3842602
TI  - Transcriptional regulation of mammalian ribosomal RNA genes.

PMID- 3842603
TI  - Molecular karyotypes: separating chromosomes on gels.

PMID- 3842604
TI  - An amperometric glucose sensor made by modification of a graphite electrode
      surface with immobilized glucose oxidase and adsorbed mediator.
AB  - A membrane-free glucose sensor was made by covalent immobilization of glucose
      oxidase on graphite followed by adsorption of N-methyl-phenazinium ion (PMS+).
      The mediator was found to be necessary for the electron transfer between the
      enzyme and the electrode. beta-D-glucose was determined amperometrically at an
      applied potential of +50 mV vs SCE. The current was independent of the rotational
      speed which indicates a kinetically controlled response. The response was
      strictly linear from the detection limit, 0.5, to 150 microM and usable up to
      about 2 mM beta-D-glucose. The immobilized enzyme was stable over several months
      but the mediator had to be renewed daily.

PMID- 3842605
TI  - Acute appendicitis in the over-sixty age group.
AB  - 58 (37 per cent) of the 155 patients over the age of 60 years presenting with
      appendicitis at East Birmingham Hospital from 1970 to 1982 were found to have
      perforated appendices; the corresponding proportion under the age of 60 was 346
      out of 3608 patients (10 per cent), the difference being statistically
      significant (P less than 0.001). The delay before surgery and the length of in
      patient treatment were significantly longer in the group who perforated, and the
      mortality was greater, although not achieving significance. Examination of the
      yearly incidence reveals neither an increasing trend of appendicitis in elderly
      patients, nor an increase in the perforation rate over the period studied. Delay,
      at all stages, appears to be the major factor responsible for the higher rate of
      perforation in this age group; only by an increased awareness of appendicitis in
      the elderly can this risk be minimized.

PMID- 3842606
TI  - [The present state of obstetrical analgesia in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 3842607
TI  - Routine pertussis immunization.
AB  - The benefits and risks of both the vaccine for pertussis and the disease itself
      are reviewed in this article. Unlike with the smallpox vaccine, it seems unlikely
      that a vaccine will be developed to eradicate pertussis completely, since most
      confer only a short-term immunity. A longitudinal study was undertaken to compare
      the mortality and morbidity rates of pertussis with the adverse reaction rate of
      the vaccination program. Risks of the vaccination, such as erythema, drowsiness,
      and vomiting are well known. However, the issue of neurologic difficulties has
      surfaced and disagreement exists. Some association does seem to exist between the
      vaccine and neurologic problems; however, the morbidity and mortality of whooping
      cough is of a greater health consequence than these rare neurologic reactions.

PMID- 3842608
TI  - Influence of frequency of anthelmintic treatment on the growth rate of Australian
      Friesian Sahiwal heifers.
AB  - A group of 42 Australian Friesian Sahiwal heifers was divided into 3 groups. Two
      groups received levamisole at different frequencies; once every 3 months or once
      per month at the rate of 4.45 mg of the phosphate base/kg; while the third group
      was untreated. Treatments were applied between 9 and 23 weeks of age, after
      weaning. A fourth group of 7 Friesian calves of equivalent age were initially not
      treated and were used as a comparison with the Australian Friesian Sahiwal
      control group. Bodyweights of cattle and faecal egg counts were measured every 2
      weeks and larval cultures were performed on samples with high egg counts. A
      significant (P less than 0.05) increase in weight gain was recorded in the
      Australian Friesian Sahiwal heifers treated once per month compared with once
      every 3 months and the untreated group. The group of Friesian calves had to be
      treated after 7 weeks due to weight loss and poor body condition.

PMID- 3842609
TI  - Sagittal radiographic measurements of the cervical and lumbar vertebrae in normal
      adults.
AB  - Lateral radiographs of 157 healthy adult males have been measured to obtain
      geometrical dimensions of cervical and lumbar vertebrae. Measurements were based
      on five bony landmarks which can be easily defined in radiographs. The
      measurements enable the determination of 11 dimensions that are used for
      anthropometric evaluations of the human vertebrae. We found the cervical
      vertebrae increasing slightly in width from C3 to C7, while the width of the
      lumbar vertebrae remained almost constant. The width and height of lumbar
      vertebrae were approximately twice those of the cervical ones.

PMID- 3842610
TI  - Acro-osteolysis following snake and scorpion envenomation.
AB  - Three cases of acro-osteolysis are described following snake bite and three after
      scorpion stings. This effect is consistent with tissue necrosis secondary to the
      enzymatic actions of the venom.

PMID- 3842611
TI  - Plasma histamine levels following administration of radiographic contrast media.
AB  - The effect of two conventional high-osmolality and two new low-osmolality
      contrast media on plasma histamine levels has been examined. The study population
      included 25 patients undergoing intravenous urography with Urovison 58% (sodium
      and meglumine diatrizoate), 24 patients receiving intravenous Hexabrix 320
      (sodium and meglumine ioxaglate) for urography, 16 patients receiving intravenous
      Iopamiro 370 (iopamidol) for urography and 12 patients receiving Urografin 76%
      (sodium and meglumine diatrizoate) for coronary angiography. Seventy-four percent
      of the 77 patients studied suffered adverse reactions ranging from a feeling of
      warmth and nausea to laryngeal oedema and bronchospasm. Hexabrix 320 and Iopamiro
      370 were associated with the least patient discomfort. All contrast agents
      usually produced a rise in plasma histamine following injection (Iopamiro 370
      causing the least change) and the histamine levels then fell towards preinjection
      values over a space of about 10 minutes. No relationship was observed between the
      magnitude of the increase in histamine and the severity of the reaction that
      occurred. However, a relationship was suggested between the mean peak plasma
      histamine level achieved and the occurrence of a Grade II reaction (i.e., dry
      retching/vomiting, mild urticaria or rash). These findings raise the probability
      that histamine contributes to the more severe grades of reaction to radiographic
      contrast media.

PMID- 3842612
TI  - An evaluation of the Meditech M250 and a comparison with other CT scanners.
AB  - The Meditech M250 computerised tomography (CT) machine was evaluated during the
      first half of 1984. Measurements were made of noise, modulation transfer
      function, slice width, radiation dose profile, uniformity and linearity of CT
      number, effective photon energy and parameters relating to machine specification,
      such as pixel size and scan time. All breakdowns were logged to indicate machine
      reliability. A comparison with the established EMI CT1010 and CT5005 was made for
      noise, resolution and multislice radiation dose, as well as the dose efficiency
      or quality (Q) factor for both head and body modes of operation. The M250 was
      found to perform to its intended specification with an acceptable level of
      reliability.

PMID- 3842613
TI  - Assessment of the Meditech Euroscanner for clinical use.
AB  - In April 1983, Prototype I of the Meditech Whole Body CT Scanner (Euroscanner)
      was installed at Frenchay Hospital as part of a Department of Health and Social
      Security (DHSS) trial to assess its function and reliability. After a few months
      usage, several modifications were made to the machine. The official trial
      therefore commenced on Prototype II in the middle of January 1984 and lasted
      until the end of July 1984. During that time a planned changeover took place in
      the Neuroradiological Department, with the replacement of a ten-year-old EMI 1010
      head scanner by an IGE 8800. This meant that from the beginning of May until the
      end of July, the Meditech Scanner was the only available CT scanner in a busy
      Regional Department with District Hospital commitments as well. This paper
      provides a summary of the clinical experiences resulting from the use of the
      machine, and is a rider to that in which Greensmith et al (1985) describe the
      physical properties of the machine.

PMID- 3842614
TI  - The use of an image processing system in radiotherapy simulation.
AB  - Image quality produced in radiotherapy simulation is often so poor in certain
      anatomical sites (e.g. the pelvis) that it can adversely affect clinical
      judgement with regard to treatment set-up. In treatment planning both the field
      arrangement and the availability of accurate anatomical information are
      important, and should ideally be provided at the time of simulation by methods
      based on the principle of computerised tomography. In this work an image
      processing system has been used as a link between the video output from the
      simulator and the treatment planning computer in order to implement a CT facility
      on the simulator, as well as allowing real-time image enhancement to be
      investigated as a method of improving picture quality. This approach also enables
      a new method of simulation to be considered which reduces patient dose and
      prolongs the useful working life of the X-ray tube.

PMID- 3842615
TI  - Metastatic carcinoma from unknown primary site: the experience of a large
      oncology centre.
AB  - The case records of patients presenting with metastases from an unknown primary
      cancer (MUP) have been reviewed. Important prognostic variables were performance
      status and the presence of disease in more than one system. Patients of poor
      performance status and disease in multiple organs had a median survival of one
      month and 87% were dead within three months. Those patients of good performance
      status and disease apparent in only one organ had a median survival of seven
      months. Patients with carcinoma confined to lymph nodes in the high cervical
      region who received treatment with radiotherapy had 3- and 5-year survival rates
      of 26% and 17% respectively.

PMID- 3842616
TI  - Repair in mouse lung of multifraction X rays and neutrons: extension to 40
      fractions.
AB  - We have extended our previous multiple irradiations of mouse lung from 20 to 40
      fractions of both X-ray and neutron radiation in order to test whether the repair
      parameters previously derived will hold for lower doses per fraction, down to 1.1
      Gy of X rays and 0.18 Gy of 3 MeV neutrons per fraction. Repair parameters were
      calculated from measurements of breathing rate and lethality at monthly intervals
      up to 17 months after irradiation with 1, 10, 20 or 40 equal fractions. Sparing
      of neutron damage was negligible when the neutron dose was divided into multiple
      fractions, but progressively greater repair of lung damage was seen after
      increasing numbers of X-ray fractions. A significant increase in the iso-effect
      dose for 40 fractions of X rays was found compared with 20 fractions, even when
      two fractions per day were given at intervals of about 6 hours, as was the case
      in the 40 fraction experiment. The data were well fitted by the linear quadratic
      formula for response vs. dose per fraction and the ratio alpha/beta yielded
      values of approximately 3 Gy after X rays and 30 to 40 Gy after neutron
      irradiation; these values are not different from alpha/beta ratios found for up
      to 20 fractions. The single dose RBE was less than 2, increasing to about 6 at
      the lowest dose per fraction measured, in agreement with previous results. The
      ratio of the alpha component for neutrons to that for X rays was about 8, which
      is therefore the limiting RBE predicted for infinitely small doses per fraction.

PMID- 3842617
TI  - Congenital contractural arachnodactyly.

PMID- 3842618
TI  - Evaluation of neonatal sacrococcygeal teratoma by DSA and direct sagittal CT.

PMID- 3842619
TI  - Inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery aneurysm presenting in a young woman.

PMID- 3842620
TI  - Portal vein gas following double-contrast barium enema.

PMID- 3842621
TI  - Carcinoma of the oesophagus after radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3842622
TI  - Transverse colon volvulus associated with a vascular and neuronal malformation.

PMID- 3842623
TI  - A cautionary note on the resolution of paraquat lung damage after radiotherapy.
AB  - We have been able to model the lung damage caused by paraquat in our mice and
      have found a dose-related increase in lung damage after PQ. Unfortunately we have
      not found a radiation dose or optimum time for irradiation which shows a
      reduction of the PQ lung damage.

PMID- 3842624
TI  - Large field ionography--preliminary results.

PMID- 3842625
TI  - Lung irradiation for paraquat toxicity.

PMID- 3842626
TI  - The usefulness of a moving grid in mammography.

PMID- 3842627
TI  - Quantitative bone scintigraphy in Paget's disease treated with APD.
AB  - Half-yearly bone scintigrams of 27 patients with Paget's disease, who were
      treated with the bisphosphonate APD, were evaluated. Uptake of 99Tcm-Sn-EHDP was
      determined by computer analysis. All patients reached clinical and biochemical
      remission, usually within 6 months. The scintigraphic uptake dropped steeply
      during the first 6 months and only slightly during the second 6 months. The
      decrease in uptake was proportional to the original uptake and averaged 80% of
      this value. The residual 20% persisted, although clinical and biochemical
      remission were attained. The scintigraphic results obtained with APD agree with
      our earlier findings for patients in remission after treatment with a combination
      of calcitonin and EHDP. Eight patients suffered a recurrence after
      discontinuation of APD. In all cases scintigraphic deterioration also occurred,
      usually simultaneously or 6 months before the recurrence. In two patients with
      scintigraphic deterioration a recurrence could not be confirmed during this
      study. The scintigraphic deterioration presented as one of the three patterns
      seen after combination therapy.

PMID- 3842628
TI  - Comparison of low-osmolar contrast media in cardiac angiography.
AB  - Two hundred and twenty-five patients investigated by left ventricular, coronary
      artery and/or proximal aortic angiography were randomly assigned to one of three
      contrast medium groups (Hexabrix 320, Niopam 300 or Omnipaque 300). Subjective
      response to injection of contrast medium was noted at the time of investigation
      and during the next 24 h. No significant difference was found between the three
      currently available low-osmolar contrast media.

PMID- 3842629
TI  - Scintigraphy and contrast radiography for epiphora.
AB  - During a one-year period 53 patients were referred for the investigation of
      epiphora. All underwent bilateral dacryoscintigraphy. Following the isotope study
      the patients had either bilateral or unilateral macrodacryocystography; a total
      of 66 tear ducts were shown by this procedure. The scintigraphs were more
      sensitive for obstruction (51/66 systems or 77%) than radiography (33/66 systems
      or 51%). Normal dacryoscintigraphy was always associated with duct patency on
      dacryocystography. We have concluded that scintigraphy should always be the first
      investigation and that, if this is normal, radiography is not necessary. The use
      of digital subtraction imaging for the lacrimal passages is discussed. It is
      suggested that this may provide information obtained at present only by combining
      dacryoscintigraphy with conventional contrast radiography.

PMID- 3842630
TI  - A clinical microwave hyperthermia system with multipoint real-time thermal
      dosimetry.
AB  - A clinical hyperthermia system using a 915 MHz microwave generator and
      incorporating multipoint thermocouple thermometry is described. Temperatures can
      be monitored simultaneously at 16 points and measurements displayed on a visual
      display unit and a plotter. The power output of the generator is adjusted under
      computer control to maintain a constant predetermined temperature in a chosen
      control channel. A clinically useful feature of the system is the ability to
      determine the effective cumulative thermal dose delivered to the tissue at points
      monitored in real time. The basis for the thermal dose calculation is discussed
      in detail. The calculated dose parameter is displayed for each of the 16 channels
      during the treatment and updated every 30 s. This real-time display of a thermal
      dose parameter has made possible a more homogeneous heating of tumours.

PMID- 3842631
TI  - Spinal cord compression secondary to Paget's disease of the axis.

PMID- 3842632
TI  - Syrinx formation in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3842633
TI  - Oesophageal ulceration due to doxycycline.

PMID- 3842634
TI  - Small bowel metastases from a Merkel cell tumor.

PMID- 3842635
TI  - Caecal lipomas mimicking colonic angiodysplasia.

PMID- 3842636
TI  - Myelosuppression occurring after receiving tamoxifen for breast cancer.
      International Adjuvant Therapy Organisation.

PMID- 3842637
TI  - Eye dose limits and the use of overcouch and undercouch X-ray image intensifier
      systems.

PMID- 3842638
TI  - Routine monitoring of eye dose.

PMID- 3842639
TI  - Unforeseen variation of electron output with field size following modification of
      linear accelerator treatment head.

PMID- 3842640
TI  - Urachal cancer.

PMID- 3842641
TI  - [Dilated cardiomyopathy: etiopathogenesis].

PMID- 3842642
TI  - [Dilated cardiomyopathy. Clinical and non-invasive instrumental diagnosis].

PMID- 3842643
TI  - [Dilated cardiomyopathy: hemodynamics].

PMID- 3842644
TI  - [Dilated cardiomyopathy: prognosis].

PMID- 3842646
TI  - Regulation of lung water content and distribution: theoretical concepts,
      experimental data and methods of determination.

PMID- 3842645
TI  - [Effects of variations in coronary flow on heart metabolism].

PMID- 3842647
TI  - Elimination of pulmonary wedge pressure errors commonly encountered in the ICU.

PMID- 3842648
TI  - [Hemodynamics of the lesser circulation in systemic arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3842649
TI  - [Processing of cardiovascular imaging: radioisotopic angiography].

PMID- 3842650
TI  - Database management of haemodynamic data.

PMID- 3842651
TI  - [Evaluation of the anti-anginal activity of diltiazem during prolonged
      administration in subjects with exertional angina. Cross-over double-blind study
      in comparison with propranolol].

PMID- 3842652
TI  - Monoclonal antibody patterns in lymphomatoid papulosis.
AB  - Atypical cells resembling Reed-Sternberg cells are a characteristic histologic
      feature of lymphomatoid papulosis. Thus far no consistent data are available on
      the nature of these cells, or a possible antigenic relationship between them and
      Reed-Sternberg cells. Twenty-four biopsy specimens from 14 patients with
      lymphomatoid papulosis were immunolabeled with antibodies against Ki-1 and other
      Reed-Sternberg cell-associated antigens. In all cases a proportion of the large,
      atypical cells expressed the Ki-1 antigen. In contrast, in 20 biopsy specimens of
      benign inflammatory skin lesions or mycosis fungoides, Ki-1-positive cells were
      absent or only occasionally present. Furthermore, the large atypical cells of
      lymphomatoid papulosis also expressed other antigens (for example, T3, T4, HLA
      DR, IL-2 receptors) that have previously been demonstrated on Reed-Sternberg
      cells. Our findings, together with the observation that the Ki-1 antigen can be
      induced on peripheral blood lymphocytes after prolonged phytohemagglutinin
      stimulation, suggest that the Ki-1-positive cells in lymphomatoid papulosis are
      activated T cells closely related to the Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's
      disease.

PMID- 3842653
TI  - Doing something about teenage pregnancy.

PMID- 3842654
TI  - Teenage pregnancy in developed countries: determinants and policy implications.

PMID- 3842655
TI  - The availability of reproductive health services from U.S. private physicians.
AB  - Data on the provision of seven types of reproductive health care were collected
      from private physicians in four specialties: general/family practitioners
      (GP/FPs), general surgeons, obstetrician-gynecologists and urologists. All ob
      gyns, and eight in 10 GP/FPs, provide the pill, IUD or diaphragm. Over nine in 10
      ob-gyns provide infertility and obstetric care and prenatal genetic screening;
      but only one-third or fewer of GP/FPs do so. Ob-gyns and urologists are far more
      likely to perform sterilizations than are GP/FPs and surgeons (nine in 10,
      compared with one-fifth to one-half). Although ob-gyns are the most likely to
      perform abortions, only four in 10 do so. Among ob-gyns who do not perform tubal
      sterilizations or abortions, and among urologists who do not perform vasectomies,
      the primary reason is moral or religious objections (reported by 59-71 percent).
      For GP/FPs and surgeons who do not perform the three procedures, the leading
      reason is that they do not perform surgery or that type of surgery; however, 34
      percent of nonproviders in these specialties report moral or religious opposition
      to abortion. Eight in 10 ob-gyns will provide contraceptives to minors without
      parental consent, but only six in 10 GP/FPs will do so. One-half of doctors who
      perform female sterilizations, and eight in 10 of those who do vasectomies,
      require spousal consent. Among those who perform abortions, half require parental
      consent for minors. Access to private reproductive health care is quite limited
      for the poor, because many physicians will not accept Medicaid reimbursements or
      reduce their fees for low-income patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3842656
TI  - A portrait of American women who obtain abortions.
AB  - In 1981, as in 1980, most abortions in the United States were obtained by young
      women, unmarried women and white women, and were performed in the first eight
      weeks following the last menstrual period (approximately six weeks after
      conception). The proportion of abortions obtained by unmarried women has
      increased slightly, and the fraction obtained by teenagers has decreased, mainly
      because of shifts in the distribution of these groups in the population. The
      percentage of abortions that are repeat procedures has increased, representing
      more than one-third of all abortions. The increase is due largely to the rise in
      the number of women who have had a first abortion, and who are, therefore,
      exposed to the risk of having a second procedure. Eighty-five percent of all
      abortions are performed by vacuum aspiration. Dilatation and evacuation is the
      method used in two-thirds of abortions performed more than 12 weeks past the last
      menstrual period, and in nine out of 10 abortions that are performed between the
      13th and the 15th week. About three percent of women aged 15-44 obtained
      abortions in 1981, and 26 percent of pregnancies were terminated by abortion--the
      same fractions as in 1980. About six percent of 18-19-year-olds had abortions-
      the highest rate of any age-group. The abortion rate (the number of abortions per
      1,000 women aged 15-44) and ratio (the number of abortions per 100 live births
      and abortions) are much higher for unmarried than for married women.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3842657
TI  - An interlocking agenda.

PMID- 3842658
TI  - Recommended low-dose pills.

PMID- 3842659
TI  - The issue of late abortions.

PMID- 3842660
TI  - Can low birth weight be prevented?

PMID- 3842661
TI  - The need for prenatal care in the United States: evidence from the 1980 National
      Natality Survey.
AB  - Seventy-eight percent of U.S. mothers begin prenatal care during the first three
      months of pregnancy; 18 percent wait until the second three months; and five
      percent wait until the third trimester or receive no care at all. Patterns of
      prenatal care vary widely among population subgroups: Mothers younger than 18 and
      unmarried mothers are the least likely to obtain first-trimester care (49 percent
      and 56 percent, respectively), and the most likely to obtain care only in the
      third trimester or none at all (about 12 percent of each group). Women aged 18
      19, blacks, Hispanics, poor women and women with little education also have
      disproportionately high levels of very late or no care (7-9 percent). Married,
      white, nonpoor women, in contrast, obtain the most timely prenatal care: In 1980,
      only two percent initiated care in the third trimester or received no care.
      Compared with this subgroup of women, the population as a whole has two times the
      risk of obtaining inadequate care. Unmarried women run the highest relative risk
      (five times the risk for married, white, nonpoor women), followed by teenagers,
      Hispanic women, women with little education, poor women and blacks (who have from
      three to more than four times the risk of the comparison group).

PMID- 3842662
TI  - Contraceptive use in Canada, 1984.
AB  - Canada's first national fertility survey, carried out by telephone in 1984, found
      that 68 percent of all women aged 18-49-73 percent of currently married women, 69
      percent of the previously married women and 57 percent of single women--are
      practicing contraception. Overall, the most widely used method of birth control
      in Canada is sterilization (male and female), which is relied on by almost 60
      percent of all married users and 66 percent of previously married users. Among
      single women, the preferred method is the pill, chosen by seven out of 10 of such
      users. Among all women, the major determinant of method choice is age: The pill
      is overwhelmingly chosen by women under 25, and sterilization, by those 30 and
      over. While the IUD and the condom are used by roughly 10-14 percent of women in
      their 20s who practice contraception, these methods decline in importance with
      increasing age. Highly educated women are less likely than those with little
      education to elect sterilization, and more likely to rely on barrier methods.
      Differences in contraceptive prevalence and patterns of use between Catholics and
      Protestants have all but disappeared in Canada, but church attendance and country
      of birth appear to exert a modest influence on method choice. As might be
      anticipated, women whose family size is complete have considerably higher levels
      of contraceptive use than those who expect to have more children. The survey
      reveals no difference in contraceptive use between Quebec women and those in the
      rest of Canada, thus confirming both the accuracy of earlier Quebec studies
      showing extremely high levels of sterilization and the applicability of these
      findings to all other Canadian women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3842663
TI  - Induced abortion and fertility.
AB  - Even in countries with high rates of legal induced abortion, contraceptive use
      and marital patterns nearly always have a greater impact on fertility levels than
      does abortion. As a rule, extremely high rates of abortion--three or more
      abortions per woman of childbearing age during the reproductive years--are
      required for the fertility-inhibiting effect of abortion to rival that of
      contraceptive use. Nevertheless, the absolute effect of abortion on fertility
      (defined as the amount by which the current total fertility rate, or TFR, would
      increase if no abortions were performed) is often substantial. In most of the
      countries examined, the TFR would have been from about 20 percent to nearly 90
      percent higher than it actually was (other things being equal) had no induced
      abortions been performed. Among developed countries, the Soviet Union, Japan,
      Eastern European countries, Israel and the United States have the highest total
      legal abortion rates, ranging from one abortion to more than five abortions per
      woman of childbearing age during the reproductive years. Among the developing
      countries for which reliable data are available, South Korea, China, Cuba and
      Singapore have rates of about 1-2 abortions per woman of fertile age. However, a
      number of other countries in Latin America and Asia, for which the data are
      deficient, probably have equally high rates.

PMID- 3842664
TI  - Early childbearing and completion of high school.

PMID- 3842665
TI  - Individual vs. group education in family planning clinics.

PMID- 3842667
TI  - Sex education in Swedish schools: the facts and the fiction.

PMID- 3842668
TI  - Need for prenatal care?

PMID- 3842666
TI  - State laws and the provision of family planning and abortion services in 1985.

PMID- 3842669
TI  - Repeat C-sections: a historical note.

PMID- 3842670
TI  - Parity, pregnancy and the sponge.

PMID- 3842671
TI  - [The incidence of intestinal parasites in schoolchildren in Kragujevac and the
      surrounding region].

PMID- 3842672
TI  - [The significance of immunologic tests in the diagnosis of pollen allergy in
      childhood].

PMID- 3842673
TI  - [Organ-specific antibodies in insulin-dependent diabetes].

PMID- 3842674
TI  - [The etiopathogenesis of ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 3842675
TI  - [Histamine and Hirschsprung disease].

PMID- 3842676
TI  - [The incidence of intestinal parasites in schoolchildren in Dragacevo].

PMID- 3842677
TI  - [The role of histamine in behavior: the effect of histamine on aggression and
      carbachol-induced convulsions].

PMID- 3842678
TI  - [Central mechanisms of vomiting: the effect of histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine,
      noradrenaline, nicotine and morphine].

PMID- 3842679
TI  - [Clinical significance of serum theophylline levels in patients with bronchial
      asthma].

PMID- 3842680
TI  - [Genetic control of the differences in specific hypersensitivity reactions to
      retinal antigens].

PMID- 3842681
TI  - [Laboratory study of immunoglobulins and complement in workers in the flour
      milling-baking industry in Djakovo].

PMID- 3842682
TI  - [Sensitivity to plastic materials].

PMID- 3842683
TI  - [The effect of the type of diabetes,the HLA type and metabolic status on cellular
      immunity in diabetic patients].

PMID- 3842684
TI  - [Adrenal cortex function in hypermetabolic conditions].

PMID- 3842685
TI  - [The incidence of intestinal parasites in schoolchildren in the Pljevalja
      region].

PMID- 3842687
TI  - Embryotoxicity: a challenge to clinical pharmacology.

PMID- 3842686
TI  - [Risk factors in the sensitization of workers in the flour milling-baking
      industry].

PMID- 3842688
TI  - Clinical pharmacology: the end or a new beginning?

PMID- 3842689
TI  - Clinical pharmacology in the GDR: the development and present situation.

PMID- 3842690
TI  - Relationship between renal clearance of drugs and glomerular filtration rate in
      patients with chronic renal insufficiency.

PMID- 3842691
TI  - Critical reflection on the collection and evaluation of adverse drug reaction
      data.

PMID- 3842692
TI  - Clinical significance of serum levels of antibiotics.

PMID- 3842693
TI  - Present and future trends in drug monitoring.
AB  - The concept of drug monitoring is generally accepted for toxic drugs and for some
      particular pathological states. However its basis and its limits are still
      controversial. This paper outlines under which circumstances drug monitoring is
      of absolute necessity. This paper also deals with pharmacokinetics, i.e. the
      measurement of drug concentration as a tool in drug monitoring. Finally it tries
      to forecast future developments in this field using the analysis of receptors,
      found in blood cells, as probes of tissue receptors.

PMID- 3842694
TI  - The influence of the acetylator phenotype for the clinical use of dihydralazine.
AB  - Dihydralazine is a substrate of the human N-acetyltransferase. Therefore the
      acetylator phenotype could influence the pharmacodynamic response of
      dihydralazine and/or side effects of this drug. In this study it could be shown
      that: among patients with dihydralazine incompatibility slow acetylators
      preponderated; the risk of early side effects was higher in females than in
      males; and the ratio of fast/slow acetylators was higher in dihydralazine treated
      patients than in patients treated with other antihypertensives. Dihydralazine
      should be given very cautiously to female hypertonic patients that are slow
      acetylators.

PMID- 3842695
TI  - Plasma pharmacokinetics of adriamycin and antipyrine and its relation to the
      therapeutic and toxic effects.
AB  - After a simultaneous administration of adriamycin and antipyrine to 19 tumor
      patients, the plasma kinetics of both drugs, the therapeutic effect and the
      reaction to white blood cells were determined. Antipyrine was given orally at a
      dose of 875 mg, whereas adriamycin was administered by means of intravenous
      infusion for 20 min at 60 mg/m2. This application was repeated in eight patients
      after three weeks. Nine patients had a normal liver function. In ten patients,
      slight increases were found in individual liver function parameters. All patients
      were free from metastases of the liver and had bilirubin levels within the normal
      range. Antipyrine followed an open one-compartment model, whereas adriamycin
      followed an open two-compartment model. In the mean, t1/2 el and Cl tot of
      antipyrine were found to be 16.1 h and 32.9 ml/min, t1/2 beta and Cl tot of
      adriamycin were 23.1 h and 877 ml/min. For antipyrine and adriamycin, these
      parameters varied interindividually by the factors 2.8 and 3.1, respectively. No
      correlations were found between the liver function parameters, and the kinetic
      elimination parameters and the areas under the curves of both drugs. However,
      significant positive correlations were found to exist between t1/2 el antipyrine
      and t1/2 beta adriamycin and between the areas under the curves of the two drugs.
      A relationship between the AUC adriamycinol/AUC adriamycin ratio (which was 0.52
      in the mean) and the antipyrine elimination rate did not exist. As compared to 12
      persons with no response or progression, the seven patients with partial or
      complete response had a significantly higher AUC and a significantly lower Cl tot
      of adriamycin. As compared to the patients with elimination half-life values of
      less than 20 h, five patients with antipyrine elimination half-life values of
      more than 20 h had a significantly longer adriamycin elimination beta-phase and a
      stronger depressive effect on the white blood cells. The results obtained suggest
      that the antipyrine kinetics in patients with normal or slightly impaired liver
      function is a useful parameter for an assessment of the depression of white blood
      cells and the dose adjustment for adriamycin.

PMID- 3842696
TI  - Low molecular weight immunomodifiers produced by microorganisms.
AB  - Umezawa initiated the study of low molecular weight enzyme inhibitors produced by
      microorganisms and discovered more than 50 inhibitors which had various
      pharmacological activities. An extensive search was begun for inhibitors of
      enzymes on cell surfaces. Bestatin, amastatin, arphamenine, forphenicine,
      ebelactone thus found bound to cells and enhanced immune responses. The immunity
      enhancing effects of bestatin, forphenicinol (a derivative of forphenicine) and
      arphamenine have been studied in detail. The effect of bestatin in suppressing
      relapses and prolonging the survival period of patients were confirmed by
      randomized clinical tests with leukemia, melanoma, etc....

PMID- 3842697
TI  - [Proceedings of the German Dermatologic Society. 34th meeting, Zurich, 20-24
      March 1985].

PMID- 3842698
TI  - [Research--the source of medical progress].

PMID- 3842699
TI  - [Methods of therapeutic immunostimulation].

PMID- 3842700
TI  - [Discovery of Lyme disease spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi)].

PMID- 3842701
TI  - [Attempt at a definition of the concept "eczema"].

PMID- 3842702
TI  - [Hereditary angioedema and androgen therapy].

PMID- 3842703
TI  - [Leukocyte response].

PMID- 3842704
TI  - Carcinogenicities in mice and rats of IQ, MeIQ, and MeIQx.
AB  - The mutagenic heterocyclic amines, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ),
      2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ), and 2-amino-3,8
      dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) are present in broiled fish, fried
      beef, and beef extract. Their carcinogenicities in CDF1 mice and F344 rats were
      tested by their oral administration in the diet. In mice given diet containing
      0.03% IQ, tumors developed in the liver (hepatocellular carcinomas or
      hepatocellular adenomas), forestomach (squamous cell carcinomas or papillomas),
      and lung (adenocarcinomas or adenomas) at high incidences. In mice given diet
      containing 0.04% or 0.01% MeIQ, squamous cell carcinomas and papillomas of the
      forestomach developed at high incidences. About 40% of the squamous cell
      carcinomas induced in the forestomach by 0.04% MeIQ metastasized to the liver.
      Clear dose-response relations were seen in the incidences of tumors in the groups
      given 0.04% and 0.01% MeIQ. The squamous cell carcinoma-papilloma ratios were
      higher in 0.04% groups than in 0.01% groups. Female mice treated with 0.04% and
      0.01% MeIQ showed significantly higher incidences of liver tumors than controls.
      The experiment on the carcinogenicity of MeIQx at a dose of 0.06% in mice is
      still in progress but by experimental week 74, 4 of 16 males and 7 of 18 females
      autopsied were found to have liver tumors. Rats given diet containing 0.03% IQ
      showed high incidences of hepatocellular carcinomas, adenocarcinomas of the small
      and large intestines, and squamous cell carcinomas of the Zymbal gand, clitoral
      gland, and skin. Except for the liver, the target organs of IQ in CDF1 mice and
      F344 rats were different.

PMID- 3842705
TI  - HLA typing in patients of habitual abortion.

PMID- 3842706
TI  - C-reactive protein as a predictor of chorioamnionitis with rupture of membranes.

PMID- 3842707
TI  - Bacterial presence within renal calculi and urinary tract infection.

PMID- 3842708
TI  - Autoimmune reactions in Egyptian children with hepatomegaly.

PMID- 3842709
TI  - Organisms causing tonsillitis with a comparative study of the anti-streptolysin 0
      titre and C-reactive protein before and after tonsillectomy.

PMID- 3842710
TI  - Serum and salivary IgA in mumps.

PMID- 3842712
TI  - Medical education and standards.

PMID- 3842711
TI  - Serologic profiles for cases of acute versus chronic hepatitis.

PMID- 3842713
TI  - Innovations in child health care in Asia.

PMID- 3842714
TI  - The influence of fibrinogen and other plasma proteins on the ESR and plasma
      viscosity.

PMID- 3842716
TI  - Reasons for visiting a hospital-based general medical clinic.

PMID- 3842715
TI  - The effect of long-term deworming on the prevalence of soil-transmitted
      helminthiases in Malaysia.

PMID- 3842717
TI  - The spectrum of liver disease in Penang: a clinical and histological study.

PMID- 3842718
TI  - Spinal analgesia and headache at Penang General Hospital.

PMID- 3842719
TI  - Chronic haemodialysis.

PMID- 3842720
TI  - A study of the prevalence of endemic goitre in an inland Iban community, Sarawak.

PMID- 3842721
TI  - Psychoses associated with thyrotoxicosis: a retrospective study of twenty cases.

PMID- 3842723
TI  - Gaucher's disease type 1A: a case report.

PMID- 3842722
TI  - Giant cavernous hemangioma of the anterior chest wall in a neonate: a case
      report.

PMID- 3842724
TI  - Successful management of a patient with stab injury to the heart: a case report.

PMID- 3842725
TI  - Declining post-mortems: a cause for concern.

PMID- 3842726
TI  - Hysteria in Malaysian children-family dynamics and management.

PMID- 3842727
TI  - Optimum age for measles immunization in Malaysia.

PMID- 3842728
TI  - Tuberculous encephalopathy in Sabah children.

PMID- 3842729
TI  - Health literacy and food beliefs among Ibans, Sarawak.

PMID- 3842730
TI  - Right heart haemodynamics in normal Malaysian subjects.

PMID- 3842731
TI  - Renal trauma: a local experience.

PMID- 3842732
TI  - Whole lung tomography in the early detection and follow-up of lung secondaries
      following hydatidiform mole.

PMID- 3842733
TI  - Intracranial meningiomas: a report of 13 cases.

PMID- 3842734
TI  - Gay men-bowel syndrome: a report of parasitic infection in homosexual patients.

PMID- 3842735
TI  - A case of schizophrenia with the Klippel-Feil syndrome.

PMID- 3842736
TI  - Post traumatic parkinsonian syndrome: a case report.

PMID- 3842737
TI  - Neglected acute post exertional anterior compartment syndrome: a case report.

PMID- 3842738
TI  - [Dipyridamole as an inhibitor of vaccinia virus replication].
AB  - Dipyridamole in concentration of 25 microM inhibited the multiplication of
      vaccinia virus in about 90% of cells. In the presence of this substance, [3H]
      uptake was sharply reduced both in uninfected and infected RK13 cells, while
      [14C]-uptake was not inhibited incorporation of [3H]-thymidine and [14C]-amino
      acids into viral particles. The present findings suggest that the antiviral
      character of dipyridamole is related with the inhibition of the substrate
      transport through the cell membrane.

PMID- 3842739
TI  - [Acetobacter methanolicus--a new organism for genetic studies].
AB  - A new bacterial strain is described belonging to Acetobacter methanolicus
      species. It is of industrial value as a producer of protein and methanol
      products. The strain is acidophile and this feature comprises a conspicuous
      technological advantage. The results of bacteriophage and cell interactions are
      reported. They might be potentially useful for elaboration of the transduction
      technique for the strain. The collection of mutants was obtained including those
      utilizing methanol, having auxotrophic markers as well as streptomycin and
      rifampicin resistances. The transfer of plasmids RSF1010 and R68 to Acetobacter
      methanolicus from other bacteria has been demonstrated.

PMID- 3842740
TI  - [Characteristics of virion formation during mixed infection with influenza
      viruses A and B].
AB  - Simultaneous infection of MDCK cells with influenza A and B viruses at an equal
      multiplicity of infection leads to the synthesis of the proteins of both viruses.
      In the population of virions the hemagglutinin of influenza B virus prevails,
      whereas NP proteins of both viruses are present in similar quantities. Trypsin
      treatment of the double-infected cells resulting in the cleavage of the
      hemagglutinin molecules at the cell surface allows revealing the predominance of
      influenza B hemagglutinin on cell surface, although both hemagglutinins are
      accumulated in the cells. An impairment of the hemagglutinin transport to the
      cell surface as a possible additional mechanism of heterotypic interference and
      its possible effect on the polypeptide content of the phenotypically mixed
      virions are discussed.

PMID- 3842741
TI  - [Prediction of the nucleotide-binding properties of viral proteins from their
      primary structure].
AB  - Screening of amino acid sequences of a variety of virus-specific proteins for
      fragments structurally similar to the "ATP-consensus", a universal sequence found
      in nucleotide-binding pockets of several ATP-utilizing enzymes, was made.
      Fragments of hypothetical nucleotide-binding pockets were discovered in some
      proteins of DNA viruses (herpesviruses, papovaviruses, poxviruses and
      parvoviruses, comoviruses, bromoviruses, alpha 1-phaviruses and tobamoviruses).
      Analysis of the published data concerning the functions of the virus-specific
      proteins in question makes it evident that the proposal that these proteins
      possess nucleotide-binding properties. Is confirmed by these data or, at least
      does, not contradict to them. The possibility of a common evolutionary origin of
      the proteins containing fragments similar to the "ATP-consensus" is discussed.

PMID- 3842742
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of protein-synthesizing apparatus of diploid and
      aneuploid human embryo fibroblasts].
AB  - The time of average polypeptide chain synthesis (tc), distribution of synthesized
      polypeptides according to their molecular masses, the ratio of translating and
      nontranslating ribosomes and polyribosomes of different size have been analyzed
      for diploid and aneuploid strains of fibroblasts. The magnitude of tc as well as
      the size of polypeptide chains synthesized were found to be similar for both
      kinds of fibroblasts. The relative cellular content of the translating ribosomes
      has been shown to decrease during the transition of cells from both strains to
      the stationary growth phase. The relative content of heavy polyribosomes is lower
      in aneuploid cells as compared with that in diploid cells. The process of
      translation in aneuploid fibroblasts is concluded to have no essential deviations
      from normal.

PMID- 3842743
TI  - [Mapping and cloning of the gene coding for beta-glucanase from various bacilli].
AB  - Beta-glucanase gene from Bacillus subtilis 168 has been mapped by bacteriophage
      pBS1 transduction technique between sacA and purA genes. The stimulating effect
      of pleiotropic mutations pap, amyB and sacUh on beta-glucanase production in
      Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been described. Beta
      glucanase gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been cloned ona Charon 4A
      vector. Expression of the gene in E. coli cells depended on the orientation of
      the cloned DNA on a pBR322 vector plasmid. Maximal enzymatic activity was
      registered in periplasm. Beta-glucanase gene was recloned in Bacillus subtilis
      cells. Bacillus subtilis strain, harbouring pBG1, produces 500 times more beta
      glucanase as compared with the wild type strain of Bacillus subtilis.

PMID- 3842744
TI  - [Vector plasmids and the strategy of molecular cloning for streptococci].
AB  - The experiments on elaboration of gene engineering methodology for streptococci
      are described. Two vectors were constructed for DNA cloning in streptococci on
      the basis of plasmids pSM19035 and pIP2501. Some of the plasmids occurred to be
      valuable vectors for molecular cloning in bacilli. Peculiarities of the
      transformation mechanism in streptococci were found to impede the molecular
      cloning. The recombination technique of cloning was successfully used in the
      streptococcal system.

PMID- 3842745
TI  - [Isolation and characteristics of staphylococcal alpha-toxin].
AB  - A method for isolation of staphylococcal alpha-toxin preparations has been
      elaborated. Characteristics of the toxin isolated by the method are as follows:
      mol. mass = 35 Kd; HU = 0.1 microgram; DnD= 0.1 microgram; LD50 = 2 micrograms.
      It is for the first time that alpha-toxin was fragmented by papain and digested
      by alpha, gamma-chemotrypsin. The papain fragments (18.5 and 15 Kd) retained
      lethal activity but lost hemolytic and dermonecrotic activities. Alpha, gamma
      chemotryptic digested fragments (18 and 15 Kd) retained hemolytic and lethal
      effects, but lost their dermonecrotic activity.

PMID- 3842746
TI  - [Storage and reconstruction of hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies against
      viral antigens].
AB  - The conditions were optimized for freezing storage, restoring and further
      cultivation of hybridoma cells producing antibodies to viral antigens. The effect
      of density of cellular suspension frozen,concentration of calf embryo serum in
      cryoprotected medium and mild conditions of the restoring of hybridoma were
      studied. To restore deeply frozen hybridoma 24 hole plastic panels with a layer
      of feeding cells of the HEPES and insulin containing medium were used. The
      fulfilling of these requirements makes possible restoration of intact antibody
      producing hybridoma from 10(2)-10(3) frozen cells.

PMID- 3842747
TI  - [Inhibition of influenza A virus RNA-polymerase by deoxydinucleoside phosphates].

PMID- 3842748
TI  - [Effect of the pC194 plasmid on the development of Bacillus thuringiensis
      phages].
AB  - Bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae strains were transformed by plasmid pC194,
      coding for chloramphenicol resistance (CmR). Efficiency of plating and the yields
      of bacteriophages Tg13 and Tg27 maturating in CmR transformant cells were
      decreased for 2-3 orders as compared with the ones in parental strains. The CmR
      transformants are characterized by the increased level of spontaneous induction
      of bacteriophage Tg22.

PMID- 3842749
TI  - [The use of the cationic detergent dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide for the
      isolation of influenza virus glycoproteins with subsequent integration of the
      protein into liposome membrane].
AB  - Glycoproteins were isolated from influenza virus with the use of cationic
      detergent dodecyltrimethylammoniumbromide and attached to preformed liposomes.
      Liposomal vesicles, thus, acquired their ability for hemagglutination and lysis
      of chicken erythrocytes. The possibility of using these liposomes for transfer of
      alien agents into eucaryotic cells is discussed.

PMID- 3842750
TI  - [Characteristics of Bacillus thuringiensis phages with circular permutation in
      the DNA molecule].
AB  - Bacteriophages Tm2 and Tg27 of different origins but identical in biological
      properties have been compared. Physicochemical characteristics of bacteriophages
      have revealed the existence of end repeats and circular permutation of phage DNA.
      Phages Tm2 and Tg27 share the same dimensions of incapsulated DNA, differing in
      the sizes of phage genome and end repeats. Bacteriophage Tm2 genome is 45.2 kb.
      long with the end repeats containing 5.7%. The genome of Tg27 is 42.53 kb and
      11.8% of end repeat. The bacteriophages relation has been confirmed by
      heteroduplex and restriction analysis. Tm2 and Tg27 share 84% of homology. Two
      regions of nonhomology are found representing a single-stranded loop and
      equishouldered vesicle with the sizes 2.19 kb and 5.03 kb, respectively.

PMID- 3842751
TI  - [Study of the effect of parotitis vaccine on DNA repair in human lymphocytes].
AB  - The effect of parotitis vaccine virus (strain L-3) on the DNA repair synthesis
      induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide has been studied. The efficiency of the
      repair synthesis depends on individual properties of the human body, viral
      multiplicity and concentration of the mutagen. A two-fold increase in DNA repair
      synthesis was obtained after infection of cells with low viral multiplicity
      (0.001 HADU50 per cell) and using 2.5 x 10(-7) M concentration of the mutagen A
      ten-fold increase in mutagen concentration affecting the infected cells was
      accompanied by the inhibition of DNA repair synthesis. Lymphocytes from children
      studied 7 days after vaccination by the attenuated virus did not reveal any
      changes in DNA repair synthesis as compared with the cells from nonvaccinated
      children.

PMID- 3842752
TI  - [Optimization of the transfer and incorporation of viral DNA into cells using
      liposomes conjugated with influenza virus glycoprotein].
AB  - Liposomes connected with influenza viral glycoproteins increase by 1-2 orders the
      specific infectiousness of DNA from SV-40 or monkey adenovirus SA7 as compared
      with the one registered when the standard method of calcium precipitation is
      used.

PMID- 3842753
TI  - [Analysis of plasmids in Rhizobium meliloti strains of different geographical
      origin].
AB  - The presence of 1-3 additional plasmids ranging from 16 to 400 Md in mol mass was
      revealed in bacterial cells besides a megaloplasmid in most of 34 Rhizobium
      meliloti strains studied. No correlation was found between plasmids pattern and
      geographical origin of isolation source of the strain analyzed.

PMID- 3842754
TI  - [Identification of monoclonal antibodies against protein E1 of venezuelan equine
      encephalomyelitis virus blocking the hemagglutinating but not the infective
      activity of virions].
AB  - Cellular clone (MAK 14-7), producing antibodies against the virus of Venezuela
      equine encephalomyelitis (VEE), strain 230, was isolated using the standard
      hybridomata technology. Monoclonal antibodies neutralized the viral
      hemagglutinating activity leaving the infectious one intact. Monoclonal
      antibodies from MAD 14-7 reacted specifically with viral glycoprotein E1 as
      registered by the immunoprecipitation technique. The topography of antigenic
      determinants of viral E1/E2 glycoprotein dimer forming the virions outer spikes
      is discussed in connection with the results obtained.

PMID- 3842755
TI  - [Effect of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Town). Conn. on the functional
      properties of human blood lymphocytes].
AB  - Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been shown to affect the proliferation of intact
      lymphocytes as well as lymphocytes stimulated by PHA action. Inoculation of
      bacteria into the cultures of intact lymphocytes and incubation during 72 h
      resulted in increased incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into the DNA of cultivated
      cells. The bacteria are capable of inhibition of lymphocytes proliferation
      stimulated by PHA.

PMID- 3842756
TI  - [Isolation of mutant genes for human leukocyte alpha2-interferon by a method of
      localized mutagenesis].
AB  - An efficient method to obtain the mutant genes for human leucocyte alpha 2
      interferon (IFN) has been elaborated. The technique includes the following main
      stages: cloning of interferon gene in M13mp8 DNA; isolation of double-stranded
      hybrid DNA complex, containing IFN gene as a single-stranded fragment; selective
      modification of a single-stranded hybrid DNA by sodium bisulphite; the repair of
      hybrid DNA by DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli, transformation of
      Escherichia coli JN103 cells by double-stranded circular DNA, containing the
      selectively modified gene IFN. The technique is based on the protection of
      bacteriophage M13 genome from mutagen induced damage by means of converting phage
      DNA into the double-stranded structure leaving the single-stranded fragment to be
      mutagenized prone to mutagen action. This is achieved by reannealing of single
      stranded M13mpB DNA hydrolyzed by restriction endonuclease BamHI. The technique
      preserves the infectiousness of vector DNA under the conditions permitting
      modification of up to 10% cytosine residues in IFN gene. Every clone resulting
      from transformation of Escherichia coli by modified DNA carried mutations in IFN
      gene, identified by sequencing after Sanger.

PMID- 3842757
TI  - [Spontaneous genetic transformation in Pseudomonas pseudomallei].
AB  - Spontaneous genetic transformation has been registered in Pseudomonas
      pseudomallei cells. Transforming frequencies registered reach 10(-4)-10(-5).
      Spontaneous transformation has been simulated for Pseudomonas pseudomallei in
      soil. Intrageneric spontaneous transformation has been demonstrated to occur
      between Pseudomonas pseudomallei and Pseudomonas mallei.

PMID- 3842758
TI  - [Analysis of ribonucleoproteins of influenza virus containing genomic and
      complementary RNA].
AB  - The density and sedimentation characteristics of ribonucleoproteins (RNP)
      containing genomic RNA from influenza virus and RNA complementary have been
      studied. Radioactive RNA from infected cells has been used for analysis. RNA
      classes of interest were isolated by reannealing with abundant nonradioactive
      genomic and complementary RNA and separation of resulting duplexes in
      electrophoresis. The RNP containing antigenomic virus-specific RNA are
      practically identical to "genomic" RNP for their sedimentation and density
      characteristics. The "plus" RNP is characterized by the stoichiometric mode of
      RNA protein interaction.

PMID- 3842759
TI  - [The problem of pesticide and heavy metal residues in plant-derived drugs used in
      the pharmaceutical industry].

PMID- 3842760
TI  - [Combined action of phosphate removal and disinfection on urban sewage treated at
      a biological oxidation plant].

PMID- 3842761
TI  - [Enteritis caused by rotavirus in adulthood and childhood. Case studies].

PMID- 3842762
TI  - [Use of formaldehyde in the cosmetic field].

PMID- 3842763
TI  - [Microbiological aspects of various dairy products produced in Campania].

PMID- 3842764
TI  - [Statistics on gastrointestinal tumors in the 4 provinces of Abruzzo (1975-79)].

PMID- 3842765
TI  - [Presence of volatile organic halogenated compounds in some water sources of
      northern Italy].

PMID- 3842766
TI  - [Analysis of environmental risks in a tanning industry].

PMID- 3842767
TI  - [Salmonella and Yersinia in the sewage of the city of Urbino].

PMID- 3842768
TI  - [Non-01 Vibrio cholerae from the Arno at Pisa].

PMID- 3842769
TI  - [Evaluation of the immune status in a female population sample 10 years after
      rubella vaccination].

PMID- 3842770
TI  - [Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis: incidence and antibiotic resistance in
      the Ospedale Policlinico di Perugia (1979-1981)].

PMID- 3842771
TI  - Relationship between semivowels and vowels: cross-linguistic investigations of
      acoustic difference and coarticulation.
AB  - Formant frequencies of the semivowels /j/ and /w/ in Amharic, Yoruba and Zuni
      were measured in three vowel environments. Cross-language differences were found
      between what are described as the same semivowels, i.e. different languages have
      different acoustic targets for /j/ and /w/. These cross-language differences in
      semivowels correlate with cross-language differences in the respective cognate
      vowels /i/ and /u/. Nonetheless, the semivowels differ in systematic ways from
      the vowels in directions that make them more 'consonantal'. These languages also
      differ in their patterns of coarticulation between semivowels and adjacent
      vowels. This shows, inter alia, that palatal segments differ from language to
      language in their degree of resistance to coarticulation. Because of these
      language-specific coarticulatory patterns, cross-language differences in acoustic
      targets can only be established after careful consideration of the effect of
      context.

PMID- 3842772
TI  - On aspiration in Swahili: hypotheses, field observations, and an instrumental
      analysis.
AB  - Quantitative evidence to substantiate accounts of Swahili phonetics is scarce. In
      this paper, attention is drawn to the particularly complex feature of aspiration.
      A set of working hypotheses for experimental research are formulated. On the
      basis of field observations, aspiration is assumed to be operative at several
      levels of Swahili grammar. Contrary claims are reviewed and discussed in relation
      to informant selection and control methods for experimental procedures. A digital
      phonetic data base under current construction is outlined. Speech samples from
      the data base are used to quantify Swahili aspiration along the voice onset time
      dimension. The data suggest that the physical manifestation of the aspiration
      feature is relatively strong in Swahili as compared with Swedish.

PMID- 3842773
TI  - A perceptual study of the influence of pitch on the intelligibility of sung
      vowels.
AB  - A perceptual study of the influence of pitch on the intelligibility of vowels was
      carried out using a corpus containing all 15 French vowels sung by a professional
      soprano across her entire voice range. Four untrained subjects underwent
      identification tests whose results show statistically that vowel intelligibility
      is inversely proportional to pitch. A perceptual analysis based on confusion
      matrices revealed that intelligibility drops rapidly starting at the middle
      register. Classification of the confusions showed that incorrectly identified
      vowels tend to be confused with [a], most certainly because the shape of the
      vocal tract when in the upper register corresponds to that of the vowel [a].

PMID- 3842774
TI  - The meiotic chromosomes of Creole cattle from Guadeloupe.

PMID- 3842775
TI  - [Relative efficacy of various kinds of traps for 3 species of Glossina present in
      Burkina Faso (G. morsitans submorsitans, G. tachinoides, G. palpalis
      gambiensis)].

PMID- 3842776
TI  - The use of a herd simulation model for the estimation of direct economic benefits
      of tsetse control. Application to the pastoral zone of Sideradougou, Burkina
      Faso.

PMID- 3842778
TI  - Observations on colloid goiter of dromedary camels in the Sudan.

PMID- 3842777
TI  - [Control of digestive strongylosis in small ruminants in the French West Indies:
      development of benzimidazole resistance and value of the reasoned management of
      pastures].

PMID- 3842779
TI  - [Note on the anatomo-pathological aspects and etiopathogenesis of the livers of
      cattle rejected at the S.G.A. abattoir of Lubumbashi (Zaire)].

PMID- 3842780
TI  - [Pulmonary lesions in pigs sent to the abattoirs of Lubumbashi].

PMID- 3842781
TI  - Colonial, biochemical and serological characteristics of Yersinia species
      isolated from animals in Nigeria.

PMID- 3842782
TI  - Production of enterotoxins by strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from
      camels in Nigeria.

PMID- 3842783
TI  - [Treatment and prospects for chemoprophylaxis of ovine cowdriosis with a long
      acting oxytetracycline].

PMID- 3842784
TI  - Infectious drug resistance and antibiotic resistance curing in Salmonella and
      Shigella isolates from cases of diarrhoea.

PMID- 3842785
TI  - The effects of different sources of commercial rations on the humoral immune
      response of broilers to Newcastle disease vaccination.

PMID- 3842786
TI  - [Histologic grading of malignancy in epidermoid carcinoma of the larynx. Review
      of the literature and proposal of a structural grading].

PMID- 3842787
TI  - Accountability of pathologists.

PMID- 3842788
TI  - Making chronic nonspecific dermatitis specific. How to make precise diagnoses of
      superficial perivascular dermatitides devoid of epidermal involvement.

PMID- 3842789
TI  - Nevi of connective tissue. A reappraisal of their classification.
AB  - Nevi of connective tissue may be conveniently divided according to clinical and
      pathologic presentations into two types, namely, the adventitial and the
      reticular. Nevi of adventitial connective tissue are usually small and situated
      on the extremities. They are characterized by accumulations of fibroblasts and
      apposition of collagen around adnexa and vessels. Nevi of reticular connective
      tissue are usually situated on the trunk. They consist of faulty distributions
      and amounts of collagen bundles, elastic fibers, or proteoglycans.

PMID- 3842790
TI  - Mycosis fungoides simulating acanthosis nigricans.
AB  - In this paper, an unusual papillomatous variant of the plaque stage of mycosis
      fungoides with clinical similarities to acanthosis nigricans is described. In
      contrast to the classic plaque stage of mycosis fungoides, the dermal infiltrates
      in this patient showed a rather monomorphous proliferation of blast-like cells
      that had little or no tendency to infiltrate the epidermis.

PMID- 3842791
TI  - Primary cutaneous atypical histiocytosis with possible dissemination.
AB  - Three unusual cases that were clinically suspected to be cutaneous malignant
      lymphomas were investigated by electron microscopy and enzyme cytochemistry. By
      conventional histology, a monomorphous infiltrate of medium-sized histiocytoid
      cells with occasional cytoplasmic vacuoles was seen. More characteristic was the
      ultrastructural finding of giant multivesicular bodies and pleomorphic granules
      in numerous neoplastic cells. These organelles seem to be closely related and to
      represent a market of a clinical entity. On cryostat sections some neoplastic
      cells were strongly positive, some weakly positive, and others negative for
      lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase, alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase). Several
      cases with the same cytoplasmic structures and similarities in clinical
      presentations (disseminated cutaneous nodules and larger masses) and good
      responses to various modes of treatment (excision, x-ray irradiation,
      chemotherapy) have been described in the literature. However, a fatal course is
      also possible.

PMID- 3842792
TI  - A cystic teratoma in skin.
AB  - This is a report of a child who had a subcutaneous cyst that was filled with
      cornified cells and hair and lined by respiratory epithelium with seromucous
      glands and partly by squamous epithelium like that of the follicular infundibulum
      to which epithelial structures of adnexa were attached. The cyst wall was
      encircled incompletely by fascicles of mature smooth muscle. Differential
      diagnosis is discussed and cystic teratoma in skin is suggested as a proper term
      for the condition.

PMID- 3842793
TI  - The Cockayne syndrome--an inherited multisystem disorder with cutaneous
      photosensitivity and defective repair of DNA. Comparison with xeroderma
      pigmentosum.

PMID- 3842794
TI  - Poikiloderma.

PMID- 3842795
TI  - Enzyme electrode for urea with amperometric indication: Part I--Basic principle.
AB  - A novel method for amperometric determination of substrates of hydrolytic enzymes
      has been developed. As an example the pH dependence of electrochemical oxidation
      of hydrazine in the Tafel region was combined with the urease catalysed splitting
      of urea to construct an amperometric membrane electrode for urea. The
      characteristic features of this sensor are: a linear dependence of the current of
      hydrazine oxidation on hydrogen ion concentration (as opposed to the logarithmic
      response of potentiometric sensors), linear urea concentration-signal
      relationship between 0.8 and 35 mmol/litre sample concentration, a response time
      of about 20 s, a relative standard deviation of 1% and measuring frequency up to
      40 samples/h with an electrode operational stability of 2 weeks. Calibration
      curves for aqueous urea solutions are given as functions of starting pH, urease
      and hydrazine concentration and the potential dependence of the signal was
      determined.

PMID- 3842796
TI  - As introduction to the concepts and technology of biosensors.

PMID- 3842797
TI  - Assessment of age-related acid aspiration risk factors in pediatric, adult, and
      geriatric patients.
AB  - One hundred inpatients scheduled for elective surgery were studied to determine
      the age-related risk of pulmonary aspiration as indicated by gastric acidity and
      volume. Twenty-five patients from 6 months to 12 years old were included in the
      pediatric age group, 50 patients from 18 to 64 years old were included in the
      adult age group, and 25 patients older than 65 years old were included in the
      geriatric group. Mean gastric pH was 1.99, 2.40, and 3.32 in the pediatric,
      adult, and geriatric age groups, respectively; the differences between the three
      groups were statistically significant. The proportions of patients with pH less
      than or equal to 2.50 were also significantly different among three groups: 92%,
      76%, and 60% in the pediatric, adult, and geriatric age groups, respectively.
      Mean gastric volumes were 0.49, 0.37, and 0.24 ml/kg and proportions of patients
      with volumes greater than or equal to 0.40 ml/kg were 60, 32, and 12% in
      pediatric, adult, and geriatric patients, respectively. Gastric contents with
      both pH less than or equal to 2.5 and volume greater than or equal to 0.4 ml/kg
      were seen in 60, 28, and 12% in the three respective groups. Risk of acid
      aspiration pneumonitis theoretically is present in all age groups, with children
      being at greatest risk and geriatric patients with least risk. We have also noted
      a correlation between age and gastric contents because gastric acidity and volume
      both decreased as age increased. Increasing length of fasting period increased
      gastric acidity without significant effect on volume.

PMID- 3842798
TI  - Derivative 11 marker chromosome in bladder carcinoma.
AB  - Cytogenetic studies on bladder carcinomas from two patients were carried out on
      preparations obtained by a direct method. The chromosome mode was 49 and 55,
      respectively. Several karyotypic changes were found in the tumors. Moreover, the
      analysis of Q-banded chromosomes revealed the presence in both cases of a
      chromosome 11p+. These rearranged chromosomes showed a very similar banding
      pattern. The finding of a der(11) chromosome marker in two patients is
      intriguing, and suggests the possibility of nonrandom chromosome changes in
      bladder carcinoma, as already found in other kinds of tumors. The occurrence of
      chromosome #11 aberrations in tumors of the urinary tract is discussed in
      connection with the current theories on oncogenesis.

PMID- 3842799
TI  - Choline uptake, acetylcholine synthesis and release, and halothane effects in
      synaptosomes.
AB  - Synaptosomes isolated from rat cerebra were used as a model to study the effects
      of halothane on choline uptake and acetylcholine synthesis and release processes.
      Synaptosomes are membrane-bound particles that are formed by gentle disruption of
      brain tissue. These particles include the presynapse, cleft, portions of
      postsynaptic membrane, and all other components contained in brain nerve
      terminals necessary for neurotransmitter synthesis, storage, and release.
      Halothane (3% in air, vol/vol) caused a "competitive-like" inhibition of choline
      uptake in synaptosomes but had no effect on the enzymatic activity of choline
      acetyl-transferase (ChAT). Three percent halothane depressed synaptosomal
      acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis by 86% while ACh release from synaptosomes was
      inhibited 50%. It is suggested that halothane inhibits ACh synthesis by directly
      interfering with the carrier-mediated transport system of choline. Since
      halothane also inhibits ACh release, as well as choline uptake, it is probable
      that the anesthetic is acting upon more than one site in these cholinergic nerve
      terminals. These data require an interpretive evaluation that cannot fit the
      "unitary" hypothesis as the mechanism of action of general anesthetics.

PMID- 3842800
TI  - Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and Dipetalonema reconditum in greyhounds.
AB  - Blood samples from 331 greyhounds in the Hunter Valley and nearby coastal areas
      of New South Wales were examined for microfilariae using a filtration technique.
      Species were identified by histochemical staining; 10.9% of the greyhounds were
      infected with Dirofilaria immitis and 3.6% with Dipetalonema reconditum. The
      prevalence of infection of both species was significantly greater in summer than
      in winter (p = less than 0.05). Infection with D. immitis was correlated with
      differences in age, sex, bodyweight and coat colour, and a reported lack of
      stamina and the presence of a cough. No significant association was found.
      Diethylcarbamazine citrate was used for prophylaxis in 8.8% of all the greyhounds
      examined.

PMID- 3842801
TI  - Activation of liver branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase in rats by
      excesses of dietary amino acids.
AB  - As part of an effort to explain the leucine-induced depressions of plasma
      isoleucine and valine concentrations, and the concomitant stimulation of valine
      oxidation in vivo, branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKAD) activity
      was measured in livers from rats that were fed for only 6 h/d large quantities of
      individual amino acids in a low protein diet. Preincubation of homogenates with
      buffer containing Mg2+ and Ca2+ allowed estimation of fully active complex.
      Cytosolic and mitochondrial branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase (BCAAT)
      activities were also measured in livers of rats fed an excess of leucine. The
      percentage of BCKAD in the active form in livers of rats fed the low protein diet
      containing an excess of leucine, isoleucine, valine or phenylalanine for 2 d was
      double that of rats fed the low protein control diet (control, leucine,
      isoleucine, valine and phenylalanine groups having, respectively, 45 +/- 2, 85 +/
      7, 85 +/- 3, 95 +/- 5, and 81 +/- 4% of hepatic BCKAD in the active form).
      Consumption of a low protein diet containing an excess of leucine had no
      significant effect on either cytosolic or mitochondrial BCAAT activities of
      liver. The response of BCKAD in liver can contribute to the leucine-induced
      stimulation of valine oxidation in vivo but analysis of the results of this study
      leads to the conclusion that other mechanisms, probably in nonhepatic tissues,
      must also be involved.

PMID- 3842802
TI  - Glucocorticoid-induced reduction of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis in cultured
      hepatocytes from chick embryo.

PMID- 3842803
TI  - An experimental study on intermaxillary fixation in the healing process of
      fracture of the condylar process of the mandible.

PMID- 3842805
TI  - The people vote on abortion funding: Colorado and Washington.

PMID- 3842804
TI  - Project Redirection: evaluation of a comprehensive program for disadvantaged
      teenage mothers.
AB  - An evaluation of Project Redirection, a two-year demonstration program designed
      to help pregnant teenagers and teenage mothers, shows that teenagers from a
      comparison group, who were not enrolled in the demonstration program, were
      significantly more likely than project participants to experience a repeat
      pregnancy after one year, but that after two years the difference was small and
      nonsignificant. Likewise, at 12 months into the program, the project participants
      proved more likely to be using contraceptives, but by 24 months the comparison
      group had caught up. After one year of participation, the project teenagers were
      more likely than the others either to be in school or to have graduated (56 and
      49 percent, respectively). However, this differential also disappeared by 24
      months. Nonetheless, even at that point, project teenagers who had dropped out
      prior to joining the program and those who had had a repeat pregnancy were more
      likely to be in school or to have completed school than were similar comparison
      teens. Project teenagers also were somewhat more likely to have held a job during
      the two-year period than were teenagers not enrolled in the program. All in all,
      the evaluation demonstrated that teenagers who participated in the project and
      remained in it for more than a year had consistently better outcomes in
      education, employment and repeat pregnancy than any other group had. Comparison
      teenagers who had never participated in any special program for pregnant
      teenagers, on the other hand, demonstrated consistently poorer outcomes than any
      other group.

PMID- 3842806
TI  - Late abortion and technological advances in fetal viability.

PMID- 3842807
TI  - Social and environmental factors influencing contraceptive use among black
      adolescents.
AB  - In 1979 survey among sexually active unmarried black adolescents from Chicago
      found that 28 percent of the young women and 18 percent of the young men used a
      contraceptive at first intercourse. Statistically significant differences in such
      contraceptive use among teenage women were found for three social and
      environmental characteristics: social class, parents' marital status and
      neighborhood quality. Thus, 41 percent of the young women from the highest social
      class used contraceptives at first intercourse, but only 17 percent of those from
      the lowest class did so. The proportions were 35 percent for young women from
      neighborhoods of high socioeconomic status and 17 percent for those from ghetto
      neighborhoods. Thirty-six percent of teenage women whose parents had intact
      marriages as of the adolescent's 11th birthday used contraceptives at first
      intercourse, compared with 23 percent of those from single-parent and divorced
      families. Among males, social class was the only one of these three
      characteristics that was statistically significant; 32 percent of adolescents
      from the highest class and 11 percent from the lowest practiced contraception at
      first intercourse. For teenagers of both sexes, career aspirations were of
      marginal statistical significance in the practice of contraception. Thirty-six
      percent of young women with high aspirations used contraceptives at first
      intercourse and 19 percent of those with low aspirations did so. Only four
      percent of the young men with low career aspirations used contraceptives,
      compared with 25 percent of those with high aspirations. Number of siblings,
      parental supervision of dating and having a sister who had become a teenage
      mother showed no association with contraceptive use.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3842809
TI  - The pill, chlamydia and PID.

PMID- 3842808
TI  - Parent-child communication and adolescent sexual behavior.
AB  - Data collected over a two-year period from more than 500 teenagers and their
      mothers indicate that neither parental attitudes toward premarital sex nor parent
      child communication about sex and contraception appear to affect teenagers'
      subsequent sexual and contraceptive behavior. Teenagers are often ignorant of
      their parents' attitudes toward sex-related issues, and they and their parents
      often contradict one another in describing the kinds of sex-related conversations
      they have had. In only two cases was a significant relationship found between
      communication and adolescent behavior: Girls whose mothers reported that they had
      discussed sex with their daughters were less likely to subsequently initiate
      coitus; and girls who reported that their mothers had discussed birth control
      with them were more likely to use effective contraceptives. However, the former
      association disappeared when it was the daughters who reported the communication,
      and the latter disappeared when it was the mothers who reported it.

PMID- 3842810
TI  - Increasing paternal responsibility.

PMID- 3842811
TI  - Teenage pregnancy.

PMID- 3842812
TI  - Primary prevention of coronary heart disease. Report on a WHO meeting.

PMID- 3842813
TI  - [Possible consequences of urban pollution caused by radio frequency].
AB  - The AA. report the results of an inquest on the health effects of radio wave
      pollution in an area of Trieste, where television transmitters and broadcasting
      are installed. The following results were obtained: the measure of
      electromagnetic fields showed in the mentioned area a power density 10-100 times
      higher than that + in other zones of Trieste. According to present knowledge, the
      observed values of EM fields may have some psychological, behavioural and
      neurovegetative effects on exposed subjects. Clinical examination, integrated by
      the analysis of some seventy biochemical and functional parameters, showed
      nothing but minor changes of hypophyseal-suprarenal hormones and a relevant
      incidence of neurovegetative troubles. Some difficulties were found in the
      interpretation of psychological troubles, which may be reactive to broadcasting
      installation or secondary to radio wave exposure.

PMID- 3842814
TI  - [Toxicologic hazards at the endocrine level of heavy metals].
AB  - The effects of heavy metals (in particular Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn and Hg) on pituitary,
      thyroid, adrenal gland, pancreas and gonads are reviewed. The effect of these
      metals on the CNS centers regulating endocrine function is emphasized. On this
      time, the reviewed data stress the importance of studying the mechanisms of
      preclinical damage and the biological markers of it.

PMID- 3842815
TI  - [Hypothesis of occupational etiology of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a
      case-control study].
AB  - After a review of the research performed about the occupational hypothesis of
      malignant lymphoma's etiology, a personal interview schedule was used to study
      the occupational exposure among 89 patients with Hodgkin's disease and non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma and 89 referents. The agricultural workers only presented a
      significant relative risk for the malignant lymphoma as a whole and for non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma, but not for Hodgkin's disease; the results are confirmed by a
      matched pairs epidemiologic study. The possible etiologic factors connected with
      agricultural works are discussed.

PMID- 3842816
TI  - [Monitoring of occupational activities under the risk of heat stress: use of
      mathematical models in the prediction of physiological parameters].
AB  - Some authors proposed mathematical models that, starting from standardized
      conditions of environmental microclimate parameters, thermal impedance of the
      clothing, and energetic expenditure allowed the forecast of the body temperature
      and heart rate variations in respect to the basal values in subjects standing in
      the same environment. In the present work we verify the usefulness of these
      models applied to the working tasks characterized by standardized job made under
      unfavourable thermal conditions. In subject working in an electric power station
      the values of the body temperature and heart rate are registered and compared
      with the values obtained by the application of the studied models. The results
      are discussed in view of the practical use.

PMID- 3842817
TI  - [Dynamic electrocardiographic study of a group of urban bus drivers].
AB  - On the initiative of Preventive Medicine promoted by the Genoa Urban Transport
      Company, authors carried out an inquiry of dynamic electrocardiography by Holter
      during the normal working activity of a group of 95 drivers. It was observed mean
      value of heart rate of 86.23 +/- 10.08; moreover patients with more working
      seniority shown a lesser increase of the pulse rate with statistical difference
      as compared with other groups. In any case we don't observe any change of
      ventricular repolarization.

PMID- 3842818
TI  - [Evaluation of oxygen consumption and other cardiorespiratory parameters measured
      during the execution of 3 types of muscular exercises used in respiratory
      kinesitherapy].
AB  - Oxygen consumption (VO2) and other cardiorespiratory parameters (pulmonary
      ventilation, tidal volume, respiratory rate, alveolar ventilation, heart rate)
      have been measured in 10 healthy subjects (20-40 years old) while performing 3
      respiratory exercise (abdominal muscles reinforcement, scapulo-humeral
      articulation movements and chest expansion). The performance of the abdominal
      muscles reinforcement exercises requires the highest oxygen consumption. The 3
      exercises decrease the "Dead space/Tidal volume" ratio and increase the alveolar
      ventilation.

PMID- 3842819
TI  - [Return to work and cardiovascular status after myocardial infarction].
AB  - 110 male subjects, under 60, admitted for myocardial infarction in 1980 and 1981,
      have been considered. 85 answers to the questionnaire, sent by post have been
      obtained, 6 pertaining to patients who died in the meanwhile. Among the 79 living
      patients who replied, 57 (72.1%) had resumed work within the average time of 4.8
      months (min. 0.5-max. 12). Return to work has been significantly higher among
      self-employed people than employees; only 15 subjects had changed job or task.
      The subjective rating of the actual health status, two years after the
      infarction, has been satisfactory in 90.5% of cases, in spite of 56.5%
      complaining of heartburn, 38.1% of dyspnea and 35.7% of palpitation. The work
      load has been rated as tiring only by 12.6% of them, while 65.6% have maintained
      unchanged their work capacity. Electrocardiographic monitoring (by the Holter
      method), during a normal workday, showed no significant differences between
      working and retired subjects and, also, in work and normal activity periods. 19
      subjects (47.5%) presented ventricular arrhythmias, in 12 cases at high risk,
      most of them being unaware of it. These arrhythmias were more frequent during
      wake periods, but not strictly connected to the type and the quality of the work
      activity. The patients subjected to rehabilitation showed no differences in the
      cardiovascular patterns during the ergometric test and ECG monitoring when
      compared to those not subjected to rehabilitation.

PMID- 3842820
TI  - [Pneumoconiosis in bauxite miners].
AB  - The authors examined a group of 40 miners who were being working at an Apulian
      bauxite mine, presently inactive. Radiographic findings of pulmonary
      micronodulation without significant reduction of lung functions were showed in 15
      miners. Mineralogical analysis of mine dust samples excluded any presence of more
      than 1% free silica. As a result of this study hypotheses have been formulated
      about pathogenesis of this moderated and non-invasive pneumoconiosis, showed in
      long exposed subjects to low silica content dusts.

PMID- 3842822
TI  - [Capillaroscopic and clinical correlations in chronic occupational
      radiodermatitis].
AB  - 72 patients (69 M, 3 F) occupationally exposed to X-rays were subjected to a
      clinical and capillaroscopic evaluation so as to determine the morphological
      changes occurring within the skin and the microcirculatory system. The two
      parameters were correlated showing that microvasal lesions appear before clinical
      signs become evident. Therefore, the authors underline the importance of adding
      periodic capillaroscopic exams to the clinical control in order to prevent the
      occurrence of occupational chronic radiodermatitis.

PMID- 3842821
TI  - [Exposure to acetone: experimental study of absorption and pulmonary elimination
      in normal subjects].
AB  - Alveolar (CA) and mixed expired air (CE) acetone concentrations were measured in
      15 healthy volunteer subjects, exposed to acetone (CI) in an exposure chamber
      (exposure range: 48-565 mg/m3) both at rest and during exercise (50 W). The
      Relative Uptake (R = 1-CE/CI) was 0.54 at rest (120' and 240') and 0.55 during
      exercise (120', 50 W). Ca:CI ratio was 0.24 at rest. CE:CI and CA:CI ratio was
      constant throughout the exposure time, both at rest and during exercise.

PMID- 3842823
TI  - [Characteristics and definition of stress in subjects exposed to video display
      terminals: evaluation of urinary excretion of catecholamines and euglobulin lysis
      time in a group of VDT operators].
AB  - Occupational stress is defined and the main problems involved in the study of
      stress in VDT operators are pointed out and discussed. A preliminary research is
      presented, in which urinary catecholamines and fibrinolysis are tested in a group
      of VDT telephone operators. Basal values are compared with data obtained after a
      work shift. No evident difference appears from this evaluation.

PMID- 3842824
TI  - [Work with video display terminals: evaluation of psychosomatic aspects in a
      group of VDT operators].
AB  - The prevalence of psychosomatic symptoms in a group of VDT telephone operators is
      evaluated and compared with a control group (people not working at VTDs), by
      using questionnaires. The results show that psychosomatic symptoms are much more
      frequent in VDT operators in comparison with the control group.

PMID- 3842826
TI  - Proprioceptive reflexes in exodeviations.

PMID- 3842827
TI  - Tear film break up time (B.U.T.) in non-contact lens wearers and contact lens
      wearers in normal Indian population.

PMID- 3842825
TI  - [Ocular fatigue syndrome in subjects exposed to video display terminals:
      definition and evaluation in a group of VDT operators].
AB  - The incidence of the "ocular fatigue syndrome" in a group of VDT telephone
      operators is evaluated and compared with a control group (people not working at
      VDT), by using questionnaires. The results show that the "ocular fatigue
      syndrome" is much more frequent in VDT operators in comparison with the control
      group.

PMID- 3842828
TI  - Management of postoperative choroidal detachment.

PMID- 3842829
TI  - Changes in the corneal endothelial cell count as a function of age.

PMID- 3842831
TI  - Study of mycotic keratitis.

PMID- 3842830
TI  - Effect of timolol on intra-ocular pressure in the presence of systemic
      propranolol in healthy subjects.

PMID- 3842832
TI  - Orbital mucormycosis (phycomycosis) (a survival with amphotericin-B and potassium
      iodide).

PMID- 3842833
TI  - Noma--a case report.

PMID- 3842834
TI  - An observation on pathological changes of lacrimal sac in chronic dacryocystitis.

PMID- 3842835
TI  - Unusual presentations of Nevus of Ota. Case reports.

PMID- 3842836
TI  - Malignant melanoma of conjunctiva following surgical excision of naevus.

PMID- 3842837
TI  - Unusual cases of molluscum contagiosum of eye.

PMID- 3842838
TI  - Part- vs full-list performance on the NST by normal-hearing and hearing-impaired
      adults.
AB  - Performance-Level functions were determined for part- and full-list Edgerton and
      Danhauer (1979) Nonsense Syllable Test (NST) mean scores of 15 normal-hearing
      (NH) and 15 mild-to-moderately hearing-impaired (HI) Ss. In the first part-list
      procedure S received 5 different items from the 25-item NST List A at each
      ascending SL (25, 35, 45, 55, and 65 db re: S's better-ear SRT), while in the
      second, full-list, procedure S received the full 25 items. As previous studies
      had shown, the NST could be used to distinguish the NH and HI groups. The P-L
      functions were not significantly different for the part- vs the full-list
      procedures except at the 35 and 55 db SLs in which the part-list scores tended to
      overestimate those from the full list for both groups, to a maximum difference in
      percent correct of about 7%. Clinical implications are presented.

PMID- 3842839
TI  - Monaural and binaural adaptation in sequence: SDLB analogue?
AB  - Magnitude estimates (M.E.) of loudness of a 1-kc/s tone in the R ear at 60 db SPL
      were required over three 3-phase sessions from 15 normal-hearing young adults.
      The initial tone in the session was arbitrarily assigned a value of "60 units" in
      instructions to the S. The session was arranged to be analogous to that commonly
      used in Simultaneous Dichotic Loudness Balancing (SDLB). In a baseline Phase I in
      any of 3 sessions both ears received identical, simultaneous, intermittent
      stimulation. In each session, one of 3 duty cycles (randomized) were used (all on
      times of .5 sec, off-times of .5, 4.5, or 24.5 sec). An M.E. judgment was
      requested every 10 sec for just over 1 min. Then immediately in Phase II the L
      ear received nothing while the R ear received continuous stimulation at 60 db SPL
      for 7 min, with M.E. Judgements requested every 10 sec during Min 1 and every min
      thereafter. Then in Phase III the R ear continued to receive continuous
      stimulation at 60 db SPL for 1 min while in the contralateral ear the condition
      of Phase I was re-introduced. M.E. loudness judgements for the R ear were
      requested as in Phase I. During Phase I there was, as expected, no loudness
      adaptation. During the adapting Phase II, M.E. group values declined
      progressively and significantly, but without significant differences among duty
      cycles. M.E. values in Phase III continued to decline significantly even though
      the contralateral ear was being given intermittent stimulation (irrespective of
      duty cycle). Previous studies had found that, for most listeners, M.E. loudness
      adaptation does not occur when the continuous stimulation is presented by itself.
      As far as is known, the present study is the first M.E. loudness adaptation study
      to present binaural intermittent stimulation before the continuous monaural
      stimulus. It is suggested that the redundancy of the continuous monaural
      stimulation, in comparison with the similar intermittent stimulus, is associated
      with the diminution of loudness.

PMID- 3842840
TI  - Preyer reflex in jaundiced rats: central auditory effects.
AB  - Normal control rats (N:45) and 27 genetically hyperbilirubinemic rats from an NIH
      colony were tested for the Preyer reflex (Pr) threshold using pure tones. About
      half of all animals (N:39) were tested at 4, 6, and 8 kc/s only, while 39 were
      also tested at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 kc/s. Data were not included from 3
      jaundiced rats who died during the study, which began when Ss were 3 wks old.
      Some jaundiced rats differed from control rats in their elevated Pr thresholds
      for mid-frequency tones (approximately 10 kc/s) (group mean threshold difference
      of 6.4 db (p less than .05). Since jaundiced rats have been shown to have
      extensive damage in the first brain-stem synapse, neural dysfunction can be
      inferred. The Pr of jaundiced rats did not differ from normals at frequencies
      below 10 kc/s. Normal low-frequency sensitivity in jaundiced rats likely
      represents a tonotopic vulnerability gradient in the central auditory pathway.

PMID- 3842841
TI  - The effects of time compression on the auditory processing abilities of learning
      disabled children.
AB  - This study measured the ability of ten 8- and ten 12-yr-old learning disabled
      (LD) children of normal intelligence (WISC-R) to discriminate phonemic contrasts
      in sentential stimuli (Subtest 13 of the Carrow Auditory Visual Abilities Test)
      presented at a 50% time-compression rate. Their group responses were compared
      statistically to similar data gathered earlier (May et al, J. Aud. Res., 1984,
      24, 205-211) from 6-, 8-, and 10-yr-old normal children and young adults. LD Ss
      exhibited auditory processing capacities reminiscent of an earlier level of
      operation (e.g., the group of LD Ss with mn age of 12.8 yrs yielded group
      performance equivalent to that of normal 6- and 8-yr-olds), and also manifested
      marked differences in their feature- and frequency-processing abilities. These
      data indicate that contributing to the learning difficulties of LD children may
      very well be delays in auditory development and anomalies in auditory-feature
      processing.

PMID- 3842842
TI  - Hearing loss in the developmentally handicapped: a comparison of three
      audiometric procedures.
AB  - Moderately (N:61) and profoundly (N:103) retarded or developmentally handicapped
      residents of a large institution were assessed using three audiometric
      procedures: behavioral observation audiometry (BOA, both speech and tonal),
      acoustic reflex measures (SPAR), and brain-stem auditory-evoked responses (BSAER)
      audiometry. The purpose was to compare the three methods to determine whether a
      battery of tests might provide a more accurate assessment of this "difficult to
      test" population. The investigation also looked at the relationship between
      hearing loss and level of retardation; there was no evidence of such a
      relationship in the residents of this institution. Results indicated that a
      battery of tests does help eliminate gaps in testing common to this group, and
      further that BSAER audiometry, an objective method not affected by behavior or
      development, may provide the most accurate means of assessing the hearing status
      of individuals who are profoundly developmentally handicapped.

PMID- 3842843
TI  - Distinctive-feature analyses of the speech of deaf children.
AB  - 22 children aged 8.5 through 15.5 yrs with HTLs greater than or equal to 90 db in
      the better ear spoke a carrier phrase before each of 41 monosyllables containing
      each an initial and a final consonant (23 consonants were represented). Each S
      repeated the 41-word list 10 times. Speech samples were recorded simultaneously
      but independently in audio-only and in audio-visual modes, and transcribed by 3
      judges using each mode separately. Percent correct speaker-subjects' utterances
      of target consonants in initial and in final word-positions were scored for
      presence or absence of distinctive features according to the systems of Chomsky
      and Halle (1968) and of Fisher and Logemann (1971). Consistently higher correct
      feature usage was noted for target consonants in the initial rather than in the
      final word-position for both systems. Further, higher scores were obtained when
      transcribers could see as well as hear the speaker, but correct usage of a
      feature was not uniformly a function of the visibility of that feature. Finally,
      there was no significant increase in correct feature usage as a function of
      speaker age.

PMID- 3842844
TI  - A case study of central processing following long-standing unilateral conductive
      hearing loss.
AB  - This single-subject study reported the audibility and speech-processing
      performance of a man who at age 22 had an impacted foreign body removed from the
      bony portion of his L ear canal, it having been there since about age 7. Otologic
      and audiologic assessment, records of failing school screening, and subject and
      family history agreed on an uncomplicated conductive hearing level of 30-40 db.
      Immediately on removing the block, audiograms and tympanograms were normal (HTL
      less than or equal to 20 db at .25-8 kc/s) and remained so for the 14 mo of the
      study. At 8 days and at 5 and 14 mo post-blockage, a speech-in-noise test at 50
      db HL, at S/N's of 30, 20, 15, 10, 5, and 0 db was administered along with the
      SSW test. At 8 days, S-in-N scores (compared to 10 in-house normal controls) were
      abnormally low in both ears, but especially in the L ear (e.g., at S/N = 0, L ear
      score was only 8% correct compared to the controls' 86.4%). Distinct improvement
      occurred at 5 and further at 14 mo, but at 14 mo both ears were still yielding
      scores 1 S.D. below the control mean. Similarly, SSW scores were abnormal for
      both ears; at 5 mo post-blockage the L ear still yielded abnormal scores, but
      yielded normal scores at 14 mo post-blockage. It may be concluded that a
      unilateral conductive hearing loss, even though contracted well past the age
      thought to be crucial in auditory perceptual development, may have a deleterious
      effect on auditory processing of stimuli entering not only the attenuated but
      also the normal ear, and that though this deleterious effect may eventually be
      overcome it may require a surprisingly long time for it to disappear.

PMID- 3842845
TI  - Milk lipoprotein lipase distribution in the major fractions of bovine milk.
AB  - Raw, bovine bulk tank milk and milks from selected cows were separated by
      ultracentrifugation into four major fractions: casein, sloughed membrane
      material, serum, and milk fat globule membrane. Milk lipoprotein lipase activity
      was measured by the pH stat method and protein determinations were made by the
      Lowry procedure for each of the four fractions in order to calculate specific
      activity (units per milligram of protein). In six farm-cooled bulk milk samples
      stored less than or equal to 24 h, casein had a significantly higher milk
      lipoprotein lipase total activity, 35.66 units/ml of milk, than all of the
      fractions. Serum had the next highest activity with 11.69 units/ml of milk. Fluff
      and milk fat globule membrane had activities of .80 and .41 units/ml of milk,
      respectively. The specific activity of the fluff was 3.3 milk lipoprotein lipase
      units/mg of protein, which was significantly higher than the casein and serum
      fractions in pooled milk. Milks from five cows in midlactation were assayed
      individually for milk lipoprotein lipase activity and protein content immediately
      after milking and after 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of cold (4 degrees C) storage. Fresh
      warm milk was characterized by the absence of fluff. Casein had the highest mean
      activity (29.91 units/ml), followed by serum (10.25 units/ml) and milk fat
      globule membrane (.26 units/ml) in the warm milk from the individual cows. Upon
      cooling to 4 degrees C, significant increases in enzyme activity in the fluff and
      milk fat globule membrane fractions were observed at 12 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3842847
TI  - Detection of vegetable oil adulteration in ice cream.
AB  - This study was to demonstrate the application of various analytical methods to
      the detection, identification, and quantitation of vegetable oil adulteration of
      ice cream. Total fat content, sterols, long- and short-chain fatty acids, vitamin
      E, Reichert-Meissl values, and Polenske values were measured in ice cream. All
      methods except total fat determination were capable of detecting vegetable oil
      adulteration. Sterol determination was the most effective and versatile
      measurement because it provided information not only on the detection and extent
      of adulteration but also on the possible identity of the adulterant.

PMID- 3842846
TI  - Physiological and pathological factors influencing bovine alpha-lactalbumin and
      beta-lactoglobulin concentrations in milk.
AB  - Bovine alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin concentrations were determined by
      radial immunodiffusion in 354 milk samples from uninfected and 98 samples from
      infected quarters from 42 Holstein-Friesian cows taken at 30, 150, and 270 days
      of lactation. alpha-Lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin concentrations were not
      affected by quarter location. The alpha-lactalbumin decreased at the end of
      lactation and in samples collected beyond second lactation. The beta
      lactoglobulin concentration increased with stage of lactation. There was a
      positive correlation between alpha-lactalbumin and beta lactoglobulin (r = .12).
      Milk from uninfected quarters had mean alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin
      concentrations of 1.47 and 4.6 mg/ml, respectively. Milk from quarters infected
      by major pathogens or Corynebacterium bovis had less alpha-lactalbumin. Milk from
      quarters infected by minor pathogens had less beta-lactoglobulin. There was a
      negative correlation between alpha-lactalbumin concentration and somatic cell
      count (r = .31), which was amplified by infection status of quarters. No
      correlation was noted between somatic cell count and beta-lactoglobulin
      concentration when considered over the whole sampling period, but the correlation
      became negative in quarters infected by major pathogens.

PMID- 3842848
TI  - Effect of dose of bovine growth hormone on lactation of dairy cows.
AB  - We administered bovine growth hormone to six Holstein cows in a Latin square
      design to study the relationship between dose of growth hormone and response of
      milk yield. Treatments were 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 IU/day of pituitary-derived
      bovine growth hormone administered in once-daily subcutaneous injections. Feed
      intake and yield of milk and milk components were measured for the last 5 days of
      each 10-day injection period. Yields of milk, protein, and fat increased in a
      dose-responsive fashion up to 32, 27, and 46% (for the 100 IU treatment) above
      control (26.7, .90, and .98 kg/day). Concentration of lactose in milk was not
      influenced by treatment, but at larger doses of growth hormone, milk fat percent
      was elevated and protein percent declined. As a result, milk energy secretion in
      response to 100 IU/day was increased 37% from control (19.2 Mcal/day). Both
      energy and nitrogen balance decreased with increasing growth hormone. Limited
      blood samples (timed to coincide with peak concentration of growth hormone
      postinjection) indicated treatment did not affect concentrations of glucose or
      insulin in blood plasma but increased concentration of growth hormone.
      Concentration of nonesterified fatty acids in blood plasma was increased slightly
      only at the 100 IU/day dose for which energy balance was negative.

PMID- 3842850
TI  - Effect of growth hormone on milk yields and related physiological functions of
      Holstein cows exposed to heat stress.
AB  - Responses of milk production and other physiological functions to daily
      subcutaneous injections of bovine growth hormone (16.6 mg/cow) were studied in
      six Holstein cows in midlactation under environmental heat stress. Five days were
      assigned for each treatment of thermoneutral (18.3 degrees C), heat (28.9 degrees
      C), heat plus growth hormone, and heat. Each period was preceded by at least 3
      days of adjustment. Feed and water were available ad libitum. Feed intake, milk
      production, and rectal temperature were measured twice daily. Blood, energy
      metabolism, and body weight were measured every 1st, 3rd, and 5th day of each
      period. Administration of growth hormone under heat stress increased milk
      production by 3.8 and 12% and fat yield by 9.5 and 12.7% over heat and heat. Feed
      intake declined by 5.8% with no significant increase of heat production or body
      weight loss during treatment with bovine growth hormone. Heat increased somatic
      cell concentration.

PMID- 3842849
TI  - Prolactin in bovine milk near the time of calving and its relationship to
      premature induction of lactogenesis.
AB  - Twenty-three primiparous heifers and pluriparous cows were milked once daily
      beginning 3 to 10 days before parturition. Retrospectively, they were divided
      into groups representing either successful or unsuccessful premature induction of
      lactogenesis, depending on milk production prior to calving. Successfully induced
      animals had prepartum milk yields greater than 4 kg/milking and unsuccessful
      animals yielded less. Ten of 23 animals satisfied the criterion for successful
      premature induction at 2.6 +/- .4 days before calving and 3.6 +/- .8 days after
      first milking and had peak prepartum yields of 7.9 +/- .7 kg/milking. Total
      number of prepartum days milked did not differ between successful and
      unsuccessful groups. Greater milk yield prepartum was significantly associated
      with higher milk prolactin concentration on days -6 to -4. Heifers had less milk
      yield than cows but did not differ in milk prolactin concentration or in total
      prolactin per milking. Premature induction of lactogenesis did not confer
      significant lactational benefits for more than 1 day postpartum or over the first
      35 days postpartum. Premature induction of lactogenesis as a result of prepartum
      milking did not, as hypothesized, decrease the ability of mammary secretions to
      accumulate prolactin in large amounts. All groups rapidly lost this ability after
      parturition, suggesting that the hormonal environment of late pregnancy may
      promote the transfer of prolactin from blood into milk when there is regular
      removal of prepartum milk.

PMID- 3842851
TI  - Effect of photoperiod on milk yield and milk fat in commercial dairy herds.
AB  - Two hundred and sixteen cows stanchioned in 13 dairy herds were exposed to
      supplemental lighting of 16 to 16.25 h of light per day from fluorescent lamps,
      whereas 240 herdmates received only sunlight (9 to 12 h/day) plus lighting for
      usual management activities (e.g., milking and feeding). After adjustment for
      differences in stage of lactation, lactation number, mature equivalent, and
      pretrial milk yield, cows exposed to supplemental lighting produced 2.2 kg per
      day more milk and had .16% less milk fat than herdmate controls.

PMID- 3842852
TI  - Effects of feeding monensin sodium to lactating goats: milk composition and
      ruminal volatile fatty acids.
AB  - When diets containing 33 and 18 ppm monensin sodium were fed for ad libitum
      intake to dairy goats, milk fat content was reduced by 15 and 5%. Milk protein
      content was increased 10% when 33 ppm sodium monensin was fed with diet at
      restricted intake. Milk yield was not affected. Both ad libitum and restricted
      consumption of diet containing 33 ppm monensin sodium reduced ratios of ruminal
      acetate:propionate. These resulted from increased propionate concentration with
      ad libitum consumption and from reduced acetate with restricted feeding. Diets
      containing 18 ppm monensin sodium resulted in slightly higher concentrations of
      both propionate and acetate. Monensin sodium did not reduce feed intake
      significantly.

PMID- 3842853
TI  - Thyroxine, triiodothyronine, reverse-triiodothyronine, and other physiological
      characteristics of periparturient cows fed restricted energy.
AB  - Eighty-six cows were assigned to two equal groups with group A fed according to
      National Research Council recommendations for total digestible nutrients for the
      8 wk before parturition and group B was fed 21% higher energy in the first 6 wk
      and 15% higher in the last 2 preparturient wk. Thyroxine in blood serum decreased
      in both groups 14 days before and on the day of delivery. It was significantly
      lower in group A. Findings were similar with triiodothyronine. Blood serum
      concentrations of reverse-triiodothyronine of group A was significantly higher in
      group A on day 28 and 14 than group B before delivery. Energy intake had little
      influence on the serum concentrations of other constituents (albumin, total
      protein, immunoglobulin G, total and free cholesterol, nonesterified fatty
      acids). Restricted energy intake that does not alter thyrotropin-thyrotropin
      releasing hormone secretion results in higher rate of production of reverse
      triiodothyronine and in decreased serum concentration of triiodothyronine. Slight
      changes of energy balance might be indicated readily by reverse-triiodothyronine
      concentration in blood serum.

PMID- 3842854
TI  - Measurement of water kinetics with deuterium oxide in lactating dairy cows.
AB  - Following intravenous infusion with approximately 300 mg deuterium oxide per kg
      body weight, blood was drawn from lactating Holsteins (Trial 1, n = 4, and Trial
      2, n = 5) at suitable intervals for up to 12 days while the cows were maintained
      on dietary regimens to which they were well adapted. Time results for deuterium
      oxide concentration in blood were described best by the three-compartment open
      model system, which showed that the central, shallow peripheral, and deep
      peripheral body water compartments contained 27.1, 25.0, and 23.2% body weight in
      trial 1 and 33.7, 27.1, and 19.9% body weight in trial 2. Total body water
      estimates averaged 75.3 and 80.7% body weight during trials 1 and 2. Estimates
      for biological half-life of water were 4.6 and 3.2 days and those for water
      turnover were 68.9 and 109.7 liters/day, respectively. The data fitted the two
      compartment open model system when observations made prior to 25 min post
      administration were excluded from the analyses, because the central and shallow
      peripheral compartments were apparently lumped into one. Blood sampling at 0.5,
      1, and 1.5 days following infusion and thereafter at 1-day intervals was adequate
      for the estimates of the one compartment open model system. Estimates of total
      body water, water biological half-life, and water turnover were similar for the
      different models. It is concluded that the three-compartment open model provides
      greater detail and insight into the water dynamics of lactating dairy cows having
      regular access to food and water, whereas the two- and one-compartment open model
      systems provide good approximations only.

PMID- 3842855
TI  - Effect on feed intake of infusing sodium propionate or sodium acetate into a
      mesenteric vein of cattle.
AB  - Solutions containing sodium propionate or sodium acetate were infused into a
      mesenteric vein of eight steers in order to examine the effect of increasing the
      entry rate of these metabolites on feed intake. Infusion of propionate inhibited
      feed intake to varying degrees, but acetate infused at equivalent rates had no
      effect. Rate of entry of propionate into the visceral circulation may be a
      physiological mechanism for controlling feed intake in cattle, but it is mainly
      effective when the animal has eaten close to its voluntary maximum intake.

PMID- 3842856
TI  - Apparent digestibilities of diets varying in ratios of forage to concentrate and
      quality of forage at two intakes by dairy cows.
AB  - In four digestion trials we measured effects of feed intake and forage quality on
      apparent digestibility of dietary components. Trials 1 and 2 utilized four mixed
      diets containing either 30 or 50% concentrate blended with either early or normal
      cut alfalfa hay. Trials 3 and 4 utilized two straight hay diets of early and
      normal cut hay. High and low feed intakes were determined for lactating and dry
      cows. Cows in trial 1 digested diets to the same extent regardless of intake or
      ratio of forage to concentrate. Digestibility of dry matter for early cut diets
      was higher than for normal cut diets (67.4 versus 61.5%). In trial 2,
      digestibilities of dry matter were higher for low concentrate than for high
      concentrate diets (60.8 versus 56.9%) and for dry than for lactating cows (60.7
      versus 57.6%). Age of cut had no effect in trial 2, which had unexpected slightly
      higher fiber in early cut diets. In trials 3 and 4, digestibility of dry matter
      was higher for early than normal cut hay (64.0 versus 61.2%) and for dry than
      lactating cows (63.4 versus 62.1%). Depression of dry matter digestibility with
      intake in trials 2, 3, and 4 ranged from .4 to 1.6 percentage units per intake
      above maintenance and was related to cell wall components. Age of cut was the
      most important factor affecting digestibility.

PMID- 3842857
TI  - Effect of lint on whole cottonseed passage and digestibility and diet choice on
      intake of whole cottonseed by Holstein cows.
AB  - Effects of rolling whole linted cottonseed and whole acid-delinted cottonseed on
      whole seed passage and digestibility were determined using 24 lactating Holstein
      cows. Whole seed passage averaged .74% in all cows fed whole linted seed during
      the standardization period and .45% in 6 cows fed whole linted seed during a
      comparison period, contrasted to 11.3% in 6 cows fed acid-delinted seed.
      Digestibility of ether extract was less in the 6 cows fed whole acid-delinted
      cottonseed. No advantage was for rolling whole linted cottonseed before feeding,
      but rolling was beneficial for whole acid-delinted cottonseed. Individual
      consumption of whole linted cottonseed by 18 nonpregnant, dry Holstein cows
      varied from .04 to 5.05 kg/day when two-choice options were given for cottonseed
      versus chopped coastal bermudagrass hay or corn silage, or a complete ration of
      75% corn silage and 25% concentrate. No indication of gossypol toxicity was seen,
      but the large variation in each choice situation suggests it is desirable to
      blend cottonseed with other ingredients to ensure more uniform consumption.

PMID- 3842858
TI  - Nutritive value of potato processing wastes in total mixed rations for dairy
      cattle.
AB  - The nutritive value of wet potato processing waste for dairy cattle was
      determined in two experiments. In Experiment 1, rations contained, on a dry
      matter basis, 0, 10, 15, and 20% potato waste and were substituted for high
      moisture corn in diets for 32 lactating Holstein cows for 12 wk. Substituting
      potato waste for corn did not significantly affect milk yield, milk composition,
      milk production persistency, or dry matter intake. Cows fed 20% potato waste
      tended to decrease in milk fat percent and to shift molar proportions of rumen
      volatile fatty acids toward a decrease in acetate: propionate ratio. In
      Experiment 2, six steers were used in a 3 X 3 Latin square design to test
      digestibility and nitrogen utilization of potato waste substituted for high
      moisture corn at 0, 10, and 20% of the ration dry matter. A second group of four
      steers with rumen fistulas were used in a 4 X 4 Latin square to test rumen
      fermentation parameters. Diets contained 0, 10, 20, and 30% potato wastes and
      were similar to Experiment 1. Potato waste did not significantly affect
      digestibility of crude protein or dry matter, but at 20% substitution
      digestibility of acid detergent fiber decreased. Rumen ammonia, acetate, acetate
      to propionate ratios, and total volatile fatty acids were lower at high intakes
      of potato waste and pH was increased. The shift in rumen fermentation when large
      amounts of potatoes were fed explains the depressed butter fat on these rations.

PMID- 3842859
TI  - The effects of different levels of dietary lead on zinc metabolism in dairy
      calves.
AB  - The effects of feeding diets containing 500 or 1500 ppm added lead as lead
      sulfate on zinc and zinc-65 metabolism in Holstein bull calves were investigated.
      Zinc absorption was slightly (not significantly) reduced in the calves fed lead.
      Fecal zinc excretion was increased by the lead diets by day 24 of the experiment.
      Dietary lead had no significant effect on zinc in blood. Except for the tibia,
      muscle, and brain, stable zinc decreased in all tissues of calves fed the 1500
      ppm lead diets, and differences were significant in pancreas, heart, and
      testicle. A significant decrease was noted in pancreatic zinc in pancreas of
      calves fed 500 ppm lead. Tissue zinc-65 concentrations were decreased
      significantly by lead in the tibia and muscle. Intestinal tissue zinc was not
      affected materially by lead. Dietary lead had very little effect on cellular
      distribution of zinc in the liver and kidney. In the mucosal cells of the small
      intestine, lead increased zinc-65 in the cytosol while decreasing it in the crude
      nuclear fraction. This effect occurred in a linear fashion in all three sections
      of the small intestine as dietary lead increased.

PMID- 3842860
TI  - Observations on sire evaluation with categorical data using heteroscedastic mixed
      linear models.
AB  - The ability of three mixed linear models to rank sires correctly for dichotomous
      and ordered tetrachotomous traits was studied using simulated half-sib progeny
      data. The models differed in the assumptions made regarding homogeneity of
      residual variance. Ranking ability was assessed by estimating the realized
      response to truncation selection (20% of the candidates selected) upon sire
      evaluations in populations consisting of 50 such sires. Results suggested that
      weighting for unequal residual variances, in spite of reducing apparent
      prediction error variance, impairs the ability of best linear unbiased prediction
      to identify superior sires. This is consistent with theoretical arguments
      stemming from threshold models.

PMID- 3842861
TI  - Variance-covariance components associated with trimester yields of milk and fat
      and multiple trait sire evaluation for trimester yields.
AB  - Genotypic and phenotypic variances and covariances for milk and fat yields of
      three equally-spaced intervals in first lactation, days 1 to 90, 91 to 180, and
      181 to 270, were estimated from 26,523 records of initial progeny-test daughters
      of 2,086 Holstein sires. Henderson's method 3 was used with a model that included
      fixed herd-years, fixed age-month of freshening, and random sire and residual
      effects. Heritabilities for milk yields were .21, .21, and .13 for the first,
      second, and third 90 days in lactation and for fat yields were .19, .16, and .10.
      Heritabilities for milk and fat yields over the entire 270 days postpartum were
      .22 and .22. Genetic correlations among partial yields were high and ranged from
      .74 to .99 for milk and .86 to .99 for fat. Genotypic and phenotypic variances
      were used to predict breeding values for trimester milk yield by multiple trait,
      mixed model procedures for 3,797 Holstein artificial insemination sires from
      283,900 first-lactation milk records of their daughters during the first 90,
      second 90, and third 90 days in lactation. Correlations among proofs for the
      three trimesters ranged from .85 to .94. Correlation between the sum of three
      trimester multiple trait proofs and proof for milk yield for 270 days of
      lactation from single trait analysis was .99. Correlations among proofs indicate
      sires may rank differently for milk yield in the three periods.

PMID- 3842862
TI  - Effects of days open on annualized milk yields in current and following
      lactations.
AB  - Length of open period affected annualized yield [(total lactation yield/calving
      interval) 365]. Yield was maximum with more days open for low, as opposed to
      high, peak production and for primiparous, as opposed to multiparous, cows.
      Interactions with days open were not found for mean herd production or cow
      production relative to the herd mean. Number of days open for maximum yield was
      similar for milk, fat, and economically fat-corrected milk [.67 kg milk + 10 kg
      fat]. Correction factors were derived by smoothed least square means of days open
      classes. Additive adjustment factors were more appropriate than multiplicative
      adjustment factors. Records adjusted for days open were not able to predict the
      following lactation yield significantly better than unadjusted records.
      Cumulative yield of current and following annualized lactations, including the
      contribution of the calf expressed in units of milk production, was greatest at
      117 and 98 days open for primiparous and multiparous cows. For cows with high
      peak production maximum yield was with 12 to 14 fewer days open than for cows
      with moderate peak. Conception prior to 2 mo postpartum had an adverse effect on
      cumulative yield.

PMID- 3842863
TI  - Genetic and phenotypic relationships between lactation cell counts and milk yield
      and composition of Holstein cows.
AB  - Monthly somatic cell count data were collected between February 1977 and February
      1982 for Holstein cows in 928 herds enrolled on the Quebec Dairy Herd Analysis
      Service. The geometric mean of the log monthly cell counts was calculated for
      each lactation. Official lactation records for 305-day milk, fat, and protein
      yields, and fat and protein percents were obtained for same cows. There were
      18,189 cows in first lactation representing 257 sires, 13,225 in second lactation
      representing 206 sires, and 8,683 in third lactation representing 151 sires.
      Heritabilities of yield traits and protein percent increased across three
      lactations. Heritability of fat percent was similar in first and third lactations
      but decreased slightly in second lactations. Heritability of lactation cell count
      was small, being least in second lactations. Genetic correlations between
      lactation cell count and yield traits were positive in first lactations, small
      and negative in second lactations, and small and positive in third lactations.
      Genetic correlations between lactation cell count and fat and protein contents
      were small in the three lactations. Phenotypic correlations between lactation
      cell count and production traits were small in each of the three lactations.
      Genetic correlations between yield traits in early lactation and lactation cell
      count in a subsequent lactation were positive. The genetic correlation between
      protein percent in an early lactation and cell count in a later lactation was
      large between first and second lactations, decreased between second and third
      lactation, and small between first and third lactations. Genetic correlations
      were small and negative for fat percent.

PMID- 3842864
TI  - Percentages of protein and nonprotein nitrogen with varying fat and somatic cells
      in bovine milk.
AB  - Over 15 mo, 28,390 individual milk samples from 3,600 cows in 62 Quebec Holstein
      herds were analyzed for crude protein, true protein, nonprotein nitrogen, fat,
      and somatic cell counts. Unadjusted means with standard errors were 3.51% +/-
      .002, 3.31% +/- .002, 31.70 mg/100 ml +/- .12, 3.67% +/- .004, and 297,230
      cells/ml +/- 4002. Nonprotein nitrogen as a percentage of total nitrogen was
      5.57% +/- .02. Least squares analyses showed significant effects of herd, age of
      cow, month of test, stage of lactation, somatic cell count, and fat percentage on
      contents of crude protein, true protein, and ratio of nonprotein nitrogen to
      total nitrogen. Highly variable nonprotein nitrogen fraction content during
      different months of the year and various stages of lactation is responsible for
      changes of crude protein content whereas changes of crude protein for different
      ages of cows, fat, and somatic cells in milk are due to changes of true protein
      content. Automatic infrared instrument calibrated against crude protein standards
      can be used satisfactorily to measure crude protein in milk if variations are due
      to age of cow, fat, and somatic cell counts. However, the instrument becomes
      inaccurate for measuring large variation of crude protein caused by variability
      of nonprotein nitrogen due to season and stage of lactation.

PMID- 3842865
TI  - Detection of bovine mastitis by bromothymol blue pH indicator test.
AB  - A simple bromothymol blue indicator test was evaluated for farm diagnosis of
      mastitis. The test required highly absorbent blotting paper impregnated with four
      spots of bromothymol blue. Indicator color scores (1 to 4) for quarter foremilks
      increased with somatic cell count and pH, although variability within each color
      score was large. Sensitivity of the bromothymol blue test ranged from 51 to 56%
      and specificity from 89 to 90% for most reference criteria used to classify
      normal and abnormal milk. Predictability of a positive test ranged from 49 to 52%
      (false positives 51 to 48%) and predictability of a negative test from 90 to 97%
      (false negatives 10 to 3%) for the same criteria. Overall the bromothymol blue
      test incorrectly diagnosed 11 to 20% of 3772 quarters. By classifying color score
      2 as negative, predictability of a positive result was 70 to 75% and sensitivity
      was 26 to 30%. The test can be used by dairy producers to screen herds with a
      relatively high incidence of mastitis or used in combination with cow cell counts
      to locate abnormal quarters. The bromothymol blue test was less sensitive than
      the California Mastitis Test but offered several practical advantages for use on
      farm.

PMID- 3842866
TI  - Environmental and genetic sources of variation for seminal quality in mature
      Holstein bulls.
AB  - Various environmental and genetic factors that influence seminal quality were
      evaluated for 149 Holstein bulls used extensively in nine artificial insemination
      organizations (studs). These bulls were sons of 16 sires. Seminal quality was
      measured by percent progressive motility immediately postthaw and after
      incubation at 3 h, 37 degrees C, percent intact acrosomal membrane after
      incubation at 3 h 37 degrees C, and percent primary and secondary abnormalities.
      Semen was thawed at 37 and 24 degrees C. Spermatozoal concentration was counted
      with a hemocytometer. Bull age and season of collection were determined.
      Interaction of stud X thaw existed for both motility assessments and intact
      acrosomes, but 37 degrees C thaw resulted in higher motility and acrosomal
      integrity across all studs. Motility at zero hour was affected by season.
      Secondary abnormalities were influenced by season and stud X season. Interaction
      of thaw X season existed for incubated motility, which also was influenced by
      concentration and age. Age influenced secondary abnormalities. Heritabilities and
      repeatabilities (%) were .21, 44; .40, 34; .81, 74; and .31, 50 for 0-h motility,
      intact acrosomes, primary abnormalities, and secondary abnormalities. Genetic
      correlations were 0-h motility with acrosomal integrity and primary and secondary
      abnormalities, .88, -.70, -.93; acrosomal integrity with primary and secondary
      abnormalities, -.90, -.05; primary with secondary abnormalities, -.12. Selection
      for semen quality could improve fertility of bulls.

PMID- 3842867
TI  - Whole milk extender with antibiotics to eliminate Campylobacter fetus from frozen
      bovine semen.
AB  - Fresh bovine semen was contaminated with five strains of Campylobacter fetus at
      10(5) to 10(6) organisms per ml of semen. The contaminated semen was processed to
      contain 500 units of polymyxin B, 500 units of penicillin G, and 1000 micrograms
      of streptomycin sulfate per ml, incubated at 35 degrees C for 10 min, and added
      then to whole milk extender with like units of antibiotics for further
      processing. Both a low and high initial sperm count requiring extension rates 1:7
      and 1:39 were studied. Specimens for bacterial viability were processed for
      culture prior to adding bacteria, 100 min after initial antibiotic treatment,
      prior to freezing, and after thawed semen was centrifuged and washed to remove
      extender and antibiotic residue. All strains of Campylobacter fetus were not
      viable 6 h postantibiotic treatment prior to freezing. All nonantibiotic treated
      controls were viable after thawing and washing. Removal of antibiotics from
      thawed semen by centrifugation and washing indicated that antibiotics had
      bactericidal rather than only bacteriostatic activities against Campylobacter
      fetus.

PMID- 3842868
TI  - Effect of sire of fetus on subsequent 90-day production of the Holstein dam.
AB  - Data on calving ease and 90-day milk, fat, protein, fat percent, and protein
      percent were available on 8,817 Holstein cows enrolled in the Quebec Dairy Herd
      Analysis Service. These observations were distributed in 802 herds, and they
      represented 124 service sires. Estimates of the variance components associated
      with the service sire (sire of fetus) were obtained by Minimum Norm Quadratic
      Unbiased Estimation procedures. Two models were fitted; one model included herd,
      month of calving, age of cow, and sire of cow as fixed effects and service sire
      and residual as random effects, whereas a second model included calving ease as
      an additional fixed effect. Variance components and percentages of variance
      accounted for by service sire were similar under both models. Proportions of
      variance accounted for by service sire were 1.1, .3, .5, .2, and .3% for 90-day
      milk, fat, protein, fat percent, and protein percent.

PMID- 3842869
TI  - Mounting behavior as affected by stage of estrous cycle in Holstein heifers.
AB  - Nine Holstein heifers whose estrous cycles were synchronized were observed during
      three subsequent consecutive cycles. Observations of heifers during each
      periestrus period began when the first heifer reached day 15 of an estrous cycle
      and ended 36 h after onset of estrus for the ninth heifer. There were 118 1-h
      observations at 6-h intervals during the three periestrus periods. Estrous cycles
      were divided into postestrual, luteal, preestrual, and estrual stages by blood
      progesterone profiles and estrus. Heifers of these four stages accounted for
      27.5, 48.3, 15.4, and 8.8% of heifers available to mount during the 118
      observations, and heifers of each stage made 9.0, 5.2, 18.9, and 66.9% of
      attempted mounts. When number of heifers in estrus simultaneously increased from
      one to five, total attempted mounts and stands per hour increased from 10.1 to
      63.5 and from 4.5 to 48.5. Stands per heifer per hour increased significantly as
      number of heifers in estrus increased from one to two and tended to increase as
      number in estrus increased further. Presence of one preestrual heifer in a group
      containing one estrual heifer increased total stands per hour from 2.3 to 5.0.
      Efficiency of detection of estrus may depend on proportion of animals within
      estrous cycle stages that have highest mounting activity.

PMID- 3842870
TI  - Utilization of chopped and long alfalfa by dairy heifers.
AB  - Two physical forms of alfalfa hay, chopped and long, were fed at maintenance and
      for ad libitum consumption to dairy heifers to determine effects upon
      digestibility and energy utilization. Ad libitum intake was associated with lower
      digestibility of dry matter (56 versus 58%), neutral detergent fiber (45 versus
      58%), and acid detergent fiber (45 versus 52%). Energy balance was 1.77 Mcal/day
      at ad libitum versus .08 Mcal/day at maintenance. Dry matter intake was similar
      for chopped (5.4 kg/day) versus long alfalfa (5.5 kg/day). Digestibilities of dry
      matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and cellulose were 7 to 10
      percentage units lower when heifers were fed the chopped alfalfa. Metabolizable
      energy intake generally reflected digestible energy intake, which was about 2
      Mcal/day less for heifers consuming chopped alfalfa. Heat production was similar
      for the two physical forms. Consequently, heifers consuming chopped alfalfa had
      lower energy balance. Reducing particle size of the alfalfa resulted in lower dry
      matter and energy digestibility, presumably because of increased rate of passage.
      Increased intake to compensate for depressed energy utilization of the chopped
      alfalfa did not occur; effects upon animal gain could not be assessed.

PMID- 3842871
TI  - Selecting mating pairs with linear programming techniques.
AB  - Mate selection can increase progency merit if overall merit is nonlinear for one
      or more component traits. An index of expected progeny merit could be calculated
      for all possible mating pairs, and the set of pairs with the highest progeny mean
      could be selected. There are serious computational problems for more than a few
      males and females. To select and mate f, females, and m, males, from n of each,
      with k0 females per male, would require (nf)(nm)f!/(k0!)m evaluations. Linear
      programming algorithms can determine the optimal strategy efficiently by
      considering only a subset of these possibilities. Let pi ij be the index of
      progency merit of the ith sire mated to the jth dam and Xij be the decision
      variable for that mating (restricted to 0 or 1). Then the problem of selecting
      mating pairs can be stated as: maximize sigma i sigma j pi ij Xij, subject to
      sigma i Xij less than or equal to 1, sigma j Xij less than or equal to k0, sigma
      i sigma j Xij = f, and Xij = 0 or 1. By including an artificial sire and an
      artificial dam and choosing appropriate merit values for the artificial matings,
      this problem can be solved by efficient "transportation" algorithms. These
      algorithms could be used to develop rational mating packages for dairy artificial
      insemination studs provided that an objective evaluation of progeny merit could
      be formulated, provided that merit is not simply additively inherited.

PMID- 3842872
TI  - Prediction of transmitting ability of heifers from genetic evaluations of dams
      when dams and herdmates are required to have a first record.
AB  - Estimated transmitting ability for milk production calculated from only first
      lactation records was regressed on milk proofs of the sire and maternal grandsire
      and either estimated transmitting ability of the dam calculated from only first
      lactations or estimated transmitting ability of the dam calculated from all
      lactations of a data set in which all cows were required to have milk records of
      first lactation. Records of 222,576 Holstein heifers in the northeastern United
      States were analyzed. Partial regression coefficients were similar to those from
      reports in which all records in the data file were used to estimate transmitting
      abilities. The partial regression coefficient for estimated transmitting ability
      of the dam from all lactation records (.17) was smaller than the approximate
      theoretical regression coefficient (.70). The partial regression coefficient for
      estimated transmitting ability of the dam calculated from first records (.72) was
      similar to the approximate theoretical regression coefficient (.80).

PMID- 3842873
TI  - Sire and sire-feeding regimen interaction effects on lactation, growth, and
      carcass traits in dairy cattle.
AB  - Data from the University of Illinois dairy herd were used to estimate
      heritabilities of lactation yield, growth rate, and carcass traits and genetic
      correlations among them and to evaluate the importance of sire and of interaction
      of sire with feeding regimen for these traits. Heritabilities for lactation,
      growth, and carcass traits were small or moderate. Genetic correlations of
      lactation with carcass traits were moderate negative or large positive. Genetic
      correlations of estimated average daily gain with lactation and carcass traits
      could not be estimated. Variance for interaction of sire with feeding was large
      relative to sire variance for estimated average daily gain. Similarly, variance
      for interaction of sire with feeding regimen was large for back fat thickness,
      chilled carcass weight, dressing percentage, maturity score, and yield grade.
      Interaction of sire with feeding should be considered in genetic studies or in
      sire evaluation for some carcass traits and average daily gain.

PMID- 3842874
TI  - The effects of linguistic complexity on children's and adults' motor programming
      of speech.

PMID- 3842875
TI  - Perception of silent pauses in continuous speech.

PMID- 3842876
TI  - Effects of status and solidarity on familiarity in written communication.

PMID- 3842877
TI  - [Proceedings of the German Surgical Society. 102d session, 10-13 April 1985].

PMID- 3842878
TI  - Evaluation of child life intervention in emergency department suturing.
AB  - The effects of stress-reducing intervention in emergency department suturing were
      evaluated by comparing children receiving intervention from child life staff,
      with two control groups who did not receive intervention, control A at a
      pediatric hospital and control B at a general hospital. The following measures
      were obtained: observable anxiety during the procedure; the child's self-report
      of anxiety, self-report of pain, postemergency visit behavior, and anxiety about
      a return visit; the parent's overall rating of satisfaction with care given and
      the parent's feelings of anxiety. Children and parents in the intervention group
      received emotional support and information concerning the medical procedure, and
      were taught appropriate coping strategies. Measures were obtained across three
      age groups (four to six years, seven to 10 years, 11 to 14 years) divided by sex;
      site of cut (face or body), and extent of injury (five or fewer sutures, six or
      more sutures). Intervention had its greatest influence on 11- to 14-year-olds
      with a facial injury requiring six or more sutures. Children in the intervention
      group expressed fewer fears than children in the general hospital control group.
      Parents of children who received intervention reported a significantly higher
      degree of satisfaction with the overall care given in the emergency department.

PMID- 3842880
TI  - Survey of childhood burns in Hawaii.
AB  - A review of 247 pediatric emergency charts and 80 pediatric impatient charts was
      performed over a three-year period at a tertiary care children's hospital in
      Honolulu. The purpose of this review was to examine the causes of childhood burns
      in Hawaii in order to develop guidelines for anticipatory guidance regarding burn
      prevention. Most burns occurred in the 0.8- to 3.0-year age group. Over one half
      of these burns were caused by tap water. Medicaid patients were more likely to be
      admitted to the hospital than nonMedicaid patients. Severe burns were mainly the
      result of scalds, fire, or contact with heating appliances. Burn severity and the
      causes of burns did not vary significantly with sex or ethnic or economic status.
      A burn prevention program which adequately addresses the unique cultural and
      climatic differences of this community, based on the data obtained, is described.

PMID- 3842879
TI  - Review of multiple traumatic injuries in an urban pediatric population.
AB  - In an urban children's hospital setting, 95 consecutive multiple trauma
      admissions over a five-year period were classified by the Modified Injury
      Severity Scale (MISS) system. As previously designed, the MISS represents a
      numerical consolidation of the Abbreviated Injury Scale and Glasgow Coma Scale.
      Our data support the accuracy of the MISS scoring in predicting the outcome of
      the injured child. Detailed examination of our experience with hepatic (n = 33),
      splenic (n = 13), and renal (n = 38) injuries, in light of recent developments,
      reaffirms the efficacy of selective, conservative (nonoperative) management in
      the majority of abdominal solid organ injuries in children. A brief epidemiologic
      review of urban pediatric trauma follows.

PMID- 3842881
TI  - Orthostatic heart rate and arterial blood pressure changes in normovolemic
      children.
AB  - Orthostatic heart rate and blood pressure changes were determined in 112
      normovolemic children from two to 12 years of age. In normal children, two to
      eight years of age, and nine to 12 years of age, the heart rate may increase as
      much as 30 and 40 beats per minute, respectively, upon standing. The orthostatic
      systolic blood pressure change is independent of age and may, in normal children,
      fall as much as 27 mm Hg. The orthostatic diastolic blood pressure change, as
      determined by the fourth or fifth Korotkoff sounds, showed great variability, and
      probably will not be useful in the assessment of a child's intravascular volume
      status. Orthostatic changes in heart rate and blood pressure, within the above
      limits, cannot be used as evidence of hypovolemia, since these changes can occur
      in normovolemic children.

PMID- 3842882
TI  - Fever in infants less than two months of age: spectrum of disease and predictors
      of outcome.
AB  - Four hundred thirty-four febrile infants two months of age or younger were
      evaluated in the emergency departments of five major teaching hospitals over a
      one-year period. A culture-proven bacterial infection was present in 3.5% of the
      infants; bacteremia was detected in 3.3%. Bacterial meningitis was present in
      2.4%, and aseptic meningitis was noted in 13.4%. Twenty-one percent had
      clinically apparent serious disease including pneumonia, otitis media, and
      gastroenteritis with dehydration. Six variables (age less than 1 month, lethargy,
      no contact with an ill individual, breast-feeding, total polymorphonuclear
      greater than or equal to 10,000/mm3 and band count greater than or equal to
      500/mm3) were correlated with bacterial infection by step-wise discriminant
      analysis. However, these findings were neither sensitive nor specific enough to
      be clinically useful. Management varied, and 62% of the infants were
      hospitalized. Fifty-four percent, some of whom were managed as outpatients,
      received antibiotics. Febrile infants two months of age or younger require a
      comprehensive emergency department assessment, including appropriate laboratory
      studies (CBC, differential, urinalysis and culture, lumbar puncture, and blood
      culture), since 3.5% have bacterial infection that may be life-threatening.
      Hospitalization is warranted if the infant appears ill, laboratory studies
      indicate serious infection, or follow-up care is uncertain.

PMID- 3842883
TI  - Chewer's cheeks: a case of bilateral temporal muscle swelling.

PMID- 3842884
TI  - Massive fatal ventricular septal defect due to nonpenetrating chest trauma in a
      six-year-old boy: the role of early invasive monitoring in an evolving lesion.
AB  - Isolated ventricular septal defects due to nonpenetrating chest trauma are
      unusual lesions in adults and very rare in children. A review of the literature
      and of the natural course of traumatic ventricular septal defects is discussed,
      with emphasis on the evolving course and frequent late appearance of this lesion.
      Surgical closure is the treatment of choice, most often performed electively
      following medical treatment. Defects resulting in progressive severe congestive
      heart failure must be repaired emergently. The key to successful outcome is early
      suspicion of such a defect in the presence of heart failure following a period of
      relative cardiovascular stability. Anticipation of evolving myocardial
      dysfunction in the presence of seemingly minor chest wall injury and nonspecific
      electrocardiographic changes is emphasized. A case of a fatal traumatic
      ventricular septal defect is presented. The importance of early invasive
      monitoring with proper interpretation of hemodynamic data is discussed.

PMID- 3842885
TI  - Adverse effects of racemic epinephrine in epiglottitis.
AB  - Acute epiglottitis, a potentially fatal disease, may be difficult to diagnose if
      the presentation is atypical. We present three such patients who were initially
      diagnosed as acute laryngotracheitis. They deteriorated rapidly after
      administration of racemic epinephrine via nebulizer. We caution that: diagnosis
      of acute epiglottitis should be considered in similar patients; and appropriate
      precautions must be taken prior to visualization of the airway.

PMID- 3842886
TI  - Skin conditions simulating child abuse.
AB  - Knowledge of the cutaneous manifestations of child abuse is critical to the
      accurate identification and reporting of abusive injuries. Physicians must also
      be aware of cutaneous abnormalities which mimic abusive injuries in order to
      avoid unnecessary reporting of abuse. We report two children with cutaneous
      abnormalities which mimicked child abuse and review other skin conditions
      reported in the literature which have been mistaken for child abuse.

PMID- 3842887
TI  - Pediatric trauma: an approach to the injured child.
AB  - The approach to the injured child requires great care and clinical acumen to
      establish the diagnosis and institute appropriate treatment. Loss of life from
      occult internal hemorrhage or neurologic sequelae from a missed unstable cervical
      spine injury may be devastating. Yet, physicians in the ED must also know which
      children need only a careful physical examination, and when laboratory testing or
      admission is unnecessary. We have described a schema for providing appropriate
      care to children with trauma in such a way that specific issues about management
      can be reasonably approached by the emergency physician.

PMID- 3842888
TI  - The septic-appearing infant.

PMID- 3842889
TI  - Treating minors without their parents.
AB  - Minors frequently present to the ED for treatment without their legal guardians.
      In most such situations, it is best to contact the parents to obtain consent for
      treatment and to inform them about their child's problem. However, in some
      emergency situations or problems involving adolescent health, it may be
      impractical or damaging to contact the parents. In these situations, the law is
      sufficiently vague to protect the well-meaning physician who gives care to
      consenting minors for their own benefit. Of course, if problems result from the
      care which is rendered, the usual malpractice law will apply, and the physician
      will try to demonstrate that his treatment fit into one of the legal exceptions
      to the general rule.

PMID- 3842890
TI  - The telephone in pediatric emergency medicine.

PMID- 3842891
TI  - Anticholinesterase toxins.

PMID- 3842892
TI  - Development of a macromolecular vaccine against experimental chlamydiosis and
      berberine--a new anti-trachoma agent.

PMID- 3842893
TI  - [Tests of visual function in the Third World in a rural environment and an
      illiterate population].

PMID- 3842894
TI  - [Glaucoma, a current major problem among the causes of blindness in Syria
      (retrospective survey)].

PMID- 3842895
TI  - The significance of specific serum IgA antibodies in the diagnosis of primary,
      recurrent and persistent viral and chlamydial infections.

PMID- 3842896
TI  - [Knowledge and action in the global epidemiologic context of human chlamydioses.
      Thoughts and suggestions for surveillance in an endemic trachomatous
      environment].

PMID- 3842897
TI  - [Effect of oral doxycycline and 1% tetracycline ointment in the treatment of
      severe trachoma].

PMID- 3842898
TI  - [Trachoma in Mauritania (March 1984)].

PMID- 3842899
TI  - [Incidence of Bitot's spot without protein-calorie malnutrition in the children
      of a Mauritanian village (Bareina-Trarza)].

PMID- 3842900
TI  - [Aspects and practice of ophthalmology in the Department of Tahua, Nigeria].

PMID- 3842901
TI  - [Survey of ocular onchocerciasis in 12 villages of North Cameroon (January
      1983)].

PMID- 3842902
TI  - [Data of an initial survey on ocular onchocerciasis in the Central African
      Republic (March 1984)].

PMID- 3842904
TI  - [16th Yugoslavian Surgical Congress. Part II. Zagreb, 23-26 April 1984.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3842903
TI  - [16th Yugoslavian Surgical Congress. Part I. Zagreb, 23-26 April 1984.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3842905
TI  - [Use of the balloon catheter in "difficult" occlusion of the calcified sub-renal
      aorta].

PMID- 3842906
TI  - [Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland: description of a clinical case].

PMID- 3842908
TI  - [A case of bizarre leiomyoma of the duodenum].

PMID- 3842907
TI  - [Cancer of the thyroid in the young. A contribution to the discussion on
      therapeutic choice].

PMID- 3842909
TI  - [Cancer of the gastric stump: our experience].

PMID- 3842910
TI  - [Organic stenosis of the esophagus in scleroderma: diagnostic and therapeutic
      aspects of a clinical case].

PMID- 3842911
TI  - [Importance of the physico-chemical characteristics of suture threads in so
      called risk sutures. An experimental study].

PMID- 3842912
TI  - The institute's researchers representation in the Sistema Nacional de
      Investigadores.

PMID- 3842913
TI  - Electrophysiological evidence of "relaxation behavior" during suckling in
      lactating female cats.

PMID- 3842914
TI  - Effects of diazepam and methocarbamol on EEG signs of "relaxation behavior"
      induced by milk slurping in cats.

PMID- 3842915
TI  - Modifications of serum lipoprotein cholesterol with Guatteria gaumeri.

PMID- 3842916
TI  - Congenital hemolytic anemia with Heinz bodies due to unstable hemoglobin. First
      report in Mexico.

PMID- 3842917
TI  - Hepatic glycogenolysis produced by intraperitoneal administration of total
      extract of Tecoma stans in rats.

PMID- 3842918
TI  - HLA and nephropathies in Mexican mestizo people.

PMID- 3842919
TI  - Presence of antiamebic antibodies in secretions from ileum, colon and feces in
      patients with amebic hepatic abscess.

PMID- 3842920
TI  - Effects of praziquantel on the motility of Cysticercus pisiformis. A comparative
      study with anthelmintic compounds.

PMID- 3842921
TI  - Hypoglycemic activity in male rats of bicyclo (3, 1, 0) hexane-6-carboxylic acid
      derivatives.

PMID- 3842922
TI  - [Preparation and nutritional characteristics of a hydrolysate from pepitona (Arca
      zebra)].
AB  - Two soluble products resulting from the hydrolysis of pepitona (Arca zebra) were
      prepared as flour. Papain at its optimum hydrolysis conditions, previously
      established, was the enzyme used (40 degrees C for two hours at a pH of 7 in the
      proportion of 0.3% weight/enzyme/100 g meat). The hydrolysate obtained was then
      subjected to two different dehydration techniques: drum drying at 121 degrees C
      and 18 seconds retention, and spray drying at 101 degrees C and 40 psi pressure.
      The products were then stored for a five-month period at a temperature of 25
      degrees C +/- 2 degrees C, time during which chemical determinations were
      performed in both hydrolysates. Findings showed that the time of storage does
      exert a significant effect of deterioration on the products. The greater and more
      significant quality losses occur during the first two months. The dehydration
      techniques used also affect significantly the soluble nitrogen content, and non
      protein nitrogen and soluble solids content, as well as color of pepitona
      hydrolysates. Spray-drying dehydration technique does not have a significant
      deteriorating effect. Biological studies undertaken demonstrated that the quality
      of both hydrolysates is satisfactory from the nutritional and amino acid
      composition points of view. A protein efficiency ratio (PER) of 2.27 and 2.29 was
      determined for the hydrolysate dehydrated by drum drier and for the dehydrated by
      spray drier, respectively. With regard to amino acid composition, both had
      satisfactory levels of essential amino acids, with a lysine content of 6.9 g/100
      g protein for the hydrolysate dehydrated by drum drying, and 8.6 g/100 g protein
      for the other hydrolysate dehydrated by spray drying.

PMID- 3842923
TI  - [Typical dishes consumed in Sonora: regionalization and nutrient contribution].
AB  - This study deals with the development of a method to identify typical food
      dishes, successfully applied in the State of Sonora, Mexico. The State was
      divided into six regions considering the size of the territory and existence of
      different physical, economic and sociocultural conditions, and how they influence
      the consumption patterns. A list of 66 regional food dishes was prepared by
      interviewing housewives from different parts of Sonora who now lived in the city
      of Hermosillo. From this list, 47 dishes were identified as regionally consumed,
      and a State-wide survey was performed to determine their frequency of
      consumption. Based on the categories of "very frequently", "frequently" and "less
      frequently", a group of 15 dishes (2 per region, plus 3 dishes throughout the
      State) was selected. A questionnaire was used to obtain the different ways they
      had of preparing them. The "typical recipe" for each dish was also determined,
      using the mode as statistical parameter. Samples of these food dishes were
      prepared at the laboratory following the selected home recipes for proximal
      analysis and determination of their vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin,
      calcium, phosphorus and iron content. The results showed that a portion of
      "gallina pinta" contributed more than 25% of the daily recommended intake
      established by the National Institute of Nutrition "Salvador Zubiran" (INNSZ) for
      an adult man for energy, protein, iron, niacin and 24.3% thiamine and 21.0%
      calcium. The "chivichangas de queso", for example, contributed 45.2% of the
      calcium requirement, and the "tamales de carne", 36% iron.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3842925
TI  - Milling procedures and air classification of amaranth flours.
AB  - The different milling characteristics of Amaranthus cruentus, a domestic variety
      prevailing in Mexico, selected as representative sample, are herein discussed.
      This was subjected to proximate analysis, which confirmed its good quality.
      Milling trials were carried out for the preparation of whole flour by means of
      conventional mills and by combining some of these with the Raymond and Alpine
      separators for air classification. Results were then compared to those obtained
      with a Strong-Scott pearler. Grits and bran contained the highest protein
      concentration. After comparing overall results, it may be concluded that the best
      operating conditions are the following: a) seed pearling using five passes, in a
      pearler, with variable yields of approximately 22% containing 36% protein, and b)
      combining the Miag mill and Raymond air separator, with variable yields of
      approximately 32% and a protein content of 30-36%. Proximate analysis of the
      fractions as well as farinographic and amylographic characteristics--different
      from those of whole wheat and amaranth flours--suggest their use in the
      preparation of nutritionally-enriched food products.

PMID- 3842924
TI  - Effect of heat treatment and milling on the seed, flour, rheology and baking
      quality of some amaranth ecotypes.
AB  - Forty-five harvests corresponding to the two predominating domestic species of
      amaranth in Mexico were studied. The proximate analysis revealed some
      statistically significant differences throughout three years of observation. The
      Ca, P and Fe content did not vary greatly in 15 samples. No chemical differences
      were either manifested in the Mercado and Aztec types of A. hypochondriacus, nor
      in the Mexican type of A. cruentus. The latter exhibits a higher grain yield and
      a shorter life cycle; however, its baking quality is apparently inferior to that
      of the Mercado type of A. hypochondriacus. The heat treatment of the seeds
      (toasting, popping and cooking) affected protein and lysine contents as does in
      cereals and leguminous seeds although toasting in particular improves its sensory
      characteristics without altering digestibility and PER. Popping only improves
      PER. Heating at 90 or 170 degrees C for three to five minutes, at the usual
      seed's moisture rate of 6 to 15%, does not affect protein content and does so
      only slightly in the case of the fatty acids content. Amylographic and
      farinographic values of the starchy fractions indicate similarities to C. quinoa
      and differences with respect to wheat. In the case of "amaranth milk", viscosity
      and gelatinization temperature produced satisfactory values. The extension of
      amaranth cultivation in the country is hereby suggested in view of the seed's
      nutritional quality, and considering the behavior of whole amaranth flour and its
      fractions.

PMID- 3842926
TI  - [Sensory evaluation of quality and quality differences in slaughtered chickens].
AB  - A study was carried out with a trained panel for the purpose of determining if
      modifications produced in slaughtered chickens during the storage period, caused
      significant organoleptic differences, detectable by the consumer. The products
      examined corresponded to chickens slaughtered on three consecutive days, stored
      at 2 degrees C until their evaluation. Qualitative aspects in the raw product
      were investigated by a score test in which optimum quality is 13 points, as
      follows: for color (range 3), general appearance (range 5), and presence of
      defects (range 5). The values obtained were then analyzed through variance and
      Duncan multiple range test. Simultaneously, taste changes were estimated in fatty
      and meager meat by the triangular test. Homogeneity between judgements of panel
      members on both types of meat was statistically established (P = 0.05). The
      results obtained indicate that at the 0.1% level of significance, two products
      were identical; a third one proved to be different and of a significantly higher
      quality at the 5% level. The degree of difference, from slight to moderate, was
      due to flavor.

PMID- 3842927
TI  - [Evaluation of the starch fraction in corn products consumed regionally].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate through conventional analytical
      procedures, the degree of modification of the starch fraction of regional
      products based on corn, such as grits, flours, precooked grits, flakes, precooked
      flour, "frangollo" and "locrillo." Based on the interpretation of changes in the
      starch fraction, the following conclusions are reached. Corn grits, flours,
      "frangollo" and "locrillo" are raw corn products subjected to physical processes
      such as shelling, degermination and size reduction. They do not show changes in
      their physicochemical characteristics. Precooked grits present certain structural
      modification (among others, changes in their rheologic behavior) and partial
      molecular change (among others, changes in the insoluble carbohydrate fraction),
      indicating that they have been subjected to processes wherein factors such as
      temperature, moisture and/or pressure intervene. Corn flakes and precooked flours
      show a high enzyme digestibility and a high degree of change in their functional
      properties (mainly, in regard to solubility, absorption and viscosity). These
      changes indicate modification at granular and molecular level.

PMID- 3842928
TI  - [Evaluation of a device to measure the hardness of the bean grain (Phaseolus
      vulgaris) and its use in the determination of cooking time].
AB  - A simple equipment named DUR-INCAP was developed to study the factors responsible
      for the hard-to-cook beans and for other purposes related to this problem. The
      instrument measures objectively the hardness of individual beans, expressing the
      result as gram-force. The document describes the equipment. As a first step in
      establishing the usefulness of the equipment, a study using four white, four
      black and four red-colored beans, purchased in the market, was undertaken.
      Likewise, a black bean (Tamazulapa) harvested in January, 1983, and stored for
      one year at 5 degrees and 25 degrees C, and the same cultivar harvested in
      January, 1984, were also used. All beans were cooked in boiling water (95 degrees
      C) at atmospheric pressure for 30, 60, 100, 140 and 180 min. At each cooking
      time, a sample was withdrawn and its hardness measured individually on 25
      kernels, with the DUR-INCAP. With the help of experienced persons in cooking, the
      hardness at each cooking time was classified into soft cooked beans (less than
      100 g-force), medium (between 100-200 g-force) and hard (above 200 g-force).
      Results were as follows: white and black beans reached softness at 140 min of
      cooking, with the exception of one black sample which required 180 min. Two of
      the four red beans required 180 min, and the other two, needed 40 additional min.
      The effects of storage time and temperature on hardness became evident in the
      study with the black bean Tamazulapa. The sample stored for one year at 25
      degrees C needed 140 min cooking time, while the sample stored at 5 degrees C and
      the one harvested in January, 1984, required 100 min. These initial results
      suggest that the DUR-INCAP instrument may be useful for the study of the hard-to
      cook bean problem; however, additional analyses are required.

PMID- 3842929
TI  - [Determination of processing conditions for obtaining a pepitona (Arca zebra)
      hydrolysate for human consumption].
AB  - For the purpose of obtaining two protein hydrolysates from peptiona (Arca zebra),
      to be used as nutritional ingredients in accepted food items destined for human
      consumption, the enzymes bromelain and papain were studied. The effect of adding
      each of these proteases, on the rate of hydrolysis and conversion extent of
      insoluble pepitona protein to soluble nitrogen, were examined. Distilled water
      was added to the raw material to give a 2:1 ratio of solvent to pepitona, and
      mixed to produce a slurry at a pH of 6.4-6.5, with a total nitrogen value of
      0.97% (w/v). Optimum conditions of hydrolysis were found to be two hours at 40
      degrees C for both enzymes, at a pH of 7 and 0.3 g enzyme/100 g pepitona for
      papain, and a 0.2 g enzyme/100 g pepitona at pH 6.4 normally found in pepitona in
      the case of bromelain.

PMID- 3842930
TI  - [Functional properties and possible uses of a hydrolysate of pepitona (Arca
      zebra) in the preparation of foods].
AB  - The present study revealed that the drum-drying and spray-drying procedures used
      on the pepitona (Arca zebra) hydrolysate, as well as the storage time, exert a
      deteriorative significant effect on the functional properties of both
      hydrolysates. The greatest and more significant losses of the majority of such
      properties occur during the first two months of storage period. Thus, in the case
      of foaming capacity, losses ranging from 17% to 34% were detected in the drum
      dried hydrolysate, and of 38% to 49% in the hydrolysate dehydrated using a spray
      drier, during the first two months of storage. The emulsifying capacity was also
      altered in 14% of the hydrolysate dehydrated in a drum drier, and in 25% of the
      hydrolysate dehydrated using a spray drier. Sensory evaluation tests demonstrated
      the potential of both hydrolysates for use as supplements of conventional foods
      such as cookies and extruded products.

PMID- 3842931
TI  - Development of an enzymatic fish hydrolysate and its use in instant soup bases.
AB  - The successful conservation of fish products, at low costs, is a subject of
      special interest in the developing countries. Conscious of this fact, our group
      has been studying several fish conservation methods, such as autolysis with high
      salt concentrations, and has obtained a sauce of high nutritive value and long
      shelf life. Nevertheless, the reaction process takes from four to six months. In
      the study herein reported, the hydrolysis was accelerated and controlled by using
      the following enzymes: papain, HT proteolytic, and Brew (N) zyme. The hydrolysate
      was then mixed with cereals to prepare instant soups. As results indicated, the
      best hydrolysate was obtained with Brew (N) zyme at 50 degrees C and 8.30 hours.
      This hydrolysate contains 93.0 g/100 g crude protein with a protein efficiency
      ratio (PER) and a net protein utilization (NPU) of 60% that of casein's NPU as
      well as a content of 0.8% ether extract. The lowest-cost mixtures with the
      highest nutritive value were: hydrolysate-wheat-soymeal, and hydrolysate-rice
      soymeal, with 38.3 and 29.7 protein per 100 g of mixture, respectively, and a NPU
      of 79.0 and 79.8% in relation to casein, respectively. The soups prepared had a
      satisfactory acceptance rating. There were no significant differences in flavor
      and aroma at a confidence level of 95%. The cost per gram of protein is about US$
      0.22 per kg.

PMID- 3842932
TI  - Studies on the development of infant foods from plant protein sources. Part III.
      Preparation, processing and properties of various products developed.
AB  - Studies have been carried out on the development of a low-cost, high-quality
      infant food of low paste viscosity from rice, chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and
      cow's milk. In order to improve the overall quality of the product, chickpea was
      processed by different methods prior to its incorporation. A number of
      formulations was prepared by mixing 52% rice, 30% each, the processed chickpea
      sample, and 18% whole milk powder. These mixtures were processed by extrusion
      cooking or drum drying. In the case of the extrusion cooking method, from the
      nutritional and technological points of view, it was found advantageous to
      incorporate milk powder after cooking a mixture of rice and chickpea. The values
      of net protein ratio (NPR) of the products developed, whether processed by
      extrusion cooking or drum-drying methods, were statistically equal, and not
      significantly different from those of casein. Supplementing the product with
      methionine and threonine showed no effect in improving the NPR value, suggesting
      that these amino acids were not limiting. There were slight differences in the
      digestibilities of proteins in the products developed and all were lower than
      that of casein. Depending on the processing method, differences were observed in
      paste viscosities of the products. After partial hydrolysis of the products with
      pounds amylase, both the cold and hot paste viscosities were greatly reduced and
      were comparable with those of whole milk powder. From the results herein
      reported, it can be concluded that the drum-dried product prepared using
      rice:chickpea (carbonate presoaked):milk (52:30:18) is the best of all the
      products developed. Its amino acid composition compares favorably with that of
      the milk proteins.

PMID- 3842933
TI  - Phenytoin teratogenicity and effects on embryonic and maternal folate metabolism
      [published errtum appears in Teratology 1986 Dec;34(3):487].
AB  - It has been postulated that the mechanism of teratogenicity of the anticonvulsant
      drug phenytoin (PHT), is via a deficiency of folic acid. To test this hypothesis,
      Swiss Webster mice were administered PHT in the diet prior to and throughout
      gestation. Animals received a daily dose of approximately 75 mg/kg body weight.
      The maternal plasma PHT levels were within the therapeutic range for this drug.
      This dose increased the incidence of malformations, primarily cleft palate, in
      the absence of embryolethality. There was a decrease in maternal plasma folate
      levels on day 12 of gestation but no effect on days 10 and 18. Even in the
      presence of a maternal folate deficiency on day 12, PHT had no effect on total
      embryonic folate levels on days 10, 12, and 14. Previous experiments have
      demonstrated that PHT decreases activity of the enzyme 5,10
      methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in the liver of nonpregnant Swiss Webster
      mice. Data from the current study indicate that this enzyme activity is also
      decreased in hepatic tissue of pregnant mice, but it is not altered in embryos on
      the days examined. These data show that a teratogenic dose of PHT affects
      maternal folate metabolism. However embryonic folate metabolism, when measured in
      total embryos, was not affected.

PMID- 3842934
TI  - [Short-term outcome of infants hospitalized for an attack of acute
      bronchiolitis].
AB  - The authors report the clinical, biological, radiological findings of 109 infants
      hospitalised for acute bronchiolitis. A prospective study was possible in 74 of
      them with an average of follow up of 18 months. After the admission, 31% were
      asymptomatic, 56% suffered at least one or several episode of wheezing, 13% have
      recurrent or chronic bronchopulmonary symptoms including cough and airway
      obstruction. Three points appeared determinant to predict recurrent wheezing: the
      rate of IgE, a familial history of atopy, and radiological pulmonary
      hyperexpansion. There was no statistic difference of evolution between the
      infants with wheezing at the admission and the others. The main prospective
      studies were analysed for discussion of the prognostic problems.

PMID- 3842935
TI  - [Clinical study on the measurement of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)--related
      antigen in SCC].
AB  - By using a RIA Kit for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen, extracted and
      purified this substance from liver metastasis of SCC of the uterine cervix, a
      fundamental and clinical study has been done. Based on the fundamental study, it
      was shown that this kit was useful clinically. High concentrations of serum SCC
      related antigen were observed in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, head and
      neck, and uterus. It was recognized that the measurement of serum SCC related
      antigen was useful in not only diagnosis, but also in the evaluation of
      effectiveness of therapy or prediction of recurrence. In particular, as there is
      a lack of reliable tumor markers in head and neck tumors, good results can be
      anticipated from the measurement of SCC related antigen in such cases.

PMID- 3842936
TI  - Anterior chamber cleavage syndrome or mesodermal dysgenesis of the iris and the
      cornea.

PMID- 3842937
TI  - Some details regarding intercapsular implantations.

PMID- 3842938
TI  - Evaluation of liquid silicone oil in retinal detachments.

PMID- 3842939
TI  - The empty sella.

PMID- 3842941
TI  - Intraocular foreign bodies and vitrectomy.

PMID- 3842940
TI  - Non-penetrating traumatic retinopathy.

PMID- 3842942
TI  - [Age at diagnosis and laterality of retinoblastoma].

PMID- 3842943
TI  - Occurrence of cystoid macular edema after Q switched Nd Y.A.G. laser capsulotomy.

PMID- 3842944
TI  - Fluorophotometry. Indications and technique.

PMID- 3842945
TI  - [Paravenous pigmented retinochoroidal atrophy. Apropos of 4 cases].

PMID- 3842946
TI  - The use of bifocals as alternative in the management of low grade myopia.

PMID- 3842947
TI  - Classification of visual impairment and disability.

PMID- 3842948
TI  - Some postoperative complications after anterior chamber lens implantations
      (A.C.L.).

PMID- 3842949
TI  - Meningeal carcinomatosis.

PMID- 3842950
TI  - Idiopathic preretinal fibrosis in young patient.

PMID- 3842951
TI  - Oedipism or self-inflicted enucleation.

PMID- 3842952
TI  - CMSS-VEP: contrast modulated steady state visual evoked potentials. A functional
      examination technique of the visual system.

PMID- 3842953
TI  - Modification by fluoangiography of colour vision in diabetic patients.

PMID- 3842954
TI  - Unilateral nasal hemianopia presenting sign of posttraumatic conversion neurosis.

PMID- 3842955
TI  - Automatic perimetry. A critical survey.

PMID- 3842956
TI  - Immune deficiency and necrotising retinopathy.

PMID- 3842957
TI  - Fluorophotometry in retinitis pigmentosa.

PMID- 3842959
TI  - [46th national congress of the Italian Cardiology Society. Rome, 10-14 December
      1985. Abstracts].

PMID- 3842960
TI  - FAO/WHO food additives data system. Evaluations by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert
      Committee on Food Additives, 1985.

PMID- 3842958
TI  - An unusual association of subacute sclerosing glomerulonephritis, pemphigus
      foliaceus and infiltration of the deep corneal layers.

PMID- 3842961
TI  - Evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in diffuse infiltrative lung diseases.

PMID- 3842962
TI  - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in endoscopically visible bronchogenic
      carcinoma.

PMID- 3842963
TI  - Respiratory allergies in a population of medical students in South India.

PMID- 3842964
TI  - An analysis of skin prick test reactions in asthmatic children in Bombay.

PMID- 3842965
TI  - Airway response to methacholine inhalation in asymptomatic male smokers.

PMID- 3842966
TI  - Functional and clinical significance of the bronchial collateral circulation.

PMID- 3842968
TI  - Developing pulmonary medicine (pulmonology) in India--a view point.

PMID- 3842967
TI  - Benign spontaneous pneumomediastinum.

PMID- 3842969
TI  - [Study on prevention of leprosy. 2. Chemo-prophylaxis trial for leprosy household
      contact children].

PMID- 3842970
TI  - Treatment of paucibacillary leprosy patients with dapsone and rifampicin.

PMID- 3842972
TI  - Pathogenesis of lesions in leprosy.

PMID- 3842971
TI  - Interpretation of formation mechanism of erythema nodosum in leprosy patients.

PMID- 3842973
TI  - [Prognosis of primary bladder tumors].

PMID- 3842974
TI  - [Association Francaise d'Urologie. 79th Session, Paris, 20-24 November 1985.
      Abstracts and reports].

PMID- 3842975
TI  - [Conservative treatment of bladder tumors].

PMID- 3842976
TI  - [Total cystectomy of infiltrating bladder tumors].

PMID- 3842977
TI  - Theophylline pharmacokinetics in spinal cord injury: a preliminary report.

PMID- 3842978
TI  - Demographic study of the veteran spinal cord injury populations.

PMID- 3842979
TI  - Urodynamics and management of the neuropathic bladder in spinal cord injury
      patients.

PMID- 3842981
TI  - Atelectasis in spinal cord injured people after initial medical stabilization.
AB  - Two hundred and forty-three spinal cord injured people were evaluated during 271
      consecutive admissions to a spinal cord injury service over four years. These
      patients all had received initial medical stabilization after spinal cord injury
      prior to admission. Atelectasis with or without apparent pulmonary infiltrate or
      pleural effusion was documented in six quadriplegics, all on the left side. Five
      out of the six had tracheostomies. Atelectasis occurred days to months after
      injury and initial medical stabilization. The patients often had symptoms and
      findings suggestive of other illnesses and may have had more invasive diagnostic
      and therapeutic procedures if the diagnosis of atelectasis was not provisionally
      made. Associated dyspnea delayed the rehabilitation of several patients. Response
      to vigorous pulmonary therapy and bronchoscopy, if necessary, was prompt, with
      complete resolution in less than 24 hours. The inability to clear secretions that
      caused this problem was responsible for recurrences in three patients. Preventive
      and therapeutic modalities such as assisted coughing, deep breathing, incentive
      spirometry, chest percussion, and suctioning, if necessary, should be practiced.
      Atelectasis may still occur after the original injury.

PMID- 3842980
TI  - Respirator-dependent quadriplegics: problems during the weaning period.
AB  - During a two-year period we admitted 13 respirator-dependent quadriplegic
      patients to the spinal cord injury service at Wood VAMC for weaning from a
      mechanical ventilator, and rehabilitation. The patients were sent to the Spinal
      Cord Injury Center because initial weaning attempts from the respirator at other
      medical centers were unsuccessful. We successfully weaned them from the
      respirator, and at the time of discharge, only two patients required an
      indwelling tracheostomy tube for suction. The time required for weaning off the
      respirator varied from two days to 14 months. Most of the patients were
      discharged and many of them could independently perform the activities of daily
      living. We conclude that are four main factors which influence the successful
      weaning of dependent quadriplegics from the mechanical ventilator: alleviation of
      patient's anxiety and depression; family support; close working relationship
      between staff; prevention of complications such as pneumonia and urinary tract
      infections.

PMID- 3842983
TI  - Annual report on findings of infectious agents in Japan 1984.

PMID- 3842982
TI  - Exploring user acceptance of a robotic arm: an aesthetic orientation.
AB  - An industrial robotic arm has been programmed for use by quadriplegics, as a
      personal assistant in a rehabilitative setting. This case study is an
      investigation of the acceptance of this device by disabled individuals who may be
      likely to use the robot in an actual home or work setting. The use and acceptance
      of assistive devices have been a significant problem in the utilization of these
      instruments. An assessment of attitudinal changes of selected quadriplegics in
      response to the presentation of two orientation programs on the use of a robotic
      arm was the focus of this project. One program included a discussion of aesthetic
      sequences of robotic movement, industrial design, and kinetic art. In contrast,
      the other program presented the "standard" introduction to the robotic arm which
      involves utilitarian sequences of robotic movement. A robotics questionnaire was
      administered to both groups before and after the treatment operations. A follow
      up study has been conducted. One of the subjects participating in the aesthetic
      treatment was part of this experiment which followed the posttest. The subject in
      the follow-up study was trained to use the Robotic Aid for utilitarian tasks. The
      questionnaire was readministered to this individual in a post-posttest. The whole
      study can be conceived of as series of investigations of the hypothesis that
      aesthetic movement of a robotic arm can affect an individual's attitude toward
      the acceptance and use of robots. As a piece of exploratory research, this case
      study does not reveal conclusive evidence to support the hypothesis.

PMID- 3842984
TI  - Processing biological data in real time.

PMID- 3842985
TI  - Computers and medical practice: old dreams and current realities.

PMID- 3842986
TI  - [Atypical form of malignant hyperthermia. Observation of a case caused by
      ketamine].

PMID- 3842987
TI  - [Screening for beta-thalassemia in a section of western Liguria].

PMID- 3842988
TI  - [Sedation with chloral hydrate in pediatric hospital practice].

PMID- 3842989
TI  - [Newborn infants of drug-dependent mothers. Relationship between neonatal
      pathology and degree of drug behavior during pregnancy (heroin)].

PMID- 3842990
TI  - [Camurati-Engelmann disease. Description of 2 related cases. Therapeutic approach
      with peridural anesthesia].

PMID- 3842991
TI  - [Autosomal dominant chondrodysplasia punctata with laryngo-tracheal
      calcification. Presentation of 2 cases].

PMID- 3842992
TI  - [The battered child syndrome].

PMID- 3842993
TI  - [New genetic variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Italy. Biochemical
      and metabolic characteristics].

PMID- 3842994
TI  - [Hb D Punjan in Northern Italy].

PMID- 3842995
TI  - [Fetal cytogenetic findings in the first trimester. Personal experience].

PMID- 3842996
TI  - [Fetal phenotypic aspects of trisomy 18. 9 cases diagnosed prenatally].

PMID- 3842997
TI  - [Prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis of a 69,XXX/46,XX fetus].

PMID- 3842998
TI  - [Monosomy 22pter-22q11.2 with monosomy 10q26.2-10qter without Di George
      syndrome].

PMID- 3842999
TI  - [Multiple myeloma in young adults].
AB  - Two unusual cases of multiple myeloma are studied. The patients were young (27
      and 36 year old respectively), and showed a slowly progressing disease and a poor
      response to therapy. This confirms the criterion that chemotherapy is only useful
      in symptomatic and progressive cases of multiple myeloma.

PMID- 3843000
TI  - [Present status of biological markers in oncology].

PMID- 3843001
TI  - Lack of effect of indomethacin on the growth of N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat
      mammary tumors.
AB  - Elevated prostaglandin levels have been previously reported in mammary tumors.
      This study was designed to determine if treatment with indomethacin, a
      prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, influenced the growth of N-nitrosomethylurea
      induced mammary tumors in Wistar rats. Indomethacin was given in drinking water
      to tumor-bearing rats, and rats consumed between 2.5 and 3.0 mg/kg body
      weight/day. Continuous p.o. administration of indomethacin during 4 weeks did not
      affect the rate of tumor growth as compared to the control group of untreated
      rats. It can be concluded that indomethacin lack of effect on N-nitrosomethylurea
      induced mammary tumors, and this may be due to a specific prostaglandin profile
      as compared with previous results using other experimental models.

PMID- 3843002
TI  - [Cancer disease as a health care problem in internal medicine].

PMID- 3843003
TI  - [Neuron-specific serum enolase in patients with non-tumor pathologies].
AB  - In this brief communication, the authors indicate that amounts of neuron-specific
      enolase higher than 30 ng/ml are observed only in 1% of non-tumoral processes,
      and that when found in patients with respiratory symptoms a microcytic carcinoma
      of the lung can be suspected in 97% of the cases.

PMID- 3843004
TI  - [Epidemiology of colorectal carcinoma in Cantabria].
AB  - Colorectal cancer is increasing due to both a real increase and a better
      diagnosis. More cases are seen in men than in women (ratio 1.45). The incidence
      increases with age, reaching the highest point at 75 years of age in men and at
      84 years of age in women. Before 50 years of age, the risk of colorectal cancer
      is higher in women; the contrary happens after this age. Colorectal cancer is
      localized in the rectum (47.5%), sigmoid flexure (25.3%) and coecum (8.1%).
      Synchronous colorectal carcinomas are seen in 2.3% of the patients, frequently
      coexisting with multiple adenomas, and show a tendency to be localized out of the
      rectum. A higher proportion of carcinomas localized in the descending colon and a
      diminution of rectum carcinomas are observed in men with increasing age, while in
      women the number of carcinomas of the ascending colon increases and that of the
      descending colon decreases. For the considered period (1970-81), a diminution of
      the ascending colon carcinomas has been registered.

PMID- 3843005
TI  - [In vitro studies of the effect of a pulsed electromagnetic field on normal and
      cancer cells].
AB  - The effect of an electromagnetic field of 100 Hz during 5 msec on HeLa, MMT and
      LMMB cell lines in vitro was investigated by means of videophotomicrography. An
      inhibition of cell growth of cancer cells was observed after the simultaneous
      action of light and electromagnetic field. The combined effect was also proved
      using plating efficiency tests.

PMID- 3843006
TI  - Immunological parameters in patients with gastric cancer at different clinical
      stages.
AB  - Lymphocyte subpopulations, cutaneous reactivity to tuberculin and distreptase,
      and immunoglobulin level were investigated in 32 untreated patients with gastric
      cancer at different stages of advancement and in healthy controls. Statistically
      significant decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes, accompanied by a deficient
      cutaneous reactivity, as well as a decrease in the number of B-lymphocytes and
      lowered A, G, and M immunoglobulin concentration were found in patients with
      grade III cancer.

PMID- 3843007
TI  - [The 1978 TNM system for cancer of the breast: proposal for a modification].
AB  - The authors study the 5 and 10 years survival of 1.058 cases of breast carcinoma
      treated between 1963 and 1981, classified according to the pTNM system. They
      suggest the convenience of eliminating some of the combinations in order to
      obtain a good correlation with prognostic criteria. The authors propose a
      modification of the TNM system with closer clinical significance.

PMID- 3843008
TI  - [Traumatic diabetes insipidus].

PMID- 3843009
TI  - [Thyrotoxic crisis is hypothyrotoxinemic shock].

PMID- 3843010
TI  - [A critical review of the Marcy operation for inguinal hernia in children].

PMID- 3843011
TI  - [Interrupted aortic arch--case report of a patient successfully operated on in
      adulthood].

PMID- 3843012
TI  - [Relation of aerobic and anaerobic infections in patients treated surgically for
      acute gallbladder diseases].

PMID- 3843013
TI  - [Esophageal leiomyosarcoma in a patient with synchronous renal carcinoma].

PMID- 3843014
TI  - [Plastic and reconstructive operations in individuals with a single kidney].

PMID- 3843015
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the splenic artery as a presenting symptom of
      fibromuscular dysplasia of the artery.

PMID- 3843016
TI  - [Oncocytoma of the kidney].

PMID- 3843017
TI  - [Acrylic cement-antibiotic mixtures in vivo: a scanning electron microscopic
      study with microanalysis].

PMID- 3843018
TI  - [Experimental study of the stresses induced by loading in the human femur].

PMID- 3843019
TI  - [Analysis of ground-foot interaction in the gait as an aid to the diagnosis and
      evaluation of therapeutic and rehabilitative procedures].

PMID- 3843020
TI  - [Embryogenesis of the Achilles-calcaneus-sole system].

PMID- 3843021
TI  - [Macroscopic anatomical study of the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament].

PMID- 3843022
TI  - [Vibrating nails].

PMID- 3843023
TI  - [Vibrating nails: instrumentation].

PMID- 3843024
TI  - [Results of a 4-year follow-up on the use of multiply contoured intramedullary
      nails in the treatment of diaphyseal fractures and pseudarthroses of the
      humerus].

PMID- 3843025
TI  - [Vibrating nails in fractures of the forearm].

PMID- 3843026
TI  - [Scaglietti's vibrating nails in the treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the
      humerus and femur].

PMID- 3843027
TI  - [Scaglietti's vibrating nails in metastatic humeral lesions].

PMID- 3843028
TI  - [Kuntscher-nail osteosynthesis in the surgical treatment of unstable inferior
      fractures of the tibia].

PMID- 3843029
TI  - [Use of the halo system in treating traumatic cervical lesions].

PMID- 3843030
TI  - [Our experience in treating dorsal and lumbar vertebral fractures].

PMID- 3843031
TI  - [Fractures of the proximal radial metaphysis in childhood].

PMID- 3843032
TI  - [Combined fracture-dislocations of the upper end of the radius and ulna].

PMID- 3843033
TI  - [Clinical picture and surgical treatment of pseudarthrosis of the carpal
      scaphoid].

PMID- 3843034
TI  - [Microsurgical treatment of ring finger lesions].

PMID- 3843035
TI  - [Isolated fracture of the 1st rib: etiopathogenesis and complications].

PMID- 3843037
TI  - [Comparison of the surgical and conservative treatments of fractures of the
      humeral diaphysis].

PMID- 3843036
TI  - [Osteoporosis and pelvic fractures].

PMID- 3843038
TI  - [Malleolar fractures and ligamentous lesions of the ankle joint].

PMID- 3843039
TI  - [Fracture-dislocations of the tarsometatarsal articulation].

PMID- 3843040
TI  - [Clinico-statistical notes on cuboid fractures].

PMID- 3843041
TI  - [Nursing of the patient in a coma caused by cranial injury].

PMID- 3843042
TI  - The treatment of Ewing's sarcoma.

PMID- 3843044
TI  - [Primary bone tumors of the spine: nosographic picture, epidemiology and
      pathological aspects].

PMID- 3843043
TI  - [Critical evaluation of the therapeutic results in Ewing's sarcoma].

PMID- 3843045
TI  - [Surgical treatment of neoplasms of the vertebral column].

PMID- 3843046
TI  - [Use of transpedicular biopsy in the diagnosis of vertebral tumors].

PMID- 3843047
TI  - [Vertebral osteoma eburneum: a discussion of 2 cases].

PMID- 3843048
TI  - [Surgical treatment of infected total hip prostheses. I. Removal of the implant].

PMID- 3843049
TI  - [Evolutionary behavior of an osteochondroma: spontaneous regression].

PMID- 3843050
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in a case of chondroblastoma of the
      proximal femur].

PMID- 3843051
TI  - [2 cases of osseous myeloma with a favorable long-term outcome].

PMID- 3843052
TI  - [Dyschondrosteosis].

PMID- 3843053
TI  - [Rare form of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva].

PMID- 3843054
TI  - [A rare finding in Marfan's syndrome: contracture of a large joint].

PMID- 3843055
TI  - [Magnetic resonance (MR): its impact in the imaging diagnosis of spinal cord
      pathology].

PMID- 3843056
TI  - [Role of magnetic resonance (MR) in the initial evaluation and postoperative
      follow-up of stenosis of the cervical canal].

PMID- 3843057
TI  - [Role of magnetic resonance in the neuroradiological approach in a case of
      cervical neurinoma].

PMID- 3843058
TI  - [Surgical treatment of infected total hip prostheses. II. Prosthesis removal and
      reimplantation].

PMID- 3843059
TI  - [The Ceraver Osteal cementless hip joint prosthesis].

PMID- 3843060
TI  - [Kinematics of the knee].

PMID- 3843061
TI  - [Arthroscopic synovectomy: potentials and limits of a new technic compared to the
      traditional surgical one].

PMID- 3843062
TI  - [Arthroscopic meniscectomy with 2 access routes. A note on the surgical technic
      for bucket-handle lesions].

PMID- 3843063
TI  - A rat model of bacterial keratitis. Effect of antibiotics and corticosteroid.
AB  - A model of bacterial keratitis in rats was developed to quantify the effect of
      antibiotics and corticosteroid on the infective process. Corneas were inoculated
      with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.
      The natural history of infection with these organisms was determined. Groups of
      animals received topical antibiotics and prednisolone acetate. The effect of
      treatment on the number of leukocytes and viable bacteria in the corneas was
      determined. Prednisolone did not influence the effect of the antibiotics;
      however, steroid treatment alone increased the pseudomonad count as much as 20
      fold above the count in untreated eyes. In general, both the antibiotic and
      steroid treatments were more successful when begun eight hours after infection
      than when begun at 24 hours. a 1% gentamicin sulfate preparation proved effective
      against each of the infections, including a pneumococcal strain considered
      resistant on the basis of in vitro tests.

PMID- 3843064
TI  - [The triangular ligament and the medial compartment of the wrist].
AB  - Analytic, functional and traumatological study of the medial compartment of the
      wrist, showing the role of cohesion of the triangular ligament and its radialis
      and ulnaris fibrous expensions.

PMID- 3843065
TI  - [Descriptive anatomy and biodynamic study of the medial collateral ligament of
      the trapezio-metacarpal articulation of the thumb].
AB  - The trapezoid articular surface is classically compared to a saddle. The
      movements of the thumb obey to two centers of rotation. The one is proximal and
      determined by the convexity of the saddle; the other is distal and determined by
      its convexity. The authors have realised 15 dissections and 20 cinematic studies;
      they bring precision to the collateral medial trapeziometacarpal ligament and
      show the fundamental role of its anchorage point on the medial metacarpal
      tubercle: the distal center of rotation and the anchorage point are practically
      superimposed. The movements from this center are realised in indifferent
      pronosupination. The proximal center of rotation and the anchorage point are
      distant. The movements from this center are necessarily accompanied by pronation
      or supination. Statement report of the mechanism of this double rotation.

PMID- 3843066
TI  - [The superficiaL branch of the radial nerve. Topographical location.
      Systematization].
AB  - The authors have dissected the superficial ramus of the radial nerve and its
      branches on 50 cadaveric hands. They state precisely their systematisation, their
      variations and their topography in respect to the osseus and tendinous guiding
      marks.

PMID- 3843067
TI  - [The heart of the Papio Erxleben, 1777: biometry and macroscopic anatomy].
AB  - One hundred hearts of baboons were studied (P. hamadryas and P. cynocepahlus).
      The weight and the volume of the hearts were measured by Scherle method (1970).
      The other measurements were: oblique diameter right "atrium" - apex cordis",
      right and left free ventricular thickness and the inner aorta diameter. The
      hearts were also studied by gross dissection and anatomical sections. The
      morphology of the heart of the baboon proved to be similar to the human heart
      morphology. Probably it is a good model to the cardiovascular research and may be
      surgical applications.

PMID- 3843068
TI  - Sonic motor pathways in teleost fishes: a comparative HRP study.
AB  - Among marine teleost fishes, one neuroeffector pathway for sonic communication
      consists of two components: a peripheral effector organ that consists of a
      swimbladder with associated 'drum' muscles, and a swimbladder or 'sonic' motor
      nucleus (SMN) located at the junction of the spinal cord and the medulla
      oblongata. Here, the organization of the SMN is compared in two unrelated groups
      of teleosts, the midshipmen, Porichthys notatus and P. myriaster, and the sea
      robin, Prionotus carolinus. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), used as a retrograde
      tracer, revealed the position of the SMN in each species. While the SMN is a
      fused midline structure in midshipmen, it is bilateral in sea robins. The
      functional significance of these two contrasting patterns of organization remains
      to be explored. A third study group included mormyrid freshwater electric fish,
      which are also sonic. Mormyrids were included in part because an earlier study
      identified androgen-binding cells at a brain level comparable to that of the SMN
      of marine fishes. Using HRP methods, a swimbladder motor nucleus was identified
      at the caudal pole of the vagal motor column. However, the nucleus in mormyrids
      lies dorsal to the fourth ventricle and central canal, not ventral as it does in
      midshipmen and sea robins. Its position corresponds to the steroid-concentrating
      cells identified in a previous study.

PMID- 3843069
TI  - The West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) lacks a vomeronasal organ.
AB  - Completely aquatic marine mammals of the order Cetacea such as whales and
      dolphins have a reduced or absent olfactory system and neither a vomeronasal
      organ nor an accessory olfactory bulb. In comparison, seals, which are only
      partially aquatic, have olfactory and accessory olfactory systems including the
      vomeronasal organ. Thus, there seems to be a strong relation between the degree
      of adaptation to an aquatic environment and the degree of reduction in olfactory
      structures. Sirenians, such as manatees and dugongs, are another family of marine
      mammals which have secondarily adapted to a fully aquatic existence, yet there is
      dispute about the status of their olfactory structures. In the present study
      there was no evidence for a vomeronasal organ in the adult West Indian Manatee,
      Trichechus manatus. Additionally, the main olfactory system appeared quite
      rudimentary. These observations support the hypothesis that, in mammals,
      secondary adaptation to an aquatic environment leads to the reduction or loss of
      the olfactory senses.

PMID- 3843070
TI  - Tactile cutaneous representation in cerebellar granule cell layer of the opossum,
      Didelphis virginiana.
AB  - Recent studies of the albino rat revealed extensive cutaneous somatosensory
      projections to the granule cell (GC) layer of the cerebellar hemispheres and the
      caudal vermis. These projections are organized asomatotopically in patchy
      mosaics. To determine whether similar projections exist in a marsupial, we
      explored the GC layer of the cerebellar cortex of anesthetized Virginia opossums
      using in-depth microelectrode micromapping and juxtathreshold cutaneous natural
      stimulation techniques. We found: Somatosensory projections to the GC layer exist
      throughout the mediolateral extent of the folia of the posterior lobe. The
      anterior lobe was not explored. The submodality of most receptive fields was
      'gentle-touch' cutaneous, but some were located in muscle, joint, or other deep
      lying structures. Peripheral projections to the GC layer are organized
      asomatotopically. Adjacent body parts project disjunctively to nonadjacent GC
      regions, and the overall pattern of peripheral projections forms a patchy
      columnar mosaic. Many body parts send projections to multiple loci. Ipsilateral
      projections predominate. Mechanoreceptors from face, snout, mouth and teeth
      activate the bulk of GC loci on crus I and crus II. The paramedian lobule
      receives projections from the entire ipsilateral body; the pyramis is activated
      from hindlimb and forelimb; the uvula from the upper arm and vibrissae. Different
      folia have different combinations and arrangements of disjunctive patchy
      peripheral projections. Individual differences in pattern of foliation and body
      representation occur. Except for differences in mosaic pattern and relative size
      of different projections, these findings are similar to those in rats and cats.
      These data suggest that somatosensory (especially cutaneous) inputs to the
      cerebellum are not only functionally significant, but that they exist widely
      among mammals.

PMID- 3843072
TI  - Proceedings of the 32nd annual meeting of the Society of Nuclear Medicine. June 2
      5, 1985, Houston, Texas. Abstracts.

PMID- 3843071
TI  - Fundal variations in the eyes of the osteoglossomorph fishes.
AB  - The appearance of the fundus of the eye varies among the families of
      osteoglossomorph teleosts. In this study, four different fundal patterns were
      observed: (i) an anteroposterior (or horizontal) embryonic fissure with a septal
      falciform process (family Osteoglossidae); (ii) an embryonic fissure from the
      optic disc nasoventrally with a falciform process (family Arapaimidae); (iii) an
      embryonic fissure nasoventrally from the optic disc without a falciform process
      (family Hiodontidae); and (iv) neither an embryonic fissure nor a falciform
      process (families Notopteridae and Mormyridae). The distribution of these various
      forms among the osteoglossomorph fishes is consistent with the recent cladogram
      for the Osteoglossomorpha [Lauder and Liem, 1983] which was based on many
      characters. The embryonic fissure in adult Amia calva was also examined. Its
      existence in adult Amia, in most Osteoglossomorpha, and in many non-euteleostean
      bony fishes suggests that its persistence in the adult stage is a primitive trait
      of bony fishes, and its absence in the Notopteroidei (with the exception of
      Hiodon) is a derived condition.

PMID- 3843073
TI  - [Generation of pro-coagulation activity by leukocytes stimulated in vitro with
      lipoglycans from mycoplasmas].
AB  - Lipoglycans represent a special type of lipopoly-saccharide that differs in
      structure from the well-known gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide. After
      briefly describing their most important characteristics, the authors take into
      consideration the in vitro interaction between lipoglycans from Acholeplasma
      granularum, Acholeplasma oculi, and Acholeplasma axanthum and human leukocytes in
      terms of production of procoagulant activity. The results obtained show that the
      examined lipoglycans possess, similarly to lipopolysaccharides, the capacity to
      induce the production of procoagulant activity, thromboplastin-like, from human
      mononuclear cells. However, the pathophysiological significance of this endotoxin
      like activity remains to be established.

PMID- 3843074
TI  - [Antifungal prophylaxis: up-date and prospectives].
AB  - Author reviews the now available strategies for the prophylaxis of primary and
      opportunistic mycoses. Chemoprophylaxis of opportunistic mycoses that are the
      most frequently observed fungal infections in Italy, gives satisfactory
      protection in endogenous fungal infections. On the contrary, fungal exogenous
      infections are not easily treated. In fact, systematically acting drugs which are
      also easy to use, are still lacking. Strict reverse isolation seems to achieve
      good results in these infections.

PMID- 3843075
TI  - [The IgA of the vascular compartment].

PMID- 3843076
TI  - "In vitro" study on human mononuclear phagocytic cells behaviour versus DNA and
      RNA viruses.
AB  - It is generally accepted that mononuclear phagocytic cells are of crucial
      importance in defence against viral infections. Using a method of "in vitro"
      differentiation from human blood monocytes to macrophages, the interactions
      between human monocyte-macrophage with herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2,
      adenovirus type 17, coxsackie virus B type 4, poliovirus type 1 and ECHO virus
      type 2, are reported. In all viruses tested on monocytes, the infection of the
      cells was very poor according to the data of specific immunofluorescence and of
      the residual infectivity. In the macrophage stage all viruses tested were able to
      infect the cells.

PMID- 3843077
TI  - An intradepartmental teaching effort at a medical university.
AB  - Over a period of four years, 693 third-year medical students were offered the
      opportunity to receive half of their required internal medicine clerkship
      clinical experience by rotating on a well-established family medicine inpatient
      service in a university hospital. This learning experience was designed and
      evaluated by the physician and behavioral science faculty of the department of
      family medicine. The family medicine inpatient experience provided the student
      with a greater number of individual patient encounters and a greater variety of
      clinical problems than an internal medicine experience. Scores on an internal
      medicine national board test showed no statistical difference between those
      students who completed a traditional internal medicine clerkship and those
      receiving a portion of their internal medicine experience by rotating on a family
      medicine inpatient service. The success of this student experience was a
      significant factor in the eventual acquisition of curriculum time for a third
      year required family medicine clerkship.

PMID- 3843078
TI  - The accuracy of supervisors' perceptions of family practice residents'
      educational needs.
AB  - A study was made to determine the accuracy of supervisors' perceptions of
      residents' educational needs by comparing the perceptions of both clinical
      learners and their physician supervisors. Both groups responded to an assessment
      instrument during the actual teaching-learning activity at two model family
      practice centers. Although there was significant agreement on the types and
      rankings of educational needs, there was frequent disagreement between teachers
      and learners when their perceptions of needs for each teaching-learning activity
      were carefully compared. Psychomotor and affective needs received an unexpected
      low priority from both groups. Possible implications and future studies are
      discussed.

PMID- 3843079
TI  - Chart audit of ambulatory care in a residency program: a comprehensive system.

PMID- 3843080
TI  - Psychosocial problem assessment: to counsel or not to counsel.
AB  - A pragmatic method for assisting family practice residents in deciding whether or
      not to counsel patients with psychosocial problems is described. Called "the
      problem assessment framework," this seven-step method uses a process of
      sequential analysis to guide the resident through problem identification, goal
      setting, and determination of appropriate intervention. A checklist is employed
      to quickly evaluate the suitability of resident and patient for engaging in
      psychological counseling.

PMID- 3843081
TI  - Pharmacy teaching for family practice residents.
AB  - Because undergraduate training in pharmacology is insufficient preparation for
      prescribing drugs appropriately, comprehensive systematic education in clinical
      pharmacy is essential for family practice residents. A pharmacy curriculum could
      contribute to improved treatment of disease, decreased health care costs,
      decreased iatrogenicity and morbidity, lower risk of litigation, and better
      communication among physicians, pharmacists, and patients. The pharmacy
      curriculum which has been developed at the family practice residency program in
      Little Rock, Ark. focuses on problem-solving activities in the clinical setting,
      primarily utilizing problems from the residents' patient caseloads. A long-term
      plan of the department is to follow residents into practice in order to examine
      utilization of what they learned from the pharmacy curriculum.

PMID- 3843082
TI  - The pattern of publishing previously rejected articles in selected journals.
AB  - Although it is important to medical school faculty that they publish articles,
      little has been done to study the process of submitting manuscripts to journals.
      Specifically, the authors of this study surveyed authors in nine journals read by
      family medicine teachers to see if their published articles previously had been
      rejected by other journals. Based on 517 responses from 541 authors (96% response
      rate), the authors learned that the New England Journal of Medicine had the
      highest "not previously rejected" rate of 98% and the Journal of the American
      Medical Association had the lowest rate of 68%. Overall, 11% of the articles
      published in the eight other journals in the study previously had been rejected
      by NEJM. It might be interesting for an author whose manuscript is rejected to
      know the rates of rejection and publication of various journals.

PMID- 3843083
TI  - Research skills development in family medicine fellows.
AB  - This study was conducted to identify factors that contribute to the development
      of research skills among Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) family medicine
      fellows, and to relate this process to their overall training. All 23 of the 1981
      82 RWJF fellows were surveyed. Most fellows believe they are being well prepared
      to conduct research, and estimate they will spend approximately one-fourth of
      their future time in research activities.

PMID- 3843084
TI  - Peer review and the fate of manuscripts.

PMID- 3843085
TI  - The simulated family: an experiential model.
AB  - The use of simulated families, facilitated by a mental health professional, can
      promote experiential learning of theories related to many family-centered
      problems, such as child or spouse abuse, alcoholism, and acute or chronic illness
      of a family member. Responsibilities and costs of implementing such a program can
      be shared between two training programs. Participants in both programs benefit
      from the mutual experience.

PMID- 3843086
TI  - Whither graduate medical education?

PMID- 3843087
TI  - Measuring attitude toward family medicine.
AB  - This study attempts to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure student
      attitude toward family medicine. It describes a 35-item Likert scale that
      incorporates the nature of family medicine, the competency of family physicians,
      and the academic image of family medicine departments. The scale was administered
      to 116 first-year medical students. Concurrent validity and internal reliability
      for the scale are reported. Two forms of item analysis--item-to-total-score
      correlation and factor analysis--resulted in the selection of 23 items for the
      final scale. Seventy-three percent of the first-year students responding to the
      scale expressed a positive attitude toward family medicine.

PMID- 3843088
TI  - Personality types of family practice residents as measured by the Myers-Briggs
      type indicator.
AB  - This study was initiated to test the hypothesis that individuals currently
      choosing family practice as a career are likely to have different personality
      types than those who previously pursued general practice. Incoming residents to
      the University of Utah Family Practice Residency Program were compared to a group
      of private primary care physicians serving rural areas. Personality types were
      determined by administering the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator to both groups.
      Results showed that the current resident group differed significantly from the
      primary care physician group and that the residents' personality types were
      similar to personality types of faculty in other studies. This raises the concern
      that many family practice residents may not choose to practice in underserved
      areas. Further studies need to follow personality types through medical school
      and residency training and into practice to help determine which prospective
      physicians are likely to choose a primary care career and a rural practice. This
      information may be useful in health manpower planning and in examining admissions
      policies of medical schools and residencies.

PMID- 3843089
TI  - Smoking and cancer in Western India: an appraisal for cancer prevention.

PMID- 3843090
TI  - Morphologic marker for the diagnosis of lymphoblastic lymphoma.

PMID- 3843091
TI  - Teratoma of the thyroid--a rare case.

PMID- 3843092
TI  - Infarction of fibroadenoma with squamous metaplasia.

PMID- 3843093
TI  - Urothelial changes in renal calculus disease.

PMID- 3843094
TI  - N-methyl nitrosourea induced endocardial schwannomas in rats--light and electron
      microscopic study.

PMID- 3843095
TI  - Trace element profiles in skin-tumour and tissues of tumour-bearing mice.

PMID- 3843096
TI  - A Bekesy descending-only procedure: effects of attenuation rate and step size,
      and starting level.
AB  - Bekesy fixed-frequency thresholds for pulsed and continuous tones at 1 kc/s
      yielded by a descending-only technique were compared for suprathreshold starting
      levels of 38, 58, 78, and 98 db SPL, and attenuation rates of 1, 2, 4, and 8
      db/sec with associated attenuation steps of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 db, respectively,
      with 3 normal-hearing adults. For pulsed tones of 250 msec (duty cycle 50%),
      thresholds were not significantly affected by attenuation rate/step size or by
      starting level. However, for continuous tones, increasing attenuation rate/step
      size yielded better thresholds for a given starting level. Decreasing starting
      level yielded better thresholds for a given attenuation rate/step size. Thus,
      deteriorated thresholds were yielded by the slower attenuations/step sizes and by
      the higher starting levels. These data may be explained as a manifestation of
      normal adaptation. The similar relative effects found here of attenuation
      rate/step size and of starting level, as compared to the data of an earlier study
      (Harbert and Young, 1968) which used the traditional up-down Bekesy method of
      threshold tracing lend support to the possible future clinical use of a
      descending-only technique.

PMID- 3843097
TI  - Children's performance on multidimensionally scored time-compressed sentential
      stimuli.
AB  - Normative data were obtained for 96 children with normal auditory and language
      abilities in grades 2, 4, and 6 when presented monaurally with time-compressed
      (TC) sentences and 1st- and 2nd-order sentential approximations at 32 db re SRT.
      Oral responses were taped and multidimensionally scored in order to sensitize the
      test. Consistent with previous reports of normative data at other age levels,
      performance became poorer for 0 to either 40 or 60% TC (there was a negligible
      difference between the latter), was better for normal sentences than for
      sentential approximations, and improved slightly in the higher grades.

PMID- 3843098
TI  - The effects of vocational noise exposure on hearing aid battery subjective life.
AB  - This study examined the effects of vocational training noise on subjective
      battery life and on battery current drain, in 5 different class B hearing aids
      worn by students at a school for the deaf. Each S used a mercury battery in the
      morning in an average listening school environment with a 2-hr period of
      vocational noise exposure included, and another battery in an average school
      listening environment from after lunch to bed time. Voltage measurements and
      usage hrs were recorded until S reported the battery was not working. There were
      no mean differences in subjective battery life nor in recorded voltage drop
      between the two conditions. Battery life in 2 batteries exposed to vocational
      noise may have been extended due to a 10-day rest period during the spring break
      for these 2 students.

PMID- 3843099
TI  - Minimal time interval in auditory temporal resolution.
AB  - Human auditory temporal resolution was measured. Normal-hearing adults in 3 age
      groups (I: mn age: 24 yrs, N:55; II: mn age: 44.5 yrs, N: 25; III: mn age: 66.4
      yrs, N:18) were required to indicate in which of 2 successive noise bursts of
      relatively low frequency (concentrated from .1-.5 kc/s) a brief temporal gap was
      inserted. The noise was created by passing a 100-c/s square wave through an
      electronic switch with virtually instantaneous rise-fall time and through a
      clinical audiometer to the associated earphone. The level was set at about the
      loudness of each S's HTL at .25 kc/s. The minimum detectable time interval (delta
      t) varied lawfully and significantly (p less than .001) with burst duration and
      with age. For all ages delta t was approximately equal to 3 msec when the burst
      duration was longest (85 msec), but at the shortest duration (10 msec) it rose to
      17.6, 22.2, and 29.9 msec for Grps I-III, respectively. The interaction between
      age and duration was also significant (p less than .001). It was suggested that
      establishment of delta t by this or a similar procedure could offer an important
      parameter for evaluation of auditory function.

PMID- 3843100
TI  - Central auditory processing in urban black children, normal and learning
      disabled.
AB  - Normative data from Windham et al (1985) for urban Black children aged 7-10 yrs
      on the SSW test and the Willeford central auditory processing battery were used
      to compare those norms with scores of 40 children of similar age and from the
      same population who were referred from the Howard University Child Development
      Center as being at risk for learning disability (LD). The L-competing, L-non
      competing, and Total Error Score indexes from the SSW test, and the L-ear score
      from Willeford's Competing Sentences subtest, differentiated the LD Ss as a group
      from normals (p less than .05). Other tests were of questionable or no value in
      this regard for this population. It is suggested that it would be wise to view
      the results of these tests with caution and preferably in connection with other
      audiological testing when applied to LD Ss, especially if normative data for the
      particular subpopulation have not been collected.

PMID- 3843101
TI  - Scaling patient reports of hearing aid benefit.
AB  - Records of 743 adults seen for rehabilitation with amplification in 1978-82, were
      used to study the measurement properties of four widely used, single-item benefit
      scales. Patients in this sample displayed mild to severe adventitious losses and
      had been fitted with their first aid(s). Data relating to degree of hearing loss,
      age, and employment status were analyzed. Responses to Hutton's Hearing Problem
      Inventory (J. Acad. Rehab. Audiol., 1980, 13, 133-154), administered 6 weeks pre
      and post rehabilitation, were used to obtain estimates of benefit: hrs/day and
      portion of time aid(s) were worn, its benefit in various situations, and degree
      of satisfaction. From the HPI was abstracted a single index of perceived pre-post
      gain (PPPG). Matrix analyses separately for the employed and the unemployed pts
      isolating hearing loss and employment status revealed that when amount of hearing
      loss was the validity criterion, the employment groups differed only in hrs/day
      and portion of time worn, the employed group reporting a trend for more hrs/day
      of wear as hearing loss increased. When PPPG was the criterion, only one benefit
      index, dissatisfaction, did not increase with PPPG. Of 16 Spearman rank
      correlations between benefit indices and validity criteria, 6 were significant.
      The benefit scale of hrs/day of wear yielded 3, that for dissatisfaction, none.
      It was concluded that PPPG was the criterion best used to validate benefit scales
      as compared with the criteria of hearing loss or employment status.

PMID- 3843102
TI  - Stress, control beliefs, and psychological distress: the problem of response
      bias.
AB  - Research on the buffering effects of locus of control beliefs in the relationship
      between stressful life events and psychological distress has produced
      inconclusive findings. The purpose of this study is to examine whether social
      desirability response set bias may be at least partially responsible for these
      contradictory results. Analysis of data from a community survey of married women
      suggests that social desirability can attenuate the interaction effect between
      stress and control beliefs. It is recommended that researchers include controls
      for this form of nonrandom measurement error in future studies.

PMID- 3843103
TI  - Temporal relationship between life events and two illness measures: a cross
      lagged panel analysis.
AB  - Stressful life events were correlated with two separate illness measures among
      naval submarine school students. The two illness measures were self-reported
      health symptoms, and illnesses recorded in the subjects' medical files. Life
      events, self-reported symptoms, and medical record illnesses were separated into
      two time blocks and subjected to a cross-lagged panel analysis in order to assess
      the temporal relationships among them. A significant positive relationship was
      shown between negative life events experienced 7-12 months prior to testing and
      medical record illnesses experienced 0-6 months prior to testing. A comparable
      relationship was not found for negative events and self-reported symptoms. The
      results support the view that negative life events increase susceptibility to
      actual illness onset. They also question the accuracy of self-report measures of
      illness.

PMID- 3843104
TI  - Everyday problems and life change events: ongoing versus acute sources of stress.
AB  - Research on the relationship between life stress and illness has focused largely
      on stress caused by change. The present study examines a relatively neglected
      source of stress: everyday problems, defined as ongoing, often chronic
      situations, which are stressful for a substantial period of time. An inventory of
      everyday problems was developed, designed to minimize as much as possible
      potential confounds present in earlier work. It was administered to 281
      undergraduate women along with a life events inventory, the Hopkins Symptom
      Checklist, and a social support scale, which measured family and nonfamily
      sources of support. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that everyday problems
      were more effective than life events in predicting psychological symptoms.
      Everyday problems were significant predictors of symptoms even after
      statistically controlling for life events, whereas life events had no predictive
      ability beyond that attributed to everyday problems. In addition, a significant
      interaction between everyday problems and life events was found. Multiple
      regression analyses also showed an interaction between everyday problems and
      nonfamily social support, as predicted by the buffering hypothesis. Within the
      methodological limitations of this study, these findings are interpreted as
      supporting the importance of everyday problems as a significant source of stress.

PMID- 3843105
TI  - Blood pressure variations during a working day at age 28: effects of different
      types of work and blood pressure level at age 18.
AB  - During an ordinary work day blood pressure was self-monitored once every hour in
      two samples of asymptomatic nonmedicating 28-year-old men. They were selected on
      the basis of previous compulsory blood pressure recordings made at the age of 18
      when they had been drafted for military service. Subjects in the "original
      hypertensive sample" with "strain" occupations (hectic and uncontrollable, such
      as waiter, driver and cook) had more marked elevations of systolic blood pressure
      during work hours than other subjects.

PMID- 3843106
TI  - US Coast Guard collision at sea.
AB  - The collision between the USCGC Cuyahoga and the motor vessel Santa Cruz II
      resulted in psychological distress among the Coast Guard crewmen. The US Navy
      Special Psychiatric Rapid Intervention Team (SPRINT) was activated to provide
      mental health services to the Coast Guard survivors and others who had been
      affected by the disaster. The psychiatric records of the 18 survivors were
      examined and summarized, and combined with anecdotal comments made by SPRINT
      members. The most prominent psychological reactions among the survivors were
      shock, anger, sadness, and guilt. Spouses of the survivors dealt with bereavement
      and strove to understand their husbands' reactions. Variables identified by the
      SPRINT as being important to their success were communication with and support
      from the training center command, assurances of confidentiality to the survivors,
      and commencement of their work almost immediately following the collision.

PMID- 3843107
TI  - Dimensions of life stress in psychiatric patients.
AB  - A combined checklist and interview methodology was developed to assess the
      occurrence of life events among psychiatric patients. In addition to identifying
      events, patients were asked to rate them on 11 dimensions assumed to be important
      in mediating the impact of life stress. A factor analysis of ratings of 479
      events from 64 patients, yielded three factors, reflecting the desirability of
      events, perceived control over their occurrence, and the readjustment required by
      events. However, ratings of social support available for help in coping with
      events and prior experience with similar events did not load on any of these
      factors. These dimensions should be treated as separate and potentially important
      influences. Three judges, blind to the patients' ratings, also made "normative"
      judgements of a subset of 154 events on the dimensions of desirability, control,
      and readjustment. Agreement among judges and between judges and patients was high
      with regard to desirability and control but low when rating readjustment. Judges
      tended to overestimate the amount of readjustment as described by patients.

PMID- 3843108
TI  - The effect of an academic examination on salivary norepinephrine and
      immunoglobulin levels.
AB  - Forty-six college students provided saliva samples just after taking an
      examination, one hour and 45 minutes later, and several days later, at a period
      of rest. As compared with baseline levels, the power stress of an examination was
      associated with an increase in salivary immunoglobulin A (S-IgA), a measure of B
      cell immune function, and with an increase in norepinephrine (NE) concentrations
      in the saliva. The increase in NE was greater for those for whom n power was
      greater than n affiliation rather than for those for whom the reverse was true.
      Greater increases in, and levels of, NE at the examination and after were
      associated with greater subsequent drops in S-IgA, which reached below baseline
      levels for those for whom n power was stronger. The examination stimulated
      adrenergic activity, which in the long run depressed immune function for those
      with a strong power motive who had been most aroused adrenergically by the
      examination.

PMID- 3843109
TI  - Type A behavior and job performance: some suggestive findings.
AB  - This study examined Type A and Type B differences in job performance,
      psychosomatic complaints, and career progression among white-collar employees (N
      = 218) in a field setting. Significant differences were found between Type A's
      and Type B's in quality of performance, effort exerted at the job, and
      psychosomatic complaints. Employees' cultural background and sex moderated some
      of the relationships observed in the study. Implications of the findings for
      future research on the topic are discussed.

PMID- 3843110
TI  - A multi-modal questionnaire for stress.
AB  - This paper presents data regarding the Strain Questionnaire (SQ), a 48-item scale
      designed to measure self-report levels of behavioral, cognitive, and physical
      stress complaints. A heterogeneous sample of 412 adults completed the SQ, and
      correlational, reliability, factor analytic and validity data are reported.
      Results suggest that the items reflect a wide range of content which show high
      internal consistency on each of the three subscales and the total SQ. Test-retest
      reliability demonstrated satisfactory temporal stability of the scales. Factor
      analysis of the SQ produced eleven orthogonal factors. The most salient factor
      was "cognitive/behavioral strain" which highlights the necessity for including
      these variables in self-report surveys of stress. Future research needs are also
      discussed.

PMID- 3843111
TI  - Correlates of psychosomatic stress symptoms among farm women: a research note on
      farm and family functioning.
AB  - The relationship between self-reported psychosomatic stress symptoms and
      dimensions of family and farm functioning were examined in a sample of New York
      State dairy farm wives (N = 126). The farm women completed a questionnaire
      assessing home and farm task loads, farm complexity, intrapersonal role conflict,
      interpersonal role conflict, husband support, and marital satisfaction. The
      psychosomatic stress symptoms included nervousness, restlessness, insomnia,
      shortness-of-breath, and fainting. In general, stress symptoms showed little
      relationship to task loads, farm complexity, and intrapersonal role conflict.
      Much stronger relationships were found for interpersonal role conflict, husband
      support, and marital satisfaction. Thus, these findings point to the greater
      importance of family relationships in preventing or buffering stress in
      comparison with simple role-related task expectations of farm systems.

PMID- 3843112
TI  - The inhibited power motive, type A behavior, and patterns of cardiovascular
      response during the structured interview and Thematic Apperception Test.
AB  - The Type A behavior pattern and the inhibited power motive have been implicated
      in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). Since it is widely believed
      that enhanced cardiovascular responsivity may be one mechanism by which
      individuals develop CHD, the present study examined the relationship of Type A
      behavior and the inhibited power motive to different patterns of cardiovascular
      response during two behavioral tasks. Forty-one (24 Type A's, 17 Type B's) male
      undergraduates underwent the Type A structured interview (SI) and the Thematic
      Apperception Test (TAT) while a broad range of cardiovascular functions were
      simultaneously recorded. Different patterns of cardiovascular response were
      observed during the SI and TAT, and Type A's showed a greater tendency than Type
      B's to exhibit increased heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and
      forearm blood flow (FBF) during the SI and the preparatory phase (but not the
      story-telling phase) of the TAT. The inhibited power motive was not related to
      enhanced cardiovascular responsivity during the SI or TAT. The implications of
      these findings for the development of CHD are discussed.

PMID- 3843113
TI  - The life events stress-performance linkage: an exploratory study.
AB  - For a long time, the relationship between life events, psychological adjustment,
      and illness has been a subject of much concern in the medical literature. Very
      recently, several management theorists have proposed a life events stress
      performance linkage. In the present study, such a linkage was tested in a
      classroom setting. One hundred fifty-nine university students were asked to
      estimate the degree of readjustment required for each of 43 life events and,
      subsequently, to identify events that they had experienced during the past year.
      Weighted and unweighted life event stress scores were later correlated with six
      indices of classroom performance. As hypothesized, measures of stress collected
      early in the semester were inversely related to future performance. The
      predictive ability of the stress scores was not enhanced by using readjustment
      values to weight life events experienced.

PMID- 3843114
TI  - Health status as a mediating factor in the life change-academic performance
      relationship.
AB  - This study was designed to determine whether illness during the academic year,
      when gender and academic readiness are controlled, is the variable accounting for
      the demonstrated relationship between life change index and subsequent academic
      performance. A weak though significant inverse association was found between life
      change and grades; this association persisted even after statistical adjustment
      for gender, academic readiness, and illness experience. There was no evidence
      that illness experience mediated the life change-performance relationship. The
      association was not subject to a threshold effect according to level of life
      change.

PMID- 3843115
TI  - Noise-induced stress in hospital patients: coping and nonauditory health
      outcomes.
AB  - This study found that, for 150 postoperative male patients, degree of objective
      noise, intrinsic sensitivity of the person to noise, and noise-induced stress
      were positively related to coping, in the form of exercised control over noise
      (correlations ranged from r = .207 to r = .468, P less than .01 for all cases).
      Hierarchical multiple regression confirmed these results. Furthermore, greater
      sensitivity of the person to noise was positively correlated with ability to
      cope, regardless of the objective level of noise. Patients who were randomly
      assigned to an experimental group, where they received instructions for control
      over noise, showed no difference in coping ability than a control group. There
      was a lack of support for several hypotheses concerned with the effects of noise
      induced stress and coping on health, where stress was measured by self-reports of
      recovery and average time-out-of-bed in minutes. The meaning of these results is
      discussed in terms of stress theory.

PMID- 3843116
TI  - Stress reactivity in alexithymia: decoupling of physiological and cognitive
      responses.
AB  - Alexithymia is described as the lack of awareness of the basis of emotion.
      Descriptions of alexithymia have primarily been based upon clinical observation
      with no laboratory validation of the construct. A proposed aspect of alexithymia
      is an inability to accurately identify emotional stimuli, with a hypothesized
      decoupling of peripheral physiological activity and accurate report of feeling
      state. The present study represents an initial attempt to determine whether such
      a decoupling of feeling state and physiology in response to stress exists in
      alexithymics. Males (18-25 years) screened for alexithymia using the Schalling
      Sifneos Personality Scale (SSPS) were used in subjects (n = 15) along with age
      matched nonalexithymic controls (n = 15). All subjects were asymptomatic. Each
      was individually exposed to a stress quiz while heart rate, frontal EMG, and
      blood pressure were monitored. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) was administered
      at four intervals (adaptation, prestress quiz, poststress quiz, and recovery).
      Results indicated that both the alexithymic and nonalexithymic groups displayed
      an increased heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure response to the
      stressor. Alexithymics had higher resting heart rate levels throughout the
      experiment in contrast to controls. No differences in recovery from stress were
      observed between the two groups. EMG appeared stable across periods. Analyses of
      mood data revealed a significant increase in tension following the stress quiz in
      the nonalexithymic group, while the alexithymics demonstrated an increase in
      tension in anticipation of the stressor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3843117
TI  - A psychometric study of stress and coping during the International Biomedical
      Expedition to the Antarctic (IBEA).
AB  - A psychometric study was made of stress and coping during the course of the
      International Biomedical Expedition to Antarctica (IBEA). The stressors were
      specified by observation, as were the group's behavioral reactions to them, but
      they produced no significant differences on scales of symptomatology. The
      repressor/sensitization defensive style of coping was then examined, and although
      there were grounds for associating repressor tendencies with the low self
      reporting of stress, the group sizes were too small to confirm the suggestion
      statistically. But the question needs now to be taken further, as also does that
      of laboratory stressors.

PMID- 3843118
TI  - The stability of psychometric performance during the International Biomedical
      Expedition to the Antarctic (IBEA).
AB  - A selection of tests designed to measure certain cognitive and psychomotor
      functions was administered to 11 subjects on an Antarctic expedition, some of
      whom had been preacclimatized with cold baths. No evidence was found of
      deterioration due to the Antarctic climate, or to the lack of preacclimatization.
      It was concluded that the motivation of the subjects was the crucial factor in
      maintaining their performance.

PMID- 3843119
TI  - Human experimentation during the International Biomedical Expedition to the
      Antarctic (IBEA).
AB  - An extensive research project is described, during which resentment and hostility
      were aroused due to the data gathering methods. Those effects disturbed the
      smooth running of the project and led to subjects withdrawing from some
      experiments. Although the entire project had many positive features, those that
      are reported here detracted from its complete success. The negative features
      should be heeded by others who wish to improve the quality of their experimental
      work with human beings, otherwise the unintended stress of experimentation might
      restrict subject participation and disrupt data collection.

PMID- 3843120
TI  - Introspectiveness and adolescent symptom reporting.
AB  - A new measure of introspectiveness--the tendency to devote diffuse attention to
      thoughts and feelings about the self--was used to investigate adolescent symptom
      reporting. Introspectiveness was correlated with psychological distress (r = .40)
      and with physical symptoms (r = .27) in a random sample of college freshmen, and
      remained the strongest correlate of distress and symptoms when controlling for a
      variety of other measures. Women, Jews, and certain Hispanic groups were higher
      on introspectiveness than other students. An unanticipated, but possibly
      significant, result was that economic discontinuities and discontinuities
      involving significant others had markedly different relationships with health.
      Strong associations between perceptions of parental characteristics, adolescent
      introspectiveness, and health suggested the importance of socialization processes
      for understanding distress and symptoms. Finally, measures of emotional
      sensitivity and time spent alone were associated with introspectiveness and
      symptom reporting. Taken together, these findings suggest the importance of
      introspectiveness and its correlates for understanding the processes leading to
      adolescent symptom reporting.

PMID- 3843121
TI  - Measurement assessment of the type A coronary prone behavior pattern and
      hyperactivity/problem behaviors in children: are they related? The Bogalusa Heart
      Study.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to contribute to concept clarification regarding
      identification of the Type A behavior pattern in children. To accomplish this,
      two measurement techniques for assessing Type A behavior in children (MYTH and
      Hunter-Wolf) were compared to a third (a teacher-rated measure of hyperactivity:
      the Conners), since this latter measure, although often used to diagnose
      hyperactive children, seemed also to measure some Type A-like behaviors. The
      Hunter-Wolf also included a self-assessment of Type A behavior. The conceptual
      and measurement issue was: Are teachers rating Type A or hyperactive/problem
      behaviors in children? Fifty-five teachers participated. They rated 253 students,
      aged 8 to 17 years, in a biracial community. The clear overlap between teacher
      assessed Type A and the Conners hyperactivity measure was demonstrated when the
      best predictor of teacher-assessed Type A measure was the Conners. This was
      especially true for black males and white females. Little relationship existed
      between teacher-assessed Type A and self-assessment. The conclusions suggest that
      implications drawn from teacher-assessed Type A behavior in children may be
      inadequate because of potential ethnic and gender artifactual measurement error.

PMID- 3843122
TI  - Congruent stress-preventing factors and anxiety in a long-term stress situation.
AB  - The relationship of state anxiety to personal and social stress-preventing
      factors and to criterion measure was examined in 38 family men who were recent
      immigrants to Israel from Western countries. As predicted, state anxiety
      accounted for more variance in the criterion measure of stated intention of
      remaining in Israel than all the stress-preventing factors combined. Moreover,
      approximately half of the effect of the latter factors on the criterion was
      achieved through the anxiety variable. Given the modest sample size, the specific
      findings are regarded as tentative, but the general conclusion of the study
      appears to be amply supported. Namely, the level of state anxiety in the
      individual may be regarded as an index of the effectiveness of the various stress
      preventing factors operating in the situation and as a stress-preventing factor
      in its own right that directly affects problem-solving behavior and outcomes.

PMID- 3843123
TI  - Synchronization of bone marrow culture in chromosome study of leukemia.

PMID- 3843124
TI  - [Relation between the serological and electromicroscopic results of viral
      hepatitis].

PMID- 3843125
TI  - Heterotopic allotransplantation of adrenal gland with vascular pedicle (report of
      3 cases).

PMID- 3843126
TI  - HLA and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3843127
TI  - Diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer by selective bronchography.

PMID- 3843128
TI  - Subacute toxicity of rhomotoxin in rabbits.

PMID- 3843129
TI  - [Acute myocardial infarction in Beijing. A longitudinal clinical analysis of the
      cases between 1972 and 1983].

PMID- 3843130
TI  - [Biology and behavior of Aedes aegypti].

PMID- 3843131
TI  - [Present viability of the eradication of Aedes aegypti in the control of yellow
      fever in Brazil].

PMID- 3843132
TI  - [Visceral leishmaniasis in Santarem/PA: general aspects of the control,
      serological survey in dogs and treatment of the human cases].

PMID- 3843133
TI  - [Integrated health actions].

PMID- 3843134
TI  - [A proposal for health education within the integrated health actions].

PMID- 3843135
TI  - Sarcoid heart disease.
AB  - Sarcoid heart disease has had slow recognition but it is now being increasingly
      diagnosed in life and at necropsy. Recognition is important as energetic
      treatment may greatly improve the prognosis. Although patients with 'classical'
      sarcoidosis may be found to have cardiac involvement, most of the clinically
      important cases present with cardiac problems--sudden death, heart block,
      tachyarrhythmias and 'cardiomyopathy'--are the most frequent presentations.
      Sarcoidosis should be thought of in any case of difficult heart disease for which
      there is no obvious aetiology. Histological confirmation of sarcoidosis in some
      organ should be sought. Energetic treatment and follow up show that the prognosis
      is not necessarily bad.

PMID- 3843136
TI  - Sarcoidosis in Eastern Europe.
AB  - When analysing the data on sarcoidosis in Eastern Europe, it is seen that the
      incidence of sarcoidosis considerably varies in respect to individual countries,
      as is also the case in West Europe. The highest incidence was observed in GDR
      (12.0) and the lowest one in Poland (1.26). Data on the incidence could be
      obtained for Hungary (4.3), Czechoslovakia (3.5) and Yugoslavia (2.5), while for
      the Soviet Union, Romania, Turkey (Istanbul), Bulgaria and Greece there are only
      data for certain districts, with the exception of Albania where these data are
      thoroughly unknown. In all countries of Eastern Europe, sarcoidosis generally
      appears in persons aged 29-50, predominantly in the group of those aged 29-40. In
      respect to sex, the disease is more frequently diagnosed in women, the incidence
      of which ranges from 53% in Lithuanian SSR to 69.5% in Hungary. Acute forms
      (Lofgren's syndrome) account for 9% in Poland and 24% in Yugoslavia.

PMID- 3843137
TI  - Kveim test and mitochondrial antibodies in the differential diagnosis between
      primary biliary cirrhosis and sarcoidosis.
AB  - Intracutaneous Kveim test and measurement of serum mitochondrial antibodies were
      performed in a group of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and in a
      group of patients with sarcoidosis. There were 14 patients, 1 man and 13 women,
      age range 39-64 years, with clinical picture, laboratory tests and liver biopsy
      consistent with PBC. In the sarcoidosis group there were 38 patients, 18 men and
      20 women, age range 22-76 years, with clinical, radiological and
      histopathological findings typical for sarcoidosis. In this group chest x-ray
      showed stage 0 in 3 patients, stage I in 7, stage II in 18 and 10 patients were
      in stage III. Kveim test was positive in 24 (63.2%) of the sarcoid patients and
      negative in all 14 patients with PBC. Mitochondrial antibodies were present in 13
      of the PBC-patients but in none of the 38 examined sarcoid patients. Kveim test
      and analysis of mitochondrial antibodies seems to be of great value in the
      differential diagnosis between primary biliary cirrhosis and sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3843138
TI  - A case of gastric sarcoidosis.
AB  - A case of gastric involvement in a long standing patient with fibrotic
      sarcoidosis is reported. The diagnosis was made by the finding of Schaumann
      bodies in the gastric mucosa. At autopsy, the lungs were honeycombed with
      numerous Schaumann bodies, one of which shows ossification.

PMID- 3843139
TI  - Immunology of pulmonary disease--profile of the granuloma.
AB  - Granuloma formation in the lung is initiated by a diversity of antigens and other
      agents including infection, chemicals, organic dusts and metabolic disturbances,
      all of which lead to chronic parenchymal inflammation and a varying expression of
      cellular infiltration, necrosis, vasculitis and fibrosis.

PMID- 3843140
TI  - Overlap syndromes with sarcoidosis.
AB  - It is hoped that readers of this article will make a note of any other disorders
      which occur in their patients with sarcoidosis. We shall welcome this list and
      the frequency with which other disorders coincide with sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3843141
TI  - A tale of two cities.
AB  - This is a comparison of two large series of histologically-confirmed sarcoidosis
      797 patients kept under supervision in Hamburg and 818 patients in London. There
      are a few differences but many striking similarities. The factual data in these
      two series should provide guidelines for present and future investigators
      recognising sarcoidosis as it emerges from obscurity in Africa, India and Asia.

PMID- 3843142
TI  - Asymptomatic ocular sarcoidosis.
AB  - Sarcoidosis, as multisystem disease, may affect the entire visual apparatus and
      its adnexa: the eye hence is an optimal observation point to confirm diagnosis
      and assess disease activity. However, the eyes are affected only in one-fourth of
      cases, and the majority of the lesions are asymptomatic, requiring appropriate
      examination techniques to be detected. In this paper we reviewed the ophthalmic
      changes found in a group of 163 Italian patients affected with sarcoidosis,
      comparing the data collected with those published in the literature. Conjunctival
      granulomata, chorio-retinal lesions and lacrimal gland involvement were the more
      common ocular manifestations of the sarcoidosis detected; these were asymptomatic
      in two patients out of three. Ocular changes in sarcoidosis are more common than
      generally appreciated even in white patients, but their detection requires
      meticulous eye examination, the use of 67 Gallium scans of the head,
      fluorangiography, and the yield of biopsies from available eye tissues.

PMID- 3843143
TI  - Sarcoidosis associated with complete heart block.
AB  - The association between sarcoidosis and complete heart block was explored by a
      register study, a description of 9 own cases and a survey of 48 cases collected
      from the literature. Incidences were calculated from statistics of hospital in
      patient diagnoses in a Swedish county over a 13-year period. Strong association
      was found between the two conditions, with significantly higher risk (RR = 16.7,
      P less than 0.001) of heart block in sarcoidosis patients than in the general
      population. Pacemaker management is often complicated in patients with
      sarcoidosis. The association should be kept in mind when dealing with patients
      presenting with sarcoidosis or complete heart block.

PMID- 3843144
TI  - The chest radiograph and sarcoidosis. Reevaluation of the chest radiograph in
      assessing activity of sarcoidosis: a preliminary communication.
AB  - Classic radiographic staging of sarcoidosis, utilizing stages 0 through III, is a
      purely descriptive classification and bears no relation to the clinical activity
      of the disease. We propose a new method of determining sarcoidosis activity based
      solely on the chest radiograph. This "staging" is based on the presence or
      absence of air bronchograms, peribronchial cuffing, and subpleural thickening.
      Adenopathy, reticular, reticulonodular, and nodular opacities are not included in
      our methodology. Other diagnostic methods currently utilized for staging activity
      include Gallium scanning, bronchoalveolar lavage, and physiologic studies. In 85
      studies performed in 51 patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis, this staging
      method agreed with Gallium scintigraphy results in 68.2%. The system failed in
      specific and identifiable subgroups of patients. We feel that the chest
      radiograph compares favorably with other staging methods in detecting the
      alveolitis phase of sarcoidosis, and is reproducible, noninvasive, and cost
      efficient.

PMID- 3843145
TI  - [The role of serotonin in viral hepatitis A in children].

PMID- 3843146
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of salmonelloses in children].

PMID- 3843147
TI  - [Clinico-laboratory characteristics of salmonella carrier state].

PMID- 3843148
TI  - [Status of the microflora of the intestine in combined bacterio-viral
      infections].

PMID- 3843149
TI  - [Diagnosis of typhoid fever at the present time].

PMID- 3843150
TI  - [The role of conditionally-pathogenic enterobacteria in the development of acute
      intestinal diseases].

PMID- 3843152
TI  - [Changes in several hemodynamic indices in intestinal toxicosis with
      exsiccation].

PMID- 3843151
TI  - [Indices of humoral immunity in hospital salmonella infections in children less
      than 1-year-old].

PMID- 3843153
TI  - [Experience with the treatment of severe forms of intestinal toxicosis in young
      children].

PMID- 3843154
TI  - [Various questions concerning the etiopathogenesis and clinical picture of acute
      stenosing laryngotracheobronchitis of viral etiology in children].

PMID- 3843155
TI  - [Character of the therapeutic action of different schedules of administration of
      donor anti-influenza gamma-globulin to influenza patients].

PMID- 3843156
TI  - [Experience with the clinical use of donor anti-influenza gamma-globulin].

PMID- 3843157
TI  - [Treatment of acute respiratory viral infections with an obstructive syndrome in
      children].

PMID- 3843158
TI  - [Changes in the spectrum of serum free amino acids in influenza patients].

PMID- 3843159
TI  - [Concentration of antibodies to respiratory viruses in commercial preparations of
      gamma- and polyglobulin].

PMID- 3843160
TI  - [Clinico-immunologic study of the use of 2 doses of inactivated influenza
      centrifuge vaccine].

PMID- 3843161
TI  - [Discovery of a possible connection between vaccination with inactivated
      chromatographic influenza vaccine and the development of the Guillain-Barre
      syndrome].

PMID- 3843162
TI  - [Initial results of using the new detoxifying preparation neohemodes in the
      treatment of viral hepatitis patients].

PMID- 3843163
TI  - Program and abstracts: the American Society of Human Genetics, 36th annual
      meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah, October 9-12, 1985.

PMID- 3843164
TI  - [Morphologic characteristics of leukoplakias of the oral cavity and review of
      case material].
AB  - Cases of oral mucosa leukoplakias are presented. The authors discuss histologic
      features, clinical and prognostic findings.

PMID- 3843165
TI  - [Practical indications for pre-prosthetic adjustment of the alveolar processes].

PMID- 3843166
TI  - [Spigelian hernia: presentation and discussion of 3 clinical cases].
AB  - The authors describe three cases of ventral-lateral hernia (Spigelian hernia),
      with their clinic and diagnostic features. They also make a revision of the
      literature about this disease and some considerations about the relatively high
      incidence and the frequent diagnostic difficulties.

PMID- 3843167
TI  - [Consequences of fractures of the mandible on the temporomandibular joint].
AB  - Temporo-mandibular joint carry out an important and complex function during
      masticatory dynamics. For this reason it is very important to consider the
      possible consequences of the mandibular fractures on the T.M.J. It is possible to
      have meniscitis or arthritis, arthrosis or even ankylosis.

PMID- 3843168
TI  - [3 new cases of infantile transient hyperphosphatemia. Description and
      etiopathogenetic discussion].
AB  - Three patients with transient hyperphosphatasemia of infancy are described and
      compared to other 79 cases reported in literature. Etiopathogenesis is discussed
      and the good prognosis of this condition is emphasized.

PMID- 3843169
TI  - [Immunological aspects of primary cancer of the lung].

PMID- 3843170
TI  - Melioidosis.

PMID- 3843171
TI  - [Effect of lysine stepronin salts on mucociliary clearance].

PMID- 3843173
TI  - [Pleural effusions].

PMID- 3843172
TI  - [Changes in the blood coagulation system in patients with primary carcinoma of
      the lung].

PMID- 3843174
TI  - [Role of computerized tomography in thoraco-pulmonary needle aspiration].

PMID- 3843175
TI  - [Reflections on secondary implants].

PMID- 3843176
TI  - [Involvement of the optic nerve in Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease].

PMID- 3843177
TI  - [Surgical treatment of ptosis by the disinsertion of the aponeurosis of the
      elevator muscle of the upper lid].

PMID- 3843178
TI  - [Bilateral exudative retinal detachment in a 10-week pregnant woman: diagnosis
      and management].

PMID- 3843179
TI  - [Acute bilateral retinal necrosis in 2 stages. The role of herpes infection?].

PMID- 3843180
TI  - [Computerized evaluation of x-ray computed tomography as a diagnostic aid in
      ophthalmology].

PMID- 3843181
TI  - [Unrecognized choroidal melanoma: surgical treatment of secondary detachment].

PMID- 3843182
TI  - [Pseudo-exfoliative syndrome. 1: Semiology and clinical variations of pseudo
      exfoliation].

PMID- 3843183
TI  - [Pseudo-exfoliative syndrome. 2: Semiology and physiological variations of
      pigment dispersion].

PMID- 3843184
TI  - [Role of the capsular exfoliation syndrome in the pathology of the anterior eye
      segment].

PMID- 3843185
TI  - [School-learning difficulties in children with bilateral congenital cataracts].

PMID- 3843186
TI  - [Electro-oculography, alcohol and noise].

PMID- 3843187
TI  - [Microspherophakia--therapeutic aspects apropos of a familial case].

PMID- 3843188
TI  - [Metallic intra-ocular foreign bodies of the posterior segment. Long-term results
      and prognosis].

PMID- 3843189
TI  - [Para-clinical evaluation methods of Means syndrome].

PMID- 3843190
TI  - [2 cases of birdshot-type chorioretinopathy].

PMID- 3843192
TI  - [Treatment of distichiasis by palpebral marginoplasty (graft of oral mucosa)].

PMID- 3843191
TI  - [Epidermoid carcinoma of the conjunctiva in a 29-year-old subject of African
      origin].

PMID- 3843193
TI  - [Use of computers in research on heredo-familial diseases].

PMID- 3843194
TI  - [Computerized coding of ophthalmologic diseases and their therapy].

PMID- 3843195
TI  - [Analysis on an Apple II+ of 245 implants into the posterior chamber].

PMID- 3843196
TI  - [Quantification and automation of Panel D-15].

PMID- 3843197
TI  - [Panophthalmia, followed by evisceration, secondary to the removal of
      monofilaments 16 months after intervention for cataract].

PMID- 3843198
TI  - [Insufficiency of the lower rectus muscle after fracture of the operated on
      orbital floor].

PMID- 3843199
TI  - [Tapeto-retinal dystrophy in relation to a blood circulation abnormality of the
      vortex network].

PMID- 3843200
TI  - [Choice of surgical treatment in the sequelae of Basedow ophthalmopathy].

PMID- 3843201
TI  - [Ephemeris 1984].

PMID- 3843203
TI  - [Gonio-cyclodiastasis using tongue-like incisions].

PMID- 3843202
TI  - [Macular epi-retinal membranes. Apropos of 14 surgically treated cases].

PMID- 3843204
TI  - [Birdshot chorio-retinopathy--apropos of 7 cases].

PMID- 3843205
TI  - [Osseous choristoma of the choroid: apropos of a new case followed for 4 years].

PMID- 3843206
TI  - [Treatment of melanomas of the choroid with 106 Ru/106 Rh applicators.
      Preliminary results].

PMID- 3843207
TI  - [Value of the investigation of retinal lesions in total congenital deafness].

PMID- 3843208
TI  - [Rothmund syndrome and syndermatotic cataracts].

PMID- 3843209
TI  - [Herpes--the "rabbit-shot"].

PMID- 3843210
TI  - The Graeme Robertson Memorial Lecture, 1984. Some disorders of the central grey
      matter in children: clinical and radiological diagnosis.

PMID- 3843211
TI  - Adult Lennox Gastaut syndrome: patients with large focal structural lesions.
AB  - Ten patients, referred to the Austin Hospital for possible surgery to alleviate
      intractable epilepsy, were found to have large local atrophic lesions on CT head
      scans. Detailed analysis of seizure patterns showed that tonic seizures
      constituted the main seizure type. In addition the histories of all 10 patients
      showed absences, atonic seizures and mental deterioration. In half the subjects
      there were psychomotor elements in some seizures. The clinical diagnosis of
      Lennox Gastaut syndrome was made. EEG findings were notable for the appearance of
      bilateral slow spike-wave activity and also tonic seizure fast activity in all
      patients. Seemingly focal emphasis of abnormal EEG activity, especially spike and
      spike-wave elements, prompted the use of long-term videomonitoring with
      intracerebral electrodes in eight patients. In four of these, marked focal
      emphasis of tonic fast activity in actual seizure recordings provided the basis
      for local ablative surgery in the expectation of removal of the epileptic focus.
      In all four cases this surgery was unsuccessful. It would seem, therefore, that
      though the focal structural lesion and the seizures probably stemmed from the
      same source, surgery to the lesion did not effect the removal of an 'epileptic
      focus'. Tonic seizures would seem to be a generalized form of epilepsy and in
      these patients their presence and the significance thereof were vital to
      appropriate management.

PMID- 3843212
TI  - Ocular and ocular motor aspects of primary thalamic haemorrhage.
AB  - As part of a correlative study of the neuro-ophthalmological abnormalities in
      thalamic haemorrhage, we report preliminary findings in six patients with this
      condition diagnosed by clinical and CT brain examinations. Five patients were
      middle-aged and hypertensive. Two had Horner's syndrome, and three anisocoria.
      Three patients had prominent mesencephalic dysfunction. There was pathological
      confirmation of the lesion in one case. The pathogenesis of the signs of midbrain
      disturbance in these patients is uncertain, but may comprise pressure, traction
      or hypoxia, separately or in combination. There was no positive correlation
      between the estimated size of the demonstrated haemorrhage and the severity of
      the neuro-ophthalmological abnormality.

PMID- 3843213
TI  - Familial myasthenia gravis: a study of three families.
AB  - Six patients suffering from familial myasthenia gravis belonging to three
      different families are described. Three brothers are classified as having
      familial limb-girdle myasthenia and the other three patients, belonging to two
      other families, are classified as having familial congenital myasthenia. The
      clinical features, HLA antigen typing, autoantibody screening and anti
      acetylcholine receptor antibodies were analysed. The variability of this
      condition from family to family is exemplified in this series and confirms the
      heterogeneous nature of familial myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 3843214
TI  - Triplicate post-traumatic sciatic nerve palsy: evoked potentials in the
      diagnosis.
AB  - Three episodes of sciatic nerve palsy occurred after open reduction and internal
      fixation of a fracture-dislocation of the left hip and pelvis in a 20-year-old
      female injured in a motor cycle accident. There were also ipsilateral open
      fractures of the tibia and fibula and an open knee injury. When the palsy first
      developed the patient was in a hip spica plaster cast extending from the costal
      margin to encase the whole left lower limb. At the time of the second and third
      episodes of palsy she was in a left below-knee cast and it was not possible to
      fully assess the function of involved muscles clinically or
      electromyographically. Psychological factors due to prolonged disability and
      hospitalization were suspected as a possible cause of weakness. Therefore evoked
      potentials obtained by stimulation of the peroneal nerves were used to aid
      diagnosis. There was no response from lumbar and cerebral recording sites on
      stimulation of the peroneal nerve on the affected side. Diagnosis of a conduction
      block in the sciatic nerve was thus established. The patient recovered clinically
      and on repeated testing after motor recovery the cortical potential was
      attenuated and delayed by 15ms. Recurrent sciatic nerve palsy, occurring three
      times after hip trauma and with heterotopic bone formation and diagnostic
      application of evoked potential techniques, has not been previously reported.

PMID- 3843215
TI  - Neuropathological findings in a case of chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy.
AB  - A 52-year-old woman presented with increasing pain, weakness, and paraesthesiae
      of four months' duration in the lower limbs. She suffered from chronic
      obstructive airways disease and hypertension. Neurological examination revealed
      wasting of the quadriceps muscles, weakness of the lower limbs, and absent ankle
      jerks. The sensory examination was normal. Full blood count, ESR, biochemical,
      immunological, and viral studies, urinary heavy metal assays, and cerebrospinal
      fluid examination were normal. Nerve conduction studies were consistent with a
      sensorimotor neuropathy, and electromyographic sampling was consistent with acute
      denervation. A sural nerve biopsy showed axonal degeneration and segmental
      demyelination. One month after admission, she developed carbon dioxide retention.
      Her weakness spread to affect the upper limbs, and she could not be resuscitated
      after a cardiac arrest three months after admission. General autopsy examination
      revealed bronchopneumonia. Neuropathological examination showed a lymphocytic
      infiltrate in the nerve roots of the cauda equina, the lumbosacral plexus, and
      the sural and vagal nerves. Increased cellularity and collagen were evident in
      these nerves. A diagnosis of chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy was made. The
      neuropathology of this entity is discussed.

PMID- 3843216
TI  - Availability of drug assay results and dosage advice improves antiepileptic care
      in a specialist neurology outpatient clinic.
AB  - The incidence of grand mal seizures, distribution of drug levels relative to the
      therapeutic range and the incidence of side effects were monitored before and
      after the provision of same-day preconsultation assay results (phenytoin and
      carbamazepine) to an epilepsy clinic. A total of 300 patients completed the
      study. The proportion of patients fitting fell from 23.3% at entry to 10% at
      review (P less than 0.01) while the incidence of side effects fell from 30.7% to
      17.3% (P less than 0.01) and the proportion of phenytoin levels in the
      therapeutic range rose from 41% to 58% (P less than 0.01). Similar patterns were
      observed in 111 patients who entered the study during a control observation
      period. The provision of appropriate support services (assay results and dosage
      advice) to specialist epilepsy clinics allows improvement in the management of
      epilepsy.

PMID- 3843217
TI  - Clinical experience with clobazam: a new 1,5 benzodiazepine in the treatment of
      refractory epilepsy.
AB  - A benzodiazepine drug, clobazam, was evaluated in 14 refractory epileptic
      patients, nine of whom received the drug double-blind. Ten patients have been
      given clobazam long enough to assess results. Four showed marked benefit, four
      failed to respond and two showed a transient benefit which was maintained by dose
      changes of both clobazam and clonazepam. Side effects were minimal; doses ranged
      from 15 to 60 mg per day. Clobazam may have place in the treatment of the Lennox
      Gastaut syndrome and other types of refractory seizures.

PMID- 3843218
TI  - Examination of the problems confronting those with epilepsy.
AB  - This paper reports the findings of two studies using similar numbers of patients
      with epilepsy, but differing referral bases and investigative tools. It
      demonstrates that people with epilepsy still experience major problems in the
      areas of emotional adjustment and stability, personal relationships, and
      employment.

PMID- 3843219
TI  - A simple and validated tool for the clinician to assess psychosocial status when
      conducting anticonvulsant drug trials.
AB  - Using 94 people with epilepsy, categorized as either idiopathic or post
      traumatic, and subdivided according to the severity of the disorder, the WPSI was
      tested and found to be a simple and validated tool for the clinician to assess
      psychosocial status when conducting anticonvulsant drug trials.

PMID- 3843220
TI  - Peripheral autonomic surface potential: a quantitative technique for recording
      autonomic neural function in man.
AB  - Using EMG equipment with time-locked recording and standard averaging facilities
      we were able to record a previously poorly studied skin potential. The potential,
      termed by us by the peripheral autonomic surface potential (PASP), was recorded
      from the palmar surface of the hand and the plantar surface of the foot in 20
      normal subjects. The PASP consisted of a biphasic potential with an initial
      negative and a later positive peak. The mean palmar PASP latency was 1.51 +/-
      0.19 seconds and the mean plantar PASP latency was 2.09 +/- 0.24 seconds. The
      mean palmar and plantar PASP amplitudes were 485 +/- 100 microV and 102 +/- 45
      microV respectively. A mean central sympathetic conduction velocity was
      calculated at 1.2 +/- 0.21 m/s. In two patients with unilateral lumbar
      sympathectomy the ipsilateral plantar PASP was absent in one and of considerably
      reduced amplitude in the other. Both palmar and plantar PASPs were absent or of
      reduced amplitude in five patients with diabetes mellitus. The study indicates
      that the PASP may prove a useful quantitative test of central and peripheral
      autonomic function.

PMID- 3843221
TI  - Vulnerability of the dorsal root ganglion in experimental allergic
      encephalomyelitis.
AB  - The dorsal (posterior) root ganglion is a relatively neglected part of the
      nervous system from the clinical point of view. In recent studies on the
      pathophysiology of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the main animal
      model of multiple sclerosis, the DRG of the rabbit was shown to be the site of
      extensive inflammation and demyelination and of focal conduction block in a high
      proportion of the large diameter afferents. The resulting severe functional
      peripheral deafferentation accounts for the postural disturbance, hypotonia,
      ataxia and areflexia in rabbits with EAE. The vulnerability of the DRG is due to
      a deficient blood-nerve barrier and possibly also to a susceptibility of the
      branch point of the ganglion neurone to demyelination-induced conduction block.
      These and other studies in experimental animals suggest that in man the DRG may
      be a preferential (but neglected) site of focal structural and functional
      abnormalities in inflammatory and also other neurological diseases.

PMID- 3843222
TI  - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: effect of neonatal exposure to
      neuroantigen or neuroantigen immune cells on subsequent reactivity as adults.
AB  - Neonatal Lewis rats are resistant to both active induction of EAE with
      neuroantigen and passive induction by transfer of immune cells. Actively
      sensitized neonates are, as adults, resistant to further active induction of
      disease, but are susceptible to passive induction with immune cells. Passively
      sensitized neonates are susceptible to active and passive disease as adults. In
      fact, actively sensitized adult animals which had received immune cells as
      neonates develop EAE much sooner than control animals, suggesting a memory
      response and the persistence of the transferred cells in the host. The cells
      persist for at least six months and these animals might be considered to be
      inapparent carriers of autoimmune disease.

PMID- 3843223
TI  - Spatial contrast sensitivity in patients with multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Contrast sensitivity tests a basic visual function which is not examined by
      conventional visual acuity testing or visual evoked responses. It is frequently
      abnormal in patients with multiple sclerosis. The lack of relationship between
      VERs and SCSF implies that contrast sensitivity measures aspects of the visual
      system not examined by the conventional electrophysiological technique, probably
      visual function situated beyond the anterior visual pathway. It is therefore a
      useful complementary diagnostic test for patients with multiple sclerosis. Both
      VER and spatial contrast sensitivity separately detect a high proportion of
      patients with multiple sclerosis. When used in combination, the two techniques
      give a yield which approaches 100%. Contrast sensitivity testing as used here is
      cumbersome and time-consuming. Use of fewer spatial frequencies and/or adaptation
      of VER techniques for estimation of a contrast threshold may be more applicable
      for clinical use.

PMID- 3843224
TI  - A decision analytic approach to the role of visual evoked response and
      cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities in the management of singular spinal sclerosis.
AB  - With the use of Bayesian decision analytic techniques we assess the role of
      visual evoked response (VER) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations in the
      investigation of patients with suspected singular spinal sclerosis. An abnormal
      VER increases the probability of multiple sclerosis by 50%. An associated CSF
      abnormality does not affect this probability. In a setting of a negative VER, CSF
      abnormalities increase the probability of multiple sclerosis by 27%. On currently
      available data, VER should therefore be the primary investigation in patients
      with suspected singular spinal sclerosis. If the result is abnormal myelography
      may be omitted. CSF examinations are only useful if VER facilities are not
      available.

PMID- 3843225
TI  - Ophthalmological complications of cryptococcal meningitis.
AB  - Two patients with cryptococcal meningitis associated with ophthalmological
      complications are described. One patient developed a cryptococcal fundal lesion
      which disappeared during chemotherapy. Chronically raised intracranial pressure
      was associated with a visual field defect. This resolved with repeated lumbar
      punctures. The second patient developed visual deficits secondary to papilloedema
      and responded to optic nerve decompression. In both cases CT scanning
      demonstrated swelling of the optic nerves. In the second patient this regressed
      after decompression. A review of the variety of the ophthalmological
      complications of cryptococcal meningitis and their prevalence is presented. The
      risk of developing severe visual disability is assessed.

PMID- 3843226
TI  - Cryptococcal infection of the central nervous system.
AB  - Two patients with cryptococcal infection of the central nervous system are
      described. These cases illustrate the variability in mode of presentation of this
      disease. Upon diagnosis, both patients were initially treated with a combination
      of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. Despite an early clinical and serological
      response, limiting side effects occurred in both cases and 5-fluorocytosine
      treatment was terminated. In Case 2, 5-fluorocytosine therapy was reinstituted at
      lower dosages later in the course of the illness, with good results. Combination
      therapy is superior to amphotericin B alone. However, to circumvent significant
      toxicity problems close monitoring of renal function, peripheral blood counts and
      serum 5-fluorocytosine levels are essential. Treatment is usually administered
      for a minimum of six weeks and remission is assessed on clinical, mycological and
      serological grounds. Thereafter, adequate follow-up is mandatory.

PMID- 3843227
TI  - Phytanic acid oxidase deficiency in childhood.
AB  - Tables 2 and 5 summarize the major clinical and biochemical findings in these
      patients. Cases 1 and 2 resemble clinically the previous cases of children
      reported as suffering from infantile phytanic acid storage disease, Zellweger's
      disease, or neonatal adrenoleucodystrophy. Cases 3 and 4 differ strikingly from
      these and from one another. Numerous questions remain unanswered, but it seems
      likely that these patients have in common defects in peroxisomal function which
      are related but not identical. Why some patients with phytanic acid oxidase
      deficiency do not have significant elevation of serum phytanic acid is not known.
      These results, however, make it clear that a normal serum phytanic acid level
      does not exclude phytanic acid oxidase deficiency. In children with a progressive
      neurological illness, with liver disease, retinal disease, unexplained neuropathy
      or deafness, detailed studies of fatty acid metabolism are indicated, including
      lipoproteins, serum phytanic acid, C26:C22 long-chain fatty acid ratios, serum
      pipecolic acid and phytanic acid oxidase levels. Electron microscopy of liver
      biopsy specimens should be considered. Phytanic acid oxidase may prove a useful
      marker for some of these illnesses, and its usefulness could extend to prenatal
      diagnosis and assist in genetic counselling.

PMID- 3843229
TI  - Dermatoglyphics in ichthyosis vulgaris.

PMID- 3843228
TI  - Adult Lennox Gastaut syndrome: features and diagnostic problems.
AB  - A series of 25 adults with Lennox Gastaut syndrome is described, with special
      reference to the occurrence of clinical features resembling complex partial
      seizures. The majority of the patients showed seizure patterns that at one time
      or another had been mistaken for temporal lobe epilepsy. The use of video
      monitoring to make the definitive diagnosis in this condition becomes most
      important when the true inaccuracy of eyewitness descriptions of seizure patterns
      becomes evident, and the implications for the patient of the refractory nature of
      the tonic seizure is also revealed. This aspect of Lennox Gastaut syndrome does
      not seem to have been emphasized in series dealing with younger patients and it
      may well be that adult patients tend to display these characteristics which
      render diagnosis more difficult.

PMID- 3843230
TI  - Efficacy of miconazole in superficial mycoses.

PMID- 3843231
TI  - Systemic vasculitis.

PMID- 3843232
TI  - DLE changing into squamous cell carcinoma in an Indian farmer.

PMID- 3843233
TI  - Acne necrotica.

PMID- 3843234
TI  - Porphyria cutanea tarda symptomatica.

PMID- 3843235
TI  - Red cell phosphate metabolism in full-term neonates.
AB  - The effects of hypoxia and feeding on red cell inorganic phosphate (Pi)
      concentrations were studied in neonates. Although hypoxia caused a rise in
      extracellular Pi, the intracellular concentration of this ion did not change in
      comparison to control infants of the same age (first 24 h). As a result of these
      changes, the distribution of phosphate ions across the erythrocyte membrane was
      significantly lower in the hypoxic infants than in the controls. In the hypoxic
      infants, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in the red cells were found
      significantly lower than in controls, while the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)
      levels were raised. In breast-fed 2 or 3-day-old neonates, both plasma and red
      cell Pi were found to be increased but to different degrees, affecting therefore
      the molar Pi distribution, which was lower than in the controls of the first day.
      In these infants, ATP was lower and 2,3-DPG higher than in the controls of the
      first day of life. These findings suggest that intracellular phosphate metabolism
      in neonates does not follow extracellular phosphate changes. Further
      investigation is needed to elucidate the controlling factors.

PMID- 3843236
TI  - [Serum zinc levels in children with celiac disease].
AB  - The gastrointestinal tract is an important organ in the maintenance of zinc
      homeostasis. We determined the serum zinc level in 140 samples from 78 children
      with coeliac disease in different phases. Abnormally low values were found only
      in children with acute coeliac disease (50% below 2 SD), but not in children
      receiving a gluten-free diet. We therefore suggest to measure the serum zinc
      concentration in children with coeliac disease and to add a zinc supplementation
      in patients with diminished zinc values during a period of 2-4 weeks, because
      zinc deficiency could inhibit the recovery of the intestinal mucosa.

PMID- 3843237
TI  - Endocardial fibrosis and hydrops fetalis in a premature infant.
AB  - We describe a premature neonate with endocardial fibrosis associated with hydrops
      fetalis. The infant did not have any other cardiac disorder and expired with
      congestive heart failure when five days old. Endocardial fibroelastosis has been
      previously described in neonates but is rare and is usually associated with other
      cardiac malformations. In only two previous reports was endocardial
      fibroelastosis associated with hydrops and in both of these cases there were also
      valvular deformities. We also discuss the possible significance of this
      association.

PMID- 3843238
TI  - Effect of alpha-methyldopa excreted in human milk on the breast-fed infant.
AB  - A nursing infant whose mother took alpha-methyldopa (alpha-MD) was followed for 3
      months. Analysis of maternal serum and milk as well as the infant's serum and
      urine for alpha-MD revealed that the drug was excreted into maternal milk,
      absorbed by the infant and excreted in her urine, but no adverse clinical effects
      were noted during the follow-up period. alpha-MD is excreted in human milk in
      concentrations that probably do not harm the breast-fed infant.

PMID- 3843239
TI  - A fatal case of Q fever hepatitis in a child.
AB  - A two-year-old boy of Arabic extraction presented with progressive jaundice and
      prolonged pyrexia. Both IgM and IgG immunofluorescent antibody titers for Q fever
      were 1:1280. Two goats and one cow of the domestic animals owned by the family
      also had positive antibody titers against Q fever. In spite of antibiotic
      treatment with tetracyclines and chloramphenicol, the hepatic involvement
      progressed gradually. On the twentieth day of admission the child succumbed from
      hepatic failure. This child presents a rare case of fatal hepatic failure due to
      Q fever.

PMID- 3843240
TI  - [Current therapy of meningococcal infection in childhood].
AB  - The article discusses the present therapy of acute meningococcal septicemia.
      Besides adequate antibiotic treatment, the importance of early and aggressive
      shock and respiratory therapy, i.e. endotracheal intubation and mechanical
      ventilation, is stressed. The role of corticosteroids is discussed. The use of
      anticoagulants, fibrinolytic agents and inhibitors of fibrinolysis is
      discouraged.

PMID- 3843241
TI  - Extrapyramidal dysfunction after domperidone.

PMID- 3843242
TI  - Oculogyric crisis due to domperidone therapy.

PMID- 3843243
TI  - Neonatal hypercalcemia in preterm infants fed with human milk.
AB  - Hypercalcemia (serum Ca greater than or equal to 2.83 mmol/l) was detected in 10
      premature infants (gestational age: 31-37 weeks and birthweight: 1100-1950 g).
      All were fed with pooled human breast milk. Urinary Ca excretion was high
      (greater than 0.200 mmol/kg/24 h) in all but one infant while serum phosphorus
      (P) concentration and urinary P excretion were low. Serum immunoreactive
      parathyroid hormone and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin-D concentrations were normal. A
      significant positive correlation was found between serum Ca concentration and
      urinary Ca excretion, and a negative correlation between serum Ca concentration
      and serum P concentration or urinary P excretion. Hypercalcemia disappeared
      spontaneously in two patients, was corrected by a humanized milk in three
      patients and by P supplementation in five patients. These data suggest that
      neonatal hypercalcemia is related to P depletion induced by human breast milk in
      premature infants.

PMID- 3843244
TI  - Interruption of breast-feeding versus phototherapy as treatment of
      hyperbilirubinemia in full-term infants.
AB  - Since 1963 there are reports in the literature about the syndrome of breast milk
      jaundice. The factors that may contribute to this phenomenon are still unclear.
      In our study the effect of interruption of breast-feeding in 25 jaundiced full
      term infants was compared to the effect of phototherapy in 25 jaundiced otherwise
      healthy full-term infants. The results show that this treatment has the same
      therapeutic effect as phototherapy (p greater than 0.05) without its stressful
      complications and can be recommended as alternative treatment of this type of
      hyperbilirubinemia.

PMID- 3843245
TI  - The fragile X syndrome (Martin-Bell syndrome). Clinical and cytogenetic findings
      in 16 prepubertal boys and in 4 of their 5 families.
AB  - Clinical and cytogenetic findings from 16 prepubertal males with the fragile X
      syndrome (X-linked mental retardation with postpubertal macro-orchidism and
      fragile site at Xq27/8, or Martin-Bell syndrome) and from their families are
      reported. During the first postnatal years, protruding, large ears, full
      periorbital tissue, and thick septum and alae nasi were the most characteristic
      phenotypic findings, while after approximately 6 years of age a longish face with
      full lips and prominent maxilla and mandible became more distinct. It was
      estimated that a clinical suspicion of the fragile X syndrome could be made in
      most of the 16 boys from phenotypic findings in combination with the
      characteristic developmental profile described in our previous paper. The marker
      X chromosome was demonstrated in each of the 16 patients; the incidence of fra(X)
      positive cells did not correlate with either age or the degree of mental
      retardation. 13 boys stemmed from 2 families, the other 3 were sporadic cases. In
      one family with 11 affected boys, the gene was transmitted by 4 brothers,
      grandfathers to the probands, who were intellectually normal; three of them did
      not show the clinical picture of the fragile X syndrome and did not express the
      marker. All mentally subnormal heterozygote females and one half of daughters of
      heterozygotes revealed the marker, but this was present only in a minority of non
      retarded adult heterozygotes. In contrast to the overall incidence of about 1/4
      to 1/3 mentally retarded heterozygotes, all 15 daughters of the four normal
      obligatory hemizygous brothers were of normal intelligence.

PMID- 3843247
TI  - Beneficial effects of high-dose intravenous gammaglobulin on the accelerated
      phase of Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
AB  - The Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare, autosomal-recessively inherited
      disease characterized by giant cytoplasmic granules in neutrophils, monocytes and
      lymphocytes. It has been reported that a lymphoma-like illness develops in the
      accelerated phase of the syndrome and that early death ensues. Treatment of CHS
      has not been established, particularly when the accelerated phase develops. We
      treated a 15-year-old boy, who had entered into the accelerated phase, with high
      dose intravenous gammaglobulin. The treatment was beneficial in the management of
      accelerated phase of CHS.

PMID- 3843246
TI  - [Effectiveness of low- and high-dose caffeine on idiopathic bradycardia and
      hypoxemia in premature infants].
AB  - The efficacy of low and high dose caffeine on idiopathic bradycardia and
      hypoxaemia was tested in premature infants. Among 41 infants admitted to the
      study 21 fulfilled the criterion for treatment, e.g. greater than 3 bradycardia
      or greater than 3 hypoxaemia during 6 h, and received a low dose of caffeine
      citrate (loading dose 10 mg/kg, maintenance dose 5 mg/kg/24 h) resulting in serum
      concentrations of 42 +/- 19 mumol/l (M +/- SD). Four infants had to be excluded
      later because a possible cause for the increased frequency of bradycardia and
      hypoxaemia was found. Ten infants met the treatment criterion once more and got a
      double dose of caffeine resulting in serum concentrations of 90 +/- 35 mumol/l.
      The efficacy of caffeine was evaluated by comparing for each infant the 12-h
      period preceding the treatment with three 12-h periods during treatment. Low dose
      caffeine reduced significantly the frequency of bradycardia (less than 0.01), but
      not the frequency of hypoxaemia. In those infants with insufficient response, who
      consequently got high dose caffeine, the frequency of bradycardia decreased
      significantly (p less than 0.01), whereas the frequency of hypoxaemia did not.
      These results have to be confirmed in a randomized placebo controlled trial.

PMID- 3843248
TI  - [Annual meeting of the Swiss Society of Pediatrics. Zurich, 7-8 June 1985.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3843249
TI  - Mother to newborn and infant transmission of hepatitis B infections.

PMID- 3843250
TI  - Cholestasis due to D-penicillamine toxicity.

PMID- 3843251
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli towards six newer
      cephalosporins.

PMID- 3843252
TI  - Plasmapheresis: a review from the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur.

PMID- 3843253
TI  - Epidemiology of persistent hepatitis B virus infection.

PMID- 3843254
TI  - Should subspecialty training be recognized?

PMID- 3843255
TI  - Reduced bacterial adherence to silicone plastic neurosurgical prosthesis.
AB  - Bacteria have been shown to adhere to smooth surfaces, such as shunts, by
      secreting a complex polysaccharide coat called the glycocalyx. We assume that if
      bacterial adherence could be reduced to zero, foreign-body-related infections
      would be essentially eliminated. This study describes a new technique for
      quantitating bacterial adherence to plastic using radioactive chromium, and
      demonstrates that presoaking the silicone plastic surgical tubing used for
      ventriculoperitoneal and ventriculoatrial shunts in bacitracin A solution (50,000
      units in 250 ml) reduces the adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis by 54%. We
      conclude that pretreatment of a hydrocephalic shunt tubing with an aqueous
      bacitracin solution before its implantation may help to reduce the postoperative
      shunt infections due to direct contamination of the shunt at the time it is
      inserted.

PMID- 3843256
TI  - Intracranial meningiomas in children.
AB  - Thirteen cases of intracranial meningioma presenting in childhood were
      encountered at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto over a 51-year period.
      The clinical features, radiology, operative findings and outcome are reviewed.

PMID- 3843257
TI  - Mode of prevention by phototherapy of cerebellar hypoplasia in a new Sprague
      Dawley strain of jaundiced Gunn rats.
AB  - Postnatal changes in cerebellar wet weight and the effect of phototherapy were
      studied using a new strain of Gunn rats with a genetic background of the Sprague
      Dawley strain (SDGR). The cerebellar wet weight of homozygous rats reached a
      maximum at postnatal day 10 and then it gradually decreased up to day 20,
      suggesting that the cerebellar hypoplasia of the rats was a consequence both of
      cellular underdevelopment and degeneration. Histological examinations of the 10
      cerebellar lobules showed that lobules I-VIII of homozygotes were severely
      damaged while lobules IX and X were less affected, coinciding with previous
      reports of Wistar strain Gunn rats. Photoirradiation with blue light of
      homozygous rats from day 1 through 15 markedly improved their cerebellar
      development, and the cerebellar wet weight of these rats was almost comparable to
      that of heterozygous rats as examined at day 30. Photoirradiation from day 1 to 5
      protected, though not fully, lobules I-V and VIII against damage, but not lobules
      VI and VII at all. Photoirradiation from day 6 to 10 prevented all the lobules
      from hypoplasia. Irradiation from day 11 to 15 was effective only at the tips of
      lobules VI and VII. These results indicate that the cerebellar hypoplasia of
      jaundiced Gunn rats can be effectively prevented by a series of photoirradiation
      during a particular period after birth and also that the most effective period is
      different among the lobules.

PMID- 3843258
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the Dandy-Walker malformation.
AB  - Five cases of the Dandy-Walker malformation are described using the magnetic
      resonance (MR) scan as a primary imaging technique. The patients' ages ranged
      from 34 weeks (in utero) to 41 years; their clinical and neuroanatomical
      characteristics encompassed the entire spectrum of the malformation. Clear
      visualization of the greatly enlarged posterior fossa, Dandy-Walker cyst, and
      absence of the inferior vermis established the pathological diagnosis and
      excluded other structural defects. In 3 patients, MR demonstration of the
      aqueduct and evidence of pressure on adjacent tissue aided in the surgical
      planning for ventricular decompression. The MR scan is a significant advancement
      in the radiological diagnosis of the Dandy-Walker malformation. The major
      technical advantage of the scan consists in its ability to delineate intracranial
      morphology in multiple planes.

PMID- 3843260
TI  - The neuro image quiz. Diastematomyelia.

PMID- 3843259
TI  - Spinal metastasis in primitive neuroectodermal tumors (medulloblastoma) of the
      posterior fossa: evaluation with CT myelography and correlation with patient age
      and tumor differentiation.
AB  - Twelve consecutive children with primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the
      posterior fossa (PNET-PF) were evaluated for spinal metastases with CT
      metrizamide myelography (CTMM) in the early postoperative period. Metastases were
      identified in 5 children (42%) and all were noted to have deposits in the
      thoracic region. All children with metastases were less than 3 years old and had
      differentiated PNET-PF.

PMID- 3843261
TI  - Suprasellar mass in an Indian girl.

PMID- 3843263
TI  - An electron microscopic observation on the developing sympathetic ganglia of
      hamsters.
AB  - An electron microscopic observation has been made on the superior cervical
      ganglia of 2-day-old hamsters, in which most nerve cells were still immature and
      were named as primitive sympathetic nerve cells. They were small in size and 2 or
      3 cells were grouped together to become many cell clusters. Only the periphery of
      each cell cluster was enclosed by the satellite cell cytoplasm. In these
      primitive nerve cells, only mitochondria, granular endoplasmic reticulum and
      Golgi apparatus were relatively prominent and the other cytoplasmic organelles
      were poorly developed. Axo-somatic synapses were found in the ganglia. Many
      unmyelinated nerve fibers were present in the ganglia. These nerve fibers were
      surrounded by the Schwann cell cytoplasm. Active mitotic divisions of the nerve
      cells were found in the superior cervical ganglia of 9-day-old hamsters and
      resulted in an increase in the number of nerve cells. The size of the nerve cells
      also increased and became young sympathetic nerve cells. In the 10-day-old
      hamsters, each young nerve cell was entirely enclosed by the satellite cell
      cytoplasm. The number of cytoplasmic organelles was increased considerably. Axo
      somatic and axo-dendritic synapses were also observed in the ganglia of 10-day
      old hamsters. The present study revealed that the developed cytoplasmic
      organelles in the young nerve cells of the 30-day-old young hamsters reached the
      level of the mature nerve cells in the ganglia of the adult hamsters. Multiple
      desmosomes were detected in the ganglia of both the young and adult hamsters.

PMID- 3843262
TI  - Occurrence of an astrocytoma in a patient with Williams syndrome.
AB  - The Williams elfin facies syndrome (Williams-Beuren syndrome) is a disorder
      characterized by a typical facies, supravalvular aortic stenosis and mental
      retardation. Its coexistence with a brain tumor has, so far, never been
      described. Recently, we treated a patient who was previously diagnosed as having
      Williams syndrome for a cerebral astrocytoma. In view of the incidence of
      astrocytomas in children and the occurrence of Williams syndrome, we want to
      report this coincidence.

PMID- 3843265
TI  - [Results and prognostic factors in cancer of the uterine cervix].

PMID- 3843264
TI  - Mechanism of pigeon liver malic enzyme: modification of essential carboxyl
      groups.
AB  - The maximum velocity of the reaction catalyzed by the pigeon liver malic enzyme
      depends on the ionization of a functional group of pKa 6.7. This pKa value is
      independent of temperature within the range 30 degrees-49 degrees C, suggesting
      the ionization of a carboxyl group. The enzyme activity is inactivated by N-ethyl
      5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate (Woodward reagent K) at pH 6.0 and 25 degrees C.
      N-Methylhydroxamine regenerates the enzymatic activity whereas glycine ethyl
      ester does not. The addition of Mn2+, NADP+, and L-malate to the incubation
      mixture decreases the inactivation rate, suggesting that the reaction takes place
      in the active center. The binding capacities of the modified enzyme with NADP+, L
      malate, pyruvate, and Mn2+ are not impaired. The kinetic and chemical evidence
      indicates that the inactivation is due to the modification of a carboxyl group
      which may be from glutamyl or aspartyl residues of the enzyme. This carboxyl
      group might function as a general acid-base catalyst. A detailed mechanism in
      terms of the exact amino acid residues involved is proposed.

PMID- 3843266
TI  - [Experience in a unit for pregnant adolescents].

PMID- 3843267
TI  - [Incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnancy].

PMID- 3843268
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Gyneco-obstetrical aspects].

PMID- 3843269
TI  - [Regulations applicable to fertilization in vitro and embryo transfer].

PMID- 3843270
TI  - [Risk, maternal and fetal of pregnancy in patients with heart valve diseases].

PMID- 3843271
TI  - [Intrasellar expansive prolactin-secreting or non-secreting processes (clinical
      experience in 80 cases)].

PMID- 3843272
TI  - [Results of the treatment of cancer of the vagina].

PMID- 3843273
TI  - [Management of a severe hypertensive syndrome of pregnancy, in a base hospital].

PMID- 3843274
TI  - [Culture media and quality control in an in vitro fertilization program].

PMID- 3843275
TI  - [Ectopic pregnancy (experience in 132 cases)].

PMID- 3843276
TI  - [Examination of the female with postmenopause hemorrhage].

PMID- 3843277
TI  - [Bacteriology and principles of medico-surgical treatment of tubo-ovarian
      abscess].

PMID- 3843278
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiological study of abortion, in Chilean women].

PMID- 3843280
TI  - [Morphological classification of the stage of maturation of oocytes recovered in
      an in vitro fertilization program].

PMID- 3843279
TI  - [Uterine inversion: a 20-year review].

PMID- 3843282
TI  - [Herpes genitalis].

PMID- 3843281
TI  - [Results of the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium].

PMID- 3843283
TI  - [Ureteral lesions in gynecological, oncological and general surgery].

PMID- 3843284
TI  - [Gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT). Report of the 1st pregnancy].

PMID- 3843285
TI  - [Ventriculo-amniotic shunt in a fetus with hydrocephalus].

PMID- 3843286
TI  - [The video colpoperineogram of normal micturition].

PMID- 3843287
TI  - [Late primiparity].

PMID- 3843288
TI  - [Aggressive management of imminent abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy
      due to cervix incompetence].

PMID- 3843289
TI  - [Effect of maternal fasting on basal electronic monitoring of fetal heart rate].

PMID- 3843290
TI  - [Endotoxic shock in septic abortion].

PMID- 3843291
TI  - Frontiers in immunology.

PMID- 3843293
TI  - Molecular genetics of class I genes--1984.

PMID- 3843292
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies: novel to Nobel.

PMID- 3843294
TI  - Progress in complement research: 1984.

PMID- 3843295
TI  - Immunotoxicology--1984.

PMID- 3843296
TI  - NK cells and tumor immunity: 1984.

PMID- 3843297
TI  - Dexamethasone stimulation of fetal rat lung antioxidant enzyme activity in
      parallel with surfactant stimulation.
AB  - It has recently been determined that fetal lung antioxidant enzyme activity
      markedly increases late in gestation. A test was made of whether this normal late
      in-gestation change in O2-protective enzymes would be responsive to the maturing
      effect of hormonal (glucocorticoid) treatment. Pregnant rats received 0.2 mg/kg
      of dexamethasone (or saline) at 48 and 24 hours prior to delivery of their
      fetuses on gestational days 19, 20, 21, and 22 (newborn). Lung disaturated
      phosphatidylcholine showed an expected response to prenatal dexamethasone
      exposure with significant elevations of surfactant lipid at gestational days 20
      and 21. A similar effect of prenatal dexamethasone treatment on the lung
      antioxidant defensive system was found. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and
      glutathione peroxidase--enzymes protective against hyperoxia-induced lung injury-
      showed an accelerated pattern of maturation with significant increases in the
      dexamethasone-treated fetal lungs compared with control fetal lung enzyme levels
      at gestational days 20 and 21. The results suggest that prenatal dexamethasone
      treatment may have dual benefits when used in impending premature deliveries-
      that is, it may stimulate maturation of both the surfactant system and also the
      antioxidant enzyme system, and this maturation can help protect the premature
      newborn's lungs from the toxic complications of hyperoxic therapy that may be
      required because of immaturity.

PMID- 3843298
TI  - [Effect of different methods of reflexotherapy on bronchial nonspecific
      hyperreactivity in bronchial asthma in children].

PMID- 3843299
TI  - A computational model of hippocampal place fields.
AB  - There are neurons in the hippocampus that become active only when an animal is
      near a particular location in a specific environment. The activity of some of
      these units is known to be governed by the configuration of a small set of
      discrete landmarks. In order to respond in this fashion, these neurons must, in
      effect, be able to recognize particular locations. A model of this recognition
      process is described which is able to make quantitative predictions about how the
      response of these place-field units varies as properties of the environmental
      landmarks are manipulated. Computer simulations of the model show that it is
      consistent with the available quantitative data. These simulations also predict
      large, characteristic changes in place-field location and size with manipulations
      of the environmental landmarks. Comparison of this kind of prediction with actual
      experiments will serve as a test of the validity of the model.

PMID- 3843300
TI  - Epinephrine-induced learning under anesthesia: retention performance at several
      training-testing intervals.
AB  - While under deep barbiturate anesthesia, rats received a series of 10 classical
      conditioning trials in which white noise was paired with intramuscular shock. The
      anesthetized animals received either saline or epinephrine injections prior to
      the training trials. Independent sets of animals were tested for retention
      performance 2, 7, or 15 days after training. In these test trials, a conditioned
      suppression measure was used in which the white noise was turned on while the
      animals were drinking. The results indicated that the animals that had received
      saline while trained under anesthesia exhibited no evidence of later retention.
      Animals that had received epinephrine injections prior to training under
      anesthesia suppressed their drinking in the presence of the white noise when
      tested 2 or 7, but not 15, days later. Thus, the results indicate that
      epinephrine can enable learning under anesthesia and, in addition, forgetting
      occurs within 15 days.

PMID- 3843301
TI  - Shock controllability and the nature of stress-induced analgesia.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to examine the impact of the escapability of
      shock on the nature of the analgesia produced by shock. In Experiment 1, rats
      were exposed to 0, 20, 40, or 80 escapable or yoked inescapable shocks. Tail
      flick testing revealed a "double-peak" pattern in which analgesia was present
      after 20 and 80 shocks. This was true for both escapable and inescapable shock.
      Analgesia after 20 escapable or inescapable shocks was insensitive to naltrexone,
      as was the analgesia after 80 escapable shocks. However, the analgesia after 80
      inescapable shocks was completely blocked by naltrexone. Moreover, in Experiment
      2 the analgesia following 80 inescapable shocks persisted for at least 2 hr,
      whereas it dissipated rapidly following 80 escapable shocks. Further, the
      analgesia produced by escapable shock even dissipated with the continued
      occurrence of escapable shock. Finally, shock controllability was shown to alter
      the analgesia produced by subsequent exposure to shock. Prior experience with
      controllable shock completely blocked the late-appearing naltrexone reversible
      analgesia; prior experience with uncontrollable shock led it to appear sooner.

PMID- 3843302
TI  - Differential changes in noradrenaline turnover in specific regions of rat brain
      produced by controllable and uncontrollable shocks.
AB  - A series of three studies was performed to investigate the effects of the ability
      to avoid or escape shock (controllability) and the lack of ability to do so
      (uncontrollability) on noradrenergic neurons in various brain regions of male
      Wistar rats. The levels of noradrenaline (NA) and its major metabolite, 3-methoxy
      4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate (MHPG-SO4), in the hypothalamus, amygdala,
      thalamus, midbrain, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, pons plus medulla oblongata,
      and basal ganglia were measured fluorometrically. These studies indicated that
      after 3 hr and 6 hr in a free operant avoidance-escape stress procedure, the
      experimental rats able to avoid or escape shock showed greater increases in NA
      turnover (lower NA levels and higher MHPG-SO4 levels) in specific brain regions
      (i.e., the hypothalamus, amygdala, and thalamus) than the yoked rats unable to
      control the same shock. After 21 hr of stress, in contrast to stress of either 3
      hr or 6-hr duration, the yoked rats exhibited a more marked enhancement of NA
      turnover in these brain regions than did experimental rats. Once shock
      controlling responses had been acquired and well established by experimental
      rats, the responses of NA neurons in these rats did not differ markedly from
      those in the nonshocked control rats. Yoked rats given the same repetitive
      sessions of uncontrollable shock displayed sustained increases in NA turnover
      preferentially in the hypothalamus and amygdala, compared with the experimental
      rats. These results suggest that NA release in specific brain regions in the
      experimental "coping" rats is increased before the rats have learned the
      effective coping response. However, once a coping response is firmly established,
      NA release is reduced.

PMID- 3843303
TI  - Tumor growth in rats: conditioned suppression of food intake and preference.
AB  - Rats with experimental tumors developed strong aversions to a novel diet they
      consumed during tumor growth. Aversions were not evident when the food available
      during tumor growth was familiar laboratory chow. The impact of learned food
      aversions on tumor anorexia was evidenced by more severe and long-lasting
      hypophagia in tumor-bearing animals maintained on a novel diet than in those
      maintained on laboratory chow. Thus, when a diet is a salient target for the
      development of learned aversions, the aversions that develop to it can make
      substantial contributions to the overall syndrome of tumor anorexia. In addition,
      frequent changes of the diet offered to tumor-bearing rats was associated with
      milder anorexia than that produced by maintaining tumor-bearing rats on a
      constant diet. Apparently, the prevention of learned food aversions, or the
      repeated replacement of aversive foods, can minimize the impact of learned food
      aversions and attenuate anorexia in tumor-bearing animals.

PMID- 3843304
TI  - Neurochemical and behavioral factors in the development of tolerance to
      anorectics.
AB  - Tolerance and cross-tolerance among several anorectic drugs were investigated in
      four separate tests. The same animals served as subjects in all four tests. In
      the first test, animals given milk shortly after injection of 3 mg/kg amphetamine
      (Cont group) developed tolerance to amphetamine anorexia, but animals given milk
      when amphetamine's anorectic effects had worn off (Noncon group) did not develop
      tolerance in spite of equal drug exposure. In the second test, Cont animals were
      tolerant to 2 mg/kg apomorphine, a drug with a neurochemical action related to
      amphetamine. No tolerance to 2 mg/kg apomorphine was shown by the Noncon animals.
      Next, it was found that both Cont and Noncon groups were tolerant to a smaller
      dose of 1.25 mg/kg apomorphine. The final test replicated part of the first test;
      that is, the Cont group was tolerant to amphetamine, but the Noncon group was
      not. In addition, animals in neither group were tolerant to anorexia produced by
      5 mg/kg fenfluramine, a drug whose action is neurochemically different from
      amphetamine and apomorphine. From these experiments it appears that both learning
      and specific neurochemical mechanisms are involved in the development of
      tolerance to anorectic drugs.

PMID- 3843305
TI  - An intraventricular infusion model for inducing morphine dependence in rats:
      quantitative assessment of precipitated withdrawal.
AB  - An experimental model of morphine dependence, in which rats were made dependent
      upon morphine by intraventricular infusion, is described. Morphine dependence was
      assessed and quantified by a series of withdrawal signs that were induced by the
      intraperitoneal administration of the morphine antagonist naloxone. The infusion
      of different concentrations of morphine resulted in the production of physical
      dependence, the severity of which was directly correlated with the concentration
      of morphine infused. A weak to moderate degree of dependence characterized by
      such withdrawal signs as teeth chattering, whole-body shakes, and vocalization
      was produced by infusions of morphine less than 5 micrograms/hr. A strong degree
      of physical dependence characterized by additional dominant withdrawal signs such
      as jumping and launching was produced by the infusion of 50 micrograms/hr
      morphine. The morphine pellet model that most closely approximated this degree of
      dependence was a three-pellet model in which a single 75-mg morphine pellet was
      implanted at 48-hr intervals. Abstinence precipitated by removal of the morphine
      containing osmotic minipumps was characterized primarily by teeth chattering and
      whole-body shakes which persisted for at least 48 hr.

PMID- 3843306
TI  - A proposed animal model for hallucinogens based on LSD's effects on patterns of
      exploration in rats.
AB  - The utility of various measures of exploratory activity in rats was studied in
      order to develop an animal model of hallucinogens. A hole board chamber,
      connected by a door to a home cage, provided two test situations. Rats either
      were placed directly into the hole board with the door closed (forced
      exploration) or were placed in the home cage and, following adaptation, the door
      was opened (free exploration). The monitoring system provided both quantitative
      measures (crossovers, rearings, and hole pokes) and qualitative measures of
      locomotor patterns. A series of four experiments, with doses of 2-160
      micrograms/kg LSD, revealed three major categories of effects, distinguishable on
      the basis of dose dependency, time course, or response to environmental
      manipulation: increased avoidance of novel and central areas, disruption of the
      spatial patterning of locomotion, and suppression of rearing. All three effects
      exhibited partial tolerance 24 hr after one injection of 30 micrograms/kg LSD and
      complete tolerance after five daily injections. The possibility that LSD's
      enhancement of neophobia in rats may be a valid analogue model of its
      intensification of affective reactions in humans is discussed.

PMID- 3843307
TI  - Short-term and long-term habituation of the acoustic startle response in chronic
      decerebrate rats.
AB  - Chronic decerebrate rats, maintained in good condition for 31-84 postoperative
      days, showed significant within-session habituation of the acoustic startle
      response. However, they showed no habituation over days under conditions that
      produced significant response deficits in controls. The decerebrates' stimulus
      provoked response deficits may have endured for up to 40 min between sessions,
      and they were apparently more than normally susceptible to stimulus-provoked
      sensitization. The data are consistent with intrinsic models which assume that
      the mechanisms for short-term habituation are intrinsic to the stimulus-response
      (S-R) pathway in the lower brain stem. On the other hand, relatively permanent
      long-term habituation of the acoustic startle response must be mediated by
      extrinsic mechanisms rostral to the S-R pathway which superimpose an inhibitory
      influence on that pathway.

PMID- 3843308
TI  - Behaviorally measured refractory periods are lengthened by reducing electrode tip
      exposure or raising current.
AB  - Small tip exposures and high currents allow the stimulation of high-threshold
      axons. These studies were conducted to measure the effects of current and tip
      surface area on stimulation parameters required to produce a constant rate of
      self-stimulation of lateral hypothalamic sites, or of circling when stimulating
      medial brain stem sites. Thresholds for circling decreased when tip surface area
      was decreased to 0.01 mm2. Refractory period curves for both circling and self
      stimulation were shifted to slightly longer intrapair intervals when tip surface
      area was decreased or current was increased. This suggests that long refractory
      period axons make larger contributions when current density is increased.
      Chronaxies were not lengthened by small tip exposures but were reduced when
      electrodes were placed far lateral to the circling substrate.

PMID- 3843309
TI  - Female and male sexual responses in female cats with ventromedial hypothalamic
      lesions.
AB  - The effects of lesions in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) on male and female
      sexual behavior in female cats were examined. Following preoperative testing for
      receptivity, proceptivity, and male mating behavior, 27 female cats received
      either lesions in the anterior or posterior portion of the VMH or sham lesions.
      Neither of the VMH lesion placements reduced proceptivity and receptivity scores.
      However, the female mating pattern was significantly altered in that although
      females in both lesion groups initially allowed a stud male to mount, they
      usually did not allow the male to intromit. As in rodents, the VMH in the cat
      appears to be an important neural area for the display of normal female sexual
      behavior. Low levels of male sexual behavior were seen in the three groups
      preoperatively, and no changes were observed in the levels of male behavior
      following lesion placement. Thus, because lesions that disrupted female behavior
      did not affect male sexual behavior, it appears that the neural areas controlling
      homotypical and heterotypical sexual behaviors are not necessarily neurally
      linked.

PMID- 3843310
TI  - Role of the anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area in the regulation of courtship
      behavior in the male Canadian red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis
      parietalis): lesion experiments.
AB  - Lesions of the medial preoptic area and/or the ventromedial hypothalamus resulted
      in an abrupt and immediate decline in courtship behavior in adult male Canadian
      red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis). Lesions of the more
      anterior portions of the preoptic area resulted in a more gradual, delayed
      decline in courtship behavior. Male snakes sustaining lesions dorsal, ventral, or
      caudal to the anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area exhibited no change in
      courtship behavior relative to controls. Measurements of testis size,
      spermatogenic stage, and circulation levels of androgens revealed no differences
      between any of the groups. There were marked differences in the change in
      hematocrit over time between the groups. These results indicate that the anterior
      hypothalamus-preoptic area is involved in the control of courtship behavior in
      the adult male red-sided garter snake. Moreover, it is suggested that the
      stimulus affecting the anterior hypothalamus-preoptic area to activate courtship
      is temperature related.

PMID- 3843311
TI  - Extinction of response to urine odor as a consequence of vomeronasal organ
      removal in male guinea pigs.
AB  - It has been found that removal of the vomeronasal chemoreceptor organ (VNO) in
      male guinea pigs disrupted investigatory responses to conspecific odors but this
      disruption was time-dependent; immediately following surgery, behavior appeared
      almost normal, whereas several months following surgery, animals became very
      unresponsive to conspecific odor. It was hypothesized that in the absence of a
      functional VNO, the main olfactory system (MOS) was capable of maintaining
      response to conspecific odor but that this response extinguished following
      repeated exposures. However, postsurgical change in the central nervous system,
      unrelated to exposure to the bioassay, remained a possible explanation. In order
      to separate these hypotheses, the VNO was surgically removed in two groups of
      animals (A and B), and a third group (C) experienced sham surgery. Beginning 3
      weeks following surgery, males in Groups A and C were given two standard urine
      response tests/week for 24 weeks. Initiation of testing of Group B animals was
      delayed until Week 15 following surgery. Results indicated that (a) responses of
      Group A declined relative to those of Group C, (b) at the first postsurgical
      test, Group B was as responsive to urine as Group C and much more responsive than
      Group A and (c) a decline in responses for Group B occurred during tests after
      Week 15. The data therefore strongly supported the extinction hypothesis. The MOS
      is capable of eliciting a high level of investigatory behavior in response to
      female urine odors, but in the absence of the VNO, this response wanes, perhaps
      due to a loss of reinforcing properties associated with VNO stimulation.

PMID- 3843312
TI  - Olfactory discrimination in rats with anterior amygdala lesions.
AB  - In Experiment 1, rats with posterior lateral olfactory tract/anterior amygdala
      lesions or with control neocortical lesions were tested for retention of a
      preoperatively learned odor detection task and for learning on new odor
      discrimination problems. All rats had perfect or near-perfect retention of the
      detection task, and there were no discernible differences between groups in
      learning on the new odor discrimination problems. In Experiment 2, an intensity
      difference threshold for olfaction was determined in 4 rats before and after
      lesions of the posterior lateral olfactory tract and anterior amygdala. There
      were no apparent differences between pre- and postoperative performances on this
      psychophysical test. These results indicate that lateral olfactory tract
      projections to the amygdala and posterior olfactory cortex are not essential for
      normal performance on simple olfactory discrimination tasks.

PMID- 3843313
TI  - Odor-related bulbar EEG spatial pattern analysis during appetitive conditioning
      in rabbits.
AB  - Mildly thirsty rabbits were classically conditioned by reinforcement with water
      to give a discriminative licking response to the presentation of odors. The jaw
      movement component of the licking conditioned response (JM CR) was elicited only
      by the reinforced odor; an increase in the relative frequency of sniffing (RR CR)
      occurred to both reinforced (CS+) and nonreinforced (CS-) odors. Oscillatory
      electroencephalographic bursts of high-frequency (40-80 Hz) potentials were
      recorded epidurally from the lateral olfactory bulb with 64-electrode arrays (8 X
      8, 3.5 X 3.5 mm) chronically implanted. Emphasis was on comparing bursts during
      odor presentation with bursts preceding odor arrival on each trial. A "detection"
      burst was characterized as occurring immediately after odor arrival and before
      the sniff response. "Discrimination" bursts occurred during the RR CR and before
      the JM CR onset. Significant air-odor burst differences (together with sniffing)
      occurred through up to six sessions for both CS+ and CS- odors for
      "discrimination" bursts but not for "detection" bursts.

PMID- 3843314
TI  - Cholinergic receptor blockade in the rat impairs locale but not taxon strategies
      for place navigation in a swimming pool.
AB  - Normal rats and rats drugged with atropine sulfate, a cholinergic muscarinic
      blocker, were evaluated in the Morris water task for their use of spatial
      navigation strategies. Atropine-treated rats were impaired on a place response of
      swimming to a platform hidden in a pool filled with opaque water. With extended
      training, they did learn the place response, though not with control precision,
      as shown by better than chance heading angles upon swim initiation, searches in
      the old location for a platform that had been moved, and by correct swims from
      novel starting locations. Acquisition could not be accounted for by habituation
      to the drug. In contrast with the acquisition deficit, pretrained rats were
      relatively unimpaired by the drug. In separate experiments, the strategies used
      by the drugged animals were examined. Atropine-treated rats were not impaired in
      acquisition or retention of a cue task, swimming to a visible platform, or a
      position response task, turning left to locate a platform, but both control and
      atropine-treated rats were unable to reverse position responses. Possibly,
      atropine-treated rats can use cue and position response strategies in part or in
      combination to acquire a place response. Atropine-treated rats were unable to
      acquire a place learning set, which involved swimming to a new location each day,
      a response that is eventually performed by normal rats in approximately one
      trial. They also were unable to perform a learning-set response, which they had
      acquired when undrugged. Insofar as the impairments following atropine are
      characteristic of a deficit in the use of a locale strategy, that is, making
      rapid use of relational properties of distal cues, whereas their successes are
      characteristic of the use of taxon strategies, that is, cue or position
      responses, the results suggest that locale systems of navigation are more
      importantly dependent on cholinergic brain mechanisms than taxon strategies. The
      resistance of preacquired place responses to atropine may suggest that normally
      rats acquire place responses by using a locale strategy but effect rehearsed
      responses by using taxon strategies. Finally, characteristic differences in
      acquisition, retention, and reversal of atropine-treated and control rats using
      different navigational strategies suggest new possibilities for interpreting
      various performance features displayed by animals after other types of treatment.

PMID- 3843315
TI  - Induced corneal swelling: an experimental model for investigation of collagen and
      interfibrillar substance relationships.
AB  - We report on the evolution of ultrastructural modifications in bovine and rabbit
      corneal sections after in vitro swelling. The number of stromal fibers decreases
      with time during swelling. The fact that swelling occurs more rapidly in the
      center of a lamellae than near the interlamellar spaces indicates that there is a
      heterogeneous distribution of interfibrillar matrix components and that corneal
      inhibition mechanisms vary according to the number of lamellaes. The appearance
      during swelling of periodic striations of collagen fibers and of an irregular
      network constituted of filaments and granules in the interfibrillar spaces
      suggests that corneal collagen fibers are covered by a pleated proteoglycan
      glycoportein substance that is unrolled during swelling. The filaments seem to be
      linked to collagen via dense granules located on fibers. The distance between the
      granules is 643 A. A definite correspondence between the distribution of these
      linking granules and the periodic striations of collagen cannot be determined.
      Other granules of undetermined chemical nature seem to link only filaments in the
      interfibrillar space.

PMID- 3843316
TI  - Fibronectin in alkali burns of the rabbit cornea.
AB  - Alkali burns of the cornea were made bilaterally in 16 albino rabbits. The eyes
      were then treated four times a day in a masked fashion with a solution either of
      fibronectin (250 micrograms/ml) plus gentamicin (1.5 mg/ml) or of gentamicin (1.5
      mg/ml) plus hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Tears Naturale). The eyes were
      examined daily in a masked manner for evidence of a corneal epithelial defect. On
      days 6-14, the fibronectin-treated eyes had more healed corneal defects (p less
      than 0.05, McNemar's test for matched pairs) than the control eyes. Fibronectin
      aided the healing of corneal alkali burns by decreasing the peeling back of the
      healing epithelium and by allowing re-epithelialization if peeling back had
      occurred. These properties of fibronectin helped to preserve a stable, intact
      corneal surface.

PMID- 3843317
TI  - Lactate levels in the rabbit cornea and aqueous humor subsequent to non-gas
      permeable contact lens wear.
AB  - The validity of using the aqueous humor lactate concentration as an indicator of
      corneal lactate production was tested. For this purpose, ten rabbits wore non-gas
      permeable contact lenses on one eye for 12 hours. Aqueous humor and corneal
      extracts were assayed for lactate by means of an enzymatic technique. The contact
      lens wear caused a limited increment in the corneal lactate concentration, but no
      change was recorded in the aqueous humor. We therefore conclude that the corneal
      lactate production has a negligible effect on the lactate concentration in
      aqueous humor. However, significant individual variations in lactate levels were
      recorded in the present study, as in earlier ones. Insufficient specificity in
      the currently used techniques for lactic acid concentration determination may in
      part explain this.

PMID- 3843318
TI  - Influence of cyclosporin A, dexamethasone, and benzalkonium chloride (BAK) on
      corneal epithelial wound healing in the rabbit and guinea pig eye.
AB  - Corneal erosions were produced by iodine vapor application in rabbit and guinea
      pig eyes. The corneal erosion of each eye was photographed four times daily after
      fluorescein staining and the erosion area measured planimetrically. Thirty-six
      percent of the corneal epithelium was destroyed in rabbits and 67% in guinea
      pigs. In guinea pigs, wound healing was delayed significantly by Spersadex,
      Totocortin, and benzalkonium chloride (BAK) 0.01% in the experimental eye.
      Spersadex also caused a significant delay in wound healing in the nontreated
      contralateral eye. Cyclosporin A 2% and Oculotect had no influence on epithelial
      wound healing. An 8-day pretreatment of guinea pig eyes with cyclosporin A or
      Spersadex had no further influence on the epithelial wound-healing rate.

PMID- 3843319
TI  - Fluorophotometric studies on postmortem changes in porcine corneal endothelial
      barrier functions.
AB  - Using an in vitro fluorophotometric technique, we studied the effect of
      postmortem storage duration on the endothelial barrier function of porcine
      corneas. A marked decay in endothelial barrier function was demonstrated that
      correlated with duration of storage. This decay appears to be nearly complete
      after 2 weeks of storage. This loss of barrier function correlated grossly with
      ultrastructural changes demonstrated on scanning electron microscopy.

PMID- 3843321
TI  - Serum immunoglobulins of women with precancerous and cancerous lesions of uterine
      cervix.

PMID- 3843320
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic study: the effect of balanced salt solution on
      rabbit corneal endothelium.
AB  - A serial study was carried out with the scanning electron microscope every 5 h to
      examine the endothelial alterations that occur when the rabbit cornea remains in
      the eye after enucleation. The findings are compared with those encountered when
      the cornea with a scleral rim was removed from the globe immediately after
      enucleation, immersed in Balanced Salt Solution, and observed at the same time
      intervals. Our results indicate that this procedure protects the corneal
      endothelium for at least 20 h.

PMID- 3843322
TI  - Electrocardiographic changes by thoracic irradiation.

PMID- 3843323
TI  - Serum protein bound fucose levels in hepatic malignancy.

PMID- 3843324
TI  - Avascular necrosis following combination chemotherapy.

PMID- 3843325
TI  - Studies with MPG against the side effects of cyclophosphamide (Endoxan)--a
      preliminary study.

PMID- 3843326
TI  - Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia as a diagnostic clue to unsuspected
      malignancy in a young girl.

PMID- 3843328
TI  - A few characteristic features of the patients with psychosomatic skin
      disturbances: a projective study.

PMID- 3843327
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF)
      in stage II breast cancer in Indian patients.

PMID- 3843329
TI  - Systematised comedo naevus.

PMID- 3843330
TI  - Non-familial tuberous sclerosis.

PMID- 3843331
TI  - Dermatoglyphics in alopecia areata.

PMID- 3843332
TI  - Vitiligo and neurodermatitis circumscripta.

PMID- 3843333
TI  - A case of tuberculoid leprosy--following small pox vaccination.

PMID- 3843334
TI  - Trichogram studies of the scalp in pemphigus.

PMID- 3843335
TI  - Social, economic and behavioral determinants of utilisation of cataract surgery
      in mobile eye camps.

PMID- 3843336
TI  - A clinical study of filtering blebs.

PMID- 3843337
TI  - Aphakic malignant glaucoma.

PMID- 3843338
TI  - Bacterial and mycotic agents of corneal ulcers in Vellore.

PMID- 3843339
TI  - Efficacy of medrysone as anti-inflammatory agent.

PMID- 3843341
TI  - Correlation between intraocular pressure and biochemical changes in experimental
      glaucoma.

PMID- 3843340
TI  - Protein profile in the progressive experimental cataract (selenite model).

PMID- 3843342
TI  - Evaluation of effects of clofibrate, an antilipaemic agent on intraocular
      pressure in experimental glaucoma.

PMID- 3843343
TI  - Fibrous dysplasia of orbit.

PMID- 3843344
TI  - Sterile corneal perforation after cataract surgery in keratoconus posticus
      circumscriptus.

PMID- 3843345
TI  - Correlation between dark adaptation and refractive errors.

PMID- 3843346
TI  - Ophthalmoplegia cavernous sinus syndrome. Computed tomography study.

PMID- 3843347
TI  - The use of ultrasound jelly as gonioscopic fluid.

PMID- 3843348
TI  - [Levels of microbial contamination of frozen and quick-frozen shellfish
      products].

PMID- 3843349
TI  - [Correlations between environmental contamination and microbiological quality of
      several milk-cheese products].

PMID- 3843350
TI  - [Significance of urinary fluoride in the control of personnel exposed to
      occupational inhalation of halothane and enflurane].

PMID- 3843351
TI  - [Type-B viral hepatitis: a disease to be diagnosed with more accuracy. Study on
      100 male subjects within the population of the town of Terni].

PMID- 3843352
TI  - Modulation of tumor associated antigen expression and shedding by recombinant
      human leukocyte and fibroblast interferons.

PMID- 3843353
TI  - Drugs inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase.

PMID- 3843355
TI  - [Clinico-morphological indices of patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis
      who used an interferon ointment].

PMID- 3843354
TI  - [Use of an interferon-containing ointment in treating suppurative-inflammatory
      processes].

PMID- 3843356
TI  - [Etiotropic therapy with human leukocyte interferon of the affected nervous
      system in mumps].

PMID- 3843357
TI  - [Use of human leukocyte interferon in treating patients with acute stenosing
      laryngotracheitis].

PMID- 3843358
TI  - [Use of interferon in tuberculous eye diseases].

PMID- 3843359
TI  - [Daily fluctuations of interferon induction in the blood leukocytes of children
      vaccinated with measles and mumps vaccines].

PMID- 3843360
TI  - [Analysis of the effectiveness of the purification of human leukocyte alpha
      interferon on an immunosorbent made of serum polyclonal antibodies].

PMID- 3843361
TI  - [Isolation of a hyperimmune rabbit antiserum to human leukocyte interferon].

PMID- 3843362
TI  - [Results and prospects in the control of measles].

PMID- 3843363
TI  - [Use of a micromethod in the leukocyte migration inhibition test for evaluating
      the status of cellular immunity in measles].

PMID- 3843364
TI  - [Methodological approaches to the dynamic assessment of the epidemic process in
      measles during years of vaccine prevention].

PMID- 3843365
TI  - [Foci of measles and the factors contributing to its occurrence].

PMID- 3843366
TI  - [The HLA antigen system and the immune response in measles vaccination].

PMID- 3843367
TI  - [Reactogenic and immunogenic properties of a live measles vaccine made from the
      Leningrad-16 strain administered via the upper respiratory tract].

PMID- 3843368
TI  - [Epidemiological patterns of mumps infection today].

PMID- 3843369
TI  - [Determination of the biological activity of the measles virus by plaque
      formation].

PMID- 3843370
TI  - [Reactogenic properties of a combined mumps-measles vaccine].

PMID- 3843371
TI  - Burn injury.

PMID- 3843372
TI  - Delayed lactate clearance in patients surviving circulatory shock.

PMID- 3843373
TI  - The role of radical surgery and post-operative radiotherapy in the management of
      intra-oral carcinoma.
AB  - The incidence rate for carcinoma of the tongue and floor of mouth has fallen in
      Scotland over the past 20 years (Fig. 1). Despite the fall in incidence rate and
      mortality rate many such tumours present late when the prognosis is poor (Pointon
      and Gleave, 1982; Decroix and Ghossein, 1981a; Shaw 1982). Until relatively
      recently most centres treated such lesions either by surgery or by radiotherapy
      alone. Over the past decade a number of centres have adopted a dual treatment
      policy involving both surgery and radiotherapy. The head and neck oncologists at
      the Royal Marsden advocate pre-operative radiotherapy (Shaw, 1982) while Glasgow
      and the Memorial in New York (Vikram et al., 1980) have adopted the practice of
      post-operative radiotherapy. A combined plastic surgery/radiotherapy clinic has
      been run in Glasgow for the past ten years and over that time a treatment
      protocol has evolved. The results of treatment of all advanced tumours of the
      tongue and floor of mouth referred to the Glasgow Institute of Radiotherapeutics
      and Oncology are presented here. The results of planned combined therapy-radical
      surgery followed by radical radiotherapy--are compared with the results of
      treating similar lesions by minimal surgery plus radical radiotherapy and the
      advantages of combined radical treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3843374
TI  - Brugia pahangi in the BALB/C mouse: a model for testing filaricidal compounds.
AB  - The BALB/C mouse infected with Brugia pahangi has been evaluated as a model for
      the selection of filaricidal compounds with activity against immature worms. Mice
      were infected by the intraperitoneal inoculation of 50 infective larvae and
      candidate compounds were administered by the intraperitoneal (i.p.), subcutaneous
      or oral route once daily from day 4 to day 8 post infection. Animals were
      examined on days 29 to 32 post infection. Variation in the larval recoveries from
      undrugged mice within and between experimental groups limited the value of drug
      assessments based upon percentage worm recoveries. The infection rate of
      undrugged mice was 85% over-all, range 60 to 100%. Using the infection rate of
      drugged v. undrugged animals as the criterion of activity the test has been
      evaluated with a series of standard nematicidal compounds. Levamisole and the
      benzimidazole carbamates, mebendazole, flubendazole and fenbendazole given i.p.
      at 10 mg/kg daily were active in this screen whilst DEC, DEC-N-oxide, ivermectin,
      amoscanate, metrifonate and suramin were inactive at the dosages tested. No
      retardation of growth or morphological abnormalities were observed in worms from
      the drugged mice.

PMID- 3843375
TI  - Monographs on human exposures to chemicals in the workplace.
AB  - The National Cancer Institute has contracted with Syracuse Research Corporation
      to produce monographs on the potential hazards of human exposure to approximately
      70 chemicals used in the workplace. The monographs include detailed exposure data
      for specific job categories, as well as summaries of chemical and physical data,
      animal and human toxicological studies, short-term assays, and epidemiologic
      data. The information is useful for identifying suitable populations for
      epidemiologic research.

PMID- 3843376
TI  - Growth and sexual maturation in thalassemia.

PMID- 3843377
TI  - Brugia pahangi: labelling of secreted antigens with 35S-methionine in vitro.

PMID- 3843378
TI  - [Development of cardiac functions in boys].

PMID- 3843379
TI  - [Characteristics of aerobic capacity in swimming and field groups].

PMID- 3843380
TI  - Evaluation of resting and working postures from the viewpoint of local muscle
      energy metabolic rate.

PMID- 3843381
TI  - Constrained postures and the design of keyboard for VDT work.

PMID- 3843382
TI  - [Polysomnography and hypnotics].

PMID- 3843384
TI  - [Sleep and bed-room environment--on the correlation between the seasonal changes
      in bed climate and sleep].

PMID- 3843383
TI  - [Sleep, body temperature and energy metabolism].

PMID- 3843385
TI  - [Sleep and respiration].

PMID- 3843386
TI  - [Sleep and biorhythm in man].

PMID- 3843387
TI  - [Shape of the children's leg].

PMID- 3843388
TI  - [Function of the children's leg].

PMID- 3843390
TI  - Autoimmunity: basic concepts; systemic and selected organ-specific diseases.

PMID- 3843389
TI  - [A variety of children's posture and gait].

PMID- 3843391
TI  - Organ based autoimmune diseases.

PMID- 3843392
TI  - [A new treatment for old ulcers: parietal cell vagotomy].

PMID- 3843393
TI  - [Complications of medical therapy in glaucoma].

PMID- 3843394
TI  - [Transient ischemic attack as the sole manifestation of metastatic left atrial
      myxoma].

PMID- 3843395
TI  - [Self-induced hypoglycemia: a factitious illness].

PMID- 3843396
TI  - [Sensitivity testing of dermatophytes and yeasts to antimycotic drugs].

PMID- 3843397
TI  - [Asthmatic-like syndrome due to neglected foreign body in the bronchial tree].

PMID- 3843398
TI  - [Multiple foreign bodies in the airways].

PMID- 3843399
TI  - [Brachial plexus block by the infraclavicular approach].

PMID- 3843400
TI  - [Extended surgical procedure for malignant colo-jejunal fistula].

PMID- 3843401
TI  - [Avulsion of the ischial tuberosity].

PMID- 3843402
TI  - [Weil's disease with hemorrhagic pneumonitis due to Leptospira grippotyphosa].

PMID- 3843403
TI  - [Organophosphate intoxication. Part II. The clinical symptoms and therapeutic
      principles].

PMID- 3843404
TI  - [Congenital complete heart block and connective tissue disease in the mother].

PMID- 3843405
TI  - [Lyme disease].

PMID- 3843406
TI  - [Therapy of prevalent systemic mycoses].

PMID- 3843407
TI  - Factor analysis in left ventricular first-pass radionuclide angiography: value of
      the ventricular factor to measure ejection fraction.
AB  - Factor analysis theoretically generates the time-activity curves of the various
      physiological compartments, or factors, which are superimposed in a dynamic
      series of scintigraphic frames. An image of the spatial distribution of each of
      these factors is also displayed. We tested the ability of one of these, the
      ventricular factor, to measure the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in
      first-pass radionuclide angiography (FPRA). Forty-nine patients divided into
      three groups were studied. In a group of 32 patients, factor analysis was
      compared to a conventional scintigraphic method and to contrast angiography. The
      coefficient of correlation was similar for both techniques (r = 0.83). To test
      reproducibility, another group of 10 patients received two successive injections
      of Au-195m, three minutes apart. The reproducibility of LVEF was r = 0.78 with
      factor analysis and r = 0.81 with the conventional method. In a third group of
      seven patients, three successive injections of Au-195m were performed in the
      right and in the left anterior oblique projections. The reproducibility of LVEF
      was r = 0.71 with factor analysis. However LVEF was significantly lower in LAO
      than in RAO, 50 +/- 11% vs 58 +/- 17% respectively. It is concluded that factor
      analysis does not offer a more reliable means of calculating LVEF than a
      conventional method.

PMID- 3843408
TI  - Evaluation of left atrial rhythm with pulsed Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - To evaluate the origin of ectopic atrial rhythms, the beginning of
      atrioventricular inflow due to left and right atrial ejection was estimated using
      the pulsed Doppler combined with two-dimensional echocardiography. In ten normal
      controls, the beginning of transtricuspid flow due to atrial ejection preceded
      that of transmitral by 0 to 40 msec with an average of 22 msec. In contrast, the
      beginning of right atrial ejection flow lagged behind that of left atrial by 40
      to 80 msec in case 1 and by 20 to 50 msec in case 2 of ectopic atrial rhythm. The
      significant delay of atrioventricular inflow due to right atrial ejection in
      these two patients strongly suggests that the ectopic atrial rhythm is of left
      atrial origin. The pulsed Doppler echocardiography is considered to be a useful
      clinical tool for noninvasive evaluation of the left atrial rhythm.

PMID- 3843409
TI  - Effects of projection and background correction method upon calculation of right
      ventricular ejection fraction using first-pass radionuclide angiography.
AB  - There is no consensus as to the best projection or correction method for first
      pass radionuclide studies of the right ventricle. We assessed the effects of two
      commonly used projections, 30 degrees right anterior oblique and anterior
      posterior, on the calculation of right ventricular ejection fraction. In addition
      two background correction methods, planar background correction to account for
      scatter, and right atrial correction to account for right atrio-ventricular
      overlap were assessed. Two first-pass radionuclide angiograms were performed in
      19 subjects, one in each projection, using gold-195m (half-life 30.5 seconds),
      and each study was analysed using the two methods of correction. Right
      ventricular ejection fraction was highest using the right anterior oblique
      projection with right atrial correction 35.6 +/- 12.5% (mean +/- SD), and lowest
      when using the anterior posterior projection with planar background correction
      26.2 +/- 11% (p less than 0.001). The study design allowed assessment of the
      effects of correction method and projection independently. Correction method
      appeared to have relatively little effect on right ventricular ejection fraction.
      Using right atrial correction correlation coefficient (r) between projections was
      0.92, and for planar background correction r = 0.76, both p less than 0.001.
      However, right ventricular ejection fraction was far more dependent upon
      projection. When the anterior-posterior projection was used calculated right
      ventricular ejection fraction was much more dependent on correction method (r =
      0.65, p = not significant), than using the right anterior oblique projection (r =
      0.85, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3843410
TI  - Color-coded Doppler imaging of systolic flow patterns in hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy.
AB  - We studied 11 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by color Doppler
      echocardiography (Group I: 6 patients with outflow obstruction, and Group II: 5
      patients without outflow obstruction) to assess systolic structure and function
      as observed by cross-sectional echocardiography in relation to the flow dynamics.
      The structure and function included systolic anterior motion of mitral valve
      (SAM), midsystolic aortic valve closure (AoC), systolic cavity obliteration and
      the presence and timing of mitral incompetence. Their occurrence and timing was
      related to presence of aortic systolic flow and presence of turbulence. While all
      patients in Group I had SAM and turbulence, none of the patients in Group II had
      SAM nor turbulence. Early mitral incompetence appearing before SAM and
      turbulence, occurred in all patients of Group I and in none of Group II.
      Midsystolic aortic valve closure was only present in Group I and blood flow was
      unilaterally directed so that only 60% of aortic cross-sectional area showed
      blood flow. We conclude that mitral incompetence in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
      in early systole is common when outflow gradient is present and is independent of
      mitral incompetence of mid- and late systole. During SAM, turbulence in the
      subaortic area and mid and late mitral incompetence occurred simultaneously. The
      midsystolic aortic valve closure was related to the unilaterally directed blood
      flow through the aortic cross-sectional area.

PMID- 3843411
TI  - Frontiers in thoracic imaging.

PMID- 3843412
TI  - Chest equalization radiography.
AB  - The conventional chest radiograph has a number of limitations as a diagnostic
      method of evaluating chest disease. The wide variation in attenuation between the
      lung and mediastinum frequently results in images with low contrast over the
      thicker portions. This, coupled with the presence of intense body-scattered
      radiation that must be adequately removed, makes chest radiography one of the
      most challenging diagnostic procedures in conventional radiography. Scanning
      equalization radiography (SER) is an alternative method of chest imaging that
      overcomes these limitations without employing other highly complex or expensive
      solutions such as digital imaging. Recent clinical studies have shown that
      diagnostic efficacy is improved with SER, and that SER offers the potential of
      significantly reducing the frequency of diagnostic errors and repeated
      examinations while producing cost savings.

PMID- 3843413
TI  - Current place of plain-film tomography in chest disease.
AB  - Plain-film tomography is a quick, accurate, and inexpensive procedure that is
      valuable for the evaluation of two common problems in chest radiology--the
      solitary pulmonary nodule and the hilus that is questionably abnormal. An
      accurate diagnosis can be made in most patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule
      so that appropriate management can be undertaken. If the diagnosis of an
      indeterminate nodule is made, further evaluation with computed tomography,
      transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy, surgery, or careful radiographic follow
      up can be suggested. Hilar tomography can determine whether the appearance of the
      hilus on the chest radiograph is due to prominent but normal vessels, an enlarged
      pulmonary artery, enlarged hilar lymph nodes, or a pulmonary mass.

PMID- 3843414
TI  - Computed tomography of the pulmonary parenchyma. Part 2: Interstitial disease.
AB  - A series of patients with documented predominantly interstitial pulmonary disease
      was examined by routine and high-resolution computed tomography (CT) and compared
      to a series of twenty-one normals. Inspiratory-expiratory lung density
      measurements were also obtained at predetermined levels. Several basic CT signs
      of interstitial disease were identified: finely irregular and thickened pleural
      surfaces; irregular vascular shadows; thickened and irregular bronchial walls
      making bronchi visible over a longer portion of their course in the lungs;
      reticular network of lines with three patterns easily distinguishable by the size
      of their reticular element; hazy patches of increased density of various sizes
      distinguishable from alveolar filling processes by the fact that vessels can
      still be visualized through them; and nodules of various sizes. Micronodules are
      often associated with a small or medium-size reticular network and in most cases
      seem to represent points of confluence rather than isolated nodules. The
      hematogenous origin of some nodules can be specifically suggested when feeding
      vessels are demonstrated on thin-section scans. Nodules associated with a large
      network of thickened septa are suggestive of lymphangitic carcinomatosis.
      Inspiratory-expiratory density gradients can be more useful in confirming the
      diagnosis of interstitial disease than absolute measurements.

PMID- 3843415
TI  - Energetic aspects of muscle contraction.

PMID- 3843416
TI  - Compared to what?

PMID- 3843417
TI  - Technetium 99m-labelled-sucralphate isotope scanning in the detection of peptic
      ulceration.
AB  - An isotope scan using sucralphate labelled with technetium-99m has been compared
      with barium meal in the detection of peptic ulceration in 18 patients with
      endoscopically proven upper gastrointestinal lesions and eight controls. Gastric
      (75%) and duodenal (67%) ulcers were detected with identical frequency by isotope
      scan and barium meal but both were inferior to endoscopy. Structural, non
      ulcerated lesions, were not identified by isotope scanning. The scan has
      potential value in duodenal ulcer disease, the serial assessment of ulcer healing
      and in paediatric gastroenterology.

PMID- 3843418
TI  - Unilateral pulmonary blood flow loss in a young patient.
AB  - A case of total unilateral loss of pulmonary perfusion with almost normal
      ventilation, in a 21-year-old male patient is described, and the problem of
      interpretation in an asymptomatic patient is illustrated.

PMID- 3843419
TI  - [Presence of volatile organic halogenated compounds in drinking water of the city
      of Rome: hygienic-sanitary aspects].

PMID- 3843420
TI  - [Mineral waters: correlations between chemical characteristics listed on the
      label and those actually present].

PMID- 3843421
TI  - [Basic derivatives of cholanes with antimicrobial activity. VII].

PMID- 3843423
TI  - Variation in clinical practice in the management of febrile seizures.
AB  - Febrile seizures are a common problem facing those who provide health care to
      children. Wide variation in physician management of the simple febrile seizure
      has been reported. Recent published data have helped to clarify some of the
      diagnostic and therapeutic issues confronting the physician managing a child with
      this entity. In order to assess the current management of the child with a first
      simple febrile seizure, a questionnaire was sent to 584 physicians who care for
      children. Twenty-five percent of the respondents reported that they would use
      anticonvulsant therapy in a manner that has been shown to be ineffective. The
      responses showed that wide variation still exists in the management of febrile
      seizures.

PMID- 3843422
TI  - Detection of cancer in the pediatric emergency department.
AB  - We reviewed the Tumor Registry for 1981 at the Children's Hospital of
      Philadelphia to identify all the children with newly diagnosed cancer who were
      seen initially in the emergency department (ED). Of the 220 new patients listed,
      16 (7.3%) sought initial care in the ED (1 per 4,500 ED visits). Seven had
      leukemia, five had non-CNS solid tumors (2 lymphoreticular, 1 Wilms', 1
      neuroblastoma, and 1 ovarian), and four had CNS tumors. Among the children with
      leukemia, pallor (6) and decreased activity (4) were the most common complaints.
      Duration of symptoms ranged from 4 days to 3 weeks. Physical examination showed
      pallor (5), splenomegaly (4), fever (3), hepatomegaly (3), lymphadenopathy (3),
      and ecchymoses or petechiae (2). The complete blood count and peripheral smears
      were all abnormal. The five patients with non-CNS solid tumors had symptoms
      related to the location of their neoplasms. The patients with Wilms' tumor,
      neuroblastoma, and ovarian dysgerminoma had abdominal masses; the patient with
      lymphoma had a large, painful inguinal node; and the patient with histiocytosis X
      had an infiltrative rash, gingivitis, and pneumonitis. Of the four children with
      CNS tumors, three had headache, and one had an incidentally detected scotoma
      following head trauma. All four eventually had abnormal neurologic exams and
      computer tomographic scans, but two were discharged initially with psychiatric
      diagnoses. We conclude that cancer, although rare in children, occurs with
      greater relative frequency in the referral hospital ED than that predicted by
      published cancer rates from the referring hospital's ED.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3843424
TI  - Abdominal mass in the neonate.

PMID- 3843425
TI  - Child homicide: emergency department recognition.
AB  - Homicide is escalating as a cause of sudden death in childhood. With the ever
      rising rate of child abuse in the United States, the emergency physician is
      increasingly likely to encounter cases of attempted homicide. In order to improve
      survival in such cases, the emergency department (ED) staff must be alert to the
      subtle signs and symptoms of this form of trauma and be prepared to institute
      life-saving therapy. We reviewed 12 cases of child homicide seen in our ED
      between 1981 and 1983 and summarized the findings on these unfortunate children.
      The typical victim was a young child in the second half of the first year or in
      the second year of life. The most common forms of fatal injury were CNS injury
      and abdominal trauma. In both types of injuries, there were often subtle findings
      on external physical examination. It was important for the physician to have a
      high index of suspicion based on a protean chief complaint, a lack of preceding
      history of illness, the time of presentation to the ED, and more subtle physical
      findings such as minor skin bruising, retinal hemorrhage, and distended abdomen.
      A low hematocrit was also suggestive of traumatic cause for the child's critical
      state. In addition, autopsy findings for the 12 patients are presented.

PMID- 3843426
TI  - Syncope associated with indwelling Hickman catheter.

PMID- 3843427
TI  - Severe cardiac dysrhythmia from barium acetate ingestion.
AB  - A 15-year-old girl presented with a severe cardiac dysrhythmia after having
      ingested an unknown chemical. Lidocaine therapy improved the dysrhythmia. Other
      clinical findings included arterial hypertension, vomiting, paresthesias, muscle
      weakness, and severe hypokalemia (1.8 mmol/L). Analysis of a portion of the
      noningested chemical and the finding of 130 mg/L of barium in the urine confirmed
      the identity of the ingestant. Barium poisoning is rare. Its presentation as a
      life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmia is previously unreported.

PMID- 3843428
TI  - Abdominal trauma in children: role of computed tomography.

PMID- 3843429
TI  - Evaluating infusion devices: Part I: Facing the issues.
AB  - The evaluation of infusion devices for use throughout a hospital can be a
      complicated and difficult process. An evaluation strategy should be established
      carefully at the start of the process, with well-defined steps progressing
      through completion. A complete, accurate evaluation may produce significant
      resource saving, as well as ultimately enhancing the level of patient care. Part
      II will address the evaluation of specific infusion pumps.

PMID- 3843430
TI  - The cause of gait disturbance in 425 pediatric patients.
AB  - Children who seek attention for painful or painless alteration of gait provide a
      challenge to the emergency department physician who confronts such cases.
      Children with acute onset of limp or refusal to walk may become the center of
      diagnostic and therapeutic concern in approximately 4 percent of pediatric
      patient encounters. The spectrum of diagnoses found in both the outpatient and
      inpatient populations is extensive. Among the diverse afflictions that can cause
      nontraumatic altered locomotion in children, infectious diseases predominate.
      This finding influences a liberal admission policy for patients with altered gait
      who may have historical, physical, or laboratory features suggestive of an
      infectious disease.

PMID- 3843431
TI  - The telephone in pediatric emergency medicine.

PMID- 3843432
TI  - Human bites in children.
AB  - We studied 40 children aged four months to 18 years seen in the Emergency
      Department (ED) to determine the spectrum of human bites and the incidence of
      infection in treated and untreated wounds. Initial data concerning time elapsed
      until a physician examined the bite, site and size of the bite, whether the bite
      was infected when first seen, and whether antibiotics were prescribed, were
      obtained from the ED chart. Follow-up by phone or mail was available on 33 of the
      40 children. The incidence of human bites was one in 600 visits. The commonest
      lesion was a superficial abrasion of the face, inflicted by another child. Twenty
      nine of the 33 bites were uninfected when first seen; 13 of them received no
      antibiotics; and 16 received oral antibiotics. There was no significant
      difference in mean age, sex, site, or type of wound between these two groups.
      None of 13 untreated and one of 16 treated children developed an infection (P =
      NS). Four patients had infected wounds when first seen; three received oral
      antibiotics; and one was admitted for intravenous antibiotics. Of the three on
      oral antibiotics, two were subsequently admitted to the hospital. Conclusions. We
      came to the following conclusions at the end of the study. (1) The majority of
      human bites in children are superficial and do not become infected. (2)
      Antibiotics do not appear to be useful in prophylaxis for minor bite wounds seen
      shortly after injury. (3) Follow-up is necessary for all bite wounds, since
      serious infection may develop, or an established, seemingly minor infection may
      worsen.

PMID- 3843433
TI  - Incidence of serious infection in infants under age two months with fever.
AB  - Infants less than eight weeks of age in a busy urban emergency department were
      prospectively reviewed during a six-month period, from October 1, 1981 to March
      31, 1982. An axillary temperature of 37.8 degrees C or higher was arbitrarily
      defined as significantly elevated. A total of 1,655 young infants were seen
      during this time period, with 122 having temperatures of 37.8 degrees C or higher
      (7%). Four percent of the febrile patients were bacteremic. The degree of
      temperature elevation was not proportional to the severity of the illness. Total
      white blood cell count was less than 4,000/mm3 in two of the bacteremic patients.
      Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis was present in 13% of the patients undergoing
      lumbar puncture.

PMID- 3843434
TI  - Use of the emergency department by children enrolled in a primary care clinic.
AB  - Two thousand forty-four emergency department (ED) visits were made during a one
      year period by 714 children enrolled in a primary care clinic. Eight hundred one
      (39.2%) visits were for urgent or emergent conditions, and 579 (28.3%) were for
      presenting complaints suggestive of urgent or emergent conditions, including 65
      based on parental concern. Six hundred sixty-four (32.5%) visits might have been
      considered medically inappropriate using criteria specifically developed for this
      study. These criteria were developed as a standard which might be used for future
      studies on ED use by children. Children without medical assistance and those over
      12 months of age were more likely to be consistently appropriate users.
      Appropriateness of use was not associated with the patient's race, sex, distance
      of home from the hospital, telephone availability, length of clinic enrollment,
      type of primary provider, or chronic disease other than asthma. Further, medical
      assistance recipients were more likely to make three or more inappropriate visits
      than were the other groups.

PMID- 3843435
TI  - Fatal child abuse: a two-decade review.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to identify demographic variables and
      medical causes of death associated with child deaths, secondary to abuse, at one
      pediatric hospital. Abuse and neglect reporting forms, social service records,
      and autopsy reports were reviewed. A total of 72 known deaths occurred between
      1965 and 1984. The majority of children were under two years of age, and the most
      common cause of death was head trauma. Less than one half of the children who
      died presented to the emergency department with visible signs of injury. Male
      abusers outnumbered females; boyfriends of the victims' mothers were the most
      frequent perpetrators. Emergency department personnel should have a high index of
      suspicion about abuse in cases of inadequately explained conditions in children.
      All cases of children who die unexpectedly, or from inadequately explained
      conditions, should be referred to the coroner, and autopsies should be performed.

PMID- 3843436
TI  - Understanding how mothers conceive of their children's illness: a key to doctor
      patient communication.
AB  - In many ways, parents are the true consumers of their children's health care. How
      parents understand the cause, presentation, and treatment of their child's
      illness strongly affects doctor-patient communication, compliance in treatment,
      and follow-up. To better understand and enhance compliance, we have studied
      mothers' concepts of illness using Piaget's stages of cognitive development.
      Fifty-nine mothers who brought their children to the emergency department (ED) of
      a large urban children's hospital were asked, "How does a child get a cold," and
      "What makes a cold go away?" We directly transcribed answers and compiled
      information on maternal education, employment status, method of payment for
      health care, and number of children in the family. Forty-four percent of mothers
      had a prelogical conceptualization of illness, and only 17% had a formal-logical
      conceptualization. Only employment in the health care fields correlated with
      maternal conceptual levels regarding childhood illness. Physicians need to take
      care to communicate with the parent at her level of conceptualization to ensure
      understanding.

PMID- 3843438
TI  - Pulmonary hemorrhage in a one-month-old child.

PMID- 3843437
TI  - Lipoid pneumonia secondary to baby oil aspiration: a case report and review of
      the literature.
AB  - Baby oil is a common household product that is frequently used when there are
      infants or toddlers in the house. However, it is often overlooked as a potential
      source of danger to these youngsters. In 1983, 36,700 cases of ingestion were
      reported to the poisoning surveillance and epidemiology branch of the Food and
      Drug Administration. Topical preparations used in the care of infants accounted
      for 480 of the cases. Ten percent of these required hospitalization. In 36 cases,
      the product ingested was baby oil. This figure does not include baby lotions and
      other skin products with a mineral oil base. Aspiration of mineral oil, the main
      component of baby oil, has been described as a cause of lipoid pneumonia and
      oleomas. However, there is very little information in the modern literature
      concerning acute lipoid pneumonitis in children. We herein present a patient with
      lipoid pneumonia caused by aspirated baby oil, who followed a severe clinical
      course. The paucity of information regarding this subject points to the need for
      increased public and physician awareness of the problem and for their direct
      participation in the prevention of this potentially fatal condition.

PMID- 3843439
TI  - Eosinophilic granuloma of the appendix.
AB  - The emergency physician is frequently frustrated by the symptom of recurrent
      abdominal pain. This complaint is particularly troubling when the patient
      localizes the pain to the right lower quadrant. On an isolated visit, acute
      appendicitis is the condition which demands primary consideration, because of
      both its frequency and the consequences of failure to make a prompt diagnosis.
      When right lower quadrant abdominal pain is recognized as being recurrent, the
      emergency department physician must consider a broader range of diagnostic
      possibilities. This illustrative case presents one unusual element of the
      differential diagnosis of this symptom.

PMID- 3843440
TI  - Esophageal duplication in children: a report of three cases evaluated by computed
      tomography.
AB  - Primary tumors of the esophagus are extremely rare in children. A common
      periesophageal mass in children is duplication. It constitutes only 0.5 to 2.5%
      of all esophageal lesions usually diagnosed in infancy or early childhood.
      Duplication of the esophagus may be diagnosed on examination by the emergency
      department (ED) physician when it produces symptoms or when it is inadvertently
      found on a chest radiograph. The duplication may produce acute gastrointestinal
      symptoms such as vomiting and dysphagia or respiratory symptoms such as cough,
      wheezing, or dyspnea. Currently the examination of choice for evaluation of
      esophageal duplication is a barium swallow. However, computed tomography (CT) has
      the advantage over conventional diagnostic procedures, since it demonstrates the
      cystic nature of the mass and its relationship to adjacent structures in a
      noninvasive manner. An esophageal duplication has a well-marginated spherical
      mass contiguous with the esophagus, with preserved surrounding fat planes, and
      numbers of 15 to 30 Hausenfield units (HU) on CT. We are reporting three cases of
      this anomaly as demonstrated by CT.

PMID- 3843441
TI  - Infant mortality in Hong Kong.

PMID- 3843442
TI  - Public knowledge of bowel cancer and views on screening with the haemoccult test.

PMID- 3843443
TI  - Alternative methods of BCG vaccination.

PMID- 3843444
TI  - Industrial disasters.

PMID- 3843445
TI  - Report of the feasibility study of a postal enquiry into the pattern of illnesses
      before and after immunization of infants.

PMID- 3843446
TI  - Interventions to improve uptake of rubella immunization.

PMID- 3843447
TI  - Clinical psychologists in general practice: data and observations.

PMID- 3843448
TI  - Using accident injury data to assess the impact of community first aid training.

PMID- 3843449
TI  - Cortisol changes in depression.

PMID- 3843450
TI  - Plasma free cortisol in depressive illness--a review of findings and clinical
      implications.
AB  - Measurements of a variety of parameters of biologically active cortisol indicate
      that a small number of patients with depressive illness have significantly
      elevated levels of unbound plasma cortisol. Abnormalities in corticosteroid
      binding globulin do not account for the hypercortisolemia, and elevated urinary
      levels of free cortisol confirm the data obtained for plasma free cortisol.
      Direct measurements of free cortisol suggest that the absence of physical effects
      of cortisol in patients with depression is related to the very mild elevation in
      plasma levels of free cortisol in these patients and that high levels are not
      sustained throughout the day as they are in patients with pathologic
      glucocorticoid excess. The apparent discrepancy between elevated total cortisol
      levels and the mild elevation of unbound plasma cortisol is best explained by the
      generous binding capacity of corticosteroid binding globulin. Total cortisol
      levels of greater than 25 micrograms/dl are necessary to saturate the binding
      sites of corticosteroid binding globulin. Only then can free cortisol be detected
      in plasma. Although these studies suggest that unbound plasma cortisol is
      elevated, whether these levels represent biologically active cortisol in other
      tissue sites as well, particularly the central nervous system, is still unclear.
      It is well accepted that discrete binding sites for cortisol and dexamethasone
      occur in hypothalamic and pituitary tissue, but the mechanism of glucocorticoid
      regulation of these binding sites has not been elucidated. Cortisol levels in
      cerebrospinal fluid correspond closely to plasma levels of unbound cortisol. Ruf
      and Steiner have shown that corticosteroid responsive neurons are present in the
      periventricular gray matter of the third ventricle, where other investigators
      have identified active ependymal transport mechanisms for cortisol.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3843451
TI  - CSF cortisol in affective illness.
AB  - The few studies reported to date suggest that CSF cortisol is increased in
      depression and mania compared to normal subjects but that this increase is not
      specific to these disorders, since increased levels occur in other psychiatric
      and neurologic disorders. The CSF elevation is probably secondary to cortisol
      changes in the blood, but CSF levels appear to be more stable. The diurnal change
      in CSF may also be greater than that in blood. The significant correlation
      between CSF and blood levels observed in monkeys has not been found in humans.
      Future studies must control for time of day, as well as diagnostic factors, and
      ideally should include other measures of cortisol function, such as urinary
      excretion or the DST. Regulation of CSF cortisol is not well understood, and its
      relationship to other brain chemistries is unclear.

PMID- 3843452
TI  - Circannual rhythm and peak frequency of corticosteroid excretion: relationship to
      affective disorder.
AB  - A circannual rhythm of corticosteroid excretion has been identified in healthy
      subjects but is lost in patients who have recovered from a depression associated
      with dexamethasone nonsuppression. The loss of circannual variation as well as
      the persistent elevation and increased peak frequency of cortisol excretion could
      be instrumental in the development of depressive symptoms. A model for this
      phenomenon can be found in the entity known as intermittent Cushing's disease.
      That hypercortisolemia could be etiologically related to depression is supported
      by the case reported here in which a rise in UFC preceded the emergence of
      psychiatric symptomatology on two occasions. Further investigation into this
      possibility is clearly warranted.

PMID- 3843453
TI  - Cortisol secretion during sleep in patients with a severe depressive illness.

PMID- 3843454
TI  - Cortisol changes in depression: part 2.

PMID- 3843455
TI  - [Serum LDH and myeloma. Correlation with the degree of bone marrow infiltration].
AB  - The authors study the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in multiple
      myeloma patients in relation to survival, plasma cells bone marrow infiltration,
      and creatinine and paraprotein serum values. Twenty five patients seen between
      1979 and 1983 were studied considering two groups, one with LDH values higher
      than 100 IU/1 and the other with LDH values lower than 100 IU/1. Patients having
      more than 100 IU/1 showed a more marked bone marrow infiltration. Paraprotein
      concentration was higher in patients having less than 100 IU/1. No correlation
      was observed for the other factors considered.

PMID- 3843456
TI  - Inhibition of tumor growth and leukocyte alterations in splenectomized mice
      treated with a PCj3 polysaccharide.
AB  - The effect of a polysaccharide (PCj3), isolated from the ascomycete "Cyttaria
      johowii" was studied on the growth of the ascitic Sarcoma 180 (S180) inoculated
      subcutaneously in BALB/c mice which had been previously splenectomized. The
      leukocyte alterations in peripheral blood were analyzed simultaneously, and the
      percentage of cells with C3b receptors in the population of peritoneal cavity was
      evaluated through the E (IgM)C rosette technique. A significant inhibition of
      tumor growth was observed in the splenectomized mice treated with PCj3 with
      respect to the untreated splenectomized and to the control group, which had not
      been splenectomized. It was also found that the first group acquired relative
      resistance to the later inocula of the ascitic S180 via i.p. On the day 8 after
      the tumor inoculation a marked lymphocytosis increased up to 224% in PCj3 treated
      mice and only to 59% in untreated splenectomized mice. The increase in the
      controls, that had not been splenectomized was 18%. With regard to the number of
      neutrophils a significant difference was found between both splenectomized groups
      on the 8 day, corresponding the highest values to the group treated with PCj3. No
      differences were observed on the 25 day even though the neutrophilia was
      maintained. The percentage of cells with C3b receptors in population of
      peritoneal cavity was significantly lower in mice treated with PCj3, although an
      increase in the number of E (IgM)C attached per cell and ingestion of system were
      observed.

PMID- 3843457
TI  - [Design of new antineoplastic drugs].
AB  - The theoretical design of new anticancerous drugs is considered into the general
      frame of the theoretical pharmacology. In this aim, two limit cases are taken
      into account: those of drugs with well known and unknown mechanism of action. The
      methods used presently in drug design are reviewed, emphasis is put on the
      molecular mechanics procedures. Two examples of calculations are given: the first
      deals with some alkylating agents the mechanism of action of which is well known.
      The second one deals with immunologic agents, such as human interleukin-2, the
      study of which is carried out by theoretical and experimental fragment analysis
      of the polypeptide. It is concluded that the theory may be an useful tool for
      solving the cancer problem.

PMID- 3843458
TI  - [Residual tumor mass and other kinetic parameters of clinical relevance in cancer
      of the breast].
AB  - Based on data about illness-free survival obtained studying a group of 192
      patients affected by breast cancer, we have made some calculations about tumoral
      growth kinetics, using the theoretical presumptions of the exponential model.
      Tumoral recurrence in the different stages (S-I = 35%, S-II = 38%, S-III = 53% y
      S-IV = 72%) were valued. Also the theoretical mean time of tumoral relapse was
      determined for each clinical stage of the illness (S-I = 4.6 years, S-II = 2.6
      years, S-III = 1.9 years and S-IV = 1.2 years). Knowledge of these relapse time
      values makes it finally possible to value the residual tumoral mass after
      treating the primary in each clinical stage under study (S-I = 1.2 X 10(6) cells,
      S-II = 8.1 X 10(7) cells, S-III = 3.6 X 10(8) cells and E-IV = 1.6 X 10(9)
      cells). Comparison of the theoretical data obtained with the corresponding
      clinical data (real appearance time of relapses, percentage of patients of each
      Stage that have metastasis, etc.) shows that the formulations and theoretical
      concepts used, describe, with a certain degree of preciseness, the ordinary
      clinical observations phenomena that characterize the evolutive course of the
      breast carcinoma.

PMID- 3843459
TI  - [In vitro combination of mercaptopurine and human serum albumin].
AB  - Through the use of the fluorescence absorbance technique, the parameters that
      define the association between the antineoplastic drug mercaptopurine and human
      serum albumin were determined for a concentration range for the ligand between 6
      X 10(-5) and 10(-7) moles/L, keeping the concentration of the macromolecule fixed
      at 0.5 X 10(-6) moles/l. Given the structure of the macromolecule under study and
      the experimental conditions used, we established an association model with two
      different kinds of binding sites.

PMID- 3843460
TI  - [CEA and TPA in cancer of the breast. Findings and criteria of use].
AB  - In breast cancer, under rigorous and normalized conditions, the blood levels of
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) allow us: to
      differentiate with enough precision, in treated patients, the presence of tumour
      (EP) from illness-free situation (NED); to alert about the appearance of
      metastases and/or local relapse in patients put under systematic postoperative
      evolutional control; to evaluate the systemic palliative treatment response in
      patients with metastatic breast cancer and to formulate, in this case, prognostic
      predictions. Blood levels of CEA and TPA are, otherwise, unsuitable: to detect
      with accuracy the primary tumour presence; to warn about the risk of subclinical
      tumour existence (in treated patients in NED situation); to predict, in this last
      case, the chemotherapeutic treatment response, and to prevent about local
      relapses development. The independent but combined use of both antigens,
      appreciably raises the diagnostic success percentage with regard to that obtained
      when only one tumour marker was used.

PMID- 3843461
TI  - [Serum levels of sialoglycoproteins soluble in perchloric acid in rats with
      Yoshida's sarcoma].
AB  - We have studied the levels of sialo-glycoprotein in the serum of Yoshida sarcoma
      bearing rats, with the aim of exploring its possible value as a tumour marker and
      the influence upon it of non-neoplastic factors.

PMID- 3843462
TI  - [Botryoid sarcoma of the vagina. Presentation of a case surviving 10 years].
AB  - A case of sarcoma botryoides of the vagina in a 15-month old child with a
      survival of ten years is described. The authors review the clinical and
      histological characteristics of the neoplasm and the different therapeutic
      measures employed. They conclude that a multidisciplinary treatment is needed,
      consisting of surgical removal, combined radiotherapy with intracavitary radium
      and cobalt 60, and antineoplastic multidrug chemotherapy.

PMID- 3843463
TI  - [Benign tumors of the esophagus. Esophageal leiomyoma].
AB  - Benign neoplasms of the esophagus are rare. The most frequent symptom (75% of the
      cases) is dysphagia, and a very rare one is dyspnea. When a benign tumor of the
      esophagus is suspected, a radiological examination is made and the diagnosis
      confirmed by fibro-esophagoscopy and biopsy. The authors make a summarized review
      of the benign tumors of the esophagus, and describe a case of esophageal
      leiomyoma.

PMID- 3843464
TI  - [Indications for radiotherapy in cancer of the pancreas].
AB  - Radiotherapy of pancreas is usually difficult because of the vicinity of
      important organs (stomach, small bowel, liver and kidneys) that may result
      damaged. However, the use of new T.A.C. procedures and the better employment of
      precision high energy radiotherapy permit the application of a valuable procedure
      in about fifty per cent of the cases to relieve the pain usually associated to
      pancreatic carcinoma. The procedure followed at the Radiotherapy Service of the
      "Hospital General. Ntra. Sra. de la Esperanza", in Barcelona is detailed, making
      a review of the experience from 1973-1985. Radiotherapy was always associated to
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3843465
TI  - [Global prognosis and stage classification of colorectal carcinoma].
AB  - A study on the life prognosis of patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum
      is made. 393 patients are studied, 90% of which were followed up during five
      years or until their death. The authors indicate the classification of stages
      they have followed with good correlation results, and without overlapping of the
      survival calculations for the different subgroups.

PMID- 3843466
TI  - [Radiological study of carcinoma of the lung in stage III].
AB  - A radiologic study of 50 patients with stadium III lung cancer is made. The main
      radiologic signs were an opacity indicating a mass (100%), hilar widening (70%),
      mediastinal widening (40%), atelectasis 40% and pneumonitis (34%). The most
      common histologic diagnosis found was that of squamous carcinoma (38%).

PMID- 3843467
TI  - [Biological markers in cancer of the ovary].
AB  - The organism produces substances whose presence or amount indicate the existence
      of a neoplastic process, called biological tumor markers. They can be used in the
      clinical laboratory for diagnostic purposes, and also to orient about the
      evolution of the tumoral mass. There are about 90 tumor markers, 33 of them have
      studied in relation to cancer of the ovary, that are described in this work.
      Eight of them are the most important: CSAp, OCA, OCAA, IAP, Nagao's isoenzyme,
      hCG/hCG beta, hPL, and AFP.

PMID- 3843469
TI  - Adolescent growth and development: update.

PMID- 3843468
TI  - Young people and their health needs. A global perspective.

PMID- 3843470
TI  - Growth at adolescence. Clinical correlates.
AB  - Several highly significant changes occur within a relatively short period of time
      during adolescence. Great alteration in physique, developmental progress in
      thinking, and psychologic gains toward attaining ego identity take place but not
      always synchronously. Attention is paid to physical changes because they are
      visible and are of intense concern to adolescents, but physicians and other
      professionals should remember cognitive and psychosocial growth are affected by
      physical growth, and vice versa. Often there is a temporary disequilibrium in the
      relationship of these three areas of growth, and this can affect one or another
      part of the developmental pattern. It is therefore necessary to remind ourselves
      of the diversity of adolescent growth, and of adolescents, when caring for a
      young patient and be cognizant of growth in areas other than physical. More and
      more children with congenital or acquired handicaps are living to become
      adolescents and perhaps adults. Handicaps can be limited to one of the three
      major areas of growth or involve them all in varying degrees. For example, sickle
      cell disease, Crohn's disease, or ulcerative colitis may postpone physical growth
      for a significant period; this lack of pubertal change can affect psychosocial
      development but usually does not impair cognitive growth. Mental retardation may
      have no apparent effect on physical growth but can handicap the adolescent's
      psychosocial development. Growth still occurs in a sequential pattern but often
      it seems that handicapped youngsters reach a developmental milestone by a series
      of "detours." Physicians must recognize these lags or differences and try to
      facilitate progress, promote self-esteem, and provide understanding. Much can be
      done with anticipatory guidance. Adolescence often provides the opportunity to
      overcome past damage or, in some instances, to start anew on a more optimal
      program for physical and psychosocial growth. Young adolescent boys and girls
      usually look to the physician for factual information and guidance; they long for
      understanding by an adult outside of the family. If we can successfully fill
      their expectations, adolescents will be the better for it.

PMID- 3843471
TI  - Cognitive development in adolescence. Clinical cues and implication.

PMID- 3843472
TI  - Psychosocial aspects of adolescent medicine.

PMID- 3843473
TI  - The family context of adolescence.

PMID- 3843474
TI  - Adolescent nutrition.

PMID- 3843475
TI  - Delayed puberty and short stature.

PMID- 3843476
TI  - Interviewing and physical examination of adolescents.

PMID- 3843477
TI  - The practitioner and adolescent medicine.

PMID- 3843478
TI  - Developing ambulatory and in-patient services for adolescents.
AB  - Adolescents require specialized health care because of their unique developmental
      needs. The medical or surgical treatment of a disorder may be straightforward and
      little different from that of a child or adult; but, because of cognitive,
      physical, and psychosocial stages of development, consideration of these
      attributes assumes great importance if optimal results are to be achieved.
      Establishing outpatient and inpatient facilities for adolescents requires
      meticulous planning and continuing commitment, careful selection of professional
      staff, elimination of barriers to health care, respect for privacy and
      confidentiality, and knowledge of laws affecting consent for care. Teenagers are
      often unsure of themselves, have difficulty relating to adults, and their actions
      often belie their true feelings. It is necessary to establish rapport and trust
      with patients and other professionals.

PMID- 3843479
TI  - Normal adolescent sexuality. A physician's perspective.

PMID- 3843480
TI  - Homosexuality in adolescence.

PMID- 3843481
TI  - Religion and adolescent sexuality.
AB  - The health professional can be helpful to the adolescent, the adolescent's
      family, and the community through participating in and initiating local sex
      education programs. Religious settings provide a great potential for sexuality
      education within a value framework. A helpful curriculum will include the meaning
      of sexuality; developing a positive concept of sexuality, and a healthy sexual
      identity; present the issues of adolescent sexuality, including the various
      health issues; and an understanding of quality relationships within the family
      and among peers. If health professions and the community religious institutions
      can joint together, they can reach the goals of most programs in human sexuality,
      namely, "learning to appreciate our sexuality as a positive potential for self
      expression, fulfillment and intimacy; respect for the personhood and well-being
      of others; and responsible decision-making."

PMID- 3843482
TI  - Adolescence in perspective: a lifespan approach to sexuality education.

PMID- 3843483
TI  - Sex education and the adolescent. Perspectives from a sex educator.

PMID- 3843484
TI  - Normal childhood and early adolescent sexuality. A psychologist's perspective.

PMID- 3843485
TI  - Adolescent sexuality: Part One.

PMID- 3843486
TI  - Adolescents at risk for drug and alcohol abuse.
AB  - Although all children have the potential for becoming destructively involved with
      psychoactive drugs, there is considerable evidence that youngsters with
      particular kinds of psychologic and family problems are at high risk for chemical
      dependency. These include youngsters with developmental deficiencies that
      interfere with their capacity to master the environment. Children with a strong
      family history of alcoholism or drug abuse also seem to be at high risk.
      Obviously, there is some overlap between these two groups, not only because
      parental drug abuse and alcoholism may damage the fetus, but because chemically
      dependent parents are more likely to abuse or neglect their children because of
      the impact of their own illness on their functioning as parents. In addition,
      families in which drug use is modeled as a typical behavior are more likely to
      produce adolescents who use drugs, although rigid rules against drug use are
      relatively ineffective in preventing adolescents from experimenting with drugs.
      Finally, certain behavior patterns in young childhood--particularly severe
      aggressiveness, rebelliousness, and learning problems at school--seem to be
      correlated with the development of chemical dependency during adolescence.

PMID- 3843487
TI  - The toxic adolescent: substance and alcohol abuse.

PMID- 3843488
TI  - Etiology of alcoholism: a new theoretic mosaic.

PMID- 3843489
TI  - Identification and management of the toxic adolescent.
AB  - Experimentation with alcohol and drugs is prevalent in adolescence. The clinical
      caring for older children, adolescents, and young adults must include substance
      misuse or abuse whenever behavioral, family, or related medical problems occur. A
      systematic approach using checklist and questionnaires, a directed physical
      examination, selected laboratory testing, and a 3-visit (or more) evaluation
      protocol will provide the clinician with the opportunity to assess patients and
      provide both them and their families with appropriate referrals. Most if not all
      clinicians seeing adolescents have these patients in their practices. Making the
      diagnosis is a result of recognition of symptoms and signs, evaluation, and
      appropriate referrals. The foregoing discussion should provide one approach to
      patient management that can result in the retrieval of a substantial number of
      our youth from an alcohol and drug-dominant lifestyle with its irreversible
      medical, social, and emotional residue.

PMID- 3843490
TI  - Acute management of common illicit drug intoxications.

PMID- 3843491
TI  - Ambulatory management of adolescent alcohol and drug abuse.
AB  - The foregoing description of program concept forms the philosophic basis for our
      ambulatory management of adolescents alcohol and drug abuse. The malleability of
      the adolescent and young adult is an advantage in helping him to adapt to a
      treatment program that is structured, consistent, and fair. The possibility of
      alternatives within that framework allows significant chances for success,
      thereby changing a negative lifestyle to one that meets the needs of the
      individual as required by his environment.

PMID- 3843492
TI  - Inpatient treatment of adolescent alcohol and polydrug abusers.

PMID- 3843493
TI  - Drugs to enhance athletic performance in the adolescent.
AB  - Why would any athlete expose himself to these pharmacologic agents? The most
      obvious answer is to improve performance. Since athletic performance is composed
      of so many variables, for example, attitude, diligence in training, strength,
      agility, and the competitive spirit, it is difficult to ascribe improvement in
      performance to any particular agent. It may be due to the placebo effect or to
      better or more efficient training, to say nothing about the effects of the normal
      maturational process. Certainly the peer pressure of others using these agents
      weighs heavily upon the adolescent's mind. Might peers have a competitive
      advantage? All of these points would be moot if it were not for the ready
      availability of many of these compounds. All are within reach of the athlete with
      a little knowledge of this subculture, and all are relatively inexpensive (with
      the exception of GH). They can be as tempting to adolescents as are brightly
      colored packages of household cleaners, vitamins, or flavored children's aspirin
      tablets to toddlers. Continuing with this analogy, one notes that most of the
      time children easily recover from accidental ingestions, but these instances,
      just as with drugs of adolescent and adult abuse, can be deadly.

PMID- 3843494
TI  - Advances in health risk assessment for systemic toxicants and chemical mixtures.
      An international symposium.

PMID- 3843495
TI  - Advances in health risk assessment for systemic toxicants and chemical mixtures.
      Introductory remarks.

PMID- 3843496
TI  - Risk assessment extrapolations and physiological modeling.
AB  - The process of assessing the risk associated with human exposure to environmental
      chemicals inevitably relies on a number of assumptions, estimates and
      rationalizations. One of the more challenging aspects of risk assessment involves
      the need to extrapolate beyond the range of conditions used in experimental
      animal studies to predict anticipated human risks. The most obvious extrapolation
      required is that from the tested animal species to humans; but others are also
      generally required, including extrapolating from high dose to low dose, from one
      route of exposure to another and from one exposure timeframe to another. Several
      avenues are available for attempting these extrapolations, ranging from the
      assumption of strict correspondence of dose to the use of statistical
      correlations. One promising alternative for conducting more scientifically sound
      extrapolations is that of using physiologically based pharmacokinetic models that
      contain sufficient biological detail to allow pharmacokinetic behavior to be
      predicted for widely different exposure scenarios. In recent years, successful
      physiological models have been developed for a variety of volatile and
      nonvolatile chemicals, and their ability to perform the extrapolations needed in
      risk assessment has been demonstrated. Techniques for determining the necessary
      biochemical parameters are readily available, and the computational requirements
      are now within the scope of even a personal computer. In addition to providing a
      sound framework for extrapolation, the predictive power of a physiologically
      based pharmacokinetic model makes it a useful tool for more reliable dose
      selection before beginning large-scale studies, as well as for the retrospective
      analysis of experimental results.

PMID- 3843497
TI  - Implications for risk assessment of host factors causing large pharmacokinetic
      variations.
AB  - Normal human subjects vary widely in their capacity to eliminate many drugs and
      environmental chemicals. These variations range in magnitude from fourfold to
      fortyfold depending on the drug and the population studied. Pharmacogenetics
      deals with only one of many host factors responsible for these large
      pharmacokinetic differences. Age, sex, diet and exposure to other drugs and
      chemicals, including oral contraceptives, ethanol and cigarette smoking, can
      alter the genetically determined rate at which a particular subject eliminates
      drugs and environmental chemicals. These elimination rates, therefore, are
      dynamic and change even in the same subject with time and condition. Regulatory
      legislation has only recently begun to recognize this very broad spectrum of
      human susceptibility and the existence of multiple special subgroups of
      particularly sensitive subjects. In setting standards for environmental
      chemicals, EPA and NIOSH have attempted to protect the most sensitive humans and
      should be encouraged to continue this policy. For some drugs and environmental
      chemicals, the commonly used safety factor of 100 may be too low; for these
      chemicals large, interindividual pharmacokinetic variations produced by
      pharmacogenetic and other host factors may make a safety factor of 400 or 500
      more adequate.

PMID- 3843498
TI  - Methods for route-to-route extrapolation of dose.
AB  - Results of acute toxicity studies for a variety of chemicals have indicated that,
      in most cases, although the inhalation route was more effective than the IG
      route, wide variations in toxicity occurred between these two routes. The major
      factors that may result in variations in toxicity between routes include:
      differences in absorption efficiency; differences in systemic effects; occurrence
      of critical toxicological effects at the portal of entry; first-pass effects
      resulting in inactivation or activation of the chemical agent before it reaches
      the target organ; and variations in temporal patterns of target organ
      concentrations. Extrapolation to determine safe exposure levels during chronic
      exposure becomes less reliable, not only as information relating to these factors
      decreases, but also as the quality or length of exposure decreases in the
      available toxicologic studies. VDC is an example of one of a few chemicals for
      which both chronic inhalation and oral toxicity data are available, along with
      detailed pharmacokinetic information. On the basis of the pharmacokinetic data,
      differences in toxicity between the two routes did not appear to be very likely
      for this chemical. This conjecture was supported by the results of chronic
      toxicity studies. Finally, assuming sufficient data and pharmacokinetic
      parameters are available, this paper presents a useful and practical approach to
      route extrapolation.

PMID- 3843499
TI  - Ranking chemicals based on chronic toxicity data.
AB  - During the past 3 years, EPA's ECAO/Cincinnati has developed a method to rank
      chemicals based on chronic toxicity data. This ranking system reflects two
      primary attributes of every chemical: the minimum effective dose and the type of
      effect elicited at that dose. The purpose for developing this chronic toxicity
      ranking system was to provide the EPA with the technical background required to
      adjust the RQs of hazardous substances designated in Section 101(14) of CERCLA or
      "Superfund." This approach may have applications to other areas of interest to
      the EPA and other regulatory agencies where ranking of chemicals based on chronic
      toxicity is desired.

PMID- 3843500
TI  - Development of a comparative potency method for cancer risk assessment of complex
      mixtures using short-term in vivo and in vitro bioassays.
AB  - A comparative potency method for cancer risk assessment has been developed based
      on a constant relative potency hypothesis. This method was developed and tested
      using data from a battery of short-term mutagenesis bioassays, animal
      tumorigenicity data and human lung cancer risk estimations. This data base was
      developed for a series of complex mixtures including emissions from coke ovens,
      roofing tar pots, cigarette smoke and automotive engines. The series of
      automobiles used in this study included both diesel- and gasoline-powered
      vehicles. The assumptions inherent in this method are discussed, together with
      the methods and data base used to test these assumptions.

PMID- 3843501
TI  - A standardized benchmark approach to the use of cancer epidemiology data for risk
      assessment.
AB  - Clarity and scientific validity are two criteria for assessing the quality of
      communications between scientists and risk managers. Regulating permissible
      exposures on the basis of very-low-dose risk extrapolation uses scientific
      information that may not meet either criterion. With regard to clarity, it is
      difficult for an individual to conceive of the meaning of risks on the order of 1
      in 1,000,000 lifetime excess. With regard to scientific validity, the
      uncertainties of extrapolating risks at very low doses are evident in the wide
      variation in results produced depending on the statistical and pharmacokinetic
      assumptions made. An alternative approach is to fix benchmarks from which safety
      factors are chosen (Gaylor, 1983). For epidemiological data, we propose a
      benchmark of that exposure which would cause 1% cancer excess with 10 yr of
      exposure followed by 30 yr of further followup. These values have been chosen at
      this stage of development since they are close to observable values in many
      cancer epidemiology studies. In the first stage, excess cancer risk versus
      duration of exposure is plotted and the excess risk is estimated for a exposure
      duration of 10 yr. The next step involves a short linear extrapolation from the
      exposure levels linked with this excess risk to the exposure levels that would
      cause a 1% excess risk over a duration of 10 yr. We have established preliminary
      benchmarks from published data for benzene and radon daughter exposure.
      Permissable exposure levels might then be set by deciding on safety
      factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3843502
TI  - Permissible concentrations of chemicals in air and water derived from RTECS
      entries: a "rash" chemical scoring system.
AB  - Many chemicals are of concern to human health, but only a few have
      epidemiologically derived risk estimates. About 45,000 chemicals are listed in
      RTECS, most of which have had some testing in subhuman models. RTECS entries
      range from cellular effects through organoleptic damage to lethality, with many
      pathological endpoints listed, including mutagenic changes, irritation,
      teratogenesis, cancer, mortality, etc. However, it is difficult to extend any
      biological test results to human risk assessments. If the results are extended,
      the degree of validity is highly uncertain. This paper describes a logical basis
      for using the entire complex spectrum of test results to evaluate the overall
      toxicological potency of a chemical to be assayed (i.e., an interviewing
      chemical) and describes how to derive tentative, permissible concentrations in
      air and water for any particular chemical for which no regulatory guidance
      exists. This approach has been tested for 16 reference chemicals discussed in
      NIOSH Criteria Documents, EPA-CAG reports, etc. The evaluations are
      uncomplicated, but occasionally it is difficult to match RTECS entries for two
      different chemicals. Difficult comparisons may require some familiarity with
      experimental design and the toxicological literature. One important product of
      this novel approach is that a distribution or array of potency values is obtained
      for any chemical evaluated. This distribution reflects many uncertainties
      stemming from low statistical power, experimental design, pharmacological
      processes, interspecies variability, dose rate, biological effect monitored,
      route of treatment, etc. The array of relative values for a particular chemical
      reflects many different biological and physical conditions. The distribution of
      the array helps to index a composite toxicological profile for many different
      biological effects resulting from numerous treatment protocols. To minimize the
      effect of extreme sensitivity of certain (perhaps novel) biological test models,
      possible errors in the RTECS data-base, and possible human pharmacological
      insensitivity to a particular chemical and/or a particular route of
      administration, we consider the interquartile range (i.e., the central 50%) of
      the array of relative potency values between two chemicals being compared as a
      practical measure of uncertainty. Thus, the range in response derived from
      variability in relative potency should be useful in addressing the range of
      response in man as estimated from extrapolations of test data.

PMID- 3843503
TI  - Novel methods for the estimation of acceptable daily intake.
AB  - This paper describes two general methods for estimating ADIs that circumvent some
      of the limitations inherent in current approaches. The first method is based on a
      graphic presentation of toxicity data and is also shown to be useful for
      estimating acceptable intakes for durations of toxicant exposure other than the
      entire lifetime. The second method uses dose-response or dose-effect data to
      calculate lower CLs on the dose rate associated with specified response or effect
      levels. These approaches should lead to firmer, better established ADIs through
      increased use of the entire spectrum of toxicity data.

PMID- 3843504
TI  - Health hazard assessment for chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans other than 2,
      3, 7, 8-TCDD.
AB  - EPA is faced with the need to perform health risk assessments of environmental
      materials containing mixtures of chlorinated dioxins and -dibenzofurans.
      Preferably, such an assessment must be based on the direct evaluation of chronic
      health effects of the mixture or on a knowledge of the toxic effects of each of
      the components. In the absence of such data, the authors have developed two
      pragmatic approaches that can reasonably be applied to mixtures such as flyash or
      contaminated soil. The details of these approaches, viewed as interim procedures,
      are compared and contrasted with those used by other regulatory and public health
      authorities.

PMID- 3843505
TI  - Structure-activity considerations in risk assessment: a simulation study.
AB  - The use of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) is considered
      with respect to estimating the carcinogenic risk of untested chemicals. SAR
      derived from a retrospective classification of a series of aromatic amines were
      used to study the estimation of carcinogenic risk by analogy. Using pattern
      recognition methods, a series of molecular descriptors were developed for a data
      set of aromatic amines that supported a linear discriminant function capable of
      separating compounds testing positively for carcinogenicity from those testing
      negatively. Linear discriminant analysis correctly categorized the compounds as
      positive or negative in 94.9% of the cases. For each aromatic amine within the
      subset of positive compounds, the most appropriate analogue was identified using
      physicochemical, topological, geometric and electronic molecular descriptors as
      variables. An upper-limit unit risk estimate was calculated for each compound
      that was a positive carcinogen within the data set using the linearized
      multistage model. The actual risk and the risk estimated by analogy to a congener
      were compared for each compound within the positive subset. The results support
      estimating both qualitative and quantitative carcinogenic risk by analogy for
      this particular data set.

PMID- 3843506
TI  - Development of an acceptable factor to estimate chronic end points from acute
      toxicity data.
AB  - Acceptable daily intake (ADI) values are routinely developed for threshold
      toxicants from NOAELs determined from human or animal chronic or subchronic data.
      These NOAELs are then divided by appropriate uncertainty factors ranging from 10
      to 1000 depending on the quality of the data. However, for the vast majority of
      chemicals used industrially, adequate toxicity data needed to use this process
      are not available. Thus, a procedure to estimate a chronic toxicity endpoint from
      acute toxicity data, such as an oral rat LD50, becomes necessary. An acute-to
      chronic application factor of 0.0001 was developed, which when multiplied by an
      oral LD50 for an individual chemical, yields a surrogate chronic NOAEL. This
      figure can then be used to estimate an acceptable daily exposure for humans. The
      process used to estimate this application factor is detailed.

PMID- 3843507
TI  - Issues on health risk assessment at hazardous waste sites and resource recovery
      facilities in Region II.
AB  - This paper examines the issues involved in health risk assessments at hazardous
      waste sites and resource recovery facilities in Region II and emphasizes the
      programmatic aspects of the problem and the integration of risk assessment into
      the permitting process for these facilities. Suggestions for the R&D agenda and
      policy needs to support a risk assessment strategy in this area are also
      discussed.

PMID- 3843508
TI  - A multi-route exposure assessment of chemically contaminated drinking water.
AB  - This report provides an example of how a single source of contamination could
      potentially contribute to all routes of exposure. A modeling approach was used to
      estimate multiple exposure routes in an attempt to assess the health significance
      of gasoline-contaminated drinking water supplies. This model consisted of a two
      compartment, indoor air quality equation that calculates the contribution made by
      ambient and indoor air contaminated by a pollutant volatilized from drinking
      water to that pollutant's inhalation burden. In addition, the model uses the
      traditional equations for assessing a pollutant's oral and dermal burdens.
      Benzene, toluene and xylene were used as surrogates for gasoline contamination to
      determine the contribution of contaminated water to adult and child body burdens
      from indoor air, oral (drinking water and food) and dermal exposure routes. The
      contribution thus calculated for each chemical was compared to the EPA's Office
      of Drinking Water Health Advisories. In terms of acute exposure, the use of
      chemically contaminated water for showering purposes may generate vapor in the
      confined area of the bathroom at levels sufficient to cause or contribute to
      mucous tissue irritation, as commonly reported in affected homes. High
      temperatures and humidity may also contribute to these effects, especially in the
      bathroom. In terms of chronic exposure, the use of chemically contaminated water
      at EPA-recommended guideline amounts in an affected home may result in
      inhalation, oral and dermal exposures leading to cumulative doses exceeding adult
      and child total daily body burdens based on EPA's Health Advisories. Thus, this
      model indicates that the traditional standard/guidelines derivation processes
      should be reevaluated to consider the pollutant contribution from multiple routes
      of exposure. The New Jersey Departments of Health and Environmental Protection
      conducted a study in which concentrations of several pollutants including benzene
      in the breathing zone were measured during a 15-minute shower in homes with
      contaminated water. The findings suggest that the air quality model used in the
      present study may satisfactorily predict the airborne concentrations of
      pollutants in, at least, the bathroom after showering with contaminated water
      (Pearson rank correlation coefficient of 0.773 with p = 0.0012 for n = 14). The
      findings of the present study support the use of an adjustment factor for all
      exposure durations to account for exposures to other sources of the contaminant,
      i.e., urban, occupational, and food. A value of 20% seems appropriate based on
      the study's findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3843509
TI  - Risk assessment for fetal toxicity.
AB  - This paper reviews the problem of performing risk assessments using data on fetal
      toxic effects. It briefly discusses the usual dose-response models and their
      inappropriateness for application to such data. The paper then considers tests
      for determining whether the fetal toxic effect is increased over that of the
      control group. Assuming an increase has been shown, the use of a fetal toxicity,
      dose-response model for risk assessment is discussed. The paper then applies
      these methods to data from an experiment using female mice mated with irradiated
      males. Finally, the paper discusses the need for further statistical research in
      this important area.

PMID- 3843510
TI  - Mouse liver tumor data: assessment of carcinogenic activity.
AB  - Significant numbers of chemicals have been shown to be carcinogenic in mouse
      liver although they do not exhibit carcinogenic activity in other organs or
      tissues of mice or rats. This review focuses on the reasons for the unique
      susceptibility of the mouse liver to these carcinogens and the extent to which
      the carcinogenic activity of a chemical in mouse liver can be used to predict
      carcinogenicity in humans. Many of these mouse liver carcinogens lack genotoxic
      activity and, as such, have been proposed to be tumor promoters. Two mechanisms
      that may explain the action of nongenotoxic carcinogens in mouse liver are
      reviewed. These are: direct action on precursor cancer cells, either to
      accelerate their growth or to prevent their death and the selective growth
      advantage, resulting from regenerative hyperplasia of precursor cancer cells in
      response to the necrosis of normal cells produced by hepatotoxins. Estimating
      human health risks on the basis of mouse liver tumor data is believed to differ
      for nongenotoxic and genotoxic carcinogens in two fundamental ways. The first
      involves intraspecies extrapolation and the second involves low-dose
      extrapolation. In conclusion, although mouse liver tumor data are seen to be of
      value in estimating human health hazard, it is important to distinguish between
      genotoxic and nongenotoxic mechanisms in applying such data. Further study of the
      biochemical and molecular mechanisms of chemical carcinogens is necessary to
      determine the relationship between their activity in mouse liver and their
      activity in humans.

PMID- 3843511
TI  - A statistical model for species extrapolation using categorical response data.
AB  - Predictions of human health risk for single chemicals are often based on animal
      studies and hence require some sort of adjustment for species differences in
      toxic susceptibility. In the past, either the animal dose has been divided by an
      uncertainty factor or the dose has been transformed by a mathematical model into
      a human equivalent dose. A generalization of the allometric model previously used
      for carcinogens, the so-called "surface area model," is investigated here for use
      with graded severity response data for noncarcinogenic systemic toxicity.
      Statistical methods for estimating one of the model's parameters, the power of
      body weight, are proposed and tested on simulated and actual toxicity data. Early
      results indicate reasonable accuracy if data are available for a large number of
      dose groups.

PMID- 3843512
TI  - Improving the use of epidemiologic data in health risk assessment.
AB  - Epidemiologic data with quantitative exposure measures is infrequently available
      for specific environmental agents. This lack of exposure measures creates
      confusion in interpreting epidemiologic data and therefore has impeded its
      efficient use in health risk analysis. This paper discusses screening and
      evaluating epidemiologic studies for use in assessing health risk. It also
      describes the larger role of epidemiology in reducing uncertainties in risk
      analysis. The approach recognizes that the various designs used to increase
      statistical power and to control for covariables have different functions in
      contemporary risk assessment as practiced by regulatory agencies. Each of these
      study designs is categorized for its role in risk analysis as useful for hazard
      identification or for dose-response assessment. Studies presenting geographic
      correlations are construed to be not directly useful in health risk assessment.
      The numerical level of the exposure data is a deciding factor in using valid
      epidemiologic studies. However, data measured on an ordinal scale can be used in
      qualitative assessments and can demonstrate the strength of the relationship. The
      application of this procedure is illustrated using epidemiologic studies on the
      carcinogenicity of chemicals contaminated with dioxins.

PMID- 3843513
TI  - New risk assessment initiatives in EPA.
AB  - This paper describes EPA's recent efforts to ensure consistency and technical
      competence of the agency's risk assessments. These include five risk assessment
      guidelines proposed in November 1984 and January 1985 and establishment of a Risk
      Assessment Forum. The technical provisions of the five guidelines have been
      outlined.

PMID- 3843514
TI  - Assessing the power and quality of epidemiologic studies of asbestos-exposed
      populations.
AB  - This paper briefly discusses criteria for evaluating epidemiologic studies for
      risk assessment purposes, using asbestos as an example. Asbestos is one of the
      few carcinogens for which substantial data exist on exposures to humans. However,
      there are major difficulties in using these data for conducting risk assessments.
      In particular, exposure data are often incomplete, and risk assessments usually
      involve extrapolating from the higher exposures of the occupational environments
      to the lower levels typically encountered in the nonoccupational environment. The
      term "asbestos" refers to the fibrous form of several minerals, and levels of
      exposures to these fibers are not easily assessed. Criteria for evaluating
      epidemiologic studies used in an Ontario Royal Commission report on asbestos are
      discussed. The importance of considering the statistical power of studies to
      detect an excess risk is examined using as examples major cohort studies of
      asbestos-exposed workers, as summarized in a report by the U.S. National Research
      Council.

PMID- 3843515
TI  - [Effect of sex on brainstem auditory evoked potentials].

PMID- 3843516
TI  - [Spontaneous nystagmus in albinos: morphological study].

PMID- 3843518
TI  - [Development of the ethmoid in the human fetus].

PMID- 3843517
TI  - [Meniere's disease and temporal pneumatization].

PMID- 3843519
TI  - [Vertical fronto-lateral laryngectomy in cordo-commissural tumors].

PMID- 3843520
TI  - [Peri-tracheostomal recurrences following total laryngectomy].

PMID- 3843521
TI  - [Lipid-bound sialic acid: a biological indicator of laryngeal neoplasia].

PMID- 3843522
TI  - [Hormone receptors in normal and pathological salivary glands. Preliminary
      results].

PMID- 3843523
TI  - [Mixed nasal glioma: clinico-statistical contribution].

PMID- 3843524
TI  - Tissue reactivity in the rat following administration of Actinomyces viscosus in
      Freund's adjuvant.

PMID- 3843525
TI  - Transport and intracellular metabolism of the complexes of cortisol
      asialotranscortin in the liver.

PMID- 3843526
TI  - A specific laboratory test for the diagnosis of primary depression. A review
      results.

PMID- 3843527
TI  - Experimental choice of plastic for bioactive intrauterine contraception.

PMID- 3843528
TI  - New aspects in diagnosis and therapy of septic shock.

PMID- 3843529
TI  - Legg Calve Perthes disease: a comparison of long-term and short-term follow-up
      results of non-containment treatment.

PMID- 3843530
TI  - Incidence of orthodontic anomalies in school children in Prague 10.

PMID- 3843531
TI  - The effect of two N-acetylcysteine containing drugs on the ultrastructure of the
      tracheal epithelium in rabbits.

PMID- 3843532
TI  - Spectroscopic studies of the interactions of coenzymes and coenzyme fragments
      with pig heart, oxidized triphosphopyridine nucleotide specific isocitrate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - Spectroscopic, ultrafiltration, and kinetic studies have been used to
      characterize interactions of reduced and oxidized triphosphopyridine nucleotides
      (TPNH and TPN), 2'-phosphoadenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (Rib-P2-Ado-P), and
      adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate [Ado(2',5')P2] with with TPN-specific isocitrate
      dehydrogenase. Close similarity of the UV difference spectra and of the protein
      fluorescence changes accompanying the formation of the binary complexes provides
      evidence for the binding of these nucleotides to the same site on the enzyme.
      From the pH dependence of the dissociation constants for TPNH binding to TPN
      specific isocitrate dehydrogenase in the absence and in the presence of Mn2+,
      over the pH range 5.8-7.6, it has been demonstrated that the nucleotide binds to
      the enzyme in its unprotonated, metal-free form. The involvement of positively
      charged residues, protonated over the pH range studied, has been postulated. One
      TPNH binding site per enzyme subunit has been measured by fluorescence and
      difference absorption titrations. A dramatic effect of ionic strength on binding
      has been demonstrated: about a 1000-fold decrease in the dissociation constant
      for TPNH has been observed at pH 7.6 upon decreasing ionic strength from 0.336
      (Kd = 1.2 +/- 0.2 microM) to 0.036 M (Kd = 0.4 +/- 0.1 nM) in the presence and in
      the absence of 100 mM Na2SO4, respectively. Weak competition of sulfate ions for
      the nucleotide binding site has been observed (KI = 57 +/- 3 mM). The binding of
      TPN in the presence of 100 mM Na2SO4 at pH 7.6 is about 100-fold weaker (Kd = 110
      +/- 22 microM) than the binding of the reduced coenzyme and is similarly affected
      by ionic strength. These results demonstrate the importance of electrostatic
      interactions in the binding of the coenzyme to TPN-specific isocitrate
      dehydrogenase. The large enhancement of protein fluorescence caused by binding of
      TPN and Rib-P2-Ado-P (delta Fmax = 50%) and of Ado(2',5')P2 (delta Fmax = 41%)
      has been ascribed to a local conformational change of the enzyme. An apparent
      stoichiometry of 0.5 nucleotide binding site per peptide chain was determined for
      TPN, Rib-P2-Ado-P, and Ado(2',5')P2 from fluorescence titrations, in contrast to
      one binding site per enzyme subunit determined from UV difference spectral
      titration and ultrafiltration experiments. Thus, the binding of one molecule of
      the nucleotide per dimeric enzyme molecule is responsible for the total increase
      in protein fluorescence, while binding to the second subunit does not cause
      further change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3843534
TI  - [Correlation of coronary cineangiographic, surgical and anatomopathological
      findings in patients subjected to myocardial revascularization].

PMID- 3843533
TI  - Compact state of a protein molecule with pronounced small-scale mobility: bovine
      alpha-lactalbumin.
AB  - We describe a novel physical state of a protein molecule which is nearly as
      compact as the native state and has pronounced secondary structure, but differs
      from the native state by the large increase of thermal fluctuations (in
      particular, by the large mobility of side groups). This state has been
      characterized in detail for the acid form of bovine alpha-lactalbumin as a result
      of the study of physical properties of this state by a large variety of different
      methods (hydrodynamics, diffuse X-ray scattering, circular dichroism and infrared
      spectra, polarization of the luminescence, proton magnetic resonance, deuterium
      exchange and microcalorimetry). It has been shown that bovine alpha-lactalbumin
      can be transformed into a similar state by thermal denaturation. This process is
      thermodynamically two state (i.e. all-or-none transition), which means that this
      state differs from the native one by a phase transition of the first order.

PMID- 3843536
TI  - Multiple-choice examinations. A disaster for medical education.

PMID- 3843535
TI  - Worldwide trends in funding for contraceptive research and evaluation.

PMID- 3843537
TI  - Diminished ability to interpret and report internal states after bilateral medial
      temporal resection: case H.M.
AB  - These experiments centered around H.M., a 54-year-old man who became amnesic 27
      years ago after a bilateral resection in the medial temporal lobe region for
      epilepsy. In order to document the clinical reports that he rarely comments on
      such internal states as pain, hunger, and thirst, his thermal pain perception was
      examined in relation to his other somatosensory capacities, and his reports of
      hunger and thirst were assessed before and after meals. In order to investigate
      the effect of limited memory ability on the reporting of internal states, H.M.'s
      performance was compared with that of 5 other subjects with global amnesia. The
      results provided evidence that H.M.'s information about internal states is less
      available or less accessible than normal and that his impairment is not
      attributable to his well-documented memory deficit. Instead, it is believed that
      the bilateral resection of the amygdala accounts for H.M.'s poor appreciation of
      his internal states.

PMID- 3843538
TI  - An age comparison of the rates of acquisition and forgetting of spatial
      information in relation to long-term enhancement of hippocampal synapses.
AB  - Age differences in the rates of acquisition and forgetting of a spatial memory
      problem were compared with corresponding differences in the rates of increase and
      decay of long-term synaptic enhancement (LTE) of hippocampal synapses, induced by
      high-frequency stimulation of perforant path fibers. Old animals approached their
      final asymptotic performance levels more slowly than did the young animals and
      exhibited faster rates of forgetting of the problem. Similarly, LTE reached its
      maximum more slowly in the old animals and decayed more quickly. Although the
      absolute rates of behavioral acquisition and forgetting were different from the
      corresponding rates of increase and decay of LTE, the relative differences
      between age groups were rather similar. This was particularly true for the
      comparison of forgetting with LTE decay. The relation of these data to the
      hypothesis that LTE underlies spatial learning and memory is discussed.

PMID- 3843539
TI  - Central cholinergic involvement in working memory: effects of scopolamine on
      continuous nonmatching and discrimination performance in the rat.
AB  - Rats were trained to stable baselines of lever pressing on a variable intertrial
      interval continuous nonmatching to sample schedule (CNM) or on an analogous
      discrimination schedule. Scopolamine reduced accuracy of CNM performance to a
      similar extent over the three intertrial (retention) intervals: 2.5, 5, and 10 s,
      results indicating that the drug did not affect the time-dependent process of
      retention in working memory. When baseline levels of performance accuracy were
      similar in the CNM and discrimination tasks (but stimulus discriminability was
      greater in the CNM task), scopolamine reduced accuracy equally in the two
      procedures. Effects of scopolamine on accuracy of noncorrection trial CNM
      performance were simulated by reducing stimulus discriminability; however,
      scopolamine disrupted CNM correction trial performance much more than did
      reductions in stimulus discriminability. It is concluded that scopolamine's
      effects on working memory are not limited to possible effects on stimulus
      discrimination: Scopolamine may also affect retrieval of response rules from
      reference memory.

PMID- 3843540
TI  - Response-reinforcer associations after caudate-putamen lesions in the rat:
      spatial discrimination and overshadowing-potentiation effects in instrumental
      learning.
AB  - Experiment 1 demonstrated that rats with caudate-putamen lesions show an
      impairment in the acquisition and reversal of a spatial maze task when compared
      with unoperated control subjects. Experiment 2 examined lever-press responding
      supported by a variable interval schedule in three groups of subjects: a group
      with caudate-putamen lesions, a group with lesions of the posterior cortex, and
      an unoperated control group. The presentation of a 0.5-s, response-contingent
      light correlated with reinforcement generated an elevated response rate in the
      two operated groups but tended to suppress responding in the control group,
      perhaps by overshadowing the response-reinforcer relation. Only the group with
      cortical lesions maintained the elevated rate when the light was uncorrelated
      with food delivery. Experiment 3 confirmed for these same subjects that caudate
      putamen lesions produce a spatial learning deficit. No deficit was seen in the
      posterior cortex group. It is suggested that caudate-putamen lesions disrupt the
      mechanism underlying the response-reinforcer association upon which spatial maze
      learning and free operant responding in part depend.

PMID- 3843541
TI  - Dissociation of autonomic and behavioral components of conditioned fear during
      development in the rat.
AB  - Classical conditioning of heart rate (HR) was examined in unrestrained
      preweanling and weanling (16-, 19-, 21-, 25-, and 28-day-old) rats, with tone and
      light as the conditioned stimuli (CS) and electric shock as the unconditioned
      stimulus. The conditioned cardiac response was a sustained deceleration in HR
      which did not emerge until Day 21 for the tone CS and until Day 28 for the light
      CS. In contrast, when suppression of a behavioral response (running in a straight
      alley for dry suckling as reward) was used as the index of conditioning, the
      suppressive effects of the CS were evident around Day 16 for the tone and around
      Day 19 for the light. These findings indicate that during ontogenesis (a) the
      behavioral and autonomic responses to the same conditioned stimulus do not
      develop at the same pace, (b) the emergence of conditioned responses to tone and
      light stimuli parallel the sequential order in which the relevant sensory
      modalities achieve maturity (first audition, next vision), and (c) there is no
      clear-cut interdependence between development of the HR orienting response and
      conditionability of HR because unconditioned cardiac deceleration to both
      auditory and visual stimuli first appears about Day 16 in the developing rat,
      well before conditioned HR responses can be established to either stimulus.

PMID- 3843542
TI  - Greater task difficulty amplifies the facilitatory effect of des-glycinamide
      arginine vasopressin on appetitively motivated learning.
AB  - Rats were trained in a discrete-trial forward autoshaping paradigm to touch an
      extended lever to earn food pellets. Reinforcement was delivered either
      simultaneously with or 6 s after lever retraction which occurred either non
      contingently after 15 s or when the animal touched the lever. Treatment with des
      glycinamide arginine vasopressin (DGAVP; 15 micrograms/kg, sc) 1 hr before
      sessions increased the rate of acquisition of the extended-lever-touch response
      and also facilitated development of intertrial (adjunctive) nose poking. Effects
      of the peptide were more robust in the more difficult, delayed reinforcement
      task. DGAVP lacks the classical peripheral activity of vasopressin. In both
      experiments, peptide treatment was terminated before asymptotic levels of
      performance were attained; the continued facilitation of acquisition in treated
      groups suggests a specific enhancement of learning and/or enhanced memory
      retrieval.

PMID- 3843543
TI  - Previous experience disrupts atropine-induced stereotyped "trapping" in rats.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to investigate the phenomenon of atropine
      induced stereotypic trapping in rats reported by Schallert, De Ryck, and
      Teitelbaum (1980). The first two showed that such trapping was disrupted by
      previous experience with the specific trapping task or the test context alone.
      The third showed that, in response to the test context, specific behaviors were
      altered in rats experienced with the context. Inexperienced atropine-treated
      animals moved slowly and showed a strong thigmotaxis to surfaces with the body
      and particularly the snout. The hindquarters did not cooperate well with the
      movements of the forequarters. In contrast, atropine-treated animals familiar
      with the context moved with medium-speed, coordinated movements, were independent
      of surface contact with body and snout, and the hindquarters cooperated fully
      with forequarter movements. These reactions of drugged animals were exaggerated
      forms of those of undrugged animals to the unfamiliar and familiar context,
      respectively. Thus, atropine enhances the reactions of the rat to both a novel
      and a familiar environment. The enhanced reactions to a novel environment appear
      as stereotyped behaviors that trap the animal in particular configurations of
      surfaces. The enhanced reactions to a familiar environment abolish the
      stereotypic trapping normally produced by atropine. This pattern of results
      indicates that it is not atropine per se that leads to trapping. Rather,
      stereotypic trapping develops as a consequence of an interaction between the
      adaptive responses of the rat to a novel environment and atropine.

PMID- 3843544
TI  - Differential effects of lesions in three limbic areas on ultrasound production
      and lordosis by female hamsters.
AB  - Ultrasound production and lordosis were examined in ovariectomized, hormone
      primed female hamsters before and after sham operations or bilateral electrolytic
      lesions in the lateral septum/bed nucleus, corticomedial amygdala, or lateral
      habenula. During 2-min exposures to synthetic ultrasounds and 1-min exposures to
      stimulus males, females with corticomedial amygdala lesions exhibited reduced
      ultrasound rates and lordosis durations. Following lesions in the lateral
      septum/bed nucleus, females showed significant increases in ultrasound rates with
      no pre- to postoperative change in lordosis. Ablations of the lateral habenula
      had no effect on calling but were associated with shorter lordosis durations.
      These results demonstrate that two reproductive behaviors, ultrasound production
      and lordosis, are differentially affected, depending on lesion placement within
      the limbic system. In turn, these differences demonstrate that the neural
      mechanisms for two elements of a single major class of behavior can be quite
      distinct, both in terms of the likelihood that particular brain areas will be
      involved and in the nature of their involvement.

PMID- 3843545
TI  - Role of anorexia and behavioral activation in amphetamine-induced suppression of
      feeding: implications for understanding tolerance.
AB  - In order to gain further insight into the mechanism of contingent tolerance to
      amphetamine anorexia (Carlton & Wolgin, 1971), an attempt was made to determine
      the role of anorexia and behavioral activation (increased locomotion and/or
      stereotypy) in the initial suppression of feeding produced by the drug. Rats
      administered chronic injections of either saline or amphetamine (2 or 4 mg/kg)
      were given milk either directly into the mouth through an intraoral cannula or in
      a standard drinking tube. It was reasoned that although drug-induced anorexia
      would affect intake with both methods of feeding to the same degree, the
      disruptive effect of behavioral activation would be greater in bottle-fed rats.
      The results revealed that bottle-fed rats given amphetamine showed substantially
      greater suppression of intake than cannula-fed rats. Saline-treated rats showed
      almost identical milk intake with the two methods. Recovery of intake occurred in
      all drugged rats except those given 4 mg/kg and fed by bottle. In the tolerant
      groups, rats fed by bottle and given 2 mg/kg recovered at a faster rate than
      cannula-fed rats at either dose. These results demonstrate that in the normal
      drinking condition, the initial suppression of intake is caused by a combination
      of anorexia and behavioral interference and that tolerance occurs to both of
      these effects.

PMID- 3843546
TI  - Circadian rhythms in food intake and activity in domestic cats.
AB  - Daily patterns of food intake and activity were determined for normal cats and
      cats with pontile lesions. Food intake in the dark and in the light of LD
      (light/dark) cycles were determined separately by weighing the food, and a
      "percentage nocturnal" score was calculated. The measure of activity was infrared
      photobeam interruptions, with the photobeam placed in front of the cages, over
      the food bowl. No differences between normal cats and cats with pontile lesions
      were detected for any of the measures. Food intake of cats was influenced by
      simulated starlight and moonlight conditions and by the presence of humans. Cats
      in isolation from humans and human noises exhibited random patterns of activity
      in constant light and free-running circadian rhythms in constant dark.
      Idiosyncratic differences in entrainment to LD cycles were found among cats, and
      the relevance of this variability is noted for studies of photoperiodic phenomena
      in this species.

PMID- 3843547
TI  - Feeding rate and responses to food deprivation as a function of fasting-induced
      hypoglycemia.
AB  - The relation between hypoglycemia induced by 3 hr of food removal at various
      times throughout the day and the amount eaten during the corresponding ad-lib
      periods was examined in rats. It was found that the 3-hr-deprivation fall in
      blood glucose was different between the night and the daytime and also between
      the beginning and the end of the daytime. A highly significant correlation
      existed between the 3-hr ad-lib intake and this time-dependent fall in blood
      glucose. Moreover, the correlation between the same fall in blood glucose and
      increases in subsequent intakes after 3-hr deprivation was also significant. The
      conclusion is drawn that rats eat at a rate just required to prevent hypoglycemia
      under ad-lib conditions and that after food deprivation they transiently increase
      this rate to correct the fall in blood glucose and to reestablish the required
      supply of glucose to tissues.

PMID- 3843548
TI  - External dacryocystorhinostomy results.

PMID- 3843549
TI  - [Computerized data on retinal vascular disorders (occlusion of the branches of
      the retinal veins and drepanocytosis)].

PMID- 3843550
TI  - [Various applications of personal computers in the daily practice of the
      ophthalmologist].

PMID- 3843551
TI  - [The value of computerized perimetry using the Peritest].

PMID- 3843552
TI  - [Immunoglobulin E in tears].

PMID- 3843553
TI  - A study of Usher's syndrome (cases from Belgium and China).

PMID- 3843554
TI  - Some basic but fundamental remarks concerning eye surgery.

PMID- 3843555
TI  - [Statistical evaluation of keratotomy after about 1000 operations].

PMID- 3843556
TI  - Influence of progesterone on the activity of sebaceous gland in rat.

PMID- 3843557
TI  - Subcorneal pustular dermatosis in a young boy.

PMID- 3843558
TI  - Immunostimulation with an allied mycobacterium and DDS chemotherapy in
      lepromatous leprosy.

PMID- 3843559
TI  - Challenge of communicable disease epidemics in India.

PMID- 3843560
TI  - Blood brain barrier in neonatal jaundice.

PMID- 3843561
TI  - Evaluation of delivery of nutrition and health services in an I.C.D.S. block.
      Integrated Child Development Services.

PMID- 3843562
TI  - Electroencephalography in evaluation of term asphyxiated neonates.

PMID- 3843563
TI  - Measles vaccination. Prevention strategy for malnutrition.

PMID- 3843564
TI  - Pygopagus twins.

PMID- 3843565
TI  - Hyperbilirubinemia due to massive cephalhematoma.

PMID- 3843566
TI  - Cryptophthalmos and anophthalmos.

PMID- 3843567
TI  - Choledochal cyst.

PMID- 3843568
TI  - 4th ventricular cysticercus cyst.

PMID- 3843569
TI  - Myocarditis and related disorders. Proceedings of the International Symposium on
      Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis. December 12-15, 1984, Tokyo, Japan.

PMID- 3843570
TI  - Clinical aspects of virus/immune myocarditis.
AB  - Although a cause-and-effect relationship between viral infection and myocarditis
      remains inferential, two distinct clinical syndromes can be identified. During
      the early viral phase, the cardiac manifestations emerge while the symptoms of
      active viral infection are also present. During the chronic phase, symptoms of
      the viral infection may be remote or nonexistent, and identification of active
      myocarditis is contingent upon an aggressive diagnostic approach with
      endomyocardial biopsy and gallium 67 imaging. The exact incidence of myocarditis
      in patients with heart failure of unknown cause is unclear due to lack of
      standardization of histologic parameters. There are no other clinical clues to
      the presence of myocarditis in those patients presenting with cardiomyopathy or
      ventricular arrhythmia. For further clarification of the incidence and various
      presentations of myocarditis a large multi-center trial is necessary.

PMID- 3843571
TI  - Profiles of biopsy-proven cases with myocarditis.
AB  - Fifty-seven patients with unexplained dilated hearts and congestive heart failure
      were studied clinically and by endomyocardial biopsy of the left ventricle. Of
      the patients, 61% had histologic evidence of active lymphocytic myocarditis. The
      sudden onset of heart failure, often with arrhythmias, if preceded by a viral
      like illness indicated a high chance of finding inflammatory infiltration in the
      biopsy material. No abnormal accumulation of immunoglobulin was found in these
      patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. Immunosuppressive therapy
      did not always bring about improvement.

PMID- 3843572
TI  - Myocardial bioptic findings in correlation with TL-201 imaging and hemodynamic
      parameters in patients with latent cardiomyopathies suspected of having
      myocarditis.
AB  - Sixty-eight patients (24 males, 44 females, mean age 37.2 years) belonging to
      NYHA classes I and II were investigated. All patients had a nondilated ventricle
      as well as hemodynamic criteria of "latent cardiomyopathy." In 78% of the
      patients, a high susceptibility to infection, frequent angina, or possible
      myocarditis were found. In 75.5%, the mean pulmonary artery pressure was
      abnormal. T1-201 scintigraphy revealed perfusion defects in 78%. Dyskinesia or
      hypokinesia were found in 52%. The left ventricular ejection fraction was normal
      in 74%. On biopsy, pathologic findings were detected in 60.9% of patients with a
      high frequency of hypertrophy and fibrosis (50%). In two patients, lymphocytic
      infiltrates were found. Immunohistologically, deposits of complement, IgG, IgM,
      and gammaglobulin, mainly in the sarcolemma, could be identified in 19.1% of
      cases. The myocardium was normal in 39.1%; insufficient material was found in
      5.9% of patients. Morphologic, scintigraphic, and hemodynamic findings could not
      be correlated but the combination of two pathologic parameters permitted
      diagnosis. Biopsy was the most effective diagnostic method in myocarditis.

PMID- 3843573
TI  - Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular wall motion in myocarditis.
AB  - Segmental wall motion abnormalities are common in patients with myocarditis. Left
      ventricular (LV) regional wall motion was assessed in six patients with
      myocarditis by two-dimensional echocardiography. Some of our patients
      demonstrated regional thinning of the wall, similar to myocardial infarction.
      Therefore, segmental wall motion abnormalities with or without regional wall
      thinning detected by two-dimensional echocardiography cannot be used to
      differentiate myocarditis from coronary artery disease. Nevertheless,
      echocardiography can be performed repeatedly and is useful for evaluating the
      severity of myocarditis by assessing LV regional wall motion abnormalities,
      changes in LV wall thickness and cardiac pump function during the course of the
      disease.

PMID- 3843574
TI  - Histopathologic aspects of viral myocarditis and its diagnostic criteria.
AB  - The morphologic criteria in diagnosing myocarditis are detailed. In fulminant
      cases, apart from the inflammatory infiltrate which often consists of chronic
      inflammatory cells, necrosis is found, frequently in the form of myocytolysis.
      Two groups of patients are analyzed. The first consisted of 214 cases who were
      clinically suspected of suffering from myocarditis. In 50% of these cases, the
      clinical suspicion was confirmed by morphologic examination of tissue obtained by
      endomyocardial biopsy. The other group of patients were suspected of having
      dilated cardiomyopathy and consisted of 1200 patients; in 300 of these patients,
      myocarditis was diagnosed morphologically by biopsy. Following sequential
      biopsies monitoring the response to treatment with corticosteroids and
      immunosuppressive agents, a classification into active, ongoing, resolving
      (healing), or resolved (healed) forms has been advanced. The different stages
      depend on the severity of the inflammatory infiltrate, the site of the
      inflammatory cells, the presence or absence of necrosis of adjacent myocardial
      fibers, and the degree of fibrosis. It has been emphasized that clear concepts
      and a uniform approach are essential in diagnosing myocarditis, not only to
      achieve precise diagnosis, accurately monitoring the response to therapy, but
      also in helping to establish the pathogenetic pathways for certain forms of
      cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3843575
TI  - The diagnostic criteria of myocarditis by endomyocardial biopsy.
AB  - The difficulties in diagnosing acute idiopathic myocarditis have been
      highlighted. Only about 30% of clinically suspected cases show morphologic
      evidence of an inflammatory infiltrate. Difficulties experienced in obtaining
      positive results include timing of the biopsy in relation to the acute symptoms
      of the patient, sampling error, and quantitative criteria. In addition, pressure
      from the referring physician may influence the pathologic interpretation, i.e.,
      in making a morphologic diagnosis on slender evidence. Caution is also necessary
      in the interpretation of end-stage disease of dilated cardiomyopathy and "chronic
      myocarditis." This is important as it influences therapy with immunosuppressive
      agents. The importance of obtaining a detailed history of drugs to which the
      patient might have been exposed and can result in myocarditis is also stressed.
      Only if an accurate and unbiased pathologic evaluation can be made will a
      prospective, randomized multicenter trial yield useful information. The Dallas
      Myocarditis Panel has set forth useful criteria and guidelines in an attempt to
      classify the morphologic diagnosis of myocarditis. Semantic and diagnostic
      criteria for myocarditis can still be challenged, but the Dallas criteria for
      evaluation does allow an accurate assessment by all pathologists, in spite of
      individual variation.

PMID- 3843576
TI  - Current problems in establishing quantitative histopathologic criteria for the
      diagnosis of lymphocytic myocarditis by endomyocardial biopsy.
AB  - Both the clinical and the biopsy diagnoses of myocarditis are prone to false
      positive and false-negative interpretations. False-positive clinical diagnoses
      probably most commonly result from a failure to recognize other disorders, such
      as cardiomyopathy and myocardial infarction, that may mimic myocarditis. False
      negative clinical diagnoses may occur in patients with myocarditis in whom the
      signs and symptoms are atypical, absent, or misinterpreted. The two most common
      errors made by pathologists that produce false-positive tissue diagnoses appear
      to be a failure to recognize the number of lymphocytes that occupy the normal
      myocardial interstitium and a misinterpretation of noninflammatory interstitial
      cells as lymphocytes. Sampling error may be the most usual cause of false
      negative tissue diagnoses. Since myocarditis is characterized by leukocytic and
      reparative responses, the most important features to evaluate in endomyocardial
      biopsy tissues are the type, distribution, and extent of the inflammatory
      infiltrate and the presence and extent of interstitial and endocardial fibrosis.
      Although no single histopathologic criterion is both sensitive and specific for
      myocarditis, it appears that quantitative evidence of an interstitial leukocytic
      infiltrate is currently the best available hallmark for myocarditis in biopsy
      specimens. It is suggested that a mean lymphocyte count greater than 5.0/high
      power (X 400) microscopic field be considered indicative of lymphocytic
      myocarditis and that a mean count less than this be interpreted as myocarditis
      only if discrete clusters of lymphocytes are identified, since differentiation of
      low-grade diffuse infiltrates from expected normal lymphocytic populations is
      problematic at levels less than 5.0.

PMID- 3843577
TI  - Research on cardiomyopathy in Japan.
AB  - Many experimental and clinical studies have been performed in Japan, since the
      Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy Research Committee sponsored by the Ministry of Health
      and Welfare of Japan was organized in 1974. Much interest has been focused on
      myocarditis as a possible pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy and extensive
      experimental studies have been performed as well as histopathologic assessment at
      autopsy or biopsy. In the clinical field, suspected cases of myocarditis are not
      uncommon, but determination of etiological viruses is quite difficult in most
      patients except at the acute stage. Therefore, endomyocardial biopsy has been
      recently introduced in more than 13 institutes in Japan in an effort to obtain
      more accurate diagnosis. In 1983, the Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy Research
      Committee performed a study on the prognosis of cardiomyopathy in 1255 patients
      (786 hypertrophic and 469 dilated). The prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy was
      poor, with a 5-year survival rate of only 54.3%. This figure contrasted with the
      better prognosis in those with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (92%).

PMID- 3843578
TI  - Histopathologic and ultrastructural observations of acute and convalescent
      myocarditis: a serial endomyocardial biopsy study.
AB  - Serial endomyocardial biopsy findings were analyzed in ten cases with acute
      myocarditis of possible viral origin. The histopathologic findings were analyzed
      at the acute (0-10 days after the onset), subacute (11-21 days), and convalescent
      stages (22-167 days). The incidence and severity of various cardiac myocyte and
      interstitial changes were compared at each stage of the disease. The time-course
      changes of the histopathologic findings in acute myocarditis were as follows. At
      the acute stage, we observed: interstitial cell infiltration composed of
      fibroblasts, macrophages, and lymphocytes, fragmentation of the muscle bundles,
      myocytolytic changes, swelling and scarcity of the cytoplasm and swelling of
      nuclei, variation in size of the myocytes, disarrangement of the muscle bundles,
      interstitial edema, increased glycogen deposition in the myocytes, abnormal
      branching of the myocytes, and interstitial fibrosis. At the convalescent stage,
      most of the above findings could still be seen except for myocytolytic changes,
      swelling of myocytes, and interstitial edema. At the subacute and convalescent
      stages, an increase in abnormal branching and in double nuclei in the myocytes
      and nuclear degeneration became observable. A further control study comparing the
      changes at the convalescent stage of myocarditis and the myocardial changes in
      cases with chronic right ventricular overload in 58 cases revealed that in the
      former fragmentation of the muscle bundles, abnormal branching, size variation,
      glycogen deposition, and large mononuclear cell infiltrations were significantly
      more frequent. Ultrastructural observation of the myocytes revealed that they
      have a great potentiality for regeneration; myocytes showing severe myocytolytic
      changes may recover to regain an architecture of almost normal appearance.

PMID- 3843579
TI  - A comparative ultrastructural study on the nature of interstitial cell
      constituents in idiopathic myocarditis and myocardial infarction.
AB  - In order to observe the characteristics of interstitial cellular proliferation in
      cases with myocarditis of possible viral origin, a systematic ultrastructural
      analysis of the cell components in the interstitium was made employing
      endomyocardial biopsy at the acute (0-10 days after onset), subacute (11-25
      days), and convalescent stages (26-167 days) of the disease in ten cases. For
      comparison, myocardial specimens from cases with myocardial infarction were taken
      from early autopsy cases or from tissue obtained during surgery. The dominant
      interstitial cells observed in the acute stage of myocarditis were fibroblasts
      (38.3% +/- 17.5%, mean +/- SD), macrophages (23.3% +/- 12.1%), and lymphocytes
      (18.0% +/- 18.1%); at the convalescent stage, fibrocytes (44.6% +/- 20.2%) and
      fibroblasts (22.5% +/- 8.0%) were commonly seen. In myocardial infarction, the
      dominant cells were macrophages (35.0% +/- 16.0%) and neutrophils (26.0% +/-
      13.9%) at the acute stage, and lymphocytes (30.0% +/- 17.8%), plasma cells (27.1%
      +/- 20.0%), and macrophages (26.4% +/- 11.4%) at the late stage. Thus, some
      differences between the two diseases could be recognized.

PMID- 3843580
TI  - A clinicopathologic study on a cause of idiopathic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia
      and conduction disturbance employing endomyocardial biopsy.
AB  - A comparative study of right ventricular histopathologic findings and clinical
      profiles in 174 cases with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 145 cases with
      dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and 241 cases with idiopathic arrhythmia and/or
      conduction disturbance with significant myocardial pathology [Electric
      disturbance type of cardiomyopathy (ECM)], totaling 560 cases, was made in order
      to clarify the role of viral myocarditis in these conditions. Postmyocarditis
      change (PMC) was defined by assessing serial biopsy findings in nine cases with
      acute myocarditis. The PMC was observed in three cases with HCM (1.7%), 22 with
      DCM (15%), and 21 with ECM (8.7%). The incidence of PMC was significantly higher
      in DCM and ECM than in HCM (P less than 0.001). The typical pattern of onset of
      acute myocarditis, i.e., high fever, upper respiratory infection, and
      gastrointestinal symptoms preceding cardiac symptoms within 10 days, was
      recognized in one case with HCM, eight with DCM, and 6 of 123 cases with ECM. The
      incidence was higher in DCM and ECM than in HCM (P less than 0.05). Of 46 cases
      with PMC, 12 (26%) showed this pattern, on the other hand only 3 of 377 cases
      (0.8%) without PMC did so (P less than 0.0001). Familial occurrence was not found
      in any of the 46 cases with PMC but was found in 38 of the 377 cases without PMC
      (P less than 0.01). This study indicates that viral myocarditis may often be the
      causative agent of idiopathic cardiomyopathy, especially DCM and ECM. It is also
      noticed that familial occurrence of the cases with PMC was never seen.

PMID- 3843581
TI  - Prognosis and treatment of cardiomyopathy and myocarditis.
AB  - Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heterogeneous group of disorders with a prognosis
      that is dependent upon the severity of presenting clinical and hemodynamic
      abnormalities. Although this condition is characterized by a high mortality,
      spontaneous improvement is noted in 25% of cases. Standard therapeutic modalities
      are nonspecific and consist of the therapy of congestive heart failure and
      ventricular arrhythmia. Recent studies suggest that beta blockade and cardiac
      transplantation may soon become accepted modalities in this condition. Acute
      viral myocarditis is a common disease that has a good prognosis, however
      occasionally progression to chronic myocardial disease has been identified. The
      therapy of acute viral myocarditis should be limited to symptomatic treatment,
      anti-coagulation, and bed rest. When chronic myocarditis is identified on
      endomyocardial biopsy in patients with heart failure of unknown cause, the
      treatment differs little from that of dilated cardiomyopathy with the exception
      that recognizing that efficacy has not been proven; immunosuppressive therapy may
      be added in life-threatening situations. Future studies will be directed at
      further clarification of the prognosis of each of these conditions with intensive
      evaluation of the role of beta blockade and immunosuppression.

PMID- 3843582
TI  - Hemodynamic and clinical effects of a new inotropic agent TA-064 in patients with
      refractory heart failure due to cardiomyopathy with special reference to dose
      response effects.
AB  - A new hydroxybenzyl alcohol derivative TA-064 exerts a positive inotropic action
      in experimental preparations. To assess the acute effects in man, we made a
      cardiac catheterization study of the hemodynamic responses to TA-064 (20 mg
      and/or 40 mg given orally) in eleven patients with refractory heart failure due
      to cardiomyopathy (nine patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and one with
      amyloidosis). All patients were already receiving full digitalis and diuretics
      therapy. The following statistically significant (P less than 0.05-0.01) effects
      were noted: Upon administration of 20 mg of the drug, the cardiac index (CI)
      increased from a mean +/- 1 SD of 1.6 +/- 0.4 to 2.1 +/- 0.6 l/min/m2; pulmonary
      capillary wedge pressure (PCW) fell from 25 +/- 5 to 21 +/- 5 mm Hg; right atrial
      pressure (RA) fell from 12 +/- 3 to 10 +/- 4 mm Hg. In contrast, when 40 mg TA
      064 were administered orally, the CI increased from 1.7 +/- 0.4 to 2.4 +/- 0.9
      l/min/m2; PCW fell from 25 +/- 8 to 20 +/- 6 mm Hg; pulmonary arterial mean
      pressure fell from 35 +/- 11 to 29 +/- 9 mm Hg. Neither systemic arterial mean
      pressure nor heart rate increased. No toxicity was observed. The plasma
      concentration of TA-064 increased dose-dependently and reached a peak value 0.5
      1.5 h after oral administration. Plasma catecholamine levels revealed no
      significant changes before and after use of the drug; therefore, the mechanism of
      action may not have been mediated by catecholamine.

PMID- 3843583
TI  - Long-term follow-up of patients with previous myocarditis using radionuclide
      ventriculography.
AB  - A prospective long-term follow-up study is reported of 18 of 19 patients who
      survived a bout of presumed myocarditis 6-136 months (average 54 months)
      previously. The study included 14 males and four females, ranging from 27 to 63
      years of age (mean, 44 years). Chest X-ray, ECG, echocardiogram, and resting and
      exercise radionuclide ventricular ejection fraction (RNVEF) for assessment of
      ventricular function were evaluated at follow-up. Resting and exercise RNVEF from
      seven control subjects were evaluated for comparison. Residual abnormalities were
      noted in chest X-ray (16%), echocardiogram (30%), and ECG (55%) in these
      predominantly asymptomatic patients (17/18 or 95%). The resting RNVEF (mean +/-
      SD) for the myocarditis group versus controls were 0.57 +/- 0.1 and 0.65 +/- 0.1
      (P = NS), respectively. The exercise RNVED for the myocarditis group versus
      controls were 0.56 +/- 0.1 and 0.74 +/- 0.05 (P less than 0.01), respectively.
      Abnormal resting RNVEF was noted in six (33%) and exercise RNVEF in 14 (77%)
      patients in the myocarditis group. Two patients with abnormal exercise RNVEF
      subsequently developed findings consistent with dilated cardiomyopathy. It is
      unclear as to whether the abnormal ventricular function may serve as a marker for
      future development of dilated cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3843584
TI  - Long follow-up study in patients with prior myocarditis by radionuclide methods.
AB  - Ten patients with previous myocarditis were evaluated to determine cardiac
      conditions by T1-201 myocardial perfusion imaging and stress radionuclide
      ventriculography during the follow-up of 18-102 (average 56) months; the results
      were compared with those from ten sex- and age-matched controls. Exercise
      capacity by supine bicycle ergometer was reduced in patients with myocarditis.
      Their resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 57.5% +/- 3.9%,
      similar to that of controls. LVEF response to stress in myocarditis was abnormal
      with an increment of end-systolic volume, while in the controls LVEF increased
      significantly during stress. Seven of the eight patients with an abnormal
      ejection fraction response had constant T1-201 perfusion defects. This study
      indicates that latent left ventricular dysfunction is present in patients with
      prior myocarditis and that nuclear study is useful for long-term follow-up.

PMID- 3843585
TI  - Peripartum heart disease.
AB  - Peripartum heart disease is reviewed in the light of reports in the literature
      and personal experience from the University College Hospital, Ibadan. It is
      concluded that it is worldwide in distribution but appears most commonly in
      multiparous black women with a low socioeconomic background. The clinical
      features are the same as those of dilated cardiomyopathy, with the exception of
      cases from Zaria, northern Nigeria, where heart failure may be induced by high
      salt and fluid intake. The possible causes of peripartum heart disease are
      reviewed. Glomerulonephritis, toxemia of pregnancy, and malnutrition have not
      been shown convincingly to be causal, and infection, hypertension, and alcoholism
      have been suggested. Hypertensive heart failure and toxemia of pregnancy can
      induce peripartum heart disease. It is concluded that the myocardial disorder in
      peripartum heart disease is probably the same condition as dilated
      cardiomyopathy, and that infection may be an important element. However, diverse
      other factors may also play a part.

PMID- 3843586
TI  - Clinical spectrum and endomyocardial biopsy findings in eosinophilic heart
      disease.
AB  - Fourteen cases of heart disease with hypereosinophilia were analyzed employing
      conventional cardiologic methods, including echocardiography, cardiac
      catheterization, and endomyocardial biopsy. The cases were divided into four
      types: Acute carditic (endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis; five cases);
      ventricular dilation (three cases); restrictive (three cases); electric
      disturbance (three cases). Biopsy revealed significant changes in all cases. In
      one case of the ventricular dilation type, endomyocardial fibrosis with
      myocardial degeneration was seen, and in another case mural thrombus formation
      was shown to be present. In three cases of the restrictive type, endomyocardial
      fibrosis (EMF) was observed. In two cases of the electric disturbance type, minor
      right ventricular myocardial degeneration was observed. In two of the three cases
      of the carditic type and in three of eight cases in other categories,
      postmyocarditic changes were observed. The course of the disease compared with
      the type of disorder revealed a short course in the carditic type and a longer
      course, ranging from 2 to 24 years, with one exception, in the other types. It is
      also confirmed that the various histopathologic changes can be related to
      particular clinical presentations. We have shown that the basic changes in
      eosinophilic heart disease are not restricted to the endomyocardium and that they
      occur in various parts of the heart causing more widespread manifestations. The
      more comprehensive term "eosinophilic heart disease" is a preferable description.

PMID- 3843588
TI  - Chlorpromazine-induced cardiomyopathy in rats.
AB  - We studied the chronic effects of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on the myocardium of rats
      using light and electron microscopy. Wistar strain rats were divided into two
      groups and given either normal saline or CPZ intraperitoneally at a dose of 5
      mg/kg body weight/day for 30 consecutive days. Myocardial degeneration, atrophic
      muscle fiber, and myocardial fibrosis were observed by light microscopy in all
      CPZ-treated rats. Ultrastructural alterations of the myocardium were also found
      in all CPZ-treated rats. They consisted of contracted myofibers, mitochondriosis,
      degenerated mitochondria, dilated sarcoplasmic reticulum, and increased collagen
      fibers. However, no abnormal histologic or ultrastructural changes were observed
      in the normal saline-treated rats. We therefore conclude that a chronic
      administration of a sedative dose of CPZ causes myocardial damage in rats.

PMID- 3843587
TI  - Kawasaki disease.
AB  - Kawasaki disease, a pathologic syndrome known to occur in children, was first
      described in 1967 as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome by Kawasaki. The disease
      occurs chiefly in infants under 4 years of age, presenting with symptoms similar
      to scarlet fever or Stevens-Johnson syndrome. The changes are found at postmortem
      and consist of multiple aneurysms and thrombosis, which occur predominantly in
      the coronary arteries and are responsible for sudden death in most cases.
      Kawasaki disease is a systemic, acute inflammatory disease entity and in the
      early stages shows diffuse, necrotizing necrosis. Vasculitis affects primarily
      the arterioles, venules, and capillaries. Once aneurysmal dilatation has taken
      place, the wall of the coronary aneurysm becomes thin and the basic structures
      are destroyed by infiltration of inflammatory cells, which is followed by scar
      formation within 1 month from the onset of the disease. Coronary arterial lesions
      are nowadays responsible for the increase of myocardial infarction among the
      patients. Causes of sudden death include acute ischemia from obstruction or
      narrowing of the main coronary artery due to thrombosis, thickening of the
      vascular walls, myocarditis, rupture, and involvement of the conduction system by
      inflammatory infiltrates, resulting in complete atrioventricular block.

PMID- 3843589
TI  - Cardiomyopathy and vitamin E deficiency in zoo animals and birds.
AB  - Cardiomyopathy associated with vitamin E deficiency was diagnosed in more than
      100 ruminants and primates and in 106 embryos and newly hatched chicks and
      ducklings. Affected bird embryos failed to pip the eggshell and died inside.
      Newly hatched chicks and ducklings and neonatal ruminants were weak, had
      difficulty standing or rising, and died within a few days. Death usually occurred
      without premonitory signs of disease in juvenile and adult animals. On gross
      examination, the hearts of the neonatal ruminants had areas of mottled, pinkish
      tan myocardium. The hearts of the embryos and newly hatched birds were edematous,
      pinkish, and pale. In the juvenile ruminants, irregular, whitish patches or pale
      areas were seen in the myocardium. Histologically, there was multifocal
      myocytolysis in the myocardium of the neonatal and juvenile ruminants and embryos
      and newly hatched birds. Focal disseminated or diffuse myocardial fibrosis and
      myocytolysis were observed in the hearts of the adult animals. Plasma alpha
      tocopherol values were low enough in all species to be considered deficient.
      These values increased significantly after the addition of alpha tocopherol
      and/or vitamin E to the diets of the animals. Cardiomyopathy has not been
      diagnosed in any of the same groups of animals since supplementation was
      initiated.

PMID- 3843590
TI  - Cardiac lesions of selenium-vitamin E deficiency in animals.
AB  - Necrosis of myocardium and skeletal muscle is a consistent finding in the
      numerous animal species in which spontaneous or experimental selenium-vitamin E
      (Se-E) deficiency has been described. Etiologic factors in the development of
      these lesions include: low dietary levels of Se, vitamin E, and sulfur-containing
      amino acids; high dietary concentrations of polyunsaturated fats; exposure to
      prooxidant conditions (toxicity by O2, O3, Fe, doxorubicin, and radiation
      injury); and intake of Se antagonists (Ag, Cu, Co, Cd, Te, Sb, and Zn).
      Myocardial lesions in Se-E deficient animals are most frequently seen in calves,
      lambs, turkey poults, and ducklings. In calves and lambs with cardiac lesions,
      the clinical finding usually is sudden death after vigorous exercise. At
      necropsy, affected calves have areas of necrosis and calcification in the left
      ventricular free wall and ventricular septum, while in lambs these lesions are
      seen in the right ventricular subendocardium. Histologically, areas of myocardial
      damage have hyaline necrosis with or without calcification, subsequent
      macrophagic invasion, and eventual fibrosis. In growing pigs, the hearts may have
      scattered pale streaks in the ventricular myocardium, but the most striking
      alterations are widespread epicardial and myocardial hemorrhages ("mulberry
      heart"). Histologically, both vascular and myocyte lesions are present. Vascular
      changes include fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries and arterioles and fibrin
      microthrombi in capillaries. The myocyte lesions in pigs and in birds consist of
      multifocal hyaline necrosis with calcification, followed by macrophagic invasion
      and fibrosis. Ultrastructural study of these lesions reveals myocyte alterations,
      which include mitochondrial swelling and mineralization, myofibrillar lysis, and
      necrosis with contraction bands.

PMID- 3843591
TI  - Factors discriminating survivors and nonsurvivors in alcoholic heart disease.
AB  - Eighteen patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and a history of excessive ethanol
      intake were monitored for 3-98 months (mean 23 months). Six patients died (mean
      age 43.7 +/- 9.2 years) and 12 patients survived (mean age 48.8 +/- 9.5 years).
      Of the echocardiographic findings taken during heart failure, only the relative
      wall thickness to the internal dimension of the left ventricle (t/r ratio)
      differed significantly (survivors 0.33 +/- 0.77 vs. nonsurvivors 0.25 +/- 0.04, P
      less than 0.05). Of the hemodynamic data obtained after treatment of heart
      failure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure differed significantly
      (survivors 6 +/- 2 vs. nonsurvivors 12 +/- 4 mmHg, P less than 0.001). The two
      groups could not be differentiated by ejection fraction, cardiac output, end
      diastolic or end-systolic volumes, or semi-quantitative analysis of histologic
      findings obtained by right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy (light microscopy).
      Only two of six nonsurvivors (33%) succeeded in abstaining from alcohol, while
      eight of twelve survivors (67%) became teetotalers (P less than 0.05). Total
      abstinence from alcohol seems to be essential but was not necessarily followed by
      recovery in the most severe cases. Thus, the absence of adequate hypertrophy and
      high left ventricular filling pressure may predict the prognosis in alcoholic
      heart disease.

PMID- 3843592
TI  - Recent trends in cardiac sarcoidosis research in Japan.
AB  - Our recent survey of the Japanese literature, actual case experience, and
      previous studies revealed the following results. Fifty-three cases were reported
      in which the main cause of death in sarcoidosis was congestive heart failure (11
      of 17 cases, 64.7%) and not sudden death as was previously believed. ECG analysis
      revealed that third degree AV block, bundle branch block, and ventricular
      arrhythmias were the most frequent findings indicating the presence of cardiac
      sarcoidosis. It was recognized that in the Japanese population fatal myocardial
      sarcoidosis or clinical diagnosed cardiac sarcoidosis occurred most frequently in
      females over the age of 40 years. It is suggested that myocardial changes
      progress independently of granulomatous changes. This is due to the detection of
      a high incidence of basal lamina layering of myocardial capillaries (14 of 18
      cases, 77.8%) and is considered to play a significant role in the progression of
      this disease. Radionuclide studies showed that thallium scintigraphy or
      technetium ventriculography were positive in those cases where ECG abnormalities
      are prominent, indicating the presence of myocardial disease. Previous
      therapeutic studies of cardiac sarcoidosis have shown a decrease in the incidence
      of sudden death; death due to congestive heart failure occurred more frequently
      despite pacemaker implantation. Control of congestive heart failure is thus
      regarded as the most important aspect of improved treatment and prognosis.

PMID- 3843593
TI  - Noninvasive tissue characterization of myocardium by topical 1H-and 31P-nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - Because of its nondestructive nature, topical nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy (TMR) was employed for the noninvasive evaluation of congenital
      cardiomyopathy (CM) in Syrian hamsters (BIO 14.6 strain). In a preliminary study,
      the size and pulse duration of the surface coil was determined to ensure that the
      detecting field covered the animal heart. The phosphate metabolite signals of the
      heart were distinguished from those of organs near the heart. At the cardiac
      apex, spectroscopically obtained constituent ratios of lipid/water by 1H-TMR and
      creatine phosphate/ATP by 31P-TMR were less in hamsters with CM than in the age
      matched normal control animals, which was in accordance with biochemical analyses
      performed after killing the animals.

PMID- 3843594
TI  - Endomyocardial biopsy study of cardiomyopathy in Poland.
AB  - The results of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) are presented in 174 patients.
      Techniques and apparatus are described. EMB is safe and useful for diagnosing
      inflammatory myocarditis and as a guide to therapy. Unsuspected lymphocytic
      myocarditis was found in 17% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The results
      confirm that the EMB findings in dilated cardiomyopathy are nonspecific and that
      restrictive cardiomyopathy is not confined to hypereosinophilic states and
      amyloid heart disease.

PMID- 3843595
TI  - Current status of myocarditis and endomyocardial biopsy in Brazil.
AB  - The results presented here show the inadequate attention that has been paid to
      myocarditis as a clinical entity and to employing endomyocardial biopsy
      examination as a valuable tool for diagnostic and research purposes. The results
      must be interpreted with caution, as otherwise false conclusions may be drawn as
      far as the epidemiological profile of cardiovascular diseases in Brazil is
      concerned. The data are likely to be influenced by the striking regional
      differences in development which are reflected in the scientific output. The high
      incidence of positive serology in patients in endemic areas of Trypanosoma cruzi
      infection is a further complication. It is possible that Chagas' disease may be
      overestimated clinically, decreasing therefore the interest in clarifying
      diseases with comparable clinical features. Myocarditis (excluding a protozoal
      etiology) and dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy may serve as examples.
      Considering these various points, together with the complex and multi
      disciplinary requirements of obtaining and interpreting catheter biopsies of the
      heart explains the limited clinical application of this technique in Brazil.

PMID- 3843596
TI  - Cardiovascular diseases due to viruses.
AB  - In acute myocardiopathy and pericardiopathy, Coxsackie virus B infections are
      increasingly recognized as a cause of primary myocardial disease and may cause
      chronic cardiovascular disease. With other viruses, such as cytomegaloviruses and
      rubella virus, transplacental infection during pregnancy may occur, and this can
      cause the congenital rubella syndrome, which involves heart abnormalities. Other
      viruses are now under study. Myocarditis was observed in a newborn infant
      infected with Coxsackie virus B3, which was isolated by tissue culture methods.
      Experimental infection of Coxsackie virus A and B was studied in suckling mice
      and the histopathologic changes in heart muscle were observed. Laboratory
      findings of viral infection are very useful for clinical diagnosis, however care
      needs to be taken with respect to the obtaining of specimens, diagnostic
      procedures, and the assessment of results.

PMID- 3843598
TI  - Psychoanalysis: is the therapy destroying the science?

PMID- 3843597
TI  - Clinical aspects of myocarditis.
AB  - The diagnosis of myocarditis is discussed with reference to endomyocardial biopsy
      and the possible relation of dilated cardiomyopathy to myocarditis is explored.
      The various degrees of immune damage to the myocardium produced by myocarditis
      are reviewed, and evidence for altered immunity in dilated cardiomyopathy is
      assessed. The rationale for immunosuppressive therapy is surveyed. Both clinical
      and experimental data suggest that viral myocarditis is biphasic. The initial
      phase is infective with myocytolysis, lymphocytic infiltration, and a humoral
      immune response. The second phase is associated with a persistent antigen
      antibody reaction between the virus and the myocardium. Myocarditis may be acute
      with lymphocytic infiltration and myocytolysis; persistent active, with
      continuing changes including widening of the interstitium and fibrosis; healing,
      with persistent inflammatory cell exudate but no myocyte necrosis; and healed,
      with the absence of necrosis and of inflammatory cell infiltrates but widening of
      the interstitium and fibrosis. This state is indistinguishable from dilated
      cardiomyopathy. The selection of patients for treatment and the regimens of
      treatment are discussed. Acute myocarditis or persistent active myocarditis are
      indications for therapy with steroids and the immunosuppressive agent
      azathioprine. Benefit is unlikely when myocarditis is healed. Lymphocytic
      inflammatory cell infiltration alone is not sufficient indication for such
      therapy, because such infiltration may be found in dilated cardiomyopathy and
      also in toxic myocarditis due to drugs. Results of immunosuppressive therapy for
      acute and active myocarditis are encouraging, but a prospective randomized study
      is needed.

PMID- 3843599
TI  - Toward a definition of psychoanalytic neutrality.
AB  - The word and concept of neutrality play an important but confusing role in the
      history of psychoanalysis. Does neutrality imply indifference? The origin of this
      ambiguity is traced to the fact that Freud himself never used the word
      "neutrality" (Neutralitaet) in his own writings. (His term Indifferenz was
      translated as "neutrality" by Strachey.) The essence of the controversy that has
      simmered in the psychoanalytic literature ever since is contained in the
      question: "Is remaining true to the concept of neutrality somehow antithetical to
      the analyst's genuine involvement with the patient?" In this paper, I examine the
      feeling and power aspects of the word and suggest that the concept of neutrality
      becomes clinically useful when the analyst asks himself the question, "Neutral to
      what?" The analyst's awareness of his motives for recognizing and addressing
      certain conflicts and for overlooking others is heightened. With three clinical
      vignettes as illustrations, I explore the role of the concept of neutrality in
      deepening our understanding of (1) the analytic relationship; (2) The influence,
      on the conduct of the treatment, of the analyst's goals and theoretical
      persuasion regarding how the goals are to be achieved. As examples, I use the
      current debates over the relative value of the analyst's focusing his attention
      on: (a) the patient's mind in the hour rather than his life outside the hour and,
      (b) transference over nontransference interpretation. Finally, I emphasize the
      far-reaching implications of adding an explicit concept of "external reality" to
      A. Freud's exclusively intrapsychic definition of the "objective" analyst's
      position of neutrality as equidistant from id, ego, and superego. The addition of
      this fourth point to the analyst's "compass" widens the analytic field toward
      which the analyst is neutral. The concept of neutrality with respect to
      specifiable conflicts is thereby also broadened to include (a) interpersonal
      conflict within the psychoanalytic relationship and (b) conflict within the
      analyst. With these explicit additions, the concept of neutrality with respect to
      conflict becomes congruent with the current emphasis on the nonauthoritarian two
      persons aspects of the psychoanalytic relationship, without detracting from the
      primary analytic goal of deeper understanding of intrapsychic conflict.

PMID- 3843600
TI  - The common mirror dream, dreamer, and the dream mirror.
AB  - From the widely diverse category of so-called mirror dreams, we have
      differentiated the most frequent, which we have designated the common mirror
      dream (CMD). It is one in which the dreamer at some point looks into a mirror and
      reports seeing himself, a part of himself or a distorted though recognizable
      version of himself. Mirror dreams, including CMDs, are distinctly uncommon. Every
      dreamer of CMDs in our series had felt enjoined by the mother (in most cases with
      the father's collusion) not to see and regard her clearly and not to be an
      accurately reflecting mirror for her. The intensity with which the maternal
      injunction against accurate visual perception and evaluation was feared was an
      important distinguishing feature in our patients with CMDs. The essence of the
      CMD has been hypothesized to be a reciprocal, reverberating, visual
      exhibitionistic dyad representative of the mother-child relationship. The dream
      mirror may represent the wish that the analyst-mother counter a feared parental
      injunction against accurate visual perception and evaluation so as to correct the
      distorted perceptions of self and objects and provide visual affirmation of the
      value and integrity of the self-representation. For some patients, defense
      against the dangers of castration and loss of maternal love was accomplished by
      the mirror mechanisms of magically transforming images in the mirror, the ease of
      creating illusion in the mirror, and a fetishistic mechanism of visually
      reintrojecting a phallic symbol from the mirror. Our data failed to confirm many
      of the hypotheses of previous contributors as to specific symbolic meanings of
      the dream mirror. More relevant than the symbolism of the dream mirror are the
      many functions of the dream mirror for the dreamer. These are analyzed and
      discussed.

PMID- 3843601
TI  - Oedipal and preoedipal phenomena: some thoughts on their interrelation as
      manifest in adult analytic reconstructions.

PMID- 3843602
TI  - Determinants of object choice in adulthood: a test case of object-relations
      theory.
AB  - A clinical example of the effects of the absence of the father during the early
      childhood of a male analysand and its consequences for his later object choice is
      presented. This patient's biological father left the household when the patient
      was only a few months old, and his mother did not remarry until he was five years
      of age. Unconscious fantasies of the lost father, with whom the patient had no
      contact in reality, and longing for him organized the patient's drives and
      determined his self-identity as well as his later object choice. The patient
      developed both a positive and negative identification with the lost father. The
      identification was with a fantasy object not a real one. The case highlights the
      need to use a precise term in talking of the object, namely the mental
      representation of the object which may or may not be built up out of experiences
      with the real object.

PMID- 3843603
TI  - Identity formation as reflected in the acquisition of person pronouns.
AB  - Psychoanalytic theory on identity formation during rapprochement is enriched by
      considering psycholinguistic findings on person-pronoun acquisition. Pronouns
      such as I and you have often been employed by psychoanalysts as behavioral
      markers of the intrapsychic concepts of self and other and used to make
      inferences about the representation of these concepts in children as young as 18
      months. Psycholinguistic research, however, reveals two sets of facts which such
      inferences overlook. First, knowledge of person pronouns, as of other words, is a
      developmental phenomenon. In children under 22-24 months, prior to the resolution
      of the rapprochement crisis, pronoun usage is stereotypic and wedded to context.
      Testing in diverse situations shows that this child has no consistent
      interpretation of these words. Second, and more important, when children acquire
      mature understanding of these words at the close of that rapproachement subphase,
      the knowledge reflected is somewhat different than psychoanalysts have held.
      Psycholinguistics shows that the meanings children express through person
      pronouns involve concepts of conversational role where first person indicates
      speaker, second person, person addressed, and third person, other (third)
      parties. It is argued that the psycholinguistic and psychoanalytic views on
      person-pronoun acquisition can be reconciled in the view that this developmental
      milestone is one of coordinating the expression of concepts of self and other
      with concepts of conversational roles. For psychoanalysts, then, person pronoun
      acquisition becomes a signal not only of the child's appreciation of the
      separateness of self and other, but also of their interrelatedness through the
      participation of self and other in conversational roles. The cognitive
      representation of these roles can be considered to function as an early ego
      identification, facilitating children's progress from the dyad to the larger
      social milieu.

PMID- 3843604
TI  - Superego formation, adolescent transformation, and the adult neurosis.
AB  - The superego is heir to the Oedipus complex but has a much larger developmental
      legacy which includes preoedipal precursors and the influence of latency and
      adolescence. The superego continues to change in function and content throughout
      life, and radical transformation in adolescence may result in developmental
      discontinuity as well as core developmental continuity. A case is discussed in
      which adolescence was overlooked in previous analysis and in which adolescent
      superego modification had a major impact on the patient's character and his adult
      neurosis. The developmental significance of adolescence experienced under
      conditions of social isolation and rejection with forebodings of the Holocaust
      was unrecognized in sanctioned silence and shared analytic denial. These repeated
      earlier experiences of silent submission and stifled protest, and the silent
      suffering of the patient and his family, were an integral part of his humiliating
      and emasculating adolescent experiences. The intimidated adolescent, threatened
      from within and without, identified with the aggressor as well as with the
      victim. Identification with the aggressor and glorified victor contributed to a
      final adolescent structuralization of a punitive, sadistic superego and a rigidly
      perfectionistic ego ideal. As an adult, he tended to passive masochistic
      compliance with diminished self-esteem and unconscious self-denigration. He was
      prone to shame and guilt, self-criticism, and hidden hypercritical attitudes
      toward others. The adolescent internalization of aggression, intense castration
      anxiety, and pervasive narcissistic mortification led to retreat from resolution
      of revived oedipal conflict and to concomitant detrimental superego alteration.
      These issues were of major importance for analytic understanding and therapeutic
      progress.

PMID- 3843605
TI  - Imposture, inauthenticity, and feeling fraudulent.
AB  - This paper deals with imposturous tendencies as ubiquitous and heterogeneous.
      They may enter into neurotic conflict and compromise, and also reflect an ego
      function disturbance involving multiple, shifting identities and subsequent
      problems in the subjective sense of reality of the self and objects. Imposture in
      a person undergoing analysis is, however, not only a function of individual
      character and psychopathology; it is also a function of certain inevitable
      requirements of the analytic situation which constitute a "pull" for its
      emergence. Vulnerable individuals will respond to this pull in revealing ways.
      Three case summaries illustrate the spectrum of imposturous tendencies.

PMID- 3843607
TI  - Response to Melvin Sabshin's commentary on psychoanalysis and psychiatry.

PMID- 3843606
TI  - Insurance.

PMID- 3843608
TI  - Thoughts on meeting in Germany.

PMID- 3843609
TI  - Cognitive aspects of splitting and libidinal object constancy: a reconsideration
      and reappraisal.

PMID- 3843610
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a completely noninvasive technique for the
      evaluation of the cardiovascular system. With a multi-section technique and the
      spin echo pulse sequence the entire heart can be examined within six to ten
      minutes. All our cardiac MR studies were performed with electrocardiographic
      (ECG) gating, to obtain adequate resolution of the cardiac structures. With this
      technique, patients and animals with a variety of cardiac abnormalities were
      studied. The examined pathologic conditions included acute and chronic myocardial
      infarctions and their complications, hypertrophic and congestive
      cardiomyopathies, congenital heart diseases and pericardial diseases. MRI offers
      an enormous potential for cardiovascular diagnosis, even beyond the demonstration
      of pathoanatomy, because of the capability for direct tissue characterization and
      blood flow measurements.

PMID- 3843612
TI  - The role of organ transplantation in modern medicine.

PMID- 3843611
TI  - Management of a malfunctioning left ventricle in an artificial heart.
AB  - Artificial heart research is carried out in the United States, Europe, Japan,
      Argentina and the Soviet Union, and prolonged survival has been achieved in
      animals, which has increased the interest of the media and public in this field.
      Although recent advances are promising, device malfunction remains an obstacle to
      overcome in most laboratories. Relying on noninvasive monitoring techniques we
      were able to diagnose and correct artificial heart malfunction safely using
      surgical techniques employed during the heart implantation.

PMID- 3843613
TI  - Left heart bypass without thoracotomy.
AB  - An effective, simple and rapidly installed temporary mechanical assistance to the
      heart is needed. It should be capable of sustaining adequate circulation for
      several weeks. Patients with extensive myocardial infarctions, complicated by
      cardiogenic shock, or in end-stage heart failure, and who are candidates for
      heart replacement by transplantation or by a mechanical device, would benefit
      from such circulatory assistance. A mediastinal route was developed in human
      cadavers and in dogs institute left heart bypass without thoracotomy. Anatomical
      studies demonstrated the accessibility of the left atrium via the anterior
      mediastinum. A silastic cannula was made that can be inserted, with the help of a
      stylet, in the left atrium, via a mediastinoscopy. Two balloons attached to the
      cannula secure it onto the atrial wall and prevent hemorrhage. The cannula is
      connected to an extracorporeal circuit that is able to pump up to 90% of the
      cardiac output back into a femoral artery. The insertion of the atrial cannula
      proved to be simple, and the system very effective.

PMID- 3843614
TI  - A totally implantable electrical heart.
AB  - A totally implantable artificial heart, electrically actuated by magnetical
      energy transmission was developed in Switzerland. The pusher-plates and roller
      screw model was used for the pump. The main advantages of such a mechanical heart
      are discussed, in particular, the motor that transforms electrical energy into
      mechanical energy, and allows accurate control of the output and pressures of the
      artificial ventricles. The system includes the heart, the electronic control of
      the power supply, the microprocessor for the control of the mechanical heart's
      performance, a buffer battery, a rectifier and the secondary of the energy
      transmission. All these elements are implanted. Outside of the body are the main
      battery, the chopper and the primary of the energy transmission. At present, a
      left ventricle device for external assistance and a totally artificial heart have
      both been developed and implanted in calves. An optimized totally artificial
      heart is in construction, its size being compatible for human implantation; its
      volume is 500 mL and its total weight is 450 g.

PMID- 3843615
TI  - Is the skull view necessary in routine gamma camera bone scanning?
AB  - Bone scans were reviewed in 478 patients, 237 with carcinoma of the breast, 47
      with carcinoma of the lung, 43 with carcinoma of the prostate, 56 with other
      malignancies and 95 in whom scans were performed for basic screening purposes. In
      only 11 of the scans reviewed were abnormalities of the skull alone observed and
      in only one of the 11 scans was the finding of an abnormality thought to be
      clinically useful. This study suggests that in patients with known malignant
      disease, the skull view adds little useful information. However, when performing
      bone scans for screening purposes, the skull view may well give helpful
      information.

PMID- 3843616
TI  - Synthesis and evaluation of p-iodo-phentermine (IP) as a brain perfusion imaging
      agent.
AB  - p-(123I and 131I)iodo alpha,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine (p-iodophentermine, IP)
      as the alpha-methylated analogue of iodoamphetamine has been prepared. It is
      hoped that this methyl substitution will increase the lipophilicity of the agent,
      enhance resistance to metabolism by monoamine oxidase, and will result in
      increased initial uptake and slower washout from the brain as compared to N
      isopropyl-p-(123I)iodoamphetamine. IP was prepared by diazotization of p
      aminophentermine followed by decomposition of the diazonium salt with KI.
      Radioiodinated IP was prepared either by the solid-phase isotopic exchange
      reaction or by decomposition of the piperidinotriazene derivative with a
      radiochemical yield of 40-60%. Biodistribution of 131I-IP in rats showed brain
      uptake in the range of 1.7% dose g-1 at 5, 30 and 60 min. Imaging studies with
      123I-IP in dogs showed high brain extraction and slow washout of activity.

PMID- 3843617
TI  - To whose advantage is the needle brain biopsy?

PMID- 3843618
TI  - Etiology of ventriculomegaly in choroid plexus papilloma.
AB  - In order to test the hypothesis that overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid can
      cause the hydrocephalus seen in choroid plexus papillomas, adult mongrel dogs
      with and without hydrocephalus were subjected to high pressure intraventricular
      infusions of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Pre- and postinfusion volumes
      were calculated, using a new method for on-line measurement of ventricular volume
      involving linear measurements from Conray ventriculograms. Ventricular volumes
      increased an average of 8% in 36 h. The dogs previously made hydrocephalic by the
      intracisternal injection of kaolin had a significant volume increase (34% in 36
      h). Overproduction of CSF alone can produce hydrocephalus, but the presence of
      hydrocephalus in choroid plexus papillomas is more likely to be a result of the
      complex interaction of CSF overproduction and partial restriction of CSF flow.

PMID- 3843619
TI  - Pituitary adenomas in pediatric patients: are they more invasive?
AB  - Twenty patients with biopsy proven pituitary adenomas that became symptomatic
      prior to the age of 20 years are reviewed. Based on age, the patients are divided
      into prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal groups. An increased incidence of
      invasiveness was observed in those patients with onset of symptoms during the
      pubertal years compared to patients whose symptoms first occurred during the
      postpubertal years. Other series of pediatric pituitary adenomas in the English
      literature are reviewed, and ostensibly disparate conclusions are examined.

PMID- 3843620
TI  - Ectopic secreting choroid plexus in the oropharynx.
AB  - The authors report a case of an ectopic secreting choroid plexus in the
      oropharyngeal region of a neonate. The lesion presented as a rapidly growing
      tumor, containing CSF. No communication with the cranial cavity could be found.
      Following two surgical interventions the lesion was entirely removed and
      pathological examination revealed choroid plexus.

PMID- 3843621
TI  - Magnetic resonance evaluation of pediatric spinal dysraphism.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) scans of 22 children with spinal dysraphism were
      reviewed. MR scans of the cervicothoracic spine in 12 cases revealed 10 Chiari II
      malformations, 1 Chiari III malformations, and 4 syringohydromyelias. Twelve MR
      scans of the lumbosacral region were performed demonstrating 11 tethered cords, 6
      myelomeningoceles, 4 lipomyeloschises, 2 diastematomyelias, 2
      syringohydromyelias, and 2 dermal sinus tracts. MR is effective in defining the
      relationship of the cerebellar tonsils and brainstem to the upper cervical spinal
      canal and in evaluating the extent of syringohydromyelia and the degree of cord
      expansion. The ability to image the spinal cord and associated paraspinal lesions
      directly in the sagittal and coronal planes with excellent tissue
      characterization allows MR to accurately diagnose and define the myriad
      abnormalities associated with pediatric dysraphism.

PMID- 3843622
TI  - Long-term intellectual prognosis of hydrocephalus with reference to 77 children.
AB  - The long-term intellectual prognosis of nontumoral hydrocephalus is described:
      75% of the population have a full intellectual quotient greater than 70. But
      often, there is a heterogeneous pattern of the intellectual quotient with a great
      difference between verbal and performance results because of poor visuospatial
      skills. Disabilities of syntactical comprehension of language are also
      encountered. Sex, age, delay before shunting and frequency of shunt complications
      are not related to intelligence level or pattern. Meningitis and toxoplasmosis
      often result in a poor intelligence level, but other etiologies do not influence
      intelligence level or pattern. Visuospatial deficits, attention disorders and
      language disabilities are independent of the degree of hydrocephalus but are
      especially encountered when ventricular dilatation persists in spite of the
      operation.

PMID- 3843623
TI  - Cerebral perfusion pressure in the high-risk premature infant.
AB  - Continuous monitoring of the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and arterial blood
      gases was performed in 13 high-risk preterm infants. CPPs were monitored with a
      Ladd fiberoptic transducer. Blood gases were measured via umbilical artery lines.
      Monitoring was performed within 12 h following birth and continued for 48-72 h.
      The mean gestational age (+/- SD) was 30.6 +/- 3.1 weeks with a mean weight (+/-
      SD) of 1,326 +/- 511 g. Initial mean CPP (+/- SD) was 37.3 +/- 8.9 mm Hg with a
      mean initial intracranial pressure (ICP) of 2.7 +/- 1.8 mm Hg. During the trial
      period, a sustained CPP below 25 mm Hg for over 2 h was indicative of a poor
      neurological outcome. A sustained ICP over 7 mm Hg was indicative of intracranial
      hypertension, but occurred in relation to nursing events such as suctioning or
      positioning of the patient's head. Seven infants demonstrated significant linear
      relationships between CPP or ICP and levels of arterial pCO2 or pH. The mean
      Apgar scores were significantly higher for this group, but the presence of this
      relationship did not indicate a better neurological outcome.

PMID- 3843624
TI  - Childhood form of adrenoleukodystrophy in the sucking infant.
AB  - The childhood form of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) in a sucking infant was
      discovered before the appearance of clinical symptoms. C24:0/C22:0 and
      C26:0/C22:0 ratios in umbilical cord plasma were significantly higher so that
      very long-chain saturated fatty acid-restricted milk was given. Ultrastructural
      study on biopsied rectal mucosa revealed rectilinear and/or curved electron
      lucent clefts in the histiocytes at 3 months of age, which were also recognized
      in the elder brother and another boy with symptoms of ALD. However, magnetic
      resonance imaging and T1 and T2 values were within the normal range in cerebral
      gray matter, cerebral white matter, caudate nucleus, internal capsule, and
      thalamus.

PMID- 3843625
TI  - Brain calcification in Kallman's syndrome. Computed tomographic appearance.
AB  - We report a 21-year-old white male with Kallman's syndrome (gonadotropic
      hypogonadism, hyposmia and sensorineural hearing loss) with extensive brain
      calcification, demonstrated for the first time by computed tomography. The
      pattern and anatomic distribution of the extensive brain calcification is
      nonspecific, being indistinguishable from those seen in other causes of brain
      calcification (principally diseases related to a disturbance in calcium
      metabolism), despite the normal serum calcium levels found in this patient. This
      syndrome, therefore, should be considered along with Cockayne's, Kearns-Sayre and
      Down's syndromes, tuberous sclerosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency,
      congenital mental deficiency and idiopathic familial basal ganglia calcification
      as another developmental cause of brain calcification, which usually show no
      disturbance in serum calcium level.

PMID- 3843626
TI  - Psychomotor retardation and macrocephaly in an infant.

PMID- 3843627
TI  - Analysis of recurrences in the primary tumor site in relation to the histologic
      involvement of the regional lymph nodes in patients with carcinoma of the head
      and neck.

PMID- 3843628
TI  - The treatment of soft tissue sarcomas in adults.

PMID- 3843629
TI  - Role of CT in staging prostate tumors.

PMID- 3843630
TI  - The efficacy of X-ray pelvimetry.

PMID- 3843631
TI  - Urography in children with renal failure using different contrast media.

PMID- 3843632
TI  - Effects of contrast media on rheological parameters. In vitro study.

PMID- 3843633
TI  - Computed tomographic findings and clinicopathologic features of intramuscular
      lipoma.

PMID- 3843634
TI  - Diverticula of the right colon: clinical and radiological considerations.

PMID- 3843636
TI  - The use of iopamidol, a non-ionic contrast medium, in retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography: a comparative evaluation.

PMID- 3843635
TI  - Renal pseudotumors caused by retained pararenal surgical sponges.

PMID- 3843637
TI  - Acroosteolysis: early marker of skeletal damage in patients with chronic renal
      insufficiency.

PMID- 3843638
TI  - Renal artery visualization during urography executed with rapid intravenous
      injection of high doses of contrast medium.

PMID- 3843639
TI  - The role of computed tomography in defining the target volume for the integrated
      therapy of orbital epitheliomas.

PMID- 3843640
TI  - Blood kinetics of a low dose of iodoxamate.

PMID- 3843641
TI  - Thoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis as an unusual evolution of
      sicklebetathalassemia. Presentation of a case and etio-pathogenetic
      considerations.

PMID- 3843642
TI  - Renal infarction secondary to selective arteriography.

PMID- 3843643
TI  - Comparative evaluation of radiology and scintigraphy in the diagnosis and staging
      of myelomatous skeletal lesions.

PMID- 3843644
TI  - Evaluation of a new adrenomedullary imaging agent: 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine
      (131I-MIBG). I: Experimental studies on animals.

PMID- 3843645
TI  - Sarcomas of the soft tissues and bones induced by radiotherapy; a report of 10
      cases.

PMID- 3843646
TI  - A contribution to the radiological study of gastric erosions using the biphasic
      technique.

PMID- 3843647
TI  - Metastatic spread of malignant pleural mesothelioma.

PMID- 3843648
TI  - The CT appearance of two-level fractures of the posterior vertebral apophysis. A
      case report.

PMID- 3843649
TI  - Biphasic examination of the stomach by a standard technique.

PMID- 3843650
TI  - Bronchocolic fistula in a splenectomized thalassemic boy.

PMID- 3843651
TI  - Upper limb-cardiovascular syndrome with ulna aplasia.

PMID- 3843652
TI  - Study of the patellofemoral joint in orthostatism: preliminary considerations on
      technique.

PMID- 3843653
TI  - Bone mineral content assessment by photon absorptiometry in a normal population.

PMID- 3843654
TI  - Crohn's granulomatous colitis: early diagnosis and radiological staging.

PMID- 3843655
TI  - Computerised management of the radio-diagnostic ward: considerations on our three
      years experience.

PMID- 3843656
TI  - The correct collocation of the "TH3" class in prognostic meaning in breast
      cancer.

PMID- 3843657
TI  - The value of thermography and lymphography in the diagnosis and follow-up of
      Kaposi's disease.

PMID- 3843658
TI  - The degree of time asymmetry: on a new parameter of biological matter for
      estimation by radioisotope techniques and use in nuclear medicine.

PMID- 3843659
TI  - Hepatosplenic captation index (S/L ratio) as a portal hypertension test.

PMID- 3843660
TI  - The quantitative approach to the 99mTc-IDA radiohepatogram: clinical testing of
      three methods.

PMID- 3843661
TI  - Multiple diffuse fibrosarcoma of bone.

PMID- 3843663
TI  - Tolerance of moving strip treatment after surgery and chemotherapy in the
      treatment of ovarian cancer, III stage (F.I.G.O.).

PMID- 3843662
TI  - Combined radiosurgical treatment of bladder carcinoma: preliminary results of a
      prospective trial.

PMID- 3843664
TI  - "Shoulder arthrography".

PMID- 3843666
TI  - Renal and osteoarticular complications of Crohn's disease.

PMID- 3843665
TI  - Unusual radiological aspects of severe inflammatory urethral strictures in South
      Africa.

PMID- 3843667
TI  - Unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery.

PMID- 3843668
TI  - Upper abdominal pain therapy by CT-guided alcohol block of the celiac-splanchnic
      region.

PMID- 3843669
TI  - A case of esophageal lipoma diagnosed by computed tomography.

PMID- 3843671
TI  - Thermographic assessment of healed burn wounds.

PMID- 3843670
TI  - Increased nephrotoxicity caused by combined cholecystography? (Animal
      experiment).

PMID- 3843672
TI  - On the analysis of multi-component exponential decay curves of radionuclides: a
      method to identify the order of a compartmental model directly from the tracer
      data.

PMID- 3843673
TI  - Criteria for technology acceptability.

PMID- 3843674
TI  - Quantitative approaches for cancer risk assessment.

PMID- 3843675
TI  - Managing a low-incidence risk: the example of toxic shock syndrome.
AB  - This article demonstrates a methodology that allows individuals to reach a
      personal decision on the use of products which carry very small risks to health
      and life but also offer considerable benefits. A combination of the principles of
      dominance, extended dominance, and various methods of direct risk-benefit
      tradeoffs are shown to reduce the number of possible decisions regarding product
      use to the one optimal for the value structure of a particular individual. An
      historical examination of toxic-shock syndrome identifies tampons as a product
      with risks too small to warrant public intervention but too sizeable to be
      ignored. The methodology described here can be applied for all such products.

PMID- 3843676
TI  - Experimental design of bioassays for screening and low dose extrapolation.
AB  - Relatively high doses of chemicals generally are employed in animal bioassays to
      detect potential carcinogens with relatively small numbers of animals. The
      problem investigated here is the development of experimental designs which are
      effective for high to low dose extrapolation for tumor incidence as well as for
      screening (detecting) carcinogens. Several experimental designs are compared over
      a wide range of different dose response curves. Linear extrapolation is used
      below the experimental data range to establish an upper bound on carcinogenic
      risk at low doses. The goal is to find experimental designs which minimize the
      upper bound on low dose risk estimates (i.e., maximize the allowable dose for a
      given level of risk). The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is employed for screening
      purposes. Among the designs investigated, experiments with doses at the MTD, 1/2
      MTD, 1/4 MTD, and controls generally provide relatively good data for low dose
      extrapolation with relatively good power for detecting carcinogens. For this
      design, equal numbers of animals per dose level perform as well as unequal
      allocations.

PMID- 3843677
TI  - Powerline frequency electric and magnetic fields: a pilot study of risk
      perception.
AB  - The perception of the potential risk arising from human exposure to 50/60 Hz
      electric and magnetic fields was studied with a quasi-random sample of 116 well
      educated, opinion leaders using the risk perception framework previously
      developed by Slovic, Fischhoff, and Lichtenstein. These individuals rated
      exposure to fields from transmission lines and electric blankets on a variety of
      scales that have been found useful in characterizing people's risk attitudes and
      perceptions. These judgments allowed us to conjecture about the likely desire for
      regulation of these potential hazards and the likely response to a publicized
      problem (e.g., an accident or ominous research finding) involving these two
      sources of exposure. Various forms of detailed information about 50/60 Hz fields
      were supplied to respondents. The provision of information produced modest, but
      statistically significant, changes in perceptions in the direction of greater
      concern about the risks. In response to questions of public policy, participants
      desired modest regulatory control of field exposure from transmission lines and
      little or no control of field exposure from appliances like electric blankets.

PMID- 3843678
TI  - "Ambiguous carcinogens"--another look.

PMID- 3843679
TI  - Evaluating the carcinogenic potential of a chemical that appears to both increase
      and decrease tumor incidences.

PMID- 3843680
TI  - The practical importance of antitumor bioassay responses in carcinogen risk
      assessment.

PMID- 3843681
TI  - "Ambiguous carcinogens"--the main point.

PMID- 3843682
TI  - Synthetic-fuel plants: potential tumor risks to public health.
AB  - This article quantifies potential public health risks from tumor-producing
      pollutants emitted from two synthetic-fuel plants (direct liquefaction--Exxon
      Donor Solvent: and indirect liquefaction--Lurgi Fischer-Tropsch) located at a
      representative site in the eastern United States. In these analyses gaseous and
      aqueous waste streams were characterized; exposures via inhalation, terrestrial
      and aquatic food chains, and drinking water supplies were modeled. Analysis
      suggested that emissions of "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons," "aromatic
      amines," "neutral N, O, S heterocyclics," "nitriles," and "other trace elements"
      pose the largest quantifiable risks to public health. Data and analysis for these
      pollutant categories should be refined to more accurately match compound-specific
      estimated exposure levels with tumorigenic potency estimates. Before these
      results are used for regulatory purposes, more detailed analysis for selected
      pollutant classes are needed, and more sophisticated aquatic exposure models must
      be developed. Also, differences in geographic scales among the environmental
      transport models used need to be rectified.

PMID- 3843683
TI  - Medical decision making and elective surgery: the case of hysterectomy.
AB  - Review and analyses of three sources of data are presented indicating that 25% of
      hysterectomies are elective. Annual mortality associated with elective
      hysterectomy is estimated to be 319, or about 12,122 woman years. Cost-benefit
      analyses of mortality, life expectancy, morbidity, psychological sequelae, as
      well as dollar expenditures, reveal high costs and relatively limited benefits.
      Explanations for this apparent anomaly in decision making are explored and
      include economic incentives, system structure, sexism, and cancer prophylaxis.
      Principles of risk perception are discussed in terms of potential biases
      associated with the cancer prophylaxis motive. It is suggested that physicians'
      judgements of risk may be more salient to the decision process than those of
      prospective patients.

PMID- 3843684
TI  - Toxicity and carcinogenicity.

PMID- 3843685
TI  - Toxicity and carcinogenic potency.

PMID- 3843686
TI  - On the relationship of toxicity and carcinogenicity.

PMID- 3843687
TI  - Multidimensional criteria for technology acceptability: a response to Bernard L.
      Cohen.

PMID- 3843688
TI  - Assessment of health risk from exposure to contaminated soil.
AB  - The risk to human health posed by contaminated soil in a residential area depends
      on the potential extent of exposure to soil and on the toxic properties of the
      contaminants. A detailed soil exposure analysis is presented for young children,
      older children, and adults living in a house surrounded by contaminated soil.
      From this analysis, a lifetime exposure model is derived and used to assess
      chronic health risks.

PMID- 3843690
TI  - Undifferentiated and poorly differentiated carcinoma.
AB  - Undifferentiated (anaplastic) thyroid carcinoma is a highly aggressive neoplasm
      which may simulate microscopically a variety of soft tissue sarcomas. The three
      major subtypes are spindle cell, giant cell, and squamoid. Electron microscopic
      examination and immunocytochemical stain for cytokeratin are the most useful
      special techniques to document the epithelial nature of the tumor.
      Undifferentiated small-cell carcinoma is a term to be discarded. Nearly all
      tumors so designated in the past are malignant lymphomas, small-cell variants of
      medullary carcinomas, or poorly differentiated (insular) carcinomas. Poorly
      differentiated (insular) carcinoma is a thyroid malignant tumor characterized by
      the formation of solid nests and small follicles, a monotonous growth of small
      cells of follicular derivation, mitotic activity, necrosis, and peritheliomatous
      formation. Immunocytochemically, it is negative for calcitonin and positive for
      thyroglobulin. It is a clinically aggressive neoplasm, which metastasizes to both
      regional lymph nodes and distant organs. It is probably analogous to the tumor
      described by Langhans in 1907 as "wuchernde Struma."

PMID- 3843689
TI  - Follicular carcinoma.
AB  - The workshop participants agreed on the following points regarding follicular
      carcinoma: Follicular carcinoma should be divided into two groups according to
      its degree of invasion: encapsulated and widely invasive. Patients in the first
      group only occasionally develop distant metastases, whereas in the second group
      the prognosis is much poorer. In encapsulated follicular tumors, high cellularity
      and nuclear atypia should not be used as criteria of malignancy; this diagnosis
      should be based on the presence of vascular or capsular invasion. Only tumor
      thrombi occurring in vessels in or outside the capsule should be regarded as
      indicative of vascular invasion. Capsular invasion should be diagnosed only if
      penetration of the whole capsule is seen. We agree that some tumor islands within
      the capsule may represent true tumor invasion, but we believe that some others
      may be due to capsular infoldings or tangential sectioning. Whenever tumor tissue
      within the capsule is seen, additional tissue blocks from the capsular area
      should be processed in a search for capsular penetration or vascular invasion.
      The degree of differentiation in follicular carcinoma does not correlate to the
      course of disease as clearly as the degree of invasion, although the so-called
      insular or poorly differentiated, subtype seems to have a poorer prognosis.
      Thyroid carcinomas composed of large eosinophilic cells (Hurthle cell carcinomas)
      usually show follicular differentiation and are therefore included in the
      category of follicular carcinoma. The same diagnostic criteria of malignancy that
      apply for other follicular tumors should be used when evaluating these tumors.
      Although follicular carcinomas often show foci of clear cells, tumors composed
      solely of clear cells are rare. Most pure clear-cell tumors in the thyroid
      represent metastatic tumors, usually from the kidney. In the distinction of
      follicular carcinoma from papillary carcinoma, all differential diagnostic
      criteria should be used. However, in some cases, the diagnosis can be based on
      one criterion only, mainly the presence of widespread ground-glass nuclei or
      abundant neoplastic papillae in papillary carcinoma. The presence of occasional
      papillae in encapsulated tumors composed of large eosinophilic cells is not
      sufficient for the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma if the other microscopic
      features of this tumor are lacking.

PMID- 3843691
TI  - Medullary carcinoma.
AB  - This paper constitutes a brief review of recent developments related to medullary
      carcinoma of the thyroid gland. The following topics are discussed: definition;
      pathologic variants; mixed medullary and follicular carcinoma; C cell
      hyperplasia; and the possible existence of C cell adenoma.

PMID- 3843692
TI  - Thyroid tumor pathology. Proceedings of an international workshop. San Miniato,
      Italy, October 1984.

PMID- 3843693
TI  - Papillary carcinoma.
AB  - In addition to a description of the basic criteria for the diagnosis of papillary
      carcinoma, a review of discussions by all workshop participants on the
      illustrative cases is presented. Areas of consensus included the following:
      classification of mixed papillary and follicular carcinomas as papillary,
      regardless of follicular dominance; recognition of three morphological variants-
      follicular, encapsulated, and diffuse sclerosing; nonspecificity of individual
      histological criteria, with the necessity to utilize a combination of
      characteristic features as guidelines for establishing a diagnosis; citing of
      nuclear features as probably the most important diagnostic criteria, ie,
      increased N/C ratio, irregularity in outline, and paleness of staining (ground
      glass appearance); grading of tumors on the basis of either cytological or
      architectural characteristics remains of unproven prognostic value. (Gross extent
      of tumor at the first operation remains the most valuable single prognostic
      criterion.); defining small carcinomas by size rather than using the imprecise
      term "occult" with its variable definitions including some clinically evident
      tumors; classifying as undifferentiated those carcinomas presenting a mixed
      papillary and anaplastic appearance at the time of the first operation, and
      retaining the papillary designation for papillary cancers which later undergo
      dedifferentiation; and recognition that thyroglobulin is a constant and keratin
      an inconstant tumor cell marker, with the latter not specific for distinguishing
      papillary carcinomas from follicular carcinomas or from hyperplastic adenomas.

PMID- 3843694
TI  - Extranodal lymphoid lesions.

PMID- 3843695
TI  - Middle Eastern intestinal lymphoma.
AB  - A high incidence of intestinal lymphoma has been noted in the Middle East since
      the early 1960's. Initially thought to be a single entity, Middle Eastern
      intestinal lymphoma is now perceived as at least 3 distinct types. Mediterranean
      lymphoma (MTL), also known as alpha chain disease and immunoproliferative small
      intestinal disease (IPSID), occurs in the proximal small intestine of young
      adults who present with malabsorption. Histologically a phase of plasma cell
      infiltration is followed by invasive lymphoma. In approximately 50% of cases an
      alpha 1 heavy chain paraproteinaemia is present. Intestinal lymphoma of so called
      Western type (WTL) occurs in older patients without malabsorption or a
      paraproteinaemia. The lymphoma is of follicular center cell type and there is no
      preceding plasma cell infiltrate. Recent work suggests that both MTL and WTL
      belong to a distinctive group of lymphomas that specifically arise from mucosa
      associated lymphoid tissue. The third type of Middle Eastern intestinal lymphoma
      occurs predominantly in the ileo-caecal region of children and is histologically
      indistinguishable from Burkitts lymphoma.

PMID- 3843696
TI  - Topics in lung pathology.

PMID- 3843697
TI  - New diagnostic techniques in urology, Part 2.

PMID- 3843699
TI  - Urologic pharmacology, Part I.

PMID- 3843698
TI  - The zona-free hamster egg penetration test: its usefulness in male infertility.

PMID- 3843700
TI  - Urologic pharmacology, Part 2.

PMID- 3843701
TI  - New antimicrobial treatment of urinary tract infections and prostatitis.

PMID- 3843702
TI  - [The state of pathology and the pathologist today and in the near future (a
      proposal for improvement)].

PMID- 3843703
TI  - Dermatologists should read their own slides.

PMID- 3843704
TI  - [Methodology of stereophotography in neurosurgical anatomy].

PMID- 3843705
TI  - Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid.
AB  - Bicinchoninic acid, sodium salt, is a stable, water-soluble compound capable of
      forming an intense purple complex with cuprous ion (Cu1+) in an alkaline
      environment. This reagent forms the basis of an analytical method capable of
      monitoring cuprous ion produced in the reaction of protein with alkaline Cu2+
      (biuret reaction). The color produced from this reaction is stable and increases
      in a proportional fashion over a broad range of increasing protein
      concentrations. When compared to the method of Lowry et al., the results reported
      here demonstrate a greater tolerance of the bicinchoninate reagent toward such
      commonly encountered interferences as nonionic detergents and simple buffer
      salts. The stability of the reagent and resulting chromophore also allows for a
      simplified, one-step analysis and an enhanced flexibility in protocol selection.
      This new method maintains the high sensitivity and low protein-to-protein
      variation associated with the Lowry technique.

PMID- 3843706
TI  - Associative learning modifies startle reflexes at the lateral lemniscus.
AB  - Acoustic and electrical brain stimulation studies have revealed that the ventral
      nucleus of the lateral lemniscus is a specific site within the brain stem where a
      previously conditioned stimulus modulates a simple reflex, the acoustic startle
      response. Sixty rats were implanted with bilateral electrodes in the ventral
      cochlear nucleus (VCN), ventral acoustic stria (VAS), dorsal lateral lemniscus
      (DLL), ventral lateral lemniscus (VLL), or the nucleus reticularis pontis
      caudalis (RPC). Following recovery all rats were conditioned to be fearful of a
      light by pairing a light with a shock for 10 trials on each of 2 days. One day
      later, the rats were placed in cages equipped to measure startle responses.
      Startle was elicited either acoustically or electrically through the electrodes
      that had been implanted in various parts of the acoustic startle circuit. Startle
      was elicited in darkness or during a brief presentation of the ligh previously
      paired with the shock. In all groups, acoustic startle amplitude was
      significantly greater in the presence of the light than it was in darkness, which
      is consistent with previous data showing that fear increases startle. Startle
      elicited electrically from the VCN, VAS, and VLL was also significantly increased
      by the light. In contrast, startle elicited electrically in the DLL or the RPC
      was not affected by the light despite the fact that the same rats in the same
      test session had elevated acoustic startle amplitude in the presence of light.
      Thus, it seems that for the first time in a complex vertebrate, a locus has been
      found within the nervous system (the VLL) where a conditioned stimulus acts to
      alter neural transmission so as to affect behavior.

PMID- 3843708
TI  - Mechanisms underlying the plasticity of hippocampal stimulation-induced reward.
AB  - It has been reported that the very slow acquisition of hippocampal self
      stimulation can be markedly facilitated by pretreatment with a program of
      repeated daily hippocampal stimulation (kindling). Three experiments were
      performed to investigate the neurophysiological basis of this effect. Experiment
      1 demonstrated that unilateral stimulation pretreatment produced a facilitation
      of learning to lever press for stimulation delivered to the contralateral
      hippocampal electrode. Thus, there is a transfer of facilitation. In Experiment 2
      it was shown that this transfer effect was not affected by lesion of the
      originally kindled focus, a result suggesting that the facilitated acquisition
      was not due to feedback to the kindled site. In Experiment 3 electrical activity
      during hippocampal self-stimulation was examined in order to explore the possible
      correlation between hippocampal reward and epileptiform activity. No relation was
      apparent: Lever pressing persisted even when no afterdischarge was elicited. The
      findings of these experiments are consistent with the hypothesis that the
      facilitatory effect of stimulation reflects the development of transsynaptic
      potentiation.

PMID- 3843707
TI  - Differential effects of hippocampectomy on classically conditioned rabbit
      nictitating membrane response related to interstimulus interval.
AB  - The effects of hippocampal ablation on acquisition rates and temporal
      characteristics of classically conditioned nictitating membrane responses were
      examined in groups of rabbits trained with a 150-, 300-, or 600-ms interstimulus
      interval. Acquisition rates were accelerated in the 150- and 600-ms groups. No
      effect was present in the 300-ms group. Response onset latencies were also
      affected in the 150-ms group. These findings were interpreted to support the
      notion that the hippocampus modulates learned motor behavior by a neural model of
      the response to be executed.

PMID- 3843709
TI  - Long-term working memory in the rat: effects of hippocampally applied anisomycin.
AB  - The extent to which protein synthesis is involved in working memory was
      investigated with the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin (ANI). Rats were
      trained to perform accurately on a 12-arm radial maze when delays of 240 min were
      interposed between choice 6 and choice 7. Bilateral hippocampal cannulas were
      then implanted. Accuracy on choices 7-12 was studied when ANI or saline was
      injected either 30 min before choice 1 or 5-10 min after choice 6 (Experiment 1).
      Pretrial injection of ANI significantly impaired performance following the 240
      min delay, whereas ANI injected during the delay had no such effect. In
      Experiments 2 and 3, the ANI-induced amnesia was replicated, and the temporal
      course of development of the amnesia was determined. Pretrial administration of
      ANI did not significantly affect retention after a 2-min delay but did produce
      amnesia after delays of 15 min or longer. These data suggest that protein
      synthesis is important for the formation of temporary memories, provided the
      retention interval is long enough. It is suggested that working memory includes
      both short-term and long-term components. Protein synthesis appears to be
      important for formation of the long-term component, but not the short-term
      component, of working memory.

PMID- 3843710
TI  - Consequences of serial cortical, hippocampal, and thalamic lesions and of
      different lengths of overtraining on the acquisition and retention of learning
      tasks.
AB  - The ability of the rat brain to acquire or to retain specific learning tasks was
      tested under conditions of multiple lesions and widely different amounts of
      practice. Lesion targets were (a) the medial prefrontal and cingulate cortex, (b)
      the anterior and mediodorsal thalamus, and (c) the dorsal and ventral
      hippocampus. Rats were divided into seven groups. The first group received
      lesions of all three structural complexes prior to training in a delayed
      alternation and an active avoidance task. Groups 2-4 received lesions in
      different combinations of two of the three structural complexes prior to task
      acquisition. Group 5 first learned both tasks and then received the medial
      cortical lesion; thereafter it was retrained to criterion. Then, the thalamic
      lesion was made, and relearning was tested a second time. Finally, the
      hippocampal region was damaged, and a last relearning test was given. Groups 6
      and 7 also first acquired both tasks; however, after that, they received 240
      (Group 6) or 1,280 (Group 7) trials of overtraining. Following this, all three
      structural complexes were given lesions serially before relearning of the two
      tasks was tested. Nine of the ten animals of Group 1 failed to acquire the
      alternation task, but all learned the avoidance task. In Groups 2-4, all rats
      acquired both tasks. Postoperatively, rats of Group 5 were inferior to those of
      Group 6 in both tasks, and rats of Group 7 were the most successful animals of
      the last three groups. These results question the assumption that serial lesions
      with intermittent training between lesions have beneficial effects, and they also
      stress the importance of task practice, that is, of behavioral experience. It is
      argued that prolonged training will lead to a widely distributed storage of
      information within the brain. The process of wide diffusion of information will,
      however, be disturbed (or at least retarded) by lesions made shortly after task
      acquisition or task reacquisition (as was the case for animals of Group 5).

PMID- 3843711
TI  - Cortical substrates of taste aversion learning: involvement of dorsolateral
      amygdaloid nuclei and temporal neocortex in taste aversion learning.
AB  - The amygdaloid complex is functionally implicated in conditioned taste aversion
      (CTA) learning. Results of previous neurobehavioral studies have provided
      equivocal evidence concerning the involvement of specific amygdaloid nuclei in
      CTA learning. The present study was conducted to examine the involvement of the
      central (CE), lateral (LA), and basolateral (BL) amygdaloid nuclei and the
      temporal neocortices (area 20) in CTA learning. To that end, distinct groups of
      rats received bilateral electrolytic lesion placements in the CE, LA, BL, or the
      temporal neocortices. Control animals received scalp and meningeal incisions
      only. Following recovery, animals were habituated to a restricted drinking
      schedule with distilled water. Animals then received CTA conditioning, with LiCl
      used both as the conditioned stimulus and as the unconditioned stimulus.
      Anterograde degeneration histologies were performed on all brain tissue to
      evaluate relations between CTA learning deficits and axonal pathology induced by
      lesion placements. Results of behavioral manipulations indicated that destruction
      of the CE, LA, or temporal neocortex impaired CTA acquisition, but damage induced
      to the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus did not. Anatomical observations indicated
      that degeneration of amygdalofugal and/or corticofugal projections to the
      convolutions of the olfactory tubercle (medial), subthalamic nucleus, and the
      parabrachial complex is correlated with CTA learning deficits. These results
      indicate that destruction of the dorsolateral amygdaloid nuclei and/or the
      temporal neocortices may produce CTA learning deficits by affecting olfactory,
      gustatory, and/or gastrointestinal processing in various portions of the
      forebrain.

PMID- 3843712
TI  - Effects of conditioned fear on responsiveness to pain: long-term retention and
      reversibility by naloxone.
AB  - The effect of a conditioned fear stimulus (CS) on responsiveness to pain was
      examined in three experiments. In Experiment 1, a CS that signaled shock
      attenuated freezing in response to shock, with the attenuation occurring several
      minutes after the shock. Naloxone blocked the effect of the CS. The effect of the
      CS, including its reversibility by naloxone, was retained over an interval of 90
      days. Experiment 2 showed that this effect on freezing is due to associative fear
      conditioning, rather than blocking of conditioning to context by a novel cue. In
      Experiment 3, presenting a fear CS just prior to administering a tail-flick
      (radiant heat) test of nociception increased the tail-flick latencies; that is,
      the fear CS apparently induced hyperalgesia rather than analgesia. Because this
      result makes it difficult to interpret the change in freezing seen in the first
      experiment as reflecting antinociception, it raises questions about how pain
      might differentially affect different measures of pain responsiveness. A memory
      hypothesis is advanced to resolve the different effects obtained with the
      freezing and tail-flick tests.

PMID- 3843713
TI  - Rats learn to like the taste of morphine.
AB  - When rats are forced to drink a morphine solution as their only source of fluid,
      they eventually reverse their initial preference and drink more morphine than
      water in a two-bottle preference test. The cause of this shift in preference was
      examined with the taste reactivity test which involves the analysis of fixed
      action patterns elicited by taste solutions infused into rats' mouths. Three
      morphine concentrations and two levels of motivation were studied. A greater
      percentage of ingestive taste reactivity responses occurred to the oral morphine
      infusion in morphine-raised rats than in water-raised rats. These data argue
      against the idea that enhanced morphine ingestion is caused by anticipation of
      positive consequences. Instead, they support the idea that rats come to "like"
      the flavor of the morphine solution; in other words, the palatability evaluation
      of the morphine changes, possibly through an association between the flavor and
      the hedonically positive effects of the morphine.

PMID- 3843714
TI  - Prenatal stress and prepuberal social rearing conditions interact to determine
      sexual behavior in male rats.
AB  - The two major categories of factors known to influence adult sexual behavior
      potentials are the relative amounts of androgen present during specific stages of
      perinatal ontogeny and adequate social stimulation during prepuberal development.
      The possible interaction between these two was evaluated by characterizing the
      ejaculatory and lordotic behavior potentials of prenatally stressed and control
      male rats that had been weaned at 16 days of age and raised either in total
      social isolation or with a same-age female, a control male, or a prenatally
      stressed male. The decrement in male sexual behavior produced by prenatal stress
      was attenuated by raising the male with either a female or a control male. Social
      isolation alone or in combination with stress resulted in severely deficient male
      behavior. Peripheral skin shock promoted ejaculatory behavior in many previously
      noncopulating prenatally stressed males raised with other stressed males, but it
      was ineffective in most isolated animals. The high lordosis potential
      characteristic of prenatally stressed male rats was slightly lower in the group
      with a female cagemate and was markedly decreased by social isolation. These
      results support and extend the finding by Dunlap, Zadina, and Gougis (1978) that
      prenatal hormonal events and prepuberal rearing conditions can interact to
      attenuate or accentuate the effects that either treatment alone has on the
      development of adult sexual behavior potentials.

PMID- 3843715
TI  - Habituation of the shortening reflex in the medicinal leech.
AB  - The shortening reflex was elicited in food-sated Hirudo medicinalis by light
      flashes delivered at 20-s intervals over a 40-trial session. The reflex was
      enhanced if animals were stored at 5-7 degrees C rather than 20 degrees C. Short
      term, that is, within-sessions, habituation was readily observed. Dishabituation
      could be produced by a single electric shock at Trial 30. However, the shock also
      enhanced responding when delivered before Trial 1 (sensitization). No long-term,
      that is, between-sessions, habituation occurred over 6 consecutive days of
      testing; on the contrary, responding gradually increased.

PMID- 3843716
TI  - Orienting response and detection of thalamic stimulation: mechanism of perceptual
      learning in the cat.
AB  - Naive cats cannot use thalamic stimulation as a signal to perform a behavioral
      response when stimulus intensities are too weak to evoke orienting behavior.
      Responses are quickly learned at higher intensities of stimulation, and with
      continued training, the cats become able to response to the weaker, previously
      ineffective stimulus. This increase in sensitivity is not due to changes in tonic
      arousal and appears to be relatively specific to the stimulated nucleus. The
      procedures may be useful in exploring the neural mechanisms of perceptual
      learning.

PMID- 3843717
TI  - Behavioral and hormonal responses to separation in infant rhesus monkeys and
      mothers.
AB  - Effects of social stimuli on behavioral and physiological responses were examined
      in infant rhesus monkeys at 4 and 9 months of age. Infants and mothers were
      removed from the social group and housed as dyads. Following this period, infants
      were removed and separated under four counterbalanced conditions: (a) totally
      isolated--placed in a holding cage for 24 hr; (b) mother present, no contact-
      housed in a single cage in view of their mother, no contact; (c) mother present,
      contact--similar to above, with mother in proximity to the infant; and (d) peer
      present--separated but in proximity to a peer. In the first experiment, the
      infants rarely vocalized when totally isolated but showed high rates of
      vocalization in the presence of the mother, both with and without contact. In the
      mother-present conditions, they failed to show a plasma cortisol response. In
      contrast, totally isolated infants showed a significant elevation in plasma
      cortisol. At 9 months of age, these infants were separated for 3 days under two
      different conditions: mother present and totally isolated. Once again, the
      infants that were totally isolated showed little vocalization but significant
      elevations in plasma cortisol. In contrast, infants separated in the presence of
      their mothers showed high vocalization rates but no cortisol response. The
      concepts of protest and despair are discussed as they relate to behavioral and
      physiological differences observed following different separation paradigms.

PMID- 3843718
TI  - Effect of age and long-term stress experience on adaptation to stress analgesia
      in mature rats: role of opioids.
AB  - The effects of aging and previous long-term stress on development of tolerance to
      stress-induced analgesia were evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to
      intermittent cold water swims (ICWS) in 2 degrees C water (eighteen 10-s
      exposure, three/min) on 15 consecutive days. Analgesia was measured by the tail
      flick test prior to and 30 min after ICWS. In young rats (4 months), tolerance
      developed faster and asymptotic tolerance was acquired sooner and was more
      complete than in older rats (15-16 months). Previous long-term exposure (but not
      the age at which it occurred) accelerated the development and acquisition of
      asymptotic tolerance to reexposure. Naltrexone (10 mg/kg, ip) partially and
      completely reversed tolerance to ICWS analgesia in 4- and 9-10-month-old rats,
      respectively, results suggesting that the opioids are involved in ICWS-analgesia
      tolerance in both young and old mature rats. In young animals, a second
      mechanism, naltrexone-insensitive, may be responsible for at least some of the
      differences in ICWS tolerance found between young and old mature adult rats.

PMID- 3843719
TI  - Forelimb placing and hopping reflexes in haloperidol- and morphine-treated
      cataleptic rats.
AB  - Although both haloperidol and morphine produce catalepsy, there are fundamental
      differences in their neurological effects (De Ryck, Schallert, & Teitelbaum,
      1980). Haloperidol-treated rats show brisk righting, bracing, and clinging
      reflexes, effects suggesting that motor subsystems subserving static postural
      support are dominant over those involved in more phasic locomotor and orienting
      movements. In contrast, morphine-treated rats show impaired righting, bracing,
      and clinging, effects suggesting that postural support mechanisms are suppressed.
      In order to determine whether phasic postural reactions other than righting are
      also differentially affected by these drugs, forelimb placing and hopping
      reflexes were evaluated in rats given either haloperidol (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 5
      mg/kg) or morphine sulfate (0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg). Morphine produced a dose
      dependent impairment in all tests. In contrast, haloperidol did not impair
      contact placing to dorsal stimulation of the limb or chin placing. Hopping and
      contact placing to lateral stimulation of the limb were impaired by haloperidol,
      perhaps because stimulation induced a competing tendency to brace. These results
      provide additional evidence that morphine and haloperidol produce functionally
      different neurological states.

PMID- 3843720
TI  - Naloxone, preshock, and defensive burying.
AB  - Rats were injected with naloxone hydrochloride (3 mg/kg) or saline and subjected
      to preshock or no preshock prior to receiving a test shock that elicited
      defensive burying. Preshock was administered in a context different from, or the
      same as, that in which the test shock was delivered. The combination of naloxone
      and preshock led to more defensive burying than did saline and preshock. This was
      the case regardless of preshock context, a result suggesting that fear and/or
      analgesia may not always be critical ingredients in the preshock-naloxone
      interaction. Interpretative matters notwithstanding, the pattern of results for
      defensive burying was in basic agreement with that of other research on naloxone
      and defensive behavior and represents an extension of the literature to a new
      species-specific defense reaction.

PMID- 3843721
TI  - Opiates and play dominance in juvenile rats.
AB  - Social play between pairs of individually housed juvenile rats was studied by
      measuring pinning frequencies occurring during rough-and-tumble play. Low doses
      of morphine increased play, and opioid blockade with naloxone reduced play.
      Dominance, as measured by which pinned which most, was markedly reduced by
      naloxone and slightly increased by morphine. These effects were most apparent
      when animals were treated with these drugs continuously from the beginning of
      play testing. Although the respective drugs tended to reverse established
      dominance patterns (i.e., naloxone made dominant animals more submissive, and
      morphine made submissive animals more dominant), it was apparent that previously
      established social learning limited the effectiveness of these manipulations. In
      general, the results are consistent with the proposition that brain opioids are
      important in controlling the vigor of social relations.

PMID- 3843722
TI  - Thalamocortical relations in taste aversion learning: I. Involvement of gustatory
      thalamocortical projections in taste aversion learning.
AB  - The anterior insular gustatory neocortex (AIGN) has been implicated as a
      functional substrate of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning. Results of
      previous neuroanatomical and neurobehavioral experiments indicate that
      projections from gustatory-responsive neurons in the posterior ventromedial
      thalamic nuclei (parvicellular division; VPMpc) may provide relevant input to the
      AIGN during CTA learning. In rat, gustatory thalamocortical projections from
      VPMpc thalamus traverse the ventrolateral neostriatum (VLS) enroute to the AIGN.
      In these experiments, various neuroanatomical and neurobehavioral manipulations
      in the VLS were used to examine the contribution of presumed gustatory
      thalamocortical projections to CTA learning. These experiments demonstrate that
      projections from VPMpc thalamus to the AIGN are essential for normal CTA
      learning. Because both VPMpc thalamus and the AIGN each have been implicated as
      functional substrates of CTA learning, the present results suggest that the
      gustatory thalamocortical relay per se is necessary for normal taste-illness
      learning.

PMID- 3843723
TI  - Classical conditioning of a flexor nerve response in spinal cats: effects of
      tibial nerve CS and a differential conditioning paradigm.
AB  - Previous studies have shown flexor nerve response increases produced by classical
      conditioning procedures in spinal cats when the conditioned stimulus (CS) was
      delivered to the superficial peroneal nerve and the unconditioned stimulus (US)
      was delivered to the ankle skin. In this study, these effects were produced when
      the CS was delivered to the whole tibial nerve or to the medial plantar branch.
      The finding that response increases followed by extinction effects could be
      obtained when either the superficial peroneal or the tibial nerve was utilized
      allowed the assessment of the effects of a differential conditioning paradigm.
      The responses to CS-US presentations on the superficial peroneal nerve increased,
      whereas responses to CS presentations on the tibial nerve remained unchanged.
      However, lack of extinction effects in the superficial peroneal data suggested
      that stimulation of the tibial nerve potentiated superficial peroneal evoked
      responses. Furthermore, responses evoked by stimulation of either nerve increased
      when paired trials were given on the tibial nerve. These data demonstrate that
      stimulation of the tibial nerve potentiates responses to superficial peroneal
      nerve stimulation but that superficial peroneal nerve stimulation has no effect
      on responses to CS presentations to the tibial nerve.

PMID- 3843724
TI  - Serial ablations of the telencephalon and avoidance learning by goldfish
      (Carassius auratus).
AB  - Simultaneous bilateral ablation of the teleost telencephalon was confirmed to
      dramatically impair the retention, extinction, and "reversal learning" of a
      preoperatively learned instrumental avoidance response in a shuttle box. The
      focus of the experiment was on whether two-stage serial unilateral ablations of
      the teleost telencephalon would ameliorate the effects seen following one-stage
      bilateral ablation and whether such amelioration would be a function of the
      fish's experiences between the staged ablations. The degree of retention,
      relearning, and extinction of the avoidance response was not modulated by the
      serial ablation procedure whether or not there was interoperation retraining
      experience. However, reversal learning, in which the previous warning signal
      became the safety signal and the previous safety signal became the new warning
      signal, was less impaired following serial ablations than following single-stage
      bilateral ablation. These results are contrasted with those from experiments with
      mammalian subjects.

PMID- 3843725
TI  - Habituation of heart rate in functionally decorticate rats.
AB  - Habituation of acoustically evoked heart rate responses and retention of this
      habituation was studied in functionally decorticate rats. An improved technique
      to induce cortical spreading depression (CSD) resulted in a pronounced and
      continuous depression of electroencephalographic activity. In Experiment 1, short
      term habituation (STH) was demonstrated in decorticate rats and surgical
      controls; long-term habituation (LTH, 24 hr) occurred only in intact animals. In
      Experiment 2, only CSD groups were used. As in the first experiment, STH but not
      LTH was obtained under CSD. However, there was clear evidence that habituation
      could be retained subcortically for 30 min. It is concluded that the rat's cortex
      is not necessary for habituation of acoustically evoked heart rate responses and
      retention of this habituation over a moderately long interval. However, the
      results suggest that the cortex is involved in LTH and that the neuronal
      substrates of STH and LTH are, in significant part, different.

PMID- 3843726
TI  - Regional changes in EEG power and coherence during cognition: intensive study of
      two individuals.
AB  - Two men underwent weekly electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings while living for
      several months in a controlled laboratory environment. Data collected from an
      eight-channel EEG during a resting period and during performance of two cognitive
      tasks (word fluency and mental imagery) were subjected to spectral analysis.
      Statistical analyses on power and coherence were conducted for each subject
      separately, to determine whether that individual showed a characteristic pattern
      of EEG activity for a given cognitive task which was stable over time. Although
      substantial individual differences were observed, particularly for the theta
      band, both subjects showed changes in the spectral information over the anterior
      left hemisphere during the word fluency task.

PMID- 3843727
TI  - Nutritive and nonnutritive determinants of milk intake of suckling rats.
AB  - In order to determine the factors that enhance milk intake during deprivation,
      albino rats 15, 20, and 25 days of age were subjected, for 8 hr, to one of the
      following regimens: (1) privation, that is, separation from the dam and food; (2)
      privation with a maternal, thelectomized female; (3) privation with a maternal
      female whose nipples had been surgically ligated; (4) separation from the dam and
      food but receiving three 2% body weight intragastric preloads of milk; (5) with a
      dam whose nipples had been ligated and receiving the same intragastric preloads
      as Group 4; and (6) nondeprived rats. Rats were then allowed 45 min to suckle an
      anesthetized dam that was induced to let down milk every 4 min by intravenous
      oxytocin infusion. Intake at Day 15 was reduced by the opportunity to suckle,
      independent of receiving a milk load. This same trend was apparent, although not
      as strong, among Day 20 rats. By Day 25, nonnutritive suckling during the
      privation period no longer attenuated milk intake, although preloads did, whether
      or not they were paired with nonnutritive suckling. Thus, suckling in albino rats
      becomes increasingly freed from oral demands and more responsive to the nutritive
      consequences.

PMID- 3843728
TI  - Odors released by stressed rats produce opioid analgesia in unstressed rats.
AB  - When unstressed rats were placed in a chamber containing the odor of a
      conspecific that had received electric shock, they became analgesic as assessed
      by the formalin test. The odors of nonstressed conspecifics and novel odors
      produced no such effect. This analgesia was reversed by naltrexone. The data
      suggest that naturalistic stimuli innately associated with aversive environmental
      events can activate endogenous pain control mechanisms.

PMID- 3843729
TI  - Long-term potentiation facilitates behavioral responding to single-pulse
      stimulation of the perforant path.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to determine whether long-term potentiation
      (LTP) could enhance the stimulus properties of electrical brain stimulation.
      First, a paradigm was developed in which single-pulse stimulation of the
      perforant path (PP) could acquire control over operant responses. Evoked
      potentials were recorded from the dentate gyrus (DG) on every trial in order to
      measure the postsynaptic consequences of the stimulus and to monitor synaptic
      efficacy in the PP-DG synapses. The second experiment confirmed the relation
      between the amount of evoked activity and acquisition rate and also showed that
      transecting the PP impaired performance. In the third experiment, high-frequency
      stimulation of the PP produced LTP and accelerated subsequent acquisition of
      behavioral responding to PP stimulation. These results document a clear link
      between increases in synaptic efficacy and changes in behavior and thereby
      demonstrate the ability of LTP to serve as at least one component of the neural
      bases of learning and memory.

PMID- 3843730
TI  - Spatial problem solving in a dual runway task by normal and septal rats.
AB  - The addition of a dual runway configuration did not disrupt the successful
      performance of normal animals, nor did it improve the deficit of septal rats on
      the Maier three-table spatial integration task. Both groups of animals displayed
      a preference for the outside runway configuration during exploration. During
      testing, however, septal animals retained this preference, whereas normal
      subjects attempted solution by using the inside runway configuration. This fact,
      in addition to the apparent lack of a habituation pattern during exploration,
      suggests that septal animals do not acquire a spatial representation of the test
      situation. It is suggested that the inability of septal rats in spatial
      situations is due to an inability to form rather than an inability to use spatial
      maps.

PMID- 3843731
TI  - Discrimination learning requiring different memory components in rats: age and
      neurochemical comparisons.
AB  - The performances of young (8-9 months) and aged (22-24 months) male ACI rats were
      compared in a T-maze requiring two discriminations, each of which placed
      different demands on memory processing. A spatial discrimination in the stem of
      the T-maze required long-term reference memory; a discrete-trial, alternation
      discrimination in the arms of the T-maze required working memory. Following
      acquisition training in one maze, rats were also trained in a second maze at a
      different location in the room. The correct response in the stem of this maze was
      opposite to that in the first maze. In two experiments with slightly different
      pretraining procedures, similar results demonstrated that aged rats made more
      errors in all phases of maze training than did their young counterparts. The
      results suggest that all components of memory processing were affected
      equivalently because the age-related impairment was not selectively greater in
      any component of the task. In a third experiment, aged rats were unimpaired in
      the ability to perform in a T-maze task involving a brightness discrimination
      with intramaze cues. This result suggests that the age-related impairment in the
      two-component T-maze task was restricted to the cognitive demands of the task.
      Neurochemical analyses were performed to determine whether regional
      neurotransmitter synthetic enzyme activities could be used to identify
      neurochemical systems associated with performance in these tasks and with any age
      related impairments observed. Choline acetyltransferase and glutamic acid
      decarboxylase were assayed as markers for cholinergic and GABAergic systems,
      respectively, in the hippocampi and the following cortical regions: frontal,
      sensorimotor, auditory, cingulate, occipital, and pyriform-perirhinal. A slight
      (8%) but significant age-related decline was observed in the activity of glutamic
      acid decarboxylase but not of choline acetyltransferase. Although the correlation
      between maze performance and regional enzyme activities generally supported
      several previous observations, the only significant correlation to emerge was
      between working memory performance and glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in
      the cingulate cortex.

PMID- 3843732
TI  - Noradrenaline and learning: effects of the noradrenergic neurotoxin DSP4 on
      imprinting in the domestic chick.
AB  - The effects of the noradrenergic neurotoxin DSP4 on imprinting in domestic chicks
      were investigated. Chicks received either DSP4 or distilled water and were
      trained 60 hr after hatching by exposing them to either a rotating red box or a
      stuffed jungle fowl. Noradrenaline concentration was determined in Wulst and
      medial and basal forebrain samples. The medial forebrain sample comprised mainly
      the intermediate part of the medial hyperstriatum ventrale, a region previously
      shown to be intimately involved in imprinting. The DSP4 treatment reduced
      forebrain noradrenaline levels by about 65%. DSP4 profoundly impaired imprinting
      in box-trained chicks but not in fowl-trained chicks. In box-trained chicks, the
      strength of imprinting was positively correlated with noradrenaline concentration
      in both medial and basal forebrain samples. It is suggested on the basis of these
      and previous studies that some of the neural structures and mechanisms involved
      in imprinting on the fowl differ from those involved in imprinting on the box.

PMID- 3843733
TI  - Cortical cholinergic impairment and behavioral deficits produced by kainic acid
      lesions of rat magnocellular basal forebrain.
AB  - The magnocellular basal forebrain (MNBF) provides extensive cholinergic
      innervation to frontoparietal cortex. In the rat, the MNBF is homologous to the
      human nucleus basalis of Meynert, a structure implicated in the cholinergic
      hypothesis of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Kainic acid (KA)
      was used to make lesions in the MNBF of rats which were compared with unoperated
      controls, sham-operated controls, and control rats injected with KA in the
      cortical area directly above the MNBF. The MNBF lesions depleted choline
      acetyltransferase in cortex but not in striatum or hippocampus. Cortical dopamine
      levels were unchanged; serotonin levels were unchanged in hippocampus and
      parietal cortex but decreased in frontal cortex. The metabolite levels of these
      neurotransmitters were unchanged in all brain regions examined. Compared with
      controls, rats with MNBF lesions were impaired in 24-hr retention, but not
      acquisition, of a passive avoidance task with escapable footshock. There were no
      differences between groups in mean number of daily avoidances on a bar-press
      active avoidance task, although the data suggested a slower rate of learning in
      MNBF rats. In a serial spatial discrimination reversal test with a snout-poke
      response, the MNBF rats performed significantly worse than controls, although all
      groups learned the task. This rodent model is useful for studying the role of the
      cholinergic system in memory and possibly for developing treatment strategies to
      alleviate the cognitive dysfunction of AD.

PMID- 3843734
TI  - Environmental influences on locomotor recovery following cortical lesions in
      rats.
AB  - Groups of rats were exposed to an enriched environment 2 hr per day for 30 days
      during the immediate pre- and/or postoperative period, or not at all. Animals in
      four of these groups sustained lesions in the bilateral sensorimotor cortex. One
      sham-operated control group was enriched pre- and postoperatively; a second
      control group was not. Animals were trained preoperatively to locomote across a
      narrow elevated runway. Testing on the locomotor task began 31 days after surgery
      and continued until preoperative performance levels were achieved. Preoperative
      enrichment had the most potent influence on initial deficit and recovery of
      locomotion. Animals that were enriched preoperatively failed to demonstrate any
      deficit postoperatively, and the topology of their hindlimb movement appeared to
      be normal. In preoperatively impoverished animals, postoperative enrichment
      reduced the degree of initial deficit and speeded recovery of locomotion when
      compared with animals not enriched at all. However, preoperatively impoverished
      rats demonstrated an aberrant topology of hindlimb movement even after they were
      "behaviorally recovered".

PMID- 3843735
TI  - Neonatal frontal lesions in hamsters impair species-typical behaviors and reduce
      brain weight and neocortical thickness.
AB  - Syrian golden hamsters with removals of the medial or ventral subfields of the
      frontal cortex at 4 days of age were compared behaviorally and neuroanatomically
      with hamsters with similar removals in adulthood. The behavioral results showed
      that hamsters with neonatal lesions show little sparing of species-typical
      behaviors such as hoarding and nest building. Study of the development of animals
      with early lesions showed that although as young juveniles the operated hamsters
      did not appear to be different from their littermate controls, as they developed
      they failed to improve in their performance as their littermates did. As adults
      these early operates were thus severely impaired relative to their littermates.
      Nonetheless, under certain environmental conditions it was possible to show that
      the animals were capable of performing the behaviors nearly as proficiently as
      normal animals. Thus, in order to thoroughly assess the extent of behavioral
      sparing following early neonatal lesions, it is necessary to test animals under
      widely varying stimulus conditions. Finally, when the brains of neonatally
      operated hamsters were compared with those of animals operated on in adulthood,
      there were striking differences; although the area of cavity appeared smaller in
      the neonatal operates, their brains weighed less and the remaining neocortex was
      thinner.

PMID- 3843736
TI  - A deficit in ambient visual guidance following superior colliculus lesions in
      rats.
AB  - Rats were tested for their ability to locate a hidden platform in the Morris
      swimming pool in which extrapool cues are required to guide locomotion. At the
      end of each trial, the rats were either removed immediately or allowed to remain
      on the platform for 60 s. Bilateral lesions of the superior colliculus (SC), as
      in a previous experiment (Milner & Lines, 1983), were found to produce a severe
      deficit. Permitting the rats to stay on the platform did not significantly affect
      performance in either rats with SC lesions or sham-operated controls. The results
      indicated that the reduced orienting behavior on the platform observed in the
      rats with lesions in the previous experiment was not the cause of their
      navigational impairment. It is concluded that the impairment following SC lesions
      comes about during the swimming itself and therefore that it may be attributed to
      a disturbance of, or a failure to utilize, ambient vision.

PMID- 3843737
TI  - Shock controllability and opioid substrates of escape performance and
      nociception: differential effects of peripherally and centrally acting
      naltrexone.
AB  - Rats exposed to inescapable shock exhibited analgesia and a significant
      impairment of shock-escape learning in a shuttle box situation 24 hr later. In
      contrast, rats exposed to escapable shock or to no shock displayed neither
      effect. Naltrexone (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced the analgesia and completely
      eliminated the escape deficit in inescapably shocked rats but induced
      hyperalgesia, coupled with a marked deterioration of escape performance, in
      escapably shocked and nonshocked rats. The same dose of quaternary naltrexone,
      which has low ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, had no effect on either
      the antinociception or the escape deficit produced by inescapable shock, although
      it also induced escape impairment and hyperalgesia in rats preexposed to
      escapable shock or to no shock. A second experiment demonstrated that both the
      escape interference and the antinociceptive consequences of prior inescapable
      shock could be reduced partially by a much lower dose (1 mg/kg) of naltrexone but
      50 times this amount of quaternary naltrexone was still without effect. These
      results imply that the consequences of exposure to inescapable shock are mediated
      by activation of central opioid processes whereas naltrexone-induced effects in
      escapably shocked and nonshocked animals may be peripherally mediated. The
      relevance of these findings to the possible role of nociception in escape
      performance is discussed.

PMID- 3843738
TI  - Evidence of proceptive without receptive defeminization in male ferrets.
AB  - The latencies of groups of gonadectomized male and female ferrets to approach and
      interact with a sexually active stimulus male were measured after administration
      of estradiol benzoate (EB; 0, 5, 10, or 15 micrograms/kg) in adulthood. Receptive
      responsiveness to stud males was also assessed in these same ferrets during
      additional tests. Control female ferrets gonadectomized on Postnatal Day 35
      displayed a dose-dependent reduction in approach latencies to the stud male which
      did not occur in control males castrated on Day 35. The approach latencies of
      males castrated on Postnatal Day 20 or Day 5 were intermediate between these two
      extremes. Equivalent dose-dependent reductions in approach latencies were
      observed in groups of ferrets ovariectomized on Day 5 and implanted sc with
      Silastic capsules containing either no hormone or different doses of testosterone
      over Postnatal Days 5-20 or 20-35. Equivalent dose-dependent increments in
      acceptance quotients were obtained in all groups of male and female ferrets
      following EB treatment. These results suggest that the capacity to display the
      proceptive, or appetitive, components of feminine sexual behavior is normally
      reduced in male ferrets as a consequence of the perinatal action of testicular
      hormones whereas receptive behavioral capacity is retained in males of this
      species.

PMID- 3843739
TI  - Exposure to a cat produces opioid analgesia in rats.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to test the prediction that rats should react with
      reduced sensitivity/reactivity to nociceptive stimulation in the presence of a
      cat. In Experiment 1, naloxone or saline was administered, and rats were exposed
      to no stimulus, a novel stimulus, or a cat. In Experiment 2, rats were exposed to
      either no stimulus or a cat, and naltrexone was administered. In both
      experiments, rats tested in the presence of the cat showed a significant
      reduction in sensitivity/reactivity to a skin-irritating formalin injection.
      Naltrexone reversed this analgesia.

PMID- 3843741
TI  - Differential apomorphine effects.
AB  - Two dose levels of apomorphine were used with the tail-flick assay. A low dose of
      apomorphine significantly increased tail-flick latency, whereas a high dose
      significantly decreased tail-flick latency. Such differential effects have
      bearing on the reported complex interaction between the dopamine and endorphin
      systems in the brain.

PMID- 3843740
TI  - Early postnatal handling alters glucocorticoid receptor concentrations in
      selected brain regions.
AB  - Norway rat pups were either handled (H) or undisturbed (nonhandled, NH) in the
      period between birth and weaning on Day 21. Following weaning, half of the
      animals in each group were housed socially (Soc), and half were housed in
      isolation (Isol). At 120-150 days of age, all animals were sacrificed, and the
      following regions were dissected and frozen at -70 degrees C until the time of
      assay: frontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala, septum, and
      pituitary. [3H]Dexamethasone (3H Dex) binding in each region was examined by an
      in vitro, cytosol, receptor assay. 3H Dex binding was significantly higher in the
      hippocampus of both H-Soc and H-Isol than in NH groups. In the frontal cortex, 3H
      Dex binding was higher in the H-Soc animals than in the H-Isol and NH-Isol
      animals. There were no significant handling or housing effects found in the
      amygdala, hypothalamus, septum, or pituitary. Thus, early postnatal handling
      appears to influence the development of the glucocorticoid receptor system in the
      hippocampus and frontal cortex. These results are discussed as providing a
      possible mechanism for some of the previously reported effects of early handling
      on the development of the pituitary-adrenal response to stress.

PMID- 3843742
TI  - Lesions of the dorsal spinal cord decrease the duration of contact defensive
      immobility (animal hypnosis) in the rabbit.
AB  - Rabbits received either bilateral dorsal or unilateral dorsolateral spinal cord
      lesions. The duration and incidence of contact defensive immobility (CDI; animal
      hypnosis) were tested in these rabbits and in intact controls. Neither of the
      spinal cord lesions affected the number of CDI inductions, but rabbits with
      lesions of the dorsal spinal cord exhibited significantly shorter durations of
      CDI than either of the other groups which did not differ from each other. These
      results are interpreted to indicate that the somesthetic systems that ascend in
      the dorsal spinal cord are important for the maintenance, but not the initiation,
      of CDI.

PMID- 3843743
TI  - A case of Menkes disease cell culture examination and elastic cartilage
      electronmicroscopy.
AB  - A boy with clinical characteristics of Menkes disease was described. Extremely
      low serum copper concentration, low ceruloplasmin level and increased copper
      accumulation in cultured fibroblasts confirmed the diagnosis. Electronmicroscopy
      of elastic cartilage showed abnormalities of chondrocyte function and a
      derangement of extracellular substance polymerization.

PMID- 3843744
TI  - Genetic analysis of cleft lip and cleft palate in southern Poland. I. Empiric and
      relative recurrence risks.
AB  - The study covered 1009 families with CL +/- P and 490 families with CP coming
      from the region of southern Poland wherein the incidence is 1.3/1000 for CL +/- P
      and 0.51/1000 for CP. The empiric recurrence risk of CL +/- P and CP was 1.6% +/-
      0.66 and 0.93% +/- 0.75, respectively. It was found that the risk of CL +/- P
      recurrence was three times greater among the sibs of male probands in comparison
      to that of female index cases. The relative risk of malformation recurrence in a
      family with one of the offspring already affected was 14.57 for CL +/- P and
      19.85 for CP. The heritability values, calculated according to Falconer's formula
      were found to be 54.77% +/- 5.07 for CL +/- P and 52.79% +/- 8.63 for CP and
      suggested the significant effect of environmental factors on the etiology of
      these anomalies.

PMID- 3843745
TI  - Genetic analysis of cleft lip and cleft palate in southern Poland. II. Complex
      segregation analysis.
AB  - A complex segregation analysis based on the maximum likelihood method was applied
      on a sample of 329 families with CP and 687 families with CL +/- P. The results
      for CP malformations were equivocal, since the authors were unable to distinguish
      between the hypothesis of recessive inheritance with complete penetrance (chi 2 =
      19.60) and that of multifactorial inheritance (chi 2 = 20.38). For CL +/- P
      lesions the most plausible hypothesis seemed to be that of dominant inheritance
      with low penetrance (t = 0.277) and relatively high frequency of phenocopies. For
      these hypotheses the values Q of theoretical recurrence risk were computed and
      presented.

PMID- 3843746
TI  - Chromosome studies in 3665 consecutive newborn children.
AB  - Results of chromosomal studies done on 3665 newborn children from central Poland
      have been described. As against a global incidence of 1:1022 for trisomy G and
      1:1308 for the balanced translocation D/D in infants, the respective figures for
      the Polish infants were, 1:610 and 1:1221. Likewise, against the global incidence
      of 1:823 for the karyotype 47, XXY and of 1:1072 for the karyotype 47, XYY in
      infants, the respective incidence in the Polish infants was 1:626 and 1:939. The
      study has demonstrated also that the frequency of occurrence of the different
      widths of the C-bands had a distribution close to normal. The authors have noted
      that the children with chromosomal abnormalities were more frequently not as well
      developed at birth as were children with normal karyotypes.

PMID- 3843747
TI  - Laboratory animals in genetical research.
AB  - The article focuses on the inbred strains of mice and their specialized
      derivatives in the context of genetic and developmental problems, and
      constitutional diseases.

PMID- 3843748
TI  - Low molecular weight copper binding proteins in Wilson disease.
AB  - Cultured fibroblasts deriving from Wilson disease patients were compared with the
      control ones in respect of copper accumulation and low molecular weight copper
      binding protein (metallothionein) properties. No evidence was obtained that
      metallothionein abnormality could be a primary cause of copper metabolism
      disturbances in Wilson disease. The determination of radioactivity, present in
      serum low molecular weight fraction 24 hours after intravenous injection of 64Cu,
      has been suggested as an additional tool in Wilson disease diagnosis in doubtful
      cases.

PMID- 3843749
TI  - Increased expression of fragile site Xq by hydroxyurea. Preliminary
      communication.
AB  - The addition of hydroxyurea in final concentration 1.3 X 10(-5) M increases the
      frequency of fraX in comparison with cultures without hydroxyurea. The same
      concentration of hydroxyurea did not induce fraX formation and "nonspecific" gaps
      in cultures of lymphocytes derive from healthy individuals. The possible
      explanation of this effect is discussed.

PMID- 3843750
TI  - The segregation-linkage analysis of genetically determined characters.
AB  - The model of combined segregation-linkage analysis is presented. The method
      offers the opportunity of simultaneous estimation of recombination fraction
      between the locus of genetic marker and that of a disease gene and the evaluation
      of its inheritance pattern. The computer programme MUBAS estimates combinations
      of parameters: dominance-d, penetrance-t and recombination fraction by the method
      of maximum likelihood using the distribution of the observed numbers of sib
      pairs: ill/proband and healthy/proband.

PMID- 3843751
TI  - The maximum likelihood estimation of haplotype frequencies of HLA and HLA-like
      systems and addition loci of genes with the different modes of inheritance.
AB  - Conventional formula for the estimation of haplotype frequencies proposed by
      Yasuda was extended for the haplotypes constituting three HLA loci and two
      additional loci of genes with codominant alleles. The computer programme FREHAP
      estimates 32 haplotype frequencies rijkmn by the method of maximum likelihood, as
      well as it calculates the marginal frequencies rijk.. and r...mn, the matrix of
      expected numbers and the value of chi-square for the goodness of fit. The FREHAP
      has been programmed in FORTRAN IV for a CDC CYBER 72 computer.

PMID- 3843752
TI  - Hyperphenylalaninemia in Polish children's population.
AB  - Differential diagnosis in 144 cases of hyperphenylalaninemia detected through the
      newborn screening is discussed. In 123 infants phenylketonuria was diagnosed, so
      they were treated with the low phe diet. Verificatory examinations performed in
      diagnostically doubtful cases with the use of protein loading confirmed
      persistent enzymatic defect in all of them. In 21 infants with blood serum
      phenylalanine level below 15 mg% and lack of phe urinary metabolites, preliminary
      diagnosis of mild hyperphenylalaninemia was made and they were left without
      dietary treatment. A decrease with age in phenylalanine and tyrosine values was
      observed in this group. Mental development score, in the group as a whole, at age
      3-7 years was normal. Two cases with relatively low IQ values have been discussed
      in regard to possible reason of their mental delay.

PMID- 3843753
TI  - Studies on senile hypertension in a rural mass survey--in relation to
      arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 3843754
TI  - Studies on myosatellite cells of motor neuron disease.

PMID- 3843755
TI  - Multivariate analysis of the risk factors for cerebral infarction.

PMID- 3843757
TI  - Proceedings of the 16th Symposium on Drug Metabolism and Action. Gifu.

PMID- 3843756
TI  - Studies on the prediction of cerebrovascular stroke.

PMID- 3843758
TI  - [Thermal degradation of dibutyltin fluoride and pulmonary toxicity of combustion
      products in rats and guinea pigs. 1. Analytical study of dibutyltin fluoride
      thermolysis between 200 and 600 degrees C].

PMID- 3843759
TI  - [Bromine, bromides, pregnancy and lactation. Apropos of 2 case reports].

PMID- 3843761
TI  - [World Federation of Associations of Clinical Toxicology Centers and Poison
      Control Centers. Information bulletin No. 33].

PMID- 3843760
TI  - [Withdrawal of non-dopaminergic antiparkinson drugs].

PMID- 3843763
TI  - [Pituitary adenomas. Experience of the Endocrinology Clinic of the Avicenna
      University Hospital Center (apropos of 59 cases)].

PMID- 3843762
TI  - [Aspartame and its effect on gestation in rats].

PMID- 3843764
TI  - [Echocardiography in chronic constrictive pericarditis (apropos of 22 cases
      treated surgically)].

PMID- 3843765
TI  - [Contusions of the scrotum and its contents (apropos of 30 cases)].

PMID- 3843766
TI  - [Prognostic Nutritional Index. In ENT and maxillofacial surgery].

PMID- 3843767
TI  - [Oto-neurosurgical cooperation in the surgical treatment of acoustic neuroma].

PMID- 3843768
TI  - [Apropos of a case of acute aortic dissection (value of echocardiography)].

PMID- 3843769
TI  - [Carcinoid tumor of the appendix with the flush syndrome (apropos of 1 case)].

PMID- 3843770
TI  - [Management of breech presentation in primipara].

PMID- 3843771
TI  - Computer graphics, visual imagery, and spatial thought.

PMID- 3843772
TI  - The social origins of logic: the contributions of Piaget and Vygotsky.

PMID- 3843773
TI  - Peer conflict in pair therapy: clinical and developmental analyses.

PMID- 3843774
TI  - Identity and vocational development.

PMID- 3843775
TI  - Identity and the development of religious thinking.

PMID- 3843776
TI  - Identity in the context of adolescent psychology.

PMID- 3843777
TI  - Identity and political socialization.

PMID- 3843778
TI  - Identity and the choice of social roles.

PMID- 3843779
TI  - Salt, hypertension, and confusion.

PMID- 3843780
TI  - Renal vasculitis and intravascular coagulation.

PMID- 3843781
TI  - Renal vascular phenomena in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).

PMID- 3843782
TI  - Renal involvement in thrombotic microangiopathies.

PMID- 3843783
TI  - Activation of coagulation pathways and fibrin deposition in human
      glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3843784
TI  - Erythropoietin: a hematopoietic hormone produced by the kidney.

PMID- 3843785
TI  - The anemia of chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3843786
TI  - Hemolysis in chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3843787
TI  - Oxygen transport in uremia.

PMID- 3843788
TI  - Iron and folate metabolism in renal failure.

PMID- 3843790
TI  - Fixing the unbroken.

PMID- 3843789
TI  - The role of androgens in the treatment of anemia of chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3843791
TI  - The hematologic disorders of chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3843792
TI  - Leukocyte abnormalities in renal failure and hemodialysis.

PMID- 3843793
TI  - Financing fellowship training.

PMID- 3843794
TI  - Noninvasive diagnostic procedures in renal disease.

PMID- 3843795
TI  - Serology in renal disease: a review.

PMID- 3843796
TI  - Blood and urinary chemistries in the evaluation of renal function.

PMID- 3843797
TI  - Urinary indices and chemistries in the differential diagnosis of prerenal failure
      and acute tubular necrosis.

PMID- 3843798
TI  - Don't ask what it means.

PMID- 3843799
TI  - Renal biopsy.

PMID- 3843800
TI  - Renal biopsy in 1985.

PMID- 3843801
TI  - Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications of the renal biopsy in
      children with renal disease.

PMID- 3843802
TI  - The role of renal biopsy in the management of lupus nephritis.

PMID- 3843803
TI  - The renal biopsy in drug-induced nephropathies.

PMID- 3843804
TI  - Renal biopsy in the adult nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 3843805
TI  - Basement membrane proteoglycans of the kidney.

PMID- 3843807
TI  - A new role for DNA virus early proteins in viral carcinogenesis.
AB  - The T antigen proteins encoded by DNA tumor virus early genes are involved in the
      transformation of normal cells to immortalized neoplastic cells that may or may
      not be tumorigenic in immunocompetent animals. Studies have been made of the
      tumorigenicity of DNA virus-transformed cells and the interactions of these cells
      in vivo and in vitro with immunologically nonspecific host effector cells such as
      natural killer cells and macrophages. The results imply that the T proteins
      determine the capacity of transformed cells to induce tumors by governing the
      level of susceptibility that transformed cells express to destruction by such
      host cellular defenses.

PMID- 3843806
TI  - Urinary and renal tissue kallikrein in the streptozocin-diabetic rat.
AB  - The renal kallikrein-kinin system is thought to participate in blood pressure
      regulation and displays abnormalities in human hypertension, as well as in many
      animal models of hypertension. Urinary excretion and tissue levels of renal
      kallikrein were measured in streptozocin (STZ)-diabetic rats in relation to blood
      pressure, glycemia, and insulin treatment. In study 1, STZ-diabetic rats with
      marked hyperglycemia showed reduced kallikrein-like esterase excretion, compared
      with control rats, when first measured after 7 days of diabetes (9.9 +/- 2.5
      versus 17.5 +/- 2.4 EU/24 h, P less than 0.05). This difference increased with
      time and, after 210 days, urinary esterase excretion in diabetic and control rats
      was 6.7 +/- 2.1 and 39.0 +/- 6.0 EU/24 h, respectively (P less than 0.001). Urine
      kallikrein, measured by radioimmunoassay, was similarly reduced in diabetic rats
      (40.4 +/- 8.0 versus 88.0 +/- 6.5 micrograms/24 h, at 30 days, P less than
      0.001). At 120 days, systolic blood pressures were elevated in diabetic rats (P
      less than 0.05), and at 180 days over 60% of the diabetic rats had pressures
      above the highest pressures of control rats. In study 2, STZ-diabetic rats were
      treated with insulin for 2 wk (2 U NPH at 0800 h, or 2 U NPH at 0800 and 1600 h).
      In the single-dose group, with hyperglycemia similar to that of diabetic rats in
      study 1, kallikrein excretion was reduced as early as day 2, compared with
      nondiabetic rats (56.0 +/- 6.1 versus 109 +/- 9.4 micrograms/24 h, respectively,
      P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3843808
TI  - The Israel experience.

PMID- 3843809
TI  - Women, nursing and feminism: an interview with Alice J. Baumgart, RN, PhD.

PMID- 3843810
TI  - Women and mental health: a feminist view.

PMID- 3843811
TI  - Women's groups: a non-traditional method of mental health treatment.

PMID- 3843812
TI  - Postpartum depression: what is it, what helps?

PMID- 3843813
TI  - Hospital-based midwifery: meeting the needs of childbearing women.

PMID- 3843814
TI  - More effective education for breastfeeding women.

PMID- 3843815
TI  - The revolution in women's health care is happening now.

PMID- 3843817
TI  - Osteoporosis: a detailed look at the clinical manifestations and goals for
      nursing care.

PMID- 3843816
TI  - Osteoporosis: catching the silent thief.

PMID- 3843818
TI  - Premenstrual syndrome.

PMID- 3843819
TI  - State of professional association: President's address.

PMID- 3843820
TI  - Sharing, caring, living, dying.

PMID- 3843821
TI  - Being there.

PMID- 3843823
TI  - Who's in control?

PMID- 3843822
TI  - The best instructor.

PMID- 3843824
TI  - The living will-where it stands.

PMID- 3843825
TI  - Support for the survivor.

PMID- 3843826
TI  - Older widowers: a small group with special needs.

PMID- 3843827
TI  - The nursing home: a setting for student learning.

PMID- 3843828
TI  - A plastic head cover to reduce surgical heat loss.

PMID- 3843829
TI  - Estrogen-depletion urethritis.

PMID- 3843830
TI  - Nutrition. Calcium update.

PMID- 3843831
TI  - Drugs and the elderly. Product-to-product variability.

PMID- 3843832
TI  - [The "practice-research" tandem in preschool screening].

PMID- 3843833
TI  - [A new approach in the treatment of hemophilia patients].

PMID- 3843834
TI  - [Psychosocial and psychosexual aspects of contraception].

PMID- 3843835
TI  - [The immigrants from Latin America. Interview by Al Andrade].

PMID- 3843836
TI  - [The Israel experience].

PMID- 3843837
TI  - [The adolescent mother head of the family. A life of solitude and dependency].

PMID- 3843838
TI  - [Health of the caregiver].

PMID- 3843840
TI  - Purification and characterization of multiple forms of human plasma
      prekallikrein.
AB  - Prekallikrein was purified 1,200-fold in 20% yield from human plasma by DEAE
      cellulose, arginyl-triazinyl-aminododecyl-agarose, Cm-Sephadex C-50, and Sephadex
      G-150 chromatography. Isoelectric focusing of the purified proenzyme gave seven
      peaks, four major ones at pH 8.6, 8.8, 9.1, and 9.3; and three others at pH 7.9,
      8.3, and 9.5. The same IEF profile was obtained from plasma of four individuals
      of three races and both sexes and from three plasma pools, and was not altered by
      using diisopropyl fluorophosphate, benzamidine, or EDTA during fractionation.
      Each major IEF form contained Mr = 88,000 (prekallikrein I) and Mr = 85,000
      (prekallikrein II) species, in increasing ratios of I:II from about 20:1 in
      prekallikrein 8.6 (prekallikrein with pI 8.6) to 1:1 in prekallikrein 9.3. Sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the four zymogens after
      activation by Hageman factor fragment and reduction gave an Mr = 53,000 H-chain
      and two L-chains, LI (Mr = 40,000) and LII (Mr = 37,000). Scanning the gels gave
      LI:LII ratios of 19:1, 5:1, 2:1, and 1:1 for prekallikreins 8.6, 8.8, 9.1, and
      9.3, respectively, corresponding to the prekallikrein I:II ratios. The H-chain in
      turn was split into Mr = 33,000 and 20,000 chains, presumably by autolysis,
      because the cleavage was prevented by soybean trypsin inhibitor. Each major
      kallikrein had a pI 0.1-0.2 lower than its zymogen, but the same LI:LII ratio.
      The four kallikreins were indistinguishable kinetically with human plasma high
      molecular weight kininogen and 15 synthetic substrates, and in correcting the
      activated partial thromboplastin time of prekallikrein-deficient (Fletcher)
      plasma.

PMID- 3843839
TI  - Tumor-specific, hypomodified phenylalanyl-tRNA is utilized in translation in
      preference to the fully modified isoacceptor of normal cells.
AB  - Phenylalanine transfer RNA (tRNAPhe) of mammalian tissues contains the
      hypermodified guanine derivative Y (Wye) adjacent to the 3'-end of the anticodon
      and two O-methylated bases in the 5' portion of the anticodon loop. These
      positions are hypomodified in a variety of tumor cells including a mouse
      neuroblastoma. The normal and tumor-specific Phe-tRNAPhe iso-acceptors were
      prepared from mouse liver and mouse neuroblastoma cells and compared for their
      activity in incorporating phenylalanine into each phenylalanine site of rabbit
      globin in a reticulocyte cell-free protein synthesizing system. The hypomodified
      Phe-tRNAPhe of neuroblastoma cells is generally preferred to the fully modified
      tRNAPhe of liver in globin synthesis by about 15%. This preference is the same in
      the translation of both phenylalanine codons, UUC and UUU, but the ratios of
      incorporation by the Phe-tRNAPhe species vary from site to site within a 2-fold
      range. Only 2 of 16 phenylalanine residues are donated preferentially by the
      fully modified Phe-tRNAPhe. One such residue occurs in beta-42, the second of two
      tandem phenylalanine residues (both encoded by UUC), while the hypomodified
      isoacceptor is preferred in translation of the first residue. This result
      indicates that the translation of tandem residues is particularly affected by the
      tRNAs available. Since the tumor-specific hypomodified Phe-tRNAPhe is generally
      utilized preferntially, it appears that the bulky Y base and/or other
      modifications of normal tRNAPhe may modulate protein synthesis and that tumor
      cells may achieve a growth advantage if their tRNAPhe is hypomodified.

PMID- 3843841
TI  - Processing of precursor tRNAs in Drosophila. Processing of the 3' end involves an
      endonucleolytic cleavage and occurs after 5' end maturation.
AB  - Transfer RNA biosynthesis is a complex process which includes size trimming and
      nucleotide modification of an initial tRNA precursor. We have examined the
      temporal order and the nature of tRNA processing events in a Drosophila in vitro
      transcription/processing system using Drosophila tRNA genes as templates. RNA
      sequence analysis of processing products indicates that processing at both 5' and
      3' ends occurs by endonucleolytic cleavage. The time course of processing of an
      initial tRNA precursor to mature tRNA reveals that trimming at the 5' end
      precedes 3' end maturation.

PMID- 3843842
TI  - Nursing algorithms.
AB  - The search for creative approaches to staffing never ceases. What is correct
      staffing planning? How do you achieve control over your staffing budget? How do
      you justify your budget to the hospital's financial officer? This article
      presents one hospital's modeling technique for projecting labor component
      budgets, establishing a flexible staffing assignment system, and instituting
      reporting systems for control.

PMID- 3843843
TI  - Creating a climate for excellence.
AB  - Some people are motivated to achieve in a manner consistent with the goals of
      their organization while others pursue individual goals. The attitudes people
      hold determine their behavior. Therefore, the manager is charged with creating an
      environment that fosters employee commitment to organizational goals. To create a
      climate for achievement, managers must recognize that all employees want
      recognition. Employees perform more effectively when they understand the goals of
      the organization, know what is expected of them, and are part of a system that
      includes feedback and reinforcement. Generally, people perform more effectively
      in an environment with minimal threat and punishment; individual responsibility
      should be encouraged, rewards based on results, and a climate of trust and open
      communication should prevail.

PMID- 3843844
TI  - A clinical nurse specialist in a line management position.
AB  - The authors describe their experiences utilizing a clinical nurse specialist in a
      middle management role in an organizational framework to support primary nursing.
      They describe the original design and planning of the organizational model 12
      years ago, the administrative supports that have been added in the intervening
      years, and how professional and administrative authority are integrated by the
      clinical nurse specialist in a line position.

PMID- 3843845
TI  - Managing staff cutbacks.
AB  - This article describes practical steps in managing organizational retrenchment in
      nursing. The authors examine the following steps in the process: determining the
      cutback need, figuring the cuts, implementing the cutback plan, managing the
      feelings of loss, and achieving a new stability.

PMID- 3843846
TI  - Communicating personal power through nonverbal behavior.

PMID- 3843847
TI  - Mentor matching.

PMID- 3843848
TI  - Study designs: matching form with purpose.

PMID- 3843849
TI  - Control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in an Australian
      metropolitan teaching hospital complex.
AB  - In April 1982, a patient infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
      aureus (MRSA) was transferred to the Royal Perth Hospital from the Royal Darwin
      Hospital. Within three months, 19 patients and four staff members had become
      infected or colonized with MRSA. The outbreak was terminated only after all
      colonized inpatients were transferred to a separate isolation unit. After the
      outbreak, all new patients and new employees who had been in hospitals outside
      Western Australia in the previous 12 months were screened. From June 1, 1982, to
      June 30, 1984, 28 of the 649 patients (4.3%) screened on admission to the Royal
      Perth Hospital were found to be harbouring MRSA. During the same period only one
      of the 468 persons (0.2%) screened on application for employment at the Hospital
      was found to be colonized with MRSA. Since the policy of screening new patients
      and staff from hospitals outside Western Australia was introduced, no serious
      outbreak of MRSA has occurred.

PMID- 3843850
TI  - Genetics and epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated
      in a Western Australian hospital.
AB  - Strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in the
      Royal Perth Hospital (RPH) in Western Australia have been analysed genetically
      and three main types were characterized: (i) strains similar to those isolated in
      Europe before 1973. These strains caused small outbreaks in the RPH during the
      period 1966-1974, but have not been isolated in recent years, except from one
      patient with reactivation of osteomyelitis after 16 years; (ii) strains of the
      type prevalent in eastern and northern Australia, one of which caused a difficult
      to-control outbreak in the RPH in 1982. Strains of this type have previously been
      isolated only from patients who had been in hospitals in eastern and northern
      Australia, but recently were isolated also from other patients--which indicates
      that this type of MRSA is now present in the Western Australian community; and
      (iii) strains, which are genetically different from either of the above two
      types, were isolated from patients who had been in hospitals in Southeast Asia,
      but have not yet caused an outbreak in the RPH.

PMID- 3843851
TI  - MRSA revisited.

PMID- 3843852
TI  - An eternal flame.

PMID- 3843853
TI  - Determining priorities for the multiple trauma patient (nursing grand rounds).

PMID- 3843854
TI  - Action stat! Dislodged trach tube.

PMID- 3843855
TI  - Assessing heart sounds.

PMID- 3843856
TI  - Should you trust automatic blood pressure monitors?

PMID- 3843857
TI  - What to expect when your patient's scheduled for mitral valve replacement.

PMID- 3843858
TI  - Administering glucagon in an emergency.

PMID- 3843859
TI  - The ins & outs of informed consent.

PMID- 3843860
TI  - How to take charge when you're put in in charge.

PMID- 3843861
TI  - Test yourself. Do you know all your legal risk?

PMID- 3843862
TI  - Understanding the law: organ donation.

PMID- 3843863
TI  - Easing the family's pain: organ donation.

PMID- 3843864
TI  - Behavioral changes in an elderly, dehydrated man. What's wrong with this patient?

PMID- 3843865
TI  - Dr. Cornwall was obsessed with A.I.D.S.

PMID- 3843866
TI  - Using a local anesthetic for I.V. insertion: boon or bane?

PMID- 3843867
TI  - Shock: detecting it soon enough to save your patient: 9 more fast refreshers.

PMID- 3843868
TI  - The demanding patient.

PMID- 3843869
TI  - The nurse as a professional: gaining the respect we deserve.

PMID- 3843870
TI  - When ethics clash: helping patients caught between religion and medicine.

PMID- 3843871
TI  - 7 tips to make you a better leader.

PMID- 3843872
TI  - When can patients give informed consent?

PMID- 3843874
TI  - A description of nurse practitioners' practice in occupational health settings.

PMID- 3843873
TI  - Rehabilitation assessment: a practical guide for the occupational health nurse.

PMID- 3843876
TI  - Occupational health nursing--a twofold challenge.

PMID- 3843875
TI  - The influence of a master's degree on salary levels among occupational health
      nurses.

PMID- 3843877
TI  - Hypothenar hammer syndrome: a commonly undetected occupational hazard.

PMID- 3843878
TI  - Powerlessness among occupational health nurses.

PMID- 3843879
TI  - Hospital occupational health: a prescription for change.

PMID- 3843880
TI  - Occupational health in developing countries and the status of occupational health
      nursing.

PMID- 3843881
TI  - Research in the mainstream of occupational health nursing.

PMID- 3843882
TI  - Evaluation of health promotion.

PMID- 3843884
TI  - Nursing Mirror research forum. Barriers to sympathy.

PMID- 3843883
TI  - Nursing Mirror research forum. Understanding emotional need.

PMID- 3843885
TI  - Listen, learn and act.

PMID- 3843886
TI  - Nursing-images and reality. Marsden lecture.

PMID- 3843887
TI  - Areas of dispute.

PMID- 3843888
TI  - Manpower planning: art or science?

PMID- 3843889
TI  - Swallow your pride, or lose your job?

PMID- 3843890
TI  - A day in bed.

PMID- 3843891
TI  - Breaking the ice.

PMID- 3843892
TI  - Community/out-patient nursing. 1. Smooth transition.

PMID- 3843893
TI  - Where there's life.

PMID- 3843894
TI  - New Year resolution: the rights of admission.

PMID- 3843895
TI  - Heroin: facts and comparisons.

PMID- 3843896
TI  - Analgesic consultation.

PMID- 3843897
TI  - When a nurse doesn't fit the job.

PMID- 3843898
TI  - Why research and nursing belong together.

PMID- 3843899
TI  - How I renewed my commitment to nursing.

PMID- 3843900
TI  - What to do after CPR.

PMID- 3843901
TI  - 119 days in the ICU: nursing Buster back from the brink.

PMID- 3843902
TI  - Pain; portable relief for terminal patients.

PMID- 3843903
TI  - You can manage chest tubes confidently.

PMID- 3843905
TI  - Dealing with hypothermia and frostbite.

PMID- 3843904
TI  - The frightening cost of ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 3843906
TI  - Controlling the damage of frostbite.

PMID- 3843907
TI  - Do nurses get special treatment when they're patients?

PMID- 3843908
TI  - Special treatment? Who needs it!

PMID- 3843909
TI  - What you can learn from the platelet count.

PMID- 3843910
TI  - Minimizing sensory alterations of the unplanned cesarean delivery.

PMID- 3843911
TI  - Maintenance of sensory equilibrium for the critical care nurse.

PMID- 3843913
TI  - Effective communication as an intervention for sensory deprivation in the elderly
      client.

PMID- 3843912
TI  - Prevention of sensory deprivation for the COPD victim's spouse.

PMID- 3843914
TI  - Sleep deprivation or postpartum blues?

PMID- 3843915
TI  - Nursing single men's hostel.

PMID- 3843916
TI  - Seat belt legislation.

PMID- 3843917
TI  - Why choose nursing?

PMID- 3843918
TI  - When it isn't life or death.

PMID- 3843919
TI  - Inspiring hope.

PMID- 3843920
TI  - Burn care. The rehab guide.

PMID- 3843921
TI  - Nurses speak out on patients and drug regimens.

PMID- 3843922
TI  - Cardiac catheterization of the neonate.

PMID- 3843923
TI  - A fair prospect for infection control.

PMID- 3843925
TI  - Nurses--the final guardians.

PMID- 3843924
TI  - IOM Committee releases NIH study report.

PMID- 3843926
TI  - A new elastase inhibitor from Streptococcus pneumoniae protects against acute
      lung injury induced by neutrophil granules.
AB  - A neutrophil elastase-inhibitor isolated from lysed pneumococcal cells, as well
      as trypsin-digest peptides derived from this factor, were tested for their
      ability to suppress acute lung injury in mice treated with human neutrophil
      granule extracts. Injury was assessed by measuring pulmonary sequestration of
      circulating 125I-labeled albumin, lung water, and lung hemoglobin. Both the
      native inhibitor and the tryptic-peptides gave good protection when preincubated
      with granule extract for brief periods before intrapulmonary instillation.
      Lesser, but still significant, protection was observed in the absence of
      preincubation. Protection was not simply due to addition of exogenous proteins to
      the granule extract because substitution of goat immunoglobulin for pneumococcal
      fraction was ineffective. These results suggest that pneumococcal elastase
      inhibitors, recently described by us, may play a role in minimizing lung injury
      during pneumococcal pneumonia.

PMID- 3843927
TI  - Vanadate-dependent NADH oxidation in microsomal membranes of sugar beet.
AB  - Microsomal membranes isolated from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. GWD-2)
      storage tissue were found to contain a Na3VO4-dependent system for the oxidation
      of NADH. The system was demonstrated to be enzymatic in nature and specific for
      Na3VO4. Maximal Na3VO4-dependent NADH oxidation was observed at pH 6.5, when
      Na3VO4 was present at 200 microM and when NADH was present at 100 microM. The
      oxidation activity was insensitive to rotenone and antimycin A but was inhibited
      by NaN3, NaCN, and quinacrine. Sodium vanadate-dependent NADH oxidation occurred
      with a concomitant uptake of O2 from the assay solution. Both NADH oxidation and
      O2 consumption were dependent upon the presence of Na3VO4, inhibited by
      manganese, and preferred NADH to NADPH. Catalase prevented Na3VO4-dependent O2
      consumption but accelerated NADH oxidation. The effects of manganese and catalase
      suggest that superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide may be involved in this
      process. While it is unclear as to the physiological significance of Na3VO4
      dependent NADH oxidation in plant cells, the presence of this system indicates
      that caution must be exercised when coupled ATPase assays depending upon NADH
      oxidation are used with plant membranes in the presence of Na3VO4.

PMID- 3843928
TI  - Isolation and characterization of rat plasma glandular kallikrein.
AB  - A method has been developed to purify glandular kallikrein present in rat plasma
      by using Sepharose-Aprotinin affinity chromatography and elution of the enzyme
      with p-aminobenzamidine. The isolated enzyme liberated kinins from kininogen II
      of low molecular weight (sp. act. 14 ng kinins/min X mg) and p-nitroaniline (pNA)
      from the substrate S-2266 (sp. act. 1.23 nmoles pNA/min X mg); it was inhibited
      by aprotinin, benzamidine and rat urinary antikallikrein antibody but not by
      ovomucoid. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the enzymatic activities of the
      preparation were associated with two light protein bands of molecular weights
      equal to that of urinary kallikrein (35,000 daltons). Using this method, the
      recovery of [125I]kallikrein added to the plasma was 82-88%. The concentration of
      the enzyme in normal rat plasma was equivalent to 6.1 +/- 2.1 (S.D.) ng
      kallikrein/ml. The mean value found in nephrectomized rats was 20.0 +/- 6.3
      (S.D.) ng kallikrein/ml. This increment was highly significant (P less than
      0.001). Our results confirm the presence of glandular kallikrein in plasma which
      had been detected by other methods; they also demonstrate that the material
      purified from plasma is enzymatically active, suggesting that kallikrein may play
      a biological role in the control of blood circulation.

PMID- 3843929
TI  - Binding of Cerebratulus cytolysin A-III to human erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - Binding of Cerebratulus lacteus cytolysin A-III to intact human erythrocytes and
      erythrocyte membranes has been investigated. Binding to ghosts is essentially
      complete within 2.5 min of mixing which is slightly faster than the rate of
      hemolysis measured with intact cells. Approximately 4 X 10(4) binding sites per
      cell, exhibiting a K 0.5 of 0.7 microM exist; this compares with 50% hematocrit
      of about 0.3 microM for A-III. Binding is absent in ghosts extracted with Nonidet
      P-40, but is unaffected by pretreatment of ghosts with either trypsin or
      elastase.

PMID- 3843930
TI  - Medical devices: where should learning begin?

PMID- 3843931
TI  - Primary health care team: more nurses needed.

PMID- 3843932
TI  - Cot deaths: keeping watch.

PMID- 3843933
TI  - The nursing process: making it work.

PMID- 3843934
TI  - The nursing process. Delivering the goods.

PMID- 3843936
TI  - Leg ulcers.

PMID- 3843935
TI  - Bard nursing award: cooperation through core courses.

PMID- 3843937
TI  - Matters for concern: if divorce is inevitable, plan for the future.

PMID- 3843938
TI  - Practice nurses. Training the 5000.

PMID- 3843939
TI  - Nursing the critically ill child in an adult ICU.

PMID- 3843941
TI  - Preventing ventricular dysrhythmia following myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3843940
TI  - Preventing gastric wrap complications.

PMID- 3843943
TI  - Dealing with unsafe requests.

PMID- 3843942
TI  - Do not resuscitate: when nurses' duties conflict with patients' rights.

PMID- 3843944
TI  - Dealing with a dilemma.

PMID- 3843945
TI  - Timeout: facing death in the ICU.

PMID- 3843946
TI  - The critical care to home care program: a career opportunity.

PMID- 3843947
TI  - Reducing family hostility.

PMID- 3843948
TI  - Aiding the person who is visually impaired from diabetes.

PMID- 3843949
TI  - The National Task Force on Diabetes and Blindness.

PMID- 3843950
TI  - Who said TV is just for entertainment.

PMID- 3843951
TI  - Video teacher: peer instruction.

PMID- 3843952
TI  - Reagent strip performance as evaluated by a meter.

PMID- 3843953
TI  - Ethnic tailoring improves dietary compliance.

PMID- 3843954
TI  - Auckland Diabetes Centre.

PMID- 3843956
TI  - Individualizing the nutrition plan for the person with diabetes.

PMID- 3843955
TI  - A team approach to ... dietary problems of an adolescent.

PMID- 3843957
TI  - [Antimicrobial prevention of bacterial endocarditis].

PMID- 3843958
TI  - Pulmonary function in elastase-treated guinea pigs and rats exposed to ammonium
      sulfate or ammonium nitrate aerosols.
AB  - Three weeks following intratracheal instillations of elastase dissolved in
      saline, or saline alone, guinea pigs and rats were exposed for 5 or 20 days, 6
      hr/day, 5 days/week to filtered room air, 1 mg/m3 ammonium sulfate [NH4)2SO4) or
      1 mg/m3 ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) aerosols. Pulmonary function evaluations
      conducted in guinea pigs showed no detrimental effects of (NH4)2SO4 or NH4NO3
      exposure and very little effect of elastase treatment. Lung function changes in
      elastase-treated rats were consistent with a condition of experimentally induced
      pulmonary emphysema. Rats exposed to NH4NO3 aerosols showed no consistent
      exposure-related changes. Compared with air-exposed animals, rats exposed to
      (NH4)2SO4 aerosols had increased values of residual volume and functional
      residual capacity and decreased slope of single-breath N2 washout curves. We
      conclude that elastase treatment had no significant effect on lung function
      changes resulting from inhalation of (NH4)2SO4 aerosols. Lung function was more
      affected by (NH4)2SO4 exposure than by NH4NO3 exposure, and lung function changes
      were more pronounced in rats than in guinea pigs.

PMID- 3843959
TI  - Regulation of the activity of eukaryotic peptide elongation factor 1 by
      autocatalytic phosphorylation.
AB  - Highly purified peptide elongation factor 1 from rabbit reticulocytes liberates
      the terminal phosphate from [gamma-32P]GTP and incorporates it into its own
      protein. Approximately one phosphate residue becomes bound by one molecule of the
      factor. Only the eEF-1 alpha subunit of the factor (Mr 53 000) becomes
      phosphorylated as revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence
      of sodium dodecyl sulfate followed by autoradiography and by the incubation of
      [gamma-32P]GTP with individual subunits of the elongation factor separated by
      chromatofocusing in the presence of 5 M urea. The phosphorylation also takes
      place, though to a lesser extent, if the factor is incubated with Na2H32PO4,
      probably due to the presence of endogenous GTP bound in the molecule of the
      factor. The content of endogenous GTP in various factor preparations was 0.21
      0.43 mol/mol factor. Phosphorylation of the peptide elongation factor is ribosome
      independent, acid-labile and apparently autocatalytic since no other proteins are
      required for this reaction. Preincubation of the factor with GTP or with
      inorganic phosphate results in the phosphorylation of the factor and is followed
      by an enhanced binding of phenylalanyl-tRNA to 80S ribosomes in the presence of
      poly(U). This is accompanied by a dephosphorylation of the factor protein and
      thus the reversible autophosphorylation of the factor apparently activates its
      binding site for aminoacyl-tRNA. This is supported by the observation that sodium
      fluoride, which inhibits the dephosphorylation of the factor, blocks the factor
      catalyzed binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes. The incorporation of phosphate
      into factor protein also inhibits the formation of an eEF-1 X GDP complex, which
      is inactive in protein synthesis. Thus GDP liberated by the GTPase activity of
      the factor cannot affect its binding site for aminoacyl-tRNA. This may be the
      other reason for the enhanced activity of the phosphorylated factor. The
      autocatalytic GTP-dependent phosphorylation of the peptide elongation factor 1
      apparently modifies its function and may thus play a regulatory role in protein
      synthesis.

PMID- 3843960
TI  - The role of cholesteryl 14-methylhexadecanoate in the function of eukaryotic
      peptide elongation factor 1.
AB  - The binding of [3H]cholesteryl 14-methylhexadecanoate by a highly purified
      peptide elongation factor 1 from rabbit reticulocytes is significantly enhanced
      by GTP and CTP, much less by guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma-methylene]-triphosphate
      and not at all by ATP or UTP. Removal of endogenous cholesteryl 14
      methylhexadecanoate present in the molecule of the factor [Hradec, J. et al.
      (1971) Biochem. J. 123, 959-966] by digestion with immobilized cholesterol
      esterase resulted in an almost complete loss of GTPase activity and this could be
      restored to nearly normal values by the addition of the ester. The same holds
      true for the GTP-dependent autophosphorylation of the protein-synthesis factor.
      Cholesteryl 14-methylhexadecanoate was bound only by the beta subunit of the
      factor. Addition of the alpha subunit, which was inactive on its own, stimulated
      the binding of the ester to the beta subunit in a sigmoid dependence. The binding
      of the ester was significantly stimulated by aminoacyl-tRNA but this effect was
      fully abolished by sodium fluoride, indicating a relation of cholesteryl 14
      methylhexadecanoate to the dephosphorylation of the peptide elongation factor.
      Treatment of the factor with cholesterol esterase decreased its activity in the
      poly(U)-dependent binding of phenylalanyl-tRNA to ribosome and this activity was
      again restored by the addition of cholesteryl 14-methylhexadecanoate. The ester
      thus interacts with the GTP-dependent autophosphorylation of peptide elongation
      factor 1 and in this way modulates the activity of the factor. A putative scheme
      is presented explaining the mode of action of cholesteryl 14-methylhexadecanoate.

PMID- 3843961
TI  - Pulmonary vascular injury in pancreatitis: evidence for a major role played by
      pancreatic elastase.
AB  - Using an experimental model of pancreatitis in the rat, the role of trypsin and
      elastase in mediating lung vascular injury in this condition was examined. The
      induction of pancreatitis by injection of sodium cholate in the pancreas resulted
      in a significant decrease in serum trypsin inhibitory capacity, and in a complete
      saturation of serum elastase inhibitory capacity matched by the appearance of
      endothelial injury of pulmonary capillaries and edema formation. The complete
      lack of serum elastase inhibitory capacity was associated with the presence of
      elastase activity in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids. The
      pretreatment of animals with N-furoyl saccharin (a potent inhibitor of many
      serine proteinases) prevented lung capillary injury and the imbalance of serum
      proteinase-anti-proteinase activities as well as the appearance of any
      elastolytic activity in serum and BAL fluids. These findings which clearly
      demonstrate the protease dependence of the pulmonary vascular injury in our
      experimental model, strongly suggested a major role for elastase(s). The
      suppression, in the experimental model, of the serum elastase inhibitory capacity
      by using chloramine-T resulted in an earlier onset of lung vascular damage, a
      marked worsening of pulmonary lesions, and an increase of elastolytic levels in
      serum and BAL fluids. Furthermore the physical properties of the protein molecule
      with enzyme activity detected in BAL fluids were consistent with those of rat
      pancreatic elastase. The reported data strongly support the hypothesis that
      pancreatic elastase plays a major role in the development of pulmonary vascular
      injury after acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 3843962
TI  - The vasoactive proteins in human urine.
AB  - We have purified vasoactive polypeptides from the urine of normotensive humans by
      gel filtration on Sephadex G150 superfine ionic exchange chromatography on DEAE
      cellulose and isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels using a pharmalyte pH
      range of 2.5-5.0. The purified polypeptide fraction yielded four bands by
      isoelectric focusing with isoelectric points at pH 4.15, 4.05, 3.9 and 3.8. On
      dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) two bands appeared,
      one small band with a Mr of 29 000 and one broad band ranging from Mr 49 000 to
      Mr 42 500. The polypeptides lower the blood pressure of rabbits in a bioassay and
      cleave D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-arginine-4-nitroanilide with a specific activity
      comparable to that of kallikrein.

PMID- 3843963
TI  - Nursing: a woman's field.

PMID- 3843965
TI  - The International Council of Nurses.

PMID- 3843964
TI  - The world of nursing student associations.

PMID- 3843966
TI  - An international experience.

PMID- 3843967
TI  - International nurses in action.

PMID- 3843968
TI  - Nurses' image: early perceptions.

PMID- 3843969
TI  - A comparison of ranitidine with cimetidine in short term treatment of duodenal
      ulcer.

PMID- 3843970
TI  - Clinical profile of irritable bowel syndrome.

PMID- 3843971
TI  - Ulcerative colitis--prevalence in socio-economic groups.

PMID- 3843973
TI  - Portal hypertension in India.

PMID- 3843972
TI  - Endoscopic sphincterotomy in the management of obstructive biliary tract diseases
      -a preliminary report.

PMID- 3843974
TI  - Achalasia cardia in infancy--a case report.

PMID- 3843975
TI  - Primary omental torsion presenting as acute peritonitis.

PMID- 3843976
TI  - Ranitidine vs cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 3843977
TI  - Polypoid lipohyperplasia of the ileocaecal valve in a young male.

PMID- 3843978
TI  - Current status of endoscopic sclerotherapy.

PMID- 3843979
TI  - [Grounds for the existence of pornography].

PMID- 3843981
TI  - [Reflections on institutional violence].

PMID- 3843980
TI  - [The abused wife in a sexist society].

PMID- 3843982
TI  - [Sound teeth and gums throughout the maternity cycle. Why not?].

PMID- 3843983
TI  - [Menopause: a holistic approach].

PMID- 3843984
TI  - [Patient care planning in a nursing home].

PMID- 3843985
TI  - [Point blank: suicide].

PMID- 3843987
TI  - [OIIQ takes steps towards disaffiliation from CNA].

PMID- 3843986
TI  - [Services for better countering cancer].

PMID- 3843988
TI  - Abbreviated surveillance of nosocomial urinary tract infections: a new approach.
AB  - An abbreviated method for the surveillance of nosocomial urinary tract infection
      is described. Combining desirable features of both active and passive
      surveillance, this new method involves concurrent review of microbiology reports.
      Compared to traditional active surveillance methods which require review of
      individual patient charts, the abbreviated method requires only one-fifth the
      time commitment while maintaining a 98% sensitivity. Although some degree of
      overestimation is inherent in this method, the primary goals of surveillance-
      monitoring infection rates and identifying clusters of infection--should be
      preserved.

PMID- 3843989
TI  - A multi-hospital hepatitis B vaccine program: prevalence of antibody and
      acceptance of vaccination among high-risk hospital employees.
AB  - In July 1982, five Hartford hospitals embarked on a joint hospital-sponsored
      program to immunize high-risk employees against hepatitis B virus (HBV). The
      program included a questionnaire to characterize relative risk, serology for anti
      HBs, vaccination and a follow-up survey of vaccine non-recipients. Of 2,065
      employees who were considered to be at high-risk for infection with HBV, 1,894
      (91.7%) responded to the screening questionnaire and 1,279 (67.5%) were tested
      for anti-HBs serology. The prevalence of antibody varied from hospital to
      hospital; the highest prevalence (10.9%) was observed at one of the urban
      university-affiliated community hospitals and the lowest prevalence (4.1%) was
      reported from the smaller, rural hospital. The prevalence of antibody also varied
      greatly within the high-risk groups; the highest prevalence of antibody was seen
      among surgical house officers (15%). The rate of acceptance of vaccine among
      hospitals ranged from 57.5% to 23.7%. Reasons for vaccine non-acceptance included
      fear of as yet unknown side effects, perceived low risk of hepatitis acquisition
      and possible effects on present or future pregnancies. Our experience illustrates
      some of the epidemiologic and practical aspects that must be addressed in
      administering a hospital-based HBV vaccine program. Among the five hospitals, we
      saw marked inter- and intra-hospital variations in the prevalence of anti-HBs
      among high-risk employees. More significantly, we observed unexpectedly low rates
      of vaccine acceptance among high-risk personnel.

PMID- 3843990
TI  - Needle punctures--documentation and incidence rate calculation.

PMID- 3843991
TI  - Air hand dryer or paper towel dispensers?

PMID- 3843992
TI  - The merits of alcohol as a skin degerming agent.

PMID- 3843993
TI  - Disposable needle and syringe containers.
AB  - Needle/syringe disposal in health care facilities should comply with current CDC,
      JCAH, and EPA recommendations. Most state laws require that needle/syringes be
      rendered inoperable for future use. However, this does not necessarily mean that
      needles have to be broken or bent. Needles/syringes that are placed in a puncture
      and leak-proof container that are eventually autoclaved or incinerated should
      satisfy the intent of these regulations. It must be emphasized that currently no
      data are available from controlled studies examining the effect, if any, of these
      devices on the incidence of needle-transmissible infections. However, common
      sense dictates that the new disposable containers are easier and safer to use and
      therefore should contribute to decreasing the incidence of needle puncture
      accidents among health care workers. A comprehensive program aimed at minimizing
      needle-stick accidents should address not only disposal devices and their
      accessibility at key locations, but also periodic inservice education.

PMID- 3843994
TI  - Infection control--a progress report.

PMID- 3843995
TI  - Aberrant ventricular conduction during atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 3843996
TI  - Pacemaker syndrome.

PMID- 3843997
TI  - Endotracheal tube suctioning/manual hyperventilation procedure on patients with
      severe closed head injuries.

PMID- 3843998
TI  - The effects of oxygen and hyperinflation on arterial oxygen tension after
      endotracheal suctioning.
AB  - The effects of hyperinflation and increasing the FIO2 to 1.0 on PaO2 after
      endotracheal suctioning were examined in 28 patients after cardiac surgery. The
      changes in PaO2 immediately after and at 5- and 10-minutes after suctioning were
      compared with control values. Hyperinflation at the patient's baseline FIO2
      produced a mean decrease in PaO2 of 18 mm Hg immediately after suctioning in over
      75% of the sample. Preoxygenation with an increase in the ventilator FIO2 to 1.0
      produced a mean increase in PaO2 of 48 mm Hg in 75% of the sample. Delivering
      preoxygenation by hyperinflation provided greater protection for all patients
      with a mean increase in PaO2 of 100 mm Hg. No statistically significant
      differences existed between the 5- and 10-minute PaO2 value and the control PaO2
      values for any of the procedures. Experimental hyperinflation was aborted in two
      patients who experienced significant hypotension in association with the
      hyperinflation. The hypotension was transient, with arterial blood pressure
      immediately returning to baseline values on termination of the experimental
      hyperinflation. In conclusion, 100% oxygen administered by hyperinflation for 1
      minute before and after endotracheal suctioning protects patients after cardiac
      surgery from a fall in PaO2. Because hyperinflation can cause alterations in
      arterial blood pressure and heart rate, these vital signs should be visually
      monitored during the endotracheal suctioning procedure.

PMID- 3843999
TI  - Brief psychotherapy after survival from cardiac arrest.

PMID- 3844000
TI  - Nurse-patient interaction in the intensive care unit.
AB  - Patients in the ICU, especially those who are unable to communicate verbally,
      need sensitive and individualized communication to prevent feelings of isolation
      and alienation and to promote continued socialization throughout their
      hospitalization and return to the community. The results of this study indicate
      that the quality and effect of the interactions between nurses and intubated
      patients in the ICU require further study to delineate the factors that
      contribute to the effective or ineffective communication. We believe that the
      Categories of Nurse-Patient Interaction that was developed for this study is
      useful and practical measure of nurse-patient interaction in the ICU.

PMID- 3844001
TI  - Real nurses may not always fill up the flow sheets.

PMID- 3844002
TI  - Adherence and self-care.

PMID- 3844003
TI  - The stress, social support, and burnout of critical care nurses: the results of
      research.

PMID- 3844004
TI  - The effects of body position on oxygenation.

PMID- 3844005
TI  - Cold agglutinin syndrome: nursing management.
AB  - Although cold agglutinin syndrome rarely results in an acute hemolytic episode,
      consideration should be given to the potential problems that exist when cold
      agglutinins are present. This autoimmune response may be present in an acute or
      chronic form. Viral and bacterial infections, especially mycoplasma pneumonia,
      may precipitate acute CAS, whereas, chronic CAS may be idiopathic or associated
      with malignant lymphoma. Both acute and chronic CAS may result in RBC hemolysis
      as the IgM antibody reacts with the I-antigen on the RBC, setting the complement
      cascade into action. Therefore, screening for cold agglutinins should be done
      before any procedure that would introduce cold fluids into the body, e.g., blood
      transfusions and cold cardioplegia during coronary artery bypass surgery.

PMID- 3844006
TI  - The patient with lupus nephritis: a nursing perspective.

PMID- 3844007
TI  - Sterility of prefilled thermodilution cardiac output syringes maintained at room
      and ice temperatures.

PMID- 3844008
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the lung presenting with pericardial tamponade: report of a
      case and review of the literature.
AB  - In a patient with cancer, a diagnosis of cardiac tamponade should be considered
      when there is dyspnea, cough, thready pulse or pulsus paradoxus, low systolic
      blood pressure, engorged neck veins, an enlarged cardiac silhouette, and total or
      ventricular electrical alternans. Immediate pericardiocentesis is indicated in
      such patients to avoid the risk of sudden death. A pericardial window should be
      created for more prolonged palliation of cardiac tamponade. Cytologic examination
      of the pericardial fluid often reveals malignant or highly suspect cells.
      Metastatic carcinomas from the lung and breast are the most common tumors that
      involve the heart when they spread in a retrograde fashion through the cardiac
      lymphatic system. Total pericardiectomy for the treatment of cardiac tamponade
      that is due to cancer is not generally advisable. Radiation therapy in the
      cardiac area with or without systemic chemotherapy is effective in decreasing the
      amount and the recurrence of neoplastic pericardial effusion.

PMID- 3844009
TI  - A respiratory profile from a hand-held computer.
AB  - A pocket computer would be of great use to the clinician, both in and out of an
      intensive care unit setting. Specialized, smaller, less expensive calculators
      that are preprogrammed with cardiorespiratory and other profiles will appear on
      the market and may become as useful a clinical aid as the stethoscope. This
      article describes a simple respiratory profile that will help the clinician
      logically approach a respiratory problem.

PMID- 3844010
TI  - Monitoring urinary bladder temperature.
AB  - We evaluated bladder, rectal, and esophageal temperatures compared with
      nasopharyngeal temperatures in 12 patients who underwent cardiac surgery that
      required CPB. Changes in bladder temperature lagged behind those of esophageal
      and nasopharyngeal temperature during rapid cooling and rewarming. Changes in
      rectal temperature were the slowest. Bladder and rectal temperatures were similar
      after surgery. Monitoring bladder temperature represents the core temperature in
      a steady state.

PMID- 3844011
TI  - Bradycardia and hypotension after propranolol HCl and verapamil.

PMID- 3844012
TI  - Cooperativity in low-affinity Mg2+ binding to tRNA.
AB  - The Pb2+-catalyzed cleavage of tRNAPhe has been used to probe the effect of Na+
      and Mg2+ binding to tRNA. Na+ is a noncompetitive inhibitor of the Pb2+-catalyzed
      cleavage. Millimolar Mg2+ is also a noncompetitive inhibitor. Analysis of the
      Mg2+ data show that at least two sites are involved in binding and that there is
      an interaction between the sites (cooperativity). Low-affinity Mg2+ binding is
      thus different from "weak" and "strong" Mg2+ binding to tRNA characterized
      previously. We postulate that the alterations induced by low-affinity Mg2+
      binding in tRNA mimic to some extent those brought about in RNA by the
      interaction with a protein factor and that at appropriate [Mg2+] the whole
      structure of tRNA is able to respond in a concerted way to a signal from the
      environment such as aminoacylation or codon binding.

PMID- 3844013
TI  - Functional analysis of fractionated Drosophila Kc cell tRNA gene transcription
      components.
AB  - We have previously described the partial purification of RNA polymerase III
      transcription components from Drosophila Kc cell extracts (Burke, D. J., Schaack,
      J., Sharp, S., and Soll, D. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 15224-15231). Here we
      report further physical and functional analysis of the two transcription-required
      fractions designated as factors B and C. Using stable complex formation
      competition experiments with ordered addition of these transcription components,
      we have shown that factor C associates rapidly with the tRNA gene, but will not
      form a stable complex with the DNA in the absence of factor B. Reconstitution
      experiments of the individual Drosophila Kc cell factors with those from human
      HeLa cells demonstrated that the HeLa factor B, combined with Kc factor C, can
      form active transcription complexes. These now exhibit a property of the
      Drosophila system, a strong dependence on sequences in the 5'-flanking regions of
      tRNA genes. However, the Kc factor B (which has an apparent molecular weight of
      260,000 as judged by gel filtration analysis) is not compatible with the HeLa
      factor C. These results, together with the isolation of a large complex
      containing all necessary transcription components, emphasize the importance of
      the interaction of these components for both stable complex formation and
      transcription initiation.

PMID- 3844014
TI  - Entry of diphtheria toxin linked to concanavalin A into primate and murine cells.
AB  - Diphtheria toxin linked by a disulfide bridge to concanavalin A was highly toxic
      to HeLa S3 and Vero cells, as well as to murine L cells. The cells could be
      protected with alpha-methyl mannoside, indicating that the conjugate binds mainly
      through its concanavalin A moiety. Treatment of Vero cells with phospholipase C,
      TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate), and vanadate, which strongly reduce
      the ability of the cells to bind free diphtheria toxin, had little protective
      effect against the conjugate, whereas SITS (L-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-stilbene
      2,2'disulfonic acid), which inhibits diphtheria toxin binding, as well as the
      subsequent entry, protected Vero cells, but not L cells. Both types of cells are
      protected against the conjugate by NH4Cl and monensin, indicating that an
      acidified compartment is necessary for entry into the cytosol. Exposure of cells,
      bound with surface conjugate, to low pH induced entry of the toxin into Vero
      cells, but not into L Cells. Phospholipase C, TPA, and vanadate did not protect L
      cells against the conjugate. It is concluded that toxin in the conjugate enters L
      cells by a route which involves low pH, but which is not identical to that in
      Vero cells.

PMID- 3844015
TI  - The Kock continent ileal reservoir: an alternative to the conventional urostomy.

PMID- 3844016
TI  - Crises intervention techniques for the ET nurse.

PMID- 3844017
TI  - High-pressure wound irrigation.

PMID- 3844018
TI  - Myths and misconceptions of pressure sore management.

PMID- 3844019
TI  - The artificial urinary sphincter.

PMID- 3844020
TI  - Educating leaders in gerontology. Doctoral preparation for gerontological
      nursing.

PMID- 3844021
TI  - Do nurses stereotype the aged?

PMID- 3844022
TI  - Incontinence: defining the nursing role.

PMID- 3844023
TI  - They call it Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3844024
TI  - Day care for dementia patients.

PMID- 3844025
TI  - It's tournament time--dartball, that is!

PMID- 3844026
TI  - Beginning nursing students can change attitudes about the aged.

PMID- 3844027
TI  - Nurse-midwifery trends: some reflections.

PMID- 3844028
TI  - Quickening and auscultation of fetal heart tones as estimators of the gestational
      interval. A review.

PMID- 3844030
TI  - A pilot project for training traditional birth attendants.

PMID- 3844029
TI  - Management of delivery by United States certified nurse-midwives.

PMID- 3844031
TI  - Midwifery management of end-stage decelerations.

PMID- 3844032
TI  - Incorporation of a nurse-midwifery practice.

PMID- 3844033
TI  - The experience of menarche: an exploratory study.

PMID- 3844034
TI  - Amino acid derived latent isocyanates: irreversible inactivation of porcine
      pancreatic elastase and human leukocyte elastase.
AB  - Several amino acid derived azolides (I) have been synthesized and investigated
      for their inhibitory activity toward human leukocyte elastase and porcine
      pancreatic elastase. The inhibitory activity was found to be dependent on the
      nature of the precursor amino acid ester. Thus, compounds derived from L-valine
      methyl ester 3, L-norvaline methyl ester 5, DL-norleucine methyl ester 9, and L
      methionine methyl ester 10 were found to inhibit irreversibly both enzymes.
      Compound 10 was found to be a specific and selective inhibitor of human leukocyte
      elastase. In contrast to these, inhibitors derived from glycine methyl ester 1, D
      valine methyl ester 4, and D-norvaline methyl ester 6 were found to be inactive.
      The results of the present study show that latent isocyanates derived from
      appropriate amino acids can serve as selective inhibitors of serine proteases and
      are of potential pharmacological value.

PMID- 3844035
TI  - Elastase activity of Coccidioides immitis.
AB  - Twenty-two strains of Coccidioides immitis were tested for the ability to
      hydrolyse elastin. Screening assays with Czapek's or Tryptic Soy Agar
      supplemented with 0.5% elastin demonstrated that 21 strains (95%) were
      elastolytic. In broth cultures, elastase activity was induced by incorporation of
      insoluble elastin into the medium and induction was suppressed by supplementation
      with yeast extract. C. immitis appears to be unique amongst dimorphic fungal
      pathogens in its digestion of elastin.

PMID- 3844036
TI  - Effect of repeated high dose prophylaxis with amoxycillin on the resident oral
      flora of adult volunteers.
AB  - Healthy adult volunteers received either single or repeated 3-g doses of
      amoxycillin by mouth at weekly intervals on three occasions. The salivary flora
      of each volunteer was monitored before, during and up to 11 weeks after the final
      dose of antibiotic. Viable counts of anaerobic bacteria, streptococci and
      streptococci resistant to amoxycillin 2 mg/L and 40 mg/L were determined in
      samples of saliva. All 20 volunteers harboured low numbers of streptococci
      resistant to amoxycillin 2 mg/L (mean count = 6.57 X 10(3) cfu/ml of saliva)
      before administration of the antibiotic; much lower carriage rates (45%) were
      observed for bacteria resistant to amoxycillin 40 mg/L (mean count = 116 cfu/ml
      of saliva). Each dose of amoxycillin had a rapid but transient effect on the
      numbers of salivary bacteria. A placebo lacking the antibiotic had no effect. A
      single 3-g dose of amoxycillin had little or no effect on the numbers of
      resistant streptococci and, therefore, it was concluded that in patients at risk
      of infective endocarditis a second prophylactic dose would not be invalidated.
      The numbers of resistant streptococci increased significantly after the second
      and third doses of amoxycillin, and persisted for 4-7 weeks. Consequently, in at
      risk patients requiring repeated dental procedures liable to produce bacteraemia,
      either alternative antibiotic regimens should be used each time or intervals of
      at least 4 weeks should be left between treatment sessions.

PMID- 3844037
TI  - The Nd:YAG a knife without a blade.

PMID- 3844038
TI  - Make your own schematic eye.

PMID- 3844039
TI  - Saving time. Efficiency in the routine ophthalmic exam.

PMID- 3844041
TI  - Insight into keratometry.

PMID- 3844040
TI  - Adie's syndrome.

PMID- 3844042
TI  - Calculating intraocular lens power.

PMID- 3844043
TI  - Managing glaucoma using argon laser therapy.

PMID- 3844044
TI  - Inherited ocular disease in childhood.

PMID- 3844046
TI  - When your patients ask about nasty heartburn.

PMID- 3844045
TI  - Stillbirth.

PMID- 3844047
TI  - The enigma of cot death.

PMID- 3844048
TI  - Formal and informal support systems for mothers with newborn.

PMID- 3844049
TI  - Nursing and politics. Dichotomy or partnership.

PMID- 3844050
TI  - Renal filtration and catabolism of complement protein D.
AB  - Complement protein D, a serine protease participating in the formation of the C3
      convertase of the alternative complement pathway, has the lowest molecular weight
      (23,750) and serum concentration of all complement proteins. In normal serum, D
      is the rate-limiting protease of the alternative pathway of complement
      activation. We report that the serum concentrations of D in 20 patients with
      chronic renal failure (mean +/- S.D., 0.42 +/- 0.28 mg per deciliter) and in 16
      patients on long-term dialysis (1.53 +/- 0.39 mg per deciliter) were
      significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than in 22 healthy adults (0.18 +/- 0.04
      mg per deciliter). In chronic renal failure the serum concentration of D
      correlated with that of creatinine (r = 0.75, P less than 0.001). The serum
      concentrations of D found in patients with renal failure reached and in some
      cases exceeded those at which the protease is no longer rate-limiting. Thus,
      enhanced activity of the alternative pathway of complement should be expected in
      patients with advanced renal failure. Urinary D was undetectable (less than 0.2
      micrograms per deciliter) in 17 normal adults and either undetectable or below
      the concentration expected from the degree of proteinuria in 10 patients with
      nephrotic syndrome. However, in a patient with Fanconi's syndrome the urinary
      concentration of D (1.3 mg per deciliter) was an order of magnitude higher than
      the serum concentration, representing 0.5 per cent of the total protein. The
      urinary D in this patient had normal hemolytic activity, antigenicity, and size.
      These results indicate that D is filtered through the glomerular membrane and is
      probably catabolized in the proximal renal tubules.

PMID- 3844051
TI  - Specific expression of an elastase-human growth hormone fusion gene in pancreatic
      acinar cells of transgenic mice.
AB  - Transfection of genes into tissue culture cell lines has demonstrated that
      relatively short DNA sequences can allow expression of immunoglobulin, insulin
      and chymotrypsin genes in their appropriate cell types. A definitive test of cell
      specific gene expression, however, requires testing genes in every possible cell
      type, an experiment performed easily by introducing the gene in question into the
      germ line of an animal. Transfer of intact genes into mice has demonstrated that
      a mouse immunoglobulin kappa gene is expressed specifically in B lymphocytes, a
      rat elastase I gene is expressed specifically in pancreas and a chicken
      transferrin gene is expressed preferentially in liver. Mouse metallothionein
      growth hormone fusion genes introduced into mice are preferentially expressed in
      the liver, consistent with the expression of endogenous metallothionein genes,
      but initial experiments with beta-globin genes have not revealed proper
      regulation. To identify the DNA elements required for pancreas-specific
      expression of the rat elastase I gene, we joined the 5'-flanking region of this
      gene to the human growth hormone (hGH) structural gene and introduced the fusion
      gene into mice. Here we demonstrate that a fusion gene containing only 213 base
      pairs (bp) of elastase I gene sequence directs expression of hGH in pancreatic
      acinar cells.

PMID- 3844052
TI  - Regulation of advanced nursing practices: a commentary.

PMID- 3844053
TI  - Multi-institutional systems: the new arrangement.

PMID- 3844054
TI  - An approach to funding nursing continuing education conferences.

PMID- 3844055
TI  - Comparable worth: alternatives to litigation and legislation.

PMID- 3844056
TI  - The legal process and medical malpractice.

PMID- 3844057
TI  - Investing for women--is it different?

PMID- 3844058
TI  - Networking: a power strategy.

PMID- 3844059
TI  - The American Association of Nurse Attorneys.

PMID- 3844060
TI  - Nursing products: primary components of health care.

PMID- 3844061
TI  - Guidelines to protect nurses from AIDS.

PMID- 3844062
TI  - Doctors ordered to consult parents before prescribing. College regrets appeal ban
      on contraception for girls under 16.

PMID- 3844063
TI  - Looking back in anguish.

PMID- 3844064
TI  - First impressions.

PMID- 3844065
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Put to the test.

PMID- 3844066
TI  - Lively debate augurs well for the future.

PMID- 3844067
TI  - Will prevent nursing from moving forward to a thinking, research-based
      profession.

PMID- 3844068
TI  - College backs UNICEF's conclusion for key to survival. Report on the state of the
      world's children.

PMID- 3844070
TI  - To let nurses work in ignorance is despicable says College. Nurses not told
      patients had AIDS.

PMID- 3844069
TI  - Concern over appointments.

PMID- 3844071
TI  - Unique ANP assembly.

PMID- 3844072
TI  - A day in the life of a kibbutz nurse.

PMID- 3844073
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. A taboo too long.

PMID- 3844075
TI  - Welcome to NHS.

PMID- 3844074
TI  - Join hands to make this Joint Forum the success it deserves to be.

PMID- 3844076
TI  - Child sexual abuse.

PMID- 3844077
TI  - Moving records without delay.

PMID- 3844078
TI  - DHSS to go ahead with restrictive list. Nurses strongly against limited drugs
      list plan.

PMID- 3844080
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Influence.

PMID- 3844079
TI  - NHS urged to take more account of women's needs.

PMID- 3844081
TI  - Mental handicap nursing should stay under the spotlight of the profession.

PMID- 3844082
TI  - New assembly aimed at destroying age old nurses problems of apathy and inaction.

PMID- 3844083
TI  - Nurses must take the professional conduct code seriously. Managers are 'ignoring
      the UKCC code'.

PMID- 3844085
TI  - Problems faced by nurses.

PMID- 3844084
TI  - Addiction and alcoholism among nurses.

PMID- 3844086
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Retrograde step.

PMID- 3844087
TI  - The joint appointment represents an important way forward for nurses to achieve
      their ideals.

PMID- 3844088
TI  - Three D division: drink, drugs and deliverers of care.

PMID- 3844090
TI  - Ambulatory/outpatient I.V. care.

PMID- 3844089
TI  - IHSM conference on implementation of Griffiths at unit level. Management
      contribution of nurses.

PMID- 3844091
TI  - Travenol: high-tech home care.

PMID- 3844092
TI  - I.V. therapy and home care.

PMID- 3844093
TI  - Preparing for certification. How to take the examination.

PMID- 3844094
TI  - Making the NITA standards work for you.

PMID- 3844095
TI  - Home health agencies. Functions and reimbursement.

PMID- 3844097
TI  - Transfusion therapy for nurses. Part 2.

PMID- 3844096
TI  - Extravasation. The dreaded complication.

PMID- 3844098
TI  - Advantages of an all-nurse educational program.

PMID- 3844099
TI  - Hickman catheter exit site skin sensitivities in an oncology patient population.

PMID- 3844100
TI  - Lidocaine use for placing I.V. cannulas.

PMID- 3844101
TI  - Pediatric I.V. care.

PMID- 3844102
TI  - Managing impaired nurses.

PMID- 3844103
TI  - The troubled nurse: a conceptual framework for resolving problems.

PMID- 3844104
TI  - On the scene: the troubled nurse at the University of Cincinnati Hospital.

PMID- 3844105
TI  - On the scene: University of Cincinnati Hospital. Employee assistance in nursing.

PMID- 3844106
TI  - On the scene: the University of Cincinnati Hospital. The law enforcement
      perspective: drug dependent nurses.

PMID- 3844107
TI  - On the scene: University of Cincinnati Hospital. The disease of chemical
      dependency: recovery to restoration.

PMID- 3844108
TI  - On the scene: University of Cincinnati Hospital. Legitimate anger: consequences
      and challenges.

PMID- 3844109
TI  - On the scene: University of Cincinnati Hospital. The angry nurse/the angry staff.

PMID- 3844110
TI  - On the scene: University of Cincinnati Hospital. Confronting inadequate clinical
      performance.

PMID- 3844112
TI  - On the scene: University of Cincinnati Hospital. Nurses with chronic debilitating
      diseases.

PMID- 3844111
TI  - On the scene: University of Cincinnati Hospital. Guidelines for confrontation.

PMID- 3844114
TI  - The moderately troubled nurse: a not-so-uncommon entity.

PMID- 3844113
TI  - On the scene: University of Cincinnati Hospital. Other troubles for the troubled
      nurse.

PMID- 3844115
TI  - Developing an alternative disciplinary process for the troubled nurse.

PMID- 3844116
TI  - Books for nursing administrators.

PMID- 3844117
TI  - A new look at wound care.

PMID- 3844118
TI  - Drug-induced anaphylaxis.

PMID- 3844119
TI  - Difficult patients: doing Mrs. Angelo a favor.

PMID- 3844121
TI  - Are you prepared for a hospital fire?

PMID- 3844120
TI  - Dealing with the dangers of dysphagia.

PMID- 3844122
TI  - Caring for a patient with a transhepatic biliary decompression catheter.

PMID- 3844123
TI  - Cut your paperwork with this 4-minute E.D. admission form.

PMID- 3844124
TI  - When families get together.

PMID- 3844125
TI  - The right solution: mixing I.V. drugs thoroughly.

PMID- 3844126
TI  - A tiny warrior.

PMID- 3844127
TI  - The perennial problem of problem solving.

PMID- 3844128
TI  - Sharing: no regrets.

PMID- 3844129
TI  - Law for the nurse manager. Patient teaching.

PMID- 3844130
TI  - For those who are about to die.

PMID- 3844131
TI  - Patient education: megatrends reinforce its priority.

PMID- 3844132
TI  - Credentialling: meeting 1985 regulatory standards.

PMID- 3844133
TI  - Productivity: fighting the battle of the budget.

PMID- 3844135
TI  - On discontinuing high-tech life supports: who decides?

PMID- 3844134
TI  - Shades of Code Blue: an ethical framework.

PMID- 3844136
TI  - Indigent patients: more nursing on less revenue.

PMID- 3844137
TI  - Art & science of management. Pulled apart?

PMID- 3844138
TI  - Quality assurance in occupational health nursing.

PMID- 3844139
TI  - A conceptual model for occupational health nursing practice.

PMID- 3844140
TI  - Continuing education: then and now.

PMID- 3844141
TI  - Health screening for hospital personnel exposed to waste anesthetic gases.

PMID- 3844142
TI  - A teaching guide for employees exposed to waste anesthetic gases.

PMID- 3844143
TI  - Stress and survival of illness: a study of disability-work groups and their
      effect on employee productivity and well-being.

PMID- 3844144
TI  - Promoting prenatal care and breastfeeding in the workplace.

PMID- 3844145
TI  - Premenstrual syndrome: a self-help checklist.

PMID- 3844146
TI  - Nursing intervention aids RN addicts in recovery and re-entry into work force.

PMID- 3844148
TI  - Nursing diagnosis at the art museum.

PMID- 3844147
TI  - Nurse use of general-purpose microcomputer software.

PMID- 3844149
TI  - The covert curriculum.

PMID- 3844150
TI  - Informed consent: how much information is enough?

PMID- 3844152
TI  - On nursing diagnosis.

PMID- 3844151
TI  - Clarifying tenure requirements.

PMID- 3844153
TI  - Is there any empathy left for the nurses?

PMID- 3844154
TI  - Strategic planning for the 1990's.

PMID- 3844155
TI  - Flies in the ointment. An ethical perspective on dual relationships in
      psychosocial nursing education.

PMID- 3844156
TI  - The impact of arthritis on quality of life.
AB  - This study explored the impact of pain and functional impairment on the quality
      of life experienced by persons with arthritis. Using a cognitive framework, a
      causal model was developed in which the disease-related variables interacting
      with demographic and social factors were hypothesized to indirectly affect
      quality of life through psychological mediators. Ninety-four adults--74 women and
      20 men--with various forms of arthritis were interviewed in their homes. Overall,
      the model explained 46% of the variance in quality of life. Path analysis showed
      that the psychological mediators--positive self-esteem, internal control over
      health, perceived support, and low negative attitude toward the illness-
      contributed directly to a higher quality of life. Severity of arthritis-related
      impairment indirectly affected quality of life through the mediating variables.

PMID- 3844157
TI  - Physical attractiveness and nurses' perceptions of pediatric patients.
AB  - This study investigated the effect of the physical attractiveness of pediatric
      patients on nurses' impressions. Sixty-six nurses answered questions about
      pediatric patients who were allegedly involved in a disturbance in a hospital.
      The patients who were rated varied in attractiveness. Nurses held a patient less
      personally responsible for the disturbance, attributed a patient's behavior to
      situational causes, and perceived the attending nurse as more responsible when
      the patient was highly attractive. In contrast, an unattractive patient was
      reported to have a higher probability of emotional problems. These findings are
      consistent with the work of Dion (1972).

PMID- 3844158
TI  - Adherence to health care regimens among elderly women.
AB  - This study examined selected components of nurse practitioners' care to determine
      which contributed most to the intent to adhere to the care plan. High and low
      levels of components of care (technical quality, psychosocial, and patient
      participation) were depicted by videotapes of a patient visit to a nurse
      practitioner. The videotapes were randomly selected and shown in 26 senior
      citizen nutrition centers in a metropolitan area. Elderly women indicated how
      likely they would be to adhere if they had been the patient in the tape. High
      psychosocial care was the only component significantly related to intent to
      adhere; however, the significance did not hold in an analysis of covariance when
      individual characteristics were controlled. Individual characteristics related to
      high intent to adhere were widowed marital status, religion, perceived importance
      of the examination, social network, and preexisting satisfaction with health
      care.

PMID- 3844159
TI  - Infant and preschool well-child care: master's- and nonmaster's-prepared
      pediatric nurse practitioners.
AB  - The nursing and medical literature reveals considerable debate over whether
      graduate or continuing education is the appropriate level for nurse practitioner
      preparation. These arguments have been rhetorical since the research literature
      lacks data on the scope of practice of master's- and nonmaster's-prepared nurse
      practitioners. The purpose of this study was to examine possible differences
      between the two types of practitioners in one area--well-child care provided by
      pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs). A total of 236 master's- and nonmaster's
      prepared PNPs completed a background questionnaire and checklists of nursing
      activities involving infant and preschool well-child care. Analysis of study
      results showed that master's PNPs performed more activities involving (1)
      assessment of physical and cognitive development of infants (p less than .003);
      (2) assessment of personality and socialization of preschool children (p less
      than .05); and (3) counseling and guidance involving the physical and cognitive
      development of infants (p less than .01). Master's PNPs also appeared to benefit
      more from their years in practice both in terms of the number of assessment
      activities (p less than .04) and management activities (p less than .06) they
      performed. Finally, master's PNPs engaged in more leadership activities than
      nonmaster's PNPs (p less than .005).

PMID- 3844160
TI  - Employment, family roles, and mental ill health in young married women.
AB  - Women are entering the labor force at unprecedented rates, many combining
      employment with their roles as wives and mothers. The purpose of this study was
      to determine if the complement of women's roles was associated with negative
      mental health effects. It was hypothesized that multiple roles would have
      negative effects on mental health only in the presence of a social context that
      itself was associated with symptoms of mental ill health. The contextual
      variables included influence of sex role norms, task-sharing support from the
      spouse, and support from a confidant. A sample of 140 married women randomly
      selected from registrants at a family health clinic were interviewed about their
      roles and mental health. The complement of the women's roles was not associated
      with mental ill health, nor was there a clear relationship between employment or
      parenting on mental health. Each of the contextual variables had a moderate
      influence on symptoms of mental ill health. Women who had traditional sex role
      norms, little task-sharing support from a spouse, and little support from a
      confidant had poorer mental health than their counterparts. Thus, in this sample,
      the context for role performance had a stronger influence on mental health than
      did the actual roles women performed. In addition, the importance of the social
      contextual variables was contingent on the woman's complement of roles. For women
      who were both spouse and parent, confiding support was most important.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3844161
TI  - Forecasting for nursing policy: a news-based image approach.
AB  - A prototype of a news-based forecasting model was developed as an aid to
      policymaking in nursing and to assist in setting priorities for promoting an
      effective image of nursing. Newspaper articles about nursing were analyzed each
      month from 1978 to 1981. A model, constructed to show the effects of key nursing
      tissues on the image of nursing, was estimated using Ridge Regression to
      determine the direction and magnitude of the effect that each of the key issues
      had on the image of nursing. It was determined that newspaper articles that show
      nurses in clinical settings and articles that show nurses as playing a major role
      are the most important factors in projecting a positive image of nursing. The
      model was used to construct forecasts for the image of nursing from 1982 to 1984.
      The image of nursing was forecasted to improve over this period, primarily
      because of a projected increase in the number of articles that show nurses in
      this positive image.

PMID- 3844162
TI  - Cost savings as an indicator of successful nursing intervention.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to provide cost-related data from an intervention
      study in the care of patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). In a
      previously reported study, the study group patients increased exercise more than
      control patients, but there were no differences on any other health promoting
      behaviors or clinical outcomes. However, analysis of the differences between the
      study (N = 44) and the control patients (N = 42) on costs for health care during
      the course of the study demonstrated substantial differences. A fixed per diem
      rate was used to determine inpatient and outpatient costs. Study patients
      required significantly fewer PVD-related hospitalization and health care costs
      than control patients but not on vascular-related and nonvascular-related
      illnesses. Since there were no differences between the study and control on non
      PVD illnesses, it appears that the intervention targeted to influence PVD
      problems did so. Limitations to the study are identified and additional research
      in this area is warranted.

PMID- 3844163
TI  - Predicting success in graduate clinical specialty programs.

PMID- 3844164
TI  - Smoking behavior of nurses in western New York.

PMID- 3844165
TI  - Approaches to cleaning data sets: a technical comment.
AB  - Since each of the methods described has its costs and benefits, more than one
      method should be used. The combination of methods helps the researcher to obtain
      an error-free data set. Ideally, value-to-value verification for all data sets is
      preferred but the multiple entry method is more efficient for large data sets.
      Each researcher has a definition of large and small data sets. One definition of
      a large data set is one containing more than 250 records. Such a definition will
      not be appropriate for all investigators. Therefore, each researcher should
      balance the allocation of resources needed for a method against the confidence
      required for the data.

PMID- 3844166
TI  - Extraordinary attributes.

PMID- 3844167
TI  - Incontinence in the elderly. 4. Nursing the incontinent patient.

PMID- 3844168
TI  - Future imperfect?

PMID- 3844169
TI  - A year is a long time in politics...

PMID- 3844170
TI  - Picking out pecking orders.

PMID- 3844171
TI  - Phobias--the misunderstood fear.

PMID- 3844172
TI  - A group with a difference.

PMID- 3844173
TI  - How drugs act. Five. Overdoses and poisoning.

PMID- 3844174
TI  - Education. The shock of transition.

PMID- 3844176
TI  - Models and theories. Five. Orem's self-care model.

PMID- 3844177
TI  - Problems of the ward manager. Eleven. Personality clash.

PMID- 3844175
TI  - Cause for complaint. Six. 'A regrettable accident'.

PMID- 3844178
TI  - Nurses' attitudes to therapeutic abortion.

PMID- 3844179
TI  - The nurse in minor casualty.

PMID- 3844180
TI  - Coping with primary nursing.

PMID- 3844181
TI  - More about Qualpacs.

PMID- 3844182
TI  - Them and us. BNDU news letter.

PMID- 3844183
TI  - Loss of job status.

PMID- 3844184
TI  - An adventure that became an obsession.

PMID- 3844185
TI  - Privatisation: who cleans up after?

PMID- 3844187
TI  - Filling the gaps in the network.

PMID- 3844186
TI  - Quality assurance. What's best for the patient?

PMID- 3844188
TI  - Making your plans work.

PMID- 3844189
TI  - Role restrictions.

PMID- 3844190
TI  - Mental health law: a case of over-protection.

PMID- 3844192
TI  - An anguished adolescent.

PMID- 3844191
TI  - How drugs act. Six. Drugs at different ages.

PMID- 3844193
TI  - Education: carry on training.

PMID- 3844194
TI  - Clinical: liquid assets.

PMID- 3844195
TI  - Systems of life no 121. Setting up the systems-21.

PMID- 3844197
TI  - Video friendly.

PMID- 3844196
TI  - Soap opera bubbles out of a health centre.

PMID- 3844198
TI  - When a heated room can be a deathtrap.

PMID- 3844199
TI  - Peer review: a peer is born.

PMID- 3844201
TI  - A routine story.

PMID- 3844200
TI  - Eight days a week.

PMID- 3844202
TI  - Management: how to escape the time trap.

PMID- 3844203
TI  - How drugs act. Seven. Vitamins.

PMID- 3844204
TI  - The invisible 'nurse'.

PMID- 3844205
TI  - Easing the tension.

PMID- 3844207
TI  - Mental health nursing. Towards a better tomorrow.

PMID- 3844206
TI  - Working towards terminal peace.

PMID- 3844208
TI  - Mental health nursing. Are we really accountable?

PMID- 3844209
TI  - Mental health nursing. The need for good practice.

PMID- 3844210
TI  - Mental health nursing. Why Jay need not be a threat.

PMID- 3844211
TI  - Breast is best.

PMID- 3844212
TI  - Advanced nursing practice. Learning from the specialists.

PMID- 3844213
TI  - Still night, silent night?

PMID- 3844214
TI  - Education: curriculum planning.

PMID- 3844215
TI  - Out-patient nursing. 2. Everyday care.

PMID- 3844218
TI  - Psychiatry: healing qualities.

PMID- 3844217
TI  - Management. Measurement of care quality.

PMID- 3844216
TI  - Matters of conscience. No easy answers.

PMID- 3844219
TI  - Two psychiatric entities.

PMID- 3844221
TI  - Midwifery: examining for defects.

PMID- 3844220
TI  - Being touched for money.

PMID- 3844222
TI  - Management: forms of appraisal.

PMID- 3844223
TI  - In-patients' human rights.

PMID- 3844224
TI  - Education: a shoestring solution.

PMID- 3844225
TI  - Practice: masking the truth.

PMID- 3844227
TI  - Resolutions--up in smoke?

PMID- 3844226
TI  - Family planning and sexual counselling.

PMID- 3844228
TI  - Bottle feeding.

PMID- 3844230
TI  - Out-patient nursing 3. Rheumatology health education.

PMID- 3844229
TI  - Midwifery: chair versus bed.

PMID- 3844232
TI  - Struck numb.

PMID- 3844231
TI  - A legacy from the past.

PMID- 3844233
TI  - Nursing care study: downfall of a gymnast.

PMID- 3844234
TI  - Management: expansion on slender means.

PMID- 3844235
TI  - Budgeting for managers.

PMID- 3844236
TI  - Education: getting the procedure right.

PMID- 3844238
TI  - Advanced nursing practice. Accountable to whom?

PMID- 3844237
TI  - Out-patient nursing. 5. School for society.

PMID- 3844240
TI  - Passing the prejudice.

PMID- 3844239
TI  - Who cares wins.

PMID- 3844241
TI  - Oncology nursing. 2. Getting to the heart of cancer.

PMID- 3844242
TI  - Antifungal agent for prostatic carcinoma.

PMID- 3844243
TI  - A new analgesic.

PMID- 3844244
TI  - Nursing management of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

PMID- 3844245
TI  - Learned helplessness: analysis and application.

PMID- 3844246
TI  - Attitudes of nurses toward cancer and cancer therapies.

PMID- 3844247
TI  - Building the knowledge base for practice. Part I: Nausea and vomiting.

PMID- 3844248
TI  - Ambulatory services: the mainstay of cancer nursing care.

PMID- 3844249
TI  - The American Cancer Society's scholarship program.

PMID- 3844250
TI  - Evaluating patient education material.

PMID- 3844251
TI  - An interview with ONS presidential aspirants: Judi Johnson and Joan Piemme.
      Interview by Linda Arenth.

PMID- 3844252
TI  - Sexuality as a variable in oncology nursing research.

PMID- 3844253
TI  - The best of times and the worst of times: historical reflections from an American
      Cancer Society National Nursing Consultant.

PMID- 3844254
TI  - Cancer Nursing: an international perspective.

PMID- 3844255
TI  - The Association of Pediatric Oncology Nurses: the first ten years.

PMID- 3844256
TI  - The early days: four smiles and a post office box.

PMID- 3844257
TI  - A historical perspective in cancer nursing.

PMID- 3844258
TI  - R.N. errs in charting Rh factor: child stillborn.

PMID- 3844259
TI  - Nurses Assn. challenges regulations: nurse practitioners. Case in point: Ark. St.
      Nurses Assn. v. Ark. St. Med. Bd. (677 S.W. 2d 293--AR).

PMID- 3844260
TI  - Legal case briefs for nurses. OH: home health care: liability for bill &
      interest. NC: R.N. alleges sex discrimination: Civil Rights.

PMID- 3844261
TI  - Narcotics "unaccounted for": license revocation reversed. Case in point: Hogan v.
      Miss. Bd. of Nursing (457 So. 2d 931--MS).

PMID- 3844262
TI  - Family-centered care in rehabilitation.

PMID- 3844264
TI  - Beyond support: traumatic head injury as a growth experience for families.

PMID- 3844263
TI  - Maximizing rehabilitation for the elderly patient with spinal cord injury.

PMID- 3844265
TI  - Employment of persons with spinal cord injuries: implications for nursing.

PMID- 3844266
TI  - Helping yourself and your patients when working with Clinitron therapy.

PMID- 3844267
TI  - Nursing actions vs. arthritis quackery.

PMID- 3844268
TI  - We don't have head nurses anymore.

PMID- 3844269
TI  - Straight talk on sex for the older patient.

PMID- 3844270
TI  - New IV catheters that can do it all.

PMID- 3844271
TI  - What office nurses earn.

PMID- 3844272
TI  - Dealing with third-trimester bleeding.

PMID- 3844273
TI  - Your role in radiation therapy.

PMID- 3844274
TI  - When a teenager faces amputation.

PMID- 3844275
TI  - Rn master care plan: postop needs of the amputee.

PMID- 3844276
TI  - The ins and outs of contact lenses.

PMID- 3844277
TI  - Easing the discomfort of herpes zoster.

PMID- 3844278
TI  - Tips on giving pre-trial testimony.

PMID- 3844279
TI  - You can't be too careful with cytotoxic drugs.

PMID- 3844280
TI  - What you can learn from CSF tests.

PMID- 3844282
TI  - Nursing is--four nurses tell what nursing means to them.

PMID- 3844281
TI  - A continuing career via continuing education.

PMID- 3844283
TI  - Biosynthesis and regulation of iodolipids in calf thyroid.
AB  - The incorporation of 125I into iodolipids was investigated in calf thyroid
      slices. Time course studies showed that the iodination of lipid reaches a plateau
      after 30 min of incubation. A highly significant correlation was found between
      iodination of lipid and of protein (r = 0.906), suggesting that both reactions
      may be related. Addition of PTU or MMI caused a significant inhibition of lipid
      iodination, indicating that a peroxidase could be involved in this reaction. The
      iodinated lipids are not attached to protein, since they migrated in BEA
      chromatography and pancreatin digestion of the samples did not modify the
      percentage radioactivity. The iodolipid fraction observed in BEA chromatography
      was eluted and analysed by TLC. Iodinated free fatty acids and neutral lipids
      comprised most of the radioactivity. Although iodolipids are present in every
      subcellular fraction, the 20 000 X g pellet had the greatest proportion of
      iodinated fatty acids and neutral lipids.

PMID- 3844284
TI  - Elastase secretion in pancreatic disease.
AB  - To estimate the diagnostic value of elastase output in the duodenal aspirates
      during a pancreozymin secretin test, elastase as well as amylase, chymotrypsin,
      trypsin, and lipase was determined in 46 controls and 61 patients with various
      disease. The elastase output decreased significantly in chronic pancreatitis
      (mild exocrine insufficiency 13 and advanced eight), pancreatic cancer (n = 10),
      and liver cirrhosis (n = 14) when compared with the controls. The outputs of the
      four other enzymes also decreased in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer,
      not in liver cirrhosis. Low elastase output was found in four of 13 chronic
      pancreatitis patients with mild exocrine insufficiency, whereas low outputs of
      the other enzymes were observed in only one or less of the 13. The ratio of
      elastase to amylase alone was significantly lower in the pancreatic diseases. The
      results suggest that elastase is the most susceptible enzyme to pancreatic
      dysfunction and that its output and its ratio to amylase output provide a
      valuable index to assess the enzyme secretory capacity in the pancreatic
      diseases.

PMID- 3844285
TI  - First, anticipate the harm. . .

PMID- 3844286
TI  - Is nursing's self-regulatory power being eroded?

PMID- 3844287
TI  - Air bags: an uplifting idea.

PMID- 3844288
TI  - Encopresis.

PMID- 3844289
TI  - A nail-safe method.

PMID- 3844290
TI  - Wound care forum. Artful solutions to chronic problems.

PMID- 3844291
TI  - SQ chemotherapy at home.

PMID- 3844292
TI  - The more things change...

PMID- 3844294
TI  - First phase complete as project identifies health policy issues.

PMID- 3844293
TI  - Equal access to care is nursing's challenge.

PMID- 3844295
TI  - Nurses establish clinic for homeless.

PMID- 3844296
TI  - Efforts continue for nursing institute proposal.

PMID- 3844297
TI  - Lessons from past can help nursing reach its goals.

PMID- 3844298
TI  - RN on AMA staff wants nurses, MDs to be allies. Interview by Patricia McCarty.

PMID- 3844299
TI  - Dare to excel in ambulatory surgery.
AB  - Outpatient surgery is not just an off-shoot or satellite of maturing inpatient
      care. It is a distinct entity and one nursing can use to full advantage. It is a
      superb clinical laboratory for nursing students who are studying perioperative
      nursing. Here, students can see all three phases of patient care in three to four
      hours. I chose the field of ambulatory surgery and found a new venture and a
      clinical area ready for creative ideas and new ways of implementing the nursing
      process. One characteristic of excellent companies, say Peters and Waterman, is
      the presence of champions. "The champion is not a blue-sky dreamer, or an
      intellectual giant. The champion might even be an idea thief. But, above all,
      he's the pragmatic one who grabs onto someone else's theoretical construct if
      necessary and bullheadedly pushes it to fruition." Are you a champion, and what
      will you do to make your ambulatory surgery center be known as the best?

PMID- 3844300
TI  - When a patient insists on driving home after ambulatory surgery.

PMID- 3844301
TI  - A preoperative teaching program. Preparing a child for ambulatory surgery.

PMID- 3844302
TI  - The elderly patient.

PMID- 3844303
TI  - Collagen for implantation. Patient selection and education.

PMID- 3844304
TI  - Home study program. Malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 3844306
TI  - Postanesthesia scoring system. Discharging ambulatory surgery patients.

PMID- 3844305
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia. A peroperative emergency.

PMID- 3844307
TI  - Mainstreaming inpatients and outpatients. Modifying systems to everyone's
      advantage.

PMID- 3844309
TI  - Oldest freestanding ambulatory center comes back strong after fire.

PMID- 3844308
TI  - Patient anxiety levels. An ambulatory surgery study.

PMID- 3844310
TI  - Intraoperative cardiac arrest. Nursing implications.

PMID- 3844311
TI  - Venous reconstruction. Surgery for severe venous stasis.
AB  - Deep venous thrombosis is a common occurrence among hospitalized patients. The
      sequelae of deep venous thrombosis, chronic venous insufficiency are well known.
      The nurse must know the signs and symptoms of venous thrombosis, and have
      knowledge of patients at high risk for developing thrombosis. Careful attention
      must also be given to accurate diagnosis of the precise venous abnormality prior
      to surgical intervention. New techniques, such as valve transplantation, plastic
      reconstruction of existing valves, or insertion of prosthetic valves, are in the
      early investigative stages. It is evident from the statistics mentioned earlier
      that the need for venous reconstructive surgery is widespread.

PMID- 3844312
TI  - Who decides and when is the time to institute resuscitative efforts?

PMID- 3844313
TI  - Catalysis by human leukocyte elastase: III. Steady-state kinetics for the
      hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters.
AB  - Steady-state kinetic parameters were determined at pH 7.4 and 25 degrees C for
      the human leukocyte elastase-catalyzed hydrolysis of several N-carbobenzoxy-L
      amino acid p-nitrophenyl esters. The substrate specificity for these esters was
      quite broad, and included the Gly, Phe, and Tyr derivatives. Together with
      reports of a much narrower P-1 specificity for peptide-based substrates, these
      results suggest that interactions remote from the scissle bond between enzyme and
      substrate regulate primary specificity. Also, it was found that kc and kc/Km did
      not exhibit the same dependence on substrate structure. This is interpreted to
      suggest that there are significant differences in P-1 specificity between
      acylation and deacylation for leukocyte elastase-catalyzed reactions.

PMID- 3844314
TI  - Rifampin resistance. Development during the therapy of methicillin-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus infection.
AB  - The incidence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections, for which
      vancomycin hydrochloride remains the only active cell-wall antibiotic therapy, is
      rising. Some physicians have been combining other antibiotics with vancomycin in
      hopes of obtaining a more effective regimen for the therapy of these infections.
      Rifampin has been advocated as a concurrent second antibiotic because of its
      extraordinary potent bactericidal activity for Staphylococcus aureus. When
      rifampin is used in combination with a cell-wall antibiotic, suppression of the
      development of rifampin resistance has been thought possible. We report a case of
      infection caused by a methicillin-resistant S aureus in which the rifampin
      resistance occurred during therapy with vancomycin and rifampin. The rifampin
      resistance was stable and was present after ten serial broth and agar passages.
      Physicians are cautioned against the indiscriminant or routine use of rifampin as
      a second antibiotic in combination with vancomycin for the therapy of infections
      caused by S aureus.

PMID- 3844315
TI  - Changes in nongonococcal septic arthritis: drug abuse and methicillin-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 3844316
TI  - Enzymatic characterization of arginine esterase from dog seminal plasma.
AB  - Previously purified arginine esterase from dog seminal plasma was characterized
      enzymatically. The enzyme was found to have a rather narrow specificity for
      arginine esters, much less for lysine esters and was practically devoid of
      activity towards tyrosine esters, casein, albumin and azocoll. It had a broad
      optimum pH between 8 and 9. It presented no kallikrein-like activities either in
      the blood pressure test in dog or in the rat uterus contraction test. It was
      inhibited by bovine pancreas trypsin inhibitor, aprotinin, phenylalanylprolyl
      arginine chloromethyl ketone, diisopropylfluorophosphate, phenylmethylsulfonyl
      fluoride, sodium dodecyl sulfate and leupeptin, but not by soybean trypsin
      inhibitor, tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone, tosylamide-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl
      ketone, iodoacetamide, Triton X-100 and EDTA. Experiments involving incubation of
      prostatic cytosol with purified arginine esterase showed that actin was the only
      important prostatic protein that was extensively hydrolyzed by this enzyme. It is
      not known presently whether the hydrolysis of actin is related to a true
      physiological function of the enzyme and whether actin and arginine esterase ever
      come into contact with each other in vivo. These properties indicate that
      arginine esterase from dog seminal plasma is different from other known
      proteinases including classical kallikreins, although it presents many
      similarities with this class of enzyme.

PMID- 3844317
TI  - The Grange report. Nurses criticize commission's report for lack of answers.

PMID- 3844318
TI  - Validation therapy: a companion to reality orientation.

PMID- 3844319
TI  - Nutrition and aging: an overview.

PMID- 3844320
TI  - A mobile health assessment program for the elderly.

PMID- 3844321
TI  - How do you mother when you are disabled?

PMID- 3844322
TI  - Nursing care of the multiple sclerosis patient treated with cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 3844323
TI  - An interview with Health and Welfare Minister Jake Epp. Interview by Margaret
      Allen..

PMID- 3844324
TI  - Right atrial catheters: a patient and family education program.

PMID- 3844325
TI  - The effect of null C4 alleles on complement function.
AB  - C4 is encoded at two polymorphic genetic loci (C4A and B), and "null" or
      unexpressed alleles are relatively common. An increased frequency of nulls has
      been reported in a variety of diseases. In the present study, C4 allotypes and C4
      hemolytic efficiencies (the ratios of functional to antigenic levels) were
      determined for a population of 75 normal unrelated individuals. Of these, 28 had
      three gene products (single null at C4A or B) while three had no expressed C4A
      products and three had no C4B products (homozygous null). Mean antigenic C4
      levels correlated with the number of expressed gene products but there was a wide
      spread of individual values. Those homozygous null for C4A had greater, and for
      C4B less, hemolytic efficiency than those with four gene products. However, there
      was no difference in the in vitro kinetics of C3 convertase formation between
      homozygous null C4A or C4B individuals. Therefore, the presence of null genes for
      C4 does not appear to compromise complement function sufficiently to account for
      the reported disease associations. Some of the associations may result from the
      fact that null genes for C4, as part of an extended HLA haplotype, may be
      genetically linked to disease susceptibility.

PMID- 3844326
TI  - Evaluation of spinal infections by plain radiographs, computed tomography,
      intrathecal metrizamide, and CT-guided biopsy.
AB  - 16 cases of spinal infection were reviewed to evaluate the usefulness of plain
      radiographs, noncontrast computed tomography (CT), computed tomographic
      metrizamide myelography (CTMM), plain film metrizamide myelography, and CT-guided
      biopsy techniques. Noncontrast CT was more useful than plain films in the
      evaluation of disc space and bony involvement and soft tissue extension of
      infection into the paraspinal spaces. CTMM was needed for evaluation of epidural
      or subdural involvement of infection in the cervical and thoracic spine, while
      plain film metrizamide myelography was useful as a survey for CTMM. CT-guided
      biopsy was definitive in establishing the etiology of the offending organism.

PMID- 3844327
TI  - Detection of basilar artery thrombosis by CT.
AB  - A case is presented with distal basilar artery occlusion diagnosed by computed
      tomography (CT). The normal basilar artery imaged on plain CT scans has an
      attenuation value not higher than that of whole blood. If the CT attenuation
      value of the vessel is higher than that of blood, basilar artery occlusion is
      probably present. In the case presented the cause was traumatic thrombo-embolic
      occlusion of the basilar artery.

PMID- 3844328
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in hemosiderosis.
AB  - The case of a patient with iron deposition disease is presented to illustrate the
      value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of this entity. The
      image characteristics of MRI are discussed and the results are compared with
      those of computer tomography (CT). The importance of a decrease in T2 relaxation
      time as the determinant parameter for signal intensity in MRI of the liver in
      such patients is emphasized.

PMID- 3844330
TI  - Heating the spot.

PMID- 3844329
TI  - Bard Nursing Award. End this fragmented approach.

PMID- 3844331
TI  - The elderly: trapped in the caring net.

PMID- 3844332
TI  - Diabetes. Stable in the community.

PMID- 3844333
TI  - Matters for concern. No room for complacency.

PMID- 3844334
TI  - Communication: a basis for sound nursing.

PMID- 3844335
TI  - A nurse remembers how it was.

PMID- 3844336
TI  - Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, cathodal trypsin, and pancreatic elastase
      in pancreatic juice collected at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

PMID- 3844338
TI  - Evaluation and significance of kinetic parameters governing function of protein
      synthesis initiation factors eIF-2 and eIF-2B.
AB  - Published data dealing with the formation of the ternary complex eIF-2 X GTP X
      met-tRNAi involved in eukaryotic initiation have been evaluated to calculate the
      expected inhibition by GDP and the role of eIF-2B in limiting this inhibition. It
      is concluded that cellular levels of GDP are unlikely seriously to inhibit
      ternary complex formation if the reaction can proceed to equilibrium. However,
      derivation of 'on' and 'off' rates for the interaction of GTP and GDP with eIF-2
      demonstrates that these are too slow in the absence of eIF-2B to support active
      protein synthesis, particularly if eIF-2 is released from ribosomes as eIF-2 X
      GDP. Whilst eIF-2 X GDP and eIF-2 X GTP appear to dissociate equally slowly, it
      is concluded that GDP binds to eIF-2 100-times faster than GTP. Addition of eIF
      2B has the effect of raising k-1 for both GDP and GTP several hundred-fold and
      k+1 50- and 7000-fold, respectively. Thus, a kinetic block can be relieved even
      if there is no change in the thermodynamic state. Phosphorylation of the alpha
      subunit of eIF-2 appears to affect only those parameters influenced by eIF-2B.
      The reported rescue of inhibited lysates by addition of 1 mM GTP is not by mass
      action but by some other mechanism. Consideration of the kinetic parameters
      favours the formation of a ternary complex of eIF-2 X eIF-2B X GDP en route to
      eIF-2 X GTP as opposed to displacement of GDP from eIF-2 X GDP by eIF-2B.

PMID- 3844337
TI  - Acylation of adenovirus type 12 early region 1b 18-kDa protein. Further evidence
      for its localisation in the cell membrane.
AB  - The 18-kDa E1b protein in Ad 12-transformed rat cells and in Ad 12-infected human
      cells binds lipid strongly. The lipid is not removed by boiling in the presence
      of SDS or by extraction with methanol/chloroform. It is, however, dissociated
      from the protein by treatment with methanolic KOH suggesting that attachment is
      through an ester linkage. The acylated 18-kDa protein is detected only in the
      membrane fraction. Labelling cell surface proteins on Ad 12-transformed cells
      with [125I]iodosulphanilic acid shows that some of the Ad 12 18-kDa E1b protein
      is present on the outside of the cell. It is concluded that this protein is
      responsible for cell surface T-antigen activity.

PMID- 3844339
TI  - Exciting opportunity to enhance patient care delivery.

PMID- 3844340
TI  - Tax benefits for critical care nurses.

PMID- 3844341
TI  - Severe liver dysfunction. Client problems and nursing actions.

PMID- 3844342
TI  - What are the needs of families of critically ill patients?

PMID- 3844343
TI  - Response to Luther Christman's "the future of nursing".

PMID- 3844344
TI  - Establishing a nursing education fund.

PMID- 3844345
TI  - Orem's self-care deficit theory of nursing.

PMID- 3844346
TI  - Confronting ethical questions.

PMID- 3844347
TI  - Am I my brother's keeper?

PMID- 3844348
TI  - Spiritual healing: a personal experience of something beyond.

PMID- 3844349
TI  - Curious about clinical research?

PMID- 3844350
TI  - The research process.

PMID- 3844352
TI  - Job sharing--a viable work option for health care workers.

PMID- 3844351
TI  - Collaborative relationships in nursing research.

PMID- 3844353
TI  - Loss and grief.

PMID- 3844354
TI  - The work of a nurse adviser on incontinence.

PMID- 3844355
TI  - To nap or not to nap?

PMID- 3844356
TI  - Nutrition. The latest on labels.

PMID- 3844357
TI  - 70+ and going strong: "Ziegfeld Girls"--then and now. Interview by Betsy Todd.

PMID- 3844358
TI  - Drugs and the elderly. Therapy for parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3844360
TI  - Haiku: a form to air feelings about aging.

PMID- 3844359
TI  - Understanding herpes zoster and relieving its discomfort.

PMID- 3844361
TI  - Dramatic decrease in decubitus ulcers.

PMID- 3844362
TI  - Companion animals and the elderly.

PMID- 3844364
TI  - Preamble to a new paradigm for women's health care.

PMID- 3844363
TI  - Determining priority for long-term care.

PMID- 3844365
TI  - The contributions of Dickoff and James to theory development in nursing.

PMID- 3844366
TI  - Personal computers and database access.

PMID- 3844367
TI  - Faculty as doctoral students: policies of doctoral programs in nursing.

PMID- 3844368
TI  - Nursing diagnosis in perspective: response to a critique.

PMID- 3844369
TI  - Rights and responsibilities: nurse-patient relationships.

PMID- 3844370
TI  - Inhibition of C3 deposition on solid-phase bound immune complexes by lactoferrin.
AB  - In the study described here, the effect of human tears and purified lactoferrin
      was investigated on the deposition of complement components on solid-phase bound
      immune complexes. After incubating immune complexes with fresh normal human
      serum, the deposition of complement components (C3, C4 and C5) was measured with
      an ELISA technique. Rabbit antibodies were used as a constituent of the immune
      complexes, and so both alternative and classical complement pathway activation
      could be studied. The addition of human tears or purified lactoferrin to this
      system resulted in the inhibition of classical pathway deposition of C3 and C5,
      while C4 deposition was not affected. High concentrations of human tears also
      inhibited alternative pathway C3 deposition on immune complexes, whereas
      lactoferrin did not detectably affect this pathway. The inhibition of complement
      activation by tears was not due to a masking of the immune complexes or the
      already deposited C3. Experiments with purified lactoferrin furthermore showed
      that lactoferrin did not bind to the complexes, either before or during
      complement activation. These findings suggest that the complement inhibitory
      effect is probably taking place in the fluid phase. Saturation of lactoferrin
      with iron or copper ions resulted in a markedly diminished effect on the capacity
      of lactoferrin to inhibit complement activation. C4 deposition on immune
      complexes was not affected by lactoferrin, which suggested that the inhibition of
      the classical pathway was due to an effect on the classical C3 convertase. The
      fact that lactoferrin inhibits the classical, but not the alternative C3
      convertase, suggests that the effect is probably not mediated through a
      competition for certain trace metal ions, but may be caused by protein-protein
      interactions. The findings reported here indicate that lactoferrin may play an
      important anti-inflammatory role by modulating activation of the complement
      system. This observation adds a new property to the already described functions
      of the iron-binding protein lactoferrin.

PMID- 3844371
TI  - [Interview with Jake Epp, Health and Welfare Minister. Interview by Margaret
      Allen].

PMID- 3844372
TI  - [The nurse in school health].

PMID- 3844373
TI  - [An experiment involving elderly women in their own health].

PMID- 3844374
TI  - [Prevention of confusion: mission impossible?].

PMID- 3844375
TI  - [Working in Switzerland: what's the situation?].

PMID- 3844376
TI  - [Pain induced by an intramuscular injection].

PMID- 3844377
TI  - [Integral care].

PMID- 3844378
TI  - [Prevention of infections in the hospital. 1. The infection control program].

PMID- 3844379
TI  - [The Grange Report pleases few people].

PMID- 3844380
TI  - The nurse as a survivor: delayed post-traumatic stress reaction and cumulative
      trauma in nursing.
AB  - As opposed to studies on the immediate psychological impact of traumatic nursing
      experiences, little attention has been directed to the persistence of certain
      long-standing hidden symptoms of trauma in some nurses. Since psychological
      reactions to trauma are claimed to be similar, irrespective of the source of
      trauma, it is postulated that findings from recent studies on delayed post
      traumatic stress reaction in Vietnam veterans, victims of natural disaster, and
      survivors of the holocaust, delineate symptoms which are also found in stress
      prone nurses utilizing maladaptive coping strategies in response to hospital
      related traumatic episodes. While some observations are conjectural and
      speculative, an integrated review is presented of areas of research hitherto
      unrelated, which serves to deepen our understanding of trauma and its impact upon
      the mental health of nurses.

PMID- 3844381
TI  - Dysthymic distress and hostile personality characteristics in Greek student
      nurses: a comparative study.
AB  - A comparative evaluation of anxiety, depression and personality deviances of
      student nurses was attempted, using Foulds' 'Scale of anxiety and depression and
      personality deviance' on Greek student nurses and on controls from other schools.
      It was found that: Greek student nurses scored higher in depression than student
      teachers and the Greek women sample, Greek student nurses scored higher in
      intropunitiveness than the Greek women sample, but there was no difference
      between student nurses and the control groups in all the personality deviances,
      and The younger the students, the higher their scores in anxiety and depression.
      Our findings support the hypothesis that dysthymic distress in Greek student
      nurses is associated with stresses of their training.

PMID- 3844382
TI  - Sex-role stereotype, self-concept, education and experience: do they influence
      decision-making?
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of self-concept, sex
      role stereotype, educational preparation and years of experience upon the nurse's
      attitudes regarding decision-making. The Joseph Decision-making Tool (JDMT) was
      designed by the investigator to measure nurses' attitudes regarding decision
      making. The tool consists of 20 scenarios in which the subject is asked to make a
      decision regarding a patient problem. Having an alpha reliability of 0.79, the
      JDMT was found to be exceedingly useful and easy to administer. Self-concept was
      measured by the BEM Scale. A heterogeneous population of female staff nurses
      working in medical-surgical units of two large metropolitan hospitals was used. A
      stepwise multiple regression technique was used to measure the potency of the
      particular variables in question. In a selected sample of 85 nurses, it was found
      that nurses with masculine sex-type scores and diploma education (P less than
      0.05) felt that nurses should assume responsibility for decision-making.
      Experience was found to have an inverse relationship (P less than 0.01) with the
      JDMT. The more experience the nurse has, the less willing she is to make
      decisions. The majority of nurses (62%) who participated in the study were found
      to have androgynous rather than feminine sex-role stereotype scores. These two
      findings indicate changing trends in the traditional view of staff nurses. These
      new findings will assist nurses in changing the current image of a typically
      feminine nurse with a low self-concept. This study found strengths in nurses that
      are often overlooked by the feminists when they study nurses.

PMID- 3844383
TI  - Acknowledged awareness of life-threatening illness.

PMID- 3844384
TI  - Catheter care: an overview.

PMID- 3844385
TI  - The universality of nursing: a comprehensive framework for practice.
AB  - The international concept of nursing affirms that no country is yet fully
      developed in terms of health care and acknowledges that primary health care is
      the most appropriate means of nursing care for the future. The universality of
      nursing means that care crosses the boundaries of every nation-state and
      ultimately affects all people because of their interdependence.

PMID- 3844387
TI  - What's happened since Alma-Ata?

PMID- 3844386
TI  - Nurses as a social force.
AB  - Nurses as a Social Force will be the theme of the 18th ICN Congress to be held in
      1985 in Tel Aviv. If nurses are to make a full contribution to health care,
      planning programmes must have a nursing input. How this can be achieved, by
      individual nurses and by national nursing associations, is the subject of
      Guidelines produced by the Professional Services Committee of ICN. An abridged
      version of the Guidelines is published here, based on document BD/84/PSC/7.

PMID- 3844388
TI  - What does the PSC do?
AB  - The Professional Services Committee is the only standing committee of ICN. It
      consists of five national representatives from Ghana, Norway, Philippines, Puerto
      Rico and the United Kingdom. It meets once a year, for 3-4 days and it reports to
      the Board of Directors. Martha Quivey (Norway), its chairman, explained its role
      at the professional conference of the Royal College of Nursing recently. This is
      an abridged version of her paper.

PMID- 3844390
TI  - Pointing to a way of hope.

PMID- 3844389
TI  - Trachoma and cataract: two WHO targets.
AB  - Among the four diseases of greatest concern to the WHO Programme for the
      Prevention of Blindness--trachoma, onchocerciasis, xerophthalmia and cataract-
      the first and the last alone have blinded some 26 million people. But the present
      toll of avoidable blindness in developing countries can be reduced by 50% over
      the next ten years.

PMID- 3844391
TI  - A program for psychological and social enhancement during rehabilitation after
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3844392
TI  - Comparison of thermodilution cardiac output measurements by injection of the
      proximal lumen versus side port of the Swan-Ganz catheter.

PMID- 3844393
TI  - Validation of sublingual temperatures in patients with nasogastric tubes.

PMID- 3844394
TI  - Assessment and treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias: the role of
      programmed electrical stimulation, intraoperative mapping, and endocardial
      resection.
AB  - Increasing numbers of patients have survived one or more episodes of life
      threatening VT or VF. This is largely due to more widespread training in
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation to the lay public, the advent of mobile and
      hospital coronary care units with improved survival from myocardial infarction,
      and aggressive treatment of rhythm disturbances. During the past decade, new
      techniques in the assessment and treatment of VT and VF have been introduced.
      These include PES, intraoperative mapping, and endocardial resection. As the use
      of these techniques becomes more widespread, nurses must expand their knowledge
      base to include an understanding of their indications and applications so that
      they may effectively contribute to the emotional and physiologic support of
      patients undergoing such procedures.

PMID- 3844395
TI  - Intra-aortic balloon pumping and stress in the coronary care unit.
AB  - This study compared the perceptions of psychological stress experienced by
      patients on the IABP with that of other patients in the CCU. During 13 weeks,
      structured interviews were conducted with 17 male and 10 female patients: Seven
      were treated with the IABP; 10 were not on the pump but were present during its
      use; and 10 were neither on the pump nor in physical proximity to it. To measure
      psychological stress, each patient responded to a list of 20 potentially
      stressful situations using a stress rating scale. Analysis of variance was used
      to determine differences in perceptions. The results identified factors in the
      CCU that patients perceived as stressful and were compared with those of earlier
      research. Data analysis demonstrated moderate support for the study's hypotheses.
      Stress levels of patients on the IABP were significantly higher than those of
      patients who were not on the IABP but present during its use. No significant
      differences were found between stress levels of patients on the IABP and patients
      with the IAPB absent or between those of the two groups who were not on the pump.
      Implications for nursing care of the patient on the IABP were also discussed.

PMID- 3844397
TI  - Nursing responsibilities in changing visiting restrictions in the intensive care
      unit.

PMID- 3844396
TI  - Treatment and care of "do not resuscitate" patients in a medical intensive care
      unit.

PMID- 3844398
TI  - Education standards for critical care nursing: conceptual framework.
AB  - AACN exists to promote the health and welfare of mankind by advancing the science
      and art of critical care nursing. One of AACN's long-range goals is to promote
      educational standards for critical care nursing. As a prelude to dissemination of
      AACN's Education Standards for Critical Care Nursing, this article presented the
      conceptual framework used to develop this set of standards.

PMID- 3844399
TI  - A study of ventricular ectopy during atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 3844400
TI  - Potassium imbalance in the coronary care unit.
AB  - Alterations in serum potassium levels are not uncommon in this era of wide use of
      diuretics, potassium supplements, and potassium-sparing drugs. Familiarity with
      the characteristic electrocardiographic changes related to abnormal serum levels
      of potassium is necessary in the care of patients in intensive care units.

PMID- 3844401
TI  - [Pregnancy and women's libido].

PMID- 3844402
TI  - [Study trip report].

PMID- 3844404
TI  - A rapid bioluminescent method for the detection of methicillin-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus colonies.
AB  - A rapid method for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
      is described. A bioluminescent technique was used to compare the amounts of
      extracellular adenosine triphosphate released by methicillin-resistant and
      methicillin-sensitive strains. When tested by this method 29 Staph. aureus
      strains of known methicillin susceptibility were correctly identified.

PMID- 3844403
TI  - [Research report. Paracervical block as obstetric analgesia].

PMID- 3844405
TI  - Eukaryotic initiation factor 5 from calf liver is a single polypeptide chain
      protein of Mr = 62,000.
AB  - Eukaryotic initiation factor 5 (eIF-5), which specifically catalyzes the joining
      of a 60 S ribosomal subunit to a 40 S initiation complex to form a functional 80
      S initiation complex, has been purified from ribosomal salt wash proteins of calf
      liver. The purified factor exhibits only one polypeptide band of Mr = 62,000
      following electrophoresis in 10% polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate. The native protein has a sedimentation coefficient of 4.2 S and
      a Stokes radius of 33 A which is consistent with eIF-5 being a monomeric protein
      of Mr = 58,000-62,000. Less pure preparations of eIF-5 elute in gel filtration
      columns with an apparent Mr of 160,000-180,000 presumably due to association of
      eIF-5 with other high molecular weight proteins since eIF-5 activity present in
      such preparations can also be shown by gel electrophoretic separation under
      denaturing conditions to be associated with a 62,000-dalton protein. Furthermore,
      eIF-5 purified from calf liver extracts with or without a number of protease
      inhibitors is indistinguishable with regard to molecular weight and final
      specific activity of purified preparations. The purified factor catalyzes the
      hydrolysis of GTP present in 40 S initiation complexes in the absence of 60 S
      ribosomal subunits. The presence of 60 S ribosomal subunits neither stimulates
      nor inhibits the hydrolysis of GTP. However, the factor cannot mediate 40 S or 40
      + 60 S ribosome-dependent hydrolysis of GTP in the absence of Met-tRNAf or other
      components required for 40 S initiation complex formation. It can be calculated
      that 1 pmol of eIF-5 protein can catalyze the formation of at least 10 pmol of 80
      S initiation complex under the conditions of in vitro initiation reactions.

PMID- 3844407
TI  - Transcription and excision of a large intron in the tRNATrp gene of an
      archaebacterium, Halobacterium volcanii.
AB  - The archaebacterium Halobacterium volcanii contains a single expressed gene for
      tRNATrp. This gene is interrupted, at a position corresponding to two nucleotides
      3' to the anticodon, by an 105-base pair intervening sequence. Northern
      hybridization experiments show that the gene is transcribed in its entirety in
      vivo into a precursor of at least 180 nucleotides, and that one of the products
      of post-transcriptional processing is a 105-nucleotide species containing intron
      specific sequences.

PMID- 3844406
TI  - Formation and release of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 X GDP complex during
      eukaryotic ribosomal polypeptide chain initiation complex formation.
AB  - The formation and release of an eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)-2 X GDP binary
      complex during eIF-5-mediated assembly of an 80 S ribosomal polypeptide chain
      initiation complex have been studied by sucrose gradient centrifugation analysis.
      Isolated 40 S initiation complex reacts with eIF-5 and 60 S ribosomal subunits to
      form an 80 S ribosomal initiation complex with concomitant hydrolysis of an
      equimolar amount of bound GTP to GDP and Pi. Sucrose gradient analysis of
      reaction products revealed that GDP was released from ribosomes as an eIF-2 X GDP
      complex. Evidence is presented that eIF-5-mediated hydrolysis releases the GTP
      bound to the 40 S initiation complex as an intact eIF-2 X GDP complex rather than
      as free GDP and eIF-2 which subsequently recombine to form the binary complex.
      Furthermore, formation and release of eIF-2 X GDP from the ribosomal complex do
      not require concomitant formation of an 80 S initiation complex since both
      reactions occur efficiently when the 40 S initiation complex reacts with eIF-5 in
      the absence of 60 S ribosomal subunits. These results, along with the observation
      that the 40 S initiation complex formed with the nonhydrolyzable analogue of GTP,
      5'-guanylylmethylene diphosphonate, can neither join a 60 S ribosomal subunit nor
      releases ribosome-bound eIF-2, suggest that following eIF-5-mediated hydrolysis
      of GTP bound to the 40 S initiation complex, both Pi and eIF-2 X GDP complex are
      released from ribosomes prior to the joining of 60 S ribosomal subunits to the 40
      S initiation complex.

PMID- 3844408
TI  - Effect of the source of Mueller-Hinton agar and resistance frequency on the
      detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Inconsistencies in the results of disk diffusion tests of oxacillin against
      Staphylococcus aureus that occurred when using commercially prepared Mueller
      Hinton agar from different sources led us to evaluate the ability of media from
      different sources to detect resistance to oxacillin, methicillin, and nafcillin
      in S. aureus. Mueller-Hinton agar from five manufacturers was prepared in our
      laboratory and used for standard disk diffusion and agar dilution tests. Ten
      oxacillin-resistant S. aureus isolates, of which three were definitive-resistant
      and seven were occult-resistant, were examined. All definitive-resistant strains
      were resistant to all three antimicrobial agents on four out of five agars. The
      occult-resistant strains were consistently detected as resistant on only one of
      the agars. With only slight differences, oxacillin, methicillin, and nafcillin
      resistance was more readily detected by disk diffusion and agar dilution when
      initially incubated at 30 degrees C, and extended incubation improved the
      detection. The frequency of resistance within a population of occult-resistant
      cells was low compared with the frequency within a population of definitively
      resistant cells. The heterogeneity of colony morphology and apparent growth rates
      within a population of occult-resistant cells contributed to the problem of
      detecting some resistant isolates. Definitive-resistant isolates were
      characterized by a very high and stable frequency of resistance. Occult-resistant
      strains were characterized by a lower frequency of resistance, although the true
      frequency of resistance may be difficult to ascertain because of heterogeneity in
      growth rates.

PMID- 3844409
TI  - Creative nursing: processive care and more?
AB  - The authors describe a crisis point which led them from considering a
      reorientation of the present BSc (Nursing) curriculum at the University of Cape
      Town, South Africa to undertaking a radical revision of the degree programme.
      While examining final year students they realized that the nurses' excellent
      personal qualities apparent in everyday relationships, were not being used in
      their professional practice on hospital wards. It is suggested that this is due
      partly to an educational programme which neglected what the students already had
      (common sense and logic) and what they already knew from life experience and from
      instinct and intuition. It is also supposed that when hospital wards are their
      first clinical learning areas, nurses divorce patients and disease from the
      'real' world, from the essentials of daily living and from the components of an
      individualized lifestyle. A staged process of learning experience, to include
      looking after healthy, elderly and disabled individuals in homes and institutions
      -with minimal nurse supervision--before exposure to hospital life, is advocated.
      In its present form the nursing process is seen as limiting the creativity of
      nursing practice and the authors suggest that further development of this
      approach is necessary if nursing science is to be interpreted as an art. Finally,
      the authors outline an experimental curriculum which takes cognisance of their
      experiences and syllogistic reasoning, together with a brief description of the
      first few months of its implementation at the University of Cape Town.

PMID- 3844410
TI  - Important clinical teacher behaviours as perceived by university nursing faculty,
      students and graduates.
AB  - This study compared the importance of five categories of clinical teacher
      behaviours as perceived by university nursing faculty, students and practising
      baccalaureate graduates. A survey tool, developed for this study, contained 47
      items; each item describing a clinical teacher behaviour. Participants were asked
      to rate the importance of each item on a seven-point Likert-type scale. Results
      showed similar perceptions of the importance of clinical teacher behaviours
      between the three groups of participants. However, significant differences were
      found between all groups when the perceptions of students in each of the 4 years
      of the nursing programme, faculty and graduates were compared. These results
      indicate a greater variability among students than between students, faculty and
      practising baccalaureate graduates. The importance of this study lies not only in
      the perceptions of the three groups and the questions this raises, but also in
      the conflicting findings between this and other studies.

PMID- 3844411
TI  - A research-based method of selecting curriculum content.
AB  - This paper reports on a study concerning the opinions of sisters and nurse
      teachers regarding the relevance of learning objectives for a specific teaching
      and learning course for hospital and community sisters. The respondents were 29
      sisters who had attended the course, 32 sisters who had not attended the course
      but who were potential future 'consumers' and 25 nurse teachers. The results
      showed that a majority of the respondents rated 29 of the objectives as essential
      and these were suggested as the nucleus of the core curriculum for future
      courses. Responses to nine of the objectives showed statistically significant
      differences between the groups.

PMID- 3844412
TI  - Has the discipline of nursing developed to the stage where nurses do 'think
      nursing'?
AB  - With the increasing complexity and changing conditions of nursing practice, as
      well as the encroachment of other professions on nursing's traditional domain, it
      is becoming increasingly important for nurses to gain insights into the nature of
      nursing knowledge and practice. This paper attempts to outline the meaning of the
      expression 'to think nursing' and the factors involved in such a capacity. The
      work of nurse scholars is then discussed in terms of their contribution towards
      developing the discipline of nursing to the stage where nurses do 'think
      nursing'.

PMID- 3844413
TI  - 'The more things change the more they stay the same': factors affecting the
      implementation of the nursing process.
AB  - One of the biggest problems currently facing the nursing profession is that of
      implementing the nursing process. Innovations in health care often elicit
      obstructions, and objective data which might help us to understand and overcome
      these implementation problems are lacking. The present study considered these
      problems by contrasting two groups of psychiatric nurses both of whom had
      received an in-service course in behaviour therapy. One group went on to
      implement this training by conducting behavioural nursing care plans with their
      patients, whereas the second group did not do so. A retrospective analysis of 25
      variables associated with these groups of nurses indicated that neither subject
      variables, test scores nor learning during the course were good predictors of the
      nurses' implementations of the nursing process. An alternative basis for
      predicting and facilitating implementation is discussed. This focuses on
      institutional variables which may exert more control over the use of the nursing
      process than the personal characteristics of individual nurses. The implications
      of this analysis are important for the selection, training and motivation of
      nurses.

PMID- 3844414
TI  - Gynaecological nursing: a compromising situation.
AB  - Women's health has been a research concern since the growth of modern feminism,
      but few studies have examined the attitudes and opinions of nurses towards
      working with women patients. This exploratory study, using informal interviews
      with 30 gynaecology nurses, is a first attempt to fill this gap. The
      interviewees' attitudes and opinions revealed ambiguities and contradictions
      which led them both to identify with and distance themselves from their women
      patients and the doctors. It is suggested that gynaecological nurses occupy
      shifting positions in the status hierarchies of gender, nursing and medicine, and
      professional specialization. The way they define their role results from attempts
      to improve their status vis-a-vis others in these hierarchies, and to make
      compromises in order to evaluate their own status positively. Strategies are
      suggested for increasing their knowledge and skills based on the hypothesis that
      this would lead to greater clarity of role and job satisfaction, and a higher
      quality of patient care.

PMID- 3844415
TI  - Differential conduction of cold through barriers.
AB  - Despite the widespread use of ice packs in conjunction with ace bandages, padded
      ace bandages and compression dressings in the management of acute soft tissue
      trauma and sprains, the role of these barriers in the conduction of cold has not
      been adequately evaluated. Thermal probes were secured to both ankles of 62
      healthy volunteers. The selected barrier was applied bilaterally and 500 g of
      chipped ice in a plastic bag was placed over the barrier on the right ankle for
      30-45 minutes. A significant reduction in temperature of the right ankle was
      noted in all groups except in the padded ace group. The most rapid decrease in
      temperature was noted during the first 2 minutes of treatment. During the first
      minute, the surface temperature decreased an average of 22 degrees C (ace), 3.8
      degrees C (dry washcloth), 5.2 degrees C (no barrier) and 5.4 degrees C (damp
      washcloth). After 10 minutes, the mean rate of cooling was 0.1-0.2 degree C and
      was approximately the same in all four groups. The Scheffe procedure indicated
      three homogeneous subgroups at 30 minutes: no barrier, damp washcloth; ace, dry
      washcloth; and padded ace. These findings question the clinical usefulness of the
      application of cold over padded aces and compression dressings and the use of a
      damp washcloth to 'protect' the skin from frostbite.

PMID- 3844416
TI  - Nurse/patient dependency--is it iatrogenic?
AB  - It is often assumed that nursing care is given in response to the patient's
      degree of incapacity. This study indicates that rather than nursing care arising
      as a response to patients' dependency, nursing care is producing dependency. A
      considerable proportion of the measured dependency of 168 elderly patients arose
      from the type of nursing care they received--it was iatrogenic. Task allocation
      nursing was found to be positively unhealthy for elderly long-stay patients,
      whilst individualized care (nursing process) was associated with lower patient
      dependency, a shorter hospital stay and a better chance of surviving the hospital
      stay. The findings demonstrate the inadequacy of nurse staffing formulas which
      are based on patient dependency. It is suggested that despite the rising numbers
      of very old people in the population, the elimination of nurse-induced dependency
      could reduce the level of dependency in geriatric wards.

PMID- 3844418
TI  - Development of a new statutory structure for nursing, midwifery and health
      visiting in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 3844417
TI  - Obesity.
AB  - While recognizing that many factors may contribute to the causation of ischaemic
      heart disease, this project attempts an in-depth examination of just one of them-
      obesity. The author has endeavoured to discover if there are sex differences in
      the incidence of obesity and whether or not obesity is related to age. Whilst
      recognizing the limitations of the small sample used in this project some
      tentative conclusions/speculations will be outlined. Some attempt has been made
      to discover if the average person is aware of what is meant by the term 'obesity'
      and if they see themselves as having this problem. Because of an intuition that
      people may become obese due to bad eating habits and ignorance about the
      nutritional value of certain foodstuffs, subjects were asked to list the
      calorific value of certain foods and their responses are discussed. A further
      attempt was made to ascertain whether the respondents had ever gone on a diet and
      if so, the type of diet and the success or otherwise of this measure. The
      subjects were further questioned to discover their level of knowledge regarding
      the possibility of certain disorders arising as a consequence of obesity and
      asked to outline what action they would take if they were faced with these
      consequences. Some conclusions have been drawn regarding the actions which would
      be taken when faced with crippling consequences. Finally, an attempt has been
      made to discover if some psychosocial states contributed to the causation of
      obesity or whether obesity leads to some psychosocial problems.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3844420
TI  - Developments in post-basic nursing education.

PMID- 3844419
TI  - Achievements in basic nursing education.

PMID- 3844421
TI  - Creating colleges of nursing and midwifery in Scotland.

PMID- 3844422
TI  - The European dimension.

PMID- 3844423
TI  - Advanced nursing education.

PMID- 3844424
TI  - Who needs health maintenance?

PMID- 3844425
TI  - GSA: your communication tool.

PMID- 3844426
TI  - Nursing care for aged patients with rectal prolapse.

PMID- 3844427
TI  - Change through environmental interaction makes aging exciting.

PMID- 3844428
TI  - Helping the aged manage bowel function.

PMID- 3844429
TI  - OTC drugs and the elderly.

PMID- 3844430
TI  - "If I have to live, I want to walk".

PMID- 3844431
TI  - Do nurses know when patients have cognitive deficits?

PMID- 3844432
TI  - Osteoporosis: is it inevitable?

PMID- 3844434
TI  - Alzheimer's disease and depression.

PMID- 3844433
TI  - Linking the aged to support systems.

PMID- 3844435
TI  - Guardianship: a serious step as a last resort.

PMID- 3844436
TI  - Assessing needs of the rural elderly.

PMID- 3844437
TI  - Tissue-specific pretranslational regulation of complement production in human
      mononuclear phagocytes.
AB  - The net production of the complement protein C2, C4, and factor B differ among
      mononuclear phagocytes from peripheral blood and different tissues in
      experimental animals and in humans. To examine the mechanisms that regulate these
      differences in humans, the proportions of C2-producing cells, the average single
      cell production rate of C2, the posttranslational glycosylation and kinetics of
      secretion of C2 and factor B, and the amounts of C2 and factor B mRNA were
      examined in freshly isolated peripheral blood monocytes, monocytes maintained up
      to 2 wk in culture, and freshly isolated tissue macrophages from breast milk and
      bronchoalveolar lavage. In addition, the biosynthesis of two other proteins
      synthesized and secreted by mononuclear phagocytes, C3 and lysozyme, were
      examined. We report that despite comparable rates of C3 and lysozyme synthesis
      and similar processing and kinetics of secretion of C2 and factor B, the freshly
      isolated tissue macrophage differs from the monocyte-derived macrophage in the
      proportion of C2-producing cells, in the average single-cell production rate of
      complement, and in the amounts of specific C2 and factor B mRNA. These
      differences are tissue specific, because C2-specific mRNA content in
      bronchoalveolar macrophages is considerably greater than in breast milk
      macrophages, although the amounts of factor B mRNA are comparable. These data
      suggest that tissue-specific regulation of complement production in human
      mononuclear phagocytes occurs at a pretranslational level. These studies now
      provide a basis for investigation of the molecular effects of agents that
      modulate the biologic functions of monocytes and macrophages.

PMID- 3844439
TI  - Nursing in China.

PMID- 3844440
TI  - Pressure ulcer management in the neurologically impaired patient.
AB  - Wounds, such as pressure ulcers, are frequent complications of neurologic
      disorders. Recently, many new products have been developed to assist nursing
      service personnel in the prevention and management of problems of impaired skin
      integrity. This article reviews the physiology of wound healing, nursing
      assessment of risk factors, and pressure ulcer status. In addition, specific
      nursing interventions will be discussed as they relate to pressure ulcer
      management in the neurologically impaired patient.

PMID- 3844438
TI  - Factor B, the complement alternative pathway serine proteinase, is a major
      constitutive protein synthesized and secreted by resident and elicited mouse
      macrophages.
AB  - Factor B, the complement alternative pathway serine proteinase, a class III gene
      product of the major histocompatibility complex, is a major constitutive
      secretion product of mouse mononuclear phagocytes. This glycoprotein was
      synthesized and secreted by macrophages as a doublet of Mr 90,000 and 93,000
      polypeptides that were immunoprecipitable with antibodies raised to human serum
      factor B, and that were indistinguishable from plasma factor B by
      immunoreactivity, peptide mapping, and molecular weight. Macrophage factor B was
      cleaved and activated to factor Bb- and Ba-like fragments by factor D and cobra
      venom factor. Some conversion of macrophage factor B to Bb-sized fragments
      occurred spontaneously in the conditioned culture medium after several hours.
      Factor B represented approximately 0.5% of newly synthesized protein and 4-6% of
      the secreted protein of resident peritoneal macrophages and macrophages elicited
      with thioglycollate broth, pyran copolymer, NaIO4, bacillus Calmette-Guerin, or
      Corynebacterium parvum. We detected synthesis of factor B immediately upon
      explanting these macrophages in culture; synthesis continued for several days in
      culture. The rate of secretion of factor B, as a proportion of total protein
      secretion in culture, remained constant with time. By radioimmunoassay, factor B
      antigens accumulated in the 24-h macrophage-conditioned culture medium at 2-10
      nM, and was present in cell lysates at 4-8 nmol per 10(6) cells. We detected
      synthesis of factor B in bone marrow-derived macrophages as early as 5 d of
      culture. The P388D1 macrophage line synthesized factor B, but mouse L cells did
      not. In contrast, apolipoprotein E, another secreted protein of macrophages, was
      secreted by resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages but not by freshly
      harvested pyran copolymer-activated macrophages. Its synthesis was initiated at
      day 9 in culture of bone marrow-derived macrophages. These data support the
      classification of factor B as a constitutive biosynthetic and secreted protein of
      immature and mature macrophages in various states of activation. Production of
      factor B was modulated by treatment of macrophages in vivo or in culture with
      bacterial lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, which increased the synthesis, secretion,
      and accumulation of factor B up to 11-fold.

PMID- 3844441
TI  - A holistic approach to identifying factors associated with an altered pattern of
      urinary elimination in stroke patients.
AB  - Urination dysfunction is a problem commonly associated with stroke. However, the
      types of urination abnormalities have yet to be adequately classified. An
      exploratory, descriptive study was conducted to determine the definition and
      classification of urination dysfunctions amenable to nursing diagnosis and
      therapy. A model was constructed for this study that enumerated psychological,
      social and biological factors and their relationships to urination dysfunction.
      An abstracting form was developed for obtaining relevant data from discharged
      patients' records. The sample consisted of thirteen stroke patients discharged
      from a rehabilitation service. Tabular presentations and comparisons suggested
      patient characteristics that are pertinent to the diagnosis and treatment of
      urination dysfunction. This study was an initial step in formulating a theory
      about urination dysfunction.

PMID- 3844442
TI  - Arnold-Chiari malformation--a closer look.
AB  - Arnold-Chiari malformation (ACM) is a malformation of the cervico-medullary
      junction characterized by displacement of the cerebellar tonsils, the brainstem
      and the fourth ventricle into the upper cervical canal. The clinical presentation
      of this anomaly is largely dependent upon age at onset, associated pathology, and
      the presence of hydromyelia. Considerable controversy exists within the
      literature concerning pathogenesis, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and successful
      treatment of Arnold-Chiari malformation. This article will examine these issues
      and discuss the nursing management of patients with this syndrome.

PMID- 3844443
TI  - Adrenoleukodystrophy: a fatal disorder with new opportunities for prevention and
      treatment.
AB  - Adrenoleukodystrophy is an X-linked disorder characterized by adrenal
      insufficiency and progressive demyelination of the cerebral white matter. Young
      boys usually become symptomatic during pre- or primary school years and follow a
      time-variable, downhill, terminal course. Diagnostic and carrier testing and
      prenatal diagnosis are available. Several treatments have been used but presently
      treatment is symptomatic. Nursing in adrenoleukodystrophy involves management of
      issues including but not limited to diagnosis, genetics, counseling, physical
      care, emotional care, family care and research.

PMID- 3844444
TI  - Alterations in movement: nursing assessment and implications.
AB  - Physical assessment for nursing purposes is necessarily different from that of
      medicine because the focus of nursing is to diagnose and treat human responses to
      disease rather than the disease itself. This article will consider nursing
      assessment, pathophysiology, implications for daily living, and nursing
      implications for selected functional aspects of movement, namely seeing, eating,
      expressing (facially), speaking, moving, and walking.

PMID- 3844445
TI  - The dilemma of cerebral vasospasm treatment.
AB  - Symptomatic cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured
      saccular aneurysms is a major factor in the neurologic deterioration of these
      patients. Many therapeutic interventions have been proposed to treat this
      cerebral vasospasm; however, the most effective means to counteract this
      development still eludes the health care team. Faced with this dilemma, recent
      investigators have examined subarachnoid blood as visualized on CT scan. These
      studies have enabled them to identify those patients most at risk for developing
      symptomatic cerebral vasospasm. Predicting the occurrence as well as the severity
      and location of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm will facilitate early
      implementation of preventative measures. This knowledge may help to minimize the
      frequent unfavorable outcomes following subarachnoid hemorrhage and the
      subsequent development of vasospasm. The neuroscience nurse can apply this
      information to the clinical setting by being able to identify those patients at
      high risk for developing symptomatic cerebral vasospasm, to improve assessment
      skills, and to plan and anticipate the patient's future needs. A case study is
      offered to illustrate how this is accomplished.

PMID- 3844446
TI  - The tenure of directors of nursing.
AB  - Director of nursing (DON) tenure is often a question of debate, with some
      believing that there is rapid turnover among DONs. A survey of university and
      university-affiliated hospitals was conducted to assess turnover among DONs and
      the reasons they leave their positions. Over a 10-year period, hospitals averaged
      2.5 DONs per hospital. The majority of hospitals (57%) had one to two DONs and
      19% had four or more DONs during this 10-year period. Fifty percent of the
      current DONs have been in their positions for 5 or more years. Termination and
      requested resignation were cited most frequently as the reasons past DONs left
      their positions (40%). In spite of the high termination rate, both DONs and chief
      executive officers (CEOs) feel that they work effectively together.

PMID- 3844447
TI  - Team building: key to executive success.
AB  - The key to executive success is management of the information overload provided
      by today's high technology era. Team building, through identification of
      behavioral styles, helps to enhance self-esteem, utilize inherent skills of
      individuals, and maximize decision making. The style of the team leader who
      shares leadership promotes communication patterns that lead to participatory
      management and harmony within institutions.

PMID- 3844448
TI  - Cost per RN hired.
AB  - Costs of recruiting, hiring, and training new staff members can be significant.
      This article demonstrates a method for analyzing the components of these costs to
      target areas where improved efficiency can lead to lower costs.

PMID- 3844449
TI  - "Can a non-bonder be an effective mentor"?

PMID- 3844450
TI  - Research Proposal: The practical imagination at work.

PMID- 3844451
TI  - Second generation primary nursing. A new agenda.
AB  - Since its inception in the late 1960s, primary nursing has been the subject of
      much misinterpretation, as well as healthy adaptation. Over the last 15 years,
      the first generation of primary nursing users have shown that professional
      nursing is ultimately enhanced, not through changes in staffing patterns, but in
      the locus of accountability. The second generation primary nursing users face the
      challenge of developing a culture that integrates the realities of care delivery
      with the evolving professional status of nursing.

PMID- 3844453
TI  - Public speaking can be improved.
AB  - A poor presentation detracts from an informed and timely message. Nursing
      administrators need to communicate effectively via public speaking to achieve
      their personal and organizational goals. While each one develops a unique
      presentation, style commonalities of public speaking apply to each of us and
      include getting organized to speak, tailoring the message to the audience,
      adapting to audience feedback, and, of key importance, delivering an appealing
      presentation.

PMID- 3844452
TI  - Developing a productive nursing research program in a clinical institution.
AB  - Many nursing administrators are faced with the challenge of developing productive
      nursing research programs. This article describes a systematic process that
      develops a framework that can be used to establish a nursing research program in
      a clinical institution. With this process, each newly developed phase of the
      program is integrated into the program's framework and is consistent with the
      previously developed elements. This article discusses specific ways to maximize
      the program's productivity, credibility, and scientific contribution by focusing
      time and resources on research and estimating potential studies' viability.

PMID- 3844454
TI  - Developing a department newsletter.
AB  - Effective communication and recognition of individual excellence are important in
      any profession. We in nursing have recognized this fact and often incorporate
      these into our professional practice. An inhouse hospital nursing newsletter is
      one of the most recent developments that hospital departments of nursing use to
      meet these goals. This article attempts to demystify the process of establishing
      an editorial board, identifying topics, setting deadlines, working with a
      printer, and formulating a budget.

PMID- 3844455
TI  - "Mentors" and "mentoring".

PMID- 3844456
TI  - Disseminating research: the scholar's commitment.

PMID- 3844457
TI  - Auto safety. Pregnancy and the newborn.
AB  - An overview of the principles, risks, and benefits, and proper usage of
      restraints is presented in reference to both the pregnant woman and the newborn.
      Also, the types and advantages of each restraint are reviewed. Finally, aspects
      of the nurse's role in the education of new parents during the pre- and postnatal
      periods are discussed. In this discussion, specific suggestions are given to meet
      the overall goal of safer auto travel for the pregnant woman and newborn.

PMID- 3844458
TI  - The art of induction/augmentation of labor.
AB  - To manage safely and effectively oxytocin administration, nurses must be
      knowledgeable in theory and skilled in technique. Current theory is explored
      regarding initiation of labor and cervical ripening. The pharmacology of
      oxytocin, uterine response to endogenous and exogenous stimulation of oxytocin,
      and current methods being used to induce/augment labor are discussed. A protocol
      to provide safe, effective guidelines for managing induction/augmentation of
      labor is provided. The goal in oxytocin administration is to use the minimum dose
      necessary to facilitate and maintain an effective uterine response and avoid
      hyperstimulation and fetal distress.

PMID- 3844459
TI  - Pregnancy and cardiac valvular prostheses.
AB  - Many women who have had cardiac valve replacements have reached or will soon be
      reaching childbearing age. Pregnancy exposes these women to potential problems
      resulting from the previous valvuloplasty. The three most common problems in this
      population--thromboembolism, infective endocarditis, and myocardial
      decompensation are discussed through a review of current literature. Preventive
      measures and treatment modalities are presented in order to assist nurses caring
      for these clients during their pregnancy.

PMID- 3844460
TI  - The birth system in Germany.
AB  - Culture affects birth practices in a given country or geographic area. Some
      current birth practices in West Germany in the areas of prenatal care, prepared
      childbirth, intrapartal care, and postpartal care are discussed. While both the
      United States and Germany are considered modern countries in terms of
      technological advancement and educational facilities, very different values and
      practices are evident in the birth systems of the two countries.

PMID- 3844462
TI  - Peers, parents, and partners. Determining the needs of the support person in an
      abortion clinic.
AB  - To ascertain how clinics might better meet the needs of support persons
      accompanying clients for an abortion, data were gathered through a questionnaire
      that related 25 statements to Maslow's five categories of need. The expressed
      needs of each support person were assessed and then compared by three groups
      designated by their relationship to the abortion client as either female peer,
      parent, or male partner. Significant differences (P less than 0.05) among
      categories of support persons were demonstrated on six of the 25 statements, a
      finding that suggests that abortion clinics should develop and implement
      counseling programs specific to the needs of each of the different groups.

PMID- 3844461
TI  - Women's perceptions of first trimester spontaneous abortion.
AB  - Fifteen to twenty percent of all pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion. For
      many women, this loss is nearly the equivalent of the loss of a real baby. To
      explore the complexity of women's responses to spontaneous abortion, nine women
      were given a questionnaire to complete regarding experiences and behaviors at the
      time of the miscarriage. The data revealed that each woman was affected, to some
      degree, by her experience with a spontaneous abortion. A comprehensive
      psychologic approach to this special client is needed to help more effectively
      the woman who aborts in the first trimester cope with the very real loss of an
      infant.

PMID- 3844463
TI  - Expectation and experience in alternative and conventional birth.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine if differences exist between the clients of
      two types of health-care services with regard to the childbirth experience. Nurse
      midwife-attended and physician-attended births were compared in terms of the
      birthing woman's expected and actual participation in her own birthing
      experience. Questionnaires were completed before and after delivery. The nurse
      midwife group both anticipated and experienced significantly more active
      participation in the birth than the physician group. Also, women attended by
      nurse-midwives viewed themselves and their partners as the most important
      individuals for contributing to the satisfaction of the experience while women
      attended by physicians more often viewed the infant as most important.
      Differences between the study groups were also found regarding the perceived
      importance of the birth attendant and the staff nurse.

PMID- 3844464
TI  - Developmental issues and the choice of feeding method of adolescent mothers.
AB  - Approximately one million teenagers become pregnant each year, resulting in over
      600,000 live births. An exploratory study was conducted to look at attitudes of
      adolescent mothers toward breastfeeding. Striking differences were found in the
      responses between groups of breastfeeding and bottlefeeding mothers. The effect
      of developmental needs and levels on the choice of feeding method was explored.

PMID- 3844466
TI  - Part I: fluid balance.

PMID- 3844465
TI  - Reduction of contact factors in sickle cell disease.
AB  - Surface-mediated reactions of clotting were compared in 21 black children with
      homozygous sickle cell disease, 12 age-matched controls, and 15 adults. Both the
      coagulant and antigen titers of Hageman factor (factor XII) were decreased in
      asymptomatic patients compared with those in the control groups. These findings
      were associated with slight but significant reductions in the plasma titers of
      prekallikrein and high molecular weight kininogen. A further decrease from the
      initially low titers of these contact factors was observed during vaso-occlusive
      crises. Additionally, we observed a disparate relationship between Hageman factor
      coagulant activity and its antigen titers. These data provide evidence for
      reduction of the contact factors in patients with homozygous sickle cell disease.

PMID- 3844467
TI  - The heart--taking a closer look.

PMID- 3844468
TI  - Pre-dialysis patient education.

PMID- 3844470
TI  - Preventing adverse drug reactions in patients with renal failure.

PMID- 3844469
TI  - Monthly home patient checklist: a dialysis assessment tool.

PMID- 3844471
TI  - Adolescents with end stage renal disease: indications for nursing interventions.

PMID- 3844472
TI  - Nutritional cornucopia.

PMID- 3844473
TI  - Dialysis decision: unsolved controversy.

PMID- 3844474
TI  - Facts through fiction. Teaching health by telling stories.

PMID- 3844475
TI  - Dialog with death.

PMID- 3844476
TI  - Self-sacrifice and self-destruction. A christian looks at suicide.

PMID- 3844477
TI  - Klinefelter syndrome.

PMID- 3844478
TI  - Depression in women.

PMID- 3844479
TI  - Advancing the science of victimology.

PMID- 3844480
TI  - Hearing voices.

PMID- 3844481
TI  - [Administration of massive dosages of immunoglobulin for the treatment of
      juvenile rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3844482
TI  - [Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome].

PMID- 3844483
TI  - [Primary care of patients with cerebrovascular disorders].

PMID- 3844484
TI  - [Nursing keypoints in the primary care of patients with cerebrovascular
      disorders].

PMID- 3844485
TI  - [Factors involving the examiner affecting the blood pressure reading--evaluation
      of individual differences in the hearing and visual functions].

PMID- 3844486
TI  - [Ureterostomy: its role and significance].

PMID- 3844487
TI  - [WHO stand and universal trends in education of diabetic patients].

PMID- 3844488
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of visual disturbances of the aged].

PMID- 3844490
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of disorders of somatosensory perception of the aged].

PMID- 3844489
TI  - [Diagnosis, treatment, and nursing of hearing disorders of the aged].

PMID- 3844491
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of agnosia of the aged].

PMID- 3844492
TI  - [Sensory disturbances of the aged and rehabilitation].

PMID- 3844493
TI  - [Sensory disturbances of the aged and nursing interactions].

PMID- 3844494
TI  - [Nursing problems of aged patients with sensory disturbances and establishment of
      a nursing standard].

PMID- 3844495
TI  - [Nursing of aged patients with visual disturbances--accident prevention at an
      ophthalmology ward].

PMID- 3844496
TI  - [Guidance and assistance for aged patients with agnosia].

PMID- 3844497
TI  - [Nursing of an aged patient with dementia and a visual disorder--changes in daily
      activities associated with cataract extraction].

PMID- 3844498
TI  - [Nursing of an aged patient with a hearing disorder].

PMID- 3844499
TI  - [Mediation and solution of interpersonal problems in a family composed of an aged
      couple with hearing disorders and persecution complexes, their son and his wife].

PMID- 3844500
TI  - [Space for life activities of visually handicapped--a trial at a home for aged
      visually-handicapped patients].

PMID- 3844501
TI  - [Hearing evaluation of patients with hearing disorders and the role of language
      therapists--with special reference to senile hearing disorders and auditory
      agnosia].

PMID- 3844502
TI  - [A methodology in an interaction by listening--an interaction with new patients
      at the reception window for assignment to a department].

PMID- 3844503
TI  - [Changes in sensory perception and the neurological mechanism associated with
      aging].

PMID- 3844504
TI  - [Evaluation of the extent of nursing of aged patients--nursing following surgical
      therapy].

PMID- 3844505
TI  - [Intranasal instillation of desmopressin for the treatment of refractory
      enuresis].

PMID- 3844506
TI  - [Reconstruction of the cruciate ligament of the knee using an artificial
      ligament].

PMID- 3844507
TI  - [Triage of emergency patients and keypoints at the initial care].

PMID- 3844508
TI  - [Respiratory and circulatory care at the emergency outpatient service].

PMID- 3844509
TI  - [Nursing planning of initial care at the emergency clinic].

PMID- 3844510
TI  - [Indication and timing of emergency surgery].

PMID- 3844511
TI  - [Diagnostic tests and preoperative treatment necessary for emergency surgery].

PMID- 3844513
TI  - [Emergency surgery of brain diseases].

PMID- 3844512
TI  - [Anesthesia in emergency surgery].

PMID- 3844514
TI  - [Emergency surgery of thoracic diseases].

PMID- 3844515
TI  - [Treatment at the emergency clinic and emergency surgery of abdominal conditions
      including abdominal injuries].

PMID- 3844516
TI  - [Emergency surgery of the extremities].

PMID- 3844517
TI  - [preoperative nursing of patients undergoing emergency surgery].

PMID- 3844518
TI  - [Preparation of the operating room for emergency surgery].

PMID- 3844519
TI  - [Nursing during thoracotomy and laparotomy of DOA (dead on arrival) patients].

PMID- 3844520
TI  - [Nursing of patients with severe injuries undergoing emergency surgery].

PMID- 3844521
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage following emergency surgery of
      ruptured cerebral aneurysm].

PMID- 3844522
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with a thoracic injury--a case of a penetrating thoracic
      injury].

PMID- 3844523
TI  - [Postoperative care of a patient with perforating duodenal ulcer associated with
      hemorrhaging gastric ulcer].

PMID- 3844524
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with multiple fractures of the left femur].

PMID- 3844525
TI  - [Medicine of tomorrow and the role of nurses--expectation of a physician].

PMID- 3844526
TI  - [Treatment of refractory diseases: a discussion].

PMID- 3844527
TI  - [Automated maternity care].

PMID- 3844528
TI  - [Premenstrual tension--causes and treatment].

PMID- 3844529
TI  - [Health education of risk groups in Finland].

PMID- 3844531
TI  - Career choice gaming to reduce absenteeism.

PMID- 3844532
TI  - Power in nursing.

PMID- 3844530
TI  - [Perinatal information base].

PMID- 3844533
TI  - For new grads--picking an employer.

PMID- 3844534
TI  - Peer assistance program revises guidelines. KSNA further refines its program to
      help chemically dependent nurses.

PMID- 3844535
TI  - A "second opinion"... Increasing your personal power.

PMID- 3844537
TI  - [Nursing care in the International Red Cross Committee. A matter of wits and
      survival].

PMID- 3844536
TI  - If your feet are cold--put on a hat.

PMID- 3844538
TI  - [Testimony of a nurse. 21 hours in the surgical hospital of Kab Cherng].

PMID- 3844539
TI  - [Nutritional activities of the International Red Cross Committee. Breaking the
      vicious circle].

PMID- 3844540
TI  - [Sanitary activities. We extend the activities of engineers].

PMID- 3844541
TI  - [Mission to Tripoli (Lebanon). I have attempted the experience].

PMID- 3844542
TI  - [Mission to South Lebanon. No education can really prepare you].

PMID- 3844543
TI  - [Mission to Pakistan. Working in the perspective of a progressive withdrawal].

PMID- 3844544
TI  - [International Red Cross Committee's mission to Lebanon. Malleability from action
      and pursuit].

PMID- 3844545
TI  - [Nursing aspects of urinary incontinence. Incontinence is not the fate of the
      aged].

PMID- 3844546
TI  - [2 Swiss nurses attend continuing education course in England. Promoting
      continence: a conscious process].

PMID- 3844547
TI  - [Work meeting in the Gottlieb-Duttweiler Institute. Cost control and stress on
      cost of personnel?].

PMID- 3844548
TI  - [International Red Cross Committee's mission in El Salvador. Aid and contact with
      the outside world].

PMID- 3844549
TI  - [International Red Cross Committee's mission in Uganda. Refugee within one's own
      country].

PMID- 3844550
TI  - [The child with hydrocephalus].

PMID- 3844551
TI  - [Tuberculosis and its control. Attacked but not conquered].

PMID- 3844552
TI  - [Ambulatory childbirth. 3 hours after childbirth home again].

PMID- 3844553
TI  - [Annual meeting 1984 of the Society for Hospital Hygiene. The effectiveness of
      hospital hygiene measures].

PMID- 3844554
TI  - [Art as therapy].

PMID- 3844555
TI  - [Continuing education meeting for nurse anesthetists. The patient with
      respiration disorders].

PMID- 3844556
TI  - [Students as work animals?].

PMID- 3844557
TI  - [Aggressiveness of nursing personnel].

PMID- 3844558
TI  - [Professional activities and personality. Images of the nurse].

PMID- 3844559
TI  - [Another point of view. Children's image of the nurse].

PMID- 3844560
TI  - ["Khadafi" patients and "Terre des Hommes". What has become of them?].

PMID- 3844561
TI  - [Signs which unwittingly betray us. Transparency of gestures].

PMID- 3844562
TI  - [Indications for and results of antibiotic prophylaxis].

PMID- 3844563
TI  - [Stomach cancer caused by nitrosamine. Role of vitamin C for its prevention].

PMID- 3844565
TI  - [Every patient his or her nurse. Primary nursing].

PMID- 3844564
TI  - [When nursing home residents make their caretakers heir].

PMID- 3844566
TI  - [A new profession with future possibilities: veterinary practitioner].

PMID- 3844567
TI  - [Causes, clinical aspects and therapy of kidney stones].

PMID- 3844568
TI  - The role of focus group interviews in designing a smoking prevention program.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to gather data that would be applied to the design
      of an adolescent smoking prevention program. Focus group interviews, a form of
      qualitative research used in social marketing, were used to gather information
      from the adolescent participants to ensure that the program would reflect the
      needs and interests of the target population. The participants consisted of sixth
      graders from urban and rural areas, and black and white populations of low
      socioeconomic status. A total of eight focus groups was conducted with eight
      participants in each focus group. Activities such as auctions, roleplays, and
      guided discussions were carried out to learn about participant likes, dislikes,
      values, ideas, and abilities to turn down cigarettes. Following substantiation by
      a quantitative evaluation, this information was incorporated into the program and
      materials to ensure the maximum effectiveness of the intervention.

PMID- 3844569
TI  - Knowledge of toxic shock syndrome among adolescent females: a need for education.
AB  - Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) has been identified as a potentially fatal but
      preventable illness that causes disease, disability, and premature death,
      especially among adolescent females using high absorbency tampons. In 1983 the
      authors surveyed 129 high school girls in three midwestern senior high schools to
      determine the relationship between choice of a menstrual product and knowledge
      about toxic shock syndrome. The study found that the knowledge level of
      adolescent females about TSS was fragmented and inaccurate. No significant
      relationship was found between choice of a menstrual product and knowledge about
      TSS; very little variation existed between the scores for napkin users, regular
      tampon users, and high absorbency tampon users. Results of the study are
      discussed in terms of the implications for the health of adolescent females.
      Recommendations are offered for utilizing health professionals, parents, and the
      news media in the development of toxic shock education programs.

PMID- 3844570
TI  - Health variables and school achievement.
AB  - Students who failed the Cognitive Skills Assessment Battery (CSAB) at the
      beginning of first grade were compared to those who passed on health factors,
      health history, family characteristics, socioeconomic factors, health ratings by
      the classroom teacher and the school nurse, and achievement on the Basic Skills
      Assessment Program (BSAP) at the end of first grade. Significant differences were
      found on family characteristics, birth history, and health ratings. Only ear
      problems were significantly related to the academic variables. Health problems
      were found to be moderately related to academic variables. This relationship is
      influenced by family socioeconomic variables.

PMID- 3844571
TI  - Project SCAN: counseling teen-age parents in a school setting.
AB  - A three-year interdisciplinary intervention program with adolescent parents and
      expectant parents was implemented within a public school system. The program
      combined educational and counseling efforts within a regular school to provide
      information, support, and the opportunity for personal growth. Program
      organization and implementation are discussed as well as implications for health
      professionals. There was evidence that the program was effective with respect to
      an important goal: keeping the students in school. For the three years of the
      project, significantly more program participants remained in school than control
      group members.

PMID- 3844572
TI  - Correlates of temperate and intemperate attitudes toward alcohol use.
AB  - The relationship between alcohol attitudes and the personality variables of locus
      of control and authoritarianism was investigated for a sample of 791 high school
      students. Authoritarianism was negatively related to indiscriminate attitudes and
      positively related to responsible attitudes toward alcohol use for both males and
      females. The locus of control dimension correlated with alcohol attitudes for
      females only. The findings provide information useful in the identification of
      adolescents at risk for problematic drinking.

PMID- 3844573
TI  - Ten smoking education programs for schools.

PMID- 3844574
TI  - Reaffirming the need for parent involvement in health education.

PMID- 3844575
TI  - Parental evaluations of a sex education course for young adolescents.
AB  - Parental evaluations of their children's participation in a school-based sex
      education program for young adolescents were conducted by interview using a
      structured questionnaire. Parents were asked questions concerning: course
      objectives, course content, instructional materials, expectations, perceived
      effectiveness, and important outcomes of the instruction. The sex education
      course was six weeks in length, meeting for 50 minutes daily. The program was
      comprehensive and did not avoid areas typically thought of as controversial. The
      results indicated parental support for the sex education program and the
      evaluation provided useful information for program revision. An examination of
      the findings suggest a paradox in that parents want their children to be informed
      about sexuality and to be able to make decisions that would avoid problems, but
      they are uneasy about dealing directly with sexual behavior.

PMID- 3844576
TI  - A study of current school nurse practice activities.
AB  - In this paper a survey of activities of school nurses will be described. A brief
      summary of the history of school nursing is included as an introduction to the
      analysis of the current activities of school nurses. Five current school nurse
      activity clusters are identified from findings of a study of activities:
      physical, supportive, educative, administrative, and clerical. The development
      and implementation of administrative skills are cited as major challenges for
      school nurses in the 1980s.

PMID- 3844577
TI  - The self-care motivation model: theory and practice in healthy human development.
AB  - Effective health education and behavior motivation programs are needed to promote
      the compliance of children and young adults with preventive health care
      practices. Health promotion and primary prevention programs must consider the
      entire individual as well as his or her environment if positive behavior changes
      are to be maintained. This paper introduces an innovative model for self-care
      motivation curriculum development. The model prescribes the use of value
      clarification, enhanced physical/cognitive/affective awareness, positive
      lifestyle choices, and self-reinforcement skills training whereby individuals
      learn to become self-motivated and reinforcing agents for their own primary
      preventive health practices. It is theorized that by developing self-care and
      self-regulation skills, students will achieve and maintain higher levels of
      wellness, thus improving the quality of their lives and ensuring healthy human
      development.

PMID- 3844578
TI  - The impact of aging on human sexuality.
AB  - Review of gerontological and medical literature reveals the need for education
      for lay persons and professionals about the effects of the aging process on human
      sexuality. Primary prevention of psychosocial problems and sexual dysfunction
      could be abated by including accurate information about sexuality and aging and
      effective communication techniques in sexuality education programs, including
      those with young adults. In addition, professional preparation of health
      educators must include the skills and knowledge needed in this area.

PMID- 3844579
TI  - The prevalence of intestinal parasites in children living in an unincorporated
      area in rural northern Florida.
AB  - A survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitism in 65
      native-born preschool and school-age children living in an unincorporated area of
      northern Florida. Fifty-seven percent of the children were found to be infected
      with intestinal parasites. Sixty-eight percent of males surveyed and 47% of
      females had either single or multiple infections. Prevalence was greatest in the
      five-10-year-old age group. For the total child population surveyed, parasitic
      infections in order of most to least prevalent were ascariasis (32%); giardiasis
      (29%); trichuriasis (14%); and hookworm (2%).

PMID- 3844580
TI  - The First Lady's drug awareness campaign: questions and answers from Mrs. Nancy
      Reagan.

PMID- 3844581
TI  - The "nurse" in school nursing.

PMID- 3844582
TI  - Nation's first nurse-midwifery chair endowed at frontier school.

PMID- 3844583
TI  - The silent killer: shaken child syndrome goes unnoticed.

PMID- 3844584
TI  - Implementation of nursing diagnosis at Central State Hospital.

PMID- 3844585
TI  - Computer system support.

PMID- 3844586
TI  - Legal issues of nursing practice.

PMID- 3844587
TI  - Patient education by closed-circuit television.

PMID- 3844589
TI  - Why baccalaureate education?

PMID- 3844588
TI  - RN to BSN: choose a program that is right for you.

PMID- 3844590
TI  - Administrators: on the cutting edge of changes in health care.

PMID- 3844591
TI  - MCH Nurse Achiever: Patricia Watkins, RN, BSN, PNP. Interview by Sheila Ward.

PMID- 3844592
TI  - Guidelines to facilitate decision making in giving/accepting assignments.

PMID- 3844593
TI  - Mask wearing in the labour ward.

PMID- 3844594
TI  - Exeter midwives' Advisory Centre.

PMID- 3844595
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a neonatal unit.

PMID- 3844596
TI  - RCM evidence to--the Pay Review Body for nursing and midwifery staffs and the
      professions allied to medicine 1985.

PMID- 3844597
TI  - The role of the obstetric anaesthetist.

PMID- 3844598
TI  - Counselling for midwives, health visitors & nurses.

PMID- 3844599
TI  - Excision and infibulation: a painful practice.

PMID- 3844600
TI  - What is a nurse?

PMID- 3844601
TI  - Carbohydrate composition of the second, third and fifth components and factors B
      and D of human complement.
AB  - The carbohydrate composition of the second, third and fifth components of human
      complement (C2, C3 and C5) and of factors B and D was determined employing gas
      chromatographic and mass-spectrometric methods. C2 was found to contain 15.9%
      carbohydrate composed of fucose, galactose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine and N
      acetylneuraminate (approximate molar ratio 1:4:9:9:4). N-acetylglucosamine and
      mannose (approximate molar ratio 1:4), amounting to 1.7% of the mass of the
      molecule, were the only monosaccharides detected in C3. C5 contained 3.8%
      carbohydrate composed of galactose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine and N
      acetylneuraminate (approximate molar ratio 2:4:4-5:2). The carbohydrate moiety of
      B consisted of fucose, galactose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine and N
      acetylneuraminate (molar ratio 1:2:3:4:2). The total carbohydrate content of B
      was estimated at 8.6%. In addition to these monosaccharides, glucose (0.4-0.9%)
      was also detected in all preparations analysed. Glucose was the only sugar
      detected in D.

PMID- 3844602
TI  - A personal experience.

PMID- 3844604
TI  - Wot--No swab rack?

PMID- 3844603
TI  - Interface. Hazards to patients during surgery. No. 4. Nerve injuries.

PMID- 3844605
TI  - 2nd Congress of German speaking theatre nurses.

PMID- 3844606
TI  - Training for the ward sister.

PMID- 3844608
TI  - Paediatric orthopaedic care.

PMID- 3844607
TI  - The Kings Fund Sister Training Course.

PMID- 3844609
TI  - Types of tourniquet and their maintenance.

PMID- 3844611
TI  - Effects of methylemethacrylate bone cement.

PMID- 3844610
TI  - The Banks-Salford rod technique for spinal stabilization in malignancy.

PMID- 3844613
TI  - Preparation for surgery--a playworkers view.

PMID- 3844612
TI  - Helping children cope with a visit to theatre.

PMID- 3844614
TI  - Not so much a system, more a way of life.

PMID- 3844615
TI  - Principles and practice of AO.

PMID- 3844616
TI  - So you're going to have an operation.

PMID- 3844618
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. The last straw.

PMID- 3844617
TI  - Educators need to be more flexible.

PMID- 3844619
TI  - Gravest concern about such dereliction of responsibility towards patients.

PMID- 3844620
TI  - Too much talk and not enough action to solve problems of elderly.

PMID- 3844621
TI  - College fears government tax on pensions.

PMID- 3844622
TI  - First nurses appointed DHA general managers.

PMID- 3844623
TI  - Stand up and be counted.

PMID- 3844624
TI  - Royal College of Nursing: AIDS and the media.

PMID- 3844625
TI  - Experience made great by their positive attitudes, wisdom and clinical expertise.

PMID- 3844626
TI  - The role of the nurse personnel officer could become extinct.

PMID- 3844627
TI  - College welcomes maternity services advisory group's report.

PMID- 3844628
TI  - CLR (Committee on Labor Relations) group to study contracts in the NHS.

PMID- 3844629
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Fresh approach.

PMID- 3844630
TI  - Get out of the sluice, Minister--there is a limit to slices available whatever
      cake size!

PMID- 3844631
TI  - Neither sensationalism nor balanced discussion has resulted in a good strategy on
      AIDS.

PMID- 3844633
TI  - Prison practicum scores points with students and inmates.

PMID- 3844632
TI  - Urinary kallikrein excretion in glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - To assess the possible role of the renal kallikrein-kinin system in the
      pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis (GN), 24 h urinary kallikrein excretion (Uka)
      was measured in normal controls and in 32 patients with GN, 16 of whom had
      nephrotic syndrome. Compared with controls, Uka was decreased in GN without
      nephrotic syndrome (4.6 +/- 2.8 nkat day-1, controls 11.5 +/- 3.5 nkat day-1) but
      was markedly increased in patients with nephrotic syndrome (26.7 +/- 9.9 nkat day
      1). The increased kallikrein excretion in nephrotic syndrome was not explained by
      leakage from plasma, protein binding of active kallikrein, passive 'washout' due
      to changes in sodium and water excretion, or by increased activity of the renin
      angiotensin-aldosterone system, but may relate to changes in extracellular
      volume, plasma oncotic pressure and volume, or other intrarenal haemodynamic or
      hormonal factors. Increased activity of the renal kallikrein-kinin system is not
      a uniform finding in glomerulonephritis, but may be an important aspect of
      nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 3844634
TI  - Keeping a university well with a health promotion clinic.

PMID- 3844635
TI  - "You ain't seen nothing yet:" fight for federal funding of nursing education
      heats up.

PMID- 3844636
TI  - Faculty expertise in practice--a school succeeding.

PMID- 3844637
TI  - A nurse-managed clinical practice unit: Part I--The positives.

PMID- 3844638
TI  - Implementing a critical care practicum.

PMID- 3844639
TI  - A women's clinic in a university setting. Faculty and student practice.

PMID- 3844640
TI  - Integrating cultural content into the nursing curriculum.

PMID- 3844641
TI  - Summer camp: an overlooked site for faculty clinical practice?

PMID- 3844642
TI  - Toward a new definition of creativity.

PMID- 3844644
TI  - 8 rules to remember when caring for the patient with a Swan-Ganz catheter.

PMID- 3844643
TI  - Nursing diagnosis: keystone of your care plan.

PMID- 3844645
TI  - Drawing Robbie into a circle of love: just in time.

PMID- 3844646
TI  - Autotransfusion is here--are you ready?

PMID- 3844647
TI  - Heed the early warning signs of peripheral vascular disease.

PMID- 3844648
TI  - Assessing breath sounds.

PMID- 3844649
TI  - Doing it better. Helping a laryngectomy patient go home.

PMID- 3844650
TI  - Turn conflict into cooperation.

PMID- 3844651
TI  - Sharing. "Only" a dream.

PMID- 3844652
TI  - Sharing. No more Dracula jokes, please.

PMID- 3844653
TI  - Look in and on the patient's chart for allergy information.

PMID- 3844654
TI  - Understanding cardiac output and the drugs that affect it (continuing education
      credits).

PMID- 3844655
TI  - Discharging the critically injured patient against medical advice.

PMID- 3844656
TI  - New analgesic therapy relieves cancer pain without oversedation.

PMID- 3844657
TI  - You can drive back infection if you know where to make your stand.

PMID- 3844658
TI  - Action stat! Insulin shock.

PMID- 3844659
TI  - Caring for the postoperative patient with an abdominal drain.

PMID- 3844660
TI  - Guidelines for giving bad news by phone.

PMID- 3844661
TI  - The littlest instructor.

PMID- 3844662
TI  - The way to go--from conflict to collegiality.

PMID- 3844663
TI  - Protecting yourself legally after a patient's injured.

PMID- 3844664
TI  - The slow-code dilemma.

PMID- 3844665
TI  - What nurses think of computers.

PMID- 3844666
TI  - Recognizing and responding to increased I.C.P.

PMID- 3844667
TI  - Nose-to-nose conflict: here's how to find the middle ground.

PMID- 3844668
TI  - Legal risks from loving families.

PMID- 3844669
TI  - The most difficult person I've ever worked with. Maria was a master of
      intimidation.

PMID- 3844670
TI  - Improving your laugh life.

PMID- 3844671
TI  - Professional style: an update. Clothes speak louder than words.

PMID- 3844672
TI  - Court case: poor patient teaching.

PMID- 3844673
TI  - Seven steps to staff reduction.

PMID- 3844674
TI  - Reducing stock piles improves cost effectiveness.

PMID- 3844675
TI  - Productivity: how much does this job mean?

PMID- 3844676
TI  - Collective bargaining: serving the common good in a crisis.

PMID- 3844677
TI  - Maintaining CCU skill: a time to check it out.

PMID- 3844679
TI  - Six steps to personal fulfillment in nursing.

PMID- 3844678
TI  - Interunit rotation: a chance to choose.

PMID- 3844680
TI  - Practical management course. Module 16: managing the underachiever.

PMID- 3844681
TI  - Occupational health nurse's liability.

PMID- 3844682
TI  - Art & science of management. Caught in the middle.

PMID- 3844684
TI  - Law for the nurse manager. Right of privacy: limit.

PMID- 3844683
TI  - Survival of the slickest.

PMID- 3844685
TI  - Managing the intermediate product.

PMID- 3844686
TI  - Moral: how can I do what's right?

PMID- 3844687
TI  - Product selection in the hospital: controlling cost.

PMID- 3844689
TI  - PNA: supervising advanced practice nurses.

PMID- 3844688
TI  - Materials management: a model for product review.

PMID- 3844690
TI  - Practitioner vs. bureaucrat: professions in conflict.

PMID- 3844691
TI  - Practical management course. Module 17; whole brain management: part 1.

PMID- 3844693
TI  - On the cutting edge.

PMID- 3844692
TI  - Art & science of management. So you want to be a leader?

PMID- 3844694
TI  - The older employee and pre-retirement.

PMID- 3844695
TI  - The older employee and preretirement.

PMID- 3844696
TI  - Physiologic aspects of aging.

PMID- 3844697
TI  - The psychological development of the older worker.

PMID- 3844698
TI  - Over the back fence.

PMID- 3844700
TI  - Exercise, aging and health.

PMID- 3844699
TI  - Nutrition for the older adult: diet needn't be hazardous to health.

PMID- 3844701
TI  - Sleep and aging.

PMID- 3844702
TI  - ONA promotes and maintains the good health of nursing.

PMID- 3844703
TI  - Psychiatric nursing on the DDTP unit: stimulating and rewarding for nurses.

PMID- 3844705
TI  - Cardiovascular update.

PMID- 3844704
TI  - "Giving to get" research by nurses in service setting.

PMID- 3844706
TI  - Faces of nursing. Clinical specialist sees community education as key.

PMID- 3844707
TI  - Nursing care of skeletal pins: a closer look (continuing education).

PMID- 3844708
TI  - Bunionectomies.

PMID- 3844710
TI  - Hippocrates: above all, do no harm.

PMID- 3844709
TI  - Total knee arthroplasty: biomechanical and nursing considerations.

PMID- 3844711
TI  - Noncemented femoral prosthesis: intraoperative focus.

PMID- 3844712
TI  - Porous coated femoral prosthesis: concepts and care considerations.

PMID- 3844713
TI  - Development of a nursing assessment tool to diagnose altered body image in
      immobilized patients.

PMID- 3844714
TI  - Improving nutrition in children with cancer.

PMID- 3844715
TI  - NAPNAP: looking to the future.

PMID- 3844716
TI  - Parents and the sexuality of preschool children.

PMID- 3844717
TI  - Decreasing toddlers' sodium intake.

PMID- 3844718
TI  - Pediatric drug information: use of aerosol inhalers by asthmatics.

PMID- 3844719
TI  - Preparing well children for possible hospitalization.

PMID- 3844720
TI  - Pediatric management problem: conversion disorder.

PMID- 3844721
TI  - Beware of beasts in research.

PMID- 3844722
TI  - Strategies for creating a job: collaborative practice.

PMID- 3844724
TI  - Systematic evaluation of programs in nursing.

PMID- 3844723
TI  - Systematic evaluation of programs in nursing.

PMID- 3844725
TI  - Methodology and tools of evaluation.

PMID- 3844726
TI  - A systems approach to determining an effective time frame for systematic
      evaluation.

PMID- 3844727
TI  - Using the outcomes of a systematic evaluation plan.

PMID- 3844728
TI  - A theoretical model of support network conflict experienced by new mothers.
AB  - Women who have had their first child often receive help from persons comprising
      their support network. Although this help is well-intentioned, studies show that
      it may be associated with conflict between the new mother and others within the
      support network. Identification of factors influencing support network conflict
      is important so that nursing interventions can be implemented to reduce or avoid
      conflict. This article explores the topic of support network conflict and
      proposes a theoretical model of factors influencing support network conflict.

PMID- 3844729
TI  - Development of a tool for diagnosing changes in concern about exercise: a means
      of enhancing compliance.
AB  - Attrition is a problem in exercise programs. This may be due to the existence of
      stages in the process of acquiring new exercise behaviors. The Stages of Concern
      for Exercise (SOCE) scale was adapted from an educational innovations tool to
      examine exercise behavior. Content validity was established using a panel of
      judges. Alpha reliability coefficients calculated for the seven subscales or
      stages of concern were: .50 (Indifference), .78 (Informational), .77 (Personal),
      .82 (Management), .77 (Consequences), .81 (Collaboration), .65 (Refocusing). Two
      hundred fourteen subjects were recruited during the screening phase of a
      comprehensive work site health program. Relationships between scores on the SOCE
      and self-reports of minutes of exercise, history of exercise, enrollment in an
      exercise program, and ratings of expertise at exercise provide tentative
      validity.

PMID- 3844730
TI  - Ethical decision making in a bureaucratic context by senior nursing students.
AB  - This study examined the priorities reflected in the decisions reported by 775
      senior baccalaureate nursing students in 16 Midwestern colleges and universities
      when presented a case depicting an ethical dilemma in nursing practice. In small
      groups of five each, the students arrived at a course of action to take in
      dealing with the dilemma. Categories for classifying responses were derived from
      the literature in nursing ethics. Categories used in content analysis of
      responses were: (1) patient-centered responses, (2) physician-centered responses,
      and (3) bureaucratic-centered responses. The small groups of students made from 3
      to 17 decisions trying to resolve the dilemma, with a mean number of 8 decisions
      per group. Of the 1,163 decisions, 9% were in the patient-centered category, 19%
      were in the physician-centered category, and 60% were in the bureaucratic
      centered category. Select characteristics of participants were examined for
      relationships to group responses. Group responses did not differ significantly by
      education, clinical experience, previous experience with a similar dilemma, or RN
      status of group members. Students agreed on the first steps to take to resolve
      the dilemma, but achieved no consensus about where the nurse's responsibility
      ended. Examining the decisions made by nurses in response to an ethical dilemma
      is important in arriving at a better understanding of the relationship between
      ethical problems in professional practice and the influence of social
      organizations or bureaucracies on nursing roles.

PMID- 3844731
TI  - Emerging content in nursing: an analysis of dissertation abstracts and titles:
      1976-1982.
AB  - This study describes the distribution of content in nursing doctoral program
      dissertations over a six-year period (1976-1982). Dissertation abstracts were
      requested from the 25 nursing doctoral programs that admitted students in the
      fall of 1982. A total of 319 dissertations first were grouped as either studies
      of clinical nursing or studies of social issues in nursing or studies of social
      issues in nursing and then coded for all subcategories that described the content
      of the study. Of the dissertations included in this analysis 78.4% pertained to
      clinical nursing; 21.6% were studies of social issues in nursing. Further
      analysis of subcategories and most frequently occurring combinations of study
      variables showed significant differences in dissertation content when analyzed by
      program age, geographic region of the country, and type of degree program.

PMID- 3844732
TI  - The unification model in nursing: a study of receptivity among nurse educators in
      the United States.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to analyze receptivity to the proposed introduction
      of the Unification of Education and Service Model among nurse educators in the
      United States according to the status-risk theory of receptivity. The three
      status groups studied were deans, tenured faculty, and nontenured faculty. Two
      phases of data collection involved probability sampling of baccalaureate nursing
      schools and educators. The final sample of 222 nurse educators represented 87
      schools and 42 states. Receptivity to the proposed innovation and the level of
      risk perceived as accompanying this action were assessed from responses to three
      semantic differentials which were included in mailed booklets. None of the
      hypotheses was supported. The results, however, offer evidence of support for the
      status-risk theory of receptivity.

PMID- 3844733
TI  - The telephone survey: a procedure for assessing educational needs of nurses.

PMID- 3844734
TI  - Identification of postdisaster bereavement risk predictors.
AB  - Investigators have focused primarily on the bereavement experiences of widows and
      parents of deceased infants. In this study, subjects were 69 bereaved close
      family members and friends of deceased disaster victims and 50 control subjects.
      Six variables, not examined before, were entered in a series of hierarchical step
      wise regression equations to determine their ability to predict health outcomes.
      The six variables were gender, age, concurrent life stress, perception of the
      prior relationship between the bereaved and deceased as central or peripheral,
      perception of catastrophic death as preventable or unpreventable, and perception
      of social support. The three health outcomes were depression, somatization, and
      physical health status. Results indicated that the six selected variables
      accounted for 48% of the variance in predicting depression, 39% in predicting
      somatization, and 35% in predicting physical health status in the bereaved group.
      Concurrent negative life stress was the most important single predictor in all
      three health outcomes in both groups of subjects.

PMID- 3844735
TI  - Emotional symptoms and physical health in bereaved parents.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the emotional symptoms and physical
      health of parents whose children had died suddenly in an accident, parents whose
      children had died following a chronic disease, and nonbereaved parents. Data for
      this retrospective survey were collected by mailed questionnaires: the Hopkins
      Symptom Checklist (HSCL), Bereavement Health Assessment Scale, Review of Life
      Experiences Scale, and a personal-situation questionnaire. Subjects were 30
      bereaved parents who had experienced the death of a child following a chronic
      disease; 31 bereaved parents whose children died in an accident; and 81
      nonbereaved parents. Findings indicated significant differences between the
      bereaved groups and the control group on the total scale score of the HSCL and on
      the subscales measuring Depression, Anxiety, Somatization, Obsession-Compulsion,
      and Interpersonal Sensitivity. However, there were no differences on these
      variables between the two bereaved groups. Bereaved parents with higher
      concurrent life stresses and parents from a lower socioeconomic background were
      at higher risk for emotional symptomatology. There were no significant
      differences among the three groups on the number of physician/nurse visits,
      number of hospital admissions, number of new or recurrent illnesses, or drug
      usage. Bereaved parents, however, more frequently reported appetite and sleep
      problems.

PMID- 3844736
TI  - Attributional analysis of chronic illness outcomes.
AB  - The Weiner et al. attribution model has generated a great deal of research on
      attributions for success and failure in academic achievement situations. Studies
      of success and failure attributions in real-life situations of high personal
      concern are limited. If the attribution model is to lead to a general theory of
      motivation, such tests in real-life situations are critical. In this study,
      causal attributions for success and failure outcomes of chronically ill patients
      were examined. Results indicated at least partial support for the model. Patients
      tended to attribute success internally and failure externally, but stability and
      expectations were not linked in this sample. Moreover, a tendency to respond with
      no cause to an open-ended measure and to hold little commitment to any causes on
      a closed-ended measure was characteristic of failure subjects.

PMID- 3844737
TI  - Network structure, social support, and psychological outcomes of pregnancy.
AB  - Fifty primigravid fathers and mothers responded to an investigator-developed tool
      that measured social network characteristics and perceived social support during
      the third trimester of pregnancy. At six weeks postpartum, these same parents
      completed the Postpartum Self-evaluation Questionnaire (PSQ) (Lederman,
      Weingarten, & Lederman, 1981). Relationships among network factors, perceived
      support, and postpartum outcomes were documented for four of the seven PSQ
      scales. A greater percentage of relatives in the network and more overlap with
      the spouse's network were important factors associated with positive postpartum
      outcomes for men, but not for women. Emotional and instrumental support were
      important variables in explaining six-week postpartum outcomes, whereas
      information and appraisal support were not significant variables at this time.
      Men scored lower than women on the PSQ scale measuring confidence in ability to
      cope with the tasks of parenting.

PMID- 3844738
TI  - Dutiful daughters.

PMID- 3844739
TI  - In the shadow of the bomb. Interview by Harriet Glaze.

PMID- 3844740
TI  - Celebrating the process.

PMID- 3844741
TI  - An antenatal adventure.

PMID- 3844743
TI  - Griffiths and management: the attributes of excellence.

PMID- 3844742
TI  - No excuses.

PMID- 3844744
TI  - How drugs act. Eight. Antibacterial and antiviral agents.

PMID- 3844746
TI  - Water intoxication.

PMID- 3844745
TI  - Education: going solo.

PMID- 3844747
TI  - Paving the way for parenthood.

PMID- 3844748
TI  - Breastfeeding. One. The milk of kindness.

PMID- 3844749
TI  - Breastfeeding. Two. Feeding the relationship.

PMID- 3844750
TI  - Breastfeeding. Three. Supply and demand.

PMID- 3844751
TI  - Measurement of patient dependency.

PMID- 3844752
TI  - Incontinence in the elderly. Part five.

PMID- 3844753
TI  - Why nurses are missing out.

PMID- 3844755
TI  - The team from Tooting. Delivering the goods.

PMID- 3844754
TI  - The team from Tooting. Labour of love.

PMID- 3844756
TI  - Don't throw out the baby with the bath water.

PMID- 3844757
TI  - Bridging the communication gap.

PMID- 3844758
TI  - Chest tube patients.

PMID- 3844759
TI  - High anxiety.

PMID- 3844760
TI  - Griffiths and management. Big business and the NHS.

PMID- 3844761
TI  - Cause for complaint. Seven. Inadequate advice.

PMID- 3844762
TI  - How drugs act. Nine. Drugs and pain.

PMID- 3844763
TI  - Parent power in the Third World. Interview by Michael Arton.

PMID- 3844764
TI  - Nursing in rural Zambia.

PMID- 3844765
TI  - The dependent spirit.

PMID- 3844767
TI  - War on Wirral.

PMID- 3844768
TI  - Essential physical therapy for stroke patients.

PMID- 3844766
TI  - AIDS: "isolate the disease, not the patient'.

PMID- 3844769
TI  - Stumbling and fumbling.

PMID- 3844770
TI  - Follow the charts.

PMID- 3844771
TI  - A secure and secluded spot.

PMID- 3844772
TI  - Griffiths and management. The role of the general manager.

PMID- 3844773
TI  - Adjusting to tetraplegia.

PMID- 3844774
TI  - Problems of the ward manager. Twelve. Fit for work?

PMID- 3844776
TI  - The team from Tooting. Midwifery in the round.

PMID- 3844775
TI  - How drugs act. Ten. Drugs and sleep.

PMID- 3844777
TI  - The team from Tooting. Under the microscope.

PMID- 3844778
TI  - A lesson from America. Steps up the ladder.

PMID- 3844779
TI  - A lesson from America. Two. Registered nurses: what next?

PMID- 3844780
TI  - Lesson from America. Three. License to practice.

PMID- 3844781
TI  - The future of nursing education.

PMID- 3844782
TI  - The unequal equation.

PMID- 3844783
TI  - Chairman of the board. Interview by Caroline Howie.

PMID- 3844785
TI  - Outlawing a barbaric practice.

PMID- 3844784
TI  - Contraception. Beyond the pill?

PMID- 3844786
TI  - Putting the patient first.

PMID- 3844787
TI  - More than "doing the obs".

PMID- 3844788
TI  - The pulse and blood pressure.

PMID- 3844790
TI  - Colostomy care. Maintaining an active life.

PMID- 3844789
TI  - Colostomy care. Smiles hide the truth.

PMID- 3844791
TI  - The team from Tooting. A friendly delivery.

PMID- 3844792
TI  - The team from Tooting. An enjoyable birth.

PMID- 3844794
TI  - Griffiths and management. Managing the business.

PMID- 3844793
TI  - Breaking barriers. Under a Punjabi sky.

PMID- 3844796
TI  - Coming to grief.

PMID- 3844795
TI  - How drugs act. Eleven. Drugs and the bronchi.

PMID- 3844797
TI  - Models and theories. Six. Roper's activities of living model.

PMID- 3844798
TI  - Act of hope. Interview by Tamara Ross.

PMID- 3844799
TI  - Nearest and dearest?

PMID- 3844800
TI  - I think, therefore I'm ill.

PMID- 3844801
TI  - Discharge referrals--who's responsible?

PMID- 3844802
TI  - Principles of patient teaching.

PMID- 3844803
TI  - Griffiths and management. What role for nurses?

PMID- 3844804
TI  - The value of feedback.

PMID- 3844805
TI  - How drugs act. Twelve. Drugs and hypertension.

PMID- 3844807
TI  - Changes in nursing. An orthopaedic revolution.

PMID- 3844806
TI  - Straightening up.

PMID- 3844808
TI  - Systems of life No 122. Setting up the systems--22.

PMID- 3844810
TI  - Symposium on pediatric oncology.

PMID- 3844809
TI  - Education: learning through the patient.

PMID- 3844811
TI  - Hypnosis as adjuvant antiemetic therapy in childhood cancer.
AB  - Hypnosis, as a relaxation technique to reduce anxiety and drug-related nausea and
      vomiting in children with cancer, is an effective treatment modality. Its benefit
      as a self-relaxation technique is now being realized.

PMID- 3844812
TI  - Home visits for the child with cancer.
AB  - Home visits for children with cancer has yet to become widely understood and
      accepted. However, health care planners and policy makers must be convinced of
      the numerous advantages and benefits of home visits for the child, his family,
      and the community.

PMID- 3844813
TI  - A multidisciplinary approach to identification and remedial intervention for
      adverse late effects of cancer therapy.
AB  - Because of advances in surgical technique, radiation therapy, and combined
      chemotherapy regimens, there has been a dramatic improvement in the survival of
      children with pediatric malignancies. All treatment modalities are associated
      with adverse effects that may be manifested months to years after therapy. This
      article has provided an overview of the physiologic and psychologic adverse
      effects of antineoplastic therapy and described the multidisciplinary approach
      used by one institution to identify and initiate appropriate remedial
      intervention. Nurses can learn to assist in the identification of adverse late
      effects, provide support to the family, and facilitate appropriate intervention.

PMID- 3844814
TI  - High expectations. Nurses who work with children who might die.
AB  - A pediatric oncology nurse, by strengthening her base from which to practice, can
      continue to work effectively with children who might die. This strengthening
      process involves developing a heightened awareness toward children's as well as
      her own thoughts about illness and death. It involves adapting cognitively,
      emotionally, and philosophically to working with children who may die.

PMID- 3844815
TI  - Symposium on infections in the compromised host.

PMID- 3844816
TI  - Symposium on infections in the compromised host. External barriers to infection.
AB  - Knowledge of the external barriers to infection is the first step in
      understanding the normal defense mechanisms of the host. The intact skin and
      mucous membranes, with their normal flora and secretions, the action of cilia in
      the upper respiratory tract, secretory functions, and the normal flow of body
      fluids are all important factors associated with the external defense against
      infections. When these barriers are altered or breached, the potential for
      infection increases and the internal immune system is activated to assist in
      defending the body.

PMID- 3844817
TI  - Symposium on infections in the compromised host. Significance of fever in the
      compromised host.
AB  - The febrile response is a normal, nonspecific manifestation of nearly all
      infectious disease processes. However, in the compromised host, this response is
      often diminished or absent, thus depriving the clinician of an important
      diagnostic indicator. This article describes various clinical entities that
      present with fever and outlines the therapeutic considerations used in patients
      with impaired defense mechanisms.

PMID- 3844818
TI  - Symposium on infections in the compromised host: The extremities of age: the
      newborn and the elderly.
AB  - The newborn and the elderly are at increased risk for infection because their
      immune defenses are suppressed as a result of age and institutionalization. The
      elderly person has the additional likelihood that chronic illness and debility
      will lead to infection, whereas the newborn has an increased chance of exposure
      to infectious agents from the mother and the environment.

PMID- 3844819
TI  - Infections in patients with solid tumors.
AB  - Although patients with solid tumors do not suffer similar rates of infections as
      patients with hematologic malignancies, several predisposing factors may
      influence their outcome. These factors include tumor growth, malnutrition,
      alteration of anatomic barriers, and side effects of various therapeutic
      modalities. Specific nursing interventions for the prevention of infections are
      described.

PMID- 3844820
TI  - Symposium on infections in the compromised host. Hodgkin's disease and non
      Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - Two areas of study have made the understanding of infections in Hodgkin's disease
      and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma both clearer and more complicated. First, the overly
      simple concepts that certain underlying diseases predispose patients to specific
      infections can no longer be uniformly applied. Second, while Hodgkin's patients
      were once thought to have cell-mediated immune defects, we now know that mixed T-
      and B-cell abnormalities as well as alterations in complement and phagocytic
      processes are seen. Therefore, we can expect to find infecting organisms against
      which several immune functions appear to be important. The more common organisms
      found in these patients include the encapsulated bacteria and fungi,
      intracellular microbes such as the mycobacteria and certain viruses, and,
      finally, some protozoa. Many are prevalent in the environment and some are
      considered to be normal human microbial flora. These opportunistic pathogens will
      continue to cause serious, often fatal infections in this group of compromised
      patients until more is known about the causes of lymphoproliferative disease and
      significant advances in immunotherapy are made.

PMID- 3844821
TI  - Stress reduction. A spectrum of strategies in pediatric oncology nursing.
AB  - It is important to provide resources to promote effective coping mechanisms for
      dealing with the stresses encountered by children, families, and staff in a
      pediatric oncology setting. Knowledge of how such resources can be used to the
      maximum advantage must be combined with the utilization and development of
      support services.

PMID- 3844822
TI  - Heroin abuse.

PMID- 3844823
TI  - Management. For better or for worse.

PMID- 3844824
TI  - Education. Gaining and giving insight.

PMID- 3844825
TI  - When kindness was not enough.

PMID- 3844826
TI  - Part of the spiral of life.

PMID- 3844827
TI  - My brother's keeper.

PMID- 3844829
TI  - Paige the oracle. Interview by David Mitchell and Martin Vousden.

PMID- 3844828
TI  - A species called clinical teacher.

PMID- 3844830
TI  - What are we doing to each other?

PMID- 3844831
TI  - The bare minimum.

PMID- 3844832
TI  - Learning to make decisions.

PMID- 3844833
TI  - Community. Home AIDS.

PMID- 3844835
TI  - Oncology nursing. 5. What's in a name?

PMID- 3844834
TI  - Close to their roots.

PMID- 3844836
TI  - The seeds of trouble.

PMID- 3844837
TI  - Education. Removing the blinkers.

PMID- 3844838
TI  - Management. More than a buzzword.

PMID- 3844839
TI  - Community issues. 3. A challenging district.

PMID- 3844840
TI  - Nutrition. 2. Diet in terminal illness.

PMID- 3844841
TI  - Nurse managers are all right.

PMID- 3844842
TI  - Risen from the ashes.

PMID- 3844843
TI  - Education: curriculum development.

PMID- 3844844
TI  - Community. All in a day's work....

PMID- 3844845
TI  - Intensive care nursing. 1. Clinical nurse specialist.

PMID- 3844846
TI  - Doctor knows best?

PMID- 3844847
TI  - All fair and above board?

PMID- 3844849
TI  - Community issues. 4. Key problems for key workers.

PMID- 3844848
TI  - Psychiatric nurses--are they just troublemakers?

PMID- 3844850
TI  - Community issues. 4. Homeless and healthless.

PMID- 3844851
TI  - Taking the pressure off.

PMID- 3844852
TI  - Oncology nursing. 6. Alternative health approaches.

PMID- 3844853
TI  - Too rash, too ill-advised, too sudden.

PMID- 3844854
TI  - R.N. failure to monitor vital signs: death results.

PMID- 3844855
TI  - Sex relationship alleged: sex discrimination charged. Case in point: King v.
      Palmer (598 F. supp.65--DC).

PMID- 3844856
TI  - Legal case briefs for nurses. PA: R.N. fails to renew license--terminated. LA:
      R.N. accused of negligent injection: foot drop.

PMID- 3844857
TI  - Mental patient sets self on fire: nurses sued. Case in point: Valentine v.
      Strange (597 F. Supp. 1316--VA).

PMID- 3844858
TI  - [Nutrition and oncological treatment].

PMID- 3844859
TI  - [Principles for planning programs in health promotion].

PMID- 3844860
TI  - [Technics for moving patients with maximum efficiency and without self-injury].

PMID- 3844861
TI  - [Planning of duty schedule].

PMID- 3844862
TI  - [Participation of the nurse in occupational accidents].

PMID- 3844863
TI  - [Methods in nuclear cardiology studies].

PMID- 3844865
TI  - [The essential drugs; all which are needed but not all which exist].

PMID- 3844866
TI  - Proposed changes would affect all nurses.

PMID- 3844864
TI  - [Nurses and scholarships: evaluation of an experience].

PMID- 3844867
TI  - Health needs researched.

PMID- 3844869
TI  - Nursing in Israel. Caring for a diverse population.

PMID- 3844868
TI  - Therapeutic listening.

PMID- 3844870
TI  - LPNs and medications: another point of view.

PMID- 3844872
TI  - Nursing on stamps.

PMID- 3844871
TI  - College teaches practical nurses to administer medications.

PMID- 3844874
TI  - A half century of nursing: personal reflections.

PMID- 3844873
TI  - A private person. Interview by Peggy Wysong.

PMID- 3844875
TI  - Repairing form and function. Ophthalmic, plastic and reconstructive surgery.

PMID- 3844876
TI  - Cardiac prosthesis. Number 2 tries harder.

PMID- 3844877
TI  - Liability of the nurse anesthetist: when does "res ipsa" apply?

PMID- 3844878
TI  - Custom C-V packs save time and money.

PMID- 3844879
TI  - OR crisis. Malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 3844880
TI  - Preventing pediatric blindness through cataract surgery.

PMID- 3844881
TI  - What are the sounds of success in the OR?

PMID- 3844882
TI  - Legal notes: informed consent.

PMID- 3844883
TI  - TLC--how vital?

PMID- 3844884
TI  - Keratomileusis: cutting a path for sight.

PMID- 3844885
TI  - Psychosocial aspects of cancer: a review.

PMID- 3844886
TI  - Therapeutic play group for patients and siblings in a pediatric oncology
      ambulatory care unit.

PMID- 3844887
TI  - Adherence to chemotherapy regimens among children with cancer.

PMID- 3844888
TI  - Spiritual nursing care for oncology patients.

PMID- 3844889
TI  - Going home: patient and spouse adjustment following cancer surgery.

PMID- 3844891
TI  - Lobbying for new directions in health care.

PMID- 3844890
TI  - [Use of proteinase inhibitors on patients with different clinico-morphological
      forms of atopic dermatitis].

PMID- 3844892
TI  - Nursing research--help for beginners.

PMID- 3844894
TI  - Food for thought.

PMID- 3844893
TI  - Nursing at ... the Dickinsfield Day Hospital.

PMID- 3844895
TI  - Anatomy of a malpractice trial.

PMID- 3844896
TI  - New drugs. Hands-on experience.

PMID- 3844898
TI  - Getting certified.

PMID- 3844897
TI  - Tay-Sachs. The dreaded inheritance.

PMID- 3844899
TI  - The burnout test.

PMID- 3844900
TI  - A delicate balance. Strategies for feeding ventilated COPD patients.

PMID- 3844901
TI  - The dilemma of physiological problems. Without collaboration, what's left?

PMID- 3844902
TI  - The dilemma of physiological problems. Eliminating the double standard.

PMID- 3844903
TI  - Documenting post-anesthesia recovery.

PMID- 3844904
TI  - Narcotic analgesia for the elderly.

PMID- 3844905
TI  - How do you avoid transfusion complications?

PMID- 3844906
TI  - Teacher, nurse, teacher.

PMID- 3844907
TI  - Abnormalities in kallikrein excretion in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to examine kallikrein excretion in 12-wk-old
      anesthetized and conscious Okamoto-Aoki spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and
      normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Urinary excretion of active and total
      kallikrein was determined at spontaneous pressures and in response to acute
      decreases in renal perfusion pressure (RPP; suprarenal aortic constriction).
      Under basal conditions, active kallikrein excretion was lower in SHR compared
      with WKY whether conscious (4.4 +/- 1.7 vs. 9.4 +/- 1.3 pkat . min-1 . g kidney
      wt-1) or anesthetized (5.7 +/- 1.3 vs. 10.4 +/- 1.7). In both anesthetized SHR
      and WKY, excretion of active and total kallikrein was directly related to RPP
      after 20 mmHg decrements in RPP and was depressed in SHR at each pressure level.
      The slope of the relation between active kallikrein excretion and pressure was
      less in SHR (0.06 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.14 +/- 0.05 pkat . min-1 . g kidney wt-1 . mmHg
      1). Thus kallikrein excretion is set at a lower level in SHR and is less
      responsive to changes in RPP. These strain differences are not related to urine
      flow, Na excretion, or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) since the values were the
      same in both strains at each pressure level. Analysis of covariance indicated a
      significant correlation between active kallikrein excretion and RPP in WKY and
      SHR, with RPP accounting for 92% of the variation in the kallikrein data. GFR, Na
      excretion, and urine flow rate were not significantly correlated to active
      kallikrein and were responsible for only 2% of the variation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3844908
TI  - Prevalence survey for hepatitis B in high-risk university hospital employees.
AB  - A 1974 prevalence survey of laboratory and dialysis employees identified 8.7% (4
      of 46) with evidence of past hepatitis B infection. Since then increasing numbers
      of asymptomatic carriers have been admitted to University Hospital. Reports of
      exposures by employees have also increased. With the availability of a hepatitis
      B vaccine and the changes in patient population, a second prevalence survey was
      conducted to target employees at greatest risk for hepatitis B virus. Sixty-two
      percent (422 of 687) of high-risk employees who completed both blood work and
      questionnaires were study participants; 10.66% (45 of 422) had positive markers
      for hepatitis B virus. Laboratory personnel had the highest prevalence rate, 15%
      (25 of 164), whereas obstetric personnel had the lowest, 0% (0 of 52). Prevalence
      increased with age (chi 2 for linear trend, p = 0.000005), years of blood
      handling (p = 0.00003), work in a laboratory setting (p = 0.02), increasing
      numbers of puncture wounds from needles of patients with hepatitis B virus
      infection (p = 0.02), previous history of jaundice (p = 0.0003), and history of
      hepatitis (p = 0.000002).

PMID- 3844909
TI  - Effect of an expanded physical facility on nosocomial infections in a neonatal
      intensive care unit.
AB  - Fifty-two months' data were reviewed to assess the effect of a threefold increase
      in space per infant in a neonatal intensive care unit on rates of nosocomial
      infections (NIs) and colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (39 months in a
      crowded 18-bed unit and 13 months in a spacious 32-bed unit). Mean length of
      stay, survival rates, mean birth weights, and other parameters indicated that
      infant populations in the old and new units were similar. NI rates were not
      significantly different in the old and new units (11.7% and 9.6%, respectively; p
      = 0.17) nor were rates of colonization of anterior nares with S. aureus (11.7%
      and 10.7%; p = 0.5). NI rates, but not S. aureus colonization rates, were
      significantly higher during months of high patient turnover (p less than 0.01).
      Sites of infection were similar in the old and new units. There was, however, a
      significant change in bacterial species causing NI. Klebsiella pneumoniae and
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa caused 20.4% of NIs in the old unit, but only 2.1% in the
      new unit (p less than 0.001) and NIs caused by S. epidermidis increased from 4.7%
      to 14.9% (p = 0.02) in the new unit. There was also a marked decrease in the
      numbers of clusters of NI occurring in the new unit, indicating that cross
      infections between infants were probably minimized.

PMID- 3844911
TI  - Sterile water and saline solution: potential reservoirs of nosocomial infection.

PMID- 3844910
TI  - A survey of hepatitis B vaccination programs for hospital employees.

PMID- 3844912
TI  - A critical review of "Draft manual for infectious waste management".

PMID- 3844913
TI  - Surveillance for the detection of nosocomial infections and the potential for
      nosocomial outbreaks. II. Development of a laboratory-based system.
AB  - We describe the development of a surveillance system that uses thresholds for
      detecting nosocomial infections and the potential for nosocomial outbreaks based
      on data from microbiology laboratory records at our hospital from 1980 to 1982.
      These records were monitored weekly to determine the number of positive isolates
      by the identity of the organism and by the site of the culture. A mean of 225
      specimens was processed weekly, with 60 of these yielding bacteria or fungi. The
      average number of organisms isolated per positive culture was 1.46. Two methods
      of establishing thresholds were compared, one based on percentiles of ranked
      isolates, the other based on the mean plus intervals of standard error. The
      system using thresholds established by the standard error method was consistently
      more useful to highlight weeks for which there was high risk of a problem
      occurring in less time than were the surveillance techniques traditionally
      employed.

PMID- 3844914
TI  - ANA asks Reagan to end interference in Illinois wage suit.

PMID- 3844915
TI  - Nursing education, research frozen out of HHS 1986 budget.

PMID- 3844916
TI  - Nurse-managed centers offer more to patients, nurses.

PMID- 3844917
TI  - As I see it ... Skit shows ANA statement helps RNs improve care.

PMID- 3844918
TI  - HHS will establish center for nursing research.

PMID- 3844919
TI  - Chronic pain and scarring from cement burns.
AB  - A patient who had suffered cement burns in 1978 continues to experience
      hypoesthesia and chronic pain in the scarred areas. The pain is severe, occurs
      daily, and prevents the patient from working.

PMID- 3844920
TI  - Preparation for practice.

PMID- 3844921
TI  - Widening horizons at Perry Park.

PMID- 3844923
TI  - A new kind of dispensing service.

PMID- 3844924
TI  - Age must not invite harm or hurt. I.

PMID- 3844922
TI  - The coming of age.

PMID- 3844925
TI  - From the outside looking in.

PMID- 3844926
TI  - Not growing old, just growing.

PMID- 3844927
TI  - Ageism: an introduction.

PMID- 3844928
TI  - Royal Australian Nursing Federation. Registered federal rules. Incorporating
      standard branch rules. Current December 19, 1984.

PMID- 3844929
TI  - A.I.D.S. and the professional ethic.

PMID- 3844930
TI  - World health: a revolution beginning.

PMID- 3844932
TI  - The blood story. Part I. The phenomenal bank.

PMID- 3844931
TI  - Down and out in Fitzroy.

PMID- 3844933
TI  - The blood story. Part II. AIDS--current concepts and implications for blood
      transfusion services and nursing staff.

PMID- 3844934
TI  - Poland revisited.

PMID- 3844935
TI  - Rights and wrongs towards the aged. Part 2.

PMID- 3844936
TI  - Migraine and its treatment. From the Royal Melbourne Hospital Pharmacy
      Department.

PMID- 3844937
TI  - Antibiotics: the resistance problem.

PMID- 3844938
TI  - Immunoglobulin degradation and D-penicillamine action.
AB  - Treatment of human IgG with pancreatic elastase gave a product of higher
      molecular weight than IgG. Its formation was inhibited by blocking IgG sulfhydryl
      groups with iodoacetamide. Incubation of the high molecular weight product with
      either glutathione or D-penicillamine yielded Fab- and Fc-like fragments.
      Addition of oxidized glutathione to mixtures containing either reduced thiol gave
      a new product of molecular weight intermediate between the high molecular weight
      product and Fab- and Fc-like fragments. Oxidized D-penicillamine did not
      substitute for oxidized glutathione. This new product was formed under conditions
      that favor protein sulfhydryl-disulfide exchange. The effect of D-penicillamine
      on its formation was discussed in terms of D-penicillamine's mode of action in
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3844940
TI  - Dedication ceremonies. The John Hopkins University School of Nursing. September
      23, 1974.

PMID- 3844939
TI  - Demonstration of arginyl-bradykinin moiety in rat HMW kininogen: direct evidence
      for liberation of bradykinin by rat glandular kallikreins.
AB  - The amino acid sequence around kinin moiety in rat High-Molecular-Weight (HMW)
      kininogen was determined by isolating a peptide containing bradykinin after
      cyanogen bromide treatment of the purified kininogen as follows; NH2-Thr-Ser-Val
      Ile-Arg-Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg-Ala-Pro-Arg- Val-Lys-Lys-. The data
      indicated that rat HMW kininogen contains the arginyl-bradykinin moiety, instead
      of lysyl-bradykinin. Kinins liberated from rat HMW kininogen by rat urinary and
      submaxillary kallikreins were identified to be bradykinin, not arginyl
      bradykinin.

PMID- 3844941
TI  - Continuing education maze. 1.

PMID- 3844942
TI  - Ethical decision-making. The principle of beneficience.

PMID- 3844943
TI  - Computer applications in nursing. Implications for the curriculum.

PMID- 3844944
TI  - Nurses' perceptions concerning computer uses before and after a computer literacy
      lecture.

PMID- 3844945
TI  - On the need for database management systems for nursing.

PMID- 3844946
TI  - Computer use in the emergency department.

PMID- 3844947
TI  - Battered women: the issues for nursing.

PMID- 3844948
TI  - A sexual assault care center.

PMID- 3844950
TI  - Some common questions and concerns regarding incest.

PMID- 3844949
TI  - Incest: a violation of trust.

PMID- 3844951
TI  - Taking action against child sexual abuse.

PMID- 3844952
TI  - Abuse of the elderly.

PMID- 3844953
TI  - The use of computers in public health nursing: today or tomorrow?

PMID- 3844954
TI  - High volume chemodialysis: a new outpatient program.

PMID- 3844955
TI  - Disaffiliation from CNA: OIIQ takes the first step.

PMID- 3844956
TI  - You and the law. Dubin report highlights nursing issues.

PMID- 3844957
TI  - Nurturing parents in crisis.

PMID- 3844958
TI  - The wrong kind of information.

PMID- 3844959
TI  - The importance of nursing involvement in health care planning.

PMID- 3844960
TI  - Thrombocytopenia: a complication of viral illness.

PMID- 3844961
TI  - PKU.

PMID- 3844962
TI  - Stress in the workplace: public health and hospital nurses.

PMID- 3844963
TI  - Children's perceptions of their sibling's death at home or hospital: the
      precursors of differential adjustment.

PMID- 3844964
TI  - Preventive health practices and educational needs in families with hereditary
      melanoma.

PMID- 3844965
TI  - Social support: network and quality as perceived by Egyptian cancer patients.

PMID- 3844966
TI  - Strengths and needs of per diem hospice personnel.

PMID- 3844967
TI  - Promising early breast cancer treatment--without mastectomy.

PMID- 3844968
TI  - Programmed instruction: cancer care. Cancer prevention and detection: ovarian
      cancer.

PMID- 3844969
TI  - Standards of clinical nursing practice: alopecia.

PMID- 3844970
TI  - Antitumor properties of vindesine-monoclonal antibody conjugates.
AB  - The anticancer alkaloid vindesine (VDS) was conjugated to four mouse monoclonal
      antibodies recognizing human tumor-associated antigens. The antibodies were 96.5
      (antimelanoma, IgG2a); 791T/36 (antiosteogenic sarcoma, IgG2b); 11.285.14, and
      14.95.55 (anticarcinoembryonic antigen, IgG1 and IgG2a respectively). Conjugates
      VDS-96.5 and VDS-791T/36 were tested in vitro and shown to be specifically
      cytotoxic for target cells expressing the appropriate antigen. The in vivo
      effects of the antibodies and conjugates were tested against human tumor
      xenografts in athymic or immunodeprived mice using multiple treatments. Conjugate
      VDS-96.5 retarded the initial growth of a melanoma xenograft, whereas free
      antibody was without effect. Similarly, VDS-791T/36 but not free antibody
      retarded the growth of osteogenic sarcoma 791T. The most marked antitumor effects
      observed were those obtained with VDS conjugates of the anti-CEA antibodies
      against a colorectal tumor xenograft. Antibody 14.95.55 suppressed tumor growth
      both alone and as a VDS conjugate, whereas 11.285.14 produced only a slight
      effect alone but an almost complete and lasting suppression of tumor growth as a
      VDS conjugate. Free VDS had little effect at nontoxic levels. Acute studies
      showed that VDS-11.285.14 conjugate was considerably less toxic than free VDS in
      Balb/c mice.

PMID- 3844971
TI  - The effect of purification on the immunogenicity of tumor-specific
      transplantation antigens.
AB  - Immunization with the tumor-specific transplantation antigens (TSTA) of
      experimental, chemically induced sarcomas engenders specific host resistance to
      challenge with viable, homotypic neoplastic cells. The strength of tumor
      resistance depends upon the physical state of the TSTA used for immunization.
      Treatment with 10(5)-10(6) irradiated tumor cells, a 2-log dose range, induces
      complete rejection of neoplastic challenges, while immunization within a 1-log
      dose range with crude 3 M KCl or with 2.5% butanol extracts containing TSTA
      evokes a weak state of resistance characterized by decreased outgrowth of tumor
      challenges, but not neoplastic regression. The reduced immunogenicity may be due
      to either contamination with substances that antagonize host resistance, for
      example by induction of suppressor cells, or an intrinsic limitation by virtue of
      the molecular properties of extracted compared with cell-surface TSTA. MCA-F and
      MCA-D, two noncross-reactive fibrosarcomas induced in C3H/HeJ mice with 3
      methylcholanthrene, were employed to compare the relative immunogenic activity of
      intact tumor cells, 2.5% butanol extracts, and materials sequentially purified by
      preparative isoelectric focusing (pIEF), preparative isotachophoresis (pITP), and
      high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). Immunoprotective TSTA
      activity purified 50,000-fold by this protocol extended the effective dose range
      by four to five logs: 15 pg to 1.5 micrograms MCA-F or 1 pg to 10 ng MCA-D
      antigen-induced specific host resistance. However, despite the appreciable
      purification of TSTA, immunization with extracted materials only delayed
      neoplastic outgrowth. They induced neither immediate rejection nor only temporary
      progression of transplanted tumor cells. Thus, purified TSTA preparations by
      themselves lack the immunogenic properties of intact cells that result in maximal
      induction of tumor resistance.

PMID- 3844973
TI  - Modulation of formation of tumor metastases by peritoneal macrophages elicited by
      various agents.
AB  - We have studied the formation of experimental B16 melanoma metastases in the
      lungs of mice inoculated IV with tumoricidal or nontumoricidal peritoneal
      macrophages elicited by various agents. IV inoculation of peritoneal M phi
      elicited by Brewer's thioglycollate medium (TG-M phi) 1 day before the injection
      of B16 melanoma cells dramatically increased the number of metastatic foci in the
      lungs. NIH thioglycollate broth and proteose peptone each elicited a relatively
      low number of M phi, which were morphologically distinguishable from TG-M phi and
      did not influence the yield of B16 melanoma colonies in the lungs. Resident or C.
      pravum-elicited M phi also did not augment metastasis formation. TG-M phi became
      highly tumoricidal after IP stimulation with poly I:C. However, tumoricidal TG-M
      phi inoculated IV 1 day before IV inoculation of B16 melanoma cells did not have
      an antimetastatic effect. On the contrary, both tumoricidal and nontumoricidal TG
      M phi augmented metastasis formation. Poly I:C treatment had a substantial
      antimetastatic effect in the normal mice, but not in mice with adoptively
      transferred TG-M phi. Histological analysis revealed that IV-inoculated TG-M phi
      (tumoricidal or nontumoricidal, either viable or disrupted) induced severe
      intravascular reaction in the lungs, but not in the liver or kidney. This
      reaction manifested in the aggregation of the various blood cells, preferentially
      neutrophils. These reactions were not observed after IV inoculation of PM phi or
      NIH TG-M phi. Intravascular inflammatory reactions induced by TG-M phi may be
      responsible for the augmentation of metastasis formation, partly by suppression
      of NK reactivity and mostly by the acceleration of the processes of tumor cell
      extravasation. These data may provide some insight into the failure to achieve
      systemic adoptive immunotherapy using activated peritoneal TG-M phi.

PMID- 3844972
TI  - Influence in vitro on NK and K cell activities by cimetidine and indomethacin
      with and without simultaneous exposure to interferon.
AB  - The histamine-2 receptor antagonist cimetidine (10(-5)M) and the prostaglandin
      synthesis inhibitor indomethacin (10(-8)M) augmented natural killer cell activity
      in the majority of healthy controls and patients with advanced melanoma and in a
      lower frequency of patients with colorectal carcinoma. Antibody-dependent
      cellular cytotoxicity was increased in most melanoma patients but in a lower
      proportion of patients with colorectal cancer. Compared with the effect of
      interferon the augmentation of NK- and K-cell activities was small in most
      patients. Cimetidine was also demonstrated to bring about a further increase in
      the interferon-induced NK activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a
      majority of healthy donors and patients with melanoma. Furthermore, cimetidine
      augmented the interferon-induced K-cell activation of peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells from most patients with melanoma and colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3844974
TI  - In vivo immunization against autologous glioblastoma-associated antigens.
AB  - A glioblastoma patient was immunized in vivo with a mixture of autologous and
      homologous glioblastoma cells coupled to adjuvant peptide and cord-factor analog.
      Immune activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes was measured in a short-term
      51chromium-release assay against autologous tumor target cells. The patient
      developed direct cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor-associated antigens,
      which appeared to be T-cell mediated.

PMID- 3844976
TI  - Monocyte chemotaxis in patients with nonseminomatous testicular carcinoma. Effect
      of chemotherapy.
AB  - The chemotactic responsiveness of blood monocytes was tested in 16 patients with
      nonseminomatous testicular carcinoma before, during, and after chemotherapy. All
      the patients initially had monocyte chemotaxis within the normal range. No
      correlation with the histology of the tumor, the clinical stage, or the presence
      in serum of alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin was observed.
      Plasma from the patients did not inhibit the chemotaxis of normal monocytes, and
      serum from the patients contained no chemotactic factor inhibitor. During
      intensive chemotherapy with cis-platinum, bleomycin, and vinblastine a reversible
      defect in chemotaxis occurred without correlation to the development of fever.
      Two months after the completion of chemotherapy the chemotactic responsiveness
      was unchanged compared with pretreatment values. In conclusion, this study shows
      normal monocyte chemotaxis in patients with testicular carcinoma, which is in
      contrast to reports on a variety of other solid tumors.

PMID- 3844975
TI  - Further studies on the differences in cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood
      monocytes and bronchoalveolar macrophages for cultured human lung cells.
AB  - Previously reported differences between the cytostatic activity of human
      peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and bronchoalveolar macrophages (BAM) for
      cultured human lung tumor cells have been further investigated. The differences
      are both quantitative and qualitative and are shown not to be due to the
      respective methods of purification. There was a varying contribution of cytolysis
      to the cytostasis detected by the 75selenomethionine post-labeling assay used.
      Bronchoalveolar macrophages were cytolytic when tested at both low and high E:T
      ratios but PBM were only cytolytic at the low E:T ratio. A variable dependence
      upon soluble cytostatic factor(s) was suggested, and there was evidence of
      heterogeneity in the factors released by the two populations. Cytostatic factor
      production by both populations appeared to be under similar regulatory
      constraints. In vitro maturation of PBM altered their cytostatic dose-response
      curve to one resembling that previously reported for BAM. It was also shown that
      sera from poor-prognosis lung tumor patients, which suppressed the in vitro
      maturation of PBM, also suppressed the in vitro cytostatic activity of PBM for
      cultured human lung tumor cells.

PMID- 3844977
TI  - Localization of an anti-CEA monoclonal antibody in colo-rectal carcinoma
      xenografts.
AB  - A mouse monoclonal anti-CEA antibody (11.285.14) has been examined for tumour
      localization potential by assessing its distribution in immunodeprived mice with
      xenografts of human colon carcinoma cell lines HCT-8, HRT-18, HT-29, and LS174T
      and a xenograft (HRVB) established from a primary rectal carcinoma. With four
      carcinomas (HCT-8, HT-29, LS174T, and HRVB) preferential tumour localization of
      125I anti-CEA was seen. Compared with 131I normal IgG1 localization indices of up
      to 4.4:1 were achieved. Up to 10% of the injected dose of 125I anti-CEA was
      present/g of tumour tissue and with the largest xenografts examined (3-4 g) up to
      40% of the total body reactivity was localized in tumour tissue. The tumour
      localization of 131I labelled antibody was visualized by external gamma camera
      imaging. Overall antibody localization correlated with the CEA content of the
      xenografts and the fourth colon carcinoma xenograft (HRT-18) and an osteogenic
      sarcoma xenograft (791T), both with very low CEA levels, showed no localization
      of the monoclonal antibody.

PMID- 3844978
TI  - [The effect of new oligopeptide elastase inhibitors in acute experimental
      pancreatitis in the rat].

PMID- 3844979
TI  - Understanding Asian diets.

PMID- 3844980
TI  - Nutrition. A healthy start.

PMID- 3844981
TI  - Nutrition. Intolerant babies.

PMID- 3844982
TI  - Meeting minority needs.

PMID- 3844983
TI  - Ethnic minorities. Understanding the under-fives.

PMID- 3844984
TI  - What's happening in Connecticut: gerontological nursing practice.

PMID- 3844985
TI  - Effective credentialing and peer review of nursing personnel.

PMID- 3844986
TI  - Arrhythmia quiz (suppression of sino-atrial node with junctional escape beats).

PMID- 3844987
TI  - EKG of the month (myocardial infarction with complete heart block).

PMID- 3844988
TI  - Nursing care plan for the patient receiving high-frequency jet ventilation.

PMID- 3844989
TI  - Judaic ethical beliefs and customs regarding death and dying.

PMID- 3844990
TI  - High-frequency ventilation: an overview.

PMID- 3844992
TI  - Metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor-IV).

PMID- 3844991
TI  - Adrenal insufficiency.

PMID- 3844993
TI  - The experience of acute illness: impact on psychosocial needs.

PMID- 3844995
TI  - Indications for and management of cardiac pacemakers.
AB  - Cardiac pacemakers are now at the forefront of medical technology. The ability to
      provide pacing therapy adapted to the individual patient has resulted in
      significant patient benefit. Although the indications for cardiac pacing have
      changed little over the past decade, the types of pacemakers available for
      specific bradyarrhythmias have proliferated in leaps and bounds. This technology
      is complex and sophisticated and requires in-depth knowledge for appropriate
      utilization. Artificial replacement of the human conduction system is now a
      reality. Still other advances remain to be achieved in this area, mainly in
      sensor technology and pacing therapy for tachyarrhythmias. At the current rate of
      development, the outlook is indeed promising.

PMID- 3844994
TI  - Respiratory infections may reflect deficiencies in host defense mechanisms.
AB  - Serious respiratory tract infections are rare in the healthy individual and most
      of the nuisance morbidity that occurs results from nasopharyngeal viral
      infections that many people get once or twice a year. The economic impact from
      these upper respiratory tract infections is appreciable, however, in terms of
      absenteeism from school or work, but unfortunately there is little that can be
      done to ward them off in a practical way. Pneumonia is an infrequent lifetime
      experience for most non-smoking adults and when it occurs, unusual circumstances
      may pertain--a particularly virulent microorganism is in circulation, or perhaps
      one has been exposed to a newly recognized germ, such as has occurred with
      Legionella species in the past 8 years or so. What protects us the great majority
      of the time is a very effective network of respiratory tract host defenses. These
      include many mechanical and anatomical barrier mechanisms concentrated in nose
      and throat; mucociliary clearance, coughing and mucosal immunoglobulins in the
      conducting airways and in the air-exchange region of the alveolar structures,
      phagocytes, opsonins, complement, surfactant and many other factors combine to
      clear infectious agents. The ability to mount an inflammatory response in the
      alveoli may represent the maximal and ultimate expression of local host defense.
      In some way these host defenses are combating constantly the influx of micro
      organisms, usually inhaled or aspirated into the airways, that try to gain a
      foothold on the mucosal surface and colonize it. But many general changes in
      overall health such as debility, poor nutrition, metabolic derangements, bone
      marrow suppression and perhaps aging promote abnormal microbial colonization and
      undermine the body's defenses that try to cope with the situation. It is a
      dynamic struggle. The departure from normal respiratory health may not be obvious
      immediately to the patient or to the physician and repeated episodes of infection
      or persisting symptoms of cough, expectoration and sinus or ear infections may
      develop before serious assessment of the situation is taken and appropriate
      diagnosis gotten underway. Obvious explanations for respiratory infections may be
      apparent and, nowadays, side effects from antineoplastic chemotherapy or
      immunosuppressive therapy for a variety of diseases that create an
      immunocompromised host are common. In a few subjects, especially young adults who
      present with a cumulative history of frequent but mild infections in childhood
      and youth, a subtle deficiency in host defenses may exist and have been partially
      masked because of attentive pediatric medical care and prompt use of broad
      spectrum antibiotics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3844996
TI  - [Hygienic requirements in producing and storing milk].

PMID- 3844998
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy principles in agranulocytosis].

PMID- 3844997
TI  - [Drug disease].

PMID- 3844999
TI  - [Hemorrhagic vasculitis in children].

PMID- 3845000
TI  - [Occupational hazards in the work of paramedical personnel].

PMID- 3845001
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3845002
TI  - [Use of ozocerite and other heat-transfer agents].

PMID- 3845003
TI  - [Kalanchoe juice].

PMID- 3845004
TI  - [Hygienic education of pregnant women and puerperae].

PMID- 3845005
TI  - [Health education in preventing diseases of the teeth and periodontium].

PMID- 3845006
TI  - [Work organization of a health center].

PMID- 3845007
TI  - [Active detection of chronic nonspecific lung diseases on an outpatient basis].

PMID- 3845008
TI  - [Prevention of maternal trauma during labor].

PMID- 3845009
TI  - [Diagnosis of injuries in persons in a state of alcoholic intoxication].

PMID- 3845010
TI  - [Treatment of sleep disorders].

PMID- 3845011
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of syphilis].

PMID- 3845012
TI  - [Vegetables and fruit in nutrition].

PMID- 3845013
TI  - [Use of the Saliut portable electrocardiograph as a cardiac monitor].

PMID- 3845014
TI  - [New health education motion pictures].

PMID- 3845015
TI  - [Organization of nutrition for pupils in schools].

PMID- 3845016
TI  - Nursing and health care in Israel.

PMID- 3845018
TI  - A critical care challenge the patient with a cervical spinal cord injury.

PMID- 3845017
TI  - Supervision by the critical care nurse.

PMID- 3845020
TI  - A conceptual approach to critical care nursing using Levine's model.

PMID- 3845019
TI  - Vernice Ferguson: innovative leader in nursing.

PMID- 3845021
TI  - Documentation: a vital link to nursing practice.

PMID- 3845022
TI  - Quick reference guide to pediatric emergency drugs.

PMID- 3845023
TI  - [Kallikrein therapy in asthenozoospermia].

PMID- 3845024
TI  - Kallikrein gene expression in the rat anterior pituitary.
AB  - The report of 'kallikrein-like' activity in the rat neuro-intermediate lobe (N
      IL) and its possible involvement in pro-opiomelanocortin processing led us to
      explore the expression of the kallikrein gene(s) in the pituitary. Using 32P
      labelled rat pancreatic kallikrein cDNA, we have shown positive hybridization for
      rat anterior pituitary poly(A)+ RNA, of identical size on Northern blots
      (approximately 1.0 kb) to rat kidney poly(A)+ RNA run in parallel. Prior
      adrenalectomy or ovariectomy decreased the level of kallikrein mRNA seen in the
      anterior pituitary; total RNA from rat N-IL showed no significant hybridization.
      On hybridization histochemistry the anterior pituitary was strongly positive, and
      the neural and intermediate lobes negative. The previously reported kallikrein
      like activity in the N-IL is therefore probably due to a non-kallikrein
      kininogenase; in the anterior pituitary, kallikrein may have a physiological role
      in limited precursor proteolysis, but lack kininogen activity.

PMID- 3845025
TI  - [Puncture cytology of the breast: correlation of visual and image analysis
      studies with hormone receptor status].
AB  - It is possible to predict to some extent the hormone receptor status of
      carcinomas of the breast via cytomorphology of fine needle biopsy specimens. In
      most cases the cytologically highly differentiated carcinomas are receptor
      positive and the poorly differentiated ones receptor-negative if the cases are
      arranged in the sequence of increasing conspicuousness of cellular criteria of
      malignancy. Since visual microscopic examination is subjective by nature,
      quantification was carried out by means of high-resolution image analysis using
      Pappenheim stained slides. The quantitative image analysis grading system basing
      on this method proved to be even more efficient than visual diagnosis.

PMID- 3845026
TI  - [Endometrioses in a surgical patient sample].
AB  - In general surgery patients, endometrioses can occur in the gastro-intestinal
      tract; they can also appear as cicatricial endometrioses or can be manifested as
      other, rare localisations of endometriosis tissue. In many cases it is not
      possible to arrive at a pre-operative diagnosis which is histologically
      established. Hence, treatment in endometriosis of the colon is surgical resection
      in order to delineate it against carcinoma and for the purpose of treating
      cicatricial stenosis which is usually associated with endometriosis. In
      cicatricial endometrioses and cysts in the inguinal region, diagnosis became
      possible only after surgery and postoperative histological examination.

PMID- 3845027
TI  - [Sex life following hysterectomy].
AB  - The authors report on the results of an inquiry via questionnaires on the sexual
      activities of 164 hysterectomised women before and after surgery. 47.5 per cent
      of the women stated that their sexual activities had deteriorated after the
      operation, whereas 13% reported an improvement. There was a significant increase
      in the number of women with "deteriorated" sex life after simultaneous bilateral
      ovarectomy (p less than 0.01). The most frequent negative sequels were a decrease
      in sexual appetency (42.7%) and coital activity (30.5%). Sex life deterioration
      became evident in 43% of the women already during the first year following the
      operation, further deterioration being less marked (in one to three years in 52%,
      and after more than 3 years after the operation in 58% of the patients). The
      opinion has been voiced that the time a few months before and after hysterectomy
      is the most critical phase in respect of mental condition and sexual activities.
      This critical phase can be overcome only with the close co-operation between the
      doctor on the one hand and the married couple on the other; both partners to the
      marriage must be equally amenable to counselling and advice.

PMID- 3845028
TI  - [Cervix priming in induced abortion in the 1st trimester using intracervical
      administration of sulprostone gel].
AB  - In a prospective, randomised study 40 primigravidae were treated intracervically
      with 0.05 mg or 0.1 mg Sulprostone-Tylose gel in order to soften the cervix prior
      to first trimester termination of pregnancy. Curettage was performed on the
      average 7.5 hours after prostaglandin administration. For objective demonstration
      of the priming effect, the force required for dilatation of the cervical canal
      was measured in Newtons by a special tonometer before prostaglandin application
      and before operation. The maximal dilatability with a force of 10 N, the increase
      in dilatability after local PG application, and the patency of the cervix were
      measured. The occurrence of PG-induced lower abdominal pain associated with
      contractions was analysed with regard to the number of episodes at pain, their
      timing and the required amount of analgesics. A modified visual analogue scale
      was used to evaluate the subjective pain experience. The abortive effect of 0.1
      mg Sulprostone was found to be more efficient than the 0.05 mg dose. There was no
      statistical significant difference between the two doses, however, for the
      priming effect detectable with the tonometer. The subjective experience of pain,
      use of analgesics and the frequency of gastrointestinal side effects were
      significantly higher with 0.1 mg than with 0.05 mg Sulprostone. The visual
      analogue scale allows the patient to quantify, at least to some extent, her
      experience of pain, and enables a differentiated analgetic therapy. Because of
      its effectiveness and low rate of side effects, the intracervical application of
      0.05 mg Sulprostone gel promises to be an advantageous alternative to other
      methods of cervical priming.

PMID- 3845029
TI  - [Diagnostic conization in clinical cervix cancer].
AB  - Various methods of tissue sampling are used to verify histologically a clinical
      carcinoma of the cervix. The question arises whether or not diagnostic cone
      biopsy has any influence on the treatment and/or the clinical course of this
      disease. The clinical and histological data and the follow-up of 185 patients
      with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were statistically evaluated. We found
      no difference between patients with or without cone biopsy in respect of
      complications, frequency of metastases or recurrences, and survival. However, our
      deliberations permit the following statement: cone biopsy is an appropriate
      method to diagnose cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or microcarcinoma of
      the cervix and may--under certain conditions--even be the adequate therapy.
      However, cone biopsy lacks any advantage over other diagnostic methods if it is
      employed merely for the purpose of histological verification of clinical
      carcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 3845031
TI  - [Non-diethylstilbestrol-induced adenosis of the vagina].
AB  - A case of spontaneous vaginal adenosis in a 39-year old patient is reported. This
      entity is infrequently observed in comparison to the larger number of vaginal
      adenosis due to intrauterine DES exposure. The literature concerning the origin
      of these spontaneous proliferations is controversial: remnants of Wolffian or
      Mullerian ducts are thought to be the source, as well as metaplastic or
      prosoplastic changes. According to stage and extent of the disease, the
      individual case can be categorised into the following subgroups: cystic, florid,
      adenomatous and carcinomatous adenosis. Benign courses are far more frequent.
      Symptoms are observed only in advanced cases; therapy depends on histology,
      extent, and symptoms.

PMID- 3845032
TI  - [Carcinoma formation in a neovagina following vaginoplasty].
AB  - A carcinoma occurs only very rarely in a neovagina. This extremely rare
      occurrence is a suitable example of an exogenous carcinogenesis. Only 6 cases
      have so far been reported in literature. The clinical and morphological features
      are discussed on the basis of the author's own observations on one of his
      patients.

PMID- 3845033
TI  - [Fetal therapy. Ethical problems as a result of prenatal diagnosis].
AB  - If a severe hereditary disease is confirmed by prenatal diagnosis, often the only
      "therapy" available is the termination of pregnancy or induced abortion on the
      grounds of genetic or "foetal" indication, a "therapy" which is of course
      unsatisfactory. However, now a chance of prenatal intrauterine therapy seems to
      be offered via the innocuous imaging methods of diagnosis, such as sonography,
      echocardiography, and magnetic resonance. Ethical considerations on foetal
      include the following problems discussed in the present article: 1. What do we
      know on the basis of studies conducted to date on the risk/benefit ratio? 2. How
      is the moral and legal status of the foetus affected by the fact that the foetus
      is now accessible to medical treatment? 3. What are the implications of the fact
      that foetal therapy is now possible, in respect of the ethical and legal
      assessment of termination of pregnancy? 4. What are the problems arising for the
      doctor with regard to his role as a physician who has pledged himself to help
      mankind, if he starts treating the foetus? 5. What are the possible implications
      and effects of foetal therapeutic practice on the problems of research on and
      with foetuses?

PMID- 3845034
TI  - [Gynecologic and cytogenetic aspects of prenatal diagnosis in the 1st trimester
      of pregnancy].
AB  - The article reports on a new method in prenatal diagnosis during the first three
      months of pregnancy. The gynaecological as well as the cytogenetic aspects are
      discussed on the basis of 74 transcervical trophoblast aspirations. Two different
      experimental preliminary examination series were conducted. In the first study,
      the failure rate in respect of recovery of material was 12.5%, whereas in the
      second examination series all aspirations were successful. Thanks to these
      favourable results, transcervical trophoblast aspiration was adopted as the only
      method used in prenatal diagnosis. In cytogenetic processing, direct chromosome
      preparation was found to be rather costly and time-consuming, whereas the short
      term culture of chorionic villi usually yielded more favourable results in
      respect of mitotic rate and quality of the metaphase plates. It must be
      considered a drawback of transcervical trophoblast aspiration that it is not
      possible to conduct alpha-foetoprotein determination or determination of
      acetylcholine esterase as part of prenatal neural tube diagnosis. However, this
      can be subsequently done-with suitable disposition--during the 16th week of
      pregnancy, or can be replaced by a determination of alpha-foetoprotein in the
      serum of pregnant women.

PMID- 3845030
TI  - [Are there genetic risk factors in the occurrence of choriocarcinoma?].
AB  - Now that we know about the genetic production mechanisms of diseases of the
      trophoblast, interest is concentrated on the question which risk factors can
      produce a disposition in the patient - seen from a clinico-genetic angle -
      towards malignancy of a complete mole. Many years before the genetic
      interrelations became known, there had been discussions on blood relationship as
      a possible aetiological factor in the production of chorionic carcinoma. Since
      consanguinity in preceding generations can lead to a selection of certain
      genotypes, this question was reexamined on a limited patients material (10
      patients with chorionic carcinoma and 11 with mole). The negative result of this
      study contradicts - similar to other recent publications on this subject - the
      hitherto frequently advanced hypothesis that homozygotism is responsible, for a
      recessive "onko" gen, for rendering a complete mole malignant. Recent
      investigations, for example, point to a close correlation between the presence of
      a Y chromosome in a complete mole, and malignancy.

PMID- 3845035
TI  - [Home care of patients with respiratory insufficiency].

PMID- 3845036
TI  - [Cancer pain must be relieved. Global treatment program for pain recommended by
      the WHO].

PMID- 3845038
TI  - Wooton--a clinic twice reborn.

PMID- 3845037
TI  - [The WHO Executive Council underlines the primordial role played by nursing
      personnel in primary health care].

PMID- 3845039
TI  - Leg ulcer treatment. The healing solution?

PMID- 3845040
TI  - A contribution to care. Volunteers wanted.

PMID- 3845041
TI  - The way we care. Attitudes.

PMID- 3845042
TI  - A day out. A change of scene.

PMID- 3845044
TI  - Film making. 'A bit of life'.

PMID- 3845043
TI  - Hypothermia. Keeping out the cold.

PMID- 3845045
TI  - Pet therapy evaluated. The Kingsmead cats.

PMID- 3845046
TI  - A question of friendship.

PMID- 3845047
TI  - Careers. The nurse anesthesia profession: challenges and choices.

PMID- 3845048
TI  - Substance abuse in nursing: how to recognize it, what to do.

PMID- 3845049
TI  - Impaired nursing practice: ethical and legal issues.

PMID- 3845050
TI  - Impairment and the student of nursing.

PMID- 3845052
TI  - Letter to the new graduate.

PMID- 3845051
TI  - Nursing externships: what are they?

PMID- 3845053
TI  - [Thrombocytopenia: a complication of viral infections].

PMID- 3845054
TI  - [The management of specialized equipment].

PMID- 3845055
TI  - [Bioethics and others].

PMID- 3845056
TI  - [The gynecologic exam: a problem for women, a challenge for nurses].

PMID- 3845057
TI  - [Infection prevention in the hospital. 2. Methodology for the isolation of
      patients].

PMID- 3845058
TI  - [Verify, revise and redo].

PMID- 3845059
TI  - [Patients' opinion of care].

PMID- 3845060
TI  - Digestion of elastin by porcine pancreatic elastase I and elastase II.
AB  - Elastin was fully solubilized by digestion with elastase I or elastase II. Each
      digest was separated into high-molecular weight and low-molecular weight
      fractions that were characterized by the correspondence to their amino acid
      content, N-terminal sequence and C-terminal amino acids. It was found that
      although the relative amount of amino acids in the low-molecular weight fraction
      obtained by digestion with elastase I was lower than in digestion with elastase
      II, no major difference in the type of bonds cleaved in the low- or high
      molecular weight fractions of each digest could be seen. There is, however, a
      remarkable difference in the type of bond cleaved by the two enzymes. While
      elastase I cleaves mostly Ala-Ala and also Ala-Gly bonds, elastase II hydrolyzes
      Leu-Ala, Leu-Gly, Phe-Ala, Phe-Gly and Tyr-Ala, Tyr-Gly bonds. Theoretical
      calculations led us to suggest both digests are composed of cross-linked peptides
      that vary not only in the molecular size but also in the number of cross-links
      found in peptides of the same size.

PMID- 3845061
TI  - Genotypic approaches to the diagnosis of bacterial infections: plasmid analyses
      and gene probes.
AB  - Practical genetic approaches have been helpful in the diagnosis, epidemiology,
      and taxonomy of bacterial pathogens encountered in our laboratory at the Centers
      for Disease Control. There are many examples in which plasmid profiles have been
      used to define epidemic strains of enteric bacteria, staphylococci, pseudomonads,
      vibrios, and other pathogenic bacteria. Current methodologies should allow the
      microbiology laboratory to use plasmid profiles routinely and to identify
      plasmids associated with bacterial pathogenesis. Simplified DNA-DNA hybridization
      procedures have been used in our laboratory to survey or "probe' thousands of
      Escherichia coli colonies for the presence of enterotoxin genes, eliminating
      traditional tissue culture or animal assays. Research scientists continue to
      develop gene probes for a number of bacterial toxins and hemolysins and for the
      identification of pathogens such as legionellae and salmonellae. These and other
      probes as well as hybridization "kits' may be commercially available to
      diagnostic laboratories within the next few years.

PMID- 3845062
TI  - Antibody response to somatic antigen of Salmonella typhi in areas endemic and non
      endemic for typhoid fever.
AB  - In sera obtained between the 6th and the 30th day from 16 Austrian and 26 Hong
      Kong patients with culturally verified typhoid fever, agglutinating antibodies
      (microagglutination test) at significant titers were detected in 93% of the
      Austrian (median titer: 640) but in only 50% of the Hong Kong patients (median
      titer: 240). Similar results (93% and 54% positive sera respectively) were
      obtained for specific IgM as assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) using lipopolysaccharide of S. typhi as antigen (median relative titer:
      0.32 and 0.21 respectively). In contrast, specific IgG at significant
      concentrations were found in only 69% of the Austrian (median relative titer:
      0.16) but 88% of the Hong Kong sera (median relative titer: 0.71). The (IgM
      detecting) microagglutination test may be sufficiently diagnostic for typhoid
      fever in nonendemic areas such as Austria. In endemic regions like Hong Kong,
      however, tests indicative for early specific IgG are indispensable for
      serological diagnosis of the disease. The ELISA proved useful and is an example
      for such tests.

PMID- 3845063
TI  - Enterobacter mediastinitis following cardiac surgery.
AB  - Eight cases of sternal/mediastinal infection due to Enterobacter species were
      seen in postoperative cardiac patients during 1980 to 1981. The attack rate was
      14.5% (8/55), compared to 3.7% (2/54) for an identical period in 1979 to 1980 (p
      less than 0.05). Cases varied in severity from fulminant, acute bacteremic
      infections (one death) to less severe wound infection. Late complications or
      recurrences were not seen. There was a hospital-wide increase, relative to all
      other gram-negative bacillary isolates, in Enterobacter laboratory isolations,
      but no increased rate of infection in any other specific surgical condition. No
      personnel, materials, or techniques were associated with the outbreak, and all
      but two environmental cultures were negative. Case-control analysis suggested
      that surgical complications and prophylactic cephalosporins were associated with
      infection. Prospectively, an additional 85 cardiac surgery patients had increased
      Enterobacter skin/wound colonization following perioperative prophylaxis with
      cephalosporin antibiotics. After introduction of barrier isolation and
      restriction of contacts no further mediastinitis occurred in 100 subsequent
      cardiac surgery patients. This study indicates that Enterobacter may be major
      pathogens causing post-cardiac-surgery infection not prevented by cephalosporin
      prophylaxis.

PMID- 3845064
TI  - Lack of nosocomial spread of Varicella in a pediatric hospital with negative
      pressure ventilated patient rooms.
AB  - All patients at the new British Columbia's Children's Hospital with chickenpox or
      Herpes zoster are nursed with appropriate precautions in single-bed rooms
      provided with negative pressure ventilation. Over a period of 1 year, no
      nosocomial infections were detected on follow-up of 110 susceptible patients who
      had been on wards at the same time as six cases of chickenpox and one
      immunocompromised patient with cutaneous dissemination of Varicella zoster. In a
      preceding study at the previous hospital, with similar staff, control measures,
      and patient population, in an isolation facility without negative pressure
      ventilation, nosocomial infections occurred in seven out of 41 susceptible
      patients who were on the same ward as two patients with chickenpox. These
      findings suggest that a simple negative pressure ventilation system without air
      locks is a useful adjunct in the control of cutaneous Varicella infections.

PMID- 3845065
TI  - Q fever and experimental sheep. From the International Council for Laboratory
      Animal Science.

PMID- 3845066
TI  - Enterobacter.

PMID- 3845067
TI  - Room humidifiers and hospitals.

PMID- 3845068
TI  - Morbidity and mortality rates for peripheral vascular surgery.

PMID- 3845069
TI  - The transmission of infections in hospitals by staff carriers, methods of
      prevention and control.

PMID- 3845070
TI  - The hidden shame: wife assault.

PMID- 3845071
TI  - All you wanted to know about grants but didn't know who to ask.

PMID- 3845072
TI  - Home care agencies and health care competition.

PMID- 3845073
TI  - After your client quits smoking. Hospital pressure vs. self-motivation.

PMID- 3845074
TI  - "For mom with love". A nurse's perspective on death and dying.

PMID- 3845075
TI  - Supervising the independent health care contractor: using the contract to limit
      your liability.

PMID- 3845076
TI  - Home health aides: the changing role one agency's experience.

PMID- 3845077
TI  - Community support for families caring for members with Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3845078
TI  - Differences in ability of cell-wall antibiotics to suppress emergence of
      rifampicin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Rifampicin resistance developed easily in methicillin-susceptible and methicillin
      resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus during an overnight incubation in
      broth containing 0.1 mg/l of rifampicin. Incubation of methicillin-susceptible
      Staph. aureus and 0.1 mg/l of rifampicin with 1 mg/l of nafcillin reduced the
      emergence of rifampicin resistance with only 5 of 50 strains (10%) becoming
      rifampicin-resistant. However, incubation of the methicillin-susceptible or
      methicillin-resistant strains with 0.1 mg/l of rifampicin and 1 mg/l of
      vancomycin did not prevent the development of rifampicin resistance. Rifampicin
      resistance developed in 25 of 50 (50%) of methicillin-susceptible and 32 of 50
      (64%) methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus strains tested. These data would
      suggest that differences exist in the abilities of nafcillin and vancomycin to
      suppress the development of rifampicin resistance in Staph. aureus (P less than
      0.01). Caution should be exercised when the combination of vancomycin and
      rifampicin is used for infections caused by Staph. aureus and Staph. aureus
      isolates recovered during therapy should be monitored for the development of
      rifampicin resistance.

PMID- 3845079
TI  - Piperacillin activity and anaerobic infections.

PMID- 3845080
TI  - Full expression of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 3845081
TI  - 5-Methyl-2-thiouridine in the tRNA of Candida tropicalis and its localization in
      lysine tRNA.
AB  - 35S incorporation studies showed that Candida tropicalis tRNA contained two
      thionucleosides, one of which was identified as 5-methyl-2-thiouridine. The other
      thionucleoside was alkali labile, and it appeared to be an ester. Pulse-chase
      experiments suggested that the two thionucleosides were structurally related. 5
      Methyl-2-thiouridine was present in one of the lysine tRNAs. This is the first
      report of the presence of this nucleoside in a yeast tRNA.

PMID- 3845082
TI  - The elderly--victims of the gross national product.

PMID- 3845083
TI  - Management problems associated with ileoanal reservoir.

PMID- 3845085
TI  - Conventional ileostomy converted to a Kock continent ileostomy: social and
      psychological significance as perceived by two individuals with conversions.

PMID- 3845084
TI  - A multidisciplinary approach to services for enterostomy patients.

PMID- 3845087
TI  - Levels of measurement.

PMID- 3845086
TI  - Drug actions on the lower urinary tract.

PMID- 3845088
TI  - An enterostomal therapy services brochure--a visual aid.

PMID- 3845089
TI  - Computerization of patient acuity and nursing care planning. New approach to
      improved patient care and cost-effective staffing.
AB  - Patient classification systems are essential for nurse administrators to justify
      nursing staff and to project budget. To answer these needs effectively, a
      computerized patient classification system must be customized to existing
      physical and human resources within each health care facility. Nursing
      administrators at Riverside Medical Center met this need by developing a
      computerized patient classification system that integrates patient acuity with
      patient care plans and nursing diagnoses. Direct cost accounting of nursing care
      according to patient needs and outcomes can be justified by correlating this
      management and practice data.

PMID- 3845090
TI  - Microcomputers in nursing administration. A software overview.
AB  - The current environment of prospective payment systems and cost control requires
      nursing administrators to have fast access to useful, reliable information.
      Microcomputers can be used by individuals who are not computer experts to
      generate that information. This article discusses the various types of computer
      software used on microcomputers and gives examples of nursing administration
      applications for microcomputer software.

PMID- 3845091
TI  - Patient abuse should be your concern.
AB  - Are patients in your hospital ever abused by staff or by other patients? If you
      think the answer to this question is no, read on. This article discusses the
      nature of patient abuse, its causes, signs, and symptoms. Most important, it will
      give you guidelines for investigating and preventing patient abuse.

PMID- 3845093
TI  - Self-mentoring strategies.

PMID- 3845092
TI  - Gamesmanship: the art of strategizing.
AB  - How can you turn your personal power into organizational power? By recognizing
      that the hospital or university is motivated by politics and using the political
      system to your advantage. Learn how to select and use specific approaches and
      tactics to increase your effectiveness.

PMID- 3845094
TI  - Field Methods: Research in the natural setting.

PMID- 3845096
TI  - Good nurses, bad nurses. A patient's-eye view.

PMID- 3845095
TI  - Comparison of cefoperazone sodium vs methicillin, ticarcillin, and tobramycin in
      treatment of pulmonary exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 3845097
TI  - Ruth Lichtenberger's outlandish dream. A JCN interview with the general director
      of NCFI.

PMID- 3845098
TI  - The miracle of everyday healing. Expecting the extraordinary can be dangerous.

PMID- 3845099
TI  - Explaining leukemia to classmates.

PMID- 3845100
TI  - Adolescent amputee ski rehabilitation program.

PMID- 3845101
TI  - One step at a time: summer camping for children with cancer.

PMID- 3845102
TI  - Integrating the research concept into the staff nurse role.

PMID- 3845103
TI  - Dynamics of the family of a child with cancer.

PMID- 3845104
TI  - Approaches to sampling.

PMID- 3845105
TI  - Psychological assessment of the adolescent with cancer.

PMID- 3845106
TI  - In support of placebos: making do with make-believe.

PMID- 3845107
TI  - Indwelling urinary catheters: how's your technique?

PMID- 3845108
TI  - Urinary tract infections.

PMID- 3845110
TI  - Bed positioning.

PMID- 3845109
TI  - Aids to independence.

PMID- 3845111
TI  - New drug delivery systems.

PMID- 3845112
TI  - Your CE topic this month (No. 5). Multidisciplinary treatment of rheumatoid
      arthritis.

PMID- 3845113
TI  - Postpartum disorders. Mother-infant bonding on a psychiatric unit.

PMID- 3845114
TI  - Recognizing transference and countertransference.

PMID- 3845115
TI  - Supervising clinical practice in psychosocial nursing.

PMID- 3845116
TI  - Measuring the aftermath of rape.

PMID- 3845117
TI  - Preparing nurse-educators. Who should teach undergraduates?

PMID- 3845118
TI  - Humanistic care of the patient in seclusion.

PMID- 3845120
TI  - Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in a population of healthy Nigerian
      students.
AB  - The nasal carrier-rate of Staphylococcus aureus in 548 Nigerians aged 9-32 years
      and attending various educational establishments was 56.4%. This rate decreased
      with increasing age. A significantly greater proportion of females (65.0%) than
      males (46.5%) were carriers, but the excess in females was apparent only in
      subjects aged greater than 20 years. Mucoid strains of S. aureus, which gave a
      negative slide-coagulase reaction, were found in 21.5% of carriers aged 10-15
      years, but were absent from members of other age-groups. A considerable
      proportion of all the strains tested were resistant to commonly used antibiotics.

PMID- 3845119
TI  - Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated at an Australian hospital
      between 1946 and 1981.
AB  - A total of 517 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated at a hospital in
      Melbourne, Australia between 1946 and 1981 was examined for resistance to a range
      of antimicrobial agents and for the presence of plasmid DNA. The use of mixed
      culture transfer and restriction endonuclease analysis showed that the
      determinants for resistance to penicillin and to the heavy metals were carried by
      several related plasmids of (15-23) X 10(6) mol. wt, and that tetracycline
      resistance was encoded on a plasmid of 2.8 X 10(6) mol. wt in strains isolated
      before 1970. These phenotypes were chromosomally encoded in the majority of
      strains isolated thereafter. Resistance to chloramphenicol throughout the study
      period was plasmid-mediated. Of five aminoglycoside-resistance phenotypes, one
      was plasmid-mediated and three were chromosomally encoded. The remaining
      phenotype, specifying low-level gentamicin resistance, was found to be located on
      the chromosome of early isolates, but in later strains was borne by an 18 X 10(6)
      mol. wt plasmid which also encoded resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds.

PMID- 3845121
TI  - Antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci.
AB  - Patterns of resistance to antimicrobial agents were studied in 193 strains of
      coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from hospital patients. Strains
      isolated from patients with malignant disease were significantly more often
      resistant to sulphonamide, trimethoprim, gentamicin and methicillin than were
      strains from other sources. Susceptibility to various beta-lactam antibiotics and
      aminoglycosides was investigated in members of the two most frequent species:
      Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. haemolyticus. S. haemolyticus strains were not
      only more often resistant to methicillin than S. epidermidis strains
      (respectively 81% and 17%) but they were more highly resistant (mean MICs
      respectively 85 and 19 mg/L). Methicillin-resistant S. haemolyticus strains were
      highly resistant to nine other beta-lactam antibiotics, whereas methicillin
      resistant S. epidermidis strains showed both lower levels and a narrower spectrum
      of cross-resistance. Resistance to methicillin in members of both species was
      "heterogeneous", i.e., only a minority of cells in a culture showed significant
      resistance. Almost all gentamicin-resistant strains were sensitive to netilmicin
      and amikacin; rifampicin, vancomycin and teicoplanin were also highly active in
      vitro.

PMID- 3845122
TI  - Structure of ribosome-bound messenger RNA as revealed by enzymatic accessibility
      studies.
AB  - Digestion with ribonuclease T2 has been used to study the size of poly(U)
      protected by ribosome binding. Several different preparations of ribosomes all
      appear to cover 49 nucleotides of message; however, there are two partially
      accessible internal nuclease cleavage sites, which yield, ultimately, fragments
      20, 16 and 13 nucleotides in length. Curiously, the site between fragments of
      length 20 and 16 is accessible to RNase T2 but not to the several much smaller
      RNases. Arguments based on the quantitative pattern of cleavage and comparisons
      with previous studies lead to the conclusion that the 20-mer is the 5' fragment,
      while 13-mer (which is lost the moment it is cleaved from the 16-mer) is the 3'
      fragment. Both ribosome-bound tRNAs appear to contact only the 16-mer. The
      presence of the two internal cleavage sites fits nicely with recent electron
      microscopic data suggesting that mRNA forms a loop around the 30 S subunit.

PMID- 3845123
TI  - Mouse egg extracellular coat is a matrix of interconnected filaments possessing a
      structural repeat.
AB  - As the result of a combined biochemical and electron microscopic investigation,
      hitherto unrecognized structural features of the mouse egg extracellular coat, or
      zona pellucida, have been revealed. Specimens were prepared for electron
      microscopy by spraying individually isolated zonae pellucidae onto a substrate
      and were observed by both rotary shadowing and negative staining techniques.
      Results of these experiments suggest that the three zona pellucida glycoproteins,
      ZP1 (200,000 Mr), ZP2 (120,000 Mr) and ZP3 (83,000 Mr), are organized into long
      filaments. Negatively stained zona pellucida filaments resemble "beads-on-a
      string", with each bead (9.5 nm in diameter) located every 17 nm or so (center-to
      center distance) along the axis of the filament. The filaments, in turn, appear
      to be interconnected by one of the three zona pellucida glycoproteins, ZP1,
      giving rise to a three-dimensional matrix. Proteolysis of ZP1 by chymotrypsin or
      reduction of intermolecular disulfides of ZP1 by dithiothreitol results in both
      solubilization of zonae pellucidae and disruption of interconnections between
      individual zona pellucida filaments. These observations suggest that the zona
      pellucida, which plays important roles both during and after fertilization of
      mammalian eggs, is a highly organized extracellular coat in which glycoproteins
      are assembled into filaments possessing a recognizable structural repeat.

PMID- 3845124
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy: the path to blindness can be blocked.

PMID- 3845125
TI  - What's new in contact lenses?

PMID- 3845126
TI  - A conservative approach to radial keratotomy.

PMID- 3845127
TI  - Cross cylinder function.

PMID- 3845129
TI  - [Bioethics seminar. 12. For the future of nursing].

PMID- 3845130
TI  - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Nachiko Kato who returned to clinical nursing after 20
      years of teaching].

PMID- 3845128
TI  - Document ocular pathology with ophthalmic photography.

PMID- 3845131
TI  - [Record by a cancer patient. A positive attitude even when the voice is lost. 1.
      Discovery of cancer].

PMID- 3845132
TI  - [Working as a public health nurse in Indonesia. An island called Sulawesi].

PMID- 3845133
TI  - [Emergency treatment as team care: from primary care to critical care].

PMID- 3845134
TI  - [Gathering and recording of information on emergency patients].

PMID- 3845135
TI  - [Nursing planning at the initial examination: practice of triage by nurses].

PMID- 3845136
TI  - [Approach to trauma patients: on nursing actions for 2 patients who permanently
      lost part of body functions].

PMID- 3845137
TI  - [Approach to burn patients: experiences with 2 cases with ICU syndrome and a
      respiratory tract burn].

PMID- 3845138
TI  - [Management of alcoholism, drug intoxication, and attempted suicide].

PMID- 3845139
TI  - [Responses to family members of patients in medical crises].

PMID- 3845140
TI  - [Basic steps in emergency care].

PMID- 3845142
TI  - [Report from hospices: care of dying patients. 1. The current status of Yodogawa
      Christian Hospital Hospice].

PMID- 3845141
TI  - [Home nursing 11. On problem cases observed in home nursing].

PMID- 3845143
TI  - [Psychology of pain (3). Psychodynamics of pain].

PMID- 3845145
TI  - [Primary nursing (1)].

PMID- 3845144
TI  - [Physical training at a home for the aged. 9. The meaning of assistance].

PMID- 3845146
TI  - [Vital signs (2). The vital signs, the best aid in nursing].

PMID- 3845147
TI  - [Continuation of the Neurosurgical Nursing Research Group].

PMID- 3845148
TI  - [Management of adverse effects of cancer therapy: nursing of a patient with acute
      symptoms probably due to the adverse effect of antineoplastic agents].

PMID- 3845149
TI  - [Care of stomatitis associated with the treatment of cancer].

PMID- 3845150
TI  - [Use of honey to ease the pain of stomatitis during radiotherapy].

PMID- 3845151
TI  - [Improved nursing of patients receiving cisplatin: keypoints in easing nausea and
      vomiting and guidance in the diet].

PMID- 3845153
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with chronic renal failure: a lesson in nursing of a
      terminal patient].

PMID- 3845152
TI  - [Home nursing by nurses from a rehabilitation ward].

PMID- 3845154
TI  - [A monologue by a nursing director: efforts by a nursing director].

PMID- 3845155
TI  - [Reports from hospices (2): care of dying people. Daily activities at a hospice].

PMID- 3845156
TI  - [Therapeutic basis of the treatment of pain].

PMID- 3845157
TI  - [Rehabilitation department of a home for the aged. 10. Care to assist the patient
      toward self-sufficiency: establishment of a policy independent of circumstances].

PMID- 3845158
TI  - [Questions and answers on rehabilitation. 11. Environmental changes and health of
      children].

PMID- 3845159
TI  - [Counseling for the patient. 1. Definition of counseling].

PMID- 3845160
TI  - [Profile of a nurse. Mr. Kazuo Hayakawa, a male nurse specializing in regional
      psychiatric nursing].

PMID- 3845162
TI  - [Public health nursing in Indonesia. 2. Acceptance of the inhabitants as they
      are].

PMID- 3845161
TI  - [Record by a cancer patient. Positive attitude in spite of a loss of the voice.
      2. From the hell to the heaven].

PMID- 3845163
TI  - [Intracystic ultrasonic emulsification and suction of cataract under microscopy:
      a trial at Hara Ophthalmic Hospital].

PMID- 3845164
TI  - [Definition of primary nursing (2). Actions of the primary nurse].

PMID- 3845166
TI  - [Fasting as therapy].

PMID- 3845165
TI  - [Re-evaluation of the daily care. 39. Privacy of patients].

PMID- 3845167
TI  - [Nurses' view. Development of nursing treatment: a suggestion for diversification
      of the nursing service].

PMID- 3845168
TI  - [Facing the third year in clinical nursing: establishment of individual nursing
      philosophy].

PMID- 3845169
TI  - [Nurses in the third year of clinical practice: an observation during in-service
      training].

PMID- 3845170
TI  - [Problems at the 3d year of clinical nursing. The learning experience as a guide
      for self-expression: self development in nursing practice].

PMID- 3845171
TI  - [Independent nursing study (a nursing seminar): a reflection on the activities
      during the first 3 years of nursing].

PMID- 3845172
TI  - [Problems at the 3d year of clinical nursing: lessons learned at the nursing
      seminar].

PMID- 3845173
TI  - [Bedside nursing. Interactions with a terminal patient: a case of Pancoast-type
      lung cancer with acute pain].

PMID- 3845174
TI  - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient with marble bone disease with fracture of
      the left femoral neck].

PMID- 3845176
TI  - [Joint recreational activities of the psychiatric and pediatric wards: a trial at
      liaison psychiatric nursing].

PMID- 3845177
TI  - [Joint recreational activities of the psychiatric and pediatric wards: the
      response of the pediatric ward].

PMID- 3845175
TI  - [Computation of calories and water contents of food items at the ICU: use of a
      pocket computer].

PMID- 3845178
TI  - [Home nursing: clinical report 13. Home care in an area with heavy snow falls].

PMID- 3845179
TI  - [Monologue by a nursing director: communication difficulty with a foreign
      patient].

PMID- 3845180
TI  - [Reports from hospices. 3. Care of dying patients. The final moment of life].

PMID- 3845181
TI  - [Clinical aspects of pain. 11. Chemotherapy (11). Causes of pain and selection of
      drugs].

PMID- 3845182
TI  - [Physical therapy department at a home for the aged. 11. Methodology specific to
      life activities: the use of the buzzer by a patient to call nurses].

PMID- 3845184
TI  - [Counseling of the patient. 2. Definition of counseling].

PMID- 3845183
TI  - [Questions and answers on rehabilitation. 12. Progress in the past 10 years].

PMID- 3845185
TI  - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Sonia Maria Tokunaga, a nursing student from Brazil].

PMID- 3845186
TI  - [Record by a cancer patient. A positive attitude in spite of loss of vocal
      function. 3. Return of the agony].

PMID- 3845187
TI  - [Public health nursing in Indonesia. 3. Life in a village].

PMID- 3845189
TI  - [Physiopathology and diagnosis of hydrocephalus].

PMID- 3845188
TI  - [Mechanism of the development of hydrocephalus].

PMID- 3845190
TI  - [Surgical therapy of hydrocephalus].

PMID- 3845191
TI  - [Postoperative management of patients with hydrocephalus and complications
      following shunts].

PMID- 3845192
TI  - [Long-term prognosis of children with hydrocephalus].

PMID- 3845194
TI  - [Intraoperative care of children with hydrocephalus and management of
      postoperative complications].

PMID- 3845193
TI  - [Establishment of nursing criteria for patients with hydrocephalus--based on
      nursing of patients undergoing shunts].

PMID- 3845195
TI  - [Meningitis following shunt surgery of children with hydrocephalus].

PMID- 3845196
TI  - [Home care of children with hydrocephalus--shunt care by families and
      instructions on daily activities].

PMID- 3845197
TI  - [Nursing of a child with hydrocephalus complicated by myelocele].

PMID- 3845198
TI  - [Nursing of a child with hydrocephalus who underwent repeated hospitalization due
      to malfunction of the shunt tube following a period of home nursing].

PMID- 3845199
TI  - [Nursing of an adult with hydrocephalus].

PMID- 3845200
TI  - [Regional nursing of handicapped children--an observation on the care of children
      with hydrocephalus].

PMID- 3845201
TI  - [Sudden infant death syndrome].

PMID- 3845202
TI  - [Oral medication to supplement kidney function].

PMID- 3845203
TI  - [Endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices].

PMID- 3845204
TI  - [Designing of an artificial testis and its clinical application].

PMID- 3845205
TI  - [A new technic of colostomy--use of a stapling instrument].

PMID- 3845206
TI  - [Surgical treatment of chronic constipation].

PMID- 3845207
TI  - [Intracranial hypertension and its clinical management].

PMID- 3845208
TI  - [Keypoints in nursing of patients with raised intracranial pressure].

PMID- 3845209
TI  - [Experience in nursing of patients with locked-in syndrome--establishment of
      communication with the patients].

PMID- 3845210
TI  - [Cleansing of the patient's body as a nursing technic--evaluation based on the
      effects on skin temperature and thermal flow].

PMID- 3845212
TI  - [Responsibilities in education of diabetic patients].

PMID- 3845211
TI  - [Surgical nephrostomy].

PMID- 3845213
TI  - [Trend in nursing education in China].

PMID- 3845214
TI  - [The present status and the future of nursing education in China. The addition of
      specialty departments in nursing for the overall improvement of nursing
      education].

PMID- 3845215
TI  - [The present status and future of nursing education in China. Evaluation of test
      methods for intellectual development].

PMID- 3845216
TI  - [Planning of teaching "adult health" in the adult nursing course].

PMID- 3845217
TI  - [Nursing education. 31. Graduate nursing education in the United States].

PMID- 3845218
TI  - [Methodology and problems in nursing education: solution of problems at the
      educational scene. 7. Purpose expressed as a symptom: the use of Popham's
      method].

PMID- 3845219
TI  - [Nurturing sensitivity in nursing--a problem in the teacher-nursing student
      relations].

PMID- 3845220
TI  - [On nursing education. 32. Doctoral education in nursing].

PMID- 3845222
TI  - [Personal view on the theory and methodology to improve the practical nursing
      capability].

PMID- 3845221
TI  - [Methodology and problems in nursing education: solution of problems at the
      nursing scene. 8. Analysis of teaching goal: theoretical analysis of the task].

PMID- 3845223
TI  - [Speech given at the 55th Igaku Shoin Nursing Seminar: on clinical teaching].

PMID- 3845224
TI  - [Philosophy of terminal care].

PMID- 3845225
TI  - [Problem of modern nursing education. Improvement and implementation of clinical
      training of nursing technology].

PMID- 3845228
TI  - [Re-evaluation of public health nursing activities in Akita Prefecture. Health
      examination of inhabitants].

PMID- 3845226
TI  - [Collection and utilization patient information by nursing students: the
      relationship with nursing plans for patients before and after laparotomy].

PMID- 3845227
TI  - [Re-evaluation of public health nursing activities in Akita Prefecture.
      Cooperation of citizen].

PMID- 3845229
TI  - [Re-evaluation of public health nursing activities in Akita Prefecture.
      Recognition of the importance of regional health care].

PMID- 3845230
TI  - [Re-evaluation of public health nursing activities in Akita Prefecture.
      Experience of a new public health nurse in a historical town].

PMID- 3845231
TI  - [Re-evaluation of public health nursing activities in Akita Prefecture. Love of
      the work of public health nursing].

PMID- 3845232
TI  - [Re-evaluation of public health nursing activities in Akita Prefecture.
      Frustration and mental fatigue associated with the work].

PMID- 3845233
TI  - [Re-evaluation of public health nursing activities in Akita Prefecture. A
      discussion by young public health nurses].

PMID- 3845234
TI  - [Current trends in the operation of public health clinics--with special reference
      to apportioning of the operating fund as a grant].

PMID- 3845235
TI  - [Competition among towns to attract graduating public health nurses].

PMID- 3845237
TI  - [Description of home nursing and family guidance program for aged bedridden
      patients at Kyoto].

PMID- 3845236
TI  - [From re-evaluation to establishment of a perspective in public health
      activities. Establishment of sound nursing bodies: an approach comprising the
      first, second, and third viewpoints].

PMID- 3845238
TI  - [From re-evaluation to the establishment of a prospect in the care of a terminal
      cancer patient who wishes to spend the last days at home].

PMID- 3845239
TI  - [Repeated transfers of an apoplexy patients among several hospitals].

PMID- 3845240
TI  - [Status of nursing of aged, bedridden patients at home and the evaluation of
      their of nursing care needs. (3). Activities of family helpers].

PMID- 3845241
TI  - [Status of health and living conditions of the aged residing in a public health
      nursing district].

PMID- 3845242
TI  - [Agreement on the value concepts among public health nurses--initiation of an
      organized home nursing program for the aged, bedridden patients].

PMID- 3845243
TI  - [Continued care of a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

PMID- 3845245
TI  - [Nursing education system].

PMID- 3845244
TI  - [Expectation of public health nursing staff on head nurses: discussion].

PMID- 3845246
TI  - [Nursing curriculum].

PMID- 3845247
TI  - [Administration in nursing education].

PMID- 3845248
TI  - [Survey report on nursing education, 1984].

PMID- 3845249
TI  - [Community health nursing in Korea].

PMID- 3845250
TI  - [Past and present of public health nursing].

PMID- 3845251
TI  - [Case study].

PMID- 3845253
TI  - [Nursing education for the Korean Society in the 21st century].

PMID- 3845252
TI  - [Study on model for promotion of school health].

PMID- 3845254
TI  - [Relationship between posture and electromyographic activities of lower leg
      muscles].

PMID- 3845255
TI  - Evaluation of the North Carolina Risk Reduction Program for smoking and alcohol.
AB  - Seventh grade students in two school systems in rural North Carolina were
      subjects for a program designed to reduce health risks associated with use/abuse
      of tobacco and alcohol. One school system was located in the central area of the
      state, and the other in the western mountains. Both groups were assessed before
      and after introduction of novel teaching programs dealing with alcohol and
      tobacco. Knowledge about smoking and alcohol increased in both sites (p less than
      .05). Attitudes toward alcohol did not change. Attitudes toward smoking eroded in
      both sites, with attitudes at one site showing a severe erosion (p less than
      .05). Smoking education in these communities may have conflicted strongly with
      ambient attitudes toward smoking, eliciting a "boomerang" effect.

PMID- 3845256
TI  - High school students' perceptions and misperceptions of AIDS.
AB  - This study examines the knowledge, beliefs, and sources of information of junior
      and senior high school students concerning AIDS. The students were found to have
      a very limited knowledge of AIDS. Males were more knowledgeable about AIDS than
      were females, but the majority of students were not personally worried about
      contracting AIDS. The primary sources of AIDS information were TV, newspapers,
      magazines, and radio. Schools were one of the least often mentioned sources of
      information.

PMID- 3845257
TI  - A nutrition curriculum for families with high blood pressure.
AB  - A nutrition curriculum for 48 students age eight-18 years with high blood
      pressure was implemented in Franklinton, La., as part of A Dietary/Exercise
      Alteration Program Trial (ADAPT), a model promoting reduced sodium (Na+) and
      energy intake and increased potassium (K+) intake. A teacher guide listed basic
      concepts, teacher and student activities, materials, behavioral outcomes, and
      evaluation for 12 lessons at three age levels. Games were used to present new
      information and increase student involvement. Taste-tests promoted attitude
      change regarding acceptable snacks. Decision-making and assertiveness topics
      facilitated independent food choices and coping with peers. Self-monitoring of
      intakes encouraged personal responsibility for eating behavior. Results of paired
      t-tests showed knowledge increased 8.7% in the spring (p less than 0.01), 4.9% in
      the summer (N.S.), and 7.3% in the fall (p less than 0.0001). No significant
      differences in increase in posttest scores by age were found. Comparisons of
      curriculum compliance with medication use and blood pressure change showed no
      relationship. A multiple regression analysis of sodium-creatinine (Na+/Cr) ratios
      on class attendance and posttest scores showed that children with the highest
      test scores had lower Na+/Cr ratios. This program increased information and
      skills for those motivated to change lifestyle to control obesity and blood
      pressure.

PMID- 3845258
TI  - Emotions and obesity among Mexican-American children.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine what relationships, if any, existed
      between high levels of body fat and emotional motivations for eating among
      Mexican-American children. Subjects (N = 177) were drawn from children aged 10-14
      years who participated in the National Youth Sports Program in the Lower Rio
      Grande Valley region of Texas. Data were gathered through a self-report
      instrument dealing with emotional motivators involved in eating and through
      individual anthropometric measurements. Data analysis revealed that for the boys,
      a significant relationship existed between high percent body fat and the
      emotional motivation of stimulation. Handling and craving motivators were
      significantly related to high body fat for girls.

PMID- 3845259
TI  - Starting a peer counseling program in the high school.
AB  - Peer counseling has become more prevalent in high schools and junior high schools
      across the country. When reviewing the various programs, it was discovered that
      they fall into two general categories based on the program's purpose and group
      composition. The two basic models can be described as students trained to help
      troubled students in their school (open), and troubled students trained to help
      themselves (closed). The terms open and closed were chosen to distinguish the two
      models because these terms describe whether or not the group's focus and
      objectives are closed or open to students outside the group. The purpose of this
      article is to give a practical, working description of the open model as
      implemented in a large, suburban high school.

PMID- 3845260
TI  - Seat belts in school buses.

PMID- 3845261
TI  - School nursing in Great Britain.
AB  - According to a school nurse from Woking, Surrey, "school nurses in Great Britain
      are a group who are just developing and finding their own identity." In a country
      that offers short courses on the nursing of elderly people, care of the violent
      or potentially violent individual, principles of stoma care, and nursing for
      gastrointestinal endoscopy, courses in school nursing have been offered only for
      a short time period. School nurses in Great Britain work amid the latest
      technology and provide both modern and traditional screening services. As a group
      they probably have much in common with their counterparts in the United States.

PMID- 3845262
TI  - Cancer prevention in the schools.
AB  - About 145,000 people with cancer will die this year who might have been saved by
      earlier diagnosis and treatment. Many of these deaths could be prevented through
      smoking cessation programs, reduction of occupational health hazards, and school
      and community health education programs. To gain insight into the problem, a
      literature review was conducted to examine the major curricula and instructional
      materials developed during the past decade. Due to the magnitude of information
      available concerning the etiology and prevention of cancer, the review was
      limited to literature with specific relevance to children and adolescents. The
      review provides information concerning the background of cancer prevention;
      knowledge and attitudes of adolescents concerning cancer; cancer curricula,
      programs, and educational materials for adolescents; and a justification for
      cancer education in schools. Conclusions are drawn, and recommendations for
      action are offered.

PMID- 3845263
TI  - The resolution of health problems in school children.
AB  - The resolution rates of health problems identified in school children by primary
      care, physical examination, or screenings were examined during a two-year period.
      The evaluation component of the National School Health Program involved a range
      of school health services provided in four states to more than 13,000 children. A
      school nurse practitioner-health aide team worked in collaboration with a
      community physician consultant to manage the resolution of identified problems.
      More than 95% of the problems were resolved or in process of resolution at the
      end of each school year. Resolution patterns were relatively consistent across
      problem severity levels. Factors contributing to the timely resolutions of health
      problems by nurse practitioners included their ability to manage and resolve more
      than 90% of the problems within the school-based practice with physician backup
      and their access to a medical support network for external referrals.

PMID- 3845264
TI  - Sex chromosome variations in school-age children.
AB  - Current evidence suggests that some school-age children are born with a sex
      chromosome variation. Large chromosome surveys of newborns indicate that 0.5% to
      0.6% have chromosome errors, with sex chromosome variations accounting for 35% of
      them. The four most frequently occurring sex chromosome variations are Turner
      Syndrome (45,X), Klinefelter Syndrome (47,XXY), Polysomy X or Triple X (47,XXX),
      and Polysomy Y or XYY (47,XYY). Though many individuals with sex chromosome
      variations can live functionally normal lives, others may experience
      developmental, physical, psychological, behavioral, and learning impairments. New
      information has dispelled myths and biases previously associated with these
      disorders. By becoming knowledgeable about sex chromosome variations and their
      effects upon children, school health personnel can assist affected children,
      their families, and teachers.

PMID- 3845265
TI  - [An explanation of "Report on the improvement of nursing systems in Japan"].

PMID- 3845266
TI  - [Changes of nursing systems in Japanese hospitals].

PMID- 3845267
TI  - [Problems of the present state of nursing systems in Japanese hospitals].

PMID- 3845269
TI  - [Toranomon Hospital method of patient classification and staffing].

PMID- 3845268
TI  - [Comments on "Report on the improvement of nursing systems in Japan" from the
      perspective of nursing policy].

PMID- 3845270
TI  - [The psychosocial approach in geriatric nursing].

PMID- 3845271
TI  - [What is women's studies?].

PMID- 3845272
TI  - [Expectations of nurse management and methods of self-enlightenment].

PMID- 3845273
TI  - [Infusion control of pediatric patients through a case study of an accident (1)].

PMID- 3845274
TI  - [Nursing students' practice of outpatient nursing to learn the nurse's role in
      primary health care (1)].

PMID- 3845275
TI  - [Concept of nursing held by student nurses of public health].

PMID- 3845277
TI  - [The basis of nursing].

PMID- 3845276
TI  - [Meanings and objectives of teaching of fundamental nursing theory].

PMID- 3845278
TI  - [Teaching plan and study of basic nursing].

PMID- 3845279
TI  - [Instruction on the basis of nursing in combination with lectures and clinical
      training].

PMID- 3845280
TI  - [Experimental study on physical response by keeping the same position. Part I.
      Approach from the physical and mental state].

PMID- 3845281
TI  - [The ability of students to observe in clinical training of nursing].

PMID- 3845283
TI  - [Organizing nursing systems].

PMID- 3845282
TI  - [Sex differences in human psychology].

PMID- 3845284
TI  - [Infusion control of pediatric patients through a case study of an accident (2)].

PMID- 3845285
TI  - [Nursing students' practice of outpatient nursing to learn the nurse's role in
      primary health care (2)].

PMID- 3845286
TI  - [Progressive learning of nursing of diabetes mellitus patient].

PMID- 3845287
TI  - [Teaching-learning method by use of process record].

PMID- 3845288
TI  - [Patients without vocalizing function. Response to the psychological stress
      caused by loss of the voice].

PMID- 3845289
TI  - [Patients without vocalizing function. On assistance of alaryngeal patients from
      the postoperative period to the time of social rehabilitation].

PMID- 3845290
TI  - [Patients without vocalizing function. Process leading to the acquisition of a
      new voice].

PMID- 3845291
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with lung cancer. Physiopathology of lung
      cancer and life activities and prognosis of the patients].

PMID- 3845292
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with lung cancer. Diagnostic process].

PMID- 3845293
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with lung cancer. Keypoints in
      comprehending the overall clinical state of the patient].

PMID- 3845294
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with lung cancer. A nursing plan for a
      patient with lung cancer].

PMID- 3845295
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with lung cancer. Nursing of an aged
      patient with complicated lung cancer].

PMID- 3845296
TI  - [Clinical application of basic nursing. Mealtime assistance of patients with
      deglutition disorders].

PMID- 3845297
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with lung cancer. Discussion: validity in
      patients' capacity for comprehension].

PMID- 3845298
TI  - [Effective communication. Interactions with patients with difficulty in
      communication: an experience in nursing of a patient with scleroderma].

PMID- 3845299
TI  - [Effective methods of communication. Psychological support for adolescent girls-
      establishment of communication with the aid of note exchange].

PMID- 3845301
TI  - [Emergency nursing: the initial care and nursing at admission].

PMID- 3845300
TI  - [Conference: lessons in clinical training. Management of a terminal cancer
      patient with a complex personal background].

PMID- 3845302
TI  - [Test yourself. Nursing keypoints: nursing of a schizophrenic patient].

PMID- 3845303
TI  - [Case report. Pre-operative guidance of a 5-year-old child at the third hospital
      admission following repeated postponements of surgery--nursing of a child with a
      ventricular septal defect].

PMID- 3845304
TI  - [Patients without vocalization function. The process leading to the acceptance of
      laryngectomy: with special reference to the interactions at the class for
      laryngectomy patients].

PMID- 3845306
TI  - Organ transplantation.

PMID- 3845305
TI  - Practical issues in obtaining organs for transplantation.

PMID- 3845307
TI  - Anne Gilmore testifies on cost containment.

PMID- 3845308
TI  - The challenge of chronicity. A view from the other side.

PMID- 3845309
TI  - Age related variations of some polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions.
AB  - The age-related alterations of some biochemical processes in polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes (PMNL) obtained from 20 healthy aged male and 20 healthy aged female
      (age: 60-94 years) subjects were investigated. The basic level of luminol
      dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) was increased, whereas the basal value of
      reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH per GS-SG) was decreased in the aged groups.
      The enhancement of LDCL was more significant by PMNLs of aged males than of
      females. The change of both GSH and GS-SG levels during phagocytosis were
      diminished in the PMNLs of aged subjects. The L-alanine beta-naphthylamide
      specific elastase like protease (ELP) activity measured in living cell suspension
      was markedly increased with aging in male subjects. Therefore, it was concluded
      that the aging of PMNLs is partly a sex related process. The intensive release of
      both beta-glucuronidase (beta-G) and ELP by the PMNLs of aged subjects after in
      vitro treatment with calcium ionophore A23187, Cytochalasin B or low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) suggests that they could play an important role in some age
      related disorders.

PMID- 3845310
TI  - Formal and informal support systems for mothers with newborn.

PMID- 3845311
TI  - When your patients ask about skin problems in infancy.

PMID- 3845312
TI  - Monitoring diabetic control in the '80s.

PMID- 3845314
TI  - The challenge of asthma.

PMID- 3845315
TI  - Perceived quality of life: problems in the assessment of health and social
      functioning.

PMID- 3845313
TI  - When your patients ask about new operations and old habits.

PMID- 3845317
TI  - Effects of nursing models on the development of the midwifery curriculum.

PMID- 3845316
TI  - Responsibilities of midwives & medical staff. Findings from a national survey.

PMID- 3845318
TI  - "Women and the health service". Report of an ad-hoc Working Group of the Women's
      National Commission.

PMID- 3845319
TI  - Nursing economics 1985.

PMID- 3845320
TI  - Judith Ryan shares thoughts with Missouri nurses.

PMID- 3845321
TI  - Deficiency of the complement regulatory protein, "decay-accelerating factor," on
      membranes of granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets in paroxysmal nocturnal
      hemoglobinuria.
AB  - Erythrocytes from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria are deficient
      in decay-accelerating factor, a membrane protein that inhibits the complement C3
      convertases. We studied the expression of this protein on leukocytes and
      platelets from four patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, using
      cytofluorographic analysis and antibody to decay-accelerating factor. The
      granulocytes and monocytes had a bimodal distribution of fluorescence, indicating
      antigen-deficient and antigen-positive subpopulations of cells. In contrast,
      granulocytes and monocytes from normal donors and patients with other diseases
      had no antigen-deficient cells. Platelets from the four patients with paroxysmal
      nocturnal hemoglobinuria had less fluorescence than normal platelets.
      Furthermore, surface-radiolabeled granulocytes and platelets from one of the four
      patients, which were maximally deficient in decay-accelerating factor, also
      lacked antigen that was immunoprecipitable by specific antibody to this protein.
      Thus, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a clonal disorder characterized by
      deficient membrane expression of decay-accelerating factor on granulocytes,
      monocytes, and platelets, as well as on erythrocytes.

PMID- 3845322
TI  - Hydrogen bonding and biological specificity analysed by protein engineering.
AB  - The role of complementary hydrogen bonding as a determinant of biological
      specificity has been examined by protein engineering of the tyrosyl-tRNA
      synthetase. Deletion of a side chain between enzyme and substrate to leave an
      unpaired, uncharged hydrogen-bond donor or acceptor weakens binding energy by
      only 0.5-1.5 kcal mol-1. But the presence of an unpaired and charged donor or
      acceptor weakens binding by a further approximately 3 kcal mol-1.

PMID- 3845323
TI  - The federal budget process.

PMID- 3845324
TI  - Retirement benefits: can you live with them?

PMID- 3845325
TI  - Taking charge of change.

PMID- 3845326
TI  - Building innovative nursing departments: thriving in turbulent times.

PMID- 3845327
TI  - "Do you swear to tell the truth"?

PMID- 3845328
TI  - Use nursing medical knowledge for alternative careers.

PMID- 3845329
TI  - Borrower beware!

PMID- 3845330
TI  - First aid for meetings.

PMID- 3845331
TI  - Select a center to fit your needs.

PMID- 3845332
TI  - The lecture circuit: broadening professional prospective.

PMID- 3845333
TI  - Management screening in an assessment center.

PMID- 3845334
TI  - Energize with laughter.

PMID- 3845335
TI  - Rayner recommends limited subsidised meals range.

PMID- 3845336
TI  - Formby and Southport GM rethinks nursing imput. CNO stays, thanks to RCN.

PMID- 3845337
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. CNO is crucial.

PMID- 3845339
TI  - Reflections on 25 years experience of geriatric nursing.

PMID- 3845338
TI  - Mental handicap nursing beast is beginning to waken at national level.

PMID- 3845340
TI  - Draft code should cover all records.

PMID- 3845341
TI  - Minister urges RHAs to ensure that DHAs must enlist nurses' interest in UGM
      posts.

PMID- 3845343
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Effective lobby.

PMID- 3845342
TI  - Management in the community.

PMID- 3845344
TI  - General management in Scottish health service.

PMID- 3845345
TI  - Impetus and resources for nurse planners.

PMID- 3845346
TI  - As concern grows over Griffiths Council calls for unity at all levels.

PMID- 3845348
TI  - Serious effects of child abuse.

PMID- 3845347
TI  - College fears for new AIDS measures.

PMID- 3845349
TI  - Vital role of school nurses in assisting and treating the abused school child.

PMID- 3845350
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. A crucial link. Joint forces.

PMID- 3845351
TI  - Generation fighting for justice now.

PMID- 3845352
TI  - Standardised policy needed on health criteria for training.

PMID- 3845353
TI  - Draft proposals for new College structure.

PMID- 3845354
TI  - New research on mental handicap nursing reveals urgent need for increased in
      service training.

PMID- 3845355
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Future strategy.

PMID- 3845356
TI  - Evidence that we are losing control of cervical cancer in England and Wales.

PMID- 3845357
TI  - Getting registered and staying registered.

PMID- 3845358
TI  - 'Don't squeeze the nurses': College plea on pay.

PMID- 3845359
TI  - British nurses set to face new crisis.

PMID- 3845360
TI  - Research: Academic exercise or professional necessity?

PMID- 3845361
TI  - Mental handicap nursing education and service--are they on parallel tracks?

PMID- 3845362
TI  - Royal College of Nursing: in focus.

PMID- 3845364
TI  - Principal criterion of safety should apply equally to carers.

PMID- 3845363
TI  - Contracting out--spare us the dogma.

PMID- 3845366
TI  - Forging the links.

PMID- 3845367
TI  - Changes to mental health services.

PMID- 3845365
TI  - Committed to hospital and community care.

PMID- 3845369
TI  - Report of a two-day conference on 'Models of Nursing'. An all purpose model is
      not the answer.

PMID- 3845368
TI  - Opposition Leader addresses RRB. Kinnock's pay pledge to Congress.

PMID- 3845370
TI  - Society of OH Nursing's Joint Conference with Society of Occupational Medicine.
      Fitness to work.

PMID- 3845371
TI  - Royal College of Nursing: finer points--responsive.

PMID- 3845372
TI  - Are we serving the public to their expectation?

PMID- 3845373
TI  - Now have a scholarly and well-researched piece of work that shows the way ahead.

PMID- 3845374
TI  - NITA interviews: Charles C. Boone.

PMID- 3845375
TI  - NITA interviews: Sharon Coggin.

PMID- 3845376
TI  - NITA interviews: Randy Jones.

PMID- 3845377
TI  - Making the NITA standards work for you.

PMID- 3845378
TI  - History and organization of the Seattle-area Hickman Catheter Committee.

PMID- 3845379
TI  - Volumes of implantable vascular access devices and heparin flush requirements.

PMID- 3845381
TI  - The multi-lumen subclavian catheter. A new answer to an old problem.

PMID- 3845380
TI  - Prevalent Nosocomial pathogens. Part 1.

PMID- 3845382
TI  - Home antibiotic therapy: a less-than-ideal candidate.

PMID- 3845383
TI  - Management: tools of persuasion.

PMID- 3845384
TI  - Research in practice: the time has come.

PMID- 3845385
TI  - Where will the money go? Economic forecasting and nursing's future.

PMID- 3845386
TI  - Nurse internship program reduces turnover, raises commitment.

PMID- 3845387
TI  - Clinical career pathway: the Mount Sinai experience.

PMID- 3845388
TI  - Teaching the art of holistic nursing care.

PMID- 3845389
TI  - Self-care today--in search of an identity.

PMID- 3845390
TI  - Learning styles: basis for creative teaching and learning.

PMID- 3845392
TI  - Women's health: developing a course for open enrollment.

PMID- 3845391
TI  - Using classroom questions appropriately.

PMID- 3845393
TI  - Work-study elective courses.

PMID- 3845394
TI  - The PhD in nursing program: a five-year projection.

PMID- 3845395
TI  - Combination antibiotic for resistant bacterial strains.

PMID- 3845396
TI  - [Professional competence].

PMID- 3845397
TI  - [What do we know of postpartum depression?].

PMID- 3845398
TI  - [Chemotherapy. Point of view of the patient and application of nursing care].

PMID- 3845400
TI  - [Medications and pill-mania in patients].

PMID- 3845399
TI  - [Patient education ... one step to take].

PMID- 3845401
TI  - [Osteoporosis, a disease of the third age will now be easier to detect].

PMID- 3845402
TI  - [The demands of our profession ... a service to render and changing areas of
      activity].

PMID- 3845403
TI  - Marketing the emergency department.

PMID- 3845404
TI  - Law for the nurse manager. In vitro fertilization.

PMID- 3845405
TI  - Selling a positive image builds demand.

PMID- 3845406
TI  - Patient and health education: lessons from the marketplace.

PMID- 3845407
TI  - Job satisfaction: the assertiveness factor.

PMID- 3845408
TI  - "Brightly burning" nurses revisited.

PMID- 3845409
TI  - Auditing the hospital nursing market.

PMID- 3845410
TI  - Nursing images: the TV news picture.

PMID- 3845412
TI  - Art & science of management. Storm clouds on the horizon.

PMID- 3845411
TI  - Whole-brain management: Part II.

PMID- 3845413
TI  - Packaging the professional for success.

PMID- 3845414
TI  - Effects of chemicals on health--3. Toxicological testing.

PMID- 3845415
TI  - Asbestos--a scapegoat?

PMID- 3845416
TI  - Interdisciplinary cooperation in OH.

PMID- 3845417
TI  - Keynote for the future.

PMID- 3845418
TI  - Effects of chemicals on health--4. Atmospheric monitoring methods.

PMID- 3845419
TI  - Legal scope of practice for the occupational health nurse practitioner.

PMID- 3845420
TI  - Large changes in blood pressure discovered in an industrial screening program.

PMID- 3845421
TI  - Female career development.

PMID- 3845422
TI  - The occupational health nurse consultant in Alberta, Canada.

PMID- 3845423
TI  - Recognizing early senility.

PMID- 3845424
TI  - Graduate education in occupational health nursing.

PMID- 3845425
TI  - Health of the school aged child.

PMID- 3845426
TI  - Application of MCH standards.

PMID- 3845427
TI  - [Project Moosham in nursing schools--a program for drug abuse prevention].

PMID- 3845428
TI  - [Pediatric nursing today].

PMID- 3845429
TI  - [Austrian nursing personnel in Saudi Arabia].

PMID- 3845430
TI  - [Hazards for young adults on the job--exemplified by student nurses].

PMID- 3845431
TI  - [Holistic care--realized in clinical education].

PMID- 3845433
TI  - [How one can adapt to stress].

PMID- 3845432
TI  - [Consolation for cancer patients].

PMID- 3845434
TI  - [The hospital from the patient's viewpoint. Various aspects of the status of
      hospital patients from the sociopsychological viewpoint].

PMID- 3845435
TI  - [How can the individual assist the United Nations in the promotion of human
      rights? 1].

PMID- 3845436
TI  - [The cry from the culture tube].

PMID- 3845437
TI  - [How one can adapt to stress].

PMID- 3845439
TI  - Double bind: a dilemma for parents of chronically ill children.

PMID- 3845438
TI  - Assessing the child with short stature.

PMID- 3845441
TI  - PKU: a mother's perspective.

PMID- 3845440
TI  - Improving adherence to pediatric therapeutic regimens.

PMID- 3845442
TI  - Identifying gifted preschoolers.

PMID- 3845443
TI  - Caring for hospitalized inner-city children.

PMID- 3845444
TI  - Various salt forms: what are the differences?

PMID- 3845445
TI  - Pediatric management problem (colic).

PMID- 3845447
TI  - Legislative update. Nurse-midwifery.

PMID- 3845446
TI  - Practical approaches to clinical research.

PMID- 3845448
TI  - Sleep problems of older infants and preschool children.

PMID- 3845450
TI  - Stress during childhood: long-lasting effects?

PMID- 3845451
TI  - How to prepare an abstract.

PMID- 3845449
TI  - Psychosocial care of the child cured of cancer.

PMID- 3845452
TI  - Professional labeling: the authors respond.

PMID- 3845453
TI  - Nurses and doctors as healers.

PMID- 3845454
TI  - Feminism and nursing.
AB  - Feminism provides a personal, philosophic and political means for analyzing the
      realities of women's lives as lived in patriarchal systems. It is not a single
      line of thought; multiple approaches have been developed that provide diverse
      avenues for confronting systematic injustices while learning to value ourselves
      as women. Jo Ann Ashley, recognizing that new realities must emerge from within
      nursing rather than from other groups, states: "For many years we have heard that
      nursing is at the crossroads. Nursing never seems to get over being at a
      crossroads. Indeed, nursing has been at a crossroads many times, but instead of
      taking a new road, leaders in the profession always choose to continue bearing
      the burden of continuing to live out the subservient role under the patriarchal
      system, rather than taking a new road that can lead beyond patriarchy. Nursing is
      no longer at a crossroads. It is at a turning point. It needs to turn away from
      being the "token torturer" of itself and other women. It needs to turn toward the
      health awaiting women in a woman-defined, woman-created world that lies beyond
      patriarchal ideas and institutions." Movement in this direction requires becoming
      familiar with feminist literature and the insights that women scholars have
      provided. In nursing, a feminist perspective requires an uncompromising
      questioning of the forces that divide us from one another, the ethics of our
      actions, and our co-optation into the unhealthy environment of the current health
      care system.

PMID- 3845455
TI  - Science and politics. The background and the issues surrounding the controversial
      proposal for a National Institute of Nursing.

PMID- 3845456
TI  - Faculty practice: something for everyone.

PMID- 3845457
TI  - Sabbaticals: not for teachers only!

PMID- 3845458
TI  - Why nursing education needs curriculum specialists.

PMID- 3845459
TI  - Putting the process into practice.

PMID- 3845460
TI  - Incontinence in the elderly. Part six.

PMID- 3845461
TI  - We'll just freshen you up, dear ... .

PMID- 3845462
TI  - A lifetime of questioning.

PMID- 3845463
TI  - Book tax. Goodbye to all VAT?

PMID- 3845464
TI  - Communication. Turning in to patients' needs.

PMID- 3845465
TI  - Skills behind the scenes.

PMID- 3845466
TI  - Accidents in hospital. Learning from past mishaps.

PMID- 3845468
TI  - How not to do research.

PMID- 3845467
TI  - Accidents in hospital. 'Why did it happen in my ward'?

PMID- 3845470
TI  - Education. Learner's choice.

PMID- 3845469
TI  - Models and theories. Seven. Henderson's model.

PMID- 3845471
TI  - Computer watch on accidents.

PMID- 3845472
TI  - Happiness is an old blanket.

PMID- 3845473
TI  - Don't waste the process.

PMID- 3845474
TI  - A baby with Hirschsprung's disease.

PMID- 3845475
TI  - Hospital to home. Divide and rule?

PMID- 3845477
TI  - Savings on a plate?

PMID- 3845476
TI  - Backchat. Human knowledge v. human life.

PMID- 3845478
TI  - Screening: whose job is it, anyway?

PMID- 3845479
TI  - General manager: rare breed. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3845480
TI  - Healthy debate.

PMID- 3845482
TI  - Care about food.

PMID- 3845481
TI  - When the team doesn't work.

PMID- 3845483
TI  - Care about food. A guide to quiet revolution.

PMID- 3845484
TI  - Care about food. What you thought about food.

PMID- 3845485
TI  - Care about food. The state of the nation.

PMID- 3845486
TI  - Is hospital food foul?

PMID- 3845487
TI  - Systems of Life no 123. Setting up the systems-23. Congenital malformations of
      the heart.

PMID- 3845488
TI  - Budgeting for beginners. Money matters.

PMID- 3845489
TI  - Recording children at risk.

PMID- 3845491
TI  - More than a lick of paint.

PMID- 3845490
TI  - Life without teddy.

PMID- 3845492
TI  - Dishonouring the code.

PMID- 3845493
TI  - Special payments. Are nurses paid too much?

PMID- 3845495
TI  - Small is beautiful.

PMID- 3845494
TI  - Old people's homes. Who's in charge?

PMID- 3845496
TI  - Care about food. Pick a plateful.

PMID- 3845497
TI  - Care about food. Campaign for real food.

PMID- 3845498
TI  - Care about food. Healthy choices.

PMID- 3845499
TI  - Mental health nursing. Aggression: can we manage.

PMID- 3845500
TI  - Mental health nursing. Safe and secure.

PMID- 3845501
TI  - Mental health nursing. New horizons.

PMID- 3845502
TI  - Mental health nursing. Taking liberties by law?

PMID- 3845503
TI  - Policy-makers under scrutiny. Interview by Charlotte Kratz.

PMID- 3845504
TI  - Education. Guiding light for tomorrow's nurses.

PMID- 3845505
TI  - Limited list. Beyond the limits?

PMID- 3845506
TI  - Commons sense. For once, a united front.

PMID- 3845507
TI  - Child health. Card carriers.

PMID- 3845509
TI  - Left-sided empyema.

PMID- 3845508
TI  - Child health. Timmy goes to hospital.

PMID- 3845510
TI  - Care about food. Differing needs.

PMID- 3845511
TI  - This sweet sickness.

PMID- 3845512
TI  - Management. A useful pair of hands?

PMID- 3845513
TI  - Clinical. Listening to mother.

PMID- 3845514
TI  - Computers in nursing news.

PMID- 3845516
TI  - Computers in nursing. Spreading the word.

PMID- 3845515
TI  - Computers in nursing. From generation to generation.

PMID- 3845518
TI  - A bitter pill.

PMID- 3845517
TI  - Computers in nursing. Mastering a computer.

PMID- 3845519
TI  - Nurse practitioners. Out in the cold.

PMID- 3845520
TI  - Gillick. Taking precautions.

PMID- 3845522
TI  - Fraud--sickness or crime?

PMID- 3845521
TI  - Backbenchers breeding discontent.

PMID- 3845523
TI  - From hospital to home. The information exchange.

PMID- 3845524
TI  - From hospital to home. 'The yellow one is my water pill'.

PMID- 3845525
TI  - From hospital to home. A communication breakdown.

PMID- 3845526
TI  - Moving wards--how do student nurses cope?

PMID- 3845528
TI  - Theatre nursing. Work-share in the theatre.

PMID- 3845527
TI  - Theatre nursing. The road to recovery--nursing after neurosurgery.

PMID- 3845529
TI  - Prejudice in the NHS. Discriminate? Not us!

PMID- 3845530
TI  - Cause for complaint. Eight. Suicide--who's to blame?

PMID- 3845531
TI  - Congenital toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 3845532
TI  - Drinkers respond to the CAT.

PMID- 3845533
TI  - Backchat. Preparing for battle.

PMID- 3845535
TI  - New pathways in nursing education.

PMID- 3845534
TI  - Expanding role of nurses and nursing education.

PMID- 3845536
TI  - Objectives and activities of SNA.

PMID- 3845537
TI  - Needs of students, patients and community.

PMID- 3845538
TI  - Avoiding gossip on the bus.

PMID- 3845539
TI  - Hyperactive children. 1. In perpetual motion.

PMID- 3845540
TI  - Community issues. 5. Into the poverty trap.

PMID- 3845541
TI  - Making contact.

PMID- 3845542
TI  - Management: confronting conflict.

PMID- 3845544
TI  - Bowing to progress.

PMID- 3845543
TI  - Be prepared!

PMID- 3845545
TI  - Education. Are you trying to tell me something?

PMID- 3845546
TI  - Intensive care nursing. 2. Epidural anaesthesia.

PMID- 3845548
TI  - Deciphering the code of conduct.

PMID- 3845547
TI  - Caring at all levels.

PMID- 3845549
TI  - The public face of cancer.

PMID- 3845550
TI  - Down you way. A tale of two cities.

PMID- 3845551
TI  - Infection control--lip service is not enough.

PMID- 3845552
TI  - Midwifery. Changing the system.

PMID- 3845553
TI  - Nutrition. 5. Feeding for therapy.

PMID- 3845555
TI  - Management. Incidents and accidents.

PMID- 3845554
TI  - Hyperactive children. 2. Food--the unknown enemy.

PMID- 3845556
TI  - Intensive care nursing. 3. The Scandinavian approach.

PMID- 3845557
TI  - New hot drinks therapy?

PMID- 3845558
TI  - Community care is not a cheap option.

PMID- 3845559
TI  - Taking off the pressure.

PMID- 3845560
TI  - A shared role.

PMID- 3845561
TI  - Innovations in A & E.

PMID- 3845562
TI  - Measuring recovery.

PMID- 3845563
TI  - Griffiths column. Changing roles and hybrid jobs.

PMID- 3845565
TI  - Lonely in a world full of people.

PMID- 3845564
TI  - Research. Parent participation.

PMID- 3845566
TI  - Education. Choosing a system.

PMID- 3845567
TI  - I want to go home.

PMID- 3845568
TI  - Intensive care nursing. 5. ICU views.

PMID- 3845569
TI  - Midwifery. Lessons from Colombia.

PMID- 3845571
TI  - Playing the waiting game.

PMID- 3845570
TI  - Challenge of the future.

PMID- 3845572
TI  - Nursing Mirror mental handicap.

PMID- 3845573
TI  - Citizen advocacy.

PMID- 3845574
TI  - A network for life.

PMID- 3845575
TI  - Changed but not diminished.

PMID- 3845577
TI  - Intensive care nursing. 6. Intravenous therapy.

PMID- 3845576
TI  - Barring accidents.

PMID- 3845578
TI  - Teaching versus patient care.

PMID- 3845579
TI  - Group therapy.

PMID- 3845580
TI  - Private thoughts on the NHS.

PMID- 3845581
TI  - Sexist encounters of the work kind.

PMID- 3845583
TI  - The nurse practitioner. 1. Setting the scene.

PMID- 3845582
TI  - Mole investigates NHS hygiene.

PMID- 3845584
TI  - Down your way. Over hill, over dale.

PMID- 3845585
TI  - Midwifery. Vulnerability of a new mother.

PMID- 3845586
TI  - Renal nursing: at the end stage.

PMID- 3845587
TI  - Renal nursing. Vascular access techniques.

PMID- 3845588
TI  - The Nursing Mirror project grants: progressing well.

PMID- 3845589
TI  - Community respiratory health workers.

PMID- 3845590
TI  - Questionnaire. Stress survey.

PMID- 3845591
TI  - Management. A cut above. Interview by Cate Campbell.

PMID- 3845592
TI  - Education. Dreams and reality.

PMID- 3845593
TI  - In defence of general managers.

PMID- 3845594
TI  - The why and how of volunteerism.

PMID- 3845595
TI  - What do nurses do?

PMID- 3845596
TI  - Factors affecting the sexuality of patients with head and neck cancer.

PMID- 3845597
TI  - Building the knowledge base for practice, Part II: alopecia, breast self-exam and
      other human responses.

PMID- 3845598
TI  - A report from the First National Invitational Conference: the oncology clinical
      nurse specialist role analysis and future projections.

PMID- 3845600
TI  - The oncology clinical nurse specialist: an expert coach.

PMID- 3845601
TI  - Oncology clinical nurse specialist education.

PMID- 3845599
TI  - Practice issues for the oncology clinical nurse specialist.

PMID- 3845602
TI  - Administrative support issues and the oncology clinical nurse specialist.

PMID- 3845603
TI  - The predicted effect of recent health care trends on the role of the oncology
      clinical nursing specialist.

PMID- 3845604
TI  - Clinical nurse specialist role evaluation.

PMID- 3845606
TI  - Preventing extravasation during administration of antineoplastic drugs.

PMID- 3845605
TI  - Birth control considerations during chemotherapy.

PMID- 3845608
TI  - Selecting an instrument to measure spiritual distress.

PMID- 3845607
TI  - Combining Ativan and Decadron for CMF patients.

PMID- 3845609
TI  - 1984 ONS Research Committee survey of membership's research interests and
      involvement.

PMID- 3845610
TI  - Differences in community health nursing and home health nursing.

PMID- 3845611
TI  - Licensed practical nurses. Entry into nursing practice.

PMID- 3845613
TI  - "Missing" progress notes: nurses' "whiteouts" x-rayed.

PMID- 3845612
TI  - Entry to practice review.

PMID- 3845614
TI  - "Dreadful nursing care": $3 million damages awarded. Case in point: Herman v.
      Milwaukee Children's Hosp. (361 N.W. 2d 297 - WI).

PMID- 3845615
TI  - $7.5 million award: failure to monitor patient. Case in point: Hippocrates
      Mertsaris v. 73rd Corp. (482 N.Y.S. 2d 792 - NY).

PMID- 3845616
TI  - Rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

PMID- 3845617
TI  - The impact of certification on specialty practice.

PMID- 3845618
TI  - Certification in rehabilitation nursing.

PMID- 3845619
TI  - Rehabilitation assessment--a nursing perspective.

PMID- 3845621
TI  - [The ureters. (I). Anatomic observations].

PMID- 3845622
TI  - [Defibrillation].

PMID- 3845620
TI  - A nursing role in an outpatient clinic group.

PMID- 3845623
TI  - [Unfolding of an operation for a mandibular fracture. Role of the operating room
      nurse].

PMID- 3845624
TI  - [A case report of mandibular fracture].

PMID- 3845625
TI  - [The nurse faced with cleansing wound using pulsated lactic acid].

PMID- 3845626
TI  - [Operating room nurse supervisor and construction of operating rooms. Utopia or
      reality?].

PMID- 3845627
TI  - [Examination of the patient with maxillofacial trauma].

PMID- 3845628
TI  - [Clinical forms of mandibular fractures].

PMID- 3845629
TI  - [Testimony of a hospitalized "bio-psycho-social being" or "to be fooled"].

PMID- 3845630
TI  - [Treatment of mandibular fractures].

PMID- 3845631
TI  - [Pain and personality].

PMID- 3845633
TI  - [Cancer of the pancreas].

PMID- 3845632
TI  - [Abdominal emergencies in infants].

PMID- 3845634
TI  - [Continuing professional education].

PMID- 3845635
TI  - [The treatment of sterility due to anovulation].

PMID- 3845637
TI  - [What should one think of traditional medicine?. Interview by T. Berche and C.
      Lepetit].

PMID- 3845636
TI  - [Intermittent peritoneal dialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis].

PMID- 3845638
TI  - [Irrigation, a leakproof technic].

PMID- 3845639
TI  - [When the larks get involved].

PMID- 3845640
TI  - [Kahler's disease].

PMID- 3845641
TI  - [Information systems to learn more about the work of caregivers].

PMID- 3845642
TI  - [On the borders of Thailand].

PMID- 3845643
TI  - [Help! The thermometer].

PMID- 3845644
TI  - [Help! Geriatric education].

PMID- 3845645
TI  - [Feet on the ground and head in the clouds].

PMID- 3845646
TI  - [Death is also life].

PMID- 3845647
TI  - [Postoperative monitoring of various surgical interventions for kidney
      lithiasis].

PMID- 3845648
TI  - [Extraction of urinary calculi].

PMID- 3845649
TI  - [The professional responsibility of the nurse].

PMID- 3845650
TI  - [Parkinson disease].

PMID- 3845651
TI  - [Tumors of the small intestine].

PMID- 3845652
TI  - [Mucoviscidosis].

PMID- 3845653
TI  - [Elodie... and life].

PMID- 3845654
TI  - [Current status of hemorrhoids treatment].

PMID- 3845657
TI  - [You said (GUSD) General University Studies Diploma?].

PMID- 3845656
TI  - [A dictionary of nursing care terminology, a true necessity...why?].

PMID- 3845655
TI  - [Renal puncture biopsy by the percutaneous approach (RPB)].

PMID- 3845658
TI  - [Tomorrow's contraception].

PMID- 3845659
TI  - [Arterial hypertension of the elderly patient].

PMID- 3845660
TI  - [Hemorrhagic rectocolitis].

PMID- 3845661
TI  - [An operating room block, USA style].

PMID- 3845663
TI  - [Allergic asthma].

PMID- 3845662
TI  - [Help! In the year 2010].

PMID- 3845664
TI  - [Progressive home care].

PMID- 3845665
TI  - [Cancer of the larynx].

PMID- 3845666
TI  - [Medicines: antineoplastic chemotherapy].

PMID- 3845667
TI  - [Treatment of hemophilia].

PMID- 3845668
TI  - [Hemophilia, landmarks for the caregiver].

PMID- 3845669
TI  - ["Both my sons are hemophiliacs"].

PMID- 3845670
TI  - [Saccoradiculography].

PMID- 3845672
TI  - [Computers and operating room nursing: a perspective].

PMID- 3845671
TI  - [Recognizing an intestinal occlusion].

PMID- 3845673
TI  - [An operating room schedule: a utilization plan].

PMID- 3845674
TI  - [Scheduling for and utilization of the operating room].

PMID- 3845675
TI  - [Laser, a ray for life].

PMID- 3845676
TI  - [Drugs: abuse and effects].

PMID- 3845677
TI  - [Drug therapy in overdose and withdrawal syndrome in heroin addicts].

PMID- 3845678
TI  - [Malignant lymphomas].

PMID- 3845679
TI  - [Diet in digestive system diseases (I)].

PMID- 3845680
TI  - [Expert Group of Nursing in primary health care].

PMID- 3845681
TI  - [Conceptual model of nursing].

PMID- 3845682
TI  - [Sex education for health: general observations].

PMID- 3845683
TI  - [Prevalence of caries in a school community].

PMID- 3845684
TI  - [Exposure to noise in industry and methods of control].

PMID- 3845685
TI  - [Cardiac insufficiency].

PMID- 3845686
TI  - Did he say it was OK to use his first name?

PMID- 3845687
TI  - Plug in to your own career network.

PMID- 3845688
TI  - Fringe benefits. More than just icing on the cake.

PMID- 3845689
TI  - What the comatose patient can tell you.

PMID- 3845691
TI  - Emergency! Dealing with drug abusers.

PMID- 3845690
TI  - How to get into hard-to-stick veins.

PMID- 3845692
TI  - "We're the world's highest-paid babysitters".

PMID- 3845693
TI  - After the ostomy: helping the patient reclaim his sexuality.

PMID- 3845694
TI  - Problem ingredients in OTCs.

PMID- 3845695
TI  - Go on record with nothing but the truth.

PMID- 3845696
TI  - Making a low-cholesterol diet easy to swallow.

PMID- 3845698
TI  - Battered women: how nurses can help the victims.

PMID- 3845697
TI  - Family violence: a perspective for health care professionals.

PMID- 3845699
TI  - Grange inquiry: suspicion leaves its scars.

PMID- 3845700
TI  - Take an M.D. to coffee.

PMID- 3845701
TI  - Nurses' research roles.

PMID- 3845703
TI  - New Ontario premier voices nursing concerns.

PMID- 3845702
TI  - Wellness weekend. One of the many faces of nursing. A special project by a nurse
      practitioner.

PMID- 3845704
TI  - Developing standards of care for SCI nursing.

PMID- 3845705
TI  - A nurse is on the witness stand.

PMID- 3845706
TI  - [Nursing care: care of bedsores].

PMID- 3845707
TI  - [Iodosorb].

PMID- 3845708
TI  - [Adoptive parents].

PMID- 3845709
TI  - [New families].

PMID- 3845710
TI  - [Parents "at risk"].

PMID- 3845711
TI  - [Maternal guilt].

PMID- 3845712
TI  - [Do healthy parents exist?].

PMID- 3845713
TI  - [Fathers. Quarrel between the old and the new or perpetuity of the quarrel].

PMID- 3845714
TI  - [Parents faced with day care centers].

PMID- 3845715
TI  - [Parents faced with hospitals].

PMID- 3845716
TI  - [The nursing profession today and tomorrow].

PMID- 3845717
TI  - [Departmentalization].

PMID- 3845718
TI  - [Status of nurses in the government administration].

PMID- 3845719
TI  - [Exercising the nursing profession].

PMID- 3845720
TI  - [Parents faced with school problems in healthy or sick children].

PMID- 3845722
TI  - [How to evaluate diseases of the mitral valve].

PMID- 3845721
TI  - [Risordan].

PMID- 3845723
TI  - [Mitral stenosis. Clinical and paraclinical aspects].

PMID- 3845724
TI  - [Mitral insufficiency. Clinical and paraclinical aspects].

PMID- 3845725
TI  - [The normal mitral apparatus].

PMID- 3845726
TI  - [Prognosis and evolution of mitral cardiopathies].

PMID- 3845727
TI  - [Anatomopathology, etiology and physiopathology of diseases of the mitral valve].

PMID- 3845728
TI  - [Duphaston].

PMID- 3845729
TI  - [The status of children in the world in 1984. A revolution to the advantage of
      children].

PMID- 3845730
TI  - [Upper genital infections].

PMID- 3845731
TI  - [Treatment and prevention of acute upper genital infections].

PMID- 3845732
TI  - [Celioscopy and upper genital infections].

PMID- 3845733
TI  - [Complications of upper genital infections].

PMID- 3845734
TI  - [Chronic upper genital infections].

PMID- 3845735
TI  - [A case report of upper genital infection].

PMID- 3845736
TI  - [Mechanisms of infections in gynecology].

PMID- 3845737
TI  - [Infant dietetics. Psychological aspects].

PMID- 3845738
TI  - [Bacteriology of genital infections and specimen collection].

PMID- 3845739
TI  - [Lower genital infections: vulvovaginitis].

PMID- 3845741
TI  - Entry level: Texas following a different drummer?

PMID- 3845740
TI  - TNA Blue Ribbon Committee on Education Report: environmental assessment on health
      care. Part III.

PMID- 3845742
TI  - Reactions of an ADN educator. Entry into practice.

PMID- 3845743
TI  - Do warmed skin cleansers affect patient heat loss?

PMID- 3845744
TI  - Assessing patients in the holding area.

PMID- 3845745
TI  - OR managers must counsel effectively.

PMID- 3845746
TI  - Aseptic surgery in a bubble prevents postop infections.

PMID- 3845748
TI  - "No-fault" malpractice--will it happen?

PMID- 3845747
TI  - A balancing act for the Contravis Microscope.

PMID- 3845749
TI  - A different vantage point.

PMID- 3845750
TI  - Hope for cancer patients: thoracotomy and partial pneumonectomy.

PMID- 3845751
TI  - Theatre nurses. 2. The way forward.

PMID- 3845752
TI  - The Irish Nurses Organisation & National Council of Nurses of Ireland. Address by
      President: building on reality in 1984.

PMID- 3845753
TI  - H.O.P.E. in Alberta.

PMID- 3845754
TI  - Registered nursing assistants administering medications.

PMID- 3845755
TI  - Research rounds. Interview by June Kikuchi and Eve Henderson.

PMID- 3845756
TI  - As you graduate ... on caring.

PMID- 3845757
TI  - Nursing at Henwood Rehabilitation Center.

PMID- 3845759
TI  - Information regarding financial assistance available to nurses for post basic
      education.

PMID- 3845758
TI  - Effects of the expanded head nurse manager role at Foothills Hospital.

PMID- 3845760
TI  - Nurse practitioner/physician team model development at the Boyle McCauley Health
      Centre. An attempt at problem solving.

PMID- 3845761
TI  - Focus on nursing resources in the health sciences library.

PMID- 3845762
TI  - Instructions and guide for patients with wired jaw.

PMID- 3845763
TI  - Defective complement activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are at an increased risk for
      infections with bacteria which require complement for osponization. We explored
      the possibility that patients with CLL have a defect in binding the potent
      opsonin C3b to bacteria. Bacteria selected for these experiments included
      Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3, which binds C3 by activating the classical
      complement pathway (CCP), type 25, which can bind normal amounts of C3b by the
      alternative complement pathway (ACP), type 14, which can activate both the CCP
      and ACP, and Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, both of which activate
      the CCP. Bacteria were treated with normal serum or serum from 15 patients with
      CLL, and the bound C3b was quantified spectrophotofluorometrically. Despite
      normal serum concentrations of C3, C4, Factor B, C-reactive protein, and total
      hemolytic complement activity, all 15 CLL sera bound reduced amounts of C3b to at
      least one bacterial species; 9 to S pneumoniae type 3, 8 to types 14 and 25, 11
      to S aureus, and 13 to E coli. Mixing normal serum with CLL serum restored C3b
      binding to all bacteria, suggesting a deficiency rather than an inhibitor of
      activity. Serum from ten hypogammaglobulinemic CLL patients bound less C3b (62.7
      +/- 5% of normal) (means +/- SEM) than those with normal immunoglobulin levels
      (81.9 +/- 5%) (p less than .005). Nevertheless, the addition of specific
      antibacterial antibodies to CLL serum did not enhance C3b binding to any of the
      bacteria. Serum from patients with a history of a bacterial infection bound less
      C3b (62.3 +/- 5%) than those without a history of infections (76.1 +/- 6%) (p
      less than .05). Thus, there is a defect in either the activation or activity of
      C3 in CLL serum which may contribute to the increased incidence of infections in
      these patients.

PMID- 3845764
TI  - Preferring our own providers.

PMID- 3845765
TI  - How do you handle heat loss?

PMID- 3845766
TI  - Vietnam nurse veterans.

PMID- 3845767
TI  - Reporting elder abuse: it's the law.

PMID- 3845768
TI  - Champions of choice.

PMID- 3845769
TI  - Getting through the maze of infant formulas.

PMID- 3845770
TI  - When the baby isn't 'perfect'.

PMID- 3845771
TI  - The impact of chronic grief.

PMID- 3845772
TI  - Short form for short stay.

PMID- 3845773
TI  - Does your job work for you?

PMID- 3845774
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis and the pregnant woman.

PMID- 3845775
TI  - Wound care forum. An unusual alternative.

PMID- 3845776
TI  - Setting standards for home IV therapy.

PMID- 3845777
TI  - New York City: a nurse metropolis.

PMID- 3845778
TI  - Diagnostics: Actual, potential, or possible?

PMID- 3845779
TI  - Students who made a difference.

PMID- 3845780
TI  - Not by any other name.

PMID- 3845782
TI  - Human rights guidelines for nurses in clinical and other research.

PMID- 3845781
TI  - Standards of nursing practice in correctional facilities.

PMID- 3845783
TI  - The nature and scope of ANA's economic and general welfare program.

PMID- 3845784
TI  - The grievance procedure.

PMID- 3845785
TI  - Alcohol, drug abuse among RNs discussed at national conference.

PMID- 3845786
TI  - Senate Committee approves spending freeze.

PMID- 3845788
TI  - 'Tell public about organ donations,' says Council.

PMID- 3845787
TI  - 300 attend second symposium on faculty practice.

PMID- 3845789
TI  - ANA Board prepares for historic meeting of delegates.

PMID- 3845790
TI  - As I see it... SHMOs offer prepaid care and services to elderly.

PMID- 3845791
TI  - Quality prenatal care is campaign goal.

PMID- 3845792
TI  - In vitro activity of Sch 34343 against enterococci and other gram-positive
      bacteria.
AB  - The in vitro activity of Sch 34343, a new penem antibiotic, was compared with
      those of imipenem, vancomycin, and eight other antibiotics against gram-positive
      bacteria. Ninety percent of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and
      penicillin-susceptible streptococcal isolates were inhibited by Sch 34343 at
      concentrations of less than or equal to 0.125 micrograms/ml. Listeria
      monocytogenes isolates were susceptible to the penem at concentrations of less
      than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml. Penicillin-resistant pneumococci and
      viridans streptococci were relatively resistant to Sch 34343 (MIC for 90% of the
      isolates, 4 micrograms/ml), as were methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus
      (MIC for 90% of the isolates, greater than or equal to 256 micrograms/ml). All 48
      strains of Streptococcus faecalis were inhibited by concentrations of less than
      or equal to 8 micrograms of the drug per ml. Combinations of Sch 34343 with
      gentamicin demonstrated bactericidal synergism against 5 of 10 enterococcal
      strains tested in broth media and against 6 of 10 strains tested in 50% pooled
      human serum. The serum protein binding of Sch 34343 was ca. 65%. The
      antibacterial activity of Sch 34343 remained stable after 24 h of incubation at
      37 degrees C in water or Dextrose-Phosphate broth. However, 63% of bioassayable
      activity was lost after 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees C in 50% human serum
      buffered with HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid) (pH
      7.4).

PMID- 3845793
TI  - Antimicrobial therapy of experimental meningitis caused by Streptococcus
      pneumoniae strains with different susceptibilities to penicillin.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and bacteriological efficacies of penicillin G, ceftriaxone,
      vancomycin, and imipenem were determined in rabbits with experimental meningitis
      caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with different penicillin
      susceptibilities. Drug dosages were adjusted to attain peak concentrations in
      serum that were similar to those observed in infants and children. In animals
      infected with a penicillin-susceptible (MBC, 0.008 micrograms/ml) pneumococcus,
      penicillin G and ceftriaxone reduced the number of organisms in cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) by greater than or equal to 4.14 log10 CFU/ml after single doses and
      after 9-h continuous infusions. A single large dose (50 mg/kg) of penicillin G
      was comparatively ineffective (-2.15 log10 CFU/ml) against a relatively
      penicillin-resistant (MBC, 0.5 micrograms/ml) strain, whereas ceftriaxone therapy
      resulted in a 3.66- and 4.77-log10 CFU/ml reduction after single doses and 9-h
      continuous infusions, respectively. In animals in which meningitis was caused by
      a penicillin-resistant (MBC, 8.0 micrograms/ml) pneumococcus, a single dose of
      penicillin (50 or 150 mg/kg) or of ceftriaxone failed to lower the number of
      organisms in CSF. Vancomycin and imipenem reduced the counts in CSF by at least
      2.19 and 4.10 log10 CFU/ml after single doses and 9-h infusions, respectively. In
      all experiments, a bactericidal titer of greater than or equal to 1:8 in CSF was
      necessary to achieve a maximal bacteriological effect.

PMID- 3845794
TI  - Nurses belong at the table of the ethics committee.

PMID- 3845795
TI  - AORN credentialing vs NCB certification: who to call for what.

PMID- 3845796
TI  - A physician's perspective on allaying patients' fears.

PMID- 3845797
TI  - Preparing the OR budget. The nurse manager's responsibility.

PMID- 3845798
TI  - An OR patient acuity system. Variable billing for surgical services.

PMID- 3845799
TI  - Efficient OR scheduling. A study to decrease cancellations.
AB  - We plan to use a computer to compile and analyze the data we collect. This will
      make it possible for us to see ongoing trends of decreased cancellations,
      increased use of the OR, and problem areas that need correction. Our goal of
      maximizing the delivery of quality surgical care in a cost-effective manner has
      been aided by our study. By maintaining a high-use ratio of the facilities and
      staff and reducing costly cancellations, we are able to maximize funds
      appropriated to us. The VMAC is funded by the federal government; thus, the need
      for cost effectiveness is important. The quality of care has been enhanced by
      reducing physical discomfort of our patients who may have had to endure more than
      one preoperative preparation and psychological implications of repeated
      cancellations to the patient and his or her family.

PMID- 3845800
TI  - OR cost survey. Results of a nationwide study.

PMID- 3845801
TI  - The clinical nurse specialist. The role in the OR.

PMID- 3845803
TI  - Infractions in aseptic technique. A research study.

PMID- 3845802
TI  - Anesthetic gas exposure. Protecting the OR environment.
AB  - A trace gas study was conducted at The University of Michigan Hospitals to assess
      levels of anesthetic gas in the OR environment. Samples were collected at various
      sites associated with anesthesia equipment in 18 operating rooms and three
      treatment rooms where general anesthesia was used routinely. Waste anesthetic gas
      levels were found to vary widely and, depending upon anesthesiologists' work
      practices and equipment design, significant personnel exposures were documented.
      Although standard turbulent air flow, nonrecirculating systems are used in most
      ORs, areas of high gas concentration were identified. Such locations included the
      area between the gas machine and adjacent wall, and along the perimeter of the
      patient drapes. Gas concentrations were influenced by such variables as the
      distance from the anesthesia equipment to the exhaust grilles, and personnel
      movement. Anesthetizing techniques and work practices are the major contributors
      to waste anesthesia levels in the OR environment.

PMID- 3845804
TI  - Recommended practices. Cleaning and processing anesthesia equipment. AORN
      Recommended Practices Subcommittee.

PMID- 3845805
TI  - Recommended practices. Electrosurgery. AORN Recommended Practices Subcommittee.

PMID- 3845806
TI  - Documenting nursing during local procedures.

PMID- 3845807
TI  - Assessing the quality of nursing care in a dialysis unit.

PMID- 3845808
TI  - End stage renal disease patient teaching record.

PMID- 3845809
TI  - The application of Orem's conceptual framework to enhance self-care in a dialysis
      program.

PMID- 3845811
TI  - Role of the nephrology nurse: past, present, and future.

PMID- 3845810
TI  - European Dialysis and Transplant Nurses Association.

PMID- 3845812
TI  - Professional advancement: theory development through practice and research.

PMID- 3845813
TI  - Critical evaluation of nephrology nursing research.

PMID- 3845814
TI  - Nephrology nursing consult: case study. Mr. B.: a man with end stage renal
      disease.

PMID- 3845815
TI  - Looking ahead at nursing.

PMID- 3845816
TI  - A study of dose-response relationships for asbestos associated disease.
AB  - The risk of an asbestos worker developing small irregular opacities on the chest
      radiograph is related to cumulative exposure to asbestos dust, latency, and
      smoking habit. In this study the use of residence-time weighted exposure as a
      "dose metric" was explored in a cohort of asbestos cement workers. It was found
      that this parameter, which incorporates both exposure concentration and latency,
      is useful for modelling the risk of small opacities and might also be useful for
      modelling the risk of mesothelioma.

PMID- 3845817
TI  - [Single-chain, low molecular weight kininogen in the blood plasma of rabbits:
      isolation and fragmentation by porcine pancreatic kallikrein].
AB  - A highly purified preparation of low molecular weight kininogen (LMrK) was
      isolated from the plasminogen-free rabbit blood plasma, using chromatography on
      DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 34 and Sephadex G-100 as
      well as gradient chromatography on a hydroxylapatite column. The yield of the 320
      fold purified LMrK was 16%. Trypsin released 13-14 micrograms-eq. of bradykinin
      (BK) from 1 mg of LMrK or 0.85-0,95 mol of BK per mol of kininogen. Rabbit LMrK
      consists of one polypeptide chain of Mr 69 000 and pI 4.63. Porcine pancreatic
      kallikrein splits off kinin from the LMrK polypeptide chain by disrupting two
      peptide bonds resulting in the formation of S-S-bound two chain molecule. After
      reduction of the S-S bonds by dithioerithritol the latter is separated into a
      heavy (Mr 61 000) and light (Mr 6 800) chains. A biologically active peptide was
      isolated from the products of CNBr cleavage of LMrK. This peptide consists of Lys
      BK elongated from the C-terminal with several amino acid residues. Rabbit LMrK
      closely resembles human LMrK in terms of Mr, pI and location of the kinin
      fragment in the protein molecule.

PMID- 3845818
TI  - Phagocytic activity in mouse embryonic liver and spleen following hemolysis.
AB  - Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) was injected into pregnant mice and the number of
      phagocytizing cells was counted in the embryonic livers and spleens at 11th to
      14th gestational days. A marked increase in the number of phagocytizing cells was
      observed in the embryonic spleen, whereas in the embryonic liver it was only
      slightly enhanced. This observation indicates that the response to hemolytic
      events is similar in embryonic and adult mammals.

PMID- 3845819
TI  - Proliferation kinetics of bone marrow cells in congenital dyserythropoietic
      anemia type II.
AB  - The proliferation kinetics of erythropoiesis and of myelopoiesis have been
      studied in a case of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (HEMPAS) by
      means of quantitative 14-C autoradiography, Feulgen cytophotometry and 59-Fe
      ferrokinetics. Increased total erythropoietic activity and ineffective
      erythropoiesis was demonstrated by ferrokinetics. Quantitative 14-C
      autoradiography showed a generally delayed proliferation rate of erythroid cells,
      most evident in the polychromatic compartment. A deficiency of cell production of
      25% was detected among the polychromatic erythroblasts. Part of this fraction is
      represented by cells still capable of passing to the successive stages of
      maturation. We conclude that only part of the deficiency of cell production in
      the polychromatic compartment represents real cell destruction. Most of the
      measured ineffectiveness is confined to later stages of maturation, such as
      orthochromatic erythroblasts and marrow reticulocytes.

PMID- 3845820
TI  - Are aggregates of IgG the effective part of high-dose immunoglobulin therapy in
      adult idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?

PMID- 3845821
TI  - Computer comfortable.

PMID- 3845822
TI  - Computer pioneering--the past is prologue.

PMID- 3845823
TI  - A decade of decisions. Four perspectives of computerization in nursing practice.

PMID- 3845824
TI  - Decision: humanism.

PMID- 3845825
TI  - Decision: professionalism.

PMID- 3845826
TI  - Decision: education.

PMID- 3845828
TI  - An expert system for nursing practice. Clinical decision support.

PMID- 3845827
TI  - Decision: evaluation.

PMID- 3845829
TI  - Computer technology and nursing. A futuristic view.

PMID- 3845830
TI  - Vanadium exposure enhances lipid peroxidation in the kidney of rats and mice.
AB  - Vanadium (V) as sodium orthovanadate induces an increase in lipid peroxidation in
      the kidneys after a single subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection to rats or
      mice. The rate of malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, an index of lipid
      peroxidation, by kidney homogenates increased by more than 100% 1 h after
      injection. Chronic exposure of rats to vanadium sulfate, initially through
      maternal milk and later in the drinking water, resulted after 10 weeks in a
      significant increase in MDA formation by kidney but not by other tissues. In both
      acute and chronic studies in rats and mice, no significant increase in lipid
      peroxidation by V treatment was detected in brain, heart, lung, spleen, or liver.
      In mice, administration of ascorbate prior to acute exposure to V diminished both
      toxicity, i.e., respiratory depression and limb paralysis, and the formation of
      MDA in kidney.

PMID- 3845831
TI  - A travel diary through Germany.

PMID- 3845832
TI  - Vienna--psychiatry in a 'cultured' city.

PMID- 3845834
TI  - People to People tour--an experience of a lifetime!

PMID- 3845833
TI  - Sweden's Karolinski Institute.

PMID- 3845835
TI  - Impressions of Soviet mental health care delivery.

PMID- 3845836
TI  - Your and the law. Liability for a fall.

PMID- 3845837
TI  - Baccalaureate for entry to practice: a challenge that universities must meet.

PMID- 3845838
TI  - Winds of change: a university responds to the needs of nurses in the community.

PMID- 3845839
TI  - RN to BN: building on education and experience.

PMID- 3845840
TI  - Coming back: BC's graduate nurse refresher program.

PMID- 3845841
TI  - The family nursing unit: clinical preparation at the master's level.

PMID- 3845842
TI  - Taking the campus to the student.

PMID- 3845844
TI  - The development of a post-basic certificate program--for credits!

PMID- 3845843
TI  - What are the needs of the mature RN student?

PMID- 3845845
TI  - The flip side of the fitness coin.

PMID- 3845846
TI  - Recognizing the symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia.

PMID- 3845847
TI  - Environmental hypersensitivity: living in a hostile world.

PMID- 3845848
TI  - Inhibition of growth and spontaneous metastasis of syngeneic transplantable
      tumors by an aromatic retinoic acid analogue. 1. Relationship between tumour
      immunogenicity and responsiveness.
AB  - Aromatic retinoic acid analogues selected for their favourable therapeutic ratios
      were tested for their effects on the growth (in vivo and in vitro) and
      spontaneous metastasis of a variety of murine sarcomas and carcinomas. Ro 10-1670
      (a trimethylmethoxyphenyl analogue of retinoic acid) was used in in vitro
      studies, while its corresponding ethyl ester Ro 10-9359 was used for oral
      administration. Four of six fibrosarcomas, one of three squamous cell carcinomas,
      and one of five mammary adenocarcinomas responded to retinoid treatment in vivo
      by reduced growth rates (first detectable after 8-10 days), and in some cases by
      complete regression. The magnitude of the response was directly proportional to
      tumour immunogenicity, and eight tumours which failed to respond to retinoids did
      not evoke detectable transplantation immunity in syngeneic recipients. Retinoid
      administration did not significantly inhibit the development of spontaneous
      metastasis of non-immunogenic tumours, but decreased the incidence of secondary
      disease in the case of tumours of moderate immunogenicity. In vitro, retinoid
      treatments were generally without significant effects on tumour cell growth rate
      or morphology, and where growth inhibition was obtained it did not correlate with
      in vivo tumour responsiveness. No evidence of increased differentiation of
      retinoid-treated tumours was obtained either in vitro or in vivo. Taken together,
      the data suggest that in the 14 transplantable syngeneic tumours studied the
      inhibitory effects of retinoids on tumour growth and metastasis in vivo were
      mediated indirectly by potentiation of cell-mediated immunity directed against
      antigenic determinants on the tumour cell surface.

PMID- 3845851
TI  - Chemical dependency: nursing faculty and students are not immune.

PMID- 3845849
TI  - Development of hyporesponsiveness of natural killer cells to augmentation of
      activity after multiple treatments with biological response modifiers.
AB  - Four biological response modifiers (BRMs), MVE-2 (maleic anhydride divinyl
      ether), Corynebacterium parvum (C. Parvum), PolyICLC (polyinosinic:polycytidylic
      acid stabilized with poly-L-lysine), and mouse alpha beta-interferon (alpha beta
      IFN), were tested to assess whether repeated treatments would repeatedly induce
      or sustain augmented levels of natural killer (NK) cell activity and/or
      macrophage (M0)-mediated inhibition of tumor cell growth. In contrast to a
      significant increase in splenic NK activity obtained with a single treatment with
      each of the agents, multiple treatments with these BRMs led to a progressive
      decrease in the degree of augmentation of NK activity. In contrast, multiple
      injections with these agents resulted in sustained augmentation of M0-mediated
      reactivity. Separation of the spleen cells by Percoll discontinuous density
      gradient centrifugation indicated that with mice treated once with each BRM high
      levels of NK activity were detected in the lower density fractions and that these
      fractions contained a higher percentage of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) than
      that found in comparable fractions from normal mice. In contrast, cells in the
      lower density fractions from mice that received multiple treatments had decreased
      NK activity and an appreciably lower proportion of LGLs. These results indicate
      that the development of hyporesponsiveness to augmentation of splenic NK-cell
      activity following multiple treatments with BRMs may be attributable to a
      decreased percentage of LGLs, the effector cell population responsible for NK
      cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

PMID- 3845852
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal female pelvis.
AB  - 9 healthy volunteers were examined by magnetic resonance imaging in order to
      describe the anatomy of the normal female genital tract as seen by this
      technique. The visualization of the bony and pelvic skeleton and the muscles
      surrounding these structures is excellent. Due to high contrast resolution
      relatively small structures like the femoral blood vessels can be positively
      identified. Imaging of the small bowel is disappointing. Visualization of the
      rectum and sigmoid colon is relatively good. In the uterine wall three distinct
      layers can be identified. An interpretation of the origin of these layers based
      on comparison with macroscopic and microscopic examination of sections of uterine
      tissue is given. Further research is needed to demonstrate possible cyclic
      changes in the appearance of the uterus. The ovaries could not be identified with
      certainty.

PMID- 3845850
TI  - Antitumor effect induced by a hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris (CE):
      resistance to Meth-A tumor growth mediated by CE-induced polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes.
AB  - When a hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris (CE) was injected into the
      peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice inoculated with syngeneic Meth-A tumor cells,
      the survival times were strikingly prolonged. Furthermore, peritoneal exudate
      cells (PEC) rich in polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) obtained from normal mice 24 h
      after CE injection exhibited an antitumor effect in a Winn-type assay using
      normal recipients. Such an activity of PEC remained almost intact after T cell or
      macrophage depletion. However, such PEC did not express an antitumor effect in a
      Winn-type assay using irradiated recipients. It was suggested that CE-induced
      PEC, presumably PMN, expressed an antitumor effect in cooperation with a host- or
      recipient-derived element(s) sensitive to irradiation. The antitumor mechanism of
      CE may be different from that of OK-432, one of the biological response
      modifiers.

PMID- 3845853
TI  - Roentgendensitometric study of the phalanx.
AB  - This is an outline of a radiologic assessment of bone mineral measurements for
      diagnosis that is simple and low in cost. Bone mineral content equivalent values
      (BMCE) were determined of phalanges. Since phalanges have different dimensions
      the BMCE values per square millimeter surface area, bone mean mineral equivalent
      values (BMME) were determined. In normal subjects it was shown that over a period
      of 9 months a coefficient of variation for BMCE and BMME was found of 8 and 9%,
      respectively, indicating a change during the investigation period (precision of
      the technique has a CV for BMCE of 4% and for BMME of 3%). The clinical
      application of microdensitometry and of the single photon absorption method was
      tested and compared. Both methods resulted in similar findings, microdensitometry
      however also provides a qualitative assessment of bone characteristics.

PMID- 3845854
TI  - A radiographic method for measurement of leg length inequality.
AB  - An accurate and simple radiographic method for the measurement of weight-bearing
      leg length inequality with a minimum of radiated body area is described. The
      measurement can be made in a conventional chest X-ray unit without other extra
      equipment than a gonad shield described here.

PMID- 3845855
TI  - Fibromuscular dysplasia as a cause of acute infantile hemiplegia.
AB  - A case of acute infantile hemiplegia, probably in co-occurrence with intracranial
      fibromuscular dysplasia, is reported. A review of the literature is given and
      some remarks are made concerning the management of this disease.

PMID- 3845856
TI  - Transient gas-filled appendix developing during excretory urography.
AB  - Gas-filled appendix is well recognized in association with appendicitis, and in
      acute abdominal conditions associated with bowel distension. 3 patients who
      developed gas-filled appendix in the course of excretory urography are reported.
      The phenomenom is thought to result from the reported property of ionic contrast
      materials to produce anticholinesterase activity and histamine release, either or
      both of which could produce increased bowel tone and consequent displacement of
      cecal gas into the appendix.

PMID- 3845857
TI  - Critical health problems in school-aged youth--Part II.

PMID- 3845859
TI  - "The living will: a discussion with the lawmaker".

PMID- 3845860
TI  - Mastectomy. Contour confidence.

PMID- 3845858
TI  - Lifeline: how can someone who is alone and unable to call for help, call for
      help?

PMID- 3845861
TI  - Piles.

PMID- 3845862
TI  - Child growth. Catching them early.

PMID- 3845863
TI  - Child growth. Measuring up.

PMID- 3845864
TI  - Child growth. Marc's story.

PMID- 3845865
TI  - Nutrition for the elderly. Healthy appetites.

PMID- 3845866
TI  - Matters for concern. Health education is our business.

PMID- 3845867
TI  - Pediatric care plan for adult ICU nurses.

PMID- 3845868
TI  - The electrocardiographic diagnosis of posterior myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3845869
TI  - Caring for a patient with a chest tube connected to the Emerson pump.

PMID- 3845870
TI  - Hypothermia: implications for the critical care nurse.

PMID- 3845871
TI  - Continuous measurement of SVO2. Clinical applications and advantages for critical
      care nursing.

PMID- 3845872
TI  - Quality assurance in critical care.

PMID- 3845873
TI  - Your mystery arrhythmia strips.

PMID- 3845874
TI  - Concepts relevant for critical care nursing: the knowledge-practice connection.

PMID- 3845875
TI  - Nutritional assessment and management of the hospitalized patient.

PMID- 3845876
TI  - Ethical considerations in critical care nursing.

PMID- 3845877
TI  - Inocor (amrinone lactate).

PMID- 3845878
TI  - Nursing care plan for the child with status asthmaticus.

PMID- 3845879
TI  - The value of preventive medicine.

PMID- 3845880
TI  - Multiple risk factor intervention in coronary heart disease.
AB  - Intervention studies have shown that the primary prevention of coronary heart
      disease (CHD), or at least its postponement, is possible in a large proportion of
      individuals. In the Diet-Antismoking Trial of the Oslo Study, it was concluded
      that in healthy middle-aged men at high risk of CHD (serum cholesterol, 7.5-9.8
      mmol/l, and 80% were smokers), the incidence of myocardial infarction and sudden
      coronary death was reduced by 47% in the intervention group compared to the
      controls. This study did not have the power to single out the separate effect of
      cessation of smoking on the incidence of CHD. A significant positive effect of
      antihypertensive treatment on cerebrovascular events has been shown in many
      studies, but unfortunately no significant preventive effect on the first event of
      CHD has been demonstrated. In the Oslo Study a significant positive correlation
      was found between total serum cholesterol concentration and blood pressure. It is
      suggested that both risk factors might be treatable or preventable to some extent
      by the same measures. In health education, both the population mass strategy for
      prevention and the high risk strategy for individual intervention are important.
      The frequent coexistence of two or more risk factors should be kept in mind. For
      CHD prevention, non-pharmacological intervention seems at the moment to be the
      safest and very often probably the most effective approach.

PMID- 3845881
TI  - Control of tobacco-related disease.
AB  - As ways of discouraging tobacco consumption, the effects of increases in price
      and in quantitative information may have been under-emphasized. To decrease the
      hazards of tobacco, switches from cigarettes to pipes, cigars or 'smokeless'
      tobacco may be useful, as may a reduction in cigarette tar delivery. Indeed, the
      spread of existing tar level reductions from capitalist to socialist countries
      might prevent tens of thousands of lung cancer deaths each year in the early
      decades of the next century, and (perhaps by attempts to engineer cigarettes so
      that smokers of lower tar cigarettes are less likely to 'compensate' by taking
      more smoke) it should eventually also be possible to change cigarettes so as also
      to reduce their effects on heart and lung disease. Changes in consumption and in
      composition of tobacco products are complementary, not competing, strategies. If
      both are pursued effectively, then although the life expectancy of old people may
      not be much improved, the proportion of adults who die before reaching old age
      will decrease substantially.

PMID- 3845882
TI  - The value of physical fitness in preventive medicine.
AB  - Physical conditioning induces many favourable changes in the body, including an
      increase of maximum oxygen transport, a decrease of body fat, a strengthening of
      muscles, tendons and bones, an improvement of blood lipid profile, and a better
      balance between oxygen demand and supply in the myocardium. The preventive value
      of such changes is often seen in measures of perceived health or their practical
      consequences. Industrial fitness programmes apparently reduce the use of medical
      services (physician visits and hospital days), with gains of productivity, a
      lessening of absenteeism, and a lower employee turnover. Techniques such as the
      Canadian Health Hazard Appraisal questionnaire suggest a general reduction in
      'risk-taking' behaviour among exercise-class participants, with a substantial
      reduction in their 'appraised' age. There is little evidence that regular
      moderate exercise can alter the response to acute disease, but both theoretical
      considerations and epidemiological data suggest the value of physical activity in
      preventing manifestations of ischaemic heart disease, obesity and maturity onset
      diabetes, cholecystitis, hypertension, certain neuroses, and age-related
      pathologies. A fit individual is also at a lesser risk of industrial injury, and
      is capable of living independently for a longer fraction of his or her old age.
      It is concluded that physical activity is one of the more useful tactics of
      preventive medicine; the current challenge to both research workers and policy
      makers is to carry this message beyond the white-collar executive to such target
      groups as blue-collar workers, ethnic minorities, housewives, the elderly and the
      handicapped.

PMID- 3845883
TI  - Will disease prevention spare the medical commons?
AB  - Everywhere the disparity grows between what modern medicine can achieve, on the
      one hand, and what society can afford, on the other. In industrialized nations
      health resource allocation questions now focus primarily on diagnostic,
      therapeutic and rehabilitative medical programmes. With increases both in our
      capabilities in preventive medicine and in public awareness of those
      capabilities, soon that realm is likely to be demanding more resources from the
      health budget. These considerations and others make urgent the development of
      better methods for setting priorities for the allocation of health resources. A
      common thread in the consideration of competing programmes will be issues of
      trade-offs. Beneficial programmes that save more health resources than they
      consume are much to be desired, but resource saving should not be regarded as a
      necessary condition for giving high priority to a programme. Cost-effectiveness
      ratios provide one approach to measuring the ability of competing programmes to
      use health-care resources to produce health benefits. Application of cost
      effectiveness principles suggests that prevention programmes merit a greater
      share of resources, even though such programmes generally consume more health
      resources than they save. For the process of priority-setting to be equitable and
      rational, more and better data will be required on programmatic costs and
      benefits. Furthermore, the process should be flexible, allowing priorities to
      differ from one geographic area to another, and from time to time within the same
      area. Finally, the process must be understood by a majority of the population,
      and perceived as fair.

PMID- 3845884
TI  - Preventive medicine: the objectives.
AB  - The objectives of preventive medicine are to prolong life and to reduce
      disability. Improvements in the standard of living and in medical treatment and
      specific measures to reduce the incidence of disease have greatly reduced
      mortality over the last century. The distribution of deaths by age has altered
      dramatically and, at current rates, the great majority of deaths will occur at 80
      85 years of age. Improvement has continued to the present and is still not
      slackening. It seems unlikely that many deaths can be postponed much beyond 100
      years, but a realistic objective would be to raise the median age of death to
      about 90 years. This would require a substantial reduction in mortality from
      three groups of diseases that are now the main cause of life lost under 85 years
      of age: neoplasms, ischaemic heart disease, and other vascular disease. Watch
      will also need to be kept on diseases that threaten to become more common, so
      that we can abort new epidemics. Whether a reduction in age-specific mortality
      rates will also bring a reduction in the prevalence of disability at each age is
      unclear. Some believe that it will, so that if we concentrate on reducing age
      specific mortality, everyone will eventually survive to such an age that failure
      of homeostasis will bring about a sudden collapse. Others suspect that postponing
      death will lead to a greater prevalence of pre-terminal disability, due to the
      prevalence of diseases that are largely independent of or even inversely related
      to mortality. The objectives of preventive medicine are realizable only in so far
      as they are perceived to be desirable by society. The perception of what is
      desirable depends not only on objective quantification, but also on a variety of
      subjective assessments. Preventive medicine must, therefore, allow for the
      factors that produce these assessments and educate the public to give them
      appropriate weight.

PMID- 3845885
TI  - A monitoring system for patient classification in critical care.

PMID- 3845886
TI  - Cultural grief expressions following infant death.

PMID- 3845887
TI  - Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on coagulation.

PMID- 3845888
TI  - Obesity complications in critical care.

PMID- 3845889
TI  - Purification of glandular kallikrein in maxillary mucosa from humans suffering
      from chronic inflammation.
AB  - Glandular kallikrein was purified from human maxillary mucosa with chronic
      inflammation and its biochemical properties were characterized. The purification
      procedure consisted of extraction with 3 mol/l KCl, saturation of ammonium
      sulfate (66%), DEAE-Sepharose, arginine-Sepharose and Sephadex G-150
      chromatographies. Maxillary mucosa with chronic inflammation contains
      considerable activity of glandular kallikrein, which is a serine protease with
      limited proteolytic activity and its biochemical properties resemble those of
      pancreatic kallikrein.

PMID- 3845890
TI  - A new class of inhibitors of human leucocyte elastase.
AB  - Studies of the inhibition of elastases at a molecular level have resulted in the
      identification of protected dipeptides which are reversible and highly specific
      inhibitors of human leucocyte elastase (HLE). These have been further developed
      by increasing their hydrophilicity and potency to give a new family of elastase
      inhibitors, typically N alpha-(1-adamantanesulphonyl)-N epsilon-(4
      carboxybenzoyl)-L-lysyl-L-alanyl-L-valinal. These compounds are active in
      pharmacological models designed to detect compounds of potential therapeutic
      value in the treatment of emphysema.

PMID- 3845891
TI  - [Pregnancy and nutrition].
AB  - Based on the active role of the placenta fetal nutrient supply is to a large
      degree independent on the nutrition of the mother. The fetus must be considered
      as a parasite within the maternal organism and only with extreme reduction in
      nutritional intake by the mother will an effect on fetal growth become apparent.
      Mild chronic forms of inadequate food intake may lead to depletion of maternal
      reserves, in particular of minerals and vitamins, and as a consequence of the
      extra demands during pregnancy supply of maternal tissues may be short. Special
      high risk groups for inadequate nutrition during pregnancy are defined and
      intense counseling of these mothers must be part of prenatal care. An increased
      intake of food with high nutritional value, i.e. a high content in minerals and
      vitamins relative to the caloric content, should be the basis of good nutrition
      in pregnancy. This will satisfy extra demands of these substances without
      increasing caloric intake.

PMID- 3845893
TI  - [Fetal monitoring sub partu in West Germany. I. Basic data].
AB  - An inquiry was circulated among all Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in
      West Germany and West-Berlin with regard to their procedure to effect foetal
      intensive-care management and monitoring, obstetrical management, and the results
      obtained. 58% of these Departments responded. With an average number of 55 beds,
      the annual birth rate is 628. A mean of 191 births are covered by one CTG unit,
      the scatter being 110-290 births per year and per unit (10th and 90th
      percentile). The mean incidence of Caesarean section is 11%, the mean incidence
      of forceps delivery 3.6%, and the mean incidence of extraction by suction 8.0%.
      An estimated 95% of all births are monitored via cardiotocography. 25% of all
      Departments use other monitoring methods as well, microanalysis of blood gas
      after Saling being by far the most prominent one (94%). Transcutaneous foetal pO2
      measurement has been adopted by 8 centres only. 74% of the Departments are using
      CTG units recording beat-to-beat with a chart speed of 1 cm per minute (82.2%).
      Few (18%) Departments employ intrauterine pressure measurement for recording
      labour pains. Telemetry is used by 27.7% of the Departments. In most cases
      (72.9%) the cardiotocograms are jointly assessed by the physician and the
      midwife. From the obstetrician's point of view it would be desirable to achieve
      greater technical perfection of external monitoring methods, as well as further
      miniaturisation and computerisation of the CTG equipment.

PMID- 3845892
TI  - [Travel, sports and pregnancy].
AB  - This article is an attempt to review and to discuss critically the pros and cons
      of physical stress to which a pregnant woman is subjected by sports activities or
      by travel. The review is based on theoretical considerations as communicated in
      the article as well as on facts derived from casual observations or systematic
      studies. Besides the subjective feeling of well-being of the pregnant woman
      associated with sports activities, objective data favour the preservation or
      enhancement of fitness by training during pregnancy; other factors in favour of
      physical load, and the capacity to sustain such load, are the positive reports on
      the course of pregnancy, on birth, and on the influence exercised on the child by
      the sports activities of the pregnant mother, the often-quoted experiences
      collected during sports activities of competitive sportswomen who are pregnant,
      and the behaviour of pregnant animals. Risks consist in an increased danger of
      traumatization of mother and foetus resulting from certain types of sports
      requiring maintenance of balance or sudden changes of movement. Hyperthermia
      should be avoided, for example, excessively long-lasting sauna baths, or physical
      activity associated with high stress, such as marathon running, because
      thermoregulation is hampered during pregnancy in such a way that blood flow of
      the uterus is affected; besides, there is also the risk of teratogenic effects
      during the early stages of pregnancy. Excess physical stress leading to
      exhaustion of the pregnant woman (in animal experiments, in circulatory collapse)
      definitely exercises an adverse effect on the foetus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3845895
TI  - [Significance of pregnancy and labor complications for the genesis of brain
      function disorders. Results of an epidemiologic study of 8-year-old children].
AB  - An epidemiological and a clinical study were conducted to examine the importance
      of pregnancy and delivery complications in the genesis of cerebral dysfunction,
      the studies comprising a total of 495 children of 8 years of age. In the case
      definition of cerebral dysfunction, methodic improvements were used that had been
      demanded by those who had been critical of the clinical procedure. The results
      showed that clinical dysfunction is a risk factor for diseases in child
      psychiatry. There were no signs pointing to uniform psychopathological patterns
      (on the lines of a hyperkinetic syndrome) in children with cerebral dysfunction.
      There was no enhanced incidence of other diseases in the anamnesis of children
      with cerebral dysfunction. On the whole, the concept of cerebral dysfunction
      cannot be upheld at least to the extent presumed so far. A comparison between
      field study random samples and clinical study random samples showed that the
      classical postulates of the concept apply at most to a negligible minority only.

PMID- 3845894
TI  - [Individual birth. Results of a longitudinal study].
AB  - This paper goes into the question as to how greatly mother and father desire an
      individualised kind of delivery, how this wish is realised, and how it is valued
      many years later. The basic demand was a safe delivery-safe for both mother and
      child. For the purpose of analysis and study, 170 women were asked to register
      their opinion before being admitted to the labour ward, on the following points:
      for example, presence of the partner, free mobility during the first stage of
      labour, avoidance of analgesics, positioning the baby on the mother's belly, use
      of the obstetric chair, rooming-in, breast feeding, etc. Changes in the mother's
      behaviour during birth, as well as the interaction between mother, child and
      partner were observed. During the puerperium the delivery was critically assessed
      by the mother, and her ideas regarding delivery at a future time were recorded.
      It is possible to show that under the conditions of a safe, monitored birth
      (uncorrected perinatal mortality 1980-1983 0.71%) the individual wishes of the
      patients can be met. All mothers whose partners had been present during delivery,
      assessed this fact positively. Likewise, 100% of the mothers whose baby had been
      positioned on their belly after birth, considered this to be pleasant. 77% of
      them actively caressed the newborn in this position. 68% of the mothers talked to
      the child within the first 15 minutes. 86% kept the newborn for more than an hour
      in their bed. Of the fathers present during delivery, 55% caressed the newborn,
      and 50% talked to it within the first 15 minutes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3845896
TI  - [Cesarean section with subsequent hysterectomy].
AB  - We had 65 Caesarean hysterectomies from 1960-1982 at our hospital. 43 patients
      were elected for various reasons: contraception 26, fibromatosis 13,
      intraepithelial neoplasia 4. 22 had vital indications: rupture of the uterus 12,
      placenta increta/percreta 5, abruptio placentae 3, atony 2. The time we needed
      for the operation was up to 100 minutes in the elective group, 160 minutes in the
      non-elective group. In vital indications, postoperative morbidity was higher than
      when treatment was elective. In the group of vital indication, 4 patients died,
      whereas no patient died if operation was performed on an elective basis.

PMID- 3845897
TI  - [Psychological considerations in the wish for refertilization].
AB  - 51 women asking for refertilization were evaluated by means of a half
      standardized questionnaire before laparoscopy. Special attention was directed
      towards the psychological situation at the time of sterilisation as well as the
      reasons for refertilization desired. In addition the Giessen-test was performed
      as standardized psychological personality inventory. In general, the
      sterilization was initiated by the women because of social, financial or marital
      difficulties. In 2/3 of the females sterilization was performed in association
      with other gynecological or obstetrical procedures. Most of the women did not
      have any kind of adequate psychological or social counseling. The desire for
      refertilization was mainly caused by changes in the personal situation. 29 of 51
      women reported to have a new partner, 27 of them after divorce or separation, two
      after the previous partner's death. Ten women reported the loss of a child,
      however, 12 women desired refertilization without any obvious change in their
      private situation. In conclusion, it appeared that refertilization was desired
      and experienced as a real need as well as a result of a conflict in the women's
      self-understanding expressed by a tendency towards depression.

PMID- 3845898
TI  - [Puerperal complications in HbSC disease--a rare hemoglobinopathy].
AB  - This is a report on a case of complications post partum seen in a patient with
      sickle cell disease (HbS-C-disease) from Ghana. The main signs and symptoms,
      clinical parameters, and therapeutic management are described. The pathogenesis
      of sickle cell disease and the agents causing haemolytic crises, are also
      described, with particular reference to pregnancy and parturition.

PMID- 3845899
TI  - [Tubal pregnancy after a previous tubal ligation and hysterectomy].
AB  - This is a case report on extra-uterine pregnancy occurring several years after
      hysterectomy. The special aspect of this particular case is that years before
      hysterectomy the patient had been subjected to sterilization surgery with partial
      tubal resection. Such cases can be expected more often in future in view of
      today's liberal indications for hysterectomy and also for tubal sterilization.

PMID- 3845900
TI  - [Cardiotocography with or without fetal blood analysis].
AB  - It is the aim of obstetric medicine to achieve optimum safety for both mother and
      child with a minimum of surgery. In normal clinical routine, this demand cannot
      be fully met by the sole use of cardiotocography for monitoring the foetus sub
      partu. Obviously the weak point of cardiotocographical diagnosis is that often
      there is no imminent or beginning hypoxia or acidosis of the foetus associated
      with suspicious or pathological heartbeat patterns. This results in a large
      number of unnecessary deliveries by Caesarian section, or complicated vaginal
      surgery. We must draw the conclusion from this that cardiotocography is merely a
      selective method. It is imperative to apply additionally a biochemical method for
      properly diagnosing foetal hypoxia or acidosis. The author also comments on
      accusations made by K. Hammacher in a preceding publication.

PMID- 3845901
TI  - Alzheimer's disease. Functional assessment of the patient.

PMID- 3845902
TI  - Alzheimer's disease. How memory fails: a theoretical model.

PMID- 3845903
TI  - Alzheimer's disease. Milieu therapy.

PMID- 3845904
TI  - Alzheimer's disease. Studying the family.

PMID- 3845905
TI  - Alzheimer's disease. Modifying the environment.

PMID- 3845906
TI  - Keeping food safe to eat.

PMID- 3845907
TI  - 70+ and going strong. Call me before 10 AM or after midnight.

PMID- 3845908
TI  - Choriocarcinoma presenting as acute abdomen.

PMID- 3845909
TI  - Congenital solitary nonparasitic cyst of the liver in an infant.

PMID- 3845910
TI  - Colitis cystica profunda.

PMID- 3845911
TI  - Investigating irritable bowel syndrome: a wasteful exercise?

PMID- 3845912
TI  - Liver span in normal Indians.

PMID- 3845913
TI  - A study of hepatitis B antigenemia in pregnant females and the risk of
      transmission to babies.

PMID- 3845914
TI  - Enzymatic defence against oxygen toxicity in D-galactosamine-induced hepatitis in
      rats.

PMID- 3845916
TI  - [The baccalaureate, required for admission to practice. It's up to the
      universities to take action].

PMID- 3845915
TI  - In vitro activity of combinations of antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus
      resistant to gentamicin and methicillin.
AB  - Twenty clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, resistant to both gentamicin
      and methicillin, were tested in vitro for sensitivity to rifampicin, novobiocin,
      fusidic acid, vancomycin, teicoplanin and an extended range of aminoglycosides.
      Rifampicin was the most active compound tested, having an MIC of less than 0.02
      mg/l. All the strains were inhibited by 1 mg/l of novobiocin, vancomycin and
      teicoplanin, and only one strain was resistant to fusidic acid. 50% of the
      strains were inhibited by less than 1 mg/l of amikacin and netilmicin, but other
      aminoglycosides were of poor activity. Resistant mutants were selected when
      strains were grown in the presence of rifampicin, novobiocin or fusidic acid
      alone, but this did not occur when rifampicin was combined with either novobiocin
      or vancomycin. Pharmacokinetic and other considerations suggest that a
      combination of rifampicin and novobiocin deserves further assessment for the
      treatment of infections caused by this type of organism.

PMID- 3845917
TI  - [Returning to studies. A new dimension to professional life].

PMID- 3845918
TI  - [The winds of change. A university adapts itself to the needs of the nursing
      community].

PMID- 3845919
TI  - [Professional nurses at the university. What are their needs?].

PMID- 3845920
TI  - [Professional stress].

PMID- 3845921
TI  - [Nurses and the Inuit. Different values].

PMID- 3845922
TI  - [Sophrology].

PMID- 3845923
TI  - [The prevention of infection in the hospital. 3. Antisepsis].

PMID- 3845924
TI  - [Times of mutation].

PMID- 3845925
TI  - The problem of environmental Legionella.

PMID- 3845926
TI  - A rubella outbreak among dental students: description of the outbreak and
      analysis of control measures.
AB  - From February to April 1982, rubella was diagnosed in 17 Washington University
      dental students. The affected students represented 4.8% of all dental students
      and 21% of susceptible students. Because a high likelihood of rubella
      transmission was perceived, three adjacent university hospitals undertook an
      emergency program to ensure immunity to rubella in all personnel. The program
      reached 84.6% of all target personnel, but only 36% of physicians (p less than
      0.001). We estimated that the program increased the level of rubella immunity
      from 92.2% to 98.1%, at a total cost of $140,274 of which $29,990 was in excess
      of ordinary expenditures. Our experience indicates that schools training health
      professionals face the possibility of rubella outbreaks unless they ensure
      rubella immunity in all students. The experience also supports the value of
      ongoing programs to ensure rubella immunity in hospital personnel. Without such
      programs, hospitals may be forced to undertake emergency programs that are likely
      to be disruptive and expensive and may have relatively little immediate
      measurable impact.

PMID- 3845927
TI  - Penicillins with antipseudomonal activity.

PMID- 3845928
TI  - Prevention and control of tuberculosis.
AB  - Programs for tuberculosis prevention in health care workers can be complex and
      often raise questions and controversies among employee health and infection
      control practitioners alike. Although tuberculosis is declining in incidence in
      the US, preventive programs for health care workers will continue to be a part of
      employee health programs. As with other aspects of infection control, the
      practitioner must develop and modify the program to reflect the state of the art
      and current thinking in tuberculosis prevention and control.

PMID- 3845929
TI  - Teaching our Caribbean teachers.
AB  - Many Caribbean islands now at perplexing crossroads created by new political and
      governmental identities should consider, among other things, their responsibility
      to establish and maintain educational standards for the allied health
      disciplines. This responsibility can be met directly through assuring that there
      is a self-generating supply of qualified Caribbean teachers. Factors which
      influence directions for educational programming in the allied health sciences
      have been analyzed. Advancement of the cause through appropriate choices and
      worthwhile alliances shall help to generate and maintain those educational health
      manpower programmes which the region can afford to support.

PMID- 3845930
TI  - Nurses and health policy.

PMID- 3845931
TI  - A place for the nurse-midwife.

PMID- 3845932
TI  - Fifteen years of the ICN/3M Fellowship Programme.

PMID- 3845933
TI  - International consultation by United States nurses.
AB  - Two sets of data were used in this exploratory/descriptive study of U.S. nurses
      who have engaged in international consultation during the past 7 years. The first
      set consisted of the responses to a 12-page questionnaire which was completed by
      93 informants, while the second set consisted of the content analysis of 25
      interviews. Findings included a demographic profile of the consultant,
      information about the client, type of advice given, motivation for engaging in
      international consultation, and ways in which advice was adapted to make it
      culturally relevant and effective in its context.

PMID- 3845934
TI  - Community health workers: promoters or inhibitors of primary health care?

PMID- 3845935
TI  - Reflections on the cost of hospital nursing: a comparison of factors affecting
      time distribution in ward, theatre and outpatient departments.
AB  - An understanding of the influences upon nurses' time distribution is important
      for the evaluation of care and the justification of the cost of the nursing
      service. Time devoted to the care of breast cancer patients at different stages
      of their illness was studied by direct observation in ward, theatre and
      outpatient departments. Factors affecting the time spent with patients were found
      to differ in each location. In the ward and theatre, nurses' work was primarily
      patient-orientated in that the most significant determinants of the amount of
      nurse-patient contact appeared to be characteristics of the patients themselves.
      Particularly in the ward, nurses seemed free to make their own decisions
      concerning the patients who most needed their attention. In outpatient
      departments, organizational factors and the characteristics of the doctors
      conducting the clinics seemed most significant in determining nurses' time
      distribution. However, there were signs that nurses recognize differences between
      patients to which their current pattern of work organization does not allow
      adequate response.

PMID- 3845936
TI  - A theoretical approach to nursing assessment.
AB  - Nurses use theory to sharpen their observations and to facilitate their
      understanding of the human responses to which they direct their interventions. An
      assessment tool, derived from the nursing theory 'modelling and role-modelling',
      was developed by nurses at the University of Michigan Hospitals. This tool
      appears to elicit the data necessary to assess and diagnose the health status of
      clients. This article describes the assessment tool, why it was developed, the
      objectives in utilization of the tool and suggestions for implementation.

PMID- 3845937
TI  - The Neuman Systems Model in nursing education: course development and
      implementation.
AB  - Nursing education programmes increasingly are integrating nursing models into
      their curriculum. The model chosen can provide a guide for curriculum content as
      well as strategies for learning content. In the clinical setting a model can
      facilitate the student's nursing practice by assisting in the organization of
      observations and interpretation of data. This paper describes the introduction of
      the Betty Neuman Systems Model to fourth year baccalaureate students at the
      University of Ottawa School of Nursing, Canada. The selection of this model for a
      senior nursing course reflects its congruency with the school's philosophy of
      learning and nursing and the purpose of the course. Course development and
      implementation, teaching strategies and outcomes are discussed and reflect an
      attempt at incorporating a nursing model into course design.

PMID- 3845938
TI  - Use of controlling language in the rehabilitation of the elderly.
AB  - Discussion rests on the notion that a paradox exists in the techniques used by
      nurses during the rehabilitation of elderly patients; and that this can be
      identified in the language nurses use during interactions with their patients.
      This language is seen as essentially controlling and as such contributing to a
      sense of helpless dependence rather than confident independence conducive to
      patients' successful rehabilitation. Social and physical antecedents to this are
      identified and the pertinence of issues of power and control in the lives of the
      elderly discussed. Supporting evidence is drawn from studies of nurse-patient
      verbal interaction. An attempt is made to identify and emphasize the subtle
      nature of 'controlling language'. Research questions are identified and the
      future contribution of research highlighted.

PMID- 3845939
TI  - Review and replications of a 'core-course' in behaviour therapy for psychiatric
      nurses.
AB  - The advent of the nursing process and the success of behaviour therapy in
      psychiatry have created a need for a revised emphasis on nursing practice and
      education. This paper outlines an in-service, 'core-course' in behaviour therapy
      which addresses this need. The results from an initial and very comprehensive
      evaluation of the course are presented in terms of the attitudes, knowledge and
      skills of 65 nurses. We then give a summary of seven subsequent replications of
      the course in different British National Health Service psychiatric hospitals.
      These involved nurses in the organization and running of the core-course, and,
      together with the very favourable results, they illustrate one strategy for
      developing nurses' proficiency in behaviour therapy.

PMID- 3845940
TI  - The attitudes of nurse tutor students towards behavioural objectives: background
      and method of study.
AB  - Since behavioural objectives are rooted in behaviouristic psychology there is a
      brief discussion of some notable behaviourists. This is followed by reference to
      some key characters in the behavioural objectives movement. The strengths and
      weaknesses of behavioural objectives are discussed with reference to the relevant
      literature. Behavioural objectives in nursing education are considered and the
      tensions which their use may give rise to are noted. Finally, details are given
      of how a small-scale empirical study relating to behavioural objectives was
      conducted.

PMID- 3845941
TI  - The funding market for nursing research.
AB  - The finance for nursing research is obtained from a funding market where the
      nursing profession competes with other groups for limited resources. In order to
      compete effectively in that market, nursing needs to understand the nature of the
      market and the importance of the professional and social networks which underpin
      it. This paper aims to enhance that understanding in two ways. Firstly it
      presents a descriptive profile of the main types of funding agencies relevant to
      nursing (government departments, the Medical Research Council, Economic and
      Social Research Council, Health Education Council, the locally organized research
      schemes of the regions, private charities and industry) and summarizes the
      position of nursing in each sector. Secondly, the paper analyses the way in which
      the social networks of the funding market monitor and control the competition for
      research resources and how the nursing profession can best approach those social
      networks.

PMID- 3845942
TI  - Behaviour modification in nursing practice and research: a case study.
AB  - Using a behaviour modification programme, an attempt was made to teach a 39-year
      old dependent patient with a medical diagnosis of schizophrenia to reacquire and
      maintain self-care behaviours. Dependence in this project was limited to morning
      care behaviours, i.e. mouth-washing, face-washing, shaving and bathing. Praise
      and a token economy programme were used to reduce the number of prompts (help and
      reminders) the patient needed to accomplish the targeted behaviours. Although the
      treatment programme ran for only 4 weeks because the patient was prematurely
      transferred to another ward, an evaluation of the programme shows that nursing
      staff in psychiatric hospitals can facilitate healthy behaviours in schizophrenic
      patients through behaviour management skills.

PMID- 3845943
TI  - Nursing knowledge of hepatitis B infection.
AB  - A questionnaire was given to nurses in two hospitals, one general and one
      psychiatric. Answers to the questions revealed a lack of knowledge of the natural
      history of hepatitis B infection. There were no apparent differences between
      specialities or grades of nursing staff. Confusion of hepatitis A infection with
      hepatitis B infection was not the cause of incorrect answers.

PMID- 3845944
TI  - Breast feeding: differences in prevalence between caucasian and negroid women
      resident in Paddington and North Kensington, London, England.
AB  - Three hundred and thirty-seven caucasian women and 150 negroid women who were
      resident in an inner London health district, who gave birth in the district's
      maternity unit and who were transferred home before 6 days after delivery were
      studied in respect of their intentions and practices for feeding their babies.
      Differences in the numbers breast feeding within and between various sub-groups
      of the two racial groups were compared and inferences drawn in respect of to
      which group effort in promoting breast feeding should be directed.

PMID- 3845945
TI  - Janforum. Innovation in nursing--the role of higher education in relation to
      nursing practice.

PMID- 3845946
TI  - The 24-hour cycle: rhythms of healthy sleep (developing nursing strategies!).

PMID- 3845947
TI  - Day care: a new idea? Not really.

PMID- 3845948
TI  - Does knowledge enhance patient compliance?

PMID- 3845949
TI  - A zest for life!

PMID- 3845950
TI  - Is your patient about to fall?

PMID- 3845952
TI  - The computer doesn't have a heart!

PMID- 3845951
TI  - Are generic drugs dangerous for the aged?

PMID- 3845953
TI  - The despair of the homeless aged.

PMID- 3845954
TI  - [Urinary kallikrein levels during pregnancy].
AB  - Whether to determine the urinary kallikrein (UKK) levels in the second trimester
      of pregnancy is valuable in predicting of gestosis, especially of hypertension,
      was studied using samples of urine obtained from 500 cases of pregnant women
      without gestosis, 50 pregnant women with gestosis and 50 cases of pregnancy with
      a variety of complications other than gestosis. The main results obtained were as
      follows: In normal pregnancy, UKK levels elevated with pregnancy for a peak in
      the first to the second trimester of pregnancy, tapering off thereafter. The UKK
      level was significantly lower in 20 pregnant women with gestosis especially in
      hypertensive type than in pregnant women without gestosis (p less than 0.001).
      Pregnant women with normal blood pressure who suffered no gestosis and had an
      extremely low UKK level, accounted for 9.8% of all pregnant women studied. This
      figure includes a large number of those who were in a high risk group for the
      onset of gestosis. From these findings, UKK was considered to be useful as one of
      the factors used in predicting the onset of hypertension in association with
      gestosis and we are now studying pregnant women in the 20th and 30th week of
      pregnancy in more detail.

PMID- 3845955
TI  - Quantitative study of secretory cell metaplasia induced by human neutrophil
      elastase in the large bronchi of hamsters.
AB  - To explore the time course and the mechanism of development of bronchial
      secretory cell metaplasia (SCM) induced by human neutrophil elastase (HNE),
      anesthetized hamsters were injected intratracheally with 300 micrograms highly
      purified HNE in 0.5 ml saline solution; saline-injected and untreated animals
      served as controls. At 3, 8, 16, and 21 days after treatment, animals were killed
      and their lungs fixed by vascular perfusion. Samples from the hilar region of the
      left lung, containing the main axial airway and its proximal branches, were
      embedded in Epon-Araldite, and 1 micron sections were stained with methylene
      blue. Epithelial cells with a luminal border were categorized into three cell
      types and expressed as a percent of total cells counted (mean 1900 per animal);
      cells containing at least three mucin granules were classified as secretory,
      ciliated cells displayed cilia or basal bodies, and cells with none of these
      characteristics were classified as indeterminate. Percentages of the three cell
      types in saline-treated animals, at all time points, were comparable to those in
      the untreated controls. With HNE treatment the secretory cell percentages were
      higher at 16 days (mean +/- SEM, 36.4% +/- 3.2%) and at 21 days (35.7% +/- 2.9%)
      than in the untreated animals (18.2% +/- 1.8%, P less than 0.05). The percentage
      of the indeterminate cells in the HNE group was decreased at days 8, 16, and 21
      (7.2% +/- 1.6%, 5.0% +/- 1.4%, and 8.2% +/- 2.5%, respectively) compared with
      that in the untreated group (21.7% +/- 2.5%, P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3845957
TI  - Perceptual dysfunction: nursing assessment and management.
AB  - Perceptual dysfunction is a complex problem and can be a serious barrier to the
      patient's recovery of independence. Nurses play a significant role in the
      identification of a possible perceptual deficit and in the use of nursing
      interventions that complement and are coordinated with the work of the
      occupational therapist. Four common categories of perceptual dysfunction are
      identified. One-sided neglect and apraxia are emphasized and specific assessment
      data and nursing interventions for these two problems are discussed. Agnosia and
      visual-spatial relationship problems are described briefly. The related problem
      of visual deficits is outlined and discussed with reference to perceptual
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3845956
TI  - Experimental methyl mercury neurotoxicity: locus of mercurial inhibition of brain
      protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Brain cell-free protein synthesis is inhibited by methyl mercury chloride (MeHg)
      following in vivo or in vitro administration. In this report, we have identified
      the locus of mercurial inhibition of translation. Intraperitoneal injection of
      MeHg (40 nmol/g body wt) induced variable inhibition of amino acid incorporation
      into the post-mitochondrial supernatant (PMS) harvested from the brain of young
      (10-20-day-old) rats. No mercurial-induced disaggregation of brain polyribosomes
      nor change in the proportion of 80S monoribosomes was detected on sucrose density
      gradients. No difference in total RNA was found in the PMS. Initiation complex
      formation was stimulated by MeHg, as detected by radiolabelled methionine binding
      to 80S monoribosomes following continuous sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation. After micrococcal nuclease digestion of endogenous mRNA, both in
      vivo and in vitro MeHg inhibited polyuridylic acid-directed incorporation of
      [3H]phenylalanine. However, the in vivo inhibition was no longer observed when
      [3H]phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe replaced free [3H]phenylalanine in the incorporation
      assay. The formation of peptidyl[3H]puromycin revealed no difference from
      controls. There was significant mercurial inhibition of phenylalanyl-tRNA Phe
      synthetase activity in pH 5 enzyme fractions derived from brain PMS of MeHg
      poisoned rats. These experiments revealed that the apparent MeHg inhibition of
      brain translation in vivo and in vitro is due primarily to perturbation in the
      aminoacylation of tRNA and is not associated with defective initiation,
      elongation, or ribosomal function.

PMID- 3845958
TI  - Meeting family needs following severe head injury: a multidisciplinary approach.
AB  - Families of neurotrauma patients experience significantly increased stress during
      the acute phase of injury. It is important to recognize each family's needs
      during this period in order to enhance the potential for recovery. Assessment of
      individual needs, communication with the health care team, and genuine concern
      are necessary. One successful approach to the group process is "The Family
      Huddle", a technique which has enjoyed positive results at one institution.

PMID- 3845959
TI  - Emotional depletion in critical care staff.
AB  - The cumulative effect of multiple patient deaths upon critical care staff may
      lead to emotional depletion and spiritual exhaustion. Attitudinal, behavioral,
      and social factors which contribute to such effects are examined. These factors
      include unresolved grief, the need to be perfect, projection of one's own needs,
      overseriousness, lack of sharing, inappropriate sharing at home, norms of
      solemnity, lack of structured opportunities for sharing, and administrative non
      responsiveness. Empirical research to further define the nature and etiology of
      "staff burnout" is a logical, but most difficult, next step.

PMID- 3845960
TI  - The human connection: the role of the nurse in organ donation.
AB  - Organ transplantation has greatly improved the grim outlook of patients suffering
      from end-stage organ failure. Unfortunately, many of these waiting patients will
      not realize their dream of being transplanted since the number of organ donors
      referred to transplant programs simply does not meet the need. This article
      describes the role the nurse can play in organ donation by discussing medical
      criteria needed to assess the donor, the determination of neurologic death, and
      guidelines to approaching families for consent.

PMID- 3845961
TI  - Repatterning of stroke rehabilitation clients following return to life in the
      community.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to learn more about problems stroke patients
      experience after rehabilitation and how they perceive and interact with their
      environment. Findings indicate that nurses need to consider individual life
      patterns, current goals and the resources and impediments of the home and
      community environment in planning interventions. Subjects wanted a challenging
      but not overly stressful environment. Most of their energy was consumed with
      accomplishing the activities of daily living. Complex planning and timing were
      necessary to continue a few pleasurable activities. Advocates are needed for
      better design and accessibility in the environment of our aging population, with
      increasing numbers of chronically ill and disabled, and for all people.

PMID- 3845963
TI  - Profile on people: Pamela Mitchell. Interview by Hillary Lipe.

PMID- 3845962
TI  - Levels of cognitive functioning: evaluation of interrater reliability.
AB  - This study examined the reliability of the Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale,
      an observational tool used to assess head-injured patients. Twenty-two
      undergraduate and ten graduate students viewed videotapes of four patients at
      various levels and rated each using the scale. Findings indicate a high percent
      agreement of subjects with each other for the four patient examples and with the
      correct level (p less than .001). These results suggest that this assessment tool
      may be useful in planning nursing interventions.

PMID- 3845964
TI  - Prevention of nervous system trauma from travel in motor vehicles.
AB  - Brain and spinal cord injuries are a frequent cause of death and long-term
      disability in motor vehicle accidents. Helmet use reduces death and head injury
      severity in motorcycle accidents. Proper use of child restraints can prevent
      death from falls and vehicle crashes. Auto lap and shoulder restraints, when in
      use, reduce death from accidents and falls from cars. Passive protections, such
      as air bags, vehicle design for crashworthiness, and automatic seatbelt systems
      are less available for economic reasons. Voluntary use of available devices is
      the remaining viable option. One-to-one education may help promote use of
      protective devices. The greatest impact lies in legislative requirements for self
      protection. It is ethically justifiable to require use of devices such as child
      restraints, seatbelts, and motorcycle helmets to prevent death and disability.

PMID- 3845965
TI  - Metabolic complications associated with severe diffuse brain injury.
AB  - Diffuse axonal injury (DAI), the severest form of diffuse brain injury, causes
      extensive damage throughout the cerebrum, diencephalon and brainstem. The effects
      of this injury, however, are not isolated to the brain. This paper discusses
      diffuse axonal injury, the metabolic complications to be anticipated from the
      systems' response to cerebral trauma in general, and the nursing implications.

PMID- 3845966
TI  - Factors affecting intracranial pressure: a descriptive study.
AB  - This study examined the effects of 365 occurrences on the intracranial pressure
      (ICP) of four patients with severe head injuries and a Glasgow Coma Score below
      five. The occurrences were in: 1) health care activities, 2) patient-initiated
      activities, and 3) environmental stimuli. The health care activities that
      increased intracranial pressure were suctioning, turning, and flexion of the
      head; decreases were realized by elevating the head of the bed and repositioning
      the patient. The patient-initiated activities that increased intracranial
      pressure were flexion of extremities, rotation of the neck, and coughing. In
      contrast to previous reports, environmental stimuli did not affect intracranial
      pressure and bathing increased it. Recommendations for nursing care include:
      turning patients more slowly to less acute angles; proper head/neck positioning;
      and more direct psychosocial interactions with families of patients who have low
      Glasgow Coma Scores.

PMID- 3845967
TI  - Increased intracranial pressure: management with an intraventricular catheter.
AB  - A patient returns from the operating room with an intracranial pressure (ICP) of
      25 mm Hg as measured by an intraventricular catheter. What measures will decrease
      his ICP, what is the most threatening risk of an intraventricular catheter, and
      what nursing measures will decrease those risks? The clinical nurse caring for a
      patient with an intraventricular catheter must understand the dynamics of
      intracranial anatomy and physiology as well as the methods and rationale for
      medical and nursing management. An adequate knowledge base of each aspect of the
      intraventricular catheter and drainage system, from insertion to removal, is very
      important in decreasing the risks that confront these patients. These risks
      include infection, collapse of the ventricles, rapid ventricular drainage,
      increased potential for subdural hematoma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
      Familiarity with this information will minimize nursing uncertainties and fears,
      enabling the nurse to care for such patients with the required expertise and
      confidence.

PMID- 3845968
TI  - Assessment center technology. Selecting head nurses.
AB  - Assessment center technology is a selection method for supervisory personnel. It
      uses a candidate's performance in actual work sample exercises. The use of
      assessment centers in selecting head nurses is explained. Specific results, such
      as increases in productivity, establishment of standards of practice, and
      increases in employee satisfaction, are described. Recommendations for assessment
      center use and suggestions for implementing assessment centers to select nursing
      managers are presented.

PMID- 3845969
TI  - Decentralization reduces nursing administration budget.
AB  - Faced with the need to decrease personnel costs, nursing administrators at
      Bayfront Medical Center analyzed the nursing department's organizational
      structure. The resulting change to a decentralized management structure,
      streamlining the management staff, is described. The radical, yet promising
      approach of eliminating evening and night shift nursing supervisors is discussed.

PMID- 3845971
TI  - Tackling writer's block. Suggestions for self-modification.
AB  - Writing is an important and pervasive part of every administrator's duties, and
      problems with writer's block and procrastination can impede one's productivity.
      This article describes behavioral assessment and intervention methods (e.g., task
      analysis, reinforcement analysis, time-structuring, charting, and deposit
      contracting) that an individual can use to modify his or her writing habits.

PMID- 3845970
TI  - The Neuman Systems Model in practice. Planning phase.
AB  - How do you choose and plan for the implementation of a conceptual model for
      professional nursing practice? This article discusses one institution's
      experience with the Neuman Systems Model. The process discussed in this article
      will serve as a guide for other nursing administrators considering this
      significant undertaking.

PMID- 3845973
TI  - The effect of a nurse internship program on novice nurses' self-evaluation of
      clinical performance.

PMID- 3845972
TI  - What to do about toxic mentors.

PMID- 3845975
TI  - Qualitative studies: from observations to explanations.

PMID- 3845974
TI  - Job satisfaction and interruptions in the planned time of nursing managers.

PMID- 3845977
TI  - Electrolyte balance. Part II.

PMID- 3845976
TI  - Kidney camp.

PMID- 3845978
TI  - A framework for organizing a CAPD training program.

PMID- 3845979
TI  - Quality time.

PMID- 3845980
TI  - A two week hemodialysis training program for nurses.

PMID- 3845982
TI  - Dietary phosphorus.

PMID- 3845981
TI  - The electrical heart.

PMID- 3845983
TI  - Desmopressin: a new drug for the treatment of bleeding disorders.

PMID- 3845984
TI  - Ophthalmic manifestations of renal disease.

PMID- 3845986
TI  - Dialysis team consultation group: planning, process, and evaluation.

PMID- 3845985
TI  - Home and in-center hemodialysis patients--a descriptive study.

PMID- 3845987
TI  - Contracting for care. One nursing approach to the hospitalized borderline
      patient.

PMID- 3845988
TI  - Destroyers. Written treatment contracts can help cure self destructive behaviors
      of the borderline patient.

PMID- 3845989
TI  - The borderline experience: subjective impressions.

PMID- 3845990
TI  - Using Lakovic's system. Countertransference classifications.

PMID- 3845991
TI  - The patient is splitting. Everyone knows and nothing changes.

PMID- 3845992
TI  - [Childbirth in Europe].

PMID- 3845993
TI  - [Childbirth in water].

PMID- 3845994
TI  - [Midwife-conducted births in a large maternity hospital. Advantages and
      drawbacks].

PMID- 3845995
TI  - [Midwife-conducted births in a small maternity hospital. Advantages and
      drawbacks].

PMID- 3845996
TI  - Men in nursing: a review of research studies.

PMID- 3845997
TI  - Male labor and delivery nurse?

PMID- 3845998
TI  - One man's nursing career... nurse practitioner, educator, public health official.

PMID- 3845999
TI  - Financial (care) plan.

PMID- 3846000
TI  - The administration's health care policies.

PMID- 3846001
TI  - Pre-professional and substance abuse: how are nursing educators handling the
      problem?

PMID- 3846002
TI  - An update on the "entry" issue.

PMID- 3846003
TI  - Is it "time to go back to school"?

PMID- 3846004
TI  - A national nursing leader's view. Entry into practice.

PMID- 3846005
TI  - R.N. perspective of home health care needs of family members.

PMID- 3846006
TI  - [Indices of the blood kallikrein-kinin and coagulating systems in hypertension
      patients during treatment].

PMID- 3846007
TI  - [Professionalization and autonomy. Discussing on a clear basis].

PMID- 3846008
TI  - [Autonomy: nursing personnel and the judge. Which rules of conduct?].

PMID- 3846009
TI  - [Autonomy: critical observations by a nonprofessional. The sociopolitical
      viewpoint].

PMID- 3846011
TI  - [Autonomy: psychiatric nursing. The phase of semi-professionalization].

PMID- 3846010
TI  - [Autonomy of the public health nurse. Developing as an individual].

PMID- 3846012
TI  - [Autonomy: opinion of a group of pediatric nurses. The interest of the child is
      all-important].

PMID- 3846013
TI  - [Autonomy: the independence of the pediatric nurse. Observation and a "sense for
      diagnosis"].

PMID- 3846014
TI  - [Nursing care of cancer patients--a professional and human challenge].

PMID- 3846015
TI  - [Ambulatory care of children with tumors. Compassion--but also rejoicing!].

PMID- 3846016
TI  - [Nursing and care during and after radiotherapy. The open door].

PMID- 3846017
TI  - [Implantable catheter systems. A good alternative].

PMID- 3846018
TI  - [Enterostoma: special aspects in nursing and care. Corner stones for
      rehabilitation].

PMID- 3846019
TI  - [Clinical cancer research: role of the nurse. Guarantee for optimal patient
      care].

PMID- 3846020
TI  - [Clinical cancer research: example from practice. Nurses must collaborate at the
      forefront!].

PMID- 3846021
TI  - [Psychological stress in nursing of tumor patients: coping possibilities. Taking
      care of yourself].

PMID- 3846022
TI  - [Educational possibilities for nursing staff in Switzerland. Successful course in
      Geneva and St. Gallen].

PMID- 3846023
TI  - [Health education in Nicaragua. An element of reconstruction of the country].

PMID- 3846025
TI  - [Cancer and the mind. Removing guilt from the patient].

PMID- 3846024
TI  - [Breast cancer. The importance of psychological support].

PMID- 3846026
TI  - [Organization of nursing care in the Emergency Department of the University
      Hospital Center of Vaud. The restorations in question are indispensable].

PMID- 3846028
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of acute middle ear inflammation. I].

PMID- 3846027
TI  - [Care of the cancer patient in the terminal stage. At home or in the hospital?].

PMID- 3846029
TI  - [What is nuclear medicine?].

PMID- 3846030
TI  - [Helping--facilitating--cooperating. The expanded professional comprehension in
      community health nursing].

PMID- 3846031
TI  - [Boundary situation of medical and nursing actions. On all sides the same
      problems].

PMID- 3846032
TI  - [The deaconess center in the tension sphere of contradictory expectations].

PMID- 3846033
TI  - [Significance of nursing service administration--problems of its position. "Fish
      starts to smell at the head first"].

PMID- 3846034
TI  - [Discussion on a new concept of death].

PMID- 3846035
TI  - [Patient risk in bladder infection. Transurethral urinary catheter irrigation
      using the Fresenius' pleated pressure flask].

PMID- 3846036
TI  - [Differentiated assistance--comprehensive care. Expanded professional
      comprehension in community health nursing].

PMID- 3846037
TI  - [Harmful infectious waste?].

PMID- 3846038
TI  - [Causes, clinical aspects and therapy of osteomyelitis].

PMID- 3846040
TI  - [I am becoming a veterinarian! Interview].

PMID- 3846039
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of acute and chronic middle ear inflammation. II].

PMID- 3846041
TI  - [Everybody knows something which another person does not know. Introductory
      observations to a discussion with colleagues in nursing service in the framework
      of inservice continuing education].

PMID- 3846042
TI  - [Community health nursing within the church community. The relationship of the
      church community to the social center from the viewpoint of community health
      nursing].

PMID- 3846043
TI  - Physical, psychological, social, and lifestyle differences among adolescents
      classified according to cigarette smoking intention status.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine the extent to which multiple physical,
      psychological, social, and lifestyle measures differ among high school males
      classified according to cigarette smoking intention status including
      nonintenders, mild intenders, and strong intenders. The Physical Performance Test
      for California, to measure six traits of physical fitness and Cattell's 16PF
      Questionnaire to assess manifold dimensions of personality were administered to
      386 high school males. Self-concept was measured by Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale
      and body build was assessed using Tucker's Perceived Somatotype Scale and the
      Body Mass Index. Data relative to marital status of parents, exercise experience,
      church attendance, participation in athletics, alcohol drinking habits,
      television viewing behavior, intention to attend college, dating behavior, as
      well as general demographic information and intention to smoke cigarettes were
      assessed by a written questionnaire. Results indicated that nonintenders were
      significantly more self-confident, intelligent, emotionally stable, moralistic,
      conservative, group oriented, self-controlled, relaxed, and more likely to
      respond in a socially desirable manner than were strong intenders. Nonintenders
      reported less dating, less television viewing, less alcohol consumption, and
      perceived themselves as and were determined to be less obese than strong
      intenders. Nonintenders also reported greater intentions to attend college,
      greater varsity athletic participation, were more likely to be residing with
      their natural mothers, and were more physically fit than were strong intenders.
      Possible health education and youth smoking prevention strategies are discussed.

PMID- 3846044
TI  - The relationship of cognitive and behavioral skills to adolescent tobacco
      smoking.
AB  - This study examined an assumption held by many smoking prevention programs that
      social skills can affect the onset of tobacco smoking. Data from 129 sixth
      graders were used to predict smoking behavior 15 months later in seventh grade.
      Five skill variables emerged as the best predictors of future smoking. By
      analyzing discriminant scores based on individual levels of social skills, the
      investigators were able to accurately classify 80% of the students surveyed as
      smokers or nonsmokers. Measures of social skills accounted for 29% of the
      variation in adolescent smoking behavior.

PMID- 3846045
TI  - Employment trends of school personnel and staff 1980-1990.
AB  - The American School Health Association's School Nurse Study Committee and the
      National Association of State School Nurse Consultants requested that a study be
      conducted to identify future employment trends for school nurses and how these
      trends compare with employment trends for other personnel employed in the school
      districts. School districts were asked for numbers of personnel employed in 1980,
      1981, and 1982, and to project their intention to increase, decrease, or maintain
      the same number of personnel until 1990. The results of the study indicated that
      the profession showing the greatest decrease is the classroom teacher and that
      school nurses were not identified to have a greater decrease in employment than
      other professionals.

PMID- 3846046
TI  - The role of the school in consumer health education.
AB  - Ethical consumer health education is education that is noncoercive and
      facilitates an individual's voluntary adoption of health improving behaviors.
      Patients and consumers attempting to utilize the medical marketplace for cure or
      prevention may be ill-prepared to do so because of the complexity of the
      marketplace, the strong marketing influences of the marketplace, and their own
      lack of fundamental preparation in the rudiments of decision-making, valuing,
      assertiveness, data collection, and other skills necessary to be a good consumer.
      For this reason, school-based consumer health education is necessary to prepare
      current and future consumers to safely and efficiently use the medical
      marketplace.

PMID- 3846047
TI  - Health concerns and teacher training of selected elementary teachers in Michigan.
AB  - With reductions in the number of school-based health personnel, increased
      responsibility for the identification of health problems falls to the classroom
      teacher. This paper describes a survey of the level of health-related training
      among a sample of elementary teachers in a Michigan intermediate school district,
      with the teachers' perceptions of their ability to recognize and deal with
      selected student health problems. Though some differences existed between
      classroom and other teachers, and between veteran and newly-trained teachers, the
      overall results were clear--elementary teachers are not well-prepared for their
      expanded role. This fact was especially true for more difficult to recognize and
      potentially more serious health problems such as injury to the head and substance
      abuse, where teachers expressed considerable discomfort with their ability and
      lack of preparation. Several recommendations are offered relating to the need for
      health training.

PMID- 3846048
TI  - The health knowledge of ninth grade students in Oyo State, Nigeria.
AB  - A stratified random sample of 540 ninth grade (Class 3) students in Oyo State,
      Nigeria, were administered the 60-item Health Education Test Form 3A. The purpose
      of the study was to obtain baseline data concerning the health knowledge of the
      students for use in the development of Health Education curricula in Oyo State.
      Subjects from the metropolitan area, from medium-size towns, and from rural areas
      recorded composite mean scores of 29.02, 24.78, and 25.01, respectively;
      indicating a general deficiency of health knowledge among the subjects.
      Recommendations are offered concerning curriculum, teacher preparation, and
      international cooperation to assist in the development of quality Health
      Education programs for Nigerian students.

PMID- 3846049
TI  - Evaluation of American Cancer Society elementary school public education
      programs.
AB  - A comprehensive evaluation of two American Cancer Society (ACS) curriculum
      programs, An Early Start to Good Health (grades K-3) and Health Network (grades
      four-six), was conducted to assess the impact of the materials on student health
      knowledge, attitude, and behavior and to determine procedures and practices
      employed by teachers in utilizing the materials. The materials were tested with
      26 classroom teachers and 660 children in grades K-6, and the material
      utilization practices of an additional 356 teachers in 27 schools were examined.
      Findings from the evaluation suggest that the two programs are effective in
      promoting child health education, but questions were raised concerning the ACS
      requirements for teacher training and the Usage Report Card system of
      documentation.

PMID- 3846050
TI  - School health education: who, when, where?

PMID- 3846051
TI  - Computer system support. Part II.

PMID- 3846053
TI  - [Present state and future of computerization of hospitals].

PMID- 3846054
TI  - [Use of high technology in nursing work].

PMID- 3846052
TI  - Locus of control as a treatable personality construct in alcoholics.

PMID- 3846055
TI  - [Innovation of community medicine by new media].

PMID- 3846056
TI  - [The aspect of nurses' thinking with possible assistance by computers].

PMID- 3846058
TI  - [Ideas on management and administration of the Nursing Department of Rush
      Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center (an interview)].

PMID- 3846057
TI  - [The ability of students to observe the clinical training of nursing. 3].

PMID- 3846059
TI  - [Gender role].

PMID- 3846060
TI  - [Structure and function of communication in nursing administration].

PMID- 3846061
TI  - [Task component of the nurse's aide in the Japanese hospitals: comparative study
      of the present and 15 years ago].

PMID- 3846062
TI  - [Development of a relationship between a schizophrenic and a student nurse].

PMID- 3846063
TI  - [Study of the effective teaching-learning method of the unit "helping elimination
      in pediatrics"].

PMID- 3846065
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of apoplexy patients. The process of diagnosis of
      cerebral hemorrhage].

PMID- 3846064
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of apoplexy patients. Pathophysiology of cerebral
      hemorrhage and the life and prognosis of the patient].

PMID- 3846066
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of apoplexy patients. Keypoints in the observation of
      the general condition of the patient].

PMID- 3846067
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of apoplexy patients. Nursing plans for patients with
      cerebral hemorrhage].

PMID- 3846068
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of apoplexy patients. Nursing of an apoplexy patient
      excessively dependent on her family].

PMID- 3846070
TI  - [Case study of the month: towards a more fulfilling daily life. Nursing of an
      aged, unresponsive patient with a poor prognosis--assistance toward a more
      fulfilling life].

PMID- 3846069
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of apoplexy patients. Assistance in daily activities
      with a consideration toward creation of an environment for social rehabilitation:
      discussion].

PMID- 3846071
TI  - [Case study of the month: towards a more fulfilling daily life. A lesson in
      nursing of a patient with a cognition disorder--importance of the interpretation
      of the clinical signs].

PMID- 3846072
TI  - [Case study of the month: towards a more fulfilling daily life. Assistance in the
      daily life of a patient with liver cirrhosis--a lesson in the assistance in the
      rest care of a patient in the non-compensatory stage].

PMID- 3846073
TI  - [Case study of the month: towards a more fulfilling daily life. Shampooing
      procedure which is comfortable to a bedridden patient--designing of equipment to
      ease the pain in the back of the neck].

PMID- 3846075
TI  - [Test yourself. Nursing keypoints: Pre- and postoperative nursing of a patient
      with cholelithiasis].

PMID- 3846074
TI  - [Conference: lessons in clinical training. Understanding of the significance of
      team nursing].

PMID- 3846076
TI  - [Case report. Nursing of a patient having hallucinations and delusions--the
      importance of focusing on the normal aspects of the patient's behaviors].

PMID- 3846077
TI  - [Patients' background and their acceptance of amputation].

PMID- 3846078
TI  - [Nursing of patients with phantom limb].

PMID- 3846079
TI  - [Participation of the nursing staff in social rehabilitation of amputees].

PMID- 3846080
TI  - [Report on a nursing seminar for nursing students in Denmark (2). A visit to the
      Danish Nursing Association].

PMID- 3846081
TI  - [Treatment of trophic ulcers].

PMID- 3846082
TI  - [Mental disorders in disseminated sclerosis patients].

PMID- 3846083
TI  - [Use of physical factors in treating bronchial asthma and rhinosinusitis in
      children].

PMID- 3846084
TI  - [Work of the nurse in radio diagnostic subunits].

PMID- 3846085
TI  - [Work with superhigh intensifying screens].

PMID- 3846086
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3846087
TI  - [Work of the nurse in the allergology department].

PMID- 3846088
TI  - [Role of the nurse in preparing children for entry into a preschool].

PMID- 3846089
TI  - [Creation of a favorable psychological climate in the family].

PMID- 3846090
TI  - [Graphite fabric-based physiotherapy electrodes].

PMID- 3846091
TI  - [Treatment of the dystrophic-inflammatory form of periodontosis in the stage of
      exacerbation].

PMID- 3846092
TI  - [Participation of the nurse in organizing the treatment of patients with
      periodontal pathology].

PMID- 3846093
TI  - [Problems of work intensification for paramedical personnel].

PMID- 3846094
TI  - [Laxatives].

PMID- 3846095
TI  - [Fungal diseases].

PMID- 3846096
TI  - [Health education work in preventing injuries to children in preschools].

PMID- 3846097
TI  - [Work of a nurses' council in a spinal ward].

PMID- 3846098
TI  - [General legal and deontological norms of the interrelations of nurse and
      patient].

PMID- 3846099
TI  - [Diabetic angiopathy].

PMID- 3846100
TI  - Antenatal classes--are they of benefit?

PMID- 3846101
TI  - Continuity of care-Southern Thames area.

PMID- 3846103
TI  - Acupuncture anaesthesia for caesarean section.

PMID- 3846102
TI  - Introduction to acupuncture for midwives.

PMID- 3846104
TI  - Do women really want natural childbirth?

PMID- 3846105
TI  - [Disinfection of pancreatin preparations with gamma rays].

PMID- 3846106
TI  - Gown wearers I have known.

PMID- 3846107
TI  - The perioperative role of the OR nurse. A personal view.

PMID- 3846108
TI  - Total patient care and operative procedure at the Nottingham Eye Hospital. A case
      history.

PMID- 3846109
TI  - The case for pre-operative visiting.

PMID- 3846110
TI  - The commission unveils a new future for the profession. The shape of things to
      come.

PMID- 3846111
TI  - The education of nurses: a new dispensation.

PMID- 3846112
TI  - Council hails report as 'milestone in nurse education'. College backs
      commission's findings.

PMID- 3846113
TI  - New RCN policy statement on delivery of effective personnel service.

PMID- 3846114
TI  - Coping with the contract.

PMID- 3846115
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Paying a debt.

PMID- 3846116
TI  - Discharge of elderly patients.

PMID- 3846117
TI  - See you in Bournemouth.

PMID- 3846118
TI  - Come out of your shells.

PMID- 3846119
TI  - Nurses must manage nurses.

PMID- 3846120
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. A telling point.

PMID- 3846121
TI  - It was good to know the RCN was behind students all the way.

PMID- 3846123
TI  - Performing miracles.

PMID- 3846122
TI  - No section of the NHS can consider itself exempt from the impact of the Griffiths
      Report.

PMID- 3846124
TI  - Royal College of Nursing: clear message.

PMID- 3846125
TI  - RRB debate on primary health care matters must give us all cause for optimism.

PMID- 3846126
TI  - We need to build on the type of unity expressed in Bournemouth.

PMID- 3846127
TI  - Unit's 'more like a western'.

PMID- 3846129
TI  - Teaching clinical nurse specialists to lead ... and to succeed.

PMID- 3846128
TI  - Nursing education and service: the payoffs of partnership.

PMID- 3846130
TI  - Low-birthweight infants: balancing the scales of care.

PMID- 3846131
TI  - Clinical nurse specialist: in search of the right role.

PMID- 3846132
TI  - Transcultural care diversity and universality: a theory of nursing.

PMID- 3846133
TI  - Educational preparation for nursing administration.

PMID- 3846134
TI  - Strengthening communication signals to build a research-based practice.

PMID- 3846136
TI  - Senate outlook: an interview with Sheila Burke.

PMID- 3846135
TI  - D.C. regulatory battle proves our fight is far from over.

PMID- 3846137
TI  - Good news, bad news, or no news: improving radio and TV coverage of nursing
      issues.

PMID- 3846138
TI  - High tech--high touch it's high time for nursing.

PMID- 3846139
TI  - Rehab program's marketing plan was tailored to fit.

PMID- 3846140
TI  - Surveying members keeps constituent leagues on target.

PMID- 3846141
TI  - Test your knowledge of psychiatric and psychosocial nursing. Part 2.

PMID- 3846142
TI  - Balloons in the CCU.

PMID- 3846143
TI  - Managing intractable pain with methadone (nursing grand rounds).

PMID- 3846144
TI  - Perfecting your I.V. therapy techniques. Part I.

PMID- 3846145
TI  - Giving the help that goes on giving.

PMID- 3846146
TI  - The inside story on preload and afterload.

PMID- 3846147
TI  - The incident report if in doubt, fill it out.

PMID- 3846148
TI  - Assessing the thyroid.

PMID- 3846149
TI  - Helping the parents of a stillborn.

PMID- 3846150
TI  - Action stat! Lacerated carotid artery.

PMID- 3846151
TI  - Professional growth. Support, do you give it? Do you get it?

PMID- 3846152
TI  - Megatrends in nursing. 10 new directions that are changing your profession.

PMID- 3846153
TI  - Self-inflicted injury. Breaking a tragic cycle.

PMID- 3846154
TI  - Getting through to Felicia was a challenge. The most difficult person I've ever
      worked with.

PMID- 3846155
TI  - What nurses think of computers. Part 2.

PMID- 3846156
TI  - Teaching your patient to live with C.O.P.D.

PMID- 3846158
TI  - Coping with conflict: know which technique to call into play.

PMID- 3846157
TI  - Dealing with anaphylaxis--stat.

PMID- 3846159
TI  - Changing the suction catheter each time you enter a tracheostomy: necessity or
      waste?

PMID- 3846160
TI  - Life-and-death decisions in the I.C.U. Centering on patients' and families'
      needs.

PMID- 3846161
TI  - Protecting your patient's privacy.

PMID- 3846163
TI  - Eleventh-hour teaching. Patients in the dark. Staff conflicts. Caring too much.

PMID- 3846162
TI  - What our readers said about entrapping a colleague.

PMID- 3846164
TI  - Freedom of speech? Court case.

PMID- 3846165
TI  - Law for the nurse manager. The nurse and artificial insemination.

PMID- 3846166
TI  - Admitting, transfer and discharge: capturing savings from system design.

PMID- 3846167
TI  - Adapting PCS to emergency services.

PMID- 3846168
TI  - Ethics: nurse patron or nurse advocate.

PMID- 3846169
TI  - CE: out-dated notions can't up-date nurses.

PMID- 3846170
TI  - Primary nursing consultation: a support group clears the air.

PMID- 3846171
TI  - Sharing a CNS: most service for least cost.

PMID- 3846172
TI  - Comprehensive management of nursing care delivery.

PMID- 3846173
TI  - Whole-brain management: part III.

PMID- 3846174
TI  - Art and science of management. Working with dedicated people.

PMID- 3846175
TI  - Interviewing: getting the head nurse's opinion.

PMID- 3846177
TI  - If the cap fits....

PMID- 3846176
TI  - Mind over mind-set.

PMID- 3846179
TI  - Do you offer first aid?

PMID- 3846178
TI  - Dichloroacetyl chloride exposure? Case history.

PMID- 3846180
TI  - Breaking the habit.

PMID- 3846181
TI  - Effects of chemicals on health--5. Atmospheric monitoring methods. II.

PMID- 3846182
TI  - CVD risk factor reduction and the workplace: a national view.

PMID- 3846183
TI  - Cardiovascular risk factor reduction in the workplace: why and how?

PMID- 3846184
TI  - Cost analysis and workplace health promotion programs.

PMID- 3846185
TI  - Information systems for worksite health promotion programs.

PMID- 3846186
TI  - After the screening.

PMID- 3846187
TI  - Cardiovascular risk programs: developments within the Blue Cross and Blue Shield
      organization.

PMID- 3846188
TI  - Health Care Financing Administration and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Maryland
      programs.

PMID- 3846189
TI  - Providing a therapeutic milieu on an inpatient adolescent unit.

PMID- 3846190
TI  - Initial assessment and triage of the multiple injured patient.

PMID- 3846191
TI  - After the emergency is over: delayed and occult injuries in the trauma patient.

PMID- 3846193
TI  - Coping with trauma.

PMID- 3846192
TI  - Recognition and management of the alcohol dependent trauma patient.

PMID- 3846194
TI  - Nurses as policymakers: an analysis of the dynamics of power.

PMID- 3846195
TI  - The kinetic treatment table: a new approach to bed rest.

PMID- 3846196
TI  - A study of blood-drainage patterns on synthetic cast materials.

PMID- 3846197
TI  - NAON Certification Task Force literature review section summary report.

PMID- 3846199
TI  - Dosage calculation. Method and workbook.

PMID- 3846198
TI  - Single-dose versus conventional therapy of urinary tract infections in female
      adolescents.
AB  - A randomized, prospective study was done to assess the efficacy of single-dose nu
      conventional treatment of acute urinary tract infection (UTI) in female
      adolescents. Thirty-one 12- to 18-year-old female adolescents with symptoms of an
      acute UTI and a urine culture with greater than 10(5) organisms were treated with
      amoxicillin, either as a 3.0-g single dose or 250-mg three times daily for ten
      days. Urine cultures obtained three days after completing therapy in each group,
      showed bacteriologic cure rate of 69% (11/16) with single-dose treatment compared
      with a cure rate of 87% (13/15) in the conventional treatment group (P = .23).
      When patients with resistant organisms were excluded, the cure rate was 85% in
      both groups. Complete symptom resolution in less than two days after commencing
      treatment occurred in 36% of single-dose group nu none of the patients in the
      conventional-dose group. The finding has not been previously reported in single
      dose trials. Candida vaginitis occurred in 20% of the conventional-dose group nu
      none of the single-dose group. All patients in the single-dose group kept their
      first scheduled follow-up appointment, whereas 40% in the conventional group
      required reminders and rescheduling. Perfect compliance with the medication
      regimen was reported by 27% of the patients taking ten days of medicine. Although
      single-dose cure rates may not be superior to conventional-dose rates, the
      advantages of single-dose treatment include increased compliance with medication
      and follow-up, decreased side effects, and more rapid resolution of symptoms.

PMID- 3846200
TI  - Even one mistake is too many.

PMID- 3846201
TI  - Complaints. Unchartered territory.

PMID- 3846202
TI  - Sexual deviancy. Sexual healing.

PMID- 3846204
TI  - Health education. Confidence comes first.

PMID- 3846203
TI  - If only they'd told me.

PMID- 3846205
TI  - Head injury.

PMID- 3846206
TI  - No heroes, no villains.

PMID- 3846207
TI  - Where the 12-hour shift works.

PMID- 3846208
TI  - Guidelines for the ward round.

PMID- 3846209
TI  - Models and theories. Eight. Critical examination.

PMID- 3846210
TI  - Backchat. Are teachers worth more?

PMID- 3846211
TI  - Continence. Getting the whole picture.

PMID- 3846212
TI  - Continence. Preparing for the future.

PMID- 3846213
TI  - Continence. How would you manage?

PMID- 3846214
TI  - Continence. Speaking from experience.

PMID- 3846215
TI  - Continence. Speaking from experience. Keeping to a routine.

PMID- 3846216
TI  - Continence. Intermittent catheterisation for children.

PMID- 3846217
TI  - Continence. Social skills for the mentally handicapped.

PMID- 3846219
TI  - Health and media. How health hits the headlines.

PMID- 3846220
TI  - Cancer screening: failing the screen test.

PMID- 3846218
TI  - Smaller slice of the pie.

PMID- 3846221
TI  - Peer review: face to face with AIDS phobia.

PMID- 3846222
TI  - In whose interest?

PMID- 3846223
TI  - Night duty. Burning the midnight oil.

PMID- 3846224
TI  - Night duty. Out of rhythm.

PMID- 3846225
TI  - Night duty. What the nurses say.

PMID- 3846226
TI  - Cause for complaint. A question of priorities.

PMID- 3846227
TI  - Care about food. Service included.

PMID- 3846228
TI  - A shift in emphasis.

PMID- 3846229
TI  - Giving patients a say.

PMID- 3846230
TI  - Learning to live with multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3846231
TI  - The tortoise and the hare. Continuous assessment versus the exam system.

PMID- 3846232
TI  - Continuous assessment. A move in the right direction?

PMID- 3846234
TI  - The last waltz.

PMID- 3846233
TI  - Backchat. Taking control.

PMID- 3846235
TI  - That's the way the money goes.

PMID- 3846236
TI  - Safe in his hands?. Interview by Andrew Cole.

PMID- 3846237
TI  - Evolution of the species?

PMID- 3846239
TI  - Education. Setting the students free.

PMID- 3846238
TI  - Violence--the enemy within.

PMID- 3846240
TI  - Under surveillance.

PMID- 3846241
TI  - Mechanisms of self defence. The limits of suffering.

PMID- 3846242
TI  - An admission of crisis.

PMID- 3846243
TI  - Budgeting for beginners. Controlling the purse-strings.

PMID- 3846244
TI  - Temperature.

PMID- 3846245
TI  - Stepping stones.

PMID- 3846246
TI  - Systems of Life No 124. Setting up the systems--24.

PMID- 3846247
TI  - Education. Learning not to understand.

PMID- 3846248
TI  - Backchat. Look back in anger.

PMID- 3846249
TI  - Squatting in labour and left lateral births for posterior position.

PMID- 3846250
TI  - Low-birth-weight (LBW) infants.

PMID- 3846251
TI  - The nurse practitioner. 2. An unlikely setting.

PMID- 3846252
TI  - Down your way. Developing in all directions.

PMID- 3846253
TI  - Research. One awake, all awake!

PMID- 3846254
TI  - Mental handicap nursing. 2. A long-term plan.

PMID- 3846255
TI  - Management. Accountability.

PMID- 3846256
TI  - A message to midwives.

PMID- 3846257
TI  - Splinters are hurting the profession.

PMID- 3846258
TI  - Primary nursing in mental illness.

PMID- 3846259
TI  - Understanding glaucoma.

PMID- 3846260
TI  - New design for the old.

PMID- 3846261
TI  - Nurse practitioner. 3. Lifestyle equals health.

PMID- 3846262
TI  - A model of care.

PMID- 3846263
TI  - Speak out and broadcast your feelings on pay.

PMID- 3846264
TI  - Everything's on site.

PMID- 3846265
TI  - Mental handicap nursing. 3. Ten tokens to the 1 lb.

PMID- 3846266
TI  - A stretcher case?

PMID- 3846267
TI  - Anorexia nervosa in pregnancy.

PMID- 3846268
TI  - Everywoman's responsibility.

PMID- 3846269
TI  - Research series. 1. Starting the study.

PMID- 3846270
TI  - Trauma '85. Sudden death.

PMID- 3846271
TI  - Management. Reorganisation at district level.

PMID- 3846272
TI  - The nurse practitioner. 4. Responding to situations.

PMID- 3846273
TI  - Barred from a public place.

PMID- 3846274
TI  - Is the grass greener on the university campus?

PMID- 3846276
TI  - Do not underestimate yourself.

PMID- 3846275
TI  - Mental handicap nursing. 4. Programmes for progress.

PMID- 3846277
TI  - Community. Advances in non-institutional care.

PMID- 3846278
TI  - Coronary care. Don't forget to talk to them.

PMID- 3846279
TI  - Coronary care. Telling it straight.

PMID- 3846280
TI  - Nursing care study. Below-knee amputation.

PMID- 3846281
TI  - Spine-chilling statistics.

PMID- 3846283
TI  - Use of an ecologic model to identify children at risk for infection and to
      quantify the expected impact of the risk factors.

PMID- 3846282
TI  - Choosing antimicrobials. Factors to consider, available agents.
AB  - Many factors are involved in choice of an antimicrobial agent. Cost has become a
      matter of increasing concern. Of course, overall expense for the hospitalized
      patient includes costs of tests for monitoring for toxicity as well as
      administration costs, which are affected by the dosing frequency. A reasoned
      choice necessitates knowledge of the place of newer agents in the therapeutic
      armamentarium and of some new applications of well-established drugs.

PMID- 3846284
TI  - Expanding nursing's practice terrain: imperatives for future viability.

PMID- 3846285
TI  - The health fair: an effective approach to health promotion?

PMID- 3846286
TI  - A community-based support group for families and patients after acute coronary
      disease.

PMID- 3846288
TI  - Atomic motions in phenylalanine transfer RNA probed by molecular dynamics
      simulations.
AB  - A 24 psec molecular dynamics simulation of tRNAPhe reveals a very stable model
      whose average structure is close to that of the crystallographic studies. The
      root mean square atomic motions correlate very well with the thermal factors from
      crystallography and are largely determined by packing forces. These motions are
      generally more anisotropic than those seen in a molecular dynamics simulation of
      a globular protein, and the anisotropic effects are also primarily a consequence
      of packing considerations. The development and examination of molecular dynamics
      models for macromolecules is an interesting basic research problem in biophysical
      chemistry, and it is now reasonably well advanced. The more exciting tasks of
      using these models to predict experimental properties and to examine biological
      function are just beginning.

PMID- 3846287
TI  - Renin angiotensin aldosterone system, urinary prostaglandins and kallikrein in
      pregnancy induced hypertension. Evidence for a disregulation of the renin
      angiotensin-prostacyclin loop.
AB  - Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentrations were measured simultaneously
      with urinary excretion of kallikrein and four prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2 alpha, 6
      keto PFG1 alpha and TXB2) in 23 patients with pregnancy induced hypertension (17
      with permanent PIH and six with labile PIH, since in these latter their
      hypertension was controlled only by home bed rest) and in 16 normotensive
      pregnant women at the same stage of gestation (31 +/- 3 weeks). PRA was lower in
      permanent PIH than in controls and in labile PIH. No difference between the three
      groups was observed for plasma aldosterone and the urinary excretion of
      kallikrein and of the prostaglandins except that TXB2 was higher in labile PIH
      than in permanent PIH. Correlation studies of kallikrein disclosed correlations
      with most prostaglandin excretions, explained by the physiological stimulation of
      phospholipase A2 by kallidin. Correlation studies of PRA disclosed unexpected
      negative correlation with PGE2 and 6 keto PGF1 alpha in the permanent PIH group.
      In conclusion, labile PIH has a different biological profile than permanent PIH
      since they have higher PRA and higher TXB2 excretion, an association which
      suggests a more pronounced ureteral compression by the gravid uterus in this
      group. Permanent PIH has a disregulation of the renin angiotensin-prostacyclin
      loop since PRA and 6 keto PGF1 are negatively correlated. This suggests the role
      of an independent vasopressive substance which would stimulate PGI2 and suppress
      renin secretion.

PMID- 3846289
TI  - Steric and electronic factors in the reactivity of yeast tRNAPhe.

PMID- 3846291
TI  - [Children after an extracorporeal circulation procedure].

PMID- 3846290
TI  - X-ray studies on the interaction of the anticancer agent cis-[Pt(NH3)2cl2] to
      tRNAphe. A mechanism for the formation of the intrastrand cross-link to adjacent
      guanines in DNA.
AB  - The interaction of the potent anticancer agent cis-[Pt(NH3)2cl2] to phenylalanine
      tRNA from yeast has been investigated by x-ray crystallography. Two major binding
      sites were excavated from difference Fourier maps and both showed monodentate
      binding to guanine bases (G15 and G18) at N7. The expected intrastrand cross
      linked complex between adjacent guanines was not observed in tRNA. Although both
      bases G15 and G18 are in the dihydrouridine loop, they are engaged in tertiary
      base interactions viz. G15-C48 and G18-psi 56. The high C1- ion concentration in
      the crystal made the reaction sluggish and was perhaps responsible for the
      formation of only the monodentate complex. This appears to be the initial complex
      that is formed during the interaction of the Pt drug with DNA, with a subsequent
      attack of the drug on the N7 of the 5'-side guanine base to generate the expected
      intrastrand cross-linked product involving adjacent guanines. The wedge-shaped Pt
      GG complex that is formed perturbs not only the local geometry but also produces
      a kink or bend in the DNA duplex.

PMID- 3846292
TI  - [The nurse and the therapeutic environment].

PMID- 3846293
TI  - [Health education].

PMID- 3846295
TI  - [How much does health cost. 1. What is economics].

PMID- 3846294
TI  - [Changes in the profession].

PMID- 3846297
TI  - [Evaluate us, patients].

PMID- 3846296
TI  - [Medical aspects of stroke].

PMID- 3846298
TI  - [Traditional midwives].

PMID- 3846299
TI  - [Urolithiasis].

PMID- 3846300
TI  - [Anemia in pregnancy, labor and the puerperium].

PMID- 3846301
TI  - [What about nursing personnel?].

PMID- 3846302
TI  - [Improvement in the basics of health care].

PMID- 3846303
TI  - [Community health nurses. An evaluation test].

PMID- 3846304
TI  - Symposium on cardiac diseases: advances in prevention, diagnosis, and management.

PMID- 3846305
TI  - Recent advances in the management of chronic heart failure.
AB  - A number of newer therapeutic agents are available for the treatment of
      refractory heart failure. These agents possess either vasodilating, positive
      inotropic, or combined vasodilating and inotropic properties. In appropriate
      subsets of patients, these agents have the potential to produce clinical
      improvement and improvement in cardiac function.

PMID- 3846306
TI  - Preventive cardiology for coronary artery disease.
AB  - Primary and secondary risk factors and prevention strategies for coronary artery
      disease are reviewed. Cigarette smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, heredity,
      diabetes mellitus, obesity, beta blockades, and coronary artery bypass surgery
      are some of the topics discussed.

PMID- 3846307
TI  - Familial cardiovascular risk factors: diagnosis and management in the young.
AB  - Risk factors for the development and progression of coronary atherosclerosis,
      hypertension, and cerebrovascular diseases are found in more than 10 per cent of
      children and adolescents in the United States. This article presents the criteria
      for the diagnosis of three of these risk conditions--dyslipidemia, hypertension,
      and obesity--and it reviews principles and specifics of their management in young
      people.

PMID- 3846308
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - Mitral valve prolapse, diagnosed by auscultation of typical midsystolic clicks
      and late systolic murmurs or by echocardiographic demonstration of definite
      systolic protrusion of the mitral leaflets into the left atrium, is the commonest
      human abnormality of heart valves, affecting roughly 4 per cent of the
      population. The most important clinical features of mitral valve prolapse include
      palpitations and small but definite risks of infective endocarditis or
      significant mitral regurgitation in middle age, or later. Current evidence
      suggests that mitral prolapse is due to an inherited abnormality in connective
      tissue, which causes thoracic bony abnormalities and reduced body weight and
      blood pressure, in addition to the changes in the mitral valve.

PMID- 3846309
TI  - Differential diagnosis of chest pain.
AB  - The article is organized to approximate the process of problem solving that most
      physicians use to make a diagnosis in patients who complain of chest pain.
      Initially, the presenting symptom suggests several diagnostic possibilities.
      Additional, more specific, historic findings, physical findings, and the results
      of diagnostic studies further define and reduce the initial diagnostic list.

PMID- 3846310
TI  - Nurse refuses to treat: moral, ethical, legal dilemma.

PMID- 3846311
TI  - X-ray machine falls on patient: nurses' liability issue. Case in point: Carter v.
      Anderson Memorial Hosp. (325 S.E. 2d 78--SC).

PMID- 3846312
TI  - Surgical sponge found 14 yrs, later: nurses sued. Case in point: Melendez v. Beal
      (683 S.W. 2d 869--TK).

PMID- 3846313
TI  - An approach to modifying self-report instruments.
AB  - The Rasch model, a simple latent trait model was applied to responses to a 21
      item self-report instrument. Items were assigned values reflective of interval
      scale measurement. To modify the instrument, items below the calibrated mean were
      eliminated. The proposed revision contains fewer items with known scale values
      and only those items that are the strongest indicants of the variable in
      question. The present work suggests that the Rasch and similar models are useful
      for increasing the measurement properties of self-report instruments.

PMID- 3846314
TI  - Parents' beliefs about themselves as parents of a new infant: instrument
      development.
AB  - The instrument, What Being the Parent of a New Baby is Like (WPL), was designed
      to assess parental experiences and self-images which are likely to influence
      problem-solving concerning their infants. Forty-nine mothers responded to the
      questionnaire on three separate occasions during the infants' first 3 months.
      These data were the basis for a preliminary examination of the item
      characteristics, reliability (internal consistency), and validity. The pattern of
      responses to the WPL was in the expected direction for a sample of mothers who,
      on the whole, functioned well as parents. Principal components factor analysis
      with iteration and varimax orthogonal rotation identified two variables
      (centrality of the infant and success in parenting) that together accounted for
      60.1% of the variance; adequate internal consistency for success and modest
      internal consistency for centrality were demonstrated. Use of the Neonatal
      Perception and Degree of Bother Inventories demonstrated divergent validity.
      Expected parity differences tested the known groups technique of construct
      validity. The significant relationship between success and a measure of parents'
      perceptions of their problem-solving skills demonstrated concurrent validity.
      Further testing of WPL with added items on larger and more heterogeneous samples
      is warranted.

PMID- 3846315
TI  - Relationship of health locus of control to lifestyle change programs.
AB  - The relationship of health locus of control (HLC) scores to changes in physical
      parameters of 339 participants in a lifestyle change program was examined.
      Physical parameters included weight, blood pressure, low density lipoproteins,
      triglycerides, and the ratio between cholesterol and high density lipoproteins.
      Data were collected on admission and on completion of the 24-day residential
      program, and at a 6-month followup. There were significant changes in HLC scores
      (p less than .001) from admission to discharge. Weight changes at 6 months were
      positively correlated with admission HLC composite scores (p less than .01) and
      chance dimension (p less than .05) scores. There were negative correlations at 6
      months between admission powerful other scores and changes in triglycerides (p
      less than .01) and changes in the ratio of cholesterol and high density lipids (p
      less than .01).

PMID- 3846316
TI  - Predictors of acute confusional states in hospitalized elderly patients.
AB  - Development of two models for predicting acute confusional states in elderly post
      surgical hip-fracture patients is described. Admission variables were used in the
      first model to predict confusion in the first five postoperative days; treatment
      and clinical progress data were added for the second model to predict on a day-to
      day basis. The main sample was 170 patients from four hospitals (M age = 78.8)
      with no prior history of mental impairment. Over half (51.5%) evidenced some
      confusion postoperatively. Three variables were significant in the admission
      model: age, errors on a mental status test, and level of pre-injury activity. Age
      and test errors remained significant in the daily model and urine elimination
      problems were added, but the strongest predictor was the previous day's confusion
      score. When that effect was removed, pain, narcotics, and mobility emerged as
      important predictors. Validity testing suggested that the three admission factors
      were core predictors of acute confusional states.

PMID- 3846317
TI  - The influence of discourse on collaboration among nurses, physicians, and
      consumers.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine whether ongoing discussion among nurses,
      physicians, and consumers influenced their collaborative beliefs and behavior. A
      stratified experimental sample of 72 professionals and consumers met in small,
      multidisciplinary groups on a monthly basis for 2 years to discuss health care
      relationships. Prior to the onset of these groups, and after their conclusion,
      the experimental sample, a randomly selected control group of 72 persons, and a
      matched control group of 72 persons all completed the Management of Differences
      Exercise, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales, and the Health
      Role Expectations Index. Contrary to predictions, the experimental group (M = 
      6.85) declined more than controls (M = -4.63, p less than .05) in their beliefs
      regarding the value of shared versus physician-dominated responsibility for
      health care and increased more (M = 1.58 versus M = -.53, p less than .007) in
      their beliefs that powerful individuals such as physicians influence the
      consumer's health status. Results indicate that ongoing discourse may have
      enhanced traditional, status quo beliefs regarding the authority and power of the
      physician rather than fostering collaborative values.

PMID- 3846318
TI  - Accuracy of indirect measures of medication compliance in hypertension.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to identify the most accurate indirect measure of
      medication compliance in primary hypertension through comparison with a recently
      developed direct measure of the antihypertensive agent, hydrochlorothiazide. A
      convenience sample of 40 subjects was seen by the investigator twice in an office
      setting and once in their homes. Data were collected by an interview schedule,
      blood pressure measurement, pill counts, urine analysis, and hospital record
      review. Patient interview was the most sensitive and accurate measure of
      compliance; this measure correctly classified 85% of patients as to compliant or
      noncompliant.

PMID- 3846319
TI  - Child-rearing, marital, recreational and work role integration and climacteric
      symptoms in midlife women.
AB  - This study investigated relationships between the roles women enact during
      midlife and the frequency and severity of symptoms they report at the
      climacteric. A sample of 185 healthy, middle-aged women completed measures
      assessing climacteric symptoms, adjustment to the marital role, and degree of
      participation in child-rearing, recreational, and work roles. Findings indicated
      that the more roles women enact, the less likely they are to experience
      climacteric symptoms. Adjustment to the marital role and an active recreational
      role were the best predictors of infrequent and mild climacteric symptoms. The
      number of hours worked was negatively related to recreational involvement and
      marital role adjustment but did not relate to climacteric symptoms. The child
      rearing role was not related to symptoms. These findings indicate that successful
      marital adaptation and active role participation may be significantly related to
      diminished climacteric symptoms formation of midlife women.

PMID- 3846321
TI  - Continuing education update: chapters where are you?

PMID- 3846320
TI  - Impact of a husband's chronic illness (COPD) on the spouse's life.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine the impact of a husband's chronic illness
      on the spouse's life. The sample was 76 married women, 46 whose husbands had a
      diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 30 whose husbands
      did not have a chronic illness. On a mailed questionnaire wives of COPD patients
      reported higher subjective stress (p = .032) and lower life satisfaction (p =
      .006) than the wives whose husbands did not have a chronic illness. The COPD
      wives assumed more new roles and responsibilities, relinquished more social
      activities, rated their health lower, and reported less frequent marital
      relations. Implications for future research are addressed.

PMID- 3846322
TI  - Spasticity: a consideration in rehabilitation of the elderly.

PMID- 3846323
TI  - The gerontological nurse specialist in rehabilitation settings.

PMID- 3846324
TI  - Interventions for the elderly amputee.

PMID- 3846326
TI  - A concept of self-care for the rehabilitation client.

PMID- 3846325
TI  - Assessing for perceptual clarity: closing the gap between theory and practice.

PMID- 3846327
TI  - Green dot program.

PMID- 3846328
TI  - [When the child appears...].

PMID- 3846330
TI  - [Suicide].

PMID- 3846329
TI  - [State of mind of a nurse].

PMID- 3846331
TI  - [Emergencies. Nursing care in a multidisciplinary team].

PMID- 3846332
TI  - [Hemiplegia].

PMID- 3846333
TI  - [Drugs and pregnancy (1)].

PMID- 3846334
TI  - [Shunt and Le Veen valve. Interview by Madeleine Clave].

PMID- 3846335
TI  - [Students' opinions on their education].

PMID- 3846336
TI  - [Health and life milieu...today].

PMID- 3846337
TI  - [Help! Following Marie-France...].

PMID- 3846339
TI  - [Abdominal massage: therapy for the control of chronic constipation].

PMID- 3846338
TI  - [Help! Do you have a nose...].

PMID- 3846340
TI  - [Coordinated program for cardiorespiratory arrest].

PMID- 3846341
TI  - [Diet in digestive system diseases. II].

PMID- 3846342
TI  - [Transportation of accident victims and medical emergencies].

PMID- 3846343
TI  - [Headache].

PMID- 3846344
TI  - [Nutrition in a geriatric hospital unit].

PMID- 3846345
TI  - [Discussion on specialties].

PMID- 3846346
TI  - [Vascular pathology].

PMID- 3846347
TI  - Why I'm superstitious about nurse's curses.

PMID- 3846348
TI  - Can others take over when you take off?

PMID- 3846349
TI  - Patient's advocate. When you know the doctor is wrong.

PMID- 3846350
TI  - What to do after CPR: use ABGs to fine-tune resuscitation.

PMID- 3846351
TI  - RN master care plan. Correcting acid-base imbalance.

PMID- 3846352
TI  - Emergency! Dealing with drownings.

PMID- 3846353
TI  - Pumps that bolster a failing heart.

PMID- 3846354
TI  - What it's really like to work in an ambulatory care center.

PMID- 3846355
TI  - When the patient has the "other" diabetes.

PMID- 3846357
TI  - Legally speaking. What you need to pin down a job offer.

PMID- 3846356
TI  - Making life bearable for your chronic ICU patient.

PMID- 3846358
TI  - [Xylocaine].

PMID- 3846359
TI  - [Bladder catheterization for cytobacteriologic urine analysis].

PMID- 3846360
TI  - [Ocular herpes].

PMID- 3846361
TI  - [Genital herpes].

PMID- 3846362
TI  - [Neonatal herpes simplex infections].

PMID- 3846363
TI  - [Zona].

PMID- 3846364
TI  - [Varicella].

PMID- 3846365
TI  - [Superinfected varicella].

PMID- 3846366
TI  - [Reforms in continuing professional education (1)].

PMID- 3846368
TI  - [Atarax].

PMID- 3846367
TI  - [Class delegates. Round table].

PMID- 3846369
TI  - [The pleasure of breaking away or drama activities at Georges Heuyer's].

PMID- 3846370
TI  - [Approach to the body through 2 experiences of cosmetology and hair dressing].

PMID- 3846371
TI  - [Role of the clinical psychologist in the admission of patients at the Georges
      Heuyer Clinic].

PMID- 3846372
TI  - [The relationship between the nurse's aide and the psychotic adolescent].

PMID- 3846373
TI  - [Impressions of a resident who went through there...].

PMID- 3846374
TI  - ["I play normal"].

PMID- 3846375
TI  - [Detour via philosophy: from the emotional to the rational].

PMID- 3846377
TI  - [The writing-photography workshop].

PMID- 3846376
TI  - [Reflections apropos of teaching history and geography].

PMID- 3846378
TI  - [Place of recreation in the nurse's role at the Georges Heuyer Clinic].

PMID- 3846379
TI  - [Tegretol].

PMID- 3846380
TI  - [Occupational mental pathology. Situational pseudoneuroses and reactional
      asthenias].

PMID- 3846382
TI  - [Time to work--time to live. Recreation as an antipollutant for the mind].

PMID- 3846381
TI  - [Psychopathology of social hypersecurity].

PMID- 3846383
TI  - [The health enterprise and the health of enterprises. An introduction to texts on
      the psychology of work].

PMID- 3846384
TI  - [The mental burden of work].

PMID- 3846385
TI  - [Dance-therapy at the Georges Heuyer Clinic].

PMID- 3846386
TI  - [Psychopathology of work, of unemployment and of retirement].

PMID- 3846387
TI  - [Aldactone].

PMID- 3846388
TI  - [Treatment of mitral cardiopathies. 2. Indications].

PMID- 3846389
TI  - [Treatment of mitral cardiomyopathies. 3. Gynecologic-obstetric prevention and
      treatment].

PMID- 3846391
TI  - [Treatment of mitral cardiomyopathies. 1. Therapeutic modalities].

PMID- 3846390
TI  - [Mitral valve cardiopathy. The case of Mrs. M...].

PMID- 3846392
TI  - [Relations between the patient care team and the patient's family in the heart of
      a high-technology unit].

PMID- 3846393
TI  - [Mucoviscidosis. African aspects].

PMID- 3846394
TI  - [Functional pathology of the bile ducts].

PMID- 3846395
TI  - [Biliary lithiasis and its complications].

PMID- 3846396
TI  - [The kallikrein-kinin system in chronic respiratory insufficiency].

PMID- 3846397
TI  - [From MBO-V (intermediate professional nursing education) to MDGO-Vp
      (intermediate health service and health care education-nursing). Two
      administrative officials on intermediate professional education for nursing.
      Interview by M. Sprengers and A. Versteege].

PMID- 3846398
TI  - [Physiotherapy in mental retardation].

PMID- 3846399
TI  - [Nursing science: a doctoral program at the Limburg State University in
      Maastricht].

PMID- 3846400
TI  - [The micro-task field and the meso-task field in nursing. Developments in methods
      and systems of nursing. III].

PMID- 3846401
TI  - [This is how patients can feel. The heaven promised to her].

PMID- 3846402
TI  - [Professionals and semiprofessionals. Men's and women's affairs].

PMID- 3846403
TI  - [Radiation protection and nursing actions].

PMID- 3846404
TI  - [Professionalization and cost control. A figurative dilemma].

PMID- 3846405
TI  - [Recognition of certificates in the European Community. An account from Brussels
      IV from the Advisory Committee for education in the field of nursing].

PMID- 3846406
TI  - [Medical information for nurses. Risks for the surgical patient].

PMID- 3846407
TI  - Decreased urinary active and inactive kallikrein by chronic infusion of
      vasopressin in conscious rats.
AB  - To assess possible interactions of circulating vasopressin with the synthesis or
      activation of renal kallikrein, we studied the effect of chronic infusion of
      vasopressin (7.2 U/kg/day i.p.) for 6 days on the urinary excretion of total and
      active kallikrein in conscious rats. We determined urinary total, active and
      inactive kallikrein by measuring kallikrein activity using a kininogenase assay
      before and after the treatment with trypsin (200 micrograms/ml). Chronic infusion
      of vasopressin induced sustained decreases in urinary total, active and inactive
      kallikrein excretion, but did not affect the ratio of active to total kallikrein.
      The infusion of vasopressin induced significant increases in circulating levels
      of vasopressin (248.1 +/- 35.2 pg/ml in vasopressin-infused rats (n = 7) compared
      to 95.5 +/- 14.6 pg/ml in vehicle-infused rats (n = 7), p less than 0.001) and in
      weight gain (39.6 +/- 1.3 g in vasopressin-infused rats (n = 7) compared to 29.1
      +/- 3.3 g in vehicle-infused rats (n = 7), p less than 0.05), and also sustained
      decreases in water intake and urine volume, but it did not induce any change in
      urinary sodium excretion. Circulating levels of angiotensin II was decreased by
      chronic infusion of vasopressin. Thus, the present study suggests that the
      elevation of circulating vasopressin levels induces a decrease in the synthesis
      of renal kallikrein.

PMID- 3846408
TI  - Femoral-popliteal graft surgery saves limbs.

PMID- 3846409
TI  - Radiation treatments fight cancer. Endocuritherapy Rx.

PMID- 3846410
TI  - A diagnostic tool: shoulder joint arthroscopy.

PMID- 3846411
TI  - O.R. recruits need a hand.

PMID- 3846412
TI  - What am I doing here?

PMID- 3846413
TI  - A glimpse of psychiatric nursing in China.

PMID- 3846414
TI  - CAMC decentralizes nursing services.

PMID- 3846415
TI  - A case of the caregiver needing care.

PMID- 3846416
TI  - President's address: "Of caterpillars, butterflies and trees full of stars".

PMID- 3846417
TI  - Designation of Alberta psychiatric units changes for 1985 or 1986?

PMID- 3846418
TI  - One concept of geriatric rehabilitation nursing.

PMID- 3846420
TI  - Sharpening treatment for closed intramedullary nailing.

PMID- 3846419
TI  - Dr. Kathryn May. Interview by Eve Henderson.

PMID- 3846421
TI  - Who will become the preferred providers?

PMID- 3846422
TI  - Hidden depression.

PMID- 3846423
TI  - Early postpartum discharge.

PMID- 3846424
TI  - Painful chronicle.

PMID- 3846425
TI  - A pacemaker primer.

PMID- 3846426
TI  - Diagnosing nutrition problems.

PMID- 3846427
TI  - A cancer center's outreach.

PMID- 3846428
TI  - At issue: titling and licensure.

PMID- 3846429
TI  - Nosocomial infections among patients in a long-term care facility: spectrum,
      prevalence, and risk factors.
AB  - During a 6-month period data were collected on 460 patients residing on the long
      term care division of this 1200-bed county hospital. The purpose was to determine
      prevalence and spectrum and to identify risk factors for skin infections, urinary
      tract infections, respiratory infections, and sepsis. Overall, the prevalence of
      nosocomial infections among 460 patients was 12%. Patients with infections had an
      average of 2.8 diagnoses of their underlying disease compared to patients without
      infections, who only had 1.8 diagnoses. Specific risk factors were identified.
      Skin infections were more common in patients who were nonambulatory, diabetic,
      malnourished, and incontinent of urine and feces, whereas respiratory infections
      were more common in patients who were smokers or had chronic obstructive lung
      disease and had not received pneumococcal vaccine. Thirteen percent of patients
      with an indwelling urinary catheter had symptomatic urinary tract infections,
      whereas 100% had asymptomatic bacteriuria.

PMID- 3846430
TI  - Surveillance by objective: a new priority-directed approach to the control of
      nosocomial infections. The National Foundation for Infectious Diseases lecture.

PMID- 3846431
TI  - An integrated approach to liability.

PMID- 3846433
TI  - Judge dismisses ANA/INA wage suit.

PMID- 3846434
TI  - Occupational health groups seek licensure in 26 states.

PMID- 3846432
TI  - Commission rejects comparable worth, blames socialization.

PMID- 3846435
TI  - Nurse uses news media to tell nation about nursing research.

PMID- 3846436
TI  - Important issues await delegates meeting in July.

PMID- 3846438
TI  - Proposed amendments to the ANA bylaws.

PMID- 3846437
TI  - Certification allows nurses to show their competence.

PMID- 3846439
TI  - Pulmonary elastase activity in response to Streptococcus pneumoniae and
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Elastase activity generated during lung defense against aerobic bacteria was
      studied in an animal model. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from hamsters
      inoculated with bacteria was assayed for elastase activity at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h
      after inoculation using a synthetic substrate of elastase, succinyl-trialanine
      nitroanilide (SLAPN). Streptococcus pneumoniae type 25 inoculation led to a peak
      elastase activity of 0.72 +/- 0.27 X 10(-3) units, not significantly different
      from baseline (0.41 +/- 0.08 X 10(-3) units) or saline control (0.33 +/- 0.18 X
      10(-3) units). In contrast, inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO-1
      (a species known to produce elastase as well as other virulence factors) produced
      peak elastase activity of 3.0 +/- 1.2 X 10(-3) units in BAL fluid, significantly
      higher than either pneumococcus type 25 or saline control (p less than 0.025).
      Inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain E-64, an isogenic mutant of PAO-1
      that produces a nonfunctional elastase, led to peak levels similar to the PAO-1
      strain, suggesting that the presence of bacterial elastase was not the primary
      factor in BAL fluid elastase activity. Total numbers of granulocytes in BAL fluid
      from pneumococcus-inoculated animals (144 +/- 31 X 10(6] was significantly higher
      (p less than 0.05) than from either the PAO-1 (74 +/- 31 X 10(6] or E-64 (99 +/-
      27 X 10(6] strains of Pseudomonas, Use of selective enzyme inhibitors of
      elastase, diisopropyl fluorophosphate and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate,
      implied that the majority of elastase activity in BAL fluid was due to a serine
      protease, of which granulocyte elastase is the primary source.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3846440
TI  - The wellness model. Feeling good about you.

PMID- 3846441
TI  - Managing stress in the OR. A collaborative approach.

PMID- 3846442
TI  - Alcohol abuse. One nurse's personal battle.

PMID- 3846443
TI  - Home study program. The biological process of rejection and immunosuppression.

PMID- 3846444
TI  - Organ graft rejection. The biological process.

PMID- 3846445
TI  - A caring approach to the pediatric myringotomy patient.

PMID- 3846446
TI  - Libraries offer lifelong learning. Interview by Kathleen Justice.

PMID- 3846447
TI  - A tutorial on the AN 69 polyacrylonitrile membrane.

PMID- 3846448
TI  - An introduction to physical assessment for the nephrology nurse.

PMID- 3846449
TI  - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration: an alternative to standard hemodialysis
      in unstable patients.

PMID- 3846450
TI  - An investigation of the relationship between social support and compliance of
      hemodialysis patients.

PMID- 3846451
TI  - Nephrology nursing consult: case study. Pancytopenia.

PMID- 3846452
TI  - Why pediatric nephrology nursing?

PMID- 3846453
TI  - The effects of vanadate on rabbit ventricular muscle adenylate cyclase and sodium
      pump activities.
AB  - Vanadate in the +5 oxidation state has been reported to have a positive inotropic
      action on cardiac ventricular muscle. We have investigated the biochemical
      actions of vanadate on ventricular muscle adenylate cyclase and sodium pump
      activities in both intact or disrupted cell systems in an attempt to elucidate
      the mechanism(s) responsible for the physiological response. Vanadate at
      concentrations up to 100 microM (Ka = 2 microM) stimulated adenylate cyclase
      activity in sarcolemmal membrane preparations or disrupted myocytes isolated from
      rabbit ventricular muscle by 2-3-fold. Increasing the vanadate concentrations
      above 100 microM resulted in a progressive inhibition of basal or hormone
      stimulated adenylate cyclase activity (Ki = 5 mM) which was similar to that found
      by the reaction product, pyrophosphate (Ki = 0.5 mM). Both activation and
      inhibition by vanadate was fully reversible. Maximum activation of adenylate
      cyclase by vanadate and isoprenaline were not additive whereas maximum fluoride
      activation was decreased (18%) and the forskolin-stimulated response was slightly
      potentiated. Vanadate reversibly inhibited ouabain-sensitive p
      nitrophenylphosphatase activity (Ki = 60 nM) in sarcolemmal membrane preparations
      and disrupted myocytes. Complete inactivation was found at 1 microM vanadate.
      Acute or chronic incubation of intact myocytes with vanadate at concentrations up
      to 0.5 mM had no measurable affect on ouabain-sensitive 86Rb influx or
      isobutylmethylxanthine, isoprenaline or forskolin-stimulated accumulation of
      intracellular cAMP concentration. Inhibition of 86Rb influx and cAMP accumulation
      was found at higher concentrations of vanadate; however, this accompanied the
      progressive decrease in cell viability as measured by the decrease in percentage
      of rod-shaped cells. It is concluded that vanadate, at concentrations which have
      been reported to induce a positive inotropic action on mammalian ventricular
      muscle, does not increase adenylate cyclase activity or inhibit the sodium pump
      activity in intact myocytes. These results show that caution must be applied when
      extrapolating the actions found with vanadate in broken cell systems to intact
      tissues.

PMID- 3846454
TI  - Effects of lysophosphatidic acids and their structural analogs on arterial blood
      pressure of cats.
AB  - On intravenous injection into cats, lysophosphatidic acid elicited a biphasic
      change in arterial blood pressure: sharp hypotension followed immediately by
      hypertension. Respiration was greatly disturbed immediately after injection of
      lysophosphatidic acid, and remained stimulated for a long period, and the heart
      rate increased during the period of hypertension. Unsaturated lysophosphatidic
      acids were more potent in evoking hypertension than saturated ones. The
      hypotensive activity of 1-palmitoyl-2-0-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate was about
      half that of 1-palmitoyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid).
      Elongation of the acyl chain at the sn-2-position of the glycerol moiety resulted
      in progressive reduction in the hypotensive activity. Chemically modified analogs
      with a head group, such as phosphoryl-methanol, ethanol, propanol and choline,
      had little or no activity. However, sn-2-acetyl-analogs of lyso-phosphatidyl
      cholines had hypotensive activity. 1-0-Hexadecyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphate,
      an alkyl-lyso-phosphatidic acid, had much stronger hypotensive activity than the
      corresponding acyl-lysophosphatidic acid, like its sn-2-0-acetyl analog. These
      structure-activity relationships of lysophosphatidic acids indicate the existence
      of their specific binding sites on cardiovascular cells.

PMID- 3846455
TI  - Cross-linking of actin to myosin subfragment 1: course of reaction and
      stoichiometry of products.
AB  - The cross-linking of actin to myosin subfragment 1 (S-1) with 1-ethyl-3-[3
      (dimethyl-amino)propyl]carbodiimide was reexamined by using two cross-linking
      procedures [Mornet, D., Bertrand, R., Pantel, P., Audemard, E., & Kassab, R.
      (1981) Nature (London) 292, 301-306; Sutoh, K. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 1579-1585]
      and two independent methods for quantitating the reaction products. In the first
      approach, the cross-linked acto-S-1 complexes were cleaved with elastase at the
      25K/50K and 50K/22K junctions in S-1. This enabled direct measurements of the
      cross-linked and un-cross-linked fractions of the 50K and 22K fragments of S-1.
      We found that in all cases actin was preferentially cross-linked to the 22K
      fragment and that the overall stoichiometry of the main cross-linked products was
      that of a 1:1 complex of actin and S-1. In the second approach, actin was cross
      linked to tryptically cleaved S-1, and the course of these reactions was
      monitored by measuring the decay of the free 50K and 20K fragments and the
      formation of cross-linked products. After selecting the optimal cross-linking
      procedure and conditions, we determined that the rate of actin cross-linking to
      the 20K fragment of S-1 was 3-fold faster than the reaction with the 50K peptide.
      The overall rate of cross-linking actin to S-1 corresponded to the sum of the
      individual reactions of the 50K and 20K fragments, indicating their mutually
      exclusive cross-linking to actin. Thus, the reactions with tryptically cleaved S
      1 were consistent with the 1:1 stoichiometry of actin and S-1 in the main cross
      linked products and verified the preferential cross-linking of actin to the 20K
      fragment of S-1. These results are discussed in the context of the binding of
      actin to S-1.

PMID- 3846456
TI  - Aminoacylation of anticodon loop substituted yeast tyrosine transfer RNA.
AB  - A procedure for replacing residues 33-35 in the anticodon loop of yeast tRNATyr
      with any desired oligonucleotide has been developed. The three residues were
      removed by partial ribonuclease A digestion. An oligonucleotide was inserted into
      the gap in four steps by using RNA ligase, polynucleotide kinase, and pseT 1
      polynucleotide kinase. The rate of aminoacylation of anticodon loop substituted
      tRNATyr by yeast tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase was found to depend upon the sequence of
      the oligonucleotide inserted. This suggests that the nucleotides in the anticodon
      loop of yeast tRNATyr are required for optimal aminoacylation. In addition,
      tRNATyr modified to have a phenylalanine anticodon was shown to be misacylated by
      yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase at a rate at least 10 times faster than
      unmodified tRNATyr. Thus, the anticodon is used by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase
      to distinguish between tRNAs.

PMID- 3846457
TI  - Studies on platelet surface carbohydrates in normal and uraemic platelets using
      125I-labelled lectins.
AB  - Binding studies with six different purified 125I-labelled lectins, concanavalin A
      (con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Ricinus communis agglutinin II (RCA II),
      Dolichos biflorus (DB), Tetranolobus purpureus (TP) and P-phyto-hemagglutinin (P
      PHA), were used to investigate the surface topography of carbohydrates in
      platelets from uraemic and normal subjects. Compared with normal the uraemic
      platelets, bear significantly decreased (more than 2.5-fold) numbers of receptors
      for P-PHA (N-acetyl D-galactosamine specificity) and Con A (specificity glucose,
      mannose). The number of WGA, RCA, II, DB and TP receptors in uraemic platelets
      did not differ from the number in normal platelets. Binding studies with 125I
      labelled lectins provide further evidence of molecular defects in uraemic
      platelets. Moreover, this method might provide a fast and reliable technique for
      identifying abnormalities in the surface topography of carbohydrates on platelets
      in several pathological states.

PMID- 3846458
TI  - Hairy cell leukemia associated with carcinoma: report of two patients and review
      of the literature.
AB  - The association of carcinoma and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) in two patients is
      recorded. One of the cases was a 58-year-old male who developed carcinoma of the
      kidney, while the second patient was a 48-year-old woman with carcinoma in the
      breast. This rare association is probably coincidental, as it is not described in
      most of the larger reported series of patients with HCL. It is of interest to
      note that the first patient had received radiation therapy thirty years before
      the diagnosis of HCL and carcinoma was made.

PMID- 3846459
TI  - Protein C antigen in prothrombin complex concentrates: content, recovery and half
      life.
AB  - Protein C, a potent anticoagulant, has been detected in large amounts in some
      prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC). We extended these findings to eight PCC
      commercially available in West Germany detecting 0.82 to 1.92 plasma equivalent
      units of protein C antigen (PC:Ag) per unit factor IX. Infusion of PCC in four
      patients on stable oral anticoagulation resulted in a recovery of 58.6 +/- 10.9%.
      Estimated from the decrease in plasma levels of PC:Ag half life was 7.9 +/- 0.6
      h.

PMID- 3846460
TI  - Assessment of elastase-induced structural and functional changes in sheep lungs.
AB  - A large-animal model of elastase-induced emphysema is being developed, which
      permits the evaluation of corresponding changes in lung structure and function
      under controlled conditions. Varying doses of elastase were instilled
      intrabronchially into the lower right lobes of 12 sheep. Changes in regional
      distribution of lung perfusion (Q) and ventilation (V), corrected for lung
      volume, were determined from in vivo measurements with radioactive Tc-99m MAA, Kr
      81m and Xe-127, respectively, before and four weeks after elastase treatment.
      Lung injury was assessed by histological examinations of tissue removed post
      mortem. A positive correlation (r = 0.74; p less than 0.01) was observed between
      the dose of instilled elastase (range: 800-8,000 units) and a reduction in Q. A
      decrease in Q also correlated significantly (r = 0.63; p less than 0.05) with an
      increase in alveolar mean linear intercept (Lm). V also decreased with increasing
      dose of elastase and with increasing Lm, but the results did not attain
      statistical significance. These results suggest that computer analysis of
      regional Q and V by radionuclide imaging techniques represents a reliable,
      sensitive and non-invasive means of assessing elastase-induced pulmonary injury
      in the sheep.

PMID- 3846461
TI  - Pesticide poisoning: a California problem.

PMID- 3846462
TI  - Health care for all by the year 2000.

PMID- 3846463
TI  - How to rate the class you take. 2.

PMID- 3846464
TI  - Protecting our elderly.

PMID- 3846465
TI  - Ethical decision-making. Keeping track of acuity.

PMID- 3846466
TI  - Ethical decision-making. Principles: veracity and confidentiality.

PMID- 3846467
TI  - Keeping pace with the job.

PMID- 3846468
TI  - Geriatric care in Sweden. Interview by Yvonne Baginski.

PMID- 3846469
TI  - Life began at 55.

PMID- 3846470
TI  - Ethical decision making. Opening the door to ethical discussion.

PMID- 3846471
TI  - Ethical decision-making: the principle of utility.

PMID- 3846472
TI  - Nursing's public image: what they see versus what you know.

PMID- 3846473
TI  - The time is ripe.

PMID- 3846474
TI  - Agoraphobia.

PMID- 3846475
TI  - Specializing in nursing: some Canadian issues.

PMID- 3846477
TI  - Using kardex cards to improve the quality of patient care.

PMID- 3846476
TI  - Specialization and certification: a review of CNA's activities.

PMID- 3846478
TI  - Infertile couples: alone in a crowd.

PMID- 3846479
TI  - Waiting. Waiting. Waiting. The 'patient' experience.

PMID- 3846480
TI  - A new role for community nurses in geriatric care.

PMID- 3846481
TI  - You and the law. 'But I'm allergic to penicillin'.

PMID- 3846482
TI  - Nursing care of patients treated with intrapleural tetracycline for control of
      malignant pleural effusion.

PMID- 3846483
TI  - The role of the nurse in the early detection of cervical carcinoma in a
      developing country.

PMID- 3846484
TI  - Radiation therapy and nurses' fears of radiation exposure.

PMID- 3846485
TI  - Malpractice crisis continues--Part one. Cancer nursing and the law.

PMID- 3846486
TI  - Primary nursing in childhood cancer as applied in Israel.

PMID- 3846487
TI  - Choosing a school.

PMID- 3846488
TI  - Putting education in perspective.

PMID- 3846489
TI  - Adjusting to academia: hints for RN's returning to school.

PMID- 3846490
TI  - Leukocyte complement: interleukin-like properties of factor Bb.
AB  - It has been previously shown that the activated form of Factor B (Factor Bb) of
      the alternative pathway of complement activation stimulates monocyte spreading
      and killing of xenogenic erythrocytes and staphylococci. Factor Bb also
      stimulates lymphocyte blastogenesis in vitro, and native (uncleaved) Factor B is
      a major constitutive product of murine macrophages. To evaluate the possible
      "monokine" or "lymphokine"-like properties of Factor Bb, a radioimmunoassay was
      developed to measure the quantities of Factor B in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)
      mitogen-stimulated cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
      Nonstimulated mononuclear cell cultures from human peripheral blood (containing
      10-14% monocytes and greater than 85% lymphocytes) at a density of 3 X 10(6)
      cells/ml (in serum-free medium) released less than 7 X 10(-10) M/liter (60 ng/ml)
      of Factor B antigen in 24 hr at 37 degrees C, and when mononuclear cells were
      stimulated with PHA mitogen in serum-free medium, the levels of Factor B antigen
      in media at 24 hr were significantly higher 1-3 X 10(-8) M/liter (0.9-2.8
      micrograms/ml). The molecular size of Factor B in these media was 50-65 kDa by
      immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, a size appropriate for Factor Bb (60 kDa). Since pathological
      effects of macrophages in autoimmune disease may result from the release of
      lysosomal hydrolases, the effects of purified Factor Bb on mononuclear phagocytes
      were investigated in an in vitro system of murine peritoneal exudate macrophages.
      Factor Bb induced secretion of marker lysosomal hydrolases N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase (hexosaminidase) and beta-glucuronidase from thioglycollate
      elicited murine peritoneal exudate macrophages in a dose-response and kinetic
      manner. Hydrolase release was induced in serum-free medium without a known
      particulate activator at a concentration of 80-200 nM (5-13 micrograms/ml) Factor
      Bb. Maximal release occurred in 3-5 hr at 37 degrees C and extracellular enzyme
      activity of hexosaminidase and glucuronidase increased as intracellular enzyme
      levels decreased, suggesting that Factor Bb triggers release of these enzymes
      from intracellular lysosomal pools. These results provide an example of a
      complement protein which is synthesized, released, and activated during
      mononuclear cell culture and which induces release of lysosomal enzymes from
      macrophages. In conventional terminology, Factor B or Factor Bb might be termed a
      "lymphokine," "monokine," or "interleukin".

PMID- 3846491
TI  - Guideline for pediatric dosing.

PMID- 3846492
TI  - [Supervision on midwives in the rural areas].

PMID- 3846493
TI  - [Meticulous care for patients after cesarean section].

PMID- 3846494
TI  - [Experience in the care of a patient with locked-in syndrome].

PMID- 3846496
TI  - [Pre- and postoperative care of patients with scoliosis].

PMID- 3846497
TI  - [Nursing of patients undergoing transplantation of the pedicled greater omentum
      to the brain].

PMID- 3846495
TI  - [Mini-catheters for guiding intravenous infusion in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3846498
TI  - [Psychological care of the pregnant woman].

PMID- 3846499
TI  - [Intensive care unit in neonatal nursing].

PMID- 3846500
TI  - [Evaluation of nursing quality].

PMID- 3846501
TI  - [Proper time for breast feeding of neonates].

PMID- 3846502
TI  - [The quality of emergency treatment].

PMID- 3846503
TI  - [Nursing of patients with chlordimeform poisoning].

PMID- 3846504
TI  - [Nursing of sick children according to their psychological characteristics].

PMID- 3846505
TI  - [Maternal love for hospitalized children].

PMID- 3846506
TI  - [Nursing of neonates with cerebral hemorrhage].

PMID- 3846507
TI  - [Care of patients having a tibial lengthening operation].

PMID- 3846508
TI  - [Care of the patients undergoing a one-stage femoral lengthening operation].

PMID- 3846509
TI  - [Scrub nurse's experience in the Neurosurgical Department].

PMID- 3846510
TI  - [Antitumor technics in the Oncology Department].

PMID- 3846512
TI  - [Chair-side assistance from dental nurses].

PMID- 3846511
TI  - [Nursing of patients after regenerative bladder resection].

PMID- 3846513
TI  - [On the dead cavity of syringe].

PMID- 3846514
TI  - Purification and some properties of a trypsin inhibitor from carp (Cyprinus
      carpio) muscle.
AB  - A trypsin inhibitor was purified from carp muscle to apparent homogeneity by the
      successive chromatographies of DEAE-cellulose, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, Con A
      Sepharose, Ultrogel AcA 44 and hydroxylapatite. The mol. wt of the inhibitor was
      estimated to be 58,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or 50,000 by gel
      filtration. The inhibitor seemed to form a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with
      trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin and elastase, respectively. Carp muscle trypsin
      inhibitor was likely to be identical with serum alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor
      judging from its glycoprotein nature, mol. wt and the inhibition stoichiometry.

PMID- 3846515
TI  - [Definition of psychiatric medicine--establishment of scientific psychiatric
      medicine (1)].

PMID- 3846516
TI  - [Significance of verbal interaction in the nursing scene--speech rehabilitation
      training and nursing].

PMID- 3846517
TI  - [Psychocybernetics and nursing--in search of a meaningful encounter with the
      patient].

PMID- 3846518
TI  - [Care and human being. 3. Care of silent creatures--a view of a veterinarian].

PMID- 3846519
TI  - [Reflection on the interactions with an alcoholic leprosy patient: a report and
      discussion].

PMID- 3846521
TI  - School nursing. The day they made contact.

PMID- 3846520
TI  - Mastectomy. Reclaiming a body image.

PMID- 3846522
TI  - Infant care. Frustration and despair.

PMID- 3846523
TI  - Welfare benefits. French lessons.

PMID- 3846524
TI  - Nursing supplies. Are you being served?

PMID- 3846525
TI  - Bard Nursing Award. Marrying the team.

PMID- 3846526
TI  - A blueprint for liaison.

PMID- 3846527
TI  - On the road. Don't blow your gasket.

PMID- 3846528
TI  - Matters for concern. Look to your laurels.

PMID- 3846529
TI  - Health records and nursing.

PMID- 3846530
TI  - Testimony to the Public Health Committee concerning "An act restoring powers and
      duties to certain professional licensing boards".

PMID- 3846531
TI  - Physiological activity of pulmonary surfactant with low protein content: effect
      of enrichment with synthetic phospholipids.
AB  - A natural surfactant with low protein content (1%) was prepared by a sequence of
      cold centrifugation, heating to 90 degrees C, sucrose-gradient centrifugation,
      and extraction with chloroform:methanol. Some of the material was enriched with
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and unsaturated phosphatidylglycerol (PG)
      to relative concentrations of 56% and 10%, respectively. The in vitro physical
      properties of these preparations were evaluated with pulsating bubble and
      Wilhelmy balance and their in vivo activity with experiments on artificially
      ventilated premature newborn rabbits, delivered on day 27 of gestation. The
      animals were kept in body plethysmographs at 37 degrees C and ventilated
      artificially with a standardized sequence of insufflation pressures: 25, 20, and
      15 cm H2O. The lungs were fixed by vascular perfusion and the alveolar expansion
      evaluated morphometrically in histologic sections. Enrichment of surfactant with
      DPPC and PG resulted in lower minimal surface tension during surface compression
      but did not further improve lung compliance or the alveolar expansion pattern.
      Treatment with nonenriched surfactant at a phospholipid concentration of 100
      mg/ml (individual dose = 200 mg/kg) caused a markedly increased lung compliance
      at all insufflation pressure levels (p vs. controls less than .01). Our data
      indicate that pulmonary surfactant remains physiologically active after removal
      of most of its protein components and that enrichment with DPPC and PG reduces
      the in vitro minimal surface tension without adding to the in vivo efficacy.

PMID- 3846532
TI  - Complete amino acid sequence of bovine plasminogen. Comparison with human
      plasminogen.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the single polypeptide chain of bovine plasminogen
      (786 residues, Mr 88092) was determined. Cleavage with CNBr yielded 13 fragments
      of which six originated from cleavage sites different from human plasminogen.
      Digestion with elastase gave three major fragments: kringles (1 + 2 + 3) and
      kringle 4, both with intact lysine binding sites, and mini-plasminogen.
      Subfragmentation was achieved mainly with 2-(2-nitrophenylsulfenyl)-3-methyl-3'
      bromoindolenine (BNPS-skatole), Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and trypsin.
      The sequences of fragments which were determined by automated Edman degradation,
      were aligned with overlapping sequences, or, in a few instances, by homology with
      the known sequence of human plasminogen. Sequence comparison with the human
      protein showed varying degrees of homology in the different functional and
      structural domains. The overall identity (78%) is practically the same as that
      found in those regions corresponding to the heavy (79%) and the light chain (80%)
      of plasmin. The average degree of identity among the kringles is 83%. Outside the
      kringle structures the extent of identity decreases, to 65% in the N-terminal
      region and to about 50% in the connecting strands between the kringles except for
      the strand between kringles 2 and 3, where only one out of 12 residues is
      exchanged. The results reported show that bovine plasminogen apparently contains
      the same structural and functional domains as human plasminogen. Bovine
      plasminogen also contains two carbohydrate moieties. The only partially
      substituted N-glycosidic site, Asn289, corresponds to partially glycosylated
      Asn288 in human plasminogen, whereas the O-glycosidic site of the human sequence,
      Thr345, is shifted to Ser339 in bovine plasminogen.

PMID- 3846533
TI  - Determination of the complete amino-acid sequence of porcine miniplasminogen.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of porcine miniplasminogen (Mr 37 600),
      comprising 341 residues, was determined by automated Edman degradation in a
      liquid-phase or solid-phase sequenator. Selected fragments were produced by
      cleavage with 2-(2-nitrophenylsulfenyl)-3-methyl-3'-bromoindolenine (BNPS
      skatole), cyanogen bromide, hydroxylamine, Staphylococcus aureus protease or
      trypsin or with combinations thereof and by activation with urokinase. The
      sequence obtained was compared with the known sequences of human and bovine
      miniplasminogen, indicating that the porcine molecule apparently contains the
      same structural and functional domains as the protein of the other two species.
      Porcine miniplasminogen has a sequence homology of 83% with human and of 79% with
      bovine miniplasminogen; 74% of the amino acids are identical in all three
      species. The results show a higher degree of evolutionary conservatism in the
      structurally and/or functionally vital regions of the molecule (active site
      residues, kringle 5).

PMID- 3846534
TI  - Ascaris suum: biosynthesis and isoinhibitor profile of chymotrypsin/elastase
      isoinhibitors.
AB  - Chymotrypsin/elastase isoinhibitors were radiolabeled when live, adult Ascaris
      suum were incubated in tissue culture medium (NCTC-135) supplemented with L
      [35S]cysteine. This is the first demonstration that the synthesis of these
      proteins occurs in A. suum; the isoinhibitors are not host products utilized by
      the parasite against its host. Of five chymotrypsin/elastase isoinhibitors
      demonstrable in A. suum, only isoinhibitors 1, 4, and 5 were found in each worm.
      The amino acid sequences of these three isoinhibitors indicate that they are gene
      products and are not obtained by modification after translation. The two
      inhibitors that are not observed could arise by limited proteolysis. The same
      chymotrypsin/elastase isoinhibitor profile present in each nematode eliminates
      any speculation that the multiple forms arise from an adaptation between A. suum
      and its host. A new chymotrypsin/elastase isoinhibitor nomenclature is proposed,
      so that isoinhibitor 1 is now Isoinhibitor A, and isoinhibitors 4 and 5 are now
      Isoinhibitors B and C, respectively.

PMID- 3846535
TI  - Proteolytic inactivation of human leukocyte elastase.
AB  - Human leukocyte elastase can be proteolytically inactivated by bovine pancreatic
      trypsin. Neither porcine pancreatic elastase nor bovine pancreatic chymotrypsin
      causes inactivation of leukocyte elastase, nor are trypsin, pancreatic elastase,
      or chymotrypsin themselves susceptible to proteolysis. The trypsin-catalyzed
      inactivation of leukocyte elastase can be slowed by inhibition of trypsin with
      benzamidine or by occupation of elastase's active site with elastatinal.

PMID- 3846536
TI  - The eye of the venomous marine teleost Trachinus vipera with special reference to
      the structure and ultrastructure of visual cells and pigment epithelium.
AB  - The benthic Trachinus vipera occurs to a depth of 50 m and migrates inshore
      during the summer. It lies buried in the sand with the top of its head exposed.
      The benthic habitat and predatory behaviour, tuned to function in twilight, are
      reflected in the structure and ultrastructure of the eye. The eye is well
      camouflaged by an iridescent cornea and a differentially coloured spectacle. The
      spontaneous eye movements are either coordinated, for binocularity, or
      independent, for monocular vision. The latter is aided by the reduction of the
      blind spot to a thin streak. Consequently the optic nerve is flattened. When
      leaving the eyeball it becomes folded, which may allow for lengthening. The cones
      of the duplex retina are arranged in a square mosaic, with a central single cone
      and identical twin cones. The square mosaic is stabilized by an intricate
      framework of so-called "fins", and the twin cones do not "twist" into a row
      pattern in the dark as observed in the diurnal guppy. The twin cones do not
      extend sclerally in the dark, while the single cones, rods and pigment epithelial
      processes undergo retinomotor movements. Regional differences are observed: The
      sensitivity of the dorsal retina is enhanced by a great number of rods, bundled
      as in deep-sea fish. The lipid granules in the dorsal pigment epithelium may act
      as a tapetum lucidum, reflecting light back through the retina. A cluster of
      triple cones in the dorso-temporal region may represent a site for increased
      sensitivity and/or acute vision. An unusual inclusion body, with a dense core
      similar to a lipid droplet, and surrounded by membranes, is observed in the
      dorsal pigment epithelium. The membranes are seen to be continuous with the
      smooth endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membrane and myeloid bodies. This body
      changes diurnally and may be a type of phagosome.

PMID- 3846537
TI  - Increased tolerance to cold induced by hyperoxia in hypothermic dogs.
AB  - In dogs acutely immersed in cold water (8-13 degrees C) oxygen uptake increased
      and rapidly reached a maximum value (CV02 Max). A few minutes after the start of
      immersion colonic temperature began to fall more or less rapidly depending on the
      dog but always in a linear fashion. Twenty min. after the start of immersion the
      inspired air was switched from air to a 60% O2/40% N2 gas mixture. The switch to
      the hyperoxia gas mixture slowed down or even stopped the fall in colonic
      temperature. Concomitantly a lowering of plasma lactate concentration was
      observed. It may be concluded that hyperoxia improves the cold tolerance of dogs
      exposed to a severe cold stress. This improvement may be due to a direct effect
      of hyperoxia on cellular metabolism. However other effects induced by hyperoxia
      cannot be ruled out.

PMID- 3846538
TI  - [Current anesthesia methods in labor and obstetrical operations].

PMID- 3846539
TI  - [Diagnosis of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3846541
TI  - [Point massage].

PMID- 3846542
TI  - [Medical and health support for the rural population during field work].

PMID- 3846540
TI  - [Stenocardia in middle and old age].

PMID- 3846543
TI  - [Changes in the oral cavity in internal diseases].

PMID- 3846545
TI  - [Health education in the prevention of mycoses].

PMID- 3846544
TI  - [Hemosorption].

PMID- 3846546
TI  - [Prevention of complications in catheterization of the subclavian vein].

PMID- 3846547
TI  - [Rabies].

PMID- 3846548
TI  - Helping the impaired nurse--a step in the right direction.

PMID- 3846549
TI  - Autonomy through collective bargaining.

PMID- 3846550
TI  - "Who protects my license"?

PMID- 3846551
TI  - Mentoring: the "old/new" relationship.

PMID- 3846552
TI  - Hospital cost containment in Florida.

PMID- 3846553
TI  - Prevention revisited: can public health nursing seize the moment.

PMID- 3846554
TI  - The importance of family dynamics in community nursing.

PMID- 3846555
TI  - Blood pressure study in adolescents.

PMID- 3846556
TI  - The amateur accountant.

PMID- 3846557
TI  - Counsel and care.

PMID- 3846558
TI  - A revolution in wound care?

PMID- 3846559
TI  - The positive approach.

PMID- 3846560
TI  - 'This malodorous malady'.

PMID- 3846561
TI  - Knowledge utilization and research utilization in nursing.

PMID- 3846562
TI  - Research utilization: defining the concept.

PMID- 3846563
TI  - Debunking myths in nursing theory and research.

PMID- 3846564
TI  - Study of factors associated with psychological well-being in rheumatoid arthritic
      women.

PMID- 3846565
TI  - Secondary data analysis--a new approach to nursing research.

PMID- 3846566
TI  - Nursing research and social control: alternative models of science that emphasize
      understanding and emancipation.

PMID- 3846567
TI  - Specificity of substrate analogue inhibitors of human urinary kallikrein.
AB  - A series of acetyl-peptidyl-amides containing the amino acid sequence around the
      Arg-Ser kallikrein cleavage site of bovine kininogen were synthesized and tested
      for their ability to inhibit both the kinin-releasing activity and the amidase
      activity of purified human urinary kallikrein. The substrate analogues were
      competitive inhibitors for human urinary kallikrein and the heptapeptides (P4
      P3'), hexapeptides (P3-P3'), and pentapeptides (P2-P3') gave Ki values of 140,
      64, and 18 microM respectively, while the tetrapeptides (P1-P3'), tripeptides
      (P1'-P3') and dipeptides (P2'-P3') had little or no inhibitory activity. The
      effective analogues had neither kinin-like nor kinin-blocking activity on the rat
      uterus either before or after exposure to human urinary kallikrein. The effective
      human urinary kallikrein inhibitors were further examined for their effect on
      other serine proteases, including human plasma kallikrein, plasmin, complement
      components (C1s, C1r), bovine coagulation factors (IIa, IXa, and Xa), elastase,
      and trypsin. These peptides showed little inhibition of the circulating serine
      proteases but yielded a Ki for the nonspecific protease trypsin in the microM
      range. These results should provide the basis for the development of highly
      specific tissue kallikrein inhibitors to aid in elucidating the in vivo role(s)
      of tissue kallikreins.

PMID- 3846568
TI  - [Accidents in local and loco-regional anesthesia].

PMID- 3846569
TI  - [Behavior disorders in the elderly].

PMID- 3846570
TI  - [Personalized reflections on nursing education in psychiatric services].

PMID- 3846572
TI  - [Ethiopia: the greatest famine of the century].

PMID- 3846573
TI  - [Marriage contracts].

PMID- 3846574
TI  - [Complications of venous insufficiency of the lower limbs].

PMID- 3846571
TI  - [Hygiene in children].

PMID- 3846575
TI  - [Parkinson syndromes].

PMID- 3846576
TI  - [Medical aspects of sports].

PMID- 3846577
TI  - [Coronary insufficiency in aged subjects].

PMID- 3846578
TI  - [Complications of diabetes].

PMID- 3846579
TI  - [Agoraphobia].

PMID- 3846580
TI  - [Specialization and certification: retrospective of the activities of the CNA
      (Canadian Nurses Association)].

PMID- 3846582
TI  - Should pregnant women care for AIDS patients?

PMID- 3846581
TI  - [Infection prevention in hospitals. 4. Disinfection and sterilization of
      instruments].

PMID- 3846583
TI  - Shuffling our streptococcal strategies: in-hospital and out.

PMID- 3846584
TI  - Influence of chlorhexidine in ethanol and in isopropanol on the bacterial
      colonization of the umbilicus of newborns.
AB  - The effect of daily treatment with 0.5% chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol and in 70%
      isopropanol, respectively, on navel colonization and on rates of infection in
      newborns has been studied in 438 infants in two maternity wards during a 3-month
      period. In spite of isopropanol being reported as a more efficient skin
      disinfectant than ethanol in several experimental models, no significant
      differences were seen in the frequency of navel colonization or in infection
      rates between the two treatment groups. The colonization rate with S. aureus was
      lower in this than in an earlier investigation on navel disinfection with
      chlorhexidine in ethanol performed in the same wards. This may reflect a
      progressive effectiveness of the treatment due to fewer S. aureus sources in the
      nursery. For practical reasons we continue to recommend daily navel disinfection
      with 0.5% chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol on healthy newborns in hospital nurseries.

PMID- 3846585
TI  - The efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of post-cesarean section
      endometritis.
AB  - Endometritis is an infectious complication in 9% to 65% of patients delivered by
      cesarean section. The risk of developing endometritis is greater in the high-risk
      emergent patient as compared to routine repeat abdominal deliveries. This study
      describes the incidence of endometritis following cesarean section delivery in
      different patient groups at the University of Virginia Hospital during a 1-year
      period and reviews the literature on the efficacy and risks of prophylactic
      antibiotics in this setting. Of patients not receiving antibiotic prophylaxis, 11
      (less than 1%) of 1,461 normal spontaneous vaginal delivery patients, 7 (16.7%)
      of 42 repeat and 39 (29.8%) of 131 emergent cesarean section patients developed
      endometritis. This contrasts to none of the 24 emergent patients who received
      antibiotic prophylaxis. The literature review shows multiple prospective well
      designed and executed studies that demonstrate reliable decreases in the
      incidence of endometritis with short course antibiotic prophylaxis. Our
      conclusion is that short course antibiotic prophylaxis is a safe, reproducible,
      cost-effective and indicated method of reducing the incidence of this costly and
      serious postoperative infection.

PMID- 3846586
TI  - Multiple-dose vials: persistence of bacterial contaminants and infection control
      implications.
AB  - Due to sporadic infections attributed to contaminated multiple-dose medication
      vials (MDV), some authorities have suggested discarding all MDV within 24 hours.
      We inoculated 11 commonly used medications with suspensions of 10 bacterial
      species previously associated with contaminated parenteral solutions and
      determined microbial persistence at both room and refrigerator temperature. At 22
      degrees C, atropine, curare, folic acid, NPH insulin and triamcinolone did not
      allow microbial persistence beyond 4 hours. Lidocaine and heparin were sterile by
      24 hours. Regular insulin, immune serum globulin, and myochrysine allowed
      persistence for up to 7 days. At 4 degrees C, bacterial persistence was
      significantly prolonged for all medications including those MDV requiring
      refrigeration. No organisms proliferated; however, F. meningosepticum and P.
      maltophilia were particularly persistent at both temperatures. The risk of
      persistent MDV contamination appears to be dependent upon specific
      pharmaceutical, microbe and storage temperature interactions. Recommendations for
      the refrigeration of MDV medications may require reevaluation on a product-by
      product basis.

PMID- 3846588
TI  - Product evaluation committee.

PMID- 3846589
TI  - The role of pastoral care in nursing.

PMID- 3846587
TI  - Infection control and the hospitalized AIDS patient.

PMID- 3846590
TI  - Warnock--report of the committee of inquiry into human fertilisation and
      embryology.

PMID- 3846591
TI  - Increasing frequency of penicillin-resistant pneumococci: epidemiological aspects
      and case-control study.
AB  - At the Hadassah University Hospital, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, the frequency of
      patients with relatively penicillin-resistant pneumococci (RPRP) isolates has
      increased from 0.9 to 10.8% during the years 1979-82. Infants and children were
      particularly involved. Significantly more RPRP isolates were found in those less
      than 14 years old than in those who were older (P less than 0.005). The
      determination of susceptibility or relative resistance to penicillin was based on
      the disk sensitivity method, which remained unchanged throughout the study
      period. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to penicillin G was also
      determined for 20 RPRP isolates and was found to be in the range of relative
      resistance to penicillin (0.25 to 0.50 micrograms/ml) in all 20 isolates. A case
      control study of 16 index patients examined antibiotic usage during the 60 days
      preceding pneumococcal isolation. Total antibiotic usage was high in both groups
      (18.8 vs. 8.8 days, P = 0.2); beta-lactam antibiotic usage was significantly
      higher in the RPRP group than in the control group (13.3 vs. 4.2 days, 0.01 less
      than P less than 0.02). General prescribing practices, even in nonisolated areas
      where there is no need for public health programs to dispense prophylactic
      antibiotics, may produce sufficiently high antibiotic exposures to aid the
      emergence of RPRP strains.

PMID- 3846592
TI  - The influence of single dose intravenous antibiotics on faecal flora and
      emergence of Clostridium difficile.
AB  - The influence of a single intravenous dose of antibiotic on faecal flora and the
      emergence of Clostridium difficile was studied in volunteers. Seventy-eight
      volunteers (13 groups of 6 receiving 5 penicillins and 8 cephalosporins) were
      given a single intravenous dose of antibiotic. Results were compared with a
      control group of 6 volunteers who did not receive an antibiotic. Changes in the
      faecal flora were monitored over two weeks. Only cephalosporins were associated
      with emergence of Cl. difficile, penicillins and controls were not. Frequency of
      emergence of Cl. difficile in the 6 volunteers in each of the cephalosporin
      groups were as follows: cephaloridine 0, cephazolin, 1 cefuroxime 1, cefoxitin 2,
      cefotaxime 2, latamoxef 3, ceftriaxone 2, cefotetan 4. Latamoxef (moxalactam) was
      associated with a significant rise in total aerobic bacterial counts largely due
      to increased counts of enterococci. Cefotetan eliminated Escherichia coli and
      Bacteroides fragilis from the faecal flora three days after administration.

PMID- 3846593
TI  - Staphylocoagulase-binding region in human prothrombin.
AB  - A staphylocoagulase-binding region in human prothrombin was studied by utilizing
      several fragments prepared from prothrombin by limited proteolysis. Bovine
      prothrombin, prethrombin 1, prethrombin 2, and human diisopropylphosphorylated
      alpha-thrombin strongly inhibited formation of the complex ("staphylothrombin")
      between human prothrombin and staphylocoagulase, but bovine prothrombin fragment
      1 and fragment 2 had no effect on the complex formation, indicating that the
      binding region of human prothrombin for staphylocoagulase is located in the
      prethrombin 2 molecule. To identify further the staphylocoagulase-binding region,
      human alpha-thrombin was cleaved into the NH2-terminal large fragment (Mr =
      26,000) and the COOH-terminal fragment (Mr = 16,000) by porcine pancreatic
      elastase. Of these fragments, the COOH-terminal fragment, which includes Asn-200
      to the COOH-terminal end of the alpha-thrombin molecule, partially inhibited the
      complex formation between staphylocoagulase and human prothrombin. In contrast,
      the NH2-terminal large fragment did not show any inhibitory effect on the
      staphylothrombin formation. These results suggest that the staphylocoagulase
      interacts with human prothrombin through the COOH-terminal region of alpha
      thrombin B chain. Other plasma proteins, factor X, factor IX, protein C, protein
      S, protein Z, all of which are structurally similar to prothrombin, did not
      inhibit the staphylothrombin formation at all, indicating that a specific
      interaction site with staphylocoagulase is contained only in the prothrombin
      molecule.

PMID- 3846594
TI  - Rat plasma high-molecular-weight kininogen. A simple method for purification and
      its characterization.
AB  - High-molecular-weight kininogen has been isolated from rat plasma in three steps
      in a relatively high yield. The purified preparation gave a single band on sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the absence and presence of
      2-mercaptoethanol, and the apparent Mr was estimated as 100,000. On incubation
      with rat plasma kallikrein, rat high Mr kininogen yielded a kinin-free protein
      consisting of a heavy chain (Mr = 64,000) and a light chain (Mr = 46,000),
      liberating bradykinin. The kinin-free protein was S-alkylated, and its heavy and
      light chains were separated by a zinc-chelating Sepharose 6B column. The amino
      acid compositions of rat high Mr kininogen and its heavy and light chains were
      very similar to those of bovine high Mr kininogen and its heavy and fragment 1.2
      light chains, respectively. A high histidine content in the light chain of rat
      high Mr kininogen indicated the presence of a histidine-rich region in this
      protein as in bovine high Mr kininogen, although this region was not cleaved by
      rat plasma kallikrein. Rat high Mr kininogen corrected to normal values the
      prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time of Brown-Norway Katholiek rat
      plasma known to be deficient in high Mr kininogen and of Fitzgerald trait plasma.
      The kinin-free protein had the same correcting activity as intact high Mr
      kininogen. Rat high Mr kininogen also accelerated approximately 10-fold the
      surface-dependent activation of rat factor XII and prekallikrein, which was
      mediated with kaolin, amylose sulfate, and sulfatide. These results indicate that
      rat high Mr kininogen is quite similar to human and bovine high Mr kininogens in
      terms of biochemical and functional properties.

PMID- 3846595
TI  - Kinetics and thermodynamics of the interaction of elongation factor Tu with
      elongation factor Ts, guanine nucleotides, and aminoacyl-tRNA.
AB  - The exchange of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu)-bound GTP in the presence and
      absence of elongation factor Ts (EF-Ts) was monitored by equilibrium exchange
      kinetic procedures. The kinetics of the exchange reaction were found to be
      consistent with the formation of a ternary complex EF-Tu X GTP X EF-Ts. The
      equilibrium association constants of EF-Ts to the EF-Tu X GTP complex and of GTP
      to EF-Tu X EF-Ts were calculated to be 7 X 10(7) and 2 X 10(6) M-1, respectively.
      The dissociation rate constant of GTP from the ternary complex was found to be 13
      s-1. This is 500 times larger than the GTP dissociation rate constant from the EF
      Tu X GTP complex (2.5 X 10(-2) s-1). A procedure based on the observation that EF
      Tu X GTP protects the aminoacyl-tRNA molecule from phosphodiesterase I-catalyzed
      hydrolysis was used to study the interactions of EF-Tu X GTP with Val-tRNAVal and
      Phe-tRNAPhe. Binding constants of Phe-tRNAPhe and Val-tRNAVal to EF-Tu X GTP of
      4.8 X 10(7) and 1.2 X 10(7)M-1, respectively, were obtained. The exchange of
      bound GDP with GTP in solution in the presence of EF-Ts was also examined. The
      kinetics of the reaction were found to be consistent with a rapid equilibrium
      mechanism. It was observed that the exchange of bound GDP with free GTP in the
      presence of a large excess of the latter was accelerated by the addition of
      aminoacyl-tRNA. On the basis of these observations, a complete mechanism to
      explain the interactions among EF-Tu, EF-Ts, guanine nucleotides, and aminoacyl
      tRNA has been developed.

PMID- 3846596
TI  - Detection of tyrosine-specific protein kinases with gastrin as exogenous
      substrate.
AB  - Gastrin was recently shown to be phosphorylated on its single tyrosine by the
      epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated tyrosine protein kinase (TPK). The TPK
      previously detected in the murine lymphoma (LSTRA) induced by the Moloney murine
      leukemia virus phosphorylates gastrin, the apparent Km is 65 microM and the
      maximum rate 1900 pmol/min per mg; the kinase is more efficient with MnCl2 than
      with MgCl2, is stimulated by NaVO3 and inhibited by ZnCl2. Gastrin
      phosphorylation is observed only when a TPK is expressed by the cell: extracts of
      fibroblasts infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of the Rous sarcoma
      virus had no gastrin kinase activity when grown at the non-permissive temperature
      whereas cells grown at the permissive temperature were transformed and disclosed
      a clear gastrin kinase activity. Gastrin kinases were detected in various
      transformed cells: human lymphomas, K562 cells, cells from a patient with acute
      proliferative leukemia, and normal cells: human T and B lymphocytes.

PMID- 3846597
TI  - Look beyond your clients' answers. (Are the elderly as healthy as they say)?

PMID- 3846598
TI  - Which client is a high risk?

PMID- 3846599
TI  - Gerontological nursing gets expert help on using the news.

PMID- 3846600
TI  - Gerontological nurse specialists: tomorrow's leaders today!

PMID- 3846601
TI  - In search of a new day's challenge.

PMID- 3846602
TI  - Capitalize on elder strengths.

PMID- 3846603
TI  - Measuring gerontological nursing's impact on the aged.

PMID- 3846604
TI  - Does incontinence affect your client's self-concept?

PMID- 3846605
TI  - Side effects of diuretics a danger for aged.

PMID- 3846606
TI  - Promoting healthy employee lifestyles.

PMID- 3846607
TI  - Diagnostic studies for the aged: what are the dangers?

PMID- 3846608
TI  - Penicillin therapy for treatment of experimental endocarditis caused by viridans
      streptococci in animals.
AB  - We studied the efficacy of penicillin and penicillin combined with streptomycin
      in the treatment of experimental endocarditis caused by viridans streptococci
      that are susceptible, tolerant, or relatively resistant to penicillin. Rabbits
      with experimental endocarditis were treated with procaine penicillin (1.5 X 10(5)
      U/kg) administered twice daily or with procaine penicillin (1.5 X 10(5) U/kg)
      plus streptomycin (20 mg/kg) administered twice daily for five days. Compared
      with control animals, animals treated with penicillin alone experienced a
      significant reduction (P less than .001) of colony forming units per gram of
      cardiac valve vegetations when infected with streptococci that are susceptible,
      tolerant, or resistant to penicillin. This antibiotic alone was less effective
      against streptococci that were tolerant or resistant to penicillin than against
      streptococci susceptible to the drug (P less than .01). The combination of
      penicillin and streptomycin was more effective therapy than was penicillin alone
      in animals with penicillin-tolerant or penicillin-resistant streptococci causing
      endocarditis (P less than .01). Penicillin-streptomycin therapy was less active
      against penicillin-resistant strains than against either penicillin-tolerant (P
      less than .04) or penicillin-susceptible (P less than .01) strains. The results
      of our study suggest that tolerance or relative resistance to penicillin in
      strains of viridans streptococci influences the response to therapy with
      penicillin alone or penicillin combined with streptomycin in the treatment of
      experimental endocarditis caused by viridans streptococci.

PMID- 3846609
TI  - The apostolic letter of the Holy Father on the christian meaning of human
      suffering. Part II.

PMID- 3846610
TI  - Addresses at the opening ceremony at the European Seminar.

PMID- 3846611
TI  - The block nurse program.

PMID- 3846612
TI  - Assessing the client's community resources through network analysis.

PMID- 3846613
TI  - Chemical hazards in the household: what every community health nurse should know.

PMID- 3846614
TI  - Cambodian refugee health care beliefs and practices.

PMID- 3846616
TI  - The physician as a nursing service customer.
AB  - One measure of a hospital's market success is bed occupancy. Since physicians
      admit patients to the hospital, they can rightfully be viewed as hospital
      customers. As customers, they respond to excellence in customer service. This
      article describes strategies for dealing with the physician as customer while
      still preserving the nurse-physician collegial relationship.

PMID- 3846615
TI  - The grievance-arbitration process. The experience of one nursing administration.
AB  - When nurse providers fail to meet standards of practice and productivity, nursing
      administrators may confront a dispute resolution process. Preparation for this
      experience greatly affects its outcome. This article presents the method used by
      a nursing department in one such situation. It describes the perspectives and
      approach of the nursing administration and legal counsel as the process unfolded.
      The process can be applied to both unionized and nonunionized organizations.

PMID- 3846617
TI  - Projecting supply expenses.
AB  - This article details a simplified approach to within-the-year supply expenses
      projections. Each factor of the projection formulas is discussed and the final
      formulas given. An example clarifies the projection calculations.

PMID- 3846618
TI  - Director of nursing effectiveness. DON and CEO perspectives and implications for
      education.
AB  - As part of a study, directors of nursing (DONs) and chief executive officers
      (CEOs) were asked what makes an effective nurse executive and were questioned
      about their educational and experiential backgrounds. More than four-fifths of
      the DONs and four-fifths of the CEOs said that effective DONs need knowledge
      about general and fiscal management and about nursing and the health-care field.
      The second most frequently mentioned factor was human management skill. DONs
      tended to view their positions as more political than did CEOs. DON and CEO
      perspectives on what makes DONs effective have implications for educational
      programs preparing nurse administrators.

PMID- 3846619
TI  - Quality assurance. Evaluate thyself.
AB  - Quality assurance (qa) programs must be documented carefully, systematically, and
      completely to be of continued value. A literature review revealed that no tools
      had been developed to evaluate the effectiveness of qa programs. A tool was
      designed and tested to assess the reports of qa studies, as an initial step in
      establishing the benefits of qa. The tool was found to yield reproducible results
      and its use is recommended to others.

PMID- 3846621
TI  - Fostering conditions that inspire inquiry.

PMID- 3846620
TI  - Becoming a mentoring manager.

PMID- 3846622
TI  - Second stage labor: what is normal?
AB  - Traditional management of second stage labor has come under scrutiny because of
      improved understanding of what normally occurs when second stage labor is allowed
      to proceed of its own accord without direction from birth attendants. When women
      bear down spontaneously as they feel the urge to push, either holding their
      breath briefly or with short exhalation of air, normal maternal and fetal
      physiological status is maintained and second stage labor does not appear to be
      lengthened. Using a variety of maternal positions during second stage labor can
      optimize physiologic functioning and increase maternal comfort.

PMID- 3846623
TI  - Nursing management of the woman with osteoporosis.
AB  - One accompaniment of loss of ovarian function for many women is osteoporosis.
      Care of women who suffer a hip fracture as a result of osteoporosis has become a
      public health issue and focuses on a possible lack of patient education regarding
      health maintenance. Nurses can play a key role in the care of women with
      osteoporosis by knowing about possible causative factors and by having a broad
      understanding of patient management, including how important patient education is
      to the maintenance of health.

PMID- 3846624
TI  - Time limitation for early breastfeeding.
AB  - To prevent nipple soreness, mothers who are breastfeeding are counseled to limit
      the time their infant feeds in the early postpartum period. No evidence supports
      this method of prevention. To the contrary, nursing and medical literature report
      that this practice is not effective and that its use should be discontinued.
      Nursing interventions to prevent nipple problems are presented.

PMID- 3846625
TI  - Grief and perinatal loss. A community hospital approach to support.
AB  - Hospital health-care professionals sometimes fail to recognize the depth to which
      parents grieve over a stillbirth and to acknowledge the validity of the parents'
      grief. By interacting with SHARE (Support and Help in Airing and Resolving
      Experiences), a parent support group for those who have experienced a perinatal
      loss, a hospital team was able to develop a written protocol with support
      measures to use when stillbirth occurs. This protocol has been in effect for
      three years and the staff has seen dual benefits. Staff members find constructive
      ways of offering support, and parents derive a sense of comfort and direction
      from the approach.

PMID- 3846626
TI  - Mothers' postpartum perceptions of spousal relationships.
AB  - The postpartum period is one of sexual adjustment for parents. A prospective
      study of a convenience sample of 194 women ascertained their perceptions of
      physical, social, and emotional aspects of spousal relationships at one, three,
      and six months postpartum. Attrition resulted in 131, 114, and 104 women
      remaining in the study at those time periods, respectively. Open-ended questions
      and rating scales were self-administered in the women's homes and returned in the
      stamped, addressed envelopes provided. Although perceptions of the spousal
      relationships changed little, sexual interest of the women declined over six
      months. The few women who responded to these questions felt positively about
      their mates' changed sexual interest in them. Of these women, the majority felt
      that breastfeeding did not affect their sexual enjoyment. At three and six months
      postpartum, the condom was the contraceptive method most frequently reported.

PMID- 3846627
TI  - The bicycle seat stool in the treatment of vaginal agenesis and stenosis.
AB  - The Ingram method for creating a neovagina in women with vaginal agenesis or
      stenosis by using an intermittent pressure technique was performed on 45 patients
      between 1975 and 1982. Poor patient compliance has been the major drawback of
      previously reported pressure techniques. To overcome this, the Ingram method
      employs a unique approach using Lucite dilators and a mobile bicycle seat stool.
      Extensive nursing participation and a successfully treated former patient used as
      a motivating role model have significantly contributed to the acceptance of this
      method. Thirty-seven of the 45 patients were able to experience coitus subsequent
      to treatment.

PMID- 3846628
TI  - Soviet health care: an American perspective.

PMID- 3846629
TI  - Degrees and professionalism.

PMID- 3846630
TI  - The predictive validity of fundal height curves in the identification of small-
      and large-for-gestational-age infants.
AB  - Several investigators have developed fundal height (FH) curves which have been
      useful in the identification of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. Two of
      these curves were tested to determine if they retained their predictive validity
      for SGA infants, and to determine their predictive validity for large-for
      gestational-age (LGA) infants. Only one of the 12 SGA infants born to the 102
      women in this sample would have been identified using either of the FH curves.
      The use of one of the FH curves would have identified all of the 10 LGA infants,
      while the use of the second FH curve would have identified five. Rather than
      assuming validity, clinicians are encouraged to test any fundal height curve for
      its ability to identify SGA and LGA infants in their own population.

PMID- 3846631
TI  - Assessment of antiprotease activity of some carbamate derivatives.
AB  - Six carbamate derivatives were tested for inhibitory activity towards porcine
      pancreatic elastase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. Only three esters that are
      isatoic anhydride derivatives were found to inhibit elastase competitively but
      nonspecifically. KI values for the best two inhibitors were determined from Dixon
      plots.

PMID- 3846632
TI  - I never promised you a rose garden. But I must remember to tell you about the
      thorns.

PMID- 3846633
TI  - For better or for worse.

PMID- 3846634
TI  - Never to be alone. Existential therapy with battered women.

PMID- 3846635
TI  - Life with an alcohol-abusing husband. Is there marriage after drink?

PMID- 3846636
TI  - Levels of contracting.

PMID- 3846637
TI  - Surgical intervention to stop glaucoma.

PMID- 3846638
TI  - Retinal vascular obstruction signals systemic disease.

PMID- 3846639
TI  - Color coding can prevent mishaps.

PMID- 3846640
TI  - Ocular manifestations of Grave's disease.

PMID- 3846641
TI  - Using the radiuscope as a contact lens inspection device.

PMID- 3846642
TI  - Managing eye tumors.

PMID- 3846643
TI  - [Diagnosis by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): an interview with Prof. Masahiro
      Iio].

PMID- 3846644
TI  - [Primary nursing: preparation of nurses necessary for the development of primary
      nursing in Japan].

PMID- 3846645
TI  - [Re-evaluation of the daily care. 40. Patients' sleep].

PMID- 3846646
TI  - [Current status and the prospect of hemodialysis therapy].

PMID- 3846647
TI  - [Education of dialysis patients by the cooperation of a nursing team].

PMID- 3846649
TI  - [Assistance for children undergoing CAPD therapy].

PMID- 3846648
TI  - [Nursing of dialysis patients with complications: diagnosis and dialysis
      associated complications at the nursing level].

PMID- 3846650
TI  - [Activities as a home visiting nurse assigned by a local government].

PMID- 3846651
TI  - [Report from the hospice. 4. Care of dying people: the rights of patients].

PMID- 3846652
TI  - [Clinical aspects of pain. 12. Drug therapy (11): the basic rules in analgesic
      administration].

PMID- 3846653
TI  - [Physical training at a home for the aged. 12. Methodology derived from clinical
      experiences: a hemianopsia patient who resorted to frequent use of the buzzer to
      call nurses].

PMID- 3846654
TI  - [Changing medical therapy: toward the 21st century. 1. Regional medical care].

PMID- 3846656
TI  - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Hisae Ito who is dedicated to education of industrial
      nurses].

PMID- 3846655
TI  - [Counseling of patients. 3. The first problem faced by the counsellor].

PMID- 3846657
TI  - [Record of a cancer patient. A positive attitude of the patient. 4: "See you
      again!"].

PMID- 3846658
TI  - [Public health nursing in Indonesia: difficulties in communication].

PMID- 3846659
TI  - [Monologue by a nursing director: doll-making as a hobby].

PMID- 3846660
TI  - [Etiology of ascites and pleural effusion and causative disease conditions].

PMID- 3846661
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of ascites and pleural effusion].

PMID- 3846662
TI  - [Standard treatment of ascites and pleural effusion].

PMID- 3846663
TI  - [Treatment of refractory ascites].

PMID- 3846664
TI  - [Nursing standard for patients with ascites and pleural effusion--nursing of
      patients with ascites and pleural effusion due to liver cirrhosis and nephrotic
      syndrome].

PMID- 3846665
TI  - [Nursing of patients with marked accumulation of ascites: discussion].

PMID- 3846666
TI  - [Rest and diet of patients with ascites and pleural effusion].

PMID- 3846667
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with liver cirrhosis associated with advanced ascites].

PMID- 3846668
TI  - [Nursing of patients with ascites and pleural effusion due to circulatory
      disorders].

PMID- 3846669
TI  - [Nursing care of pleural effusion in a patient with kidney disease].

PMID- 3846670
TI  - [Nursing care of tuberculous pleuritis].

PMID- 3846671
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with cancerous ascites].

PMID- 3846672
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with cancerous pleural effusion--nursing process for a
      patient with cancerous pleural effusion developing following surgery of breast
      cancer].

PMID- 3846673
TI  - [A method of speech training for a patient with hemisection of the tongue for the
      treatment of tongue cancer].

PMID- 3846674
TI  - [Microsurgical tuboplasty].

PMID- 3846675
TI  - [Progress in monitoring in shock].

PMID- 3846676
TI  - [Boron neutron capture method for the treatment of malignant brain cancer].

PMID- 3846677
TI  - [Treatment of refractory Behcet's disease with cyclosporin A].

PMID- 3846678
TI  - [Current treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage].

PMID- 3846679
TI  - [Keypoints in nursing of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage].

PMID- 3846680
TI  - [Blood pressure fluctuations in hospitalized hypertensive patients due to the
      sphygmomanometric conditions].

PMID- 3846681
TI  - [Early detection of exacerbation of infection in patients with chronic
      obstructive lung diseases and their management].

PMID- 3846682
TI  - [What a diabetic patient must know].

PMID- 3846683
TI  - [Position of rehabilitation nursing in basic nursing education].

PMID- 3846684
TI  - [Declaration of Patients' Rights (draft)].

PMID- 3846685
TI  - [Outline of the university education on the air: a new type of education for the
      era of life-long education].

PMID- 3846686
TI  - [Study of the educational program for the training of nursing instructors (2):
      through the analysis of the learning experience of the students who completed a
      seminar].

PMID- 3846687
TI  - [Re-evaluation of a nursing course leading to a nursing degree: from the
      viewpoint of adolescence education].

PMID- 3846689
TI  - [Educational technology. Operating room nursing (11). Medication errors].

PMID- 3846688
TI  - [Learning of the process of the development of mother-child relationship in the
      clinical training of obstetrical nursing: analysis of students' emotional
      responses to the breast during nursing].

PMID- 3846690
TI  - [On nursing education. 33. Continuing education].

PMID- 3846691
TI  - [Methodology and problems of nursing education: solutions to the problems at the
      educational scene. 9. Sequence of teaching: preparation of a course outline from
      the theoretical model showing the relationship among nursing actions].

PMID- 3846692
TI  - [Difficulties faced by modern nursing students: for advances in nursing
      education].

PMID- 3846693
TI  - [Educational technology. Operating room nursing (12). Burns from an electrical
      knife].

PMID- 3846694
TI  - [On nursing education. 34. Nursing students: their educational background and
      selection].

PMID- 3846695
TI  - [Methodology and problems of nursing education: solutions to the problems at the
      educational scene. 10. Recommendation of self study].

PMID- 3846696
TI  - [More effective promotion of health examination: a panel discussion].

PMID- 3846697
TI  - [Examination for uterine cancer].

PMID- 3846698
TI  - [From re-evaluation to prospect on public health nursing. The 3d viewpoint on the
      nature of human activities: a lesson in planning a study on home nursing
      instructions].

PMID- 3846699
TI  - [Community focus in public health nursing. Whose responsibility?].

PMID- 3846701
TI  - [A visit to Wahei Hospital at Taihoku].

PMID- 3846700
TI  - [Survey on the attitudes of public health nurses and public health nursing
      students toward sexuality of the aged].

PMID- 3846702
TI  - [Obstetric practice in Finland].

PMID- 3846703
TI  - [Perineotomy and perineal rupture--a study on the course of healing].

PMID- 3846704
TI  - [Report of travels in Nigeria].

PMID- 3846705
TI  - Nurse-attorneys speak out on their roles.

PMID- 3846706
TI  - Legal function of the Kansas State Board of Nursing.

PMID- 3846707
TI  - Liability for nursing malpractice.

PMID- 3846708
TI  - You can cope with criticism.

PMID- 3846709
TI  - Independent action of prostaglandins and kinins on vasopressin-stimulated water
      flow.
AB  - The kallikrein-kinin and the prostaglandin systems are both important modifiers
      of vasopressin action. This study examines whether the systems are dependent on
      one another for their action. Four groups of toad hemibladders were examined. In
      groups 1 and 2 animals the endogenous prostaglandin system was inhibited.
      Inhibition of kallikrein by aprotinin caused vasopressin-stimulated water flow to
      increase further (24.8 +/- 4.9 to 34.5 +/- 4.8 microliters/min) while
      potentiation of kinins by captropril caused vasopressin-stimulated water flow to
      decrease (45 +/- 6.3 to 30.5 +/- 5.4 microliters/min). In groups 3 and 4
      endogenous kallikrein was inhibited by aprotinin. The addition of prostaglandin
      E2 caused vasopressin-stimulated water flow to decrease (17.5 +/- 2.7 to 5.71 +/-
      1.0 microliter/min) while the inhibition of endogenous prostaglandins caused
      vasopressin-stimulated water flow to increase (26.7 +/- 3.4 to 39.2 +/- 3.5
      microliters/min). Thus, the inhibitory effects of prostaglandins and kinins on
      vasopressin-stimulated water flow are independent of one another.

PMID- 3846710
TI  - [Physical and movement training. Equilibrium for body and soul].

PMID- 3846711
TI  - [Voting on June 9 1985: initiative "Right to Life"].

PMID- 3846712
TI  - [Evaluation of the Swiss Nurses' Association's continuing education concept.
      Something has been accomplished--much remains to be done].

PMID- 3846713
TI  - [Fribourg's Symposium on Patients' Day 1985. The call for volunteers].

PMID- 3846714
TI  - [A national student organization? The preliminary work is finished].

PMID- 3846715
TI  - [Postoperative complications related to anesthesia. Problems during recovery].

PMID- 3846716
TI  - [Nurse in the prison environment. Before anything else a psycho-educational
      role].

PMID- 3846717
TI  - [The family and the care-givers: encounter between 2 systems].

PMID- 3846718
TI  - Move to home health.

PMID- 3846719
TI  - What home care means to nurses practicing it.

PMID- 3846720
TI  - Attracting client referrals.

PMID- 3846721
TI  - AIDS: some unanswered questions.

PMID- 3846722
TI  - Nursing revisited: profile Alice Howell Friedman. Interview by Ann Sheridan.

PMID- 3846723
TI  - Nursing revisited. "The Physicians' Hand": work culture and conflict in American
      nursing.

PMID- 3846724
TI  - Nursing in Latin America: a report of the 6th Congress of the Pan American
      Nursing Federation, December 1984.

PMID- 3846725
TI  - [Psychasthenia syndrome in children].

PMID- 3846726
TI  - [Medical gymnastics in hypertension in children and adolescents].

PMID- 3846727
TI  - [Clinical forms of endocrine infertility].

PMID- 3846728
TI  - [Medical gymnastics in chronic dust-induced bronchitis].

PMID- 3846729
TI  - [Sprayer for wetting the dressings in burns].

PMID- 3846730
TI  - [Support base for the hardware used in taking duodenal content specimens].

PMID- 3846731
TI  - [Bechterew's disease].

PMID- 3846732
TI  - [Psychological characteristics of the work of a nurse in the pediatric ward].

PMID- 3846733
TI  - [Work of the district nurse].

PMID- 3846734
TI  - [Raising the qualifications of the paramedical personnel of psychiatric
      institutions].

PMID- 3846735
TI  - [Herpes zoster (shingles)].

PMID- 3846736
TI  - [Dispensary care of persons with a history of acute pneumonia].

PMID- 3846737
TI  - [Outpatient polyclinical service for the rural population].

PMID- 3846738
TI  - [Role of the nurse in the rheumatology office in providing dispensary care].

PMID- 3846739
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy].

PMID- 3846740
TI  - [Fungal infections of the eyes].

PMID- 3846741
TI  - [Stevens-Johnson syndrome].

PMID- 3846742
TI  - [The child in the family].

PMID- 3846743
TI  - [Tobacco smoke--a poison for mankind].

PMID- 3846744
TI  - [The moral character and professional qualities of the paramedical worker].

PMID- 3846745
TI  - [Stomach cancer].

PMID- 3846746
TI  - Labor relations and collective bargaining.

PMID- 3846747
TI  - Asians in Britain.

PMID- 3846748
TI  - Enuresis.

PMID- 3846750
TI  - The homeopathic treatment of skin conditions.

PMID- 3846749
TI  - Feeding the young child.

PMID- 3846751
TI  - Midwifery and acupuncture.

PMID- 3846752
TI  - Lassa fever and pregnancy.

PMID- 3846753
TI  - Continuing education: where do we go from here?

PMID- 3846754
TI  - Complement factor D in uremia.

PMID- 3846755
TI  - Children: a priority?

PMID- 3846756
TI  - A systems approach to reducing waiting time in outpatient clinics.

PMID- 3846757
TI  - Comparative nursing hours in tertiary pediatric facilities.

PMID- 3846758
TI  - Nursing professional liability insurance: an analysis.

PMID- 3846759
TI  - Budgeting for variable staffing.

PMID- 3846760
TI  - Health policy formulation and analysis.

PMID- 3846761
TI  - Resigning with style.

PMID- 3846763
TI  - Tell the world your ideas.

PMID- 3846764
TI  - PR and nursing go hand in hand.

PMID- 3846762
TI  - Innovation--the only hope for times ahead?

PMID- 3846765
TI  - NAPNAP leader encourages pioneering.

PMID- 3846766
TI  - Good fortune for nurses.

PMID- 3846767
TI  - The spirit of volunteerism.

PMID- 3846768
TI  - Program for success.

PMID- 3846769
TI  - Don't wait! Do it now.

PMID- 3846770
TI  - 10 steps to creativity.

PMID- 3846771
TI  - How to find and keep nurses.

PMID- 3846773
TI  - Get involved in legislation.

PMID- 3846772
TI  - Returning to practice. A personal experience.

PMID- 3846774
TI  - Role change, stress,...and you! Moving up from clinical nurse to management.

PMID- 3846775
TI  - Consult a nurse expert!

PMID- 3846776
TI  - The new breed!

PMID- 3846777
TI  - Double-duty speeches can help you publish!

PMID- 3846779
TI  - Walk, don't run, for fitness.

PMID- 3846780
TI  - You can hold costs down.

PMID- 3846778
TI  - How can nurse managers make use of staff?

PMID- 3846781
TI  - Establishing a leadership style that shows you do care.

PMID- 3846782
TI  - It's your turn to give a speech!

PMID- 3846783
TI  - Nurse & doctor: teamwork works.

PMID- 3846785
TI  - Staff nurse power can solve problems.

PMID- 3846784
TI  - Confront coworkers with the truth! Use effective methods.

PMID- 3846786
TI  - Accept a challenge. New managers can learn on the job.

PMID- 3846787
TI  - Modular nursing. A move ahead.

PMID- 3846788
TI  - Help the public maintain mental health.

PMID- 3846789
TI  - Joint practice may be for you.

PMID- 3846790
TI  - Form and function: marry the two!

PMID- 3846791
TI  - Mold a future with creative nonconformity.

PMID- 3846792
TI  - Dyad: managing together.

PMID- 3846793
TI  - New measures to contain AIDS.

PMID- 3846794
TI  - Members fight post threat.

PMID- 3846795
TI  - Royal College of Nursing: worth a try--valid concern.

PMID- 3846796
TI  - Is Griffiths philosophy oldfashioned in modern care?

PMID- 3846798
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Timely review.

PMID- 3846799
TI  - Most complex piece of legislation has many implications for profession.

PMID- 3846800
TI  - What's it all about?

PMID- 3846797
TI  - Would silence have followed loss of deal?

PMID- 3846802
TI  - Royal College of Nursing: offers real hope.

PMID- 3846801
TI  - Long live life.

PMID- 3846803
TI  - In great danger.

PMID- 3846804
TI  - ENB consultation paper calls for 'close collaboration' between higher and further
      education and schools of nursing.

PMID- 3846805
TI  - Who is the odd man out?: the experience of Western Europe in containing the costs
      of health care.
AB  - Economic, demographic, and technological pressures have led at the same time to
      increased demands upon health services and the need to contain spending on health
      care. As the United States has focused singularly on an array of market
      mechanisms, Western European countries have each adopted a broader set of
      strategies along with limited de-insurance: innovative regulatory approaches and
      a move from compulsory health insurance models to flexible national health
      service models of providing health care. Pursuit of cost-containment in Western
      Europe has proceeded along with pursuit of quality and, above all else, equity.

PMID- 3846806
TI  - Chronic hazards and acute enforcement: dilemma for occupational health
      enforcement policy.
AB  - It is a well-understood principle of public health--and of disease control in
      general--that preventive efforts must be consistent with the natural history of a
      targeted disease. Governmental standards-setting and enforcement policies in
      occupational health confuse short-term strategies for safety hazard control with
      long-term disease control. Recent decisions in mining to rely on "significant and
      substantial" acute risk are incompatible with medical and epidemiological
      evidence on the nature and progress of chronic disease in many industries.

PMID- 3846807
TI  - High technology medicine: how defined and how regarded.
AB  - High technology--complex, expensive, restricted in availability, and requiring
      some form of explicit rationing--is bound to influence the medical task.
      Diagnosis, prognosis, decision, and management have all incorporated high
      technology, changing the hospital physician's role from one of private contractor
      to one of team member. Attitudes toward the balance between burden and benefit of
      high technology are as varied as are the conflicting vested interests among
      patients, professionals, society, industry, and government. Above all, it will
      take time for both patients and professionals to learn how to redefine
      expectations in a changing relationship.

PMID- 3846809
TI  - A demographic portrait of the oldest old.
AB  - Persons aged 85 years and over have been the most rapidly growing group for some
      time, although their numbers are yet relatively small. However meager the
      official data, they do reveal striking differences from other Americans,
      including a unique sex ratio, higher rates of institutionalization, and lower
      family income. Examination of recent demographic trends portends the direction of
      future changes among the oldest old.

PMID- 3846808
TI  - Introducing the "oldest old".
AB  - The mounting numbers of the very old--their percentage of the population will
      double in the next 15 years--is so new a phenomenon that there is little in
      historical experience to help in interpreting it. Not only are the older living
      longer, but they are also growing older in markedly different ways from their
      predecessors. The work at hand, still partial and tentative, indicates that the
      oldest old can no longer remain invisible in the economy, the polity, the health
      care system, or the statistical records.

PMID- 3846810
TI  - I.v. therapy quality assurance provides risk management.

PMID- 3846811
TI  - Parenteral chemotherapeutic agents.

PMID- 3846812
TI  - Use of protection by nurses during occupational handling of antineoplastic drugs.

PMID- 3846813
TI  - Can i.v. filtration be cost-justified?

PMID- 3846814
TI  - The how-to's of home care.

PMID- 3846815
TI  - A home i.v. antibiotic program.

PMID- 3846816
TI  - I.v. therapy record sheet.

PMID- 3846817
TI  - Will nursing assert itself?

PMID- 3846818
TI  - Creative management of impaired nursing practice.

PMID- 3846819
TI  - Mini on the scene: state nurses' associations and the impaired nurse.

PMID- 3846820
TI  - Professional impairment: strategies for managing the troubled nurse.

PMID- 3846821
TI  - Physical design implications for the performance evaluation process.

PMID- 3846822
TI  - Job satisfaction or dissatisfaction reported by registered nurses.

PMID- 3846824
TI  - Stress and rapid decision making in nursing: an administrative challenge.

PMID- 3846825
TI  - Disease prevention, health promotion, and aging: curricular trends.

PMID- 3846823
TI  - Depression in hospital nurses: implications for nurse managers.

PMID- 3846827
TI  - "So you've never had a mentor ... not to worry".

PMID- 3846826
TI  - Student stages and supervisory stance during a family study.

PMID- 3846828
TI  - On becoming a professional.

PMID- 3846829
TI  - Challenging RN students: practicing assessment skills in an urban rescue mission.

PMID- 3846830
TI  - Mentoring the novice.

PMID- 3846831
TI  - Futuring: planning for tomorrow's learner.

PMID- 3846832
TI  - Caring for patients who have abdominal cancer.

PMID- 3846833
TI  - More than you know.

PMID- 3846834
TI  - New drugs.

PMID- 3846835
TI  - Is nursing a profession?

PMID- 3846837
TI  - Suicide threat. Action stat!

PMID- 3846838
TI  - Perfecting your i.v. therapy techniques. Part II.

PMID- 3846836
TI  - A battle cry for Mr. MacDonald.

PMID- 3846839
TI  - More than skin deep. Guidelines on caring for the burn patient.

PMID- 3846840
TI  - Take no chances with fat embolism.

PMID- 3846841
TI  - Administering epinephrine in an emergency.

PMID- 3846843
TI  - Ed's code. Sharing.

PMID- 3846842
TI  - How to get a job--when getting a job is tough.

PMID- 3846844
TI  - Dressing: show them you mean business.

PMID- 3846845
TI  - Environment: the healing difference.

PMID- 3846846
TI  - Motivation: getting the medical units going again.

PMID- 3846847
TI  - CC productivity: the ego dimension.

PMID- 3846848
TI  - Documenting patient care: getting it all together.

PMID- 3846849
TI  - Praise: the powerhouse of self-esteem.

PMID- 3846850
TI  - The nurse and the surrogate mother.

PMID- 3846852
TI  - Decisions: how you reach them makes the difference.

PMID- 3846851
TI  - The future of nursing.

PMID- 3846853
TI  - Competition vs. collegiality.

PMID- 3846854
TI  - CICIAMS XIIIth World Congress. Why this theme: health personnel and human rights?

PMID- 3846856
TI  - 1985: a year in preparation of XIIIth World Congress.

PMID- 3846855
TI  - Healthy youth: our best resource.

PMID- 3846857
TI  - The right-to-know and the occupational health nurse.

PMID- 3846858
TI  - Community health nursing students: working and learning in the workplace.

PMID- 3846859
TI  - The high cost of low self-esteem.

PMID- 3846860
TI  - Holistic health promotion in the occupational health setting.

PMID- 3846861
TI  - Pre-retirement planning.

PMID- 3846862
TI  - OHNs in a cost containment environment: preparing to meet the challenge.

PMID- 3846863
TI  - Mass Mutual's wellness needs assessment.

PMID- 3846864
TI  - Plasma component of middle ear effusion evaluated by prekallikrein level.
AB  - Plasma leakage into middle ear was evaluated by the level of prekallikrein in
      middle ear effusions (MEE), measured by the fluorometric assay. Plasma leakage
      into middle ear is a major source of MEE, especially serous effusions. The degree
      of plasma leakage at the time of sampling is very low in mucoid effusions and
      varied in serous effusions. Active plasma leakage into middle ear would occur at
      the early restricted inflammatory phase in the middle ear.

PMID- 3846865
TI  - Smoking and the psych nurse.

PMID- 3846866
TI  - Reflections on "professional": meanings and issues.

PMID- 3846867
TI  - Third party reimbursement good for nurses and patients.

PMID- 3846868
TI  - What can nurses expect in the future?

PMID- 3846869
TI  - "A modest proposal"--nursing accreditation of hospitals is a powerful fantasy.

PMID- 3846870
TI  - Reflections on five years of private practice.

PMID- 3846871
TI  - [Function of the blood kallikrein-kinin system in surgical injury and hypoxia of
      the liver in experiments].

PMID- 3846872
TI  - Suicide: a preventable tragedy.

PMID- 3846873
TI  - Temperamental differences: a critical concept in child health care.

PMID- 3846874
TI  - Single fatherhood: how is it different?

PMID- 3846875
TI  - Assessing narcotic addiction in neonates.

PMID- 3846876
TI  - Attitudes toward breast-feeding among female high-school students.

PMID- 3846877
TI  - Emergency drug guidelines: a pediatric reference.

PMID- 3846878
TI  - Enuresis: treatment and overtreatment.

PMID- 3846879
TI  - Weaning the breast-fed toddler or preschooler.

PMID- 3846880
TI  - Pediatric drug information. What is the role of oral electrolyte solutions in
      diarrheal dehydration in children?

PMID- 3846882
TI  - Practical approaches to clinical research. Selecting the sample.

PMID- 3846881
TI  - Pediatric management problems (lead poisoning).

PMID- 3846883
TI  - Bovine surfactant (surfactant TA) therapy in immature baboons with hyaline
      membrane disease.
AB  - As a prelude to clinical trials with a bovine surfactant (surfactant TA), in
      human infants with hyaline membrane disease, pulmonary and hemodynamic changes
      following its instillation in premature baboons were investigated. Baboons,
      delivered by cesarean section at 141 +/- 3.5 days (mean +/- SD, 77% gestation),
      were provided with intensive care. At 2 hours of age in one group (n = 10), 100
      mg/kg of surfactant TA (reconstituted bovine surfactant, Tokyo Tanabe Co., Tokyo)
      was instilled into the lungs. Sequential measurements and monitoring of pulmonary
      and hemodynamic variables were carried out in these ten baboons and in a control
      group of five baboons for 16 hours, at which time the experiments were electively
      terminated. At birth, the pulmonary compliance, findings of chest radiographs,
      ratio of arterial PO2 to alveolar PO2, and respirator variables needed to
      maintain normal blood gas and acid base status were identical in both groups and
      indicative of severe hyaline membrane disease. Following surfactant instillation,
      the treated group demonstrated a rapid increase in PO2 with significantly
      improved ratio of arterial PO2 to alveolar PO2 (from a mean +/- SD pretreatment
      value of 0.21 +/- 0.11 to 0.45 +/- 0.11 by 16 hours). Pulmonary compliance
      improved similarly (from pretreatment value of 0.18 +/- 0.06 mL/cm H2O/kg to 0.27
      +/- 0.09 mL/cm H2O/kg). Significant reduction in respirator support variables
      could be achieved in all treated animals; however, in the control animals, the
      pulmonary status worsened as evidenced by increasing mean airway pressure and
      respirator variables to keep normal blood gas and acid base status, thus
      worsening compliance. At autopsy, pulmonary pressure-volume curves were
      significantly different with large hysteresis obtained in the surfactant-treated
      group. Although no deleterious effect on hemodynamics was noted in surfactant TA
      treated animals, a large patent ductus arteriosus was demonstrated by
      aortography. Increased lung blood flow, probably due to a large patent ductus
      arteriosus flow, was demonstrated by radiolabeled microsphere technique. The
      physiologic significance and clinical relevance of these findings in premature
      baboons treated with surfactant TA are discussed.

PMID- 3846885
TI  - Patterns in education: the unfolding of nursing.

PMID- 3846884
TI  - [Changes in the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood in bronchopulmonary diseases
      of young children].

PMID- 3846886
TI  - State-of-the-art technology: computers and curriculum.

PMID- 3846887
TI  - Nursing education: preparing for the future.

PMID- 3846888
TI  - Strategies for recruiting graduate faculty in nursing service administration.

PMID- 3846889
TI  - Credentialing: the thread between licensure, accreditation, and certification.

PMID- 3846891
TI  - Marketing continuing education programs in a climate of cost containment.

PMID- 3846890
TI  - The corporate connection: multihospital systems rekindle commitment.

PMID- 3846892
TI  - International nursing education.

PMID- 3846893
TI  - Preparing clinical specialists for prospective payment.

PMID- 3846894
TI  - Mission for the future of nursing education.

PMID- 3846895
TI  - Perspectives on the patterns of nursing education.

PMID- 3846896
TI  - Can single-purpose institutions provide baccalaureate education?

PMID- 3846897
TI  - A case for the single-purpose degree-granting college of nursing.

PMID- 3846898
TI  - A disease called 'egalitarianism': single-purpose institutions for nursing.

PMID- 3846899
TI  - Assessing single-purpose institutions through the accreditation process.

PMID- 3846900
TI  - Patterns in education: the unfolding of nursing. Building a knowledge base.
      Dialectics of theory development.

PMID- 3846901
TI  - The impact of computers on nursing.

PMID- 3846902
TI  - The nucleotide sequences of a cytoplasmic and a chloroplast tRNATyr from
      Scenedesmus obliquus.
AB  - The nucleotide sequences of two species of tyrosine accepting tRNA from the
      eukaryotic green alga Scenedesmus obliquus have been determined. The sequence of
      the cytoplasmic tRNATyr is: (sequence in text) This is the first chloroplast
      tRNATyr species to be sequenced.

PMID- 3846903
TI  - Compilation of tRNA sequences.

PMID- 3846904
TI  - Compilation of sequences of tRNA genes.

PMID- 3846905
TI  - When nurses ration patient care.

PMID- 3846906
TI  - The uphill battle for comparable worth.

PMID- 3846908
TI  - Bandwagons, parades, and panaceas.

PMID- 3846907
TI  - The growth of political action in nursing.

PMID- 3846909
TI  - Pioneering a new approach to professional education.

PMID- 3846910
TI  - International nursing: a force for knowledge development.

PMID- 3846911
TI  - Bringing professional issues alive.

PMID- 3846912
TI  - [Behavior of elderly couples at home and nursing intervention strategies centered
      on the married couple].

PMID- 3846913
TI  - Pediatric nurses' perception of pain experienced by children and adults.

PMID- 3846914
TI  - The status of cancer nursing research in Canada.

PMID- 3846915
TI  - Positive effects of education on nursing students' attitudes toward death and
      dying.

PMID- 3846916
TI  - Articulation and baccalaureate entry to practice.

PMID- 3846917
TI  - The teaching of systematic physical assessment in baccalaureate nursing
      programmes in Canada.

PMID- 3846918
TI  - A decision-making model for diagnosing and intervening in elder abuse and
      neglect.
AB  - There is an absence of empirical data about how health care providers
      operationally define and conceptualize abuse and neglect of the aged and the
      decision processes involved in assessing and identifying neglectful and abusive
      relationships. The grounded theory technique was used to formulate a 4-stage
      decision-making model. Tape-recorded interviews of a sample of 29 health care
      providers were coded and analyzed. The model identifies three types of decisions
      (diagnostic, value, and intervention) and the categories health care providers
      consider in making these decisions. The complexity of the decision processes is
      revealed in five pathways through the model. The hypotheses from the data can
      serve as a guide for future research aimed at assisting health care providers to
      make better decisions about intervening in situations where elders are being
      cared for by relatives in the home setting.

PMID- 3846920
TI  - Relationship of socialization and stress to perimenstrual symptoms, disability,
      and menstrual attitudes.
AB  - This study examined the influence of socialization and exposure to a stressful
      milieu on perimenstrual symptoms, related disability, and menstrual attitudes.
      Women (N = 179) aged 18 to 35 were interviewed using the Index of Sex Role
      Orientation, Schedule of Recent Events, Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire,
      and Menstrual Attitudes Questionnaire, Path analysis was used to assess a model
      based on Mechanic's (1962, 1980) concept of illness behavior for negative affect,
      pain, and water retention symptoms during the perimenstruum. Exposure to a
      stressful milieu was useful in explaining cyclic, recurrent symptoms of negative
      affect. Of all the symptom clusters, negative affect was found to be the most
      important cause of perimenstrual disability. Traditional socialization, intense
      negative affect symptoms, and related disability all influenced menstrual
      attitudes.

PMID- 3846919
TI  - Quality of life of hearing-impaired older women.
AB  - A survey of 66 hearing-impaired older women aged 54 to 96 years interviewed at
      home examined major influences on quality of life experienced by 27
      prevocationally deaf and 39 later onset subjects. A causal model was specified;
      the predictors of quality of life included age, age at onset of hearing loss,
      financial adequacy, social hearing handicap, perceived health, and functional
      social support. The model proposed that health, social support, hearing handicap,
      and financial adequacy would directly affect quality of life as well as mediate
      the effect of the demographic variables, age and age at onset of loss, on this
      outcome. Later onset subjects were hypothesized to have lower quality of life due
      to increased social hearing handicap, decreased health, and decreased functional
      social support. Results of the path analysis showed the best predictors of
      quality of life to be social hearing handicap, functional social support, and
      perceived health. The later onset group had an overall lower perception of
      quality of life, this relationship being mediated as predicted. Generally, the
      hypothesized causal model was supported with 34% of variance explained.
      Descriptive findings also supported a difference in social hearing handicap
      between the two groups, yielding several implications for nursing interventions.

PMID- 3846921
TI  - Work patterns of midlife female nurses.
AB  - The majority of studies on adult career development and adult development have
      been based on male samples, which generated male models. When a woman's work was
      taken into consideration, it was frequently viewed narrowly as being either
      present or absent. The present study identified work patterns followed by female
      nurses now at midlife. Structured interviews were conducted with 47 midlife
      nurses aged 46 to 59 who graduated in the 1950s from one diploma school of
      nursing. The four work patterns that emerged from the data included the stable
      pattern, the double-track pattern, the interrupted pattern, and the unstable
      pattern.

PMID- 3846922
TI  - Comparison of professional activities of nurse doctorates and other women
      academics.
AB  - This study compared professional activities of nurse doctorates with those of
      academic women doctorates in other disciplines. The Biographical-Professional
      Activities Questionnaire, completed by 219 respondents, assessed biographical
      data and six faculty indexes: primary academic function, percentage of time
      devoted to specific academic functions, professional publications, research
      grants received, consultation, and professional meetings attended. The findings
      indicated that teaching was the primary academic function for both groups,
      academic women spent significantly more time on research activities and published
      more journal articles, and nurse doctorates spent more time on administrative
      activities. Few other significant differences were found between nurse-doctorate
      faculty and other academic women in these research institutions when controlling
      for years since doctorate.

PMID- 3846923
TI  - Physiologic circadian rhythmicity in preterm infants.
AB  - This study investigated evidence of a circadian rhythm in the physiologic
      variables of transcutaneous oxygen (tcPO2) level, pulse rate, respiratory rate,
      frequency of respiratory pauses, and skin temperature in six 34- to 37-week
      preterm infants. A value for each variable was noted every 30 minutes for 24
      hours, providing 245 observations for each infant. An adaptation of cosinor
      analysis, a least squares procedure that determines the cosine curve for a 24
      hour period that best fits the observed pattern of values, was applied to the
      data. Statistically significant circadian rhythmicity was found for five of the
      six subjects with regard to skin temperature. Significant circadian rhythm was
      also demonstrated in two or three patients for all other variables. No
      significant consistent synchrony for individual variables across subjects was
      found. Actual peak values of respiratory pause frequency and trough values of
      tcPO2, however, occurred between midnight and 4:30 A.M. for every infant. Preterm
      infants exhibited evidence of a circadian rhythm in skin temperature, and tcPO2
      and respiratory pause frequency exhibited day/night pattern characteristics.

PMID- 3846924
TI  - Oxygen uptake and cardiovascular responses in control adults and acute myocardial
      infarction patients during bathing.
AB  - Physiological responses before, during, and after three types of baths were
      determined in 18 patients who were 5 to 17 days postinfarction and 22 control
      adults. In the patients, oxygen consumption (VO2) averaged 6, 7, and 7 ml/kg/min,
      peak heart rate 105, 108, and 112 beats per minute, and rate pressure product
      115, 120, and 111 for basin, tub, and shower bathing, respectively. Oxygen
      consumption during bathing was less than 3 times resting levels. The patients had
      a significantly lower VO2 during bathing than the control subjects. The patients'
      peak heart rates were higher than anticipated for the level of exertion, and
      sometimes exceeded the target heart rates used in predischarge testing. Peak
      heart rate and occurrence of dysrhythmia did not differ significantly between the
      three types of baths. In the women patients, rate pressure product was
      significantly higher after tub bath than after basin bath or shower. The subjects
      had no cardiovascular symptoms during bathing, rated all three baths as light
      exertion, and disliked the basin bath. The data show that the physiologic costs
      of the three types of baths are similar, differences in responses to bathing seem
      more a function of subject variability than bath type, and many cardiac patients
      can take a tub bath or shower earlier in their hospitalization. However, more
      research is needed to predict patients likely to have an exaggerated response to
      bathing and to develop clear guidelines for bath method selection and
      progression.

PMID- 3846925
TI  - A reexamination of nursing role conceptions.
AB  - This study tested 101 beginning nurses for the relationships of three personality
      variables, ego development, sex typing, and assertiveness, to role conceptions
      and role conception combinations. Responses were examined on four self-completion
      questionnaires. Two research questions guided the study; one examined the
      relationships of the personality variables to role conceptions and the other
      examined the contribution of the personality variables to the role conception
      combinations. The correlation analysis for the first research question indicated
      that of all the variables examined, the femininity (F) and masculinity-femininity
      (MF) sex-typing attributes contributed most toward understanding which nurses
      were likely to hold particular role conceptions. Both of these sex-typing
      attributes were related to two role conceptions; F was related to professional
      role and service role conceptions, MF to bureaucratic and service role
      conceptions. Assertiveness was also significantly related to the professional
      role conception. The multivariate analysis of variance, used to examine the
      second research question, indicated that the nurses in the four role combinations
      (the number of roles held to a high degree) differed in their mean scores on some
      combination of one or more personality variables. Follow-up analyses indicated
      the MF score and the androgynous sex-typing category were both significantly
      higher for nurses who held all three role conceptions to a high degree.

PMID- 3846926
TI  - The Health Self-Determinism Index.
AB  - This study is a psychometric evaluation of a new measure of motivation in health
      behavior. The Health Self-Determinism Index was completed by 202 randomly
      selected adults via a mail survey. The multidimensionality of the construct was
      supported through the factorial isolation of four subscales: self-determined
      health judgments, self-determined health behavior, perceived competency in health
      matters, and internal-external cue responsiveness. These four factors accounted
      for 56% of the total explained variance in the measure. The alpha reliability
      coefficient for the total scale is .84; the internal consistency of the four
      subscales is supported by alpha reliability coefficients of .75, .75, .67, and
      .69, respectively. With refinement, this measure will enable exploration of
      client antecedents and correlates of motivation in health behavior. Further,
      specific nursing interventions can be examined for their ability to alter
      clients' motivation in relation to specific health behaviors. Finally, the role
      of motivation in predicting health outcomes can be explored.

PMID- 3846927
TI  - Patient education in a public hospital.

PMID- 3846928
TI  - Validity, reliability, and neither.
AB  - Some studies of measuring instruments are validity studies. Others are
      reliability studies. Still others, such as the investigation of the stability of
      a construct and the correlation between the scores on two different levels of the
      same test, are neither. Authors of test manuals and of journal articles dealing
      with certain tests should label them accordingly as substantive studies, not
      methodological investigations.

PMID- 3846929
TI  - An avoidable disease.

PMID- 3846930
TI  - Infertility under the microscope.

PMID- 3846932
TI  - Nurses and theology. The professional spirit.

PMID- 3846931
TI  - Patten's recipe for success.

PMID- 3846933
TI  - From asthmatic to addict.

PMID- 3846934
TI  - An age-old problem.

PMID- 3846935
TI  - Treponemal diseases of man.

PMID- 3846936
TI  - Raynaud's disease.

PMID- 3846937
TI  - Management: spanner in the works.

PMID- 3846938
TI  - Retrospective evaluation of two courses for senior nurses.

PMID- 3846939
TI  - Spotlight on children.

PMID- 3846940
TI  - Children are different.

PMID- 3846941
TI  - A European perspective. Interview by Michael Arton.

PMID- 3846942
TI  - Rinse out!

PMID- 3846943
TI  - Farleigh: a bitter saga.

PMID- 3846944
TI  - A quid each day keeps the budget at bay.

PMID- 3846945
TI  - Guidelines on sidelines.

PMID- 3846947
TI  - Mental health dilemmas. Speaking up for the patient.

PMID- 3846948
TI  - Mental health dilemmas. Matter of commitment.

PMID- 3846946
TI  - When the pressure gets too much.

PMID- 3846949
TI  - Education: all in the family.

PMID- 3846950
TI  - Handling brittle bone children.

PMID- 3846951
TI  - Prophylactic regimes for routine cystoscopy.

PMID- 3846952
TI  - Management: costing duty rotas.

PMID- 3846953
TI  - Asian expectations.

PMID- 3846954
TI  - The day of the yam.

PMID- 3846955
TI  - Backchat: legally disabled.

PMID- 3846956
TI  - Lifeline on the road to Sudan.

PMID- 3846957
TI  - Rape. The double victim.

PMID- 3846958
TI  - Rape. Survivor's advocate.

PMID- 3846959
TI  - Close encounters.

PMID- 3846961
TI  - Budgeting for beginners. Time is money.

PMID- 3846960
TI  - Systems of Life No. 125. Setting up the systems--25. Appendicular skeleton.

PMID- 3846962
TI  - Take your partner by the hand....

PMID- 3846963
TI  - Autoimmune disease.

PMID- 3846964
TI  - Backchat. Whose job is it anyway?

PMID- 3846965
TI  - Life in the B & B.

PMID- 3846966
TI  - Training for the front line.

PMID- 3846967
TI  - A battle for independence.

PMID- 3846968
TI  - Management: taking a lead.

PMID- 3846969
TI  - Student observations. Fluid balance charts.

PMID- 3846970
TI  - Decompression sickness. Coming up for air.

PMID- 3846971
TI  - Clinical. Heart-to-heart.

PMID- 3846972
TI  - Cause for complaint. Lost property.

PMID- 3846973
TI  - Mental health nursing. What's in a name?

PMID- 3846974
TI  - Mental health nursing. Reflective image.

PMID- 3846976
TI  - Symposia on hospice and compassionate care and the dying experience.

PMID- 3846975
TI  - Mental health nursing. Throwing down the gauntlet.

PMID- 3846977
TI  - Grief and bereavement. Healing through hurt.
AB  - Based on the premise that understanding bereavement as a natural healing process
      provides a foundation for nursing assessment and intervention, this article
      focuses on adult reactions to grief. Suggestions for facilitation of healthy
      grieving in survivors including staff and for sensitive, caring, and empathetic
      responses are included. Nurses are challenged to use creative ways to help
      bereaved persons build bridges to health, not walls to loneliness.

PMID- 3846978
TI  - Sources of hospice staff stress and how to cope with it.
AB  - This article is an overview of stresses affecting hospice caregivers and provides
      a qualitative analysis of stress arising from the dynamics of patient and family
      care as well as the inner and environmental aspects of stress experienced by
      inpatient and home care nursing staff. A description of coping mechanisms used by
      hospice caregivers is provided and preventive measures to counter stress and
      burnout are discussed.

PMID- 3846979
TI  - Continuing education for hospice staff.
AB  - Hospice nursing is unique because of the philosophy and issues surrounding
      hospice care. Program planning for hospice staff follows basic principles. The
      real challenge in developing programs for orientation, continuing, and inservice
      education is using a format that will truly enable staff to meet the objectives.
      A lecture, programmed instruction, or video/slide format works well for the "nuts
      and bolts," but more creativity is needed for the other issues facing the hospice
      nurse--death, grief, symptom control, stress, team roles, and helping patients
      with options. Incorporating into the program some of the methods suggested will
      offer staff the opportunity to become involved in learning and make that learning
      more meaningful.

PMID- 3846980
TI  - Symposium on compassionate care and the dying experience. Hope: its spheres and
      dimensions.
AB  - The phenomenon of hope has been described according to spheres and dimensions.
      The two spheres and six dimensions of hope, deduced from interviews and
      observations of elderly patients with cancer and tested on another population,
      serve as a theoretical model for understanding the complex nature of hope. They
      provide a perspective for assessing hope and for therapeutically influencing hope
      in persons during the last phases of life and in their families. Analysis of data
      suggests hope is a multidimensional, dynamic life force rather than trait
      oriented and unidimensional. Therefore, there is always hope. The nursing
      challenge is to understand how hope may be operative, in order to facilitate and
      support this indispensable resource throughout the illness experience, but
      perhaps most importantly, during the last phase of a person's life.

PMID- 3846981
TI  - Elements of empathic care for dying patients and their families.
AB  - Empathy presents unique challenges to the nurse who cares for dying patients and
      their families. It must be a focused process in which the nurse exhibits
      genuineness, warmth, and a positive regard for the patient's concerns. This
      article explores a philosophical framework as well as the behavioral and
      attitudinal aspects of the empathic process in relationships with the patient and
      family members.

PMID- 3846982
TI  - Loneliness: a concept relevant to the care of dying persons.
AB  - Loneliness, whether conceptualized as a basic "fact" of human existence or as a
      painful, subjective experience in response to changes or deficiencies in the
      quality or quantity of a person's social relationships, has been recognized as an
      experience feared or felt by human beings since antiquity. As health care
      professionals, nurses have observed and responded to loneliness as an actual or
      potential problem amenable to nursing intervention. Being a subjective experience
      and one which may or may not be connected to the more objective condition of
      social isolation or aloneness, loneliness has puzzled scholars and researchers
      across disciplines. Although the nature of loneliness as a relational deficit is
      beginning to be explicated, particularly through the efforts of social
      psychologists, there are still major questions to be answered with regard to
      antecedents, manifestations, and interventions. Dying persons may represent a
      particularly vulnerable group, especially those dying in an acute care/cure
      oriented setting. Since the limited knowledge about the nature of loneliness has
      been acquired primarily through studying college students or young adults, the
      question of whether or not their experience is comparable to that of other groups
      remains to be answered. Nurses continue to make clinical judgments about the
      loneliness of their patients. They basically are guided by a knowledge of
      affiliative functioning, and their interventions reflect a goal of optimal,
      social functioning for individuals experiencing or at-risk for loneliness.

PMID- 3846983
TI  - Spiritual support for the dying.
AB  - Diversity of spiritual beliefs and practice is respected as guidelines and
      practical interventions for the nurse providing spiritual support are presented.
      Spirituality and spiritual support are defined, and four areas of spiritual needs
      of dying clients are identified. Interdisciplinary collaboration is also
      discussed.

PMID- 3846984
TI  - Symposium on compassionate care and the dying experience. Alterations in comfort.
AB  - This article discusses the alterations in comfort that occur most frequently in
      the dying patient. Common priorities of patients are identified with appropriate
      nursing interventions detailed.

PMID- 3846985
TI  - Loss and terminal illness.
AB  - The experience of terminal illness can best be viewed as a situation of multiple
      losses involving the dying person, family members and friends, and the health
      care providers engaged in offering services to them. It is a major transition
      during which the central participants must cope with the personal meanings of the
      forthcoming death as well as other losses brought about by the disease process,
      medical treatments, and the need to provide care for the dying person. How
      families adapt to the stresses and changes imposed by the experience of living
      with dying depends on their previous experiences with death, their established
      patterns of communication about serious matters, and their decision-making
      practices. Some individuals and families are at greater risk than others for
      developing maladaptive responses and behaviors during and after the experience of
      terminal illness. Risk factors to be considered in making hypotheses about the
      potential for maladaptive reactions include the strength of the attachment to the
      dying person, uncontrollable and distressing symptoms, and coping limitations
      associated with age and other factors contributing to increased vulnerability to
      the demands of continuous change. Working effectively with different kinds of
      families during the transition of terminal illness can best be accomplished
      within a conceptual framework built upon knowledge about people undergoing
      change. The concept of safe conduct can serve as an overall guide for the
      creation of nursing services designed to offer personalized care and
      accessibility of professional help at times of maximum need by the family.
      Assisting dying patients and their families toward the achievement of their
      personal goals is fundamental to the idea of safe conduct. The delivery of
      nursing care in terminal illness requires an orientation to assessment as an
      ongoing process that makes use of knowledge about disease processes, medical
      treatments, individual and group adaptations to loss, risk factors suggestive of
      maladaptive responses, and family dynamics in relation to crisis and change.
      Although nurses bring expert knowledge about available treatments and resources,
      the process of assessment and decision-making about what needs to be done can be
      best accomplished through a process of contracting with the patient and family.
      These mutual agreements need to be concerned with the establishment of specific
      goals, plans for achieving them, available resources within the family, division
      of responsibility, time limits on the achievement of objectives, and mutual
      evaluation of the process and the outcomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3846986
TI  - Integrating theories of crisis intervention into hospice home care teaching.
AB  - The theories and techniques of crisis intervention are discussed as they apply to
      teaching patients and families in the home hospice setting. Personal
      responsibility and self-management of the dying process is emphasized.

PMID- 3846987
TI  - Supportive care for families of dying children.
AB  - This article has reviewed the effects on the family system of the experience of
      living with a dying child. The importance of facilitating open channels of
      communication between the child who is dying, the mother, father, and the
      caregivers are discussed with examples of parents' and childrens' concerns and
      questions about the dying process. Finally, it is suggested that research
      conducted by a nurse researcher on families of children who are dying may itself
      be considered an intervention.

PMID- 3846989
TI  - Bowel habits in the elderly.

PMID- 3846988
TI  - Clinical revision. 1. Constipation.

PMID- 3846990
TI  - Education. A case of mistaken responsibility.

PMID- 3846991
TI  - Research. 2. Reviewing the literature.

PMID- 3846992
TI  - Cervical screening: is Clarke sexist?

PMID- 3846993
TI  - Patient's page. Professional detachment or plain thoughtlessness?

PMID- 3846994
TI  - Trauma '85. Alcohol: how much is too much?

PMID- 3846995
TI  - Down your way. Centre stage.

PMID- 3846996
TI  - Psychiatry. Long-stay break.

PMID- 3846997
TI  - Community. Primary health care nurse of the future.

PMID- 3846998
TI  - Infant feeding.

PMID- 3846999
TI  - Mental handicap. A most desirable residence.

PMID- 3847000
TI  - How much are you worth?

PMID- 3847001
TI  - Research. Under the microscope.

PMID- 3847002
TI  - Research series. 3. Selecting the right method.

PMID- 3847003
TI  - Management. A programme for planning.

PMID- 3847004
TI  - Solvent abuse in Glasgow.

PMID- 3847005
TI  - Clinical revision series. 2. The continent ileostomy.

PMID- 3847006
TI  - Preventing postoperative venous thrombosis.

PMID- 3847007
TI  - The development of the national illness service.

PMID- 3847010
TI  - Down your way. A clean slate.

PMID- 3847008
TI  - Too young to live.

PMID- 3847009
TI  - Education. All that glisters...

PMID- 3847011
TI  - Monitoring the nursing process.

PMID- 3847012
TI  - Monitoring the nursing process. Going for goals.

PMID- 3847013
TI  - Advanced nursing practice. Creativity, enthusiasm, diplomacy.

PMID- 3847014
TI  - Conspiracy of silence.

PMID- 3847015
TI  - Care before concepts.

PMID- 3847016
TI  - Asian infant feeding.

PMID- 3847017
TI  - Pulling together.

PMID- 3847018
TI  - In defence of the profession.

PMID- 3847019
TI  - Profile of a pioneer. Interview by Anthony Carr.

PMID- 3847020
TI  - Health education. Eat yourself healthier.

PMID- 3847021
TI  - Educating the critically ill.

PMID- 3847022
TI  - Education. Games nurses play.

PMID- 3847023
TI  - Research series. 4. Collecting the data.

PMID- 3847024
TI  - Legionnaires' disease: mountain out of a molehill?

PMID- 3847025
TI  - Practice, Let like cure like.

PMID- 3847027
TI  - Clinical revision series. 3. Congestive cardiac failure.

PMID- 3847026
TI  - Trauma '85. A burning problem.

PMID- 3847028
TI  - Management. Chewing over the future.

PMID- 3847029
TI  - Education. Scoring after extra time.

PMID- 3847030
TI  - Mental handicap. Let's give them a chance!

PMID- 3847031
TI  - Research series. 5. Analysing the data.

PMID- 3847032
TI  - Fun, but no fire.

PMID- 3847034
TI  - Establishing therapeutic relationships.

PMID- 3847033
TI  - Clinical revision series. 4. Aplastic anaemia.

PMID- 3847035
TI  - Learning before advancing.

PMID- 3847036
TI  - Nursing problem patients.

PMID- 3847037
TI  - [Advanced nursing practice. Psychological therapy in affective disorders].

PMID- 3847038
TI  - Psychiatry. But what do CPNs actually do?

PMID- 3847039
TI  - Practice. Advancing country by country.

PMID- 3847040
TI  - Psychiatry. Five stars for Fermoy.

PMID- 3847042
TI  - Trauma '85. Gunshot wounds to the head.

PMID- 3847041
TI  - Good days and bad days.

PMID- 3847043
TI  - Clinical revision series. 5. Carpal tunnel syndrome.

PMID- 3847045
TI  - Health visiting the elderly.

PMID- 3847044
TI  - Occupational health. One on the road.

PMID- 3847046
TI  - The myth of the menopause.

PMID- 3847047
TI  - Menopausal support.

PMID- 3847048
TI  - Development of fetoscopy.

PMID- 3847049
TI  - From now 'til 2000....

PMID- 3847050
TI  - Education. In a whirlpool.

PMID- 3847051
TI  - Mental health. A word in your head.

PMID- 3847052
TI  - Research series. 6. Presenting the report.

PMID- 3847053
TI  - Management. Officers need aims.

PMID- 3847054
TI  - Matters of conscience. Telling the truth.

PMID- 3847055
TI  - Nursing care study. Blessing in disguise.

PMID- 3847056
TI  - Altered image.

PMID- 3847057
TI  - Coming out of the shell.

PMID- 3847058
TI  - Overhaul the shift system.

PMID- 3847059
TI  - Oncology nursing society study of antineoplastic drugs.

PMID- 3847060
TI  - Membership in action through guidelines for cancer nursing practice.

PMID- 3847061
TI  - Weight gain among stage II breast cancer patients: a study of five factors.

PMID- 3847062
TI  - Biologicals in cancer treatment: future effects on nursing practice.

PMID- 3847063
TI  - Quality assurance for hospice programs.

PMID- 3847064
TI  - Patterns of nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy patients: a preliminary study.

PMID- 3847066
TI  - Private practice in oncology nursing.

PMID- 3847065
TI  - Comparison of a cancer-specific locus of control and the multidimensional health
      locus of control scales in chemotherapy patients.

PMID- 3847067
TI  - Nutritional teaching cards.

PMID- 3847068
TI  - Getting our "C's" in order.

PMID- 3847069
TI  - Why form a certification corporation.

PMID- 3847070
TI  - Selecting an instrument to measure dyspnea.

PMID- 3847071
TI  - Toxicity of ochratoxin A and vanadium to growing chicks.
AB  - The effects of ochratoxin A (OA) and vanadium (V), singly and in combination,
      were determined in male Leghorn chicks from 1 to 28 days of age. The chicks were
      fed a control diet containing the following additives: A) none; B) 2.5 mg OA/kg;
      C) 50 mg V/kg; D) 2.5 mg OA plus 50 mg V/kg. These data show that body weight
      gains were significantly reduced by OA and V singly, and a toxicity-enhancing
      synergism exists between OA and V, which caused a further reduction in
      performance. The OA-V combination caused a significant increase in the relative
      weights of the liver, kidney, gizzard, and proventriculus and a significant
      decrease in the relative weights of the bursa of Fabricius. This decrease in
      bursal weight was due to atrophy of lymphoid follicles as indicated by the
      increase in the histologic lesion score. Uric acid in serum was increased, and
      albumin, calcium, and phosphorus were decreased in the OA-V combination group.
      There were also small but significant changes in the hematological parameters
      measured. Distribution of OA to the liver and kidney was not altered, nor was the
      distribution of V to the liver, kidney, or muscle tissue. Histologic lesions in
      kidneys were mild but were more prevalent in chicks in the OA-V combination
      group.

PMID- 3847072
TI  - Advances and innovations in craniofacial surgery.

PMID- 3847073
TI  - Establishing a craniofacial anomalies family support group.

PMID- 3847074
TI  - Facial deformity and social development.

PMID- 3847075
TI  - From a patient's point of view.

PMID- 3847076
TI  - A team approach to the child with a craniofacial defect.

PMID- 3847077
TI  - Craniofacial deformities: an historical and etiological perspective.

PMID- 3847078
TI  - Pain management: extending the expertise of a cancer center to the community.

PMID- 3847079
TI  - Analgesic consultation.

PMID- 3847080
TI  - Japanese field-testing of WHO guidelines.

PMID- 3847081
TI  - Setting up a microcomputer database for a pain clinic.

PMID- 3847082
TI  - Deplorable nursing alleged: death results.

PMID- 3847083
TI  - Thorazine injected; pt. dies: criminal charges. Case in point: people v. Nygren
      (696 P. 2d 270--CO).

PMID- 3847084
TI  - Legal case briefs for nurses. MI: epileptic pt. drowns: nurses terminated. IL:
      R.N.'s, M.D.'s & limitations: double standard.

PMID- 3847085
TI  - Chaos in labor/delivery: quadraplegic born. Case in point: Schultz v. Mutch (211
      Cal. Rptr. 445--CA).

PMID- 3847086
TI  - [The ureters. (II). Observations on ureterostomies].

PMID- 3847087
TI  - [Materials and technics. The cardiac monitor].

PMID- 3847088
TI  - [Physiopathology, epidemiology and prognosis of laryngeal cancers].

PMID- 3847089
TI  - [Total laryngectomy. Indications, development and complications].

PMID- 3847090
TI  - [Anesthesia-recovery in total laryngectomy].

PMID- 3847091
TI  - [Role of the circulating nurse].

PMID- 3847093
TI  - [Role of the instrument nurse].

PMID- 3847092
TI  - [Anatomy of the larynx].

PMID- 3847094
TI  - [Round table. Colonic irrigation].

PMID- 3847095
TI  - [Maintenance of the operating rooms].

PMID- 3847096
TI  - [Physiology of the larynx and of the pharynx].

PMID- 3847098
TI  - Muscle imbalance and extremity injury. A perplexing relationship.

PMID- 3847097
TI  - Muscular exercise and fatigue.
AB  - The development of muscular fatigue during exercise is a common phenomenon, and
      several forms depend on the precise type of exercise performed. The causes are
      still not clearly established, although the involvement of electrical and
      metabolic factors have been demonstrated. Several techniques which allow for the
      analysis of muscle function in terms of electrical activation and energy
      metabolism are (a) a needle biopsy of muscle for histochemical and metabolic
      studies, (b) magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the non-invasive study of muscle
      energy metabolism and pH, (c) electromyographic analysis of the electrical
      characteristics of muscle, and (d) percutaneous electrical stimulation of muscle
      for the force-frequency and relaxation characteristics of muscle. Endurance
      training increases the capacity to sustain exercise possibly by altering muscle
      energy metabolism and contractile properties. Fatigue is a self-protective
      mechanism against the damage of contractile machinery of muscle as, for example,
      with the development of rigor, which occurs if the energy stores are depleted. To
      illustrate the roles of energy supply and electrical properties in muscle in
      fatigue, the 'catastrophe theory' used in engineering has been applied. This may
      explain abrupt changes of function of individual muscle cells, while for the
      muscle as a whole, fatigue may be manifested as a more gradual loss of force.

PMID- 3847099
TI  - [Phototherapy: treatment of neonatal icterus].

PMID- 3847100
TI  - [Diet in digestive system diseases (III)].

PMID- 3847101
TI  - [Cardiopulmonary resuscitation].

PMID- 3847102
TI  - [Fundamental anatomophysiological characteristics of the venous system].

PMID- 3847103
TI  - [Nursing studies as seen by the alumnae of Santiago].

PMID- 3847104
TI  - [The ostomized patient].

PMID- 3847105
TI  - [Nurse's role in control programs for sexually transmitted diseases].

PMID- 3847106
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (A.I.D.S.)].

PMID- 3847107
TI  - [Nutritional equilibrium].

PMID- 3847108
TI  - [Maintenance of the Swan-Ganz catheter in the pediatric intensive care unit].

PMID- 3847109
TI  - [The nurse facing new technics: psychopedagogic approach].

PMID- 3847110
TI  - [Protection of the hospital against fires].

PMID- 3847111
TI  - [When anaerobics become pathogenic].

PMID- 3847112
TI  - [Blood transfusion: compatibility of preserved blood with intravenous solutions].

PMID- 3847113
TI  - ['P.A.E.' in a school center].

PMID- 3847114
TI  - [Congenital hypothyroidism in newborn infants].

PMID- 3847115
TI  - [Intervention for electric risks in the electrosurgery unit].

PMID- 3847116
TI  - [Electricity and electric conduction in a patient care environment].

PMID- 3847117
TI  - [Intervention for electric risks in the operating room].

PMID- 3847118
TI  - Resolving conflicts without coming to blows.

PMID- 3847119
TI  - The trauma patient with multiple fractures.

PMID- 3847120
TI  - Meeting the challenge of craniotomy care.

PMID- 3847121
TI  - What you can do now to make better doctors.

PMID- 3847122
TI  - Clearing up gastric suction setbacks.

PMID- 3847123
TI  - What kind of food poisoning is it?

PMID- 3847124
TI  - A high-tech approach to a GI problem.

PMID- 3847125
TI  - How to spot the suit-prone patient.

PMID- 3847126
TI  - Bedside nursing means heart-to-heart care.

PMID- 3847127
TI  - Is your patient really ready for surgery?

PMID- 3847128
TI  - Recruiters can't wait for tomorrow.

PMID- 3847129
TI  - [Erythrocin].

PMID- 3847130
TI  - [Ponderal Retard].

PMID- 3847131
TI  - [Pityriasis versicolor or tinea versicolor].

PMID- 3847132
TI  - [Trichomycosis-erythrasma].

PMID- 3847133
TI  - [Kerions].

PMID- 3847134
TI  - [Tinea capitis].

PMID- 3847135
TI  - [Vulvovaginitis].

PMID- 3847136
TI  - [Candidiasis].

PMID- 3847137
TI  - [Mycoses. Special problems].

PMID- 3847138
TI  - [Mycoses. Introduction].

PMID- 3847139
TI  - [Deep mycoses].

PMID- 3847140
TI  - [Treatment of mycoses].

PMID- 3847141
TI  - [Nursing care of tinea].

PMID- 3847142
TI  - [Judiciary record. Global financing].

PMID- 3847143
TI  - [Rights and obligations of nursing students. Myth or reality?].

PMID- 3847144
TI  - [Mycology technics].

PMID- 3847145
TI  - [Dermatophytoses].

PMID- 3847146
TI  - [Timoptol].

PMID- 3847147
TI  - [Blood transfusions].

PMID- 3847148
TI  - [Non-alcoholic cirrhosis].

PMID- 3847149
TI  - [Prognosis and treatment of cirrhosis].

PMID- 3847150
TI  - [Changes in alcohol consumption when cirrhosis is named].

PMID- 3847151
TI  - [Punctures of ascites].

PMID- 3847153
TI  - [Attitude of care personnel faced with alcoholic cirrhotic patients].

PMID- 3847152
TI  - [Assessment of Mr. B's hepatomegaly].

PMID- 3847154
TI  - [Comparative study of various rotation systems in hospital departments].

PMID- 3847155
TI  - [What can be expected of esthetic surgery of the nose?].

PMID- 3847156
TI  - [Definition, histopathology and etiology of cirrhoses].

PMID- 3847157
TI  - [Nozinan].

PMID- 3847158
TI  - [Ergonomics, a help in occupational health. A Swiss opinion].

PMID- 3847159
TI  - [Socioprofessional mobility and mental vulnerability. Apropos of migration and
      changes in living locales].

PMID- 3847160
TI  - [Preventive assistance to teachers in trouble].

PMID- 3847161
TI  - [Analysis of work at the service of prevention in occupational psychopathology.
      Some teachings from Belgian research].

PMID- 3847162
TI  - [Occupational accidents: objective data and perceived realities].

PMID- 3847163
TI  - [Encounter or 2 years with a mentally retarded patient].

PMID- 3847164
TI  - [Working conditions and fatigue].

PMID- 3847165
TI  - [Sectral].

PMID- 3847166
TI  - [Aneurysms of the thoracic aorta].

PMID- 3847167
TI  - [Physiopathology of aneurysms].

PMID- 3847168
TI  - [Circulatory assistance or intra-aortic counter pulsation].

PMID- 3847169
TI  - [Anatomopathological aspects of aortic aneurysms].

PMID- 3847170
TI  - [Utrogestan].

PMID- 3847171
TI  - [Ulceronecrotizing enterocolitis. Care and monitoring in the acute phase].

PMID- 3847172
TI  - [Oxygen therapy].

PMID- 3847173
TI  - [A case of ulceronecrotizing enterocolitis. Care and monitoring of a child with
      an ileostomy and a central catheter].

PMID- 3847174
TI  - [Nutritional requirements of early childhood].

PMID- 3847175
TI  - [Thermal regulation of the premature infant].

PMID- 3847176
TI  - [The adolescent and voluntary interruption of pregnancy in the hospital milieu].

PMID- 3847177
TI  - [Premature infants, parents, care-givers].

PMID- 3847178
TI  - [Extemporaneous examination in mammary pathology].

PMID- 3847179
TI  - [Radiotherapy of mammary cancer].

PMID- 3847180
TI  - [Cytopunctures, drill biopsies and tru-cut needle in the diagnosis of breast
      cancer].

PMID- 3847181
TI  - [Curietherapy of mammary cancers].

PMID- 3847182
TI  - [Following cancer radiotherapy: kinesitherapy and rehabilitation].

PMID- 3847183
TI  - [Mrs. R's breast cancer].

PMID- 3847184
TI  - [Intensive chemotherapy in day hospitals].

PMID- 3847185
TI  - [Anatomopathologic report and breast cancer].

PMID- 3847186
TI  - [General hypothermia and local frost injury].

PMID- 3847187
TI  - [Dying is a natural part of living. Encounter at St. Joseph's hospice].

PMID- 3847188
TI  - [Introduction to a discussion: continuing education in clinical nursing. Summary
      of recommendations at the 1985 national meeting].

PMID- 3847189
TI  - [NSH (Norwegian Nursing University) to UiO (University in Oslo): what does the
      transfer mean for nurses?. Interview by Bjorn Arild Ostby].

PMID- 3847190
TI  - [Family in crisis--need for cross-professional team work].

PMID- 3847191
TI  - [Infection prevention activities: good hospital hygiene--a part of the
      procedures].

PMID- 3847192
TI  - [Transport services in radical change. Nursing's role in ambulance services].

PMID- 3847194
TI  - [NSF's (Norwegian Nurses' Association) cooperation with work-force
      organizations].

PMID- 3847193
TI  - [Gerontopsychiatry--a neglected field in nursing].

PMID- 3847195
TI  - [Nursing University or University of Oslo: faculty attachment or own institute?].

PMID- 3847196
TI  - [District leaders. District's professional activities should be reinforced].

PMID- 3847197
TI  - [Danish investment in improved hospital hygiene: new educational offer to Danish
      hygiene nurses].

PMID- 3847198
TI  - [Joint continuing education for nurses in primary health care?].

PMID- 3847199
TI  - [Geriatric dementia--does it get effective institutional treatment?].

PMID- 3847200
TI  - [NSF (Norwegian Nurses' Association) is committed to the continental shelf.
      Interview by Jofrid Bjorkvik].

PMID- 3847201
TI  - [Cross-professional cooperation in the nursing home: medication regime could be
      improved].

PMID- 3847202
TI  - [Continuing education in clinical nursing].

PMID- 3847203
TI  - [Increased need for home nursing. Connecting link between home and institution].

PMID- 3847204
TI  - [Children in front of the television screen].

PMID- 3847205
TI  - [Functional capacity and self care level in a selected group of elderly in the
      Bergen community].

PMID- 3847206
TI  - [District leader. Information activities in the district].

PMID- 3847207
TI  - [Nurses'  work environment].

PMID- 3847208
TI  - [Continuing education and operation room nursing].

PMID- 3847210
TI  - [Odelsting unanimous: ambulance services are district communal responsibility].

PMID- 3847211
TI  - [Stranglehold on midwifery services could be released].

PMID- 3847209
TI  - [Asgard--how it can go when nurses speak to deaf ears].

PMID- 3847212
TI  - [Primary nursing care or team nursing--how can we organize patient-centered
      nursing care?].

PMID- 3847213
TI  - [New challenges for health visitors. Preventive activities with persons
      attempting suicide. Interview by Bjorn Arild Ostby].

PMID- 3847214
TI  - [From home nursing in Ostfold: terminal care at home].

PMID- 3847215
TI  - [National meeting of the LNS (National Norwegian Student Nurses' Organization):
      fight against cutbacks and reduced practice training].

PMID- 3847216
TI  - [Protective units for senile dementia. Treatment offer or emergency solution?].

PMID- 3847217
TI  - [6-hour workday--consequences for nursing services].

PMID- 3847218
TI  - [The Philippines--world's largest exporter of nurses].

PMID- 3847219
TI  - [District leaders. Use of part-time positions--a job problem for women].

PMID- 3847220
TI  - [Nursing care load in homes for the aged. Homes for the aged--nursing home
      without nurses].

PMID- 3847221
TI  - [A special nursing school in Cairo].

PMID- 3847222
TI  - [Acute pain and practical nursing care. II].

PMID- 3847223
TI  - [District leaders. Nursing home--custodial care or dignified care?].

PMID- 3847224
TI  - [6-hour days--unequal strategies].

PMID- 3847225
TI  - [Hallingdal Infirmary. A health care level which adjusts to nursing needs].

PMID- 3847226
TI  - Activation of factor XII and prekallikrein with cholesterol sulfate.
AB  - Cholesterol sulfate was found to display a strong ability to trigger the
      activation of Factor XII and prekallikrein in the presence of HMW kininogen.
      Other sulfate ester derivatives of testosterone, estrone, pregnenolone and
      dehydroepiandrosterone and cholesterol tested did not show any effect on the
      activation of Factor XII and prekallikrein. The activity of cholesterol acetate
      and sulfodeoxycholic acid was very weak. Cholesterol sulfate markedly shortened
      the partial thromboplastin time of normal human plasma, but not plasmas deficient
      in Factor XII, Factor XI and HMW kininogen. Upon prolonged incubation, the
      partial thromboplastin time of prekallikrein-deficient plasma was also shortened.
      Moreover, as well as kaolin and sulfatide, cholesterol sulfate shortened the
      partial thromboplastin time of plasmas from monkey, dog, rat, guinea pig, sheep,
      cow, hog and horse, but not from duck and chicken. Since cholesterol sulfate is
      distributed in erythrocytes, various organs and body fluids, it may play an
      important role in the activation of the intrinsic blood coagulation system.

PMID- 3847227
TI  - [The homeless and health care provisions. I. Behavior and characteristics of the
      homeless, their care and problems with health care provisions].

PMID- 3847228
TI  - [Professional innovation and social developments].

PMID- 3847230
TI  - [The Recommendation Nursing Professional Profile of the National Council for
      Public Health].

PMID- 3847229
TI  - [Burnout: the risk for nurses and patients].

PMID- 3847231
TI  - [Current treatment of hemophilia].

PMID- 3847232
TI  - [Everyday power wielding by psychiatric nurses].

PMID- 3847233
TI  - [Relation therapy for mentally retarded children with emotional disturbances; a
      psychotherapeutic method].

PMID- 3847234
TI  - [Characteristics of the nursing situation. Developments in the methods and
      systems of nursing. IV].

PMID- 3847235
TI  - [Medical information for nurses. The shattered lower leg. II: surgical therapy].

PMID- 3847236
TI  - [Code of behavior for nurses? On the desirability and the possibility of a
      professional code].

PMID- 3847237
TI  - [Medical data and patients' opinion on the hospital regimen].

PMID- 3847238
TI  - [Obesity and dieting. The remedy worse than the disease?].

PMID- 3847239
TI  - [The application of interpersonal skills therapy in the psychiatric hospital].

PMID- 3847240
TI  - [Pastoral care in its infancy].

PMID- 3847241
TI  - How has cholecystectomy surgery changed?

PMID- 3847242
TI  - Use a checklist for successful open house.

PMID- 3847244
TI  - OR teamwork pays off!

PMID- 3847243
TI  - Know the law for organ donations.

PMID- 3847245
TI  - OR nursing roles in research: an orthopaedic model.

PMID- 3847246
TI  - [Kallikrein-kinin system of the synovial fluid in closed injury to the knee
      joint].
AB  - State of the kallikrein-kinin system components (activity of kallikrein and total
      esterase activity of trypsin-like enzymes) was studied in synovial fluid at the
      acute period of the knee joint closed injury. The kallikrein activity as well as
      the esterase activity of trypsin-like enzymes correlated completely with clinical
      manifestations of the reactive arthritis. These enzymes appear to have a definite
      importance in development of inflammation in the joint.

PMID- 3847247
TI  - Healthy youth: our best resource.

PMID- 3847248
TI  - How adequate is the training of students in the accident and emergency
      department?

PMID- 3847249
TI  - [Saliva and wound healing following tooth extraction].

PMID- 3847250
TI  - Activation of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system through activation of factor
      XII.

PMID- 3847251
TI  - Code of ethics: fact or fiction.

PMID- 3847252
TI  - How a suit starts.

PMID- 3847253
TI  - Diaphragmatic hernia. Low stress = higher survival.

PMID- 3847254
TI  - Top schools' top texts.

PMID- 3847255
TI  - Dyspnea in advanced cancer.

PMID- 3847256
TI  - Dyspnea in advanced cancer. Putting the patient in control.

PMID- 3847257
TI  - What teaching nursing homes are teaching us.

PMID- 3847258
TI  - Female circumcision.

PMID- 3847259
TI  - AJN job focus. The Texas point of view.

PMID- 3847260
TI  - Wound care forum. A dialogue on wound care.

PMID- 3847261
TI  - Assessment-driven patient care records.

PMID- 3847262
TI  - The death of a hospital.

PMID- 3847263
TI  - Clearance and metabolism of glandular kallikrein in the rat.
AB  - This study was undertaken to characterize the clearance of circulating rat
      glandular kallikrein and to determine the contribution of various organs and the
      urinary excretion to the removal of glandular kallikrein from the bloodstream. We
      injected either active 125I-kallikrein or kallikrein inactivated with
      phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (125I-PMSF-kallikrein) intravenously into intact or
      nephrectomized rats and then studied the disappearance rate of trichloroacetic
      acid (TCA)-precipitable radioactivity from the circulation. Inactivation by PMSF
      markedly reduced the binding of kallikrein to plasma protease inhibitors. The
      removal rate of the acid-precipitable radioactivity fit a biexponential curve for
      both active and inactive kallikrein. In the intact rats approximately 50% of the
      radioactivity was removed from the circulation 30 min after the injection of
      active 125I-kallikrein. Removal of the kidneys did not significantly affect the
      clearance of active kallikrein. On the other hand, inactive 125I-PMSF-kallikrein
      was removed from blood faster than active 125I-kallikrein in normal animals.
      Approximately 50% of the radioactivity was removed from the circulation 8 min
      after the injection, and the half-life of inactive 125I-PMSF-kallikrein was
      markedly prolonged by bilateral nephrectomy. Active 125I-kallikrein was taken up
      by tissues, particularly the liver and the kidney. In urine, less than 2% of the
      radioactivity was excreted in 60 min as TCA-precipitable material. We concluded
      that glandular kallikrein is cleared rapidly from the circulation of the rat,
      probably in the form of a complex with a plasma protease inhibitor.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3847264
TI  - Directions for nursing research: toward the twenty-first century.

PMID- 3847265
TI  - [Disorders of the kallikrein-kinin system in patients with chronic kidney failure
      during hemodialysis treatment].

PMID- 3847266
TI  - Nurse practitioner groups from coalition.

PMID- 3847267
TI  - Study shows school NPs improve children's access to health care.

PMID- 3847268
TI  - RNs are 'naturals' for adult day care.

PMID- 3847270
TI  - Diverse program, lively house mark NSNA meeting.

PMID- 3847269
TI  - ANA Board report on titling: what it's all about.

PMID- 3847271
TI  - [A cause of neonatal hemorrhage: thrombopenia by platelet alloimmunization].

PMID- 3847272
TI  - In vitro activities of rifapentine and rifampin, alone and in combination with
      six other antibiotics, against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant
      staphylococci of different species.
AB  - The antistaphylococcal activity of rifapentine, a new rifamycin SV derivative,
      was evaluated in vitro and compared with that of rifampin. A total of 313
      staphylococcal strains freshly isolated from clinical material and including
      representatives of all currently recognized Staphylococcus species of human
      origin were used. The susceptibility to methicillin of all the test strains was
      determined preliminarily. Despite minor differences with some species, the MICs
      of rifapentine were found to be substantially similar to those of rifampin.
      Methicillin-resistant strains of all species were most resistant to rifapentine
      and rifampin than were their methicillin-susceptible counterparts. For most
      strains tested, the MBCs of both rifamycins exceeded by twofold the respective
      MICs. Both the checkerboard dilution and time-kill methods were used to determine
      the interactions of rifapentine or rifampin with six different antibiotics:
      cefamandole, vancomycin, teicoplanin, gentamicin, erythromycin, and fusidic acid.
      No significant differences between the two rifamycins in the combinations were
      observed against either methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant strains.
      Minor differences were noted depending on the second antibiotic tested or the
      staphylococcal species examined. Antagonism was never observed, and indifference
      was the prevalent response. Cases of synergism were observed occasionally with
      the checkerboard method and slightly more often with the time-kill method.

PMID- 3847273
TI  - Comparative activity of the quinolones against anaerobic bacteria isolated at
      community hospitals.
AB  - The in vitro activity of five quinolone compounds, amoxicillin, and clindamycin
      against 118 strains of anaerobic bacteria isolated at community hospitals was
      determined by an agar dilution method. Nalidixic acid and cinoxacin had poor
      activity, and norfloxacin and enoxacin showed relatively poor activity.
      Ciprofloxacin was active against Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium species,
      Clostridium perfringens, and gram-positive cocci. At peak levels achievable in
      the feces, norfloxacin and enoxacin had moderate activity.

PMID- 3847275
TI  - Reconsidering the "market model" in obstetrics. Part III. Nursing.

PMID- 3847274
TI  - In vitro activity of cefbuperazone against anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - The in vitro activity of cefbuperazone was compared with that of cefoxitin,
      moxalactam, and piperacillin against 305 strains of anaerobic bacteria.
      Piperacillin was the most active overall, inhibiting 97% of all anaerobes tested
      at 128 micrograms/ml. Cefbuperazone had poor activity against the Bacteroides
      fragilis group and Clostridium difficile (43 and 0% susceptible, respectively)
      but good activity (90.5%) against all other anaerobic bacterial species tested.

PMID- 3847276
TI  - Lessons from the Dublin study of electronic fetal monitoring.

PMID- 3847277
TI  - Adapting hospital obstetrics to birth in the squatting position.

PMID- 3847278
TI  - Beyond risks and rates in obstetric care. 1.

PMID- 3847279
TI  - Human urinary proteinase inhibitor: inhibitory properties and interaction with
      bovine trypsin.
AB  - The major urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) was found to inhibit bovine
      chymotrypsin and human leucocyte elastase strongly, cathepsin G weakly. No
      inhibition of porcine pancreatic elastase was observed. The stoichiometry of the
      inhibition of bovine trypsin by UTI was determined spectrophotometrically to be
      1:2 (I/E molar ratio). After incubation of UTI with this enzyme in various molar
      ratios, two complexes (C1 and C2) could be visualized in alkaline polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. C1 was isolated by affinity chromatography on Con-A
      Sepharose. In dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, C1 was
      dissociated to give an inhibitory band with the same electrophoretic mobility as
      native UTI. C2 released an active inhibitory fragment with Mr near 20000. A time
      course study demonstrated that at a molar ratio I/E of 1.5:1, the C2 complex
      appears after two hours of incubation.

PMID- 3847280
TI  - Nurse practitioners: do they really practice nursing?

PMID- 3847282
TI  - Is there anyone out there?

PMID- 3847281
TI  - The effect of aging on cell-free protein synthesis in the free-living nematode
      Turbatrix aceti.
AB  - The age-related reduction in cell-free protein synthesis in the free-living
      nematode Turbatrix aceti is due to a defect in the ribosomes. Addition of young
      ribosomal wash or use of young medium does not improve the activity of old, run
      off ribosomes in the presence of phenylalanine and poly(U). It appears that some
      of the old ribosomes are incapable of binding the EF-1-GTP-aminoacyl-tRNA
      complex. These ineffective ribosomes are present in the 80 S (monosomal)
      fraction. Old ribosomes obtained from polysomes appear to bind normally.

PMID- 3847283
TI  - "Reach out and touch someone".

PMID- 3847284
TI  - A simulated practice environment: Computerville Regional Hospital.

PMID- 3847285
TI  - Study of the impact of an environmental change on the elderly.

PMID- 3847286
TI  - Psychogeriatric therapies and counselling.

PMID- 3847287
TI  - Group therapy with the elderly--a non-traditional example.

PMID- 3847288
TI  - Evaluation of in vivo and in vitro effectivity of immune defense against a
      spontaneously arising, nonlymphoid rat tumor. I. Analysis of natural immune
      defense.
AB  - Possible mechanisms of natural defense against a nonimmunogenic, nonlymphoid rat
      tumor were evaluated in vitro and examined for effectivity in vivo, using BSp6S,
      the subcutaneously grown transplantation line of a spontaneously arising
      fibrosarcoma in the BDX rat strain, which is highly susceptible to natural killer
      (NK) cells and macrophages (Mo). The role of nonspecific immune defense in vivo
      was demonstrated by eliminating NK cells by irradiation and Mo by silica
      treatment. Especially after depletion of NK cells a significant acceleration of
      tumor growth and a reduction in the number of cells required for tumor takes was
      observed. Activation of Mo by Corynebacterium parvum (CP) did lead to retardation
      of tumor growth; prevention of tumor growth was only achieved after inoculation
      of a marginal dose of tumor cells. Activation of NK cells was of minor influence.
      It is concluded that NK cells and Mo are the main influences on survival time,
      the effectiveness of NK cells being limited to early periods of tumor growth.

PMID- 3847289
TI  - Effect of a thymic factor, thymostimulin, on growth and pulmonary metastases of
      Lewis lung carcinoma.
AB  - The antitumor and antimetastatic activities of a thymic factor, thymostimulin (TP
      1), with or without cyclophosphamide (CPA) were examined in C57BL/6 mice
      inoculated with Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL). Tumor growth was followed by
      determining the tumor diameter after tumor implantation. TP-1 given to mice every
      2 days after tumor implantation significantly inhibited tumor growth without
      affecting the survival rate. For induction of spontaneous pulmonary metastases,
      3LL cells were implanted into the footpads of mice, and the implanted tumor was
      removed on day 9. The antimetastatic effect of TP-1 on pulmonary metastases after
      removal of the primary tumor was evaluated by counting the number of pulmonary
      surface nodules. TP-1 showed antimetastatic activity depending on its time of
      administration and dose. Combined therapy with TP-1 plus CPA significantly
      prolonged the survival of mice with pulmonary metastases. The cytolytic
      activities of spleen cells on 3LL cells were enhanced in mice treated with TP-1
      and/or CPA and the cytolytic activity of nonadherent spleen cells, the T-cell
      population, was enhanced. The role of cytolytic spleen cells in inhibiting and
      preventing metastases was discussed.

PMID- 3847290
TI  - Muramyl dipeptide analogues as potentiators of the antitumor action of endotoxin.
AB  - The potentiation of endotoxin-induced necrosis and regression of solid syngeneic
      Meth A tumors in mice previously observed following administration of N
      acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) was investigated further by use of
      various muramyl peptide analogues and two unrelated synthetic adjuvants, viz. the
      pluronic polyol L121 and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) instead of
      MDP. All agents were administered in aqueous solution by the IV route. None of
      the muramyl peptide analogues nor L121 or DDA had any strong antitumor action of
      their own. Two 6-O-acylated muramyl peptides (L2-MDP and B30-MDP) and muramyl
      dipeptide stearoyllysine [MDP-Lys (L18)] clearly potentiated endotoxin-induced
      necrosis and regression. In contrast, MDP with L- instead of D-isoglutamine was
      completely inactive. Optimal activity of B30-MDP and MDP-Lys (L18) was only
      achieved by adding of suitable amounts of a nonionic surfactant. L121 and DDA
      could not replace muramyl peptides as potentiating agent. The combination of
      endotoxin, MDP, and L121 caused complete tumor regression in all mice, but was
      highly toxic. On the basis of the data in the literature on the biological
      response-modifying activities of the agents used it is concluded that the
      potentiating activity of muramyl peptides cannot yet be related to their
      immunoadjuvant action or their capacity to activate macrophages or to enhance
      nonspecific bacterial resistance.

PMID- 3847291
TI  - Conjugation of methotrexate to IgG antibodies and their F(ab)2 fragments and the
      effect of conjugated methotrexate on tumor growth in vivo.
AB  - Methotrexate (MTX) was first conjugated to antibovine serum albumin IgG (antiBSA)
      or its F(ab)2 fragment to define conditions for retention of drug and antibody
      activity. With identical drug: protein molar ratios, incorporation in the F(ab)2
      fragment was lower than in intact antiBSA, an observation consistent with
      analysis of the number of lysine residues (22 in F(ab)2 compared to 40 in
      antiBSA). In either case, up to approximately 10 mol MTX could be incorporated
      per mol protein, with recovery of 70% of the protein. At an incorporation ratio
      of 6 mol MTX per mol protein, MTX-antiBSA retained 100% of antibody activity and
      MTX-F(ab)2-antiBSA retained 75%. MTX-antiBSA and MTX-F(ab)2antiBSA were equally
      potent in vitro inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase. Conjugates prepared from
      antiEL4 IgG (AELG) and from F(ab)2AELG significantly increased survival in EL4
      lymphoma-bearing mice compared with mice receiving equal amounts (5 mg MTX/kg) of
      free MTX, MTX linked to the F(ab)2 fragment of normal rabbit IgG, or a simple
      mixture of MTX and F(ab)2AELG. MTX-AELG at this dose level produced longer
      survival than MTX-F(ab)2AELG (0.005 less than P less than 0.01).

PMID- 3847293
TI  - How the continuing education process works.

PMID- 3847292
TI  - Secretory component in breast cancer. Analysis of the levels in primary and
      metastatic disease.
AB  - Levels of secretory component (SC) were measured in breast tumors from 95
      patients with primary or metastatic cancer. Tumor cytosols were prepared by
      polytron disruption and high speed centrifugation (105,000 g X 30 min) and SC was
      measured using a sensitive radioimmunoassay which detects primarily free SC. In
      frozen samples stored for up to 5 months SC resisted degradation and could be
      measured quantitatively without interference. In primary tumors from patients
      between ages 28 and 97, SC positive samples ranged from 4 ng/mg protein to 600
      ng/mg protein. In metastatic lesions, SC positive samples ranged no higher than
      46 ng/mg protein. The studies indicate that SC can be measured quantitatively in
      both primary and metastatic tumors and that prolonged storage does not interfere
      with measurements of SC. The wide variation in SC levels in primary tumor samples
      may be related to a susceptibility to metastasis. Further, the low levels of SC
      in metastatic lesions could indicate a potential for SC involvement in immune
      regulation of tumor growth.

PMID- 3847294
TI  - Survey results of past and present applicants of CNA's approval process.

PMID- 3847295
TI  - Provision of CE: a bureaucratic nightmare.

PMID- 3847296
TI  - Symposium on pleural diseases.

PMID- 3847297
TI  - Exudative pleural effusions secondary to gastrointestinal diseases.
AB  - Several different diseases of the gastrointestinal tract may have an associated
      exudative pleural effusion. In the acutely ill patient with a pleural effusion,
      the possibility of esophageal perforation should always be considered. It is
      important to establish this diagnosis as soon as possible since the mortality
      rate increases markedly if drainage of the mediastinum is delayed for even 12 or
      24 hours. The best screening test for esophageal rupture is the level of amylase
      in the pleural fluid. All patients with undiagnosed exudative pleural effusions
      should have the amylase level in their pleural fluid measured to rule out a
      pancreatic etiology for their pleural effusion. In patients with acute
      pancreatitis, the clinical presentation may be dominated by chest symptoms. Such
      patients have small to moderately sized pleural effusions that resolve rapidly
      once appropriate therapy is instituted. If symptoms persist, the possibility of a
      pancreatic abscess or a pancreatic pseudocyst should be considered. Patients with
      pancreatic pseudocysts may develop a sinus tract between the pseudocyst and the
      pleural space. In this situation a large pleural effusion develops. Frequently
      there are no abdominal symptoms and the diagnosis will not be made unless a
      pleural fluid amylase is obtained. Patients with exudative pleural effusions that
      contain predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocytes should be suspected of having
      an intra-abdominal abscess, particularly when there is no associated parenchymal
      infiltrate. Subphrenic, intrahepatic, and splenic abscesses all have a high
      incidence of accompanying pleural effusion. Abdominal CT scanning is the method
      of choice to establish each of these diagnoses.

PMID- 3847298
TI  - Nonmalignant pleural disease related to asbestos exposure.
AB  - Asbestos and other mineral fibers are well known to cause pleural changes. These
      changes are of various types, the most common being pleural plaques, which are
      slowly growing and of little clinical importance. Other benign changes include
      asbestos pleurisies, rounded atelectases, and other pleuropulmonary changes.

PMID- 3847299
TI  - Pneumothorax.
AB  - Pneumothorax is a common clinical problem encountered by both surgical and
      medical physicians. Air leaks into the pleural space occur either spontaneously
      or as a result of traumatic tears in the pleura following chest injury or
      surgical procedures. Therapy is directed at removing air from the pleural space,
      re-expanding the underlying lung, and preventing recurrences.

PMID- 3847300
TI  - Chylothorax and pseudochylothorax.
AB  - Both chylothorax and pseudochylothorax are characterized by milky or turbid
      pleural effusions. The importance of distinguishing these two conditions cannot
      be overemphasized because the prognosis and management are different.

PMID- 3847301
TI  - Transudative pleural effusions.
AB  - A transudative pleural effusion develops when the systemic factors influencing
      the formation or absorption of the pleural fluid are altered. The pleural
      surfaces are not involved by the primary pathologic process. The diagnosis of
      transudative effusion is simple to establish by examining the characteristics of
      the pleural fluid. Transudates have all of the following three characteristics:
      The ratio of the pleural fluid to the serum protein is less than 0.5. The ratio
      of the pleural fluid to the serum LDH is less than 0.6. The pleural fluid LDH is
      less than two thirds the upper limit of normal for the serum LDH. Among the
      conditions that produce transudative pleural effusion, congestive heart failure
      is by far the most common. Pulmonary embolism, cirrhosis of the liver with
      ascites, and the nephrotic syndrome are the other common causes. Management of
      transudative pleural effusions involves managing the primary disease. Refractory,
      massive effusions can be controlled by tetracycline pleurodesis.

PMID- 3847302
TI  - Parapneumonic effusions and empyema.
AB  - Nearly 50 per cent of patients with acute bacterial pneumonia have an
      accompanying pleural effusion (parapneumonic effusion). With appropriate
      antibiotic therapy, the pleural effusion will resolve along with the pneumonia in
      the majority of patients. However, in a small fraction, the pleural effusion will
      not resolve unless drainage of the pleural space is instituted. Such patients are
      said to have complicated parapneumonic effusions. It is important to identify
      patients with complicated parapneumonic effusions as early as possible, since
      tube drainage of the pleural space becomes increasingly difficult the longer its
      institution is delayed. The possibility of a complicated parapneumonic effusion
      should be considered in every patient with bacterial pneumonia. If both
      diaphragms cannot be distinctly identified throughout their length on the lateral
      chest radiograph, decubitus chest radiographs should be obtained. If the
      thickness of the fluid on the decubitus radiograph is greater than 10 mm, a
      diagnostic thoracentesis should be performed. Only pleural fluid analysis can
      identify patients with complicated parapneumonic effusions. Complicated
      parapneumonic effusions are characterized by low pleural fluid pH and glucose
      levels, a high pleural fluid LDH, and a positive Gram stain of the pleural fluid.
      Tube thoracostomy should be performed immediately in a patient with an acute
      bacterial pneumonia if the pleural fluid glucose is below 40 mg per 100 ml, the
      pleural fluid pH is below 7.00, or if the Gram stain of the pleural fluid is
      positive. Patients with pleural fluid pH above 7.20, pleural fluid LDH below 1000
      IU per L, and pleural fluid glucose levels above 40 mg per 100 ml respond well to
      only the administration of appropriate antibiotics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3847303
TI  - Mycobacterial, fungal, actinomycotic, and nocardial infections of the pleura.
AB  - Granulomatous pleuritis is relatively common, comprising about 10 per cent of all
      pleural effusions. A search for the etiologic agent is important since
      mycobacteria, fungi, and the higher bacteria Actinomyces and Nocardia produce
      similar clinical, radiographic, and pleural fluid findings. The appropriate use
      of diagnostic tests including pleural biopsy and serologic techniques is
      discussed, as are current approaches to the management of these infections.

PMID- 3847305
TI  - [Psychocybernetics and nursing--in search of more meaningful encounters with
      patients].

PMID- 3847304
TI  - Pleural effusion associated with pulmonary embolization.
AB  - Pulmonary embolization should be considered as a possible cause of any pleural
      effusion of unknown etiology. This disorder may be the one that is most commonly
      overlooked in the work-up of patients with pleural effusions. Although para
      embolic effusions have classically been considered to be bloody exudates with a
      predominance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, many such effusions have none of
      these characteristics. Up to 25 per cent may be transudates and the RBC count
      exceeds 100,000 per mm3 in fewer than 20 per cent of such effusions. The WBC may
      range from less than 100 to more than 50,000 cells per mm3. Characteristics of
      these effusions are so variable that no diagnostic patterns can be said to occur.
      Paraembolic effusions usually begin to resolve within a few days after
      institution of anticoagulant therapy, although those that are associated with
      parenchymal infiltrates may resolve more slowly. Unless complications occur
      (which are rare), pulmonary embolism with associated pleural effusion is treated
      no differently than is pulmonary embolism without effusion.

PMID- 3847306
TI  - [Definition of psychiatry--establishment of scientific psychiatry(2)].

PMID- 3847307
TI  - [Nursing study: case study series. 4. Part I. Application of 2 years of learning
      to clinical practice].

PMID- 3847308
TI  - [Nursing study: case study series. 4. Part II. Comment on the students' reports].

PMID- 3847309
TI  - [Nursing study: case study series. 4. Part III. Discussion on the application 2
      years of learning to clinical practice].

PMID- 3847310
TI  - [Care and man: on "listening"--through telephone conversations on the hot line].

PMID- 3847311
TI  - Welfare benefits. Defying the directive.

PMID- 3847312
TI  - District nursing. Extra-sensory nurse.

PMID- 3847313
TI  - Community care. No place to go.

PMID- 3847314
TI  - Nursing process. For the record.

PMID- 3847315
TI  - Incontinence. Are they being served?

PMID- 3847316
TI  - Summer fever.

PMID- 3847317
TI  - Incontinence. Mix and match.

PMID- 3847318
TI  - Health visiting. From Alipor to Batley.

PMID- 3847319
TI  - Immunisation. Improving the uptake.

PMID- 3847320
TI  - Matters for concern. Training at the crossroads.

PMID- 3847321
TI  - Diabetic specialists--why not.

PMID- 3847322
TI  - Shaping the future of nursing through political awareness and action.

PMID- 3847323
TI  - A day in the life of Adelaide Chapman, R.N.

PMID- 3847324
TI  - These nurses are not teaching, they're doing.

PMID- 3847325
TI  - Elective cardioversion: a standard for patient care.

PMID- 3847326
TI  - Temporary A-V sequential pacing using an epicardial lead system.

PMID- 3847327
TI  - Acute tumor lysis syndrome: pathophysiology and nursing management.

PMID- 3847328
TI  - Transposition of the great arteries.

PMID- 3847329
TI  - Alternate considerations in the treatment of cholinesterase-inhibitor insecticide
      poisoning.

PMID- 3847330
TI  - Patient care conferencing.

PMID- 3847331
TI  - Rocaltrol (calcitriol/Roche).

PMID- 3847332
TI  - Mystery arrhythmia.

PMID- 3847333
TI  - Mini-EKG.

PMID- 3847334
TI  - The concept of crisis and the care of the critically ill patient.

PMID- 3847335
TI  - Microbial toxins and diarrhoeal disease.

PMID- 3847337
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin as an enterotoxin.
AB  - The classical enterotoxins are known primarily for their ability to cause emesis
      and diarrhoea in cases of staphylococcal food poisoning but they also exhibit
      other biological activities. The seven antigenic types of toxin have molecular
      weights in the range 25 000-35 000. All types induce emesis in man and monkey and
      are of comparable potency. The enterotoxins seem to induce emesis by stimulating
      neural receptors in the intestine rather than acting on the medulla directly. The
      mechanism whereby diarrhoea is produced is unclear. Another product of
      Staphylococcus aureus which meets the more recent definition of an enterotoxin is
      the delta toxin. This toxin is an amphipathic peptide having an Mr of 2977 and
      possessing the ability to interact with a variety of hydrophobic substances. It
      is cytotoxic, can increase vascular permeability in guinea-pig skin, and can
      increase cellular cyclic AMP levels in guinea-pig ileum. In the ileum delta toxin
      also inhibits water absorption, apparently by increasing the bidirectional
      movement of Na+ and Cl- across the mucosa. This response does not appear to be
      mediated by cyclic AMP since the changes in ion fluxes precede the increases in
      cellular cyclic AMP levels. In high doses delta toxin also elicits a positive
      response in the neonatal mouse after intragastric inoculation.

PMID- 3847336
TI  - Shigella toxin and the pathogenesis of shigellosis.
AB  - Shigella dysenteriae 1 produces a periplasmic protein with multiple toxic effects
      in vivo and in vitro. These include neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity and
      enterotoxicity, as well as the ability to inhibit cell-free protein synthesis.
      The purified toxin is a protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 64 000. It is
      composed of one catalytically active A subunit (Mr = 32 000) that inhibits
      protein synthesis, and a complex of five B monomers (Mr approximately 6500 each).
      Studies using subunit-specific antibodies demonstrate that the B subunit mediates
      the binding of toxin to toxin receptors in the cell membrane. In a model system
      in HeLa cell culture, the surface membrane receptor has been shown to be a
      glycoprotein, most probably asparagine-linked, and to contain oligomeric beta 1--
      -4 linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Studies with metabolic inhibitors and agents
      that disrupt the cytoskeleton, and/or alter the pH and function of acidic
      cytoplasmic vesicles, provide indirect evidence that toxin is transported from
      the cell surface to the cell interior. This process is probably receptor-mediated
      endocytosis, since it is also inhibited by amines that prevent receptor-mediated
      uptake of other ligands in well-characterized systems. The toxic action in the
      HeLa cell is due to the subsequent inhibition of protein synthesis which results
      from catalytic inactivation of the 60S ribosomal subunit and the cessation of
      polypeptide chain elongation. Inhibition of protein synthesis by toxin produced
      subsequent to bacterial invasion of colonic epithelial cells could explain the
      destructive lesions found in shigellosis. Although toxin can induce jejunal
      secretion in animal models, there is at present no clear explanation for the
      secretory response of the gut mucosa in shigella infection.

PMID- 3847338
TI  - Toxins which activate adenylate cyclase.
AB  - Cholera toxin and other heat-labile enterotoxins have the same subunit structure
      (A5B) and all catalyse the mono ADP-ribosylation of Ns, a regulator of adenylate
      cyclase, probably at an arginine residue. They also ADP-ribosylate a variety of
      other membrane and soluble proteins at much slower rates. The rates differ from
      protein to protein but it may be that every arginine residue in every protein is
      ADP-ribosylated at some slow rate. A guanine nucleotide triphosphate is required
      for the ADP-ribosylation of the major (Ns) and minor substrates alike. It used to
      be thought that all the substrates were GTP-binding proteins but this cannot be
      so. Rather, the GTP is required because it has to bind to some additional site on
      the membrane, termed 'S', in a cooperative event that involves a soluble protein
      called cytosolic factor (CF). If we expose erythrocyte membranes to CF and the
      GTP analogue Gpp(NH)p we can later extract in detergent a factor or complex that
      confers upon naive erythrocyte membranes the ability to be ADP-ribosylated.
      Pertussis toxin also has an A5B structure and acts on an intracellular substrate
      for ADP-ribosylation, namely the negative regulator of adenylate cyclase, called
      Ni. ADP-ribosylation prevents the reduction of cyclase activity by inhibitory
      hormones. The ADP-ribosylation of Ns or Ni does not affect the rate of ADP
      ribosylation of the other protein.

PMID- 3847339
TI  - Networking: reducing competition while increasing collegiality.

PMID- 3847341
TI  - Troubleshooting malfunctions of the dual-chambered pacemaker.

PMID- 3847340
TI  - Clinical assessment of pacemaker function: the ICHD code.

PMID- 3847342
TI  - Selecting a nursing diagnosis for changes in consciousness.

PMID- 3847343
TI  - Allocation of scarce resources: critical care nursing dilemma.

PMID- 3847344
TI  - Job sharing in critical care management.

PMID- 3847345
TI  - Parental environmental stress in pediatric intensive care units.

PMID- 3847346
TI  - Sleep apnea and related disorders.
AB  - This article has ranged far and wide, from the pickwickian patient weighing 500
      pounds to the tiny 4-lb premature baby, but the common thread is cessation or
      diminution of breathing during sleep and consequent oxygen desaturation.
      Associations have been made between abnormalities of sleep and breathing and
      multiple diseases--some causative and some fortuitous. Despite relating this
      information, we are only beginning to understand sleep and breathing. Although we
      spend a third of our lives asleep, very little attention was paid to the study of
      sleep until the mid 1970s. Even to this day, there is little interest in snoring
      and its adverse effects. The situation may be a sexist one in which men have done
      the research and the snoring, but the snoring has bothered only women. I predict
      that the next 15 years will see a vast increase both in studies of sleep and in
      our understanding of the importance of breathing during sleep--to the well-being
      of all of us.

PMID- 3847347
TI  - A kinetic assay for human urinary kallikrein determination.
AB  - A simple kinetic method for human urinary kallikrein determination is proposed.
      In this assay, the release of p-nitroaniline from the chromogenic substrate S
      2266 at 37 degrees C and pH 8.2 is followed spectrophotometrically at 405 nm. The
      delta A/5 min (0-5 min) interval was chosen. This assay was shown to have good
      sensitivity since enzyme concentrations as low as 0.00125 KU/ml could be
      measured. The use of dialyzed urines minimizes the interferences associated with
      high urinary salt concentration. Because of its precision and reproducibility,
      this kinetic assay may be proposed in clinical investigation.

PMID- 3847348
TI  - Biochemical research on oogenesis. Aminoacyl tRNA turns over in the 42-S
      particles of Xenopus laevis oocytes, but its ester bond is protected against
      hydrolysis.
AB  - The ester bond aminoacyl tRNA is protected against hydrolysis in the 42-S
      particles (thesaurisomes) present in Xenopus laevis previtellogenic oocytes.
      Deacylation of tRNA is very slow in vitro, unless ATP is present. ATP causes a
      partial turnover of aminoacyl tRNA in vitro, with no detectable decrease in the
      overall aminoacylation level of tRNA, which remains close to 100%. tRNA in the
      particles turns over rapidly in vivo. Since the ester bond of aminoacyl tRNA is
      stabilized inside the 42-S particles, this turnover cannot be a consequence of
      spontaneous deacylation of tRNA, followed by reacylation by the aminoacyl-tRNA
      synthetases associated with the particles. We rather consider this turnover as
      reflecting a true metabolic activity of the particles, and a direct or indirect
      involvement of these particles in the oocyte's protein-synthesizing system.

PMID- 3847349
TI  - Fertilization of a colchicine-treated gamete of the fern Marsilea vestita.
AB  - In the fern, Marsilea vestita, the addition of colchicine to the culture medium
      during the final stages of archegogenesis gives rise to a new distribution of
      cellular organelles and lipid droplets within the egg cytoplasm. These changes
      affect primarily the usually free space through which the spermatozoid moves
      towards the female nucleus. Depending on the length of the treatment this
      fertilization cone may disappear. Completion of fertilization, i.e. karyogamy, is
      only observed in the presence of this cone. When it is missing, progress of the
      male nucleus, which is no longer directly channeled towards the female nucleus,
      is notably slowed down and karyogamy does not occur. Then, male chromatin
      decondensation takes place in the egg cytoplasm. This event enables us to
      describe the structure of the sperm nucleus: it is composed of two cylindrical
      parallel units which, subsequently, break up into short fragments which may be
      the "male chromosomes".

PMID- 3847350
TI  - Conformational change of 50 S ribosomes on enzymatic binding of phenylalanyl
      tRNA.
AB  - Tight couple 70 S ribosomes are converted to loose couple ones on enzymatic
      binding of phenylalanyl-tRNA. Enzymatic binding at 0 degree C as well as
      nonenzymatic binding does not lead to any change. Further, no change takes place
      when the P site is occupied by N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA. Loose couple 70 S
      ribosomes are not affected by either enzymatic or nonenzymatic binding of
      phenylalanyl-tRNA.

PMID- 3847351
TI  - A somatic cell mutant with a kinetically altered 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
      coenzyme A reductase.
AB  - A somatic cell mutant has been isolated which is resistant to killing and growth
      inhibition by mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
      coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. The resistance phenotype is dominant with respect
      to the wild-type cell and can largely be ascribed to a 6-7-fold lowering of the
      KM for HMG-CoA. We thus conclude that mevinolin resistance can be utilized to
      obtain a genetic marker for the structural gene encoding HMH-CoA reductase.

PMID- 3847352
TI  - [Treatment and prevention of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3847353
TI  - [Viral hepatitis].

PMID- 3847354
TI  - [Modern contraceptive means].

PMID- 3847355
TI  - [Therapeutic use of ultrasound].

PMID- 3847356
TI  - [Osteochondropathies].

PMID- 3847357
TI  - [Characteristics of catarrhal diseases in persons working in a hot microclimate].

PMID- 3847358
TI  - [Food poisonings of nonmicrobial etiology].

PMID- 3847359
TI  - [Side effects of cardiovascular preparations].

PMID- 3847360
TI  - [Hygiene instruction and education of pupils in light of the "Main trends in the
      Reform of the General Education and the Vocational School" (for World Health
      Day)].

PMID- 3847361
TI  - [Epidemic control and disinfection measures in dermatomycosis].

PMID- 3847362
TI  - [Vocational orientation of schoolchildren towards a medical specialty].

PMID- 3847363
TI  - Acute renal dysfunction. Assessment of patients at risk.

PMID- 3847364
TI  - Simulated cardiopulmonary arrest. A planned learning experience.

PMID- 3847365
TI  - Creating a therapeutic environment during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

PMID- 3847366
TI  - Antibiotic-related bleeding disorders.

PMID- 3847367
TI  - Sister Callista Roy influencing the direction of nursing.

PMID- 3847368
TI  - Part one. Statement on ethics in critical care research. AACN Task Force on
      Ethics in Critical Care Research.

PMID- 3847369
TI  - The efficiency of commercially available manual resuscitation bags.

PMID- 3847370
TI  - Goodpasture's syndrome.

PMID- 3847371
TI  - Promoting health--preventing illness.

PMID- 3847372
TI  - Patient teaching and nursing process.

PMID- 3847373
TI  - Patient education: barriers and gateways.

PMID- 3847374
TI  - Preparing BSN graduates to teach clients.

PMID- 3847375
TI  - How to decrease wandering, a form of agenda behavior.

PMID- 3847376
TI  - Asymmetry of brain metabolism and cognitive function.

PMID- 3847377
TI  - Dolls and toy animals for hospitalized elders--infantilizing or comforting?

PMID- 3847378
TI  - Heat waves threaten the old.

PMID- 3847379
TI  - Gerontological nurse practitioners past and present.

PMID- 3847381
TI  - Nutrition: salad sense.

PMID- 3847380
TI  - Assistive hearing device aids patient-staff communication.

PMID- 3847382
TI  - Identifying drug toxicity.

PMID- 3847383
TI  - Changes in serum levels of pancreatic isoamylase, lipase, trypsin, and elastase 1
      after endoscopic retrograde pancreatography.
AB  - To compare the behavior of pancreatic enzymes in the circulation, serum levels of
      pancreatic isoamylase activity, lipase activity, immunoreactive trypsin (IRT),
      and immunoreactive elastase 1 (IRE) were measured in the same serum samples taken
      serially from 29 subjects undergoing endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP).
      A striking correlation between the maximal increments of serum pancreatic enzyme
      levels after ERP and the degrees of opacification of pancreatic duct system was
      observed, except in 6 subjects with chronic pancreatitis. In 13 out of 19
      subjects whose main pancreatic duct (MPD) and branches were opacified, serum
      pancreatic enzyme levels reached a peak within 2 hours after ERP and decreased
      thereafter. The mean maximal rise of serum levels of lipase, IRT, pancreatic
      isoamylase, and IRE in the 13 subjects was 32, 21, 10, and 4 times the basal
      value, respectively. A delay of peaking in serum levels of pancreatic isoamylase
      and IRE as compared with those of lipase and IRT was observed in the 13 subjects.
      The mean disappearance half-time of serum lipase, IRT, pancreatic isoamylase, and
      IRE in the 13 subjects was 2.8, 4.6, 8.0 and 16.0 hours, respectively.

PMID- 3847384
TI  - Practical products.

PMID- 3847385
TI  - Cold comfort.

PMID- 3847386
TI  - Controversy in education. Round-table discussion.

PMID- 3847387
TI  - 'It's never too late'.

PMID- 3847388
TI  - Effective policing--and gentle coaxing.

PMID- 3847389
TI  - Putting continence into practice.

PMID- 3847391
TI  - A randomized controlled trial of a new approach to preoperative teaching and
      patient compliance.
AB  - A randomized controlled experiment evaluating the effects of a new approach to
      preoperative teaching on patient compliance is described. In this study,
      compliance was measured by the accuracy, regularity and willingness that patients
      showed in execution of the prescribed activities after surgery. A significant
      difference was found between the experimental and control patients in the
      regularity, willingness and accuracy with which they performed the prescribed
      postoperative exercises. The experimental patients were significantly more
      satisfied with this approach to preoperative teaching than the control patients.
      This study is seen to have implications for both nursing education and nursing
      service.

PMID- 3847390
TI  - Subcellular localization and further characterization of a new elastase inhibitor
      from pneumococci.
AB  - Streptococcus pneumoniae contains an inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase. The
      agent does not inhibit other proteases, including neutrophil cathepsin G and
      pancreatic elastase. It is active in the presence of insoluble elastin as well as
      synthetic elastase substrates. The inhibitor is present in the pneumococcal cell
      membrane. [125I]elastase binding studies and inhibition experiments with intact
      bacterial autoplasts suggest that this agent has its elastase-binding site(s)
      exposed on the outside of the bacterial cell membrane. Native and randomized
      membrane vesicles also show equal inhibitory activity. Active inhibitor can be
      solubilized from pneumococcal membranes by treatment with a dipolar ionic
      detergent and can then be reconstituted, in active form, within artificial
      liposomes. Complex formation between the neutrophil elastase inhibitor and
      neutrophil elastase may involve noncovalent associations. Although elastase
      containing a covalently bound substrate analog no longer binds the pneumococcal
      inhibitor, the present study shows that complex formation is nevertheless
      independent of neutrophil elastase catalytic activity. Specific inhibitor
      activity and inhibitor release during bile salt-stimulated autolysis are greater
      in a nonnecrotizing pneumococcal strain (type I) than they are in a necrotizing
      strain (type III) or in Klebsiella pneumoniae. These results may help explain the
      frequent resolution of some pneumococcal pneumonias, despite the presence in the
      early pneumonic exudate of many neutrophils containing an elastolytic protease
      capable of injuring lung connective tissue.

PMID- 3847392
TI  - Contraceptive decision-making in urban, black female adolescents: its
      relationship to cognitive development.
AB  - Contraceptive education and accessible contraceptive methods have not reduced
      significantly the incidence of adolescent pregnancy. The cognitive development of
      adolescents makes contraceptive decision-making difficult. This study examined
      how cognitive development affected contraceptive decision-making among 86 urban
      black female adolescents attending three family planning clinics. Hierarchical
      multiple regression analyses revealed that the stage of cognitive development was
      the best predictor of contraceptive decision-making. Age and relevant sexual
      knowledge added to the explanation of decision-making variance. Potential nursing
      implications include: (1) screening of stage cognitive development prior to
      rendering care, (2) continuation of contraceptive education and (3) presentation
      of contraceptive education at appropriate cognitive levels.

PMID- 3847393
TI  - Self-esteem: a closer look at clinical interventions.
AB  - Self-esteem, a positive regard for oneself, is a universal need for every human
      being and a key component in restoring and maintaining mental and physical
      health. Yet, this important concept is remarkably neglected in nursing literature
      and easily overlooked in clinical practice. This article examines the existing
      research on the antecedents of self-esteem and compiles a list of factors which
      can facilitate the nurse's therapeutic effect on her client's positive self
      concept. From this list, specific nursing interventions are provided for raising
      and maintaining a client's self-esteem. Since the impact of nursing interventions
      varies with clinical circumstances, the nursing actions are correlated with their
      most effective health care settings. This article provides a global and practical
      approach to the enhancement of clients' self-esteem.

PMID- 3847394
TI  - The experience of being hospitalized: stress, social support and satisfaction.
AB  - In this paper, an exploratory study, relationships among patient stress, social
      support and satisfaction are discussed. During 1980, 100 medical patients on two
      companion units of a large northeastern teaching medical center were given the
      Volicer Hospital Stress Scale. Several questions about satisfaction and the
      support of family/friends and other patients were asked. Other variables
      descriptive of the experience of being hospitalized are also looked at. Stress
      scores for patients on both units were high. Black patients, specifically those
      on one unit, had higher mean stress scores than whites; items on which the racial
      groups differed focused upon environment and staff-patient interaction.
      Relationships were found between (a) the potential social support of
      family/friends and of other patients, (b) family/friends' support and overall
      satisfaction level and (c) other patients' support and stress. Other
      relationships among descriptive variables of the hospitalization experience were
      also identified. It is recommended that the identified race-stress,
      family/friends' support-satisfaction and patients' support-stress relationships
      be further explored.

PMID- 3847395
TI  - Social support network of Taiwanese cancer patients.

PMID- 3847396
TI  - The concept and practice of preceptorship in contemporary nursing: a review of
      pertinent literature.
AB  - The authors review 21 articles on preceptor programs in schools of nursing and
      service settings. They provide comparative details of various aspects of
      preceptor programs but particularly emphasize, first, the ways in which
      preceptors are trained and secondly, the content of preceptor training programs.
      The purpose of the review is to help administrators set up preceptor programs in
      their own localities.

PMID- 3847397
TI  - The effective training of nurses: manpower implications.
AB  - In a period of scarce and shrinking resources, manpower planning is of great
      importance. One aspect of nurse manpower planning is to ensure that the clinical
      learning environment is adequate in terms of qualified nursing staff. A recent,
      detailed study of nurse training in the clinical area has highlighted the effects
      of manpower shortages in nurse education in the clinical area. It is argued that
      any further cuts in nurse manpower levels will have a direct, detrimental effect
      on the clinical learning environment, and this is illustrated by findings from
      the nurse training study. It is further suggested that the manpower problems of
      urban hospitals are often masked by discussion of manpower in terms of regional
      staffing levels.

PMID- 3847398
TI  - Nurse-patient communication skills in Northern Ireland--the educational problems.
AB  - Northern Ireland forms a discrete province within the U.K., with its own National
      Board (forming part of the United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery
      and Health Visiting) and its own training syllabus. This study is an appraisal of
      the current state of teaching nurse-patient communication skills in the
      province's six colleges/schools of nursing. Questionnaire samples were taken and
      analysed from student nurses (251), nurse tutors (35) and clinical teachers (36)
      in order to: (i) elicit the specific responses of both students and teachers
      concerning their perceived value of teaching/learning communication skills and
      (ii) to establish the existing satisfaction/dissatisfaction levels within the
      province on the current teaching practice of these interpersonal skills.

PMID- 3847399
TI  - Risk of hepatitis B acquisition among hospital staff.

PMID- 3847400
TI  - The drainage bag additive saga .

PMID- 3847401
TI  - Evaluation of H2O2 prophylaxis of bacteriuria in patients with long-term
      indwelling Foley catheters: a randomized controlled study.
AB  - Since the long-term catheterized patient is at significant risk of urinary tract
      infection, and the catheter drainage bags of these patients are at significant
      risk of becoming reservoirs for nosocomial pathogens, we carried out a
      randomized, controlled study to determine the efficacy of intermittent drainage
      bag instillation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in patients requiring indwelling
      Foley catheters for 5 days or more. Herein we report the effects of this
      technique on the rates of catheter and bag bacteriuria, the duration to positive
      culture, the temporal relationships observed, and the spectrum of organisms
      recovered. Bag source bacteriuria was found with the same frequency in both
      control and H2O2 groups. H2O2 did reduce contamination of the drainage bag but
      did not reduce catheter-associated bacteriuria or frequency of symptomatic
      urinary tract infection. Furthermore, H2O2 did not reduce the frequency of bag
      contamination with most of the common nosocomial urinary pathogens.

PMID- 3847403
TI  - Evidence for the non-infectious etiology of early postoperative fever.
AB  - In a prospective study of infections in 871 general surgery patients, we
      identified 81 patients who developed unexplained postoperative fevers. The
      majority of these episodes (72%) occurred early (within the first 48 hours)
      following surgery. Patients who developed early, unexplained fevers differed
      significantly from patients who developed documented postoperative infections.
      Patients with unexplained fevers were younger, had less severe underlying disease
      and underwent less extensive surgeries than patients who subsequently developed
      infections. In these respects, they were more similar to non-infected, non
      febrile patients. We concluded that episodes of early, unexplained postoperative
      fever occur frequently in a wide range of general surgery patients. Most of these
      episodes are non-infectious in origin. Patients with early postoperative fevers
      should be evaluated to identify any obvious sources of infection. If no focus is
      identified, empiric antibiotic therapy should not be initiated nor should
      prophylactic antibiotics be extended for prolonged durations. Unexplained fevers
      will resolve in time without specific therapeutic interventions.

PMID- 3847402
TI  - A comparison of pneumonia caused by gentamicin, methicillin-resistant and
      gentamicin, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiologic and
      clinical studies.
AB  - We investigated an outbreak of nosocomial pneumonia due to gentamicin,
      methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (GMRSA). We compared the predisposing
      factors for pneumonia due to GMRSA to those for pneumonia due to gentamicin,
      methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (GMSSA). Seventeen of 29 patients
      with staphylococcal pneumonia were infected with GMRSA. Risk factors and
      associated diseases which selected for infection with GMRSA as opposed to GMSSA
      included prior antibiotic therapy for a prolonged period of time (p = 0.0001),
      number of risk factors per patient (p = 0.0001), days hospitalized prior to
      diagnosis of pneumonia (p = 0.002) and number of associated diseases per patient
      (p = 0.002). Despite the epidemiologic differences between GMSSA and GMRSA
      pneumonia, there were no differences in the clinical presentation, course of
      illness, complications, response to appropriate therapy or outcome between the
      two groups. Survival was adversely affected by age only among the GMSSA patients
      (p = 0.02) and by the number of associated diseases (p = 0.005).

PMID- 3847405
TI  - Selection of closed urinary drainage systems--an update.

PMID- 3847404
TI  - Nosocomial fungal infection during hospital renovation.
AB  - Nosocomial fungal pulmonary infections (Zygomycetes, Aspergillus sp.) developed
      in two premature infants in a special care unit (SCU) adjacent to an area of
      renovation. Inspection showed that inadequate barriers permitted the passage of
      airborne particles between the two areas, and cultures confirmed a significantly
      higher (p less than or equal to 0.05) density of mold spores in the SCU (0.88 cfu
      per hour per settling plate) compared to a construction-free comparison area
      (0.22 cfu per hour per settling plate). The major source of mold was the dust
      above the hospital's false ceiling. In another construction area, imperious
      barriers were shown to effectively restrict the dispersal of mold. Our experience
      adds Rhizopus to Aspergillus as a possible cause of construction-related
      nosocomial infection. Sporadic episodes will continue to occur until the hazards
      of renovation are appreciated and effective preventive measures are routinely
      instituted.

PMID- 3847406
TI  - What does the SEW programme mean to you?

PMID- 3847407
TI  - Accountable to whom?

PMID- 3847408
TI  - AIDS.

PMID- 3847409
TI  - Return to Aswan: picking up the threads.

PMID- 3847410
TI  - Who works for WHO?

PMID- 3847411
TI  - Understanding upper rate responses of DDD pacers.
AB  - Understanding upper rate responses should not be a frustrating experience. A
      thorough working knowledge of DDD pacer timing cycles is recommended before
      attempting to assimilate this information. Anyone involved in the interpretation
      and troubleshooting of DDD pacer ECGs should be familiar with these four basic
      upper rate responses. As shown in Table I, these responses are used to limit the
      upper ventricular tracking rate in various pacer models either as a single option
      or in combination. The operation of combined upper rate responses can be
      difficult to interpret. If the initial acceleration of the atrial rate is
      available from a Holter monitor or a standard electrocardiographic recording, the
      fallback response can be easily detected as the transition from pacing at the
      upper rate limit to the fallback rate. When this transition is not observed and
      the timing cycle indicates a Wenckebach-type behavior at a ventricular-paced rate
      of 80 pulses/min, the fallback response can be suspected because programming an
      upper rate limit of 80 pulses/min would be unusual. Rate smoothing is more
      difficult to detect when the tachycardia is accelerating. Wenckebach behavior may
      be observed as the ventricular pacing rate increases according to the smoothing
      constant. Rate smoothing can be suspected if Wenckebach behavior is observed as
      the ventricular pacing rate increases from cycle to cycle. Fig. 1 attempts to
      clarify similar characteristics of the four upper rate responses. It also
      provides rudimentary differences in characteristics of the four responses and
      guidelines for interpretation. Furthermore, it should be used as a quick
      reference to determine the criteria for each response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3847412
TI  - Hemodynamic instability associated with balloon catheter traction after
      transurethral surgery.
AB  - Severe vasovagal reactions were experienced by three patients in whom balloon
      catheter traction was used to assist hemostasis after transurethral procedures.
      Release of catheter traction, along with conventional resuscitative measures, led
      to resolution of cardiovascular instability. Prompt recognition of the potential
      relationship between vasovagal reactions and parasympathetic stimulation that may
      accompany bladder base compression by catheter balloon is emphasized.

PMID- 3847413
TI  - Oxygen desaturation during ventilator circuit changes.

PMID- 3847414
TI  - Working with the family of a critically ill child.

PMID- 3847415
TI  - Hyperinflation, hyperventilation, and hyperoxygenation before tracheal suctioning
      in children requiring long-term respiratory care.
AB  - The findings reported failed to support a best method of pretreating subjects
      before tracheal suctioning to minimize oxygen desaturation. Conversely, all
      methods prevented significant desaturation. No subject's desaturation readings
      dropped during the study to such a point that they did not subsequently recover
      after 30 seconds and return to baseline by the end of the 20 minutes. Several
      subjects had oxygen saturation readings in the high 70s to low 80s as reported
      during CTP. After recovery from CTP ( in mot cases a 30-second time period), no
      clinically significant desaturation was noted from the 30-second time period to
      the end of the study. The results could not be reproduced when the trials were
      repeated on four subjects. If oxygenation is questionable, these children should
      be monitored noninvasively to prevent serious desaturation in an already
      compromised patient.

PMID- 3847416
TI  - Prospective randomized evaluation of two methods of drawing coagulation studies
      from heparinized arterial lines.
AB  - To establish a standardized protocol of obtaining coagulation studies from
      arterial lines without heparin contamination, two methods were evaluated in a
      prospective randomized fashion for accuracy by comparing PT and aPTT results with
      simultaneous samples drawn by venipuncture. Fifty paired samples were obtained,
      25 by method A and 25 by method B, from critically ill patients in the surgical
      intensive care unit at City of Memphis Hospital. Analyses of PT and aPTT from
      these samples revealed a close statistical correlation with the venous controls
      and no clinically significant difference between the samples.

PMID- 3847417
TI  - An evaluation of an inpatient cardiac patient/family education program.
AB  - A study to (1) evaluate the impact of a patient education program on the
      patient's knowledge regarding his/her illness and (2) identify obstacles to
      compliance behavior after discharge was conducted over a 2-year period. A
      population of 342 patients with ischemic heart disease was assigned to an
      inpatient cardiac patient education program consisting of five daily 1-hour
      classes. The following patient data were gathered: (1) assessment of the
      individual's knowledge of his/her illness; (2) selected sociodemographic
      information, (3) measures of general intelligence and problem-solving ability,
      and (4) motivation to alter risk factors. A measure of compliance with the
      prescribed treatment plan was obtained by telephone for all patients 4 weeks
      after discharge. Patients were randomly assigned such that one group received a
      pretest and a posttest assessment of knowledge while a second group received only
      the posttest assessment. A difference score t test on knowledge scores was
      statistically significant. A regression analysis of predictors of overall
      compliance scores after discharge demonstrated that indicators of motivation were
      most highly correlated with compliance. It was concluded that additional research
      is needed to identify: (1) types of information that enhance the patient's
      awareness of his/her illness and (2) program structures and techniques that
      enhance patient motivation to comply with a prescribed treatment plan.

PMID- 3847418
TI  - Ventricular arrhythmias: a perspective on management.
AB  - Antiarrhythmic drugs are associated with a significant incidence of
      arrhythmogenic effects, as well as other cardiac and extracardiac side effects.
      Thus, it is important that the decision to treat ventricular arrhythmias be made
      on the bases of the frequency of the arrhythmia, its qualitative features, and
      the presence or absence of underlying heart disease. These features influence the
      risks of sudden arrhythmogenic death.

PMID- 3847419
TI  - Clinical manifestations of myxoma.

PMID- 3847420
TI  - Support for the family of the dying patient.

PMID- 3847421
TI  - Home peritoneal training and the community nurse.

PMID- 3847422
TI  - Supervising the hemodialysis client in self medication in the home.

PMID- 3847423
TI  - A cooperative volunteer training program.

PMID- 3847424
TI  - Multiphasic health screening for the rural elderly.

PMID- 3847425
TI  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

PMID- 3847426
TI  - [Seminar in medical research on women, Sigtuna, 11-13 October 1984].

PMID- 3847427
TI  - [Towards the year 2000].

PMID- 3847428
TI  - [Harmful effects of mercury on the fetus].

PMID- 3847429
TI  - [Internationalization of midwifery education].

PMID- 3847430
TI  - [Exchange of experience between Zambian and Swedish midwives--a method to test
      the Swedish college's regulations of internationalization goals].

PMID- 3847431
TI  - [Finding knowledge--lacking resources].

PMID- 3847432
TI  - [Infant care from the Arctic in the North to Australia in the South].

PMID- 3847433
TI  - [Mapping of psychosocial factors in relation to infant colic. Summary of the
      project plan for health care research].

PMID- 3847434
TI  - [Impressions from a study trip to the USA].

PMID- 3847435
TI  - [Report from a study trip to Seattle, Washington USA].

PMID- 3847436
TI  - [Away from the hospital].

PMID- 3847437
TI  - [The art of delivery in international perspective].

PMID- 3847438
TI  - Activity of novobiocin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - As infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus become
      increasingly prevalent, newer alternative antibiotics, especially those which are
      orally administered, will be required. In order to provide an in-vitro basis for
      selecting alternative antibiotics, we studied the susceptibility of 103 strains
      of methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus from seven institutions to oral
      antimicrobial agents. Novobiocin, rifampicin, and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole
      had excellent in-vitro activity against virtually all strains of methicillin
      resistant Staph. aureus. The MIC90 and MBC90 of novobiocin against methicillin
      resistant Staph. aureus were 0.25 mg/l. Since previously reported achievable
      serum levels with oral novobiocin are 100 to 200 times its MIC90 against
      methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus, novobiocin should be evaluated further for
      combination therapy with rifampicin or trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole.

PMID- 3847439
TI  - Resistance in oral streptococci after repetition of a single-dose amoxycillin
      prophylactic regimen.
AB  - Ten healthy volunteers received 3 g amoxycillin each week for up to four weeks.
      One volunteer carried streptococci resistant to amoxycillin in small numbers
      before the first dose was administered. After one administration of amoxycillin,
      this volunteer and one other yielded streptococci resistant to 1 mg/l amoxycillin
      on direct culture of dental plaque; after two administrations, resistant
      streptococci were detected in one further volunteer; and a total of six
      volunteers yielded resistant streptococci after the fourth week of amoxycillin
      administration. Repeated use of the single-dose prophylactic regimen encourages
      the emergence of streptococci considerably more resistant to amoxycillin than
      those generally encountered in the oral cavity, but the clinical significance of
      these results is uncertain as the peak serum concentrations of amoxycillin
      achieved after a 3 g oral dose for prophylaxis exceed the minimum bactericidal
      concentrations of amoxycillin for these strains.

PMID- 3847440
TI  - Structure and function of human low density lipoproteins. Studies using
      proteolytic cleavage by plasma kallikrein.
AB  - Kallikrein digestion of human low density lipoproteins (LDL) has recently been
      shown to result in the degradation of apolipoprotein B (apo-B) into four major
      fragments, two of them being B-26 and B-74, which have been reported to be
      present in the LDL of some individuals. We studied the binding of kallikrein
      treated LDL to human fibroblasts; digestion did not affect binding. Digested LDL
      was not taken up by macrophages, showing that it behaved like normal LDL. The
      activation of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase by LDL in fibroblasts was also
      not altered by kallikrein digestion. When delipidated LDL was treated with
      kallikrein, apo-B was digested into very small fragments, indicating that
      kallikrein can cleave apo-B at sites other than those which result in the
      formation of B-26 and B-74. The partial delipidation of LDL with heptane also
      resulted in more extensive digestion of apo-B, although binding to cells was
      unaffected. These studies suggest that the cholesterol core maintains the proper
      orientation of apo-B in the LDL particle and that kallikrein may be used as a
      tool to elucidate the association of apo-B and lipids in the LDL particle.

PMID- 3847441
TI  - A descriptive study of faculty tenure in baccalaureate and graduate programs in
      nursing.

PMID- 3847442
TI  - A national survey of the need for doctorally prepared nurses in academic settings
      and health service agencies.

PMID- 3847443
TI  - Financing mechanisms for health care: impact on nursing services.

PMID- 3847444
TI  - Legal and ethical matters. By what authority?

PMID- 3847445
TI  - Preparation of practitioners, clinical specialists, and clinicians.

PMID- 3847446
TI  - Defining the nursing dean's role.

PMID- 3847448
TI  - The evolution of competence in practice.

PMID- 3847447
TI  - A proposal for an educational program to assist asthmatic students in reaching
      their full potential.

PMID- 3847449
TI  - The deanship and the promotion of scholarship in nursing.

PMID- 3847450
TI  - Dealing with tenured faculty.

PMID- 3847451
TI  - Issues in doctoral preparation in nursing: current perspectives and future
      directions.

PMID- 3847452
TI  - A logo to represent nursing research.

PMID- 3847453
TI  - Quality in doctoral education.

PMID- 3847454
TI  - Nurses' participation in international and transcultural nursing.

PMID- 3847455
TI  - Ethics, values, and rights.

PMID- 3847456
TI  - The overstudied dean--myth or fact?

PMID- 3847457
TI  - The incongruency between education and practice expectations for the professional
      nurse.

PMID- 3847458
TI  - President vetoes Institute of Nursing and the Public Health Service Act.

PMID- 3847459
TI  - A typology of nursing research activities according to educational preparation.

PMID- 3847460
TI  - Assessment of loneliness and spiritual well-being in chronically ill and healthy
      adults.

PMID- 3847461
TI  - Confidentiality and customary practices.

PMID- 3847462
TI  - Proceedings of doctoral programs in nursing: consensus for quality.

PMID- 3847463
TI  - The nature of the doctorate and criteria for quality.

PMID- 3847464
TI  - Optimized determination of plasma prokallikrein on a Hitachi 705 analyser.
AB  - Manual determination of plasma prokallikrein using a chromogenic substrate is
      tedious. We describe the optimal conditions of enzymatic quantification by a
      fully automated method enabling rapid availability of the results and an easier
      estimation of this interesting compound in clinical chemistry.

PMID- 3847465
TI  - Tension pneumocephalus.
AB  - Tension pneumocephalus occurs when intracranial air exists under pressure,
      resulting in neurologic deterioration. The syndrome is precluded by an
      extracranial-intracranial communication and a difference in extracranial
      intracranial pressure with the latter being greater. Although most frequently
      associated with head trauma, a variety of situations, including an operative
      sitting position and use of nitrous oxide anesthesia, have been known to
      contribute to this potentially life-threatening complication. This article will
      address pathogenesis, assessment parameters, and medical and nursing approaches
      utilized to reduce and minimize further entrapment of air. A case report will be
      presented illustrating this condition.

PMID- 3847466
TI  - Selected postoperative complications of cranial surgery.
AB  - Selected postoperative complications following a craniotomy are discussed in
      relation to assessment and nursing care. Clinical differentiation between
      structural and metabolic postoperative complications is emphasized. The signs,
      symptoms, diagnostic aids and nursing implications related to each of these two
      major classifications of complications are presented. The specific postoperative
      complications discussed include: cerebral edema, intracranial bleeding,
      hydrocephalus, cerebral infarction, tension pneumocephalus, hypoxia, water and
      electrolyte imbalances, hypoglycemia, endocrine disturbances, hyperthermia, and
      seizures.

PMID- 3847467
TI  - Complications of transsphenoidal surgery.
AB  - Transsphenoidal surgery has many advantages in providing access to the sella
      turcica. It is associated with relatively low morbidity and mortality but it
      should be recognized that it is not without risk. Often, signs and symptoms of
      complications from transsphenoidal surgery are observed by the nurse. With early
      detection and prompt management, patients need not suffer the serious
      disabilities that may ensue.

PMID- 3847468
TI  - Nursing update on Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - There are many important issues to be addressed in the relationship between
      families and health professionals. These include supporting each other without
      impairing each other and reciprocity with regard to learning and respect for each
      other. The nurse's role is vital. Nurses can build a partnership with the person,
      and their family because they have a major role in supporting the family,
      providing them with information, and directing them to the services they need.
      Nursing schools may need to re-evaluate their curricula to prepare individuals
      for this responsibility. Nurses may experiment with innovative approaches to
      care. Such innovations can then be evaluated by both families and professionals.
      The medical, social, and nursing implications of Alzheimer's disease are
      staggering. Surveys indicate that this disease probably affects more than a
      million people in the United States. These people and their families need
      supervision and care. It is hoped that this review will increase nurses'
      understanding of the disease process and that recent advances in research may
      stimulate further investigations in this still largely unexplored illness. The
      description of nursing care herein provided will enable clinicians to better
      serve Alzheimer's patients and their families.

PMID- 3847469
TI  - Safety assessment for the postictal confusional phase following complex partial
      seizure.
AB  - Misunderstanding of the postictal confusional state that follows the complex
      partial seizure has caused emotional and physical harm to patients. Concern about
      this phenomenon and its effects upon the patient prompted this study to explore,
      describe, and document one method of intervention to lessen these harmful
      effects. An evaluative descriptive research design was employed to assess patient
      safety during and after the postictal confusional phase following a complex
      partial seizure. A closed-structured questionnaire and participant observation
      were the methods used to collect data for this study. A Level of Safety Tool was
      specifically designed for this study.

PMID- 3847470
TI  - Drug stop: newer beta-lactam antimicrobials.
AB  - The newer beta-lactam antimicrobials offer an expanded spectrum of activity and a
      similar safety profile compared to their older counterparts. The penicillins
      appear to be useful in the combination treatment of systemic Pseudomonal
      infections, and cefuroxime and the third generation cephalosporins may be
      valuable in the management of meningitis caused by susceptible organisms.
      However, to avoid the emergence of resistance and to help contain the cost of
      antimicrobial therapy, these newer agents should be reserved for those clinical
      situations where older beta-lactams would not be indicated.

PMID- 3847471
TI  - Economic security benefits for certified nurse-midwives. Whose responsibility?

PMID- 3847472
TI  - Routine prophylactic episiotomy. Is it always necessary.

PMID- 3847473
TI  - Effects of a nutrition intervention program during pregnancy. Maternal data
      phases 1 and 2.

PMID- 3847474
TI  - The Yale Nurse-Midwifery Practice. Addressing the outcomes.

PMID- 3847476
TI  - The bias coin design.

PMID- 3847475
TI  - Perceptions of role conflict between obstetric nurses and nurse-midwives.

PMID- 3847477
TI  - Six elements of improved recordkeeping.

PMID- 3847478
TI  - Development of a perinatal grief checklist.
AB  - The perinatal nurse faces one of the most difficult tasks in caring for families
      surviving the death of a newborn. This situation generates anxiety, depression,
      and frustration unless a plan designed for such situations is available. At
      Woman's Hospital of Texas, a group of nurses worked together to develop a tool to
      use as a guide through a difficult but meaningful nursing intervention. The
      process of the development and use of the Perinatal Grief Checklist is described.

PMID- 3847479
TI  - Primary nursing in the infant special care unit.
AB  - Primary nursing is the involvement of one registered nurse in the 24-hour care of
      a patient throughout the hospital stay. The role of the primary care nurse and
      how that role evolved in an infant special care unit is described.

PMID- 3847481
TI  - Breast-milk jaundice.
AB  - The syndrome of breast-milk jaundice, which often results in cessation of
      breastfeeding, maternal anxiety, and guilt, may be increasing. Research to date
      on pregnanediol, increased lipase, and free fatty acids as the causes of breast
      milk jaundice is reviewed. Variations in current treatment are presented and
      nursing measures supportive of parents and continued breastfeeding are provided.

PMID- 3847480
TI  - Infertility associated with luteal phase defect.
AB  - Infertility, either primary or secondary, affects approximately 15% of the
      population of childbearing age. Luteal phase defect, a deficiency of corpus
      luteum progesterone steroidogenisis, is noted in cases of primary infertility and
      in approximately 35% of couples who have experienced recurrent miscarriage.
      Supplemental progesterone therapy before implantation and continued into early
      pregnancy helps these couples to achieve a successful pregnancy outcome. The
      nurse can function as a pivotal member of the health-care team by providing the
      couple with appropriate education, counseling, and emotional support. Clinical
      manifestations of luteal phase defect and nursing interventions used in a case
      study are presented.

PMID- 3847482
TI  - An exploratory study of antenatal preparation for cesarean birth.
AB  - An exploratory study was designed to develop and test an antenatal education
      program of cesarean birth information. Eighty-one pregnant women and their
      husbands received the educational program. Eighteen couples experienced cesarean
      childbirth. Mailed questionnaires containing items dealing with reactions to the
      educational program and responses to cesarean birth were returned by 15 of these
      couples. Findings indicated that the educational program met most of the
      information needs of the study participants. Both mothers and fathers exhibited
      adaptive and ineffective responses to the cesarean, although the responses were
      more positive than previous studies have reported.

PMID- 3847483
TI  - Creative grandparenting. Bonding the generations.
AB  - Grandparents are a vital link for young families. The support grandparents can
      provide to the new family is now more important than ever. A creative
      grandparenting program can increase the likelihood that grandparent support is
      effective and welcomed. This article includes a discussion of such a program,
      suggested content areas to include, and the development of appropriate teaching
      strategies.

PMID- 3847484
TI  - Theoretical foundations of a prepared sibling class.
AB  - Family-centered maternity care is a frequently used phrase, yet children, an
      integral part of the family, are not always involved in formal preparation for a
      new infant. Should children be included in the preparation for a new arrival? A
      formal assessment to answer this question led to the planning and implementation
      of a Sibling Preparation Class. This article discusses objectives with
      implementation methods and correlates their direct application to class content.
      Nursing implications and suggestions for further research are included.

PMID- 3847485
TI  - Childbirth education classes: expectant parents' expectations.
AB  - One hundred clients (43 fathers, 57 mothers), of whom 50 had enrolled in
      childbirth education classes but had not yet attended and 50 who had attended and
      were parents of a healthy infant, were surveyed to find out what clients expect
      to gain from attending childbirth education classes. Responses of preclass and
      postdelivery male and female clients were compared using content analysis and chi
      square statistics. Results suggest that interest followed pregnancy chronology,
      fathers expected to learn facts, mothers expected to learn coping strategies, and
      both expected to learn breathing, relaxation, and infant care techniques.
      Although clients felt that more time should have been spent on the majority of
      topics, 64% of mothers and 53% of fathers said that the classes had met their
      expectations.

PMID- 3847486
TI  - A prospective randomized comparison of cefotaxime vs ampicillin and
      chloramphenicol for bacterial meningitis in children.
AB  - Fifty children with bacterial meningitis were prospectively randomized to receive
      cefotaxime (50 mg/kg/dose every 6 hours) or ampicillin and chloramphenicol in
      standard doses. Twenty-three patients received cefotaxime and 27 received
      standard therapy. Bacterial isolates included: Haemophilus influenzae (29),
      Streptococcus pneumoniae (eight), Neisseria meningitidis (eight), group B
      streptococci (three), and Salmonella enteritidis (two). Ten (34%) of the H.
      influenzae isolates were resistant to ampicillin, nine on the basis of beta
      lactamase production. All strains were susceptible to cefotaxime. Clinical cure
      rates for the cefotaxime (100%) and standard therapy (96%) groups were similar;
      survival without detectable sequelae was similar, at 78% and 77%, respectively.
      The duration of therapy, 11.1 +/- 2.4 days (range 10 to 21 days) vs 11.9 +/- 3.9
      days (range 10 to 21 days), and days to defervescence, 4.7 +/- 2.6 days (range 1
      to 14 days) vs 5.6 +/- 2.9 days (range 2 to 17 days), were similar in the
      cefotaxime and standard therapy groups, respectively. No adverse drug reactions
      or side effects were noted in either group. Cefotaxime was found to be as safe
      and effective as standard therapy for the treatment of bacterial meningitis in
      children.

PMID- 3847488
TI  - Infanticide: murder or mercy?

PMID- 3847487
TI  - Effects of betamethasone and ritodrine on the fetal secretion of lung surfactant.
AB  - Beta-sympathomimetic drugs and glucocorticoid agents are given in preterm labor
      to prevent severe consequences of prematurity. It is unclear whether beta
      sympathomimetics accelerate lung maturation, or whether they only tend to delay
      preterm delivery. We have evaluated the effects of betamethasone and ritodrine in
      rabbits on alveolar lavage phospholipids in premature rabbits, a mean of 28.7
      days from conception. Betamethasone given to 26-day-old fetuses increased the
      surfactant phospholipids, phosphatidylinositol and disaturated
      phosphatidylcholine; increased disaturated phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin
      ratio, and phosphatidylinositol (percent of phospholipids), as compared to
      untreated littermates, or to saline treated controls. A low dose of ritodrine
      given to the pregnant doe, and a high dose given at premature birth had no
      detectable effects on alveolar lavage phospholipids. However, a high dose of
      ritodrine given one day before the delivery to the fetus and at premature birth
      decreased the disaturated phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin ratio and
      phosphatidylinositol in alveolar lavage. While glucocorticoid administration
      increases the synthesis and secretion of surfactant phospholipids, a high dose of
      a betasympathomimetic drug may decrease the surfactant. However, spontaneous
      premature labor is associated with accelerated lung maturation, and accordingly
      the present results do not contradict the use of a low dosage of
      betasympathomimetic drug to delay preterm delivery.

PMID- 3847489
TI  - Fired: should a nurse fight back?

PMID- 3847490
TI  - When children die. How a friend can help.

PMID- 3847492
TI  - A quick response to snakebite!

PMID- 3847491
TI  - Visual problems of the elderly: what is the nurse's role?

PMID- 3847493
TI  - In the field/on the floors. Dimensions of nursing told by nurses themselves.

PMID- 3847494
TI  - Rugged lives.

PMID- 3847495
TI  - Oncogenes: carriers of cancer.

PMID- 3847496
TI  - Pain needs of cancer patients.

PMID- 3847497
TI  - A survivor's own words.

PMID- 3847498
TI  - Why a psychogeriatric unit?

PMID- 3847499
TI  - China. Psychosocial nursing in the People's Republic.

PMID- 3847500
TI  - Laura LeWinn, JD, on Doe vs. Klein. Laying down the law on the rights of
      psychiatric patients.

PMID- 3847501
TI  - First rate: exploring the structure, process, and effectiveness of nurse
      psychotherapy.

PMID- 3847502
TI  - A comparison of deep-heating electrode concepts for hyperthermia.
AB  - There is mounting evidence that localized hyperthermia produced by
      electromagnetic waves may be useful in the treatment of cancer, and many
      innovative devices have been designed for this purpose. Most applicators employed
      for deep heating operate in the frequency region of 10-100MHz to provide greatest
      depth of penetration. Two basic categories of launching devices exist: E-field
      and H-field. The E-field applicators include conductive plates and fringing field
      devices; either may be used individually or in a multiple feed system. The H
      field applicators include cylindrical and planar devices configured to produce
      specific heating patterns. We have analyzed and compared the performance of each
      of these devices, particularly in terms of engineering principles, design
      characteristics and their ability to transfer potentially therapeutic energy
      safely and at depth.

PMID- 3847503
TI  - Safety of 9.3-GHz microwave radiant heating for possible caloric supplement and
      medical treatment.
AB  - The hematological and blood-chemistry effects of chronic microwave radiation on
      unrestrained rhesus monkeys trained to expose their face and eyes to 9.3GHz
      microwave radiation at an average incident power density of 150 or 300mW/cm2 are
      reported. Only inconsistent transient effects were found. The lack of significant
      hematological effects, together with the lack of ocular or behavioral changes
      reported earlier, support the idea that microwave frequencies in the range of
      10GHz may be safe to use for caloric supplement of hypothermic individuals and
      medical patients.

PMID- 3847504
TI  - Better simple models of human radiofrequency absorption rates for E-polarization
      at quasi-static frequencies.
AB  - The existing theory for the quasi-static absorption rate of a lossy dielectric
      ellipsoid in E-polarization is extended to include cylinders of finite length.
      The key variable affecting the normalized specific absorption rate (NSAR) of an
      ellipsoid, prolate spheroid, or cylinder, is shown to be the axial ratio, R =
      (length/diameter). Very simple formulas are deduced for the NSAR of a prolate
      spheroid or cylinder with R greater than 6. The quasi-static calculations are
      confirmed by measurements of the NSAR of a human-sized ellipsoid, prolate
      spheroid, and cylinder exposed inside a very large TEM cell. The three simple
      models can only account for between twenty and fifty percent of the measured
      human NSAR at 10MHz when the standard-model axial ratio of R = 6.34 is used. The
      best simple models for the quasi-static human absorption rates in E-polarization
      are shown to be an ellipsoid with R = 9.4 and a cylinder with R = 8.5.

PMID- 3847505
TI  - Computer simulation for local temperature control during microwave-induced
      hyperthermia.
AB  - A numerical procedure to calculate and control transient temperature profiles in
      plane multilayered biological tissue is described. To express the temperature
      increase in the normal and neoplastic tissue as a function of time-varying
      incident microwave heating and artificial surface cooling, a semi-discrete finite
      difference method is used. Two optimization algorithms are applied in order to
      achieve and maintain a prescribed temperature pattern. They suggest the extent to
      which the tissue heating profiles can be experimentally controlled. Several
      examples are included to illustrate the performance of the algorithms.

PMID- 3847506
TI  - Low-power 2.45-GHz microwave radiation affects neither the vacuolar potential nor
      the low frequency excess noise in single cells of characean algae.
AB  - Single, giant cells of the eukaryotic green algae Chara braunii and Nitella
      flexilis were subjected to short-, intermediate-, and long-term irradiations with
      2.45-GHz microwaves. A search was carried out for radiation-correlated shifts (i)
      in both the dc level and the rms low-frequency excess noise of the vacuolar
      potential and (ii) in the membrane resistivity. No reliable shifts were observed,
      either in normal cells or in cells subjected to reduced temperatures or the
      poison ethacrynic acid.

PMID- 3847507
TI  - Data analysis reveals significant microwave-induced eye damage in humans.
AB  - Appleton and McCrossan undertook a study for the U.S. Army at Ft. Monmouth to
      determine if microwave exposure would cause cataracts. They concluded: "The
      comparison showed the groups (microwave exposed vs. not exposed ) to be
      essentially the same and did not support the hypothesis that human cataracts are
      being caused by chronic exposure to microwaves in the military environment in
      this country." There are three major flaws in Appleton and McCrossan's work. 
      First, the exposed group likely included people with little or no exposure. This
      would tend to minimize the possibility of finding microwave effects. Secondly,
      their control group  consisted of people working with equipment known to cause
      eye damage. This  also would tend to minimize the possibility of finding
      microwave effects. Thirdly, and most important, they did not do a statistical
      analysis on their data. When the writer did one, it was found that Appleton and
      McCrossan have a statistically significant difference between groups, with the
      microwave exposed showing more lens opacities than would be expected by chance.
      Thus, their conclusion should have been the opposite of what they stated. It is
      the uncritical acceptance of negative biological studies of non-ionizing
      radiation, such as this, that has contributed to the distortion of science in
      this area of research and has stimulated public opposition to the installation of
      such energy sources.

PMID- 3847508
TI  - Science and standards--another viewpoint.

PMID- 3847509
TI  - Can microwave/radiofrequency radiation (RFR) burns be distinguished from
      conventional burns?
AB  - The literature was reviewed that addressed the differences between
      microwave/radiofrequency radiation (RFR) and conventional burns. It was concluded
      that RFR may involve deeper tissue without immediate observable skin injury or
      pain. Since RFR is not uniformly absorbed in tissue, "hot spots" of focal
      necrosis may occur such as at tissue interfaces and in tissue with poor blood
      supply. A followup physical examination is advisable because there may be a
      latent period before burns are observed.

PMID- 3847511
TI  - IOL implant patients need your help.

PMID- 3847510
TI  - A large region controls tRNA gene transcription.
AB  - We find that tRNA gene transcription is controlled by a region much larger than
      the previously described internal segments known as A and B boxes. In a Bombyx
      mori silkworm tRNA2Ala gene, transcriptionally important sequences extend at
      least from -13 to +146, and thus include sequences both upstream and downstream
      from the 98 base-pair primary transcription unit. We show that the apparent size
      of this control region can be manipulated by the conditions used to measure
      transcription in vitro. Specifically, the use of high concentrations of templates
      to overcome the effect of an inhibitory substance in crude extracts can make the
      control region appear smaller. We propose that this finding explains much of the
      observed variability in the sequence requirements for transcription of different
      tRNA genes. If so, large size is likely to be a general feature of tRNA gene
      control regions.

PMID- 3847512
TI  - Nursing's role in fluorescein angiography.

PMID- 3847513
TI  - Japan's lens technology lags.

PMID- 3847514
TI  - Hope for the future: lasers.

PMID- 3847515
TI  - Do you know how to fit toric hydrogel lenses?

PMID- 3847516
TI  - Changing bacteriologic flora of hand infections.
AB  - To assess the possibility of a changing bacteriologic flora of hand infections
      and an alteration in antibiotic susceptibility, a 20-year review of acute hand
      infections was undertaken. Representative years were completely evaluated during
      the 20-year span. Over the course of the study Staphylococcus aureus infections
      decreased from 82% of cultures in 1960 to 34% in 1980. Pure Gram-positive
      cultures decreased from 85% in 1960 to 50% in 1980. Mixed Gram-positive and Gram
      negative infections rose significantly from 8 to 39% over the 20-year study
      period. Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin changed from 72% in
      1960 to 9% in 1980. Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to the penicillinase
      resistant antibiotics and the cephalosporin antibiotics was at 81% and 97%,
      respectively, in 1980.

PMID- 3847517
TI  - [Antibiotic susceptibility of the clinically isolated staphylococcal strains
      resistant to cephalosporin derivatives].
AB  - Incidence of cephalosporin-resistant staphylococcal infections is increasing
      recently. We tried to find out the possible first choice antibiotic for these
      infections. We estimated minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of each one of
      the broad spectrum antibiotics with different mode of actions as well as
      representative drugs of penicillins and cephalosporins against strains of
      Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. Trend of antibiotic
      susceptibility of S. epidermidis was found to be as same as that of S. aureus.
      MIC of minocycline was found to be the lowest in the drugs tested, and there
      found no resistant strains. MIC of erythromycin was next low but more than a half
      strains were found to be resistant to this drug. Some of the strains were thought
      to be treated with amikacin or sulfonamides by the MIC against them, but there
      also found many resistant strains. Therefore, use of these drugs should be
      decided after sensitivity test of the causative bacteria. Most of the strains
      were found not to be treated with beta-lactam antibiotics. In conclusion,
      minocycline could be the only one first choice drug for staphylococcal infections
      before antibiotic susceptibility test of the causative strains in the present
      moment.

PMID- 3847518
TI  - [Clinical study of BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) granules in pediatric
      infections].
AB  - BRL 25000 granules, a formulation of amoxicillin (AMPC) and the beta-lactamase
      inhibitor clavulanic acid (CVA) in a ratio of 2 to 1, was studied clinically and
      bacteriologically in pediatric infections. The in vitro antibacterial activity of
      BRL 25000 was superior to AMPC against beta-lactamase producing strains. The
      pharmacokinetics of the BRL 25000 granule were studied following oral
      administration to a 6 years old female and 9 years old male in the fasting state
      at dose levels of 10 mg/kg and 16.1 mg/kg, respectively. In the case of the
      female dosed at 10 mg/kg, the peak serum concentrations were found to be 6.38
      micrograms/ml for AMPC and 1.83 micrograms/ml for CVA at 1 hour following
      administration. The elimination half-life of AMPC was 0.86 hour and that of CVA
      was 0.67 hour. The 4-hour urinary recovery was 61.89% for AMPC and 17.92% for
      CVA. In the male receiving 16.1 mg/kg, the peak concentrations were 2.55
      micrograms/ml for AMPC at 3 hours following administration and 1.46 micrograms/ml
      for CVA at 1.5 hours following administration. The elimination half-life of AMPC
      was 1.59 hours and that of CVA was 1.19 hours. The 6-hour urinary recovery was
      44.19% for AMPC and 30.05% for CVA. In clinical studies, the BRL 25000 granule
      was administered to 36 infants with upper respiratory tract infections, mainly
      tonsillitis, urinary tract infections etc. Good clinical efficacy was obtained in
      33/36 cases (91.7%). Diarrhea and rash were occasionally noted side effects but
      were not severe. From the above results, it can be concluded that the BRL 25000
      granule is a suitable and effective drug for use in the treatment of pediatric
      infections.

PMID- 3847519
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies on BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin)
      granules in the pediatric field].
AB  - Fundamental and clinical studies have been performed on the BRL 25000 granules
      (combination of amoxicillin (AMPC) and potassium clavulanate (CVA) in 2: 1 ratio)
      in the pediatric field. In bacteriological studies a potentiated antibacterial
      activity of BRL 25000 was recognized against AMPC-resistant and beta-lactamase
      producing clinical isolates. The pharmacokinetics of the BRL 25000 granules were
      studied at dose levels from 10 to 20 mg/kg. The peak serum concentrations of AMPC
      and CVA achieved approximately 1 hour after dosing were 4.29-9.55 micrograms/ml
      and 3.87-4.78 micrograms/ml, respectively. The serum half-life was found to be
      0.90-1.31 hours for AMPC and 1.01-1.22 hours for CVA. Six-hour urinary excretion
      rates were 29.5-62.6% for AMPC and 12.6-37.9% for CVA. In the clinical studies,
      the BRL 25000 granules were administered to 36 pediatric patients (15 with upper
      and lower respiratory tract infections, 10 with urinary tract infections and 11
      with skin or soft tissue infections, etc.) at dose levels of 30-50 mg/kg/day.
      Clinical results in all cases were excellent or good. In particular, good
      bacterial and clinical effects were obtained against infections caused by beta
      lactamase producing AMPC-resistant strains except E. cloacae 1 strain. No adverse
      reactions or abnormal laboratory findings were recognized in any patient.

PMID- 3847521
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies on BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin)
      granules in the pediatric field].
AB  - Fundamental and clinical studies have been performed on BRL 25000 (clavulanic
      acid 1 part-amoxicillin 2 parts) granules in the pediatric field. The
      antibacterial activities of BRL 25000 and amoxicillin (AMPC) were investigated
      against clinically isolated and laboratory stocked strains. BRL 25000 was
      superior to AMPC against strains of E. coli, Salmonella sp. and Klebsiella sp.,
      and similar against Gram-positive cocci. Serum concentrations of AMPC and
      clavulanic acid (CVA) were measured 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after
      administration of BRL 25000 granules at dose levels of 7.5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg.
      At 7.5 mg/kg peak level of AMPC of 2.69 micrograms/ml was achieved about 2 hours
      after dosing with a biological half-life of 1.64 hours; corresponding value for
      CVA was 0.53 micrograms/ml at 1 hour with a T 1/2 of 1.46 hours. At 10 mg/kg,
      AMPC also peaked after 2 hours (3.82 micrograms/ml) and the T 1/2 was 1.63 hours,
      whilst for CVA the value was 0.56 micrograms/ml with a T 1/2 of 1.24 hours. Value
      for AMPC at 15 mg/kg was 5.18 micrograms/ml at 1 hour post dose with a T 1/2 of
      1.48 hours, and for CVA 4.01 micrograms/ml at 1 hour with a T 1/2 of 0.89 hour.
      At the highest dose of 20 mg/kg, AMPC level reached 4.21 micrograms/ml after 2
      hours with a T 1/2 of 2.39 hours, and the CVA peak was 1.64 micrograms/ml at 1
      hour with a T 1/2 of 1.01 hours. The 6 hours urinary recovery of AMPC and CVA
      following administration of the BRL 25000 granules ranged from 38-64% and 2-33%,
      respectively. In the clinical studies, the BRL 25000 granules are administered to
      15 cases with pediatric infections and the clinical response was excellent or
      good in all cases treated (100%). Bacteriological investigation was performed on
      13 strains from 12 cases and all strains were eradicated (100%). Regarding side
      effects, elevation of eosinophil was observed in 1 case and vomiting in 3 cases.

PMID- 3847520
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies on BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin)
      granules in pediatric infections].
AB  - BRL 25000, granules preparation containing 2 parts of amoxicillin (AMPC) and 1
      part of clavulanic acid (CVA, beta-lactamase inhibitor) as its potassium salt,
      has been investigated fundamentally and clinically. An in vitro study of the
      antibacterial activity of BRL 25000 against clinically isolated S. aureus (34
      strains) showed higher activity than for AMPC alone and demonstrated that CVA
      potentiated the activity of AMPC, showing a synergistic effect against beta
      lactamase producing organisms. A total of 27 pediatric patients aged between 6
      months and 13 years 8 months (23 with respiratory infections and 4 with urinary
      tract infections) were treated with a daily dose ranging from 31.7 to 54.5 mg/kg,
      divided into 3 or 4 doses a day for periods of 4-18 days. The clinical effect was
      evaluated as excellent in 26 cases, poor in 1 case and the efficacy ratio was
      therefore 96.3% (26/27). The bacteriological effect against 12 organisms isolated
      from 9 patients was studied and all were eradicated (12/12). A drug-related side
      effect was observed in only 1 patient who developed diarrhea on the 4th day of
      treatment which continued during the treatment for 10 days. However, no severe
      side effect and no abnormality related to the drug in laboratory findings were
      observed. From these results it is concluded that BRL 25000 will be a clinically
      effective drug in the treatment of mild and moderate infections in the pediatric
      field.

PMID- 3847522
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies on BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) in
      the pediatric field].
AB  - Fundamental and clinical studies on BRL 25000 granules were carried out in the
      pediatric field. BRL 25000 is a formulation comprising 1 part of clavulanic acid
      (CVA) and 2 parts of amoxicillin (AMPC). The MICs of BRL 25000 and AMPC were
      assessed against 24 clinically isolated strains of S. aureus (including 23 beta
      lactamase producing strains), 22 S. pyogenes, 20 E. coli (8 beta-lactamase
      producing strains), 24 K. pneumoniae (24 beta-lactamase producing strains), 20 H.
      influenzae (6 beta-lactamase producing strains). BRL 25000 showed MIC80
      (cumulatively 80% of strains were inhibited) at 6.25 micrograms/ml against S.
      aureus, less than or equal to 0.10 micrograms/ml against inst S. pyogenes, 12.5
      micrograms/ml against E. coli, 6.25 micrograms/ml against K. pneumoniae and 0.39
      micrograms/ml against H. influenzae. BRL 25000 showed no improvement in MIC terms
      against beta-lactamase nonproducing strains compared with AMPC. However, BRL
      25000 was markedly more effective against beta-lactamase producing strains. Thus
      BRL 25000 was up to 8 fold more active against S. aureus, 2 to 64 fold against E.
      coli, 4 to 128 fold against K. pneumoniae, 4 to 16 fold against H. influenzae
      than AMPC. Following oral administration of BRL 25000 granules (at a dose level
      of 12.5 mg/kg) to 2 children aged 9 and 11 years, the mean peak serum
      concentrations of AMPC and CVA were 8.33 +/- 2.43 micrograms/ml and 4.44 +/- 1.65
      micrograms/ml respectively 1 hour after dosing. The half-lives of AMPC and CVA
      were 1.35 +/- 0.42 hours and 0.91 +/- 0.05 hour, respectively. The urinary
      excretion was 48.21 +/- 3.83% for AMPC and 16.90 +/- 7.06% for CVA in the first 6
      hours after administration. In clinical studies, 23 pediatric patients aged 2
      months to 12 years with bacterial infections were treated with BRL 25000 granules
      and the clinical effectiveness, bacteriological response and side effects were
      evaluated. The clinical response was assessed in 23 cases, 3 with acute rhinitis,
      6 with acute purulent tonsillitis, 5 with acute bronchitis, 4 with acute
      pneumonia, 3 with impetigo, 1 with furunculosis and 1 with periproctal abscess.
      Results were excellent in 13 cases, good in 7, fair in 3 and hence the efficacy
      rate (excellent and good cases) was 87.0% (20/23). In particular the clinical
      response in 9 cases with infections due to beta-lactamase producing organisms was
      excellent in 6, good in 2, fair in 1 and the efficacy rate was 88.9%
      (8/9).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3847523
TI  - [Bacteriological and clinical evaluation of BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid
      amoxicillin) granules in the pediatric field].
AB  - Bacteriological and clinical evaluations of BRL 25000 (1 part clavulanic acid
      plus 2 parts amoxicillin) granules in the pediatric field have been performed.
      The MICs of BRL 25000 against 25 clinically isolated strains of S. aureus, 40 E.
      coli, and 14 K. pneumoniae were compared with those of AMPC. Against beta
      lactamase non-producing strains of S. aureus and E. coli, the MICs of both drugs
      were nearly equal, however, against beta-lactamase producing strains of these
      species and K. pneumoniae, BRL 25000 was superior to AMPC. The blood levels of
      AMPC and CVA after single oral administration of approximately 15 mg/kg of BRL
      25000 granules to fasted children were studied in 3 subjects. The mean levels of
      AMPC and CVA peaked about 1 hour after administration at values of 11.40 and 5.49
      micrograms/ml, respectively, with half-lives of 0.91 and 1.02 hours, and AUCs of
      23.52 and 12.66 hr X micrograms/ml, respectively. The 6-hour urinary recovery of
      AMPC ranged from 30.59% to 52.03% and for CVA from 16.31% to 45.18%. There was no
      significant difference between the blood level of AMPC following single oral
      administration of approximately 10 mg/kg AMPC granules and that of AMPC following
      single oral administration of approximately 15 mg/kg BRL 25000 granules to the
      same children. Clinical evaluation of BRL 25000 granules administered orally 3-4
      times a day at total daily doses of between 42.9-52.9 mg/kg resulted in
      improvement, judged excellent or good, in all 7 cases of tonsillitis and 2 cases
      of pyelonephritis. In particular, the clinical effect was excellent in the case
      of tonsillitis where a beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae was isolated. In
      the total 11 cases treated, including 2 cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia excluded
      from the clinical evaluation, 1 case of rash and eosinophilia was observed. No
      other adverse reactions or abnormal laboratory findings were observed. The taste
      and flavor of the drug were well accepted by the children. It was concluded that
      BRL 25000 granules are promising new drug which should be markedly useful in the
      treatment of infections in pediatric outpatients.

PMID- 3847524
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies on BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin)
      granules in the pediatric field].
AB  - BRL 25000 granules (containing 2 parts amoxicillin and 1 part clavulanic acid)
      have been studied fundamentally and clinically. The MICs of BRL 25000 against
      strains of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae which were resistant to CEZ and beta
      lactamase producing strains of H. influenzae were determined. The MICs of BRL
      25000 at an inoculum of 10(6) cells/ml were 1/4 to 1/128 of those of AMPC and, in
      particular, the MICs of BRL 25000 were especially reduced against the organisms
      for which those of AMPC were more than 100 micrograms/ml. The pharmacokinetics of
      BRL 25000 were studied in 46 children at dose levels of 7.5 mg (8 fasting
      children, 7 non-fasting children), 10 mg/kg (4 fasting, 4 non-fasting), 15 mg/kg
      (4 fasting, 4 non-fasting), 20 mg/kg (8 fasting, 7 non-fasting). The peak serum
      concentrations in fasting children were marginally higher than those in non
      fasting subjects. Values for AMPC and CVA from BRL 25000, dosed at 7.5, 10, 15
      and 20 mg/kg to fasting children, 0.5-1 hour after dosing were 4.86 and 2.36
      micrograms/ml, 5.20 and 1.69 micrograms/ml, 7.50 and 3.27 micrograms/ml, 9.38 and
      6.30 micrograms/ml, respectively. In non-fasting subjects, corresponding values
      were 2.84 and 1.01 micrograms/ml, 4.53 and 2.10 micrograms/ml, 7.29 and 4.08
      micrograms/ml, 6.83 and 2.96 micrograms/ml, respectively. The biological half
      lives of AMPC and CVA, following the administration of BRL 25000, show no
      significant difference between the fasting and non-fasting states. Values for
      AMPC and CVA in fasting children were 0.85-1.15 hours and 0.64-1.03 hours, and in
      non-fasting children, 1.18-1.79 hours and 0.78-1.02 hours, respectively. The time
      to reach the peak serum concentration and half-lives were similar for AMPC and
      CVA when dosed as BRL 25000. Peak urinary concentrations for BRL 25000 (AMPC and
      CVA) at dose levels of 7.5, 10, 15, 20 mg/kg to fasting children were 681.8 and
      148.2 micrograms/ml, 247.1 and 66.3 micrograms/ml, 484.2 and 149.1 micrograms/ml,
      1,796.5 and 372.0 micrograms/ml, whilst in the non-fasting state the values were
      496.3 and 83.2 micrograms/ml, 991.1 and 156.7 micrograms/ml, 2,397.5 and 460.7
      micrograms/ml, 1, 896.3 and 323.4 micrograms/ml, respectively. The peak urinary
      concentration in the fasting state was observed at 0-2 hours after dosing, and in
      non-fasting individuals it occurred at 2-4 hours after dosing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3847525
TI  - [Effect of BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) on bacterial flora in human
      feces].
AB  - BRL 25000 (187.5 and 375 mg tablets), a formulation of CVA-K and AMPC in the
      ratio of 1:2, and AMPC (as control drug) were administered to healthy volunteers,
      aged 20 approximately 28 years and weighing 60 approximately 85 kg (68.8 kg, on
      average). Each drug was administered 3 times a day (after meals) for 5 days and
      the volunteers were separated into 3 groups of 4 subjects each. The effect on the
      fecal flora was studied before dosage, during administration (day 3 and 5) and
      day 3 and 5 after the administration course was completed. Studies were
      undertaken to isolate C. difficile on the last day of administration and 3 and 5
      days after administration had ceased. Fecal concentrations and the susceptibility
      of the isolates to AMPC, CVA-K and BRL 25000 were measured. Side effects and
      laboratory findings were studied. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In BRL
      25000 (187.5 mg X 3/day) group, the population of E. coli was on average, 1 X
      10(6) approximately 9 X 10(6) cells/g feces before initiation of administration
      and it increased by 2 logarithms 3 and 5 days after initiation of administration.
      By 3 and 5 days after end of administration, the E. coli population was similar
      to the initial population. The population of Klebsiella sp. was 1 X 10(6)
      approximately 9 X 10(6) cells/g feces on average before commencement of dosage
      and it increased by 2 logarithms 3 days after initiation of administration but
      there was no consistent change in the Klebsiella sp. population thereafter. The
      Enterobacter sp., population was not consistent neither was the population of
      other Enterobacteriaceae. In total, the mean Enterobacteriaceae population was 1
      X 10(7) approximately 9 X 10(7) cells/g feces before initiation of administration
      and increased by 2 logarithms 3 days after initiation of administration, and then
      returned to the initial level 5 days after end of administration. No consistent
      changes in population were noted for the other Gram-negative bacilli. The
      Staphylococcus sp. population was 1 X 10(6) approximately 9 X 10(6) cells/g feces
      on average before initiation of administration. This organism was detected in
      only 1 case 3 days after initiation of administration and in another 5 days after
      initiation of administration, thereafter, the population was similar to the
      initial population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3847526
TI  - [Pharmaceutical preparation of BRL 25000].

PMID- 3847527
TI  - [Plasma kallikrein-kinin system in liver diseases--especially in alcoholic liver
      injuries].

PMID- 3847528
TI  - Genetic polymorphisms of human complement components BF and C2 in Korean:
      population and association studies.

PMID- 3847529
TI  - [A case of Bartter's syndrome--special reference to tubular function, the
      prostaglandin and the kallikrein-kinin system in the kidney].

PMID- 3847530
TI  - [Primary nursing. 5. Incorporation of primary nursing into the nursing
      organization].

PMID- 3847531
TI  - [Re-evaluation of daily care. 41. Re-examination of the hospital environment as
      patients' life environment].

PMID- 3847532
TI  - [Alcoholism as a chronic disease].

PMID- 3847533
TI  - [Treatment of alcoholism in the field of internal medicine].

PMID- 3847534
TI  - [Dependence on the patient's will power: interaction with an alcoholic patient
      who had difficulty with the group environment].

PMID- 3847535
TI  - [Alcoholism as a disease entity: support of the patient and inducement of his
      will for recovery].

PMID- 3847537
TI  - [A desperate life of an alcoholic: an account by a former alcoholic].

PMID- 3847536
TI  - [Possibility for recovery from alcoholism].

PMID- 3847538
TI  - [Nursing of alcoholics at a rehabilitation center].

PMID- 3847539
TI  - [Bedside nursing. Reflection on the terminal care with patients' families].

PMID- 3847540
TI  - [Bedside nursing. Interaction with the patient based on mutual trust].

PMID- 3847541
TI  - [Report on home nursing. 15. For the establishment of a regional health care
      system: home nursing of aged, bedridden patients organized at the town office of
      Kotoumi-cho, Nagasaki Prefecture].

PMID- 3847542
TI  - [Monologue by a head nurse: a reflection on her experience in training at an
      American military hospital in Okinawa in 1960].

PMID- 3847543
TI  - [Report from a hospice. 5. Quality of life].

PMID- 3847544
TI  - [Clinical aspects of dementia. 1. Definition of dementia].

PMID- 3847545
TI  - [Medical care in transition: toward the 21st century. 2. The welfare system for
      the aged].

PMID- 3847546
TI  - [Counseling of the patient. 4. Items to follow the initial greeting: procedures
      in counseling. 1].

PMID- 3847547
TI  - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Li Ying, a nurse from the First People's Hospital of
      Shanghai visiting Japan].

PMID- 3847548
TI  - [Diary of a cancer patient: a positive attitude in spite of a loss of his voice.
      5. Surgery and the postoperative course].

PMID- 3847549
TI  - [Health care in Indonesia. 5. Health care services in Indonesia].

PMID- 3847550
TI  - [Clinical significance of pain].

PMID- 3847551
TI  - [Progress in pain therapy: nerve block therapy].

PMID- 3847552
TI  - [Progress in pain therapy: neurosurgical therapy].

PMID- 3847553
TI  - [Nursing of patients with pain: psychosomatic approach to patients with pain].

PMID- 3847554
TI  - [Nursing of patients with pain: current status and problems of therapy in cancer
      pain].

PMID- 3847555
TI  - [Nursing of patients with pain: the WHO interim therapeutic guideline concerning
      cancer pain].

PMID- 3847557
TI  - [Nursing of patients with pain: understanding of pain of patients].

PMID- 3847556
TI  - [Nursing patients with pain: nursing actions and nursing standard for patients
      with pain].

PMID- 3847558
TI  - [Nursing of patients with pain: presurgical education of patients expected to
      have postoperative pain and their care following surgery].

PMID- 3847559
TI  - [Nursing approach to a terminal patient with cancer pain].

PMID- 3847560
TI  - [Nursing of patients with trigeminal neuralgia--neurosurgical therapy according
      to Janneta's method].

PMID- 3847561
TI  - [Evaluation of introduction of psychological tests (CMI and MAS) to nursing in
      dealing with anxiety of patients].

PMID- 3847562
TI  - [Non-surgical treatment of calculi of the kidney and ureter--percutaneous
      lithectomy].

PMID- 3847563
TI  - [Werner's syndrome].

PMID- 3847564
TI  - [Clinical application of an implantable, miniaturized hearing aid (artificial
      middle ear)].

PMID- 3847565
TI  - [New surgical therapy of strabismus].

PMID- 3847566
TI  - [Anesthesia of patients in shock].

PMID- 3847567
TI  - [Extracorporeally induced systemic hyperthermia for the treatment of cancer].

PMID- 3847568
TI  - [Postoperative care of young children in the ICU following heart surgery].

PMID- 3847569
TI  - [Nursing of young children at the ICU following heart surgery].

PMID- 3847571
TI  - [Care in urostomy, uretero-cutaneous fissure requiring a catheter].

PMID- 3847570
TI  - [Survey on diabetic patients who interrupted ambulatory care given at the
      hospital and a lesson from the survey data].

PMID- 3847572
TI  - [The role of nurses in charge of diabetic education at hospitals].

PMID- 3847574
TI  - [Orem's theory].

PMID- 3847575
TI  - [Nursing process].

PMID- 3847573
TI  - [Nursing and communication--a comparison of the practice in Japan and that in the
      United States].

PMID- 3847576
TI  - [Nursing units].

PMID- 3847578
TI  - [Nursing sorted according to nursing functions].

PMID- 3847577
TI  - [Patient-nursing personnel relationship].

PMID- 3847579
TI  - [Group dynamics].

PMID- 3847580
TI  - [Communication].

PMID- 3847581
TI  - [Home care].

PMID- 3847582
TI  - [Self care].

PMID- 3847583
TI  - [Terminal care].

PMID- 3847584
TI  - [Thanatos].

PMID- 3847585
TI  - [Team nursing].

PMID- 3847586
TI  - [Death education].

PMID- 3847587
TI  - [Travelbee's theory].

PMID- 3847589
TI  - [Human science].

PMID- 3847588
TI  - [Theory of the need].

PMID- 3847590
TI  - [Brain death].

PMID- 3847592
TI  - [Biofeedback].

PMID- 3847591
TI  - [Bioethics].

PMID- 3847593
TI  - [Vital signs].

PMID- 3847594
TI  - [Paradigm].

PMID- 3847596
TI  - [Primary care].

PMID- 3847595
TI  - [First aid].

PMID- 3847597
TI  - [Primary nursing].

PMID- 3847599
TI  - [Process records].

PMID- 3847598
TI  - [Primary health care].

PMID- 3847600
TI  - [Comprehensive medicine].

PMID- 3847601
TI  - [Hospices].

PMID- 3847602
TI  - [Rooming-in system].

PMID- 3847603
TI  - [Roy's theory].

PMID- 3847604
TI  - [Role playing].

PMID- 3847605
TI  - [Characteristics of a personal dosimeter and notes on its use].

PMID- 3847606
TI  - [Relationship between the methods of elimination by enterostomy patients and
      their daily activities].

PMID- 3847607
TI  - [Prolongation of mental life expectancy].

PMID- 3847608
TI  - [Case studies for the development of nursing students' capacity to solve
      problems].

PMID- 3847609
TI  - [Nursing education and the role of nursing instructors: from the history of the
      Department of Nursing, Kochi Women's College School of Home Economics].

PMID- 3847610
TI  - [Training in clinical nursing at a home for the aged].

PMID- 3847611
TI  - [Expectation of the instructor of nursing education: the results of a survey on
      the attitude of nursing students].

PMID- 3847612
TI  - [Study on the method of teaching in clinical nursing training: with special
      reference to the records of the actions involved in clinical training].

PMID- 3847613
TI  - [Observation by nursing students at the early stage of clinical training].

PMID- 3847614
TI  - [Preliminary outline of the curriculum for nursing education at National Junior
      Colleges].

PMID- 3847616
TI  - [On nursing education. 35. Nursing technology as a reflection of life style].

PMID- 3847615
TI  - [Educational technology: practice in the field of internal medicine. 1. The
      format of classroom practice].

PMID- 3847617
TI  - [Methodology and problems of nursing education: for the solution of the dilemma
      in teaching. 11. The problem of educational evaluation].

PMID- 3847618
TI  - [Postwar public health nursing activities in Japan (3): job satisfaction in
      public health nursing. Ms. Etsuko Ishizuka (Akita Prefecture). Interview by A
      Sakurada, N Sato, N Kaida].

PMID- 3847619
TI  - [Postwar public health nursing in Japan (3): activities directed to individual
      family units. A case of Ms. Moriyo Imano (Miyagi Prefecture). Interview by H
      Sairo, M Sato, S Horii].

PMID- 3847620
TI  - [Postwar public health nursing activities in Japan (3): activities closely
      associated with the inhabitants. A case of Ms. Take Sasaki (Fukushima
      Prefecture). Interview by A Ishikawa, Y Oki, H Sugano, M Sato, M Harada].

PMID- 3847621
TI  - [Postwar public health nursing activities in Japan (3): activities for the local
      citizens--a case of Ms. Tomiko Watanabe (Tochigi Prefecture). Interview by N
      Osaki, M Sugawa, Y Handa, R Motohashi].

PMID- 3847623
TI  - [Postwar public health nursing activities in Japan (3): positive and persistent
      efforts maintained for over 30 years--a case of Ms. Mieko Akiba (Tokyo).
      Interview by M Ishida, K Kainuma, M Yamano, T Yuaso].

PMID- 3847622
TI  - [Postwar public health nursing activities in Japan (3): toward zero infant
      mortality--a case of Ms. Yuki Hoshino (Chiba Prefecture). Interview by M Oikawa,
      N Kubota, H Sato, Y Yokose, M Yokohara].

PMID- 3847624
TI  - [Postwar public health nursing activities in Japan (3): for fulfillment of home
      care--a case of Ms. Mitsuko Benibayashi (Tokyo). Interview by K Akiba, J Naka].

PMID- 3847625
TI  - [Postwar public health nursing activities in Japan (3): constant inquisitiveness
      and resultant progress--a case of Ms. Kikue Hasebe (Gifu Prefecture). Interview
      by H Kuratsubo, T Goto, E Doi].

PMID- 3847626
TI  - [Postwar public health nursing activities in Japan (3): activities always backed
      by the citizens--a case of Tomiko Ofuji (Mie Prefecture)].

PMID- 3847627
TI  - [Postwar public health nursing activities in Japan (3): pioneers seeking direct
      contact with inhabitants--cases of Tadako Uemura, Nenko Imanishi, and Mieko
      Nishiyama (Nara Prefecture). Interview by T Tsuji, R Nagai, Y Nagashima, K
      Maeda].

PMID- 3847628
TI  - [Public health nursing activities--discussion with public health nursing
      students].

PMID- 3847629
TI  - [Significance of trinity-type approach in health improvement: effectiveness of
      the third viewpoint, the attitudes of the care provider and the public].

PMID- 3847630
TI  - [At completion of nursing of a patient with senile dementia being cared for at
      home].

PMID- 3847631
TI  - [Postwar activities of public health nurses. A lesson in the early public health
      activities based on the welfare of the area residents. Achievement of Ms. Ito
      Shimoyama and Yukie Fukaishi of Shimane Prefecture. Interview by K Okazaki, N
      Shiho, M Nishimura, C Hiroe, Y Miyamoto].

PMID- 3847632
TI  - [Postwar activities of public health nurses. Life-long effort to improve the
      health of the population. Ms. Yoshiko Oshita of Yamaguchi Prefecture. Interview
      by S Watanabe, J Hirata, M Hanonoki].

PMID- 3847633
TI  - [Postwar activities of public health nurses. 28 years of public health nursing
      with efforts toward organizations of regional public health services. Ms. Kaoru
      Takasuka of Ehime Prefecture. Interview by Y Utsunomiya, J Onishi, A Tanaka, T
      Nakagawa T, M Maeda].

PMID- 3847634
TI  - [Postwar activities of public health nurses. Fulfilling experience with no regret
      in the past. Ms. Sueno Kamogawa of Oita Prefecture. Interview by Y Ito, N Inoue,
      Y Otsuru, E Kanda].

PMID- 3847635
TI  - [Postwar activities of public health nurses. Deep concern for the local residents
      and dependable activities. Ms. Asaka Nishi of Kunamoto Prefecture. Interview by T
      Nasu].

PMID- 3847636
TI  - [Postwar activities of public health nurses. Nursing actions tailored to the
      local conditions for the best benefit of the residents. Ms. Shizu Yonaha of Okawa
      Prefecture (H Okuhara, H Shimabukuro)].

PMID- 3847637
TI  - [Postwar activities of public health nurses. Devotion of public health nurses as
      strong as the tropical sun. Ms. Fusako Wakikawa, Tomi Hamasato, and Kiyoko Teruya
      of Okinawa Prefecture. Interview by C Shinaga, T Ikema, M Inoha, T Shingaki, T
      Chinen].

PMID- 3847638
TI  - [Postwar activities of public health nurses. Job satisfaction of public health
      nurses. Ms. Kiyoka Machida and Terue Nakamura of Saitama Prefecture. Interview by
      J Arai, E Shibazaki, E Takashina, A Minomura, R Mochida].

PMID- 3847639
TI  - [A turning point from re-evaluation to the establishment of a prospect in public
      health nursing activities: a viewpoint in comprehensive understanding of public
      health care].

PMID- 3847640
TI  - [Survey on the knowledge and attitudes of housewives concerning salt reduction in
      diet--part of the dietary salt reduction campaign].

PMID- 3847642
TI  - [Disclosure of the sex of the fetus].

PMID- 3847641
TI  - Antimicrobial activity of amoxicillin and other penicillins against clinical
      isolates from bovine udders.

PMID- 3847643
TI  - [A normal birth--also an alternative].

PMID- 3847644
TI  - [Human relations on the job and protection of mental health].

PMID- 3847645
TI  - [Development of nursing in maternity care].

PMID- 3847646
TI  - Computer applications in nursing: an overview.

PMID- 3847647
TI  - Computers in the work environment: concerns for nursing.

PMID- 3847648
TI  - [Elfriede Schlaeppi, central President of the Swiss Nurses' Association, retires.
      "We must become full partners in the field of health. Interview by Nelly Haldi
      and Brigitte Kocher].

PMID- 3847649
TI  - [Various researches provoke the question, do we accord too much importance to
      early childhood?].

PMID- 3847650
TI  - [Establishment of the mother-child relationship. The parental role in the early
      beginnings].

PMID- 3847651
TI  - [Continuing education. 5 new documents available. Greater clarity and legal
      security].

PMID- 3847652
TI  - [Medical demography and nursing. Towards a restructuring of the health system?].

PMID- 3847653
TI  - [Hospital planning in the Canton of Neuchatel. One of the solutions appears
      interesting].

PMID- 3847654
TI  - [Career planning in the hospital: a systematic action].

PMID- 3847655
TI  - [Cataract extraction: optic rehabilitation in cataract].

PMID- 3847656
TI  - [Legal knowledge for nurses (I). What is my legal relationship with my
      employer?].

PMID- 3847657
TI  - [Recommendations for protective measures. Safety in handling of cytostatics].

PMID- 3847658
TI  - [Safety in handling of cytostatics. Protective measures are sensible].

PMID- 3847659
TI  - [A study from the German Federal Republic. Profession and continued education].

PMID- 3847660
TI  - [Decubitus prevention and therapy].

PMID- 3847661
TI  - [Hazards of high-frequency current. 1].

PMID- 3847662
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of ulcerating diseases of the lower extremities].

PMID- 3847663
TI  - [Therapy of osteomyelitis. II].

PMID- 3847664
TI  - [Relationship of technology and humanism. Reflections on everyday clinical
      matters].

PMID- 3847665
TI  - [Hazards of high-frequency current. 2. Current in the human body].

PMID- 3847666
TI  - [Irrigation solutions in urology].

PMID- 3847667
TI  - [The origin of life on this earth].

PMID- 3847669
TI  - [Clinical aspects and therapy of carotid stenosis].

PMID- 3847668
TI  - [Experiences and expectations of a patient following a heart infarct in the
      hospital].

PMID- 3847670
TI  - School health research: a current perspective.

PMID- 3847672
TI  - Regulatory considerations when children are involved as subjects in research.
AB  - Investigators planning research projects face a myriad of considerations
      including careful review of the literature, study design, selection of subject
      population, analysis of data, financial and administrative support, and
      publishing the data. One area for careful thought by those contemplating research
      in educational settings is the regulatory requirements that may apply when human
      subjects--children or students in particular--are involved in the research. This
      article describes the applicability and some basic provisions of US Dept. of
      Health and Human Services (DHHS) regulations for the protection of human
      subjects, requirements for informed consent, and some additional protections for
      children involved in research. Suggestions for preparing a grant application for
      DHHS support and sources of additional information also are included.

PMID- 3847671
TI  - School-based health research funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood
      Institute.
AB  - This paper presents a brief overview of the trends in the National Institutes of
      Health (NIH) funding for school-based research and describes the school-based
      research initiatives for cardiovascular health promotion and disease prevention
      at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). Currently, 15
      cardiovascular school-based research studies are funded at the NHLBI. A summary
      table and a brief description are provided for each study including the name of
      the investigator, the name of the institute awarded the grant, the funding
      period, grade levels and racial/ethnic groups in each study, intervention
      components, research design, outcome measures, and a capsule of reported results.

PMID- 3847673
TI  - Methodologic issues in self-report of health behavior.
AB  - Self-reports of behavior are the most commonly used method for collecting outcome
      data in health education programs, but they are subject to a variety of sources
      of measurement error. Problems of measurement in some recently reported education
      program evaluations are identified, and a model is proposed to identify
      systematically the major influences for accuracy of self-reported measures of
      behavior. Several methodologic studies on the skill aspect of self-report form
      completion are briefly described, and eight steps to promote more accurate self
      report of health behaviors are proposed.

PMID- 3847674
TI  - Screening for risk factors as a component of a chronic disease prevention program
      for youth.
AB  - Screening for risk factors within the framework of a chronic disease prevention
      program for youth can enhance both the educational and evaluative impact of the
      program. Screening results can provide the focus for curriculum development and
      the impetus for health-related behavior change. Program evaluation is facilitated
      by the use of screening results as objective outcome data regarding health
      status. The implementation of medical screening as a component of a chronic
      disease prevention program is described, and issues related to educational and
      evaluative impact are discussed.

PMID- 3847675
TI  - Stepping forward into health education research.
AB  - Directed toward individuals beginning research activities, this article presents
      topical areas of interest for those who are planning projects and applying for
      funding. Topics include Planning the Project, Basic Funding Terminology, Reasons
      Proposals are Disapproved, and How to Initiate a Contact.

PMID- 3847676
TI  - The validity of reliability assessments.
AB  - This paper focuses on reliability and evaluation of health education programs in
      school settings. Reliability is a concept that guides researchers in selecting or
      developing instruments, and is used as a standard, with validity and
      acceptability, for judging the credibility of research findings and inferences.
      Reliability is defined within the context of research design, and methods for
      estimating the reliability of cognitive measures are reviewed. Using data
      gathered in a school health education curriculum evaluation as an example,
      possible errors in hypotheses testing that may occur when estimating internal
      consistency of cognitive test scores obtained in quasi-experimental designs are
      examined. The appropriateness of internal consistency as a measure of reliability
      of cognitive measures is discussed and suggestions for reliability assessment and
      related issues such as power analysis are presented.

PMID- 3847677
TI  - Student heart health knowledge, smoking attitudes, and self-esteem.
AB  - The Chicago Heart Health Curriculum Program (CHHCP) is a comprehensive,
      cardiovascular disease, risk-reduction program designed for a multiracial urban
      population of sixth-grade students and their families. The study showed strong
      program impact on student health knowledge, and found that independence of peers
      significantly influenced smoking attitudes and self-esteem. The latter was
      associated strongly with humanistic teacher attitudes and behavior as well.
      Smoking attitudes were found to be related significantly to general health
      attitudes. The results suggest that future programs conveying heart health
      knowledge should consider student learning in the affective context of self
      esteem, independence of peers, and teacher humanism. Reinforcement through
      continual intervention over a prolonged period may produce more permanent change
      over time.

PMID- 3847678
TI  - An evaluation of quantitative and qualitative assessment techniques on the impact
      of the SERR curriculum.
AB  - This study measured the effectiveness of a smoking risk reduction program for
      sixth grade students using a pretest/posttest control group design with the
      addition of a nonequivalent control group. Knowledge of the health consequences
      of smoking, decision-making, resistance-to-persuasion skills, and tobacco use
      were analyzed quantitatively; program implementation, participant views of the
      program, and program effects were analyzed qualitatively; and the quantitative
      data were analyzed in terms of its consistency with the qualitative data.
      Analysis of quantitative results revealed significant differences between groups
      on the smoking knowledge test, decision-making skills, and resistance-to
      persuasion skills. Qualitative results not only substantiated quantitative
      results, but also revealed overall participant satisfaction with the program.
      They also indicated the need for a close working relationship between teachers,
      state and local health educators, reorganization of the curriculum, and
      relinquishing of curriculum to school districts for self-scheduling and
      organization. Utilization of both methods of analysis yielded a closer estimate
      of total program impact than if only method of analysis had been used.

PMID- 3847679
TI  - Educational program for early postpartum discharge families.

PMID- 3847680
TI  - A case for formula feeding.

PMID- 3847681
TI  - Legal issues of nursing practice.

PMID- 3847682
TI  - [Understanding the mind and the body of female students].

PMID- 3847683
TI  - [Survey of characteristics of student nurses; comparison with students of child
      care and education].

PMID- 3847685
TI  - [Notes on "The basis of nursing"].

PMID- 3847684
TI  - [Student nurses' activity related to daily life and nursing technic].

PMID- 3847686
TI  - [Patients' evaluation on nursing].

PMID- 3847687
TI  - [Survey on maternity health of working women].

PMID- 3847688
TI  - [Sociological and feministic approach to the body (dialog)].

PMID- 3847689
TI  - [Motivation in nursing administration].

PMID- 3847690
TI  - [The effect of nursing care modalities and shift assignments on nurses' work
      experiences and job attitudes].

PMID- 3847691
TI  - [Helping the development of relation between schizophrenics and student nurses].

PMID- 3847692
TI  - [Seminar on accidents in medicine for student nurses].

PMID- 3847693
TI  - [Economic environment surrounding the present hospital management].

PMID- 3847694
TI  - [Responsibility of nurse directors in budget management].

PMID- 3847695
TI  - [Nursing and management].

PMID- 3847696
TI  - [Community nursing activity of Kawakita Hospital and its financial evaluation].

PMID- 3847697
TI  - [Cognitive structure of nursing students on bioethics].

PMID- 3847698
TI  - [Survey on life of students of a 2-year program nursing school].

PMID- 3847699
TI  - [Sociological and feministic approach to the body (dialog)].

PMID- 3847700
TI  - [Instruction, direction and counseling in nursing administration].

PMID- 3847701
TI  - [Considerations about staff development: toward improvement of nursing (1)].

PMID- 3847702
TI  - [Literary works as teaching materials for understanding of the aged people].

PMID- 3847703
TI  - [Survey on hospitals utilized for student nurses' practice in Fukuoka
      Prefecture].

PMID- 3847704
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of diabetic patients. Pathophysiology of diabetes
      mellitus and life activities of and prognosis of patients].

PMID- 3847705
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of diabetic patients. Diagnostic and therapeutic
      processes of diabetic patients].

PMID- 3847706
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of diabetic patients. Keypoints in comprehensive
      observation of diabetic patients].

PMID- 3847707
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of diabetic patients. Nursing plans for diabetic
      patients].

PMID- 3847708
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of diabetic patients. Pre-discharge education of an
      aged diabetic patient with diabetic cataract].

PMID- 3847709
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of diabetic patients. Delay in nursing actions caused
      by insufficient information obtained at admission. A discussion].

PMID- 3847710
TI  - [Investigation approach to clinical training--dietary education of a patient with
      liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 3847711
TI  - [Health education of an expectant patient with past history of pregnancy and
      induced abortions].

PMID- 3847712
TI  - [Clinical conference: lessons in clinical training. On terminal care].

PMID- 3847713
TI  - [Report on nursing study in Denmark by a nursing student (4). A learning
      experience in the activities of home and visiting nurses].

PMID- 3847714
TI  - [Test yourself. Nursing of a patient with maxillary tumor who has been subjected
      to surgery and radiotherapy].

PMID- 3847715
TI  - [Communication among the nursing staff for uniform nursing care. Proper
      communication between nursing teams for proper nursing care].

PMID- 3847716
TI  - [Communication among the nursing staff for uniform nursing care. Factors
      interfering with efficient communication--an observation on the results of an
      analysis of communication at our hospital].

PMID- 3847717
TI  - [Communication among the nursing staff for uniform nursing care. A gap between
      the transmitted information and desired information].

PMID- 3847718
TI  - [Communication among the nursing staff for uniform nursing care. The effect of
      the experience in communication between nursing teams on nursing by students].

PMID- 3847719
TI  - Institutional ethics committees: issues of confidentiality and immunity.

PMID- 3847720
TI  - Consent forms, readability, and comprehension: the need for new assessment tools.

PMID- 3847721
TI  - Crisis in the community.

PMID- 3847723
TI  - Another chapter another Paige. Interview by Alison Dunn.

PMID- 3847722
TI  - Nurse Kinnock's Golden Boy.

PMID- 3847724
TI  - Rethinking nurse education.

PMID- 3847725
TI  - Nursing patience.

PMID- 3847727
TI  - The College I know.

PMID- 3847726
TI  - Look right--look left.

PMID- 3847728
TI  - Sensorimotor development in the presence of atypical object manipulation during
      infancy.

PMID- 3847729
TI  - Children's concepts of illness: implications for health teaching.
AB  - Children's concepts develop through different stages from global and
      undifferentiated to concrete and abstract. In the concrete stage perceptual and
      physical attributes of a concept are dominant. In the abstract stage the
      essential mental and nonperceptual attributes of a concept are grasped. In
      general, children's concepts of illness shift with age from definitions based
      largely on feeling states to broader, more precise definitions that include
      specific diagnoses and psychosocial indicators of illness. The basis for
      determining if one is ill also shifts with age from reliance on external cues to
      reliance on internal body cues. Children's knowledge of specific illnesses
      increases markedly during the school-age years. It appears that their concepts of
      specific illnesses are a synthesis of real knowledge and imaginative distortions.
      Children's concepts of illness causation also develop through different stages
      from global and undifferentiated to concrete and abstract. School-age children
      tend to attribute illness causation to their own actions but with age illness is
      increasingly attributed to external causes. There is in the school-age years
      increasing differentiation between external and internal in explanations of
      illness causation with inclusion of means of internalization of the causal agent
      and intermediary steps between cause and effect. This trend continues in
      adolescence with description of the illness mechanism in terms of physiologic
      processes, internal organ, and malfunctions.

PMID- 3847730
TI  - Deaf children's perception of internal body parts.

PMID- 3847731
TI  - School-age children with diabetes: knowledge and management of the disease, and
      adequacy of self-concept.

PMID- 3847732
TI  - Dominant coping behaviors of one adolescent female hospitalized for surgical
      correction of scoliosis.

PMID- 3847733
TI  - [Pneumococcal meningitis partially resistant to penicillin: presentation of 2
      cases and review of the literature].

PMID- 3847735
TI  - [Nephritis in hemorrhagic vasculitis in children].

PMID- 3847734
TI  - [Kidney failure in childhood].

PMID- 3847736
TI  - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of pyelonephritis in children].

PMID- 3847737
TI  - [Glomerulonephritis in children].

PMID- 3847738
TI  - [Principles of treating glomerulonephritis patients].

PMID- 3847739
TI  - [With concern for youth].

PMID- 3847740
TI  - [Congenital and hereditary nephropathies].

PMID- 3847741
TI  - [Metabolic nephropathy with oxalate-calcium crystalluria in children].

PMID- 3847742
TI  - [Urolithiasis in children and cystinuria as its cause].

PMID- 3847743
TI  - [Causes of the development of urinary tract anomalies in children].

PMID- 3847745
TI  - [Clinico-laboratory methods of studying children with kidney diseases].

PMID- 3847744
TI  - [Use of vitamins in kidney diseases in children].

PMID- 3847746
TI  - [A 1-day hospital for the examination and dispensary care of nephrology
      patients].

PMID- 3847747
TI  - [Work of the nurse in performing x-ray urologic studies of children].

PMID- 3847748
TI  - [Work of the nurse in the nephrology department].

PMID- 3847749
TI  - [Music and medicine].

PMID- 3847750
TI  - [For healthy teeth in the child].

PMID- 3847751
TI  - [Medical ethics and deontology in the children's hospital].

PMID- 3847752
TI  - An approach to post-op pain control: a pain letter.

PMID- 3847753
TI  - Dealing with the pain and discomfort of surgery.

PMID- 3847754
TI  - Impaired nursing practice: Michigan's response.

PMID- 3847755
TI  - Case study in family therapy: a Rogers/Minuchin reformation.

PMID- 3847756
TI  - Avoid labels and stereotypes.

PMID- 3847757
TI  - The implementation of the National Health Service Management Inquiry Report
      (Griffiths) HC(84)13.

PMID- 3847758
TI  - Length of stay in hospital after delivery of a first baby.

PMID- 3847759
TI  - Maternity care in action. Part III: Care of the mother and baby.

PMID- 3847760
TI  - Bonding--obstetric fact of psychological fiction?

PMID- 3847761
TI  - Bonding--has the pendulum swung too far?

PMID- 3847762
TI  - It's my privilege.

PMID- 3847763
TI  - Informed consent and breast cancer: where does the nurse fit in?

PMID- 3847764
TI  - Validity--the essential consideration.

PMID- 3847765
TI  - Management brief from do-it-yourself to delegator.

PMID- 3847766
TI  - A nurse colleague program: one solution to nurse turnover.

PMID- 3847767
TI  - Transporting high-risk newborns: the importance of communication.

PMID- 3847768
TI  - Intravenous Teflon catheter cannulation in the premature infant.

PMID- 3847770
TI  - Clinical pharmacist: emerging member of the NICU team.

PMID- 3847769
TI  - Transition to extrauterine life.

PMID- 3847771
TI  - Making a difference: an educational advisory committee in the NICU.

PMID- 3847772
TI  - Congenital duodenal obstruction.

PMID- 3847773
TI  - Orthopaedics out on a limb.

PMID- 3847774
TI  - Pre- and post-operative visiting at the Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield.

PMID- 3847776
TI  - Learn the ropes from a mentor.

PMID- 3847775
TI  - Cooling-induced supersensitivity to acetylcholine in the isolated airway smooth
      muscle of the rat.
AB  - Isolated tracheal and bronchial strip-chain preparations of the rat were used to
      study the effect of temperature on electrically or acetylcholine-induced
      contraction. The preparations were suspended in the organ bath containing Krebs
      bicarbonate solution for isometric tension recording. A decrease of bath
      temperature from 37 degrees C to 20 degrees C (cooling) had no effect on basal
      tone but augmented the contractile responses of the trachea and bronchus caused
      by stimulation of intramural cholinergic nerves (0.5-5 Hz) or acetylcholine (3
      mumol/l-0.3 mmol/l). Cooling-induced augmentation of the contractile response to
      acetylcholine was not affected by pretreatment of the tissue with physostigmine
      (0.1 mumol/l) or tetrodotoxin (0.3 mumol/l). The affinity of acetylcholine for
      the tracheal muscarinic receptors at 20 degrees C, determined from its
      dissociation constant (KA), was not significantly different from that at 37
      degrees C. On the other hand, acetylcholine-induced contraction of trachea which
      was incubated with isosmotic K+- rich Krebs solution and with Ca-free, EGTA (0.1
      mmol/l) containing Krebs solution were both augmented at 20 degrees C. Caffeine
      or vanadate, each at a lower concentration than the threshold for causing
      contraction by itself, augmented the contractile responses of the trachea to
      acetylcholine (1 mumol/l-0.3 mmol/l). These potentiating effects of caffeine and
      vanadate were greater at 20 degrees C then 37 degrees C. From these observations,
      it is concluded that increased responsiveness of the rat airway smooth muscle to
      acetylcholine with lowered temperature may involve the acceleration of Ca release
      from intracellular storage sites, inhibition of Ca extrusion from the cell and or
      the inhibition of Ca reuptake by intracellular storage sites.

PMID- 3847778
TI  - Educators ask: what leads to job satisfaction?

PMID- 3847777
TI  - Promote healthy lifestyles.

PMID- 3847779
TI  - Nursing administrator establishes marketing strategies.

PMID- 3847780
TI  - Organize. Admitting nurses gain recognition.

PMID- 3847782
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Continuum; inspiration.

PMID- 3847781
TI  - First conference of RCN Society of Paediatric Nursing.

PMID- 3847783
TI  - Set records straight.

PMID- 3847784
TI  - The quiet revolution.

PMID- 3847785
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Common sense.

PMID- 3847786
TI  - Much is happening in the field of mental handicap nursing.

PMID- 3847787
TI  - Seething with unrest.

PMID- 3847788
TI  - Determining the future of nursing.

PMID- 3847789
TI  - Joining hands: geriatric and psychiatric nursing.

PMID- 3847790
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Better future. A role to play.

PMID- 3847791
TI  - The time is right for closer bonding.

PMID- 3847792
TI  - The PRB has done nurses proud in 1985.

PMID- 3847793
TI  - 'Justice' is new ICN watchword. Presidential address.

PMID- 3847794
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Echo those words.

PMID- 3847795
TI  - Ensure high environmental and safety standards are maintained.

PMID- 3847796
TI  - Use of restraint.

PMID- 3847797
TI  - Organ transplant law raises thorny questions.

PMID- 3847799
TI  - Strategic planning for the business of community health and home care.

PMID- 3847798
TI  - Tackling a changing society head on.

PMID- 3847800
TI  - Order out of chaos: changes in community health and home care.

PMID- 3847801
TI  - Using behavior modeling to teach management skills.

PMID- 3847802
TI  - Trends that may affect nursing's future.

PMID- 3847803
TI  - With this flow sheet, less is more....

PMID- 3847804
TI  - Say good-bye to guilt.

PMID- 3847805
TI  - Perfecting your i.v. therapy techniques. Part III.

PMID- 3847806
TI  - Assessing the liver.

PMID- 3847807
TI  - Single-dose I.M. injections. How much is too much?

PMID- 3847808
TI  - Hemodynamic monitoring. Learning to read the waves.

PMID- 3847809
TI  - Electric shock.

PMID- 3847810
TI  - Teaching Harry what we'd thought he knew.

PMID- 3847811
TI  - Back to basics.

PMID- 3847812
TI  - Working with an angry nurse.

PMID- 3847813
TI  - Crimes of compassion.

PMID- 3847814
TI  - Using teamwork for better patient care.

PMID- 3847815
TI  - Getting things under control. Angry nurse.

PMID- 3847816
TI  - Inadequate staffing? Don't take chances with risky solutions.

PMID- 3847817
TI  - Urine self-testing: what your patient needs to know.

PMID- 3847818
TI  - Combating acute tubular necrosis.

PMID- 3847819
TI  - How can you help this diabetic patient?

PMID- 3847820
TI  - The most difficult person I've ever worked with. Dr. Boyd broke all the rules.

PMID- 3847822
TI  - Avoiding legal risks in the ICU.

PMID- 3847821
TI  - Intractable pain: is more medication the only answer?

PMID- 3847823
TI  - Refusing to follow orders: what's the cost of saying no?

PMID- 3847824
TI  - Patient advocacy: unprofessional conduct? Court case.

PMID- 3847825
TI  - Education Day: concentration improves compliance.

PMID- 3847826
TI  - Automating patient care planning.

PMID- 3847827
TI  - Orienting nurses to computers.

PMID- 3847828
TI  - Emergency department: on the road again?

PMID- 3847829
TI  - Taking charge of computerization.

PMID- 3847830
TI  - Focus charting: streamlining documentation.

PMID- 3847832
TI  - Medical nurses: the generalist is a "specialist," too!

PMID- 3847831
TI  - The affective domain in health occupations education.

PMID- 3847834
TI  - Client, n. ... loosely, a customer.

PMID- 3847833
TI  - What makes you mad?

PMID- 3847835
TI  - Stepping back from the shopfloor.

PMID- 3847836
TI  - Image and reality. 1. What chance of job satisfaction in OH nursing?

PMID- 3847838
TI  - What can a computer do for you?

PMID- 3847837
TI  - Nursing under stress.

PMID- 3847839
TI  - Evaluation of an occupational health cost containment program.

PMID- 3847840
TI  - The policy and procedure manual--essential component of an employee health unit.

PMID- 3847841
TI  - Smoking cessation in nurses: a report on a self-selected population at the
      Presbyterian Hospital in New York City.

PMID- 3847842
TI  - Women, work and pregnancy: implications for occupational health nursing.

PMID- 3847843
TI  - Near-death experiences: implications for medical personnel.

PMID- 3847844
TI  - The silent epidemic: asbestosis and related diseases.

PMID- 3847845
TI  - Potential health hazards with antineoplastic drugs.

PMID- 3847846
TI  - The research process: an overview.

PMID- 3847847
TI  - [The doctor's visit--from the viewpoint of nursing service management].

PMID- 3847849
TI  - [Radioactivity--around, in, for and against us].

PMID- 3847848
TI  - [Health economic considerations on morbidity status in Austria].

PMID- 3847851
TI  - [Nursing care of stoma patients].

PMID- 3847850
TI  - [The professional status of nursing personnel in Vienna].

PMID- 3847852
TI  - [One year of selective menus in the hospital of the provincial capital of
      Bregenz].

PMID- 3847853
TI  - [Improved well-being through more intensive instruction?].

PMID- 3847854
TI  - [Health and what keeps youth from attaining it].

PMID- 3847855
TI  - PNA member visits Central America: this is what she saw and felt.

PMID- 3847856
TI  - Greiner chronicles travels to Central America; details plight of the Sandinista.

PMID- 3847857
TI  - The role of calcium and estrogen in osteoporosis.

PMID- 3847858
TI  - An in-depth look at osteoporosis.

PMID- 3847859
TI  - Spine fractures associated with osteoporosis.

PMID- 3847860
TI  - Glucocorticoid osteopenia.

PMID- 3847861
TI  - Maintaining a positive environment for the older adult.

PMID- 3847862
TI  - Toward a hip fracture prevention project.

PMID- 3847863
TI  - Initial assessment and management of femoral neck fractures in the elderly.

PMID- 3847865
TI  - Loneliness in the elderly.

PMID- 3847866
TI  - Perioperative concerns for the patient with osteoporosis.

PMID- 3847864
TI  - Nursing liability--the patient who falls.

PMID- 3847867
TI  - Stress fractures of the femoral neck.

PMID- 3847868
TI  - Power versus empathy: harmony or discord?

PMID- 3847869
TI  - Sequence and codon recognition of bean mitochondria and chloroplast tRNAsTrp:
      evidence for a high degree of homology.
AB  - Bean mitochondria and chloroplast tRNAsTrp, purified by RPC-5 chromatography and
      two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, have been sequenced using post-labeling
      techniques. The high degree of sequence homology between bean mitochondria and
      chloroplast tRNAsTrp shows that these two tRNAs are coded for by closely related
      genes which have probably evolved from a common ancestor gene. The anticodon of
      bean mitochondria tRNATrp is CmCA, which can recognize UGG (the codon for
      tryptophan in the universal code) and is complementary neither to UGA (which
      codes for tryptophan in mammalian and yeast mitochondria) nor to CGG (which could
      be a tryptophan codeword in plant mitochondria).

PMID- 3847871
TI  - Mothers' and unrelated persons' initial handling of newborn infants.
AB  - The pattern of newborn handling by 36 newly delivered women during their infants'
      first postpartum bedside visit was compared with the pattern of newborn handling
      by 36 female nursing students at the beginning of their first clinical day in a
      hospital normal newborn nursery. The research hypothesis predicted that the
      initial pattern of handling a newborn infant would be similar for mothers and
      persons unrelated to the newborn. However, mothers and students differed
      significantly, both for the amount of handling during the observation period and
      the time it took each group to initiate using fingers, palms, arms, and trunk to
      handle the infant. In addition, the sequence of use of fingers, palms, arms, and
      trunk was different for mothers and students. Although the mothers did not follow
      the sequence of handling reported in the literature, the students did, thus
      casting doubt on the specificity of a pattern of maternal handling of the newborn
      infant as a means of assessing maternal attachment.

PMID- 3847870
TI  - The process of maternal role attainment over the first year.
AB  - A study of the process of maternal role attainment in three age groups (15 to 19
      years, 20 to 29 years, and 30 to 42 years) over the first year of motherhood
      found that the role attainment behaviors of feelings of love for the baby,
      gratification in the maternal role, observed maternal behavior, and self-reported
      ways of handling irritating child behaviors did not show a positive linear
      increase over the year. Behaviors peaked at 4 months postbirth, but declined at 8
      months. Interview data suggested that the challenges of the infant's
      developmental behaviors at 8 and 12 months contributed to feelings of role
      incompetency. Although age groups functioned at different levels, their patterns
      of behaviors over the year did not vary, except for gratification in the role,
      indicating that the maternal role presented similar challenges for all women.
      There were no significant differences by maternal age in role strain or self
      image as a mother over the year.

PMID- 3847872
TI  - Development of the Infant Tenderness Scale.
AB  - This article describes the development of a new instrument, the Blank Infant
      Tenderness Scale (BITS), designed to measure mothers' perceptions of infant
      tenderness needs. These infant needs include physiological requirements, such as
      nourishment and adequate body temperature, and contact requirements, such as
      physical closeness and manipulation. Guided by Sullivan's (1953) theorem of
      tenderness, a 36-item instrument was constructed. To assess reliability and
      validity of the BITS and to develop a beginning data base with new mothers, 65
      healthy postpartum mothers participated in the study. The results demonstrated
      that the BITS has high internal consistency and construct validity, and
      sufficient split-half reliability. Parity was found to affect mothers'
      perceptions, with multiparous mothers differentiating more among infant
      tenderness needs than primiparous mothers. Although maternal age did not
      significantly influence mothers' perceptions, a graded effect was noted. The
      results further support the view that both physiological and contact needs are
      important in providing an infant with tenderness.

PMID- 3847873
TI  - Spouse support and myocardial infarction patient compliance.
AB  - This study investigated the relationship between spouse support and compliance of
      myocardial infarction patients. Data were obtained from a sample of 60 couples
      during home interviews with the husband at least three months following his
      infarction. The hypothesis tested was that there is a positive relationship
      between spouse support and compliance. Husband's self-reported compliance was
      obtained for each of 10 aspects of the regimen. A spouse support questionnaire
      completed by wives estimated the degree to which they engaged in behaviors
      theorized to be supportive. Demographic and illness variables were also obtained.
      The hypothesis was not supported. Moreover, compliance was not related to
      demographic or illness variables, although those subjects still engaged in a
      cardiac rehabilitation program had significantly higher compliance than those who
      had stopped attending.

PMID- 3847874
TI  - Nursing students' assessments of behaviorally self-blaming rape victims.
AB  - A review of evidence relating to adaptiveness of behavioral self-blame is
      presented with results of a study of the reactions of senior baccalaureate
      nursing students (N = 144) to vignettes of rape victims who differed in terms of
      behavioral self-blame (present or absent), affect (positive or negative), and
      lapsed time since attack (1 month, 6 months, 1 year). Students' assessments of
      victims' adjustment varied with findings in the literature on length of time
      needed for recovery and the usefulness of behavioral self-blame.

PMID- 3847875
TI  - Types and sources of social support for managing job stress in critical care
      nursing.
AB  - The theoretical model of occupational stress developed by LaRocco, House, and
      French, (1980) was tested in relation to job stress in critical care nursing. A
      sample of 164 female critical care nurses was obtained from eight hospitals. The
      variables of perceived social support, perceived job stress, job dissatisfaction,
      and psychological symptoms were measured, and specific types and sources of
      support were examined. Findings from the full sample supported all the main
      effects in the model but none of the buffering effects. For the married group, a
      specific type of support (work support) explained 24% of the variance of
      perceived job stress, nearly double that of the overall social support measure
      for this group. For the unmarried group, a specific source of support (from
      relatives) explained 10% of the variance in perceived job stress and 16% of the
      variance in psychological symptoms--double or triple the effect of the total
      network support score for the full sample.

PMID- 3847876
TI  - Predicting nurses' turnover and internal transfer behavior.
AB  - This research examined the predictability of internal job transfer and turnover
      behavior from nurses' career plans, work values, and job satisfaction. Values and
      career plans rather than job satisfaction were found to discriminate between
      persons who remained in their jobs, accepted internal transfers, or turned over
      within a one-year research period. Results raise doubts about nurses' use of
      internal transfer as a substitute for turnover and support the importance of
      employees' expectations about future satisfaction as a major determinant of job
      movement.

PMID- 3847877
TI  - Professional and bureaucratic role conceptions and moral behavior among nurses.
AB  - This descriptive study tested the relationship between professional and
      bureaucratic role conceptions and moral behavior. It was theorized that
      professional-bureaucratic role conceptions of nurses, and their perceptions of
      the discrepancy between ideal and actual values influence the manner in which
      they practice and operationalize their professional values, including moral
      behavior. Data were obtained from 217 practicing nurses representing different
      positions, areas of practice, education, age, ethnic groups, and work settings.
      Two of the subscales of Nursing Role Conceptions (Pieta, 1976) were used to
      measure professional and bureaucratic role conceptions; moral behavior was
      measured by Judgments About Nursing Decisions (Ketefian, 1981). Professional
      categorical role conception was positively related to moral behavior.
      Professional normative role conception and professional role discrepancy were
      negatively related. Bureaucratic role discrepancy was found to be positively
      related to moral behavior. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that
      the combination of professional normative and bureaucratic normative role
      conceptions, professional categorical and bureaucratic categorical role
      conceptions, and professional and bureaucratic role discrepancies explained
      greater variance in moral behavior than either one of the pairs of variables
      alone. The interactions between these variables were not significant.

PMID- 3847879
TI  - The clues that don't add up.

PMID- 3847878
TI  - Reliability estimates: use and disuse.

PMID- 3847880
TI  - Darenth Park. Countdown to closure.

PMID- 3847881
TI  - Child abuse. Children at risk.

PMID- 3847882
TI  - Fact-finding mission.

PMID- 3847883
TI  - When the tables are turned.

PMID- 3847884
TI  - Nurse as relative. Out in the cold.

PMID- 3847885
TI  - The days since boil and bake.

PMID- 3847887
TI  - Long-term intravenous therapy.

PMID- 3847886
TI  - Getting off to a good start.

PMID- 3847888
TI  - Helping Harry to relate to others.

PMID- 3847889
TI  - Steps to independence.

PMID- 3847890
TI  - Reading matters.

PMID- 3847891
TI  - What good are essays?

PMID- 3847892
TI  - Yes, minister?

PMID- 3847893
TI  - Bradford fire. After the inferno.

PMID- 3847894
TI  - Legionnaire's disease. Mystery of the organism.

PMID- 3847895
TI  - Standards of care. A tale of two wards.

PMID- 3847896
TI  - Standards of care. Fighting for the future. Interview by Patricia Slack.

PMID- 3847897
TI  - Standards of care. Satisfaction guaranteed.

PMID- 3847899
TI  - Does doctor know best?

PMID- 3847898
TI  - Education. The twilight zone.

PMID- 3847900
TI  - Suffer little children....

PMID- 3847901
TI  - Learn to believe in yourself.

PMID- 3847902
TI  - Desirable residence?

PMID- 3847903
TI  - An intensive health visiting programme for mothers with toddlers.

PMID- 3847905
TI  - Measuring pressure sores.

PMID- 3847904
TI  - Pressure sores. Healing through teamwork.

PMID- 3847906
TI  - Wound infection after caesarean section.

PMID- 3847907
TI  - Update on AIDS.

PMID- 3847908
TI  - Hospital-acquired urinary tract infection.

PMID- 3847909
TI  - Changing course.

PMID- 3847910
TI  - Computing. The Calgary connection.

PMID- 3847911
TI  - Heart of the matter.

PMID- 3847912
TI  - Some awkward questions.

PMID- 3847913
TI  - Cosmic nursing. Star wards.

PMID- 3847915
TI  - Management of oesophageal varices.

PMID- 3847914
TI  - Formula for success?

PMID- 3847916
TI  - Adapting the process.

PMID- 3847918
TI  - Caring for a patient undergoing a radiculogram.

PMID- 3847917
TI  - Dressing ulcers. Unwelcome guests.

PMID- 3847919
TI  - The profit of weight loss.

PMID- 3847920
TI  - Safe as houses?

PMID- 3847922
TI  - Who's playing God?

PMID- 3847921
TI  - The world is her oyster. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3847923
TI  - Nurses and human rights. Matters of conscience.

PMID- 3847925
TI  - The tip of the iceberg.

PMID- 3847924
TI  - The new psychotherapists.

PMID- 3847926
TI  - Management. One for you, one for me.

PMID- 3847927
TI  - In sickness and in health.

PMID- 3847928
TI  - An unusual case of urinary fistula.

PMID- 3847929
TI  - An unusual case of urinary fistula. Helping Edith to cope.

PMID- 3847930
TI  - Systems of life no 126. Setting up the systems- 26. Development of the axial
      skeleton.

PMID- 3847931
TI  - Backchat. Not today, thank you.

PMID- 3847932
TI  - Trading places.

PMID- 3847933
TI  - Robbing Peter to pay Paul.

PMID- 3847934
TI  - Patients first. Satisfied customers?

PMID- 3847935
TI  - Regional nurses. Endangered species.

PMID- 3847936
TI  - Nurse with no name.

PMID- 3847938
TI  - The education debate. The shape of things to come.

PMID- 3847937
TI  - The education debate. Born or made?. Interview by Niall Dickson.

PMID- 3847939
TI  - Resection of an aortic aneurysm.

PMID- 3847940
TI  - Mind treatment.

PMID- 3847941
TI  - Budgeting for beginners. Reading the small print.

PMID- 3847942
TI  - Management. Right for the job?

PMID- 3847943
TI  - Leg ulcers and their management.

PMID- 3847944
TI  - Backchat. A degree of change.

PMID- 3847945
TI  - Health centres of excellence.

PMID- 3847946
TI  - Can't pay? Won't pay!

PMID- 3847947
TI  - Community nursing. Back to basics.

PMID- 3847948
TI  - It's now or never.

PMID- 3847949
TI  - Does the process help the patient?

PMID- 3847950
TI  - Spinal fusion for scoliosis.

PMID- 3847951
TI  - Open minds.

PMID- 3847953
TI  - Realism in curriculum planning.

PMID- 3847952
TI  - Management. Head hunting.

PMID- 3847954
TI  - Backchat. Killed by kindness?

PMID- 3847955
TI  - Community. DIY male maintenance.

PMID- 3847956
TI  - Hyperactive children. 3. Play therapy.

PMID- 3847957
TI  - Hospital histories. 2. Nether Edge Hospital.

PMID- 3847958
TI  - Management. Harsh decisions.

PMID- 3847959
TI  - Infant feeding. Psychology of choice.

PMID- 3847960
TI  - Infant feeding. Breast versus bottle.

PMID- 3847961
TI  - Education. Formula for success.

PMID- 3847962
TI  - Intensive care nursing. 4. Neglected areas.

PMID- 3847963
TI  - Nutrition. 6. Drug-nutrient interactions.

PMID- 3847964
TI  - Ignorance could be healthier.

PMID- 3847965
TI  - Education news. Studies for Scottish nurses are boosted.

PMID- 3847966
TI  - Cool King on a hot seat. Interview by Martin Vousden.

PMID- 3847967
TI  - Preventing pressure sores.

PMID- 3847968
TI  - Caring for leg ulcers.

PMID- 3847969
TI  - A sticky solution.

PMID- 3847970
TI  - Nurses in society. A chance to air your views. Interview by Cate Campbell.

PMID- 3847971
TI  - Clinical revision series. 7. Oxford knee replacement.

PMID- 3847973
TI  - Tooting Bec hospital.

PMID- 3847972
TI  - Down your way. Day care unit.

PMID- 3847974
TI  - Acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 3847975
TI  - Unit learning assignment.

PMID- 3847976
TI  - Trust, respect and use.

PMID- 3847977
TI  - Jam tomorrow, but not today: why nurses have been conned again.

PMID- 3847978
TI  - Mind you don't fall.

PMID- 3847979
TI  - Satisfied with your job?

PMID- 3847980
TI  - Virginia Henderson: the definitive nurse. Interview by Cate Campbell.

PMID- 3847981
TI  - Stress survey. Disturbing findings.

PMID- 3847982
TI  - Stress survey. In their own words.

PMID- 3847983
TI  - Clinical revision series. 8. Congenital heart disease.

PMID- 3847984
TI  - Crisis in care.

PMID- 3847985
TI  - Friend or foe?

PMID- 3847986
TI  - Mental handicap. 1. Leading them home.

PMID- 3847987
TI  - Caring for learners.

PMID- 3847988
TI  - Mental health. Wise counsel.

PMID- 3847989
TI  - Best apron forward.

PMID- 3847990
TI  - Selecting a tool for measuring fatigue.

PMID- 3847991
TI  - The nurse in Washington Internship Week.

PMID- 3847992
TI  - The impact of certification on specialty associations.

PMID- 3847993
TI  - Cancer pain and suffering: clinical lessons from life, literature and legend.

PMID- 3847994
TI  - Psychotherapy and the person with cancer: an analysis of one nurse's experience.

PMID- 3847995
TI  - Malignant pleural effusions.

PMID- 3847996
TI  - Patients' descriptions of the experience of receiving radiation therapy.

PMID- 3847997
TI  - Cancer pain: assessment of nurses' knowledge and attitudes.

PMID- 3847998
TI  - You're leaving when? Looking at recruitment and retention in today's economy.

PMID- 3848000
TI  - From staff nurse to board member.

PMID- 3847999
TI  - Managing pain medications at home.

PMID- 3848001
TI  - Designing surgical instruments: a nurse's innovation.

PMID- 3848002
TI  - Solving the frustration of unscheduled "simple procedures": the basic procedure
      room (continuing education).

PMID- 3848003
TI  - Obtaining a graduate degree with perioperative clinical nursing specialization.

PMID- 3848004
TI  - Glycerol injection: an alternative treatment for trigeminal neuralgia.

PMID- 3848005
TI  - Quality circles: effective problem solving in the operating room (continuing
      education).

PMID- 3848006
TI  - Implementing wellness philosophy in an ambulatory surgery center.

PMID- 3848008
TI  - A comprehensive look at the operating microscope.

PMID- 3848007
TI  - Research: welcome to the world of nursing research.

PMID- 3848009
TI  - Gas-fluid exchange procedure applied to giant retinal tears.

PMID- 3848010
TI  - Comprehensive care of patient undergoing stapedectomy for otosclerosis
      (continuing education).

PMID- 3848011
TI  - Lasers: issues, problems, and implications for practice.

PMID- 3848012
TI  - Intracranial aneurysms: diagnosis, treatment, and nursing implications
      (continuing education).

PMID- 3848013
TI  - A comprehensive laser center.

PMID- 3848014
TI  - Primer on organizing microsurgical procedures more effectively.

PMID- 3848015
TI  - Professional survival tips: writing an effective cover letter and resume.

PMID- 3848017
TI  - Symposium on pulmonary medicine.

PMID- 3848016
TI  - Dialogue on malpractice.

PMID- 3848018
TI  - Chronic cough. Diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - Cough is a common symptom in the smoking and non-smoking patient seeking medical
      attention from the office-based physician. Often, a comprehensive history and
      physical examination suggest the correct diagnosis, and specific therapy can be
      directed to the underlying disease. A chest roentgenogram is an essential part of
      the workup; it may suggest tuberculosis, chronic fungal infection,
      bronchiectasis, or lung abscess. In addition, bronchogenic carcinoma, which is
      increasing in frequency in the population, has several common manifestations that
      can be recognized on the chest roentgenogram. Pulmonary function studies are
      often helpful in the workup of the patient with chronic cough. A pattern of
      obstructive lung disease is seen with asthma, chronic bronchitis, and
      bronchiectasis. Diseases that cause lung fibrosis, such as idiopathic pulmonary
      fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and pneumoconiosis, give a restrictive ventilatory defect.
      Bronchoprovocation testing can be helpful when baseline pulmonary function tests
      are normal and the diagnosis of postviral bronchitis or cough-variant asthma is
      suggested. If the bronchial inhalation challenge is negative, these diagnoses can
      be excluded. Chronic rhinosinusitis with associated postnasal drip is one of the
      most common causes of chronic cough and is often difficult to confirm because the
      physical examination and roentgenogram of the paranasal sinuses may be normal. In
      a great majority of patients with chronic cough, a diagnosis can be established
      by simple, clinical and laboratory procedures used in the outpatient setting.

PMID- 3848019
TI  - Clinical presentations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - The diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease covers a wide range of
      lung problems that have as their base the partial blockage of the smooth movement
      of air from the lungs during expiration. Asthma, simple bronchitis, chronic
      obstructive bronchitis, and emphysema are the diseases usually considered as
      chronic obstructive disease. Many of their multiple presentations are quite
      common in clinical medicine but are sometimes difficult to recognize. Once the
      inciting event is identified, it is often reversible.

PMID- 3848020
TI  - A guide to prescribing pulmonary rehabilitation.
AB  - Pulmonary rehabilitation does have a place in the medical management of COPD. It
      is the responsibility of the primary care practitioner to be sufficiently
      informed to make intelligent choices among programs for optimum benefit to the
      patient. Beyond bronchodilators and small volume nebulizers is the concept of
      pulmonary rehabilitation, aimed at the art of living with lung disease, which may
      not alter the outcome of the disease but may change the quality of life for those
      who are sufficiently motivated to develop new habits.

PMID- 3848021
TI  - Lung cancer. An update.
AB  - Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States in
      1985. Early diagnosis and an aggressive surgical approach offer the best chance
      for a cure. Unfortunately, the majority of patients will be diagnosed after the
      disease has metastasized. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy, despite recent
      advances, are still basically palliative modalities. The most efficacious
      approach to the control of lung cancer is an effective anti-smoking campaign.

PMID- 3848022
TI  - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
AB  - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy continues to be an important tool in the
      diagnosis of pulmonary disease. This article reviews the history, technology,
      methodology, applications, and complications of this diagnostic tool.

PMID- 3848023
TI  - Clinical evaluation of exercise and sleep disorders.
AB  - Current understanding of exercise and sleep in normal and pathophysiologic states
      is outlined. Clinical laboratory techniques used in the evaluation of these
      disorders are presented and discussed.

PMID- 3848024
TI  - Decision making in the critically ill patient.
AB  - In the preceding discussion we have attempted to set forth some realistic
      guidelines for the primary care physician in the critical care area. We feel that
      he is of utmost importance in setting the tone for his patient's care. He is the
      first physician to be called when his patient becomes critically ill. He decides
      whether or not consultation is needed immediately. He should choose appropriate
      consultants, trying to provide required expertise and compatible personalities to
      relate with his patient and the patient's family. His work does not end with
      establishing roles and delivering care. He is the single most important physician
      when difficult ethical and medicolegal decisions must be made. He is the
      physician who knows the patient and the patient's family best. They look to him
      for guidance and decision making about their health care. He is best able to
      discuss the wishes and desires of the patient if the patient becomes unable to
      decide for himself. The primary care physician can be extremely helpful when the
      appropriate medical decision is to withhold therapy. He can comfort and console
      the family and help them realize that the proper decisions have been made. His
      previous close relationship with the patient and family makes difficult decisions
      much easier to accept. He is also of primary importance when trying to provide
      care to a patient who ostensibly refuses such care. The trust he has earned in
      the past because of the care he was provided allows him to be much more forceful
      than the subspecialist who may have been on the case for 1 or 2 days. He can be
      the difference between survival and death merely by his presence and advice.
      Other difficult decisions are always made easier by a primary physician who can
      relate to the consultants as well as the patient and his family. In conclusion,
      we feel that the technologic advances of the past 30 years have tended to drive
      the primary care physician away from the critical care unit. This is mostly
      because of a need for particular expertise to run the machines of medicine. One
      cannot be expected to become or remain an expert in primary care and critical
      care medicine. The primary care physician should not feel or be excluded from the
      critical care area. His knowledge of general medicine and his expertise in
      interpersonal and family relationships allow him to provide the much needed "high
      touch" component of "high tech" critical care medicine.

PMID- 3848025
TI  - Diagnostic advances in interstitial lung disease.
AB  - In summary, the interstitial lung diseases represent a large group of diseases
      with similar clinical and pathophysiologic features but widely different
      etiologies. A definitive diagnosis usually depends on obtaining tissue; however,
      a clinical diagnosis may be adequate for therapeutic intervention in selected
      cases. A schematic approach to the evaluation of interstitial lung disease is
      presented in Figure 5. Currently, there is intense research in developing
      accurate noninvasive tests not only to enhance diagnosis but also to help monitor
      and modulate treatment.

PMID- 3848026
TI  - Pulmonary embolism.
AB  - PE, a common and serious pulmonary problem, most often results as a complication
      of DVT in the lower extremities. There are no specific symptoms or signs that
      allow a clinical diagnosis of PE. The best approach to the diagnosis is
      controversial and is at least partially dependent on the diagnostic capabilities
      and expertise available at a given hospital. Pulmonary arteriography is the
      definitive diagnostic test and should be considered in patients with results of
      less-than-high probability V-Q scans, those at high risk of bleeding
      complications with anticoagulation therapy, and those considered candidates for
      thrombolytic therapy.

PMID- 3848027
TI  - Nurse's testimony--"retaliatory termination".

PMID- 3848029
TI  - [The lower urinary tract in males. (1). Urinary catheterization].

PMID- 3848028
TI  - Student nurse anesthetis--brain damage: liability. Case in point: Central
      Anesthesia Assoc. v. Worthy (325 S.E. 2d 819--GA).

PMID- 3848030
TI  - [Cardiac monitoring].

PMID- 3848031
TI  - [Anesthesia in tetralogy of Fallot].

PMID- 3848032
TI  - [Role of the circulating nurse in interventions for tetralogy of Fallot].

PMID- 3848033
TI  - [Pre- and postoperative hospitalization of a child with tetralogy of Fallot].

PMID- 3848034
TI  - [Respiratory exercise therapy in tetralogy of Fallot].

PMID- 3848035
TI  - [Tetralogy of Fallot].

PMID- 3848036
TI  - [Hospitalization in intensive care of a child with tetralogy of Fallot].

PMID- 3848037
TI  - [Report of a case of laryngeal carcinoma].

PMID- 3848038
TI  - [Vocal rehabilitation and social reintegration of laryngectomy patients].

PMID- 3848039
TI  - [The lower urogenital system in the male. (2). The prostate and its diseases].

PMID- 3848040
TI  - [The intubation box].

PMID- 3848041
TI  - [Physiology of equilibration].

PMID- 3848043
TI  - [Complementary tests].

PMID- 3848042
TI  - [Examination of a patient undergoing a tympanoplasty].

PMID- 3848044
TI  - [Anatomy of the ear].

PMID- 3848045
TI  - [Indications for homograft or for tympanoplasty].

PMID- 3848046
TI  - [Homografts and ossicle banks].

PMID- 3848047
TI  - [Physiology of hearing].

PMID- 3848048
TI  - PWC75%HRmax: a measure of aerobic work capacity.

PMID- 3848049
TI  - [A condemnation for defamation].

PMID- 3848050
TI  - [Presentation and special features of the unit].

PMID- 3848051
TI  - [Critical care work: schedules and shifts].

PMID- 3848052
TI  - [Team work and delegating].

PMID- 3848053
TI  - [Intensive care: hypertechnology, mothering, personal implications].

PMID- 3848054
TI  - [Dialog with the medical team].

PMID- 3848056
TI  - [Monitoring of patients on ventilators].

PMID- 3848055
TI  - [Relations with families: personal implications].

PMID- 3848057
TI  - [Dynamics of nursing care: catheterization notebook care records...].

PMID- 3848058
TI  - [A migraine and headache club].

PMID- 3848059
TI  - [Nursing and quality of life].

PMID- 3848060
TI  - [Nutrition for the professional in nursing].

PMID- 3848061
TI  - [Hospital nurses and their health].

PMID- 3848062
TI  - [Postural prophylaxis in nursing care activities].

PMID- 3848063
TI  - [The professional nurse and the need for comfort, rest and sleep].

PMID- 3848064
TI  - [Safety and health in nursing work].

PMID- 3848066
TI  - [Image of the nurse in society].

PMID- 3848065
TI  - [Working environment and productivity of the nurse].

PMID- 3848067
TI  - [Relationship between professional deontology and legislation].

PMID- 3848068
TI  - [Venous insufficiency].

PMID- 3848069
TI  - [Anorexia nervosa and zinc].

PMID- 3848070
TI  - [Intra-arterial catheterization and monitoring in infants].

PMID- 3848072
TI  - [Professional identity?].

PMID- 3848071
TI  - [A nursing working experience in primary health care].

PMID- 3848073
TI  - [Venous ulcer? Arterial ulcer?].

PMID- 3848074
TI  - [Impressions from a study trip to London].

PMID- 3848075
TI  - [Ulcerative allergic dermatitis].

PMID- 3848076
TI  - [Prenatal control and detection of congenital malformations].

PMID- 3848077
TI  - [Psychological care and psychiatric care in nursing].

PMID- 3848078
TI  - [Repercussions at the individual and social level of hospital infections].

PMID- 3848079
TI  - Molding a staff that meets great expectations.

PMID- 3848080
TI  - Our patients deserve better i.v. locks.

PMID- 3848081
TI  - What happens if your hospital bills separately for nursing?

PMID- 3848082
TI  - Meeting the challenge of craniotomy care. Controlling ICP after craniotomy.

PMID- 3848083
TI  - RN master care plan. Helping the patient in shock.

PMID- 3848084
TI  - Don't just tell your patients--teach them.

PMID- 3848085
TI  - Pulverizing kidney stones: what you should know about lithotripsy.

PMID- 3848086
TI  - "You swallowed your what!".

PMID- 3848087
TI  - What to do after CPR. The drugs you'll use in a code.

PMID- 3848088
TI  - When the nurse is her own worst enemy.

PMID- 3848089
TI  - Nursing is still a proud profession.

PMID- 3848090
TI  - Hidden malnutrition in geriatric patients.

PMID- 3848091
TI  - A Southern accent on critical care.

PMID- 3848092
TI  - [Nursing care development as a result of research. How to develop, test and
      evaluate a new diet list for the subsequent introduction to the entire hospital].

PMID- 3848093
TI  - [Experimentation with a hydrocolloid in an occlusive bandage in the treatment of
      cutaneous decubitus ulcers "duoderm"].

PMID- 3848094
TI  - [Cortancyl (1)].

PMID- 3848095
TI  - [Cortancyl (2)].

PMID- 3848096
TI  - [Anatomopathology and physiology of chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 3848097
TI  - [Preventive treatment of chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 3848098
TI  - [The treatment of chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 3848099
TI  - [Report of a case: Mr. B.'s chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 3848100
TI  - [Dilatation of the bronchi].

PMID- 3848101
TI  - [Report of a case: Mr. P.'s dilatation of the bronchi...].

PMID- 3848102
TI  - [Etiology of chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 3848103
TI  - [Round table. Decubitus ulcers].

PMID- 3848105
TI  - [Clinical, paraclinical and evolutionary aspects of chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 3848104
TI  - [Hospital administrators, boards of directors. The distribution of
      responsibilities].

PMID- 3848106
TI  - [L-Dopa].

PMID- 3848107
TI  - [Gentalline].

PMID- 3848108
TI  - [Introducing a computer in a rehabilitation unit. Use and reflections].

PMID- 3848109
TI  - [Handwashing in a rehabilitation unit].

PMID- 3848110
TI  - [Being a nurse in a rehabilitation center for very young children].

PMID- 3848111
TI  - [The nurse in a center for rehabilitation and professional training].

PMID- 3848112
TI  - [Sexuality of the spinal cord injured patients: taking responsibility for oneself
      within the institution].

PMID- 3848113
TI  - [The night nurse in a rehabilitation unit. Reflections on night work].

PMID- 3848114
TI  - [The night nurse in a rehabilitation unit. Reflection of an experience].

PMID- 3848115
TI  - [The nurse in a unit for spinal cord injuries. Realization of educational
      support].

PMID- 3848117
TI  - [Part-time work in public hospitals].

PMID- 3848116
TI  - [Collective decisions in a group of nurses/nursing assistants in a rehabilitation
      unit].

PMID- 3848118
TI  - [What do we know about neuromuscular diseases?].

PMID- 3848119
TI  - [Ticlid].

PMID- 3848120
TI  - [Rifampicine (2), Rifadine, Rimactan].

PMID- 3848121
TI  - [Biologic study of blood platelets].

PMID- 3848122
TI  - [Thrombopenia].

PMID- 3848123
TI  - [Thrombocytosis].

PMID- 3848124
TI  - [Thrombopathies].

PMID- 3848125
TI  - [Birth, life and death of platelets].

PMID- 3848126
TI  - [Blood platelets and vascular thrombosis].

PMID- 3848127
TI  - [Platelet antiaggregants].

PMID- 3848128
TI  - [Management of thrombopenia].

PMID- 3848130
TI  - [Platelet function].

PMID- 3848129
TI  - [Centers of responsibility].

PMID- 3848131
TI  - [Isoptine].

PMID- 3848132
TI  - [Non-ruptured aneurysm of the sub-renal abdominal aorta in elderly patients].

PMID- 3848133
TI  - [A clinical case of sub-renal aortic aneurysm].

PMID- 3848134
TI  - [Care of aortic aneurysm in the pre- and post-operative period].

PMID- 3848135
TI  - [Monitoring and postoperative care in surgery of the abdominal aorta].

PMID- 3848136
TI  - [A case of ruptured aneurysm].

PMID- 3848137
TI  - [Sexual behavior in coronary patients].

PMID- 3848138
TI  - [Sub-renal aneurysm of the abdominal aorta without complications].

PMID- 3848139
TI  - [Nursing care. Recording an electrocardiogram].

PMID- 3848140
TI  - [Cardiologic problems seen in sports medicine].

PMID- 3848141
TI  - [Physical exertion and myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3848142
TI  - [Exercise test and cardiovascular aptitude for physical exertion].

PMID- 3848143
TI  - [Cardiac adaptation to effort].

PMID- 3848144
TI  - [Sudden death of coronary origin and sports (1)].

PMID- 3848145
TI  - [The nurse and sports medicine].

PMID- 3848146
TI  - [The nurse and sedentary life].

PMID- 3848147
TI  - [Intravenous thrombolysis in the acute phase of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3848148
TI  - [Evaluation of the aptitude for physical and sports activities].

PMID- 3848149
TI  - [Dermatologic care planning in tropical areas].

PMID- 3848150
TI  - [Malaria and other imported parasitic diseases in Mediterranean countries].

PMID- 3848151
TI  - [Tropical pathology. Dermatologic introduction].

PMID- 3848152
TI  - [Elementary lesions in dermatology in white skin and black skin].

PMID- 3848153
TI  - [Visceralgine].

PMID- 3848154
TI  - [Congenital hypothyroidism].

PMID- 3848155
TI  - [Treatment of congenital hypothyroidism].

PMID- 3848156
TI  - [Acquired hypothyroidism].

PMID- 3848157
TI  - [2 clinical cases of congenital hypothyroidism].

PMID- 3848158
TI  - [Development of the thyroid function in the human fetus].

PMID- 3848159
TI  - [Awakening of the young child and play].

PMID- 3848160
TI  - [Anxiety of women faced with the post partum period].

PMID- 3848161
TI  - [Organization of the detection of hypothyroidism].

PMID- 3848162
TI  - [Technics in the detection of congenital hypothyroidism and tests to be
      administered].

PMID- 3848163
TI  - [Parlodel].

PMID- 3848165
TI  - [Substitutes for cow's milk].

PMID- 3848164
TI  - [Substitutes for mother's milk].

PMID- 3848166
TI  - [Oral rehydration and feeding for infants with diarrhea].

PMID- 3848167
TI  - [Psychogenic aspects of abdominal pain in children].

PMID- 3848168
TI  - [Daily occupational health services: health and environment undertaking for
      improved working conditions].

PMID- 3848169
TI  - [With a Norwegian health team in North Lebanon].

PMID- 3848170
TI  - [Consumer action: patients' right to information].

PMID- 3848171
TI  - [Childbirth experiences. Report from Skedsmo--SiA Project].

PMID- 3848172
TI  - [Coffee, tea and cola drinks: are they harmful?].

PMID- 3848173
TI  - [After the national meeting: what next Aud Blankholm?. Interview by Bjorn Arild
      Ostby].

PMID- 3848174
TI  - [Serious illness or death in the family. How can we help the bereaved family].

PMID- 3848175
TI  - [District leader: right and duty to remain professionally up-to-date].

PMID- 3848176
TI  - [Finally school provisions for continental shelf nurses].

PMID- 3848177
TI  - [Should team nursing be rejected in favor of primary nursing?].

PMID- 3848178
TI  - [Nursing--occupation or profession?].

PMID- 3848179
TI  - [Professional competition over pregnancy management?].

PMID- 3848180
TI  - [Nursing care load in homes for the aged: every 5th home resident is a nursing
      home patient].

PMID- 3848181
TI  - [ADP in health services. Nurses must be willing to manage].

PMID- 3848182
TI  - [Midwifery services in Hol--a community which employs midwives].

PMID- 3848183
TI  - [Home nursing and their relatives].

PMID- 3848184
TI  - [Midwifery services in the community. Norwegian Nurses' Association's comments on
      the new legislation].

PMID- 3848185
TI  - [Cancer among nurses with special reference to exposure to anesthetic gases].

PMID- 3848186
TI  - [Norwegian Nurses' Association's National Meeting: 6-hour day with full
      compensation].

PMID- 3848187
TI  - [Do we have a remedy for or scruples about allowing this to happen?].

PMID- 3848189
TI  - [Management structure. Minister wants new type of leadership in the health
      sectors].

PMID- 3848188
TI  - [Continuing education. Nursing's basic subject must be formulated].

PMID- 3848190
TI  - [More contact with districts with a complete committee].

PMID- 3848192
TI  - [Patient's home shouldn't be a railaway station].

PMID- 3848191
TI  - [Handicapped. Hospital department for those who live in a world without sound].

PMID- 3848194
TI  - [Primary nursing--is it realistic for 1985?].

PMID- 3848193
TI  - [Politicians have well been able to find the nurses. Interview by Soren Palsbo].

PMID- 3848195
TI  - [Abuse of women. Nurses risk getting into a dilemma].

PMID- 3848196
TI  - [Abuse of women. The practicing physician. The entire family must be treated when
      abuse arises. Interview by Pia Kristensen].

PMID- 3848197
TI  - [Abuse of women. Personality of victims of abuse has to be rebuild].

PMID- 3848198
TI  - [Abuse of women. Police assistance to victims of abuse is inadequate. Interview
      by Pia Kristensen].

PMID- 3848199
TI  - [Abuse of women. Social workers. Possibilities to end an abusive relationship].

PMID- 3848200
TI  - [Abuse of women. Clergy. Women are secretly ashamed about abuse].

PMID- 3848201
TI  - [Nurses often have the first contact with victims of abuse].

PMID- 3848202
TI  - [Victim of abuse--abuse of wives. I was afraid he liked to have beaten me to
      death].

PMID- 3848203
TI  - [Abuse of wives. Important to create a trusting and reassuring contact].

PMID- 3848204
TI  - [Tax information for use with the 1984 income tax return].

PMID- 3848205
TI  - [Criticism--yes but with objective argumentation].

PMID- 3848206
TI  - [Emergency assistance. Great challenge to work with victims of drought].

PMID- 3848208
TI  - [Nursing home environment. A positive presentation--not a necessary evil].

PMID- 3848207
TI  - [Psychology: strengthening identity can mean improved team work].

PMID- 3848209
TI  - [Ambulance system. Special ambulances, new field of work for nurses].

PMID- 3848210
TI  - [Ambulance system. Nurse anesthetists save lives in advanced ambulance
      organization].

PMID- 3848211
TI  - [Where is physicians' learning in ethics and empathy?].

PMID- 3848212
TI  - [Resources. Co-involvement in care provides a lot of satisfaction].

PMID- 3848213
TI  - [Executive Board. Continuously engaged discussion on structures within the health
      system].

PMID- 3848214
TI  - [Nursing. The aged are capable of learning new things as well].

PMID- 3848215
TI  - [Health system. Unit nurses will mean improved resource utilization].

PMID- 3848216
TI  - Activation of factor B of the complement system by kallikrein and its light
      chain.
AB  - The cleavage of factor B, a protein of the alternative pathway of complement, by
      kallikrein was studied. Like factor D, kallikrein can cleave B to generate the
      alternative pathway C3 convertase C3bBb. When this convertase was formed on
      erythrocytes previously coated with C3b, lysis was observed indicating that a
      functionally active C3 convertase was formed. B was also cleaved by kallikrein in
      the presence of fluid phase C3b, and this resulted in B fragments comparable in
      size to those generated in the presence of D. The capacity of kallikrein to
      cleave B is localised in the light chain of the kallikrein molecule, which is the
      same chain of kallikrein that is responsible for its other enzymatic activities.
      Since on a molar basis D is much more active then kallikrein in cleaving B, a
      physiological role for B activation by kallikrein is only likely under certain
      conditions, and still has to be established.

PMID- 3848217
TI  - [(N)ever heard about a nursing theory?].

PMID- 3848218
TI  - [What does the medical scientific experiment mean for nurses?].

PMID- 3848219
TI  - [A closer look at internal budgeting].

PMID- 3848220
TI  - [The homeless and health care provisions. II. Health and nursing care needs of
      homeless men. Research data of one institution. The SIVIS].

PMID- 3848221
TI  - O.R. on the go.

PMID- 3848222
TI  - Learn the language of pediatric OR patients.

PMID- 3848223
TI  - The fight against time for life.

PMID- 3848224
TI  - Formulating the researchable question.

PMID- 3848225
TI  - Protection of human subjects.

PMID- 3848226
TI  - Perspective: field research in a neonatal intensive care unit.

PMID- 3848227
TI  - Health promotion: relevance for nursing.

PMID- 3848228
TI  - Research as a basis for changing nursing practice.

PMID- 3848229
TI  - Integrating research and clinical practice roles.

PMID- 3848230
TI  - Meeting education and practice objectives through clinical research
      collaboration: the nursing research parent project.

PMID- 3848232
TI  - Clinical nursing research--an interview with Pamela J. Brink, Florence S. Downs
      and Diane W. Scott.

PMID- 3848231
TI  - Interest, advocacy, cooperation: considerations for faculty researchers.

PMID- 3848233
TI  - [Treatment of gonorrhea with a single dose of pivampicillin and failure to cure].

PMID- 3848234
TI  - [Changes in the indicators of the kallikrein-kinin system and pressure in the
      lesser circulation in acute bronchopulmonary pathology].

PMID- 3848235
TI  - [Soot lung as occupational disease].
AB  - Lung findings among 13 workers employed in a carbon black plant are presented.
      The concentrations of respirable dust at the work place exceeded the MAC for dust
      free of quartz. X-rays show disseminated small irregular and large shadows with
      slow progress. In two cases lung tissue was examinated histologically. Both
      accumulation of carbon black and development of collagen fibers were seen.
      According to x-rays and histological findings the lung disease can be estimated
      as a pneumoconiosis. Legal recognition of carbon black lung as an occupational
      disease can be achieved in a special procedure called "Sonderentscheidverfahren".

PMID- 3848236
TI  - [Thus far no decision on SBL's (National Bacteriological Laboratory) future].

PMID- 3848237
TI  - [Laboratory assistant student reluctant to participate in animal experiments.
      Interview by Inger Lernevall].

PMID- 3848238
TI  - [AD (Work Tribunal) on time off for study: the employee decides herself how long
      the time off should be. Interview by Inger Lernevall].

PMID- 3848239
TI  - [After a new attack on nurse anesthetists, "we need respect for our professional
      competence"].

PMID- 3848240
TI  - [More educational possibilities to choose from for prospective nurses in the
      USA].

PMID- 3848241
TI  - [Computers help in making schedules. Interview by Viveka Holmertz].

PMID- 3848243
TI  - [She quit drinking coffee at night and immediately felt better. Interview by
      Viveka Holmertz].

PMID- 3848242
TI  - [Agreed that elucidation should be proposed: "Brain death" will be introduced in
      Sweden].

PMID- 3848244
TI  - [After AD (Work Tribunal)--verdict on parents' time off: the law must change
      now].

PMID- 3848245
TI  - [Greenham Common: women protest against atomic weapons].

PMID- 3848246
TI  - [Portrait: Maria Eriksson. Interview by Viveka Holmertz].

PMID- 3848247
TI  - [Employers want to prevent personnel from speaking to the news media].

PMID- 3848248
TI  - [County council management decentralized: now decisions will be made by local
      units].

PMID- 3848249
TI  - [Nurse who became psychotherapist and opened her own practice. Interview by Inger
      Lernevall].

PMID- 3848250
TI  - [He instructed district nurses at a distance].

PMID- 3848251
TI  - [More SHSTF-groups in future primary care. Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3848252
TI  - [Dawdling before closed wards can be opened again].

PMID- 3848253
TI  - [Working with experimental animals can cause allergy symptoms in laboratory
      assistants].

PMID- 3848254
TI  - [Midwifery society: general practitioners are decent enough--but not those in
      gynecology].

PMID- 3848255
TI  - [Best of all we managed the summer without substitutes!].

PMID- 3848256
TI  - [Stamping off before 1986 annual wage negotiations. "We cannot accept SHSTF to be
      unfair. Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3848257
TI  - [Peter Joxelius, former relief worker: we have much to learn from people in the
      Third World].

PMID- 3848258
TI  - [14000 refugees crowd into Beddawi. Need for health services is very great].

PMID- 3848259
TI  - [Why can't we refuse to share room with strangers?].

PMID- 3848260
TI  - [Ingvor wrote a book about her illness: what happens when the nurse becomes the
      patient?. Interview by Inger Lernevall].

PMID- 3848261
TI  - [Health care's future? A healthy people who don't have to go to the doctor?].

PMID- 3848262
TI  - [Court action in dialysis case: did she hit the alarm?].

PMID- 3848263
TI  - [Not only in Linkoping; risk of an accident is equally big in Uppsala].

PMID- 3848264
TI  - Treatment of men with oligoasthenozoospermia and asthenozoospermia with
      kallikrein.
AB  - A randomised group of 75 men with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia and
      asthenozoospermia were subjected to control study with kallikrein. Kallikrein was
      given to 45 men 600 units daily in a period of 3-6 months. The other group of 30
      infertile men was followed during the same period of time. Percentage of motile
      sperm was significantly improved after 3-6 months treatment with kallikrein.
      Sperm count and percentage of morphologically normal sperm showed improvement but
      was not statistically significant. Infertile men with sperm count below 20 X
      10(6)/ml had greater improvement in sperm count than men with sperm count over 20
      X 10(6)/ml. This study emphasizes that kallikrein is a relatively good drug for
      restoring sperm motility in idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia and
      asthenozoospermia.

PMID- 3848266
TI  - Beginning research.

PMID- 3848265
TI  - Preceptorship over three years, it really works! Part One.

PMID- 3848267
TI  - Doctors' orders: a base for nursing practice?

PMID- 3848268
TI  - Bridges to the future: international symposium on nursing use of computers and
      information science.

PMID- 3848269
TI  - [Transverse ectopia of the right testicle and tumor of the left testicle with
      immature uterus and fallopian tubes: report of a case].
AB  - A case of transverse ectopia of the right testicle and the left testicular tumor
      with the immature uterus and the fallopian tubes is reported. The patient, a 27
      year-old married man, was admitted to our hospital with the suspicion of left
      testicular tumor and right undescended testicle. In his left scrotum, a double
      hen-egg-sized tumor was palpable and the right scrotum was empty. Exploration of
      the left inguinal canal disclosed double testicles with hernia uteri inguinalis.
      The right testicle showed transverse ectopia, and the histological finding of the
      left testicle was choriocarcinoma. In our review of the Japanese literature, we
      discovered 67 reported cases of transverse testicular ectopia. 33 (49.3%) out of
      67 cases had a uterus and 9 cases (13.4%) had testicular tumor.

PMID- 3848271
TI  - A glimpse of health care in turbulent Nicaragua.

PMID- 3848270
TI  - Letting go.

PMID- 3848272
TI  - Evaluating post-anesthesia recovery.

PMID- 3848273
TI  - How do you interpret pulses?

PMID- 3848274
TI  - Demystifying care of patients with radioactive implants.

PMID- 3848275
TI  - Long-term venous access.

PMID- 3848276
TI  - Troubleshooting the venous access system.

PMID- 3848277
TI  - When is the time ripe for teaching?

PMID- 3848278
TI  - What do patients know about clinical trials?

PMID- 3848279
TI  - Show and tell. Preparing children for invasive procedures.

PMID- 3848280
TI  - Go for it!

PMID- 3848281
TI  - Ethical dilemmas confronting nurses.

PMID- 3848282
TI  - Nurses' views important on ethical decision team.

PMID- 3848284
TI  - Patient's right to decide is new value in health care.

PMID- 3848283
TI  - Care of severely impaired infant raises ethical issues.

PMID- 3848285
TI  - Truth essential for trust between nurse, patient.

PMID- 3848286
TI  - Ethics important in allocating health resources.

PMID- 3848287
TI  - What is nurse's role when adults forego treatment?

PMID- 3848288
TI  - Standards of child and adolescent psychiatric and mental health nursing practice.

PMID- 3848289
TI  - Common plasmid encoding resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin,
      and trimethoprim-sulfadiazine in two serotypes of Salmonella isolated during an
      outbreak of equine salmonellosis.
AB  - An outbreak of equine salmonellosis occurred at the Veterinary Medical Teaching
      Hospital, University of California, Davis, between June 1981 and March 1982.
      Forty-four horses were infected with Salmonella saint-paul, a serotype rarely
      isolated from animals at the university before the outbreak. Unlike the isolates
      of S saint-paul obtained at the beginning of the outbreak, almost all strains
      isolated near the end were resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol,
      gentamicin, kanamycin, sulfadiazine, trimethoprim, and trimethoprim-sulfadiazine.
      A conjugal-resistance plasmid (R-plasmid) was responsible for resistance to these
      antimicrobics. This R-plasmid was identical to an R-plasmid of S krefeld, a
      serotype that had been isolated repeatedly throughout the hospital before,
      during, and after the outbreak involving S saint-paul. This finding prompted the
      suggestion that in vivo transfer of the R-plasmid had occurred. Whether the donor
      organism was S krefeld is unknown.

PMID- 3848290
TI  - The prevention of elastase-induced emphysema in hamsters by the intratracheal
      administration of a synthetic elastase inhibitor bound to albumin microspheres.
AB  - The peptide, succinyl-alanyl-alanyl-prolyl-valine chloromethylketone (SPCK), a
      synthetic inhibitor of elastase, was covalently attached to human albumin
      microspheres (HAM) and administered intratracheally to hamsters 15 min and 8 h
      prior to the instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase. Pressure-volume
      relationships and histologic examination of excised lungs after 4 wk showed
      complete protection from emphysema when SPCK-HAM was administered either 15 min
      or 8 h before elastase exposure. Concurrent experiments with free SPCK showed
      that protection was achieved only if elastase was administered within 15 min
      after the instillation of SPCK. Extending this period to 8 h not only led to a
      failure of free SPCK to prevent emphysema but actually resulted in more extensive
      air-space enlargement. The prolonged effectiveness conferred by the attachment of
      SPCK to a biodegradable carrier should reduce the frequency with which it would
      have to be administered for the therapeutic intervention of emphysema and should
      minimize any toxic side reactions.

PMID- 3848291
TI  - Cathepsin activity in cholesteatoma.
AB  - Collagenolytic cathepsin, presumed to play an important role in bone destruction
      of cholesteatoma, was investigated in cholesteatoma epithelium, subepithelial
      granulation tissue, skin from the bony external auditory meatus and, temporal
      bone. The enzyme extracted from tissues was proven to be lysosomal cathepsin B by
      SDS gel electrophoresis in the use of human type I and type III collagen. alpha-N
      benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide HCl (BANA) was supposed to be specific for
      cathepsin B, and so BANA-hydrolase activity was measured as collagen-degrading
      cathepsin. The results showed that tissues had cathepsin B with its optimal pH
      6.0, and that cathepsin B activity revealed a significant increase in the
      subepithelial granulation tissue. A strong activity of acid phosphatase found in
      the subepithelial granulation tissue seems to reflect the existence of an active
      metabolism of substances in the granulation tissue. These findings suggest that
      collagen is resorbed in the subepithelial granulation tissue in the presence of
      cholesteatoma.

PMID- 3848292
TI  - Complement polymorphism in Colombia.
AB  - The polymorphism of complement component C3, BF and C4 was studied in an urban
      population of Bogota, Colombia and for C3 and BF, genetic heterogeneity was
      further examined among the five villages of the Colombian Andes. For both C3 and
      BF systems there is considerable variation of allele frequencies among the five
      villages and overall there is significant heterogeneity among the six population
      groups studied.

PMID- 3848293
TI  - Regulation of penicillin-binding protein activity: description of a methicillin
      inducible penicillin-binding protein in Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of two methicillin-resistant strains of
      Staphylococcus aureus (R2 and R1) were analyzed in cells grown in the absence and
      in the presence of methicillin. Under the former condition, strain R2 showed the
      typical PBP pattern of beta-lactam-susceptible strains, while strain R1 showed a
      markedly increased amount of PBP-3. Under the latter condition, on the other
      hand, a novel PBP (PBP-2a) located between PBP-2 and -3 was detected in strain
      R2, while strain R1 appeared to synthesize an even greater amount of PBP-3, in
      respect to untreated cells. Both R2 PBP-2a and R1 PBP-3 showed a very low
      affinity for methicillin, which was consistent with the MICs for the respective
      strains.

PMID- 3848295
TI  - Perioperative nursing research. Collaboration between clinical nurse and
      researcher.

PMID- 3848294
TI  - Occurrence of a beta-lactam-inducible penicillin-binding protein in methicillin
      resistant staphylococci.
AB  - The mechanism of methicillin resistance was investigated in methicillin-resistant
      staphylococci (MRS) and in variants which had lost methicillin resistance. Phase
      contrast microscopy showed that cells swelled at low concentrations of beta
      lactam antibiotics in both MRS and variants which had lost methicillin
      resistance. Cells of variants which had lost methicillin resistance were lysed
      easily when higher concentrations of antibiotic were used. In contrast, MRS cells
      remained swollen at even higher concentrations of antibiotics. Furthermore,
      bacterial growth was inhibited at antibiotic concentrations much lower than MICs
      for MRS. Examination of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in MRS revealed
      that a new PBP-2' (molecular weight, 74,000) was induced in large quantity by
      exposure to beta-lactams. PBP-2' was produced constitutively in variants of MRS
      which had lost a penicillinase plasmid. The induction of PBP-2' by beta-lactams
      was not detected in variants which had lost methicillin resistance. High
      concentrations of beta-lactam were required for saturation of PBP-2'. The optimum
      antibiotic concentration for the induction of PBP-2' varied with the beta-lactam
      used as the inducer, and PBP-2' was produced in a larger amount at 32 degrees C
      than at 37 degrees C. From these results, we suggest that the mechanism of
      methicillin resistance depends on the induction of PBP-2', which may function as
      a detour enzyme for PBP-2 or PBP-3 or may be a particular enzyme involved in
      peptidoglycan synthesis.

PMID- 3848296
TI  - Research projects. Obtaining AORN endorsement and funding.

PMID- 3848297
TI  - Critiquing research. Steps for complete evaluation of an article.

PMID- 3848298
TI  - Monitoring waste nitrous oxide. One medical center's experience.

PMID- 3848299
TI  - Cerebral occlusion. Extracranial-intracranial anastomosis.
AB  - Between 1967 and 1982, EC-IC anastomoses were performed on 143 patients with
      obstructive cerebrovascular lesions at our hospital. Bypasses were patent in 93%
      of these patients, which was verified by Doppler examination or by both Doppler
      exam and angiography. Half as many patients with a patent bypass experienced
      further cerebrovascular events, compared to the expected number if the problem
      was left untreated. Recovery from mild neurological deficits or completed stroke
      was observed in 23 patients. As clinical experience increases, it becomes clear
      that EC-IC anastomoses are an important and effective treatment for patients
      suffering from obstructive cerebrovascular disease.

PMID- 3848300
TI  - Behind closed doors. Enhancing the image of perioperative nursing.

PMID- 3848301
TI  - The effect of quality of life and sanctity of life on clinical decision making.

PMID- 3848302
TI  - Using a computer to coordinate staff and meet patients' needs.

PMID- 3848303
TI  - Protecting human subjects involved in research.

PMID- 3848304
TI  - The challenge for leaders is to help their employees succeed.

PMID- 3848305
TI  - Party planning ideas help in education program planning.

PMID- 3848306
TI  - Sabbaticals for nurses--more than a break from the routine.

PMID- 3848307
TI  - Can the RN first assistant be held liable for patient injury?
AB  - In summary, if an action of the RN first assistant causes a patient injury, both
      the primary surgeon and the RN first assistant could be liable. The primary
      surgeon could be liable for failure to see that the operation was performed with
      due care. At least one state appellate court has found that this is a
      nondelegable duty of the primary surgeon. The RN first assistant could be liable
      if the action that caused the patient injury was not in accordance with what a
      reasonable and prudent first assistant would have done. If first assisting is
      included within the scope of nursing practice by rule or statute in that state,
      the RN first assistant action could be measured against what an RN first
      assistant would have done, even though first assisting has traditionally been a
      physician's role. The fact that first assisting may be within the scope of
      nursing practice for some procedures and patient conditions does not mean the
      nurse should be allowed to assist on all procedures or in all patient conditions.
      The institution may have an independent duty to its patients to determine which
      patient procedures and conditions are appropriate for an RN first assistant.

PMID- 3848308
TI  - Intraoperative monitoring. The EEG monitor can be a window to the brain.

PMID- 3848309
TI  - C-sections in the delivery room. Orienting the staff.

PMID- 3848310
TI  - Single table OR instrument setup. Streamlining setups and costs.

PMID- 3848311
TI  - Learning how to manage. A management education series.

PMID- 3848312
TI  - Perioperative functions. Classification of knowledge and required skills.
AB  - The study results form a beginning framework from which values of resource
      appropriateness could be developed, which was the original intent of this study.
      An algorithm could be designed to score an individual's formal and informal
      training in specific skills as they relate to the O-Types identified. These
      results could be translated into resource appropriateness scores under each of
      the four factors. The results also provide a means for simplifying categories of
      the Operating Room Staffing Model and provide a beginning framework to assess
      resource appropriateness.

PMID- 3848313
TI  - Active vs passive euthanasia--where's the distinction?

PMID- 3848314
TI  - Every nurse must be a problem solver.

PMID- 3848315
TI  - Effect of glycerol on protein acetylation by acetic anhydride.
AB  - We investigated the basis for the previously unexplained stabilization of
      proteins by glycerol during reaction with acetic anhydride [S. Siegel and W. M.
      Award, Jr. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 3233-3240]. Model studies showed that
      glycerol competes successfully for acetylation against protein hydroxyl groups.
      In contrast, amino groups are much more potent nucleophiles and their acetylation
      is not apparently affected. Since alpha-amino and phenolic pKa's did not change
      significantly in increasing glycerol concentrations, these findings are ascribed
      to glycerol's lower pKa value as compared to water, leading to the decreased
      acetylation of tyrosine, threonine, and serine hydroxyl groups in Pronase
      guanidine-stable chymoelastase. An additional mechanism is important and
      predominates in the protection against inactivation of bovine delta-chymotrypsin
      during acetylation and is explained by the recently described basis for protein
      stabilization in glycerol [K. Gekko and S. N. Timasheff (1981) Biochemistry 20,
      4667-4676; 4677-4686]. Those studies demonstrated that glycerol increased the
      hydrophobicity of nonpolar residues, augmenting their tendency to be removed from
      protein surfaces. Therefore, the stabilization afforded by glycerol for
      chymotrypsin is attributed in part to a favoring of the native folded state which
      forces the side chains of isoleucine-16 and valine-17 to be buried, increasing
      the apparent pKa of the alpha-amino group of isoleucine-16 as it forms the charge
      pair with the beta-carboxyl group of aspartate-194. This conclusion was supported
      by stopped-flow analyses of the interaction of delta-chymotrypsin with proflavin
      in increasing concentrations of glycerol.

PMID- 3848316
TI  - Localization of cathepsin H and its inhibitor in the skin and other stratified
      epithelia.
AB  - The rat-skin-derived cysteine proteinase, so-called BANA-hydrolase, which is
      capable of hydrolysing benzoylarginine naphthylamide and leucine naphthylamide
      was shown to be immunologically identical to cathepsin H purified from rat liver.
      The enzyme was immunocytochemically localized in the basal cell layer of rat
      epidermis. A natural inhibitor of cathepsin H with a molecular weight of about
      13,000 was mainly localized in the keratinizing cell layers and showed only a
      weak reaction in the basal cells. Thus, cathepsin H appears to be a
      characteristic feature of the proliferating cell layer, whereas the cysteine
      proteinase inhibitor is a characteristic feature of keratinizing cells.

PMID- 3848317
TI  - Assuring informed choice: a literature review.

PMID- 3848318
TI  - Dialysis osteomalacia and aluminum toxicity: a form of renal osteodystrophy.

PMID- 3848319
TI  - "Normal" life--a goal for the child with chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3848320
TI  - A comparison of dextrose infusions in diabetic hemodialysis patients.

PMID- 3848321
TI  - Nephrology nursing consult: case study. Stabilizing catheters.

PMID- 3848323
TI  - How well does a nurse supervisor know her nurses? Before--and after 10 years.

PMID- 3848322
TI  - Psychodrama-one way of coping.

PMID- 3848324
TI  - Recognizing community needs.

PMID- 3848325
TI  - Linen use in incontinence: a pilot study.

PMID- 3848326
TI  - Identifying nursing realities.

PMID- 3848328
TI  - Migraine and its treatment. Part two.

PMID- 3848327
TI  - Age of consent and the sexual dilemma. Nurse & the law.

PMID- 3848329
TI  - Cytotoxicity-related alterations of selected cellular functions after in vitro
      vanadate exposure.
AB  - A bovine kidney cell line was used to monitor select cellular functions for
      toxicity-dependent alterations in an effort to examine the cellular response to
      vanadium insult. The vanadium concentrations utilized ranged between 20 and 500
      microM Na3VO4 (V) and elicited 15-60% cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity-related
      decreases in thymidine incorporation into DNA and leucine incorporation into
      protein were noted. Paradoxically, V-treated cultures exhibited increased protein
      and DNA content, suggestive of a decrease in precursor transport. K+-dependent
      phosphatase (KP), acid phosphatase (AP) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were
      monitored in surviving cells and in a cell-free system. Significant inhibitions
      were detected for KP and AP; SDH exhibited slight enhancement. In the cell-free
      system, KP was inhibited significantly at 10(-7) M V, while AP and SDH were
      either unchanged or sensitive only at concentrations of 10(-4) M V or greater.
      Measurement of reduced glutathione (GSH) in surviving cells revealed toxicity
      dependent increases of up to 500% of control values. When compared to the
      cellular V content, the GSH:V molar ratio decreased from 1.7 to 0.5 as cell
      survival decreased.

PMID- 3848330
TI  - Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, chymotrypsin A alpha, and
      porcine pancreatic elastase with substituted isobenzofuranones and
      benzopyrandiones.
AB  - Several 3-halo-3-(1-haloalkyl)-1(3H)-isobenzofuranones, 3-(1-haloalkylidene)
      1(3H)-isobenzofuranones, and 3-bromomethyl-1H-2-benzopyran-1-ones containing
      masked halo ketone functional groups were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of
      several serine proteases including human leukocyte (HL) elastase and cathepsin G.
      While many of the 3-halo-3-(1-haloalkyl)-1(3H)-isobenzofuranones were quite
      potent inhibitors of the enzymes tested, the alkylideneisobenzofuranones and
      benzopyran-1-ones inhibited poorly or not at all. The 3-halo-3-(1-haloalkyl)
      1(3H)-isobenzofuranones decomposed rapidly upon addition to buffer to give the
      corresponding 3-alkyl-1H-2-benzopyran-1,4(3H)-diones. The pure benzopyran-1,4
      diones were extremely potent inhibitors of HL elastase and chymotrypsin A alpha
      but did not inactivate porcine pancreatic elastase or cathepsin G. Enzymes
      inhibited by the isobenzofuranones and benzopyran-1,4-diones regained activity
      slowly upon standing or after dialysis (t1/2 = 5-16 h) and more rapidly in the
      presence of 0.5 M hydroxylamine, which indicated the presence of labile acyl
      moieties in the inhibited enzyme. These results are consistent with a scheme in
      which the active site serine of the protease reacts with the lactone carbonyl of
      these inhibitors to give a stable acyl enzyme and alkylation of another active
      site residue by the unmasked halo ketone functional group does not occur.

PMID- 3848331
TI  - Interdependence of mitochondrial ATP production and extramitochondrial ATP
      utilization in intact spermatozoa.
AB  - The dependence of both respiration and total activity of ATP-consuming reactions
      on the cellular adenine nucleotide pattern was investigated in intact bovine
      spermatozoa. ATP consumption was manipulated by inhibition with vanadate and
      activation with caffeine, leading to a decrease or increase in the rate of
      respiration up to 70% or 20%, respectively. Oligomycin blocked the respiration to
      the same extent as did vanadate, suggesting that the total extramitochondrial ATP
      consuming activity is vanadate-sensitive. The major part of ATP utilization must
      be linked to dynein ATPase, since inhibition of (Na+, K+) ATPase by ouabain
      showed only a small effect on respiration (-17%). Being a potent inhibitor of
      dynein ATPase, vanadate drastically reduced the amount of motile cells, whereas
      caffeine tended to increase the intensity of motion. The effects of vanadate or
      caffeine on respiration were paralleled by changes in cellular ATP, reflecting
      the response of mitochondrial respiration on the cellular ATP/ADP ratio.
      Respiration was found to depend on changes in the ATP/ADP ratio in the range from
      about 3 (+caffeine) to 9 (+vanadate). The range of response of ATP consumption to
      the ATP/ADP ratio was determined by varying the mitochondrial ATP production via
      the concentration of lactate which was used as substrate. The measured effects on
      both respiratory rate and ATP/ADP ratio suggested that ATP consumption was
      markedly dependent on ATP/ADP ratios below 5. It is concluded that lactate
      concentrations above 1 mM sufficiently supply bovine spermatozoa with substrate
      and the energy turnover is mainly limited by the activity of dynein ATPase rather
      than by the capacity of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.

PMID- 3848332
TI  - 2'(3')-O-L-Phenylalanyl derivatives of N2,5'-anhydroformycin and N4,5'
      anhydroformycin: new substrates for ribosomal peptidyltransferase with a fixed
      anti and syn conformation of the base.
AB  - The 2'(3')-O-L-phenylalanyl-N2,5'-anhydroformycin (1c) and 2'(3')-O-L
      phenylalanyl-N4,5'-anhydroformycin (2c), obtained by chemical synthesis, are
      substrates for ribosomal peptidyltransferase from Escherichia coli. Nucleoside
      1c, which mimics an anti conformation of antibiotic formycin, has 80% of the
      acceptor activity of puromycin at 5 x 10(-4) M determined by the release of N-Ac
      Phe residue from the 70 S ribosome-poly(U)-N-Ac-[14C]Phe-tRNA complex. The
      reaction product, 2'(3')-O-(N-acetyl)-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-N2,5'
      anhydroformyc in (1d), was characterized by paper electrophoresis before and
      after alkaline hydrolysis. By contrast, nucleoside 2c, which resembles a syn
      conformation of formycin, exhibited only 20% of the acceptor activity of
      puromycin at 5 x 10(-4) M. The results which are in accord with previous models
      have shown that a substrate with its base in an anti conformation is preferable
      for the acceptor site of peptidyltransferase than the corresponding syn
      counterpart. Nevertheless, it is possible that an intermediate conformation, for
      example, high anti (amphi-minus), is an optimal arrangement for acceptor site
      substrates.

PMID- 3848333
TI  - Normal hematological values of the African neonate.
AB  - A longitudinal study of normal hematological values of the newborn infant was
      undertaken in an effort to provide baseline data for assessing the African
      Neonate with hematological problems. There were 402 neonates, consisting of 304
      full-term, 51 preterm and 47 post-term infants. The Hematocrit (Hct), Hemoglobin
      (Hb), Red Blood Cell Count (RBC), Reticulocyte count (Retic) and Nucleated Red
      Blood Cell Count (NRBC) were serially determined. The red cell indices, Mean
      corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular volume (MCV) and Mean corpuscular
      Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) were calculated for each neonate. Our results
      showed that African neonates have lower hematological values than their North
      American and European counterparts. This was neither a reflection of an
      intrauterine anemia nor was it due to variables resulting from the timing of cord
      blood sampling. On the first day of life, the mean Hct was 45.4%; mean Hb was
      15.46 gm/dl; and the RBC was 4.02 X 10(6) cells/mm2. The Retics, NRBC and other
      red blood cell indices do not differ from those of neonates reported from other
      parts of the world. We suggest therefore that the low hematological values of the
      African neonate may be intrinsic.

PMID- 3848334
TI  - Inhibition by pesticides of prostaglandin formation in blood platelets.
AB  - Aggregation of human platelets was investigated after pre-incubation of platelet
      rich plasma with various pesticides of the carbamate type. Whereas N-methyl
      carbamates (insecticides) inhibited the arachidonic acid induced aggregation, N
      phenyl-carbamates (herbicides) had no effect. The influence of the different
      carbamates on aggregation coincided with their inhibition of thromboxane B2
      formation. - DDE, a metabolite of the insecticide DDT, affected aggregation to a
      similar extent as N-methyl-carbamates. DDT, however, had no inhibitory activity.

PMID- 3848335
TI  - Ferritin in erythrocytes and plasma of patients with iron overload.
AB  - Erythrocyte and plasma ferritin was followed in 13 patients with iron overload
      undergoing phlebotomies for at least 6 months in comparison with untreated
      patients and normal males. Plasma ferritin was widely scattered with an average
      of only twice the normal, whereas erythrocyte ferritin was highly elevated to
      about twelve times the normal (p less than 0.0001). - The time course of plasma
      and erythrocyte ferritin during phlebotomy therapy was analyzed in 3 patients
      with idiopathic hemochromatosis. Three stages were established: 1. plasma
      ferritin dropped gradually into the normal range while erythrocyte ferritin
      remained high, 2. appropriate phlebotomies maintained normal plasma ferritin and
      high erythrocyte ferritin, and indicated a monthly uptake of dietary iron of 150
      200 mg at a steady state, 3. at low plasma ferritin levels, erythrocyte ferritin
      was rapidly decreased by further intensive phlebotomy therapy. Based on the
      presumed net removal of iron, 1 microgram/l plasma ferritin was equivalent to 3-6
      mg of body iron and 1 microgram/l erythrocyte ferritin to somewhat less than 1 mg
      of body iron. - An elevated erythrocyte ferritin during phlebotomy therapy in
      iron overload not only depends on body iron stores like plasma ferritin but may
      also be regulated by the activity of erythropoiesis.

PMID- 3848337
TI  - Transferrin in isolated cells from rat duodenum and jejunum.
AB  - Mucosal transferrin was determined as transferrin-like immunoreactivity (TLIR) by
      means of a 2-site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Scraped-off mucosal tissue as
      well as isolated mucosal cells from the duodenum and jejunum of normal and iron
      deficient rats before and after a washing procedure were examined. In iron
      deficient rats there was about twice as much TLIR in scraped-off mucosal tissue
      as in the untreated animals. In the duodenum and jejunum of normal and iron
      deficient rats, TLIR contents of the isolated cells in the magnitude of 320-510
      ng/mg dry weight were found. Washing isolated cells three times in ice-cold
      Hank's solution resulted in a nearly tenfold decrease of TLIR content in all
      groups. In contrast the cells' RNA content remained unchanged.

PMID- 3848336
TI  - The effect of erythropoietin on the mature burst forming unit erythroid in mice.
AB  - The aim of the study was to further delineate the erythropoietin (Ep) dependence
      of the mature Burst Forming Unit-Erythroid - BFU-E(d4). Experiments were
      performed in normal and polycythemic CBA mice. BFU-E(d4) were determined by means
      of the methylcellulose culture technique. It was demonstrated that in plethoric
      mice the number of BFU-E(d4) is reduced from 9 000/femur and 30 000/spleen found
      in normal mice to less than 1 000/femur and 2 000/spleen on day 6 post-hypoxia.
      The number of BFU-E(d4) remained low both in the bone marrow and spleen in mice
      with posthypoxic polycythemia between days 6 and 11 post-hypoxia. When exogenous
      Ep was injected into the plethoric mice the number of BFU-E(d4) increased after
      24 h both in the bone marrow and spleen. In Ep stimulated polycythemic mice the
      CFU-E:BFU-E(d4) ratio did not achieve normal values, indicating that although Ep
      stimulation increased the number of BFU(d4), the number of CFU-E produced per BFU
      E(d4) was lower than in normal nonpolycythemic mice. The results obtained
      indicate that BFU-E(d4) population size depends on the effect of Ep on
      differentiation and proliferation of erythroid committed precursors.

PMID- 3848338
TI  - Fashioning the future. Nursing 2020.

PMID- 3848339
TI  - Camp nursing.

PMID- 3848340
TI  - The principle of justice.

PMID- 3848341
TI  - The competency question.

PMID- 3848342
TI  - The evolution of the Code for Nurses.

PMID- 3848343
TI  - Responding to the media.

PMID- 3848344
TI  - Refugee training program yields bicultural LVNs.

PMID- 3848345
TI  - An Apple a day: Rx for computer anxiety in nurse educators.

PMID- 3848346
TI  - Assessment of nurses' attitudes toward computerization.

PMID- 3848347
TI  - Trans splicing of mRNA precursors.
AB  - Using modified adenovirus and beta-globin transcription units, I constructed
      pairs of transcripts that contained mutually complementary sequences in their
      introns. Upon incubation of the annealed transcripts in a cell-free splicing
      system, an exon from one member of the dimeric complex was accurately spliced to
      an exon from the other. The occurrence of such intermolecular, or trans, splicing
      in vitro raises the possibility that some of the mRNAs in a cell acquire exons
      from more than one primary transcript.

PMID- 3848348
TI  - Trans splicing of mRNA precursors in vitro.
AB  - Two exon segments from two separate RNA molecules can be joined in a trans
      splicing process. In trans splicing reactions, an RNA molecule containing an
      exon, a 5' splice site, and adjacent intron sequences was mixed with an RNA
      molecule containing an exon, a 3' splice site, and adjacent intron sequences. The
      efficiency of trans splicing of these two RNAs increased if the two termini of
      the intervening sequences were paired in a short RNA duplex. However, trans
      splicing of two RNA molecules with no significant complementarity was also
      observed. These results strongly suggest that significant secondary structures
      within intervening sequences could affect the splicing of flanking exons.
      Similarly, RNAs that are complementary to segments within the intervening
      sequences could potentially regulate the selection of splice sites. Finally, some
      organisms might use trans splicing to distribute a single exon to many different
      mRNAs.

PMID- 3848349
TI  - [Career choice of students not selected for the generic degree program in nursing
      in the R.S.A].

PMID- 3848350
TI  - A child in need of care--Guillain Barre syndrome.

PMID- 3848351
TI  - [A study of nursing personnel shortage in Transvaal provincial hospitals, 1983].

PMID- 3848352
TI  - Orientation.

PMID- 3848353
TI  - Why not a nurse demographer?

PMID- 3848355
TI  - To breastfeed or not to breastfeed? That is the question.

PMID- 3848354
TI  - [Health education--two cultures].

PMID- 3848356
TI  - [A futuristic observation].

PMID- 3848357
TI  - Caring about care-givers: a study of child care workers in Cape Town.

PMID- 3848358
TI  - The nursing student at the University of South Africa.

PMID- 3848359
TI  - [Computers in nursing. 3. Level of care and cost-effective service delivery using
      an computerized patient classification system].

PMID- 3848360
TI  - Singapore--the nursing scene.

PMID- 3848361
TI  - Graduate education viewed as a crisis.

PMID- 3848362
TI  - Tennessee right to natural death act "living will".

PMID- 3848364
TI  - Storage volume of computer tomography images can be reduced by a factor of five.
AB  - The object of this study is the data compression of CT scans of the brain. A
      circle is first established which contains all pixels inside the head while
      minimizing the insignificant area, after which the portion outside the circle so
      obtained is eliminated. The data are then truncated at CT values of +/- 127 and
      the differences of two consecutive pixel values are converted into variable
      length codes. The coding algorithms employed are the well-known Huffman code and
      our packet coding, both of which achieved a data compression ratio of 20%.

PMID- 3848363
TI  - A new parametric frequency-wavenumber spectrum estimation algorithm and its
      application to the analysis of 3-dimensional epicardial ECG signals.
AB  - This paper presents a 3-dimensional (3-D) frequency-wavenumber spectrum
      estimation (FWSE) approach to the analysis of ECG signals. This approach treats
      the data as 'wavefronts plus noise' and provides a means of estimating key
      parameters associated with propagating wavefronts. A high resolution technique
      based on minimum variance representations of 3-D data fields (3-D CLS technique)
      is employed to obtain the FWSE. Computer simulation results that demonstrate the
      high resolution property of the technique when compared with the maximum
      likelihood method of Capon are presented. Results of application of the technique
      to epicardial ECG data collected from a sensor array are also presented and
      discussed.

PMID- 3848365
TI  - A microcomputer-based system for real-time calculation of airway conductance in
      awake guinea pigs.
AB  - Bronchial responsiveness to various drug stimuli is currently studied by
      constructing cumulative dose-response curves of specific respiratory conductance
      (SG). Airway conductance can be measured in guinea pigs by the plethysmographic
      technique, during the rapid transition from expiration to inspiration (TEI).
      Since the drug action assigns a strict timing to the experiment, conventional
      methods of measuring SG prove inconvenient and often lack accuracy. A
      computerized data acquisition system has therefore been developed to recognize
      TEI and calculate SG in real time. This paper describes the significant features
      of the program DOREMI, and gives an illustrative example of the system in use.

PMID- 3848366
TI  - Microcomputer analysis and management of residency training experiences.

PMID- 3848367
TI  - PCS System I: point counting stereology programs for cell biology.
AB  - PCS System I (PCS) is a set of four software modules designed to simplify the
      application of stereology to problems in cell biology. It is written in BASIC for
      the Tektronix 4052A microcomputer (Beaverton, OR). A Counting Module collects raw
      data counts in either a Density Mode (points, intersections, transections,
      profiles) or a Boundary Mode (intersections with complete nuclear profiles). This
      information is stored on tape or disk data files and can also be printed. Three
      analysis modules use data files created with the Counting Module. The Density
      Module uses Density Mode data files to calculate volume, surface, length, and
      numerical densities. The B Numerical Density Module uses both Boundary Mode and
      Density Mode data to calculate the means for the boundary, diameter, and surface
      area of a nuclear compartment. The mean nuclear surface area is then used with
      the nuclear surface density to estimate the nuclear numerical density, which, in
      turn, is used to calculate surface areas of membrane compartments in average
      cells and in 10(6) cells. The Format Module reformats raw data files for analysis
      with Tektronix statistical software.

PMID- 3848368
TI  - Statistical analysis of cell directions in applied current experiments.
AB  - A program has been developed to analyze cell directions sampled during the course
      of experiments in which uniform electrical currents are passed over cells grown
      in tissue culture. The program can test data sets for statistically significant
      orientation, i.e. clustering about a certain mean angle, and can also perform a
      pairs test between two data sets to determine whether there is a significant
      difference in orientation between them.

PMID- 3848370
TI  - Trouble-free travel.

PMID- 3848369
TI  - GFREG: a computer program for maximum likelihood regression using the Generalized
      F distribution.
AB  - A FORTRAN program is described for maximum likelihood estimation within the
      Generalized F family of distributions. It can be used to estimate regression
      parameters in a log-linear model for censored survival times with covariates, for
      which the error distribution may have a great variety of shapes, including most
      distributions of current use in biostatistics. The optimization is performed by
      an algorithm based on the generalized reduced gradient method. A stepwise
      variable search algorithm for covariate selection is included in the program.
      Output features include: model selection criteria, standard errors of parameter
      estimates, quantile and survival rates with their standard errors, residuals and
      several plots. An example based on data from Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto,
      is discussed to illustrate the program's capabilities.

PMID- 3848371
TI  - Stoma care: special babies.

PMID- 3848372
TI  - Health visiting: from Batley to Alipor.

PMID- 3848373
TI  - Nurse profile.

PMID- 3848374
TI  - A day in the life of Joyce Millikin visiting nurse.

PMID- 3848375
TI  - Enzymes in organic synthesis.

PMID- 3848376
TI  - Extending the applicability of esterases of low enantioselectivity in asymmetric
      synthesis.
AB  - A strategy for expanding the applicability of esterases of low enantioselectivity
      for asymmetric synthesis is described. This concept is generally applicable to
      biochemical processes involving enantiotopic group differentiation. Quantitative
      expressions have been derived to permit the prediction of enantiomeric excess and
      the optimization of optical and chemical yields.

PMID- 3848377
TI  - Microbial transformations of some monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids.
AB  - The absolute configurations of fragrances, flavours and drugs are often important
      for their special properties. The growing interest of organic chemists in chiral
      synthons has stimulated work on biotransformations, for which readily available
      and inexpensive compounds can be used as substrates. Microbial transformations of
      1-menthenes like gamma-terpinene, alpha-terpinene, limonene and alpha
      phellandrene give the corresponding 1,2-trans-diols with high stereospecificity.
      Because of the volatility and toxicity of these substrates, and their low
      solubility in aqueous solutions, a special fermentation technique has been
      developed in which the terpenes are fed continuously to extended cultures of
      Corynespora cassiicola or Diplodia gossypina. (4R)-Limonene is transformed by
      Gibberella cyanea to (1S,2S,4R)-p-menth-8-en-1,2-diol, but 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl
      limonene yields a 6-monohydroxylated product and a 6,10-dihydroxylated product
      with a 6-hydroxy-8,10-epoxy structure as the main metabolite. Vicinal diols are
      also formed from aliphatic terpenes, by reaction at the terminal isoprenoid
      groups. Some oxirane structures are found as intermediates. Acyclic
      sesquiterpenes often form complex mixtures when they are metabolized further. The
      products of the transformation of trans-nerolidol by several fungi are given as
      examples. Cyclic sesquiterpenes, with less flexible structures, are oxidized more
      specifically. Whereas longifolene is a very poor substrate for Corynespora
      cassiicola, isolongifolene is always hydroxylated at one of the methyl groups
      attached to C-7. The 14- or 15-hydroxy compounds are further oxidized, very fast,
      in the 3 position or 4 position.

PMID- 3848378
TI  - Synthesis of tetrahydrofolate derivatives.

PMID- 3848379
TI  - Immobilized enzymes in organic synthesis.
AB  - The immobilization of enzymes and cells by different methods and the possible
      stabilization of immobilized preparations are discussed. An outlook on 'second
      generation enzyme technology', which involves immobilized multi-enzyme systems
      and coenzymes, is given with examples: the immobilization of dehydrogenases with
      their active sites facing one another, and systems containing NAD(H) coenzymes
      immobilized by coupling to dextran (in an enzyme electrode), to polyethylene
      glycol (in a membrane reactor), or to enzymes themselves. The use of immobilized
      enzymes to synthesize peptides and disaccharides is described.

PMID- 3848380
TI  - Enzymic synthesis of 5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene.

PMID- 3848381
TI  - Applications of cell-free enzymes in organic synthesis.
AB  - Enzymes are a potentially useful addition to the group of catalysts used in
      practical organic synthesis for the preparation of biologically relevant
      substances. This paper outlines certain of the problems still limiting the use of
      enzymic catalysts, and illustrates successful applications to the synthesis of
      complex molecules: phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and
      lactosamine. Certain problems peculiar to enzymic catalysis--product inhibition
      and specific activity--are discussed.

PMID- 3848382
TI  - Ineffective airway clearance: physiology and clinical application.

PMID- 3848383
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura.

PMID- 3848384
TI  - Preventing complications for the toxic shock syndrome patient.

PMID- 3848385
TI  - Using a microcomputer for intravenous drug protocols.

PMID- 3848386
TI  - Reducing conflicting information: developing a nurse-physician liaison pair.

PMID- 3848387
TI  - Organizing an in-house critical care course.

PMID- 3848388
TI  - How to prepare self-instructional programs for critical care staff education.

PMID- 3848389
TI  - The cephalosporins.

PMID- 3848390
TI  - Infant bronchopulmonary dysplasia: crisis and chronicity.

PMID- 3848391
TI  - Promoting the professional practice of nursing at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center.

PMID- 3848393
TI  - Profile of nursing Harbor-UCLA Medical Center.

PMID- 3848392
TI  - Quality assurance in nursing.

PMID- 3848394
TI  - A regional Perinatal Health System for the West Area of Los Angeles County Health
      Services.

PMID- 3848395
TI  - Antepartum testing.

PMID- 3848396
TI  - Physiologic jaundice in the newborn: can early feedings reduce the incidence?

PMID- 3848397
TI  - Multiple sclerosis: an overview and a patient's perspective.

PMID- 3848398
TI  - Teamwork for Tammy.

PMID- 3848399
TI  - Genes for the alpha and gamma subunits of mouse nerve growth factor are
      contiguous.
AB  - Here we describe the structure and linkage of genes encoding the alpha and gamma
      subunits of mouse nerve growth factor (NGF). These genes are members of the
      highly homologous glandular kallikrein multigene family. Together with the beta
      subunit, the alpha and gamma proteins constitute the high mol. wt. (7S) form of
      NGF isolated from mouse submandibular gland. The gamma subunit is an active
      serine protease and is thought to cleave pro-beta-NGF to generate the mature
      growth factor. The alpha subunit has no detectable proteolytic activity, but is
      essential for the stable formation of 7S NGF. Lack of enzyme activity of the
      alpha subunit can be attributed, at least in part, to the deletion of 15
      nucleotides in a highly conserved coding region which is normally involved in the
      activation of serine proteases from their inactive zymogen form.

PMID- 3848400
TI  - Evidence for coiled-coil alpha-helical regions in the long arm of laminin.
AB  - Three new laminin fragments, E8, E9 and 25K with mol. wt. 50 000-280 000, were
      prepared from a limited elastase digest of laminin and from tissue extracts. They
      were similar with respect to their rod-like structure, a high alpha-helix
      content, the assembly from two chain segments and immunological cross-reactivity.
      Two of the fragments (E8 and E9) possess in addition globular domains which lack
      alpha-helices. Chemical, immunological and physical data together with sequence
      analysis strongly indicate that the alpha-helical segments are assembled in
      coiled-coil structures which are located in the rod of the long arm of laminin.
      These data give new insights into the overall structure of the protein.

PMID- 3848401
TI  - Activation of a cellular tyrosine-specific protein kinase by phosphorylation.
AB  - A tyrosine-specific protein kinase of Mr 56 000 was purified over 200-fold from
      rat spleen. Incubation of this kinase preparation with ATP and Mg2+ results in
      about 10-fold increase in the protein kinase activity. The activation of the
      kinase was unaffected in the presence of soybean trypsin inhibitor.
      Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the enzyme preparation after
      phosphorylation with ATP showed one phosphoprotein band of Mr 56 000. During
      purification of this kinase a large decrease in enzyme activity was observed
      which could be prevented by adding 10 microM vanadate, as inhibitor of tyrosine
      specific protein phosphatases. These results suggest that the activation of the
      protein kinase by ATP is due to phosphorylation of the enzyme.

PMID- 3848402
TI  - Frontier School and Case Western Reserve University join in affiliation to
      advance nursing education.

PMID- 3848403
TI  - Diony Young exhorts graduates to stress "high-touch" and caring in nursing
      practice.

PMID- 3848404
TI  - The FNS Medical Directives--the historical innovation that has assured the best
      in rural health care.

PMID- 3848405
TI  - Another family with a silent allele of properdin factor B polymorphism (BF QO).
AB  - In five of eight members of a three generation family the existence of a silent
      allele of the properdin factor B polymorphism (BF QO) was indicated by
      immunofixation of BF electrophoretic variants and by the hemolytic overlay after
      isoelectric focusing of BF allotypes. This was further supported by the results
      of HLA-A, B, C, DR, C2, C4A, C4B, GLO-typing. BF protein was decreased in all
      heterozygous BF deficient family members. The absolute hemolytic activity,
      however, was obviously compensated for by an increased relative functional
      activity of the normal S or F alleles on the other chromosome.

PMID- 3848406
TI  - Stool culture as a diagnostic aid for intestinal amoebiasis.

PMID- 3848407
TI  - Usefulness of serological markers of viral hepatitis.

PMID- 3848408
TI  - Utility of culture technique for both faeces and biopsy material for the
      diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica.

PMID- 3848409
TI  - Comparison of endoscopic and histological features of duodenitis.

PMID- 3848411
TI  - Alcoholic liver disease in Punjab.

PMID- 3848410
TI  - Solubilization of rat intestinal microvillus membranes with sodium dodecyl
      sulphate: changes in kinetic properties of alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 3848412
TI  - Primary neoplasms of the small bowel.

PMID- 3848413
TI  - Fulminant hepatic failure and artificial liver support.

PMID- 3848414
TI  - Extrahepatic choledochal obstruction in carcinoma cervix.

PMID- 3848415
TI  - Heparin and lieno-renal shunt patency.

PMID- 3848416
TI  - Spontaneous disappearance of gastric polyps.

PMID- 3848417
TI  - Triclosan: Safe or unsafe?

PMID- 3848418
TI  - Hepatitis B surface antigen testing.

PMID- 3848419
TI  - Prolonged hospital epidemic of salmonellosis: use of trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole for control.
AB  - The occurrence of a foodborne outbreak of Salmonella drypool, an uncommon
      serotype, led to the recognition of hospital-acquired cases occurring over a 5
      year period. In late 1981, a catered luncheon resulted in an epidemic of S.
      drypool, and in retrospect, cases were found to have been occurring in hospital
      patients from 1977 until 1981. Over the next 4 months, patients, employees, and
      50% of the kitchen workers became infected, despite repeated culture surveys of
      the staff and removal of all infected workers. Food and environmental cultures
      failed to reveal the source of infection, but infected workers were observed to
      have multiple negative cultures over several months and then to become positive
      again. Closing of the kitchen for 2 weeks failed to stop the epidemic. Finally,
      all kitchen employees, both infected and uninfected, were treated with
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 2 weeks. After treatment, no new kitchen
      workers became infected, although two workers who had had positive cultures
      earlier in the epidemic began to excrete S. drypool again, and the epidemic
      ended.

PMID- 3848420
TI  - Hospital usage of parenteral antimicrobial agents: a gradated utilization review
      and cost containment program.
AB  - Forty percent to 60% of antimicrobial agents administered in hospitals without
      effective antimicrobial review and control programs are not needed. Excessive use
      of antimicrobial agents in the hospital promotes colonization of patients with
      resistant organisms, needlessly exposes them to the risk of an adverse drug
      reaction, and increases the cost of care. A gradated antimicrobial utilization
      review program is presented that determines hospital usage, develops guidelines
      for appropriate cost-effective drug administration, provides several options for
      implementation, and monitors outcome so that measures can be modified for
      specific situations. The techniques used are basic epidemiologic measures
      currently used to assess hospital infections.

PMID- 3848421
TI  - Bedside resuscitation bags: a source of bacterial contamination.
AB  - Resuscitation bags at the bedside of 12 intubated ICU patients with known culture
      positive sputum were evaluated as possible reservoirs of pathogenic bacteria. As
      oxygen was constantly flowing into the bags, sampling of gas continuously emitted
      from the exhalation valve assembly was sampled to detect if a bacteria-laden
      aerosol was being created. Positive cultures were obtained from 75% of the valves
      and 25% of the aerosol samples. In those patients with gram-negative bacteria in
      their sputum, 71% of the valves and 29% of the gas samples were positive for the
      same organisms. Various methods to control this possible contributing factor to
      nosocomial infection in the ICU are discussed.

PMID- 3848422
TI  - How frequent are outbreaks of nosocomial infection in community hospitals?
AB  - A statistical algorithm was used to identify potentially important clusters among
      nosocomial infections reported each month by 7 community hospitals. Epidemiologic
      review and on-site investigations distinguished outbreaks of clinical disease
      from factitious clusters. In 1 year, 8 outbreaks were confirmed. They involved 82
      patients--approximately 2% of patients with nosocomial infections and 0.09% of
      all discharges. One true outbreak occurred for every 12,000 discharges--at least
      1 outbreak per year for the average community hospital. Five (63%) outbreaks were
      recognized independently by the hospitals' infection control personnel. Four
      (50%) resolved spontaneously; the hospitals' own control measures were necessary
      in 2; and 2 resolved only after an outside investigation. Organized surveillance
      appears necessary to detect some outbreaks, and control measures are needed to
      stop many. Since, however, outbreaks account for such a small proportion of
      nosocomial infections, infection control programs should be sufficiently staffed
      and managed so that most of the effort is directed toward the surveillance and
      control of endemic infection problems, but with adequate resources remaining to
      respond to outbreaks when they occur.

PMID- 3848423
TI  - 70% alcohol disinfection of transducer heads: experimental trials.
AB  - We investigated the feasibility of transducer head disinfection with 70% alcohol
      wipes. In the initial trial, nine gas-sterilized transducers were inoculated with
      an estimated 5 X 10(6) organisms of a clinical isolate of Enterobacter cloacae,
      mimicking a contaminated fluid couple. A sterile disposable transducer dome was
      attached to each transducer. The units were allowed to sit for 24 hours at room
      temperature; the domes were then removed. Three transducer heads were cultured
      prior to disinfection to ensure that viable organisms remained. Each transducer
      head was wiped clean with a single alcohol wipe, allowed to dry, and then
      cultured. All nine cultures showed growth of E. cloacae. A second series of
      trials with 54 transducers employed an identical protocol, except that each
      transducer head received not one, but two, applications of alcohol. In addition
      to E. cloacae (26 runs), Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
      Candida albicans were employed in nine, nine and ten runs, respectively. Cultures
      of 53 of 54 transducer heads showed no growth; the single positive culture was
      attributed to an error in technique. These preliminary results suggest that the
      double-alcohol-wipe technique may be an easy, cost-effective, alternative or
      supplemental method of transducer head disinfection. However, we do not advocate
      routine implementation of this technique in patient care settings until clinical
      trials confirm its safety and efficacy.

PMID- 3848424
TI  - False positive PPD reactions.

PMID- 3848425
TI  - Amphotericin--how safe and effective?

PMID- 3848426
TI  - Chronic respiratory patients: a new challenge for home health nursing.

PMID- 3848427
TI  - Coping with life on a portable ventilator.

PMID- 3848428
TI  - Respiratory home care from the DME point of view.

PMID- 3848429
TI  - An emphysema client: self care.

PMID- 3848430
TI  - Relying on the "living will" in home health care.

PMID- 3848431
TI  - Legislation and you. Developing a plan of strategy.

PMID- 3848432
TI  - Purification and characterization of an endonuclease from Xenopus laevis ovaries
      which accurately processes the 3' terminus of human pre-tRNA-Met(i) (3' pre
      tRNase).
AB  - We have previously reported that the primary transcript of the human tRNAMeti
      gene undergoes accurate processing to a mature 72-nucleotide species by
      activities present in the high speed supernatant of Xenopus laevis ovarian
      extracts (Zasloff, M., Santos, T., Romeo, P., and Rosenberg, M. (1982a) J. Biol.
      Chem. 257, 7857-7863). We now report the purification and characterization of the
      enzyme which processes the 3' terminus of the human pre-tRNAMeti species. The
      activity has been purified about 500-fold from a high speed supernatant of X.
      laevis ovarian extracts by standard methods. It appears to function as a single
      polypeptide with a molecular weight of about 97,400. The enzyme generates the
      mature 3' terminus with a single endonucleolytic cut, also yielding the intact 3'
      trailer. The endonuclease has a striking preference for the 5' processed pre
      tRNAMeti, exhibiting little or no activity in vitro on the intact primary
      transcript. The enzyme acts similarly with the pre-tRNAAla species of Bombyx
      mori, suggesting that it possesses a broad substrate range. The requirement of
      the 3' processing endonuclease for a processed 5' terminus suggests that
      eukaryotic pre-tRNA processing should follow an ordered cutting sequence in vivo
      with processing of the 5' leader preceding 3' end maturation.

PMID- 3848433
TI  - Differences in the sites of phosphorylation of the insulin receptor in vivo and
      in vitro.
AB  - Phosphorylation of the insulin receptor was studied in intact well differentiated
      hepatoma cells (Fao) and in a solubilized and partially purified receptor
      preparation obtained from these cells by affinity chromatography on wheat germ
      agglutinin agarose. Tryptic peptides containing the phosphorylation sites of the
      beta-subunit of the insulin receptor were analyzed by reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography. Phosphoamino acid content of these peptides
      was determined by acid hydrolysis and high voltage electrophoresis. Separation of
      the phosphopeptides from unstimulated Fao cells revealed one major and two minor
      phosphoserine-containing peptides and a single minor phosphothreonine-containing
      peptide. Insulin (10(-7) M) increased the phosphorylation of the beta-subunit of
      the insulin receptor 3- to 4-fold in the intact Fao cell. After insulin
      stimulation, two phosphotyrosine-containing peptides were identified. Tyrosine
      phosphorylation reached a steady state within 20 s after the addition of insulin
      and remained nearly constant for 1 h. Under our experimental conditions, no
      significant change in the amount of [32P]phosphoserine or [32P]phosphothreonine
      associated with the beta-subunit was found during the initial response of cells
      to insulin. When the insulin receptor was extracted from the Fao cells and
      incubated in vitro with [gamma-32P]ATP and Mn2+, very little phosphorylation
      occurred in the absence of insulin. In this preparation, insulin rapidly
      stimulated autophosphorylation of the receptor on tyrosine residues only and high
      performance liquid chromatography analysis of the beta-subunit digested with
      trypsin revealed one minor and two major phosphopeptides. The elution position of
      the minor peptide corresponded to that of the major phosphotyrosine-containing
      peptide obtained from the beta-subunit of the insulin-stimulated receptor labeled
      in vivo. In contrast, the elution position of one of the major phosphopeptides
      that occurred during in vitro phosphorylation corresponded to the minor
      phosphotyrosine-containing peptide phosphorylated in vivo. The other major in
      vitro phosphotyrosine-containing peptide was not detected in vivo. Our results
      indicate that: tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor occurs rapidly
      following insulin binding to intact cells; the level of tyrosine phosphorylation
      remains constant for up to 1 h; the specificity of the receptor kinase or
      accessibility of the phosphorylation sites are different in vivo and in
      vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3848434
TI  - Evidence that the primary effect of phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation
      factor 2(alpha) in rabbit reticulocyte lysate is inhibition of the release of
      eukaryotic initiation factor-2.GDP from 60 S ribosomal subunits.
AB  - The phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 2 alpha that occurs
      when rabbit reticulocyte lysate is incubated in the absence of hemin or with
      poly(I.C) causes inhibition of polypeptide chain initiation by preventing a
      separate factor (termed RF) from promoting the exchange of GTP for GDP on eIF-2.
      When lysate was incubated in the presence of hemin and [14C] eIF-2 or [alpha
      32P]GTP, we observed binding of eIF-2 and GDP or GTP to 60 S ribosomal subunits
      that was slightly greater than that bound to 40 S subunits and little binding to
      80 S ribosomes. When incubation was in the absence of hemin or in the presence of
      hemin plus 0.1 microgram/ml poly(I.C), eIF-2 and GDP binding to 60 S subunits was
      increased 1.5- to 2-fold, that bound to 80 S ribosomes was almost as great as
      that bound to 60 S subunits, and that bound to 40 S subunits was unchanged. Our
      data indicate that about 40% of the eIF-2 that becomes bound to 60 S subunits and
      80 S ribosomes in the absence of hemin or with poly(I.C) is eIF-2(alpha-P) and
      suggest that the eIF-2 and GDP bound is probably in the form of a binary complex.
      The accumulation of eIF-2.GDP on 60 S subunits occurs before binding of Met-tRNAf
      to 40 S subunits becomes reduced and before protein synthesis becomes inhibited.
      The rate of turnover of GDP (presumably eIF-2.GDP) on 60 S subunits and 80 S
      ribosomes in the absence of hemin is reduced to less than 10% the control rate,
      because the dissociation of eIF-2.GDP is inhibited. Additional RF increases the
      turnover of eIF-2.GDP on 60 S subunits and 80 S ribosomes to near the control
      rate by promoting dissociation of eIF-2.GDP but not eIF-2(alpha-P).GDP. Our
      findings suggest that eIF-2.GTP binding to and eIF-2.GDP release from 60 S
      subunits may normally occur and serve to promote subunit joining. The
      phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha inhibits polypeptide chain initiation by
      preventing dissociation of eIF-2.GDP from either free 60 S subunits (thus
      inhibiting subunit joining directly) or the 60 S subunit component of an 80 S
      initiation complex (thereby blocking elongation and resulting in the dissociation
      of the 80 S complex).

PMID- 3848435
TI  - Covalent modification of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase with phenylalanine during
      the amino acid activation reaction catalyzed by the enzyme.
AB  - Yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PRS) is shown to undergo autoaminoacylation
      with phenylalanine under in vitro amino acid activation conditions. Phenylalanyl
      adenylate enzyme complex yields a covalent phenylalanyl isopeptide exclusively
      with the beta subunit of the alpha 2 beta 2 enzyme. Contrary to previously
      reported cases of autoaminoacylation of aspartyl-tRNA synthetase and tryptophanyl
      tRNA synthetase, the autoaminoacylation of PRS occurs under a specific set of
      conditions and results in the identification of only one labeled tryptic peptide
      on two types of high pressure liquid chromatography columns. The ability of PRS
      to undergo this covalent modification directly correlates with its ability to
      catalyze the synthesis of diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate from enzyme
      bound phenylalanyl adenylate. Both reactions require the presence of low levels
      of zinc or cadmium and are inhibited by tRNAPhe or by low levels of low molecular
      weight thiols. Since diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate synthesis is known
      to be catalyzed in vivo in response to oxidation stress, it is also likely that
      the autoaminoacylation of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase may occur in vivo under a
      similar set of conditions. These reactions are thus not simply the result of
      accumulation of phenylalanyl adenylate and probably reflect conformational
      changes in the protein which are brought about by its interaction with zinc or
      cadmium.

PMID- 3848437
TI  - The risk of hepatitis B in ET nurses.

PMID- 3848436
TI  - Fast axonal transport of foreign synaptic vesicles in squid axoplasm.
AB  - Translocation of intracellular organelles requires interaction with the cellular
      cytoskeleton, but the membrane and cytoskeletal proteins involved in movement are
      unknown. Here we show that highly purified synaptic vesicles from electric fish
      added to extruded squid axoplasm can show ATP-dependent movement. The movement is
      indistinguishable from that of endogenous vesicles and has a slight preference
      for the orthograde direction. In the presence of a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog,
      the synaptic vesicles bind to axoplasmic fibers but do not move. Elastase
      treatment of vesicles inhibits both binding and movement. We conclude that a
      protein component on the surface of cholinergic synaptic vesicles from electric
      fish is conserved during evolution and so can be recognized by the organelle
      translocating machinery of the squid axon, resulting in ATP-dependent movement.
      Synaptic vesicles apparently retain the capacity for fast axonal transport, even
      after they reach their intracellular destination.

PMID- 3848438
TI  - Evaluation of a transparent dressing in the treatment of stasis ulcers of the
      lower limb.

PMID- 3848439
TI  - Meeting the needs of patients undergoing ostomy surgery.

PMID- 3848440
TI  - Urinary undiversion.

PMID- 3848443
TI  - The hepatitis B vaccine.

PMID- 3848441
TI  - Biliary atresia: nursing diagnoses and management.

PMID- 3848442
TI  - Expanding your practice.

PMID- 3848444
TI  - Growth of a department.

PMID- 3848445
TI  - The Betty Neuman Systems Model in nursing practice: a case study approach.
AB  - The value of models of nursing to provide direction for nursing practice,
      education and research is becoming increasingly evident in the literature.
      Nursing is developing a heightened awareness of the importance of models as
      vehicles to professional accountability. By delineating the boundaries of
      nursing, they serve as a framework for the development of nursing knowledge. This
      paper describes the use of the Betty Neuman Systems Model in practice using a
      case study approach. The selection of the model for practice reflects the
      congruency between the practitioner's personal values and assumptions and those
      of the model, the major elements of which are highlighted in the first section of
      the paper. The second section explores the model in practice via a nursing
      situation in which the client is recovering at home following hospitalization and
      treatment for a myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3848446
TI  - Theory of nursing as curriculum content.
AB  - This article presents an introduction to theories of nursing, and a discussion of
      the structure of the discipline, its relationship to the nursing curriculum, and
      nursing theories as curriculum content. Some results of a content analysis of
      curricula for Australian post-basic clinical nursing courses are presented. Such
      curricula do not appear to afford much coverage of the nursing process and
      theories of nursing.

PMID- 3848447
TI  - A study to compare two models of community psychiatric nursing care delivery.
AB  - This study analyses data collected by the community psychiatric nursing team in
      the Bloomsbury Health Authority. After the 1982 National Health Service
      reorganization one large CPN team was created from two smaller ones each
      operating a separate mode of care delivery. Four CPNs were based at a day
      hospital and five CPNs worked from primary health care bases. Regular statistics
      collected by all the nurses were used to examine two hypotheses. First, there is
      a type of client seen by a CPN who varies according to the main base from which
      the nurse operates. Second, that there were differences in individual CPN
      'caseload activity' that are determined by main work-setting. The results
      indicated that the characteristics of the two client-referral samples were indeed
      different using various measures of social deprivation and isolation. Substantial
      variations in 'caseload activity' between the two teams were also found, the
      largest difference being the number of hours spent in clinical activity, face to
      face with the client. Various implications of these findings for the overall
      planning and management of the CPN team are discussed. The overall conclusion
      reached is that, as Mangen & Griffith have suggested, the planning of CPN
      services requires the systematic collection of evaluative data on which to base
      future policies.

PMID- 3848448
TI  - Designing nursing research: the qualitative-quantitative debate.
AB  - Nursing research has not evolved with immunity from the qualitative-quantitative
      debate which has surrounded the behavioural and social sciences. The outcome of
      this debate should be better nursing science since researchers are forced to face
      and address the controversial issues. Attaining this goal requires researchers to
      debate the issues with a knowledge of epistemology and methodology and not blind
      devotion to the tradition of the hard sciences. This paper addresses the issues
      of epistemology, methodology, and ethics for two prototypes of the qualitative
      quantitative continuum. Grounded theory explains the issues of qualitative
      research: the search for meaning, the inclusion of environmental factors, the
      depth of data, and the treatment of participants as subjects. The true
      experiment, the epitomy of the quantitative approach, seeks to identify existing
      truths by isolating the significant variables and controlling for contaminating
      factors. Based on these arguments, recommendations are made for nursing research
      which rely on both approaches.

PMID- 3848449
TI  - An examination of research priorities in nurse education.
AB  - This paper outlines research priorities in general student nurse training, which
      include looking at curriculum content and methods of teaching/learning, and the
      linking of theory and practice--particularly the inclusion of research findings.
      The student nurse's ability and counselling needs are assessed. Finally, the need
      for research into the teacher's training and role is outlined.

PMID- 3848450
TI  - Student unrest: a challenge for nurse educators.
AB  - Nursing students, like their college counterparts, are beginning to revolt
      against hierarchical authority and to claim a more active part in their
      educational planning. Nurse educators can no longer assume that their students
      will never revolt; they must face up to the challenge of developing strategies
      for proper management of student unrest. The authors propose some ways to deal
      with the complex issue of student unrest. These suggestions are made with
      emphasis on faculty-student relationship and the curriculum. Improved faculty
      student relationships, proper utilization of student peer influence and student
      involvement in curriculum planning are some of the strategies proposed in this
      paper.

PMID- 3848451
TI  - The role of communication in nursing--perceptual variations in student/teacher
      responses in Northern Ireland.
AB  - The value of sound communication/interpersonal skills in nursing has been clearly
      demonstrated over recent years. However, precise definition of what constitutes
      such skills, and how these skills should be developed, remains comparatively ill
      defined. This lack of positive definition in turn presents considerable
      difficulties for nurse training in communication skills, where both the basic
      purpose and value of such training may be perceived quite differently by teachers
      and by student nurses. Based on a field study in Northern Ireland, this paper not
      only highlights some of the existing inadequacies of current nurse training in
      communication skills, but also examines some of the disturbing wider educational
      implications of this problem.

PMID- 3848452
TI  - The attitudes of nurse tutor students to behavioural objectives: results and
      discussion.
AB  - This small-scale empirical study provides evidence of the attitudes of a group of
      nurse tutor students to behavioural objectives. The questionnaire items used
      ranged from questions about behaviourism and the use of behavioural objectives in
      teaching, to a question on whether the participants would use behavioural
      objectives in their teaching once they had finished their course. It emerged that
      while there was not an uncritical acceptance of behavioural objectives, they were
      seen as having a place in the process of teaching and learning nursing.

PMID- 3848453
TI  - Janforum. Health care and nursing in the People's Republic of China.

PMID- 3848454
TI  - In search of agents for self-care.

PMID- 3848455
TI  - How well do your clients cope with hearing loss?

PMID- 3848457
TI  - Assessing needs for elders' networks.

PMID- 3848456
TI  - Reminiscing in group therapy for self-worth.

PMID- 3848458
TI  - Treating GI upset in older adults.

PMID- 3848459
TI  - Do uniform colors keep patients awake?

PMID- 3848460
TI  - Biochemical studies on a novel vanadate- and molybdate-sensitive acid phosphatase
      from human epidermis.
AB  - A novel vanadate- and molybdate-sensitive human skin epidermal acid phosphatase
      was purified and characterized. The enzyme was extracted from epidermal sheets
      with a 0.1% Triton X-100 solution buffered at pH 7.0. The purification procedure
      consisted of molecular permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-200 followed by
      chromatography on hydroxylapatite using an ammonium sulfate gradient. The
      molecular weight of the enzyme was 82,000 and the isoelectric point was at pH
      5.6. At the optimum pH (5.1) the enzyme hydrolyzed most rapidly 1-naphthyl
      phosphate (Km = 0.28 mM) and 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (Km = 0.28 mM). In general,
      the best substrates had an aromatic leaving group. Fluoride (Ki = 39 microM;
      noncompetitive) and phosphate (competitive) inhibited by binding to different
      binding sites of the enzyme. The most potent inhibitors were vanadate (Ki = 1.9 X
      10(-6)M), tungstate (Ki = 1.4 X 10(-7)M), and molybdate (Ki = 2.0 X 10(-9)M).
      Chemical modification and kinetic experiments suggested that the activity of the
      enzyme is based on imidazole, tyrosyl, and carboxyl groups. Benzoyl peroxide was
      a relatively potent inhibitor (Ki = 5.0 X 10(-5)M; noncompetitive). This enzyme
      resembled the prostatic acid phosphatase with regard to substrate specificity,
      inhibition characteristics, and functional groups.

PMID- 3848461
TI  - [The influence of various molecules on the occurrence of the human sperm acrosome
      reaction].
AB  - The acrosome reaction is essential for fertilization, but the mechanism of the
      acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa is not clear at the present time. We
      studied the mechanism to analyze the cause of unexplained infertility, the
      appropriate timing of insemination, and the environment of spermatozoa prior to
      fertilization. For this study, we examined the effects of Ca++, Mg++, Kallikrein,
      Phospholipase A2, p-bromophenacyl bromide (Phospholipase A2 specific inhibitor),
      Lysophosphatidyl choline, Arachidonic acid, and Glyceryl monooleate using in
      vitro penetration assay employing zona- free hamster eggs. Results obtained were
      as follows. When human spermatozoa were incubated in mBWW with Ca++ or (and) Mg++
      free medium, the acrosome reaction was inhibited. When human spermatozoa were
      incubated in mBWW with Kallikrein (1.0-4.0 KU ml), the acrosome reaction was
      promoted. When Phospholipase A2 was used at concentrations of 0.2 and 2.0
      unit/ml, penetration rates showed the same tendency as in the control. But when p
      bromophenacyl bromide was tested at concentrations of 1 X 10(-5) - 1 X 10(-3)M,
      penetration rates were inhibited when compared with the control. When human
      spermatozoa were incubated in medium containing Lysophosphatidyl choline (50
      micrograms/ml), Arachidonic acid (5-50 micrograms/ml), and Glyceryl monoleate
      (300-400 micrograms/ml), the acrosome reaction was accelerated.

PMID- 3848462
TI  - Conceptions of community health nurses regarding low-income Black, Mexican
      American, and White families: Part 2.

PMID- 3848463
TI  - Combining the clinical and consultative roles in a community day care center.

PMID- 3848465
TI  - Helping children of aged parents achieve filial maturity.

PMID- 3848464
TI  - Profiles of the consumer and nonconsumer of pediatric nurse practitioner
      services: New Haven, Connecticut.

PMID- 3848466
TI  - Conceptions of community health nurses regarding low-income Black, Mexican
      American, and White families: Part 1.

PMID- 3848467
TI  - Nursing consortium approach to increase research in service settings.
AB  - Nursing administrators urgently need objective, tested information on which to
      base crucial decisions regarding quality and cost in all areas of nursing
      service. Such information can be obtained only through research, but the scarcity
      of credentialed nurse-researchers limits the possibility of meeting this need. As
      an alternative approach, a consortium of nine nursing service agencies was
      established to prepare nurses to study their concerns. This article describes the
      consortium's background and function.

PMID- 3848468
TI  - The case for mentor moderation.

PMID- 3848469
TI  - Why health-care teams don't change: chronicity and collusion.
AB  - Organizational chronicity exists in many health-care settings. This syndrome
      organizes the agency's approach to problems, dampens enthusiasm about the
      possibility of change, and fosters a climate in which change behaviors are
      undermined and sabotaged. The authors identify collusion, characteristics of the
      health-care team, errors of the internal training staff, and consultant errors as
      four significant contributors to organizational chronicity, and offer strategies
      for changing settings in which chronicity is the norm.

PMID- 3848470
TI  - AIDS in perspective.

PMID- 3848471
TI  - Continuing education. Part III. Acid-base balance.

PMID- 3848472
TI  - The solace of a dream.

PMID- 3848473
TI  - Peritoneal Pete...

PMID- 3848474
TI  - Four bottle routine.

PMID- 3848475
TI  - Electrophysiology of the cardiac cell.

PMID- 3848476
TI  - Aluminum bone disease. (A case study).

PMID- 3848477
TI  - Megatrends ... Impact on nephrology nursing.

PMID- 3848478
TI  - Self care framework: a guide for clinical application.

PMID- 3848480
TI  - Why the big deal over patient teaching?

PMID- 3848481
TI  - Pain in children with cancer: an assessment.

PMID- 3848479
TI  - Nursing intervention based on the health belief model and compliance in patients
      on chronic dialysis.

PMID- 3848482
TI  - Legislative issues (giving testimony to a legislative committee).

PMID- 3848483
TI  - Bone marrow aspirations employing 20-gauge spinal needles vs. wide gauge steel
      needles.

PMID- 3848484
TI  - A overview of descriptive research.

PMID- 3848485
TI  - Dexamethasone's new use in cancer treatment.

PMID- 3848486
TI  - Patient violence. Report of 200 incidents.
AB  - Studies of assaultive behavior in hospital settings are increasing. Results are
      often contradictory. These variances are dependent upon the type of hospital, the
      specific setting, and the disciplines involved in the reporting process. Open
      recognition that violent incidents occur, and the substitution of fact finding
      for finger pointing, are the first steps toward prevention and management.

PMID- 3848487
TI  - Restraint and seclusion. A standard and standard care plan.

PMID- 3848488
TI  - Drug abuse and the elderly.

PMID- 3848489
TI  - Helping cancer patients cope.

PMID- 3848490
TI  - How nurses react to patient assault.

PMID- 3848491
TI  - Substituted 2-pyrones, 2-pyridones, and other congeners of elasnin as potential
      agents for the treatment of chronic obstructive lung diseases.
AB  - Several congeners of elasnin (I) have been synthesized and shown to inhibit human
      leukocyte elastase (HLE). The C-3 alkyl substituted 2-pyrones 11 and 12 were
      found to be the most effective inhibitors of the enzyme. These compounds are
      highly specific in their inhibitory activity.

PMID- 3848492
TI  - [Extracorporeal lung assist (ECLA) by intermittent veno-venous bypass for newborn
      respiratory failure].

PMID- 3848493
TI  - [Utilization of the nursing report in nursing care].

PMID- 3848494
TI  - [Reduction in time required in preparation of nursing reports: improvement in the
      method of recording on the Kardex].

PMID- 3848495
TI  - [Preparation of the standard format for the nursing report and associated future
      problems].

PMID- 3848496
TI  - [Re-evaluation of nursing reports: views held by the nurses of our hospital. A
      survey by questionnaires and tape recording].

PMID- 3848497
TI  - [Innovation in preparation of nursing reports at St. Jude Hospital: for
      maintenance of continuity of nursing care].

PMID- 3848498
TI  - [Bedside nursing. Assistance toward independent elimination action by an aged
      hemiplegic patient].

PMID- 3848499
TI  - [Bedside nursing. A thought on psychiatric nursing through interactions with a
      schizophrenic patient with a negative and aggressive attitude].

PMID- 3848500
TI  - [The right to be wrong].

PMID- 3848501
TI  - [Thoughts of a clinical practitioner through interactions with a patient with
      terminal maxillary cancer].

PMID- 3848502
TI  - [Learning experience through interactions with a young boy requiring
      psychological support].

PMID- 3848503
TI  - [Home nursing activities by a membership system (life care system)].

PMID- 3848504
TI  - [Report from the hospice. 6. Care of dying patients. Interactions with family
      members].

PMID- 3848505
TI  - [Monologue by a nursing director: my encounter with tea ceremony].

PMID- 3848506
TI  - [Clinical phase of dementia. 2. Symptoms of dementia (1)].

PMID- 3848508
TI  - [Counseling of patients. 5. Steps to be followed after the establishment of the
      goal. Counseling methods (2)].

PMID- 3848507
TI  - [Changing medical care: toward the 21st century. 3. Primary health care].

PMID- 3848509
TI  - [Profile of a nurse. Ms Michi Iwamoto, a clinical nurse who completed a 4-year
      study in law].

PMID- 3848510
TI  - [Diary of a cancer patient. A positive attitude in spite of a loss of the voice.
      The first experience in oral feeding after surgery].

PMID- 3848511
TI  - [Public health care in Indonesia. Kader, volunteers for improvement of local
      health care].

PMID- 3848512
TI  - [Primary nursing: economics of primary nursing].

PMID- 3848513
TI  - [Re-evaluation of daily care. Protection of patients from the harmful effects of
      clinical tests].

PMID- 3848514
TI  - [Urinary rehabilitation of patients with neurogenic bladder].

PMID- 3848515
TI  - [Nursing of patients with cervical and other spinal cord injuries for independent
      urination actions: description of the nursing processes].

PMID- 3848516
TI  - [Preparation of patients with urination dysfunctions for hospital discharge].

PMID- 3848517
TI  - [Independent urination actions by apoplexy patients].

PMID- 3848519
TI  - [On nursing and observing patients (1). Discussion by two authors].

PMID- 3848518
TI  - [Nursing of rheumatoid patients with difficulties in urination actions].

PMID- 3848520
TI  - [Report on medical and nursing activities in the arid area of Ethiopia].

PMID- 3848521
TI  - [Report on home care services. 17. Regional care of patients with refractory
      diseases being cared for at home. Close human relations to fill the gap between
      medical care and welfare service].

PMID- 3848522
TI  - [Report from the hospice. 7. Care of dying patients: informing the patients about
      the nature of their illness].

PMID- 3848523
TI  - [Clinical description of pain. 15. Use of narcotic analgesics (II). Oral
      administration--Brompton cocktail].

PMID- 3848524
TI  - [Clinical description of dementia. 3. Symptoms of dementia (2)].

PMID- 3848525
TI  - [Medicine in a changing society: toward the 21st century. 4. Life-long
      education].

PMID- 3848526
TI  - [Counseling of patients. Approaches varied according to client types. Counseling
      methods. (3)].

PMID- 3848527
TI  - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Hisako Minowa who has worked as a psychiatric counsellor
      in industry for the past 20 years].

PMID- 3848528
TI  - [Record of a cancer patient: a positive attitude toward recovery in spite of a
      loss of speech. Return of suffering].

PMID- 3848529
TI  - [Report by a public health nurse working in Indonesia. 7. A women's organization
      and its activities].

PMID- 3848531
TI  - [Bioenergetics].

PMID- 3848530
TI  - [A monologue by a nursing director. Extents of involvement with hobbies].

PMID- 3848532
TI  - [Problems concerning total hysterectomy].

PMID- 3848533
TI  - [Management of daily activities and prognosis of patients following
      hysterectomy].

PMID- 3848534
TI  - [Easing of pain and assistance in urination by patients following total
      hysterectomy].

PMID- 3848535
TI  - [The effects of the methods of total hysterectomy in the ensuing years].

PMID- 3848536
TI  - [Evaluation of the methods of patient education concerning their sexual
      activities following total hysterectomy].

PMID- 3848537
TI  - [Pre and postoperative education of patients undergoing hysterectomy].

PMID- 3848538
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with ovarian cancer associated with ascites and
      hydrothorax].

PMID- 3848539
TI  - [Nursing of a young patient with malignant ovarian cancer undergoing
      chemotherapy].

PMID- 3848540
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with cervical cancer--the effect of total hysterectomy on
      the patient's emotion and interactions with the nursing staff].

PMID- 3848541
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with uterine cancer undergoing radiotherapy].

PMID- 3848542
TI  - [Nursing of a patient in the terminal stage of ovarian cancer--an observation
      through nursing of the patient suffering constant vomiting and nausea].

PMID- 3848543
TI  - [Practice of the ICU care of patients undergoing valve replacement].

PMID- 3848544
TI  - [ICU nursing following replacement with artificial valves].

PMID- 3848545
TI  - [Patients' use of the interphone connected to the nursing station: the nature of
      the calls and trends in the use].

PMID- 3848546
TI  - [Ocular symptoms of solvent poisoning].

PMID- 3848547
TI  - [Pseudogout].

PMID- 3848548
TI  - [Neuroblastoma and mass examination].

PMID- 3848549
TI  - [Laser therapy of cervical cancer].

PMID- 3848550
TI  - [Cystostomy and urostomy].

PMID- 3848551
TI  - [The Second European Symposium on Education of Diabetic Patients. Goals in
      patient education--an answer to be found on the drawing board].

PMID- 3848552
TI  - [Health evaluation--a report on the Hawaiian Nursing Seminar].

PMID- 3848553
TI  - [Cancer of the female genital organs, with special reference to early diagnosis].

PMID- 3848554
TI  - [Surgical treatment of ovarian and uterine cancer and postoperative management].

PMID- 3848556
TI  - [On nursing associations and nursing research: a discussion].

PMID- 3848555
TI  - [Motivation in clinical nursing training: significance of ideas of instructors].

PMID- 3848557
TI  - [Characteristics and development of communication at the ego state in
      transactional analysis: understanding of patients and nursing in clinical case
      studies].

PMID- 3848558
TI  - [Evaluation of methods in short-term clinical training].

PMID- 3848559
TI  - [Teaching to utilize the knowledge in clinical training: construction of a model
      in instruction prior to clinical training].

PMID- 3848560
TI  - [A conference fully participated by students: an observation from basic clinical
      training].

PMID- 3848561
TI  - [The initial clinical training and manners in speech].

PMID- 3848562
TI  - [Educational technology. Training in internal medicine (2). Technology in routine
      tests].

PMID- 3848563
TI  - [On nursing education. 36. Old and yet new basic nursing technology].

PMID- 3848564
TI  - [Methodology and problems in nursing education: for solutions of problems at the
      educational scene. 12. Conclusion and supplement].

PMID- 3848566
TI  - [Learning in clinical training in psychiatric nursing--changes of students'
      attitudes noted in questionnaires].

PMID- 3848567
TI  - [Clinical training in psychiatric nursing--a 2-week experience at the National
      Higo Sanatorium].

PMID- 3848565
TI  - [Importance of individual teaching in comprehensive clinical training].

PMID- 3848568
TI  - [Effects of leadership training in nursing education].

PMID- 3848569
TI  - [Basis of the study of electrocardiography].

PMID- 3848572
TI  - [Students' interest on the subjects of sex and diseases--a survey on women's
      magazines].

PMID- 3848570
TI  - [On nursing education. 37. Items necessary in acquiring nursing technology].

PMID- 3848571
TI  - [Education and the study of education].

PMID- 3848574
TI  - [Open-mindedness in interpreting the report: comments on the model meeting with
      local inhabitants].

PMID- 3848573
TI  - [The starting point in public health activities. Understanding the problems and
      finding solutions through discussion. A model discussion].

PMID- 3848575
TI  - [Public health nurses' intention and thinking process of the participants: a
      discussion on the model meeting with citizens].

PMID- 3848576
TI  - [Understanding the local public health problems: structural comprehension of the
      problems through meetings with citizens].

PMID- 3848577
TI  - [Comprehension of health problems by citizens for more active participation
      toward health improvement--an effort in education of diabetic patients at a
      public health clinic].

PMID- 3848579
TI  - [Proposal of the "third natural history" for the comprehensive approach to public
      health services: understanding the multi-structural autonomy of the learning
      organization].

PMID- 3848578
TI  - [A new role of regional public health nurses approaching the 21st century].

PMID- 3848580
TI  - [Public health activities: day care of the aged local residents].

PMID- 3848581
TI  - Social policy and cost of care of the aged.

PMID- 3848582
TI  - [Prospect of welfare programs for the aged in Korea].

PMID- 3848583
TI  - [Health problems of the aged].

PMID- 3848584
TI  - [Nursing care of the aged].

PMID- 3848585
TI  - [Curricular implications for undergraduate nursing education].

PMID- 3848586
TI  - [Foley catheterization and infection].

PMID- 3848587
TI  - [A study of hospital nurses' job satisfaction and acceptance of inservice
      education].

PMID- 3848588
TI  - [A study on the relationship of home background and personality traits of nursing
      students].

PMID- 3848589
TI  - [Trends and perspectives in gerontology].

PMID- 3848590
TI  - [Literature review on the menopause syndrome].

PMID- 3848591
TI  - [Problems of the aged in Korea].

PMID- 3848592
TI  - Legal issues of nursing practice.

PMID- 3848593
TI  - Maintaining health in our older population.

PMID- 3848594
TI  - Computers and communication.

PMID- 3848596
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with stomach cancer. Diagnostic and
      therapeutic processes for patients with stomach cancer].

PMID- 3848595
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with stomach cancer. Physiopathology of
      stomach cancer, life activities and prognosis of patients].

PMID- 3848597
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with stomach cancer. Keypoints in
      comprehensive understanding of patients with stomach cancer].

PMID- 3848598
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with stomach cancer. Nursing plans for
      patients with stomach cancer].

PMID- 3848599
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of a patient with stomach cancer. Discovery of stomach
      cancer in an early stage at a mass screening and pre and post-operative nursing].

PMID- 3848600
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with stomach cancer. Discussion: management
      of patients' anxiety and patient education at discharge].

PMID- 3848601
TI  - [Nursing of an alcoholic patient and health education using a personalized
      booklet].

PMID- 3848602
TI  - [Nursing of a diabetic patient with special emphasis on dietary training].

PMID- 3848603
TI  - [Learning through contact with children--an experience with medication training
      of a child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3848604
TI  - [Conference: learning through clinical training--nursing with understanding of
      the patient].

PMID- 3848605
TI  - [Test yourself. Nursing of a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

PMID- 3848606
TI  - [Case report and its evaluation: nursing of a paraplegic patient with poor
      communication with nursing personnel--with special emphasis on the care of
      decubitus ulcer].

PMID- 3848607
TI  - [Patients' use of the buzzer calling a nurse].

PMID- 3848608
TI  - [Responses to the buzzer calling a nurse during the busy time period].

PMID- 3848609
TI  - [A reduction in the use of the buzzer by patients with improvement of nursing
      care].

PMID- 3848610
TI  - [Problems with patients who do not use the buzzer to call nurses--a reflection on
      one's own experience as a patient].

PMID- 3848611
TI  - Selective noradrenaline depletion markedly alters stress responses in rats.
AB  - Rats were given FLA-63, followed by R04-1284 0.5 h later to relatively
      selectively deplete brain NA. After 8 h, some animals were examined for regional
      brain NA and MHPG-SO4, while some were subjected to 3 h of cold-restraint stress
      and then examined. All brain regions examined showed significant NA and MHPG
      reduction. Specific NA depletion markedly exacerbated restraint ulcer formation
      and plasma corticosterone levels. NA depletion without restraint stress did not
      induce ulcers or elevate corticosterone. Intact brain NA activity appears to be
      essential for coping with stress.

PMID- 3848612
TI  - The use of power: a positive force for nurses!

PMID- 3848613
TI  - Nurses assist Medical Passport implementation.

PMID- 3848614
TI  - [Dystonia musculorum deformans].

PMID- 3848615
TI  - [Syringomyelia].

PMID- 3848616
TI  - [Physiotherapy of obliterating arterial lesions of the lower extremities].

PMID- 3848617
TI  - [Use of physiotherapy in dentistry].

PMID- 3848618
TI  - [Role of the nurse in the work of the periodontics office].

PMID- 3848619
TI  - [Work safety for the x-ray laboratory assistant].

PMID- 3848620
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of proctological diseases in the polyclinic].

PMID- 3848621
TI  - [Work of the nurse in the ENT office].

PMID- 3848622
TI  - [Role of the nurse in intensifying the therapeutic and diagnostic process in
      hospitals].

PMID- 3848623
TI  - [Protective housing for the medical injection syringe].

PMID- 3848624
TI  - [Emotional stress in ophthalmic surgery].

PMID- 3848625
TI  - [Presterilization cleaning of articles for medical use].

PMID- 3848626
TI  - [Standardization of the quality of x-rays].

PMID- 3848627
TI  - [Use of the special form for orders to the clinical biochemical laboratory].

PMID- 3848628
TI  - [Toxoplasmosis].

PMID- 3848629
TI  - [Intrauterine contraception].

PMID- 3848630
TI  - [The health bulletin].

PMID- 3848632
TI  - [Acupuncture].

PMID- 3848633
TI  - [Treatment of fractures in children].

PMID- 3848631
TI  - [The ethics of interrelationships in medical collectives].

PMID- 3848634
TI  - [Perthes' disease].

PMID- 3848635
TI  - [Benign skeletal tumors in children].

PMID- 3848636
TI  - [Congenital talipes].

PMID- 3848637
TI  - [Therapeutic gymnastics and massage for children with congenital hip
      dislocation].

PMID- 3848638
TI  - [Therapeutic care for children with diseases of the locomotor system].

PMID- 3848640
TI  - [Massage in shoulder dislocations].

PMID- 3848639
TI  - [Orthopedic treatment of children with chronic joint diseases].

PMID- 3848641
TI  - [Microsurgery in traumatology and orthopedics].

PMID- 3848642
TI  - [Therapeutic prosthetics].

PMID- 3848643
TI  - [Combined treatment of joint contracture].

PMID- 3848644
TI  - [Functional treatment of patients suffering from osteochondrosis and spondylosis
      deformans].

PMID- 3848645
TI  - [Blood service for traumatologists and orthopedists].

PMID- 3848646
TI  - [Orthopedics department for adults--searches, findings, decisions...].

PMID- 3848648
TI  - [Modification of a bandage dressing for the head].

PMID- 3848647
TI  - [Spinal osteochondrosis].

PMID- 3848649
TI  - [Our experience with centralizing the management of nurses' work in dressing
      wards].

PMID- 3848650
TI  - Nutrition in the first year.

PMID- 3848651
TI  - Does infant crying affect concentration?

PMID- 3848652
TI  - Fighting rubella.

PMID- 3848653
TI  - Diabetes in pregnancy.

PMID- 3848654
TI  - Some faults on feeding.

PMID- 3848656
TI  - Breast feeding--a new understanding. Mabel Liddiard Memorial Lecture-Edinburgh
      1984.

PMID- 3848655
TI  - When your patients ask about glaucoma.

PMID- 3848657
TI  - Breast feeding--a life-saver in the Third World.

PMID- 3848658
TI  - Women at work.

PMID- 3848660
TI  - Hepatitis B: what you don't know can hurt you.

PMID- 3848659
TI  - Fetal response to music.

PMID- 3848661
TI  - C3 nephritic factor protects bound C3bBb from cleavage by factor I and human
      erythrocytes.
AB  - C3 nephritic factor is an autoantibody to the alternative-pathway C3 convertase
      (C3bBb) which increases the half-life of the convertase both in the presence and
      absence of serum regulatory proteins. Human erythrocytes contain membrane
      proteins which also can regulate C3bBb. One of these proteins, the C3b/C4b
      receptor (CR1), plays an important role in the processing of soluble immune
      complexes. C3b which is fixed to immune complexes binds to CR1 and is cleaved by
      factor I to C3c and C3dg. We have tested the effectiveness of the nephritic
      factor in protecting bound C3b from cleavage by factor I and human erythrocytes.
      Sheep erythrocyte intermediates EAC1423b were prepared using 125I-labeled C3 and
      incubated with factors B and D in the presence and absence of nephritic factor.
      Breakdown of C3b was measured by release of 125I-C3c following incubation with
      human erythrocytes and factor I. Purified IgG from two patients with nephritic
      factor prevented C3c release in a dose-dependent manner. Normal human IgG was
      ineffective as was nephritic factor in the absence of factor B. Factor P also
      inhibited the release of C3c in the presence of factor B with equivalent activity
      at approx. 20-fold higher concns than nephritic factor. These results indicate
      that nephritic factor can impair human erythrocyte dependent degradation of C3b
      in alternative-pathway-activating immune complexes.

PMID- 3848662
TI  - In preparation of Korner.

PMID- 3848664
TI  - View from the other side.

PMID- 3848663
TI  - How we feel.

PMID- 3848665
TI  - Fracture of the tibia.

PMID- 3848666
TI  - An emergency infusion set.

PMID- 3848667
TI  - A marriage made in heaven?

PMID- 3848668
TI  - Corporate restructuring of nonprofit, tax-exempt hospitals.

PMID- 3848669
TI  - Quality with economy: doing the right things for less.

PMID- 3848670
TI  - Providing incentives while reducing costs: an employee suggestion plan.

PMID- 3848671
TI  - Implementing and monitoring variable staffing.

PMID- 3848672
TI  - Basics in evaluating computer software.

PMID- 3848673
TI  - Critical mass: integration of organizational theory and economics.

PMID- 3848675
TI  - Nurse consultants association.

PMID- 3848674
TI  - Will a healthy dose of competition cure the health-care system's ills?

PMID- 3848676
TI  - The cost of nursing's negative image.

PMID- 3848677
TI  - Can you learn to be a leader?

PMID- 3848678
TI  - The five steps to successful networking.

PMID- 3848679
TI  - Taking off. A nurse's guide to studying abroad.

PMID- 3848680
TI  - Turn your ideas into profit.

PMID- 3848681
TI  - Nurses need much more sense than in the past.

PMID- 3848683
TI  - Run the road to wellness!

PMID- 3848684
TI  - Full backing for exhaustive research. ICN supports regulation document.

PMID- 3848682
TI  - Build business sense.

PMID- 3848685
TI  - Increasing demand from profession to know about economic issues.

PMID- 3848687
TI  - Unique presentation of work by British nurses on in vitro fertilisation.

PMID- 3848686
TI  - How nursing must respond to the individual needs of the society which it serves.

PMID- 3848689
TI  - College welcomes drug abuse report.

PMID- 3848688
TI  - College protests over advert for general manager.

PMID- 3848690
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. A fair crack.

PMID- 3848691
TI  - Discussing issue of cost of drugs for the long term mentally ill.

PMID- 3848692
TI  - Theory and practice.

PMID- 3848694
TI  - Differences between generalists and specialist nurses.

PMID- 3848693
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Leading Role. Uniform approach.

PMID- 3848695
TI  - The SEN--between the devil and the deep blue sea?

PMID- 3848696
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. A side issue; just pensions.

PMID- 3848697
TI  - More innovative practitioners are needed now.

PMID- 3848698
TI  - Needs of sick children.

PMID- 3848699
TI  - Paediatric nurses set standard of care received by children in hospitals.

PMID- 3848700
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. A future for ENs; consumer role.

PMID- 3848701
TI  - Clinical budgeting.

PMID- 3848702
TI  - Individually and collectively we need to be clear what nursing is.

PMID- 3848703
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Rates reduction.

PMID- 3848704
TI  - An epitaph for the clinical teacher.

PMID- 3848705
TI  - Lessons to be learnt from Israel's example.

PMID- 3848706
TI  - Nursing's legislative agenda, round one.

PMID- 3848707
TI  - Video-teleconferencing by nurses--for nurses.

PMID- 3848708
TI  - Health versus illness nurses can chart the course for the future.

PMID- 3848709
TI  - The business of nursing: development of a private practice.

PMID- 3848711
TI  - Nursing perspectives in health care technology.

PMID- 3848710
TI  - The essence of nursing in high technology.

PMID- 3848712
TI  - Nursing management of pulmonary health care services within a community hospital.

PMID- 3848713
TI  - Critically ill children: the importance of touch in a high-technology
      environment.

PMID- 3848715
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: high pressure nursing.

PMID- 3848714
TI  - Withholding treatment from severely handicapped newborns: ethical-legal issues.

PMID- 3848716
TI  - High-touch/high-technology computer applications in nursing.

PMID- 3848717
TI  - An exploration of the relationship between nurses' empathy and technology.

PMID- 3848719
TI  - Books for nursing administrators.

PMID- 3848718
TI  - Motivational orientation toward learning after graduation.

PMID- 3848720
TI  - Mentor matching.

PMID- 3848721
TI  - Locating and selecting clinical agencies.

PMID- 3848722
TI  - Scholarship: what is the evidence?

PMID- 3848723
TI  - Item analysis for teacher-made tests.

PMID- 3848724
TI  - A baccalaureate degree program in nursing for adult students.

PMID- 3848725
TI  - Evaluating a nurse-managed center.

PMID- 3848726
TI  - Responding to crisis.

PMID- 3848727
TI  - Teaching for clinical competence.

PMID- 3848728
TI  - Partial hand amputation.

PMID- 3848729
TI  - Nurse-manager...try that title on for size.

PMID- 3848730
TI  - Documenting your postop assessment findings: a new form you can use.

PMID- 3848731
TI  - More than a touch: communicating with a blind and deaf patient.

PMID- 3848732
TI  - Warning: giving telephone advice is hazardous to your professional health.

PMID- 3848733
TI  - Update on pulmonary artery catheterization.

PMID- 3848735
TI  - Truly caring for the patient who's an alcoholic.

PMID- 3848734
TI  - Cerebral depressants. Their effects and safe administration.

PMID- 3848736
TI  - Professional growth. Looking for the key to problem employees? Ask them.

PMID- 3848737
TI  - Victim.

PMID- 3848738
TI  - A lesson in compassion.

PMID- 3848739
TI  - Seeing your patient through pancuronium therapy.

PMID- 3848740
TI  - Detecting acute abdominal distension. What to look for, what to do.

PMID- 3848741
TI  - The person behind the disease.

PMID- 3848742
TI  - Assessing C.V.P.

PMID- 3848743
TI  - Some straight talk about telling it like it is.

PMID- 3848744
TI  - The saga of the older student.

PMID- 3848745
TI  - Get ready. The new antiarrhythmics are coming.

PMID- 3848746
TI  - How safe is the air-bubble technique for I.M. injections? Not very, say these
      experts.

PMID- 3848747
TI  - The patient with multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3848748
TI  - Fight unions, not unity. Favor unions and unity.

PMID- 3848749
TI  - On probation.

PMID- 3848750
TI  - Where are we now? Recent developments in the growth of services.

PMID- 3848751
TI  - Living and learning in ordinary housing.

PMID- 3848753
TI  - Community mental handicap teams.

PMID- 3848752
TI  - The nursing process--a core concept for mental handicap nursing.

PMID- 3848754
TI  - Safeguarding the rights and interests of mentally handicapped people.

PMID- 3848755
TI  - Communication--a patient's view.

PMID- 3848756
TI  - Consequences of poor communication between nurses and patients.

PMID- 3848757
TI  - Communication--why it can go wrong.

PMID- 3848759
TI  - Getting it right--inter-professional communication.

PMID- 3848758
TI  - Communication skills in nursing: a practical account.

PMID- 3848760
TI  - Getting it right--counselling.

PMID- 3848761
TI  - Getting it right--patient teaching.

PMID- 3848762
TI  - Infection control--protective clothing.

PMID- 3848763
TI  - Growth and development in childhood.

PMID- 3848764
TI  - Food, fats and facts for nutrition in children.

PMID- 3848765
TI  - Play as a coping mechanism.

PMID- 3848766
TI  - One, two, three, jump--a case history of head injury in a young child.

PMID- 3848767
TI  - Cystic fibrosis--a cruel inheritance.

PMID- 3848768
TI  - Health care of the school child.

PMID- 3848770
TI  - Nurse practitioner: new decisions. Law for the nurse manager.

PMID- 3848769
TI  - The head nurse meeting: who, what, when and where.

PMID- 3848771
TI  - Toward a comprehensive nursing intensity index: Part I, development.

PMID- 3848772
TI  - Triage in the emergency department.

PMID- 3848773
TI  - Managing layoffs: a comprehensive approach.

PMID- 3848774
TI  - An interim stay unit reduces costs.

PMID- 3848775
TI  - Criticism--oil or sand in the gears? Art & science of management.

PMID- 3848776
TI  - Griping and grousing about nursing.

PMID- 3848777
TI  - A little something in the city.

PMID- 3848778
TI  - Give screening where screening is due.

PMID- 3848779
TI  - Image and reality. 2.

PMID- 3848780
TI  - Beyond collective action. Fired? No Contract? Federal law may protect you.

PMID- 3848781
TI  - How nurses can work with the families of the mentally ill.

PMID- 3848782
TI  - Psychiatric-mental health nursing in a day therapy program: new challenges and
      opportunities.

PMID- 3848783
TI  - Job security--references for nurses.

PMID- 3848784
TI  - Perinatal care in Oklahoma today--room for improvement.

PMID- 3848785
TI  - Compartment syndrome (continuing education).

PMID- 3848786
TI  - Use of the wick catheter for diagnosing and monitoring compartment syndrome.

PMID- 3848787
TI  - Assessment of neurovascular status in children.

PMID- 3848789
TI  - Thrombophylaxis with antiembolism stockings.

PMID- 3848788
TI  - Deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and prophylaxis in the orthopaedic
      patient.

PMID- 3848791
TI  - Complications from intraoperative positioning.

PMID- 3848790
TI  - Creative approaches to pressure sore problems.

PMID- 3848792
TI  - Cast syndrome.

PMID- 3848793
TI  - Nursing knowledge: ammunition for power.

PMID- 3848794
TI  - Teens just want to have fun?

PMID- 3848795
TI  - Young children with cerebral palsy: practical guidelines for care.

PMID- 3848796
TI  - Hospital nurse practitioners: a trial approach.

PMID- 3848798
TI  - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in infants and children.

PMID- 3848797
TI  - Anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 3848799
TI  - Initial assessment and management of chronic diarrhea in toddlers.

PMID- 3848800
TI  - Pit and fissure sealants in the prevention of tooth decay.

PMID- 3848801
TI  - Pediatric management problems (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome).

PMID- 3848802
TI  - Pediatric drug information. Common pediatric intravenous medication
      administration problems.

PMID- 3848804
TI  - Legislative challenges for nursing in the '80s.

PMID- 3848803
TI  - Evaluation in nursing: principles and practice.

PMID- 3848805
TI  - The Community Nursing Centers Bill.

PMID- 3848806
TI  - The fate of the National Institute of Nursing.

PMID- 3848807
TI  - High technology and the elderly: a mixed blessing?

PMID- 3848808
TI  - Gerontological nursing research: 1975 to 1984.

PMID- 3848809
TI  - Commitment to clinical excellence in nursing homes.

PMID- 3848810
TI  - Attitudes toward the elderly: nursing students' perspectives.

PMID- 3848811
TI  - Environmental influences that affect nursing staff.

PMID- 3848812
TI  - Core content in geropsychiatric nursing.

PMID- 3848814
TI  - Characteristics of practical nursing education.

PMID- 3848813
TI  - Caring: a concept within nursing.

PMID- 3848815
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance observation of the triple interaction between A9 and
      AU12 in yeast tRNAPhe.
AB  - The nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) was used to identify one of the amino proton
      resonances of base A23 in interaction with A9. These bases form a triple with U12
      in the D stem of yeast tRNAPhe. The identification was verified by finding an NOE
      from this amino proton to the C8 proton of A9, as determined by comparisons of
      NOE's in a native and a C8-deuterated sample.

PMID- 3848816
TI  - Group faculty practice.

PMID- 3848817
TI  - Coping with shrinking resources.

PMID- 3848818
TI  - Cooperative education: experience-based learning.

PMID- 3848820
TI  - Noncompliance: an appropriate nursing diagnosis?

PMID- 3848819
TI  - Help for the burned-out nurse?

PMID- 3848821
TI  - A biopsychosocial view of human health.

PMID- 3848822
TI  - The continuing care nurse.

PMID- 3848823
TI  - Ten hints for thesis survival.

PMID- 3848824
TI  - Computers in use--design of a system for the study of a chronic disease.

PMID- 3848825
TI  - Role of social resource variables upon life satisfaction in black climacteric
      hysterectomized women.

PMID- 3848827
TI  - Teenagers' rationales for their food behaviours: directives for teaching.

PMID- 3848826
TI  - [Relationship between the role played by nursing personnel and the role assumed
      by elderly subjects in a long-term care institution].

PMID- 3848828
TI  - Non-degree continuing nursing education needs of Alberta's registered nurses.

PMID- 3848829
TI  - Suddenly, last summer.

PMID- 3848830
TI  - Nurses' pay. Pay talks.

PMID- 3848832
TI  - Is it the unkindest cut?

PMID- 3848831
TI  - ICN congress. Out in force.

PMID- 3848833
TI  - Staff appraisal. Means of assessment.

PMID- 3848834
TI  - Mitral valve replacement.

PMID- 3848835
TI  - Improving biliary drainage management.

PMID- 3848836
TI  - Neurological observations.

PMID- 3848837
TI  - Working happily.

PMID- 3848838
TI  - Education: in search of identity.

PMID- 3848839
TI  - Toxocariasis.

PMID- 3848840
TI  - Backchat. Man or machine?

PMID- 3848841
TI  - Minding mental health. Interview by Harriet Gaze.

PMID- 3848842
TI  - Management budgeting: hey, big spender!

PMID- 3848843
TI  - Depression: Wounded healers. Interview by Annie Faulkner.

PMID- 3848844
TI  - Luck of the Irish. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3848845
TI  - Passing judgement.

PMID- 3848846
TI  - Care about food. Eating against cancer.

PMID- 3848847
TI  - Care about food. Catering for the patient.

PMID- 3848848
TI  - Staff appraisal: trying to do better.

PMID- 3848849
TI  - A rewarding experience.

PMID- 3848850
TI  - Stand up and take your medicine.

PMID- 3848851
TI  - Olfactory disorders: on the scent.

PMID- 3848852
TI  - Cosmic nursing: do old people come from outer space?

PMID- 3848853
TI  - Backchat. Money well spent?

PMID- 3848854
TI  - Royal College of Midwives supplement. Great expectations. Interview by Laurence
      Dopson.

PMID- 3848855
TI  - Royal College of Midwives supplement. Plus ca change.

PMID- 3848856
TI  - Royal College of Midwives supplement. Bedside manners.

PMID- 3848857
TI  - Royal College of Midwives. Breastfeeding rights.

PMID- 3848858
TI  - Royal College of Midwives supplement. Intravenous infusion.

PMID- 3848859
TI  - Royal College of Midwives supplement. Preventing stillbirths.

PMID- 3848860
TI  - Royal College of Midwives supplement. Gospel according to Myles. Interview by
      Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3848861
TI  - School deaths: lessons of a tragedy.

PMID- 3848862
TI  - Who needs a caesarean?

PMID- 3848863
TI  - Cancer: the guilty secret.

PMID- 3848864
TI  - Battleground for the profession.

PMID- 3848865
TI  - Asthma in the family.

PMID- 3848866
TI  - Asthma in the family. Peter and Paul.

PMID- 3848867
TI  - Bereavement. Letting Alan go.

PMID- 3848868
TI  - Teaching the elderly about drugs.

PMID- 3848869
TI  - The education debate. A question of status.

PMID- 3848870
TI  - Appraisal. Going round in circles.

PMID- 3848871
TI  - Mental health nursing. A suitable case for day care.

PMID- 3848872
TI  - Mental health nursing. From house to home.

PMID- 3848874
TI  - Backchat. Practising what you preach.

PMID- 3848873
TI  - Mental health nursing. The hidden problem.

PMID- 3848875
TI  - Music therapy.

PMID- 3848876
TI  - Is there life after Griffiths?

PMID- 3848877
TI  - Whither community nursing?

PMID- 3848878
TI  - Fresh and dry?

PMID- 3848879
TI  - Caring for the elderly. Forgotten something?

PMID- 3848880
TI  - Care of the elderly. The diagnosis trap.

PMID- 3848881
TI  - Penetrating injuries of the head and spine.

PMID- 3848882
TI  - Rehabilitation. Diabetes and amputation at 73.

PMID- 3848883
TI  - Cause for complaint. A private matter.

PMID- 3848884
TI  - Accident and emergency. Ambulance.

PMID- 3848885
TI  - How mothers learn to cope.

PMID- 3848886
TI  - Budgeting for beginners. Taking stock of staff.

PMID- 3848887
TI  - Staff appraisal. Starting from scratch.

PMID- 3848888
TI  - Education. The riches of learning.

PMID- 3848889
TI  - Coming down to earth. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3848890
TI  - Mental health. Consumer's charter?

PMID- 3848891
TI  - Altered images.

PMID- 3848893
TI  - Where adult education fits in.

PMID- 3848892
TI  - Staffing levels. The demographic factor.

PMID- 3848894
TI  - The Overton experiment.

PMID- 3848895
TI  - Care of the elderly. Cues to clarity.

PMID- 3848896
TI  - Care of the elderly. From diagnosis to management.

PMID- 3848898
TI  - Graphology: pen and paper diagnosis.

PMID- 3848897
TI  - Stab wounds.

PMID- 3848899
TI  - Protecting the parents?

PMID- 3848900
TI  - In support of specialisation. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3848901
TI  - Who's afraid of Virginia Henderson?. Interview by Pam Holmes.

PMID- 3848902
TI  - Abortion. A viable proposition?

PMID- 3848903
TI  - Suntanning. Skin care.

PMID- 3848904
TI  - Safe as houses.

PMID- 3848905
TI  - Postnatal care. Time to avoid the clinic?

PMID- 3848906
TI  - Postnatal care. Midwifery after birth.

PMID- 3848908
TI  - Art in hospitals. Mural, mural on the wall.

PMID- 3848907
TI  - Postnatal care. Twin trauma.

PMID- 3848909
TI  - Care about food. Ready salted.

PMID- 3848910
TI  - Management. One step ahead.

PMID- 3848911
TI  - Talking to stroke patients.

PMID- 3848912
TI  - Occupational health. Tb or not Tb.

PMID- 3848913
TI  - Cosmic nursing. Solitude and sanity.

PMID- 3848914
TI  - How are sisters prepared?

PMID- 3848916
TI  - Dealing with teens and twenties: family welfare concern.

PMID- 3848915
TI  - Backchat. Bad management?

PMID- 3848917
TI  - 'Womb to tomb' health services: role of nurses.

PMID- 3848918
TI  - World Health Day. Healthy youth: our best resource.

PMID- 3848919
TI  - Primary health care: experiences of the Maldives and Singapore.

PMID- 3848920
TI  - Sneaking well wishers: attendants and visitors in wards.

PMID- 3848921
TI  - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a study on impact of heredity.

PMID- 3848923
TI  - Education. Options for care studies.

PMID- 3848922
TI  - Cryosurgery in haemorrhoids.

PMID- 3848924
TI  - Nurses in society. Tips of the TV trade. Interview by Cate Campbell.

PMID- 3848925
TI  - Mental age. The age of the specialist.

PMID- 3848926
TI  - A leg up for the ulcer.

PMID- 3848927
TI  - Clinical revision series 6. Chronic venous insufficiency.

PMID- 3848928
TI  - Kicking the habit.

PMID- 3848929
TI  - Theorised out of practice.

PMID- 3848930
TI  - Stepping stones to the nursing process.

PMID- 3848931
TI  - Research: a real debate by two imaginary people.

PMID- 3848932
TI  - Community: a supportive network.

PMID- 3848933
TI  - A way to go home.

PMID- 3848934
TI  - Matters of conscience. Pervasive ethical problems.

PMID- 3848935
TI  - Midwifery. 2. Sensitive counsel.

PMID- 3848937
TI  - OH, what a nurse.

PMID- 3848936
TI  - Challenging practices in midwifery.

PMID- 3848938
TI  - Follow-on milk: is it necessary?

PMID- 3848939
TI  - Something lost along the way.

PMID- 3848940
TI  - Bedside manners.

PMID- 3848941
TI  - Challenging classroom traditions.

PMID- 3848942
TI  - Nurses in society. Cut off point.

PMID- 3848943
TI  - Clinical revision series. 10. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

PMID- 3848944
TI  - Self-inflicted injury and illness.

PMID- 3848946
TI  - Down your way. Liverpool.

PMID- 3848945
TI  - Malignant skin manifestations.

PMID- 3848947
TI  - Psychiatry. Effective and efficient.

PMID- 3848948
TI  - Who will be in charge?

PMID- 3848949
TI  - Education. The nurse therapist.

PMID- 3848950
TI  - Tearing down walls.

PMID- 3848952
TI  - Distance drains enchantment.

PMID- 3848951
TI  - Mary: a challenge for care.

PMID- 3848953
TI  - Caught in a vicious circle.

PMID- 3848954
TI  - Circles of wisdom.

PMID- 3848955
TI  - Preparing for parenthood.

PMID- 3848956
TI  - Breaking away from routine care.

PMID- 3848957
TI  - No grave, no photograph, no baby.

PMID- 3848959
TI  - The second stage.

PMID- 3848958
TI  - Give the stragglers time.

PMID- 3848960
TI  - Pay--where do we go from here?

PMID- 3848961
TI  - Management: unhappy learners ahead?

PMID- 3848962
TI  - Gut feelings that don't add up.

PMID- 3848963
TI  - Clinical revision series. 11. Xerostomia in malignant disease.

PMID- 3848964
TI  - Education. Listening to people.

PMID- 3848966
TI  - Looking back in knowledge.

PMID- 3848965
TI  - Down your way: Ipswich.

PMID- 3848967
TI  - Trauma in the elderly.

PMID- 3848968
TI  - And my last point, madam chairman...

PMID- 3848969
TI  - Holding two top management posts. Interview by Martin Vousden.

PMID- 3848970
TI  - ICN--a student's view of Tel Aviv.

PMID- 3848971
TI  - Nursing care study. Imprisoned by fear.

PMID- 3848972
TI  - The chemotherapy challenge.

PMID- 3848973
TI  - Don't needle the patient.

PMID- 3848974
TI  - Implementing intravenous policy.

PMID- 3848975
TI  - Down your way: Portsmouth.

PMID- 3848976
TI  - Supporting the family.

PMID- 3848977
TI  - But will it work in practice?

PMID- 3848978
TI  - Psychological care in labour.

PMID- 3848979
TI  - Clinical revision series 12. Uterovaginal prolapse.

PMID- 3848980
TI  - Education. Never too old to learn.

PMID- 3848981
TI  - Endangered species.

PMID- 3848982
TI  - Don't spread that infection.

PMID- 3848983
TI  - Why the prince has turned into a frog.

PMID- 3848984
TI  - How should we choose?

PMID- 3848985
TI  - Sex and the elderly.

PMID- 3848986
TI  - Nursing care study. Nasal obstruction.

PMID- 3848987
TI  - Education. Test run.

PMID- 3848988
TI  - Processed patients.

PMID- 3848989
TI  - Mental handicap. Community nursing in special schools.

PMID- 3848990
TI  - Down your way: King's Lynn.

PMID- 3848991
TI  - Crisis in care. There's been an accident.

PMID- 3848992
TI  - The quality of dying.

PMID- 3848994
TI  - Clinical revision series. 13. Anterior resection for carcinoma of the rectum.

PMID- 3848995
TI  - Who'd be a nurse?

PMID- 3848993
TI  - Overcoming ethnic barriers.

PMID- 3848997
TI  - Health education: finding the right cue.

PMID- 3848996
TI  - Promoting positive health.

PMID- 3848998
TI  - The age-old problem.

PMID- 3848999
TI  - Midwifery: California cares.

PMID- 3849000
TI  - Mothers on the assembly line.

PMID- 3849001
TI  - An unplanned career.

PMID- 3849002
TI  - A measure of responsibility.

PMID- 3849003
TI  - Down your way: Lancaster.

PMID- 3849004
TI  - Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery.

PMID- 3849005
TI  - Clinical revision series. 14. The Patrick splint.

PMID- 3849006
TI  - Moving patients with head injuries.

PMID- 3849007
TI  - Double lives mean double standards.

PMID- 3849008
TI  - What have we learned from Hiroshima?

PMID- 3849009
TI  - Part of the health care team.

PMID- 3849010
TI  - Minor disorders in A and E.

PMID- 3849011
TI  - Projecting developments.

PMID- 3849013
TI  - Matters of importance.

PMID- 3849012
TI  - Chairing the future. Interview by Anthony Carr.

PMID- 3849014
TI  - Professional probe. 1. The NHS could be fantastic. Interview by Catharine Sadler.

PMID- 3849015
TI  - Teaching self-medication.

PMID- 3849016
TI  - Legislation. 2. A good decade for children and the mentally ill.

PMID- 3849017
TI  - Taking the strain.

PMID- 3849018
TI  - Psychiatry. Preventive roles.

PMID- 3849019
TI  - Fat modified diets.

PMID- 3849021
TI  - Care for carers.

PMID- 3849020
TI  - The endangered species bites back.

PMID- 3849022
TI  - Once upon a time.

PMID- 3849023
TI  - Matters of conscience. The power of possession.

PMID- 3849024
TI  - If at first you don't succeed ... try again.

PMID- 3849025
TI  - The Worker Rehabilitation Questionnaire (WRQ): an application of task inventory
      technology to vocational rehabilitation.

PMID- 3849026
TI  - Setting up a microcomputer database for a pain clinic.

PMID- 3849027
TI  - When doctor questions nurse competency: disaster.

PMID- 3849028
TI  - Nurse "bugs" employer--terminated. 1 million dollars damages awarded. Case in
      point: Meierer v. E.I. DuPont De Nemours and Co. (607 F. Supp. 1170-SC).

PMID- 3849029
TI  - Legal case briefs for nurses. NY: pt. neglect: nursing judgment; NY: anoxic brain
      damage: nurse anesthetist sued.

PMID- 3849030
TI  - Pregnancy--leave of absence denied: discrimination. Case in point: Maddox v.
      Grandview Care Center, Inc. (607 F. Supp. 1404-GA).

PMID- 3849031
TI  - A life table analysis of the labor force participation of U.S. nurses, 1949 to
      1980.
AB  - Data from seven inventories of registered nurses by the American Nurses'
      Association and the 1980 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses are analyzed
      in a life table format to examine changes in nurse labor force participation. The
      results show a substantial increase in the labor force participation of nurses,
      as a nurse aged 20 could be expected to spend 28.5 years in the labor force in
      1949 and 34.1 years in the labor force in 1980. Much of that rise seems
      attributable to increasing full-time employment. There is a positive relationship
      between participation in the nursing labor force and a nurse's highest level of
      educational preparation, but that relationship is not a simple one. Nurses with a
      master's or higher degree are very active in the labor force, while diploma
      nurses are much less likely to be employed. At the same time, nurses with
      baccalaureate degrees have relatively low rates of labor force participation, but
      associate degree nurses have rates rivaling the most highly educated.

PMID- 3849032
TI  - Comprehension of information for informed consent by spouses of surgical
      patients.
AB  - The adequacy of comprehension of the information needed for informed consent to
      participate in research on spouse responses to a husband's or wife's general
      surgery was assessed. Comprehension of information about the research study by 75
      spouses was measured by the Informed Consent Questionnaire containing questions
      on study purpose, time involvement, nature of participation, risks, benefits,
      voluntariness, confidentiality, and anonymity. The result showed that 72 of the
      75 spouses had adequate comprehension of the information for informed consent.
      Because adequate comprehension is atypical of most studies, possible reasons for
      this unexpected result are discussed and then explained within a self
      determination theory of informed consent.

PMID- 3849033
TI  - Indirect auscultatory blood pressure measurement at two sites in the arm.
AB  - The purpose of this research was to describe and compare indirect auscultatory
      blood pressure measurement at the forearm site with values obtained at the
      traditional upper arm site. The forearm site has been suggested as an alternative
      site for more accurate measurement of blood pressure in obese patients. This
      study explores differences in data obtained at the two sites on 98 female
      subjects, aged 18 to 25 years, with nonobese arms and without history of
      cardiovascular-renal disease. Data were analyzed using a paired t test (p less
      than .05). Results indicate that statistically significant differences exist
      between the sites based on the lower systolic values and higher diastolic values
      obtained at the forearm site. Additional study is recommended to further clarify
      differences and to include obese subjects.

PMID- 3849035
TI  - Obesity in lower and middle socio-economic status mothers and their children.
AB  - To identify potential nursing interventions for obesity in lower socioeconomic
      status populations, the relationships between maternal and child obesity,
      socioeconomic status, maternal nutritional knowledge, and locus of control for
      maternal weight in 144 children and their mothers were studied. Subjects were
      recruited from two clinic populations; Clinic 1 was of lower socioeconomic status
      than Clinic 2. As compared with those from Clinic 2, mothers from Clinic 1 were
      heavier, had less nutritional knowledge, and were more external with respect to
      locus of weight control. There was a trend for Clinic 1 children to be heavier
      than those in Clinic 2 but this finding was not statistically significant. The
      lower socioeconomic status children significantly resembled their mothers'
      adiposity (possibly foreshadowing adult obesity), however, the middle
      socioeconomic status children did not resemble their mothers.

PMID- 3849034
TI  - Personal control interventions: short- and long-term effects on surgical
      patients.
AB  - A randomized 2 X 3 X 2 factorial design was used to evaluate the short- and long
      term effects of interventions that provided different means of exerting personal
      control over postoperative experiences in a sample of 121 black and 47 white
      hysterectomy patients. One variable was the presence or absence of the
      description of the experience in concrete sensory terms; the second variable was
      instruction in a cognitive-coping strategy, instruction in a behavior-coping
      strategy, or no instruction; and the third variable was experimental or control
      information about the posthospital experience. There was support for the coping
      processes that concrete sensory information was expected to stimulate, but no
      significant effects on resumption of usual life activities as was expected. The
      behavioral-coping technique was associated with a reduction in pain medication.
      The cognitive-coping technique was associated with reports of better physical
      recovery during hospitalization, but longer hospitalization. Posthospitalization
      recovery data, collected 2, 4, and 12 weeks after discharge, showed a different
      pattern of effects for the interventions than observed during hospitalization.

PMID- 3849036
TI  - A comparison of Professional Performance Examination scores of graduating
      associate and baccalaureate degree nursing students.
AB  - The Professional Performance Examination has four subtests of professional
      nursing performance: leadership, collaboration, research, and management of
      client care. If these four elements characterize the professional rather than the
      technical nurse, and if this test is representative of these elements,
      professional and technical nurses should be differentiated. Two alternate forms
      of each of the four subtests were administered to 86 subjects graduating from 12
      associate degree nursing programs and 83 subjects graduating from 11 bachelor
      degree programs. Results showed no difference in leadership, collaboration, and
      management subtest scores, but the bachelors degree group scored significantly
      higher than the associate degree on the research subtest. These results suggested
      that either the test was not sensitive enough to detect all differences between
      the two groups, or the associate degree and bachelor degree subjects were not as
      different as generally supposed.

PMID- 3849037
TI  - The effects of hygiene interventions on the cerebrovascular status of severe
      closed head injured persons.
AB  - The cerebrovascular status of 19 severe closed head injured patients was assessed
      during oral, body, and indwelling catheter care. Heart rates, mean arterial blood
      pressures, mean intracranial pressures, and cerebral perfusion pressures were
      recorded at baseline, peak nursing intervention, and 1-minute recovery times.
      Significant increases (p less than or equal to .05) in the dependent variables
      were noted at peak intervention; by recovery time these elevated values had
      returned to baseline levels. Physiologic responses that did not prove clinically
      significant are discussed to account for the observed changes. Since cerebral
      perfusion pressures never fell below 50 mm Hg, the three hygiene interventions
      are procedures considered safe and beneficial to the patient with closed head
      injury.

PMID- 3849038
TI  - Life satisfaction, health control orientation, and illness-related factors in
      persons with osteoarthritis.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess life satisfaction in osteoarthritics and
      to explore relationships between that variable and health perception, health
      locus of control, and illness-related factors. The study group consisted of 160
      osteoarthritics from four different types of settings. The osteoarthritics rated
      their present life satisfaction and recent health as relatively good and were
      externally controlled in terms of their health beliefs. Present life satisfaction
      was related to better health perception, internal locus of control, and less
      joint pain.

PMID- 3849039
TI  - Hypertension, perceived clinician empathy, and patient self-disclosure.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare groups of outpatient hypertensive and
      diabetic patients to a control group (no known chronic illnesses) on their
      perceptions of clinician empathy and the importance and difficulty of disclosing
      information about themselves to health care providers. It was hypothesized that
      hypertensives would differ from the other groups in perceiving less clinician
      empathy and in attributing less importance, but greater difficulty, to self
      disclosing. The sample was 54 hypertensives, 47 diabetics, and 115 nonchronically
      ill patients. Each subject completed the Empathy scale of the Barrett-Lennard
      Relationship Inventory and a patient self-disclosure questionnaire. The empathy
      hypothesis was supported but the self-disclosure hypotheses were not.
      Hypertensive patients differed from other patients in perceiving the least
      clinician empathy and in attributing the greatest importance to discussing their
      responses to health care.

PMID- 3849040
TI  - Issues of conceptualization and measurement of social support in the construction
      of nursing theory.
AB  - Social support has emerged in the last decade as a significant health behavior
      and, therefore, a promising focus of theory development in nursing. Nursing's
      concern with health, environment, and person provides an ideal perspective from
      which to take the lead in research, instrument development, and theory
      construction in social support. The focus of this article is the present
      development of the construct to assist nurse scholars toward an adequate
      conception of social support. Theoretical frameworks underlying definitions are
      examined, and issues of measurement and clinical assessment are discussed.

PMID- 3849041
TI  - Post hoc tests following analysis of variance.
AB  - Review of nursing research literature revealed that post hoc comparisons of mean
      differences were not consistently reported, although their use was warranted.
      This paper describes the critical features of post hoc procedures and offers
      guidelines for selecting one method over another. Particular attention is given
      to how various procedures control Type 1 error. Selection of post hoc procedures
      considering the investigator's desire for control of Type 1 and Type 2 error also
      is presented.

PMID- 3849042
TI  - RNI's answer to hard economic times.

PMID- 3849043
TI  - Safety guidelines for the cardiac athlete.

PMID- 3849044
TI  - Essential blepharospasm and implications of nursing.

PMID- 3849045
TI  - Rehabilitation research: pathophysiology and management of neurogenic bladder in
      multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3849046
TI  - CPR the patient with a halo apparatus.

PMID- 3849047
TI  - Breast cancer: the new biology in conflict with the old dogma.

PMID- 3849048
TI  - Breast self-examination today: an overview of its use and its value.

PMID- 3849049
TI  - The changing role of surgery in the treatment of breast cancer.

PMID- 3849050
TI  - Systemic therapy of breast cancer--1985.

PMID- 3849051
TI  - The psychologic impact of breast cancer on relationships.

PMID- 3849052
TI  - Breast cancer surgeries and psychosexual sequelae: implications for remediation.

PMID- 3849053
TI  - The impact of breast cancer on the family.

PMID- 3849054
TI  - Primary breast cancer: physical consequences and rehabilitation.

PMID- 3849055
TI  - Anorexia nervosa and exercise. Implications from recent findings.

PMID- 3849056
TI  - Sports and cosmetics.

PMID- 3849057
TI  - Warming-up and stretching for improved physical performance and prevention of
      sports-related injuries.
AB  - Competitive and recreational athletes typically perform warm-up and stretching
      activities to prepare for more strenuous exercise. These preliminary activities
      are used to enhance physical performance and to prevent sports-related injuries.
      Warm-up techniques are primarily used to increase body temperature and are
      classified in 3 major categories: (a) passive warm-up - increases temperature by
      some external means; (b) general warm-up - increases temperature by nonspecific
      body movements; and (c) specific warm-up - increases temperature using similar
      body parts that will be used in the subsequent, more strenuous activity. The best
      of these appears to be specific warm-up because this method provides a rehearsal
      of the activity or event. The intensity and duration of warm-up must be
      individualised according to the athlete's physical capabilities and in
      consideration of environmental factors which may alter the temperature response.
      The majority of the benefits of warm-up are related to temperature-dependent
      physiological processes. An elevation in body temperature produces an increase in
      the dissociation of oxygen from haemoglobin and myoglobin, a lowering of the
      activation energy rates of metabolic chemical reactions, an increase in muscle
      blood flow, a reduction in muscle viscosity, an increase in the sensitivity of
      nerve receptors, and an increase in the speed of nervous impulses. Warm-up also
      appears to reduce the incidence and likelihood of sports-related musculoskeletal
      injuries. Improving flexibility through stretching is another important
      preparatory activity that has been advocated to improve physical performance.
      Maintaining good flexibility also aids in the prevention of injuries to the
      musculoskeletal system. Flexibility is defined as the range of motion possible
      around a specific joint or a series of articulations and is usually classified as
      either static or dynamic. Static flexibility refers to the degree to which a
      joint can be passively moved to the end-points in the range of motion. Dynamic
      flexibility refers to the degree which a joint can be moved as a result of a
      muscle contraction and may therefore not be a good indicator of stiffness or
      looseness of a joint. There are 3 basic categories of stretching techniques: (a)
      ballistic--which makes use of repetitive bouncing movements; (b) static--which
      stretches the muscle to the point of slight muscle discomfort and is held for an
      extended period; and (c) proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation - which uses
      alternating contractions and stretching of the muscles. Each of these stretching
      methods is based on the neurophysiological phenomenon involving the stretch
      reflex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3849058
TI  - Gonadal steroids in athletic women contraception, complications and performance.
AB  - Gonadal steroids are altered by the reproductive system's adaptation to
      conditioning exercise. Contraceptive options for the athletic woman include all
      measures appropriate for the sedentary woman. Barrier methods (always with
      spermicidal jelly) are the preferred choice. The cardiovascular risks, decreased
      aerobic performance, and shorter time to muscular exhaustion related to oral
      contraceptives make this a less desirable option. Potential complications from
      the steroid changes of intense exercise include: low oestrogen and progesterone
      with risk of loss of trabecular bone and early osteoporosis, and absent
      progesterone with low normal oestrogen levels associated with risk of endometrial
      or breast cancer. Therapeutic options for the amenorrhoeic or young athlete
      include supplemental oral calcium, cyclic oral progesterone, or possibly cyclic
      physiological oestrogen and progesterone. The anovulatory (usually older) athlete
      with regular menses needs cyclic progesterone. Medroxyprogesterone 10mg on days
      16 to 25 of the cycle or for 10 days monthly can potentially prevent endometrial
      and breast cancer, give predictable cycles, improve trabecular bone balance and
      stimulate the return of ovulatory cycles. A practical approach to anovulatory
      infertility in the athlete includes a 10% reduction in exercise intensity and/or
      an increase in percentage body fat to 18 to 20%. Cyclic vaginal progesterone
      (25mg bid) can then treat short luteal phase cycles. With improved understanding
      of the hormonal adaptations to conditioning exercise, we will be better able to
      outline contraceptive and therapeutic options in the future.

PMID- 3849060
TI  - [Substance abusers in a general hospital: a team task].

PMID- 3849061
TI  - [Role of the general practitioner with drug abusers].

PMID- 3849059
TI  - Osteoid osteoma. Distant, periarticular, and subarticular lesions as a cause of
      knee pain.
AB  - Osteoid osteoma, a benign osteoblastic tumour comprised of osteoid and atypical
      bone, is a well-known entity. However, clinical diagnosis may be delayed,
      especially when the pain is referred to a nearby joint. This paper reports a
      series of 11 cases occurring in physically active patients in whom the diagnosis
      was delayed because of pain referral to the knee. The mean duration from the
      onset of symptoms to diagnosis of osteoid osteoma was 20 months (range 3 to 48
      months). Review of these 11 lesions indicates that they can be classified on the
      basis of their anatomical location: (a) distant to the knee; (b) periarticular;
      or (c) subarticular (intraarticular). It should be noted that initially only 5 of
      the 11 cases displayed characteristic x-ray findings; in the remaining 6 cases,
      diagnosis was dependent on positive 99mTc radionuclide bone scans, tomograms, and
      computerised tomography scans. Of the 9 patients who underwent surgical resection
      of their lesions, all had complete relief of symptoms and all continued to be
      asymptomatic at follow-up evaluations.

PMID- 3849062
TI  - [Caring for substance abusers: mission impossible?].

PMID- 3849063
TI  - [Drugs as a substitute for thought].

PMID- 3849064
TI  - [Suffering families].

PMID- 3849065
TI  - [Help and prevention: the telephone].

PMID- 3849066
TI  - [The detoxification treatment].

PMID- 3849067
TI  - [Psychotherapeutic and educational management of the drug abuser].

PMID- 3849068
TI  - [Can the intervention of social workers contribute to improved well-being for
      drug abusers?].

PMID- 3849069
TI  - [The physical approach to substance abusers].

PMID- 3849071
TI  - [Lexicon of drug use terms].

PMID- 3849070
TI  - [Meeting drug abusers].

PMID- 3849072
TI  - [Clinical training in assistance and care of drug abusers and marginal abusers].

PMID- 3849073
TI  - [The matter of pillows...].

PMID- 3849074
TI  - [Soap].

PMID- 3849075
TI  - [The hemophiliac at the "Air and Sunshine" center].

PMID- 3849077
TI  - [Spontaneous purulent meningitis in adults].

PMID- 3849076
TI  - [Algodystrophies].

PMID- 3849078
TI  - [Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid].

PMID- 3849079
TI  - [Current aspects of toxoplasmosis].

PMID- 3849080
TI  - [Prevention of sexually transmissible diseases].

PMID- 3849081
TI  - [Decontamination, antisepsis, disinfection].

PMID- 3849082
TI  - Why you have to make those tough decisions.

PMID- 3849083
TI  - Who was he before he became a patient?

PMID- 3849085
TI  - How to manage CVP lines.

PMID- 3849084
TI  - Addicted nurses: clues to the hidden problem.

PMID- 3849086
TI  - Some skills I thought I'd never need.

PMID- 3849087
TI  - The angina that can kill.

PMID- 3849088
TI  - The real risk of acetaminophen overdose.

PMID- 3849089
TI  - The chance encounter that made me stay in nursing.

PMID- 3849090
TI  - Buying time when you face a bowel obstruction.

PMID- 3849092
TI  - The right way to report a colleague.

PMID- 3849091
TI  - The high cost of preterm labor.

PMID- 3849093
TI  - Why I changed my stand on the BSN.

PMID- 3849094
TI  - Vitamin C: who needs it? And when?

PMID- 3849095
TI  - Ducking the debate over BSNs.

PMID- 3849097
TI  - Providing patient care at Expo 86.

PMID- 3849096
TI  - Guidelines for the practice of registered nurses in licensed health care agencies
      May 1985.

PMID- 3849098
TI  - Fly-in outer coast nurse.

PMID- 3849099
TI  - Liaison nurse helps relieve the anguish.

PMID- 3849100
TI  - Support growing for legislation project.

PMID- 3849101
TI  - RN provides health care link for island residents.

PMID- 3849103
TI  - Leadership in action.

PMID- 3849102
TI  - Independent nurse practitioner--a case study.

PMID- 3849105
TI  - Qualities that make a preceptor.

PMID- 3849104
TI  - A process of role transition: nursing students in a clinical preceptorship.

PMID- 3849106
TI  - Picking up the pieces. The Grange Inquiry.

PMID- 3849107
TI  - A call to arms.

PMID- 3849108
TI  - Rattling the health care cage.

PMID- 3849109
TI  - Antibiotic treatment of infectious peritonitis in chronic peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Antibiotic treatment of infectious peritonitis was evaluated in 97 primary
      episodes registered among 66 patients treated with chronic intermittent
      peritoneal dialysis over a 3-year period. 87% of the cases could be treated with
      antibiotics of low toxicity. The chance of continuing peritoneal dialysis after
      treatment of peritonitis was better among out-patients than among hospitalized
      patients. The overall continuance rate was 90%. Relapse of the primary infection
      occurred in 10% of the cases and was associated with a treatment duration shorter
      than 2 weeks. Superinfection occurred in 5% of the cases. In 15% the dialysis
      catheters had to be replaced, due primarily to problems of dialysis technique.
      Death during active peritonitis occurred in 4% of the cases and was associated
      with severe underlying diseases or complications, such as intestinal perforation
      and intraperitoneal abscess formation. Side effects attributable to antibiotic
      treatment occurred in 13% of the cases, the most common side effect being self
      limiting diarrhoea.

PMID- 3849111
TI  - A review of the spinal injury learning series.

PMID- 3849110
TI  - Patient education programs.

PMID- 3849112
TI  - The psychiatric SCI patient.

PMID- 3849114
TI  - [Pitfalls in auscultatory blood pressure determination].

PMID- 3849113
TI  - [Kallikrein-kinin system of the blood in peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3849115
TI  - [Administration of drugs through the skin].

PMID- 3849116
TI  - [One should close a section of Middelfart for improved care. Interview by Helle
      Kastholm Hansen].

PMID- 3849117
TI  - [Psychiatry. Restraints will always be cheaper than salaries. Interview by Helle
      Kastholm Hansen].

PMID- 3849118
TI  - [Executive Board. Nurses' employment better than ever].

PMID- 3849119
TI  - [Board of Health. New and revised information on head lice in schools].

PMID- 3849120
TI  - [Death and dying. Resolve the lack of frankness surrounding autopsy].

PMID- 3849121
TI  - [Do community health nurses cooperate in complying with WHO's health strategy?].

PMID- 3849123
TI  - [Home nurses often have little knowledge about patients].

PMID- 3849122
TI  - [Emigrants' children are a group at risk as far as nutrition is concerned].

PMID- 3849124
TI  - [Pressure sores. Many heel and buttock sores are avoidable].

PMID- 3849125
TI  - [Drugs in acute heart disease. 1].

PMID- 3849126
TI  - [Reitgjerdet--a tragedy in psychiatry. Treatment is more like punishment and
      oppression. Interview by Peter Hjorth].

PMID- 3849128
TI  - [Discussion on territory of vital interest to nursing].

PMID- 3849127
TI  - [Health policy. WHO charges us to think differently].

PMID- 3849129
TI  - [Health policy. How can we establish supportive health education?. Interview by
      Ulla Danielsen].

PMID- 3849130
TI  - [Health policy. How can we reinforce collaboration in health care delivery?].

PMID- 3849131
TI  - [Radioactivity. No ground for panic in the treatment of radioactive injuries].

PMID- 3849132
TI  - [Ambulance system. OLA-ambulances with nurses save 81 with heart arrest.
      Interview by Peter Hjorth].

PMID- 3849133
TI  - [Heart-lung resuscitation. Massive campaign to save lives in heart arrest.
      Interview by Peter Hjorth].

PMID- 3849134
TI  - [Management structure. New, "audacious" thoughts in committee's report are quite
      superficial. Interview by Helle Kastholm Hansen].

PMID- 3849135
TI  - [Reitgjerdet--a tragedy in psychiatry. A human society riddled with anxiety
      conflicts].

PMID- 3849136
TI  - [The best proof of interest in the new technology].

PMID- 3849138
TI  - [Status document. Nurses' professional domain. Danish Nursing Council February
      1985].

PMID- 3849137
TI  - [Education. A matter of both craft and practice discipline].

PMID- 3849139
TI  - [Discussion needs leadership in primary health care].

PMID- 3849140
TI  - [Executive Board. New arrangement does not mean a lower professional level].

PMID- 3849141
TI  - [Death and dying. Need for better care and nursing of the dying].

PMID- 3849142
TI  - [Negotiation status 1985. Nursing going along in protest against legal
      interference].

PMID- 3849143
TI  - [Psychiatry. Patients realize that staff too has its strong and weak sides].

PMID- 3849144
TI  - [Death and the dying. Health visitor's role in families when infants die].

PMID- 3849145
TI  - [Nursing. Open kardex is a question of human opinion].

PMID- 3849146
TI  - [Negotiations 1985. 60 delegations in protest against parliamentary committee].

PMID- 3849147
TI  - [Negotiations 1985. Contents of law package with conflicts].

PMID- 3849148
TI  - [Education's side at the university remains a lever for the profession].

PMID- 3849149
TI  - [Reitgjerdet--a tragedy in psychiatry. Society's heavy responsibility for the
      impoverished hospital].

PMID- 3849150
TI  - [Competence. Proof of instruction without value at other places of work].

PMID- 3849151
TI  - [Nursing home field. Development project implied radical attitude change].

PMID- 3849152
TI  - [Health policy. Ill-advised to reduce primary prevention].

PMID- 3849153
TI  - [Health visitors can function as consultants in health].

PMID- 3849154
TI  - [Provokes not just a little but doesn't turn out any discussion].

PMID- 3849155
TI  - [Deaconesses are what you make them to be].

PMID- 3849156
TI  - [Reitgjerdet--a tragedy in psychiatry. A hospital which causes and maintains
      illness].

PMID- 3849157
TI  - [Regulations for handling hazardous substances 5 years underway].

PMID- 3849158
TI  - [Children in hospital. Successful fresh thinking in work with cancer-stricken
      children].

PMID- 3849160
TI  - [Prevention of accidents with chemical household products].

PMID- 3849159
TI  - [Better conditions for nursing mothers in the labor market].

PMID- 3849161
TI  - [Reactions reflecting broad contact between representative and county board].

PMID- 3849162
TI  - [How do we still dress our patients?].

PMID- 3849163
TI  - [Experiences with equal teaching responsibility for students and teachers].

PMID- 3849165
TI  - [Attempt to inform all relatives precisely regardless of education].

PMID- 3849164
TI  - [Health care activities in developing countries. Course on tropical medicine and
      hygiene].

PMID- 3849166
TI  - [Reitgjerdet--a tragedy in psychiatry. A nursing professional and administrator
      for low standards. Interview by Peter Hjorth].

PMID- 3849167
TI  - [Psychotherapy. Psychological game disclosed by transactional analysis].

PMID- 3849168
TI  - [Drugs in acute heart disease. 2].

PMID- 3849169
TI  - [Scoundrels in our psychiatry].

PMID- 3849170
TI  - [WHO. Nurses must cooperate in changes].

PMID- 3849171
TI  - [Nursing and psychotherapy seen in context].

PMID- 3849172
TI  - [Psychotherapy. Optimism is the basis of gestalt therapy].

PMID- 3849173
TI  - [The preventive function in an indistinct job].

PMID- 3849174
TI  - [Care for the elderly. Many residents but do you know the person behind the
      individual?].

PMID- 3849175
TI  - [Care for the aged. Why do the elderly change their sleeping habits in the
      nursing home?].

PMID- 3849176
TI  - [Amnesty. Nurses should participate in the fight against torture].

PMID- 3849177
TI  - [Pain treatment. Systematized education in epidural pain treatment].

PMID- 3849178
TI  - [Nursing's role and goal in psychiatry].

PMID- 3849179
TI  - [Negotiations 85. A permanent need for parallel wage development].

PMID- 3849180
TI  - [Negligence and irresponsibility in the Middelfart affair].

PMID- 3849181
TI  - [The right way of warming is the alpha and omega in cold and frost injuries].

PMID- 3849182
TI  - [Institutionalized persons should be protected with a compulsory ombudsman].

PMID- 3849184
TI  - Minimum employment standards for registered nurses.

PMID- 3849183
TI  - Nurse practitioner rights addressed by legal counsel.

PMID- 3849185
TI  - [Ideal or reality? Characteristics of self care within nursing assistance].

PMID- 3849186
TI  - [Putting a patient who can walk in a wheelchair, is that allowed? Determining the
      urgency of self care activities].

PMID- 3849187
TI  - [Creating conditions for self care via work organization].

PMID- 3849188
TI  - [Nursing: professionally-directed support of self care].

PMID- 3849189
TI  - [The concept of self care and professional attitude].

PMID- 3849190
TI  - [Prevention of decubitus. Text and explanation of the consensus workshop].

PMID- 3849191
TI  - [The Standing Committee Nursing: its end and its beginning].

PMID- 3849192
TI  - [The homeless and provision of health services. III. The organization of care for
      the homeless. On admission and care of residents and transients].

PMID- 3849193
TI  - [The derailed brain. Delirium in the general hospital].

PMID- 3849194
TI  - [Documentation of nursing processes. Facets of a practice theory (I)].

PMID- 3849195
TI  - [Nursing: wish or reality?].

PMID- 3849196
TI  - [Dehydration: gentler than many realize].

PMID- 3849197
TI  - [Shaping of a profile. One profession 2 kinds of professional education?].

PMID- 3849198
TI  - [Involuntary commitment: therapy or confinement?].

PMID- 3849199
TI  - [The new matrices VP and P. Developments in the methods and systems of nursing].

PMID- 3849200
TI  - [Blood pressure monitoring, an aid and not a goal in itself].

PMID- 3849201
TI  - [Services for mentally retarded in the Netherlands].

PMID- 3849202
TI  - [2 years as patient ombudsman in psychiatry].

PMID- 3849203
TI  - [The renewed content of the nursing process. Developments in the methods and
      systems of nursing (I)].

PMID- 3849204
TI  - [AIDS: a new task field for nurses].

PMID- 3849206
TI  - [Commercialization: an increasing phenomenon in health care].

PMID- 3849207
TI  - [This is how patients can feel. If only I could talk].

PMID- 3849205
TI  - [A diversified job. Group leader in the Dr Henri van der Hoeven hospital].

PMID- 3849208
TI  - A surgical option for morbid obesity: vertical banding gastroplasty.

PMID- 3849209
TI  - Using power in the OR.

PMID- 3849211
TI  - Yesterday's O.R.

PMID- 3849210
TI  - Meeting demands for qualified O.R. nurses.

PMID- 3849212
TI  - [Effect of cadmium ions on the rate of the tRNA aminoacylation reaction].
AB  - Cadmium ions are studied for their effect on the reaction rate of tRNA
      aminoacylation which was carried out using overall preparations of aminoacyl-tRNA
      synthetases (ARSases) isolated from muscles of male rabbits and from three-day
      pea seedling roots. Cadmium in the concentration of 3 X 10(-5) M is established
      to accelerate the reaction rate two times as compared to the norm. Other bivalent
      cations of metals lack this ability.

PMID- 3849214
TI  - The rationale for modern chiropractic treatment.

PMID- 3849215
TI  - The massage connection.

PMID- 3849213
TI  - [Indicators of the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood in patients with
      recurrent rheumocarditis and circulatory insufficiency].

PMID- 3849216
TI  - People need nursing ... but who will provide it?

PMID- 3849217
TI  - Self-destructive patterns: implications for nursing.

PMID- 3849218
TI  - Geriatric secondment--a learning experience?

PMID- 3849219
TI  - [Pools: the professional doesn't care. The profession: you will hear from us].

PMID- 3849220
TI  - [100,000 Goteburgers will learn how to save lives. Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3849221
TI  - [New working environment program. A manual on chemical substances].

PMID- 3849222
TI  - [Thousands of people need Inga-Lill's help. Interview by Eva-Li Johansson].

PMID- 3849223
TI  - [Getting education for permanent relief worker in Uppsala].

PMID- 3849224
TI  - [Dialysis accident: guilty verdict shocks SHSTF].

PMID- 3849226
TI  - [Severe criticism of dialysis system in unbiased statement].

PMID- 3849225
TI  - [Dialysis accident: work colleagues' patience worn out. We want a new dialysis
      system now].

PMID- 3849227
TI  - [Worn out in pools. Elina is sick of working in pools. I am tired of being the
      one who never can. Interview by Inger Lernevall].

PMID- 3849228
TI  - [Occupational health service should investigate how badly pool nurses feel].

PMID- 3849229
TI  - [In spite of the new psychiatric education custodians will educate themselves].

PMID- 3849230
TI  - [The need for information about incest increasing--Lena works full-time to visit
      all those interested].

PMID- 3849231
TI  - [Incest: the most harmful form of child abuse].

PMID- 3849233
TI  - [Cytology assistants' education threatened with discontinuation "that would be a
      disaster"].

PMID- 3849232
TI  - [People have both body and soul, and the whole is more than a sum of its parts].

PMID- 3849235
TI  - [Work with abusers in Huddinge successful venture: we saved nothing but it is a
      step on the way. Interview by Anita Wilden].

PMID- 3849234
TI  - [AIDS is no work environment risk with the correct protective measures].

PMID- 3849236
TI  - [SHSTF in letter to the Minister of Health Care: important questions overlooked
      in report on safety].

PMID- 3849237
TI  - [Marianne, nurse and research assistant--we must have great respect for patients.
      Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3849238
TI  - [Health University in Linkoping: comprehensive viewpoint gets generally accepted
      when physicians and nurses meet in education].

PMID- 3849239
TI  - [Karlskoga: closed because of lack of physicians].

PMID- 3849240
TI  - [Lack of long-term planning: Summer worse than many a year. Interview by Jan
      Thomasson].

PMID- 3849241
TI  - [Dramatic exercise in mountain rescue].

PMID- 3849242
TI  - [Licensing or not of assistants? The National Social Welfare Board still
      hesitating].

PMID- 3849243
TI  - [SHSTF refutes criticism on poor technology: "education is satisfactory".
      Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3849244
TI  - [Red Cross and Ersta left behind when Sophiahemmet closes].

PMID- 3849245
TI  - [Long-term care nurses are fed up: we want to have 2 on duty in the evening and
      on weekends].

PMID- 3849246
TI  - [A week in Nigeria].

PMID- 3849247
TI  - [How much coercion is needed in psychiatry?].

PMID- 3849248
TI  - [Let us talk pensions!].

PMID- 3849249
TI  - [Solveig Bergstrom, nurse administrator: a good chief for a staff which performs
      well. Interview by Anita Widen].

PMID- 3849250
TI  - [SHSTF's lawyer writes on responsibility questions: many laws control health
      care].

PMID- 3849252
TI  - [Swedish nurse: the fight for human rights concerns health workers the world
      over. Interview by Anita Widen].

PMID- 3849251
TI  - [Equality in the future: can single children get men to come home?. Interview by
      Anita Widen].

PMID- 3849253
TI  - [Spri (Health Care Planning and Rationalization Institute) project on staffing:
      coordination is loose].

PMID- 3849254
TI  - [Gunilla says no to the new nurse's role. Interview by Inger Lernevall].

PMID- 3849255
TI  - [49 out of 60 nurses give notice in protest].

PMID- 3849256
TI  - [In Smaland's forest lies the refugees' first home in Sweden. Interview by Inger
      Lernevall].

PMID- 3849257
TI  - Preceptorship over three years, it really works! (Part two).

PMID- 3849258
TI  - Multiple cerebral thrombosis in Fletcher factor (prekallikrein) deficiency: a
      case report.
AB  - Despite markedly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) patients
      with Fletcher factor (prekallikrein) deficiency do not clinically bleed. However,
      there is one reported case of myocardial infarction associated with prekallikrein
      deficiency. These clinical observations suggest that the contact mechanism has a
      minor role in normal in vivo hemostatic function. We report a further two cases
      of prekallikrein deficiency in Caucasian siblings. The propositus presented with
      multiple cerebral thrombosis. Cautious anticoagulation resulted in massive
      cerebral hemorrhage and death of this patient. The sibling was investigated in an
      attempt to establish a possible defective fibrinolytic pathway in vivo. New
      sensitive tests for fibrinolysis were used. These included radioimmunoassay of
      fibrin degradation product "D," B beta 15-42, and in vitro 125I-labelled fibrin
      lysis assays. The plasma half-life of prekallikrein in this patient was
      calculated to be 58 hr. Family studies of heterozygotes were also performed.
      Prekallikrein deficiency is found not to be important in normal in vivo
      fibrinolysis, which possibly operates via tissue or vessel wall fibrinolytic
      activator release.

PMID- 3849260
TI  - Emerging role of cephalosporins in bacterial meningitis.
AB  - Since 1974, ampicillin and chloramphenicol have been standard therapeutic agents
      for initial treatment of bacterial meningitis occurring after the newborn period.
      Emerging problems necessitate a reappraisal and a search for alternatives to
      those drugs. The problems include the following: (1) Some strains of pneumococci
      (between 3 and 16 percent) are relatively resistant, with minimal inhibitory
      concentrations between 0.1 and 1.0 microgram/ml) to penicillin G and ampicillin.
      Such strains are not eradicated from the cerebrospinal fluid by the usual dosages
      of penicillin G or ampicillin. (2) Some strains of Hemophilus influenzae type B
      are resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol by virtue of beta-lactamase and
      acetyltransferase production. Such strains are currently rare in the United
      States, but it has been predicted that they might account for as many as one
      quarter of the isolates within a few years. (In Barcelona, Spain, their
      prevalence is 18 percent.) (3) Patients with meningitis often receive
      phenobarbital or phenytoin. Those drugs, and others metabolized by the liver, can
      significantly affect the pharmacology of chloramphenicol and result in either
      subtherapeutic or toxic concentrations of chloramphenicol in some patients. (4)
      For a variety of reasons, neither ampicillin plus gentamicin nor ampicillin plus
      chloramphenicol is an ideal combination for infants between one and four months
      of age when etiologic agents include coliform bacilli and group B streptococci,
      as well as Hemophilus, pneumococci, and meningococci. First-generation
      cephalosporins were unsuitable for the treatment of meningitis because of their
      low concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid in relation to the bactericidal
      concentrations required for the common pathogens. Several of the newer
      cephalosporins achieve therapeutic concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and,
      in the case of three cephalosporin derivatives (cefuroxime, cefotaxime, and
      moxalactam), large, controlled clinical trials have demonstrated activity
      comparable to that of standard therapy. Limited experience suggests that several
      other cephalosporins (e.g., ceftizoxime, ceftazidime) will be shown to be
      effective when more experience is gained. Furthermore, the use of these drugs,
      with the exception of moxalactam, which has insufficient activity against gram
      positive cocci, obviates the four problems just cited.

PMID- 3849259
TI  - Three-year experience with amikacin sulfate as an exclusive surgical
      aminoglycoside in a large acute-care hospital.
AB  - Aminoglycosides have important roles as perioperative adjunctive antibiotics in
      the surgical management of peritonitis. In the past, most surgeons have used
      gentamicin in combination with a drug aimed at intraperitoneal anaerobic
      pathogens, either clindamycin or metronidazole. Amikacin has been traditionally
      reserved for culture-proved infections due to gram-negative organisms resistant
      to gentamicin or other aminoglycosides. At the Minneapolis Veterans
      Administration Medical Center, a worrisome incidence of gentamicin-resistant
      hospital isolates led to a decision to make amikacin the exclusive, routine
      surgical aminoglycoside for all abdominal infections, as well as all hospital
      acquired infections in surgical patients involving gram-negative aerobes and
      requiring parenteral therapy. This report describes the resultant three-year
      experience with amikacin in surgical patients. Data from four research studies
      involving these patients suggest that exclusive amikacin use has not led to the
      emergence of amikacin-resistant organisms or to significant nephrotoxicity.
      Amikacin use in surgical patients is supported in hospital environments where
      gentamicin resistance is judged to be a significant clinical risk factor.

PMID- 3849261
TI  - What suction pressure should I use?

PMID- 3849262
TI  - Readers react to 'female circumcision'.

PMID- 3849263
TI  - Incident reports: for your eyes only?

PMID- 3849264
TI  - The man who wrote too much.

PMID- 3849265
TI  - The ups and downs of diabetic coma.

PMID- 3849266
TI  - To the ones left behind.

PMID- 3849268
TI  - Code for nurses with interpretive statements.

PMID- 3849267
TI  - Facts about nursing 84-85.

PMID- 3849269
TI  - Comparison of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus
      aureus bacteremia.
AB  - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become endemic in Detroit,
      accounting for 50% of bacteremias in heroin abusers. To identify the salient
      epidemiologic and clinical features of MRSA bacteremia, case-control studies were
      performed comparing 28 cases of MRSA bacteremia to 28 cases of methicillin
      sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) bacteremia in intravenous drug abusers. Infective
      endocarditis was diagnosed in 46.4% (13 of 28). In endocarditis and
      nonendocarditis bacteremia alike, the duration of fever, length of
      hospitalization, need for surgery, and mortality rates were similar. A history of
      recent antimicrobial therapy, especially cephalosporins, was more common in the
      MRSA group (p = 0.006). Complications including neurologic, renal, vascular, and
      musculoskeletal manifestations were more common in the MSSA endocarditis patients
      than MRSA endocarditis patients, although this difference was not significant.
      Complications related to antibiotic therapy were similar for both groups. The
      case-control studies indicate that MRSA and MSSA are similar in their virulence
      as measured by duration of hospitalization, duration of fever, complications, and
      mortality.

PMID- 3849271
TI  - Salmonella typhi carrier state 52 years after illness with typhoid fever: a case
      study.

PMID- 3849270
TI  - An outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus eradicated from a
      large teaching hospital.

PMID- 3849272
TI  - Rubella screening and vaccination follow-up by a hospital employee health office.
AB  - The data in the present study indicate two major points. One is that the facility
      under question has an unusually low rate of rubella susceptibility. The other is
      that the referral of seronegative employees to an outside agency for vaccination
      (in this case the local CHD) is not nearly as effective, with respect to employee
      compliance, as an in-house program. Despite the added immediate cost to the
      hospital for administering the vaccine, the possibility of employee-to-patient
      transmission of the rubella virus poses the threat of a much higher future cost.
      It is suggested that facilities that do not currently have an in-house rubella
      vaccination program should reevaluate the effectiveness of their programs.

PMID- 3849273
TI  - Update from the SENIC project. Hospital infection control: recent progress and
      opportunities under prospective payment.
AB  - From a survey of all U.S. hospitals in 1976 and of a random sample in 1983, we
      found that the intensity of infection surveillance and control activities greatly
      increased, and the percentage of hospitals with an infection control nurse per
      250 beds increased from 22% to 57%. The percentage with a physician trained in
      infection control remained low (15%), and there was a drop in the percentages of
      hospitals doing surgical wound infection surveillance (from 90% down to 79%) and
      reporting surgeon-specific rates to surgeons (from 19% down to 13%). There was an
      increase in the percentage of hospitals with programs shown to be effective in
      preventing urinary tract infections, bacteremias, and pneumonias, but not
      surgical wound infections. The percentage of nosocomial infections being
      prevented nationwide appears to have increased from 6% to only 9%, whereas 32%
      could be prevented if all hospitals adopted the most effective programs.

PMID- 3849274
TI  - Infectious endocarditis caused by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.
AB  - Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a very uncommon cause of infectious
      endocarditis. The organism was first described in 1912. Thjotta and Sydnes
      reported its isolation in pure culture from a long standing abscess which had
      developed after tooth extraction. Subsequently this organism was found to be part
      of the normal flora, and the organism was defined as a slow growing, fastidious
      gram negative bacillus. Carbon dioxide is essential for the growth of A.
      actinomycetemcomitans. Approximately 50 cases of endocarditis due to A.
      actinomycetemcomitans have been reported since the first case reported in 1964.
      The purpose of this report is to document a case of endocarditis due to A.
      actinomycetemcomitans and to stress the value of the echocardiogram in the
      assessment of patients with endocarditis.

PMID- 3849275
TI  - Nurse delegates of 57 nations chart firm direction for ICN.

PMID- 3849276
TI  - Managing health care delivery is focus of international meeting.

PMID- 3849277
TI  - Nurses can spark social change, say ICN speakers.

PMID- 3849278
TI  - ICN adopts Styles report on regulation.

PMID- 3849279
TI  - World view may reveal ways to improve health care.

PMID- 3849280
TI  - Effect of combined human neutrophil cathepsin G and elastase on induction of
      secretory cell metaplasia and emphysema in hamsters, with in vitro observations
      on elastolysis by these enzymes.
AB  - To determine whether purified human neutrophil cathepsin G (Cat-G) can act by
      itself or in concert with purified human neutrophil elastase (HNE) in the
      induction of emphysema and bronchial secretory cell metaplasia (SCM), we gave
      golden Syrian hamsters 100 micrograms of HNE alone or in combination with either
      100 or 200 micrograms of Cat-G. Other groups of animals received intratracheal
      doses of up to 600 micrograms of Cat-G alone. The severity of emphysema was
      determined from measurements of lung volumes, compliance, forced expiratory flow,
      and the mean linear intercept. The severity of SCM in the main airways was graded
      on sections stained by the alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff reaction. The Cat
      G was a weak inducer of SCM; significant SCM was produced by 400 and 600
      micrograms but not by 100 or 200 micrograms or 200 micrograms of Cat-G. The Cat-G
      (100 and 200 micrograms) did not potentiate the SCM induced by 100 micrograms of
      HNE. The Cat-G alone did not produce emphysema, and neither 100 nor 200
      micrograms of Cat-G potentiated the mild emphysema induced by 100 micrograms of
      HNE. These results were not consonant with a report that Cat-G and HNE were
      synergistic in solubilizing human lung elastin. We therefore measured the ability
      of Cat-G and HNE to solubilize several radiolabeled elastins. The combination of
      Cat-G and HNE did not solubilize significantly more hamster lung elastin (23%)
      than the sum of their individual activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3849281
TI  - Influence of combined therapy with mevinolin and interruption of bile-acid
      reabsorption on low density lipoproteins in heterozygous familial
      hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - Patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia have a 50% deficiency of
      receptors for plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL) that induces a marked
      increase in plasma LDL levels. Two therapeutic measures that seem to increase the
      synthesis of LDL receptors are interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of
      bile acids with either bile-acid sequestrants or the ileal-exclusion operation,
      and competitive inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
      with mevinolin or compactin. To determine the effectiveness of this combination
      and the mechanisms of lowering LDL levels, we measured turnover rates of LDL
      apoprotein (apo-LDL) before and during treatment with mevinolin and colestipol in
      eight patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Drug therapy
      reduced LDL cholesterol levels by an average of 52%; this response was due to a
      40% increase in fractional catabolic rate of apo-LDL and a 26% decrease in its
      production rate. A similar response was obtained in two patients who had
      previously had an ileal-exclusion operation for severe hypercholesterolemia and
      who were treated with mevinolin.

PMID- 3849282
TI  - Freestanding centers look beyond growth of early years.

PMID- 3849283
TI  - Final regulations issued on "Baby Doe' and PROs.

PMID- 3849284
TI  - Operating room managers play an important role in purchase decisions.

PMID- 3849285
TI  - Newspapers and nursing. The print media image of perioperative nurses.

PMID- 3849286
TI  - Cutaneous melanoma. Diagnosis and surgical intervention.

PMID- 3849287
TI  - A personal story about malignant melanoma. The impact of one OR nurse.

PMID- 3849288
TI  - Quality assurance. A design for perioperative nurses.

PMID- 3849289
TI  - The OR educator's role. Strategies for success.

PMID- 3849291
TI  - The very old and frail elderly.

PMID- 3849290
TI  - The use of community health concepts in home health care practice.

PMID- 3849292
TI  - Professionalism: some personal thoughts.

PMID- 3849293
TI  - All through the night.

PMID- 3849294
TI  - The emphasis shifts to shiftwork.

PMID- 3849295
TI  - Malignant melanoma: the sunburnt country's dilemma.

PMID- 3849296
TI  - Good intentions may go up in smoke.

PMID- 3849297
TI  - Laxatives. Part one.

PMID- 3849298
TI  - Enhancing education at ward level.

PMID- 3849299
TI  - A recent look at obesity.

PMID- 3849300
TI  - The sociology of suicide.

PMID- 3849301
TI  - Don't get lost in a white-out.

PMID- 3849302
TI  - The tax man cometh.

PMID- 3849304
TI  - Monitoring CVP.

PMID- 3849303
TI  - I am brain damaged.

PMID- 3849305
TI  - The moments of truth amid havoc.

PMID- 3849306
TI  - Nurse and the law. 'Unspeakable' sensitivities.

PMID- 3849307
TI  - Preventing child abuse.

PMID- 3849308
TI  - Standards for nursing administration. A team approach to implementation.

PMID- 3849309
TI  - Anionic inhibitors of pancreatic and leukocyte elastase. Alkylamides of 3
      carboxypropionyl- and 4-carboxybutyrylalanine peptides.
AB  - Low-molecular inhibitors of pancreatic and leukocyte elastase were synthesized of
      the general formula X-[Ala]n-A [X = Suc and Glt, A = ethylamide, n = 1, 2, 3 and
      4; for n = 2 X = H and A = (2-phenylethyl)amide] and of the formula X-[Ala]3-A (X
      = H, Suc and Glt, A = methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, isopropyl-, butyl-, isobutyl-, (2
      phenylethyl)- and diethylamide; for A = ethylamide, X = maleyl or acetyl).
      Inhibition constants Ki of these pancreatic and leukocyte elastase inhibitors
      were determined using the chromogenic substrates Suc-[Ala]4-Nan or Glt-[Ala]4-Nan
      and Glt-[Ala]3-Val-Nan, respectively. The series of anionic inhibitors containing
      three alanine residues has the best inhibitory properties. Of the acyl groups, 4
      carboxybutyryl appears most advantageous, propylamide is the most suitable of
      alkylamides for pancreatic elastase, and isobutylamide for leukocyte elastase.
      Peptides containing a free amino group show an inhibition for pancreatic elastase
      lower by one order than that of the corresponding acylated derivatives. Glt
      [Ala]3-NH-Pr is the best inhibitor of pancreatic elastase with Ki = 0.003mM and
      Suc-[Ala]3-NH-iBu is the best inhibitor of leukocyte elastase with Ki = 0.7mM.

PMID- 3849310
TI  - Basic nurse education in the A. C. T.--hospital or college based?

PMID- 3849311
TI  - Clinical supervision in nurse education: some parallels with teacher education.

PMID- 3849312
TI  - The history and politics of legislation of nursing status.

PMID- 3849313
TI  - The nursing curriculum and knowledge of most worth.

PMID- 3849314
TI  - [Method for determining kallikrein of tissue origin in blood plasma and its
      clinical significance].
AB  - Based on a study of the kininogenase activity of the total plasma kallikrein in
      the presence of 3 concentrations of the soybean inhibitor trypsin (0.5, 1.0, 10.0
      micrograms/ml) one can measure at a time the activity of tissue kallikrein
      (without specifying the source) and the activity of 3 forms of plasma kallikrein,
      including its adsorption on kaolin that characterizes the conformational
      structure of the enzyme. Examination of 10 healthy subjects and 136 patients
      revealed a 10 to 20-fold increase in the content of tissue kallikrein in plasma
      of 70% of diabetes mellitus patients and a 2.5 to 3-fold elevation in 50% of
      patients with chronic occupational bronchitis, and in 30% of patients suffering
      from chronic hepatitis. The method suggested makes it possible to have a better
      insight into the physiological and pathogenetic role of the kinin system and may
      be used for laboratory control over the treatment efficacy.

PMID- 3849315
TI  - The effect of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on iron metabolism.
AB  - Chronic administration of hypercalcemic doses of 1 alpha, 25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol to intact, vitamin-D repleted rats for 4 weeks, enhanced
      net intestinal absorption of iron and liver iron stores. Daily net iron and
      calcium absorptions were found to be significantly correlated in both control and
      treated rats. In duodenal loop experiments, pretreatment with 1 alpha, 25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol reversed the adverse effect of high Ca/Fe ratio on iron
      absorption. The increased intestinal absorption of iron did not result in a
      change of serum iron levels nor of total iron binding capacity due to the
      enhanced incorporation of absorbed iron into liver ferritin. The curve of uptake
      of 59Fe into circulating red cells of treated rats suggested retarded release of
      the isotope from stores. The hypothesis is advanced that the systemic metabolic
      defect (tissue hypoxia, raised erythropoietin levels) produced by 1 alpha, 25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol is responsible for the disruption of the physiological
      coordination between iron stores and intestinal absorption.

PMID- 3849316
TI  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) Iserlohn and G6PD Regensburg: two new
      severe enzyme defects in German families.
AB  - Two new inheritable variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase have been found
      in two unrelated German families. Patients with one variant (G6PD Iserlohn, also
      referred to as G6PD I) suffered from intermittent hemolytic crises caused by fava
      beans; patients with the other variant (G6PD Regensburg, G6PD II) disclosed
      chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia aggravated by drug treatment. Due to
      their unusual biochemical characteristics, the new variants were designated G6PD
      Iserlohn and G6PD Regensburg. Both variants showed a reduction of enzyme activity
      to about 6% of the normal in erythrocytes, normal electrophoretic mobility,
      increased affinity for glucose-6-phosphate, a reduced affinity for NADP and a pH
      optimum in the neutral region (7.0 and 7.5). G6PD Iserlohn had a decreased
      affinity for the inhibitor NADPH; G6PD Regensburg had a normal inhibitor
      constant. Deamino NADP was utilized at an increased rate by G6PD Regensburg. G6PD
      Iserlohn was thermostable, G6PD Regensburg mildly instable. G6PD activity in
      leukocytes was normal in G6PD Iserlohn and reduced to the same degree as in
      erythrocytets in G6PD Regensburg. The cause of the decreased activity of G6PD
      Iserlohn appears to be in vivo instability; in G6PD Regensburg further mechanisms
      might include reduced specific activity or reduced synthesis of the variant
      enzyme.

PMID- 3849317
TI  - Platelet-adjusted IFN dosage in the treatment of advanced hairy cell leukemia.
AB  - It has been demonstrated that hairy cell leukemia (HCL) can be efficiently
      treated by various preparations of alpha interferons (IFN). Nevertheless, there
      are several open questions, such as the route, mode and dosage of IFN
      application. These variables of IFN treatment may be critical since a
      myelosuppressive effect of IFN, which is commonly seen in the initial phase of
      treatment, can result in further deterioration of the already impaired platelet
      production in advanced HCL. The present study shows that serious side effects can
      be avoided and the flu-like syndromes described by others almost completely
      reduced by s.c. application of IFN via a portable pump during a daily 8 h period.
      IFN is initially given five times a week and the daily dose is adjusted according
      to the actual platelet count. The efficiency controls show that the increase of
      platelets in the peripheral blood, which is most critical in advanced HCL, may be
      seen earlier by this than by other protocols, which usually recommend higher
      daily doses of IFN and only three instead of five weekly applications.

PMID- 3849319
TI  - Annual congress of the Austrian and German Societies of Hematology and Oncology.
      Vienna, October 6-9, 1985.

PMID- 3849318
TI  - Cellular cytotoxicity mediated by granule-depleted neutrophil cytoplasts.
AB  - Neutrophil-derived nucleus-and granule-free cytoplasts, consisting of cytosol
      enclosed by an intact plasma membrane, were able to destroy 51Cr-labelled ox red
      blood cells (ORBC) in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The slope
      of the target cell lysis vs the log of the cytoplast number was similar to that
      observed with neutrophils as effector cells. Nevertheless, a number of cytoplasts
      60-80 times higher than that of neutrophils was required to obtain a common level
      of cytotoxicity. The ability of cytoplasts and neutrophils to lyse ORBC was
      completely abolished by catalase and unaffected by superoxide dismutase and
      mannitol, suggesting the involvement of hydrogen peroxide in the target cell
      damage. Addition of myeloperoxidase (MPO) to cytoplasts increased lysis. The MPO
      lysis by cytoplasts, except when experiments were carried out in the presence of
      MPO. The results indicate that neutrophil cytosol and plasma membrane represent
      the basic requirement for the PMA-dependent cytolytic process, whereas MPO
      behaves as a device to amplify lysis.

PMID- 3849320
TI  - RN Days puts zip into learning.

PMID- 3849321
TI  - Titling and credentialings of nursing personnel.

PMID- 3849322
TI  - Biologic health hazards: AIDS and hepatitis B.

PMID- 3849323
TI  - Working poor lack medical assistance.

PMID- 3849324
TI  - Three thousand nurses attend international congress.

PMID- 3849325
TI  - The staff nurse as peer educator--preceptorship on the unit.

PMID- 3849326
TI  - Computerization--the experts say it's working. Interview by Leo Charbonneau.

PMID- 3849327
TI  - Equal pay for work of equal value.

PMID- 3849328
TI  - Smoking or health: how long can nurses ignore the facts?

PMID- 3849330
TI  - The nurse as a generator of ideas. Can you choose a good research question?

PMID- 3849329
TI  - Primary nursing: a program for change.

PMID- 3849331
TI  - Organ procurement in Canada.

PMID- 3849332
TI  - Targets for infection: institutionalized elderly.

PMID- 3849333
TI  - The locking nail.

PMID- 3849334
TI  - Wound care.

PMID- 3849335
TI  - Hope and wholeness. A true story based on one woman's experience with cancer.

PMID- 3849336
TI  - The birthing process: where should the emphasis be?

PMID- 3849337
TI  - Insights on how to quit smoking: a survey of patients with lung cancer.

PMID- 3849338
TI  - Cancer, anxiety, and quality of life.

PMID- 3849339
TI  - Oncology clients' affective states and their nurses' expectations of clients'
      affective states.

PMID- 3849340
TI  - Helping women to choose breast cancer treatment alternatives.

PMID- 3849341
TI  - The primary, secondary, and tertiary nursing interventions of lymphedema.

PMID- 3849342
TI  - Cancer prevention and detection. Lung cancer. Programmed instruction.

PMID- 3849343
TI  - Malpractice crisis continues--part two.

PMID- 3849344
TI  - Reversibility of cyclization of the Tetrahymena rRNA intervening sequence:
      implication for the mechanism of splice site choice.
AB  - The Tetrahymena rRNA intervening sequence (IVS) excises itself from the pre-rRNA
      and then mediates its own cyclization. We now find that certain di- and
      trinucleotides with free 3' hydroxyl groups reopen the circular IVS at the
      cyclization junction, producing a linear molecule with the oligonucleotide
      covalently attached to its 5' end. This linear molecule recyclizes with release
      of the added oligonucleotide. Thus the IVS RNA, like an enzyme, lowers the
      activation energy for both forward and reverse cleavage-ligation reactions.
      Certain combinations of pyrimidines are required for circle reopening. The most
      reactive oligonucleotide is UCU. This sequence resembles those preceding the
      major and minor cyclization sites in the linear IVS RNA (UUU and CCU) and the 5'
      splice site in the pre-rRNA (UCU). We propose that an oligopyrimidine binding
      site within the IVS binds the sequences upstream of each of these target sites
      for cleavage-ligation.

PMID- 3849345
TI  - [Gestrinone in the treatment of endometriosis].

PMID- 3849346
TI  - [Early signs of pulmonary encephalopathy and patient care].

PMID- 3849347
TI  - [Nursing of patients with tuberculous meningitis].

PMID- 3849348
TI  - [Status of nursing in rehabilitation medicine].

PMID- 3849349
TI  - [Clinical nursing of patients with heart failure treated by vasodilators].

PMID- 3849350
TI  - [Traditional Chinese medical care of patients with chronic nephritis].

PMID- 3849351
TI  - [How to write nursing records].

PMID- 3849352
TI  - [Nursing in the surgery of omental transplants to the brain].

PMID- 3849353
TI  - [Observations on patients' conditions after heart surgery].

PMID- 3849354
TI  - [Management of the respiratory tract after brain injury].

PMID- 3849355
TI  - [Emergency care of traumatic shock patients].

PMID- 3849356
TI  - [Nursing of pregnant women with severe hepatitis].

PMID- 3849357
TI  - [Care of advanced breast cancer patients treated by arterial intubation
      chemotherapy].

PMID- 3849358
TI  - [Nursing of gynecological patients treated by chemotherapy].

PMID- 3849359
TI  - [Symptoms of children during venous infusions].

PMID- 3849360
TI  - [Nursing of 98 children with toxic shock].

PMID- 3849361
TI  - [Avoidance of seasonal pyrogen reactions].

PMID- 3849363
TI  - Mammography today.

PMID- 3849362
TI  - Influence of oral contraceptives and pregnancy on constituents of the kallikrein
      kininogen system in plasma.
AB  - We measured kininogens of low and high molecular mass along with prokallikrein
      activity in plasma of women with a normal menstrual cycle. We observed no
      difference between results for the follicular and luteal phases. We assayed the
      same constituents in women who were taking oral contraceptives (combined
      estroprogestative) and found that activity of prokallikrein and concentrations of
      low- and high-molecular-mass kininogens were significantly increased. Lastly, we
      studied the components of the kallikrein-kininogen system during pregnancy. We
      also observed a marked increase in their concentrations in plasma, despite a
      decrease in total proteins. Specifically, prokallikrein and kininogens increase
      continuously with gestational age, reaching their maxima around the eighth month
      of pregnancy. At that time, more than 50% of observed results fall outside the
      normal reference interval. Our observations are even more striking when
      prokallikrein and kininogens are expressed in units per gram of total proteins,
      to account for the hemodilution. After delivery, the concentrations of
      prokallikrein and low- and high-molecular-mass kininogens decline promptly,
      returning to normal within three days.

PMID- 3849364
TI  - Microcalcifications in the breast--a blessing or a curse? A critical review.
AB  - 70-90% of the biopsies performed on account of microcalcifications on mammograms
      are unnecessary. Most of the time descriptions of diagnostic criteria are
      irrelevant and vague. It is confusing, that lobular carcinoma in situ is
      considered to be a real cancer, as happens frequently, and that histologically
      dissimilar ductal carcinomas and benign abnormalities of different origin are
      simply considered as 'malignant' or 'benign' and subsequently reported as such.
      This opinion results from an analysis of articles on microcalcifications
      published between 1951 and 1984. It is the author's opinion that the number of
      needless biopsies can be reduced drastically.

PMID- 3849365
TI  - Basic principles of mammographic diagnosis.
AB  - The only hope we have at present to control breast cancer is to diagnose and
      treat it at the earliest possible stage. It has already been convincingly
      demonstrated that properly performed mammography interpreted by a well-trained
      mammographer can detect breast cancer before it has grown to a stage at which it
      is incurable. But in order to be an effective diagnostic method mammography must
      be performed at a very high level of quality. This article describes the
      radiologist's role in building up and taking the responsibility for the
      observation of details in screen/film mammography. The basic principles of the
      mammographic interpretation are specified.

PMID- 3849366
TI  - Computerized tomography of breast cancer and regional lymph nodes.
AB  - Technique, advantages and disadvantages of computerized tomographic (CT)
      mammography are described in various pre- and postoperative conditions. The value
      of CT mammography is discussed.

PMID- 3849367
TI  - The role of specimen x-ray in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
AB  - Specimen radiography is a very useful tool in the pathologic study of breast
      cancer in various surgical specimens. The application of this technique in the
      pathologic examination of clinically occult lesions is mandatory. In the
      pathologic study of segmentectomy specimens, the specimen x-ray provides a great
      help in assessing both extent and multifocality of the tumor and in evaluating
      the completeness of the surgical excision.

PMID- 3849369
TI  - Symposium on laser techniques.

PMID- 3849368
TI  - Reliability of mammographic reporting. Correlation of mammographic interpretation
      and diagnostic levels of confidence.
AB  - In order to assess additional statements in mammographic reports, with view to
      the suitability of breasts to interpretation, and to analyze the effect of
      statements (such as well, reasonably, moderately or poorly suited to
      interpretation) on the reliability of the reports, a study was made of 938
      consecutive patients. The accuracy of these statements was correlated in 151 of
      these cases with proven histology. One would expect that errors in film
      interpretation would increase with decreasing suitability of the mammograms to
      interpretation, but we did not succeed in demonstrating this phenomenon.
      Diagnostic levels of confidence did not correlate significantly with each
      statement. However, the predictive value of diagnoses qualitatively labelled in
      scales of ascending suspicion, such as benign, malignancy uncertain, suspicion of
      malignancy or characteristic for malignancy, can serve as an important marker to
      a better understanding of the report.

PMID- 3849370
TI  - Laser-tissue interactions.
AB  - The optimal surgical use of laser devices requires an understanding of the
      interaction mechanisms of laser radiation with biologic tissue. This article will
      review the physical and biologic factors that have an impact on surgical
      applications of the laser. It is hoped that this review can lead to improved
      surgical applications and technique.

PMID- 3849371
TI  - Neodymium:YAG laser therapy for malignant and benign endobronchial obstructions.
AB  - Because of its specific wavelength (1064 nm), the Nd:YAG laser can be transmitted
      through fiberoptics and has very specific characteristics of a high-scattering
      effect in living tissues, permitting in-depth penetration of energy and
      coagulation of cellular protein. Among other topics, this article reviews the
      indications for and complications of endoscopic Nd:YAG therapy.

PMID- 3849372
TI  - Metabolism in marine flatfish--III. Measurement of elastase activity in the
      digestive tract of Dover sole (Solea solea L.).
AB  - A critical assessment of different methods for measuring elastase activity in
      crude preparations has been made using whole intestinal homogenates of Dover
      sole. The use of the natural substrate elastin or its dyed derivatives gave
      optimal pH values in the alkaline region (pH 9.4-9.8) whereas artificial
      substrates showed optimal hydrolysis nearer neutrality in the region pH 8.1-8.2.
      Exoproteases may interfere with certain assay procedures. The properties of Dover
      sole elastase have been further investigated using chromatographic techniques
      which indicated that the main elastase activity has a molecular weight of
      approximately 19,500 and an isoelectric point in the region of pH 5.7.

PMID- 3849373
TI  - The clinical biochemistry laboratory computer system and result entry: validation
      of analytical results.
AB  - We describe an array of checking routines that can aid laboratory staff in
      detecting possible errors in results being entered into a laboratory computer. A
      single result is checked at the worksheet stage for its numeric format and for
      its numeric status by comparison with appropriate reference ranges, and action
      and hazard limits. If a previous result exists then the present result can be
      compared with it (delta checking). Laboratory documentation of abnormal results
      is important and we describe three types; worksheet, exception report(s) and
      histograms of results. The clinical reports leaving the laboratory should flag
      abnormal results so that the clinician is prompted to examine, and question if
      necessary, results which are extreme or have changed significantly since the last
      analysis. Effective error detection requires cooperation between the laboratory
      and clinical units.

PMID- 3849374
TI  - Automatic classification of visual evoked responses.
AB  - An automatic method performing selective averaging of visual evoked potentials
      depending on the state of the EEG background activity is described. The method is
      based on adaptive segmentation of the EEG signal and on fuzzy clustering. A
      simulation example, extracting two different square pulses from the background
      activity, is given, as well as an example averaging two types of visual evoked
      potentials from the background EEG signal.

PMID- 3849375
TI  - A mathematical model and computer program for adriamycin distribution and
      elimination.
AB  - A mathematical physiological flow model is described for the distribution and
      elimination of adriamycin in the rat. The model includes the volume or mass of,
      and blood flow to the following tissues: heart, plasma, muscle, skin, kidney,
      bone marrow, gut, liver and bile. A compartment is also included for tight or
      almost irreversible binding which occurs with this drug. The program was written
      in FORTRAN to compute the concentration of drug in each tissue as a function of
      time after bolus injection or short term infusion. The computed data is printed
      on a line printer and recorded on disk for use in a SAS program GPLOT to obtain
      precision plots.

PMID- 3849376
TI  - Automated data acquisition and analysis of neural evoked potentials.
AB  - A software system to collect, analyze and store trains of neural evoked
      potentials is presented. Real-time waveform capture permits sampling of a
      variable-duration data window of 6 to 399.6 ms with a sample delay accurately
      adjustable up to 1 001 ms (20 microseconds resolution). The digitized
      representation of each waveform is stored for individual analysis. Off-line
      processing determines 17 parameters of each waveform, including an arrow-selected
      amplitude and time. Individual processing of waveforms preserves all degrees of
      freedom for statistical analysis across waveforms. Ensemble averages may
      optionally be formed from the individual waveforms with processing performed on
      the averaged responses. The software provides MENU-selectable support functions
      including stimulus-to-artifact timing, storage and retrieval of data and
      calculated parameters, digital display of waveforms, data calibration and gain
      modification, table referenced data editing, file management, simple statistics,
      hardcopy output, and optional database interfacing with output formatted for
      compatibility with a statistics package (SAS).

PMID- 3849377
TI  - Localization of current dipole within a sphere by magnetic measurements.
AB  - The principal objective of this study is the development of computer programs to
      determine the location and strength of neural electric activity within the brain
      from noninvasive magnetic field measurements at the surface of the head. This
      report presents theoretical calculations and computer programs derived from the
      method described by Williamson and Kaufman to determine the depth and strength of
      a current dipole in a sphere. From the location of the magnetic field radial
      component extremes, Br maximum and Br minimum, the orientation and location of
      the current dipole can be determined. The accuracy of the solution is dependent
      on precise location of of the magnetic field extremes as measured from the
      surface of a sphere, e.g. the head. To validate the program for locating the
      dipole, theoretical calculations and computer programs related to the total
      magnetic field vector resulting from a hypothetical current source within a
      homogeneous sphere were generated. The errors in calculations of the current
      dipole depth and strength are presented.

PMID- 3849378
TI  - A report generator package for routine laboratory tests in a hospital cardiology
      department.
AB  - A simple report generating package is described. The package is designed for
      hospital computing personnel who wish to develop fast, easy access, easy-to-use
      report generating programs for use by non-computer specialists. Use of the system
      is illustrated by examples from three sections within a hospital cardiology
      department: nuclear cardiology, M-mode echocardiography and reporting of 24-hour
      ambulatory electrocardiogram tapes.

PMID- 3849379
TI  - A simple algorithm for the solution of the multiple dosing problem.
AB  - A system theoretical approach to the general multiple dosing problem is discussed
      [1], which is in turn reduced to a classical parameter optimization problem. An
      efficient numerical algorithm based on the cyclic coordinate search method to
      solve the latter is explained. A flexible and user-friendly program written in
      standard FORTRAN which is suitable for this problem is introduced. Finally, the
      problem is applied to the dopaminergic substitution problem in Parkinson's
      disease, and the necessary input data as well as the resulting output is
      displayed in a sample run.

PMID- 3849380
TI  - The MISCAN simulation program for the evaluation of screening for disease.
AB  - The computer program MISCAN is developed for use in evaluation of mass screening
      for disease. The program uses Monte Carlo simulation. It produces output on the
      results of screening projects and on the effects of screening on morbidity and
      mortality on the individual and population level. The calculations are based on
      models of the natural history of the disease and of the impact of screening on
      the natural history. The approach is such that considerable flexibility exists in
      specifying the structure of the model and its parameters. The program consists of
      two parts. The DISEASE part can be used for simulating the epidemiology of the
      disease when no screening is taking place; it requires input on the population
      and on the disease process. The SCREENING part is to be used in combination with
      the DISEASE part. It is intended for simulation of the results and effects of a
      screening project. It requires input on the properties of the screening tests,
      the consequences of early detection by screening, and the policy (ages and
      intervals between screens) of the project. MISCAN can be used for finding model
      assumptions regarding the disease process and the impact of screening that give a
      good explanation of the observed results of a screening project. Such an analysis
      proceeds in two steps. First, MISCAN is used to calculate simulated results of
      the project, based on specific assumptions. Next, these results are tested
      against the observed results, in order to assess the acceptability of the
      assumptions. MISCAN can also be used for optimization of the screening policy by
      simulating the cost and benefit components of a large number of different
      screening policies.

PMID- 3849381
TI  - Sequential colour mapping system of brain potentials.
AB  - We present a colour mapping system for the visualization of both the spatial
      scalp distribution and the temporal evolution of brain potentials. The system is
      applicable to recordings of auditory, visual and somatosensory potentials. It
      uses a Tektronix 4113 colour terminal connected to a Solar 16 (SEMS) mini
      computer. The brain potentials are recorded on up to 16 scalp electrodes. The
      gain and the baseline are corrected separately on each channel. At each point of
      the scalp the potential is reconstructed by a linear interpolation of the
      measured potentials of the four nearest electrodes. Simultaneously n2 (1 less
      than n less than 8) colour maps can be presented on the screen. This allows the
      study of the temporal evolution of full scalp evoked potentials. The user chooses
      the two extreme latencies defining the time window to be explored and the
      latencies of the maps are regularly time-spaced within this window. In a typical
      case, in which four maps are desired, the latencies of the maps can be chosen
      independently. The 16-colour palette is predetermined but the user has three
      possibilities to establish the correspondence between the electrical potential
      and the colours. Examples are shown in the visual and somatosensory stimulation
      modalities. The advantages and limitations of such a representation are
      discussed.

PMID- 3849382
TI  - A computer program for the simulation of colony-like proliferation of fibroblasts
      and their cell cycle behavior.
AB  - Several models have been constructed which describe the population dynamics of
      fibroblast cultures by means of their collective behavior. In contrast, we
      present here the first example of a program which also allows a topographical
      simulation of colony-like growth. Starting with one cell, each clonal population
      consists of single 'intelligent' cells running through a fictive cell cycle.
      Within the cycle several parameters (position of daughter cells, duration of
      cycle, etc.) are randomly chosen within given intervals, thus leading to an
      extremely large number of different clones which can be simulated. Therefore, an
      experimental-like procedure is possible. Although not being a true reflection of
      the cell cycle, the model is in good accordance with the clonal growth of
      fibroblasts. Our model has several aims, for example the application to prenatal
      diagnosis and the appearance of aberrant clones (in vivo versus in vitro
      occurrence of chromosome abnormalities in amniotic fluid cell clones). However,
      it seems to be well suited to check theories related to cellular senescence in
      vitro, and in particular the commitment theory.

PMID- 3849383
TI  - Questionnaire: warts and all.

PMID- 3849384
TI  - Feet fit for walking.

PMID- 3849385
TI  - Leg ulcers: cheaper in the long run.

PMID- 3849386
TI  - Leg ulcers: cleaning v healing.

PMID- 3849387
TI  - Postnatal depression. Exposing the blues...

PMID- 3849388
TI  - Postnatal depression. Exposing the blues and treating them.

PMID- 3849390
TI  - Drug compatibility chart.

PMID- 3849389
TI  - Mystery arrhythmia.

PMID- 3849391
TI  - Chronic pulmonary disease in the neonate.

PMID- 3849392
TI  - Pathophysiology of renal failure.

PMID- 3849393
TI  - Bedside insertion of ICP monitoring devices.

PMID- 3849395
TI  - Procedure for left atrial catheter insertion.

PMID- 3849394
TI  - Drug fever: is your patient's fever drug-related?

PMID- 3849396
TI  - Management of acetaminophen overdose.

PMID- 3849398
TI  - Intra-aortic balloon pump therapy.

PMID- 3849397
TI  - Stress and coping in families of the critically ill.

PMID- 3849400
TI  - Arrhythmia quiz: sick sinus syndrome.

PMID- 3849399
TI  - Discharge planning: pediatric case study of Jeune's asphyxiating thoracic
      dystrophy.

PMID- 3849401
TI  - Hemodynamic assessment.

PMID- 3849402
TI  - Documenting cardiopulmonary arrest.

PMID- 3849403
TI  - Acyclovir: a recently developed anti-herpes agent.

PMID- 3849404
TI  - Retinoids, differentiation and disease.

PMID- 3849406
TI  - Inhibition by retinoids of neoplastic transformation in vitro: cellular and
      biochemical mechanisms.
AB  - We have demonstrated that non-toxic concentrations of retinoids can cause a dose
      dependent inhibition of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced transformation of C3H/10T1/2
      cells. On removal of the retinoid, transformed foci appear after a latent period
      of about four weeks at the same frequency as observed in controls treated with
      carcinogen only. Reasoning that this activity is compatible with the
      stabilization of the carcinogen-initiated state, we have succeeded in isolating
      from carcinogen-treated cultures a cell line which in the presence of retinyl
      acetate is similar to the parental 10T1/2 cells, but without retinyl acetate
      transforms at a high frequency after a latent period of about four weeks. Retinyl
      acetate treatment of this cell line (INIT/10T1/2) and the parental 10T1/2 cells
      induces an ultra-normal phenotype. In retinoid-deprived INIT/10T1/2 cells, the
      first sign of transformation (an increased thymidine-labelling index) occurs 16
      days after retinyl acetate removal. We have detected by two-dimensional
      electrophoresis that concomitant with this there is an increase in
      phosphorylation of a protein of Mr 34 000 (34K) which may be associated with the
      cytoskeleton. This phosphoprotein has been found in all transformed lines
      examined. A second phosphoprotein, of about 38K, has also been detected in
      transformed cells. Retinyl acetate treatment of transformed cells alters the
      isoelectric point of this protein, a change compatible with decreased
      phosphorylation. Alkali-resistant phosphorylation, presumably on tyrosine, has
      been found on a second 34K protein of transformed cells. Retinyl acetate
      treatment specifically decreases this phosphorylation. Mechanisms for the altered
      tyrosine phosphorylation induced by retinyl acetate are as yet unresolved, but
      the decrease could be due to altered levels of substrate, kinase or
      phosphorylase. In view of the apparent role of tyrosine kinases as mediators of
      growth factors and as oncogene products, we consider the activity of retinoids as
      modulators of tyrosine phosphorylation to be of great potential significance.

PMID- 3849405
TI  - Modulation of carcinogenesis in the urinary bladder by retinoids.
AB  - Bladder cancer has a 70% recurrence rate within five years and a high associated
      mortality. It commonly occurs in one or both of two predominant growth/behaviour
      patterns: either well-differentiated, relatively benign exophytic papillary
      lesions, or flat, poorly differentiated invasive carcinoma usually arising from
      carcinoma-in-situ. We have used the F344 rat treated with N-butyl-N-(4
      hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) as a model for the papillary disease, and the BBN
      treated B6D2F1 mouse for flat, invasive bladder carcinoma. In the rat,
      carcinogenesis is a multistage process and several retinoids will delay or even
      halt the development of bladder cancer. Inhibition of carcinogenesis is not
      complete, but there is a consistent reduction in the time-related incidence of
      papillomas and carcinomas and a concomitant improvement in the overall
      differentiation of the urothelium. In the BBN/mouse model, retinoids also have
      anticarcinogenic activity but interpretation of the results is more complicated.
      Unlike the F344 rat, the B6D2F1 mouse has a non-uniform response to BBN; not all
      mice develop bladder cancer even after treatment with very high doses of BBN and
      in those that do, more than one mechanism of carcinogenesis may be involved.
      Individual retinoids differ markedly in their ability to modulate bladder
      carcinogenesis in rodents; the behaviour of one analogue cannot be predicted
      automatically from data obtained with another. Combined data from rodent trials
      in this and other laboratories have identified N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide
      (HPR) as the most anticarcinogenic retinoid tested so far for the rodent bladder.
      It is also less toxic in rodents and better tolerated in humans than either 13
      cis-retinoic acid or etretinate, two retinoids currently used in dermatological
      practice. A prophylactic chemopreventive trial of HPR in bladder cancer patients
      starting in 1985 will be centered on the Middlesex Hospital, London.

PMID- 3849407
TI  - Abortion: medical progress and social implications.

PMID- 3849408
TI  - Some aspects of late abortion for congenital abnormality.
AB  - Present methods of prenatal diagnosis are not applicable until at least 16 weeks
      of gestation. Most abortions for suspected congenital abnormality are therefore
      usually done in the second trimester of pregnancy. Abortions at over 20 weeks of
      gestation account for about 0.8% of all abortions for residents of England and
      Wales, but the operations are unpleasant and carry a significant morbidity.
      Screening the population for neural tube defects has led to a marked reduction in
      the recorded incidence of infants born with the condition. A survey in the
      Northern Region of England, with official statistics from Scotland, shows that in
      spite of the contribution made by selective abortion, there appears to be a
      genuine reduction in the population incidence of neural tube defect in Scotland.
      The diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities, and to a lesser extent of neural tube
      defects, depends on amniocentesis and there is evidence of more delay in
      initiating amniocentesis for neural tube defect than for chromosomal tests,
      probably because of administrative delay associated with the use of serum
      alphafetoprotein screening. The possible impact of proposals to change the law
      concerning the limit of viability of the fetus on the practice of late abortion
      for congenital abnormality is examined. Abortion for congenital abnormality
      should be permitted after 22 weeks' gestation.

PMID- 3849409
TI  - Live-born infants of 24 to 28 weeks' gestation: survival and sequelae at two
      years of age.
AB  - The survival rate of infants born alive between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation has
      increased significantly in this tertiary care centre, from about 9% in the first
      cohort studied (1966-1970), to 19.5% in the second cohort (1971-1974) and 50.3%
      in the third cohort (1977-1982); the borderline of practical viability decreased
      from 27 to 24 weeks over the years of the study. The number of mothers with a
      history of prior termination of pregnancy increased about sixfold from the second
      to the third cohorts but the rate of premature births increased by only 50%. The
      augmented survival rate was accompanied by an increase in the prevalence and
      total number of children with cerebral palsy, but bilateral blindness due to
      retinopathy of prematurity and severe sensorineural deafness were reduced. When
      96% of children in the third cohort were assessed at two years of age. 13% had
      severe handicaps, 59% were considered normal and in 24% some handicap was
      suspected. The serious handicap rate was 28% for children born at 24-26 weeks
      compared with 8.5% for those born at 27-28 weeks of gestation.

PMID- 3849410
TI  - Follow-up study of children born to women denied abortion.
AB  - Two hundred and twenty children born in Prague in 1961-63, whose mothers had
      applied twice for abortion and were refused twice, were matched with children
      born from accepted pregnancies. The findings when the children were about nine
      years of age revealed some important differences unfavourable to 'unwanted
      children'. Boys were significantly more afflicted than girls. Both groups were
      examined after a further six years. Differences in school achievement, in ratings
      of the child's personality and in parental attitudes were more pronounced than
      before. The third follow-up project is under way now, with the initially unwanted
      children and the control group in their early 20s. Detailed examinations are
      being made in families that already have children, i.e. children of 'unwanted
      children'.

PMID- 3849411
TI  - Post-abortion and post-partum psychiatric hospitalization.
AB  - Confusion persists regarding relative psychological risks associated with term
      deliveries and induced abortions. One reason for the scarcity of comparative
      findings is the lack of epidemiological data on post-abortion and post-partum
      admissions to psychiatric hospital. While such admissions are not separately
      tracked in United States health statistics, they are measurable events,
      reflective of severe psychological stress associated in time with delivery and
      abortion, and probably less subject to diverse interpretation than are individual
      consultations with clinical practitioners in their offices. The paper reviews
      what is known from published international research about post-abortion and post
      partum admissions to psychiatric hospitals and discusses comparative findings
      obtained from computer linkages of Danish national registers. Admissions to
      psychiatric hospital were tracked for a three-month period after either delivery
      or abortion for all women under age 50 and then compared with the three-month
      admission rate to psychiatric hospitals for all Danish women of similar age. The
      major finding is that for never-married and currently married women, the post
      pregnancy-related risk of admission is about the same-around 12 per 10 000
      abortions or deliveries. Higher psychiatric admission rates were noted for
      separated, divorced and widowed women having abortions or carrying to term.

PMID- 3849412
TI  - The effects of abortion on a marriage.
AB  - A small proportion of patients seeking help for their troubled marriages at the
      Institute of Marital Studies speak of a past abortion. This paper draws on their
      experience of the event and its aftermath. Their identities have been concealed.
      Sometimes, apparently having been unable to mourn the loss of the child at the
      time of the abortion, they show a delayed grief reaction. It may be mild but
      persistent, or it may occur in more extreme form only many years later when a
      subsequent loss of a different nature triggers off repressed and conflicting
      feelings relating to the earlier loss of the baby. The therapeutic works needs to
      concern itself with that earlier loss. Sometimes the husbands are more affected
      than the wives. Husbands and fathers are much neglected in the British follow-up
      studies of abortion, except (rarely) through the subjective reports of the women.
      It is suggested that, when a relationship exists beyond the act of intercourse,
      the fathers would benefit from as much or more attention from counsellors than
      the women, for whom the disturbance occasioned by the actual experience of
      abortion may be mitigated by the sympathetic care of hospital staff.

PMID- 3849413
TI  - Contragestion by antiprogestin: a new approach to human fertility control.
AB  - The steroidal derivative RU 486 (17 beta-hydroxy-11 beta-(4-dimethylaminophenyl
      1)-17 alpha (prop-1-ynyl)-estra-4,9-dien-3-one) is the first potent
      antiprogestin. Acting reversibly at the molecular level of receptor binding, it
      interrupts progesterone action definitively if the target cell dynamics are
      irreversibly disrupted. Its preferred target cells are those of the uterine
      decidualized mucosa and uterine cervix, and increased myometrial contractility
      facilitates the termination of pregnancy. Luteolysis is secondary to the decrease
      in chorionic gonadotropin, itself brought about by secondary alteration or
      detachment of the trophoblast. Clinical results so far indicate that RU 486 can
      be a very efficient and safe contragestive agent, especially for the medical
      termination of early pregnancy or as a postcoital menses inducer or menstrual
      regulator. Incomplete expulsion is sometimes noted at present when RU 486 is
      given alone but this may not happen when efficient form(s) of administration are
      used and/or when uterotonics are added. When a small amount of prostaglandin
      (which by itself would be inefficient) is given at the end of treatment with RU
      486, the results are highly satisfactory. The antiprogestin RU 486 does not
      expose women to hormones continuously. Based on a dual concept, physiological and
      molecular, it may be typical of the second generation of agents required to
      achieve safe and effective control of human fertility.

PMID- 3849414
TI  - Abortion services in Slovenia.

PMID- 3849415
TI  - Legal abortion: limits and contributions to human life.
AB  - The traditional approach to abortion has been to regard it as disposing of human
      life, even when it is justifiable to induce abortion in accordance with legal and
      ethical principles. Contraception as distinct from abortion has never been so
      treated even though, in some respects, the biological processes involved in
      contraception and abortion raise similar issues. This is particularly so when
      contraception is by an intrauterine device or a postcoital technique which can
      prevent implantation rather than fertilization. Modern evidence shows that
      abortion is not only a loss of human life, but--paradoxically--is also a
      biological condition of human life. An unavoidably high rate of spontaneous loss
      of embryos has been shown to arise in the course of natural reproduction, due
      either to failure of implantation or to loss, such as the 'vanishing twin' of
      children born in single births. More common than the vanishing twin is
      spontaneous loss after implantation. Planned embryonic loss in artificial
      reproduction duplicates rather than defies nature. Further, sociological
      perceptions indicate that the availability of reliable prenatal diagnosis,
      especially of genetic conditions, and of induced abortion to terminate dysgenic
      life, may free couples to conceive and bear healthy children they would otherwise
      not have conceived. Moreover, prenatal diagnosis, for example by amniocentesis,
      may increasingly permit maternal or fetal treatment and so encourage the
      continuation of a pregnancy which might otherwise have been terminated.

PMID- 3849416
TI  - Viability and the moral status of the fetus.
AB  - The viability of the fetus has played a significant part in the framing of
      abortion legislation, but the use of viability as a criterion represents a
      compromise which is conceptually unclear and which fails to satisfy either side
      in the abortion debate. Both conservative and liberal views on abortion regard
      fetal development as morally irrelevant. For the moderate (or gradualist) view
      some point in the development must be found which indicates a change in the moral
      status of the fetus. Since viability changes according to available techniques
      for neonatal care it cannot be the criterion. Alternative criteria are surveyed
      and it is concluded that the onset of sensation is a significant transition point
      beyond which abortion and infanticide cannot be morally distinguished. It is
      suggested that either legislation should be amended to prohibit abortion after 18
      to 20 weeks, or abortion to full term should be permitted and the possibility of
      legislation for infanticide be envisaged.

PMID- 3849417
TI  - Politics and abortion.
AB  - The legalization of abortion in the United States by the Supreme Court in 1973
      bypassed the political process in the majority of the states. Since then,
      however, political controversy and agitation in relation to abortion has become
      nationwide. From largely Catholic-based opposition, it has grown to encompass
      religious fundamentalists and to be a major part of the New Right's agenda.
      Abortion is now, pro and con, part of the platform of both political parties. The
      sweeping nature of the Supreme Court's decisions leaves the opposition with very
      little room to restrict abortion, short of overturning the decisions through a
      constitutional amendment. Such an amendment requires a two-thirds majority of
      Congress and passage is unlikely. However, funding bans on scores of federal
      programmes have succeeded in restricting access to abortion for the poor, the
      young and minorities. These restrictions are part of a long-term strategy to
      educate the public as to the evils of abortion with the aim of making it illegal
      again, either through the adoption of a constitutional amendment or by obtaining
      a reversal by a hoped-for change in membership of the Supreme Court.

PMID- 3849418
TI  - Medical progress and the social implications of abortion: summing-up.

PMID- 3849419
TI  - Abortion in Thailand and Sweden: health services and short-term consequences.
AB  - In Thailand, where abortion is still illegal, abortion services (health services)
      outside Bangkok, and outside hospitals or clinics, are provided by non-physician
      practitioners. In the studies reported here, those practitioners were interviewed
      in 1978 and 1981 about their methods and the characteristics of their clients.
      The first study revealed that massage is the method most widely used by rural
      practitioners and that uterine injection with different solutions comes second.
      The second study was in agreement with these findings. The health consequences of
      these induced abortions were studied by interviewing the clients of the rural
      practitioners in 1980 and 1981. In Sweden, where abortion has been legal for
      quite a long time, all women who need an abortion have access to safe and
      convenient health services throughout the country.

PMID- 3849420
TI  - Sequelae of induced abortion.
AB  - In the long-term prospective controlled study reported here, 1509 general
      practitioners and 795 gynaecologists in England, Scotland and Wales are
      cooperating in providing information on the sequelae of abortion, especially on
      the problems of later pregnancies, subfertility and all reported morbidity, in
      particular psychiatric illness. Morbidity within 21 days after induced abortion,
      and considered to be related to induced abortion, was found in 10% of 6105 women
      who had an induced abortion in their index pregnancy, and there were major
      complications in 2.1%. The main factors affecting morbidity were the place of
      operation, gestation at termination, the method of termination, sterilization at
      the time of operation, and smoking habits. Several differences between National
      Health Service and private sector operations were found which could affect the
      morbidity rates. Possible means of reducing early morbidity are discussed. The
      outcome of the first post-index pregnancy in 745 women whose index pregnancy had
      ended in induced abortion and in 1339 controls was also compared. There was no
      statistically significant difference between cases and controls. Further analysis
      of a large number of pregnancies is required to permit confident interpretation
      of these observations.

PMID- 3849421
TI  - [Stereochemical modeling of ribosomal translocation].

PMID- 3849423
TI  - Temocillin sensitivity of Enterobacteriaceae species resistant to cefotaxime.
AB  - The in vitro activity of temocillin, cefotaxime, aztreonam and ceftazidime was
      tested against selected cefotaxime-resistant isolates (43 Enterobacter species,
      37 Serratia marcescens, 16 Morganella morganii, 8 Klebsiella species) and
      cefotaxime-susceptible strains of the same species. Cross-resistance with a high
      degree of correlation was observed between cefotaxime and aztreonam or
      ceftazidime, but not between cefotaxime and temocillin.

PMID- 3849422
TI  - Influence of temocillin on colonisation resistance and consequences for therapy.
AB  - The influence of temocillin on the colonisation resistance of the digestive tract
      was studied in mice, with doses ranging from 0.062 to 1 mg/day administered
      orally and 0.25 to 4 mg/day administered subcutaneously. The effect on the
      colonisation resistance was measured by the concentration of resistant bacteria
      (either endogenous enterococci or an exogenous strain of Enterobacter cloacae) as
      well as by the relative caecal weight and the appearance of beta-aspartylglycine
      in the caecal contents. None of these parameters indicated a decreased
      colonisation resistance by any of the dosages investigated, meaning that, in the
      mouse the drug can be used safely without an increased risk of overgrowth by
      resistant bacteria causing superinfections. Both systemic and oral administration
      of 0.25mg of temocillin/mouse/day (10 mg/kg/day) appeared to completely suppress
      the sensitive Gram-negative bacilli from the digestive tract within 2 days. This
      selective decontamination of the digestive tract in mice was the reason for a
      subsequent study in man. It emerged that selective decontamination with
      parenterally administered temocillin was possible in 7 out of 10 volunteers. The
      remaining 3 however, did not respond to temocillin although their faecal Gram
      negative bacilli were susceptible to the drug. In none of the volunteers did the
      colonisation resistance appear to be affected. The consequences of the use of
      temocillin for either prevention or therapy of infections are discussed.

PMID- 3849424
TI  - Influence of temocillin on human bowel flora.
AB  - The influence of temocillin on intestinal flora was investigated in 6 healthy
      volunteers, each of whom received intravenous temocillin 1g twice daily over a
      period of 6 to 7 days. Dilution series of stool samples were investigated before,
      during and immediately after treatment, as well as 9 to 14 days after treatment
      had been stopped. The basic effect of temocillin was a pronounced reduction in
      Enterobacteriaceae during and immediately after treatment. Nine to 14 days after
      conclusion of treatment, the Enterobacteriaceae had almost reattained their
      original numbers. No clear influence could be established for temocillin on the
      total numbers of aerobic bacteria, strict anaerobes, or the members of the
      Bacteroides fragilis group. The number of enterococci increased slightly during
      treatment, but antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were not selected by
      treatment. It can be concluded that in these volunteers the colonisation
      resistance of the colon was maintained during treatment, and that temocillin
      exerted an influence comparable to a selective decontamination of the intestine.

PMID- 3849425
TI  - Temocillin. In vitro antibacterial activity.
AB  - Temocillin, a 6-alpha-methoxy penicillin derivative, was tested in vitro against
      516 recent clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. The compound exhibited good
      antibacterial activity, with 95% of isolates inhibited by a range 2 to 16 mg/L.
      Further studies, against selected isolates resistant to ticarcillin, piperacillin
      and cefuroxime (Klebsiella oxytoca, 25; Enterobacter species, 34; and Citrobacter
      species, 5), showed about half of the isolates of K. oxytoca (11/25) to be
      resistant to aztreonam (MIC range 16-greater than or equal to 128 mg/L), but
      susceptible to temocillin, cefotaxime and latamoxef. In general, the resistant
      strains of Enterobacter species tested were not susceptible to cefotaxime (MIC
      range 16-128 mg/L), or aztreonam (MIC range 1.0-64 mg/L), and many exhibited
      reduced susceptibility to latamoxef (MIC range 2-128 mg/L). In contrast, all the
      strains were susceptible to temocillin (MIC range 4-16 mg/L). The bactericidal
      activity of temocillin was confirmed against selected aztreonam-resistant strains
      of K. oxytoca and Enterobacter cloacae by conventional time-kill studies, and
      against a strain of E. cloacae in an in vitro model system designed to simulate
      the temocillin concentration profiles attained in extravascular fluid such as
      peripheral lymph. In the time-kill studies, temocillin concentrations of 16 and
      32 mg/L were shown to effectively reduce the numbers of viable bacteria by 99 and
      99.9%, respectively, within 12 hours. In the in vitro model system the numbers of
      bacteria were reduced 99.9% over the initial 4-hour period. In combination with
      aminoglycoside antibiotics, temocillin exerted a synergistic or partially
      synergistic effect (sigma FIC less than or equal to 0.75) against the majority of
      strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa tested. When combined with piperacillin,
      cefotaxime or latamoxef, temocillin, unlike cefoxitin, exhibited no antagonism
      against strains of Enterobacteriaceae producing inducible cephalosporinases.

PMID- 3849426
TI  - Antibacterial activity of temocillin.
AB  - The in vitro antibacterial activity of temocillin, a new penicillin, was
      determined in quantitative broth dilution tests, and compared with that of
      mezlocillin, piperacillin, cephazolin and cefotaxime. 805 clinical isolates of
      the Enterobacteriaceae family were tested, with temocillin exhibiting a high
      level of antibacterial activity against the various bacterial species, including
      mezlocillin-resistant strains. With the exception of Serratia marcescens, the
      minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 90% of tested strains of various
      species were in the range of 1 to 8 mg/L temocillin. Concentrations of 16 mg/L
      were required to inhibit 80% of S. marcescens strains, and some isolates were
      resistant. Significant differences between the MIC and MBC values were not
      observed. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of the bactericidal action of
      temocillin against mezlocillin-resistant strains was investigated, and killing
      curves showed that the compound was bactericidal at the MIC and the MBC.

PMID- 3849427
TI  - A survey of temocillin sensitivity of strains resistant to newer beta-lactam
      antibiotics.
AB  - The susceptibility of a total of 2014 Gram-negative clinical isolates (except
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa) to a number of antibiotics, including temocillin, was
      investigated in 2 geographically distinct areas. Overall, more strains were
      sensitive to temocillin than to mezlocillin, piperacillin, amoxycillin plus
      clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, cephazolin, latamoxef (moxalactam), cefoxitin, or
      netilmicin. Susceptibility to temocillin of multiple-resistant strains was
      studied.

PMID- 3849429
TI  - Human serum alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is an inhibitor of pancreatic elastases.
AB  - Incubation of human serum alpha 1-antichymotrypsin with human pancreatic elastase
      2 or porcine pancreatic elastase results in the complete inhibition of each
      enzyme as determined by spectrophotometric assays. alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin
      reacts much more rapidly with the human than with the porcine enzyme. The
      inhibitor: enzyme molar ratio, required to obtain full inhibition of enzymatic
      activity, is equal to 1.25/1 when alpha 1-antichymotrypsin reacts with human
      pancreatic elastase 2 while it is markedly higher with porcine pancreatic
      elastase (5.5/1). Patterns obtained by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of
      the reaction products show the formation with both enzymes of an equimolar
      complex (Mr near 77 000) and the release of a fragment migrating as a peptide of
      Mr near 5000. Moreover a free proteolytically modified form of alpha 1
      antichymotrypsin, electrophoretically identical with that obtained in the
      reaction with cathepsin G or bovine chymotrypsin, is produced in the reaction
      with each elastase but in a much greater amount when alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
      reacts with porcine elastase than with human elastase. As a consequence of our
      findings, the specificity of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, so far limited to the
      inhibition of chymotrypsin-like enzymes from pancreas and leukocyte origin, has
      to be extended to the two pancreatic elastases investigated in this work. A
      contribution of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin to the regulatory balance between plasma
      inhibitors and human pancreatic elastase 2 in pancreatic diseases is suggested.

PMID- 3849430
TI  - Action of organophosphates on the electroretinogram of rainbow trout.
AB  - Electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded in vitro from eyes of rainbow trout that
      had received intraperitoneal injections of either TOCP (triorthocresyl phosphate)
      or DEF (S, S, S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate). Data obtained after 24 h indicated
      that these organophosphates caused alterations in four of five ERG parameters in
      the case of TOCP and all five parameters in the DEF treated specimens. These data
      were compared with data obtained from experiments with eserine and carbachol and
      led to the conclusion that the effects of the organophosphates on the retina were
      independent of any cholinesterase inhibitor activity of the compounds. These
      organophosphates affect (a) the non-cholinergic photoreceptor layer of the retina
      which produces the a-wave ERG component, and (b) the other neural layers of the
      retina known to be responsible for generation of the b-wave component. Based on
      data obtained 15 days after exposure there was no evidence that TOCP or DEF has
      any delayed neurotoxic effect on the retina of rainbow trout.

PMID- 3849428
TI  - SV40 T antigen and the exocytotic pathway.
AB  - A chimeric gene consisting of DNA coding for the 15-amino acid signal peptide of
      influenza virus hemagglutinin and the C-terminal 694 amino acids of SV40 large T
      antigen was inserted into a bovine papilloma virus (BPV) expression vector and
      introduced into NIH-3T3 cells. Cell lines were obtained that express high levels
      (approximately 5 X 10(6) molecules/cell) of the chimeric protein (HA-T antigen).
      The biochemical properties and intracellular localization of HA-T antigens were
      compared with those of wild-type T antigen. Wild-type T antigen. Wild-type T
      antigen is located chiefly in the cell nucleus, although a small fraction is
      detected on the cell surface. By contrast, HA-T antigen is found exclusively in
      the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). During biosynthesis, HA-T antigen is co
      translationally translocated across the membrane of the ER, the signal peptide is
      cleaved and a mannose-rich oligosaccharide is attached to the polypeptide (T
      antigen contains one potential N-linked glycosylation site at Asn154). HA-T
      antigen does not become terminally glycosylated or acylated and little or none
      reaches the cell surface. These results suggest that T antigen is incapable of
      being transported along the exocytotic pathway. To explain the presence of wild
      type T antigen on the surface of SV40-transformed cells, an alternative route is
      proposed involving transport of T antigen from the nucleus to the cell surface.

PMID- 3849431
TI  - Alteration in hepatic mitochondrial compartment of cold-acclimated rats.
      Association with enhanced triiodothyronine serum levels. A
      morphometric/stereologic study by electron microscopy.
AB  - In cold-exposed rats, the circulating levels of free and total T3 rapidly
      increase and reach higher values after 2 h, 70% and 80%, respectively. These
      values remain constant during cold exposure and return to normal values after few
      hours of re-exposure to room temperature. A remarkable modification of the
      mitochondrial compartment in rat hepatic cells is associated with these hormonal
      variations. The morphometric stereologic analysis shows that after 10 days of
      cold exposure the number of mitochondria per nucleus is nearly doubled (from
      1,912 to 3,414), the total volume of the mitochondrial compartment per nucleus
      increases by about 40% (from 21% to 29%), and the mitochondrial membrane surfaces
      per nucleus increase too (from 7,233 square microns to 11,597 square microns for
      the outer membranes; from 31,572 square microns to 42,603 square microns for the
      inner membranes + cristae). The mean mitochondrial volume decreases by about 25%.
      This probably indicates, the formation of new organelles by division of pre
      existing mitochondria. On re-exposure to room temperature, there is a return to
      normal values. The present data suggest the existence of a physiological long
      term mechanism for the regulation of cellular thermogenesis during cold exposure
      (increase in number of mitochondria per cell), associated with enhanced levels of
      T3.

PMID- 3849432
TI  - [Hemorrhage and blood loss].

PMID- 3849433
TI  - [Treatment and prevention of vasomotor rhinitis in children].

PMID- 3849434
TI  - [Biliary dyskinesia].

PMID- 3849435
TI  - [Emergency care in myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3849436
TI  - [Use of ethyl chloride in rendering trauma care].

PMID- 3849437
TI  - [Rational nutrition for the population (material for talks)].

PMID- 3849439
TI  - [Medical care for World War II veterans].

PMID- 3849438
TI  - [Experience in organizing inoculations in a rural district].

PMID- 3849440
TI  - [Social and vocational rehabilitation of the mentally ill and the tasks of
      medical personnel].

PMID- 3849441
TI  - [Experience in organizing the state sanitary inspection of pharmaceutical
      institutions].

PMID- 3849442
TI  - [Tularemia].

PMID- 3849444
TI  - [Nutrition in chronic gastritis].

PMID- 3849443
TI  - [Organization of first aid and emergency care in the USSR].

PMID- 3849445
TI  - [Furuncles and carbuncles of the head].

PMID- 3849446
TI  - [Phytotherapy of chronic pyoderma].

PMID- 3849447
TI  - [Effect of alcohol on the fetus and child (material for talks)].

PMID- 3849448
TI  - [Educational work experience at Rossosh' Medical College].

PMID- 3849449
TI  - Hospital cost containment in Florida: 1984.

PMID- 3849450
TI  - Sunset review: the Nurse Practice Act.

PMID- 3849451
TI  - Medi-Kid, Inc., a nursing concept benefiting child, family and community.

PMID- 3849452
TI  - The entrepreneur of private duty.

PMID- 3849453
TI  - The purification of kallikrein from human whole saliva.
AB  - A quick and simple procedure is described for purifying kallikrein from human
      whole saliva. The enzyme has been purified about 2700-fold with a yield of
      approx. 30%. The procedure is based on the immediate fractionation of saliva by
      ion exchange chromatography. This is followed by a combination of affinity and
      high performance liquid chromatography. The results indicate that another protein
      component binds to the enzyme at pH 8.0. The homogeneity of the enzyme has been
      demonstrated by gel electrophoresis in the absence as well as in the presence of
      sodium dodecylsulfate. A mol. wt of 40,100 +/- 1800 has been calculated from gel
      electrophoresis experiments. Sedimentation equilibrium in an analytical
      ultracentrifuge gave a mol. wt of 39,700. The amino acid composition has been
      determined and it confirms that the enzyme has a low isoelectric point. The
      presence of tryptophan has been demonstrated by absorption and fluorescence
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 3849454
TI  - The role of guanine nucleotides in translational control by protein
      phosphorylation.

PMID- 3849455
TI  - Computers: a cooperative approach to success in health care.

PMID- 3849456
TI  - Computers in nursing.

PMID- 3849457
TI  - Ethical decision making. Part II. Analysis of an ethical case study.

PMID- 3849458
TI  - Intraocular pressure and systemic blood pressure after administration of
      vasoactive substances in hypertensive and normal rats.
AB  - Intraocular pressure (IOP) and arterial blood pressure (BP) were recorded
      manometrically in normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (NR) and stroke-prone
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). IOP was significantly lower in SHR (7.8 +/
      0.2 mm Hg) compared to NR (15.9 +/- 0.4 mm Hg). In NR, administration of
      vasoactive substances (kallikrein, bradykinin, angiotensin I and II) or
      bloodletting resulted in significant IOP reactions, which ran nearly parallel to
      the acute BP changes. In SHR, however, IOP showed little reaction after
      comparable changes in BP. The cause of the low IOP in SHR is unknown. It is
      assumed that in SHR rarefaction of arterioles and capillaries and a decrease in
      the compliance of eye vessels, in combination with an increase in the
      distensibility of the bulbus at this low IOP level, contribute to the lack of IOP
      response after administration of vasoactive drugs.

PMID- 3849460
TI  - Health and fitness.

PMID- 3849459
TI  - Effect of cimetidine on enzyme inactivation, bile acid precipitation, and lipid
      solubilisation in pancreatic steatorrhoea due to cystic fibrosis.
AB  - In pancreatic steatorrhoea, both pH-dependent bile acid precipitation and enzyme
      inactivation may limit the efficacy of pancreatic enzyme supplements and both may
      be preventable by addition of cimetidine. To separate these effects we compared
      postprandial jejunal aspirate from eight adults with steatorrhoea due to cystic
      fibrosis on three randomised treatment regimens (pancreatin, cimetidine, and both
      together). We also compared the results with those of previous studies of
      patients on no treatment, and of healthy subjects. On pancreatin 60% of the test
      meal entered the jejunum at pH less than 5 compared with 17% in health. Lipase
      concentration and lipolysis increased over the values on no treatment (14.2 vs
      4.4 U/l, p less than 0.01; 16% vs 11%, p less than 0.02) but bile acid
      precipitation was not reduced (38% vs 27%, NS), and aqueous-phase lipid
      concentration decreased (6.7 vs 8.6 mM/l, p less than 0.05). On cimetidine, bile
      acid precipitation fell (19% vs 38%, p less than 0.05); although lipase
      concentration and lipolysis were lower than on pancreatin (4.8 U/l vs 14.2 U/l, p
      less than 0.01; 9% vs 16%, p less than 0.01) lipid solubilisation increased (8.8
      vs 6.7 mM/l, p less than 0.05). On the combination, there was a marked
      improvement (p less than 0.02) in lipid solubilisation (18.3 mM/l), reflecting
      the improvement both in lipase (38.4 U/l) and lipolysis (24%), and in bile acid
      precipitation (5.6%). We conclude that the efficacy of pancreatin is limited by
      pH-dependent bile acid precipitation in addition to enzyme inactivation. The
      action of cimetidine in improving the efficacy of pancreatin depends on
      prevention of both these effects.

PMID- 3849461
TI  - Conference report. Talking points.

PMID- 3849463
TI  - Problems Legion.

PMID- 3849462
TI  - 'Knickers'--a fundamental human right.

PMID- 3849465
TI  - Faecal incontinence.

PMID- 3849464
TI  - Reminiscence therapy: the remembrance of times past.

PMID- 3849466
TI  - A pill for an ill?

PMID- 3849467
TI  - Bf and C3 complement types in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Bf and C3 complement types were studied in 100 male and 100 females patients from
      northern Sweden with erosive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compared with
      population controls. A significantly decreased frequency of the Bf FS phenotype
      was found particularly in males and in patients with a family history of
      polyarthritis. Significant Bf associations were also found with a more severe
      form of RA (functional classes III and IV) and with high titers of the rheumatoid
      factor. No significant difference with respect to C3 phenotype and gene
      frequencies was found between RA patients and controls. Thus, the association
      between RA and C3F found in some previous investigations was not confirmed.

PMID- 3849468
TI  - Interesting insights: Guest editorial. Images of Israel: a focus of forces.

PMID- 3849469
TI  - Pain coping model and typology.

PMID- 3849470
TI  - Explaining primary care visits.

PMID- 3849471
TI  - Nursing care of the family with a chronically ill, hospitalized child: an
      alternative approach.

PMID- 3849472
TI  - Using nursing diagnosis to describe the clinical competence of baccalaureate and
      associate degree graduating students: a comparative study.

PMID- 3849473
TI  - A new confrontation: nursing education and computer technology.

PMID- 3849474
TI  - The participant philosophy in nursing science.

PMID- 3849475
TI  - Developing a new philosophy for an established school of nursing.

PMID- 3849476
TI  - The ANA code: a comparative perspective.

PMID- 3849478
TI  - Transcending space and time.

PMID- 3849477
TI  - Aging--a psychosomatic illness.

PMID- 3849479
TI  - The future of nursing education and nursing practice.

PMID- 3849480
TI  - The future and environmental health nursing.

PMID- 3849481
TI  - My most unforgettable patient.

PMID- 3849482
TI  - [Questionnaires for anxiety and depression].

PMID- 3849483
TI  - [Healthy youth: our best asset. World Health Day 1985].

PMID- 3849484
TI  - [Electrocardiographic symptomatology].

PMID- 3849485
TI  - [Menopause. When should the doctor be consulted?].

PMID- 3849486
TI  - [Health and life environment: health in a school environment from 5 to 7 years of
      age].

PMID- 3849487
TI  - [Mycoses].

PMID- 3849488
TI  - [General antifungal antibiotics].

PMID- 3849489
TI  - [Medical aspects of deep-sea diving].

PMID- 3849490
TI  - [Healthy youth: our best asset. Youth and drugs].

PMID- 3849491
TI  - [Youth and sexuality].

PMID- 3849492
TI  - [Arteriopathy of the lower limbs and Doppler].

PMID- 3849493
TI  - [Benign childhood parasitoses (oxyuriasis, ascaridiasis, taeniasis)].

PMID- 3849494
TI  - [The compromise of relinquishment].

PMID- 3849496
TI  - [Healthy youth: our best asset. The world wastes its best resource].

PMID- 3849495
TI  - [Prostaglandins in 1985].

PMID- 3849497
TI  - [Youth and risk].

PMID- 3849498
TI  - [Youth and participation].

PMID- 3849499
TI  - [Road traffic accidents].

PMID- 3849500
TI  - [Tobacco and health: in regard to nurses].

PMID- 3849501
TI  - [Nursing diagnosis: a good deed or a misdeed?].

PMID- 3849502
TI  - [For equal work, equal pay].

PMID- 3849503
TI  - [A fall that took him far].

PMID- 3849504
TI  - [Tolerance when faced with a deficiency].

PMID- 3849505
TI  - [Obtaining organs in Canada].

PMID- 3849506
TI  - [Voluntarism: the kingdom of free people].

PMID- 3849507
TI  - [The nursing diagnosis: its foundation is based on a conceptual model].

PMID- 3849508
TI  - [From cell to society].

PMID- 3849509
TI  - [Should one speak of death to patients with a poor prognosis?].

PMID- 3849510
TI  - Is triclosan susceptible to contamination?

PMID- 3849511
TI  - IV administration and tracheostomy care in the home.

PMID- 3849512
TI  - Infection control measures for the use of amniotic membranes.

PMID- 3849513
TI  - Use of personal items could present problems.

PMID- 3849514
TI  - Implementing a successful hepatitis B vaccination program.
AB  - Health care personnel with frequent blood contact are at high risk for being
      exposed to and developing hepatitis B infection. Exposure to unidentified
      infectious patients may lead to personnel inadvertently foregoing appropriate,
      passive immunoprophylaxis. For these reasons, our hospital elected to conduct an
      aggressive program to administer hepatitis B vaccine to all employees at high
      risk for exposure to hepatitis B virus, thus protecting such employees from
      inadvertent occupational exposure. Administrators agreed to offer the vaccine as
      a free employee health benefit. "High-risk" employees attended mandatory
      inservice presentations covering hepatitis B disease, vaccine safety and
      efficacy, and related concerns. High-risk individuals were required to either
      receive vaccine or sign "informed refusal" forms. The vaccine clinic was
      organized to accommodate employee work schedules. Of high-risk employees eligible
      for vaccination, 90% completed a three-dose vaccine course. Extensive inservice
      education, financial and administrative support, and careful advance planning are
      all crucial in achieving high compliance with vaccination programs. A description
      of key steps in designing a successful vaccination program is outlined.

PMID- 3849515
TI  - Klebsiella oxytoca isolates in a general hospital.
AB  - Primary infections caused by Klebsiella species are uncommon, but the organism is
      an important nosocomial pathogen. We report the predisposing factors, clinical
      features and outcome of 44 hospitalized patients in whom Klebsiella oxytoca was
      isolated. Twenty-one (48%) isolates were community-acquired and 23 (52%) were
      considered nosocomial in origin. Most of the patients were elderly males with
      serious underlying diseases. There were significant differences between those
      patients who acquired Klebsiella oxytoca in the hospital and in the community.
      Nosocomially acquired organisms were associated with a higher mortality (52% vs.
      24%) (p less than 0.05), a higher incidence of infection vs. colonization (83%
      vs. 57%) (p less than 0.05), and a higher percentage of cases of pneumonia (43%
      vs. 19%) (p less than 0.05). The clinical features, the hospital service and the
      patients' underlying diseases were similar when patients who died and those who
      survived were compared. Patients who died were exposed to antibiotics more often
      prior to the positive culture with K. oxytoca (p less than 0.05). K. oxytoca is a
      significant pathogen in hospitalized elderly patients. It is likely to cause
      infections, especially pneumonia, and carry a high mortality. The organism can
      become endemic within the hospital setting with continued carriage and nosocomial
      spread.

PMID- 3849516
TI  - Controlling urges and infections--computer system design for epidemiology.

PMID- 3849517
TI  - Do antibiotics interfere with host/bacterial interaction?

PMID- 3849518
TI  - Rubella prevention programs.

PMID- 3849519
TI  - The international implications of nursing education and practice.

PMID- 3849520
TI  - Return to Aswan: planning the course.

PMID- 3849522
TI  - First independent survey of National Council membership needs completed.

PMID- 3849521
TI  - Collective bargaining and organized nurses: correlation of support and
      participation.
AB  - The objective of this article was to list identified personal characteristics
      which are intrinsic to the respondents, irrespective of their profession or
      employment, and which influence their viewpoints and participation in collective
      bargaining. Little information is reported in the nursing literature which points
      out the similarities of nurses to other subsets of society. The belief systems of
      various sub-group affiliations can have greater influence on one's opinions than
      one's socialization to professional values or exposure to particular
      environments. The current investigation was of an explorative nature. Moreover,
      as with many surveys, the applicability of findings is limited to the respondent
      population. No significant correlations were identified for nurses who are
      financially dependent on the income from their position, union membership of a
      family member, hospital size, shift worked or full-time/part-time employment
      status. The identified correlates of participation in collective bargaining as
      seniority in bargaining units and employment, hierarchical employment position
      and involvement in the organizing campaign were consistent with findings
      regarding blue collar unionists. Perception and militance correlates of age,
      seniority in the profession and the bargaining unit, race, religion, sex,
      employment position, membership in the professional association prior to
      collective bargaining, involvement in the initial organizing campaign and
      geographic location are also supportive of previous findings. The major finding
      of this investigation was that a tendency toward negative perceptions was
      associated with a proclivity toward militance. This was particularly true for the
      professional model of collective bargaining.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3849523
TI  - Issues in Ontario: the standards of nursing practice.

PMID- 3849524
TI  - Licensing Canadian nurses: the perspective from New York.

PMID- 3849525
TI  - Nurse and physician collaboration: how to strengthen the team.

PMID- 3849526
TI  - Symposium on nursing diagnosis in critical care. Overview.

PMID- 3849527
TI  - A proposal for two new nursing diagnoses: potential for organ failure and
      potential for tissue destruction.

PMID- 3849528
TI  - A daily living functional health status perspective for nursing diagnosis and
      treatment in critical care nursing.

PMID- 3849529
TI  - Nursing diagnosis in critical care: reflections and future directions.

PMID- 3849530
TI  - The Fontan procedure.
AB  - The Fontan procedure has afforded improved surgical repair for several complex
      congenital cardiac defects, including tricuspid atresia and single ventricle.
      Through surgical creation of a connection between the RA and the RV or PA,
      adequate pulmonary perfusion can be achieved without an RV. Although it is not an
      anatomic connection, the Fontan procedure is a more physiologic approach than the
      previously used shunt procedures. Systemic venous return and PVR are effectively
      separated within the heart, pulmonary blood flow is assured through an RA-to-PA
      connection, and ventricular volume overload is avoided. The procedure has been
      effective in relieving cyanosis and has resulted in improved levels of exercise
      tolerance after surgery.

PMID- 3849531
TI  - A review of the use of computerized digital instrumentation to determine
      pulmonary artery pressure measurements in critically ill patients.

PMID- 3849532
TI  - A review and critique of the literature on preoxygenation for endotracheal
      suctioning.

PMID- 3849533
TI  - Pauses for reflection.

PMID- 3849535
TI  - Monitoring urinary bladder temperature.

PMID- 3849534
TI  - Anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation.
AB  - Thromboembolic complications are a major problem in patients with atrial
      fibrillation. This vignette presents the probabilities of thromboembolism in the
      various etiologies of atrial fibrillation and prophylactic management with
      anticoagulants.

PMID- 3849536
TI  - Phenotypic resistance to antimicrobial agents.

PMID- 3849537
TI  - Comparative activity of the penem antibiotic Sch 34343 against gram-negative and
      gram-positive bacteria with special reference to multiresistant strains.
AB  - A new penem antibiotic, Sch 34343, was shown to be active against a large number
      of Gram-positive bacteria. The drug inhibited penicillinase-positive and 
      negative staphylococci equally well, being five times more active than
      cefamandole and ten times more active than methicillin. Most methicillin
      resistant staphylococci were inhibited by concentrations between 0.25 and 4 mg/l,
      but a small group of highly resistant strains were observed. Sch 34343 was eight
      times less active than ampicillin and penicillin G, but as active as piperacillin
      against enterococci. The drug showed excellent activity against various
      streptococci. Sch 34343 was as bactericidal as flucloxacillin, ampicillin and
      penicillin G against staphylococci, enterococci and streptococci, respectively,
      in killing kinetic tests. Enterobacteriaceae susceptible to third-generation
      cephalosporins were approximately five times less susceptible to Sch 34343, but
      MICs were far below the susceptibility breakpoint. Sch 34343 was equally active
      against Citrobacter and Enterobacter strains that were highly resistant to third
      generation cephalosporins and to aztreonam. Together with thienamycin, this drug
      seems to be a good alternative for the treatment of infections caused by bacteria
      resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and to aztreonam.

PMID- 3849538
TI  - Comparative in-vitro activity of Sch 34343, a new penem antibiotic.
AB  - Using an agar dilution technique we examined the in-vitro activity of Sch 34343
      against 485 clinical bacterial isolates. Ampicillin, mezlocillin, cefuroxime,
      cefotaxime, cefotetan, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem (N-formimidoyl
      thienamycin) and gentamicin were used for comparison. Sch 34343 exhibited
      activity against all species tested, excepting Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
      Pseudomonas species. Unlike many newer beta-lactams, Sch 34343 was highly active
      against Gram-positive species. It was consistently active against the
      Enterobacteriaceae, with MIC50 and MIC90 being usually closely similar, as were
      results with two inoculum sizes (104 and 106 cfu). This, together with its
      activity against strains resistant to many other beta-lactam agents, suggested
      high stability to beta-lactamases. Sch 34343 was the most active compound tested
      against Bacteroides fragilis. In tests of combined bacteriostatic action with
      gentamicin no synergy was seen. It had bactericidal action in broth culture,
      against sensitive strains of E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus
      aureus and Streptococcus faecalis. It showed good stability in aqueous solution
      and serum at low temperatures at pH values in the physiological range, and was
      moderately stable at 37 degrees C. Binding in human plasma was 72%. We concluded
      that Sch 34343 is a highly promising agent with a broad spectrum of activity
      making it potentially suitable as monotherapy for patients with infection of
      undetermined bacterial aetiology, particularly if Bact. fragilis is a possible
      pathogen.

PMID- 3849539
TI  - Effects of elastase and cigarette smoke on alveolar epithelial permeability.
AB  - To determine whether instilled porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) increases
      alveolar epithelial permeability, we measured alveolar epithelium permeability X
      surface area (PS) for [14C]sucrose and 125I-bovine serum albumin (125I-BSA) in
      isolated perfused lungs from hamsters previously exposed to PPE and/or cigarette
      smoke. Saline (0.5 ml) with 0, 5, or 20 units PPE was instilled intratracheally
      in anesthetized hamsters. Those exposed to smoke for 4-6 wk received 0 or 5
      units; PS was measured 3 h later. Nonsmokers received 0, 5, or 20 units; PS was
      measured 3 h, 24 h, or 5 days later. Control PS values were (cm3/s X 10(-4), +/-
      SE) 0.84 +/- 0.11 for sucrose and 0.030 +/- 0.006 for BSA. Three and 24 h
      following 20 units PPE, (PS)sucrose was twice the control valve. (PS)BSA was four
      times control at 3 h but not significantly increased at 24 h. Five days after PPE
      both were back to control levels. Five units PPE or smoke exposure alone caused
      no PS changes. Smoke exposure and 5 units PPE caused (PS)sucrose to increase
      markedly (1.85 +/- 0.32); (PS)BSA was not significantly increased (0.076 +/-
      0.026). Thus instilled PPE causes reversible increases in alveolar epithelial PS;
      cigarette smoking potentiates this effect.

PMID- 3849540
TI  - Characterization of a rat tRNA gene cluster: comparison of nucleotide sequences
      of the gene for tRNALeu newly found in repeating units.
AB  - In the rat, DNA carrying a cluster of the genes for tRNAAsp, tRNAGly, and
      tRNAGlu, aligned in that order, is repeated about 10 times. Seven DNA clones
      corresponding to the independent repeating units were isolated from a rat gene
      library. Nucleotide sequence analysis of these clones revealed the presence of a
      fourth tRNA gene, the gene for tRNALeu, in the cluster. The tRNALeu gene is
      located about 600 base pairs (bp) upstream from the tRNAAsp gene and its polarity
      differs from those of the other three tRNA genes. Among the repeating units, the
      nucleotide sequence of tRNALeu is conserved to a relatively high degree.

PMID- 3849541
TI  - Ostomy dolls for pediatric patients.

PMID- 3849543
TI  - Time--the elusive stuff of which dreams are made.

PMID- 3849542
TI  - Accreditation versus nonaccreditation.

PMID- 3849544
TI  - The role of the ileoanal reservoir in patients with ulcerative colitis and
      familial polyposis.

PMID- 3849545
TI  - United Ostomy Association visits and adjustment following ostomy surgery.

PMID- 3849546
TI  - The rodless stoma: an alternative to the conventional loop.

PMID- 3849547
TI  - Marketing concepts and strategies for ET nurses.

PMID- 3849548
TI  - The psychologic impact of language on persons with ostomies.

PMID- 3849549
TI  - Pathways to excellence in the specialty organizations.

PMID- 3849550
TI  - Community assessment: its components and significance in planning health care
      programs.

PMID- 3849551
TI  - Nursing implications in the care of the ostomy patient receiving radiation and
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3849552
TI  - Practical considerations for conducting nursing research.

PMID- 3849553
TI  - Financial reimbursement for publication.

PMID- 3849554
TI  - Osteoporotic fractures exact a toll.

PMID- 3849555
TI  - An unchanging culture.

PMID- 3849556
TI  - Self care potential: is it present?

PMID- 3849557
TI  - Attitudes affect quality care.

PMID- 3849559
TI  - Skin care for older adults. Wound cleansing.

PMID- 3849558
TI  - Suicide in older adults.

PMID- 3849560
TI  - Promote family interaction.

PMID- 3849561
TI  - [Urinary kallikrein quantity and activity in normal pregnant women in the third
      trimester].
AB  - In this study, urinary kallikrein quantity and activity were measured by the
      kallikrein direct RIA and kininogenase activity with human low molecular weight
      kininogen in 32 non pregnant healthy women and 20 normal 3rd trimester pregnant
      women. There was no significant difference in urinary kallikrein quantity between
      non pregnant healthy women (n=32, 64.0 +/- 6.3 micrograms/day, mean +/- S.E.) and
      normal pregnant women (n=20, 68.1 +/- 10.1 micrograms/day). There was a
      significant difference (p less than 0.05) in urinary kallikrein activity between
      non pregnant healthy women (n=32, 496.2 +/- 57.2 micrograms kinin/day) and normal
      pregnant women (n=20, 319.5 +/- 48.1 micrograms kinin/day). The reason for no
      significant difference in the urinary kallikrein quantity may be that neither non
      pregnant women nor normal pregnant women have renal damage. And, one of the
      reasons for significant low urinary kallikrein activity in normal pregnant women
      may be that the sensitivity of blood vessels to angiotensin II in normal
      pregnancy is less than in non pregnancy.

PMID- 3849562
TI  - The Apostolate of Health Care Workers.

PMID- 3849563
TI  - Ruptured aneurysm in pregnancy.
AB  - Within the last ten years, twenty pregnant women with ruptured intracranial
      aneurysms were managed at Los Angeles County-University of Southern California
      Medical Center. Difficulties encountered in the care of these patients will be
      illustrated with case studies. In two patients, failure to diagnose subarachnoid
      hemorrhage delayed management. In another patient, cerebral vasospasm complicated
      the course. Selection of appropriate diagnostic tests, timing of surgery,
      importance of fetal monitoring, and method of delivery will be discussed.

PMID- 3849564
TI  - Increased intracranial pressure and its systemic effects.
AB  - The brain is capable of mediating complex regulatory functions in the
      cardiopulmonary and gastrointestinal systems. Increased intracranial pressure may
      have detrimental effects not only upon cerebral structure and function but also
      upon the cardiopulmonary and gastrointestinal systems. Although the
      manifestations of systemic dysfunction produced by cerebral disease have been
      defined, the precise role of the interaction and interrelationship of increased
      intracranial pressure and the nervous system pathways to specific organ systems
      in delineating the mechanisms of these manifestations continues to be a topic of
      inquiry.

PMID- 3849565
TI  - Focus on rehabilitation in the acute care setting: the role of the neuro clinical
      nurse specialist.
AB  - Establishment of an early rehabilitation program for patients with
      neurological/neurosurgical illness or injury is the focus of this article. The
      Neuroscience Clinical Nurse Specialist (NCNS) is identified as having a major
      responsibility in initiating early rehabilitation in the acute care setting.
      Development of the rehabilitation program is discussed through the NCNS's roles
      as educator, clinician, consultant, and researcher. Implementation of the
      rehabilitation program emphasizes the use of the nursing process, the role of the
      staff nurse, active patient and family participation, and use of the
      interdisciplinary team approach. General concepts rather than specific practices
      are used in order to present an overview of the role.

PMID- 3849566
TI  - Continuous somatosensory evoked potential monitoring in the NICU.
AB  - Monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) of head-injured patients is
      a frequent and interesting topic in the neuroscience nursing arena. Often,
      however, nursing involvement in the recording of somatosensory evoked potentials
      has been limited to observing the once a week procedure and documenting patient
      outcome. Active nursing involvement and input in this fast moving area of
      research has been developed in a large midwestern neuroscience center where
      nurses in the NICU are responsible for the continuous monitoring (24 hours a day)
      of somatosensory evoked potentials of the brain-injured patient. These nurses are
      accountable for an accurate clinical assessment of the patient, placement and
      upkeep of the monitoring equipment, and evaluation of the waveform for
      abnormalities. The purpose and physiology of the monitoring process and the
      aspects of nursing care will be discussed in this article.

PMID- 3849567
TI  - Problems in interpreting abnormal auditory brainstem responses in comatose
      patients.
AB  - Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) provide a way to evaluate central nervous
      system function in young, confused, uncooperative or comatose patients. Auditory
      brainstem responses represent activity in or around the vestibulocochlear (VIII)
      cranial nerve, cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex, lateral lemniscus, and
      inferior colliculus. Many factors affect recording of the auditory brainstem
      response. These factors include technical factors, chronic alcoholism,
      demyelinating diseases, ototoxic drugs, barbiturates, hearing loss, otitis media,
      and hypothermia.

PMID- 3849568
TI  - The primary nurse as a care giver in a neurology research setting.
AB  - Multiple sclerosis is a debilitating disease that is the focus of study in many
      clinical settings. In one center conducting research on multiple sclerosis, an
      investigational drug being studied is called polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid poly
      l-lysine (Poly-ICLC). The role of the primary nurse in this research project is
      described and discussed. A case presentation is included to illustrate how a
      patient receives continuity of professional nursing care while participating in a
      research protocol.

PMID- 3849569
TI  - Primary nursing. Teamwork is the answer.
AB  - Eight years of experience with primary nursing in a 750-bed acute care teaching
      hospital revealed several persistent problems: isolationism among nurses,
      communication problems between nurses and physicians, inadequate documentation,
      and insufficient time for patient and staff education, resulting in frustration
      for the nursing staff. By combining the basic elements of primary and team
      nursing, a 3-month pilot in one unit resulted in improved job satisfaction for
      professional staff, improved quality assurance scores, and increased physician
      nurse communication.

PMID- 3849570
TI  - Informed consent. An update.
AB  - A review of recent case law demonstrates that there is little agreement regarding
      either the amount of disclosure required for informed consent or the person who
      must present the information for informed consent. Examples of objective
      standards, subjective standards, and statutory standards are presented, as well
      as the impact of these recent developments on nursing practice.

PMID- 3849572
TI  - Cultivating minor mentors.

PMID- 3849571
TI  - Use of physician-hired nurses. A survey.
AB  - The results of a survey conducted on the practice of using physician-hired nurses
      in hospitals are reported. Nursing administrators need information on the nursing
      services that are being provided in direct association with the medical practice
      of physicians, particularly when those services influence the quality and cost
      effectiveness of patient care. The information can be used to plan more effective
      approaches to the delivery of nursing health care services.

PMID- 3849573
TI  - Very low birth weight infant care.

PMID- 3849574
TI  - Nursing management of mastitis due to breastfeeding.
AB  - Mastitis secondary to breastfeeding is a very preventable condition in which the
      nurse can play a large role. The physiology of normal breastfeeding and the
      pathophysiology of mastitis are presented, along with nursing interventions and
      techniques with scientific rationale to prevent and treat mastitis.

PMID- 3849575
TI  - Pregnancy and sexuality.
AB  - Sexuality is an integral part of the human experience. Pregnancy is a time of
      adjustment, and the pregnant couple has a special need for information, guidance,
      and education during this period. Descriptions of various physiologic and
      emotional changes caused by pregnancy, with suggested nursing interventions, are
      presented.

PMID- 3849576
TI  - Amniotic band syndrome.
AB  - Amniotic band syndrome results from a tear in the amnion, due to unknown
      etiology, which allows amniotic fluid and fetal parts to escape from the amnion
      into the chorion. Defects resulting from amniotic band syndrome are described.
      Management of the infant by a multidisciplinary, team approach is advised. Areas
      for further research are recommended.

PMID- 3849577
TI  - Lactation suppression. Nonpharmaceutical versus pharmaceutical method.
AB  - Mothers bottle feeding their infants need an adequate method of lactation
      suppression to prevent/lessen discomfort related to breast engorgement. This
      study compared the effectiveness of a non- pharmaceutical method (ice and tight
      bra) of suppressing lactation to a pharmaceutical therapy (bromocriptine
      mesylate). The sample consisted of 36 subjects who used the pharmaceutical
      therapy (drug group) and 17 subjects who used the non-pharmaceutical method
      (protocol group). The data showed that the drug group had significantly less
      engorgement, milk production, and discomfort on the fourth postpartum day, but
      the lactation process was prolonged until postpartum day nine or 16. The protocol
      group had more engorgement, milk leakage, and discomfort on postpartum day four,
      but the lactation process was completed before postpartum day 16.

PMID- 3849578
TI  - Mothers' use of knowledge during the first postpartum weeks.
AB  - Throughout their hospital stay, mothers are inundated with information relating
      to physical and psychosocial aspects of self care, as well as infant physical
      care, feeding, and behavior. However, the mother's perception of the usefulness
      of this information varies. This study explores 1) What information regarding
      self care and infant care do mothers find useful during the first week home? and
      2) What additional information would be helpful? The use of knowledge was
      determined by the 78 mothers' responses to a self-administered questionnaire.
      Results indicated that mothers were using much of the information presented
      during their hospital stay. Some of the mothers designated areas for additional
      teaching.

PMID- 3849580
TI  - Body image attitudes during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
AB  - Research was conducted to investigate postpartal women's attitudes toward their
      body image; these attitudes were then compared to their pre-pregnant and pregnant
      body image attitudes. A repeated measures design was used, with data collected at
      two and six weeks postpartum. Pregnant and pre-pregnant attitudes were collected
      retrospectively. A nonrandom, convenience sample of 63 multiparas and primiparas
      was used. The results indicated that the subjects had a slightly positive
      attitude toward their postpartum body image; multiparas felt more positive about
      their postpartum body image than did the primiparas; the women felt more positive
      about their pre-pregnant body image than about their postpartum body image; and
      the women felt more positive about their postpartum body image than about their
      pregnant body image.

PMID- 3849579
TI  - Anesthesia, analgesia for vaginal childbirth. Differences in maternal
      perceptions.
AB  - An exploratory study of 77 primiparous women during the first 48 hours postpartum
      tested for differences between those who had received epidural anesthesia, those
      who had received analgesia during labor with local or pudendal block for
      delivery, and those who had received no analgesia and either no anesthesia or
      local or pudendal block for delivery. No group differences were found in self
      esteem, feelings about the childbirth experience at the time of delivery, or
      maternal perception of her infant as compared to her perception of an average
      infant. Those receiving epidural anesthesia had less positive feelings about the
      childbirth experience at the time of the interview, but they described their
      views of their infants at birth more positively and with more identifying remarks
      than either of the other two groups. No differences were found in self-esteem,
      feelings about the childbirth experience at time of delivery or at the time of
      interview, or maternal perception of the newborn compared to that of an average
      infant by those who attended childbirth classes and those who did not.

PMID- 3849581
TI  - Regional citrate anticoagulation: a report of 10 month's experience.

PMID- 3849582
TI  - Reflections for the future.

PMID- 3849583
TI  - Counseling the sexually dysfunctioning hemodialysis patient.

PMID- 3849584
TI  - A dialysis "quick look" reference Kardex.

PMID- 3849585
TI  - Client teaching in a hemodialysis multidisciplinary educational/support group.

PMID- 3849586
TI  - Nutrition basics.

PMID- 3849587
TI  - Benefits derived from a multidisciplinary educational/support group.

PMID- 3849588
TI  - Orem's self-care theory of nursing: practical application to the end stage renal
      disease (ESRD) patient.

PMID- 3849589
TI  - Chronic self-destructiveness as manifested by noncompliance behavior in the
      hemodialysis patient.

PMID- 3849590
TI  - [Enzymochemical studies on pancreatic elastase. III. Zymogen-like elastase
      originating from the pancreas in the blood].

PMID- 3849591
TI  - Behavioral management of insomnia.

PMID- 3849592
TI  - Child psychiatric nursing. The gap between need and utilization.

PMID- 3849593
TI  - Self-help therapy in Parents Anonymous.

PMID- 3849594
TI  - Therapy for men who batter.

PMID- 3849595
TI  - Cabbage patch syndrome.

PMID- 3849596
TI  - Asians and medication.

PMID- 3849597
TI  - Burnout. Can social support save the psych nurse?

PMID- 3849598
TI  - "Wet-look" hairstyle linked to ocular complaints.

PMID- 3849599
TI  - Instrument care know-how saves money.

PMID- 3849600
TI  - Soft lens cleaning and disinfection.

PMID- 3849601
TI  - Clinical tests for myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 3849602
TI  - Radial keratotomy: a continuing controversy.

PMID- 3849603
TI  - [Effects of KS-R1 (ampicillin suppository) and ampicillin oral dosing on fecal
      flora of children].
AB  - A newly developed product, KS-R1 (a suppository containing 250 mg potency of
      ampicillin (ABPC)), was given to 7 children (5 boys and 2 girls) ranging from 4
      years and 5 months to 8 years and 10 months in age, 3 times a day (average daily
      dose, 62.4 mg/kg) for 5 days. As a control, the same amount of ABPC dry syrup was
      given orally to 7 children (4 boys and 3 girls) ranging from 2 years and 8 months
      to 7 years and 7 months in age, 3 times a day (average daily dose, 55.3 mg/kg)
      for 5 days. The effects of these 2 preparations on the bacterial flora of the
      feces were investigated, and concentrations of ABPC in the feces and
      sensitivities of the isolated strains to ABPC were determined. The results were
      as follows. As for Gram-negative bacilli in the feces from children given KS-R1,
      there was no change in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Citrobacter sp. and
      Enterobacter sp. which were isolated from many children 3 days after the end of
      treatment, but they did not show any constant pattern of change in mean number.
      Other species did not show any pattern of increase in the number of children from
      whom they were isolated, or in the number of bacteria during the course after the
      beginning of treatment. The total number of bacteria identified as
      Enterobacteriaceae was at the level of 10(8) cells/g on any day of examination.
      Of Gram-negative bacilli other than Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas sp. showed no
      constant pattern of change in number. On the other hand, of Gram-positive
      bacteria, there was no constant pattern of change in the number of Staphylococcus
      aureus, Coagulase-negative Staphylococci began to be isolated from many children
      5 days after the beginning of treatment and were isolated from all children 5
      days after the end of treatment, but there was no tendency for the mean number to
      increase. Enterococcus sp. was not isolated from 3 children 3 days after the
      beginning of treatment, and was decreased in number by one order in 3 out of
      other 4 children as compared with before-treatment. However, this species was
      isolated from all children 3 days after the end of treatment, and the mean number
      of bacteria was similar to that before-treatment although the number of bacteria
      was different in individual children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3849604
TI  - [A depressor substance system in hypertension].

PMID- 3849605
TI  - [The frontier science and nursing. Symposium: the development and present status
      of science].

PMID- 3849606
TI  - [The frontier science and nursing. Discussion: the transfigurations of science
      and nursing].

PMID- 3849607
TI  - [External compression with elastic bandages and its effect on the peripheral
      circulation during skin traction].

PMID- 3849608
TI  - [Discussion about "A correspondence to the patients seemed to be crabbed"].

PMID- 3849609
TI  - [Discussion about "A correspondence to the patients seemed to be crabbed"].

PMID- 3849610
TI  - [Implications and limitations (I)].

PMID- 3849611
TI  - [The difference of the mode of thoughts and communications between Japan and
      U.S.A].

PMID- 3849612
TI  - [Discussion: about the systems supporting research in practice].

PMID- 3849613
TI  - A pharmacological manipulation of testicular function for rational therapeutic
      approach to male infertility: experimental and clinical data.

PMID- 3849614
TI  - Comparable worth: economic issue of the '80s--in Kansas?

PMID- 3849615
TI  - Comparable worth fact sheet.

PMID- 3849616
TI  - Nursing in Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 3849617
TI  - "Visiting nurse" in Haiti--1985.

PMID- 3849618
TI  - Hansen's disease: a worldwide problem, occurs in the U.S., also.

PMID- 3849619
TI  - Nurses' perceptions of continuing education in Kansas.

PMID- 3849620
TI  - Continuing nursing education in a rural setting: two providers' approaches.

PMID- 3849622
TI  - Acupuncture therapy in the treatment of chronic head, neck and neck-related pain.

PMID- 3849621
TI  - Serum elastase 1 in chronic pancreatic disease.
AB  - Elastase 1 and immunoreactive trypsin were assessed by a RIA technique in the
      sera of 29 control subjects, 24 pancreatic cancer patients, 22 patients with
      chronic pancreatitis and 31 with extra-pancreatic diseases to ascertain and
      compare their usefulness in chronic pancreatic disease diagnosis. Increased
      levels of elastase 1 were detected in 60.9% of pancreatic cancer and in 61.1% of
      chronic pancreatitis patients; low values were found in only two subjects with
      pancreatic disease. A close correlation between the two enzymes was found in
      patients suffering from pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. These data
      suggest that serum elastase 1, as well as immunoreactive trypsin, is of limited
      value in chronic pancreatic disease diagnosis; increased levels of the two
      enzymes always occur simultaneously; low immunoreactive trypsin values together
      with normal elastase 1 serum levels are detectable in a number of patients with
      chronic pancreatitis and severe exocrine insufficiency.

PMID- 3849623
TI  - The effect of acupuncture in 40 cases of endocrinic ophthalmopathy.

PMID- 3849624
TI  - 86 cases of insomnia treated by double point needling--daling through to waiguan.

PMID- 3849625
TI  - Clinical observation on 111 cases of asthma treated by acupuncture and
      moxibustion.

PMID- 3849626
TI  - Acupuncture therapy in 49 cases of postpartum urinary retention.

PMID- 3849627
TI  - Short-term effect in 135 cases of enuresis treated by wrist-ankle needling.

PMID- 3849629
TI  - Electro-acupuncture vs. amitriptyline in the treatment of depressive states.

PMID- 3849628
TI  - The effect of toosendanin on monkey botulism.

PMID- 3849630
TI  - Effect of "764-1" eyedrops on ultrastructure of corneal scars in rabbits.

PMID- 3849632
TI  - Studies on pharmacological action of saponin of the root of Anemone raddeana.

PMID- 3849631
TI  - Preliminary study of the effect of "764-1" eyedrops on the biochemical
      constituents of corneal scar in rabbits.

PMID- 3849633
TI  - Salvaging rats with decompression sickness by injection of ginseng and
      Ligustrazini co. without recompression.

PMID- 3849634
TI  - Clinical observation on the efficacy of 764-1 eyedrops in the treatment of
      corneal scars.

PMID- 3849636
TI  - [Scientific and feministic approach to health (dialog)].

PMID- 3849635
TI  - [Cognitive structure of nursing student on bioethics. (2). IVF (in vitro
      fertilization)].

PMID- 3849637
TI  - [Improving the problems in nursing administration].

PMID- 3849638
TI  - [Considerations about staff development: toward improvement of nursing (2)].

PMID- 3849639
TI  - [Searching for an effective instruction method of clinical practice of student
      nurses].

PMID- 3849640
TI  - [A teaching-learning method of blood pressure measurement].

PMID- 3849641
TI  - [Students self-evaluation of nursing practice in their graduating grade].

PMID- 3849642
TI  - [Patient education and nursing research (dialog)].

PMID- 3849643
TI  - Cancer as a preventable disease.

PMID- 3849644
TI  - Diet and cancer prevention.

PMID- 3849645
TI  - Using four simple steps, physicians do influence smoking behavior.

PMID- 3849647
TI  - Public perception of cancer risk and prevention: implications for physicians.

PMID- 3849646
TI  - Estrogens and endometrial cancer.

PMID- 3849648
TI  - Cancer risk reduction: a focus on physicians.

PMID- 3849649
TI  - Cancer statistics in Maryland and the United States.

PMID- 3849650
TI  - Resources: cancer prevention.

PMID- 3849651
TI  - Breast masses: screening and management.

PMID- 3849652
TI  - The impaired physician. The target of our concern.

PMID- 3849653
TI  - Carcinogenic risk assessment: concepts and issues.

PMID- 3849654
TI  - Clinical magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3849655
TI  - Osteoarthritis X: Cervical spondylosis.

PMID- 3849656
TI  - Atypical Lyme disease or forme fruste.

PMID- 3849657
TI  - What a physician should know about ovarian cancer.

PMID- 3849658
TI  - Supreme Court upholds Mass. Mental Health Benefit Law.

PMID- 3849659
TI  - The future of health care: four critical variables.

PMID- 3849660
TI  - Home care/hospice for the AIDS patient.

PMID- 3849661
TI  - An Australian experience.

PMID- 3849662
TI  - The midwives' dilemma.

PMID- 3849663
TI  - Pain relief in labour--the introduction of an obstetric epidural analgesia
      service.

PMID- 3849664
TI  - The Asian mother--and her expectations.

PMID- 3849666
TI  - Getting involved in research.

PMID- 3849665
TI  - The abandoned baby.

PMID- 3849667
TI  - Breast-feeding and premature babies: guidelines for nurses.

PMID- 3849668
TI  - Test-weighing breast-fed babies: how accurate is it?

PMID- 3849669
TI  - Development of a breast milk banking program at a University Medical Center
      "nursing at a distance".

PMID- 3849670
TI  - Neonatal seizures: Part I. A developmental and clinical understanding.

PMID- 3849671
TI  - Activation of complement pathways by univalent antibody derivatives with intact
      Fc zones.
AB  - The ability of two univalent antibody derivatives to invoke complement-mediated
      lysis of guinea-pig L2C leukemic lymphocytes was investigated. The derivatives
      were Fab/c from rabbit IgG antibody, in which only one Fab arm is removed from
      the parent molecule and FabFc in which Fab gamma, from peptic digestion of sheep
      IgG antibody, is disulfide-bonded to the Fc gamma yielded by papain digestion of
      an arbitrary IgG. Antibody activity was directed against surface IgM on the
      target cells. Both derivatives could invoke lysis via the classical pathway in
      the presence of rabbit complement. Exposure of the cells to the derivatives at 37
      degrees C before introducing complement yielded no protective antigenic
      modulation. At low complement concns the derivatives were more efficient than the
      parent antibodies at invoking lysis, apparently due to the fact that the
      derivatives do not cause modulation: it appears that cells can undergo a useful
      degree of modulation when confronted simultaneously by bivalent antibody and low
      levels of complement. The Fab/c preparations were also able to invoke lysis by
      guinea-pig complement. Lysis occurred under conditions where activation took
      place only via the classical pathway (in dilute complement) or only via the
      alternative pathway (in the absence of calcium ions, or in C4-deficient guinea
      pig serum). The results demonstrate that there is no need for two antigen-binding
      Fab arms in antibody activation of either the classical or alternative complement
      pathways. They favour models requiring clustering of Fc regions rather than
      steric changes which might follow binding of antigen.

PMID- 3849672
TI  - Beating the body snatchers at their own game.

PMID- 3849673
TI  - Getting what you want: negotiating nursing salaries.

PMID- 3849674
TI  - A patient classification system in home health care.

PMID- 3849676
TI  - How nurses can cope with the changing labor market.

PMID- 3849675
TI  - Marketing--a must in a competitive health-care system.

PMID- 3849677
TI  - Supporting staff through decentralization.

PMID- 3849678
TI  - Radical new college plans for PHC rejig.

PMID- 3849679
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Radical rethink.

PMID- 3849680
TI  - Ageing--the universal human experience.

PMID- 3849682
TI  - RCN to ensure a fair deal for nursing. College invited to report to DHSS skill
      mix review.

PMID- 3849681
TI  - Meeting needs of the consumer.

PMID- 3849683
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Not a factory.

PMID- 3849684
TI  - Plight of carers.

PMID- 3849685
TI  - Substance abuse.

PMID- 3849686
TI  - [Preparation for institutionalization. An essential condition for the adaptation
      to an admission unit].

PMID- 3849688
TI  - The nurse-midwife. O.I.I.Q. position paper.

PMID- 3849687
TI  - [Violence towards the elderly].

PMID- 3849689
TI  - [Violence against women. Results of a mini survey regarding nursing
      interventions].

PMID- 3849690
TI  - [Vigilance and prudence. The real assets of the elderly faced with drugs].

PMID- 3849691
TI  - [Drugs and the third age. A far-reaching problem].

PMID- 3849693
TI  - [The professional: his rights and responsibilities].

PMID- 3849692
TI  - [The admission unit. A stimulating workplace].

PMID- 3849694
TI  - Productivity: managing for the long term.

PMID- 3849695
TI  - Organ transplantation, Part I. Law for the nurse manager.

PMID- 3849696
TI  - Determining patient needs after discharge.

PMID- 3849698
TI  - Marketing the emergency department.

PMID- 3849697
TI  - Designing a brief discharge planning screen.

PMID- 3849699
TI  - The perioperative educator: fourteen tips for survival.

PMID- 3849700
TI  - What satisfies nurses enough to keep them?

PMID- 3849701
TI  - The organization game.

PMID- 3849702
TI  - Art & science of management. Planning.

PMID- 3849703
TI  - Integrating acuity: the frugal road to safe care.

PMID- 3849705
TI  - Discharge planning for continuity of care.

PMID- 3849704
TI  - The health implications of hazardous waste.

PMID- 3849706
TI  - Discharge planning for continuity of care. The service population.

PMID- 3849707
TI  - Discharge planning for continuity of care. Patient and family involvement.

PMID- 3849708
TI  - Discharge planning for continuity of care. Human resources: roles and
      interdisciplinary relationships.

PMID- 3849709
TI  - Discharge planning for continuity of care. Program design: components and
      coordination.

PMID- 3849710
TI  - Discharge planning for continuity of care. Documentation.

PMID- 3849711
TI  - Discharge planning for continuity of care. Quality assurance.

PMID- 3849712
TI  - The Georgia Baptist Medical Center discharge planning model.

PMID- 3849713
TI  - An educator's perspective: discharge planning model.

PMID- 3849714
TI  - Hospital discharge planning for continuity of care: the national perspective.

PMID- 3849715
TI  - Do not ignore the physician in discharge planning.

PMID- 3849716
TI  - Discharge planning for continuity of care. Definitions, goals, benefits,
      principles.

PMID- 3849717
TI  - The Yeshiva decision: implications for nursing education.

PMID- 3849718
TI  - The Rutgers experience: one perspective on service-education collaboration.

PMID- 3849719
TI  - Faculty practice that works: two examples. We call it clinical consultancy.

PMID- 3849720
TI  - It often falls short of nirvana, but....

PMID- 3849721
TI  - The perils and joys of collaborative research.

PMID- 3849722
TI  - Assigning publication credits.

PMID- 3849723
TI  - Orchestrating a career.

PMID- 3849724
TI  - Statement on associate degree nursing.

PMID- 3849725
TI  - The feedback lecture method: stimulating active learning.

PMID- 3849726
TI  - Seen, but not heard.

PMID- 3849727
TI  - Sunshine homes.

PMID- 3849728
TI  - Speaking for themselves.

PMID- 3849729
TI  - Man of morals. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3849730
TI  - Nursing process. How one nurse was converted.

PMID- 3849731
TI  - Given the key of the door.

PMID- 3849733
TI  - Systems of life No. 128. Setting up the systems--28. Development of the brain.

PMID- 3849732
TI  - Budgeting for beginners. Good housekeeping.

PMID- 3849734
TI  - Backchat: 'I've done that one'.

PMID- 3849735
TI  - Putting fright to flight.

PMID- 3849736
TI  - Audrey Emerton. The UKCC's new face. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3849737
TI  - Nursing theory. It's all right in theory...

PMID- 3849738
TI  - Guidelines for success.

PMID- 3849739
TI  - Redundancy. On the scrap heap?

PMID- 3849741
TI  - The education debate. Future perfect?. Interview by Betty Kershaw.

PMID- 3849740
TI  - Redundancy. A time of opportunity.

PMID- 3849742
TI  - Nursing process. Real plans for real patients.

PMID- 3849743
TI  - An identity crisis.

PMID- 3849744
TI  - Croup--to treat or not to treat.

PMID- 3849745
TI  - Geriatric nursing. The institutional trap.

PMID- 3849746
TI  - Geriatric nursing. Put yourself in their shoes.

PMID- 3849747
TI  - Geriatric nursing. Lessons from America.

PMID- 3849749
TI  - I heard it on the grapevine.

PMID- 3849748
TI  - Backchat. Cosmetic changes?

PMID- 3849750
TI  - Mine's a vodka and orange.

PMID- 3849751
TI  - Management of indwelling urethral catheters.

PMID- 3849752
TI  - Professional probe. 4. Best of both worlds. Interview by Catharine Sadler.

PMID- 3849753
TI  - Legislation. 5. The dawn of a new era.

PMID- 3849754
TI  - Midwifery revision. 1. Epidural analgesia.

PMID- 3849756
TI  - Stoma care. 2. The right appliance.

PMID- 3849755
TI  - Management. Griffiths at ward level.

PMID- 3849757
TI  - Nurses in society. Exercise Hobson's choice.

PMID- 3849758
TI  - Vigil on the vulnerable.

PMID- 3849759
TI  - Nursing care study. Decline into dementia.

PMID- 3849760
TI  - Psychiatry. Kith, kin and conflict.

PMID- 3849761
TI  - Nurses in society. Women and the media.

PMID- 3849763
TI  - Whose life is it anyway?

PMID- 3849762
TI  - Clinical. A pace apart.

PMID- 3849764
TI  - They also serve who only stand and wait.

PMID- 3849765
TI  - Professional probe. 2. That worrying habit. Interview by Catharine Sadler.

PMID- 3849766
TI  - Legislation. 3. The swinging sixties.

PMID- 3849767
TI  - Misleading figures.

PMID- 3849768
TI  - Education. Learning to communicate.

PMID- 3849769
TI  - Practice. Room for choice.

PMID- 3849770
TI  - Clinical revision series. 16. Overcoming the pain.

PMID- 3849771
TI  - Mental health. Getting to grips with groups.

PMID- 3849772
TI  - A part of life.

PMID- 3849774
TI  - Crown immunity. Untouched by law.

PMID- 3849773
TI  - Lead--on the level?

PMID- 3849775
TI  - Mental handicap. Big brother or big benefit?. Interview by Martin Vousden.

PMID- 3849776
TI  - Legislation. 4. The radical years.

PMID- 3849777
TI  - Stoma care. 1. Selecting a site.

PMID- 3849778
TI  - Nurses in society. Getting into print.

PMID- 3849779
TI  - Management. A team approach to selection.

PMID- 3849781
TI  - Practice. A sore point.

PMID- 3849780
TI  - Making a valid point.

PMID- 3849782
TI  - Professional probe. 3. Catering for the patient. Interview by Catharine Sadler.

PMID- 3849783
TI  - Clinical revision series. 17. Preparing to die.

PMID- 3849784
TI  - Midwifery. A family affair.

PMID- 3849785
TI  - Education. Opting for optimum numbers.

PMID- 3849786
TI  - It's time to admit our weaknesses.

PMID- 3849787
TI  - Fighting for health in Afghanistan.

PMID- 3849788
TI  - The organization and operation of oncology units.

PMID- 3849789
TI  - Family perceptions: the role of the nurse throughout an adult's cancer
      experience.

PMID- 3849791
TI  - The development of an antineoplastic drug education program.

PMID- 3849790
TI  - Implementing the ONS education standards. An oncology clinical elective.

PMID- 3849792
TI  - Evolving patient education needs in cancer.

PMID- 3849793
TI  - Outcome standards for public cancer education: the Foundation for Community
      Education Programs.

PMID- 3849794
TI  - Ovarian cancer: patient information booklet.

PMID- 3849795
TI  - Try, try again.

PMID- 3849796
TI  - Choosing multiple instruments to measure the quality of life.

PMID- 3849797
TI  - Recommendations for controlling costs in the university teaching hospital
      operating room.

PMID- 3849798
TI  - Implementing cost containment: conceptual approaches, role of staff, and key
      challenges.

PMID- 3849799
TI  - Enhancing relations between the operating room and central supply.

PMID- 3849801
TI  - Professional survival tips: organizing a vendor fair.

PMID- 3849802
TI  - Research: from concept to variable.

PMID- 3849800
TI  - Innovations and excellence: quality ambulatory surgery.

PMID- 3849803
TI  - Tissue kallikrein levels and synthesis rates are not changed by an acute
      physiological dose of aldosterone.
AB  - Tissue kallikrein content and rate of synthesis have been measured in the kidney
      and submaxillary gland of the rat after a single physiological dose of
      aldosterone, and during the time in which the physiological effects of
      aldosterone are evident. No change in the renal cortical tissue content of
      immunoreactive kallikrein, in either adrenalectomized or sham-operated animals,
      was seen within 3 hr of the administration of aldosterone. The kininogenase
      activity of these samples also did not change. The rates of kallikrein synthesis
      in the submaxillary gland and the whole kidney were measured by specific
      immunoprecipitation of kallikrein after 20 min of [35S]methionine incorporation,
      and again no aldosterone effect was seen. We conclude that, under the conditions
      of these experiments, aldosterone does not induce the synthesis of tissue
      kallikrein in either the submaxillary gland or the kidney.

PMID- 3849804
TI  - Biochemical properties and possible therapeutic role of the elastase inhibitor
      eglin C.

PMID- 3849805
TI  - A rate of return analysis of the nursing profession in the Philippines.

PMID- 3849807
TI  - On the labor front.

PMID- 3849806
TI  - A study on the perceptions of nurses in a tertiary hospital on strike.

PMID- 3849808
TI  - The Mobile Nursing Clinic: a model health care facility for providing primary
      health care services to three selected communities in Benguet Province, Northern
      Luzon, Philippines.

PMID- 3849809
TI  - A report on the implementation of the new BSN curriculum.

PMID- 3849810
TI  - [Our postulates].

PMID- 3849811
TI  - [Diagnosis once more].

PMID- 3849812
TI  - [Nursing diagnosis from a different view].

PMID- 3849813
TI  - [Program '85].

PMID- 3849814
TI  - [How much does health cost. 2. The financing of health care].

PMID- 3849816
TI  - [Councillor. Interview by Henryk Gluza].

PMID- 3849815
TI  - [Psychological aspects of cerebral stroke].

PMID- 3849817
TI  - [The most difficult aspect of personnel. Interview by Maria Lesnikowska].

PMID- 3849818
TI  - [Accessible care. Interview by I. Krysiak].

PMID- 3849819
TI  - [Surgical treatment of obesity].

PMID- 3849820
TI  - [You can see yourself better in eyeglasses].

PMID- 3849822
TI  - The role of the professional association provider.

PMID- 3849821
TI  - [How to plan the number of personnel?].

PMID- 3849823
TI  - Dual trauma of spinal cord injury in adolescence.

PMID- 3849824
TI  - Maximizing learning in the adult with SCI.

PMID- 3849825
TI  - Bridge building--linking a spinal cord unit to a skilled nursing facility.

PMID- 3849826
TI  - Components of rehabilitation nursing practice advancement.

PMID- 3849827
TI  - The value of physical therapy in improving gait in multiple sclerosis: a research
      design.

PMID- 3849828
TI  - Sexual dysfunction after treatment for genitourinary cancers.

PMID- 3849829
TI  - The effect of cancer therapy on gonadal function.

PMID- 3849830
TI  - Pregnancy and cancer.

PMID- 3849831
TI  - Sexuality and the adolescent with cancer.

PMID- 3849832
TI  - Sexuality and the elderly cancer patient.

PMID- 3849833
TI  - Understanding sexuality in progressive cancer.

PMID- 3849834
TI  - The sexual knowledge and attitudes of oncology nurses: implications for nursing
      education.

PMID- 3849835
TI  - Sexual assessment and counseling.

PMID- 3849836
TI  - Nursing assessment of cancer pain.

PMID- 3849837
TI  - The child who is hurting.

PMID- 3849838
TI  - The evolving role of the oncology nurse in managing cancer pain.

PMID- 3849839
TI  - Cancer pain.

PMID- 3849840
TI  - The perception and experience of pain.

PMID- 3849841
TI  - Measurement and prevalence of pain in cancer.

PMID- 3849842
TI  - Pain in patients with cancer: profile of patients and common pain syndromes.

PMID- 3849843
TI  - [The lower urogenital tract in man (3). Testicle, epididymis, vas deferens].

PMID- 3849844
TI  - [Role of the circulating nurse].

PMID- 3849845
TI  - [Tympanoplasty. Closed surgical technics].

PMID- 3849846
TI  - [Tympanoplasty. Non-conservative or open technics].

PMID- 3849848
TI  - [Complications of tympanoplasty].

PMID- 3849847
TI  - [Tympanoplasty. Postoperative care].

PMID- 3849849
TI  - [Homograft failures].

PMID- 3849850
TI  - [Role of the nurse with a patient before tympanoplasty surgery].

PMID- 3849851
TI  - [Report of a case. Curettage and tympanoplasty in an adult].

PMID- 3849852
TI  - [Report of a case: tympanoplasty in a child].

PMID- 3849853
TI  - [Antiseptics. Prevention and treatment of surgical infection using antiseptics].

PMID- 3849854
TI  - [Health: a multidisciplinary matter].

PMID- 3849856
TI  - [Drug trials in man].

PMID- 3849855
TI  - [Change and resistance to change in a health care unit].

PMID- 3849857
TI  - [Crohn's disease].

PMID- 3849858
TI  - [Acute dyspnea in infants].

PMID- 3849859
TI  - [Continuing professional education].

PMID- 3849860
TI  - [Psychiatry and departmentalization. Nursing care and mental health].

PMID- 3849861
TI  - [Clear-fluid meningitis and meningoencephalitis].

PMID- 3849862
TI  - [When pregnancy can't rhyme with youth].

PMID- 3849863
TI  - [Cirrhosis of the liver].

PMID- 3849864
TI  - [Alcohol, tobacco and drugs].

PMID- 3849865
TI  - [Vaccination].

PMID- 3849866
TI  - [Foods (I)].

PMID- 3849868
TI  - [The importance of hand hygiene in the assessment of hospital infection].

PMID- 3849867
TI  - [Deep venous thrombosis].

PMID- 3849869
TI  - [Transplantation].

PMID- 3849870
TI  - [Legislative role and administrative organization of organ transplants].

PMID- 3849871
TI  - Where hospitals will get ICU nurses.

PMID- 3849872
TI  - When you need drive to get ahead.

PMID- 3849873
TI  - If a patient keeps coming back.

PMID- 3849874
TI  - How wide is the generation gap in nursing?

PMID- 3849875
TI  - Step-by-step guide to trouble-free IV chemotherapy.

PMID- 3849876
TI  - What will you do after CPR? A self-test.

PMID- 3849877
TI  - How to use an implantable infusion pump.

PMID- 3849878
TI  - Which postop patient faces the greatest respiratory risk?

PMID- 3849880
TI  - Deep breathing and coughing: how to do them right.

PMID- 3849879
TI  - If your patient does suffer respiratory failure.

PMID- 3849881
TI  - The patient on a ventilator.

PMID- 3849882
TI  - Electroshock: exploding the myth.

PMID- 3849883
TI  - The patient who wants help with a will.

PMID- 3849884
TI  - Hypertension: salt isn't the only culprit.

PMID- 3849885
TI  - Making mRNA from a pair of precursors.

PMID- 3849886
TI  - [Nursing care: hemoculture].

PMID- 3849887
TI  - [Epidemiology and treatment of chronic alcoholism. Prospective study in a medical
      unit at Saint-Brieuc].

PMID- 3849888
TI  - [Cost of nursing care for hospitalized alcoholics in a hepatology unit. Methods
      of investigation and evaluation].

PMID- 3849889
TI  - [Caroli disease].

PMID- 3849890
TI  - [Viral hepatitis B. A major occupational risk for nursing staff].

PMID- 3849891
TI  - [Differences between the management of alcoholism and substance abuse].

PMID- 3849893
TI  - [Occupational medicine (3). Activities of the nurse, of the medical secretary,
      and of first-aid personnel].

PMID- 3849892
TI  - [Is the drug addict a patient like others? Comparative experience in 2 hepatology
      units in Marseille and Paris].

PMID- 3849894
TI  - [Prantal].

PMID- 3849895
TI  - [Aluminum cataplasm].

PMID- 3849896
TI  - [Hyperleukocytosis due to an increase in granulocytes].

PMID- 3849897
TI  - [Hypergranulocytosis. Neutropenia].

PMID- 3849898
TI  - [Neutropathy].

PMID- 3849899
TI  - [Hyperleukocytosis associated with polycythemia. Case report].

PMID- 3849900
TI  - [Granulocytes or polynuclear cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils].

PMID- 3849901
TI  - [A new internship. What you should know about the reform of the 3rd cycle of
      medical studies].

PMID- 3849902
TI  - [Temesta].

PMID- 3849903
TI  - [Witchcraft: parallel practice].

PMID- 3849904
TI  - [Overview of Portuguese migrants' psychopathology].

PMID- 3849905
TI  - [An experience of a supervisor in psychiatry].

PMID- 3849906
TI  - [Ethnopsychiatry. Introduction].

PMID- 3849907
TI  - [Hidden depression in children].

PMID- 3849908
TI  - [The psychiatrist's approach to injuries of the cervical spine].

PMID- 3849909
TI  - [Chronic hallucinatory psychosis. Not to be confused with persecution melancholy
      and paranoid schizophrenic delirium].

PMID- 3849910
TI  - [Theoretic aspects of ethnopsychiatry].

PMID- 3849911
TI  - [The nurse in an isolated post faced with diseases of the nose and its adnexa].

PMID- 3849912
TI  - [The nurse in an isolated post faced with ear pathology].

PMID- 3849913
TI  - [Noma].

PMID- 3849914
TI  - [The nurse in an isolated or jungle post faced with upper digestive system
      pathology].

PMID- 3849915
TI  - The dichotomy of the nurse manager.

PMID- 3849916
TI  - Ethnicity and nursing practice.

PMID- 3849917
TI  - Nursing and the Afro-American client.

PMID- 3849918
TI  - Providing health care to Chinese clients.

PMID- 3849919
TI  - Beliefs about treatment of hypertension among Hispanic older persons.

PMID- 3849920
TI  - Perceptions of health: Navajo indians.

PMID- 3849921
TI  - Susto and the health needs of the Cuban refugee population.

PMID- 3849922
TI  - Culturally appropriate care: the case of immigrants.

PMID- 3849923
TI  - The influence of religious beliefs on health choices of Afro-Americans.

PMID- 3849924
TI  - A family assessment challenge: refugee youth and foster family adaptation.

PMID- 3849925
TI  - Mediating between two views of illnesses.

PMID- 3849926
TI  - Transcending cultural bias: the literature speaks.

PMID- 3849927
TI  - [Purification and some properties of human plasma kallikrein].

PMID- 3849928
TI  - The kallikrein-kinin system in operated and non-operated patients with acute
      pancreatitis.
AB  - The activation of the kallikrein-kinin system is probably one of the
      pathophysiological factors in acute pancreatitis. The activity of this system was
      studied in seven patients with fulminant acute pancreatitis treated in the
      intensive care unit. In four patients the subtotal resection of pancreas was
      performed. On admission, the activity of plasma prekallikrein, a procompound for
      the enzyme kallikrein, was low, and urine kallikrein activity was high. The level
      of plasma kininogen, a substrate for kinin formation, was low. All these findings
      point out to an activation of the kallikrein-kinin system in acute pancreatitis.
      During the recovery from the disease, the changes in the activity of kallikrein
      kinin system were restored in all the five survivors but not in the two non
      survivors. The subtotal resection of pancreas had no consistent effect on the
      kallikrein-kinin system.

PMID- 3849929
TI  - On-target oncology information.

PMID- 3849930
TI  - Abused women and chronic pain.

PMID- 3849931
TI  - The pen is mightier than ...

PMID- 3849932
TI  - Not murder--just nothing.

PMID- 3849933
TI  - Union busters.

PMID- 3849934
TI  - Assessing the elderly. 1. System by system.

PMID- 3849935
TI  - The Army Nurse Corps. A decade of change.

PMID- 3849936
TI  - SNAs seek ways to put title, degree requirements into system.

PMID- 3849937
TI  - Nurse helps young patients face cancer. Interview by Terry L. Selby.

PMID- 3849938
TI  - Delegates hear survey results: people trust nurses to do more.

PMID- 3849939
TI  - 5 House members talk about what was important.

PMID- 3849940
TI  - ANA officials discuss issues raised by title choice.

PMID- 3849941
TI  - Setback stalls ANA efforts in support of nurse midwives.

PMID- 3849942
TI  - Computers are helping nurses do their job better, faster.

PMID- 3849944
TI  - Caring must be central when we choose nursing.

PMID- 3849943
TI  - Range of opportunities attracts students to careers in nursing.

PMID- 3849945
TI  - Seven nurses share wise words with beginning RNs.

PMID- 3849946
TI  - Job flexibility attracted NSNA president to nursing.

PMID- 3849947
TI  - Appeals Court overturns ruling on comparable worth.

PMID- 3849948
TI  - Prekallikrein (Fletcher factor) deficiency.
AB  - One new case and 29 reported cases of hereditary prekallikrein (Fletcher factor)
      deficiency are reviewed. Abnormalities in the coagulation, fibrinolytic,
      complement, and kinin systems are described. These cases are discovered
      incidentally by prolonged partial thromboplastin times (PTTs) which correct with
      extended incubation in the presence of a contact activator. Prekallikrein levels
      are less than two percent of normal levels. In general, the remainder of the
      coagulation profile is normal, and no bleeding diathesis is present. Most
      patients are black and the incidence of consanguinity is increased. The disease
      is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner. Acquired Fletcher factor disease
      is a moderate prekallikrein deficiency present in many common disease states. Its
      clinical significance is largely unknown. Both acquired and hereditary forms may
      rarely predispose to thrombotic phenomena.

PMID- 3849949
TI  - Radial keratotomy. New help for patients with myopia.

PMID- 3849951
TI  - Australian nursing. A US nurse visits a Queensland hospital.

PMID- 3849950
TI  - Radial keratotomy: personal case study.

PMID- 3849952
TI  - Give publishing a try. Step-by-step guidelines for would-be writers.

PMID- 3849953
TI  - Intraoperative hypothermia. A review of measures to protect patients.

PMID- 3849954
TI  - Communicating in the OR. Part III: Confrontation.

PMID- 3849955
TI  - Ethics. Deciding whether to give or withhold information.

PMID- 3849956
TI  - Nurses speaking out for patients and the profession.

PMID- 3849957
TI  - Quality of life: a patient's perspective.

PMID- 3849958
TI  - Nursing administrators' perspective on the U.S.S.R health system.

PMID- 3849959
TI  - Nephrology nursing consult: case study. Preparing an autistic child for
      hemodialysis.

PMID- 3849960
TI  - On rehabilitating clients with end stage renal disease.

PMID- 3849961
TI  - Relocation of the older person in the health care system.

PMID- 3849963
TI  - The touching process in rehabilitation.

PMID- 3849962
TI  - Laxatives. Part two.

PMID- 3849964
TI  - The dilemma of assessment.

PMID- 3849965
TI  - Biofeedback: the ultimate placebo?

PMID- 3849966
TI  - Wound healing in the elderly--a problem solving approach.

PMID- 3849967
TI  - Nurse & the law. Cervical screening: a test in several ways.

PMID- 3849968
TI  - Essential job needs essential training.

PMID- 3849969
TI  - Fatty acid peptide derivatives as model compounds to protect elastin against
      degradation by elastases.
AB  - Peptide sequences which fit the extended binding sites of porcine pancreatic
      elastase and human leukocyte elastase were covalently coupled to oleic acid.
      These compounds behave as competitive inhibitors towards both elastases. The
      coupling of fatty acid moiety to the peptide greatly decreases its inhibitor
      constant (Ki) vs human leukocyte elastase (Ki for Oleoyl(Ala)2ProValine: 3.0 (10(
      6)M). It is less active on porcine pancreatic elastase (Ki for
      Oleoyl(Ala)2ProAlanine: 3.8 10(-4)M). The modifications of the carboxylic end
      group of the peptide to an aldehyde further greatly enhanced the inhibition
      capacity of the compound towards leukocyte elastase (Ki for
      Oleoyl(Ala)2ProAlaninal: 0.7 microM). Oleoyl peptide derivatives were seen to
      bind in a saturable fashion to purified insoluble elastin, and decreased the
      susceptibility of the macromolecule to hydrolysis by both pancreatic and
      leukocyte elastases. As stoichiometric quantities of elastase (vs inhibitor)
      could not desorb 3H-oleoyl(Ala)2Pro-Val bound to insoluble elastin, it is
      postulated that oleoyl peptide derivatives may act as bifunctional agents. This
      contention was further strengthened by the comparison of the adsorption curves of
      elastase to untreated insoluble elastin and elastin saturated with oleoyl peptide
      derivatives respectively. It was shown finally that Oleoyl(Ala)2Pro-Valine was
      also capable of inhibiting elastases in their adsorbed form to insoluble elastin.

PMID- 3849971
TI  - Recent trends in cesarean delivery rates in California.

PMID- 3849970
TI  - [Binding of activated C3b component with complement effector].
AB  - Various nucleophilic agents (acceptors) react with thiolester group of nascent
      activated fragment (C3b) of the third complement component. The C3b-acceptors
      binding prevents transformation of C3 convertase to C5 convertase and results in
      inhibition of the cell-target lysis. A convenient method of monitoring the EAC142
      to EAC1423 transformation was elaborated. Character of the inhibition suggests
      that the covalent binding follows a stage of the reversible C3b-acceptor complex
      formation. The method allows to determine the maximum of inhibition of the C5
      convertase formation and the dissociation constant of the reversible C3b-acceptor
      complex, which reflects the C3b affinity to this acceptor.

PMID- 3849972
TI  - Reconsidering the "market model" in obstetrics. Part II.

PMID- 3849973
TI  - Antenatal preparation and labor support in relation to birth outcomes.

PMID- 3849974
TI  - Ventilatory decrements in former asbestos cement workers: a four year follow up.
AB  - A four year follow up of the ventilatory function in former asbestos cement
      workers has been performed to determine whether any further decrease occurred
      after cessation of exposure. Seventy five of 125 subjects were eligible for re
      examination and were compared with local referents. None showed signs of
      asbestosis but 32% had pleural plaques at the renewed examination. Cumulative
      asbestos exposure calculated as fibre x years had been estimated individually in
      the original examination. After adjustment for age, height, tracheal area, and
      smoking category the FVC and FEV1 for all exposed subjects were on average 7% v
      6% less than predicted from the referents and twice as much for the subjects with
      the highest exposure. The four year declines in FVC and FEV1 were larger than in
      the referents, significantly so for FEV1. There were no significant correlations
      between pleural plaque and ventilatory function after adjustment for exposure.
      Thus the age adjusted reduction in ventilatory function had progressed during the
      follow up period despite the cessation of exposure and the lack of radiological
      signs of asbestosis.

PMID- 3849975
TI  - Quaternary structure of elastin: characterization of multichain peptide fragments
      obtained by elastase digestion.

PMID- 3849976
TI  - Lung reflexes in anaesthetized rabbits with elastase-induced emphysema.
AB  - The effects of elastase-induced emphysema on vagal pulmonary reflexes were
      studied in seven rabbits, given 600 IU of porcine pancreatic elastase
      intratracheally (E group), and eight untreated rabbits (U group) under
      pentobarbital anaesthesia. The presence of emphysema was confirmed by
      histological and pathological criteria and by documented changes in lung
      mechanics seven months after treatment. The strength of the Hering-Breuer
      inflation reflex (HBIR), indicative of pulmonary stretch receptor excitability,
      was unchanged in the U group, but was significantly increased in the E group at
      inflation volumes greater than the tidal volume (VT) range, as she slope of the
      curve relating HBIR to inflation volume was significantly steeper (0.40 vs 0.22
      ml-1; p less than 0.05). The early ventilatory response (first 3 breaths) to
      right atrial injections of phenyldiguanide (20 and 30 micrograms X kg-1 i.v.) was
      used as an indication of the excitability of lung receptors with non-myelinated
      vagal afferents. This response, characterized by a significant decrease in
      expiratory duration (TE) without effect on VT or inspiratory time (TI), was not
      significantly different between the E and U groups. The overall pattern of
      breathing in the E group showed a significant decrease in VT associated with an
      increase in TI.

PMID- 3849977
TI  - Presence of normal human cell surface antigens in plasma of athymic mice bearing
      a human colon carcinoma and in normal human plasma.
AB  - The mixed haemadsorption (MHA) method was employed for detection of several
      normal antigenic components on the surface of human colon carcinoma cells (HT
      29). The antigens were expressed by cells in monolayer cultures and in
      suspensions prepared by monolayer trypsinization, and by cells of tumours growing
      progressively in athymic mice. The plasma of such animals bearing medium sized
      and large, non-necrotic tumours contained all the antigens, as determined by the
      radial diffusion immune haemolysis method (RDIH); the plasma of animals with
      small or large heavily necrotic tumours did not contain detectable amounts of any
      of the determinants. The half-life of the determinants in the circulation as
      extracellular entities was ca. 20 h. The same antigens, and fibronectin, were
      found to be ubiquitously represented in normal human plasma. It is proposed that
      the presence of membrane antigens in plasma is the result of physiological
      shedding of cell surface constituents by living cells.

PMID- 3849978
TI  - Phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages in patients with bronchogenic
      carcinoma.
AB  - Human bronchoalveolar cells were obtained by lavage during diagnostic fiberoptic
      bronchoscopy of 21 patients suspected of having lung malignancies. Of these
      patients 11 were diagnosed as having primary lung cancer (Group I) and included
      individuals with squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated large
      and oat cell carcinoma at varying locations and TNM stages, 4 patients
      demonstrated nonprimary metastatic carcinoma (Group II), and 6 patients did not
      reveal detectable tumors by bronchoscopy or follow-up (Group III) and were
      included as study controls. We examined the ability of pulmonary alveolar
      macrophages (PAMs) lavaged from patients in each of the three study groups to
      phagocytose opsonized sheep red blood cells. Phagocytic activity varied among
      patients in the same and different study groups; however, no significant
      differences were observed in the phagocytic or tumoristatic activities of PAMs
      recovered from tumor-bearing and nontumor-bearing lung regions of the same
      patient. Moreover, lavage fluids collected from tumor-bearing regions did not
      suppress the phagocytic activity of PAMs collected from control lungs nor lung
      regions contralateral to the tumor-bearing lung. The data do not support the view
      that bronchial neoplasms or their secreted products suppress phagocytic functions
      of alveolar macrophages.

PMID- 3849979
TI  - Modulation of the immunosuppressive effects of splenic macrophages in Fischer
      rats bearing adenocarcinoma 13762.
AB  - The nature of spleen cells in Fischer rats bearing a large size (greater than 1
      cm diameter) mammary adenocarcinoma 13762A (MAC) which block the
      immunostimulating capacities of MTP2 (a synthetic immunomodulator) and suppress
      proliferation in vitro of splenic T and B lymphocytes by their respective
      mitogens was investigated. Splenic macrophages were recognized as the suppressor
      cells by (a) restoration of mitogenic responses by depletion of macrophages from
      spleen cell suspensions and (b) continued suppressor activity in spleen cell
      suspensions of tumor bearers devoid of viable T lymphocytes. Macrophage contact
      with T lymphocytes was required for the inhibition of T lymphocyte proliferation
      by concanavalin A as shown by (a) the absence of suppressor activity in
      supernatants derived from cultured suppressor macrophages, (b) lowering of the
      suppressor activity of intact macrophages after treatment with neuraminidase, (c)
      lowering of the suppressor activity of macrophages by addition of red cells to
      spleen cultures of tumor bearers indicating red cell interference with macrophage
      T cell interaction and (d) lack of inhibiting action of suppressor macrophages on
      allogenic T lymphocyte proliferation showing macrophage T cell recognition for
      suppression. Animals bearing a large size tumor exhibited spleen hypertrophy and
      an increase in macrophage: lymphocyte ratio and a decrease in red cell:
      lymphocyte ratio. Splenic macrophages did not appear to be implicated in blocking
      antitumor immunity induction since (a) suppressor macrophages were absent in
      spleens during the inductive phase of the immune response and (b) MAC implanted
      in allogenic Wistar rats grew to about 2 cm diameter, induced splenic suppressor
      macrophages but the tumor was later rejected by the animals. Collectively the
      results suggest that suppressor macrophages are the result of increasing tumor
      volume rather than its cause.

PMID- 3849981
TI  - Skin tests with autologous cholesteryl hemisuccinate treated tumour cells in
      cancer patients.
AB  - Skin tests with autologous irradiated tumour cells were performed in 20 malignant
      melanoma, 7 breast and 6 ovarian cancer patients. In the majority of cases
      evident reaction was noted with cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS)-treated cells
      while the reaction with untreated cells was mostly negative. No correlation was
      found between this reactivity and the ability of patients to be sensitized to
      DNCB and to their reactivity to PPD. No correlation was found between reactivity
      to CHS-treated tumour cells and the stage and course of the disease.

PMID- 3849980
TI  - Chemoimmunotherapeutic effect of cyclophosphamide on the highly metastatic MAT
      13762 tumor.
AB  - We have observed that cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment of 13762 mammary
      adenocarcinoma tumor-bearing rats was found to cause tumor regression. Tumor
      bearing animals cured with three low doses of CY were partially immune against IV
      and SC challenge with a high dose of 13762 cells. This immune protection
      mechanism in CY-cured animals appears to be a T (Ig-) cell-mediated response.
      Irradiated rats reconstituted with CY-cured animal spleen cells were also
      partially protected against IV and SC challenge with 13762 cells, whereas
      irradiated rats reconstituted with CY-control animal spleen cells were not. In
      vitro primary and secondary cell-mediated cytotoxic activity of CY-cured spleen
      cells against target 13762 cells was low. The possible relevance of this tumor
      model study is in the understanding of CY-induced tumor immune response and its
      role in preventing metastases or perhaps recurrent tumor growth.

PMID- 3849982
TI  - Effects of the removal of adherent and phagocytic cells on the spleen cell
      lymphoproliferative response of tumor-bearing mice.
AB  - Cell-mediated immunity was investigated in two BALB/c mouse tumor systems using
      the lymphoblastogenesis test with phytohemagglutinin as the mitogen. This
      lymphoproliferative response was quantitated using the Stimulation Index (SI).
      There was little evidence for suppressor cell activity in cell mixing experiments
      in which spleen cells from #51 cell-injected mice were mixed with spleen cells
      from normal mice. Following macrophage removal by Sephadex G-10 columns and
      carbonyl iron ingestion, there were no significant changes in the SI values for
      spleen cells from the #51 cell-injected mice. In contrast, spleen cells from mice
      injected with H238 cells, a herpes virus-transformed cell line, had a
      significantly lower SI value than that of normal mice. Suppressor cell activity
      was demonstrated in cell mixing experiments in which spleen cells from H238 cell
      injected mice were mixed with normal spleen cells. Removal of adherent cells from
      spleen cells from H238 cell-injected mice by Sephadex G-10 columns restored the
      SI value to that of normal mice. An increased SI value was also seen after
      removal of phagocytic cells by carbonyl iron. These results suggested that cells
      with the functional properties of macrophages played an important part in the
      immunosuppression observed in the H238 tumor system. Comparison of the two
      macrophage depletion methods suggested that another cell population was also
      involved in the suppressive effect. Results of immunofluorescent techniques with
      anti-Lyt-1 and anti-Lyt-2 monoclonal antibodies show these cells to be Ly 1-, Ly
      2,3+ phenotypes of T-lymphocytes.

PMID- 3849984
TI  - [Use of clinical observations in acute head injuries].

PMID- 3849983
TI  - Phosphorylation of nonhistone proteins during premature chromosome condensation
      in a temperature-sensitive mutant, tsBN2.
AB  - In tsBN2 cells, a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of the BHK21 cell line, with
      a ts-defect in its regulatory system for chromosome condensation, antigens that
      react with mitotic specific mouse monoclonal antibody MPM-2 were produced when
      premature chromosome condensation (PCC) was induced by a temperature shift. The
      polypeptides of antigens recognized by MPM-2 in tsBN2 cells with PCC were
      identical to those of antigens in mitotic cells. These antigens appeared
      concomitantly with chromosome condensation, which suggests that these mitotic
      specific antigens may be related to chromosome condensation. As the production of
      mitotic-specific antigens was inhibited by W-7, a specific and potent antagonist
      of calmodulin, calmodulin may function in the mitotic phosphorylation of
      nonhistone protein.

PMID- 3849985
TI  - [Nursing of patients after the surgical treatment of facial nerve paralysis].

PMID- 3849986
TI  - [Translabyrinth approach in acoustic neuroma resection].

PMID- 3849987
TI  - [Hematoporphyrin derivatives and the laser in orthopedic surgery].

PMID- 3849989
TI  - [Surgical treatment of pulmonary bullae and nursing care].

PMID- 3849988
TI  - [Nursing care of patients after renal artery embolization].

PMID- 3849990
TI  - [Nursing experience before and after operations for cicatricial contracture of
      neck burns].

PMID- 3849991
TI  - [Relation between temperature and pulse rate: 89 patients with pyretic diseases].

PMID- 3849992
TI  - [Nursing of diabetic patients treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin
      infusion].

PMID- 3849993
TI  - [Nursing of patients taking Chinese medicinal herbs].

PMID- 3849994
TI  - [Relation between the biological clock and chrononursing].

PMID- 3849995
TI  - [Heat preservation in neonates].

PMID- 3849996
TI  - [Psychological care of sick children].

PMID- 3849997
TI  - Ringing in the changes. The implications of the new regulations for the
      universities.

PMID- 3849998
TI  - Ringing in the changes. Implications of the new regulations for psychiatric
      health services.

PMID- 3849999
TI  - [Care of the mentally retarded child in the community].

PMID- 3850000
TI  - [School nursing--an educational challenge].

PMID- 3850001
TI  - Reports and memoranda. Communication techniques for effective management.

PMID- 3850002
TI  - [Clinical teaching: it is easier than you think].

PMID- 3850003
TI  - [Suffering].

PMID- 3850004
TI  - [A study of factors related to contraceptive dropout: colored women in the
      metropolitan area of Capetown].

PMID- 3850005
TI  - Predictors of student nurse performance.

PMID- 3850006
TI  - [Computers in nursing. 4. A computer-assisted staffing list].

PMID- 3850007
TI  - Ringing in the changes. The implications of the new regulations for the colleges.

PMID- 3850008
TI  - Urinary kallikrein: assay validation and physiological variability.
AB  - Decreased urinary kallikrein (UK) output has been suggested as a preclinical
      indicator of essential hypertension. In preparation for UK studies in
      hypertension prone Utah kindreds, we assessed selected UK assay parameters and
      physiological variability. Precision for the colorimetric kallikrein assay was
      quite acceptable, coefficient of variation (CV) less than 5% within run and 14%
      day-to-day at a concentration of 9.5 TU/l. The mean recovery was 105% and assay
      results were correlated with results from the 3H-TAME esterase method, r = 0.990.
      Urine specimens were stable at room temperature for up to 4 days, frozen at -20
      degrees C for 6 weeks, or frozen at -80 degrees C after Sephadex treatment for a
      year. UK output varied significantly throughout the day with excretion highest in
      the morning. Urine collections at 10.00, 12.00 and 14.00 had significantly (p
      less than 0.05) more UK than the overnight collection. Intra- and inter
      individual variations were of the same magnitude, mean 20%. In children UK output
      increased with age until the adult levels were reached at age 15. Male and female
      values were similar. Smoking; consumption of alcohol, coffee, tea, cola of
      chocolate; and female hormone medications did not significantly influence the 12
      hour UK output in the 1110 caucasian subjects.

PMID- 3850009
TI  - Some anatomical variants and pitfalls in computed tomography of the trachea and
      mainstem bronchi. I. Mucoid pseudotumors.
AB  - 472 computed tomographic (CT) examinations in 448 patients were reviewed for
      mucoid pseudotumors. In 10 patients (2%), an intraluminal density was indirectly
      proven to be mucous material by negative bronchoscopy and/or repeat CT. Mucoid
      pseudotumors can easily be differentiated from CT artifacts and from intraluminal
      neoplasms with extraluminal extension. Differentiation from true intraluminal
      neoplasmata may be difficult. No definite diagnostic criteria can be proposed
      since there were no true intraluminal neoplasms present in this series.
      Nonetheless, several characteristic radiological features of mucoid pseudotumors
      are discussed. When a potential mucoid pseudotumor is found in a CT examination
      either the CT scans in question should be repeated after vigorous coughing or an
      intraluminal neoplasm should be excluded by bronchoscopy. Starting from the CT
      examination, in the case of bronchogenic carcinoma of the central airways, the
      intraluminal extent of the tumor might be overestimated due to mucous material
      proximal to the tumor.

PMID- 3850010
TI  - Occipital dural arteriovenous fistulas.
AB  - Occipital dural arteriovenous fistulas are discussed with reference to three
      cases. Two patients presented classically with pulsatile tinnitus and another one
      with an occipitally located intracerebral haematoma. The importance of thorough
      bilateral angiographic investigation including both arterial and venous phases
      with subtraction is stressed. Embolization of the pathological territory of the
      external carotid artery is the primary method of treatment, sometimes combined
      with intraoperative embolization. In comparison, surgical approaches are
      extensive and do not offer guaranteed success, but could be necessary as an
      adjunct to embolization.

PMID- 3850011
TI  - Esophagogastroplasty and its radiological approach.
AB  - Sixty-six patients with tumor of the distal esophagus and/or the gastric fundus
      were admitted for intrathoracic esophagogastroplasty. Surgical mortality was 6%
      (4 of 66 cases). There were 3 early and 7 late complications among the 62
      remaining patients. The authors suggest that radiological examinations of
      patients after esophagogastroplasty should include an early examination on the
      7th-10th day after surgery with water-soluble contrast medium for detection of
      early complications and double-contrast studies before dismissal, at later check
      ups and whenever clinical symptoms of late complications are developing.

PMID- 3850012
TI  - Value of radiology in the diagnosis of reflux esophagitis.
AB  - In a prospective investigation, a relatively low overall sensitivity of
      radiologic investigation for reflux esophagitis was found (62%). There was,
      however, a difference between the various stages: in grade I esophagitis the
      sensitivity was 50%, in grade II 71% and in grade IV 100%. The importance of
      observation of thickened folds for low-grade esophagitis is emphasized. In
      addition, the probability of reflux esophagitis in the absence of hiatus hernia
      was found to be low. In any patient referred for a barium meal attention should
      also be paid to the lower esophagus.

PMID- 3850013
TI  - Salmonella typhi pneumonia without gastrointestinal manifestations.
AB  - Salmonella typhi bacilli were isolated from the pleural aspirate and the blood
      culture of an 8-year-old girl who presented with clinical and roentgenographic
      alveolar pneumonia. There was no accompanying gastrointestinal manifestation. The
      literature on pneumonia in typhoid fever is briefly reviewed.

PMID- 3850014
TI  - Retrosomatic cleft associated with an invisible lumbar pedicle.
AB  - The congenital nature of an invisible lumbar pedicle can easily be recognized by
      several associated characteristic features. This prevents confusion with other
      pedicular abnormalities or alterations caused by osteolytic metastases or erosion
      due to soft tissue tumours. A few variants of typical features are described.

PMID- 3850015
TI  - Some characteristics of local scintigraphic and radiologic patterns of Paget's
      disease of bone (osteitis deformans).

PMID- 3850016
TI  - Planning a cohort or case-control study with allowance for cost and test power.
AB  - This paper deals with balanced and unbalanced allocation designs in cohort and
      case-control studies. It focuses on: determination of the equal sample size
      design given the relative risk, R, of disease, the incidence of disease among the
      nonexposed group or the prevalence of exposure to risk factor, P1, type I and II
      errors alpha, beta; estimation of the unequal allocation designs that either
      maximize the test power subject to fixed total cost or minimize the total study
      expenditure subject to prespecified power using the simplex procedure for
      function minimization; assessing the efficiency of different allocation designs
      by computing the power of the exact conditional (Fisher-Irwin) test for comparing
      two proportions.

PMID- 3850017
TI  - A program to measure time intervals between R wave peaks in real-time mode.
AB  - Assuming a sampling rate of electrocardiograms of 200/s, the time interval
      between two successive analog-to-digital conversions is 5 ms. We present a
      program which recognizes R wave peaks of electrocardiograms and measures R-R time
      intervals within this critical period. The program is written in assembly
      language and run on a PDP-12. The cycle time is 1.6 microseconds and most
      instructions require one to three cycles for execution in the computer used.
      Since the whole sequence of this program is executable in about 160 microseconds,
      electrocardiograms recorded on a data recorder can be analysed 31 times faster
      than recording speed. For application of this routine, we present a program for
      displaying an R-R interval histogram and a joint interval histogram.

PMID- 3850018
TI  - A computer program for an illness-death process with time-dependent covariates.
AB  - This paper presents a computer program for estimating transition probabilities
      between states in a stochastic model for an illness-death process which
      incorporates time-dependent covariates. Parameters are estimated by the method of
      maximum likelihood using the Newton-Raphson iterative procedure. The program
      provides the standard normal deviate statistics as well as the value of the
      maximum of the likelihood function which can be used on repeated applications to
      test hypotheses concerning coefficients associated with covariates. Although this
      program is demonstrated by using a model with two 'illness' states and two
      'death' states, it is also suitable for analyzing data with models involving
      fewer states, such as the analysis of survival time with covariates assuming a
      proportional hazard model.

PMID- 3850019
TI  - A curve analyzer for micro-computers.
AB  - A computer program is described that emulates a curve analyzer and fits a sum of
      up to 30 Gaussian components plus a straight background to any set of equi-spaced
      data points. The program allows interactive, real time curve fitting by the
      operator and/or objective curve fitting using a non-linear least squares fitting
      routine, or a combination of the two. The program is more robust in a micro
      computer environment than subtractive or generalized non-linear least squares
      methods and faster than pattern searching methods. The program has been used over
      the last 4 years in my laboratory by a number of personnel without any previous
      experience of computers. It is written in BASIC and runs on a Hewlett-Packard
      series 200 model 16S (9816) computer or on a Hewlett-Packard model 9845S
      computer. The program is structured to allow use of any underlying curve shape
      with 3 parameters per component.

PMID- 3850020
TI  - JANA: a new iterative polyexponential curve stripping program.
AB  - A new iterative polyexponential curve stripping technique for the provision of
      initial pharmacokinetic parameter estimates has been developed. Such estimates
      are required for nonlinear least-squares curve fitting. In contrast to
      conventional curve stripping, this new technique does not make any assumption
      about the relative magnitudes of the exponential rate constants. Hence, the
      parameter estimates which it provides are free of the bias which may arise in
      conventional curve stripping. A BASIC program called JANA has been developed to
      implement the new curve stripping procedure.

PMID- 3850021
TI  - Those that can, teach--the clinical nurse specialist in a joint appointment.

PMID- 3850022
TI  - A day in the life of Christine Craig, R.N.

PMID- 3850023
TI  - Artificial surfactant in preterm rabbits with and without respiratory distress
      syndrome: difference of in vitro and in vivo activities.
AB  - Sixty-eight rabbit fetuses of 27 days gestation were tracheotomised, artificially
      ventilated, and their lung mechanics studied in a body-enclosing plethysmograph.
      The animals were treated by tracheal instillation of natural surfactant
      concentrate or large unilamellar vesicles containing
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine:egg phosphatidylglycerol, 9:1. Both preparations
      were highly surface active in terms of film adsorption and surface tension
      lowering potential. Before treatment, the lung mechanics were analysed to
      indicate the presence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Controls received
      0.15 M saline. Differences were found between the in vitro and in vivo activities
      of both preparations in some animals. In 30 preterm animals with partial lung
      maturity and without respiratory distress syndrome, no significant effect could
      be achieved with either the natural or the artificial surfactant. In 38 animals
      with severe RDS, the tidal volume and compliance increased markedly within 15 min
      of substitution of both preparations. Compliance increased to 178% of the initial
      value in ventilated, control animals, to 391% in animals treated with natural,
      and to 344% in animals treated with artificial surfactant.

PMID- 3850024
TI  - Effects of season, environmental temperature, size of dams, and age of breeder
      males on numbers of embryos obtainable from superovulated mice.
AB  - Four factors were tested for their effects on numbers of embryos obtainable from
      mice injected with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic
      gonadotropin (hCG) to induce superovulation. The factors tested were: (1) season
      of year; (2) environmental temperature (in the range of 17.8-23.7 degrees C); (3)
      age of breeder male mice (in the range of 10-76 weeks); and (4) size of female
      mice (in the range of 16-30 g body weight). Each of the first three factors was
      tested for its effect on mating and consequently on embryo yield; the fourth was
      tested for its effect on numbers of embryos yielded by those females that did
      mate. In all experiments hybrid female mice (C57BL/6J X CBA/J) were injected with
      5 IU of PMSG and 5 IU of hCG and were crossed with males of the CD-1 strain. None
      of the factors tested was found to have a statistically significant effect on
      embryo yield. Other factors that should be examined for their effects on mating
      and/or ovulation are discussed.

PMID- 3850025
TI  - Entrainment of the circadian rhythm in the locomotor activity of Mus booduga by
      red and white light.
AB  - The role of red light (greater than 610 nm) and white incandescent light in
      entraining the circadian locomotor activity rhythm of the field mouse Mus booduga
      has been studied using different light intensities. Red light of less than 150
      microW/cm2 caused negative masking and greater than 150 microW/cm2 caused
      entrainment. Such intensity dependent masking and entrainment were also obtained
      with white incandescent light.

PMID- 3850026
TI  - Effects of caffeine and theophylline on the fecundity of four lepidopteran
      species.
AB  - Effects of secondary plant metabolites (caffeine and theophylline on reproduction
      of lepidopteran species were studied using Bombyx mori, Spodoptera litura, Danaus
      chrysippus and Catopsilia crocale as test organisms. Reproductive potential
      (ovary length and egg number) was significantly reduced in the lepidopterans
      receiving caffeine/theophylline treated leaves in comparison to the control.
      Protein and energy contents in the egg of the moths showed remarkable decrease
      with increasing concentrations of secondary plant metabolites in the feed.
      However, fat content remained almost constant in the egg of control and
      experimental animals.

PMID- 3850027
TI  - The visual pigments of the weever fish, Trachinus vipera: a
      microspectrophotometric study.
AB  - Microspectrophotometric analyses of the visual pigments of the weever fish,
      Trachinus vipera, demonstrate the presence of a rhodopsin with peak sensitivity
      at 502 nm, and two cone visual pigments. Identical twin cones are green-sensitive
      containing a P5281, and single cones are blue-sensitive containing a P4401. The
      dichromacy of the weever is discussed in relation to its photic environment and
      feeding behaviour.

PMID- 3850028
TI  - Telencephalic afferent projections from the diencephalon and brainstem in the
      pigeon. A retrograde multiple-label fluorescent study.
AB  - The sites of origin of ascending projections to the telencephalon in the pigeon
      (Columba livia) were studied by means of the retrograde fluorescence technique
      following the injection of various tracers (Evans Blue, Fast Blue, Nuclear
      Yellow) concomitantly into different regions of topographically distinct areas of
      one hemisphere: hyperstriatum (HY), ectostriatum-paleostriatum (EP), posterior
      neostriatum (PN). The distribution of retrograde neuronal labeling observed
      within diencephalic and midbrain structures revealed systems providing unique
      projections to either a single or a multiple combination of the different
      telencephalic sites sampled. Single projections to HY arise from numerous dorsal
      thalamic nuclei including: ipsilaterally-dorsolateralis anterior pars medialis,
      dorsointermedius posterior, dorsomedialis anterior and posterior and bilaterally
      dorsolateralis anterior and superficialis parvocellularis. Single ipsilateral
      projections upon either the ectostriatum or the caudal neostriatum arise from the
      nucleus (n.) rotundus/n. triangularis complex and the n. ovoidalis respectively.
      Multiple ipsilateral afferents to both HY and the neostriatum intermedium stem
      from rostral and caudal portions of the n. dorsolateralis posterior respectively,
      whereas the n. subrotundus projects to all of the telencephalic sites examined.
      Within midbrain/caudal brainstem regions, the area ventralis-Tsai sends afferents
      to HY and EP and multiple projections upon the latter in addition to the PN site
      originate in ipsilateral: zona perinervus oculomotorius, the lateral and medial
      mesencephalic reticular formation, n. tegmenti pedunculo-pontinus pars compacta
      and bilateral: zona peri-fasciculus longitudinalis medialis, substantia grisea
      centralis, n. locus coeruleus, n. annularis, n. linearis caudalis. In the case of
      the latter structures, the multiple-label procedure also made it possible to
      demonstrate differential distributions of the component populations of neurons
      whose axons terminate within distinct telencephalic sites and those which display
      multiple projections via collateral axon branching. Various neuronal systems
      projecting to the avian telencephalon are compared to those of other vertebrates
      and possible homologies in telencephalic afferent organization are discussed.

PMID- 3850029
TI  - [Endometriosis].

PMID- 3850030
TI  - [Herpetic eye lesions].

PMID- 3850032
TI  - [The large-circulation newspaper and radio centers in health propaganda].

PMID- 3850031
TI  - [Cardiogenic shock].

PMID- 3850033
TI  - [Current problems of prosthetic and orthopedic care and the dispensary care of
      patients with limb stumps].

PMID- 3850034
TI  - [Motion pictures on health protection].

PMID- 3850035
TI  - [Experience in using the problem-oriented method of instruction in practical
      exercises in surgery].

PMID- 3850036
TI  - [Utilization of the remaining work capacity of commercial forestry farm workers
      with hand injuries].

PMID- 3850037
TI  - [Anemia and pregnancy].

PMID- 3850038
TI  - [Tonsillogenic sepsis].

PMID- 3850039
TI  - [Acute endometritis and salpino-oophoritis following an artificial abortion].

PMID- 3850040
TI  - [Prevention of miscarriage].

PMID- 3850041
TI  - [Massage in humeroscapular periarthritis].

PMID- 3850042
TI  - A method of giving intershift report based on a conceptual model.

PMID- 3850043
TI  - Cardiac electrophysiologic mapping techniques.

PMID- 3850045
TI  - Family-centered critical care nursing.

PMID- 3850044
TI  - Encouraging involvement in the political process.

PMID- 3850046
TI  - DNR decisions revisited.

PMID- 3850047
TI  - Thanks, Floyd.

PMID- 3850048
TI  - Part two. Statement on ethics in critical care research. From the AACN Task Force
      on Ethics in Critical Care Research.

PMID- 3850050
TI  - "Living will" can relieve legal consequences of dying.

PMID- 3850049
TI  - Mandatory continuing education: should we or shouldn't we?

PMID- 3850051
TI  - A close up look at another nurse entrepreneur--Chea Haran, ARNP.

PMID- 3850052
TI  - South Florida nurses' perspective on job satisfaction.

PMID- 3850053
TI  - President's message.

PMID- 3850054
TI  - The computer is down.

PMID- 3850055
TI  - Circadian rhythms: basis for screening for fever.

PMID- 3850056
TI  - Comparable worth: a brief explanation.

PMID- 3850057
TI  - Structural and functional similarities between the major hemolymph protein of
      fall armyworm and cat C4 binding protein of the complement system.
AB  - We have investigated the structural and functional similarities between insect
      (armyworm) major larval serum protein (LSP-I) and mammalian (Cat) C4 binding
      protein (i) by comparing the major chymotryptic peptide patterns using sodium
      dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and (ii) their ability to
      prevent assembly of classical C3 convertase (EAC142). Both Cat C4 bp and
      Spodoptera LSP-I are composed of identical subunits of Mr = 75,000 and Mr =
      80,000, respectively and generate the characteristic cleavage product of Mr =
      50,000 on limited proteolysis. These observations are interpreted as an
      indication that the major hemolymph protein (LSP-I) of fall armyworm is a
      homologue of the C4bp of the mammalian complement system.

PMID- 3850058
TI  - Hot weather blues: heat-related illness.

PMID- 3850059
TI  - Blessings and curses of summer.

PMID- 3850060
TI  - Titling and licensure.

PMID- 3850061
TI  - The danger of diving.

PMID- 3850062
TI  - Pay equity: a matter of simple fairness.

PMID- 3850063
TI  - Ethical decision making. Part 3. A look at the future.

PMID- 3850064
TI  - [Patient Relations Services. A new function at the heart of ward units to respond
      to the needs on the patient and his family].

PMID- 3850065
TI  - [The ages of life].

PMID- 3850066
TI  - [Causes of death in general medicine].

PMID- 3850068
TI  - [Child development].

PMID- 3850067
TI  - [Zona].

PMID- 3850069
TI  - [Drug therapy of cancer].

PMID- 3850070
TI  - The President's message. The future of the profession.

PMID- 3850071
TI  - The professional evaluation. The personal assessment.

PMID- 3850072
TI  - Conference on burnout.

PMID- 3850073
TI  - Continuing education. Exercises during illness.

PMID- 3850074
TI  - A review of the nursing literature on attitudes towards old people.
AB  - This paper reviews recent research in the area of nurses' attitudes towards old
      people. Published work is categorized into that dealing with the effects on
      attitudes of characteristics of the nurses being studied, characteristics of the
      patients, intervention programmes and related attitudes held by the nurses.
      British and American work is considered. Much of the published work reviewed is
      found to be lacking in one or more respects. These shortcomings relate to
      sampling, design features, measures used and data analysis. It is concluded that
      research in the area will need to be improved if major policy decisions
      concerning the care of the elderly are to be well-informed.

PMID- 3850075
TI  - Hospital care of the elderly--modelling the relationship between direct nursing
      care and patient disability.

PMID- 3850076
TI  - Domestic animal visitation as therapy with adult home residents.

PMID- 3850078
TI  - Nurses' uniform: an investigation of mobility.
AB  - An investigation of the mobility of nurses under three clothing conditions is
      reported. The need for such a study has arisen as a result of the concern over a
      possible mismatch between mobility and patient handling requirements. Thirty
      seven nurses participated under two of the clothing conditions ('National' dress
      uniform, Trouser/tunic combination). In addition, ten of these nurses volunteered
      to provide control data by being measured in a leotard or a swimming costume.
      Eleven static and sixteen dynamic anthropometric measures were considered. Each
      nurse was asked to complete a short questionnaire, relating to her subjective
      attitudes to the uniform and to her own physical state at the time of
      measurement. Whilst both uniforms imposed restrictions on the shoulder girdle and
      trunk of up to 10%, the area of greatest concern was the mobility of the hip
      joint. Hip flexion was reduced by 26% in the dress uniform. The implications of
      these findings for patient handling procedures are discussed, as are those of the
      relationship between the environment and the material. Uniform and the nursing
      image is also considered.

PMID- 3850077
TI  - An ethical analysis of double bind conflicts as experienced by care workers
      feeding severely demented patients.
AB  - When patients with incurable dementia diseases no longer take food or fluid
      voluntarily, the care workers experience distress and anxiety. Thirty-nine care
      workers were interviewed about their thoughts, feelings and attitudes towards
      feeding severely demented patients. A phenomenological approach was used and the
      interviews were developed, attention paid to Bateson's double bind theory,
      Kohlberg's theory of moral development and ethical theories. Ethical theories,
      principles and rules, containing messages at different logical levels and the
      lack of empirical knowledge of the demented patients' inner world, led to the
      care worker's difficult double bind situations. To solve the conflicts the care
      workers need insight in all aspects of the problem. In order to understand all
      the components in a double bind situation it is important to redefine it from
      outside.

PMID- 3850079
TI  - Crosscultural comparison on nursing image.
AB  - Conceptual ratings for 'Nurse' and 'Feminine' were investigated across 30
      language/culture communities. Data were from Osgood's Atlas of Affective
      Meanings, which contains ratings of 1200 males from each culture on 620 concepts,
      using Semantic Differentials. The study provides important information regarding
      the image of nurses crossculturally and the close link between nursing and
      femininity. In general, both 'Nurse' and Feminine' were perceived to be good and
      active, yet weak. A crosscultural view of the nurse as impotent may limit
      nursing's ability to deliver health care.

PMID- 3850080
TI  - Occupational ideology and clinical decision-making in British nursing.
AB  - As the first phase of a study to assess the usefulness of the nursing process
      model of nursing practice, a survey was carried out in one health district to
      ascertain the predominant occupational ideology of clinical nurses, their
      perception of decision-making about individual patient care in everyday work, and
      their view of whether they ought to exercise a decision-making role with respect
      to 23 aspects of patient care. Two hundred ideology scale questionnaires were
      processed, together with perceived and normative decisions inventories. Subjects
      were representative of six nursing fields, i.e. general nursing, geriatric
      nursing, psychiatric nursing, mental handicap nursing, health visiting and
      district nursing. The main findings were that nurses predominantly espouse a
      professional ideology, they perceive decision-making to be part of their everyday
      work and contend that they ought to be able to make decisions in 22 out of the 23
      areas of patient care included in the inventories. Differences in ideology
      between the groups and between men and women are identified and discussed, and
      some areas of role conflict highlighted. The professional ideology was found to
      correlate significantly with decision-making and a significant correlation was
      established between paramedicine and bureaucracy.

PMID- 3850081
TI  - Nursing decision making in a coronary care unit.
AB  - This study was designed as an approximate replication of a recent Canadian study
      on a sample of 20 nurses from the coronary care unit of a large teaching hospital
      in the U.K. Results from this study indicate that knowledge and experience are
      the two most important factors influencing rapid decision making, and nurses make
      many rapid decisions in emergency situations prior to seeking medical help. These
      results are in agreement with those of the original study.

PMID- 3850082
TI  - The influence of reserpine and propranolol upon the IOP response to vanadate in
      the rabbit.
AB  - The authors examined the influence of intravenously administered sodium ortho
      vanadate upon the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the albino rabbit. Vanadate was
      administered by intravenous injection and the IOP was measured by applanation
      tonometry. Vanadate (2 mg/kg) caused a marked reduction of IOP which lasted for
      several hours. Pretreatment with systemic reserpine 24 hr prior to vanadate
      administration markedly diminished ocular hypotensive response to vanadate.
      Similarly, systemic treatment with propranolol prevented the IOP-lowering effect
      of vanadate. In addition, propranolol administered during the course of the
      vanadate-induced hypotensive response caused the IOP to return to a level close
      to the control value. The IOP-lowering effect of vanadate appeared to be
      unrelated to cardiovascular changes; vanadate was observed to have no significant
      influence upon the blood pressure of anesthetized animals even though the IOP was
      markedly reduced. On the basis of these experiments, the authors suggest that
      adrenergic mechanisms contribute to the IOP-lowering effect of vanadate.

PMID- 3850083
TI  - In the matter of Claire C. Conroy.

PMID- 3850084
TI  - Bartling v. Superior Court.

PMID- 3850085
TI  - Substituted judgment doctrine: a critical analysis.

PMID- 3850086
TI  - John F. Kennedy Memorial Hospital, Inc. v. Bludworth.

PMID- 3850087
TI  - In the matter of the guardianship of Joseph Hamlin, an incompetent person.

PMID- 3850088
TI  - Relation of mevalonate synthesis to mitochondrial ubiquinone content and
      respiratory function in cultured neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - The consequence of blocking the de novo synthesis of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) on
      mitochondrial ubiquinone content and respiratory function was studied in cultured
      C1300 (Neuro 2A) murine neuroblastoma cells. Mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor
      of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, was used to suppress the
      synthesis of mevalonate, an essential precursor for the isoprenoid side chain of
      ubiquinone. At a concentration of 25 microM, mevinolin completely inhibited the
      incorporation of [3H]acetate into ubiquinone, isolated from cell extracts by two
      dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Similar results were obtained when
      [14C]tyrosine was used as a precursor for the quinone ring. Through the use of
      reverse-phase thin-layer chromatography, it was established that the principal
      product of the ubiquinone pathway in murine neuroblastoma cells was ubiquinone-9.
      Inhibition of ubiquinone synthesis for 24h in cells cultured in the presence of
      10% fetal calf serum (which contains 0.14 nmol of ubiquinone/ml of serum)
      resulted in a 40-57% decline in the concentration of ubiquinone in the
      mitochondria. However, the activities of succinate-cytochrome c reductase and
      succinate dehydrogenase in whole-cell homogenates or mitochondria were not
      inhibited. The state 3 and uncoupled rates of respiration, determined by
      polarographic measurements of oxygen consumption in homogenates and mitochondria,
      were elevated slightly in the mevinolin-treated cells. The data demonstrate that,
      although mevalonate synthesis is important for the maintenance of the
      intramitochondrial ubiquinone pool in cultured cells, major changes in the
      ubiquinone content of the mitochondria can occur in intact cells without
      perturbation of respiratory function. However, the coincidence of decreased
      mitochondrial ubiquinone concentration and the inhibition of cell cycling
      previously observed in mevinolin-treated cells (Maltese, W.A. (1984) Biochem.
      Biophys. Res. Commun. 120, 454-460) suggests that the availability of ubiquinone
      may play a role in the regulation of mitochondrial and cellular proliferation.

PMID- 3850089
TI  - Activation of rat liver microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A
      reductase by NADPH. Effects of dietary treatments.
AB  - The sigmoidal curves observed for rat liver microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
      CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase with NADPH as the varied substrate were markedly affected
      by feeding the animals diets containing colestipol, mevinolin and colestipol or
      cholesterol. Feeding of mevinolin and colestipol decreased the S0.5 for NADPH
      from 270 to 40 microM, while cholesterol feeding increased the value to 1.3 mM.
      Immuno-blotting analysis revealed that the Mr 100,000 form of HMG-CoA reductase
      predominated in cases where the S0.5 value was lowest, and the Mr 200,000 species
      was the major form where the S0.5 values were highest. Activation of HMG-CoA
      reductase by NADPH was not due to conversion of the Mr 200,000 form to the
      100,000 form.

PMID- 3850090
TI  - Protein-protein interactions in contact activation of blood coagulation. Binding
      of high molecular weight kininogen and the 5-(iodoacetamido) fluorescein-labeled
      kininogen light chain to prekallikrein, kallikrein, and the separated kallikrein
      heavy and light chains.
AB  - Binding of the 5-(iodoacetamido)fluorescein (IAF)-labeled high molecular weight
      (HMW) kininogen light chain to prekallikrein and D-Phe-Phe-Arg-CH2Cl-inactivated
      kallikrein was monitored by a 0.040 +/- 0.002 increase in fluorescence
      anisotropy. Indistinguishable average dissociation constants and stoichiometries
      of 14 +/- 3 nM and 1.1 +/- 0.1 mol of prekallikrein/mol of IAF-light chain and 17
      +/- 3 nM and 0.9 +/- 0.1 mol of kallikrein/mol of IAF-light chain were determined
      for these interactions at pH 7.4, mu 0.14 and 22 degrees C. Prekallikrein which
      had been reduced and alkylated in 6 M guanidine HCl lost the ability to increase
      the fluorescence anisotropy of the IAF-kininogen light chain, suggesting that the
      native tertiary structure was required for tight binding. The kallikrein heavy
      and light chains were separated on the basis of the affinity of the heavy chain
      for HMW-kininogen-Sepharose, after mild reduction and alkylation of kallikrein
      under nondenaturing conditions. Under these conditions, alkylation with iodo
      [14C]acetamide demonstrated that only limited chemical modification had occurred.
      Binding of the IAF-kininogen light chain to the isolated alkylated kallikrein
      heavy chain, when compared to prekallikrein and kallikrein, was characterized by
      an indistinguishable increase in fluorescence anisotropy, average dissociation
      constant of 14 +/- 3 nM, and stoichiometry of 1.2 +/- 0.1 mol of kallikrein heavy
      chain/mol of IAF-light chain. In contrast, no binding of the D-Phe-Phe-Arg-CH2Cl
      inactivated kallikrein light chain was detected at concentrations up to 500 nM.
      Furthermore, 300 nM kallikrein light chain did not affect IAF-kininogen light
      chain binding to prekallikrein, kallikrein, or the kallikrein heavy chain. The
      binding of monomeric single chain HMW-kininogen to prekallikrein, kallikrein, and
      the kallikrein heavy and light chains was studied using the IAF-kininogen light
      chain as a probe. Analysis of the competitive binding of HMW-kininogen gave
      average dissociation constants and stoichiometries of 12 +/- 2 nM and 1.2 +/- 0.1
      mol of prekallikrein/mol of HMW-kininogen, 15 +/- 2 nM and 1.3 +/- 0.1 mol of
      kallikrein/mol of HMW-kininogen, 14 +/- 3 nM and 1.4 +/- 0.2 mol of kallikrein
      heavy chain/mol of HMW-kininogen, and no detectable effect of 300 nM kallikrein
      light chain on these interactions. We conclude that a specific, nonenzymatic
      interaction between sites located exclusively on the light chain of HMW-kininogen
      and the heavy chain of kallikrein or prekallikrein is responsible for the
      formation of 1:1 noncovalent complexes between these proteins.

PMID- 3850091
TI  - Phosphate uptake by primary renal proximal tubule cell cultures grown in
      hormonally defined medium.
AB  - The uptake of labeled inorganic phosphate into primary rabbit kidney proximal
      tubule cells has been examined. Phosphate was accumulated into the primary
      proximal tubule cells against a concentration gradient. This accumulation was
      sensitive to inhibition by metabolic inhibitors. The dependence of phosphate
      uptake on the extracellular phosphate concentration was examined. Similarities
      were observed between primary proximal tubule cells and the LLC-PK1 cell line in
      these regards. These phosphate uptake data were then plotted on a Lineweaver
      Burke plot. A nonlinear plot was obtained, which suggested that phosphate uptake
      occurs by means of a Na+ dependent, carrier mediated process, as well as by
      another Na+ independent mechanism. The pH dependence of phosphate uptake was also
      examined. Unlike previous observations with LLC-PK1 cells, optimal phosphate
      uptake occurred at pH 6.5. However, this difference between the two cell culture
      systems may possibly be explained by differences in uptake conditions. The
      dependence of phosphate uptake on the extracellular NaCl concentration was
      examined at three different pH values. The rate of phosphate uptake at pH 7.0 was
      observed to saturate at a lower NaCl concentration than at either pH 6.0 or pH
      6.5. Furthermore, the optimal rate of phosphate uptake at pH 7.0 was observed to
      be higher than at the other two pH values studied when the NaCl concentration was
      below 120 mM. However, when the NaCl concentration was raised to 150 mM, optimal
      phosphate was observed to occur at pH 6.5 rather than at pH 7.0. These
      observations may be explained if the pH affects not only the rate of phosphate
      uptake but also the affinity of the phosphate uptake system for sodium. Phosphate
      uptake was also observed to be sensitive to several agents, Na2 X SO4 and NaSCN,
      which affect the membrane potential. As observed with phosphate uptake by LLC-PK1
      (and renal brush border membrane vesicles), phosphate uptake was highly sensitive
      to inhibition by the phosphate analogue arsenate. Novel observations were that
      the phosphate analogue vanadate and its cellular metabolite vanadyl stimulated
      the initial rate of phosphate uptake.

PMID- 3850092
TI  - Extraction model of the longitudinal flagellum of Ceratium tripos
      (Dinoflagellida): reactivation of flagellar retraction.
AB  - The mechanism of retraction of the longitudinal flagellum of Ceratium tripos was
      studied by making extracted models of the flagellum. Non-detergent models
      extracted in low ionic strength medium containing 1 M-glucose, 10 mM-EDTA, and 50
      mM-Tris X HCl buffer (pH 8.0), retracted when Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Mn2+ or
      Cd2+ was applied locally with a glass capillary. A demembranated model of the
      flagellum was made with an extraction medium containing 0.8-1.0 M-glucose, 20 mM
      Tris-acetate (pH 7.8), 2 mM-EGTA, 5-7 mM-MgSO4, 0.1 M-potassium glutamate and
      0.1% Triton X-100. The model required a concentration of Mg2+ of a few mmol/l for
      successful reactivation of both retraction and undulation, and about 0.1 M
      potassium glutamate (or sodium glutamate) for reactivation of undulation. Neither
      type of motion of the models could be reactivated above 35 degrees C. Ca2+
      induced the retraction at pCa 5.5 or less. In addition to Ca2+, Mn2+, Ba2+, Sr2+
      and Cd2+ also induced retraction but Mg2+, La3+ or Tb3+ did not. Although ATP was
      required for undulation, it was not required for retraction. Co-incubation with
      hexokinase to remove contaminating ATP did not suppress the retraction. The
      potent ATPase inhibitor, orthovanadate, inhibited undulation at 10 micron but did
      not inhibit retraction even at 2 mM. SH blockers, N-ethylmaleimide and dithio-bis
      nitrobenzoic acid strongly suppressed undulation but had no effect on retraction.
      Calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine, also had no effect on
      retraction. These data indicate that undulation is generated by a 9 + 2
      microtubular axoneme using energy released by hydrolysis of ATP and that
      retraction can be induced by Ca2+ without a requirement for ATP.

PMID- 3850093
TI  - Evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility testing by agar dilution and the Micro
      Media system (Fox Panel).
AB  - The susceptibilities of 350 gram-positive cocci and 638 gram-negative bacilli to
      various antimicrobial agents were compared by using the Micro-Media system (MMS)
      (Fox Panel) (Micro-Media Systems, Inc., Potomac, Md.) and a standard agar
      dilution procedure. Major discrepancies occurred with enterococci, among which 48
      of 53 isolates (91%) were found to be resistant to penicillin G by agar dilution
      and reported as susceptible by the MMS. Other large discrepancies occurred with
      Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. anitratus, among
      which more than 40% of the isolates were judged to be resistant to ampicillin by
      agar dilution and susceptible by the MMS. In terms of overall agreement in
      interpretation of MICs by the two systems, an agreement of greater than 84% was
      seen for both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms when ampicillin and
      cephalothin (68 and 78% agreement for gram-positive cocci, respectively) were
      excluded. These disagreements in MIC interpretations may result in part from the
      small number of organisms tested per well (4,000 CFU) in the MMS, as compared
      with 10,000 CFU per test in the agar dilution method.

PMID- 3850094
TI  - Use of the Autobac system for detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
      aureus.
AB  - Using 490 strains of Staphylococcus aureus divided into methicillin-susceptible, 
      resistant, and -heteroresistant varieties, we compared the results obtained by
      the agar disk method with those obtained with the automated Autobac system.
      Susceptible strains exhibited a perfect correlation, whereas there were numerous
      discrepancies with resistant and still more with heteroresistant varieties. When
      incubation was increased to 18 h at 37 degrees C (Autobac incubation
      temperature), 35 degrees C, or 30 degrees C, these differences disappeared, but
      other problems may arise when incubation is prolonged, especially with
      erythromycin. We thus recommend carrying out two readings, a normal one after 3 h
      of incubation and a special reading after 18 h, solely for the detection of
      heteroresistance to methicillin.

PMID- 3850095
TI  - Burnout in psychiatric nursing.
AB  - Burnout is a syndrome characterized by progressive physical and emotional
      exhaustion involving the development of negative job attitudes and perceptions
      and a loss of empathic concern for patients. It is caused by chronic emotional
      stress resulting from prolonged intensive involvement with people. If unchecked,
      burnout will lead to a deterioration in the quality and quantity of nursing care
      received by patients. This study examines staff burnout among 31 registered
      psychiatric nurses working in a variety of clinical areas in the hospital
      setting. The Staff Burnout Scale for Health Professionals (SBS-HP) was used to
      determine the relationship of SBS-HP scores to respondents age, sex, and area of
      work. A comparison is made between this study and current research.

PMID- 3850096
TI  - Lifestyle counselling: the need for diagnostic clarity.
AB  - Three approaches to changing lifestyle behaviours are hypothesized. The argument
      that diagnostic accuracy is essential for selection of appropriate nursing
      interventions is developed and illustrated with clinical examples. The diagnoses
      of information deficiency, information and behavioural control deficiency, and
      contextual awareness deficiency guide the interventions for the problem of
      obesity.

PMID- 3850097
TI  - A comparison of recovery following hysterectomy and major cardiac surgery.
AB  - Although monitoring progress is an everyday nursing activity, methods currently
      employed remain relatively undeveloped. In the past most studies documented
      physical recovery, tending to focus upon complications such as infection rates,
      which are quantifiable. Patients' satisfaction with progress is seldom taken into
      account, although it may provide a more accurate reflection of progress. In this
      paper, recovery following major cardiac surgery and hysterectomy performed for
      benign lesions are compared in terms of psychological adjustment to the effects
      of surgery and resumption of a wide range of activities within and outside the
      home, in addition to physical progress. On the whole patients accepted the
      effects of hysterectomy and their own assessments of recovery proved favourable
      despite considerable residual physical problems of a minor but troublesome
      nature. In contrast, recovery from cardiac surgery was more difficult and
      proceeded more slowly, as expected following this major operation.

PMID- 3850098
TI  - Ethical considerations in nursing practice.
AB  - Some ethical implications for nursing practice are considered in relation to
      three issues: competence, honesty and obedience. Factors which contribute to
      conformity, obedience and authoritarianism are discussed, and respect for other
      people is suggested as a guiding principle for ethically acceptable conduct.

PMID- 3850099
TI  - Behavioural training for nurses in mental handicap: an application of the EDY
      course.
AB  - The role of the nurse in the care of mentally handicapped people is increasingly
      one of teaching and training using behavioural methods, as witnessed, for
      example, by the new RNMS syllabus. Methods of providing suitable training to
      equip staff for this changing role are discussed and it is concluded that an
      economic and effective method may be through locally organized in-service
      training. One particular in-service course--the education of the developmentally
      young course for mental handicap practitioners--is described and its applications
      in two health authorities in the UK are discussed.

PMID- 3850100
TI  - Authority and responsibility delegation predicts quality of care.
AB  - This study, conducted in acute care hospitals, supports and expands previous
      findings that delegation of responsibility and authority in the nursing service
      hierarchy is related to known factors affecting quality of patient care. Quality
      health care is improved if staff nurses are given autonomy and are expected to
      function at the level for which they have been prepared.

PMID- 3850101
TI  - A study of nurse tutors' conceptualization of their ward teaching role.
AB  - It is generally agreed by the nursing profession that the art and science of
      nursing can only be learnt in the direct delivery of patient care and that, in
      order to do this, students need to identify with a practitioner role-model in the
      clinical area. This research arose from the belief that nurse educationalists are
      failing to provide these learning opportunities for their students. The focus of
      the study was to identify factors in the nurse teacher's work role which mitigate
      against their teaching in the clinical area. The methodology was chosen in order
      to demonstrate the nurse teacher's conceptualization of her work role. In the
      first stage of the project this involved the repertory grid technique. From the
      results, a semantic differential questionnaire was built up and used for an
      attitude survey of a second sample of nurse teachers. The research samples
      consisted mainly of nurse tutors but a small group of both clinical teachers and
      senior tutors was included for comparison studies. Results showed that the main
      factors leading to a lack of clinical teaching by educational staff include lack
      of control and a sense of conflict, stress and anxiety in the ward-teaching
      situation, lack of peer support and an inability to plan ahead for such work. The
      most pervasive feature which emerged, however, was the felt lack of available
      time for clinical work vis-a-vis their other duties. This is discussed in terms
      of role strain. Differences in response between teacher grades were studied and
      showed that all the problems found appear to be greater among the nurse tutor
      group. This may be a consequence of a further finding that clinical teachers are
      more likely to make finer and more frequent distinctions between the aims and
      problems of ward- and school-based teaching.

PMID- 3850102
TI  - District nurse training: a pilot survey of demand, provision and students.
AB  - A pilot survey of district nurse training provision for the period April 1982
      March 1983 was carried out to provide a profile of training institutions; their
      resources (human and physical), courses and students. Information was collected
      by means of a postal questionnaire sent to the 50 UK training institutions. The
      survey highlighted differences between district nurse and district enrolled nurse
      training; variations in entry requirements, size and length of courses, and
      staffing. It also gave an overview of students' characteristics and provision of
      training for other professional groups. It proved the feasibility and value of
      collecting such information, and also provided the basis for a current study
      (Baseline Data Project), which will produce a package of survey material, and
      software for analysis to enable the subsequent collection of information.

PMID- 3850103
TI  - A descriptive study of the attitudes of baccalaureate student nurses toward the
      elderly.
AB  - Using a questionnaire entitled 'Opinions about People', the attitudes toward
      ageing and the elderly of 70 students beginning and 21 students completing a 4
      year baccalaureate nursing programme were compared with the attitudes of 31
      registered nurses entering a 3-year university nursing programme. Thirty students
      beginning the 4-year baccalaureate physiotherapy programme were included in the
      control group which also served as the pilot study. Findings revealed few
      significant differences between students entering a basic or post-registration
      baccalaureate programme. The cross-sectional comparison of students entering and
      completing a 4-year university nursing programme indicated a significant
      difference on one of the seven attitudinal scales (family responsibility for the
      elderly). Results, implications for nursing education, conclusions and
      recommendations are discussed.

PMID- 3850104
TI  - The Warnock report on human fertilization and embryology.

PMID- 3850106
TI  - Antitumor activity and toxicity of peroxo heteroligand vanadates(V) in relation
      to biochemistry of vanadium.
AB  - A selected set of 14 V(V) complexes was tested for toxicity and antitumor
      activity against L1210 murine leukemia, to examine the biological properties of
      peroxoheteroligand vanadates(V) of the formula (NH4)4[O(VO(O2)2)2],
      M3I[VO(O2)2C2O4], and MI[VO(O2)L], L = malate, citrate, iminodiacetate,
      nitrilotriacetate, and EDTA. The x-ray structure is known for five of these
      compounds. A relationship has been found between the chemical composition and the
      biological activity (antitumor activity-toxicity) of these complexes. Activity in
      the L1210 system is defined as greater than or equal to 25% increase in life
      span, and this was seen with (NH4)4[O(VO(O2)2)2]; M3[VO(O2)2(C2O4)]2H2O, M = K,
      NH4; and NH4[VO(O2)Malato]H2O. These observations are important for the
      biochemistry of vanadium. The special nature of electron transfer within the V(V)
      peroxo moiety is proposed to be responsible for this phenomenon. Peroxo
      heteroligand vanadates(V) therefore represent a model system for studying some
      biochemical interactions of vanadium in living matter.

PMID- 3850105
TI  - Profound pharmacologic inhibition of renal tubule sodium and water reabsorption
      in rats.
AB  - Vanadate, furosemide, chlorothiazide, acetazolamide, and amiloride were infused
      concomitantly into conscious rats to determine the extent to which renal sodium
      reabsorption can be inhibited. The animals were maintained in exact fluid balance
      despite exorbitant urine flow rates by intravenous infusion of an isotonic salt
      solution sufficient to keep body weight constant. In maximally effective doses
      vanadate, furosemide, chlorothiazide, acetazolamide, and amiloride increased
      sodium excretion to an amount equal to 69% of the filtered load. Together with
      isotonic extracellular fluid expansion equal to 7% of body weight, these
      pharmacologic agents increased sodium excretion to an amount equal to 83.7% of
      the filtered load, a level of sustained sodium excretion that has not been
      reported previously in mammals. These studies demonstrate that tubular sodium and
      water reabsorption can be profoundly inhibited in vivo by drugs that diminish
      sodium and water transport in proximal as well as in distal tubules.

PMID- 3850107
TI  - Auditing. A method for evaluating quality of care.
AB  - The nursing process is accepted as a major framework for practice; but its
      integration in the quality assurance process, in a format where the phases of the
      nursing process are examined in a sequential manner has not been reported. The
      authors have developed a nursing process audit tool that provides an organized
      approach for evaluating independent nursing functions based on the nursing
      process. Each step in the nursing process can be evaluated individually and as a
      whole. The tool can be used concurrently and/or retrospectively. This tool
      provides nursing administrators with pertinent data that can be used to improve
      nursing practice.

PMID- 3850108
TI  - Demystifying critical care management. Part 1.
AB  - Many nurse executives avoid an active management role in their hospital's
      critical care areas, a stance that can result in decreased personal,
      professional, and institutional efficiency and effectiveness. This article is a
      guide for applying the management process in critical care units and for helping
      nurse executives gain control of one of the largest consumers of hospital and
      nursing resources. This is part 1 of a two-part article.

PMID- 3850109
TI  - Standing ovation. A holistic approach to successful speaking.
AB  - As caregivers, nurses need to speak out and share nursing intelligence and ideals
      with health professionals, the public, and legislators. "Standing ovation" offers
      insightful, intelligent, holistic concepts that enable the nurse speaker to
      communicate understandable information with enthusiasm, dignity, and powerful
      persuasion.

PMID- 3850110
TI  - Developing a rating interview guide.
AB  - Nursing administrators have spent considerable time and effort developing various
      interview tools that will meet the needs of the institution, however, of equal
      importance is the method of evaluating responses obtained during the interview
      process. This article discusses a master tool designed as a base from which a
      variety of interview tools can be developed. Weighted scoring reflects the
      strengths of the applicant consistent with the position requirements and in an
      equitable manner.

PMID- 3850111
TI  - Hiring a nurse researcher.

PMID- 3850113
TI  - Drug usage & illness in elderly patients (Part I). Your CE topic this month (No.
      9).

PMID- 3850112
TI  - Variable hospital accounting practices. Are they fair for the nursing department?
AB  - Hospital accounting practices, in relation to nursing departments, are reviewed.
      Nursing departments lack a distinct identity as an organizational subentity for
      accounting purposes. Nursing, the main product of hospitals, is an "expense only"
      item. The authority and responsibility to incur and limit expense is uniquely
      withheld from the nursing department. Social factors that might explain these
      accounting practices are examined.

PMID- 3850114
TI  - A clinical ladder for the LPN.

PMID- 3850115
TI  - New look at old.

PMID- 3850116
TI  - The aging heart.

PMID- 3850117
TI  - Hospice: a new horizon for nurses.

PMID- 3850118
TI  - Can a laugh a day keep the doctor away?

PMID- 3850120
TI  - The NAPNES "Position Paper".

PMID- 3850119
TI  - Encouraging hope in the ventilator patient.

PMID- 3850121
TI  - Drug usage & illness in elderly patients (Part II). Your CE topic this month (No.
      10).

PMID- 3850122
TI  - NSGAE. Nursing Adaptation Evaluation. A proposed axis VI of DSM-III.

PMID- 3850123
TI  - The suicidal phone call.

PMID- 3850124
TI  - Breaking the race barrier.
AB  - Through the reflective process of analyzing one's own feelings and reactions to
      the ethnic minority patient, the white therapist develops an inner clarity that
      serves as a resource to cope with the unique conflicts one must confront in
      interracial practice. Only when the therapist has come to some resolution of his
      or her own feelings about the plight of ethnic minorities in this country can
      this acumen develop. Although the therapeutic skills applied in psychotherapy
      with ethnic minorities are in no way different from overall therapeutic skills,
      certain techniques may be especially useful in interracial practice. For
      instance, a discussion of the meaning of race and ethnicity in the relationship
      may curtail racial distortion, prevent stereotyping, and lead to the creation of
      a therapeutic alliance. When dealing with transference and countertransference
      issues, the therapist must be particularly attentive to the representation of
      these same distortions and stereotypes. Formulating clinical problems from dual
      perspectives, theoretical and sociocultural, is an arduous, but necessary task.
      Finally, the white therapist must be able to view ethnic minority patients as
      individuals. Although these patients cope with special problems which must be
      acknowledged and dealt with in therapy, the therapist must realize there is a
      common ground on which to communicate. On this common ground, therapists discover
      the foundation of interracial clinical practice is the ability to accept and
      respect their patients and themselves as individuals who may have similar
      anxieties, problems, experiences, and goals. It is through the recognition and
      sharing of the fundamental human bond that ethnic and racial differences, which
      may have detrimental effects on interpersonal relationships, are transcended.

PMID- 3850125
TI  - Boundary marking.

PMID- 3850126
TI  - The power of the dissociative state.

PMID- 3850127
TI  - Fire on the unit.

PMID- 3850128
TI  - A resistance determinant to nucleic acid-binding compounds in methicillin
      resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Recent isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Australia and
      several other countries carry a plasmid coding for high levels of resistance to
      propamidine isethionate and low levels of resistance to cetyltrimethyl-ammonium
      bromide. The reasons for the acquisition and retention of such a determinant are
      not known. To define the properties of this resistance determinant in more
      detail, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of a series of cationic agents,
      including ethidium bromide, were determined and a cationic-resistance profile
      prepared for several strains of S. aureus and their isogenic, sensitive
      derivatives. The compounds for which resistance is coded by this determinant all
      bind to nucleic acids. Hence the determinant has been designated the NAB (nucleic
      acid-binding compounds)-resistance determinant.

PMID- 3850129
TI  - Science and standards.

PMID- 3850130
TI  - Absorption of microwave energy by muscle models and by birds of differing mass
      and geometry.
AB  - Spheres composed of phantom muscle of radius 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 cm, as well as
      birds (parakeets, quail, pigeons, chickens, turkeys) were exposed to far-field
      plane waves at power densities of incident radiation between 182 and 560 mW/cm2
      and at frequencies of 775, 915 and 2450 MHz. Specific absorption rate (SAR)
      patterns were determined by thermographic techniques for both spheres and birds.
      The measured SAR patterns in spheres were comparable to those from theoretical
      predictions. The SAR patterns in birds, however, varied markedly from those
      obtained from spheres of comparable mass. The results indicate that the
      geometrically complex animal is not represented by simple geometric models for
      making absorption studies. Thermograms of birds exposed in the flying position
      indicated that the SAR is high in the wings. The behavioral response of the birds
      to the exposure was variable. Threshold power densities for biological or
      behavioral reactions were determined for each bird at all three frequencies. The
      lowest power density associated with reactivity by the chicken was 5.8 mW/cm2
      (corresponding to SARs of 3.1 W/kg in the head and 3.9 W/kg in the neck) at 775
      MHz.

PMID- 3850131
TI  - Radiofrequency electromagnetic leakage fields from plastic welding machines.
      Measurements and reducing measures.
AB  - Operators of unshielded plastic welding machines are often exposed to
      radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic leakage fields that substantially exceed all
      present occupational standards. Measurements show that the Swedish ceiling values
      (SE = SH = 250 W/m2) in many cases are exceeded at distances up to 1 meter from
      the electrode. To reduce the stray fields to an acceptable level at the location
      of the operator, RF field suppression devices should be fitted to the machine. We
      have studied the strength and the extent of the RF leakage field under various
      operating conditions and also investigated different methods for reducing the
      leakage field. The following measurements have been performed: E- and H-field
      strengths as a function of distance from the electrode, and as a function of
      load/tuning; the time dependence of [E]2 for various combinations of tuning and
      welding times producing a welding seam with the same strength; isopower density
      curves for SE and SH = 250 W/m2 with different types of RF emission control
      devices fitted to the machine; the RF voltage between the electrode and the
      welding table and the RF voltage on the machine casing. By decreasing the RF
      power and increasing the welding time the field strengths at the location of the
      operator can be reduced to levels below the ceiling values. The RF voltage
      between the electrode and the welding table ranged from 800 V up to 2100 V for
      the different plastic material that was welded. The RF voltage on certain parts
      on the chassis could be as high as 200 V. In order to reduce these voltages and
      the stray fields the machine should be equipped with a "large capacitive shield"
      in cases where this is possible.

PMID- 3850132
TI  - Effect of aspoxicillin on anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - Aspoxicillin (ASPC), a semisynthetic penicillin has a broad spectrum of
      antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobic
      bacteria. Its in vitro antibacterial activity was less than those of cefoxitin
      against Peptostreptococcus and Veillonella, but was significantly high against
      Bacteroides fragilis, one of the most clinically important anaerobe. The
      therapeutic and/or protective effect of ASPC in experimental subcutaneous abscess
      or experimental intraabdominal mixed infection due to beta-lactamase producing B.
      fragilis and non-producing Escherichia coli were much stronger than those of
      ticarcillin. In order to account the superiority of ASPC in vivo, the effects of
      ASPC and other beta-lactams on B. fragilis were compared and the results were
      analyzed in relation to their in vitro bactericidal activities, stability against
      the beta-lactamase, binding properties with penicillin-binding proteins and
      pharmacokinetic properties. Interestingly, administration of ASPC did not
      increase the bacterial counts of Clostridium difficile in caecal contents, but
      piperacillin, ticalcillin, carbenicillin, ampicillin and cefotaxime increased the
      counts.

PMID- 3850133
TI  - [Primary nursing. 8. Nursing project team at St. Luke's International Hospital.
      Incorporation of primary nursing into the nursing schedules].

PMID- 3850134
TI  - [Re-evaluation of daily care. 44. Care of the critical patients. Classifications
      of "critical illness" based on hospital management and for the nursing purposes].

PMID- 3850135
TI  - [Rehabilitation in heart diseases--the role of nursing. Definition of
      rehabilitation in heart diseases].

PMID- 3850136
TI  - [Rehabilitation in heart diseases--the role of nursing. Rehabilitation nursing of
      patients with acute myocardial infarction: delays in the start of rehabilitation
      therapy in clinical cases].

PMID- 3850137
TI  - [Early rehabilitation nursing of patients following heart surgery].

PMID- 3850138
TI  - [Rehabilitation nursing of patients with ischemic heart disease on an ambulatory
      basis].

PMID- 3850139
TI  - [Problems concerning rehabilitation and nursing of patients with angina
      pectoris].

PMID- 3850140
TI  - [Nursing approach to patients with myocardial infarction who do not fully
      understand the illness].

PMID- 3850141
TI  - [Attitudes in nursing and observation. 2. Through nursing and documentary
      writing. Discussion].

PMID- 3850142
TI  - [Bedside nursing. Recognition of one-sided nursing actions. Re-evaluation of
      nursing scenes using transactional analysis].

PMID- 3850143
TI  - [Learning through clinical training in adult nursing].

PMID- 3850144
TI  - [A monologue by a nursing director. Reflection 6 months after a transfer to a new
      position].

PMID- 3850145
TI  - [Reports from a hospice. 8. Care of dying people. Hospice care and religious care
      of the soul].

PMID- 3850146
TI  - [Clinical description of senile dementia. Symptoms of senile dementia. 3].

PMID- 3850148
TI  - [Counseling of patients. 7. Observation of the environment and background of the
      patient: an approach in counseling. 4].

PMID- 3850147
TI  - [Medicine in changing society: toward the 21st century. Development of health
      manpower].

PMID- 3850149
TI  - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Sumiko Nihei who has been active at a town clinic for
      the past 6 years].

PMID- 3850150
TI  - [Diary of a cancer patient: a positive attitude in spite of a loss of
      vocalization. 8. Recovery].

PMID- 3850151
TI  - [Nursing situations in Indonesia. 1].

PMID- 3850152
TI  - [Plastic surgery in Japan].

PMID- 3850154
TI  - [Reconstruction of deformed hands and feet].

PMID- 3850153
TI  - [Reconstruction of facial anomalies and injuries].

PMID- 3850155
TI  - [Microsurgical reimplantation of amputated body parts and free flap grafting].

PMID- 3850156
TI  - [Mammoplasty following surgery of breast cancer].

PMID- 3850157
TI  - [Problems following plastic surgery--functional and psychological aspects].

PMID- 3850158
TI  - [Nursing of patients undergoing plastic surgery--pre and postoperative nursing].

PMID- 3850159
TI  - [Protection of the surgical wound following plastic surgery and nursing care to
      maintain cleanliness of the regions--protection and preservation of the surgical
      wound following plastic surgery of cleft lip and palate and microtia].

PMID- 3850160
TI  - [Social rehabilitation of patients following reimplantation of amputated fingers
      and toes (or extremities)--a survey on the functional and psychological impact].

PMID- 3850161
TI  - [Nursing interaction with microtic children and their families--instructions to
      be given to families].

PMID- 3850162
TI  - [Nursing following surgery of breast cancer and subsequent mammoplasty].

PMID- 3850163
TI  - [Nursing of a patient following finger implantation].

PMID- 3850164
TI  - [Response to a child with cleft palate--assistance in satisfying the patient's
      desire to eat].

PMID- 3850165
TI  - [Diet therapy of diabetic patients: significance and innovation in motivating the
      patients].

PMID- 3850166
TI  - [Pre and postoperative management and nursing of patients with esophageal cancer-
      with special reference to postoperative complications].

PMID- 3850168
TI  - [Respiratory management of newborn infants and nursing keypoints].

PMID- 3850169
TI  - [Fasting therapy for psychosomatic disorders].

PMID- 3850170
TI  - [Senile dementia and simple rating methods].

PMID- 3850167
TI  - [Respiratory care of newborn infants].

PMID- 3850171
TI  - [Management of patients about to develop myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3850172
TI  - [Temporary urostomy in urinary tract reconstruction].

PMID- 3850173
TI  - [The Second European Symposium on Education of Diabetic Patients. (7). Active
      listening--confirmation of the validity of the patient information].

PMID- 3850174
TI  - [Report on a Hawaiian nursing seminar. 4. The second-step educational system--at
      Hawaii Loa College].

PMID- 3850175
TI  - [Nursing in social welfare activity. Health care and welfare].

PMID- 3850176
TI  - [The process of encouraging wearing acoustic protectors in workers in a work
      place with deafening noise].

PMID- 3850177
TI  - [Study on social status of nurses in modern history of nursing].

PMID- 3850178
TI  - [Construction of a new nursing training center by JNA].

PMID- 3850179
TI  - [Nursing in social welfare activity. Role of nursing in home for the aged].

PMID- 3850180
TI  - [Nursing and humor].

PMID- 3850181
TI  - [Nursing in social welfare activity. Role and function of nurse in welfare
      facilities: in home for the aged].

PMID- 3850182
TI  - [Nursing in social welfare activity. Role and function of the nurse in welfare
      facilities: responsibility of the nurse].

PMID- 3850184
TI  - [Nursing in social welfare activity. Nursing in social welfare].

PMID- 3850183
TI  - [Nursing in social welfare activity. Viewpoints of welfare service providers:
      home maker].

PMID- 3850185
TI  - [Nursing in social welfare activity. Viewpoints of welfare service providers:
      nursery nurse].

PMID- 3850186
TI  - [Nursing in social welfare activity. Viewpoints of welfare service providers:
      instructor at a welfare factory].

PMID- 3850187
TI  - [Nursing in social welfare activity. Viewpoints of welfare service providers:
      advisor at home for the aged].

PMID- 3850188
TI  - [Nursing in social welfare activity. Viewpoints of welfare service providers:
      volunteers].

PMID- 3850189
TI  - [Nursing in social welfare activity. Visiting nursing service provided by
      Musashino City].

PMID- 3850190
TI  - [Teaching poetry at a nursing school--for better imagination. 13].

PMID- 3850191
TI  - [Miyoko Takane, a nurse assisting a volunteers' group to care for the lonely aged
      in the community].

PMID- 3850192
TI  - [Colon cancer and breast cancer; Parkinson's disease].

PMID- 3850194
TI  - [Nursing diagnosis].

PMID- 3850193
TI  - [Life at Minnesota University School of Nursing. 17].

PMID- 3850195
TI  - [Professionalization no--autonomy yes].

PMID- 3850196
TI  - [Autonomy of professions. We want to take over the responsibility for our
      actions].

PMID- 3850197
TI  - [Continuing education of nursing instructors].

PMID- 3850198
TI  - [Payments--costs--freedom to move around. What does compulsory insurance bring
      the insured?].

PMID- 3850199
TI  - [7th continuing education meeting for the specialty group of nurse anesthetists.
      Safety in anesthesia].

PMID- 3850200
TI  - [Study group prepares an educational program. Why education in disaster
      nursing?].

PMID- 3850201
TI  - [Considerations of a study group "Nursing Personal and Work for Peace". How do we
      convey our responsibility?].

PMID- 3850203
TI  - [Safety for the handling of cytostatic substances. Protective measures are
      useful].

PMID- 3850202
TI  - [Recommendation concerning protective measures. Safety for the handling of
      cytostatic substances. The current situation--a "Swiss compromise"].

PMID- 3850204
TI  - [On the road to autonomy].

PMID- 3850205
TI  - [Working among the mentally handicapped. A world to discover and to love].

PMID- 3850206
TI  - [The quality of perception of symptoms of psychiatric emergencies].

PMID- 3850207
TI  - [Interview with Ruth Kuhn, new chief president of the ASI (Swiss Nurses'
      Association). Education at the focus of preoccupations].

PMID- 3850208
TI  - [Anesthesia: atelectasis and bronchoaspiration. Risk factors, symptoms and
      treatment].

PMID- 3850209
TI  - [Payments--costs--freedom to move around. What does compulsory insurance bring
      the insured?].

PMID- 3850210
TI  - [Sexuality and nursing. More than a basic need. Man is sexual].

PMID- 3850211
TI  - [Sexuality and nursing. Status of the sick person in the hospital. Both Eros and
      tenderness have healing aspects].

PMID- 3850212
TI  - [Sexuality and nursing. Problems of the nurse. The relationship with one's own
      sexuality characterizes the relationship with that of the patients].

PMID- 3850213
TI  - [Sexuality and nursing. Breaking through taboos is not simple. Recognition-
      courage--knowledge].

PMID- 3850214
TI  - [Short legal lesson for nurses. 2. Legal problems of extramural nursing].

PMID- 3850215
TI  - [A comparative study. The older person too is an individual].

PMID- 3850216
TI  - [Interview with Dr. Sylvia Kappeli. We urgently need more nurses at this stage].

PMID- 3850217
TI  - [National student organization established. Participating in the political
      process].

PMID- 3850218
TI  - [Life fulfillment--does it exist? In the middle of life].

PMID- 3850219
TI  - [What is meant with immunosuppression?].

PMID- 3850220
TI  - [Causes, clinical aspects and therapy of lung fibrosis].

PMID- 3850221
TI  - [Given away chances].

PMID- 3850222
TI  - [Clinical patient monitoring without mechanical or electronic instruments].

PMID- 3850223
TI  - [Experience of a patient following a heart infarct in the hospital. II. About
      relationships with physicians and nurses].

PMID- 3850224
TI  - [Case-related Balint work in an oncology unit].

PMID- 3850226
TI  - Reshaping the future of health education.

PMID- 3850225
TI  - [Psychotherapeutic considerations in the relationship with the elderly in
      nursing].

PMID- 3850227
TI  - An empirical test of a cognitive social learning model for stress moderation with
      junior high school students.
AB  - A cognitive social learning model for stress moderation with junior high school
      students is described. Portions of the model were tested using 531 seventh and
      eighth grade students. Higher stress levels were found for younger students,
      white students, females, and those with more upsetting life events. The stress
      levels did not appear to be moderated by health locus of control. Type A
      personality, or knowledge about stress. Further research is needed to test
      additional components of the model.

PMID- 3850228
TI  - Parents' decision-making process in medication administration for control of
      hyperactivity.
AB  - The purpose of this research was to investigate the efficacy of a specific
      intervention strategy designed to diminish the ambivalence that parents
      experience when deciding to place their hyperactive child on stimulant
      medication. Data analyses demonstrated that a counseling intervention was more
      effective than a control conference in making parents more aware of the
      importance of deliberating about their decision. The results further indicated
      that parents evidenced a positive attitude regarding the intervention and,
      subsequently, toward their decision concerning medication administration, if the
      intervention was conducted by a school nurse. Discussion includes an
      interpretation of these findings that suggests the importance of health care
      professionals in the school setting.

PMID- 3850229
TI  - Staying alive: a mini-unit on child molestation prevention for elementary school
      children.
AB  - This article describes a mini-unit to help teachers prevent molestation of
      elementary school children. The major emphasis of the unit is on safety and
      survival skills that young people can use to help them in "Staying Alive." Child
      molestation is defined, methods of coercion are described, and survival tips and
      relevant learning activities related to prevention are suggested. The mini-unit
      is an example of what elementary school teachers, in cooperation with the school
      nurse, can do to incorporate survival skills to prevent child molestation into
      the elementary school classroom.

PMID- 3850230
TI  - Use of statistics in the Journal of School Health 1979-1983: a content analysis.
AB  - A content analysis of the statistical methods employed in the research/evaluation
      articles published in Volumes 49-53 of the Journal of School Health (JOSH) was
      performed. Questions addressed included: To what extent does JOSH publish
      articles having a research/evaluation theme? Does knowledge of a few basic
      statistical techniques provide access to the statistical components of a high
      percentage of the research/evaluation reports published in JOSH? Which
      additional, but more complex techniques are used most often by authors? Results
      indicated that, to have access to the statistical content of about three-fourths
      of the research/evaluation reports published in JOSH, a reader would have to have
      learned descriptive statistics, analysis of contingency tables, analysis of
      variance, t-tests, and multiple comparison tests. Knowledge of these and other
      statistical procedures might assist school health practitioners read
      research/evaluation reports, and adapt the findings to their respective work
      settings. Moreover, content analyses can be tools for assessing the state-of-the
      art of a profession, as well as helping to plan for practitioners' continuing
      education needs.

PMID- 3850231
TI  - Effect of a brief instructional unit in death education on the death attitudes of
      prospective elementary school teachers.
AB  - The present study determined if there would be a significant change in the
      attitudes of prospective elementary school teachers toward death after two, one-
      and-one-half hour instructional units of death education that were incorporated
      into an elementary health education methods and content class (experimental
      group). Control groups consisted of similar students who did not receive death
      education, but were enrolled in the elementary health education methods and
      content class (control group I) and another group of students who were not in
      elementary education, but were enrolled in a basic home economics class (control
      group II). The Templer Death Anxiety Scale and a scale developed by the author to
      measure attitudes toward death education for young children were administered to
      the three groups during pretest and posttest sessions two and 10 weeks after
      instruction. Validity and reliability for the author's scale was determined by
      various experimental procedures. Several different resources were used in the
      education process. The experimental group had significantly less fear of death
      and felt more comfortable discussing death with children than did the two control
      groups. The results suggest that brief units of death education are effective in
      changing the attitudes of future elementary teachers.

PMID- 3850232
TI  - Determining school programming needs of special population groups: a study of
      asthmatic children.
AB  - A study of the 4,382 children in the New Milford (Connecticut) Public School
      System was conducted to determine if upper respiratory conditions and other
      health problems may be related to school performance. Seven percent of the 4,036
      respondents were found to be asthmatic. Correlations of school-related factors
      for 61 of 286 students who had high absenteeism did not appear to be dependent
      upon asthma for any identified health problem. As absenteeism increased, student
      grades decreased. Achievement testing in math and reading was related positively
      to IQ and appeared to be unaffected by absenteeism from school. On the basis of
      this study, special education programming was not recommended for the target
      population; however, parents and school personnel are much more aware of
      physical, emotional, and mental health problems and their possible implications
      for school performance.

PMID- 3850233
TI  - Impacted cerumen as a reason for failure in hearing conservation programs.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that children with impacted cerumen experience more
      hearing or middle ear problems than children with normal cerumen, two serial
      audiometric screenings including otoscopic examinations, tympanometry, and
      audiometry were conducted. Thirty children with impacted cerumen and 30 children
      with normal cerumen were rescreened three months after the initial screening.
      Results suggest an association between impacted wax and subsequent problems.

PMID- 3850234
TI  - [Discussion on problems followed by the introduction of a nurses' aide].

PMID- 3850236
TI  - [Quantitative study of the nursing service at Mitsui Memorial Hospital].

PMID- 3850235
TI  - [Reconsideration of the role of the nurses' aide in a nursing service].

PMID- 3850237
TI  - [Consideration of the role of the nurses' aide].

PMID- 3850238
TI  - [Management and education of nurses' aides].

PMID- 3850239
TI  - [Improving problems in patient education by means of TA].

PMID- 3850240
TI  - [Scientific and feministic approach to health].

PMID- 3850241
TI  - [Practical application of the systems approach method to cases in nursing
      administration].

PMID- 3850242
TI  - [Nurses' commitment in ward planning and staff education for opening the Saitama
      Children's Medical Center].

PMID- 3850243
TI  - [Teaching a student to understand the nursing attitude].

PMID- 3850244
TI  - [Programmed learning for the development of the art of nursing].

PMID- 3850245
TI  - [Patient education and nursing research].

PMID- 3850247
TI  - [What is "Death Education"?].

PMID- 3850246
TI  - [Report on a student's life at the school of nursing, Loma Linda University].

PMID- 3850248
TI  - [Death education in the preparation of health professionals].

PMID- 3850249
TI  - [Sociocultural aspects of death and dying in Japan].

PMID- 3850250
TI  - [A questionnaire on attitudes toward death and dying].

PMID- 3850251
TI  - [Sweating responses to hot and humid environments; measurement by a simplified
      technic].

PMID- 3850252
TI  - [Special technics in assertiveness training for women in the health professions].

PMID- 3850253
TI  - [The role of nursing in the total hospital information system of Kagoshima
      University].

PMID- 3850254
TI  - [Teaching a student to understand the nursing attitude].

PMID- 3850255
TI  - [Programmed learning for the development of the art of nursing].

PMID- 3850256
TI  - [Considerations of students' views on nursing].

PMID- 3850257
TI  - [Report on a student's life at the school of nursing, Loma Linda University].

PMID- 3850258
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with myocardial infarction. Physiopathology
      of myocardial infarction and life activities and prognosis of patients].

PMID- 3850260
TI  - [Case study: lessons in interactions with terminal patients. Nursing of a patient
      with malignant lymphoma--a learning experience through nursing of a terminal
      patient].

PMID- 3850259
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with myocardial infarction. Nursing
      tailored to individual patients. Discussion].

PMID- 3850261
TI  - [Case study: lessons in interactions with terminal patients. Psychological
      support of a patient in the terminal stage of cancer of the bile duct].

PMID- 3850262
TI  - [Case study: lessons in interactions with terminal patients. The importance of
      humane understanding in terminal care].

PMID- 3850263
TI  - [Case study: lessons in interactions with terminal patients. Interactions with an
      aged patient in a critical stage--reevaluation of nursing based on conversations
      with the family members].

PMID- 3850264
TI  - [Conference: lessons in clinical training. An attempt to extend the ADL of a
      patient with a loss of desire for recovery].

PMID- 3850265
TI  - [Improvement of the hospital environment. On noise in the hospital].

PMID- 3850266
TI  - [Test yourself: nursing keypoints. Nursing of a patient with liver cirrhosis and
      hepatic coma].

PMID- 3850267
TI  - [Case report. Nursing of a patient with fracture of the medial femoral neck].

PMID- 3850268
TI  - [Effects of interpersonal relations among patients sharing the room. Special
      consideration needed due to the presence of other patients sharing the room].

PMID- 3850269
TI  - [Effects of interpersonal relations among patients sharing the room. Response to
      the psychological impact of the transfer (or the death) of other patients sharing
      the room].

PMID- 3850270
TI  - [Effects of interpersonal relations among patients sharing the room. Confusion
      caused by exchanges of erroneous information among patients].

PMID- 3850271
TI  - [Effects of interpersonal relations among patients sharing the room. Mutual
      support among patients suffering a common illness].

PMID- 3850272
TI  - [Report by nursing students on a nursing study in Denmark. 6. Scenery in
      Denmark].

PMID- 3850273
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with acute leukemia. Physiopathology of
      leukemia patients and their life activities and prognosis].

PMID- 3850275
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with acute leukemia. Keypoints in the
      comprehensive observation of patients with acute leukemia].

PMID- 3850274
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with acute leukemia. Diagnostic and
      therapeutic processes for patients with acute leukemia].

PMID- 3850276
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with acute leukemia. Nursing plans for
      patients with acute leukemia].

PMID- 3850277
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with acute leukemia. Nursing of a patient
      with acute leukemia who was forced to be absent from school for an extended
      period].

PMID- 3850278
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with acute leukemia. Possible oversight in
      nursing due to the patient's cheerful attitude. A discussion].

PMID- 3850279
TI  - [Case study: nursing to aid patients' independence. Nursing actions toward
      independent excretory actions--actions for a 75-year-old woman who was totally
      immobilized].

PMID- 3850280
TI  - [Case study: nursing to aid patients' independence. Actions directed to a patient
      with an acute epidural hematoma who had a negative attitude toward recovery].

PMID- 3850281
TI  - [Learning experiences in clinical training in obstetrics. A conference].

PMID- 3850282
TI  - [Assistance in promoting sound and correct growth and development of children. A
      study on bed rest of a child with Kawasaki disease and prevention of accidents
      during the examination].

PMID- 3850283
TI  - [Nursing of an aged patient with senile symptoms--expansion of ADL following
      surgery of rectal cancer].

PMID- 3850284
TI  - [Sexual problems of patients encountered in clinical practice. Understanding of
      sexual problems--with special reference to the sex of the aged].

PMID- 3850286
TI  - [Sexual problems of patients encountered in clinical practice. Handling of sex
      related behaviors of patients--on nurses' responses].

PMID- 3850287
TI  - [Sexual problems of patients encountered in clinical practice. Sexual problems
      which become evident upon patients' return to a normal life].

PMID- 3850285
TI  - [Sexual problems of patients encountered in clinical practice. Difficulties in
      sex-related health education of patients with spinal cord injuries].

PMID- 3850288
TI  - [Effective use of clinical conferences. The format for the team and the quality
      of the conference].

PMID- 3850289
TI  - [Effective use of clinical conferences. Learning experiences by students
      attending the conference].

PMID- 3850290
TI  - [Witnessing deaths of patients: "the hospital as a place to die". A report by a
      nurse].

PMID- 3850292
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with Parkinson's disease. Diagnostic and
      therapeutic processes in Parkinson's disease].

PMID- 3850291
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with Parkinson's disease. Physiopathology
      of the disease and patients' life activities and prognosis].

PMID- 3850293
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with Parkinson's disease. Keypoints in
      overall observation of patients with Parkinson's disease].

PMID- 3850294
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with Parkinson's disease. Nursing plans for
      patients with Parkinson's disease].

PMID- 3850295
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with Parkinson's disease. Nursing before
      and after withdrawal for the purpose of medication control of patients with
      Parkinson's disease].

PMID- 3850296
TI  - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with Parkinson's disease. Nursing actions
      to reduce the anxiety and helplessness of patients. A discussion].

PMID- 3850297
TI  - [Surveys and the analyses of their outcomes. On a "survey on the attitude of
      hemodialysis patients"].

PMID- 3850298
TI  - [Surveys and the analyses of their outcomes. A survey on the daily activities of
      tracheostomy patients--a comparison between inpatients and discharged patients].

PMID- 3850299
TI  - [An approach in assisting a patient's recovery of independent actions. A lesson
      in interactions with a patient with a cervical spinal cord injury who was
      unwilling to accept rehabilitation therapy].

PMID- 3850300
TI  - [Lesson in clinical training. Pleasure in nursing learned through clinical
      training. A conference].

PMID- 3850301
TI  - [Test yourself. Nursing keypoints. Nursing of a 13-month-old child undergoing non
      surgical treatment of congenital hip dislocation].

PMID- 3850303
TI  - [Effective use of clinical conferences. Definition of significant conferences].

PMID- 3850302
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with restrictions of body motions due to postoperative
      biliary peritonitis--encouragement of the patient by assisting in expectoration
      and maintenance of cleanliness].

PMID- 3850304
TI  - [Effective use of clinical conferences. The conference as a scene where all novel
      ideas can be introduced].

PMID- 3850305
TI  - Electronic fetal monitoring and obstetrical malpractice.

PMID- 3850306
TI  - Technology assessment, public policy and transplantation: a restrained appraisal
      of the Massachusetts Task Force approach.

PMID- 3850307
TI  - The dog and his shadow: a response to Overcast and Evans.

PMID- 3850308
TI  - Health law teachers. Computer-assisted research into cross-disciplinary subjects.

PMID- 3850309
TI  - Variations on $962,258: the misuse of data on medical malpractice.

PMID- 3850310
TI  - Aids, a complex syndrome.

PMID- 3850311
TI  - Seclusion and restraint: the current state of debate in Massachusetts.

PMID- 3850312
TI  - [Conjunctivitis].

PMID- 3850313
TI  - [Corneal disease in children].

PMID- 3850314
TI  - [Uveitis].

PMID- 3850316
TI  - [Congenital cataract].

PMID- 3850315
TI  - [Diseases of the lacrimal organs in children].

PMID- 3850317
TI  - [Health--the common property].

PMID- 3850318
TI  - [Congenital glaucoma].

PMID- 3850319
TI  - [Prevention of amblyopia].

PMID- 3850320
TI  - [Treatment of amblyopia in children].

PMID- 3850321
TI  - [Eye injuries in agricultural workers and their treatment].

PMID- 3850322
TI  - [Role of the nurse in treating myopic patients].

PMID- 3850323
TI  - [Work of the nurse in an office for the protection of the vision of children].

PMID- 3850324
TI  - [Ophthalmic migraine].

PMID- 3850325
TI  - [Prevention of visual fatigue while watching television].

PMID- 3850326
TI  - [Prevention of agricultural traumatism].

PMID- 3850328
TI  - [Snoring during sleep].

PMID- 3850327
TI  - [Plants in the treatment of eye diseases].

PMID- 3850329
TI  - [System of active training and instruction methods in the teaching of the topic
      of general patient care].

PMID- 3850330
TI  - [Dispensary care--one of the means for improving the health of the population].

PMID- 3850331
TI  - [Eye injuries in children].

PMID- 3850332
TI  - The nature and scope of advanced nursing practice.

PMID- 3850333
TI  - Power, nursing, and professional associations.

PMID- 3850334
TI  - Environments for enhancing nursing research.

PMID- 3850335
TI  - Predictors of pregnancy outcome and perception of birth: a nursing study in
      progress.

PMID- 3850336
TI  - The fate of recovered chemically-dependent Michigan Board of Nursing disciplined
      RNs: a descriptive study.

PMID- 3850337
TI  - Providing maternity care in the community. Part 1.

PMID- 3850338
TI  - The American nurse-midwife.

PMID- 3850339
TI  - Computers in an obstetric department.

PMID- 3850340
TI  - Computers in neonatal and paediatric departments.

PMID- 3850341
TI  - Providing maternity care in the community. Part 2.

PMID- 3850342
TI  - The scope and practice of parent counselling. Part 1.

PMID- 3850343
TI  - When your patients ask: coping with Parkinsonism.

PMID- 3850344
TI  - Neonatal seizures: Part II. Recognition, treatment, and prognosis.

PMID- 3850345
TI  - Reaching out to community hospitals with perinatal education.

PMID- 3850346
TI  - Neonatal procedure workshops: hands-on learning in outlying hospitals.

PMID- 3850347
TI  - Time management: the foundation of a smoothly operating NICU.

PMID- 3850348
TI  - Neonatal hyperviscosity-polycythemia syndrome.

PMID- 3850349
TI  - Bilateral femoral shaft derotation osteotomies.

PMID- 3850350
TI  - Theatre control.

PMID- 3850351
TI  - How staff could be made more aware of waste.

PMID- 3850352
TI  - The image of the theatre nurse.

PMID- 3850353
TI  - Collaborate for success.

PMID- 3850354
TI  - Have you questioned authority today?

PMID- 3850355
TI  - The nurse's image in theater and film.

PMID- 3850357
TI  - Interview: Linda Amos, RN, EdD.

PMID- 3850356
TI  - Hiring smart.

PMID- 3850358
TI  - 10 tips for the effective manager.

PMID- 3850359
TI  - New central clearing house for training.

PMID- 3850361
TI  - Key role of the paediatric ward sister.

PMID- 3850360
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Gain goodwill; moving on.

PMID- 3850362
TI  - Save essential homes.

PMID- 3850363
TI  - College airs its views on extending the role of the practising nurse.

PMID- 3850364
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Inquiry call; strong words.

PMID- 3850366
TI  - We owe it to breast cancer patients to maintain realistic hope.

PMID- 3850365
TI  - Safeguarding data.

PMID- 3850367
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. A useful tool; need protection.

PMID- 3850368
TI  - Manpower planning: science or art.

PMID- 3850369
TI  - Student situation.

PMID- 3850370
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Vital lessons.

PMID- 3850371
TI  - Dismissal of DNO raises a vitally important matter of principle.

PMID- 3850372
TI  - Strengthening of nursing input on ethical committees is essential.

PMID- 3850373
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Geriatric leads.

PMID- 3850374
TI  - A recognition of student maturity.

PMID- 3850375
TI  - Feeling better has to be worked at.

PMID- 3850376
TI  - Optimistic vision of the future for mental handicap nursing.

PMID- 3850377
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Get it right.

PMID- 3850378
TI  - Different opinions.

PMID- 3850379
TI  - New forum's support for nurse teachers planning change.

PMID- 3850380
TI  - Looking at nursing models.

PMID- 3850381
TI  - Career advancement in nursing.

PMID- 3850382
TI  - Making the NITA standards work for you.

PMID- 3850383
TI  - Pediatric dosage calculations.

PMID- 3850384
TI  - Justification of an i.v. team using productivity data.

PMID- 3850385
TI  - The i.v. therapy team: impact on patient care and costs of hospitalization.

PMID- 3850386
TI  - A study of i.v. therapy education.

PMID- 3850387
TI  - Continuous morphine drip for intractable pain control.

PMID- 3850388
TI  - Marketing: a tool for i.v. nurses.

PMID- 3850389
TI  - Care and cost-justification of final filtration.

PMID- 3850390
TI  - Nurses worldwide renew dedication to social action.

PMID- 3850391
TI  - Nurses and patients--together we can heal the sick health care system.

PMID- 3850392
TI  - Untangling communication lines to connect consumers and providers.

PMID- 3850393
TI  - Shaping an image of competence and caring.

PMID- 3850394
TI  - Charting nursing's course through Megatrends.

PMID- 3850395
TI  - Notes from a young aphasic patient in a nursing home.

PMID- 3850396
TI  - The university and the hospital: old friends, new allies.

PMID- 3850397
TI  - A guide for evaluation of test items.

PMID- 3850398
TI  - New directions in primary health-care nursing.

PMID- 3850399
TI  - Gaining access to a clinical setting for research.

PMID- 3850400
TI  - High-risk students. Part 3. Evaluating a student retention program.

PMID- 3850401
TI  - Reflections on teaching nursing.

PMID- 3850402
TI  - Group faculty practice: dreams versus reality.

PMID- 3850404
TI  - Quit wasting time with "nursing rituals".

PMID- 3850403
TI  - Action stat! Dislodged P.A. catheter.

PMID- 3850405
TI  - Infuse-A-Port: new path for i.v. chemotherapy.

PMID- 3850407
TI  - View from the horizontal side of caring.

PMID- 3850406
TI  - Caring for the quadriplegic patient with ankylosing spondylitis. Nursing grand
      rounds.

PMID- 3850408
TI  - Combatting heart attacks on the home front.

PMID- 3850409
TI  - Understanding drugs that affect the autonomic nervous system.

PMID- 3850410
TI  - Help your postop patient breathe easier with incentive spirometry.

PMID- 3850412
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome: an update on symptoms and treatment.

PMID- 3850411
TI  - Caring for the comatose patient.

PMID- 3850413
TI  - Getting along with doctors who are hard to get along with.

PMID- 3850414
TI  - I.C.U.--no place to "sink or swim".

PMID- 3850415
TI  - Driving while intoxicated. Gathering legal evidence: what must nurses do? Protect
      the victim, not the criminal.

PMID- 3850416
TI  - Driving while intoxicated. Gathering legal evidence: what must nurses do? Let
      laws and policies guide you.

PMID- 3850417
TI  - Julie was on my team--but she competed against me.

PMID- 3850419
TI  - Avoiding legal risks in the E.D.

PMID- 3850418
TI  - Legalizing heroin for intractable pain: humane relief or cruel hoax?

PMID- 3850420
TI  - Cut documentation time by 50%.

PMID- 3850421
TI  - Using emergency drugs correctly. Part I.

PMID- 3850423
TI  - What do dying patients need most?

PMID- 3850422
TI  - How to handle a rude doctor.

PMID- 3850424
TI  - What helps dying patients: some common fallacies.

PMID- 3850425
TI  - Hidden hazards on the job. Part II. Parenteral antineoplastic drugs.

PMID- 3850426
TI  - Can you assess this elderly patient's cardiac dysrhythmia?

PMID- 3850427
TI  - How to cope with verbal abuse.

PMID- 3850428
TI  - A case of misappropriation.

PMID- 3850429
TI  - [Competence norms and criteria, are they a reality for the beneficiary?.
      Interview by Claudette Domingue].

PMID- 3850430
TI  - [Nursing care. A link between theory and practice is imperative].

PMID- 3850431
TI  - [To provide care, one has to be in good health].

PMID- 3850432
TI  - [Episiotomy and sexual mutilations].

PMID- 3850433
TI  - [Professionalism. A question of commitment in research].

PMID- 3850434
TI  - [The Tempo automated system. Can the nurse participate in this form of audiologic
      detection?].

PMID- 3850435
TI  - [The Philippe Pinel Institute opens its doors to female beneficiaries].

PMID- 3850436
TI  - [Suicide in youth].

PMID- 3850437
TI  - [Home monitoring].

PMID- 3850438
TI  - [Alternative practices in nursing].

PMID- 3850439
TI  - [Continuing education].

PMID- 3850440
TI  - [The Health Center for Women celebrates its 10th anniversary].

PMID- 3850441
TI  - [Conjugal violence and feminism].

PMID- 3850442
TI  - [Conjugal violence. The feminist approach].

PMID- 3850443
TI  - [Conjugal violence. The emergency service. Initial contact].

PMID- 3850444
TI  - [Conjugal violence. Premarital violence].

PMID- 3850445
TI  - [Conjugal violence. The law and rights].

PMID- 3850446
TI  - [Conjugal violence. Prevention].

PMID- 3850447
TI  - [PRO-GAM. A service for violent men].

PMID- 3850448
TI  - [Administering drugs properly, it's important].

PMID- 3850450
TI  - COSHH: training and competence.

PMID- 3850449
TI  - Looking for Legionnaires.

PMID- 3850451
TI  - Getting value from workplace visits.

PMID- 3850452
TI  - Sulphur dioxide fume exposure.

PMID- 3850453
TI  - Mental health at work. 3.

PMID- 3850454
TI  - Image and reality. 3. OH services in the NHS.

PMID- 3850455
TI  - Carter: striking the right balance?. Interview by Michael Bangs.

PMID- 3850456
TI  - OH in the Third World: the background.

PMID- 3850457
TI  - Mental health at work--4.

PMID- 3850458
TI  - Characteristics of a nursing diagnosis.

PMID- 3850459
TI  - Nursing diagnosis in occupational health.

PMID- 3850460
TI  - Nursing diagnosis: theoretical foundations.

PMID- 3850461
TI  - Nursing diagnosis: selected dilemmas in practice.

PMID- 3850462
TI  - Nursing diagnosis within the context of the nursing process.

PMID- 3850463
TI  - Rape trauma syndrome: a nursing diagnosis.

PMID- 3850464
TI  - An analysis of the employment patterns, roles and functions of master's-prepared
      occupational health nurse. Part I.

PMID- 3850465
TI  - Leadership: an AAOHN perspective.

PMID- 3850467
TI  - Gaventa's theory of power and powerlessness: application to nursing.

PMID- 3850466
TI  - Leadership and power in occupational health nursing: fact or fiction?

PMID- 3850468
TI  - Occupational health nursing: power in the 80s.

PMID- 3850469
TI  - Nurses: leaders in wellness.

PMID- 3850471
TI  - Unite to end sex-based wage disparities.

PMID- 3850470
TI  - An analysis of the employment patterns, roles and functions of master's-prepared
      occupational health nurses. Part II.

PMID- 3850472
TI  - The emergence of "superbaby": a good thing?

PMID- 3850473
TI  - Maternal anxiety, problem-solving ability, and adaptation to the premature
      infant.

PMID- 3850474
TI  - Selecting the appropriate family assessment tool.

PMID- 3850475
TI  - Only children: what do we know about them?

PMID- 3850476
TI  - An interview guide for helping children make health-care decisions.

PMID- 3850477
TI  - Common concerns of parents with disabled children.

PMID- 3850478
TI  - Children and pets: a therapeutic connection.

PMID- 3850479
TI  - Practice management. Strategies to increase visibility and acceptance among
      clients.

PMID- 3850480
TI  - Practical approaches to clinical research. Weaving research frameworks.

PMID- 3850481
TI  - Postcoital contraception.

PMID- 3850482
TI  - Pediatric management problems. Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3850483
TI  - Comparative studies on salivary kallikrein from cystic fibrosis patients and
      controls.
AB  - Kallikrein (EC 3.4.21.8) has been purified from the saliva of cystic fibrosis
      (CF) patients and from healthy individuals. The yields of enzyme are the same for
      both kinds of saliva. The CF and normal kallikrein have similar physical-chemical
      properties, such as amino acid composition, electrophoretic mobilities in
      polyacrylamide gels when different conditions are used, intrinsic fluorescence,
      and circular dichroism. The enzymes have no alpha-helix structure but large
      amounts of pleated sheet structure. CF and normal salivary kallikrein have also
      similar enzymatic properties, for example both enzymes show maximum activity at
      pH 8.2. An identical value of Km = 0.4 mM has been found for both enzymes with N
      benzoyl arginine ethyl ester as substrate, despite the fact that the kallikreins
      are inhibited by high substrate concentrations. The results of this investigation
      show that the salivary kallikrein in CF is normal and that it has normal
      activity. This leads us to suggest that the salivary kallikrein is not the cause
      of the observed abnormalities in CF saliva.

PMID- 3850484
TI  - Policies and procedures of accreditation for programs in nursing education.

PMID- 3850485
TI  - Major life events, daily stressors, and perimenstrual symptoms.
AB  - Major life events and daily stressors have been associated with women's
      experience of perimenstrual symptoms (PS). The purpose of this study was to
      determine the relationship of major life events and daily stressors to PS.
      Seventy-four women between 18 and 35 years of age kept daily recordings of
      stressors and symptoms for 2 months after which they completed the Schedule of
      Recent Events and the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ). Major life
      events were associated with PS reports on the MDQ but not with symptoms reported
      in the daily health diary. Daily stressors were more influential in perimenstrual
      symptoms than the cumulation of major life events. Moreover, a generally
      stressful life context was more influential in the experience of perimenstrual
      symptoms than episodes of stressful experiences during a particular menstrual
      cycle phase.

PMID- 3850486
TI  - Indicators of medical regimen adherence for myocardial infarction patients.
AB  - This study investigated relationships between demographic and medical variables,
      attitudes, perceived beliefs of others, and intentions toward medical regimen
      adherence and actual posthospitalization regimen adherence. During
      hospitalization, attitudes, perceived beliefs of others, and intentions toward
      prescribed medical regimen were elicited from 112 persons recovering from a first
      time myocardial infarction (MI). Six to 9 months posthospitalization, attitudes,
      perceived beliefs of others, and adherence behaviors were assessed. Multiple
      regression analysis indicated that, during hospitalization, attitudes and
      perceived beliefs of others were strong indicators of intentions to adhere to the
      medical regimen, but they were not indicators of actual adherence
      posthospitalization. Posthospitalization, attitudes and perceived beliefs of
      others were strong indicators of actual regimen adherence. Findings indicate
      rehabilitation plans for the MI patient should be individualized for hospital and
      home and should include data on health belief variables.

PMID- 3850487
TI  - The employment potential of hemodialysis patients.
AB  - This study examined variables that may influence the employment potential of
      hemodialysis patients. The study group consisted of currently employed (n = 20)
      and currently unemployed (n = 20) hemodialysis patients. All subjects had been
      employed before starting dialysis and were currently judged physically able to
      work by their physicians. No significant differences were found in job
      satisfaction or job importance before starting dialysis. The groups did not
      differ on biophysiological status or perception of health. However, a greater
      number of the unemployed had held jobs requiring heavier physical labor and
      reported that uremic symptoms prevented them from working. They also encountered
      more job discrimination due to illness and had a greater loss of career and life
      goals. No significant differences were found between the two groups in life
      satisfaction or dependence. In both groups the more independent subjects reported
      greater satisfaction with life.

PMID- 3850488
TI  - Urinary incontinence verification in elderly men.
AB  - This study considered the problem of verifying the amount and frequency of
      incontinent urine loss in an outpatient population. The sample consisted of
      elderly male community-dwelling veterans who experienced urinary incontinence.
      Two amount tests (60-minute and 3-day) were completed by 46 volunteer subjects
      and 7-day frequency records were kept by an additional 44 volunteers. Results
      indicated that 60-minute and 3-day absorbent pad tests for amount of urine loss
      classified 59% (n = 27) of the subjects the same way (normal or abnormal). Thus,
      the shorter test appears useful as a screening test and offers advantages of
      lower cost and more accurate reporting. If abnormal urine loss is not identified
      with the short test, the long test should be used to detect infrequent episodes.
      Three-day tests for incontinence frequency classified 86% (n = 28) of subjects
      the same as 4-day tests. Therefore, a 3-day test appears adequate to determine
      the number and pattern of incontinent episodes as well as associations with
      relevant events such as activity levels and fluid intake.

PMID- 3850489
TI  - Goal setting and health risk reduction.
AB  - The effectiveness of client participation in goal selection aimed at health risk
      reduction was compared with the effectiveness of provider-selected goals and of
      no goal setting. No difference in goal attainment was found between the two
      groups with goals. However, analyses of covariance for selected subsamples of
      individuals at risk revealed a significant difference between goal-setting groups
      for weight reduction, with the collaborative goal-setting group being more
      effective. Covariance analyses for other subsamples at risk showed significant
      differences between the goal-setting groups for current health age and potential
      for life expectancy increase; the provider goal-setting group proved to be more
      effective. Paired t tests within groups revealed that the provider goal-setting
      group made significant change in alcohol intake, seat belt use, and exercise as
      well as in global measures of current health age, estimated life expectancy, and
      potential for life expectancy increase. For the collaborative goal-setting group,
      significant change was found in weight reduction, exercise levels, and the global
      measures of estimated life expectancy and potential for life expectancy increase.
      The control group made a significant change in exercise, but not in any of the
      global measures of risk reduction.

PMID- 3850490
TI  - Validity and reliability of the Collaborative Practice Scales.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the
      Collaborative Practice Scales, two distinct self-report measures that assess the
      degree to which the interactions of nurses (Scale 1) and physicians (Scale 2)
      enable synergistic influence of patient care. Ninety-five nurses and 94
      physicians completed test-retest versions of the scales as well as measures of
      attitudes toward shared responsibility and their mode of handling differences of
      opinion. Interdisciplinary peer evaluators rated subjects on collaborative
      practice. Two theoretically relevant factors were delineated for each of the
      scales, with the 9-item nurse scale measuring direct assertion of professional
      expertise/opinion and active clarification of mutual responsibilities and the 10
      item physician scale measuring acknowledgement of the nurse's contribution to
      patient care and consensus development with nurses. Eigenvalues ranged from 1.27
      to 4.17. Alpha coefficients were .80 and .84. Correlations with receptivity to
      shared responsibility and collaborative management of differences indicated
      support for factors underlying each scale. Sex of physician and the physician's
      behavior as rated by peer evaluators predicted scores on the physician scale;
      educational preparation and type of professional responsibility predicted nurses'
      collaborative practice. Six-week test-retest reliability was significant for both
      scales. Although results of the study were encouraging, a need for the addition
      of other theory-linked factors, combined with further testing of the scales, was
      identified.

PMID- 3850491
TI  - Medical students' views of the role of the nurse.
AB  - Problems of interprofessional relationships in the health care field were
      examined by asking medical students what experiences were important to the
      development of their views of nurses and nursing. First, field observations were
      made in nine hospitals affiliated with a large medical school. They were followed
      by individual tape-recorded, semi-structured interviews with 60 medical students
      randomly selected and stratified on the basis of year in the program and sex of
      the student. Ten males and five females from each of the 4 years comprised the
      sample. Analytic induction was used for data analysis and incorporated cross
      classification within topical categories to quantitatively determine trends.
      Findings revealed that while students' views of the health care team tended to be
      general and broadly inclusive among first- and second-year students, fourth-year
      students more often described specific personnel who could contribute directly to
      a particular patients' treatment as defined by the patient's medical diagnosis.
      Over the 4 years of medical school, students' perception of the physician's role
      vis-a-vis the patient and the health care team became more specific, while their
      perception of the nurse's role became more vague and diffuse. Factors
      contributing to confusion between the roles of the medical student and the nurse
      are identified and discussed.

PMID- 3850492
TI  - Accuracy of self-reported measures of compliance.

PMID- 3850493
TI  - Back on the rails.

PMID- 3850495
TI  - Welfare. Charity begins at home?

PMID- 3850494
TI  - Political funds. Fighting for the fund.

PMID- 3850496
TI  - Commons sense. If only ...

PMID- 3850497
TI  - Women behind bars.

PMID- 3850498
TI  - Prisons. A chance of security. Interview by Pamela Holmes.

PMID- 3850499
TI  - Prisons. A saga of neglect.

PMID- 3850500
TI  - Prisons. Family welfare.

PMID- 3850502
TI  - Jargon. The prynig syndrome.

PMID- 3850501
TI  - Management. Overlap--fact or fancy?

PMID- 3850503
TI  - Nursing process. Special assignment.

PMID- 3850504
TI  - Alcohol and pregnancy.

PMID- 3850506
TI  - Are handouts really necessary?

PMID- 3850505
TI  - Jumping off the bandwagon.

PMID- 3850507
TI  - Sickle cell disease: the disease that discriminates.

PMID- 3850508
TI  - Community: stretching resources.

PMID- 3850509
TI  - Pain relief. Home coMfort.

PMID- 3850510
TI  - Too much to ask?

PMID- 3850512
TI  - In for a rest?

PMID- 3850511
TI  - Buckley Vale district. On the move. One.

PMID- 3850513
TI  - Cosmic nursing. Making way for the light brigade.

PMID- 3850514
TI  - Nursing process. A rich experience.

PMID- 3850515
TI  - Surgical management of hiatus hernia.

PMID- 3850516
TI  - Surgical management of hiatus hernia. A new lease on life.

PMID- 3850517
TI  - Management. A daily forecast.

PMID- 3850518
TI  - Baby love?

PMID- 3850519
TI  - Computers in nursing. Languages with a difference.

PMID- 3850520
TI  - Computers in nursing. A package deal.

PMID- 3850521
TI  - Backchat: an appropriate training?

PMID- 3850522
TI  - Private health. A private affair?

PMID- 3850523
TI  - Privatisation. New brooms.

PMID- 3850524
TI  - Medical unemployment. Is there a doctor on the dole?

PMID- 3850526
TI  - Three steps forward.

PMID- 3850525
TI  - She'll take the high road. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3850527
TI  - Extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

PMID- 3850529
TI  - Job Stress. Too much pressure.

PMID- 3850530
TI  - Handled with care.

PMID- 3850528
TI  - Budgeting for beginners. Finance for managers.

PMID- 3850531
TI  - Confidence with practice.

PMID- 3850532
TI  - On the move. Two. Buckley Vale district.

PMID- 3850533
TI  - Systems of life No 129. Setting up the systems--29.

PMID- 3850534
TI  - Nurses and trade unions.

PMID- 3850535
TI  - Backchat: animal rights.

PMID- 3850536
TI  - Child health. Satisfying human needs.

PMID- 3850537
TI  - Child health. Comfort for the crying child.

PMID- 3850538
TI  - Money wise.

PMID- 3850539
TI  - The ditch digger who came up. Interview by Pamela Holmes.

PMID- 3850540
TI  - Advice that's too hard to swallow?

PMID- 3850541
TI  - Manpower audit. Distribution problems.

PMID- 3850542
TI  - Defending the all-rounder.

PMID- 3850543
TI  - Nursing in the Third World. Why aid can go wrong.

PMID- 3850544
TI  - Nursing in the Third World. Food, not pharmaceuticals.

PMID- 3850545
TI  - Nursing clinics for arthritics.

PMID- 3850546
TI  - The sugar debate.

PMID- 3850547
TI  - Management. Stateside staffing.

PMID- 3850548
TI  - On the move. Three. Conversion of a sceptic. Buckley Vale District.

PMID- 3850549
TI  - Thumbs up for dummies.

PMID- 3850550
TI  - Job stress. Warding off a crisis.

PMID- 3850551
TI  - Mental health nursing. Deliberate self-harm.

PMID- 3850552
TI  - Mental health nursing. Compassion is better than conflict.

PMID- 3850554
TI  - Doorway to quality nursing care.

PMID- 3850553
TI  - Independence of nursing profession.

PMID- 3850555
TI  - If the infant is ill.

PMID- 3850557
TI  - New strategies for nursing manpower.

PMID- 3850556
TI  - Patients' properties and valuables in the wards: things to be remembered by
      nurses.

PMID- 3850558
TI  - Care of patients having tetanus: a case study.

PMID- 3850559
TI  - Education for health administration in India.

PMID- 3850560
TI  - Nurses speak up for better health.

PMID- 3850561
TI  - Role of nurse in a leprosy hospital.

PMID- 3850562
TI  - The problem of pressure sores.

PMID- 3850563
TI  - Qualities of leadership.

PMID- 3850564
TI  - United we stand.

PMID- 3850565
TI  - Carer not caretaker.

PMID- 3850566
TI  - Patient's page. Denied paternity.

PMID- 3850567
TI  - Stoma care. 3. Drugs and diet.

PMID- 3850568
TI  - Psychiatry. Concept meets reality.

PMID- 3850569
TI  - Occupational health. An education in nursing.

PMID- 3850570
TI  - Midwifery revision. 2. The shock of birth.

PMID- 3850571
TI  - Legislation. 6. The European connection.

PMID- 3850572
TI  - Education. Developing a thirst.

PMID- 3850574
TI  - Treating ulcers.

PMID- 3850573
TI  - A question of satisfaction.

PMID- 3850575
TI  - Education. A minor task...

PMID- 3850576
TI  - Community. Weeding out the weed.

PMID- 3850577
TI  - Staff of life.

PMID- 3850578
TI  - Evacuating a VIP.

PMID- 3850579
TI  - Legislation 7. The decade so far.

PMID- 3850580
TI  - Management. Deciding factors.

PMID- 3850581
TI  - Stoma care. 4. Rehabilitation and problem solving.

PMID- 3850582
TI  - Midwifery revision. 3. Diabetes in pregnancy and parturition.

PMID- 3850583
TI  - Breaking point.

PMID- 3850584
TI  - A lack of sensitivity.

PMID- 3850585
TI  - Auditory difficulties.

PMID- 3850586
TI  - Down your way. Ayrshire and Arran.

PMID- 3850587
TI  - Midwifery revision. 4. The transition to motherhood.

PMID- 3850588
TI  - People. Aerial enterprise. Interview by Diana Campbell.

PMID- 3850589
TI  - The class of '85.

PMID- 3850590
TI  - Stoma care. 5. Body image and reproduction.

PMID- 3850591
TI  - The Hickman catheter.

PMID- 3850592
TI  - Mental handicap. Fears unfounded.

PMID- 3850593
TI  - Chronic breathing difficulties.

PMID- 3850594
TI  - Research. Pursuit of happiness.

PMID- 3850595
TI  - Psychiatry. My day at the Henderson.

PMID- 3850596
TI  - Finance. 1. Navigating the money maze.

PMID- 3850597
TI  - Education. A pilot scheme for high-flyers.

PMID- 3850598
TI  - Stoma care 6. Stoma care in youth and old age.

PMID- 3850599
TI  - Management. The night of the long knives.

PMID- 3850600
TI  - Community. Coping with CAPD.

PMID- 3850601
TI  - Being there.

PMID- 3850602
TI  - Health education. United against cancer.

PMID- 3850604
TI  - Patient's page. Dreaded visitation.

PMID- 3850603
TI  - Clinical. When givers prove unkind.

PMID- 3850605
TI  - Hostility in accident and emergency departments.

PMID- 3850606
TI  - Sloppy but comfortable.

PMID- 3850607
TI  - Education. Structure for study.

PMID- 3850608
TI  - Crisis in care. Managing stress in the ICU.

PMID- 3850609
TI  - [Indices of the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood in adolescent tuberculosis
      patients].

PMID- 3850610
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a proteinase inhibitor from marama beans.
AB  - A protease inhibitor was purified from the African marama bean (Tylosema
      esculenturm). The inhibitor is present in large amounts, representing about 10.5%
      of the total protein. The molecular weight is slightly larger than soybean
      trypsin inhibitor and was estimated at 23,000 by SDS-gel electrophoresis or
      24,500 by amino acid analysis. The amino acid composition was atypical of most
      other plant inhibitors with a cysteine content of only one or possibly two
      residues/mole and a blocked amino terminus. Inhibition studies indicated
      virtually no inhibition of chymotrypsin activity. Elastase, however, was
      inhibited to the same extent as trypsin, requiring about 2 moles of inhibitor for
      complete inhibition of the enzyme.

PMID- 3850611
TI  - Absence of "meaningful treatment": death in E.R.

PMID- 3850612
TI  - When R.N.'s fail to communicate: disaster. Case in point: Lambert v. Sisters of
      Mercy Health Corp. (369 N.W. 2d 417-IA).

PMID- 3850613
TI  - Legal case briefs for nurses. SC: husband supervises R.N.--wife: nepotism. MA:
      tax affidavit required: licensure.

PMID- 3850614
TI  - Tonsillectomy--anesthetic overdose: 1 million dollars damages. Case in point:
      Theophelis v. Lansing General Hosp. (366 N.W.2d 249-MI).

PMID- 3850615
TI  - Progressive resistance exercise for injury rehabilitation. Special emphasis on
      isokinetic training.

PMID- 3850616
TI  - Running shoes, orthotics, and injuries.
AB  - Running is the most visible expression of the continued interest in regular
      physical activities. Unfortunately injuries are common, primarily due to overuse,
      and a number of aetiological factors have been recognised. Of these, training
      errors can be responsible for up to 60% of injuries. The training surface, a lack
      of flexibility and strength, the stage of growth and development, poor footwear
      and abnormal biomechanical features have all been implicated in the development
      of running injuries. A thorough understanding of the biomechanics of running is a
      necessary prerequisite for individuals who treat or advise runners. Clinically,
      the configuration of the longitudinal arch is a valuable method of classifying
      feet and has direct implications on the development and management of running
      problems. The runner with excessively pronated feet has features which predispose
      him/her to injuries that most frequently occur at the medial aspect of the lower
      extremity: tibial stress syndrome; patellofemoral pain syndrome; and posterior
      tibialis tendinitis. These problems occur because of excessive motion at the
      subtalar joint and control of this movement can be made through the selection of
      appropriate footwear, plus orthotic foot control. The runner with cavus feet
      often has a rigid foot and concomitant problems of decreased ability to absorb
      the force of ground contact. These athletes have unique injuries found most
      commonly on the lateral aspect of the lower extremity: iliotibial band friction
      syndrome; peroneus tendinitis; stress fractures; trochanteric bursitis; and
      plantar fasciitis. Appropriate footwear advice and the use of energy-absorbing
      materials to help dissipate shock will benefit these individuals. Running shoes
      for the pronated runner should control the excessive motion. The shoes should be
      board-lasted, straight-lasted, have a stable heel counter, extra medial support,
      and a wider flare than the shoes for the cavus foot. For these athletes a slip
      lasted, curve-lasted shoe with softer ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and a narrow
      flare is appropriate. Orthotic devices are useful in selected runners with
      demonstrated biomechanical abnormalities that contribute to the injury. Soft
      orthotics made of a commercial insole laminated with EVA are comfortable, easily
      adjusted, inexpensive, and more for-giving than the semirigid orthotics which are
      useful in cases where the soft orthotic does not provide adequate foot control. A
      review of injury data shows an alarming rise in the incidence of knee pain in
      runners-from 18% to 50% of injuries in 13 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3850617
TI  - Biomechanics, load analysis and sports injuries in the lower extremities.
AB  - The study of sports injuries has grown with the increase in importance of sport
      as a leisure-time activity. The origin of many sports injuries is assumed to be
      mechanical, with the forces and/or stresses acting on one element of the human
      locomotor system exceeding the critical limits. This article presents some
      biomechanical considerations on the mechanical aspect of the aetiology, reduction
      and treatment of sport injuries with special emphasis on the lower extremities.
      Forces acting on the locomotor system have a magnitude, a point of application
      and a direction. Both magnitude and geometry (point of application and direction)
      are important in load analysis. However, the geometrical aspect of externally
      acting forces is an extremely important aspect, especially with respect to
      reduction of load in practical situations. Load analysis is usually performed
      with force transducers and optical instruments in order to quantify magnitude and
      geometry. Two possible approaches to load analysis are discussed. One approach
      works with the critical limits of biomaterials. This approach shows that the
      local stresses for cartilage, tendon and bone are in the order of 10 to 20% of
      the critical limit for normal daily activities, such as walking. The second
      approach deals with strategies to reduce load, assuming that it is usually too
      high in sports activities. The nature of playing surfaces and shoes are revealed
      as important possibilities for load reduction.

PMID- 3850618
TI  - [Equal care for all].

PMID- 3850619
TI  - [Sarcoidosis].

PMID- 3850620
TI  - [Old...and demented].

PMID- 3850621
TI  - [Tears and cries of young children: from normal to pathologic].

PMID- 3850622
TI  - [Activities in a medical unit].

PMID- 3850623
TI  - [Villa Maraini. An open therapy].

PMID- 3850624
TI  - [The hospital and its budget. Landmarks in order to understand].

PMID- 3850625
TI  - [The role of the nurses' aide].

PMID- 3850626
TI  - [Computers and nursing care].

PMID- 3850627
TI  - [Professional documentation. Practical guide for the nurse practitioner].

PMID- 3850628
TI  - When you leave your friends behind.

PMID- 3850629
TI  - Why I help my patients feed themselves.

PMID- 3850630
TI  - What lasers can do for your glaucoma patient.

PMID- 3850631
TI  - An oasis for cancer patients.

PMID- 3850632
TI  - Saving the baby when Mom has herpes.

PMID- 3850633
TI  - Nurse practitioners: how are they doing now?

PMID- 3850634
TI  - This NP covers for a physician.

PMID- 3850635
TI  - When your patient has jaw surgery.

PMID- 3850636
TI  - Inservice after dark? That's right.

PMID- 3850637
TI  - Helping your patient build a sturdier body image.

PMID- 3850638
TI  - If you question your patient's competence.

PMID- 3850639
TI  - We need just one door to nursing.

PMID- 3850640
TI  - When to worry about vitamin overdose.

PMID- 3850641
TI  - New gains for nursing research.

PMID- 3850642
TI  - Gerontology--a learning experience.

PMID- 3850643
TI  - Distance education takes off.

PMID- 3850644
TI  - Telemedicine for Ontario.

PMID- 3850645
TI  - Complement factor D in serum. An indicator of glomerular filtration rate in
      chronic inflammatory arthritis.

PMID- 3850646
TI  - Identification of T-kininogen in high and low molecular weight kininogens
      deficient rat (brown Norway Katholiek strain).
AB  - Kinin release in Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka) rat plasma was compared with
      those of Brown Norway Kitasato and Sprague-Dawley rats by treating with rat
      plasma kallikrein, rat urinary kallikrein, snake venom kininogenase and trypsin.
      B/N-Ka rat plasma yielded no detectable amount of kinin by either plasma
      kallikrein, urinary kallikrein or snake venom kininogenase, but yielded variable
      amount of kinin by trypsin. The released kinin was proved to be isoleucylseryl
      bradykinin by high performance liquid chromatography and bioassay profiles. B/N
      Ka rat plasma formed a precipitation line against antiserum to T-kininogen, but
      no line against antiserum to HMW kininogen-light chain.

PMID- 3850647
TI  - Kinetic analysis of plasminogen activation by purified plasma kallikrein.
AB  - Kinetics of plasminogen activation by purified activated plasma kallikrein have
      been studied in a purified system using Glu-plasminogen as a substrate. A
      synthetic paranitroanilide substrate was used for quantification of the formed
      plasmin. In that system kallikrein cleaved plasminogen with a Km value of 0.56
      microM, a kcat of 1.6 X 10(-4) s-1 and a catalytic efficiency kcat/Km of 2.7 X
      10(-4) s-1 microM-1. Addition of CNBr fibrinogen fragments resulted in an
      increase of Km to 1.18 microM, an increase of kcat to 5.1 X 10(-4) s-1 and an
      increase in the catalytic rate constant kcat/Km to 4.3 X 10(-4) s-1 microM-1.
      Addition of purified high molecular weight kininogen had no effect on the
      kinetics of plasminogen activation whether or not stimulating fibrinogen
      fragments were present. A stimulating effect of fibrinogen fragments could also
      be shown for the cleavage of the low molecular weight paranitroanilide substrate
      H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-pNA by kallikrein; in that system the kcat for substrate cleavage
      by kallikrein increased from 200 s-1 to 280 s-1, while the Km value remained
      unchanged. From these data it can be concluded that based on enzyme kinetic
      studies plasminogen activator activity of purified plasma kallikrein is about
      1/1000 of that of high molecular weight urokinase and is only slightly influenced
      by addition of stimulating fibrinogen fragments. Addition of high molecular
      weight kininogen does not affect plasminogen activator activity of purified
      plasma kallikrein.

PMID- 3850648
TI  - Clotting activities and antigen concentrations of contact factors in kidney
      disease.
AB  - Factor XII, prekallikrein (PK) and high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK)
      clotting activities and antigen concentrations in kidney disease patients were
      studied. Chronic hemodialysis led to a reduction of F XII, PK and HMWK clotting
      activities. F XII and PK antigen levels were also low. In contrast, the HMWK
      antigen was normal with respect to concentration as well as electrophoretic
      migration behaviour on 2 D-immunelectrophoresis. In kidney transplant recipients
      more than three month after the transplantation, we found an increased of F XII
      and PK clotting activities, which appeared to depend on the time elapsed since
      the operation. However, the antigen levels remained normal. The group of chronic
      kidney disease patients not requiring hemodialysis exhibited normal mean values
      of all three clotting activities as well as normal F XII and HMWK antigen levels.
      The PK antigen was reduced. However, a separate evaluation of F XII clotting
      activities (F XII:C) in patients with glomerular nephritis showed elevated F
      XII:C which correlated with the BUN values. During acute processes of the kidney
      disease we observed very high PK clotting activities, which normalized with
      stabilization of the patients. Our results show that the contact phase
      coagulation factors behave abnormally in certain kidney disease patients.

PMID- 3850649
TI  - [Evaluation of nursing activities. Background and goals].

PMID- 3850650
TI  - [Safe handling of cytostatic agents].

PMID- 3850652
TI  - [The documentation of nursing processes. Daily report. II].

PMID- 3850651
TI  - [The geriatric patient in the hospital].

PMID- 3850653
TI  - [Function evaluation health care].

PMID- 3850655
TI  - [Development of nursing standards. Urge for quality assurance].

PMID- 3850654
TI  - [Does the patient have a right to complain?].

PMID- 3850656
TI  - [Automation, the solution? What can the computer do for us, nurses?].

PMID- 3850657
TI  - [Computers in nursing].

PMID- 3850658
TI  - [Computers in nursing. Data like a flow of water].

PMID- 3850659
TI  - [Computer applications in a nursing department].

PMID- 3850660
TI  - [Creating nursing care plans with the computer].

PMID- 3850661
TI  - [Computer support of nursing care].

PMID- 3850662
TI  - [Automatic data processing in nursing management].

PMID- 3850663
TI  - [Important aspects in the use of computers in nursing].

PMID- 3850664
TI  - [They are far too busy... An observation with reference to conversations with
      patients].

PMID- 3850665
TI  - [The effect of noise on the well-being of mentally retarded. A study].

PMID- 3850666
TI  - [A.D.V. (reduction in working hours) and the consequences for inservice
      education].

PMID- 3850668
TI  - Perioperative nursing: vital to holistic care.

PMID- 3850667
TI  - Posterior capsulectomy with the Nd: YAG laser.

PMID- 3850669
TI  - Keeping up-to-date in rural ORs.

PMID- 3850670
TI  - Medical-legal issues associated with organ donation and transplantation. Part II.
      Living donors.

PMID- 3850671
TI  - Trauma: O.R. readiness makes a difference.

PMID- 3850673
TI  - Computers to the OR--STAT! (Part 1).

PMID- 3850672
TI  - Total knee arthroplasty: a team approach.

PMID- 3850674
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy: restoring cerebral circulation.

PMID- 3850675
TI  - Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy: implanting the Infusaid pump.

PMID- 3850676
TI  - O.R. nursing is nursing.

PMID- 3850678
TI  - Health problems encountered by nurse practitioners and physicians in family
      practice clinics.

PMID- 3850679
TI  - Taking risks with health.

PMID- 3850680
TI  - Ethical issues in nursing research.

PMID- 3850681
TI  - Characteristics of productive research environments in nursing.

PMID- 3850682
TI  - Using research in practice. The current context.

PMID- 3850683
TI  - Computer use and nursing research.

PMID- 3850684
TI  - Development of a research group. A Parsonsian view.

PMID- 3850685
TI  - Collaboration and the research process.

PMID- 3850687
TI  - Decubitus ulcer care: a comparative study.

PMID- 3850686
TI  - Developing an instrument for the assessment of family dynamics.

PMID- 3850688
TI  - Development of a research group. A group dynamics view.

PMID- 3850689
TI  - Autotutorial and lecture-demonstration instruction: a comparative analysis of the
      effects upon students' learning of a developmental assessment skill.

PMID- 3850690
TI  - How families manage a pediatric hospitalization.

PMID- 3850691
TI  - Stages of coming out: an ethnographic approach.

PMID- 3850692
TI  - Space use, privacy, and territoriality.

PMID- 3850693
TI  - Couvade: patterns, predictors, and nursing management: a research proposal
      submitted to the division of nursing.

PMID- 3850694
TI  - Ethical issues in nursing research.

PMID- 3850695
TI  - Conducting meta-analytic studies.

PMID- 3850696
TI  - Strategies for teaching nursing research. Developing a research attitude through
      questioning.

PMID- 3850697
TI  - Research utilization: theoretical perspectives.

PMID- 3850698
TI  - Health behavior choice as related to self-actualization and health conception.

PMID- 3850699
TI  - Life stress and cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 3850700
TI  - Masculinity and femininity in transvestite, transsexual, and gay males.

PMID- 3850701
TI  - Empathy in faculty and students in different types of nursing preparation
      programs.

PMID- 3850702
TI  - Nursing research from 1977 to 1981.

PMID- 3850703
TI  - Linguistic analysis of questionnaire responses: methods of coping with work
      stress.

PMID- 3850704
TI  - Ethical issues in nursing research.

PMID- 3850705
TI  - Problems in measuring reciprocity with difference scores.

PMID- 3850706
TI  - The University of California at San Francisco Research Environment.

PMID- 3850707
TI  - Research in cultural diversity. Reliability issues in cross-cultural research.

PMID- 3850708
TI  - [Inhibition of the catalytic activity of pepsin(ogen) in human urine. II.
      Isolation of uropepsin inhibitors from human urine concentrates using affinity
      chromatography with pepsin sepharose 4B].

PMID- 3850709
TI  - The emerging role of the family clinical nurse specialist.

PMID- 3850710
TI  - A collaborative approach to research in oncology nursing practice.

PMID- 3850711
TI  - Reduced cofactor function of human high molecular weight kininogen induced by rat
      plasma kallikrein.
AB  - Plasma kallikrein purified from acetone-activated, plasminogen-free rat plasma
      yielded in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein bands corresponding to Mr
      values of 143,000 (main band) and 135,000 (lighter band). After SDS treatment
      without reduction the protein pattern had changed to two strong bands
      corresponding to Mr values of 87,000 and 78,000. Gel electrophoresis of
      kallikrein purified from plasma of rats pretreated with clinical dextran (200
      mg/kg intravenously) produced main bands corresponding to Mr values of 120,000
      130,000 and 78,000-80,000 for native samples and SDS-treated samples respectively
      (Johansen & Briseid 1983). Both kinds of kallikrein reduced the capacity of human
      high molecular weight kininogen to function as a cofactor in the surface-mediated
      activation of factor XII in a crude plasma preparation. The preparation obtained
      from plasma of dextran-treated rats was significantly more potent than was the
      normal kallikrein preparation, both as regards the effect against HMrK, and as an
      activator of plasminogen.

PMID- 3850712
TI  - The effect of age on the relationship between plasma elastase and ingested lipid.
AB  - In human subjects ranging in age from 57 to 99 years the elastase content of the
      plasma increased following the ingestion of a lipid-rich meal. Animal experiments
      have shown that peak elastase levels are attained after 3 to 4 hours, which are
      similar to the appearance of peak levels of triglyceride. The difference between
      the postprandial and fasting levels of elastase is age-dependent, being greatest
      among the lowest ages studied and falling exponentially at ages above 65-70.
      Since it has already been shown that individuals aged 65-75 with high fasting
      levels of plasma elastase are less likely to survive into their ninth or tenth
      decades it is suggested that the measurement of the increase in elastase
      associated with the intake of a lipid-rich meal can provide an acceptable
      indication of survival potential.

PMID- 3850713
TI  - Nosocomial infections with methicillin and tobramycin resistant Staphylococcus
      aureus--implication of physiotherapy in hospital-wide dissemination.
AB  - From January 1979 to July 1980, methicillin and tobramycin resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 45 patients at a Veteran's Administration
      hospital. Of these 45, 36 (80%) had clinical infections involving non-surgical
      wounds (16), urinary tract (10), blood (8), surgical wounds (7), and sputum (5).
      The epidemic strain had a single phage type (47/54/75/77/83A), a single, 16.4 Md
      plasmid, and produced an aminoglycoside inactivating enzyme (AAD[4']). Compared
      to a control group of patients with nosocomial antibiotic susceptible S. aureus
      infections, patients with the epidemic strain had more hospital days before a
      positive culture (p = .004), more severe underlying disease (p = .006), received
      antibiotics more often (p = .0018), and underwent physiotherapy more often (p =
      .00007). Although selected environmental and personnel cultures were negative for
      the epidemic strain, epidemiologic investigation suggested that hospital-wide
      dissemination of S. aureus may have occurred through patient contacts in the
      physiotherapy department with subsequent clusters of cases occurring on several
      wards.

PMID- 3850715
TI  - Theophyllines and food.

PMID- 3850714
TI  - What are orthostatic BP changes?

PMID- 3850716
TI  - Lessons from history: the picket-guard nurse.

PMID- 3850717
TI  - Daring to care.

PMID- 3850718
TI  - Moving to a nursing model.

PMID- 3850719
TI  - Assessing the elderly. 2. Altered presentations.

PMID- 3850720
TI  - A test in time.

PMID- 3850721
TI  - Chicago. An American crossroads.

PMID- 3850722
TI  - A double life for a dental irrigation device.

PMID- 3850723
TI  - Literature to go.

PMID- 3850724
TI  - 'Just' an RN?

PMID- 3850725
TI  - A guide for community-based nursing services.

PMID- 3850726
TI  - Boards of nursing: composition, member qualifications, and statutory authority.

PMID- 3850727
TI  - Postoperative wound infection surveillance by use of bacterial contamination
      categories.
AB  - A prospective 2-year surveillance of 7129 wounds was conducted on all surgical
      services of the University Hospital in Seattle to determine the postoperative
      infection rates by surgical wound category. Rates on all services for clean
      (0.8%), clean-contaminated (3.4%), contaminated (3.6%), and dirty (9.9%) wounds
      were recorded and compared to rates reported in the surgical literature. The
      overall wound infection rate was 1.7%. When the incidence of infection for a
      specific service in a category was observed to be in excess of a previously
      reported upper rate, patient charts were critically reviewed to determine if
      host, pathogen, or technical factors could be implicated in the excessive
      infection rates. Extending postoperative wound surveillance to include critical
      chart analysis in these categories provides hospital staff members responsible
      for infection control the opportunity to organize corrective measures against
      excessive rates in a broader category of wounds.

PMID- 3850728
TI  - Failure of the urinalysis and quantitative urine culture in diagnosing
      symptomatic urinary tract infections in patients with long-term urinary
      catheters.
AB  - Since urine culture and urinalysis are both of uncertain reliability in
      diagnosing symptomatic urinary tract infections in patients with chronic urinary
      catheters, we performed sequential quantitative cultures and urinalyses on 177
      urine specimens from 14 patients with long-term urinary catheters during a 12
      month period. We found high concentrations of greater than or equal to 2 species
      of aerobic bacteria or fungi in most specimens examined. Pyuria was common even
      during asymptomatic periods; hematuria was less common. During symptomatic
      urinary tract infections, neither urinalyses nor quantitative urine cultures
      exhibited changes specific for such infections. Thus neither urinalysis nor urine
      culture appears to be a reliable test for symptomatic urinary tract infections in
      patients with chronic urinary catheters.

PMID- 3850729
TI  - Immunization roulette: influenza occurrence in five nursing homes.
AB  - Immunization with A/Bangkok 1/79 (H3N2) vaccine appeared to be protective for
      immunized nursing home residents during an influenza outbreak in 1983. All
      thirteen deaths during the 4-month period of the study were among residents of
      two of five nursing homes where influenza immunization was low or nonexistent.
      Death certificates included a diagnosis of I-ILI for only six of the 13
      decedents, showing that I-ILI may be greatly underreported as a cause of death,
      and skewing statistical evaluation of the impact of influenza in nursing home
      populations. The cost of protection is only a small fraction of the cost to
      society of caring for seriously ill nursing home residents with I-ILI who must be
      admitted to a hospital.

PMID- 3850730
TI  - Professional ethics for infection control: the changing role of the infection
      control practitioner.

PMID- 3850731
TI  - Immune complexes and complement abnormalities in patients with cystic fibrosis.
      Increased mortality associated with circulating immune complexes and decreased
      function of the alternative complement pathway.
AB  - Serum samples from 139 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) were tested for
      complement abnormalities and circulating immune complexes (CIC). We found no
      consistent changes in whole complement activity. However, we found CIC in 29% of
      these patients and decreased activity of the alternative complement pathway (ACP)
      in 36%. During 5 yr of observation, mortality was much higher in patients whose
      sera contained CIC (p less than 0.001) or decreased ACP activity (p less than
      0.01). Of patients with both abnormalities, 31% died; however, no deaths occurred
      in patients with normal ACP activity and negative tests for CIC (p less than
      0.001). During a subsequent 2.5-yr period, 55% of patients greater than or equal
      to 21 yr old with both findings died. In contrast, no deaths occurred in older
      patients lacking this combination (p = 0.0062). Circulating immune complexes but
      not decreased ACP activity were an independent risk factor for death. Our
      findings support the hypothesis that humoral immune mechanisms may contribute to
      morbidity and mortality in CF.

PMID- 3850732
TI  - Augmentation of elastase-induced emphysema by cigarette smoke. Description of a
      model and a review of possible mechanisms.
AB  - Rats were treated with a single endotracheal dose of purified porcine pancreatic
      elastase (400 IU/kg), exposed to undiluted cigarette smoke from Kentucky 2RI
      reference cigarettes (one 35-ml puff/min for 10 min daily, 5 days per week, for
      12 wk) or with a combination of elastase followed by smoke exposure. A number of
      significant functional abnormalities were observed in the lungs of rats receiving
      elastase; these included reduced spontaneous ventilation, enlarged subdivisions
      of lung volume, loss of elastic recoil, and diminished gas exchange capacity.
      Rats receiving both elastase and cigarette smoke had significantly more severe
      pulmonary dysfunction than did rats treated with elastase alone. Morphometric
      measurements of mean linear intercept demonstrated a loss of alveolar fine
      structure, with enlargement of distal air spaces in elastase-treated rats. These
      changes were significantly more severe in rats treated with both elastase and
      cigarette smoke. Pulmonary function tests and morphometric measurements in sham
      treated rats and in rats exposed to cigarette smoke only were not significantly
      different from those in untreated control animals. It is concluded that elastase
      induced emphysema in rats is enhanced by exposure to whole cigarette smoke.

PMID- 3850733
TI  - Pediatric trauma. Medical aspects.

PMID- 3850734
TI  - Pediatric trauma. Emotional aspects.

PMID- 3850736
TI  - Psychosurgery. Neurosurgical procedures for psychiatric disorders.

PMID- 3850735
TI  - Pediatric trauma units. Nursing's input into development.

PMID- 3850737
TI  - OR personnel functions. Testing of observability.

PMID- 3850738
TI  - Hypnosis and the surgical patient. Effects of positive suggestion.

PMID- 3850739
TI  - Making the new surgeon feel welcome.

PMID- 3850740
TI  - AORN's education programs are accredited by ANA for another four years.

PMID- 3850741
TI  - Home phototherapy for newborn jaundice.

PMID- 3850742
TI  - Infant car safety: the role of perinatal caregivers.

PMID- 3850743
TI  - Protecting intellectual property: copyright for journal authors and conference
      speakers.

PMID- 3850744
TI  - The lactation consultant: a new profession.

PMID- 3850745
TI  - Assessing satisfaction with childbirth.

PMID- 3850746
TI  - Reactions to transfer out of a hospital birth center: a pilot study.

PMID- 3850747
TI  - The birth of a first child: do women's reports change over time?

PMID- 3850748
TI  - Doctors, maternity patients and social scientists.

PMID- 3850749
TI  - Doctors, maternity patients and social scientists go beyond risks and rates in
      obstetric care.

PMID- 3850750
TI  - Nursing research: its importance to the profession and to nursing practice.

PMID- 3850751
TI  - Quantitation of antibody uptake on A group erythrocytes using
      immunoautoradiography and monoclonal IgM anti-A.
AB  - The number of antibody molecules on individual erythrocytes was counted in A1,
      A2, A3 B and A group individuals using immunoautoradiography (IAR) and monoclonal
      IgM anti-A1. Quantitation was also done for A group pregnant women. The number of
      antibody molecules on different red cells of an individual varied widely. Gross
      variations were also noted in cells of different individuals from one and the
      same group. The mean values of the uptake of the number of antibody molecules
      showed the following range A1 greater than A2 greater than Ax greater than A3B.
      When compared to the average for total A1 adults, red cells of pregnant women and
      newborn infants showed a 10.7% and 19.7% reduction respectively, in antibody
      uptake. The mean number of antibody molecules per A1 adult red cells was 5.6 +/-
      3 X 10(4), while A2 had 0.85 +/- 0.35 X 10(4) molecules, thus showing a
      significant quantitative variation.

PMID- 3850752
TI  - Immunoglobulin binding to platelets. The effect of aggregated IgG.
AB  - When fresh platelets were incubated in serum to which heat-aggregated IgG was
      added, the increase of platelet-associated IgG was paralleled by increased levels
      of platelet-associated IgM, IgA and albumin as determined by ELISA. The increase
      was observed regardless of whether the platelets were quantified by conventional
      platelet counting or with the help of 51Cr-labelling, which was done to avoid
      potential counting errors induced by platelet fragmentation. In thrombocytopenic
      patients a correlation between in vivo bound platelet-associated albumin and IgG
      could be confirmed. It was concluded that aggregated IgG induces an increased
      binding of serum immunoglobulins and albumin to platelets in vitro.

PMID- 3850753
TI  - Respiratory distress as primary symptom of relapse in a patient with non-Hodgkin
      lymphoma.
AB  - A report on a 74-year old woman with high-grade malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma in
      clinical remission, who suddenly developed episodes of severe dyspnea and
      wheezing. Clinical and roentgenographic investigations including tomography of
      the trachea failed to demonstrate any lesion. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed
      and endotracheal, polyp-like lymphoma 3 cm above the carina, which was
      immediately operated. Other sites of relapse (submandibular lymph-nodes) were
      found 2 weeks after the operation. Second-line chemotherapy (IMVP 16) was able to
      induce a second remission.

PMID- 3850755
TI  - LAMH: Language Alternative for Mentally Handicapped.

PMID- 3850754
TI  - Long-lasting remission of hairy cell leukemia after eight weeks' therapy with low
      dose alpha-(leucocyte-)interferon.

PMID- 3850756
TI  - Gout is no joke.

PMID- 3850757
TI  - Pastoral health care. 2.

PMID- 3850758
TI  - Why do young people turn to drugs.

PMID- 3850759
TI  - Inability of caliper measurement to enhance observer agreement in the
      interpretation of coronary cineangiograms.
AB  - Important clinical decisions are made on the basis of the interpretation of the
      degree of stenosis in the coronary cineangiogram. Thus, minimization of observer
      variation (both intra and inter) is crucial. The purpose of this investigation
      was to determine if measurement of stenotic lesions by caliper (CM) as compared
      with the usual eyeball method (EM) would reduce observer variation. Five
      observers, using the AHA scoring system, estimated maximal luminal narrowing in
      14 segments on 10 films providing 2 reports on each film by EM and 2 by CM, thus
      making observations on 2800 segments. This allowed analysis of intraobserver
      variation for each reporter for method EM and CM, and for interobserver variation
      by each method. Since chance agreement is an important component in an
      observational study, a correction for this was made using the Kappa statistic.
      The results revealed that the mean Kappa by EM was 0.71 compared to 0.63 by CM (1
      being perfect agreement and 0 no agreement). Agreement was much greater in
      proximal rather than distal segments. Interobserver agreement was consistently
      higher by EM K = 0.62 than CM K = 0.53 (p = 0.0007). A delineation of the types
      of disagreement and their clinical significance are important considerations in
      the evaluation of observer variation. It is concluded that the use of a caliper
      does not enhance either intra or interobserver agreement.

PMID- 3850760
TI  - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: detection by radionuclide
      ventriculography.
AB  - A 35 year old female patient was referred for investigation and treatment of
      recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Cardiac examination and the echocardiogram
      were normal. Equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography demonstrated a reduction
      in right ventricular ejection fraction (rest and exercise) while left ventricular
      ejection fraction was normal. It is proposed that radionuclide ventriculography
      may be the noninvasive study of choice to screen patients for arrhythmogenic
      right ventricular dysplasia. The right ventricular response to exercise may
      provide additional evidence for right ventricular dysfunction based on relative
      changes compared to the left ventricle. The diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right
      ventricular dysplasia may be subsequently confirmed by right ventricular
      angiography or endomyocardial biopsy, both of which are techniques which may not
      be performed during routine cardiac catheterization in the absence of the
      radionuclide ventriculography findings to suggest right ventricular dysfunction.

PMID- 3850761
TI  - Unlocking the mystery of systolic anterior motion: the key is timing.
AB  - Though a generation has elapsed since the recognition of hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy, controversy continues to rage regarding its pathophysiology.
      Central to the controversy is the mechanism and significance of the pressure
      gradient. Systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve, as demonstrated by
      angiography and echocardiography, is accepted as the cause of the pressure
      gradient by some groups but not others. The latter authors suggest that: SAM is
      an incidental effect of vigorous contraction which is itself the cause of the
      pressure gradient and that the pressure gradient does not represent left
      ventricular outflow obstruction. These views are examined in light of recent
      studies that have assessed the temporal and quantitative relationship between SAM
      and the pressure gradient. It is concluded that SAM with early mitral septal
      contact is the cause of the pressure gradient, and represents true left
      ventricular outflow obstruction.

PMID- 3850762
TI  - Effect of myocardial ischemia and type I antiarrhythmic drug therapy on exercise
      QT intervals.
AB  - Direct measurement of the QT interval during exercise is the preferred method to
      assess duration of this interval with changes in heart rate. The influence of
      exercise induced ischemia or type I antiarrhythmic drugs on the exercise QT
      interval has not been well studied. Exercise electrocardiograms and thallium
      scintigraphy were performed in three groups-normals, patients with coronary
      artery disease, and patients taking type I antiarrhythmic drugs. The change in QT
      interval with heart rate increases during exercise was compared among the three
      groups. The QT interval shortened progressively in the normal group. Demonstrable
      myocardial ischemia (positive thallium scan) had no effect on the QT interval.
      Type I antiarrhythmic drugs prolong the QT interval at rest compared to normals,
      but the interval shortened to the same degree as in normals during exercise.
      Thus, normal values can be used to compare QT intervals in patients with coronary
      artery disease. These values do not apply to patients receiving type I
      antiarrhythmic drugs.

PMID- 3850763
TI  - Optimized count-based scintigraphic left ventricular volume measurement.
AB  - Count-based scintigraphic left ventricular end-diastolic (LVED) volume
      measurement was optimized using a reproducible method for determining left
      ventricular counts and an independently measured average apparent tissue
      attenuation coefficient (0.16 cm-1). Tissue depth was calculated by
      triangulation. Results were compared to single-plane contrast ventriculographic
      volumes by an area-length method, performed within one hour, in 18 patients. The
      overall correlation of measurements of LVED volume by the 2 methods was 0.96 with
      standard error of the scintigraphic estimate of 15.8 ml. For 6 patients with
      angiographically normal wall motion, the correlation of volume measurements was
      0.99 with standard error of the estimate of 5.1 ml. The mean absolute difference
      in LVED volume by the 2 methods was 3.8 ml in the group with normal wall motion
      compared to 19.2 ml in the 12 patients with angiographically abnormal wall
      motion. Area-length LVED volume calculation assumes that the left ventricle
      conforms to a standard shape. Discrepancies in volume estimates with abnormal
      ventricular wall motion suggest that the area-length method is less accurate.
      Optimized count-based LVED left ventricular volume measurement is accurate and
      might be preferable to single-plane contrast angiographic volume measurement of
      abnormal ventricles.

PMID- 3850764
TI  - Pharmacokinetics, antiarrhythmic effects, and tissue concentrations of amiodarone
      and desethylamiodarone in dogs with acute coronary artery occlusion.
AB  - A single bolus of 5 or 40 mg/Kg of amiodarone was injected 24 hours after
      inducing coronary artery occlusion in the closed-chest dog preparation. Plasma
      pharmacokinetic profile was determined and the calculated t1/2 beta of 3.5 +/-
      2.8 and 3.2 +/- 0.6 hour after 5 or 40 mg/Kg dose, respectively, were obtained.
      The major metabolite, desethylamiodarone, was detected within 15 minutes of the
      single bolus of amiodarone. At 6 hours after amiodarone administration, the
      animals were killed and tissue concentrations of amiodarone and
      desethylamiodarone were measured. Two additional peaks in the HPLC chromatograms
      were observed in plasma and tissue samples of most dogs given 40 mg/Kg I.V.
      amiodarone and these most likely are due to unidentified metabolites of the drug.
      The highest drug concentration was found in the lungs. Tissue to plasma drug
      rations suggested that accumulation of amiodarone and perhaps desethylamiodarone
      was different for different tissues. Ventricular arrhythmias were not abolished
      by either of the two doses of amiodarone; however, there was a gradual and
      statistically significant decrease in the number of ventricular premature beats
      and ventricular tachycardia beats over the six-hour period after a single 40
      mg/Kg I.V. bolus. At the time of reduction in the arrhythmia frequency, tissue
      levels of both amiodarone and desethylamiodarone in the border and infarct zone
      of the myocardium were approximately 50% as high as in the normal zone. Plasma
      drug levels did not correlate well with tissue concentrations. However, there was
      an excellent correlation between drug levels in WBCs and various tissues except
      the lung. It is concluded that amiodarone is rapidly metabolized into
      desethylamiodarone and at least two other unidentified compounds; a large dose of
      amiodarone is necessary to produce some decrease in ventricular arrhythmias
      associated with acute coronary artery occlusion; tissue concentrations may be
      better correlated with drug levels in WBCs than in plasma, and coronary artery
      occlusion does not affect acute pharmacokinetic profile of the drug.

PMID- 3850765
TI  - Prostaglandins and heart disease.
AB  - The role of prostaglandins (PGs) in cardiac pathophysiology has been reviewed
      with special emphasis on clinically applied aspects. Several PGs are synthesized
      and released by the heart and coronary vessels. Their synthesis is altered by
      various factors such as physical manipulation of tissue, pharmacological
      treatments and pathological conditions such as myocardial over-reactivity and
      ischemia. The involvement of PGs in cardiac dysfunction remains controversial,
      although it has been proposed that various PGs such as PGI2 or PGB2 may play a
      role in disaggregating platelets, inhibiting thrombus progression and coronary
      vasodilatation. The balance between thromboxane A2 (TXA2), a proaggregatory agent
      released from platelets and PGI2 may have a role in the genesis and management of
      angina and myocardial infarction. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
      agents in these conditions remains controversial; their possible beneficial
      effects are believed to be due to inhibition of TXA2 synthesis whereas their
      failure to be effective may be a consequence of concomitant inhibition of PGI2
      production. Modulation of endogenous PG synthesis and administration of exogenous
      PGs or their analogues appear to be two therapeutic approaches in the management
      of certain cardiac diseases. Accordingly, there is a great need for synthesizing
      stable and potent PG analogues as well as specific inhibitors of PG synthesis in
      addition to studying their pharmacology and therapeutics. In this review we have
      emphasized the involvement of PGs in the pathogenesis of some forms of cardiac
      disease and have highlighted some therapeutic implications of these substances
      for the treatment of heart disease.

PMID- 3850766
TI  - Effect of chronic prazosin treatment on the cardiac function and electrolytes in
      failing heart due to chronic mitral insufficiency.
AB  - The effect of three months of prazosin treatment on the hemodynamics, cardiac
      extracellular space; plasma, tissue and intra-cellular Na+, K+, and Ca++ were
      investigated in dogs with left ventricular failure due to chronic mitral
      insufficiency. Mitral insufficiency of 6 months duration significantly decreased
      the LV systolic pressure, LV dp/dt, LV (dp/dt)/IIP, LVWI, CI, and increased the
      LVEDP, mean right atrial pressure, heart rate and systemic vascular resistance.
      Associated with these hemodynamic changes were an increase in the extra-cellular
      space, tissue and intracellular K+; and a decrease in the tissue and
      intracellular Ca++. Prazosin treatment produced an improvement in the
      hemodynamics which was associated with a decreased in the extracellular space,
      and intracellular K+, and an increase in the intracellular Ca++. Plasma Na+ and
      Ca++ increased with 6 months of M.I. Prazosin treatment brought back the plasma
      Na+ and K+ to control level. However, plasma Ca+ decreased significantly with
      prazosin treatment. The changes in right ventricular hemodynamics and
      electrolytes were not consistent with the right ventricular failure. These
      results indicate that decrease in the myocardial contractility in chronic heart
      failure due to mitral insufficiency might be due to a decrease in the
      intracellular Ca++. Prazosin treatment was able to reverse the hemodynamic and
      electrolyte changes induced by failing heart due to mitral insufficiency.

PMID- 3850767
TI  - Calcium paradox in the neonatal heart.
AB  - The age-dependent effect of a calcium-free medium on myocardial mechanical
      function, high energy phosphates (HEP), as well as HEP and creatine phosphokinase
      (CPK) release was studied in the arterially perfused rabbit heart. The effect in
      the newborn was significantly less than in the adult with the transition
      occurring between two and five weeks of age. Thirty minutes of Ca2+ depletion had
      no significant effect on tissue high energy phosphate, creatine phosphokinase
      (CPK) release and creatine release. During Ca2+ repletion, the recovery in
      developed tension (DT) and +dT/dt (max) in the newborn was significantly greater
      than in the adult. The increase in resting tension in the newborn was
      significantly less in the newborn than in the adult. A significant decrease in
      tissue adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and CP was observed after Ca repletion
      following 5 minute Ca depletion in the adult and only after 30 minutes depletion
      in the newborn. Significant increases in CPK, creatine, and adenine nucleotide
      release were observed during Ca2+ repletion and the amounts released in the adult
      were significantly greater than in the newborn. There was a significant
      correlation between the percent recovery of +dT/dt (max) and tissue ATP content
      in both age groups. In addition, there was an inverse correlation between the
      recovery of +dT/dt (max) and log CPK release. These data indicate that the Ca2+
      paradox effect is minimal in the newborn rabbit and becomes similar to that of
      the adult at five weeks of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3850768
TI  - Adrenochrome uptake and subcellular distribution in the isolated perfused rat
      heart.
AB  - Adrenochrome uptake and its subcellular distribution were examined using isolated
      perfused rat heart preparation. The heart was perfused for 30 min with a medium
      containing 1 to 50 mg/l of 14C-adrenochrome and the subcellular fractions were
      isolated to measure their radioactivities. A decline in contractile force, a rise
      in resting tension and an increase in adrenochrome uptake by the heart were seen
      to depend upon the time of perfusion and the concentration of adrenochrome in the
      medium. The sarcolemmal fraction had the highest uptake of adrenochrome and this
      was followed by the microsomal fraction; some accumulation of adrenochrome was
      also observed in the myofibrillar and mitochondrial fractions. Either 10 or 20
      min reperfusion of the heart previously exposed to 25 mg/l of adrenochrome,
      resulted in approximately 50 or 37% of the radioactivity remaining in the heart;
      this indicates irreversible binding of adrenochrome to the tissue. Reperfusion of
      the heart showed restoration of the resting tension but the contractile force did
      not show any recovery. Propranolol and iproniazid, which have been shown to
      inhibit the adrenochrome induced cardiotoxicity, reduced adrenochrome uptake by
      the heart, and prevented adrenochrome-induced depression in contractile force and
      rise in resting tension. These results indicate that adrenochrome is taken up by
      the heart and induces cardiac disturbances through its action on different
      subcellular organelles in the myocardium.

PMID- 3850769
TI  - Oxygen consumption and tissue Ca2+ uptake during reoxygenation after hypoxia in
      the rabbit.
AB  - The relationship between tissue Ca uptake and myocardial oxygen consumption
      during reoxygenation after 20, 40, and 60 min hypoxia was studied in the isolated
      arterially perfused rabbit septum. During reoxygenation after 40 and 60 min of
      hypoxia, tissue 47Ca2+ uptake increased significantly, and myocardial oxygen
      consumption (MVO2) (approximately 125% of control) was significantly greater than
      the prehypoxic value. Recovery of myocardial ATP content and mechanical function
      after 40 and 60 min of hypoxia was minimal, and it was inversely related to net
      increases in tissue Ca2+ uptake. In muscles perfused with Tris buffer, tissue
      Ca2+ gain during reoxygenation was significantly less and recovery of tissue ATP
      was significantly greater than in muscles perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer.
      MVO2 was not enhanced during reoxygenation after 40 min of hypoxia in muscles
      perfused with Tris buffer. These data suggest that tissue Ca2+ gain during
      reoxygenation utilizes energy from mitochondrial electron transport or from ATP
      hydrolysis causing increased MVO2 and depression in total adenine nucleotides and
      mechanical function.

PMID- 3850770
TI  - Management of cardioinhibitory hypersensitive carotid sinus syncope with
      permanent cardiac pacing--a seventeen year prospective study.
AB  - Sudden and unannounced syncope due to increased vagal tone as manifested by
      hypersensitivity of the carotid sinus mechanism is not uncommon. A 17 year
      prospective study of 89 patients with cardio-inhibitory (Type 1) hypersensitivity
      showed that males outnumbered females 4.5:1. The age range at the onset of
      symptoms was 37 to 88 years with an average of 63 years. Hypersensitivity of the
      right carotid sinus was 7:1 compared to the left. These patients had unilateral
      hypersensitivity in 71% and bilateral in 29%. A new classification of
      Hypersensitive Carotid Sinus Syncope incorporating sinoatrial node (Type 1A) and
      atriaoventricular node (Type 1B) suppression in the Type 1 syndrome is presented.
      Many forms of treatment for cardioinhibitory Hypersensitive Carotid Sinus Syncope
      have been forthcoming but in our hands in these 89 patients over 17 years, there
      has been no single case of recurrence of syncope after implantation of a
      permanent VVI electronic cardiac pacemaker. Type 2 (vasodepressor) Hypersensitive
      Carotid Sinus Syncope is rare, occasionally seen combined with the
      cardioinhibitory (Type 1) response and it is not helped with cardiac pacing.

PMID- 3850771
TI  - Localization of coronary artery disease with exercise induced ST segment
      depression: coronary angiographic correlation.
AB  - Abnormalities of the 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG) are often used to localize
      the anatomic site of myocardial ischemia and vessel involvement in patients (pts)
      with coronary artery disease. This study is to determine if ischemia of specific
      vascular segments can be identified by exercise induced ST segment depression
      (STD) on 12-lead ECG. One hundred and forty three pts with a positive treadmill
      stress testing (TST) who had coronary arteriography within one month of TST were
      reviewed. There were 114 men and 29 women, aged 34-74 years (mean 55 years). The
      Bruce protocol was used for TST. Significant coronary stenosis was defined as
      obstruction of 70% or greater of the luminal diameter. The pattern of STD on 12
      lead ECG during exercise was similar in pts with single vessel disease involving
      the left anterior descending artery (LAD), right coronary artery (RCA) or
      circumflex artery (Cx). This pattern of STD in single vessel disease was also
      comparable to 2-vessel, 3-vessel or left main stem disease. Twenty-two percent of
      pts with LAD disease had isolated STD in inferior leads. Twenty-five and 29% of
      pts with RCA and Cx disease respectively had STD in the anterior leads alone
      during exercise testing. It is concluded that exercise induced STD in 12 lead ECG
      can not predict ischemia of specific vascular segments or specific vessel
      involvement.

PMID- 3850772
TI  - Non-invasive assessment of the Ionescu-Shiley pericardial xenograft heart valve.
AB  - This study was undertaken to describe the auscultatory, phonocardiographic, M
      mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic features of the Ionescu-Shiley
      prosthesis in a group of unselected subjects. Twenty-seven valves were studied -
      15 aortic, 10 mitral and 2 tricuspid. An opening sound was noted by
      phonocardiography and auscultation from the majority of valves in the three
      positions. A mid-systolic murmur was heard from 14 aortic valves and two had
      regurgitant murmurs. Three mitral valves had apical diastolic murmurs and two of
      these had mitral regurgitation. Two-dimensional echocardiography provided
      important spatial information but M-mode allowed superior resolution of valve
      leaflets. Calcification was seen in one four year old aortic valve and dehiscence
      of the sewing ring in another leading to severe aortic regurgitation. These data
      indicate that an opening sound is a frequent normal feature of an Ionescu-Shiley
      prosthetic valve and a mid systolic murmur is normal for aortic valves. In the
      three valve positions, the normal M-mode pattern resembles a native aortic valve.
      Abnormal features which can be recognized include calcification of valve cusps
      and dehiscence of the sewing ring.

PMID- 3850773
TI  - Pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The use of insulin by diabetics has largely removed the threat of death from
      ketotic coma but cardiovascular dysfunction remains a major cause of death in
      patients with diabetes. Recent research has indicated a generalized membrane
      defect, which may cause abnormalities of calcium metabolism in nerves, cardiac
      and smooth muscle as well as endothelial cells and thus may lead respectively to
      the development of neuropathy, primary cardiomyopathy, microangiopathy and
      atherosclerosis in the diabetic population. Each of these pathogenic processes,
      which are associated with insulin deficiency, alone or in combination with
      others, may result in cardiac dysfunction in chronic diabetes. Activation of the
      sympathetic nervous system and abnormalities in catecholamine metabolism have
      been identified in diabetes; their involvement in the genesis of cardiac pump
      failure as well as large and small vessel disease is likely. The membrane defects
      as indicated by changes in both plasma membrane and glycocalyx in diabetic
      cardiomyopathy appear to be complex and may involve alterations in the metabolism
      of lipids and pyrimidine nucleotides. It seems that intracellular calcium
      overload is intimately involved in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy;
      however, a concentrated research effort is required to understand the primary
      biochemical lesion in the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction in diabetes. In the
      meantime, a heightened awareness on the part of clinicians concerning the
      susceptibility of diabetic patients to cardiovascular problems may help in
      reducing mortality and morbidity in the diabetic population.

PMID- 3850774
TI  - Myocardial ischemic injury induced by isoproterenol in the rabbit: biochemical
      and chemical alterations.
AB  - The development of a model of chronic myocardial ischemic injury (MII) in rabbits
      by administering increasing doses of isoproterenol (ISO) is described. Repeated
      s.c. injections of increasing doses of ISO (0.5 mg/kg, on day 1 to 15.5 mg/kg, on
      day 15) resulted in an increase in serum glucose, free fatty acids and creatine
      phosphokinase. Examination of hearts from ISO-treated rabbits revealed marked
      hypertrophy of the left ventricle and an increase in total water content.
      Biochemical analysis showed an increase in left ventricular hydroxyproline and a
      decrease in ATP and glycogen content following ISO-treatment. Ion measurements
      revealed extensive accumulation of Na and Ca, with the Ca being preferentially
      accumulated in the mitochondria. Measurement of subcellular organelle marker
      enzymes showed decreases in the sarcolemmal Na+-K+-stimulated (ouabain
      sensitive), mitochondrial (azide-sensitive) and sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase
      activities in the ISO-treated animals. Analysis of lysosomal enzyme activities in
      myocardial homogenates showed significant decreases in the latency of N-acetyl
      beta-glucosaminidase and cathepsin D. The above biochemical alterations in ISO
      induced MII generally parallel changes previously seen in the rabbit following
      acute coronary artery ligation. The present model allows the study of MII
      uncomplicated by some uncertainties arising from the surgical or anesthetic
      procedures employed in acute "open-chest" preparations and would permit long-term
      follow-up studies of pharmacological interventions. The susceptibility of the
      rabbit to experimental atherosclerosis should allow the development of an
      experimental model of MII which more closely approximates the clinical situation.

PMID- 3850775
TI  - Alterations in the cardiac adenylate cyclase activity in hypothyroid rat.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase activity of the washed particles from the ventricles of rats
      made hypothyroid by propylthiouracil (P.T.U.) treatment was studied in the
      absence or presence of different concentrations of catecholamines, guanylimido
      diphosphate (GppNHp) and NaF. The washed particles preparation of hypothyroid rat
      displayed higher basal adenylate cyclase activity in comparison to that in the
      euthyroid animal. Fluoride stimulation was unaltered but GppNHp stimulation was
      markedly depressed over a wide range of concentrations in the hypothyroid heart
      washed particles. Epinephrine stimulation in the presence of GppNHp was altered
      only at 10(-5) to 10(-4)M concentrations. Depressed responsiveness of cardiac
      adenylate cyclase to GppNHp and epinephrine was also found in washed particles of
      thyroidectomized rats. Depression of GppNHp or epinephrine response in
      hypothyroid animals was reversed 48 hours after T3 administration. In contrast to
      the washed particulate preparation, no depressions in the responses of adenylate
      cyclase to GppNHp or epinephrine were seen in the purified sarcolemmal membranes
      from P.T.U. induced hypothyroid or thyroidectomized rat hearts. It is proposed
      that altered guanine nucleotide binding or altered guanine nucleotide binding
      protein-catalytic subunit interaction in the adenylate cyclase system may be an
      underlying mechanism of depressed positive inotropic action of catecholamines in
      the hypothyroid state.

PMID- 3850776
TI  - Working with radiation: reducing the risks.

PMID- 3850777
TI  - Radiotherapy nurse: developing a new role.

PMID- 3850779
TI  - Senior nurse managers: a force to be reckoned with.

PMID- 3850778
TI  - Depression is a feminist issue.

PMID- 3850780
TI  - CO2 laser surgery in cutaneous medicine.

PMID- 3850781
TI  - Paget's disease of bone.

PMID- 3850782
TI  - Family birthing: what a difference a shift makes!

PMID- 3850784
TI  - Nursing faculty exchange.

PMID- 3850783
TI  - Alternate methods of chemotherapy administration.

PMID- 3850785
TI  - Disaffiliation of the OIIQ.

PMID- 3850786
TI  - The clinical uses of monoclonal antibodies in cancer research.

PMID- 3850787
TI  - Attitudes of patients living in Taiwan about cancer and its treatment.

PMID- 3850788
TI  - Day gynecologic chemotherapy unit: an innovative approach to changing health care
      systems.

PMID- 3850789
TI  - Early detection to avert the crisis of superior vena cava syndrome.

PMID- 3850790
TI  - Physical and psychological effects of DES on exposed offspring.

PMID- 3850791
TI  - "I've seen cancer from both sides now": an oncology clinical nurse specialist
      shares her own cancer experience.

PMID- 3850792
TI  - 'Yes' to increased RN responsibility.

PMID- 3850793
TI  - Nursing plus the law: a professional combination.

PMID- 3850794
TI  - Psychiatric nurse training: more than chalk and talk.

PMID- 3850795
TI  - District nursing: defining a role.

PMID- 3850796
TI  - Welfare benefits: the bed test.

PMID- 3850797
TI  - Don't let your hair down.

PMID- 3850798
TI  - Have catheter, will travel.

PMID- 3850799
TI  - Conference preview: politics in its place.

PMID- 3850801
TI  - Immunisation: disadvantaged children.

PMID- 3850800
TI  - Nutrition: below the breadline.

PMID- 3850802
TI  - School nursing: in a class of their own?

PMID- 3850803
TI  - Postnatal depression: talking it out.

PMID- 3850804
TI  - [Transportation of patients using an elevating and transferring stretcher and a
      moving bed].

PMID- 3850805
TI  - [Costs, a question of survival].

PMID- 3850806
TI  - [Clinical Hospital for Porto Alegre].

PMID- 3850807
TI  - [Prevention of decubitus ulcer with a chemical solution].

PMID- 3850808
TI  - [Study of the level of contamination of the environmental air with ethylene
      oxide. II].

PMID- 3850809
TI  - Sepsis score and complement factor B for monitoring severely septic surgical
      patients and for predicting their survival.
AB  - Sepsis score and complement factor B (FB) have been measured in 66 severely
      septic surgical patients in the intensive care unit, with the aim of monitoring
      their clinical course and predicting their outcome. Sepsis score correlated well
      with clinical course. 82% of patients with initial sepsis score less than 20
      progressively improved and survived. Only 6% of patients with sepsis score
      greater than or equal to 20 survived. FB plasma level was significantly higher (p
      less than 0.01) in patients who subsequently survived. Two indices were
      identified which could predict patient outcome several days in advance with 100%
      accuracy: (1) the index of survival from sepsis defined as the combination of
      sepsis score less than 20 and FB greater than or equal to 45 mg/dl, and (2) the
      index of death from sepsis defined as sepsis score greater than or equal to 20
      and FB less than 40 mg/dl.

PMID- 3850810
TI  - Penicillin-binding proteins of beta-lactam-resistant strains of Staphylococcus
      aureus. Effect of growth conditions.
AB  - Methicillin-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus are
      intrinsically resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics in that the resistance
      mechanism is unrelated to the possession of beta-lactamases. We have demonstrated
      that a new, high-molecular-mass penicillin-binding protein (PBP) is present in
      these strains with a low affinity for beta-lactams and that its amount is
      regulated by the growth conditions. The new PBP from all strains that have been
      examined has an identical mobility on SDS gel electrophoresis and is the only PBP
      still present in an uncomplexed state with beta-lactams (and therefore the only
      functional PBP when these strains are grown in media containing concentrations of
      beta-lactam antibiotics sufficient to kill sensitive strains.

PMID- 3850812
TI  - [Conservative treatment methods in chronic suppurative otitis media].

PMID- 3850811
TI  - [Multiple pregnancy].

PMID- 3850813
TI  - [Publishing activity of the World Health Organization in connection with the
      Program for Maternal and Child Protection].

PMID- 3850814
TI  - [The fetus and drugs].

PMID- 3850815
TI  - [Organization of drug addiction care].

PMID- 3850816
TI  - [Method of measuring arterial pressure].

PMID- 3850817
TI  - [Experience in using the history of regional surgery in a course teaching
      surgical diseases].

PMID- 3850818
TI  - [Incipient spontaneous abortion].

PMID- 3850819
TI  - [Acute diffuse glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 3850820
TI  - [Genital infantilism and algomenorrhea].

PMID- 3850821
TI  - [Behavioral disorders in children and adolescents with residual organic brain
      lesions].

PMID- 3850822
TI  - [Use and estimation of the quality indices in preventing infectious diseases].

PMID- 3850823
TI  - [Abrogation of a labor agreement at the request of a trade union organ].

PMID- 3850824
TI  - [Cancer of the cervix uteri].

PMID- 3850825
TI  - My role as a retired R.N. in a retirement village.

PMID- 3850826
TI  - Introducing students to gerontological nursing.

PMID- 3850827
TI  - [Public health and the sale of alcohol].

PMID- 3850828
TI  - [Cancer kills more people in the last 20 years in developing countries. Lung
      cancer: 116% more in men, 200% more in women].

PMID- 3850829
TI  - [AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

PMID- 3850830
TI  - [Role and function of the nurse in the operating room].

PMID- 3850831
TI  - [Nursing care planning model: elaboration and application].

PMID- 3850832
TI  - Exercise is for everyone.

PMID- 3850834
TI  - Elderly diabetics and urine testing.

PMID- 3850833
TI  - The effects of age on pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 3850835
TI  - Nursing foot clinics fulfill a great need.

PMID- 3850836
TI  - Wanted: innovative nurses for long-term care.

PMID- 3850837
TI  - Nutrition. How to find reliable information.

PMID- 3850838
TI  - Can osteoporosis be treated?

PMID- 3850839
TI  - 70+ and going strong. A Hopi pioneer in nursing. Interview by Eileen M. Sullivan.

PMID- 3850841
TI  - A community health nursing career: but I want to be where the action is!

PMID- 3850840
TI  - Student nurses and legal accountabilities.

PMID- 3850842
TI  - Nurses as decision makers: ethical dimensions.

PMID- 3850843
TI  - Patient advocacy, ethical dilemmas and decision making: the importance of
      autonomy.

PMID- 3850844
TI  - Acknowledging the need for ethics in the nursing curriculum.

PMID- 3850845
TI  - An international experience.

PMID- 3850846
TI  - Haplotype study on C4 polymorphism in Japanese. Associations with MHC alleles,
      complotypes, and HLA-complement haplotypes.
AB  - Genetic polymorphism of the fourth component of human complement (C4) was
      investigated in 83 Japanese families which have been typed for HLA-A,-B,-C,-DR,
      C2, and BF. Four common C4A alleles and four common C4B alleles were observed.
      The allele frequencies estimated from unrelated parents were as follows: C4A3,
      0.686; A4, 0.132; A2, 0.106; AQ0, 0.067; ARares, 0.009; C4B1, 0.587; B2, 0.167;
      B5, 0.088; and BQ0, 0.158. Eight different C4 haplotypes were observed with
      frequencies of more than 0.01. The estimated haplotype frequencies were as
      follows: C4A3-B1, 0.513; A4-B2, 0.114; A2-BQ0, 0.106; A3-B5, 0.088; AQ0-B1,
      0.059; A3-BQ0, 0.047; A3-B2, 0.038; A4-B1, 0.015; and Rares, 0.021. Strong
      positive gametic associations were found in the following C4-HLA haplotypes:
      C4A2BQ0-A24, C4A2BQ0-Bw52, C4A3B5-Bw54, C4A3B5-Bw59, C4A4B2-Bw46, C4A3B5-Cw1,
      C4A2BQ0-DR2, and C4A3B5-DR4. Eleven complotypes were observed with frequencies of
      more than 0.01. C4A2BQ0 and C4A3B5 were exclusively associated with BFS-C2C. BFF
      was associated with C4A3B1. C2AT, C2B, and C2BH were associated with C4A3B1,
      A4B2, and C4A3B1, respectively. Eight different HLA-complement haplotypes were
      found to be characteristic of Japanese. These combinations are considerably
      different from those reported in Caucasoid populations.

PMID- 3850847
TI  - Intestinal absorption of labelled triiodothyronine in man.

PMID- 3850848
TI  - Effect of vegetable banana powder on changes induced by ulcerogenic agents in
      dissolved mucosubstances of gastric juice.

PMID- 3850849
TI  - Alterations in plasma and CSF levels of GABA, 5-HT and amino acids in fulminant
      hepatic failure.

PMID- 3850850
TI  - Free perforation of tuberculous ulcers of the small bowel.

PMID- 3850851
TI  - Primary biliary cirrhosis: a case report.

PMID- 3850852
TI  - Low protein content or ascitic fluid--a pitfall in the diagnosis of abdominal
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 3850853
TI  - "By-pass arthritis" associated with a gastro-jejuno-colic fistula.

PMID- 3850855
TI  - Bactericidal activity of cefotaxime and fosfomycin in cerebrospinal fluid during
      the treatment of rabbit meningitis experimentally induced by methicillin
      resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of cefotaxime
      (CTX) and fosfomycin (FOS), alone or in combination, in an experimental
      meningitis, with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the two antibiotics
      reproducing those obtained in human CSF during bacterial meningitis. With a dose
      of 50 mg/kg of CTX and 100 mg/kg of FOS injected i.v. (CTX over 0.5 h and FOS
      over 3 h), CSF concentrations were comparable to those observed in man. In a
      series of five rabbits per treatment group, the bacterial population was counted
      before and after treatment (two doses with a six-hour interval) with CTX, FOS or
      CTX + FOS (CTX over 0.5 h before the end of FOS infusion). By the 12th hour of
      treatment, the percentage of bacteria surviving in CSF compared to the initial
      population was 4.35% for CTX, 0.20% for FOS and 0.19% for CTX + FOS. Thus, it
      seemed that CTX + FOS was not more active than FOS alone. In another series of
      four rabbits per group, the bactericidal effect was followed at T0, T6, T12, T24
      and T48 after treatment (two doses with a six-hour with a six-hour interval).
      With CTX, a variable drop in bacterial count from one rabbit to the other
      occurred during the first 12 h, and then a bacteriostasis followed. With FOS, a
      quick bactericidal effect was observed during the first 12 h, becoming slower
      during the following 36 h (0.03% of bacteria surviving at the 48th hour). With
      CTX and FOS in combination, a quick bactericidal effect was achieved, remaining
      steady over a 48-hour period (0.001% of bacteria surviving at the 48th hour).

PMID- 3850854
TI  - Cefotaxime in combination with other antibiotics for the treatment of severe
      methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections.
AB  - Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (M-R staphylococci) represent 30% of the
      staphylococcal strains isolated in our hospital and pose important therapeutic
      problems. In a preliminary in vitro checkerboard study the bactericidal effect of
      various cephalosporins (cephalothin, cefamandole, cefotaxime and cefoperazone) in
      combination with other antibiotics (netilmicin, amikacin, vancomycin and
      fosfomycin) was studied on ten M-R staphylococcal strains. The combinations of
      cefoperazone with amikacin, cephalothin with vancomycin and of the four
      cephalosporins with fosfomycin were synergistic on the ten strains (FBC indexes
      less than or equal to 0.75). According to the CSF and bone levels achieved by
      these antibiotics and their bactericidal concentrations in combination, the
      combination of cefotaxime and fosfomycin was the most interesting, a
      concentration of less than or equal to 2 mg/l cefotaxime being bactericidal on
      five homogeneous M-R Staphylococcus aureus when combined with 4 mg/l of
      fosfomycin. This combination of cefotaxime (25 mg/kg, i.v. infusion over 30 min)
      and fosfomycin (50 mg/kg, i.v. infusion over three hours) three to four times
      daily was used to treat 16 patients: three patients with meningitis, six with
      bone and joint infections and seven with persistent bacteremia. The FBC indexes
      were less than or equal to 0.625 for the 12 strains studied. All the patients
      were cured without relapses. The concentrations of cefotaxime, desacetyl
      cefotaxime and fosfomycin in the CSF during meningitis three hours after the end
      of the infusion on the second day of treatment were 8.76, 6.82 and 58.0 mg/l,
      respectively, for patient one and 2.0, 0.53 and 31.0 mg/l, respectively, for
      patient two.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3850857
TI  - Alternative to i.v. filter usage.

PMID- 3850856
TI  - Adult respiratory distress-like syndrome during hemodialysis: relationship
      between activation of complement, leukopenia, and release of granulocyte
      elastase.
AB  - Twelve patients with terminal uremia (8 females and 4 males) treated with chronic
      maintenance hemodialysis, were extensively studied during two successive dialyses
      with alternate use of either a Cuprophan (CP) based membrane, or a Polycarbonate
      (PC) membrane. Arterial plasma levels of total hemolytic complement, complement
      factors C3d and C5a, and granulocyte derived elastase were determined immediately
      before dialysis and sequentially during the entire procedure. Effluent line from
      the hemodialyzer was similarly sampled. Collected samples were centrifuged
      immediately at the bedside and instantly frozen in liquid nitrogen in order to
      preserve labile plasma components of complement. Analysis of the overall results
      shows that initial arterial leukopenia and generation of C5a in the hemodialyzer,
      as well as maximal values of hemodialysis-induced free plasma C3d and granulocyte
      elastase are related. Reflecting differences in biocompatibility, CP membranes
      were shown to induce significantly more leukopenia, increase in plasma free C3d,
      generation of C5a, and release of granulocyte-derived elastase. These results
      indicate that activation of complement, leukopenia, and release of granulocyte
      derived elastase are interlinked pathophysiological mechanisms of importance for
      acute deterioration of pulmonary function during hemodialysis, and that this
      condition is closely related to adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

PMID- 3850858
TI  - The control of infection in general surgery: a four-year prospective study in
      Brazil.
AB  - On January 1, 1977 a prospective study of the control of infection was initiated
      in the Division of General Surgery of the Federal University of Pernambuco and
      continues to the present day. The results of the first four years of this study
      are assessed in this paper. In the period from January 1, 1977 to December 31,
      1980 1,636 patients were submitted to surgery, whose operations were classified
      as clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated and dirty. The number of infections
      was studied in relation to the type of operation. Other parameters studied
      included etiology, bacterial sensitivity, infection related to the six surgical
      groups functioning in the division and to the indication for elective or
      emergency surgery, respiratory infection, respiratory infection related to the
      anesthetist who administered the general anesthesia and wound infection in
      relation to the surgeon who performed the operation. The overall mortality was
      2.64% and the percentage of necropsies carried out was 72%. Among the fatalities,
      sepsis was the predominant cause of death, accounting for 41% of the cases. The
      authors conclude that the control of infection is fundamental to the education of
      the medical and paramedical community and is to be regarded as a quality control
      of the service provided by the division of surgery. It should also be extended to
      the outpatient department and be accompanied by necropsy on the majority of the
      patients who fail to survive the operation.

PMID- 3850859
TI  - A randomized study comparing a transparent polyurethane dressing to a dry gauze
      dressing for peripheral intravenous catheter sites.
AB  - We studied rates of peripheral intravenous (IV) catheter tip and insertion site
      colonization after randomly assigning patients to transparent polyurethane (TP)
      dressings (N = 316) or dry gauze (DG) dressings (N = 421). The study was
      conducted during both summer and fall seasons, in a facility which lacked air
      conditioning. All patients had a teflon plastic catheter inserted, maintained and
      cultured by a member of the IV therapy team; no antibiotic or antiseptic
      ointments were used. Colonization rates were higher in the summer than in the
      fall for both catheter tips (9.0% vs 3.5%, p = 0.005) and sites (21.6% vs 7.0%, p
      = 0.001). During the summer season, the rate of catheter tip colonization with TP
      dressings was nearly twice that of DG dressings (12.4% vs 6.8%, p = 0.04).
      Logistic regression analysis indicated that catheter tip colonization was
      associated with the summer season (odds ratio = 3.0, 95% CI 1.4-6.2) and TP
      dressings (odds ratio = 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.2), and that site colonization was
      associated with both summer (odds ratio = 4.0, 95% CI 2.2-7.1) and receipt of
      antibiotics (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.2). Coagulase-negative staphylococci
      were isolated from 55.5% of the colonized catheter tips and insertion sites. The
      data suggest that bacterial colonization of peripheral IV catheters is increased
      in summer, and that use of TP dressings may increase both tip colonization and
      cost nearly twofold.

PMID- 3850860
TI  - Nosocomial rubella--consequences of an outbreak and efficacy of a mandatory
      immunization program.
AB  - An outbreak of rubella in a large metropolitan hospital is described. Nineteen
      cases among employees and three secondary cases in family members occurred.
      Nosocomial cases occurred among the 3,900 employees of an adult medical-surgical
      unit where a voluntary program of rubella immunization was in effect. No cases
      occurred among the 1,400 employees of the women's and pediatric units with
      mandatory policies, despite interfacility and community exposure. Ten pregnant
      women were among the 377 contacts of the cases. Five were sero-negative to
      rubella. Two who developed clinical rubella, one asymptomatic sero-conversion and
      one other, all elected to terminate their pregnancies. The remaining woman,
      exposed in her third trimester delivered a normal infant. We conclude a policy
      requiring new employees to be rubella immune is more effective in preventing
      nosocomial rubella than a voluntary program and is desirable in view of the
      potential consequences of an outbreak to pregnant employees.

PMID- 3850861
TI  - Ethical problems in rationing medical care.

PMID- 3850863
TI  - Selecting an i.v. tubing system.

PMID- 3850862
TI  - Francisella tularensis.
AB  - Francisella tularensis is an infection acquired from animals. Although the
      pathogen is not a cause of nosocomial infections, it is a major hazard to workers
      in the clinical microbiology laboratory and could easily become a problem for the
      infection control officer in this setting. The organism can be cultured from many
      sites but is difficult to recover unless the appropriate media are used. A number
      of clinical syndromes are caused by this pathogen. Most are characterized by an
      ulceration and regional lymphadenopathy. Typhoidal tularemia, however, can
      present as an obscure fever often complicated by pneumonia. The therapy of choice
      for tularemia is streptomycin although gentamicin and tobramycin are reasonable
      alternatives.

PMID- 3850864
TI  - 'Justice'.

PMID- 3850865
TI  - Keynote address.

PMID- 3850866
TI  - Women's councils.

PMID- 3850867
TI  - Return to Aswan: theory into practice.

PMID- 3850868
TI  - Nursing within the Soviet health care system.

PMID- 3850869
TI  - Conflicts arising from being a health professional in a management role.

PMID- 3850870
TI  - Caring for the health of young children. 2. Keeping children healthy.

PMID- 3850871
TI  - Computers in health visiting.

PMID- 3850872
TI  - Part of your education.

PMID- 3850873
TI  - Thoughts on the sudden death of Simon.

PMID- 3850874
TI  - Common modules within health visitor and district nurse courses in Scotland.

PMID- 3850875
TI  - Withdrawn, nonverbal, unresponsive? Why not give pet therapy a try?

PMID- 3850876
TI  - The use of temporary atrial wire electrodes to record atrial electrograms in
      patients who had cardiac surgery.
AB  - The use of temporary atrial electrodes after surgery provides the medical staff
      with a valuable diagnostic tool in patients who have undergone open heart
      surgery. Recording a unipolar or bipolar atrial EG is a simple procedure that can
      be performed at bedside with an ECG machine. The bipolar recording lead has
      specific advantages over a unipolar recording lead. The use of a bipolar
      recording lead simplifies the identification of the P wave during rapid
      tachycardias and atrioventricular dissociation. The use of unipolar and bipolar
      atrial EGs recorded simultaneously and sequentially can be used to identify
      atrial rhythm and ascertain the atrioventricular relationship. Nurses need to
      integrate unipolar and bipolar EGs as part of their baseline assessment.

PMID- 3850877
TI  - Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of recovery room bleeding/hemorrhage.
AB  - A successful outcome for the patient who hemorrhages after surgery is based on
      the recognition of bleeding, the specific diagnosis of bleeding sites and
      disorders, and the management of bleeding by control measures and replacement of
      blood lost (Table III). The best preventative measures include careful
      preoperative assessment of historical and physical findings along with
      appropriate laboratory tests.

PMID- 3850878
TI  - Nursing implications in the care of the chronic hemodialysis patient in the
      critical care setting.

PMID- 3850879
TI  - The effect of an advanced cardiac life support course on advanced cardiac life
      support ability.
AB  - Thousands of health care providers spend time, money, and energy each year taking
      the AHA-sponsored ACLS courses, and ACLS-certified health care providers are
      frequently given greater job responsibility than other health care providers in
      the same setting. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an
      ACLS course on the ability of health care providers to perform ACLS in a
      simulated situation. A nonequivalent control group design was used. The sample
      consisted of 76 health care providers whose job responsibilities included ACLS.
      The Mega-Code skill station from the ACLS course was used to evaluate ACLS
      performance. Chi-square analyses showed a significant (p less than 0.05)
      difference in the posttest pass/fail results of the two groups and a significant
      (p less than 0.05) difference in the changes from pretest to posttest of the two
      groups. The research hypotheses were supported, and the researches concluded that
      the course had a positive effect on the subjects' ACLS ability.

PMID- 3850880
TI  - Acute pericardial disease.

PMID- 3850881
TI  - The ST segment axis: a distinguishing feature between acute pericarditis and
      acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3850882
TI  - A new device for the prevention of sudden death.
AB  - The clinical implications and use of an AICD are presented. This device is still
      under investigation, but has proved to be highly successful in trials to date.

PMID- 3850883
TI  - A study of ventricular ectopy during atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 3850884
TI  - Potassium imbalance in the coronary care unit.

PMID- 3850885
TI  - The pediatric patient: strategies for improving interactions.

PMID- 3850886
TI  - Establishing a research process for community health nursing agencies.

PMID- 3850887
TI  - Support for grieving kids.

PMID- 3850888
TI  - Initiating hospital-based home care.

PMID- 3850889
TI  - Continuing care of a total laryngectomy patient.

PMID- 3850890
TI  - Hospice care. Cancer pain management: converting analgesics.

PMID- 3850891
TI  - The legalities of home care. My patient won't follow the medical plan of
      treatment. What should I do to protect myself-legally?

PMID- 3850892
TI  - Digoxin-drug interactions.

PMID- 3850894
TI  - Waiting.

PMID- 3850893
TI  - The impact of documentation in home health care.

PMID- 3850895
TI  - Guilt feelings in the spouse of the terminally ill.

PMID- 3850896
TI  - Changes in a rural public health nursing program: a community profile.

PMID- 3850897
TI  - The role of the family nurse clinician in family health care.

PMID- 3850898
TI  - Rural home environment assessment: implications for community health nurses.

PMID- 3850899
TI  - Hospice care. Safe handling of cytotoxic agents in the home.

PMID- 3850900
TI  - Regulation of beta-D-galactoside alpha 2----3 sialyltransferase activity. The
      effects of detergents and lysophosphatidates.
AB  - Peptide maps of Form A and Form B of porcine submaxillary gland beta Gal alpha 2-
      --3 sialyltransferase were essentially identical, consistent with the view that
      the two forms are not different enzyme species but that one, the B form (Mr =
      44,000) is derived from the A form (Mr = 49,000). Analysis of the
      sialyltransferase activity in subcellular fractions from homogenates of porcine
      submaxillary glands reveals that 85% of the total activity of the transferase is
      bound to membranes, mostly in the Golgi apparatus, and that the remainder is
      soluble. The relative amounts of the membrane-bound and soluble forms as well as
      their response to detergents suggests that they are the cellular counterparts to
      the A and B forms of the transferase. The activity of Form A and the membrane
      bound enzyme is stimulated to similar extents by various detergents. Triton-type
      detergents are more effective than Brij-type. Lysophosphatidylcholine is a potent
      stimulator of the activity of Form A but lysophosphatidylethanolamine is without
      effect and lysophosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylglycerol are inhibitory.
      C16-18 acyl derivatives of lysophosphatidylcholine stimulate the activity more
      extensively than the C14 acyl derivative, and the C12 acyl derivative is without
      effect. In contrast, Form B is fully active in the absence of all detergents
      tested although it is inactivated just as Form A by lysophosphatidylglycerol and
      octylglucoside. Kinetic analysis of Forms A and B reveal that detergents
      stimulate the activity of Form A by lowering the KD and KM of CMP-NeuAc and
      increasing the Vmax of the reaction. Form B in contrast, which is fully active in
      the absence of detergents, has kinetic parameters like those of Form A in the
      presence of detergent. Taken together, these results suggest that Form A of the
      sialyltransferase, but not Form B, contains a lipid-binding domain, and that
      binding of detergents or lipids to the domain modulates the activity of the
      enzyme.

PMID- 3850901
TI  - Transcriptional regulation of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
      gene in rat liver.
AB  - This study addresses whether transcriptional control of the 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase gene in rat liver plays a role in determining
      the level of reductase mRNA. Isolated rat liver nuclei were allowed to elongate
      nascent RNA transcripts in the presence of [alpha-32P]CTP, and radiolabeled
      nuclear reductase RNA was quantitated by filter hybridization. Rats fed a diet
      supplemented with the drugs cholestyramine and mevinolin and having 20-60-fold
      induced levels of reductase mRNA exhibited levels of reductase transcription
      which were 20-fold higher than in rats fed an unsupplemented diet. Over 90% of
      the transcription of the reductase gene was inhibited by concentrations of alpha
      amanitin which selectively inhibit RNA polymerase II. Administration of
      mevalonolactone (the end product of the reaction catalyzed by reductase) to rats
      fed cholestyramine and mevinolin caused an 80% decrease in the rate of reductase
      transcription by approximately 1 h. We conclude that under these conditions
      changes in reductase transcription are primarily responsible for the regulation
      of reductase mRNA levels.

PMID- 3850902
TI  - Autobac susceptibility testing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
      isolated in an Australian hospital.
AB  - Semiautomated rapid broth elution (Autobac Multi-Test System; General
      Diagnostics, Div. Warner-Lambert Co., Morris Plains, N.J.) and disk diffusion
      tests were compared with an agar dilution breakpoint method to determine the
      antibiotic susceptibility of 147 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
      isolates from our hospital. Although the disk diffusion method, in general,
      correlated well with the agar dilution tests, the overall agreement of the
      Autobac tests with agar dilution tests was only 79%, with many very major
      discrepancies occurring with clindamycin (88%), gentamicin (33%), and methicillin
      (15%). When we used a 10-fold higher inoculum for the Autobac tests, all isolates
      were shown to be resistant to methicillin, but significant numbers of major and
      minor discrepancies occurred with chloramphenicol, fusidic acid, and neomycin.
      The majority of isolates were shown to belong to three biotypes, distinguishable
      by lactose fermentation, lipolysis, hemolysis, and pigment production. The
      antibiotic susceptibility profile of one biotype was found to be markedly
      different from those of the other biotypes and contained a high incidence of
      clindamycin susceptibility and neomycin, gentamicin, and kanamycin resistance. In
      contrast, the other two biotypes had a high incidence of clindamycin, gentamicin,
      and kanamycin resistance and neomycin susceptibility and accounted for most of
      the very major discrepancies in the clindamycin and aminoglycoside tests. In
      these methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains, discrepancies possibly may arise
      from partial expression of methicillin resistance, dissociated or inducible
      clindamycin resistance, and instability of gentamicin resistance.

PMID- 3850903
TI  - Expression of complement proteins C2 and factor B in transfected L cells.
AB  - Factor B and C2 are structurally and functionally similar complement proteins
      encoded by genes that are closely linked within the class III region of the major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC). In this study, restriction endonuclease
      digestion of cosmid DNAs isolated from an H-2d murine genomic library indicated
      that the chromosomal organization of these two genes was similar in mouse to that
      in man. To further characterize their expression, cosmid DNAs encoding human and
      murine factor B and C2 were introduced into mouse L cells by DNA-mediated gene
      transfer. Factor B expression was demonstrated in cells transfected with either
      the human or the murine gene, but not in cells transfected with a control
      plasmid. Synthesis and secretion of factor B by L cells transfected with the
      human and murine cosmids was similar to that of human and murine cells in primary
      culture. An interspecies variation between human and murine factor B was
      identified and reproduced with extraordinary fidelity by the mouse fibroblast. In
      contrast, C2 RNA and protein were expressed by L cells alone and by L cells
      transfected with a control plasmid, as well as by L cells transfected with
      cosmids encoding human and murine complement genes. Expression of the transferred
      human C2 gene was demonstrated by the presence of a new distinct C2 RNA
      transcript and secretion of biologically active human C2. These results
      demonstrate the similarity of organization of the murine and human class III MHC
      regions. Expression of the two closely linked gene products, C2 and factor B,
      after DNA-mediated gene transfer provides a system for further analysis of
      regulation in both normal and deficient states.

PMID- 3850905
TI  - New technology: implications for health.

PMID- 3850906
TI  - A programme for developing nurses' skills and nursing practice.
AB  - In this paper we describe a programme for developing nursing care for patients
      with myocardial infarction (MI) and report some results of a study in which
      applicability and effectiveness of this programme were evaluated. To investigate
      how the programme influenced nursing practice, nurses' readiness (knowledge,
      skills, motivation, accountability) to provide care for MI patients was followed
      for 2 years. Data for the evaluation were collected by questionnaires from three
      categories of nurses, by analysing nursing documents before and 1 and 2 years
      after the programme started, and by keeping a continuous diary. This programme
      made an impact on many variables that measure changes in nursing practice and
      nurses' readiness to provide care. The implications of this programme for nursing
      practice, research, education and administration are discussed.

PMID- 3850904
TI  - Suppression of murine neuroblastoma growth in vivo by mevinolin, a competitive
      inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase.
AB  - 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase catalyzes the formation
      of mevalonate, an essential precursor for isoprenoid compounds in mammalian
      cells. Recent studies have shown that mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of the
      reductase, inhibits cell proliferation and induces differentiation in cultured
      C1300 (Neuro-2A) murine neuroblastoma cells. We now report that mevinolin can
      inhibit neuroblastoma growth in vivo. The specific activity of HMG-CoA reductase
      in subcutaneous neuroblastomas increased more than 20-fold between the fifth and
      eighth days after tumor inoculation, and remained elevated for the remainder of
      the tumor lifetime in mice. The increase in reductase activity was correlated
      with a marked increase in tumor DNA content and exponential increase in tumor
      weight. Using an in vitro assay to monitor the ability of mouse serum to suppress
      sterol synthesis, we determined that mevinolin was inactivated or cleared from
      the circulation within 3-6 h after a single subcutaneous injection. However, by
      using subcutaneous osmotic pumps to deliver a constant infusion of mevinolin, we
      were able to maintain adequate blood levels of the drug for 7 d. Mevinolin (5
      mg/kg per h) suppressed tumor growth (wet weight) significantly when treatment
      was carried out between day 1 and day 8 or between day 5 and day 12 after tumor
      inoculation. Histopathological examination of tumors from mevinolin-treated mice
      revealed few or no mitotic figures and marked cellular degeneration. Measurements
      of incorporation of (3H)acetate into neuroblastoma sterols and ubiquinones 24 h
      after implantation of osmotic pumps showed that mevinolin produced a marked
      inhibition of isoprenoid synthesis in the tumors in vivo. The data suggest that,
      in addition to their demonstrated utility as cholesterol-lowering drugs,
      competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase may have considerable potential as
      novel antineoplastic agents.

PMID- 3850907
TI  - The relationship between nursing theory and nursing practice.
AB  - During the past two decades, redefinition of many of the beliefs and assumptions
      which underly nursing appears to have contributed to an increasing divergence
      between nursing theory and nursing practice. Nurses who are theorists and
      educationalists, and nurses who are engaged in nursing practice tend to use
      different vocabularies, to have differing perceptions of patients and of nursing,
      and to value different kinds of nursing knowledge. Some of the divergences
      between nursing theory and nursing practice are considered, and suggestions made
      about how theory and practice might be reconciled.

PMID- 3850908
TI  - New areas of theory development and practice in patient education.
AB  - Patient education, which is central to nursing practice, is evolving as a body of
      theory and in its application to groups of clients. This paper outlines a new
      body of theory known as self-efficacy theory, which has considerable potential to
      improve patient outcomes from teaching. This theory posits that patient belief
      that he can perform a necessary behaviour (self-efficacy) can be affected by four
      principal sources of information: performance attainments, vicarious experience,
      verbal persuasion, and perceived physiological states. This paper also describes
      new applications of patient education for psychiatric patients and notes the
      potential for the expanded educational services for geriatric patients. These
      programmes have the potential to save hospital costs and to improve quality of
      life but appear to be in early stages of programme development. Active
      development and management of a field's theory base and practice applications is
      fragmented in the patient education field but important to the field's continued
      relevance and vigour.

PMID- 3850909
TI  - Nursing patients--an enjoyable task?
AB  - The paper describes a small study, in which the issue of patient popularity is re
      examined. A sample of 35 psychiatric in-patients was used. The factors
      demonstrated by previous authors as affecting patient popularity are reconsidered
      in the light of theoretical, methodological, empirical and epistemological
      criticisms of previous research work in this area. The issues of consistency of
      patient popularity, both over time and between nurse raters, are also examined.

PMID- 3850910
TI  - District Health Authority policy and the 'extended clinical role of the nurse' in
      primary health care.
AB  - Historical trends encouraging the extended role of the nurse in general practice
      are described, and Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS) policy
      regarding this and the legal position of the nurse, discussed. The results of a
      postal questionnaire to all 192 Directors of Nursing Services (DNSs) (Community)
      in England are presented. The study aimed to document the extent to which nursing
      policies at district level had been developed to meet DHSS recommendations.
      Although 71% of the DNSs questioned said a policy on the extended role of the
      nurse had been drawn up in their districts, few met all three criteria
      recommended by the DHSS: specific task definition, training requirements and
      legal safeguards.

PMID- 3850911
TI  - Can clients with schizophrenia describe feelings and beliefs about taking
      medication?
AB  - The medical and nursing literature suggests measurement of attitude (feelings and
      beliefs) of clients with schizophrenia may be possible. This paper reports a
      study by the author using Fishbein's expectancy-value model to measure attitude
      toward taking medication and reflects on significant implications of both the
      research reported in the literature and the author's study. How symptoms of
      schizophrenia affect communication, attitude toward treatment, attitude toward
      taking medication, and clinical implications of measuring the attitude of clients
      with schizophrenia toward taking medication are discussed.

PMID- 3850912
TI  - The use of research reports in planning continuing education for trained nurses.
AB  - The number of research studies carried out in the United Kingdom by nurses is now
      quite considerable. As a result there are a number of areas which have been
      studied by several researchers using different methods and study populations but
      producing convergent findings in which confidence can be placed. In this paper it
      is argued that as well as contributing to the content of the knowledge
      transmitted during study days such findings can be used in the planning of
      continuing education programmes for trained nurses. Research studies in the
      following areas were chosen: the consumer's view of continuing education; the
      ward sister's management role; teaching and learning in the ward; and clinical
      practice. Findings are discussed and ways in which use can be made of them in
      continuing education are suggested.

PMID- 3850913
TI  - Conceptual frameworks and the nursing curriculum.
AB  - In this article the author discusses the meaning of a conceptual framework in the
      curriculum, the advantages of a conceptual framework, the relationship of
      curriculum design to the conceptual framework and some types of conceptual
      framework used in nursing curricula. The conceptual framework in the curriculum
      process and the relationship of nursing theory to the conceptual framework are
      also discussed. This article presents some results of a survey of Australian post
      basic clinical nursing courses and a content analysis of curricula for these
      courses. Such curricula are often perceived as based on nursing theory but in
      reality most appear to be heavily orientated to the medical model.

PMID- 3850914
TI  - Present and future care of the elderly.

PMID- 3850915
TI  - Accent capabilities in disorientation.

PMID- 3850916
TI  - Is your older client ready for a role change after retirement?

PMID- 3850917
TI  - Tardive dyskinesia: are your older clients at risk?

PMID- 3850918
TI  - Meet the health care needs of older adults by using a chronic care model.

PMID- 3850919
TI  - Nursing diagnosis: an essential step to quality care.

PMID- 3850920
TI  - Tips on nutrition.

PMID- 3850921
TI  - Serendipity.

PMID- 3850922
TI  - Prevent burn injury to older adults.

PMID- 3850923
TI  - [Effect of kallikrein on lung metastasis of cancer cells, and its influence on
      platelet aggregation].

PMID- 3850924
TI  - One or two low affinity penicillin-binding proteins may be responsible for the
      range of susceptibility of Enterococcus faecium to benzylpenicillin.
AB  - Three benzylpenicillin-resistant, clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium (MIC
      values 16-64 micrograms ml-1) contained six penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs),
      of which PBP5 was the most abundant and had the lowest affinity for the
      antibiotic. Four benzylpenicillin-susceptible strains (MIC values 0.031-0.5
      microgram ml-1) were obtained as spontaneous derivatives from these above
      organisms. There were significant decreases in the amounts of PBP5 in each of the
      derivatives, with the concomitant appearance of a new, higher affinity PBP (5*)
      in three strains. Increased amounts of PBP5, with no changes in PBP5*, were found
      in several mutants with intermediate-level benzylpenicillin-resistance (MIC
      values 1-8 micrograms ml-1) selected from two of the susceptible strains.
      Examination of 18 other clinical isolates, with a wide range of susceptibilities
      to benzylpenicillin (MIC values 0.062-128 micrograms ml-1), showed that PBP5* was
      present in 13 strains, and PBP5 in all of them, but in differing amounts. The
      results concerning the relative amounts and relative affinities of PBPs 5* and 5
      allowed the categorization of the various strains into six groups, within which
      organisms had somewhat similar susceptibilities to benzylpenicillin.

PMID- 3850925
TI  - Ribosome biogenesis and nucleolar ultrastructure in neuronal and oligodendroglial
      rat brain cells.
AB  - The absolute amounts of precursor to ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and ribosomal RNA
      (rRNA) in isolated rat brain neuronal and oligodendroglial nuclei were
      determined. The amount of the major pre-rRNA and rRNA species in neuronal nuclei
      was about twofold higher than in oligodendroglial nuclei. The relative rate of
      pre-rRNA synthesis in vivo was 2.3- to 2.7-fold higher in neuronal as compared
      with oligodendroglial nuclei. This corresponds to a 2.7-fold higher activity of
      the "template-bound" RNA polymerase I in isolated neuronal nuclei, whereas the
      activity of the "free" enzyme in both neuronal and glial nuclei was almost
      identical. The higher transcription rates of rRNA genes correlated with the
      markedly more prominent fibrillar component in neuronal nucleoli. The turnover
      times of the major pre-rRNA and rRNA species in neuronal and oligodendroglial
      nuclei were similar, except for 45S pre-rRNA, which turned over at an
      approximately 1.5-fold slower rate in neuronal nuclei. The relative rates of
      processing of pre-rRNA and of nucleocytoplasmic transport of rRNA in neuronal
      cells were approximately 2.7-fold higher than in oligodendroglial cells and
      corresponded to the differences in rRNA gene transcription rates. The established
      ribosome formation features correlated with an abundant (neurons) or exceedingly
      scarce (oligodendrocytes) nucleolar granular component. The turnover rate of
      cytoplasmic ribosomes in rat brain neurons was twofold slower than in
      oligodendrocytes, largely because of the about fivefold higher amount of
      ribosomes in the cytoplasm of neurons. We conclude that ribosome formation and
      turnover in neuronal and oligodendroglial cells are adapted to the protein
      synthetic levels in these two types of brain cells.

PMID- 3850926
TI  - The widespread influence of olfaction.
AB  - The full importance of olfaction has received minimal attention until recently
      renewed interest reveals that it becomes necessary not only for protection but
      also for digestion, memory, emotions, motor skills, and sexual performance. By
      reviewing the interrelationship of olfactory anatomical structures with the
      brain, examining precipitating factors contributing to olfactory disorders and
      recognizing the resulting pathophysiological conditions, nursing can contribute
      to future research by documenting systemic assessments which pay particular
      attention to the history of olfactory dysfunction.

PMID- 3850927
TI  - Nonatherosclerotic carotid occlusive disease--a guide to patient education.
AB  - Nonatherosclerotic occlusive disease--narrowing of the carotid lumen without
      atherosclerosis--describes an uncommon but known group of angiographic defects.
      This phrase includes the entities: fibromuscular disease, moyamoya syndrome,
      arterial dissection, and extracranial carotid aneurysms. Although nursing care of
      these patients is often the same as for those patients with atherosclerotic
      occlusive disease, there is a dearth of information available in nursing
      literature for use in patient education. This article will present definitions,
      symptoms (which may be the same as for those patients with atherosclerotic
      occlusive disease), treatment, and prognosis to aid the development of patient
      teaching plans.

PMID- 3850928
TI  - Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery.
AB  - Although the indications and effectiveness of the operation remain controversial,
      extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery has become a common method in
      the treatment of patients with cerebral vascular disease. The technical
      feasibility of the procedure and its low mortality and morbidity rates are well
      established. However, its usefulness remains unproven in a variety of clinical,
      angiographic and regional cerebral blood flow patterns. This discussion focuses
      on the purpose of EC-IC bypass surgery as well as the procedure itself and
      postoperative nursing care.

PMID- 3850929
TI  - Injury to the brachial plexus.
AB  - Trauma to the brachial plexus may have unfortunate physical, psychological, and
      social effects. Because this nerve network provides motor and sensory innervation
      to the arm and hand, an injury may result in functional impairment with
      concomitant loss in confidence and self-image. It is important for nurses to
      understand the properties of peripheral nerves and to appreciate the
      ramifications of injuries to these nerves.

PMID- 3850930
TI  - Amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome in the prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor:
      nursing implications.
AB  - The amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome in prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors is
      described. The role of prolactin in the development of amenorrhea and
      galactorrhea is discussed along with the other endocrine abnormalities that
      overproduction of prolactin may cause. The diagnostic tests that are commonly
      performed to identify this disease entity are presented with reference to the
      nurse's role in preparing patients for the diagnostic work-up. Recent advances in
      transsphenoidal surgery, radiotherapy, and the use of Bromocriptine as
      therapeutic modalities for this disorder are described. Nursing guidelines that
      accompany planning care for patients undergoing these treatment regimes are
      provided.

PMID- 3850931
TI  - Toward a more objective approach to pupil assessment.
AB  - The findings of an investigational study comparing a hand held tongue depressor
      pupil gauge with a printed millimeter scale sheet are the focus of this article.
      A historical perspective of the development of various millimeter measurement
      scales and devices is included as well as a brief overview of the anatomy and
      physiology of the oculomotor (III) cranial nerve. The results of the study
      provide support for the use of millimeter scales as an effective means of
      measurement of pupil size. Increased reliability with the use of a hand held
      tongue depressor pupil gauge is demonstrated. Implications for nursing practice
      are summarized.

PMID- 3850932
TI  - A quick and easy guide to neurological assessment.
AB  - A quick and easy guide with step-by-step pictorial descriptions has been
      developed for use as a uniform approach to neurological assessment by the nurse.
      It is the packaging of the information and the visual aids that may be useful,
      educational tools for nurses in performing a systematic assessment of the
      patient.

PMID- 3850933
TI  - Neuroscience nursing elective for senior nursing students.
AB  - In response to baccalaureate student requests for additional clinical experience
      and expanded opportunities in neurological and neurosurgical nursing, an
      experimental course was designed for the winter session semester in cooperation
      with a local teaching hospital. A three-credit elective, "Discovering
      Neuroscience Nursing," was offered to senior students for five weeks. The course
      included thirty hours of lecture and laboratory, field trips, and over 200 hours
      of clinical experience. A student stipend was provided by the hospital. Goals for
      the course centered on providing an opportunity for the student to gain
      competence and confidence in caring for patients with neurological dysfunctions
      and providing family support. Students were assigned staff nurse preceptors as
      they rotated to every clinical setting caring for patients with alterations to
      the nervous system. Evaluations from students and staff preceptors indicated the
      successful acceptance of the program which will be modified and continued as a
      senior elective.

PMID- 3850934
TI  - The documentation dilemma. A practical solution.
AB  - Few nursing divisions can withstand the continuation of practices known to be
      ineffective and costly, and of questioned benefit. Our hospital's critical survey
      of policies and procedures regarding nursing documentation has resulted in
      significant cost savings and improvement in satisfaction and quality.

PMID- 3850935
TI  - Evaluating and selecting a computer software package.

PMID- 3850936
TI  - Power. Conflicting views.
AB  - This study on power is the first of its kind reported in the nursing literature.
      We now know that the term "power" has significantly different meanings for
      nurses. The basic differences found between nurse executives and head and charge
      nurses with respect to their views on power is a timely finding. Before
      generalizations and interventions can be definitively suggested, more studies
      must be done. Nurses interested in participating in this effort should contact
      the author. The issue of unification of nurses is important. More exploration in
      the area of power will bring us closer to mobilizing our potential and strength.
      Nurse executives will be more successful in accomplishing their organizational
      goals with a united personnel group. The discrepancy in power beliefs identified
      in this article will create the stimulus for further discussion and reflection.

PMID- 3850937
TI  - Endings in mentor relationships.

PMID- 3850939
TI  - Alternative revenue sources for nursing departments.

PMID- 3850938
TI  - Who burns out?

PMID- 3850940
TI  - Nurse-midwifery management of preeclampsia. Two case studies.

PMID- 3850941
TI  - Midwifery management of second stage of labor.

PMID- 3850942
TI  - Task analysis.

PMID- 3850943
TI  - Common sense glossary of medical-legal terms.

PMID- 3850944
TI  - Recertification in nurse-midwifery. A critical analysis of use of a written
      examination.

PMID- 3850945
TI  - Hepatitis B. The nurse-midwife's role in management and prevention.

PMID- 3850946
TI  - Reducing low birth weight among socioeconomically high-risk adolescent
      pregnancies. Successful intervention with certified nurse-midwife-managed care
      and a multidisciplinary team.

PMID- 3850947
TI  - Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

PMID- 3850948
TI  - Genetic Screening.

PMID- 3850949
TI  - Infant nutrition and supplements.
AB  - Today, American consumers believe they need more and better nutrients than their
      diets provide. Consequently, consumers spend approximately three billion dollars
      each year on vitamin and nutrition products. Vitamin and/or mineral supplements
      are relatively inexpensive and available without a prescription; therefore, it is
      understandable that they are used by a substantial portion of the population.
      However, the last 50 years have witnessed a steadily increasing understanding of
      vitamins and trace mineral biochemistry and its role in human nutrition and
      intermediary metabolism. It has not been shown conclusively that normal breastfed
      infants of well nourished mothers need any specific vitamin and mineral
      supplements, with the exception of iron and fluoride. The use of vitamin D
      supplements remains controversial. Preterm infants may require supplements of
      vitamin E, iron, and folic acid because of their rapid rate of growth and less
      complete, intestinal absorption.

PMID- 3850950
TI  - Vaginal birth after cesarean.
AB  - Recent studies prompted by the high cesarean birth rates have looked at the issue
      of vaginal birth after cesarean. The risk of attempting a vaginal birth after
      cesarean appears to be minimal for selected clients. As more and more
      obstetricians begin to offer vaginal birth after cesarean to their patients,
      nurses will need to be fully informed about this option. A review of the
      pertinent literature relating to vaginal birth after cesarean and nursing
      implications are presented.

PMID- 3850951
TI  - Infant-feeding practices. Mothers' decision making.
AB  - Fifty-one primarily low-income, single, black mothers completed a questionnaire.
      More than one-half of the sample population reported that decisions about infant
      feeding were made by the end of the first trimester. Almost one-third of the
      mothers decided to breastfeed. Of that group, one-half supplemented breastfeeding
      with formula. More than one-half of the sample reported that external factors
      influenced their final decisions about infant feeding. More than one-half of the
      sample population reported that a nurse never discussed infant feeding with them.
      The role of nursing in infant-feeding decisions and patient teaching needs to be
      reevaluated.

PMID- 3850952
TI  - Adolescent mothers. Self-perceived health education needs.
AB  - Sixty-six primiparous adolescent mothers, aged 14 to 18 years, were asked to
      identify what they felt they needed to know about caring for themselves and their
      infant during the first six weeks postpartum. Data were collected by a structured
      questionnaire. Responses were classified according to four categories: infant
      medical needs, mother-infant psychosocial needs, maternal physical needs, and
      daily physical infant care. Analysis of overall questionnaire responses shows
      that care of infant is of primary concern to young mothers in the postpartum
      period.

PMID- 3850953
TI  - Squatting in childbirth. A new look at an old tradition.
AB  - The evidence supporting upright positions in childbirth and concerns about
      squatting are reviewed. Squatting techniques and how to adapt them to the
      traditional birth setting are explained, and the role of attitude on the part of
      childbirth educators and birth attendants in making the squatting position
      practically available for women in childbirth is emphasized. Recommendations are
      made for future research.

PMID- 3850955
TI  - The ombudsman--every unit should have one.

PMID- 3850954
TI  - Early sibling attachment.
AB  - A sample of 30 predominantly three- and four-year-old siblings were videotaped
      during their first meeting with a new sibling at the time of the mother's
      discharge from the hospital. The first five minutes of interaction were divided
      into 20, 15-second intervals, and each interval was coded for the presence or
      absence of 28 behaviors believed to be related to the early attachment process.
      The exploration behaviors of siblings showed considerable uniformity. The
      sibling's age, sex, or participation in sibling preparation classes produced no
      marked differences in behavior. Recommendations are made for further research.

PMID- 3850956
TI  - Living on the edge.

PMID- 3850957
TI  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

PMID- 3850958
TI  - One nurse's experience. The development of CAPD dialysable dolls.

PMID- 3850960
TI  - Spiritual care. A time to weep.

PMID- 3850959
TI  - Monitoring the heart's performance.

PMID- 3850961
TI  - Spiritual care. A time to laugh.

PMID- 3850962
TI  - Living & learning. E.R. One nurse's struggle with problem patients--and self
      righteousness.

PMID- 3850963
TI  - Masks matter. How nurses' attitudes helped--and hurt--my recovery.

PMID- 3850964
TI  - Confronting the right to die. Caught between a patient's will and a doctor's
      order.

PMID- 3850965
TI  - Intramuscular treatment of subclinical staphylococcal mastitis in lactating cows
      with penicillin G, methicillin and their esters.
AB  - The relationship between antibiotic milk concentrations and bacteriological
      efficacy was investigated in groups of lactating cows with subclinical mastitis
      due to either penicillin G-sensitive or penicillin G-resistant Staphylococcus
      aureus. Treatments consisted of the intramuscular injection of procaine
      penicillin G, or its weak base ester penethamate hydriodide, and sodium
      methicillin, or its weak base ester tamethicillin. Antibiotics were administered
      once daily for 2 or 4 days at accepted dosages. After four daily, treatments with
      procaine penicillin G and penethamate hydriodide, infections were eliminated from
      56.5% and 68.8%, respectively, of quarters infected with penicillin G-sensitive
      staphylococci, and from 14.3% and 7.7%, respectively, of quarters infected with
      penicillin G-resistant staphylococci. After four daily treatments with sodium
      methicillin and tamethicillin, infections were eliminated from 32.4% and 48.6%,
      respectively, of quarters infected with penicillin G-resistant staphylococci. The
      better efficacy of penethamate hydriodide and tamethicillin was considered to be
      linked to the higher milk drug concentrations obtained with these drugs as
      opposed to the lower concentrations measured in the milk after treatment with the
      parent drugs. Cure rates were generally higher after treatment for 4 days than
      after the 2-day course of therapy. Treatment efficacy decreased progressively
      with increasing age of the cows. Intramuscular treatment of subclinical
      staphylococcal mastitis in lactating cows can serve as a useful model for
      screening existing and new antibacterial agents and drug products intended for
      the parenteral treatment of clinical staphylococcal mastitis.

PMID- 3850966
TI  - [On patient education at discharge: case studies].

PMID- 3850967
TI  - [Preparation of a pamphlet for patient education at discharge and the practice of
      instruction].

PMID- 3850968
TI  - [Patient education to promote independent activities of patients: through
      regional continued nursing].

PMID- 3850969
TI  - [Effects of education of families caring for apoplexy patients following hospital
      discharge: effects on prevention of recurrence and maintenance of ADL].

PMID- 3850970
TI  - [Patient education to ease the apprehension of patients following discharge:
      preparation of a booklet and a guide for education].

PMID- 3850971
TI  - [Reflection on the experience in home nursing in the past year: an approach by
      the Musashino Red Cross Hospital and their future prospect].

PMID- 3850973
TI  - [Report from the hospice. 9. Death at home].

PMID- 3850972
TI  - [Home nursing. 18. Home nursing of a patient in the terminal stage of cancer: on
      the possibility of terminal care at home].

PMID- 3850974
TI  - [Use of non-narcotic analgesics. (1) Aspirin].

PMID- 3850975
TI  - [Clinical description of dementia. 5. Symptoms of dementia (4)].

PMID- 3850976
TI  - [Medical care in the changing society: toward the 21st century. 6. The
      intermediate care].

PMID- 3850977
TI  - [Counseling of patients. 8. Counseling methods: discussion with a patient with
      unfavorable prognosis of his condition. 5].

PMID- 3850978
TI  - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Kazue Yajima who acquired experience both as a nurse and
      as an inpatient in India].

PMID- 3850980
TI  - [Nursing in Indonesia. (2)].

PMID- 3850979
TI  - [Positive attitude toward recovery. Diary of a cancer patient. 9. Support of his
      family as a vital element in recovery].

PMID- 3850981
TI  - [Report from the First International Congress on AIDS held at Atlanta: the
      American society threatened by sexually transmitted disease numbering more than
      25].

PMID- 3850982
TI  - [Advantages and disadvantages of primary nursing to patients].

PMID- 3850983
TI  - [Home care: practice of long-awaited home nursing].

PMID- 3850984
TI  - [Re-evaluation of information collected for patient education following
      discharge].

PMID- 3850985
TI  - [Analysis of apprehension of patients with repeated hospitalization concerning
      therapy and daily activities following discharge: a follow-up survey after
      discharge].

PMID- 3850986
TI  - [Extension of the role of nursing and the future of ambulatory nursing].

PMID- 3850987
TI  - [Personnel allocation in ambulatory nursing].

PMID- 3850988
TI  - [Education in outpatient nursing in in-hospital training].

PMID- 3850989
TI  - [Evaluation of outpatient nursing--in the pediatric outpatient service].

PMID- 3850990
TI  - [Division of the outpatient care service and changing trends in ambulatory
      nursing].

PMID- 3850991
TI  - [Outpatient nursing in the comprehensive health service].

PMID- 3850992
TI  - [Practical nursing capability expected in outpatient nursing in the future].

PMID- 3850993
TI  - [Maintenance of the continuity of nursing information].

PMID- 3850994
TI  - [Ambulatory nursing of patients with heart diseases].

PMID- 3850995
TI  - [Patient education by nursing staff at the respiratory care service for
      outpatient].

PMID- 3850996
TI  - [Ambulatory management of diabetics at the department of internal medicine].

PMID- 3850997
TI  - [Comprehensive care of hemophilia patients--the current status and development of
      a hemophilia center].

PMID- 3850998
TI  - [Superiority of home care proven by a clinical experience].

PMID- 3850999
TI  - [Education of patients with cystitis].

PMID- 3851000
TI  - [Criteria for continued ambulatory nursing in the department of neurosurgery-
      ambulatory nursing to reinforce cooperation among outpatient care, the hospital
      ward, and the area population].

PMID- 3851001
TI  - [Management of asthmatic children and regional health promoting activities].

PMID- 3851002
TI  - [Midwifery practice at an outpatient obstetrical department--on the MOT (midwife
      obstetrician tie-up) system].

PMID- 3851003
TI  - [Nursing care expected by patients--experiences at a home care counseling
      service].

PMID- 3851004
TI  - [Suggestions for outpatient nursing].

PMID- 3851005
TI  - [Trends in outpatient nursing in the United States--activities of nurse
      practitioners in ambulatory care].

PMID- 3851006
TI  - [Achievements on an organization of asthmatic patients (Koyokai) in the past
      year].

PMID- 3851008
TI  - [Current trends in the treatment of bladder cancer].

PMID- 3851007
TI  - [Focal points in modern medicine. 23. Attention to ocular health. Discussion].

PMID- 3851009
TI  - [Surgical treatment of bladder cancer--indications for various surgical
      modalities and their clinical outcomes].

PMID- 3851010
TI  - [Pre and postoperative nursing of patients with bladder cancer. Management of
      patients undergoing urinary diversion for social rehabilitation].

PMID- 3851011
TI  - [Pre and postoperative nursing of patients with bladder cancer: a nursing
      standard for patients having ileal conduits].

PMID- 3851012
TI  - [Pre- and postoperative nursing of patients with bladder cancer. Site marking for
      urostomy].

PMID- 3851013
TI  - [Pre and postoperative nursing of patients with bladder cancer. Social
      rehabilitation and problems in daily lives of patients with ileal conduits].

PMID- 3851014
TI  - [Pre and postoperative nursing of patients with bladder cancer. Assistance to
      patients with ileal conduits for eventual self care].

PMID- 3851015
TI  - [Pre and postoperative nursing of patients with bladder cancer. Postoperative
      care of patients having ureterostomy--assistance given at our hospital toward
      patients' self care].

PMID- 3851016
TI  - [Pre and postoperative nursing of patients with bladder cancer. Need for
      continued nursing of patients with urostomy--a clinical case with a complex
      family background].

PMID- 3851017
TI  - [Pre and postoperative nursing of patients with bladder cancer. Nursing of a
      patient with bladder cancer complicated with hypertension and sequelae of
      stroke].

PMID- 3851018
TI  - [Pre and postoperative nursing of patients with bladder cancer. Nursing of a
      patient with transcutaneous urostomy--a reflection on nursing actions and family
      cooperation for rehabilitation of a 79-year-old woman who had never been ill].

PMID- 3851020
TI  - [Pre and postoperative nursing of patients with bladder cancer. Nursing of a
      patient in the terminal stage of bladder cancer with poor prognosis].

PMID- 3851019
TI  - [Pre and postoperative nursing of patients with bladder cancer. Prevention of
      pyelonephritis following transcutaneous urostomy].

PMID- 3851021
TI  - [Pre and postoperative nursing of patients with bladder cancer. A study of the
      apprehension of the patient having an ileal conduit and associated nursing
      interventions].

PMID- 3851022
TI  - [A new method for treating nasal allergy].

PMID- 3851024
TI  - [Current diagnosis and treatment of severe head injuries].

PMID- 3851023
TI  - [Immunotherapy of habitual abortion].

PMID- 3851025
TI  - [Fluid infusions in newborn infants].

PMID- 3851026
TI  - [Fluid infusion and associated nursing actions at the newborn intensive care
      unit].

PMID- 3851027
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with ovarian cancer associated with ascites and pleural
      effusion].

PMID- 3851028
TI  - [Care of urostomy. 8. The ileal, ileocecal, and colonic conduits].

PMID- 3851029
TI  - [The 2d European Symposium on Education of Diabetic Patients. Active listening-
      how do we confirm the validity of the information we collect from the patient?].

PMID- 3851030
TI  - [Report on a Hawaiian nursing seminar. 5. The primary nursing system--its
      observation in the United States].

PMID- 3851031
TI  - [The current mission of public health nurses: revised administration policies and
      the present local problems].

PMID- 3851033
TI  - [Consolidation and closing of public health clinics in Shizuoka Prefecture].

PMID- 3851032
TI  - [Conditions concerning public health nursing and the future problems].

PMID- 3851034
TI  - [Activities of an organization for promotion of maternal and child health at
      Okayama City: organized activities for health promotion].

PMID- 3851035
TI  - [Education of instructors of maternal health care: health education on maternal
      health care].

PMID- 3851036
TI  - [Housing problems and health].

PMID- 3851037
TI  - [Health examinations and public health nursing activities].

PMID- 3851039
TI  - [Approach to the problem of tuberculosis].

PMID- 3851038
TI  - [Care of patients with refractory diseases].

PMID- 3851041
TI  - [New prospects].

PMID- 3851040
TI  - [Structural adaptations of the guinea pig diaphragm to elastase-induced
      emphysema].

PMID- 3851042
TI  - [Fetal death].

PMID- 3851043
TI  - [Go ye, unto all the world...!. Interview by Sirkka Aberg].

PMID- 3851044
TI  - [Getting acquainted with the 'kangaroo' treatment at Hammersmith Hospital].

PMID- 3851045
TI  - [Every year is women's year].

PMID- 3851046
TI  - [A verb and my life: reach out].

PMID- 3851047
TI  - [From "The Best of Image": research related to stress].

PMID- 3851048
TI  - [Nursing diagnosis].

PMID- 3851050
TI  - [Community care in England: social service in Southwark Borough].

PMID- 3851049
TI  - [Study tour of U.S. visiting nursing service. (1)].

PMID- 3851051
TI  - [Psychiatric nursing. Nursing in open wards].

PMID- 3851052
TI  - [President's address at year's beginning].

PMID- 3851053
TI  - [Psychiatric nursing. Nursing of alcoholic patients].

PMID- 3851054
TI  - [Psychiatric nursing. A direction in ambulatory nursing in cooperation with the
      ward].

PMID- 3851055
TI  - [Psychiatric nursing. Learning from psychiatric patients].

PMID- 3851056
TI  - [Psychiatric nursing. Team approach and care].

PMID- 3851057
TI  - [Health workers devoted to their work at the sacrifice of their private lives].

PMID- 3851058
TI  - [Psychiatric nursing. Nursing records at the psychiatric department].

PMID- 3851059
TI  - [Psychiatric nursing--past, present and future].

PMID- 3851060
TI  - [Teaching poetry at nursing school--for better imagination. 15].

PMID- 3851062
TI  - [Medical topics: neuropeptide Y/osteomalacia].

PMID- 3851061
TI  - [Spotlight: Kiyoko Miwa, director of nursing, rehabilitation center for patients
      with severe brain damage due to traffic accidents].

PMID- 3851063
TI  - [Translation from "The Best of Image". Ethnoscience: A promising research
      approach to improve nursing practice].

PMID- 3851064
TI  - [Nursing in USSR--invited by Medical Workers Union of USSR].

PMID- 3851065
TI  - [Activities of the Research and Development Department and of the International
      Department].

PMID- 3851067
TI  - [Seminar in basic nursing education. Learning experience and the seminar].

PMID- 3851066
TI  - [Seminar in basic nursing education. Method, objective and evaluation of
      seminar].

PMID- 3851068
TI  - [Seminar in basic nursing education. Round table discussion].

PMID- 3851069
TI  - [Seminar in basic nursing education. Seminar as an effective method of learning].

PMID- 3851070
TI  - [Seminar in basic nursing education. Seminar as the core of education].

PMID- 3851071
TI  - [Visiting nursing service in USA. 2].

PMID- 3851073
TI  - [Verbs and our life: resist].

PMID- 3851072
TI  - [Nursing diagnosis (10)].

PMID- 3851074
TI  - [Teaching poetry at nursing school: for better imagination training. 16].

PMID- 3851075
TI  - [Medical topics: pelvic pain syndrome/burn anergy].

PMID- 3851076
TI  - Ethical deliberations in nursing: a dynamic process.

PMID- 3851077
TI  - Ethical decision-making in everyday nursing practice.

PMID- 3851079
TI  - Grey matter.

PMID- 3851078
TI  - Integrating ethics in the nursing curriculum.

PMID- 3851080
TI  - In support of certification for nurse education.

PMID- 3851081
TI  - Farmer's lung: know the symptoms before it's too late.

PMID- 3851082
TI  - [Nosocomial infections: recognition, prevention, control].

PMID- 3851083
TI  - [What is the hygiene nurse's task? To make the invisible visible].

PMID- 3851084
TI  - [Tips from practice: how does one organize the tasks of the hygiene nurse?].

PMID- 3851085
TI  - [The task of central sterilization in the service of asepsis].

PMID- 3851086
TI  - [Hygiene measures in the operating room. The prevention of postoperative
      infections].

PMID- 3851087
TI  - [Hospital hygiene at the bedside. Prevention and control of urinary tract
      infections].

PMID- 3851089
TI  - [After the Montebello process: work documentation (1). Professional identity and
      role of the nurse].

PMID- 3851088
TI  - [Student meeting: information exchange and mutual experience].

PMID- 3851090
TI  - [Hospital hygiene: report from epidemiology and nursing technics. Assessment,
      improvement and adaptation of preventive measures].

PMID- 3851091
TI  - [Hospital hygiene. Our skin as seen under the microscope. The patient is the
      principle carrier of germs].

PMID- 3851092
TI  - [Prevention of infection. The preoperative hygienic preparation of the skin].

PMID- 3851093
TI  - [Infectious and phlebitic reactions with the Venflon catheter].

PMID- 3851094
TI  - [A place of encounters and exchanges. ICN Congress].

PMID- 3851095
TI  - [Amnesty International at the ICN Congress: arousing thoughts].

PMID- 3851096
TI  - Diagnosing boredom, confusion, and adaptation in school children.
AB  - An instrument was developed to determine if middle-school children could be
      diagnosed as being in a bored, confused, or adaptive state of mind. Boredom and
      confusion were viewed as maladaptive states. Reliability was demonstrated for the
      boredom, confusion, and adaptation subscales. Indications of validity were
      obtained for the three subscales. Boredom, confusion, and adaptation subscale
      scores were correlated with standardized achievement test scores and with teacher
      grades in academic subject areas for 136 sixth and seventh grade students.
      Confusion scores correlated significantly and negatively with eight of nine
      standardized achievement test scores, and with two of four teacher grades in
      academic subject areas. All correlations obtained were in the expected
      directions. Implications for interventions, especially in the diagnosis of
      confusion, are discussed.

PMID- 3851098
TI  - Exercise science and health enhancement: a curriculum imperative in professional
      preparation.
AB  - Exercise as a strategy to maintain and promote health continues to gain
      prominence because of increasing public participation in exercise programs and a
      growing body of literature supporting its efficacy. This paper addresses the need
      for including exercise science in the formal training of the health educator by
      1) summarizing research concerning the effectiveness of exercise in health
      maintenance and enhancement, 2) presenting a rationale for including exercise
      science in the health educator's professional preparation curriculum, and 3)
      providing an outline for the course.

PMID- 3851097
TI  - Occupational stress in special education: a challenge for school health
      professionals.
AB  - Results of this study support the hypothesis that the majority of special
      educators, their support personnel, and general education administrators do not
      experience more job dissatisfaction than comparable occupational groups. However,
      they do report lower levels of subjective well-being when compared with normal
      populations. Furthermore, 18% of the educators in the study perceived themselves
      as failing to cope with their job, experienced more frequent symptoms of poor
      physical health, and reported significantly poorer subjective well-being. Health
      promotion programs for public school personnel should initiate prevention
      oriented health education programs for all employees. For those identified as
      more vulnerable to stress-related mental and physical health problems,
      therapeutic approaches may be necessary. However, self-help and mutual support
      groups may offer both groups a social support system to help meet human needs in
      addition to offering the potential for reducing perceived occupational stress.
      School health personnel may be in the best position to influence policies,
      procedures, and practices in schools that would support the work-related needs of
      all employees.

PMID- 3851099
TI  - School absence among children with chronic illness.
AB  - This paper reports school attendance for 336 chronically ill, Medicaid-eligible
      children living in rural areas of northern Florida. Demographic data were
      obtained by a questionnaire administered in a home interview. Attendance data
      were collected directly from the schools. The mean number of days absent the
      previous year was 16.9; the mean percentage of days absent was 9.4%. Regression
      analysis indicated that lower education level of parents and the child's
      inability to participate in physical activities were significant in predicting
      days missed from school. No individual diagnostic category was predictive of
      school absence. Thus, the chronicity of an illness and its impact on the child
      may be a more significant influence on school attendance than the actual
      diagnosis of the illness.

PMID- 3851101
TI  - Questionnaire research into health-related behavior in the United Kingdom.
AB  - Health Education is concerned with more than medical health. It embraces the
      social context of the individual and is inseparable from personal and social
      development. A questionnaire developed in the United Kingdom to obtain health
      related behavior profiles has been completed by 45,000 young people. The results
      are being used by schools to aid internal curriculum development, and they
      constitute an extensive data bank for further research. Cross-cultural use of the
      instrument may foster profitable exchanges of information both at the school and
      research levels.

PMID- 3851100
TI  - High school students' long-term retention of sex education information.
AB  - Ninth grade students in a rural South Carolina school were pretested about
      sexuality information, completed a 12-unit reproductive health course in eight
      months, and were posttested. A control group received the same pretest and
      posttest. Both groups were retested after the 10th and 11th grades and mean
      scores were calculated and compared. The difference between the experimental
      group's pretest and posttest mean scores was 8.49 (p less than .001); the
      difference between the control group's pretest and posttest mean scores was 1.0
      (p = .003). The experimental group's mean score remained at least 5.2 points
      higher (p less than .001) than the control group's score on the same test one and
      two years after the course. Comparison of the mean gain between the pretest and
      posttest scores, and between the pretest and fourth test scores, confirmed the
      results obtained by mean test scores. The test scores indicated that the
      knowledge of the experimental students increased significantly and was sustained
      for two years. Their scores remained significantly higher than those of the
      control group on the posttest, and on tests one and two years later.

PMID- 3851102
TI  - Helping the young stroke victim.
AB  - Cerebrovascular accidents, or strokes, are a major source of disability; some
      500,000 new cases are diagnosed annually. Though the number of young stroke
      victims is small, the cost in medical expenses and human suffering can be
      staggering. Causes of stroke are explained and information concerning survival
      rates, recovery, and rehabilitation is presented. Contributions to the
      integration and acceptance of the young stroke survivor by administrators,
      counselors, students, teachers, and school nurses are examined.

PMID- 3851103
TI  - Two years in a federal government role: reflections of a school health educator.

PMID- 3851104
TI  - Results of the School Health Education Evaluation.

PMID- 3851105
TI  - The role of school health.

PMID- 3851106
TI  - Thoughts from the School Health Education Evaluation advisory panel.

PMID- 3851107
TI  - Selecting and recruiting health programs for the School Health Education
      Evaluation.
AB  - The School Health Curriculum Project (SHCP) and three promising health education
      approaches, Project Prevention, 3 Rs and High Blood Pressure (HBP), and Health
      Education Curriculum Guide, were the curricula used in the School Health
      Education Evaluation (SHEE) project. This paper contains program descriptions of
      each, and a brief description of the process that led to their selection.
      Inclusion of the School Health Curriculum Project (SHCP) was mandated by the use
      of government funds to support the SHEE. The three alternative curricula, Project
      Prevention, 3 Rs and High Blood Pressure, and Health Education Curriculum Guide,
      were selected on the basis of a protocol devised jointly by contractors,
      government project officers, and the project advisory panel.

PMID- 3851109
TI  - School Health Education Evaluation. The impact of instructional experience and
      the effects of cumulative instruction.
AB  - Two substudies were conducted within the School Health Education Evaluation
      (SHEE) to assess implementation practices and cumulative effects. In both
      studies, special samples were identified that permitted independent analysis of
      contributing factors. For the implementation study, teachers who had taught only
      one year were assessed in their second year to determine what changes they made
      during implementation and how those changes were related to classroom
      performance. Teachers taught significantly fewer hours, fewer components of the
      curriculum, and made more changes. However, the classroom performance, compared
      with the first year, improved for both knowledge and attitude with a marginal
      trend toward improvement in self-reported practices. These results suggest that
      teachers became both more efficient and effective in the second iteration. The
      cumulative effects study tracked children through different levels of exposure to
      health instruction across two consecutive grade levels. Using partial classrooms
      as the unit of analysis, the results revealed that for knowledge, attitudes, and
      self-reported practices, exposure to two units of School Health Curriculum
      Project (SHCP) were more effective than one which was, in turn, more effective
      than no exposure. Analysis of self-reported smoking practices indicated
      cumulative program effectiveness in reducing both current smoking and future
      intent to smoke.

PMID- 3851108
TI  - Development and application of the student test used in the School Health
      Education Evaluation.
AB  - To accurately assess the health knowledge, attitudes, and practices of students
      in grades four-seven, the staff of the School Health Education Evaluation (SHEE)
      project devoted extensive effort to identify a test appropriate for such
      assessment. An extensive literature review failed to produce an instrument
      sufficiently comprehensive or psychometrically sound that could be employed. In
      this paper, the philosophic orientation and the detailed processes followed in
      developing a noncurriculum specific, psychometrically sound evaluation instrument
      for use in the study is described. Included are the bases for the test framework,
      test objective development, test item review, the various measures constructed
      using the test blueprint, student performance on the test battery, the
      psychometric qualities of the test, and suggestions for appropriate use of the
      final test in other school health education settings.

PMID- 3851110
TI  - School Health Education Evaluation. Implication of results: factors for success.
AB  - The four-year evaluation study summarized in this issue brings new evidence and
      directions for more successful health education programs. Two major factors for
      success stand out. The implementation of the program requires administrative
      support to assure adequate teacher preparation, and, fidelity to the curriculum
      must be maintained. The authors will describe these factors.

PMID- 3851111
TI  - Comprehensive school health education: a practical definition.
AB  - This article identifies 10 essential elements of comprehensiveness related to
      school health education that have been agreed upon by key personnel long involved
      in one or more of the four school health curriculum programs studied in the
      School Health Education Evaluation (SHEE) study. Each element is briefly
      described and followed with one or two examples of practical applications
      selected from the four curricula. The authors further concur with the concept
      that a Consumer Reports type of reporting of school health curriculum models
      might be useful in further SHEE data analysis and that the "elements of
      comprehensiveness" concept might be a valuable adjunct to such reporting.

PMID- 3851112
TI  - School Health Education Evaluation. Methodological and substantive significance.
AB  - As two of the consultants on the team that advised on design and execution of the
      School Health Education Evaluation (SHEE), the authors offer retrospective
      comments on the accomplishments and significance of the study. Comments are
      divided into three parts. First, the authors point out why many evaluators would
      argue a priori that the design of the study would not be feasible. Second, the
      authors discuss why the study did work and what makes it exemplary. Finally, the
      authors point out the several substantive findings of the study that have broad
      significance in education beyond health education alone.

PMID- 3851113
TI  - Pharmacological study of antithrombotic action of abietic acid.

PMID- 3851115
TI  - Some personal views on enhancing the efficacy of acupuncture.

PMID- 3851114
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmia.

PMID- 3851116
TI  - A talk on the depth of needling.

PMID- 3851117
TI  - Chishao (radix paeoniae rubra) in treatment of pigmented purpuric lichenoid
      dermatitis.

PMID- 3851118
TI  - Clinical observation of the weight-reducing effect of ear acupuncture in 350
      cases of obesity.

PMID- 3851119
TI  - The radiation of the He-Ne laser on acupoints in treatment of infantile chronic
      diarrhea in 93 cases.

PMID- 3851120
TI  - Treatment of fracture of the shaft of femur by combined traditional and western
      methods.

PMID- 3851121
TI  - Studies of qingyangshen (root of Cynanchum otophyllum). I. Effect of qingyangshen
      on copper and zinc metabolism.

PMID- 3851123
TI  - Protecting your interests.

PMID- 3851122
TI  - Influence of balsam pear (the fruit of Momordica charantia L.) on blood sugar
      level.

PMID- 3851124
TI  - The end of a fine innings. Interview by Alison Dunn.

PMID- 3851125
TI  - Unity for change.

PMID- 3851126
TI  - Nursing in a nuclear world.

PMID- 3851127
TI  - Scenes from nursing life: accident and emergency.

PMID- 3851128
TI  - Council matters.

PMID- 3851129
TI  - Care on contract.

PMID- 3851130
TI  - Development and testing of a scale to measure locus of control prior to and
      following childbirth.

PMID- 3851131
TI  - Infants who survive necrotizing enterocolitis.

PMID- 3851132
TI  - A chronically ill child's progression through the separation-individuation
      process.

PMID- 3851133
TI  - In vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of oxacillin-resistant coagulase negative
      staphylococci.
AB  - Minimum inhibitory (broth microdilution) and bactericidal concentrations
      determined on 101 oxacillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci against
      netilmicin, oxacillin, vancomycin, Lauricidin and minoxidil. All isolates were
      susceptible to vancomycin. Netilmicin was the next most active agent, inhibiting
      90% of the strains at 8 mcg/ml.

PMID- 3851134
TI  - What to treat: anxiety or depression?

PMID- 3851135
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of 45, X/46, XY.

PMID- 3851136
TI  - Recent advances in the early diagnosis of osteoporosis: a review.

PMID- 3851137
TI  - Smoking: the number one health problem.

PMID- 3851138
TI  - [Chronic osteomyelitis].

PMID- 3851139
TI  - [Salmonellosis].

PMID- 3851140
TI  - [Erythemotherapy].

PMID- 3851141
TI  - [Candidiasis].

PMID- 3851142
TI  - [Thermographic study method in surgery].

PMID- 3851143
TI  - [The mind and health].

PMID- 3851144
TI  - [Use of an illuminated guide in intubations].

PMID- 3851145
TI  - [Characteristics of the labor of the medical worker].

PMID- 3851146
TI  - [Ideological and educational work with paramedical and junior medical workers in
      a hospital].

PMID- 3851147
TI  - [Prevention of viral hepatitis B in outpatient operative dentistry].

PMID- 3851148
TI  - [Rehabilitation of sick children].

PMID- 3851149
TI  - [Senile cataract and its treatment].

PMID- 3851150
TI  - [Vitiligo].

PMID- 3851151
TI  - [Gooseflesh].

PMID- 3851152
TI  - [Hazardous situations in the life of children].

PMID- 3851153
TI  - [Disorders of the patency in the area of the duodenojejunal junction].

PMID- 3851154
TI  - [Relationships of the nurse in the neurology department with patients and their
      relatives].

PMID- 3851155
TI  - [Scalenus anticus syndrome].

PMID- 3851156
TI  - Health promotion: can the nursing profession influence policies?

PMID- 3851157
TI  - The scope and practice of parent counselling. Part II.

PMID- 3851158
TI  - Stress incontinence.

PMID- 3851159
TI  - Health foods.

PMID- 3851160
TI  - Stoma care.

PMID- 3851161
TI  - Preparing teenagers for parenthood.

PMID- 3851162
TI  - Teenage dilemma.

PMID- 3851163
TI  - Repeat sequence families derived from mammalian tRNA genes.
AB  - Short interspersed repetitive DNA sequences (SINEs) are the major component of
      dispersed repetitive DNA in all mammalian genomes. Most SINEs contain an
      intragenic RNA polymerase III promoter that initiates transcription at the 5' end
      of the repeated DNA sequence and which has been proposed to facilitate the
      transposition and amplification of these sequences by an RNA-intermediate
      mechanism. We have discovered several SINE families in the prosimian Galago
      crassicaudatus which have promoter regions similar to transfer RNA genes. To
      determine the relationship between Galago SINEs and mammalian tRNA genes, we have
      compared their sequences. Here, we demonstrate that the Galago monomer and type
      II SINE families are 68 and 62% homologous, respectively, with a human methionine
      tRNA gene. We have extended our analysis to include the rat identifier and mouse
      B2 families and show that their sequences are closely related to alanine and
      serine tRNA genes, respectively. Our observations suggest that many mammalian
      SINE families are amplified tRNA pseudogenes.

PMID- 3851164
TI  - [Indications for exchange transfusion in newborn infants].

PMID- 3851165
TI  - Why primary nursing?

PMID- 3851166
TI  - Packing a punch! Female nurses and the effective use of power.

PMID- 3851167
TI  - Essential skills for grads: how do the views of faculty and administration
      differ?

PMID- 3851168
TI  - Turning crisis into success.

PMID- 3851169
TI  - Nurses need to communicate regularly with their legislators about key health
      legislation.

PMID- 3851170
TI  - Big can be beautiful. An opportunity in the fitness field.

PMID- 3851171
TI  - Handling stress in the workplace.

PMID- 3851172
TI  - Surveying nursing's history.

PMID- 3851173
TI  - Members angry about closure of home. College supports nurses seeking to be
      rehoused.

PMID- 3851174
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Gain goodwill; moving on.

PMID- 3851175
TI  - Key role in the pediatric ward sister.

PMID- 3851176
TI  - Save essential homes.

PMID- 3851177
TI  - Welcome but inadequate cash to fight AIDS.

PMID- 3851178
TI  - Spotlight on A and E nursing.

PMID- 3851180
TI  - Caring for children.

PMID- 3851179
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Public effort.

PMID- 3851181
TI  - Residents of Ambridge provide good model of the community.

PMID- 3851182
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Facing facts.

PMID- 3851183
TI  - Avoid the budget book mentality.

PMID- 3851184
TI  - Building a nationwide community pediatric nursing service.

PMID- 3851185
TI  - Practitioners of nursing not medicine.

PMID- 3851186
TI  - Are we managing to please?

PMID- 3851187
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Common cause.

PMID- 3851188
TI  - A delicate equation.

PMID- 3851190
TI  - Listen to public's view on health cuts.

PMID- 3851189
TI  - Changing challenges facing paediatric oncology nurses.

PMID- 3851191
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Immunity; applications.

PMID- 3851192
TI  - Hartlepool endeavours.

PMID- 3851193
TI  - Nursing structures.

PMID- 3851194
TI  - Health policy and nursing curricula--a natural fit.

PMID- 3851195
TI  - Taking the guesswork out of choosing textbooks.

PMID- 3851196
TI  - Faculty evaluation: our shackle or parachute?

PMID- 3851197
TI  - Reaping the professional rewards of faculty evaluation.

PMID- 3851198
TI  - Research utilization: what's it all about?

PMID- 3851199
TI  - Diverse issues call for decisive action.

PMID- 3851200
TI  - Our toughest questions--ethical quandaries in high tech nursing.

PMID- 3851201
TI  - Policy for practice: pronouncement of death.

PMID- 3851202
TI  - When a student's client commits suicide.

PMID- 3851203
TI  - Calling in a nursing consultant to calm the waves of change.

PMID- 3851205
TI  - Speak for yourself.

PMID- 3851204
TI  - Nursing education update: computer technology.

PMID- 3851206
TI  - Helping the helpless. The abused child.

PMID- 3851207
TI  - Final arrangements. What you should know about living wills.

PMID- 3851208
TI  - Assessing the bladder.

PMID- 3851210
TI  - Honoring the personal side of chronic illness. Nursing grand rounds.

PMID- 3851209
TI  - Home is where the care is.

PMID- 3851211
TI  - Unlocking the mysteries behind the chest wall.

PMID- 3851212
TI  - How good a nurse are you?

PMID- 3851213
TI  - Rumors. The truth is, this article will help you separate fact from fiction.

PMID- 3851214
TI  - Helping Peter face the dark.

PMID- 3851215
TI  - Your patient is dying. How much should you tell him?

PMID- 3851216
TI  - Shirley was the one bad apple on our unit.

PMID- 3851217
TI  - Avoiding legal risks in the O.R.

PMID- 3851218
TI  - What our readers said about the doctor who wouldn't deliver a baby.

PMID- 3851219
TI  - Beating frustrations... before they beat you. A personal approach.

PMID- 3851220
TI  - Using emergency drugs correctly. Part II.

PMID- 3851221
TI  - Teaching your patient about blood glucose testing.

PMID- 3851222
TI  - Nursing life's guide to hidden hazards on the job. Part III: Radiation.

PMID- 3851224
TI  - Performing an arterial puncture for blood gas analysis.

PMID- 3851223
TI  - Arterial blood gases made simple.

PMID- 3851225
TI  - When legal problems loom... years after the fact.

PMID- 3851226
TI  - Court case. An error in judgment? Did sending a patient to the lab unassisted
      mean this nurse was negligent?

PMID- 3851227
TI  - Re-inventing the hospital.

PMID- 3851228
TI  - Chemical dependency in our ranks: managing a nurse in crisis.

PMID- 3851229
TI  - Detecting communication problems.

PMID- 3851230
TI  - Organizing for primary care in obstetrics.

PMID- 3851231
TI  - Informed consent: must ethical responsibility conflict with professional conduct?

PMID- 3851232
TI  - Choosing products: an in-house test of three types of intravenous clamps.

PMID- 3851233
TI  - Adaptability: a mobile nursing unit in-house.

PMID- 3851234
TI  - Coping with ineffective subordinates.

PMID- 3851235
TI  - Relatives sue for putting patient on life-support.

PMID- 3851236
TI  - Career dissatisfaction.

PMID- 3851237
TI  - A comparison study of coronary artery disease in employed women and housewives.

PMID- 3851238
TI  - Substance use among women in the workplace.

PMID- 3851239
TI  - Specific areas of concern for the female jogger.

PMID- 3851241
TI  - To have a healthy baby--don't ...

PMID- 3851242
TI  - Guidelines for exercise during pregnancy.

PMID- 3851240
TI  - Osteoporosis: a self-care check list for women.

PMID- 3851243
TI  - A descriptive study on working women's knowledge about midlife menopause and
      health care practices.

PMID- 3851244
TI  - Breast models: a useful tool for instruction.

PMID- 3851245
TI  - Developing research skills in occupational health nursing: where to begin?

PMID- 3851246
TI  - Health: a purchasable commodity.

PMID- 3851248
TI  - Mentorship in occupational health nursing.

PMID- 3851247
TI  - Health promotion beliefs and practices of a sample of occupational health nurses.

PMID- 3851249
TI  - Preventing back injuries: an application of the nursing research process.

PMID- 3851250
TI  - Sodium in drinking water: implications for occupational health nurses.

PMID- 3851251
TI  - Colorectal cancer screening in the workplace.

PMID- 3851253
TI  - The consultation role of the psychiatric nurse clinician: from general health
      care to the industrial setting.

PMID- 3851252
TI  - The agricultural worker: occupational health's neglected client.

PMID- 3851254
TI  - Nurses helping nurses.

PMID- 3851255
TI  - Non-nursing bachelor of science gets the third degree.

PMID- 3851256
TI  - Nurse entrepreneur: a breed apart?

PMID- 3851257
TI  - Standards of community health nursing: application in practice.

PMID- 3851259
TI  - [Computers in nursing--information].

PMID- 3851258
TI  - Through the magnifying glass: a look at ANA convention action on entry into
      practice.

PMID- 3851260
TI  - [Stoma care. 2].

PMID- 3851261
TI  - [Nursing as a test of strength of humaneness].

PMID- 3851262
TI  - [Introductory address for the 6th Austrian Nursing Congress].

PMID- 3851263
TI  - [Nursing care in homes for the aged and departments for chronic disease].

PMID- 3851264
TI  - [Wanting to help and having to economize--reductions in personnel and business
      budget and their effects on patients and nursing care (from the nurse's
      viewpoint].

PMID- 3851265
TI  - [Wanting to help and having to economize--reductions in personnel and business
      budget and their effects on nursing care (from the hospital administrator's
      viewpoint)].

PMID- 3851266
TI  - Pay equity/comparable worth: an update of public sector activities.

PMID- 3851267
TI  - Nursing education in 1985--an update.

PMID- 3851268
TI  - My name is Tom, I am an alcoholic and addict.

PMID- 3851269
TI  - Preliminary survey--female admissions to drug and alcohol services--Commonwealth
      of Pennsylvania.

PMID- 3851270
TI  - Functional abilities following limb-salvage procedures.

PMID- 3851271
TI  - Psychosocial support for the person experiencing cancer.

PMID- 3851273
TI  - Multiple myeloma.

PMID- 3851272
TI  - Alterations in comfort: pain related to cancer.

PMID- 3851274
TI  - [Effect of kallikrein on the development of the general adaptation syndrome].

PMID- 3851275
TI  - Effective communication strategies for pediatric practice.

PMID- 3851276
TI  - A national survey assessing pediatric preventive behaviors.

PMID- 3851278
TI  - Nursing care of the critically ill child: a seven-point check.

PMID- 3851277
TI  - Preventive dentistry for children.

PMID- 3851279
TI  - Comparing care by parent and traditional nursing units.

PMID- 3851280
TI  - Pediatric management problems (Opsoclonus).

PMID- 3851281
TI  - Research design strategies. Will nursing intervention enhance bonding in a
      selected group of new mothers?

PMID- 3851282
TI  - Drug management of otitis media.

PMID- 3851283
TI  - Position statement on voluntary specialized accreditation.

PMID- 3851285
TI  - Test services for practical/vocational nursing programs 1985-86.

PMID- 3851284
TI  - Test services for registered nursing programs 1985-86.

PMID- 3851286
TI  - Costing out nursing: pricing our product.

PMID- 3851287
TI  - The variable nursing charge system at the Hospital of Saint Raphael.

PMID- 3851288
TI  - The development of a cost allocation statistic for nursing.

PMID- 3851289
TI  - Costing out nursing in nursing homes.

PMID- 3851290
TI  - The Omaha system: implications for costing community health nursing.

PMID- 3851291
TI  - Nursing services: costing, pricing, and variable billing.

PMID- 3851292
TI  - Psychiatric nursing training and change in perception of mental patient.

PMID- 3851293
TI  - Management and productivity in nursing. "Man creates, man destroys".

PMID- 3851294
TI  - How do we give quality nursing care in this age of modern technology.

PMID- 3851295
TI  - Hydrocephalus.

PMID- 3851296
TI  - Courtesy at work.

PMID- 3851297
TI  - Development of the child.

PMID- 3851298
TI  - Role of the psychiatric nurse in psychiatry.

PMID- 3851299
TI  - Case-study--management of a pre-term baby.

PMID- 3851300
TI  - Anaemia in pregnancy.

PMID- 3851302
TI  - Terminal care at home.

PMID- 3851301
TI  - Changing trends in the management of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3851303
TI  - Nurses' contribution to child health.

PMID- 3851304
TI  - Crime and mental illness.

PMID- 3851305
TI  - Noncompliance may be an appropriate diagnosis.

PMID- 3851307
TI  - An uneasy alliance: nursing and the women's movement.

PMID- 3851306
TI  - Nursing entrepreneurs: a success story.

PMID- 3851308
TI  - Written informed consent: closing the door to clinical research.

PMID- 3851309
TI  - Another look at informed consent.

PMID- 3851310
TI  - Self-care in a high-rise for seniors.

PMID- 3851311
TI  - Using dramatization to train caregivers for the elderly.

PMID- 3851312
TI  - Legal responsibilities of public health nurses.

PMID- 3851313
TI  - Stillbirth: death before life.

PMID- 3851314
TI  - AIDS and succour.

PMID- 3851315
TI  - Computers: only connect.

PMID- 3851316
TI  - A high sheriff on home ground. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3851317
TI  - Press-ganged into passivity?

PMID- 3851318
TI  - Jack: a study in anguish.

PMID- 3851319
TI  - The education debate: common knowledge. Interview by Margaret Green.

PMID- 3851320
TI  - Working abroad: I want to work in Canada.

PMID- 3851321
TI  - Make the dressing fit the wound.

PMID- 3851322
TI  - Cosmic nursing: first step into the unknown.

PMID- 3851323
TI  - Budgeting for beginners: how to check overspending.

PMID- 3851324
TI  - On the move. Six. Keeping an eye on mum.

PMID- 3851325
TI  - Backchat. Time to think.

PMID- 3851326
TI  - Job forum.

PMID- 3851327
TI  - Job forum. Opportunity knocks.

PMID- 3851328
TI  - Job forum. Adding up the scores.

PMID- 3851330
TI  - Is pay a local issue?

PMID- 3851329
TI  - Alternative medicines: unnatural justice?

PMID- 3851331
TI  - Child abuse: for the children's sake.

PMID- 3851332
TI  - Time to teach the teachers.

PMID- 3851333
TI  - Teach yourself goal setting.

PMID- 3851334
TI  - A revolution in urology?

PMID- 3851335
TI  - Education: on course for failure?

PMID- 3851336
TI  - Children are special.

PMID- 3851337
TI  - Cause for complaint: signs of neglect.

PMID- 3851338
TI  - Cause for complaint: lessons learned.

PMID- 3851339
TI  - A game of patients.

PMID- 3851340
TI  - The Act translated.

PMID- 3851341
TI  - 'I'm normal,' I cried.

PMID- 3851342
TI  - Where have all the nurses gone?

PMID- 3851343
TI  - Pay: when some are more equal.

PMID- 3851344
TI  - Primary health care: politics first?

PMID- 3851345
TI  - Where are the British models?

PMID- 3851346
TI  - A slow process?

PMID- 3851347
TI  - Jay walking in the community.

PMID- 3851348
TI  - Dry eye syndrome.

PMID- 3851349
TI  - Sights that are set too high.

PMID- 3851351
TI  - Burford Nursing Development Unit. Therapeutic massage.

PMID- 3851350
TI  - Burford Nursing Development Unit Newsletter.

PMID- 3851352
TI  - Burford Nursing Development Unit. Self-medication.

PMID- 3851353
TI  - Which tasks can a community nurse take over?

PMID- 3851354
TI  - Meeting midwives midway.

PMID- 3851355
TI  - Backchat. Too many nurses?

PMID- 3851356
TI  - Portrait of the health visitor.

PMID- 3851357
TI  - Health visiting. A family affair?

PMID- 3851358
TI  - Health visiting. Training for a crisis.

PMID- 3851359
TI  - Health visiting. Start right with every bite.

PMID- 3851360
TI  - Confidence boosters.

PMID- 3851361
TI  - Tea with Mrs Jones. Interview by Pauline Chudley.

PMID- 3851363
TI  - The community debate. Jill of all trades?

PMID- 3851362
TI  - Hayhoe hits the highspots.

PMID- 3851364
TI  - The community debate. A severe test of seamanship.

PMID- 3851365
TI  - The community debate. Why the weeds have taken over. Interview by Laurence
      Dopson.

PMID- 3851366
TI  - The community debate. When practice is not perfect.

PMID- 3851367
TI  - Behaviour therapy nursing. New wine in old bottles.

PMID- 3851368
TI  - Holistic health. Body maps.

PMID- 3851369
TI  - On the move--four. The community revolt.

PMID- 3851370
TI  - Accident and emergency. Dressing down the discomfort.

PMID- 3851371
TI  - Management. Transatlantic strategy.

PMID- 3851373
TI  - Backchat. Hired help.

PMID- 3851372
TI  - The midwife's management of the third stage of labour.

PMID- 3851374
TI  - Nurse politics--American style.

PMID- 3851375
TI  - Nursing politics. Friends in high places.

PMID- 3851376
TI  - Child health. Good news week.

PMID- 3851377
TI  - Cancer: bridging the gap.

PMID- 3851378
TI  - One for all or all for one?

PMID- 3851379
TI  - Your move, nurse.

PMID- 3851380
TI  - Management: nursing time on disk.

PMID- 3851381
TI  - Observations of the postoperative patient.

PMID- 3851382
TI  - Sharing the sadness.

PMID- 3851383
TI  - Counselling: learning to listen.

PMID- 3851384
TI  - Management. The magnet factor.

PMID- 3851385
TI  - On the move. Five. A place with time for people.

PMID- 3851386
TI  - Models and theories. The interface system.

PMID- 3851388
TI  - Backchat: mutton dressed as lamb?

PMID- 3851387
TI  - Tracheostomy care.

PMID- 3851389
TI  - Symposium on computers in nursing.

PMID- 3851390
TI  - Screen design of a hospital information system.
AB  - As the use of computerized Medical Information Systems becomes more commonplace
      and more extensive, the significance of screen design also becomes more
      important. User acceptance, which will bridge the gap between man and the
      machine, and increased productivity is dependent on ease of use, clarity, and
      meaningfulness. This can be accomplished through careful screen design. The role
      of the nurse is to become familiar with this technology and to use the skills of
      nursing combined with good screen design to establish user friendly formats. This
      can be done by working in a vendor development environment, a hospital data
      processing department, or by working as a functional user in developing software
      packages for patient populations. Nurses who familiarize themselves with screen
      design technology are in key positions to contribute to increased staff
      productivity via system acceptance and maximum utilization.

PMID- 3851391
TI  - Space nursing. A professional challenge.
AB  - The challenge is to have man living and working in a permanently based space
      station. Nursing is on the threshold of expanding the health care role to man's
      adaptation in outer space. Elements of man's physiologic and psychologic
      responses are involved in determining the most productive use of man and machines
      in the space environment. Curricular considerations for a career in space nursing
      are being explored. The projection of possibilities for practice of space nursing
      can produce effective contributions toward health care maintenance of the space
      station personnel. The challenge for nursing is to become a collaborating team
      participant in the exploration of living and working in space.

PMID- 3851392
TI  - Management information systems and the role of the nurse vendor.
AB  - Nurse vendors have the ability and motivation to respond to market imperatives
      faster than most health care institutions. Vendors can contribute important
      knowledge to nursing literature about the consultant-expert vendor-client
      relationship and the expectations of both.

PMID- 3851394
TI  - The job search and information systems opportunities for nurses.
AB  - It is important to continually upgrade your skills and goals, examine career
      options, and be flexible. This is an ideal point in the growth of health care
      information systems for nurses to consider before becoming actively involved. The
      future of our industry will be total health care systems expanding far beyond
      hospitals. There is and will be a greater need to provide information for
      decision making in the vast areas of alternative delivery, preventative medicine,
      industrial and occupational medicine, and the adult long-term care market. Large,
      non-health care corporations and business coalitions will have a strong influence
      on our industry. Terminals will be set up in the workplace for early detection of
      disease and to provide wellness programs. Due to severe financial pressures, we
      will finally be forced to use our technology for medical research and to provide
      access to national data bases to provide better health care and allow for
      prevention, early detection, and a faster cure of some diseases. The nurse
      consultant will play a major role in this area. This evolution will happen only
      over time. As many mergers take place among the major health care vendors, we can
      only wonder what this does to our industry. As larger consolidated corporations
      sort their priorities, entrepreneurs will have the ideal opportunity to use their
      creative ability to provide products and services to the industry. The survivors
      will be those firms and institutions providing the best and most flexible service
      at a competitive price. What is important in this market is the people. They must
      be global thinkers with an understanding of the present and future of the health
      care market. They must be managers who are flexible and able to creatively use
      resources and technology. In both a profit and nonprofit environment, these
      leaders will be required to be risk takers, decision makers, and operate in a
      proactive manner. They will need to be entreprenurial and be open to joint
      venturing. The health care systems industry will only gain in importance in the
      next 4 years and will be nothing less than dynamic.

PMID- 3851393
TI  - Role of a systems consultant during the implementation of a patient care system.
AB  - These are just a few examples of areas where systems consultants and nurses can
      work closely together in designing and implementing a patient care system.
      Implementation of a patient care system will require careful examination of most
      nursing policies and procedures. The consultant's depth and range of experience
      is greatly enhanced by the nurse's understanding of the patient care environment
      and of day-to-day activities. By adhering to a carefully planned and controlled
      implementation process, they can combine their skills and strengths to ensure the
      successful implementation of a new patient care system.

PMID- 3851395
TI  - Using nursing expertise for non-nursing computer systems.
AB  - The nurse working with automated systems often uses the same practical and
      clinical skills used in the analysis, implementation, and evaluation of patient
      care. Transferring those cognitive skills from a clinical setting to a setting in
      which automated systems are the primary focus is practical, yet challenging. The
      intuitive processes of analysis, implementation, and evaluation are the same;
      however, the methods, procedures, and tools vary. The additional skills required
      to become a systems analyst, technical writer, information specialist, project
      officer, or consultant can be learned either formally by attending courses,
      seminars, workshops, or other educational programs or by on-the-job experience
      with the many aspects of systems implementation. Whenever possible, opportunities
      for learning should be sought by the nurse to develop her analytical and
      technical skills, depending on the nature of the role she fills in working with
      automated systems. Experience with non-nursing technology provides the nurse with
      a deeper understanding and appreciation of the applications of computer
      technology in a variety of settings. This kind of knowledge contributes to her
      ability to more accurately assess the capabilities desirable in automated health
      care system, with particular emphasis on nursing requirements. The combination of
      nursing, technical, and analytical skills places the nurse working with automated
      systems in a position to greatly expand her knowledge base and to identify
      mechanisms to transfer non-nursing technology to automation in nursing practice,
      education, and research. The challenge to the nursing profession will continue as
      automation continues to become an integral part of health care delivery.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3851396
TI  - Education. Can we see the wood for the trees?

PMID- 3851397
TI  - The silent majority.

PMID- 3851398
TI  - Clinical. Take a deep breath.

PMID- 3851399
TI  - John's story. Hyperbaric oxygenation. Interview by Karen Montague.

PMID- 3851400
TI  - Finance. 2. Home ownership.

PMID- 3851401
TI  - What's in a name?

PMID- 3851402
TI  - Attitudes and influence.

PMID- 3851403
TI  - Health education. Meeting the need.

PMID- 3851405
TI  - Child abuse: the A&E nurse's role.

PMID- 3851404
TI  - Mental handicap. Where silence is not golden.

PMID- 3851406
TI  - Practice. Open all hours.

PMID- 3851407
TI  - Floating on air.

PMID- 3851408
TI  - Dressing fungating wounds.

PMID- 3851409
TI  - Pressure for change.

PMID- 3851411
TI  - Medical Express sets the pace.

PMID- 3851410
TI  - Terminological inexactitudes.

PMID- 3851412
TI  - Finance. 3. Provision for retirement.

PMID- 3851413
TI  - Pharmacology. Foxglove therapy.

PMID- 3851414
TI  - Psychiatry. Blow for independence.

PMID- 3851415
TI  - Education. Challenging the status quo. Interview by Martin Vousden.

PMID- 3851416
TI  - Community. Midwifery in the real world.

PMID- 3851417
TI  - Health education. Hysterectomy counselling.

PMID- 3851419
TI  - Health Visitors Association special. Facing the facts.

PMID- 3851418
TI  - Health Visitors Association special. Looking to the future.

PMID- 3851420
TI  - Health Visitors Association special. Therapeutic dolls.

PMID- 3851421
TI  - Health Visitors Association special. Going into Europe.

PMID- 3851422
TI  - Health Visitors Association special. What do children eat?

PMID- 3851423
TI  - Dear Sir John...

PMID- 3851424
TI  - Finance. Insurance protection.

PMID- 3851425
TI  - Health education: fair to middling.

PMID- 3851426
TI  - Ash Wednesday.

PMID- 3851427
TI  - Enthusiasm is the key.

PMID- 3851428
TI  - Research. Stuck in an educational rut.

PMID- 3851429
TI  - The confidence to educate?

PMID- 3851430
TI  - Communication breakdown.

PMID- 3851431
TI  - Nursing Mirror theater nurses' supplement. The battle for supremacy.

PMID- 3851432
TI  - Nursing Mirror theater nurses' supplement. Taking the strain.

PMID- 3851433
TI  - Nursing Mirror theater nurses' supplement. Constructive criticism.

PMID- 3851434
TI  - Five-star treatment.

PMID- 3851435
TI  - A & E nursing: sudden death.

PMID- 3851436
TI  - Griffiths update: a climate of fear.

PMID- 3851437
TI  - Diabetic control in adolescents.

PMID- 3851438
TI  - Finance: savings and investment.

PMID- 3851439
TI  - Education: the importance of awareness.

PMID- 3851440
TI  - Crisis in care: the most stressful specialty.

PMID- 3851441
TI  - Health education: how much do you drink?

PMID- 3851442
TI  - Midwifery: birth of a maternity unit.

PMID- 3851443
TI  - Shelter or suffering?

PMID- 3851444
TI  - A major hurdle.

PMID- 3851445
TI  - A vocational progression. Interview by Patrice Gaffaney.

PMID- 3851446
TI  - Weight gain and adjuvant chemotherapy.

PMID- 3851447
TI  - The development and validation of an oncology patient classification system.

PMID- 3851448
TI  - A study of the oncology nurse role in ambulatory care.

PMID- 3851449
TI  - The challenge of hypercalcemia in cancer.

PMID- 3851450
TI  - A cancer nursing assessment tool.

PMID- 3851451
TI  - A psychological model of adjustment in gynecologic cancer patients.

PMID- 3851452
TI  - Extravasation of doxorubicin from a Hickman catheter: a case presentation.

PMID- 3851453
TI  - Third-party reimbursement: status of legislation.

PMID- 3851455
TI  - Qualitative methods in community analysis.

PMID- 3851454
TI  - Selecting a method to measure dietary intake.

PMID- 3851456
TI  - Levels of public health.

PMID- 3851457
TI  - Public health nursing in primary care: impact on home visits.

PMID- 3851458
TI  - American nurses on safari: an illustration of coping with cultural complexity.

PMID- 3851459
TI  - Nurse-patient interaction in the home setting.

PMID- 3851460
TI  - Single-step purification of "kallikrein-resistant" kininogen from rat plasma
      using monoclonal-antibody immunoaffinity chromatography.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody to rat plasma kininogen, obtained after immunization of mice
      with the kininogen prepared by conventional methods, was purified from ascites
      fluid and coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose-4B. Monoclonal-antibody affinity
      adsorbant thus prepared provided a rapid single-step method of purifying to
      homogeneity plasma kininogen. Purified rat plasma kininogen showed identical
      molecular weight and immunological cross-reactivity to rat plasma low molecular
      weight (LMW) kininogen purified by conventional procedures. Rat plasma kininogen
      differed from LMW kininogen from other species by virtue of its resistance to
      cleavage by either plasma or glandular kallikreins.

PMID- 3851461
TI  - [Cancer of the corpus uteri].

PMID- 3851462
TI  - [Function of the charge nurse].

PMID- 3851463
TI  - [Arterial hypertension and obesity].

PMID- 3851464
TI  - [How much does health cost. 4. An analysis of treatment costs and alternatives].

PMID- 3851465
TI  - [Social aspects of strokes].

PMID- 3851466
TI  - [Why should things be improved?].

PMID- 3851467
TI  - [All of my Mokotow. Interview by Iwona Krysiak].

PMID- 3851468
TI  - [Girl Scout].

PMID- 3851470
TI  - [Measurement of work time in a hospital medical service].

PMID- 3851471
TI  - [Administration nursing staff].

PMID- 3851469
TI  - [Uterine contractile function].

PMID- 3851472
TI  - Infant with a congenital defect: crisis for the family.

PMID- 3851473
TI  - Perioperative nursing roles for the aesthetic surgical patient.

PMID- 3851474
TI  - Success with lipoplasty as an outpatient procedure.

PMID- 3851476
TI  - When R.N.'s assessment and M.D.'s diagnosis differ.

PMID- 3851475
TI  - [The Sceptor system: relation of results from antibiograms in diffusion agar to
      MIC].
AB  - The Sceptor system and the susceptibility of Gram-positive cocci and Gram
      negative rods to several antibiotics were presented. The accuracy of methicillin
      and gentamicin MIC of Staphylococcus aureus was determined. The MIC of
      methicillin-resistant strain was less than 8 mg/l. Finally the MIC accuracy to 29
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was compared with the results obtained by the
      standard disk diffusion method.

PMID- 3851477
TI  - Legal case briefs for nurses. KS: anesthesia without orders or supervision. NY:
      nurse sues patient: Dead Man's Statute.

PMID- 3851478
TI  - Chaos in the O.R. - CNRA: "Res Ipsa" doctrine. Case in point. Morgan v.
      Children's Hospital (480 N.E. 2d 464 - OH).

PMID- 3851479
TI  - [Popular use of medicinal plants in infancy].

PMID- 3851480
TI  - [Influence of nutrition on age at menarche].

PMID- 3851482
TI  - [Causes of emotional stress on nurses assisting critically ill children].

PMID- 3851481
TI  - [Nursing care of patients with current behavior manifestations of obsessive
      compulsive symptoms].

PMID- 3851483
TI  - [Opinions of nursing students about various sexual practices].

PMID- 3851484
TI  - [Preparation of nurses for supervision in health centers].

PMID- 3851485
TI  - [Interactions between nurses and parents of hospitalized children].

PMID- 3851486
TI  - [The female genital system (1). Uterus, vagina, clinical examination].

PMID- 3851487
TI  - [Materials and technic. The perfusion pump (1)].

PMID- 3851488
TI  - [Hemocultures in intensive care].

PMID- 3851489
TI  - [Cytobacteriologic examination of urine].

PMID- 3851490
TI  - [Determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration and of the minimal
      bactericidal concentration. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal strength of serum].

PMID- 3851491
TI  - [Systematic bacteriologic tests in intensive care].

PMID- 3851492
TI  - [Interpretation of spirometry measurements and of insufflation pressure].

PMID- 3851493
TI  - [Bronchial and alveolar toilet of patients with artificial respiration. General
      principles].

PMID- 3851494
TI  - [Liquifaction of bronchial secretions].

PMID- 3851495
TI  - [Postural exercise therapy for ventilated patients].

PMID- 3851496
TI  - [Infectious complications of cannulas].

PMID- 3851497
TI  - [The risk of infection in medical intensive care].

PMID- 3851498
TI  - [The risk of infection for health care personnel].

PMID- 3851500
TI  - [Water-electrolyte balance. An example of computer use].

PMID- 3851499
TI  - [The shower-stretcher. A bathing technic for patients hospitalised in intensive
      care].

PMID- 3851502
TI  - [Weaning from mechanical ventilation].

PMID- 3851501
TI  - [Pleural drainage].

PMID- 3851503
TI  - [Training of student nurses in intensive care].

PMID- 3851504
TI  - [Interpretation of an electrocardiogram in intensive care].

PMID- 3851505
TI  - [Sampling technics in virologic diagnosis. Isolation of the virus and measurement
      of antiviral antibodies].

PMID- 3851506
TI  - [Being a nurse in the school milieu].

PMID- 3851507
TI  - [Aspects of tuberculosis in France].

PMID- 3851508
TI  - [Technic. Implantable port for perfusions].

PMID- 3851509
TI  - [Sterility of tubal origin].

PMID- 3851510
TI  - [Polyglobulia].

PMID- 3851512
TI  - [Food (II)].

PMID- 3851511
TI  - Antileukoprotease in patients with maxillary sinusitis.
AB  - Antileukoprotease, an inhibitor of leukocyte elastase, was studied in paired sera
      from 12 patients with maxillary sinusitis. The serum concentration of
      antileukoprotease was increased at the day of admission to hospital, compared
      with the serum concentration in convalescence sera. In purulent maxillary sinus
      secretions antileukoprotease was found in complex with leukocyte elastase, as
      shown by gel filtration. The findings suggest a local protective function of
      antileukoprotease in maxillary sinus.

PMID- 3851513
TI  - [Perfusion pumps].

PMID- 3851514
TI  - [Nursing studies curriculum?].

PMID- 3851515
TI  - [Acute myocardial infarction and sex behavior].

PMID- 3851516
TI  - [The role of nursing in the prevention of blindness due to retrolental
      fibroplasia].

PMID- 3851517
TI  - [Interview with Dr. D. Ricardo Gutierrez Marti, general subdirector of INSALUD
      hospital treatment].

PMID- 3851518
TI  - [Management of a solid organ bank].

PMID- 3851519
TI  - [The transplantation coordinator: functions and profile].

PMID- 3851520
TI  - [How to plan and apply a budget].

PMID- 3851521
TI  - [Factors which influence operating room budgets].

PMID- 3851522
TI  - How to plan a can't-miss staff meeting.

PMID- 3851523
TI  - What Rosie taught us about dying.

PMID- 3851524
TI  - Flu: how to protect your high-risk patients.

PMID- 3851526
TI  - Nursing pay: who's doing best now?

PMID- 3851525
TI  - A survival guide to floating.

PMID- 3851527
TI  - Is that geriatric patient really ready to go home?

PMID- 3851528
TI  - Medication aids your elderly patients will love.

PMID- 3851529
TI  - A drug you can't overuse.

PMID- 3851530
TI  - When your patient faces a urostomy.

PMID- 3851531
TI  - Straight talk from a hospital attorney.

PMID- 3851533
TI  - A new way to help diabetics eat right.

PMID- 3851532
TI  - Are you all at sea when you float?

PMID- 3851534
TI  - The challenge of cost containment.

PMID- 3851535
TI  - How to talk back without raising your voice.

PMID- 3851536
TI  - Patient's advocate. Do you see only the medical priorities?

PMID- 3851537
TI  - Do you know what those swabs and bandages cost?

PMID- 3851539
TI  - Alzheimer's disease: making the most of the time that's left.

PMID- 3851538
TI  - What to do after CPR. How to help the patient get the air he needs.

PMID- 3851540
TI  - Emergency! Dealing with head and neck injuries.

PMID- 3851541
TI  - When you have to draw blood from a femoral vein.

PMID- 3851542
TI  - The new drugs your patients are getting now.

PMID- 3851544
TI  - Infection control is your job, too.

PMID- 3851543
TI  - Why you need your own malpractice policy.

PMID- 3851545
TI  - What bilirubin tests can tell you.

PMID- 3851546
TI  - Changing the Act to reflect today's realities.

PMID- 3851547
TI  - Protecting the quality of nursing care in B.C. Part II. The development of labor
      relations.

PMID- 3851548
TI  - The private hell of Alzheimer's disease. A day in the life of the UBC Alzheimer's
      clinic.

PMID- 3851549
TI  - Nursing abroad: it's not for everyone.

PMID- 3851550
TI  - Patients helping patients.

PMID- 3851551
TI  - [Morphine].

PMID- 3851552
TI  - [Sterile bandage using an application of Corticotulle].

PMID- 3851553
TI  - [Digestive disorders induced by chemotherapeutic treatment].

PMID- 3851554
TI  - [Method of evaluating antiemetic treatment].

PMID- 3851555
TI  - [Alternatives to hospitalization in hemato-oncology].

PMID- 3851556
TI  - [The day hospital].

PMID- 3851557
TI  - [Hospitalization at home by the Public Assistance agency].

PMID- 3851558
TI  - [Home care services with Health-Service].

PMID- 3851559
TI  - [Weekly hospitalization].

PMID- 3851560
TI  - [Possibility of integrating the family in a special unit. The point of view of a
      psychiatrist].

PMID- 3851561
TI  - [The possibility of integrating the family in a special unit. The point of view
      of the nurse].

PMID- 3851562
TI  - [Central catheters].

PMID- 3851563
TI  - [Committee for Hygiene, Safety and Working Conditions].

PMID- 3851564
TI  - [Care of catheters].

PMID- 3851565
TI  - [Indications for and placement of catheters in the hospital and at home].

PMID- 3851566
TI  - [Catheters and infections].

PMID- 3851567
TI  - [Handling of antimitotic agents. Precautions to be taken].

PMID- 3851568
TI  - [Ludiomil].

PMID- 3851569
TI  - [The art therapy workshop: as many roles as places. Report of 3 facilities].

PMID- 3851570
TI  - [The earth-element in modelling].

PMID- 3851571
TI  - [Art therapy. Specter and image].

PMID- 3851572
TI  - [You said art-therapist?].

PMID- 3851573
TI  - [Art and art-therapy or the road of a non-conformist therapist. Apropos of a
      case].

PMID- 3851574
TI  - [States of psychomotor agitation].

PMID- 3851575
TI  - [Nurses and touch].

PMID- 3851576
TI  - [The use of "art"--creation or plastic expression--in psychotherapy, its
      specificity and relation to verbal psychotherapy].

PMID- 3851577
TI  - [The future of care records. How to surmount the difficulties in their use].

PMID- 3851578
TI  - [The workshop, an institutional place].

PMID- 3851579
TI  - [Preparing a patient for coronarography].

PMID- 3851580
TI  - [Measurement of pulse and arterial pressure].

PMID- 3851581
TI  - [Patient hygiene].

PMID- 3851582
TI  - [Visceral amebiasis].

PMID- 3851583
TI  - [Clinical forms and diagnosis of colonic amebiasis].

PMID- 3851585
TI  - [Hepatic amebiasis acquired in Guiana. Report of a case].

PMID- 3851584
TI  - [Treatment of amebiasis].

PMID- 3851586
TI  - [Epidemiology of amebiasis].

PMID- 3851587
TI  - [Monitoring of a patient with a pacemaker].

PMID- 3851589
TI  - [Protocol and technic in artificial donor insemination].

PMID- 3851588
TI  - [Diagnosis of amebiasis].

PMID- 3851590
TI  - [Specimen collection technics in the assessment of infertility].

PMID- 3851592
TI  - [In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer].

PMID- 3851591
TI  - [Secondary sterility].

PMID- 3851593
TI  - [Management of a sterile couple].

PMID- 3851594
TI  - [Prevention of sterility].

PMID- 3851595
TI  - [Toys. Their role in the psychomotor and affective development of young
      children].

PMID- 3851596
TI  - [The day hospital in pediatric surgery].

PMID- 3851597
TI  - [The premature infant. Its first communications].

PMID- 3851598
TI  - A special report on the clinical nurse specialist. Unlocking the door: keys to
      success.

PMID- 3851599
TI  - Faculty practice: a philosophical issue for the '80s.

PMID- 3851600
TI  - Ethical considerations in nursing education & practice.

PMID- 3851601
TI  - Nurse educators! Where are we headed?

PMID- 3851602
TI  - Computers to the OR--STAT! Part 2.

PMID- 3851604
TI  - Free-standing surgery: what's in it for you?

PMID- 3851603
TI  - Are you safe in the OR?

PMID- 3851605
TI  - Reporting incompetent or unethical behavior: an ethical and legal dilemma.

PMID- 3851606
TI  - The SV40 T-antigen gene can have two introns.
AB  - F8dl is an SV40 early-region mutant that lacks over 60% of the DNA sequences
      normally used to encode large T antigen. This mutant employs a novel splice donor
      junction at nucleotide 4425 to produce a family of doubly spliced messages. A
      similar splicing pattern with wild-type SV40 mRNA has been observed, indicating
      that the wild-type gene for T antigen can also have two introns. A single G-to-T
      base change at nucleotide 4425 is sufficient to eliminate this novel donor splice
      junction.

PMID- 3851607
TI  - "Let me win--but if I cannot, let me be brave in the attempt".

PMID- 3851608
TI  - The role of the anaesthetic nurse.

PMID- 3851609
TI  - [Clinical symptoms and findings in the upper airway of soot-exposed workers].
AB  - Under conditions of the channel black technique of the carbon black producing
      factory in Oranienburg, DDR, some inhalative noxious agents are discussed,
      especially dust of carbon black in concentrations three times higher than
      permitted and the climate is causing aggravated conditions. 58 still exposed, 35
      formerly exposed workers and 60 control persons of the same age and smoking
      habits were asked using a questionnaire and they were examined clinically to find
      out disturbances of health in the upper airways. Complaints concerning chronic
      rhinitis partly complicated by crusts and sanguineous nasal secretion more
      frequently had been stated by exposed workers compared to the control persons.
      The rhinoscopical findings of the exposed workers and control persons are
      emphasizing the case history details. By it, more severe chronical mucosal
      findings were diagnosed in 29 percent of the exposed, but only in 9 percent of
      the control persons. Obstructions of the nasal breathing are not to be related to
      the profession in spite of the significant differences of the anamnestical data
      and clinical findings. On the contrary the disorders of smell seem to be more
      important concerning the soot exposed workers. The roentgenological findings of
      the paranasal sinus and the cytological results of nasal secretion do'nt give
      further hints. The importance of an exposition of more than 10 years is apparent
      concerning the described morbid changes. Significant fewer complaints concerning
      the ENT were stated by the formerly exposed workers than the still exposed.
      Special examinations by an ENT physician should be performed on workers exposed
      to carbon black having already longer persistent complaints particularly
      concerning chronical mucosal findings and disorders of smell.

PMID- 3851610
TI  - [Clinical symptoms and findings in the lower airways of soot-exposed workers].
AB  - Eighty three still exposed and 46 formerly exposed workers, exposed especially to
      dust of carbon black and extreme heat climate conditions up to 2 and 30 years,
      were asked using a standardized questionnaire concerning complaints of the lower
      airways. The workers were investigated clinically, by X-rays and functionally to
      find out disturbances of health in the lower airways. The sputum was investigated
      cytologically. Moreover, the certificates of death were checked. The results were
      compared to those of 144 control persons living in the same region. The still
      exposed and the formerly exposed workers were suffering from chronic bronchitis,
      from non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity and from obstructive ventilatory
      disturbances in dependence on the duration of exposition more frequently than the
      control persons. But the mean values of the one-second value of forced expiratory
      volume in per cent of the vital capacity of every group were not different.
      Severe disturbances of the lung function were stated in some cases mostly exposed
      more than 20 years. On 3 workers, exposed more than 20 years, roentgenological
      signs of a pneumoconiosis were diagnosed demonstrating the fibrogenic effect of
      carbon black. The cytological findings of sputum didn't show any new aspects.
      Compared to the other people no deviating frequencies of causes of death were
      found, especially not more cases with neoplasma. The mostly less frequencies of
      symptoms and findings of the formally exposed workers were estimated as a hint
      for regression of the disturbance. The expected dependence of the signs on
      smoking habits was not recognized. So the exposition described was emphasized as
      a professional noxious factor, particularly as compared to the control persons
      important differences were found and the influence of the duration of exposition
      on the symptoms and findings was significant. Workers exposed to soot suffering
      from chronic bronchitis, nonspecific hyperreactivity, and especially obstructive
      ventilatory disturbances should be held in pulmonary dispensary in time.

PMID- 3851612
TI  - What the community expects from a nurse on duty.

PMID- 3851611
TI  - Inhibitor activity against elastolytic enzymes in the bronchial area. A
      contribution to the pathogenesis of chronic airway obstruction.
AB  - In the bronchial mucus of patients with long-term airway obstruction free
      elastolytic activities are observed. These originate from leucocytes with
      polymorphous nuclei and may cause the digestion of lung tissue and thus an
      emphysematous lung metaplasia. It is known that the supersensitivity of bronchial
      musculature increases due to the influence of proteolytic ferments. For the
      inhibition of elastolytic enzymes, specific, acid-proof, low-molecular inhibitory
      substances are available. We were able to measure three of them in bronchial
      mucus against different substrates; i.e. against substrates for trypsin, pancreas
      elastase and leucocyte elastase. Our results show that the free inhibitor
      preparation decreases if free elastolytic activity in bronchial mucus is measured
      and is no longer available if the concentration decreases. It was also found that
      the concentration of secretory IGA decreases if the elastolytic activity
      increases. Thus, it is possible that the secretory IGA molecule is attacked by
      proteolytic enzymes. It is known that in case of chronic obstructive airway
      diseases lysozyme is released from leucocytes with polymorphous nuclei; in case
      of silicosis, from macrophages as well. In this study, the lysozyme concentration
      served as measurement for cell decomposition. The observation showed that in
      spite of the same lysozyme levels the elastolytic activity in patients can be
      very different. It is in strong connection with the available inhibitor capacity.
      Regarding the clinical evaluation can be concluded that some patients show a lack
      of secretory inhibitors. On a long-term basis, this lack can lead to the
      formation of emphysemata.

PMID- 3851613
TI  - Management of time.

PMID- 3851614
TI  - Nurses anxiety while caring for terminally ill patients.

PMID- 3851616
TI  - Nurse speak up!

PMID- 3851615
TI  - A study on incidents of stillbirths in Ndola Central Hospital.

PMID- 3851617
TI  - Accident and emergency nursing.

PMID- 3851618
TI  - Science. 1985 AARN Convention: keynote address.

PMID- 3851619
TI  - Hospitalization of the computer.

PMID- 3851620
TI  - Pathogenicity and virulence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: slime
      layer production.
AB  - Nine methicillin-resistant (MR) mutants and three methicillin-sensitive (MS)
      substrains, all derived from naturally occurring heteroresistant isolates of
      Staphylococcus aureus were examined for slime production. All strains showed an
      increased mucoid character when cultured on a modified Staphylococcus Medium No.
      110. The uranic acid content of the slime layer ranged from 2% to 6% in the MR
      mutants and from 1.3% to 5.1% in the MS substrains. The amount of uronic acid per
      g of dry bacteria ranged from 82.5 mg to 143.8 mg in the MR mutants, and between
      51.4 mg and 98.8 mg in the MS substrains. In 3 pairs of MR mutants and MS
      substrains originating from the same parents, the MR cells possessed more of
      uronic acid than their MS counterparts. The partially purified polysaccharide
      part of the slime contained D-galactose, D-mannose, D-xylose, D-galacturonic
      acid, D-galactosamine and D-glucuronic acid in all strains studied. Its
      quantitative composition was identical in each pair of the MR mutant and MS
      substrain; there were, however, considerable differences among the strains and
      between the pairs. Methicillin resistance and slime formation seem to be
      independent properties in S. aureus. The presumable significance of the readiness
      of slime production by MR cocci during infections is discussed.

PMID- 3851621
TI  - [Clinical and experimental studies on the pathogenicity of clinical isolated
      Citrobacter freundii].
AB  - Clinical and fundamental studies were performed using Citrobacter freundii
      isolated from urine specimens of in- and out-patients between January 1980 and
      July 1981. The C. freundii (greater than 10(4)/ml) isolated from urine was
      closely related to chronic complicated urinary tract infection. MICs of
      pyridonecarbonic acids (ENX, OFLX and NFLX) and CMX against C. freundii were low.
      Pyridonecarbonic acids (ENX, OFLX and NFLX) and CMX showed good therapeutic
      effects against the experimental ascending pyelonephritis of mice according to
      their MICs. Against the experimental ascending pyelonephritis of cyclophosphamide
      treated mice, pyridonecarbonic acids (ENX, OFLX and NFLX) showed good therapeutic
      effects. Experimental intraperitoneal infection of mice was made easily with a
      low inoculation dose by adding mucin. Pyridonecarbonic acids (ENX, OFLX and NFLX)
      and CMX showed good therapeutic effects against this experimental model.
      Experimental respiratory tract infection could not be made in the mice with the
      organism isolated from urine.

PMID- 3851622
TI  - How do you teach female self-catheterization?

PMID- 3851623
TI  - A case of patient abuse.

PMID- 3851624
TI  - A nurses' clinic for the homeless.

PMID- 3851625
TI  - The ostomy. Why is it created?

PMID- 3851626
TI  - The ostomy. How is it managed?

PMID- 3851627
TI  - The ostomy. What do you teach the patient?

PMID- 3851628
TI  - Evaluating blood glucose monitors.

PMID- 3851629
TI  - Patient power.

PMID- 3851630
TI  - Music's soothing charms.

PMID- 3851631
TI  - Altered thoughts or altered perceptions?

PMID- 3851632
TI  - Putting peer review into practice.

PMID- 3851633
TI  - Vicky.

PMID- 3851634
TI  - An outbreak of nosocomial Acinetobacter infections from humidifiers.

PMID- 3851635
TI  - Infection control practitioners: who are we?

PMID- 3851636
TI  - [Antibiotic-resistant coliforms in a purification station on a pig-breeding
      farm].
AB  - The survival of antibiotic-resistant enteric bacteria in the effluent treatment
      plant of a pig farm was studied by quantitative determinations of resistant and
      sensitive populations at different sites of the effluent purification process.
      The effluent treatment system, combining storage and aeration tanks, reduced the
      concentration of enteric organisms in the output of the plant to about one-tenth
      of the concentration found in the incoming untreated slurry. This reduction
      occurred mainly at the level of the aerated tank and was observed for the total
      population of enteric organisms as well as for the various populations resistant
      to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin and tetracycline
      respectively. Moreover, no particular sequence of resistances seems to have been
      selected during treatment. Storage and aeration of pig slurry before disposal
      reduces the risk of dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria of animal
      origin in the environment, as compared to the frequent direct spreading of
      untreated effluents.

PMID- 3851637
TI  - Serum protein polymorphism among Tunisian Berbers: haptoglobin, transferrin and
      group-specific component subtypes, C3 and BF types.
AB  - The polymorphism of serum proteins (Hp, Tf, Gc, C3 and BF) was determined on 210
      samples belonging to Berber groups living in three regions of Tunisian. The gene
      frequencies obtained among the Berbers are different from the the values observed
      among the other Tunisians. These frequencies differ also within the three-Berber
      communities. The data collected show that the actual Berber community is
      genetically heterogeneous. Despite the presence of some African admixture, the
      gene pool of the Berbers from Tunisia shows large homologies with Middle Eastern
      groups rather than similarities with North African populations.

PMID- 3851638
TI  - OR nurse purchasing influence. Results of a recent survey.

PMID- 3851639
TI  - Purchasing power. The perioperative nurse's role.

PMID- 3851640
TI  - Cleft palate repair. Surgical procedure and nursing care.
AB  - The effects of the disability have decreased over the years as methods of
      habilitation have improved--the now successful surgical techniques followed by
      more normal development. The battle is not over, though, because society still
      attaches a stigma to this anomaly and the speech and hearing handicaps that can
      result. It remains a challenge to the resources of the cleft palate team nurse to
      deal with the adverse forces of nature in the habilitation process, as well as
      the discriminatory attitudes of society toward the patient. The reward is the
      satisfaction derived from contributing to this life-changing treatment.

PMID- 3851641
TI  - We missed you. A program to control absenteeism.

PMID- 3851642
TI  - Perioperative nursing. A survey of schools.

PMID- 3851643
TI  - Proposed recommended practices. Basic aseptic technique.

PMID- 3851644
TI  - Proposed recommended practices. Documentation of perioperative nursing care. AORN
      Recommended Practices Subcommittee of the TPCC.

PMID- 3851645
TI  - Treatment of bladder tumors with an Nd: YAG laser.

PMID- 3851646
TI  - Vanadate enhancement of the oxidation of NADH by O2-: effects of phosphate and
      chelating agents.
AB  - Vanadate markedly stimulates the oxidation of NADH by O2-. Both phosphate and
      Tris are inhibitory, but phosphate diminishes the greater inhibitory effect of
      Tris and thus gives the appearance of stimulating when added to Tris-buffered
      reaction mixtures. Chelating agents moderately increased the oxidation of NADH
      but eliminated the much greater catalytic effect of vanadate. Desferal was the
      most effective of the chelating agents, and could be used to titrate vanadate
      spectrophotometrically or in terms of the diminution of its catalytic activity.
      This permitted the demonstration that metavanadate or orthovanadate could form
      1:1 complexes with desferal and that orthovanadate was the catalytically active
      species.

PMID- 3851647
TI  - Urinary kallikrein excretion in children of parents with essential hypertension.
AB  - Twelve hour urinary kallikrein excretion was measured in 18 healthy children of
      parents with essential hypertension and in 47 healthy children of parents without
      this disorder. No statistically significant difference was observed between the
      two groups of children.

PMID- 3851648
TI  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: the nurse's role.

PMID- 3851649
TI  - Pericardial effusion in the uremic patient: nursing considerations and
      management.

PMID- 3851650
TI  - Therapeutic aphoresis in the dialysis unit.

PMID- 3851651
TI  - Comparison of two techniques for percutaneous peritoneal dialysis catheter
      placement.

PMID- 3851652
TI  - Bolus administration of streptokinase to declot thrombosed arteriovenous
      accesses.

PMID- 3851653
TI  - Nephrology nursing consult: case study.

PMID- 3851654
TI  - Bolus administration of streptokinase to declot thrombosed arteriovenous
      accesses. Research critique.

PMID- 3851655
TI  - A new instant cryoprotectant for human sperm.
AB  - A new instant cryoprotectant, mainly containing culture medium, human serum
      albumin, and kallikrein, and its laboratory handling in the cryoprotection of
      semen are described. A comparative study distributed to three cryobiological
      centers using either egg yolk citrate medium or instant cryoprotectant showed
      that neither had a significantly better or worse mean percentage recovery rate.
      The advantage of the new instant cryoprotectant presented consists clinically in
      the absence of egg yolk and technically in its easy handling. Therefore, ICP is
      judged as an alternative to ECM in the cryopreservation of human sperm.

PMID- 3851656
TI  - Variations in sheep serum conglutinating complement activity and pathway involved
      in reactivity with sheep erythrocytes sensitized by rabbit antibody.
AB  - Based on conglutination tests with the sheep E-rabbit A indicator system, three
      types of sheep sera were encountered. Type 1 sera failed to directly conglutinate
      or sensitize sheep E-rabbit A for conglutination by bovine conglutinin. Type 2
      sera also failed to directly conglutinate sheep E-rabbit A but sensitized the
      indicator for conglutination by bovine conglutinin. Type 3 sera both directly
      conglutinated and sensitized sheep E-rabbit A for conglutination. Changes in
      serum type were induced in sheep by venepuncture (type 1 to type 2) or
      venepuncture and an intraperitoneal injection of yeast cells (type 2 to type 3).
      Direct conglutinating activity of type 3 sera was inhibited by heating serum at
      50 degrees C for 30 min and was not restored by alternative activation pathway
      factor B. Chelation of Ca2+ in type 2 and 3 sera blocked sensitization of sheep E
      rabbit A for conglutination by bovine conglutinin, indicating that the classical
      activation pathway was involved.

PMID- 3851657
TI  - Reflections on the ICN Congress.

PMID- 3851658
TI  - Nursing at the crossroads--again.

PMID- 3851660
TI  - Living will legislation for Arizona.

PMID- 3851659
TI  - Malpractice insurance: can nurse-midwifery meet the challenge?

PMID- 3851661
TI  - 51V-n.m.r. analysis of the binding of vanadium(V) oligoanions to sarcoplasmic
      reticulum.
AB  - The binding of mono- and oligo-vanadates to sarcoplasmic reticulum was analysed
      by 51V-n.m.r. spectroscopy. The observations indicate that, in addition to
      monovanadate, the di-, tetra- and deca-vanadates are also bound to sarcoplasmic
      reticulum membranes with high affinity. The binding of the vanadate oligoanions
      may explain some of the effects of vanadates on the conformation and
      crystallization of Ca2+-transport ATPase.

PMID- 3851662
TI  - Questions about the behavioral effects of obstetric medications.

PMID- 3851663
TI  - Epidural and no epidural anesthesia: differences between mothers and their
      experience of birth.

PMID- 3851664
TI  - Antenatal counseling for women working outside the home.

PMID- 3851665
TI  - High risk infant: concerns of the mother after discharge.

PMID- 3851666
TI  - The WHO code for the marketing of breast-milk substitutes.

PMID- 3851667
TI  - Personal construct psychology: a theoretical and methodological framework for
      nursing research.

PMID- 3851668
TI  - Using personal construct theory to assess a midwives' refresher course.

PMID- 3851669
TI  - Leg ulcer management at home.

PMID- 3851670
TI  - Morbid obesity as a nursing challenge.

PMID- 3851671
TI  - Nursing research: a major feature of a Victorian degree program.

PMID- 3851672
TI  - Nursing citizenship--a neglected issue.

PMID- 3851673
TI  - Tissue-specific expression of kallikrein-related genes in the rat.
AB  - Four distinct kallikrein-related mRNAs (PS, S1, S2, and S3), encoded by members
      of a multigene family, are selectively expressed in various combinations in
      several rat tissues. Although closely related along most of the mRNA sequence,
      the four mRNAs can be selectively detected with synthetic oligonucleotide probes
      complementary to highly variable mRNA subregions. PS mRNA, which encodes an
      enzyme with true kallikrein activity, is present at high levels in the
      submaxillary gland, pancreas, and kidney. S1 mRNA, which encodes an enzyme
      similar to the PS kallikrein, is detected only in the submaxillary gland and is
      present at one-fifth the PS mRNA level. S2 mRNA, which encodes the enzyme tonin,
      is present in the submaxillary gland at half the PS mRNA level and at a slightly
      higher level in the prostate. S3 mRNA, which encodes an enzyme very similar to
      tonin, is present in the submaxillary gland at one-tenth the PS mRNA level and in
      the prostate at about the same level as tonin mRNA.

PMID- 3851674
TI  - ATP activation of protein degradation by extracts of crude and purified lysosomal
      preparations.
AB  - Activation of proteolysis by ATP was studied in lysates of crude and purified
      lysosomal preparations from liver and kidney at acid pH. In the crude system,
      from kidney, it was found that ATP activates proteolysis over a concentration
      range of 0.1-2 mM. Up to 4-fold activation was observed. GTP and CTP also
      activated proteolysis, but to a lesser extent. Proteolysis was inhibited by
      vanadate and molybdate. Fractionation of the kidney lysosomes on Percoll
      gradients produced two fractions containing lysosomal marker enzymes. Most of the
      acid phosphatase and the acid pyrophosphatase were found in the lighter band,
      while most of the beta-galactosidase and cathepsin activity was found in a more
      dense band. Proteolysis by lysates of both fractions was activated by ATP and
      inhibited by vanadate and molybdate. In the dense band proteolysis was also
      nearly totally blocked by pepstatin, and was enhanced by an inhibitor of
      pyrophosphatases, sodium fluoride. ATP also activates proteolysis in crude
      lysosomes from liver, but upon fractionation of this tissue it was found that all
      the lysosomal enzyme markers are present in the dense fraction obtained from the
      Percoll gradient. Again, proteolysis by lysates of the purified fractions was
      activated by ATP and inhibited by vanadate and molybdate. These data indicate
      that ATP can activate proteolysis at acid pH in a lysosomal milieu containing
      enzymes which also catalyze its breakdown. In the kidney there may be two
      lysosomal compartments which separate the enzymes catalyzing ATP breakdown from
      the proteolytic enzymes, but this is not essential for ATP activation as shown by
      the data from the liver and the crude lysosomal fractions.

PMID- 3851675
TI  - Iron stores in female blood donors evaluated by serum ferritin.
AB  - Iron stores were evaluated by serum ferritin determinations in 948 menstruating
      and 141 non-menstruating female blood donors. Blood donation was associated with
      a decrease in ferritin. First-time donors (n = 163) had a geometric mean ferritin
      of 24 micrograms/l and multiple-time donors a value of 19 micrograms/l (p less
      than 0.01). In the donating population 31.5% had ferritin values less than 15
      micrograms/l (i.e. depleted iron stores). Menstruating donors had lower mean
      serum ferritin than non-menstruating donors (p less than 0.001), and a higher
      frequency of ferritin values less than 15 micrograms/l (p less than 0.05). There
      was no relationship between ferritin levels and the number of pregnancies. The
      frequency of donations was more predictive of ferritin levels than the number of
      donations. Mean ferritin displayed a moderate fall up to the 2nd donation, and
      was hereafter relatively constant, whereas an increase in donation frequency was
      accompanied by a significant decrease in ferritin. Female donors, especially when
      phlebotomised greater than or equal to 3 times per year, should have their iron
      status checked at appropriate intervals by measurement of serum ferritin and
      should be advised regular iron supplementation.

PMID- 3851676
TI  - An examination of the use of interactive videodisc cardiopulmonary resuscitation
      instruction for the lay community.

PMID- 3851677
TI  - The clinically focused descriptive study. Methods of obtaining a complete and
      accurate coding of observational data.

PMID- 3851678
TI  - Assessing readiness for interaction with computers in medical centers.

PMID- 3851679
TI  - Guilt and bereavement: a review.

PMID- 3851680
TI  - Learning to live with loss.

PMID- 3851681
TI  - Loss of a loved one.

PMID- 3851682
TI  - Recognizing and helping victims of torture.

PMID- 3851683
TI  - Emergency airport style.

PMID- 3851684
TI  - The real world of the nurse educator.

PMID- 3851685
TI  - Caring for the elderly relative at home.

PMID- 3851686
TI  - Elder abuse: it's time we did something about it.

PMID- 3851687
TI  - Supporting the breastfeeding mother.

PMID- 3851688
TI  - And last of all hope.

PMID- 3851689
TI  - A survey of postnatal educational programs in British Columbia, Alberta and
      Saskatchewan hospitals.

PMID- 3851690
TI  - Antitumor activities and tumor necrosis factor producibility of traditional
      Chinese medicines and crude drugs.
AB  - The antitumor activities and capacity for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production
      of traditional Chinese herbal preparations (Zhu-ling-tang, Xiao-chai-hu-tang),
      crude drugs (Polyporus, Hoelen, Bupleuri radix, Angelica radix, Cnidii rhizoma,
      Cinnamomum cortex), and Krestin (PSK) were investigated. These drugs were given
      to DDY mice in the drinking water before and after transplantation of Ehrlich
      tumors, and the development of the intradermally transplanted Ehrlich tumors and
      survival rate were observed. A good survival rate and sometimes a complete cure
      were found in the groups administered Bupleuri radix, Xiao-chai-hu-tang, Angelica
      radix, or Cinnamomum cortex, while the group given Hoelen showed poor results. To
      examine the capacity for TNF production these drugs were given to DDY mice PO as
      initial stimulating agents, to stimulate the reticuloendothelial system (RES)
      prior to lipopolysaccharide injection. The TNF activity was tested from the
      cytotoxicity against L cells. Significant differences in capacity for TNF
      production were observed among the drugs. Relatively high levels of TNF activity
      were noted in the groups given Angelica radix, Bupleuri radix, Cnidii rhizoma, or
      Cinnamomum cortex, very low activities in the groups given Xiao-chai-hu-tang, Zhu
      ling-tang, or Krestin, and no TNF activities in the groups given Polyporus or
      Hoelen. The TNF capacity for production broadly paralleled the survival rate of
      the mice transplanted to Ehrlich tumors. Our findings suggest that one mechanism
      underlying the antitumor activities of these drugs is based on stimulation of the
      RES and is closely related of TNF production.

PMID- 3851691
TI  - Induction of tumouricidal leucocytes by the intranasal application of MTP-PE, a
      lipophilic muramyl peptide.
AB  - Single intranasal applications of MTP-PE, a lipophilic muramyl peptide, induce
      tumouricidal and tumouristatic leucocytes in the lungs of rats. In ex vivo assays
      the tumouristatic activity was detectable for 8 days after drug administration.
      By separation of the effector cells on Ficoll-Hypaque gradients, it was shown
      that both neutrophils and macrophages are responsible for this activity. Using
      the B16/BL6 melanoma system in mice, there was a high survival rate after
      repeated intranasal applications of MTP-PE.

PMID- 3851692
TI  - Immune functions and the prognosis of patients with solid tumours.
AB  - The immune competence of 169 patients with solid malignant tumours was assessed
      before initiation of radiotherapy or chemotherapy and followed during the course
      of the disease. The data of years 1974-1984 were collected and subjected to an
      analysis in order to evaluate their prognostic significance. The number of
      leucocytes and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, the percentage or absolute
      number of E-rosette forming cells or EAC-rosette forming cells or serum
      immunoglobulin levels did not show any association with the prognosis. Lymphocyte
      proliferative responses to PHA, Con A and PPD as studied before initiation of the
      treatment did not correlate with recurrence or final prognosis of the disease,
      except that the responses to PPD were slightly lower in patients with recurrence
      of gynaecological cancer, melanoma or gastrointestinal cancer than in their
      respective control patients. In the values observed after the first treatment
      course a low response to PPD was associated with poor prognosis in patients with
      melanoma or gastrointestinal cancer. At the time of recurrent disease the PPD
      response showed an association with a poor final outcome in patients with
      gastrointestinal malignancy. Of the responses assessed less than 3 months before
      death due to cancer, only in patients with breast cancer were low Con A responses
      seen; in all patient groups the PHA responses decreased in the terminal patients.
      The results do not support the idea that the methods currently available should
      be routinely used in the follow-up of cancer patients; rather, they indicate the
      need to seek new methods for this purpose.

PMID- 3851693
TI  - Decreased monocyte-mediated cytostasis of human cancer cell in patients with lung
      cancer.
AB  - In vivo animal studies support the concept that monocytes and macrophages are
      important in the immune surveillance of oncogenesis and that in vitro activated
      murine macrophages are cytocidal for tumour cells. In this study, the tumour cell
      cytotoxic activity of human peripheral blood monocytes was examined by measuring
      the inhibition of 3H-thymidine uptake in the human cancer cell line, established
      in our laboratory from human squamous cell lung cancer. The monocytes from 8 of
      the 31 lung cancer patients (26%) showed a percentage growth inhibition of less
      than 69.8%, which exceeded the 95% confidence limits of the percentage growth
      inhibition observed with healthy control monocytes. On the other hand, among the
      16 sarcoidosis and the 8 tuberculosis cases no value was below 69.8%. However,
      there was no significant difference between the growth inhibition and the
      clinical stages or histological type. When OK-432, a Streptococcal agent, was
      administered in vivo to patients with lung cancer, an elevation of the growth
      inhibition was observed in 7 out of 8 patients. It was confirmed that the tumour
      cell cytostatic activity of the monocyte is suppressed in patients with lung
      cancer, and these monocyte deficits hinder the inhibition of tumour growth and
      metastasis.

PMID- 3851694
TI  - Comparison of patterns of hybrid resistance to the BALB/c plasmacytomas LPC-1 and
      MPC-11.
AB  - Patterns of genetic control of hybrid resistance to the BALB/c plasmacytoma LPC-1
      were studied for comparison with those to MPC-11, a plasmacytoma investigated
      previously. The overall patterns of hybrid resistance to the two tumors were
      similar, i.e., hybrids between BALB/c and BALB congenic resistant (CR) strains, A
      and A CR strains, SJL and DBA/2 were as susceptible to LPC-1 as BALB/c mice
      themselves, whereas hybrids between BALB/c and AKR, C57BL/Ks, DBA/1, C57BL/6
      (B6), C57BL/10 (B10) and B10 CR strains were resistant to LPC-1 as previously
      shown with MPC-11. Heterozygosity within the H-2 complex alone was insufficient
      for resistance to either tumor. Among hybrids between BALB/c and the B10 CR
      strains, however, the presence of certain H-2 haplotypes influenced the degree of
      resistance seen and this H-2 effect was different for the two tumors. A sex
      effect on resistance to LPC-1, but not to MPC-11, was seen among F1 hybrids
      between BALB/c and DBA/1 although not in any other F1 hybrids. Among ((B10 X
      BALB/c)F1 X BALB/c) and (BALB/c X (B10 X BALB/c)F1) and ((BALB/c X B10)F1 X
      BALB/c) and ((BALB/c X B10)F1 X BALB/c) backcross mice, however, significantly
      more males than females were resistant to LPC-1 and the results of this study are
      compatible with the idea that in F1 hybrids between BALB/c and B10, resistance to
      LPC-1 is controlled by two dominant autosomal genes, one of which is sex-limited
      and neither of which is linked to H-2. In contrast, hybrid resistance to MPC-11
      in this cross is controlled by a single gene. Cross-protection experiments
      indicated that the two tumors share at least one tumor-associated transplantation
      antigen.

PMID- 3851695
TI  - In vitro cloning of tumor stem cells in semi-solid media containing agar and
      agarose.
AB  - The formation of tumor stem cell colonies in vitro has been studied by comparing
      the growth of three mouse teratocarcinoma derived cell lines and one human
      teratocarcinoma derived cell line in semi-solid media containing either agar or
      agarose. We show that agaroses should be used in higher concentrations than agar
      to obtain comparable results. The maximum number of colonies were obtained in
      agarose over a broader range of concentrations (1%-4% for SeaPrep and 0.5%-2% for
      SeaPlaque agarose) than in agar, which allowed anchorage-independent growth of
      tumor cells only over a narrow concentration range (0.3%-0.5%). Overall, the
      preparation of media containing agarose was less cumbersome than preparation of
      agar-containing media, primarily because agaroses gelled more slowly and remained
      liquid in the physiological temperature range. Furthermore, the transfer of
      colonies from semi-solid media containing agarose to solid surface tissue culture
      dishes was much more efficient than the transfer of colonies from agar. The stock
      solutions of SeaPrep agarose could be kept ready for use for extended periods of
      time. All these features show that the low melting point agarose has considerable
      advantages over agar for preparation of semi-solid media for anchorage
      independent tumor cell growth.

PMID- 3851696
TI  - Tumour necrosis factor and the lysosomal enzymes of macrophages or macrophage
      like cell line.
AB  - The relationship between tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and macrophages or
      macrophage-like cell line, especially the lysosomal enzymes was investigated. The
      serum lysosomal enzymes and LDH activities were increased in proportion to the
      TNF production even in different strains of mice. Lysosomal enzymes and TNF
      activity were released into the supernatant of the culture medium of macrophage
      enriched peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) or spleen cells derived from
      Propionibacterium acnes-primed mice after addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
      After passage through a Sephadex G-10 column, TNF activity could not be detected
      in the supernatant of these spleen cells after addition of LPS. Also TNF activity
      could not be detected in the supernatant following destruction of PEC. These
      results suggest that TNF producibility is strongly related to the degree of
      activation of macrophages, especially the lysosomal enzymes. The murine
      macrophage-like cell line, J774, also released TNF activity and lysosomal enzymes
      after addition of LPS.

PMID- 3851697
TI  - High concordance between marker profiles of 22 human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines
      tested with the same monoclonal antibodies before and during the second
      international workshop on human differentiation antigens.
AB  - Our laboratory participated in the Second International Workshop and Conference
      on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens. In this international study the
      reactivity profiles of monoclonal antibodies were analyzed on normal and
      malignant hematopoietic cells. The Workshop was divided into three categories:
      the T-cell, B-cell and myelomonocytic cell studies. We blindly tested 159 coded
      monoclonal antibodies of the panel for the T-cell study on 22 permanently
      established leukemia cell lines. The monoclonal antibodies were provided by the
      Workshop Committee and their reactivity with the target cells was visualized by
      standardized indirect immunofluorescence. After decoding it was recognized that
      11 monoclonal antibodies had been examined on these cell lines prior to the
      Workshop. The reactivity of these 11 monoclonal antibodies was analyzed and
      compared with the earlier results. From a total of 217 paired tests done blindly
      in the Workshop study and prior to the Workshop, 191 tests (88%) did not show
      significantly different data. The possible reasons for discrepancies include
      nonspecific Fc-receptor-binding on some cell lines and a relatively nonspecific
      reactivity of some monoclonal antibodies. This analysis demonstrates the
      stability of the antigen expression on human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines grown
      at consistently optimal conditions, for the tests, using the same monoclonal
      antibodies as in the Workshop, had been performed 0.5-5 years prior to the
      Workshop study. On the other hand, nonspecific Fc-binding, wide "specificity" of
      monoclonal antibodies and a shift in antigen expression of the cells (due to poor
      growth conditions, involuntary induction of differentiation and other factors)
      must be taken into consideration upon immunological analysis.

PMID- 3851698
TI  - Modulation of natural killer activity by thymosin alpha 1 and interferon.
AB  - A single injection of alpha beta-interferon (alpha beta-IFN) (30000 units/mouse),
      a major biological modifier of natural killer (NK) cytolytic activity, strongly
      stimulated NK activity in normal mice, as expected, while the same treatment did
      not statistically alter the NK response in cyclophosphamide (CY)-suppressed
      animals. We investigated the possibility of thymosin alpha 1 cooperating with
      alpha beta-IFN in boosting NK activity in CY-suppressed animals. The results show
      that treatment with thymosin alpha 1 (200 micrograms/kg) for 4 days, followed by
      a single injection of alpha beta-IFN 24 h before testing, strongly restored NK
      activity in CY-suppressed mice. Thymosin alpha 1 was, moreover, able to
      accelerate the recovery rate of NK activity in bone marrow reconstituted murine
      chimeras. Taken together the data support the concept that the synergic effect
      between thymosin alpha 1 and alpha beta-IFN could be the result of effects on
      differentiation of the NK lineage at different levels.

PMID- 3851699
TI  - Adoptive immunotherapy of a BALB/c lymphoma by syngeneic anti-DBA/2 immune
      lymphoid cells: characterization of the effector population and evidence for the
      role of the host's non-T cells.
AB  - It has been previously shown that the BALB/c lymphoma YC8 is susceptible to lysis
      by syngeneic anti-DBA/2 lymphocytes and that YC8-bearing BALB/c mice can be cured
      by adoptive transfer of such immune effectors. In this study in vivo and in vitro
      functions of the curative immune lymphocytes have been evaluated together with
      the role of the host immune system in the mechanism of tumor eradication. It was
      found that the curative anti-DBA/2 lymphocytes were not directly cytotoxic to YC8
      cells although they developed into YC8-lytic cells after in vitro restimulation
      with YC8. In vivo, the immune lymphocytes were able to mediate a tumor-specific
      delayed type hypersensitivity reaction against YC8 but had a low tumor
      neutralizing activity in the Winn assay. Proliferation of infused BALB/c anti
      DBA/2 lymphocytes was necessary for the in vivo therapeutic effect, since
      irradiation of effector cells or treatment of the donor immune lymphocytes with
      vinblastine abolished their curative capacity. Immunodepression of the T cell
      compartment of the prospective tumor-bearing animals by thymectomy plus
      irradiation or its abrogation in B mice (thymectomized, lethally irradiated, and
      reconstituted with fetal liver cells) did not interfere with the therapeutic
      effect of the transferred anti-DBA/2 lymphocytes. Blocking the macrophage
      functions of the host by carrageenan, however, abolished the therapeutic effect
      of immune lymphocytes. These data indicate that a radiation-resistant, non-T cell
      is involved in the tumor eradication induced by anti-DBA/2 lymphocytes. It was
      also shown that cured mice, tested 90 days after therapy, become resistant to 5 X
      10(3) LD80 YC8 cells and that this resistance was due to the presence of memory
      cells derived from the transferred and not from the host lymphocyte population.

PMID- 3851700
TI  - The synergistic tumoricidal activity of anticancer drugs and oxidative burst
      triggered macrophages.
AB  - The anticancer drugs adriamycin (ADR) and actinomycin D (AMD) were tested for
      their effect on the oxidative burst (OB) of mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM)
      and on the killing of tumor cells by OB-stimulated MPM. The oxidative burst of
      MPM determined by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production was severely impaired by
      ADR (10 micrograms/ml) and AMD (40 micrograms/ml) after a 1 h treatment and by
      lower concentrations of the drugs following a 24 h treatment. The toxicity of the
      drugs against MPM was comparable to their effect on EL4 cells. Pretreatment of
      EL4 and TLX-9 tumor cells with sublethal amounts of ADR for 4 h rendered the
      cells sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of OB-stimulated MPM which were otherwise
      unable to kill these cells. It seems that anticancer drugs and OB-stimulated
      macrophages can cooperate in the destruction of tumor cells in vitro.

PMID- 3851701
TI  - Concomitant tumor immunity in the mammary gland.
AB  - The mouse mammary fatpad is immunologically privileged relative to the subcutis
      for the transplantation of nonmalignant tissues. Mouse mammary tumors, however,
      induce tumor-specific immunity in the mammary fatpad. Immunizing tumor cells were
      injected into the fatpad or subcutis at several time periods before challenge
      tumor cells were injected into the subcutis on the contralateral side and the
      time of onset of concomitant immunity was determined. Mice immunized by
      transplantion of tumor cells into the subcutis became resistant to challenge
      tumor transplants before mice immunized with tumor cells transplanted into the
      fatpad. By utilizing a metastatic tumor line which is resistant to thioguanine
      and ouabain, it was directly demonstrated that tumor cells from a s.c. implant
      reached the regional inguinal lymph node before tumor cells from a mammary fatpad
      tumor implant.

PMID- 3851702
TI  - Clinico-pathological aspects of immunotherapy by intralesional injection of BCG
      cell walls or live BCG in bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma.
AB  - Bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC) of clinical stage I, mostly
      situated in the third eyelid, was chosen as a therapy model for squamous cell
      carcinoma of the head and neck in humans. Block resection was found to be the
      best method of treatment. Regression was noticed in 19 out of 30 cows treated
      intratumourously with a single injection of live BCG or BCG cell wall vaccine,
      followed by recurrence in 8 cases. In 2 untreated cows, complete lasting
      regression occurred. Regression was significantly more frequently encountered in
      intratumourously treated cows than in controls. Regression was associated with a
      high mitotic index, severe infiltrating growth and small amounts of cellular
      (lymphoid) infiltration. Metastasis was found in 14 out of 50 cows: 5 in 10
      untreated controls, 8 in 30 BCG treated cows and 1 in 10 surgically treated cows.
      The growth rate of progressively growing untreated and of some treated tumours
      was not associated with the mitotic index nor with other morphological
      characteristics tested. The mitotic index was found to be higher in the deep
      infiltrating layer than in the superficial layer of the primary tumour,
      suggesting that a single biopsy is not sufficiently representative for cell
      kinetic studies.

PMID- 3851704
TI  - Some anatomical variants and pitfalls in computed tomography of the trachea and
      mainstem bronchi. II. Compression or anatomical variants?
AB  - 472 computed tomographic (CT) examinations in 448 patients were reviewed for
      depression of the wall of the trachea and mainstem bronchi. Depression was
      defined as a neutral term, not indicating pressure exerted upon the wall. Such
      depressions appeared to occur very frequently as a variant. Special attention is
      paid to the so-called azygos vein indentation. The most marked depression
      variants in our series are reproduced. When a depression is found in contiguity
      with a pathological mass and does not exceed the range of the variants, one
      cannot be sure that the mass is indeed the cause of this depression. In patients
      with bronchogenic carcinoma, depression of the wall of the trachea or mainstem
      bronchus seems to be no better sign for the metastatic nature of lymphadenopathy
      than size per se.

PMID- 3851703
TI  - Generation of the bioactive kallikrein-derived fragment, C3d-k, by HANE-plasma.
AB  - Recent studies have concluded that after complement activation the final
      physiologic degradation products of C3 are C3c and the fragment of relative
      molecular mass (Mr) 42,000 which contains the C3d and C3g domains and was
      therefore named C3d,g. Using fluorescent labelled C3b as a substrate, we have
      determined the putative C3d,g ('C3d,g') producing activity of both normal and
      hereditary angioneurotic oedema (HANE) plasmas. In normal plasmas, the rate of
      production of C3d,g was 1.0 +/- 0.2 X 10(-10) mol/ml/h and this activity was
      blocked by antibodies to I. In contrast, HANE, plasmas (deficient in C1INH)
      showed more than twice as much 'C3d,g' production as normal plasmas and both
      antibodies to I and kallikrein were required to inhibit this activity. Because of
      this result, a more sensitive gel system was employed to detect the Mr 42,000
      peptide and two 'C3d,g' fragments of approximately equal intensity with Mr of
      42,000 and 43,000 were defined. Incubation of purified kallikrein with labelled
      iC3b produced a C3d,g-like fragment, C3d-k, that aligned with the band of 43,000
      Mr generated in HANE plasma. These results indicate that HANE plasma, in contrast
      to normal plasma, generates the bioactive C3d-k fragment. C1INH blocks the
      activities of kallikrein and C1s, and C3d-k generation in HANE plasma is probably
      secondary to the proteolytic activity of kallikrein.

PMID- 3851705
TI  - Analysis of the spinal column with the aid of C-arm equipment, with special
      regard to rotation about the longitudinal axis.
AB  - Many methods and anatomic landmarks have been used to assess vertebral rotation
      radiographically. A method is described by which it is possible to determine
      accurately the three-dimensional orientation of a vertebra by taking advantage of
      its anatomical symmetry, especially regarding the rotation about the longitudinal
      axis.

PMID- 3851706
TI  - Homing and circulation of indium-111-labelled leucocytes. A post-mortem study.
AB  - The history of a patient with a suspected ischemic brain infarct undergoing an
      indium-111-tropolone white cell labelled test is reported. The patient, who died
      12 h after injection of the labelled cells, suffered of a brain haemorrhage. The
      post-mortem examination has allowed for the first time the measurement of
      radioactivity in different organs following the injection of indium-111-labelled
      leucocytes. High radioactivity was found only in tissues affected by inflammatory
      processes and in the lymphonodes draining the corresponding areas. This report
      clearly indicates the importance of this method for the study of white cell
      localization and circulation to the sites of infections.

PMID- 3851707
TI  - Osteolysis of the shaft of tubular bones in systemic scleroderma.
AB  - This case report describes a woman with progressive systemic sclerosis who, in
      addition to the more classical acro-osteolysis, demonstrated destruction of the
      shafts of the phalanges and the ulna. The literature on bone lysis in atypical
      sites in scleroderma is reviewed and the etiology discussed.

PMID- 3851708
TI  - The comparative in vitro susceptibility of cefazolin-resistant organisms to six
      cephalosporins, four penicillins, and three aminoglycosides.
AB  - One thousand thirty-seven cefazolin-resistant, gram-negative clinical isolates
      including members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonads, and other
      nonfermenters were tested against a variety of newer antimicrobial agents by
      microdilution. Most of the Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to the second
      generation cephalosporins, but highly susceptible to the third-generation agents
      and the broad-spectrum penicillins, 90% of the strains being inhibited at
      attainable serum concentrations. Cefoperazone and the penicillins had good
      activity against the Pseudomonas species, but the aminoglycosides remained the
      most active agents against all the gram-negative bacilli tested except
      Pseudomonas maltophilia.

PMID- 3851709
TI  - Ascending and descending spinal cord tracts.

PMID- 3851710
TI  - Management of the cardiac tamponade patient: a nursing framework.

PMID- 3851711
TI  - Circadian rhythms: implications for evaluation of the critically ill patient.

PMID- 3851712
TI  - Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma: a nursing care plan.

PMID- 3851713
TI  - Computers bring new vocabulary to critical care nurses.

PMID- 3851714
TI  - Mystery arrhythmia.

PMID- 3851716
TI  - Psychosocial aspects of critical care nursing. Loss and grief: unravelling two
      complex phenomena.

PMID- 3851715
TI  - Emergency neurologic assessment.

PMID- 3851717
TI  - Fibrosis.

PMID- 3851719
TI  - Chemoattractants in fibrotic disorders.
AB  - Fibrosis represents an excessive deposition of connective tissue which impedes
      the normal functions of an organ or tissue. The mechanisms leading to this
      increased deposition of connective tissue may be similar to those occurring in
      normal wound repair. We have previously shown that the repair process involves
      the migration of connective tissue cells to the site of injury and their
      subsequent proliferation. One of the principal factors controlling these events
      appears to be the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). PDGF acts as a potent
      chemoattractant and mitogen for connective tissue cells but not other cell types.
      In addition to PDGF, factors produced by monocytes and tissue macrophages also
      act as chemoattractants for connective tissue cells. These observations suggest
      that such activities may be abundant in areas of inflammation. In normal repair
      these factors would be present for a relatively short period of time, whereas in
      fibrosis the chronic inflammatory response could maintain a constant or repeated
      release of such factors. This would recruit additional connective tissue cells to
      the area of inflammation, changing the cellular composition of the affected organ
      or tissue, resulting in an expansive and permanent nodule of connective tissue.

PMID- 3851718
TI  - Cell interactions in post-traumatic fibrosis.
AB  - Models of reparative fibrosis, or wound healing, disclose a basic spatial
      relationship between inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, dividing fibroblasts and
      angiogenic endothelial cells. Many components of the extracellular fluid,
      especially steep gradients of PO2, PCO2, pH, glucose and lactate, have been
      measured. After components of coagulation play out their role in the first few
      days after injury, macrophages sense excitatory substances and signs of
      respiratory distress, and secrete chemoattractants for endothelial cells and
      fibroblasts. If excitatory substances (such as silica) are eliminated, active
      fibrosis ends with the restoration of the energy supply. Some of the mitogens and
      chemoattractants acting as intercellular messengers between these cells have been
      isolated and identified.

PMID- 3851720
TI  - HLA associations in fibrotic disease.
AB  - HLA antigens have been associated with a wide variety of human diseases. In
      general these associations are not absolute in the way that classical genetic
      disorders are. Thus although the association between ankylosing spondylitis and
      HLA-B27 has been known for 11 years we are not able to define a closer genetic
      marker for the disease or indeed to define the mechanism by which B27 is involved
      with the disease process. This paper indicates the major disease associations
      with HLA antigens and compares them with those found in fibrotic disease. Some
      attempt is made to localize the position in the disease process where HLA might
      play a role. The aim of studies of HLA associations often includes the
      identification of at-risk groups in the hope of being able to apply selective
      preventive measures. Some progress along this path has been made and is outlined.

PMID- 3851721
TI  - Host immune factors regulating fibrosis.
AB  - Mononuclear cells produce lymphokines and monokines, the function of which is to
      initiate the mobilization, proliferation and differentiation of additional
      mononuclear cells in an inflammatory site. In addition, these inflammatory cells
      produce biologically active mediators which modulate the functions of certain non
      inflammatory cell targets. Lymphokines and monokines can stimulate chemotaxis,
      division, and matrix synthesis by connective tissue fibroblasts. Additional
      mononuclear cell-derived mediators can inhibit or suppress these fibroblast
      functions, implicating the host immune system in the regulation of connective
      tissue metabolism associated with an inflammatory response. Altering the balance
      of the production and/or release of these connective tissue-active agents could
      result in excess fibroblast growth and matrix synthesis (fibrosis) and its
      pathological manifestations.

PMID- 3851722
TI  - Collagen deposition in autoimmune diseases: the expanding role of the fibroblast
      in human fibrotic disease.
AB  - Fibrosis, usually considered an extension of the normal process of wound healing,
      follows to a variable degree host responses of an inflammatory nature, both
      immune and non-immune. The immediate mesenchymal effector cell of fibrosis, the
      fibroblast, has more or less been taken for granted in this process, due largely
      to its monotonous morphological uniformity. An emerging realization that the
      fibroblast can react in a variety of ways, both as an amplifying population of
      cells and in selective ways as the final arbiter of the extracellular matrix, is
      the subject of this report. This heterogeneity of fibroblast behaviour is
      characterized and, since many types of cells (endothelial, smooth muscle,
      epithelial) have now been shown to respond to matrix-derived signals, the
      potential for mesenchymal cell selection as a mechanism for understanding human
      fibrotic disease is probed. Signals which selectively alter fibroblast
      proliferation and fibroblast phenotypic expression are emphasized.

PMID- 3851723
TI  - Regulation of fibroblast proliferation by Kupffer cells and monocytes.
AB  - Liver cirrhosis can be considered as an alteration of the homeostatic mechanisms
      that maintain cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The mechanisms that
      maintain homeostasis and, therefore, that control fibroblast proliferation and
      collagen synthesis, are unknown. Experiments were performed to study the role of
      Kupffer cells in regulating fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis and
      to study the antifibrogenic properties of colchicine. Non-parenchymal cells
      isolated from normal and CCl4-treated rats were cultured. The cultures from
      normal livers contained few fibroblasts whereas those from CCl4-treated animals
      contained many fibroblasts. Removal of adherent cells obtained from normal liver
      favoured fibroblast proliferation. The fibroblasts from normal or CCl4-treated
      rats were similar and contained collagens type I and type III. The results
      obtained suggest that normal Kupffer cells control fibroblast proliferation and
      that incoming monocytes stimulate fibroblast proliferation. Colchicine inhibits
      the entry of monocytes into the injured liver and could prevent liver fibrosis by
      this mechanism.

PMID- 3851724
TI  - Biochemical pathways leading to collagen deposition in pulmonary fibrosis.
AB  - Fibrosis in the lung is well described histologically. There is destruction of
      the normal architecture with the appearance of inflammatory cells and connective
      tissue components, particularly collagen. Biochemical evidence for an increased
      deposition of collagen in man has been demonstrated in patients with both acute
      and chronic forms of pulmonary fibrosis. Studies of collagen metabolism in man
      are equivocal but there is convincing evidence for an increased synthesis rate in
      animal models of pulmonary fibrosis. Collagen degradation has been little studied
      but may be important, given the recent evidence indicating quite rapid turnover
      of lung collagen and a decreased degradation of collagen in experimental disease.
      The distribution of collagen types has been studied in man, where there is some
      evidence for the production of type III collagen in the early active phase of
      disease with a preponderance of type I collagen in the late stages. The cellular
      mechanisms leading to these changes are uncertain but the alveolar macrophage may
      play a central role, since it is capable of releasing factors which expand the
      fibroblast population as well as attracting new fibroblasts to the site of
      injury. These pathways are described for what is essentially the normal
      physiological response of scar formation, which has pathological consequences in
      the lung, a tissue requiring thin membranes at its epithelial and endothelial
      surfaces, in order to perform its main function of gas exchange.

PMID- 3851725
TI  - The fibroblast in morphogenesis and fibrosis: cell topography and surface-related
      functions.
AB  - 'Fibroblast' is a generic term for a population of cells responsible for the
      establishment, maintenance and repair of three-dimensional form in multicellular
      organisms. These cells are a major, semi-permanent resident of the 'extracellular
      space' and the fibroblast compartmentalizes this space to various purposes during
      the formation of collagen fibrils and fibril bundles. The boundaries of these
      extracellular compartments blend and overlap, but discrete regions can be
      identified which are involved in collagen fibril assembly and fibril bundle
      assembly. The formation of these extracellular compartments in both the tendon
      and cornea results from a series of fusions of membrane-limited structures,
      beginning with collagen secretory vacuoles fusing with the cell surface to form
      deep surface recesses within which fibrils assemble; and progressing through the
      lateral fusion of these recesses with the consequent formation of fibril bundles.
      The topography of the fibroblast is also specialized for matrix anchorage, for
      matrix and cell repositioning, and for matrix degradation.

PMID- 3851726
TI  - The structure of collagen.
AB  - A knowledge of the structure of collagen fibrils is important for any rational
      discussion of the occurrence and treatment of fibrosis. The different genetic
      types of collagen, and the structure of the triple-helical molecule as refined
      from X-ray fibre diffraction data, are described. The problem of determining
      molecular arrangement in native tissues is discussed. The various models proposed
      for the molecular arrangement of type I collagen are compared and an account is
      given of the quasi-hexagonal model. A detailed analysis of the X-ray diffraction
      patterns from native type I collagen fibres is used to provide a quantitative
      description of the quasi-hexagonal model. Parameters such as molecular positions,
      azimuthal orientation and axial shift can be estimated from the diffraction
      patterns. These parameters refer to the helix main-chain. Side-chain
      conformations can then be built in by molecular graphics and the predicted X-ray
      pattern for the complete model compared with the observed pattern.

PMID- 3851727
TI  - Intermolecular cross-linking in fibrotic collagen.
AB  - The extent, nature and location of the cross-links involved in the stabilization
      of collagen in fibrotic lesions are crucial to its subsequent removal, naturally
      or induced by treatment. Stabilization is achieved initially by divalent aldimine
      and keto-imine intermolecular cross-links located at the end-overlap region in
      the quarter-stagger alignment of the molecules in the fibre. Elucidation of the
      location of the cross-links also provides chemical evidence for the organization
      of the collagen molecule in the fibre. All the fibrous collagens are stabilized
      by these cross-links, the more stable keto-imine cross-link predominating in the
      types I and II collagens present in the initial stages of fibrosis. Further
      stabilization of the lesion usually follows, increasing the resistance to
      degradative enzymes, thus rendering the fibrosis irreversible. This maturation
      process, which also occurs in normal ageing, involves the formation of
      multivalent cross-links derived from the initial aldimine and keto-imine cross
      links to form a three-dimensional network through a polymeric peptide (poly-alpha
      1CB6 in type I collagen). The nature of these cross-links has not yet been
      elucidated. The so-called mature cross-link, 3-hydroxypyridinoline, could not be
      identified in this polymeric network. A secondary process involving non-enzymic
      glycosylation of lysine residues and subsequent intermolecular cross-linking has
      also been demonstrated, although the nature and extent of this type of cross-link
      remain to be determined.

PMID- 3851728
TI  - Lower limb ischemia: an iatrogenic complication of IABP.

PMID- 3851730
TI  - IABP: legal and ethical issues.

PMID- 3851729
TI  - Compartment syndrome: a complication of IABP.

PMID- 3851731
TI  - Ethylene glycol poisoning.

PMID- 3851732
TI  - Open visiting in the ICU: a debate.

PMID- 3851733
TI  - Using cognitive channels in patient education.

PMID- 3851734
TI  - Selecting professional home study programs.

PMID- 3851735
TI  - Stevens-Johnson syndrome (continuous education credit).

PMID- 3851736
TI  - Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a multisystem case.

PMID- 3851737
TI  - Reducing cardiac cachexia before cardiac valve replacement.

PMID- 3851739
TI  - Should CCRN nurses receive a salary differential?

PMID- 3851738
TI  - The role of critical care nurses in the ethical decision-making process.

PMID- 3851740
TI  - High-risk maternal and neonatal transport: psychosocial implications for
      practice.

PMID- 3851742
TI  - Flatfishes breathe symmetrically: an experimental reappraisal.
AB  - Experimental analysis of the pressure changes in the respiratory cavities of the
      American winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, together with
      electromyographic recordings of key respiratory muscles and cineradiographic
      observations of the distribution of radioopaque dye, have revealed unequivocally
      that the respiratory current and underlying mechanisms are symmetrical. The
      respiratory apparatus, as in other teleosts, is driven by bilaterally symmetrical
      alternating buccal pressure and opercular suction pumps. An elaborate deflecting
      apparatus is present in the respiratory cavities of flatfishes to maximize the
      irrigation of gills of both sides. Functional symmetry is maintained in the
      morphologically asymmetrical flatfishes and a high premium is put on the
      bilateral distribution and opercular ejection of the respiratory current during
      the evolutionary radiation of the Pleuronectiformes.

PMID- 3851741
TI  - The two intervening sequences of human beta- and gamma-globin pre-mRNAs are
      excised in a preferred temporal order in vitro.
AB  - Splicing of complete synthetic human beta- and gamma-globin mRNA precursors (pre
      mRNAs) follows a preferred pathway in vitro. In almost all molecules, excision of
      the first intervening sequence (IVS) is completed before excision of the second
      IVS initiates. However, in a very small fraction of molecules the order of IVS
      excision is reversed.

PMID- 3851743
TI  - Intracellular recording from single and double cone cells isolated from the fish
      retina (Tinca tinca).
AB  - Intracellular recording were obtained from isolated single and double cone cells
      of the tench retina. Photoresponses show features characteristic of other species
      and behave linearly with very dim illumination. The cells spectral sensitivity
      matches their pigment absorption spectrum measured by previous authors. The
      principal and accessory members of double cones show a maximal sensitivity peak
      at about 644 and 547 nm, respectively. In addition, each of the two action
      spectra shows a secondary inflection at the peak wavelength of the adjacent
      member, suggesting functional coupling between the two members of double cones.

PMID- 3851744
TI  - Estimation of sodium uptake through the gill of the rainbow trout Salmo
      gairdneri.
AB  - Sodium exchanges through the gill epithelia were estimated in the rainbow trout,
      Salmo gairdneri, using the perfused head technique. The head tissues accumulate
      radioactivity. In addition there exists an extrabranchial entry of sodium, which
      is 20 times smaller than the branchial one. The study of the evolution of venous
      and arterial sodium specific activities as a function of time is necessary before
      flux measurements are achieved. Contrary to previous studies, an uptake at the
      primary lamella level is demonstrated. Uptake of sodium through the secondary
      lamellae can be measured rapidly while at least 30 min are needed for measurement
      of uptake through the primary lamellae. Chloride cells of the primary lamellae
      contribute to about 20% of the total sodium uptake.

PMID- 3851745
TI  - Lectin binding sites on the outer segment membranes of photoreceptor cells in the
      pineal organ of Lampetra planeri (Cyclostomata).
AB  - The glycoproteins of the outer segment membrane of photoreceptor cells in the
      pineal organ of Lampetra planeri were studied using the affined properties of
      lectins to sugar moieties. Among five different lectins, labelled with
      fluorescein-isothiocyanate, Concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat germ agglutinin
      (WGA) induced an intense fluorescence on the large outer segments protruding into
      the lumen of the pineal organ. The complementary sugars, alpha-D-mannopyranosyl
      (for Con A) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (for WGA), inhibit the binding of both
      lectins. By means of electron microscopy, after incubation in Con A and labelling
      with peroxidase, and intense enzymatic activity was revealed in the diskal spaces
      by the technique of Graham and Karnovsky (1966). These results suggest the
      presence of glycoproteins rich in mannose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine thus
      implying the presence of a photopigment of similar composition and structure to
      that of rhodopsin or rhodopsin itself.

PMID- 3851746
TI  - Comparison of the olfactory responses to amino acids obtained from receptor and
      bulbar levels in a marine teleost.
AB  - Comparison of the olfactory responses to amino acids was made between electro
      olfactogram (EOG) and induced bulbar electroencephalogram (EEG) in a marine
      teleost, red sea bream (Pargus major). The increase of the magnitude of EOG
      responses to five amino acids (L-glutamine, L-alanine, L-methionine, L
      phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid) was shown to have exponential functions
      against logarithmic increase of the stimulus concentration within the range
      tested (10(-5) to 10(-2) M), and were found to have similar exponents ranging
      from 0.21 to 0.25. In EEG, dose-response curves for six amino acids (L-glutamine,
      L-alanine, L-arginine, L-methionine, L-serine and glycine) showed two different
      functions within the range tested (10(-5) to 10(-2) M). Against logarithmic
      increase of the stimulus concentration, responses increased exponentially for L
      glutamine and L-arginine, and sigmoidally for L-alanine, L-methionine, L-serine
      and glycine, and even in the exponential functions exponents showed considerable
      diversity (0.12 to 0.21). Comparison of relative stimulatory effectiveness of
      amino acids between the two responses (EOG vs. EEG) revealed that in general they
      are similar. But a considerable difference was also found in L-glutamic acid
      which was more effective in producing EOG than EEG.

PMID- 3851747
TI  - [Assessment of the readiness of a woman's body for childbirth].

PMID- 3851748
TI  - [Pulmonary edema].

PMID- 3851749
TI  - [Chromosome diseases. II. Syndromes related to disorders in the sex chromosome
      system].

PMID- 3851750
TI  - [Perforated gastric and duodenal ulcers].

PMID- 3851752
TI  - [Closed craniocerebral injuries].

PMID- 3851751
TI  - [Deontology in venereology].

PMID- 3851753
TI  - [Health education work among the population to prevent complicated forms of acute
      surgical diseases of the abdominal organs].

PMID- 3851754
TI  - [Threatened premature labor].

PMID- 3851755
TI  - [Stenocardia of effort. Hypertension].

PMID- 3851756
TI  - [Climacteric syndrome. Dysfunctional uterine hemorrhage].

PMID- 3851757
TI  - [Late action of a chemical substance on the health status and the development of
      progeny].

PMID- 3851758
TI  - [Microbiology and the prevention of staphylococcal diseases].

PMID- 3851760
TI  - Nursing: the international language.

PMID- 3851759
TI  - Nursing the critically ill child. A responsive approach.

PMID- 3851761
TI  - Professional profile: Hetty M. Krap. Promoting international exchange among
      nurses.

PMID- 3851762
TI  - Arterial prosthetic graft infections. The pathophysiologic basis of nursing care.

PMID- 3851763
TI  - Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone: a growing concern.

PMID- 3851764
TI  - Coping with stress in critical care nursing: research findings.

PMID- 3851765
TI  - Ethical dilemmas in critical care. A proposal for hospital ethics advisory
      committees.

PMID- 3851766
TI  - Legal issues in nursing. Whose decision is it, anyway?

PMID- 3851767
TI  - Little Miss Dogsbody.

PMID- 3851768
TI  - Making the best use of drugs.

PMID- 3851770
TI  - Discharge planning: it's different at night.

PMID- 3851769
TI  - Day by day care.

PMID- 3851771
TI  - The challenge of geriatric nursing.

PMID- 3851772
TI  - A visit to New Zealand.

PMID- 3851773
TI  - Extra care units at Colchester.

PMID- 3851774
TI  - Becoming a nurse: the ethical perspective.
AB  - This paper examines selected features of neophyte nursing students' approach to
      the moral dimension of their future practice. It argues that rapid changes in
      medical technology and in social perceptions of morality necessitate a critical
      examination of the content, sequence and methods of introductory ethics education
      in nursing. It suggests that greater emphasis should be placed upon individual
      moral development; and that Codes of Ethics and Bills of Rights should be
      presented as ideal statements, to serve as guides in assessing the ethical
      situation of the client. Some reactions of students are reported.

PMID- 3851775
TI  - Individual vs aggregate good: ethical tension in nursing practice.
AB  - In this paper the ethical tension between the obligation to benefit the
      individual client and the obligation to benefit society is critically examined.
      Descriptions of both obligations in nursing practice as found in professional
      statements on practice standards, social policies and codes of ethics are
      discussed. Theoretical foundations for both ethical obligations are described and
      their implications for nursing practice are discussed. Since promoting one good
      over the other has serious implications for requirements of moral accountability
      in nursing practice, several strategies for the distribution of nursing resources
      and the balancing of the two obligations are proposed. It is concluded that
      meeting requirements for moral accountability in today's health care delivery
      system means being answerable for how the nurse determines the justifiability of
      promoting one good over the other and for articulating justifiable reasons for
      limiting the provision of either individual or aggregate good in specific nursing
      care situations.

PMID- 3851776
TI  - East meets west: some ethical considerations.
AB  - Japan, one of the most developed and industrialized countries in the world, may
      appear totally Westernized, but Japan has a culture of traditional customs and
      beliefs. This paper sheds light on the confusion of value orientations among
      Japanese nurses whose professional socialization is heavily influenced by Western
      culture and whose personal life depends on traditional culture. Examples of
      Japanese culture-bound values clarify the differences between Western and
      Japanese cultures. The importance of engaging in value clarification and
      analyzing the ethical principles behind decision-making is noted.

PMID- 3851777
TI  - Ethics and care for the elderly.
AB  - This article uses the case of presenile and senile dementia to discuss ethical
      concepts that have potential to guide nursing action. The concepts of 'sanctity
      of life' versus 'quality of life' or 'dignity' are both unsatisfactory for
      directing nursing intervention whenever proxy judgment is necessary. Guidelines
      for action must evolve from research, the search for clinical knowledge. As an
      underlying attitude and additional guide the author describes a Jewish ethical
      perspective which defines dependence and interdependence as an essential part of
      human existence and accepts the inevitability of living with moral uncertainty.

PMID- 3851778
TI  - Ethics of death and dying.
AB  - This paper focuses on selected ethical questions that can arise in caring for the
      dying. They are: (1) What are the limits of treatment and who decides them? (2)
      How do we deal with suffering and the alleviation of pain? (3) How does the nurse
      present her humane self to the dying patient? The framework used to reason
      through these questions comes from the criteria developed to describe the
      concept, full life.

PMID- 3851780
TI  - Is there unwarranted risk in cohorting AIDS patients?

PMID- 3851779
TI  - A programme for nursing ethics.
AB  - This article defines nursing ethics and its place within the disciplines of
      ethics and nursing. The current endeavours of nursing ethics are identified as:
      revising codes, assisting nurses to reason ethically, and establishing the
      nurse's role in ethical decision-making regarding ethical issues, particular
      clients, and society's definition of health and illness. The authors then propose
      the further development of nursing ethics to examine critically the ethical
      dimensions of nursing practice with regards to its theories, diagnostic
      categories, diagnostic procedures, treatment goals and treatment procedures.

PMID- 3851781
TI  - Whirlpool operation and the prevention of infection.
AB  - Disease outbreaks involving public whirlpools have been reported frequently since
      their use has become popular in recent years. Because public whirlpools are often
      used by persons who have only transient contact, infections resulting from their
      use are difficult to identify, and published reports probably represent only a
      small portion of a larger public health problem. Most published outbreaks have
      reported Pseudomonas aeruginosa contamination of the whirlpool as a result of
      failure to operate the pool according to recommended practices. Maintaining the
      microbiologic quality of whirlpool water and preventing infection absolutely
      require regular operation and maintenance, including monitoring and record
      keeping by qualified personnel.

PMID- 3851782
TI  - Pool-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa dermatitis and other bathing-associated
      infections.
AB  - The growing popularity of heated pools, especially whirlpools and hot tubs, has
      been accompanied by increasingly frequent outbreaks of an illness produced by
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The illness usually includes folliculitis, pruritic skin
      rash, and/or otitis externa and occasionally mastitis and systemic symptoms.
      Although usually self-limited, rare severe cases have been described. Motel and
      hotel whirlpools are most often implicated as the source of outbreaks. The
      relative importance of pool conditions and the bacteriology of P. aeruginosa in
      the pathogenesis of this illness remain to be elucidated. Implementing CDC
      Guidelines for public spas and hot tubs seem the most reasonable way of reducing
      the risk of large outbreaks. Prevention of cases arising from home hot tubs or
      whirlpools will be very difficult and may depend on extensive public education or
      the development of simple, inexpensive and effective disinfection systems.

PMID- 3851783
TI  - Public health implications regarding the epidemiology and microbiology of public
      whirlpools.
AB  - High temperature bathing in hot tubs, spas and whirlpools poses four potential
      public health concerns: injury/death, disease transmission, possible teratogenic
      effects, and congestive heart failure or dysrhythmias for individuals with
      cardiac problems. Health departments need criteria before initiating
      environmental and epidemiologic investigations. These criteria must include
      severity of the disease and number of individuals possibly exposed. In addition,
      public health officials are obligated to define the magnitude of the problem,
      inform affected individuals and institute appropriate control measures. Optional
      information should be collected during an environmental and epidemiologic
      investigation to clarify the mechanisms of disease transmission and design
      control measures. The public health response to improving hot water bathing
      safety and sanitation should be directed at primary prevention. Educational
      efforts would be directed toward whirlpool operators, users and the medical
      community. Included should be a review of regulations addressing the construction
      and operation of public spas and whirlpools.

PMID- 3851784
TI  - Infections in long-term care facilities.

PMID- 3851785
TI  - Infection control in pulmonary function laboratories.

PMID- 3851787
TI  - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: clinical and laboratory features.

PMID- 3851786
TI  - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): risk and outcome of colonized
      vs. infected patients.
AB  - A retrospective study of 204 patients culture positive for methicillin-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus compared infected and colonized patients. Seventy-eight
      patients were colonized and never developed infection (C), 24 were colonized and
      subsequently infected (C----I), and 102 patients had 1 or more nosocomial
      infections with MRSA at time of first culture (I). The most prevalent sites of
      infection were wound (26.5%) and blood-stream (20.7%), whereas the respiratory
      tract and surgical wounds were both frequent sites of colonization. Stepwise
      discriminant analysis found the most important factors in differentiating
      likelihood of colonization vs. infection were recent prior hospitalization,
      history of wound debridement, and number of invasive procedures. Ten percent of
      (C) died and 25.5% of (I) died. MRSA contributed to death in 57.6% of the (I)
      deaths (p less than .05). These results underscore the importance of
      differentiating (C) vs. (I) in hospitals where MRSA is endemic so that early
      specific treatment may be initiated. Risk factors for infection should be
      discriminated from those for acquisition of the organism.

PMID- 3851788
TI  - Worried sick.

PMID- 3851789
TI  - Whooping cough: helping parents assess the risks.

PMID- 3851790
TI  - Immunization--reducing the uncertainty.

PMID- 3851791
TI  - Improving measles vaccine uptake.

PMID- 3851792
TI  - The school nurse as health educator.

PMID- 3851793
TI  - Health reviews in nursery school.

PMID- 3851794
TI  - Know your organizations: the Children's Society.

PMID- 3851795
TI  - Caring for the health of young children. 1. Using preventive child health
      services.

PMID- 3851796
TI  - [Pudendal block--evaluation of the analgesic effects of 3 different local
      anesthetics].

PMID- 3851797
TI  - [Information from the PKU-sections--account of activities 1984].

PMID- 3851798
TI  - [A good birth--current goals in Danish obstetric care].

PMID- 3851800
TI  - [Report from Fertility Conferences in Karolinska hospital].

PMID- 3851799
TI  - [Scholarship report. Various childbirth positions].

PMID- 3851801
TI  - [National Social Welfare Board's general recommendations on examination of
      newborn infants for certain inborn errors of metabolism].

PMID- 3851802
TI  - [A study visit to Helsinki].

PMID- 3851803
TI  - [National Social Welfare Board's directions and general recommendations
      concerning AIDS].

PMID- 3851804
TI  - [Congenital diaphragmatic hernia].

PMID- 3851805
TI  - [Are our methods of temperature measurement in newborn infants reliable?].

PMID- 3851806
TI  - [Blood relationship and "milk relationship"--a short study in medical
      anthropology].

PMID- 3851807
TI  - Penicillin-binding proteins and the intrinsic resistance to beta-lactams in gram
      positive cocci.

PMID- 3851808
TI  - Protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes. A study of the mechanism of Co-eIF-2
      action.
AB  - The characteristics of component activities in Co-eIF-2 (where eIF is eukaryotic
      initiation factor) protein complex have been studied. (i) At limiting
      concentrations, Co-eIF-2 promoted rapid GDP binding to eIF-2 and also GDP
      displacement from eIF-2 X GDP during ternary complex formation in the presence of
      GTP and Mg2+ (Co-eIF-2C activity) but did not significantly stimulate ternary
      complex formation by eIF-2. (ii) At higher concentrations, Co-eIF-2 significantly
      enhanced ternary complex formation by eIF-2 and also rendered the complex stable
      to aurintricarboxylic acid presumably as Co-eIF-2 became physically bound to the
      ternary complex (Co-eIF-2A activity). (iii) Ternary complex preformed in the
      presence of Co-eIF-2 and without Mg2+ dissociated upon subsequent addition of
      Mg2+ (Co-eIF-2B activity). This dissociation reaction was presumably due to loss
      of interaction of the Co-eIF-2A component in Co-eIF-2 with the ternary complex
      (reversal of Co-eIF-2A activity) as the complex became increasingly sensitive to
      aurintricarboxylic acid with increasing Mg2+ concentration. In another study,
      purified eIF-2 was freed of bound GDP by treatment with alkaline phosphatase and
      the characteristics of native and GDP-free eIF-2 were compared. (i) One mM Mg2+
      inhibited (60%) ternary complex formation by native eIF-2 but not by GDP-free eIF
      2. Addition of exogenous GDP rendered GDP-free eIF-2 sensitive to Mg2+ indicating
      that Mg2+ inhibition is due to eIF-2-bound GDP. (ii) In the presence of Mg2+, Co
      eIF-2 stimulated similarly ternary and Met-tRNAf X 40 S X AUG complex formation
      by both native and GDP-free eIF-2. Such stimulatory activity in each case was
      strongly inhibited by prior phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha subunit by heme
      regulated translational inhibitor. (iii) Ternary complexes preformed using either
      native and GDP-free eIF-2 and excess Co-eIF-2A80 in the absence of Mg2+ did not
      form Met-tRNAf X 40 S X AUG complex. They required trace amounts of Co-eIF-2 for
      such activity.

PMID- 3851809
TI  - Differentiation of neuroblastoma cells induced by an inhibitor of mevalonate
      synthesis: relation of neurite outgrowth and acetylcholinesterase activity to
      changes in cell proliferation and blocked isoprenoid synthesis.
AB  - Mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG
      CoA) reductase, stimulates neurite outgrowth and acetylcholinesterase (ACE)
      activity in C1300 (Neuro-2A) murine neuroblastoma cells. Sprouting of neurites
      began within 4-8 h, before changes in cell proliferation could be detected by
      [3H]thymidine incorporation or flow cytometry. In contrast, the increase in ACE
      activity was temporally correlated with suppression of DNA synthesis, which
      occurred after 8 h. The activity of the membrane marker enzyme phosphodiesterase
      I was not stimulated by mevinolin. Suppression of protein synthesis with
      cycloheximide blocked the induction of ACE activity but only partially inhibited
      neurite outgrowth in the mevinolin-treated cultures. When mevinolin was removed
      from the culture medium, most of the cells retracted their neurites within 2 h,
      but ACE activity did not decline until DNA synthesis began to return to control
      levels after 10 h. Similarly, retraction of neurites in differentiated cells
      exposed to colchicine was not accompanied by a decrease in ACE activity. DNA
      histograms suggested that mevinolin arrests neuroblastoma cells in both the G1
      and G2/M compartments of the cell cycle. Other cytostatic drugs that arrest cells
      at different stages of the cell cycle did not cause Neuro-2A cells to form
      neurites such as those seen in the mevinolin-treated cultures. When incorporation
      of [3H]acetate into isoprenoid compounds was studied in cultures containing
      mevinolin in concentrations ranging from 0.25 microM to 25 microM, the labeling
      of cholesterol, dolichol, and ubiquinone was suppressed by 90% or more at all
      concentrations. However, significant growth arrest and cell differentiation were
      observed only at the highest concentrations of mevinolin. Supplementing the
      medium with 100 microM mevalonate prevented the cellular response to mevinolin,
      but additions of cholesterol, dolichol, ubiquinone, or isopentenyl adenine were
      generally ineffective. The cholesterol content of neuroblastoma cells incubated
      with 25 microM mevinolin for 24 h was not diminished, and protein glycosylation,
      measured by [3H]mannose incorporation, was decreased only after 24 h at high
      mevinolin concentration. These studies suggest that the stimulation of neurite
      outgrowth and the increase in ACE activity induced by mevinolin are independent
      phenomena. Whereas neurite outgrowth is not related directly to the effects of
      mevinolin on cell cycling, the induction of ACE is correlated with the inhibition
      of cell proliferation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3851811
TI  - Prevent social isolation before it starts.

PMID- 3851810
TI  - The binding of calcium to detergent-extracted rabbit psoas muscle fibres during
      relaxation and force generation.
AB  - Rigor complexes between actin and myosin have been shown to cause increased
      binding of Ca2+ to troponin C. A similar effect of force-generating crossbridges
      has been suggested as an explanation for the coupling between load and activation
      which has been observed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. The goal of this study
      was to test the hypothesis that Ca2+-troponin affinity during crossbridge cycling
      is load-dependent. Ca2+-binding to detergent-extracted rabbit psoas fibres was
      measured during ATP-induced force generation and in the relaxed state. To compare
      Ca2+ binding in the latter two states it was necessary to establish conditions in
      which ATP-induced force could be regulated independently of free Ca2+
      concentration. Such conditions were obtained by the use of either the ATPase
      inhibitor sodium vanadate or the substitution of MgITP for MgATP as an energy
      source. This study showed that in the presence of MgATP (or MgITP) the amount of
      Ca2+ bound to the myofilaments at a given free Ca2+ concentration was independent
      of the force generated. Thus force per se is not a determinant of Ca2+-troponin
      affinity.

PMID- 3851812
TI  - Caring for aging parents: divided allegiances.

PMID- 3851813
TI  - The physical, the spiritual: can you meet all of your patient's needs?

PMID- 3851814
TI  - Temporary relocation: is it stressful to your patients?

PMID- 3851816
TI  - Geropharmacology. Drugs, older adults, and oral health.

PMID- 3851815
TI  - Growing old in China.

PMID- 3851817
TI  - Facets of dementia. Do we need special care units for dementia patients?

PMID- 3851818
TI  - Old man.

PMID- 3851819
TI  - Expression and regulation of the murine serum amyloid A (SAA) gene in
      extrahepatic sites.

PMID- 3851820
TI  - Plasmid transfer and behaviour in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus EBF65/65.
AB  - At least one plasmid from each of the incompatibility groups B, C, FIV, H2/S, I
      alpha, I delta, P, W and X was shown to be capable of transfer from Escherichia
      coli K12 to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus EBF65/65. Transfer was influenced by the
      presence of pAV2 (thought to encode a restriction-modification system) in the
      recipient strain; however, not all plasmids belonging to a particular
      incompatibility group behaved identically. All plasmids were unstable to varying
      degrees in A. calcoaceticus EBF65/65, but under suitable conditions were capable
      of transfer to further strains of EBF65/65 and re-transfer to E. coli K12. Of 40
      recently isolated trimethoprim R plasmids 31 transferred successfully from E.
      coli K12 to A. calcoaceticus EBF65/65, but 17 of these 31 required the
      introduction of a second mobilizing plasmid for re-transfer to occur.

PMID- 3851821
TI  - Church nursing: a new community health resource.

PMID- 3851822
TI  - Ethical dimensions of community health: increasing awareness.

PMID- 3851823
TI  - Clinical management of the lead-poisoned child.

PMID- 3851824
TI  - Guidelines for the administration of medication in day care centers.

PMID- 3851825
TI  - Enhancement of community health nursing services to schools.

PMID- 3851826
TI  - Using a computer data management system to measure hospital staff development
      productivity.

PMID- 3851827
TI  - A hospital nursing education manual.

PMID- 3851828
TI  - Competency-based orientation. An idea that works!

PMID- 3851829
TI  - Walk a mile in my shoes.

PMID- 3851830
TI  - Legal accountability through staff development.

PMID- 3851831
TI  - The skills fair: a revitalized teaching strategy.

PMID- 3851832
TI  - Educating new labor and delivery room nurses.
AB  - Nurses who are new to the labor and delivery area need a foundation in maternal
      newborn theory before beginning clinical practice. A model for a two-week, theory
      course for nurses orienting to the labor and delivery area is presented.

PMID- 3851833
TI  - Electronic fetal monitoring. Nursing management defined.
AB  - During the past decade, electronic fetal monitoring has been used extensively as
      a method of assessing fetal well-being. The use of fetal monitors has major
      implications for nurses. Presented are fetal monitoring nursing guidelines,
      criteria for documentation, and continuing educational programs.

PMID- 3851834
TI  - Effects of in utero exposure to DES on male progeny.
AB  - Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was prescribed for almost 30 years by physicians who
      believed the nonsteroidal synthetic estrogen was beneficial in both the treatment
      of threatened abortions and the prevention of spontaneous abortions. Toxemia,
      premature delivery, postmaturity, and stillbirth were said to be significantly
      reduced in patients who were treated with DES. The consequences of in utero
      exposure to DES on female progeny have been widely publicized. However, male
      progeny also suffer the effects of in utero exposure to DES. These effects
      include epididymal cysts, small penile size, and cryptorchidism. Altered
      reproductive capacity is suggested by diminished sperm counts and sperm
      penetration assays.

PMID- 3851835
TI  - Infant stimulation reassessed. A new approach to providing care for the preterm
      infant.
AB  - Developmental intervention is a new method of improving the care of preterm
      infants. Use of the Assessment of Preterm Infant Behavior (APIB) to determine the
      current behavioral functioning of an infant and how that information can be used
      to develop and implement an individualized program of nursing care are described.
      Three examples of individualized programs developed as a result of assessment are
      presented. General environmental guidelines for special care nursery procedures,
      parent involvement, and nurse training are given.

PMID- 3851836
TI  - Combined mother-infant nursing care.
AB  - A survey of five Canadian agencies where mother-infant nursing has been
      implemented found that there is a significant trend toward this concept of care.
      Agency characteristics, program operational details, the change process, and
      benefits are examined. Recommendations are made regarding program planning, and
      the need for more rigorous program evaluation is emphasized.

PMID- 3851837
TI  - Disposition of ethanol in maternal venous blood and the amniotic fluid.
AB  - The disposition of ethanol and acetaldehyde in maternal venous blood and amniotic
      fluid was studied over a time course following ingestion of 0.3 g/kg of ethanol
      by six healthy pregnant women at 16- to 18-weeks gestation. A time lag occurred
      in appearance and elimination of ethanol in and from the amniotic fluid when
      compared with maternal venous blood. Acetaldehyde was present in the maternal
      venous blood of four subjects but was found in the amniotic fluid in only one
      subject. Data from this clinical trial can be used by nurses who counsel pregnant
      women.

PMID- 3851838
TI  - Writing research reports.
AB  - The findings of nursing research are of little value unless they are communicated
      to other nurses and other health professionals. Therefore, writing the research
      report is an essential component of the research process. This article gives a
      general guide for the organization and presentation of a research report. For
      specific rules on style and format, the reader is referred to style manuals and
      to guides for authors for specific journals.

PMID- 3851839
TI  - Hypoalbuminemia at diagnosis as a marker for severe respiratory course in infants
      with cystic fibrosis identified by newborn screening.

PMID- 3851840
TI  - Invisible veterans. The women who served in Vietnam.

PMID- 3851841
TI  - Suicidal casework. Assessing nurses' reactions.

PMID- 3851842
TI  - The evening shift. An occasion for acting out transference phenomena.

PMID- 3851843
TI  - Physical causes of depression.

PMID- 3851844
TI  - The pregnant therapist.

PMID- 3851845
TI  - Policemen and nursing students. Crisis intervention team.

PMID- 3851846
TI  - Nursing care and treatment of the retarded mentally ill.

PMID- 3851847
TI  - Life threatening illness.

PMID- 3851848
TI  - Acylamino boronic acids and difluoroborane analogues of amino acids: potent
      inhibitors of chymotrypsin and elastase.
AB  - A series of 1-acylamino boronic acids (IA-VA), analogues of the amino acids
      phenylalanine, phenylglycine, alanine, valine, and isoleucine, were prepared as
      potential transition-state inhibitors of the serine proteases alpha-chymotrypsin
      and elastase, by a boronate homologation reaction. The corresponding
      difluoroboranes (IB-VB), produced from the boronic acids by treatment with HF,
      were more easily purified than the boronic acids. Since the difluoroboranes
      readily hydrolyze in water, they proved to be convenient precursors for the
      boronic acids. The phenylalanine and phenylglycine analogues I and II were good
      competitive inhibitors of alpha-chymotrypsin (Ki = 0.3-8 microM), and the
      alanine, valine, and isoleucine analogues (III-IV) proved to be good inhibitors
      of elastase (Ki = 0.1-35 microM). On the basis of their high affinity and the
      tendency of boronic acids to form borate complexes, these acylamino boronic acids
      may be behaving as transition-state inhibitors.

PMID- 3851849
TI  - Far-field 2.45 GHz irradiation system for cellular monolayers in vitro.
AB  - A 2.45-GHz microwave exposure facility was developed for long-term TEM
      irradiation of cellular monolayers. Culture flasks with cells attached to the
      inside bottom surface were filled with medium, submerged in a 60 X 60 X 12-cm
      water bath on the field central axis, and exposed in the far-field 2 m below the
      ceiling-mounted antenna. A quarter-wave transformer plate increased the power
      transmitted into the water bath, and treatment temperatures were maintained by
      closed circulation with an external temperature control reservoir. Power density
      mapped below the quarter-wave plate indicated uniform TEM fields in the 25 X 25
      cm region where flasks were located. With 1 kW of forward power to the antenna,
      the SAR [W/kg] = 45 exp(-0.607d) where d [cm] is the depth in water at any point
      within this area.

PMID- 3851850
TI  - Thermal haemolytic threshold of human erythrocytes.
AB  - Haemolytic thermal threshold of human erythrocytes has been determined by means
      of an especially designed microwave apparatus. Temperatures between 50 and 55
      degrees C are necessary to produce an initial haemolysis of erythrocytes in the
      whole blood, while the thermal threshold drops to 37 degrees C for red blood
      cells suspended in buffered saline. Absorbed energy measurements permit the
      conclusion that the haemolytic effect is thermal in nature.

PMID- 3851851
TI  - Comments on Frey's "Data analysis reveals significant microwave-induced eye
      damage in humans".
AB  - Frey's critique and analysis of the Appleton-McCrossan and Appleton et al studies
      were examined. Frey is criticized for: ignoring pooling problems in his chi
      square test; not analyzing the opacity data in Appleton et al; not analyzing the
      data on vacuoles and posterior subcapsular iridescence in Appleton and McCrossan
      and Appleton et al; and failing to do log-linear analysis which is appropriate
      for the design in the two studies. Application of log-linear tests to the opacity
      data in both studies leads to the conclusion that subject age was significantly
      associated with the occurrence of opacities, but, contrary to Frey's conclusion,
      microwave radiation was not.

PMID- 3851852
TI  - Teamwork in the office-based surgical center.

PMID- 3851853
TI  - Diagnosis: diabetic blindness. Your patient needs instruction.

PMID- 3851854
TI  - Rigid lenses and the astigmatic eye.

PMID- 3851855
TI  - Assessing ophthalmic signs in patients with AIDS.

PMID- 3851856
TI  - Burns from contact with wet cement or hardening concrete.

PMID- 3851857
TI  - [Studies on the intravenous administration of aspoxicillin in the pediatric
      field].
AB  - Fundamental and clinical studies were made on the intravenous administration of
      aspoxicillin (ASPC) in pediatric field and the following results were obtained.
      The peak serum concentrations of 15.6-84.0 micrograms/ml were seen immediately
      after a 1-hour drip infusion of 10-30 mg/kg, there being seen a clear dose
      response. The half-life was 0.78-1.67 hours and the measurable concentrations
      were detected in the serum up to 6 hours after administration. The urinary
      excretion rate was 44.1-78.6% up to 6 hours after drip infusion. Twenty-four
      patients with acute respiratory tract infection (21 cases), urinary tract
      infection (3 cases) were treated with ASPC by drip infusion of 50-107 mg/kg/day
      for 5-15 days and resulted in 100% of good response. S. pyogenes, S. viridans, E.
      coli, H. influenzae and P. aeruginosa were isolated form the culture of sputum or
      urine in the patients, and they were all eradicated by treatment with ASPC except
      P. aeruginosa. No side effects were observed except the elevation of GOT and GPT
      in 1 case. From the above results, it is concluded that ASPC is one of useful
      drug for treatment of infections in pediatric field.

PMID- 3851858
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of aspoxicillin in children].
AB  - Aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new penicillin for injection, was evaluated for its
      efficacy and safety in 29 children with bacterial infection (Table 1), and the
      following results were obtained. MICs of ASPC to 26 strains of isolated organisms
      are shown in Table 2. MICs to 4 out of 13 strains of H. influenzae were higher
      than 6.25 micrograms/ml. MICs to 5 strains of S. pneumoniae were lower than 0.78
      microgram/ml and 1 out of 3 strains of S. aureus and 1 strain of E. coli showed
      higher MICs than 100 micrograms/ml. ASPC was administered in 3 or 4 divided doses
      at a daily dosage ranging from 21 to 98 mg/kg by 30 minutes drip infusion or
      intravenous injection to 29 patients (16 cases of pneumonia, 8 cases of
      tonsillitis, 3 cases of bronchitis, 1 case of urinary tract infection, 1 case of
      impetigo) and the following clinical results were obtained: excellent; 11 cases,
      good; 11 cases, fair; 3 cases, poor; 1 case. The overall efficacy rate was 85%
      (Table 3, 4). No clinical side-effects were observed in any of the patients.
      Leukopenia was noted in 1 case. Slight elevation of GOT and GPT was noted in 2
      cases, and minimal elevation of GOT was observed in other 2 cases (Table 5).
      These data suggest that ASPC is an useful new antibiotic in the treatment of
      children with susceptible bacterial infection and may be used as the first choice
      antibiotic for the treatment of respiratory tract infection in children.

PMID- 3851859
TI  - [Laboratory and clinical studies on aspoxicillin in the field of pediatrics].
AB  - Laboratory and clinical studies were carried out with aspoxicillin (TA-058,
      ASPC), a new semisynthetic penicillin, in pediatric infectious disease, and
      following results were obtained. The average serum concentrations of ASPC after
      intravenous injection were 53.6, 151.2 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 28.0, 72.8
      micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 17.6, 43.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 7.0, 19.9
      micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 0.3, 1.8 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, when the doses were
      20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively. The mean half-lives of ASPC in blood after
      injection were 0.87 hour and 1.1 hours when the doses were 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg,
      respectively. The mean recovery rates in the urine during 6 hours after
      intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg were 62.0 and 62.8%, respectively.
      The antibacterial activity of ASPC against clinically isolated organisms was
      determined. ASPC had good activity against H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, S.
      pneumoniae and S. pyogenes. Thirty-four patients; 26 cases of respiratory tract
      infections, 6 cases of urinary tract infections, 1 case of bacterial meningitis
      and 1 case of bacterial lymphadenitis, were treated with 57.0-159 mg/kg daily
      dose of ASPC for 4-19 days. The rate of satisfactory clinical response was 85.3%.
      As to side effects, loose stool was observed in 3 cases, slight elevation of GOT
      & GPT and elevation of platelet were noted, in 2 cases, respectively. All were
      transient and considered to be minor.

PMID- 3851860
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on aspoxicillin in the pediatric field].
AB  - Fundamental and clinical studies of aspoxicillin (ASPC, TA-058), a new penicillin
      antibiotic, were performed in pediatric field. Antimicrobial activity MIC of ASPC
      was compared with that of piperacillin (PIPC), ampicillin (ABPC) and
      carbenicillin (CBPC) for clinical isolates of S. aureus (24 strains), S. pyogenes
      (22 strains), H. influenzae (18 strains), E. coli (21 strains) and K. pneumoniae
      (23 strains). MIC of ASPC against S. pyogenes was distributed in less than 0.39
      microgram/ml and this numerical value of MIC was very superior. MIC distributions
      of ASPC against S. aureus, H. influenzae and E. coli had 2 peaks respectively. It
      was presumed that the results are due to an existence of beta-lactamase producing
      strains. The sensitive strains in those were distributed in less than 1.56-12.5,
      less than or equal to 0.10 and 0.78-3.13 micrograms/ml, respectively, and those
      numerical value of MIC was superior. While against K. pneumoniae, all strains
      were distributed in more than 12.5 micrograms/ml and the antimicrobial activity
      of ASPC was very inferior. ASPC was as active as PIPC and ABPC against S.
      pyogenes, but more active then CBPC, ASPC was less active against S. aureus than
      PIPC and ABPC, but more active than CBPC. And ASPC was less active against H.
      influenzae and E. coli than PIPC, but more active than ABPC and CBPC. Against K.
      pneumoniae, strains that showed somewhat low numerical value of MIC at only PIPC
      were observed, but antimicrobial activities of ABPC and CBPC, as well as ASPC
      were very inferior. Absorption and excretion Serum level and urinary excretion of
      ASPC in 6 pediatric patients of 4 months to 12 years of age after one shot
      intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg were examined. The serum mean levels were 51.7
      micrograms/ml at 1/4 hour, 38.2 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour, 22.9 micrograms/ml at
      1 hour, 3.0 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 1.0 microgram/ml at 6 hours after
      injection, respectively. The mean half-life of serum level was 1.03 hours. The
      mean urinary levels were 4,646 micrograms/ml for 0-2 hours, 1,773 micrograms/ml
      for 2-4 hours and 299 micrograms/ml for 4-6 hours. The mean urinary recovery rate
      within 6 hours after injection was 64.7%. Clinical studies In order to evaluate
      clinical response, bacteriological response and side effects, ASPC was applied to
      28 cases, i.e., 5 cases of acute purulent tonsillitis, 2 cases of acute purulent
      otitis media, 2 cases of acute bronchitis and 19 cases of acute
      pneumonia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3851862
TI  - [Clinical studies on aspoxicillin in the field of pediatrics].
AB  - Clinical studies were performed as follows on aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new
      semisynthetic penicillin. ASPC was intravenously given to 12 patients in doses of
      57.7-129.0 mg/kg on average) t.i.d. or q.i.d. for 4-7 days (5.7 days on average):
      9 with pneumonia, 1 with tonsillitis, 1 with purulent lymphadenitis and 1 with
      urinary tract infection. The overall efficacy rate was 83.3%, i.e. efficacy was
      excellent in 8 (66.7%), good in 2 (16.7%), fair in 1 (8.3%) and poor in 1 (8.3%).
      Bacteriological efficacy was excellent, i.e. 6 of the 6 strains disappeared. No
      clinical side effects were observed during treatment. Laboratory abnormalities
      were observed in 3 cases, slight elevation of GOT in 1, slight elevations of GOT
      and GPT in 1 and mild eosinophilia in 1. The above results suggest that ASPC is
      an useful antibiotic for treating pediatric bacterial infections.

PMID- 3851861
TI  - [Clinical and laboratory evaluation of aspoxicillin in the pediatric field].
AB  - The authors have carried out the clinical and laboratory evaluation of
      aspoxicillin (ASPC, TA-058). The results were as follows: Antibacterial
      activities The susceptibility to ASPC was estimated by plate dilution method on
      26 strains each of S. aureus, E. coli, Salmonella and P. aeruginosa and 19
      strains of S. marcescens isolated from clinical specimens. Minimum inhibitory
      concentration (MIC) of ASPC against E. coli and Salmonella was about twice active
      to compare with ampicillin (ABPC), but MIC of ASPC against S. aureus was two-fold
      less active than that of ABPC. Antimicrobial activities of ASPC against S.
      marcescens were similar to that of ABPC, while against P. aeruginosa its
      activities were two-fold higher than that of carbenicillin. Serum levels and
      urinary excretions When ASPC was administered at 20 mg/kg by one shot intravenous
      injection, serum concentration was 75 micrograms/ml after 15 minutes and half
      life (T 1/2 beta) was 1.65 hours. Urinary excretion within 6 hours after ASPC
      injection reached to 245.6 mg (26.1%). The reason of this law urinary excretion
      rate was due to the underlying disease (hydronephrosis). In case of 20 mg/kg
      administration of ASPC by intravenous drip infusion, peak serum level reached to
      88 micrograms/ml at the end of injection, and half-life (T 1/2 beta) was 0.77
      hour. Since ASPC degradation by beta-lactamase was proceeded, urinary excretion
      of this case was not measured by microbiological method. Penicillonic acid and
      its epimer were detected by HPLC method. It was found that beta-lactamase
      producing strain was S. marcescens which was isolated by urine culture.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3851863
TI  - [Clinical experience with aspoxicillin in the pediatric field].
AB  - Aspoxicillin (TA-058, ASPC) was given intravenously to 20 children with the
      following acute bacterial infections; 11 cases of bronchopneumonia, 5 cases of
      urinary tract infection, 2 cases of acute bronchitis, 1 case of staphylococcal
      scalded skin syndrome and 1 case of subcutaneous abscess. Clinical effectiveness
      was obtained in 14 cases out of 20 cases (70%) and bacteriological eradication in
      8 cases out of 10 cases (80%). With ASPC the following side effects developed;
      transient diarrhea in 1 case, eruption in 1 case and slight elevation of GOT in 1
      case. From the above clinical results, it is apparent that ASPC is an useful
      antibiotic for treating pediatric patients with various kinds of bacterial
      infections.

PMID- 3851864
TI  - [Fundamental studies on aspoxicillin in the field of gynecology. Penetration of
      the drug into the genital organs and the dead space fluid. Antibacterial activity
      of the drug against various strains of clinical isolates].
AB  - A new semisynthetic penicillin aspoxicillin (ASPC, TA-058) has been evaluated in
      regard to distribution into the genital organs and the dead space fluid and also
      in regard to antibiotic activity against various strains clinically isolated in
      the field of gynecology. The pharmacokinetic studies were made by using two
      compartment model on the data of concentration in ovary, oviduct, endometrium,
      myometrium, cervix uteri and portio vaginalis of the genital organs and in dead
      space fluid. The following results were obtained. After one shot intravenous
      administration of 2.0 g ASPC, no marked difference was observed in concentration
      pattern between peripheral vein and uterine artery. Half-lives were 1.8 hours and
      3.5 hours, respectively. The concentrations in various tissues of genital organs
      reached to the maximum at 36.2-73.6 micrograms/g during 0.07-0.44 hour with half
      life varied from 0.53 to 1.3 hours. Area under the curves (AUC) of various
      tissues were reached to 30-65% of that uterine artery. After 2.0 g administration
      of ASPC drip intravenously (d.i.v.; for 30 or 60 minutes), there are no
      remarkable difference on simulation curve of concentration between peripheral
      vein and uterine artery. The peak level of various tissues attained to 22.5-40.3
      micrograms/g during 0.53-0.56 hours and AUC of their concentration achieved about
      20-40% of that of uterine artery after intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes.
      After intravenous drip infusion for 60 minutes, tissue level reached to the
      maximum during 1.01-1.82 hours with half-life of 0.65-1.4 hours and AUC of tissue
      concentration achieved about 20-57% of that of uterine artery. The concentration
      of the drug in dead space fluid was reached to the maximum at 3.1 hours after the
      administration and its half-life was 5.3 hours. The in vitro activities of ASPC
      against clinical isolates were examined. The values of MIC70 and MIC80 were
      ranged 0.35-5.1 micrograms/ml against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis and
      P. mirabilis, respectively. Against E. coli, the value of MIC70 was attained 2.9
      micrograms/ml, however, the value of MIC80 was more than 100 micrograms/ml due to
      the two-peaked activity of this drug against the bacteria. AUC and duration time
      of various tissue concentration were scrutinized regarding to the value of MIC80
      of ASPC against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis and P. mirabilis.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3851865
TI  - Tolerance to ozone in emphysematous rats.
AB  - Pulmonary emphysema was induced in rats by a single intratracheal instillation of
      swine pancreatic elastase. After adequate development of the pulmonary emphysema,
      the animals were initially exposed to 1.9 ppm ozone for 3 hrs, and 3 days later,
      challenge-exposed to 5.1 ppm ozone for 3 hrs and immediately sacrificed to
      investigate the extent of the development of tolerance to ozone judged by the
      formation of edema. Although the body weights of the pulmonary emphysematous rats
      were the same as those of the saline-treated control rats, the lung weights of
      the former were heavier. The extent of the edema formation by ozone and of the
      tolerance to ozone of the pulmonary emphysematous rats seemed to be quite similar
      to those of the saline-treated control rats. On the other hand, although the
      exposure of the saline-treated control rats to 1.9 ppm ozone for 3 hrs resulted
      in an increase in lung weight without edema 3 days after the exposure, the
      pulmonary emphysematous rats did not show such a response.

PMID- 3851866
TI  - [Bedside care of the aged with senile dementia. Direction in the care of the
      demented patients--care to preserve human dignity].

PMID- 3851867
TI  - [Bedside care of the aged with senile dementia. The relationship between the
      psychiatric state of the patient and the care].

PMID- 3851868
TI  - [Bedside care of the aged with senile dementia. Diagnosis and treatment of senile
      dementia--the care at the department of neurosurgery].

PMID- 3851869
TI  - [Bedside care of the aged with senile dementia. Diagnosis and treatment of senile
      dementia--care at the psychiatric department].

PMID- 3851870
TI  - [Bedside care of the aged with senile dementia. Rehabilitation of demented
      patients].

PMID- 3851871
TI  - [Disabilities of senile dementia patients in daily activities and related
      nursing. Meals].

PMID- 3851873
TI  - [Disabilities of senile dementia patients in daily activities and related
      nursing. Sleep].

PMID- 3851872
TI  - [Disabilities of senile dementia patients in daily activities and related
      nursing. Personal hygiene].

PMID- 3851875
TI  - [Nursing of an aged patient with symptoms of postoperative dementia].

PMID- 3851874
TI  - [Disabilities of senile dementia patients in daily activities and related
      nursing. Personal safety].

PMID- 3851876
TI  - [Total care of senile dementia. Assistance in the recovery of a patient with a
      loss of physical functions due to extensive immobilization].

PMID- 3851877
TI  - [Total care of senile dementia. Terminal care of the demented patients].

PMID- 3851878
TI  - [Home care of patients with senile dementia. The current status of the families
      of demented patients at home and the role of the nursing profession].

PMID- 3851880
TI  - [Home care of patients with senile dementia].

PMID- 3851879
TI  - [Home care of patients with senile dementia. Assistance of demented patients at
      home and support to their families].

PMID- 3851881
TI  - [Nursing of refractory nervous system diseases--case studies].

PMID- 3851883
TI  - [Clinical chemistry using the saliva--with special reference to its application
      to the renal function test].

PMID- 3851882
TI  - [Treatment of tinnitus].

PMID- 3851884
TI  - [Development of the artificial membrane incorporating cells].

PMID- 3851885
TI  - [Management of thoracic injuries].

PMID- 3851886
TI  - [Management of hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn].

PMID- 3851887
TI  - [Nursing of newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia].

PMID- 3851889
TI  - [Urostomy not requiring a catheter].

PMID- 3851888
TI  - [Helping families of patients with Alzheimer's disease].

PMID- 3851890
TI  - [A circle of communication in patient education].

PMID- 3851891
TI  - [Report from the Hawaiian nursing seminar. Changing American nursing].

PMID- 3851892
TI  - [Disabilities of senile dementia patients in daily activities and related
      nursing. Excretion].

PMID- 3851893
TI  - [Primary care in pancreatic diseases--diagnosis of pancreatic diseases].

PMID- 3851894
TI  - [Current status and problems in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer].

PMID- 3851895
TI  - [Diagnostic criteria of chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 3851896
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 3851897
TI  - [X-ray CT diagnosis of the pancreas].

PMID- 3851898
TI  - [Excision of the pancreatic head and duodenum--surgical technic and postoperative
      care].

PMID- 3851899
TI  - [Management of pain caused by pancreatic lesions].

PMID- 3851900
TI  - [Actions and standard of nursing of a patient with acute pancreatitis--an
      experience with a case associated with respiratory complications and psychiatric
      symptoms].

PMID- 3851901
TI  - [Post-discharge nursing actions directed to a patient following total
      pancreatectomy].

PMID- 3851902
TI  - [Relationship between diseases and food habits in patients with gastrointestinal
      disorders].

PMID- 3851903
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with cancer of the pancreatic head--nursing following
      excision of the pancreatic head and duodenum. A case study].

PMID- 3851904
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with alcoholic pancreatitis].

PMID- 3851905
TI  - [Nursing approach to a patient with pancreatic diabetes].

PMID- 3851906
TI  - [On the nursing standard in Ravonal therapy of acute cerebral disorders].

PMID- 3851907
TI  - [Re-evaluation of the duration of the use of the infusion set--a study on
      bacterial contamination of the infusion line].

PMID- 3851909
TI  - [Mortality in childhood asthma].

PMID- 3851908
TI  - [Lithotripsy apparatus using extracorporeal shock waves for the treatment of
      renal calculi].

PMID- 3851910
TI  - [Laser therapy of pharyngeal cancer].

PMID- 3851911
TI  - [Orthostatic dysregulation].

PMID- 3851912
TI  - [Agents used in the treatment of shock. (1). Cardiac vasoactive agents].

PMID- 3851913
TI  - [Problems in social rehabilitation of patients following brain surgery].

PMID- 3851915
TI  - [Management of nephrostomy and urostomy catheters].

PMID- 3851914
TI  - [Contamination of infusion fluid preparation. (2). The current status and
      management of the problem].

PMID- 3851916
TI  - [Therapeutic effects of diabetes education--evaluation of the diabetes education
      program].

PMID- 3851917
TI  - [Report on the Hawaiian nursing seminar. 2. Home health nursing].

PMID- 3851918
TI  - [Dialog: relation between theory and practice].

PMID- 3851920
TI  - [Perspectives on nursing theory].

PMID- 3851919
TI  - [A model for theory development in nursing].

PMID- 3851921
TI  - [Models for nursing].

PMID- 3851922
TI  - [The need for a practice theory as indicated by the knowledge used in the conduct
      of practice].

PMID- 3851924
TI  - [Beckstrand's concept of practice theory: a critique].

PMID- 3851923
TI  - [A critique of several conceptions of practice theory in nursing].

PMID- 3851925
TI  - [The approach to English monograph. Implications and limitations. 2].

PMID- 3851926
TI  - [In a corner of the laboratory. 2. "Amae" and self-control].

PMID- 3851927
TI  - [For beginners of nursing research. Report: about setting of a standard time of
      bed making].

PMID- 3851928
TI  - [Young public health nurses' attitude toward public health services.
      Reaffirmation of the professional awareness].

PMID- 3851930
TI  - [Young public health nurses' attitude toward public health services. Trials and
      tribulations of a profession].

PMID- 3851929
TI  - [Young public health nurses' attitude toward public health services. Motivation
      in the profession].

PMID- 3851931
TI  - [Young public health nurses' attitude toward public health services.
      Determination for further effort after one year's experience].

PMID- 3851932
TI  - [Young public health nurses' attitude toward public health services. Need for
      interprofessional cooperation and satisfaction in the performance of duty].

PMID- 3851933
TI  - [Group work to learn the importance of independent actions and mutual support by
      the members--a study of the basis of group activities].

PMID- 3851934
TI  - [Positive approach in understanding comprehensive health care to restore
      humanity: a theory of two-in-one to nurture health personnel with active
      attitudes].

PMID- 3851935
TI  - [A format in health education in regional public health activities--training in
      self-examination of the breast for the detection of breast cancer].

PMID- 3851936
TI  - [Episiotomy and perineal rupture. A study of the healing process].

PMID- 3851937
TI  - [10th Scandinavian Congress in Perinatology in Turku, 28-30 August 1985].

PMID- 3851938
TI  - [Relief services in Ethiopia].

PMID- 3851939
TI  - [Translation from "The Best of Image". Philosophy, science, theory:
      interrelationships and implications for nursing research].

PMID- 3851940
TI  - [Nursing and housekeeping. Current status of domestic science].

PMID- 3851941
TI  - [Study on participants of HNA academic assembly].

PMID- 3851942
TI  - [Report of ICM conference in Sydney, Australia].

PMID- 3851943
TI  - [Workshop for clinical instructors (organized by JNA Tokyo Branch)].

PMID- 3851944
TI  - [Nursing and housekeeping. Visiting nursing and "philosophy of household"].

PMID- 3851945
TI  - [Nurses helped me to recover from lung cancer].

PMID- 3851946
TI  - [Nursing and housekeeping. Ward is home for sick people--from the viewpoint of
      rehabilitation nursing].

PMID- 3851947
TI  - [Nursing and housekeeping. Similarity of nursing science and domestic science].

PMID- 3851948
TI  - [Nursing and housekeeping. Learning of "thoughtful consideration" in nursing
      education].

PMID- 3851949
TI  - [Nursing diagnosis. II].

PMID- 3851950
TI  - [Verbs and our life: act].

PMID- 3851951
TI  - [Spotlight: Miyuki Doi, who provides welfare visits to homebound clients with
      reasonable service charge].

PMID- 3851952
TI  - [Teaching poetry at nursing school. 17. For better imagination training].

PMID- 3851953
TI  - [Visiting nursing service in USA. 3].

PMID- 3851954
TI  - [Visiting nursing service in U.S.A. 4].

PMID- 3851955
TI  - [Evaluation of nursing service administration by system chart].

PMID- 3851957
TI  - [Translation from: The Best of Image. The paradoxical nature of nursing
      research].

PMID- 3851956
TI  - [Ministry of Welfare: appointment of nursing system deliberation committee].

PMID- 3851958
TI  - [Bitter feeling is sometimes enlightening].

PMID- 3851959
TI  - [Provision of information. Patients are well informed in our hospice].

PMID- 3851960
TI  - [Provision of information. Physician-patient-nurse relationship based on sharing
      of information].

PMID- 3851961
TI  - [Provision of information. Physician and nurse--do they agree on sharing
      information with each other and with the patient?].

PMID- 3851962
TI  - [Provision of information. Round-table talk: informed patients and better health
      care].

PMID- 3851963
TI  - [Provision of information. In cases of pediatric patients].

PMID- 3851964
TI  - [Nursing diagnosis. 2].

PMID- 3851965
TI  - [Study on the PHN participants of FNA academic assembly].

PMID- 3851966
TI  - [Spotlight: Shigeru Ishimoto, six months as director of Environment Bureau].

PMID- 3851967
TI  - [Verbs in our life--weep].

PMID- 3851968
TI  - [Teaching poetry at school of nursing. 18. For better imagination].

PMID- 3851969
TI  - [Pills and cancer/drug-induced Parkinson's disease].

PMID- 3851970
TI  - Continuing education at a community college.

PMID- 3851971
TI  - Dedicated nurses have fostered Kansas public health.

PMID- 3851972
TI  - Still the most important factor in public health.

PMID- 3851973
TI  - Acute to home care: managing the transition.

PMID- 3851974
TI  - Decreased total and active urinary kallikrein in normotensive Dahl salt
      susceptible rats.
AB  - Abnormalities in the kallikrein-kinin system have been found in human and animal
      models of essential hypertension. The purpose of this study is to assess the
      kallikrein-kinin system in normotensive Dahl salt sensitive (S) and salt
      resistant (R) rats on a zero sodium diet. Urinary kallikrein was measured at 7
      and 12 wk of age by different techniques. When kallikrein activity was assessed,
      by a kininogenase assay, S rats excreted 66% (P less than 0.001) and 75% (P less
      than 0.01) as much kallikrein as R rats at 7 and 12 wk of age. Using an
      artificial substrate method (Kabi S-2266), S rats excreted 30% (P less than
      0.001) and 56% (P less than 0.05) as much kallikrein as R rats at 7 and 12 weeks,
      respectively. Using a technique to measure total kallikrein, S rats excreted 53%
      (P less than 0.001) and 65% (P less than 0.05) as much kallikrein as R rats at 7
      and 12 wk of age. Normotensive S rats failed to increase maximally kallikrein
      activity or total kallikrein when the diet was switched from a .4% to a .0064%
      sodium chloride diet. There was no difference in inhibitors, as measured by the
      recovery of purified kallikrein added to S and R urine (56 +/- 21% vs. 53 +/-
      13%). Km values for S and R urinary kallikrein were similar (3.1 +/- .5 X 10(-5)
      vs. 2.6 +/- .5 X 10(-5) M/liter). Trypsin-activatable kallikrein was equivalent
      in the S and R rats on the .0064% and .4% sodium chloride diet.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3851976
TI  - An experimental study of the effects of supportive nursing intervention on family
      support behavior and sick role behavior.

PMID- 3851975
TI  - The early diagnosis of impending coagulopathies following surgery and multiple
      trauma.
AB  - Blood coagulation problems, either disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
      or adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are frequent complications during
      the recovery of the polytraumatized surgical patient or accident victims. The key
      to their successful control lies in prompt recognition and aggressive treatment
      of the disease as soon as it appears. Unfortunately their onset is not usually
      well defined clinically and success in handling usually depends upon clinical
      expertise in recognising "high risk" situations coupled with measurements in the
      haematological laboratory of changes in plasma coagulation factors. It is
      suggested in this communication that a relatively simple examination of plasma
      complement profiles in the high risk, intensive care patient, may not only
      provide early warning of the onset of a coagulopathy but also distinguish the
      type. Simple tests are described, based on the assessment of plasma complement C5
      levels, which have a high predictive value for the onset of ARDS, a disease with
      few early clinical manifestations and notably lacking in early changes in
      haematological parameters. In prospective trials complement tests correctly
      identified 18 patients who later developed ARDS but were no more effective than
      haematological tests in the identification of 24 patients who subsequently
      developed DIC.

PMID- 3851977
TI  - [Primary health care in the Sin Nam Community Health Post].

PMID- 3851978
TI  - [Infanticide--murder or mercy].

PMID- 3851979
TI  - Creative use of college laboratory in nursing education.

PMID- 3851980
TI  - An experimental study of the effects of sensory stimulation on the low birth
      weight infant's early growth and development.

PMID- 3851981
TI  - [Strategies for improving professionalism].

PMID- 3851982
TI  - [Basic nursing education system].

PMID- 3851983
TI  - [Continuing education system].

PMID- 3851984
TI  - [Air correspondence education].

PMID- 3851985
TI  - [Open college system].

PMID- 3851986
TI  - [Nursing: today and tomorrow].

PMID- 3851987
TI  - [New system-distance learning program].

PMID- 3851988
TI  - [Role expansion of community nurse].

PMID- 3851990
TI  - [Role expansion of community nurse. II. Family nurse practitioner].

PMID- 3851989
TI  - [Role expansion of community nurse. I. Community nurse practitioner].

PMID- 3851991
TI  - [Role expansion of community nurse. III. School nurse practitioner].

PMID- 3851992
TI  - [Role expansion of community nurse. IV. Occupation health nurse practitioner].

PMID- 3851993
TI  - [Mission in Ladakh. Working with Tibetan refugees].

PMID- 3851994
TI  - [An action group for primary health care].

PMID- 3851995
TI  - [The nurse and first aid. A totally different task].

PMID- 3851996
TI  - [Do we want to be full-time partners in the field of public health?].

PMID- 3851997
TI  - [Health visits. Putting the accent on quality].

PMID- 3851998
TI  - [Patient safety. Does one need to change intravenous perfusion delivery systems
      every 48 hours?].

PMID- 3851999
TI  - [Important changes. Medico-ethical directives for the treatment of sterility with
      fertilization in vitro and embryo transfer (1985 version)].

PMID- 3852000
TI  - [Fight against AIDS. First-level information and education].

PMID- 3852001
TI  - [The hospice movement. Lovingly taken care of till the end].

PMID- 3852002
TI  - [A birth in the Brazilian plains. For the love of God!].

PMID- 3852003
TI  - [Transitional care--a nursing concept from Vienna. No fear for brain
      deterioration in old age].

PMID- 3852004
TI  - [Brief lesson in jurisprudence for male and female nurses. 3. Who is to blame for
      mistakes?].

PMID- 3852005
TI  - [After the Montebello process: a work document. 2. Quality of care and
      professional autonomy].

PMID- 3852006
TI  - [5-year experience with sterile and pyrogen-free irrigation solutions in
      transurethral surgery].

PMID- 3852007
TI  - [Truth at the bedside. Shock or aid?].

PMID- 3852008
TI  - [Therapy of extensive burns].

PMID- 3852009
TI  - [Diagnosis, clinical aspects and therapy of urogenital tuberculosis].

PMID- 3852010
TI  - [The computer in the hospital. Problems, goals and examples of application
      possibilities].

PMID- 3852011
TI  - [The significance of radioimmunoassays].

PMID- 3852012
TI  - [Clinical aspects and therapy of mucoviscidosis (cystic fibrosis)].

PMID- 3852013
TI  - [Life style. Living in a kibbutz].

PMID- 3852014
TI  - [Care of tumor patients in the hospital].

PMID- 3852015
TI  - [Instruction of student's practice of visiting care].

PMID- 3852016
TI  - [Learning of human relation in nursing through experience of encounter group].

PMID- 3852017
TI  - [A method to instruct the student in case study of nursing].

PMID- 3852019
TI  - [Continuing nursing through telephone consultation].

PMID- 3852018
TI  - [Telephone consultation and networking of health care].

PMID- 3852020
TI  - [Continuing nursing through telephone consultation].

PMID- 3852021
TI  - [Counselor's attitude in telephone consultation].

PMID- 3852022
TI  - [Home care in the highly advanced information society].

PMID- 3852023
TI  - [A study on the effect of body cleansing on the temperature of anemia patients].

PMID- 3852024
TI  - [Humanization of sciences, and women's studies: case of the field of psychology
      (dialog)].

PMID- 3852025
TI  - [STAT: special techniques in assertiveness training for women in the health
      professions].

PMID- 3852027
TI  - Nursing organizations endorse entry.

PMID- 3852026
TI  - [The role of management affairs on ward nursing of assistant nursing director].

PMID- 3852028
TI  - We call it partnership: job-sharing a middle-management position.

PMID- 3852029
TI  - The nurse--an advocate for the public.

PMID- 3852030
TI  - Behavioral risks and pregnancy outcome: attitudes and practices of OB/GYNs.

PMID- 3852031
TI  - Preterm delivery and patient education.

PMID- 3852032
TI  - "Life-style" factors and pregnancy outcome.

PMID- 3852033
TI  - Patient motivation during pregnancy.

PMID- 3852034
TI  - Alcohol and drug use in pregnancy: a case for management.

PMID- 3852035
TI  - Influencing pregnancy outcome through nutrition and dietary changes.

PMID- 3852036
TI  - INPUT pledge drive: dollars = political clout.

PMID- 3852037
TI  - Cost savings through competition. Testimony in support of third party
      reimbursement for nurses.

PMID- 3852040
TI  - The community midwife in maternity care.

PMID- 3852038
TI  - Communicating with your legislators.

PMID- 3852039
TI  - Where obstetrics fail.

PMID- 3852041
TI  - Congenital hypothyroidism.

PMID- 3852043
TI  - "Breath of change". Dame Rosalind Paget memorial lecture.

PMID- 3852042
TI  - When your patients ask about contraception for the middle years.

PMID- 3852044
TI  - Neonatal screening with emphasis on congenital hypothyroidism. Sir William Power
      memorial lecture.

PMID- 3852045
TI  - Teaching postnatal exercises.

PMID- 3852046
TI  - The midwifery process--does it work?

PMID- 3852047
TI  - Supporting bereaved parents: a program for the NICU.

PMID- 3852048
TI  - The management of the mechanically ventilated infant receiving pancuronium
      bromide (Pavulon).

PMID- 3852049
TI  - Examining the issue of tactile stimulation for preterm infants.

PMID- 3852050
TI  - Use of thrombolytic medications in the neonate.

PMID- 3852051
TI  - Arterial blood gas sampling (micro method). Policies and procedures.

PMID- 3852052
TI  - Trauma--but for whom?

PMID- 3852053
TI  - Computers in nursing.

PMID- 3852054
TI  - Pressure sores and the orthopaedic traction--yet another skin area to protect.

PMID- 3852056
TI  - Reliability and validity basics for evaluating classification systems.

PMID- 3852055
TI  - Time management for the nurse executive.

PMID- 3852057
TI  - Financing faculty practice: elements of a strategic plan.

PMID- 3852058
TI  - Becoming an independent consultant: essentials to consider.

PMID- 3852059
TI  - Public health nurse administrators: coping with competition.

PMID- 3852060
TI  - Grant budgeting: preparation and management.

PMID- 3852062
TI  - Nursing--towards the year 2000.

PMID- 3852061
TI  - Nurse Practitioner Associates for Continuing Education (NPACE).

PMID- 3852063
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Ethics of madness.

PMID- 3852064
TI  - Focus on restraint.

PMID- 3852065
TI  - Hazardous situation.

PMID- 3852067
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. AGM action.

PMID- 3852066
TI  - Tearing nursing's heart out.

PMID- 3852068
TI  - Call on all nurses to speak out about what is happening with regard to Griffiths.

PMID- 3852069
TI  - It's time students were granted the rights to be treated as adults.

PMID- 3852070
TI  - College agrees radical policy on ENs future.

PMID- 3852071
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Towards unity.

PMID- 3852073
TI  - The post-Rayner plight facing homeless nurses today.

PMID- 3852072
TI  - Think about it--would you like to be a client of the NHS now?

PMID- 3852074
TI  - Testimony for Hearing on LR140.

PMID- 3852075
TI  - Nurse-managed gerontological centers.

PMID- 3852076
TI  - At issue--entry into practice.

PMID- 3852077
TI  - Moral thinking and government policy: the Warnock Committee on Human Embryology.
AB  - A parliamentary committee of inquiry was convened in response to growing concern-
      among the general public and the scientific community--about new techniques in
      human fertilization and research in embryology. The committee had to enter that
      jurisprudential minefield, the theoretical relation between morality and the law.
      When issues arise in which there is no historical tradition, the voice of
      morality may be genuinely confused and uncertain. But the law, unlike moral
      opinion, cannot be contradictory; it must be definite, unambiguous, and
      universally applicable.

PMID- 3852078
TI  - Cognitive aspects of health survey methodology: an overview.
AB  - The past 25 years have seen the development of a wide variety of sample surveys
      dealing with the nature and distribution of illness and disability, and with the
      utilization of health care services. The sample survey is currently the most
      widespread and influential instrument for judging the health status of the nation
      and for guiding health policy. The knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes of survey
      respondents "subjectively" affect what the survey seeks to "objectively" measure.
      Even as statistical sampling has been refined, so is it important to reexamine
      what the cognitive sciences have to offer for survey interview structure and
      content.

PMID- 3852079
TI  - Laboratory-based research on the Cognitive Aspects of Survey Methodology: the
      goals and methods of the National Center for Health Statistics study.
AB  - The National Center for Health Statistics is embarked on a major project to
      combine the respective strengths of cognitive psychologists and survey
      researchers in a common effort to improve the design of survey questionnaires.
      This methodological research is conducted within the framework of the National
      Health Interview Survey, the nation's main source of information on the health of
      civilians. Better quality of such information--from recall to response rates--can
      aid both scientific inquiry and public policy.

PMID- 3852080
TI  - Recalling pain and other symptoms.
AB  - Questions relating to symptoms are an important ingredient in many surveys of
      health status. Yet, the understanding of mechanisms for the recall of pain, and
      the cognitive aspects of memory for pain and other symptoms, have eluded
      investigators. Even within limits imposed by current imperfect knowledge of the
      physiology of pain, more collaborative research on recall would improve the
      completeness and accuracy of clinical diagnostic interviews, insurance
      adjudications, morbidity statistics, and health survey interviews.

PMID- 3852081
TI  - Interpreting the white blood cell count in the cancer chemotherapy patient.
      Nursing responsibilities.

PMID- 3852082
TI  - Preventing hepatitis B.

PMID- 3852083
TI  - Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis successfully treated with outpatient
      amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine.

PMID- 3852085
TI  - Appealing to personality types.

PMID- 3852084
TI  - Amphotericin B extravasation. A case report.

PMID- 3852086
TI  - Clinical comparison of three volumetric infusion pumps.

PMID- 3852087
TI  - Home i.v. therapy. A hospital-based program.

PMID- 3852088
TI  - Comparison of application factors among three brands of transparent semipermeable
      films for peripheral i.v.s.

PMID- 3852089
TI  - Preparing for the 1986 credentialing exam.

PMID- 3852090
TI  - Standards and credentialing. A forum on quality i.v. practice.

PMID- 3852091
TI  - NITA ... excellence in action.

PMID- 3852093
TI  - Discharge planning for the home care i.v. therapy patient.

PMID- 3852092
TI  - Guidelines for caring for the AIDS patient in the home setting.

PMID- 3852094
TI  - Water regulation in health and renal disease. A review.

PMID- 3852095
TI  - Expert testimony: preparation and implications.

PMID- 3852096
TI  - Intermittant i.v. therapy without heparin: a study.

PMID- 3852097
TI  - A totally implantable central venous system for chemotherapy administration.

PMID- 3852098
TI  - Common organisms associated with i.v. solutions and cannulas.

PMID- 3852099
TI  - Marketing and image making.

PMID- 3852100
TI  - Marketing opportunities for a nursing department in a changing economic
      environment.

PMID- 3852101
TI  - Patient care administration: marketing leadership.

PMID- 3852102
TI  - On the scene: Stanford University. Overview of marketing at Stanford University
      Hospital.

PMID- 3852103
TI  - On the scene: Stanford University. Friends of nursing: a unique marketing
      approach for nursing.

PMID- 3852104
TI  - On the scene: Stanford University. An evolution of marketing in nursing.

PMID- 3852105
TI  - On the scene: Stanford University. Nursing newsletters: professional enrichment
      and positive image.

PMID- 3852106
TI  - On the scene: Stanford University. The development of a marketing plan for
      perinatal services.

PMID- 3852107
TI  - On the scene: Stanford University. Development of a marketing committee.

PMID- 3852108
TI  - St. Joseph Hospital's marketing strategy: in search of excellence.

PMID- 3852109
TI  - Exchange behavior in administrative nursing marketing interactions.

PMID- 3852110
TI  - Marketing: competing through a holistic approach.

PMID- 3852111
TI  - Marketing nursing: a community medical center perspective.

PMID- 3852112
TI  - Alternative delivery systems.

PMID- 3852113
TI  - Products and product-line management in nursing.

PMID- 3852114
TI  - Marketing continuing education for nurses.

PMID- 3852116
TI  - Nursing's impact on a business venture.

PMID- 3852115
TI  - The role of nursing in marketing health care.

PMID- 3852117
TI  - Encouraging divergent thinking.

PMID- 3852118
TI  - Mentors and mentoring.

PMID- 3852119
TI  - The nurse educator: functional role development.

PMID- 3852120
TI  - Involvement? Write a letter: one curriculum strategy.

PMID- 3852121
TI  - Assessing your RN students: the portfolio.

PMID- 3852122
TI  - Nursing as an occupation: the variable of prestige.

PMID- 3852124
TI  - Theoretical frameworks cited in Nursing Research from January 1974-June 1985.

PMID- 3852123
TI  - Putting "oomph" into clinical conferences.

PMID- 3852125
TI  - Self-disclosure and the nurse educator.

PMID- 3852126
TI  - Informal grievances.

PMID- 3852127
TI  - Helping students gain confidence through competence.

PMID- 3852128
TI  - Interpersonal helping behavior of nursing educators.

PMID- 3852129
TI  - Assisting students with exams.

PMID- 3852130
TI  - Evaluation of students: intuition is important.

PMID- 3852131
TI  - Dislodged chest tube. Action stat!

PMID- 3852132
TI  - Guidelines for running a 12-lead E.K.G.

PMID- 3852133
TI  - Assessing the newborn from head to toe.

PMID- 3852134
TI  - Avoiding terms of bewilderment.

PMID- 3852135
TI  - In planning Mr. Bowen's care, one picture was worth a thousand words.

PMID- 3852136
TI  - The suicidal teenager.

PMID- 3852137
TI  - Code drugs (continuing education credits).

PMID- 3852138
TI  - Conflict: why don't you get along with that co-worker?

PMID- 3852139
TI  - The incredible, flexible nurse.

PMID- 3852140
TI  - Physiological changes in adolescence.

PMID- 3852141
TI  - Psychological adjustment in adolescence.

PMID- 3852142
TI  - Some common disorders of childhood.

PMID- 3852143
TI  - Ethical issues in paediatric nursing.

PMID- 3852144
TI  - Aspects of adolescent plastic surgery.

PMID- 3852145
TI  - Management of the child with severe anorexia nervosa. A multi-disciplinary
      approach.

PMID- 3852146
TI  - Sickle-cell anaemia.

PMID- 3852147
TI  - A personal experience of ageing.

PMID- 3852148
TI  - Some international concepts of old age.

PMID- 3852150
TI  - Old age. Pharmacology.

PMID- 3852149
TI  - Old age. Accommodation and activity.

PMID- 3852151
TI  - Brain failure in old age.

PMID- 3852152
TI  - Sensory loss in the elderly.

PMID- 3852153
TI  - Biological ageing and screening.

PMID- 3852154
TI  - Ageing and individuals.

PMID- 3852155
TI  - Wound care in accident and emergency. The physiology of wound healing.

PMID- 3852156
TI  - Wound care in accident and emergency. Inadine dressing.

PMID- 3852157
TI  - The intensive care unit--an overview.

PMID- 3852158
TI  - Resuscitation.

PMID- 3852159
TI  - Aortic aneurysm.

PMID- 3852160
TI  - Acute renal failure: aetiology and emergency treatment.

PMID- 3852161
TI  - Acute respiratory failure.

PMID- 3852162
TI  - Coping with child death: a child's view.

PMID- 3852163
TI  - Is death before birth a non-event?

PMID- 3852164
TI  - The loss of a baby.

PMID- 3852165
TI  - Support for staff in a paediatric oncology unit.

PMID- 3852166
TI  - Care of the dying cancer patient.

PMID- 3852167
TI  - Stress and coping mechanisms in families of children with cancer.

PMID- 3852168
TI  - Bereavement. A care study.

PMID- 3852169
TI  - Bereavement. Staff support.

PMID- 3852170
TI  - Pain and the post-operative patient.

PMID- 3852172
TI  - Organ transplantation. Part II. Law for the nurse manager.

PMID- 3852171
TI  - Building the nursing image: an award of excellence.

PMID- 3852173
TI  - The effect of peer review evaluations upon critical care nurses.

PMID- 3852174
TI  - Setting OR's course toward greater productivity.

PMID- 3852175
TI  - Teaching patients: some basic lessons for nurse educators.

PMID- 3852176
TI  - Staffing and scheduling: reconcile practical means with the real goal.

PMID- 3852177
TI  - Adjusting to the new environment. Art & science of management.

PMID- 3852178
TI  - The nurse and a civil lawsuit.

PMID- 3852179
TI  - Ambulatory care: a practical way to quality assurance.

PMID- 3852180
TI  - Ambulatory care: primary nursing brings continuity.

PMID- 3852181
TI  - Selecting a patient monitoring system.

PMID- 3852182
TI  - Managing change: same staff, same unit--new role.

PMID- 3852183
TI  - Regional health care planning: the policies of economic development.

PMID- 3852185
TI  - Wallowing in the malpractice muddle.

PMID- 3852184
TI  - Art & science of management. Some basic concepts for the new year.

PMID- 3852186
TI  - First aid and fruit farming.

PMID- 3852187
TI  - Everyday hazards--not quite.

PMID- 3852188
TI  - Three's company.

PMID- 3852189
TI  - Nursing under stress.

PMID- 3852191
TI  - What use is occupational health?

PMID- 3852190
TI  - Case history: an acid fumes hazard.

PMID- 3852193
TI  - Striking the right balance: EMAS and nurse education. Interview by Michael Bangs.

PMID- 3852192
TI  - Prevention: the name of the game.

PMID- 3852194
TI  - Prescription for health.

PMID- 3852195
TI  - Self-employed: some business aspects.

PMID- 3852196
TI  - OH in the Third World: problems of analysis.

PMID- 3852197
TI  - Profile of the occupational health nurse.

PMID- 3852198
TI  - The OHN's influence on employee attitude and ability to return to work.

PMID- 3852199
TI  - The Institute of Occupational Health Nursing Education.

PMID- 3852200
TI  - Crohn's disease--more than a chronic illness.

PMID- 3852201
TI  - Ergonomics in microelectronic office technology.

PMID- 3852203
TI  - Perspectives in nursing--1985-1987: based on presentations at the seventeenth NLN
      biennial convention.

PMID- 3852202
TI  - [Pathologically weak kininogenesis and the possibility of correcting it
      (experimental-clinical study)].

PMID- 3852204
TI  - Unique features of the collaborative program.

PMID- 3852205
TI  - Collaborative baccalaureate education for RNs returning to school.

PMID- 3852206
TI  - The role of nursing administration in facilitating nursing research.

PMID- 3852208
TI  - Educational and clinical perspectives in alcoholism.

PMID- 3852207
TI  - Rural nursing and the maldistribution of nurses.

PMID- 3852209
TI  - International nursing exchange: the United States and China.

PMID- 3852210
TI  - The future of nursing in the acute-care setting: impact on nursing curricula.

PMID- 3852211
TI  - The curriculum of the future: adapting to changing demands in community health.

PMID- 3852212
TI  - Health care technology and the changing health care system.

PMID- 3852213
TI  - Teaching ethics in the nursing curriculum.

PMID- 3852214
TI  - Change, challenges, and coalitions: kaleidoscope of nursing and vocational
      education.

PMID- 3852215
TI  - Analyzing the effects of prospective payment: questions for nursing.

PMID- 3852216
TI  - Costing out nursing education: dilemma for nursing schools and nursing services.

PMID- 3852217
TI  - Building cohesion in nursing's body politic.

PMID- 3852219
TI  - The great shift: politics at the state level.

PMID- 3852218
TI  - Nursing's national political agenda.

PMID- 3852220
TI  - From bedside to White House: the local perspective.

PMID- 3852221
TI  - Seeking conciliation: strategies for change.

PMID- 3852222
TI  - Political imperatives for nursing in a stereotyping world.

PMID- 3852223
TI  - Nurses and patients together: healing the health care system.

PMID- 3852225
TI  - The wounded healer.

PMID- 3852224
TI  - High touch in a high-tech future.

PMID- 3852226
TI  - Video-teleconferencing in nursing.

PMID- 3852227
TI  - Current research on computer use in nursing.

PMID- 3852228
TI  - Computer-assisted decision making in the nursing process.

PMID- 3852229
TI  - Faculty practice: making it work.

PMID- 3852230
TI  - Joint nursing appointments--a means to an end.

PMID- 3852231
TI  - Fulfilling the commitment to practice without joint faculty appointments.

PMID- 3852232
TI  - A model of collaborative education: planning and implementing a collaborative
      program.

PMID- 3852233
TI  - Profile of a top-ranked school of nursing.

PMID- 3852234
TI  - [An analysis of nursing sciences requirements].

PMID- 3852235
TI  - Identification of health risk factors among undergraduate university students.

PMID- 3852236
TI  - A comparison of the communication skills of practising diploma and baccalaureate
      staff nurses.

PMID- 3852237
TI  - Injection giving: the effect of time lapse between learning and actual practice
      on student confidence.

PMID- 3852238
TI  - Parents of hospitalized chronically ill children: competency in question.

PMID- 3852239
TI  - We can fashion the future, but what fashion will we choose?

PMID- 3852240
TI  - Reporting on qualitative and quantitative research: evolving issues and criteria.

PMID- 3852241
TI  - Responses of families to the treatment setting.

PMID- 3852242
TI  - Determinants of health promotion activities in nursing clinic clients.
AB  - Nursing clinic clients' health beliefs, values, and demographic characteristics
      were analyzed for their impact on health promotion activities. A sample of 175
      clients was administered measures of health beliefs, health values, and health
      promotion activities. The type of health care clients had requested at the clinic
      for the previous 2 years was categorized as health promotion, illness prevention,
      health maintenance, or health restoration. Findings included: health value was
      not related to self-reported health promotion activities or to types of clinic
      visits; a strong belief in chance was negatively associated with engaging in
      health promotion activities; a strong belief in powerful others was negatively
      associated with a high percentage of restoration visits. The combination of
      beliefs, values, and selected demographic factors accounted for 16% of the
      variance in health promotion activities and 18% of the variance in the type of
      health care sought.

PMID- 3852243
TI  - Breast massage to obtain contraction stress test.
AB  - A standard contraction stress test (CST) is usually obtained by the intravenous
      infusion of exogenous oxytocin for 1 to 3 hours. To assess whether breast massage
      could elicit a CST, 30 high-risk pregnant women between 37 and 44 weeks gestation
      massaged their breasts with mineral oil for a maximum of 40 to 60 minutes. Of the
      21 patients (70%) who met the CST criterion, 15 had at least one spontaneous
      uterine contraction in the 20 minutes preceding breast massage, p = .05. Thirty
      three percent of those who met the CST criterion did so within 10 minutes of the
      start of breast massage, and 95% met the criterion within 40 minutes. Other
      factors, including weeks gestation, parity, overstimulation, and fetal heart rate
      deceleration that could reasonably influence the effectiveness of the procedure
      are discussed. Breast massage appears to be an effective method for meeting the
      CST criterion.

PMID- 3852244
TI  - Rhythmic patterning in mother-newborn interaction.
AB  - Face-to-face, dyadic interaction in term and preterm mother-newborn pairs was
      examined for a rhythmic pattern at 40 weeks gestational age. Three-minute
      interaction episodes for each mother-infant pair were recorded on videotape and
      scored with a dyadic code graded along a dimension of disengagement-engagement.
      Spectral analysis was used to analyze the data for rhythmicity. A reliable
      rhythmic structure was found in all dyadic interactions. No significant
      difference was evident between term and preterm dyads. The findings provide
      quantitative evidence of rhythmic patterning in dyadic interaction from birth for
      term pairs and as early as 40 weeks gestation for preterm pairs, which is much
      earlier than previously reported in the literature. The Dyadic Interaction Code,
      a new tool for studying the interaction process over time, is described, and a
      recently reported method of analysis (spectral analysis) for interaction data is
      applied to mother-newborn behavioral data.

PMID- 3852245
TI  - Parental network structure and perceived support after birth of first child.
AB  - Changes in the content and structure of social relationships following the birth
      of the first child were studied with a nonprobability sample of primiparous
      couples. Differences between men and women were examined regarding changes in
      network structure, need for support, satisfaction with available support, access
      to support from network members, and stress and conflict in relationships with
      network members. In total, 108 subjects responded to investigator-developed tools
      during the third trimester of pregnancy, 92 subjects at 5 months postpartum, and
      69 subjects at 8 months postpartum. More women than men perceived an increased
      need for support postpartum, but no differences in satisfaction with available
      support existed. For men, network size decreased, but the percentage of network
      members with preschool children, the percentage of members offering emotional
      support, and the boundary density with wives' networks all increased. Women
      reported decreased frequency of contact with coworkers, but increased frequency
      with friends, and, as did fathers, named more members with preschool children.

PMID- 3852246
TI  - Predicting success in graduate clinical specialty programs.

PMID- 3852248
TI  - Psychometric evaluation of the Hemodialysis Stressor Scale.
AB  - This report updates the psychometric information available on the Hemodialysis
      Stressor Scale. The tool is a 29-item scale that rates the incidence and severity
      of stressors associated with hemodialysis treatment of end-stage renal disease.
      Six items are classified as physiologic stressors and 23 as psychosocial
      stressors. Alpha homogeneity coefficients achieved acceptable standards for
      reliability. Content validity is demonstrated by the varied sources used to
      ascertain pertinent items for the scale. Construct validity of the scale was
      investigated by factor analysis (N = 174). A two-factor solution to evaluate the
      validity of the physiological-psychosocial dichotomy showed insufficient support
      for this simplistic dichotomous classification of hemodialysis stressors. A
      subsequent unrestricted factor solution to explore the multidimensionality of the
      scale yielded eight factors, but only three were significant, so a three-factor
      solution was subjected to rotation. The content of the 6 physiological and 9
      psychosocial items loading significantly on Factor I characterized this factor as
      psychobiological; Factor II consisted of 12 psychological and social stressors;
      Factor III pertained to 8 dependency and restriction stressors. The three-factor
      solution was seen as the best-fitting solution with this particular data set
      because it was conceptually clear, informative, and parsimonious.

PMID- 3852247
TI  - Health beliefs and practices of runners versus nonrunners.
AB  - Returns of mailed questionnaires from 77 runner and 63 nonrunner respondents
      showed that runners placed a statistically higher value on health and performed
      greater numbers of health-related behaviors. Major differences were found in
      nutrition, exercise, and medical awareness and self-care. No major differences
      were found in addictive substance use, stress management, or safety practices. A
      number of concerns regarding runners' health practices were identified, including
      running while ill or in pain, incidence of injuries, negative feelings when
      unable to run, neglect of a conscious cool-down period, low weight levels, and a
      tendency to increase workouts following perceived dietary indiscretions.

PMID- 3852249
TI  - First trimester nausea in pregnant teenagers: incidence, characteristics,
      intervention.

PMID- 3852250
TI  - Concerns of breast-feeding mothers from birth to 4 months.

PMID- 3852251
TI  - Circadian rhythms: basis for screening for fever.

PMID- 3852252
TI  - What constitutes a publishable report of instrument development?

PMID- 3852253
TI  - Planning research studies: an alternative to power analysis.
AB  - Hypothesis testing is a cumbersome method of statistical analysis and sometimes
      leads to misinterpretation of results. Whenever possible, it is preferable to
      design studies and analyze data using estimation procedures. For ANOVA,
      correlation analysis, regression, and other standard statistical methods, it is
      possible, and no more difficult, to use estimation procedures.

PMID- 3852254
TI  - Contraception: you can get it if you really want.

PMID- 3852255
TI  - Retirement: bad timing.

PMID- 3852256
TI  - Dreaming of a brighter Christmas.

PMID- 3852257
TI  - Commons sense. Covered in confusion.

PMID- 3852258
TI  - Nothing succeeds like success.

PMID- 3852259
TI  - Behaviour therapy nursing. Horses for courses.

PMID- 3852260
TI  - Management. Firm foundations.

PMID- 3852262
TI  - The National Association of Theatre Nurses' 21st annual congress.

PMID- 3852261
TI  - Uneasy bedfellows.

PMID- 3852263
TI  - Theatre nursing. Coming up through the ranks. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3852264
TI  - Budgetary control in the operating theatre.

PMID- 3852265
TI  - Theatre nursing. Computers in a recovery area.

PMID- 3852266
TI  - Data protection: caught in the act?

PMID- 3852267
TI  - Urban health: inner city sickness.

PMID- 3852268
TI  - Trouble and strife.

PMID- 3852269
TI  - The new chief nurses: what happened to the chiefs?

PMID- 3852270
TI  - Undercover research.

PMID- 3852271
TI  - Immediate care of a stab injury.

PMID- 3852273
TI  - Memories of a smoker.

PMID- 3852272
TI  - Primary care: an individual concern.

PMID- 3852274
TI  - Smoking: a battle won.

PMID- 3852275
TI  - Isolation procedures in one health district.

PMID- 3852276
TI  - Are contractors cleaning up?

PMID- 3852277
TI  - Curtain cell. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3852278
TI  - Alternative medicine. The laying on of hands.

PMID- 3852279
TI  - College of health: the consumer's advocate. Interview by Alison Hadley.

PMID- 3852280
TI  - Home births. 'We have the technology'.

PMID- 3852281
TI  - Home births. A good delivery.

PMID- 3852282
TI  - Home births. Midwives, according to Odent. Interview by Pamela Holmes.

PMID- 3852283
TI  - Home births. A place to breathe.

PMID- 3852285
TI  - Monitoring sickness at work.

PMID- 3852284
TI  - You can't please them all.

PMID- 3852286
TI  - Cytotoxic drugs: their handling and use.

PMID- 3852287
TI  - Cytotoxic drugs: cabinet security.

PMID- 3852288
TI  - Geriatric care: introducing nurse preceptors.

PMID- 3852289
TI  - Mental Health Nursing. Journal of the Psychiatric Nurses Association.

PMID- 3852290
TI  - Mental Health Nursing. Think tank.

PMID- 3852291
TI  - Mental Health Nursing. Format for success.

PMID- 3852293
TI  - Symposium on nursing diagnosis.

PMID- 3852292
TI  - Mental Health Nursing. Striking the right balance.

PMID- 3852294
TI  - Self-concept as altered by the diagnosis of cancer.
AB  - From a review of the literature, it was cited that the severity of the treatment
      regimens for cancer results in altered self-concept with specific behaviors and
      emotions occurring after the diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to validate
      the behavioral and emotional defining characteristics of the psychological
      construct self-concept as it is altered by the diagnosis of cancer. Defining
      characteristics were derived from concept analysis and confirmed by a specified
      patient population.

PMID- 3852295
TI  - The validation of a nursing diagnosis. A nurse consensus survey.
AB  - One thousand clinical nurse specialists were surveyed on the validity of
      currently identified defining characteristics of ineffective coping (individual).
      Five hundred professionals, responding to the graphic rating scale, ranked the
      frequency with which defining characteristics of ineffective coping (individual)
      are exhibited when the diagnosis is present. Few of the officially accepted
      defining characteristics were perceived to occur with high frequency in clinical
      practice.

PMID- 3852296
TI  - Validating a diagnostic label. Knowledge deficits.
AB  - It is essential to establish some clinical validity for the defining
      characteristics of the nursing diagnoses proposed to date. The application of one
      type of descriptive study to the nursing diagnosis of knowledge deficit is
      presented. Limited clinical support is provided for some defining
      characteristics, but no critical indicator is identified.

PMID- 3852297
TI  - Clinical validation of two respiratory nursing diagnoses and their defining
      characteristics.
AB  - A model for clinical validation of the respiratory nursing diagnoses of
      ineffective airway clearance and ineffective breathing pattern is presented. The
      study showed that critical defining characteristics are associated with and
      differentiate each respiratory nursing diagnosis. The methodology used can be
      easily incorporated into regular clinical activities in many settings.

PMID- 3852298
TI  - Validating the nursing diagnosis of impaired physical mobility.
AB  - The lack of research-based literature and of research models for validating
      nursing diagnoses results in some ambiguity in research efforts. Research must,
      however, move forward if there is to be progress in differentiating nursing and
      medical diagnostic models and use of nursing diagnoses to improve communication
      among nurses. Operational definitions of nursing diagnosis terminology are
      essential to continue work in validating nursing diagnoses, particularly in the
      clinical setting. The diagnosis impaired physical mobility was found to be an
      appropriate diagnosis for rehabilitation patients. Continued study and refinement
      of etiologies and defining characteristics is needed.

PMID- 3852299
TI  - A pilot study to validate the etiologies and defining characteristics of the
      nursing diagnosis of noncompliance.
AB  - A descriptive study was used to examine the defining characteristics of
      noncompliance as generated by review of the literature and extensive practice.
      The purpose was to determine (1) the presence of selected etiologies and defining
      characteristics in individuals; (2) the comprehensiveness of the list for all
      clinical findings; and (3) nurses' perceptions of the importance of the
      etiologies and defining characteristics in making the diagnosis of noncompliance.

PMID- 3852300
TI  - Validation of three respiratory nursing diagnoses.
AB  - This study addresses the validity of three proposed respiratory nursing diagnoses
      and related nursing interventions. Results are presented and discussed along with
      the implications for research, practice, and education.

PMID- 3852301
TI  - A validation of the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis "potential
      for violence".
AB  - This descriptive study provides validation for the list of characteristics and
      etiologic factors that currently define the nursing diagnosis "potential for
      violence." The study also identifies a new characteristic, those characteristics
      which are most critical, and suggests grouping characteristics which occur in
      clusters.

PMID- 3852302
TI  - Validation of the nursing diagnosis of urinary retention.
AB  - The literature was reviewed in an effort to find or develop a taxonomy for
      alterations in urinary elimination. A questionnaire was used to validate defining
      characteristics of one of these diagnosis. Support for the label was found.
      Examination of additional labels is useful in differentiating types of
      incontinence.

PMID- 3852303
TI  - Memory error. Developing a new nursing diagnosis.
AB  - It is recommended that memory error, the inability to encode, maintain, or
      retrieve information, be identified as a nursing diagnosis. Two different types
      of memory error, forgetting to take a medication at the scheduled time and being
      unable to remember whether a medication has already been taken, are discussed in
      terms of nursing diagnosis and intervention.

PMID- 3852305
TI  - Identity confusion. Nursing diagnoses for adolescents.
AB  - Research of healthy adolescents was conducted to identify predictive profiles of
      symptom, personality, and demographic variables. Factor analysis found four
      symptom factors supportive of nursing diagnoses within Erikson's constructs of
      adolescent identity confusion.

PMID- 3852304
TI  - Self-esteem disturbance.
AB  - Defining characteristics for self-esteem disturbance are examined for inter-rater
      reliability based on clinical observations and interviews by two clinical
      specialists. A tentative conceptual model and three distinct types of self-esteem
      disturbance are proposed for further research based on review of the literature
      and the clinical data.

PMID- 3852306
TI  - Impaired communication. A descriptive study.
AB  - This article presents data from a descriptive study, validating etiologies and
      defining characteristics for the nursing diagnosis of impaired communication.
      Implications for nursing research, practice, and education are discussed.

PMID- 3852307
TI  - The nursing diagnosis of decreased cardiac output.
AB  - This descriptive study validated the nursing diagnosis of decreased cardiac
      output in a critical-care population. A cardiac output assessment tool was
      developed. Nursing interventions associated with decreased cardiac output were
      identified and classified as independent, collaborative, and dependent.

PMID- 3852308
TI  - Constipation. Consensual and empirical validation.
AB  - This article describes the process of consensual and empirical validation used
      for one nursing diagnosis, constipation. The process is illustrated with a
      cluster of studies, both qualitative and quantitative. Implications for practice,
      education, and research are described.

PMID- 3852309
TI  - Report on hospitals and institutions in Rajasthan.

PMID- 3852310
TI  - Women's participation in environment education.

PMID- 3852311
TI  - Breast feeding under special conditions.

PMID- 3852312
TI  - No substitute to mother's milk.

PMID- 3852313
TI  - Nursing as a career.

PMID- 3852315
TI  - Education for health administration in India. 2.

PMID- 3852314
TI  - Qualities of a good tutor.

PMID- 3852316
TI  - The pharmaceutical industry: challenge of the twentyfirst century.

PMID- 3852317
TI  - Humanisation of nursing services.

PMID- 3852318
TI  - The significance of nurses' notes.

PMID- 3852320
TI  - Student nurse and the society.

PMID- 3852319
TI  - Management skills in nursing: a review of TNAI's refresher course.

PMID- 3852321
TI  - Epidemiology in community health nursing education: fit or misfit?

PMID- 3852322
TI  - Social resources, health resources, and preventive health behavior: patterns and
      predictions.

PMID- 3852323
TI  - Graduate education in public health nursing: evaluation and recommendations.

PMID- 3852324
TI  - Identifying the salient outcomes of exercise: application of marketing principles
      to preventive health behavior.

PMID- 3852326
TI  - Using research in clinical practice: a staff nurse's guide.

PMID- 3852325
TI  - Research issues: nurses, patients, and products.

PMID- 3852327
TI  - Solving problems with statistics.

PMID- 3852328
TI  - Operating room nursing as a scientific discipline: a review of research findings
      and their implementation.

PMID- 3852329
TI  - Designing and starting a research project: a case study.

PMID- 3852330
TI  - Designing and developing a new measuring instrument.

PMID- 3852331
TI  - Current views of nurses and physicians on cost and quality in the OR/PAR:
      implications for research and nurse/physician collaboration.

PMID- 3852332
TI  - Innovations and excellence: perioperative implications of neurosurgical advances.

PMID- 3852333
TI  - Professional survival tips: obtaining a quality reference letter.

PMID- 3852334
TI  - Research collaboration or participation: what's the difference?

PMID- 3852336
TI  - Symposium on computer applications.

PMID- 3852335
TI  - Antimicrobial treatment of pancreatin.

PMID- 3852337
TI  - Computer literacy in family medicine.
AB  - Computer literacy is justified and defined in terms of core knowledge about
      fundamental problem-solving methods for information processing (not as computer
      languages, hardware characteristics, and so on). These core principles provide a
      solid grounding that will remain essentially applicable and valid over time. Some
      of the most powerful methods are used to create expert systems applications,
      simulations, and database management systems.

PMID- 3852338
TI  - Selecting a computer system for a medical practice.
AB  - Although the risk will always exist that a computer system will be selected that
      does not adequately meet the needs of a practice, this risk may be minimized when
      the selection process is done properly. A seven-step approach for selecting an
      office management system is described, with discussion of major factors to
      consider and pitfalls to avoid.

PMID- 3852339
TI  - Decision support systems for the outpatient office. Two examples of medical
      expert systems.
AB  - Although definitive decision-making systems remain beyond the scope of present
      day applications available on the market, effective and efficient decision
      support systems have been developed and are entering the market place. These
      systems focus on very specific tasks in limited domains and can be valuable
      adjuncts in primary care settings. There are also a few large-scale applications
      with well-defined goals that have proved themselves. It is imperative to validate
      the organizational support and expertise underlying any expert decision support
      system.

PMID- 3852340
TI  - Database management in family medicine.
AB  - A computerized database will serve a practice well if physicians and staff make
      their expectations and needs explicit, establish clear database specifications,
      and use those specifications as the basis for selecting appropriate data
      management software and computer hardware. Any computerized database management
      system introduced into a practice should be thoroughly documented, and the
      process of implementing the system should be planned in advance. Finally, because
      a practice's information-related needs, expectations, and capabilities change
      over time, database usage should be reviewed and refined regularly.

PMID- 3852342
TI  - The computerized genogram.
AB  - Genograms are used in family therapy and family medicine to assess the family
      from a systemic perspective. Computerized genograms automate the process and
      allow the clinician to manipulate data in a number of different ways.

PMID- 3852341
TI  - Defining the information content of health data systems.
AB  - Uses of health information systems depend heavily on the background and
      experiences of those who evaluate the data. Effective collaboration between
      physicians and system managers can enhance significantly the decision-making and
      information obtained from these systems. This article describes some methods of
      collaboration and the current uses of one system developed through collaborative
      efforts of physicians and system managers.

PMID- 3852343
TI  - Diabetes home monitoring by telephone data entry.
AB  - The use of microcomputers to help physicians manage diabetic patients who perform
      home glucose monitoring is presented. Patients enter blood glucose information
      directly into an office database from their homes, using the push-button
      telephone with voice synthesizer prompts. The computer-enhanced organization of
      this information as well as future possibilities is discussed.

PMID- 3852344
TI  - Computers in family medicine. Automating outpatient medical practice.
AB  - The American Academy of Family Practice has been on a 4-year quest for a
      universal family practice office computer that it can recommend to its
      membership. Much as individual physicians struggle for computer "literacy," all
      medical organizations likewise face their own steep learning curve in the attempt
      to discern their memberships' needs and to provide guidance in meeting them.

PMID- 3852346
TI  - Evolving roles in the nursing management of pain.

PMID- 3852345
TI  - Analgesic consultation.

PMID- 3852347
TI  - Pinch-grasp technique.

PMID- 3852348
TI  - Nurse midwifery vs. law midwifery.

PMID- 3852349
TI  - Injection technique: R.N. expert opinion. Case in point: Tripp v. Humana, Inc.
      (474 So. 2d 88 - AL).

PMID- 3852350
TI  - Legal case briefs for nurses. MN: nursery unstaffed: brain damage; MI: brachial
      plexus palsy: jury instruction.

PMID- 3852351
TI  - Sponge count botched--discovery & silence. Case in point: Simon v. Smith (470 So.
      2d 941 - LA).

PMID- 3852352
TI  - Deplorable nursing care: catastrophic results.

PMID- 3852353
TI  - When nurse "blows the whistle": termination. Case in point: Watassek v. Mich.
      Dept. of Mental Health (372 N.W.2d 617--MI).

PMID- 3852354
TI  - Nurse anesthetist "fills in": disaster. Case in point: Brown v. Dahl (705 P. 2d
      781--WA).

PMID- 3852355
TI  - Valuing our differences.

PMID- 3852356
TI  - Trends in public attitudes toward legal abortion, 1972-1978.
AB  - Trends in public attitudes toward legal abortion were analyzed for 1972 and 1978.
      Data were drawn from seven independent probability samples (N = 10,652) of
      English-speaking persons 18 years of age or older living in noninstitutional
      arrangements within the continental United States. Attitudes were derived from
      responses to six items asking whether it should be possible for a pregnant woman
      to obtain a legal abortion under six different conditions. Guttman Scalogram
      Analysis revealed two predominant patterns; approval for all six reasons and
      approval only for the hard reasons (safeguarding the woman's health, preventing
      birth of a deformed child, or treating rape). Two major shifts were noted in the
      level of approval; a considerable increase in 1973 for each reason and a sharp
      decline in 1978 for all but woman's health and rape. These shifts paralleled the
      introduction of laws pertaining to abortion.

PMID- 3852357
TI  - Self-care practices among young adult married women.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to explore the universal and illness-related, self
      care activities employed by young adult women. Ninety-six women 20 to 40 years of
      age kept a daily health diary for 3 weeks in which they reported their regular
      health care, symptoms experienced each day, and self-care actions in response to
      symptoms. Women reported a total of 1,140 universal self-care activities over the
      3-week period. Vitamin use accounted for over half of the self-care activities,
      with contraceptive use and prescription medications each accounting for 15% to
      20% of universal self-care activities. The women engaged in a total of 464
      illness-related, self-care activities. Self-care patterns revealed a variety of
      self-care measures and coping with symptoms in ways specific to the symptoms.

PMID- 3852358
TI  - Values of entering nursing students: changes over 10 years.
AB  - Values of students entering nursing in 1982 were compared with values of those
      entering in 1972. The Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values and an Entering
      Resources inventory were completed by 309 students in 1972 and 161 students in
      1982. The 1982 sample scored higher on economic values (p less than .01), but did
      not differ on the other values. Both groups scored highest on social values with
      religious values ranking second in 1982 and third in 1972. These findings
      contrast to studies in the 1960's which found religious values rated highest and
      economic values rated lowest.

PMID- 3852359
TI  - Policy perspectives on newspaper reports of nurse strikes.
AB  - Content analysis was used to study 1980 U.S. newspaper articles about nurse
      strikes. Multivariate analysis revealed that the 893 nurse strike articles
      presented a more negative image of the nurse than newspaper articles on other
      nursing subjects. There were more negative headlines, criticism of nurses, and
      negative relationships. Desire for higher salaries was the major strike issue
      reported by newspapers, conveying that nurses are interested in personal economic
      gain as opposed to quality patient care. Nurse strike articles were more likely
      to appear in larger circulation newspapers and be about strikes in hospitals
      rather than other health care settings. The most extensive and favorable press
      coverage occurred in states were organized labor is concentrated. Policy
      implications of these findings include the difficulty of using the nurse strike
      as a labor tactic in states with a strong antiunion press.

PMID- 3852360
TI  - Perceived job stress, job satisfaction, and psychological symptoms in critical
      care nursing.
AB  - This study tested the relationships among perceived job stress, job satisfaction,
      and psychological symptoms of critical care nurses. A self-administered
      questionnaire was sent to a sample of 180 critical care nurses from eight
      hospitals. The results supported the hypotheses that higher levels of perceived
      job stress are related to lower levels of job satisfaction (r = -.24, p = .001)
      and to higher levels of psychological symptoms (r = .33, p = .000). These effects
      remained even when years of experience in nursing and shift were controlled. Item
      analysis, however, showed that four of the five top-ranking stressors were not
      related to the outcome measures. A distinction between positive and negative
      stressors is proposed to explain the pattern of results.

PMID- 3852361
TI  - The prevalence of hot flash and associated variables among perimenopausal women.
AB  - A telephone survey of a random sample of 594 perimenopausal women was done to
      study the prevalence of hot flashes, use of estrogen, age of menopause onset,
      and, among those subjects experiencing hot flashes, the frequency of occurrence
      and number of years of hot flashes. The prevalence of hot flashes was 88%.
      Surgical menopause women had a prevalence rate of 92% and had the highest
      estrogen utilization rate. The median age of onset for natural menopause women
      was 49 years. The frequency of occurrence and number of years of hot flash
      experience was variable across all groups.

PMID- 3852362
TI  - Effect of exercise on morning stiffness and mobility in patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - The effects of evening exercises on arthrographic measures of elastic stiffness,
      subjective ratings of stiffness, and graphic goniometric measures of mobility
      were examined in 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Measures were obtained on
      2 consecutive mornings, one of which was randomly determined to be preceded by
      evening exercise. Each morning, elastic stiffness and mobility were measured
      before and after morning exercise. After the final measurements of elastic
      stiffness and mobility on the second day, patients compared stiffness on the 2
      days. Elastic stiffness and subjective ratings of stiffness were less and
      mobility was greater when evening exercises were performed (p less than 0.001).
      The relationships between elastic stiffness and subjective ratings of stiffness
      indicated that the effect of evening exercise was perceived as greater when
      elastic stiffness was greater, and 21 patients reported less stiffness with
      evening exercise (p less than .05).

PMID- 3852364
TI  - Going beyond the narrative summarization of research findings: the meta-analysis
      approach.
AB  - Meta-analysis, a method for summarizing empirical studies, has been advocated in
      many areas of behavioral research. Expanding on existing literature, this article
      provides an overview of meta-analysis with particular emphasis on its strengths
      and limitations. Overall, the quantitative approaches employed in meta-analysis
      offer many advantages as a literature review procedure. Even if meta-analysis is
      not adopted as the literature review method, awareness of the issues it raises
      can improve the traditional narrative summarization approach.

PMID- 3852363
TI  - Noise in acute patient care areas.
AB  - This study was designed to describe the level of sound in acute patient care
      areas. A convenience sample of 25 subjects from four intensive care and two
      general care units within three hospitals in a large metropolitan area was
      studied. Continuous decibel levels [dB(A)] and equivalent continuous sound
      pressure levels [LEQ] were measured for 24 continuous hours. Two 3-hour
      observations were made to assess the sources of sound, and patients were
      interviewed to determine their perceptions of sound effects. Continuous high
      noise levels were found in the larger hospital's open heart recovery room and
      intensive care units [48.5-68.5 dB(A), 15-minute LEQ], lower levels in the
      smaller hospital's intensive care units [32.5-57 dB(A)] and varying levels in the
      general ward areas [34.25-62.5 dB(A)]. Decibel levels generated from equipment
      reached 90 dB(A) in some instances. Patients' perceptions ranged from content to
      highly perturbed. Although some sources of noise were not immediately changeable,
      other were adaptable, preventable, or reducible.

PMID- 3852365
TI  - Promoting sexual wellness in head-injured patients.

PMID- 3852366
TI  - Spiritual counseling approaches following brain-injury.

PMID- 3852367
TI  - ARN membership survey--1984.

PMID- 3852369
TI  - [Equipment and technic. Perfusion pump (2)].

PMID- 3852368
TI  - [Female genital organs (2). Stability of the uterus (1): anatomical highlights].

PMID- 3852371
TI  - [Complications of artificial ventilation].

PMID- 3852370
TI  - [Artificial ventilation and its indications].

PMID- 3852372
TI  - [Weaning from artificial ventilation].

PMID- 3852373
TI  - [Principles of artificial ventilation].

PMID- 3852374
TI  - [Continuous monitoring of artificial ventilation].

PMID- 3852375
TI  - [Severe head injuries "coma, awakening and rehabilitation"].

PMID- 3852376
TI  - [Assuming responsibility of a child with head injuries by a care team from the
      time of awakening to the time of socialization].

PMID- 3852377
TI  - [Bronchial specimen collection via transtracheal puncture].

PMID- 3852378
TI  - Circuit weight training. A new direction for cardiac rehabilitation.

PMID- 3852380
TI  - [A support system used in geriatrics].

PMID- 3852379
TI  - Iliotibial band syndrome in distance runners.
AB  - Iliotibial band syndrome was diagnosed in 48 of 1030 runners treated for lower
      extremity musculoskeletal complaints. Most athletes had been running 20 to 40
      miles a week for one year or longer and had significantly changed their distance,
      speed, terrain, surface, and/or shoes before the onset of symptoms. Symptoms
      often persisted for 2 to 6 months. All runners were treated conservatively with
      rest, stretching, reduced distance, anti-inflammatory medications, local
      cortisone injections and/or orthoses.

PMID- 3852381
TI  - [Acute dehydration in infants].

PMID- 3852382
TI  - [The hospital department: simplified method of utilization].

PMID- 3852383
TI  - [Video: a choice tool].

PMID- 3852384
TI  - [Once upon a time... the Green House].

PMID- 3852385
TI  - [A pharmacist at the bedside? To do what?].

PMID- 3852386
TI  - [Development of a feeling of confidence in the nurse-patient relationship].

PMID- 3852387
TI  - [Hand contact in the nurse-patient relationship].

PMID- 3852388
TI  - [The married couple in the climacteric--a nursing orientation].

PMID- 3852389
TI  - [Implementation and expansion of family planning services: questions and
      controversies].

PMID- 3852390
TI  - [Comparison between the nursing theories of Horta, King, Rogers, Roy and Orem].

PMID- 3852391
TI  - [Nursing care of patients with the manifestations of an emotional disorder
      admitted to a medical surgical unit].

PMID- 3852392
TI  - [Societal rejection of the epileptic and its consequences for his self-esteem].

PMID- 3852393
TI  - [Sexual orientation for children and adolescents: a proposal for the training of
      nurses as sex educators].

PMID- 3852394
TI  - [The nurse: security for the patient, investment for the hospital].

PMID- 3852395
TI  - [Experience with training in the intestinal irrigation of a female colostomy
      patient].

PMID- 3852396
TI  - [Humanization of the care in intensive care units].

PMID- 3852397
TI  - [Primary health care and the practice of nursing].

PMID- 3852398
TI  - [Nursing care for pregnant women with emphasis on their mental health].

PMID- 3852399
TI  - [Supervision and nursing].

PMID- 3852400
TI  - [Parental participation in the care of the hospitalized child--the attitude of
      Recife nurses].

PMID- 3852401
TI  - [Analysis of the records of the activities of the nursing personnel in hospital
      outpatient clinics].

PMID- 3852402
TI  - [Observation of the behavior of children and adolescents hospitalized in a
      psychiatric unit].

PMID- 3852403
TI  - [Nursing care center: the outline and implementation of a community extension
      service].

PMID- 3852404
TI  - [Sengstaken tube].

PMID- 3852405
TI  - [Importance of proteins in our nutrition].

PMID- 3852407
TI  - [Experience in integrating theory and practice in nursing studies].

PMID- 3852406
TI  - [The nursing history of an AIDS patients].

PMID- 3852408
TI  - [Sex education in the work of nursing? A brief consideration].

PMID- 3852409
TI  - [Profile analysis of nursing students by means of Cattell's test].

PMID- 3852410
TI  - [Maternal attitude before pregnancy and its possible relationship in the
      educational psychology process of the child].

PMID- 3852411
TI  - [Nursing in the communication media. Staff of the radio program Countdown. The
      Spanish radio network. The autonomous community of the Canary Islands].

PMID- 3852412
TI  - [Nursing attitudes that promote or hinder adequate patient care].

PMID- 3852413
TI  - [Nursing care for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy].

PMID- 3852414
TI  - [Group technics and their application to the teaching of the nursing sciences].

PMID- 3852415
TI  - Dealing with the doctor who abuses drugs.

PMID- 3852416
TI  - Fever: when to worry about it.

PMID- 3852417
TI  - Fever in children.

PMID- 3852418
TI  - When childbirth is a family affair.

PMID- 3852419
TI  - How to teach patients to monitor blood glucose.

PMID- 3852420
TI  - The agonizing nights that led me into nursing.

PMID- 3852421
TI  - I'll never take bladder catheters for granted again.

PMID- 3852422
TI  - Nursing pay: how part-timers are doing.

PMID- 3852423
TI  - A simple way to calculate IV and IM doses.

PMID- 3852424
TI  - How a communications breakdown can get you sued.

PMID- 3852425
TI  - The BSN dispute will destroy nursing!

PMID- 3852426
TI  - Can vitamins cure your psych patient's symptoms?

PMID- 3852428
TI  - Nursing in Ghana. Interview by Leslie Cole.

PMID- 3852427
TI  - Our safety net keeps patients from falling.

PMID- 3852429
TI  - Poverty is more than being poor. Interview by Peggy Wysong.

PMID- 3852430
TI  - [Antalvic].

PMID- 3852432
TI  - [Autonomous hemodialysis].

PMID- 3852431
TI  - [Hemodialysis in a center. Apropos of a case report].

PMID- 3852433
TI  - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. A new method].

PMID- 3852434
TI  - [Principles of, methods and care in CAPD].

PMID- 3852435
TI  - [From renal insufficiency to dialysis].

PMID- 3852436
TI  - [Role of the nurse in CAPD].

PMID- 3852437
TI  - [Social security in renal insufficiency].

PMID- 3852438
TI  - [Peritoneal dialysis. Case report].

PMID- 3852439
TI  - [Round-table discussion. Modern woman and her body].

PMID- 3852440
TI  - [The classical method: hemodialysis. Basis and materials].

PMID- 3852441
TI  - [Vivalan].

PMID- 3852442
TI  - [Difficult adolescents].

PMID- 3852444
TI  - [Unemployment and mental health].

PMID- 3852443
TI  - [Trying to prevent mental disorders?].

PMID- 3852445
TI  - [Pathology of transplantation].

PMID- 3852446
TI  - [Mental health and elderly persons].

PMID- 3852448
TI  - [Resumption of contact with the environment after a loss of consciousness].

PMID- 3852447
TI  - [The general concept of mental hygiene].

PMID- 3852449
TI  - [A social madness?].

PMID- 3852450
TI  - [Survivor of a whirlpool: anorexia nervosa].

PMID- 3852451
TI  - [Prevention of mental disorders in young children].

PMID- 3852452
TI  - [Patient having had a coronariography. Equipment and nursing care].

PMID- 3852453
TI  - [Preparation and care of the patient at the time of vascular radiologic studies].

PMID- 3852454
TI  - [Radiologic diagnosis of obliterative arteritis of the lower limbs].

PMID- 3852455
TI  - [Medical treatment of obliterative arteritis of the lower limbs].

PMID- 3852456
TI  - [Physiopathology of obliterative arteritis of the lower limbs].

PMID- 3852457
TI  - [Life style and habits of the patient with arteritis. Ecology of obliterative
      arteritis of the lower limbs].

PMID- 3852458
TI  - [Pre and postoperative care in obliterative arteritis of the lower limbs].

PMID- 3852459
TI  - [Indications and surgical technics in obliterative arteritis of the lower limbs].

PMID- 3852460
TI  - [Role of the circulating nurse in vascular surgery].

PMID- 3852461
TI  - [M.B.'s arteritis. Case report].

PMID- 3852462
TI  - [Physical examination of a patient with possible obliterative arteritis of the
      lower limbs].

PMID- 3852464
TI  - [Home hospitalization and social service].

PMID- 3852463
TI  - [High-risk pregnancies in home hospitalization].

PMID- 3852465
TI  - [Home hospitalization in pediatric surgery].

PMID- 3852466
TI  - [The child with respiratory insufficiency in home hospitalization].

PMID- 3852467
TI  - [The diabetic child and insulin therapy at home (insulin therapy via portable
      pump)].

PMID- 3852468
TI  - [Diseases cared for by pediatric home hospitalization. 1984].

PMID- 3852469
TI  - [Endometriosis and sterility].

PMID- 3852470
TI  - [Treatment of endometriosis].

PMID- 3852471
TI  - [Woman and caretaker... why?].

PMID- 3852472
TI  - [Round-table discussion. Infant nutrition and hygiene].

PMID- 3852473
TI  - [Caretaker-client and home hospitalization].

PMID- 3852474
TI  - [Experiences from professional nursing counseling].

PMID- 3852475
TI  - [Educational exchange: nurses from Gaustad on a French visit].

PMID- 3852476
TI  - [War/crisis preparedness in our hospital].

PMID- 3852477
TI  - [Norwegian Nurses' Association and the expanded cooperative agreement with the
      Labor Federation].

PMID- 3852478
TI  - [Salary for Norwegian Nurses' Association's own representative].

PMID- 3852479
TI  - [Future nursing. Is there room for older colleagues?].

PMID- 3852480
TI  - [Circumcision--accepted abuse?].

PMID- 3852481
TI  - [Danish voice: that is why I had to travel from Finnmark. Interview by Erik R.
      Selmer].

PMID- 3852482
TI  - [ADP in health services: Nurse?! Can you run a printout for me, please!!].

PMID- 3852483
TI  - [Council for nursing education. No to abbreviated nursing education].

PMID- 3852484
TI  - [The health manpower situation in northern Norway].

PMID- 3852485
TI  - [Minority groups and preventive health services].

PMID- 3852486
TI  - [Nursing homes' place in community health services].

PMID- 3852487
TI  - [Te-Ve-Busk Construction health service: a mobile health facility].

PMID- 3852488
TI  - [Community health regulations--an eviction mechanism?].

PMID- 3852489
TI  - [Nursing counseling--do we need it?].

PMID- 3852490
TI  - [2-year nursing education for nursing assistants].

PMID- 3852491
TI  - [Patient role and sex].

PMID- 3852492
TI  - [Integration of somatic medicine and psychiatry].

PMID- 3852493
TI  - [ILO conference: Norway oil wants reduction in occupational health services].

PMID- 3852494
TI  - [India--3 physicians per nurse].

PMID- 3852495
TI  - [Nursing home patients with senile dementia].

PMID- 3852497
TI  - [Nursing's foundation--knowledge or qualifications?].

PMID- 3852496
TI  - [From geriatric ward B, Ulleval hospital: senile dementia and primary nursing
      care].

PMID- 3852498
TI  - [Nordland's project: protective units--suitable proposal for patients with senile
      dementia].

PMID- 3852499
TI  - [Medical technological equipment is our everyday work].

PMID- 3852500
TI  - [Nationwide study shows: continued great need for nurses].

PMID- 3852501
TI  - [Nursing services in Haukeland hospital].

PMID- 3852502
TI  - [From a refugee camp under siege--nursing in extreme circumstances].

PMID- 3852503
TI  - [After the national conference: change in direction in the Norwegian Assistant
      Nurses' Society?].

PMID- 3852504
TI  - [Health visiting. Mother groups as self-guiding social networks].

PMID- 3852505
TI  - [Standard nursing could mean poor conditions for children's families].

PMID- 3852506
TI  - [One has the right to remain anonymous in the psychiatric casualty ward].

PMID- 3852507
TI  - [Practice places outside of the students' field of work].

PMID- 3852508
TI  - [Tough conditions for and unreasonable demand for student nurses].

PMID- 3852509
TI  - [A problem which should be regarded as an unbelievable paradox].

PMID- 3852510
TI  - [Geriatrics. The elderly prove that they can function in their own home.
      Interview by Ulla Danielsen].

PMID- 3852511
TI  - [Psychotherapy. Nursing and therapy both aim for optimal health].

PMID- 3852512
TI  - [The concept of need in health visiting].

PMID- 3852513
TI  - [Executive Board. Negotiation results go through when ink is scarcely dry].

PMID- 3852514
TI  - [Psychiatry. Treatment surrounds psychopathy with reservation].

PMID- 3852515
TI  - [Health. A good old age starts in the school years].

PMID- 3852516
TI  - [Pain treatment. Anamnesis and examination of cancer pain].

PMID- 3852517
TI  - [Pain treatment. The incidence of chronic pain in cancer patients].

PMID- 3852518
TI  - [Pain treatment. Methods of measuring pain in cancer patients].

PMID- 3852519
TI  - [Pain treatment. Radiation treatment of chronic cancer pain].

PMID- 3852520
TI  - [Pain treatment. Epidural treatment of cancer pain].

PMID- 3852522
TI  - [Pain treatment. Nurses ought to assume an active role].

PMID- 3852521
TI  - [Negotiations 85. The improvements obtained for nurses].

PMID- 3852523
TI  - [Dangerous to condemn an entire profession for being inactive].

PMID- 3852524
TI  - [Nursing schools should reinforce the fight against apartheid].

PMID- 3852525
TI  - [Criticism against our interference doesn't make sense].

PMID- 3852526
TI  - [Extensive Danish participation in the ICN Congress].

PMID- 3852527
TI  - [Psychiatry. Augusrenborg--a place with good development and fruitful team work].

PMID- 3852528
TI  - [Psychiatry. New ideas replace old habits and fear at Augustenborg. Interview by
      Hell Kastholm Hansen].

PMID- 3852529
TI  - [Close cooperation can improve prevention].

PMID- 3852530
TI  - [Short-term stay needs changes in nursing care].

PMID- 3852531
TI  - [Agreement on more educational places has not been observed].

PMID- 3852532
TI  - [Will our leaders report strikes?].

PMID- 3852533
TI  - [An illogical camouflage of infection danger].

PMID- 3852534
TI  - [Psychiatry. We are at the margin with Amnesty's torture regulations].

PMID- 3852535
TI  - [Psychiatry. The Karin case can be use to get politicians to speak].

PMID- 3852536
TI  - [ADP experiences from England are useful for Danish nursing].

PMID- 3852537
TI  - [Utilize possibilities for safety at the work place].

PMID- 3852538
TI  - [Own home or nursing home--decided by whom?].

PMID- 3852539
TI  - [Report on health visiting incorrect].

PMID- 3852540
TI  - [Important to enter into a discussion with politicians].

PMID- 3852541
TI  - [Guidelines for health visiting system revised].

PMID- 3852543
TI  - [Youth is the world's best resource].

PMID- 3852542
TI  - [Confidence and safety are prerequisites in aid to torture victims].

PMID- 3852544
TI  - [Health assistants and nurses in team work for WHO's purposes].

PMID- 3852545
TI  - [Independent communities are a breach with the system employed as usual].

PMID- 3852546
TI  - [Executive Board. Desired renovations block off nursing shortage].

PMID- 3852547
TI  - [Unshaded report on health visiting is without perspective].

PMID- 3852549
TI  - [Ethics in medical technology should be discussed].

PMID- 3852548
TI  - [Belts are enough protection, but always restraint].

PMID- 3852550
TI  - [Bedsore treatment with the greatest possible chance to avoid a new ulcer].

PMID- 3852551
TI  - [State of the blood prekallikrein-kallikrein system in patients with
      glomerulonephritis as affected by pathogenetic therapy].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of the treatment with glucocorticoids (GC),
      cyclophosphamide and indocide on the prekallikrein-kallikrein system (PKKS) of
      the blood in 108 patients with glomerulonephritis. It was revealed that in
      patients with acute and chronic GN, the PKKS was activated before treatment. The
      PKKS activation was marked by a decrease in the content of prekallikrein and
      elevation of the alpha 2-macroglobulin content, particularly in patients with the
      nephrotic syndrome. The efficacy of GC therapy was more pronounced the higher the
      basic activation of the PKKS. The clinical effect of indocide and
      cyclophosphamide did not depend on the initial characteristics of the PKKS.

PMID- 3852552
TI  - Antibodies to human plasma kallikrein from egg yolks of an immunized hen:
      preparation and characterization.

PMID- 3852553
TI  - [Attention for attention].

PMID- 3852554
TI  - [The introduction of work management in a nursing unit].

PMID- 3852556
TI  - [Part-time work among nurses and nursing assistants].

PMID- 3852555
TI  - [Child and hospital. Manifest as handle].

PMID- 3852557
TI  - [Sexuality and intimacy in the general hospital].

PMID- 3852558
TI  - [Consultative psychiatric nursing].

PMID- 3852559
TI  - [On medical pedagogics].

PMID- 3852560
TI  - [Unit-connected testing of nursing activities. A method for quality control and
      promotion].

PMID- 3852561
TI  - [Osteoporosis and its consequences].

PMID- 3852562
TI  - [The art of plain talk. The psychiatric nurse in conversation].

PMID- 3852563
TI  - [Relating to persons with a hearing aid].

PMID- 3852564
TI  - [Optimizing of the utilization of nurses. Quality and costs].

PMID- 3852565
TI  - [Totally implantable access systems for chemotherapy].

PMID- 3852566
TI  - [More elderly persons in the services for mentally retarded. Is personnel in
      mental retardation services oriented towards the increase in older mentally
      handicapped?].

PMID- 3852567
TI  - Hyaline membrane disease of the premature.

PMID- 3852568
TI  - [Patients' experiences of a stay in a nursing home].

PMID- 3852569
TI  - ["Mens sana in organizatione sana"--e healthy soul in a healthy organization].

PMID- 3852570
TI  - [Measuring and improving of quality nursing care].

PMID- 3852571
TI  - [Patients with senile dementia--stepchild of treatment apparatus? A study of how
      senile dementia patients' living situation can be improved through goal-directed
      nursing organized as primary nursing care].

PMID- 3852572
TI  - [Homelike environment in long-term institutionalized care for the elderly].

PMID- 3852573
TI  - [Health care developments internationally and in Sweden].

PMID- 3852574
TI  - [Levels of kallikrein, plasmin and thrombin precursors and the activity of their
      inhibitors in hypertension patients].

PMID- 3852575
TI  - [We must strike for better conditions even though we are civil employees.
      Interview by Anita Widen].

PMID- 3852576
TI  - [Employers gave in to demands. Nurses get back termination notices. Interview by
      Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3852578
TI  - [Holidays, sweet holidays... ].

PMID- 3852577
TI  - [SSF (Swedish Nurses' Association) yesterday. Cooperation with the SHSTF (Swedish
      Association for Health Care and Nursing Employees) means a lot. Interview by Jan
      Thomasson].

PMID- 3852579
TI  - [Women with 10 years experience get the same salary as a newly-appointed man. Sex
      discrimination maintains SHSTF].

PMID- 3852580
TI  - [Changes in health and nursing services. How are health care managers affected?].

PMID- 3852581
TI  - [Still a lot of accidents and near-accidents with hospital equipment. Vague about
      responsibility--this is how it should be].

PMID- 3852582
TI  - [Day of ignomy when the government dictates wages. Interview by Anita Widen].

PMID- 3852583
TI  - [No complete unity without laboratory assistants].

PMID- 3852584
TI  - [Resolution at quiet congress: fewer representatives and longer periods].

PMID- 3852585
TI  - [Margareta Wallman, former chairwoman on the midwifery association: social
      service nursing provides abundant opportunities to travel, study and teach.
      Interview by Anita Widen].

PMID- 3852586
TI  - [Gunilla says 'no' to new nurse's role].

PMID- 3852587
TI  - [SHSTF's lawyer writes on liability: this implies your professional liability].

PMID- 3852588
TI  - [Hospital hygiene is an important area. This is chiefly a question of change in
      attitude].

PMID- 3852590
TI  - [Summer 1985 was the worst in a long time].

PMID- 3852589
TI  - [SHSTF's lawyer writes on liability: did Kerstin do the proper procedure?].

PMID- 3852591
TI  - [Nurse in Teneriffe--dream job for Lena from Nacka. Interview by Agneta Riddar].

PMID- 3852592
TI  - [Stig Wallin, regional SHSTF's representative--great risk that professional work
      will formalize for many].

PMID- 3852593
TI  - [Quota group classification still irritating, but no changes in sight. Interview
      by Viveka Holmertz].

PMID- 3852594
TI  - [Private or public? Serious fighting about Scania's ambulances].

PMID- 3852595
TI  - [Gunilla says 'no' to new nurses' role].

PMID- 3852597
TI  - [Occupational Welfare Board changes its mind. Now Ann can remain an occupational
      health nurse. Interview by Inger Lernevall].

PMID- 3852596
TI  - [Directly from the heart--"with reference to the telephone and patients"].

PMID- 3852598
TI  - [Results of local negotiations in Uppsala: all nurses remain ward managers].

PMID- 3852599
TI  - [Who is responsible in a department?].

PMID- 3852600
TI  - [SHSTF in statement on concept of death. No to introduction of "brain death"].

PMID- 3852601
TI  - [Angry assistants demand licensure. Interview by Inger Lernevall].

PMID- 3852602
TI  - [Ingela works in well care in nuclear power plant. Interview by Viveka Holmertz].

PMID- 3852603
TI  - [Gunilla says 'no' to the new nurses' role].

PMID- 3852604
TI  - [Questionnaire before general election on September 15. Parties' opinions on
      health and nursing services].

PMID- 3852605
TI  - [Logbook on computers: easy to get--hard to comprehend. Interview by Viveka
      Holmertz].

PMID- 3852606
TI  - [Nurses' own cancer consultation. Interview by Inger Lernevall].

PMID- 3852607
TI  - [Various implications to attain "health for all by the year 2000"].

PMID- 3852608
TI  - [Libraries are important but quality changes].

PMID- 3852609
TI  - [This is how it goes when the Liability Committee reviews a case].

PMID- 3852610
TI  - [The new education in Norway not sufficient].

PMID- 3852611
TI  - [Social Welfare Board: assistants do not get licensure].

PMID- 3852612
TI  - [Obesity is a serious health risk: Hjordis research important for many. Interview
      by Anita Widen].

PMID- 3852613
TI  - [Computers spirit away distances. Interview by Viveka Holmertz].

PMID- 3852614
TI  - [How will we get properly trained nurses in psychiatry? Answer: administrators
      should stimulate to continuing education and give economic support].

PMID- 3852615
TI  - [It remains exactly as before--Summer 1985 a tough job for SHSTF's members].

PMID- 3852617
TI  - [Why do we slander each other?].

PMID- 3852616
TI  - [Runa's work in Zimbabwe is entirely different from job in Academia. Interview by
      Stefan Lundstrom].

PMID- 3852618
TI  - [Personnel wrote Social Welfare Board: stop overcrowding].

PMID- 3852619
TI  - [Kerstin, peace-activist school nurse: we can improve the world with light
      picture. Interview by Ulla Tengling].

PMID- 3852620
TI  - [It is natural that the Social Welfare Board is often in hot air. Interview by
      Janne Berglund].

PMID- 3852621
TI  - [Resistance against research in education is a myth. Interview by Viveka
      Holmertz].

PMID- 3852622
TI  - [SHSTF goes along with ISAK (Isolation South Africa Committee) and makes
      history].

PMID- 3852623
TI  - [English changing of the guard in the professor's chair].

PMID- 3852625
TI  - [My everyday psychiatric ethics].

PMID- 3852624
TI  - [Care planning with computers: let no computer dictate decisions to you].

PMID- 3852626
TI  - [Diary from Afghanistan. The surgery has just opened--here come the bombers].

PMID- 3852627
TI  - [Torture's wounds must heal from within].

PMID- 3852628
TI  - [Nurse's role: never interrogate, harass or frighten a torture victim. Interview
      by Anita Widen].

PMID- 3852630
TI  - [Shift work time a great problem for many].

PMID- 3852629
TI  - [You can forget your theater tickets, you have to work this evening.... Interview
      by Viveka Holmertz].

PMID- 3852631
TI  - [Dialysis judgement appealed. Interview by Viveka Holmertz].

PMID- 3852632
TI  - ["A human being is a unit--body and soul belong together". Nurses are important
      in open mental health care. Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3852633
TI  - [After introductory round: foundation schools will remain].

PMID- 3852634
TI  - [Do independent districts settle for primary care nurses? We doubt it says
      personnel].

PMID- 3852635
TI  - [Do independent districts settle for primary care nurses? Yes, obviously, says
      district council. Interview by Viveka Holmertz].

PMID- 3852636
TI  - [Aid for professional education in Kenya. As TCO (Central Organization for
      Salaried Employees) member you are paying 20 ore].

PMID- 3852637
TI  - Timentin in the treatment of symptomatic complicated urinary tract infections in
      adult patients.
AB  - The safety and effectiveness of Timentin were evaluated in 34 adult patients with
      symptomatic complicated urinary tract infections, principally due to multiply
      drug-resistant bacteria. Although a wide variety of organisms, particularly gram
      negative bacilli, were found, Escherichia coli was the most frequent, accounting
      for 14 of 45 (31 percent) pathogens isolated. Ten (22 percent) isolates were
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 11 (24 percent) were Proteus or Morganella species; three
      (7 percent) were Citrobacter; one (2 percent) was Klebsiella pneumoniae; two (4
      percent) were Staphylococcus aureus; and two (4 percent) were enterococci. Ninety
      three percent of all pathogens isolated produced a beta-lactamase. Eight (24
      percent) infections were polymicrobial; seven (21 percent) were associated with
      bacteremia. Clinical improvement occurred in 30 of 34 (86 percent) patients. All
      bacteremias were cured. Although bacteriologic cure occurred in only 32 percent
      of patients, control of sepsis and temporary eradication of bacteria
      (bacteriologic improvement) occurred in 96 percent. Not surprisingly, the rates
      of relapses and reinfections were high. It was concluded that Timentin is a
      useful agent in the management of complicated urinary tract infection and offers
      clinicians an alternative to more toxic antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides.

PMID- 3852638
TI  - Out of control.

PMID- 3852639
TI  - How is the air-fluidized bed best used?

PMID- 3852640
TI  - The ostomy. 2. What can go wrong.

PMID- 3852641
TI  - The ostomy. 2. What about special procedures?

PMID- 3852642
TI  - A prudent pulmonary rehab program.

PMID- 3852643
TI  - A patient's best friend.

PMID- 3852644
TI  - Florida: AJN jobfocus.

PMID- 3852646
TI  - Walking improves balance, reduces falls.

PMID- 3852645
TI  - Single mothers' perceptions of their newborns.

PMID- 3852647
TI  - Funny laws.

PMID- 3852648
TI  - Enzymatic activity of rat submandibular gland kallikrein released into blood.
AB  - Enzymatic activity of submandibular gland (SG) kallikrein released into saliva
      and blood was studied at rest and after autonomic nerve stimulation. Kallikrein
      was measured by an immunometric assay that allows measurement of immunoreactive
      kallikrein in complex with inhibitors as well as simultaneous determination of
      kallikrein enzymatic activity. Measurements using the chromogenic substrate S2266
      gave identical results to the natural substrate kininogen. Endogenous SG
      kallikrein secretory rate was, at rest, 0.9 +/- 0.1 ng/min. Kallikrein secretion
      into blood in response to autonomic nerve stimulation paralleled that into
      saliva, and secretion was greatly enhanced by alpha-adrenergic stimulation. In
      plasma, kallikrein was bound to several inhibitors that completely or partially
      blocked the enzyme activity. In arterial and SG venous control plasma, 93 +/- 3
      and 72 +/- 10% inhibition of kallikrein enzyme activity was observed,
      respectively. Sympathetic stimulation after administration of a beta-adrenergic
      blocker increased kallikrein enzyme activity 62 and 11 times in arterial and SG
      venous plasma, respectively, with a corresponding 78 +/- 8 and 70 +/- 8%
      inhibition of kallikrein enzyme activity. A fraction containing kallikrein
      resembling "free kallikrein" was always present in plasma.

PMID- 3852649
TI  - Isolation, characterization, and amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of
      human neutrophil elastase from normal donors.
AB  - Human neutrophil elastase from normal donors has been purified using an isolation
      procedure which included sequential sodium chloride extraction, Aprotinin
      Sepharose affinity chromatography, CM-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and
      AcA44 gel filtration chromatography. The inclusion of this last purification step
      was crucial for separating inactive lower molecular weight species from the
      active forms of neutrophil elastase and resulted in a higher specific activity of
      the final preparation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gel
      electrophoresis of the reduced purified protein demonstrated three polypeptides
      of Mr 31,000, 28,000, and 27,500. Four polypeptides were resolved on acid gel
      electrophoresis; each of the four possessed amidolytic activity. Furthermore,
      peptide analysis of Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digests indicated that
      these polypeptides are structurally related to each other and represent
      microheterogeneity of the purified protein. The apparent isoelectric points of
      these four forms as determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis range from 6.1
      to 6.7. By utilizing microsequencing techniques, the first 40 residues of
      neutrophil elastase have been determined and compared with the reported sequence
      of elastase isolated from leukemic myeloid cells. In addition, a high degree of
      homology was found within the amino-terminal regions of neutrophil elastase and
      the serine proteinases porcine elastase, bovine chymotrypsin, human factor D, and
      the beta chain of plasmin.

PMID- 3852650
TI  - Nurses meet challenges as cost cuts take toll.

PMID- 3852651
TI  - RN gives supportive care to patients dying of AIDS. Interview by Patricia
      McCarty.

PMID- 3852652
TI  - North Dakota hearings support two nursing levels: BSN, AD.

PMID- 3852653
TI  - NIH Bill passes, includes nursing research center.

PMID- 3852655
TI  - Assessment reveals it's time for us to change.

PMID- 3852654
TI  - 10 qualities prepare BSN nurses for acute care, director says.

PMID- 3852656
TI  - As I see it: LPNs see associate degree as key to their survival.

PMID- 3852658
TI  - Strategies to meet increased competition for outpatients.
AB  - The aim of marketing is to make selling superfluous. The aim of marketing is to
      know and understand the consumer so well that the product or service fits him and
      sells itself," said P. F. Drucker in Management: Tasks, Practices,
      Responsibilities. For hospitals that are directly competing with surgicenters for
      patients and physicians, the competition will intensify. Hospitals in those
      environments must develop streamlined ambulatory surgery programs that are
      attuned to consumers' changing demands. The winners in capturing the ambulatory
      surgery market will be organizations with the following: current market
      knowledge, facilities that serve the consumer's needs and demands, creative
      leadership, a formalized marketing plan, and a commitment to excellence.

PMID- 3852657
TI  - Evaluation of oxacillin tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus by a novel method.
AB  - A novel agar dilution plate-count procedure for the quantitative measurement of
      bacterial inhibition and killing is described. For Staphylococcus aureus versus
      oxacillin, by the agar dilution plate-count procedure it was found that only 1 of
      20 clinical isolates and 1 of 7 allegedly tolerant reference isolates met the
      conventional definition of tolerance. By using inocula of 10(5) CFU per plate,
      most isolates were demonstrated to have subpopulations of cells which, although
      inhibited, persisted for 24 h in concentrations significantly above their MICs.
      The persister percentages at 24 h appeared to be strain dependent, and all
      persisters exhibited the paradoxical effect. For each isolate, the persister
      percentage markedly decreased after action by oxacillin for 48 h, and the
      paradoxical effect was greatly diminished. Our findings suggest that tolerance is
      an artificial and arbitrary concept that does not adequately characterize the
      inhibition and killing dynamics associated with the persister phenomenon.

PMID- 3852659
TI  - Carcinoma of the parasinuses. Perioperative nursing responsibilities.

PMID- 3852660
TI  - Imperforate anus. Diagnosis and surgical treatment.

PMID- 3852661
TI  - Facilitating children's coping. Preoperative assessment interviews.

PMID- 3852662
TI  - Establishing an otologic OR. One hospital's approach to difficulties.

PMID- 3852663
TI  - Proposed recommended practices. Sterilization and disinfection.

PMID- 3852664
TI  - Keynote address emphasizes universal caring.

PMID- 3852665
TI  - Living wills--assuring patients' decision-making rights.

PMID- 3852666
TI  - Effects of antimicrobial agents fed to chickens on some gram-negative enteric
      bacilli.
AB  - Total and antimicrobial agent-resistant aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram
      negative enteric bacilli in fecal samples of broiler chickens fed growth
      promotional levels of antimicrobial agents were determined quantitatively. Two 8
      week studies were conducted utilizing groups of chickens fed antimicrobial
      supplemented rations; the second study involved feed "pasteurization" as a means
      of minimizing colonization from the feed. Dilution/spread-plating/replica-plating
      techniques on selective media were used to obtain counts of total organisms and
      those resistant to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, ampicillin, or
      kanamycin. The predominant aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-negative
      organism was Escherichia coli, which was detected in all samples at levels
      ranging from 10(5) to over 10(10) CFU/g of feces. Less common were Proteus
      mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas sp., which varied in occurrence
      and levels from group to group (range, less than 10(3) to 10(8) CFU/g).
      Resistance to all antimicrobials (except chloramphenicol in E. coli) was commonly
      observed at incidences exceeding 10(3) CFU/g in the total populations.
      Colonization of the chickens' intestinal tracts by susceptible and resistant
      strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas sp. appeared to result from
      their presence in the environment of the newly hatched chickens. Ration
      pasteurization did affect P. mirabilis, which appeared to colonize from the feed.
      The results suggest that colonization by, and proliferation of, antimicrobial
      resistant aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-negative enteric bacilli in
      chicken intestinal tracts may be less dependent on selection through
      antimicrobial supplementation of the ration than on their prevalence in
      environments from which they can colonize newborns.

PMID- 3852667
TI  - Aging in today's society.

PMID- 3852668
TI  - Terminating dialysis: a case study and public health policy analysis.

PMID- 3852669
TI  - From committee to copyright.

PMID- 3852670
TI  - Psychomotor skills for baccalaureates.

PMID- 3852671
TI  - Aggression against nurses.

PMID- 3852672
TI  - Infertility therapy: the genesis of a course.

PMID- 3852673
TI  - Nurse & the law. Drug orders must be written up.

PMID- 3852674
TI  - Gliclazide--oral hypoglycaemic agent.

PMID- 3852675
TI  - Colic: a "residential" management plan.

PMID- 3852676
TI  - The blood story. Part III. The storage and administration of blood and blood
      products.

PMID- 3852677
TI  - Signposts to better psychogeriatric behaviour.

PMID- 3852678
TI  - College education: reflections of a mature student.

PMID- 3852680
TI  - Corticosteroids.

PMID- 3852679
TI  - Nurse & the law. A timely warning.

PMID- 3852681
TI  - Elastase in the different primary granules of the human neutrophil.
AB  - Elastase in the human neutrophil is associated with various subpopulations of
      primary granules of different density. The proportion of this enzyme that is
      extracted with acetate pH 4.2 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide varies in the
      different subpopulations. Nevertheless, the electrophoretic mobility and relative
      proportions of elastase isoenzymes is the same in both extracts from the
      different subpopulations. On stimulation of neutrophils with N
      formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine, elastase is not released from the least dense
      subpopulation, whereas other two subpopulations do undergo degranulation to
      approximately the same extent. However, the release of elastase from these two
      denser granules differs after they are isolated and treated with calcium.

PMID- 3852682
TI  - Tissue kallikrein of human seminal plasma is secreted by the prostate gland.
AB  - Samples of human seminal plasma were subjected to gel filtration, and the eluted
      fractions were analysed for their contents of tissue kallikrein-like antigen,
      arginine esterase activity and kininogenase activity. Two peaks of tissue
      kallikrein-like antigen were detected with apparent molecular masses of about 72
      and 48 kDa. As judged by the criteria of molecular mass, immunoreactivity,
      kininogenase activity, identification of the released kinin as kallidin and
      inhibition studies, a genuine tissue kallikrein has been identified in the 48-kDa
      peak. In addition, this peak contains one or more species of immunoreactive
      tissue kallikrein which differ in molecular mass and enzymatic activities. The 72
      kDa peak probably represents the complex of tissue kallikrein with alpha 1
      proteinase inhibitor rather than a true high molecular mass tissue kallikrein.
      The prostate gland was identified as the site of origin of the tissue kallikrein
      in the seminal fluid by indirect methods and by demonstrating immunoreactive
      tissue kallikrein in prostatic tissue and secretion.

PMID- 3852683
TI  - [Mechanism and time periods of the development of hyaline membranes in acute
      respiratory failure of traumatic origin].
AB  - The model of chest trauma accompanied by acute respiratory failure was studied on
      78 guinea-pigs. Histological and electron microscopic methods have revealed a
      typical pattern of shock lung: combination of diffuse bilateral microfocal
      distelectases and microcirculation disturbances, i.e. pulmonary venular spasm
      accompanied by sludge, disseminated intravascular coagulation, focal hemorrhages
      and interstitial edema. In 5 out of 13 cases 72 hours later hyaline membranes
      were observed as conglomerations of eosinophilic masses of plate form, distinct
      from intraalveolar edema. At the ultrastructural level hyaline membranes could be
      identified as stripes of granular or fibrillar accumulations containing cellular
      organella debris, ajacent to alveolar walls.

PMID- 3852684
TI  - Blood cells as markers for metabolic disorders.

PMID- 3852685
TI  - Danazol in acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura: a case report.
AB  - Acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura is a rare disease. Most
      reported patients did not respond to any therapeutical approach. Recently we
      observed a striking improvement of this disorder in a female patient shortly
      after therapy with danazol had been initiated. This observation and its possible
      implication for the treatment of amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia are reported
      herein.

PMID- 3852687
TI  - Education blitz necessary to reduce fear of AIDS, says infection control nurse.

PMID- 3852686
TI  - Effects of diadenosine triphosphate (Ap3A) and diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A)
      on platelet aggregation in unfractionated human blood.
AB  - The effects on platelet aggregation of diadenosine triphosphate (Ap3A) and
      diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), both of which are stored in and released from
      platelet granules, have been studied in unfractionated human blood using a
      microscopic platelet-count ratio method. Ap3A at submicromolar concentrations
      induces platelet aggregation whereas the homologue dinucleotide Ap4A has
      disaggregating potency. In the concentration range between 10(-7) to 10(-5) M,
      Ap3A has been found to be as effective as ADP in triggering aggregate formation.
      These results confirm and essentially extend our recent findings with platelet
      rich plasma that Ap3A is able to trigger platelet aggregation by a slow release
      of ADP from Ap3A which is catalyzed by a plasma hydrolase. Formation of platelet
      aggregates was also followed kinetically using a turbidometric method which has
      been developed for this purpose. In contrast to ADP which very rapidly induces a
      transient state of aggregation, the effect of Ap3A occurs much more slowly but
      induces the same maximum of aggregation. The duration of the Ap3A stimulus,
      however, is longer than that of ADP pointing to a potential physiological
      function of Ap3A as a "masked" source for ADP.

PMID- 3852688
TI  - An Ethiopian experience.

PMID- 3852689
TI  - Acute stroke: early recognition is the key to successful treatment.

PMID- 3852690
TI  - Abortion: the teenage patient and the OR nurse.

PMID- 3852691
TI  - Nurses speak out on teens and abortion.

PMID- 3852692
TI  - The effects of inflammatory bowel disease on lifestyle.

PMID- 3852693
TI  - tRNA nuclear transport: defining the critical regions of human tRNAimet by point
      mutagenesis.
AB  - We recently described a carrier-mediated nuclear transport system for tRNA in
      Xenopus laevis oocytes. A natural human tRNAimet variant with a G to T
      transversion in position 57 is defective in transport across the nuclear
      membrane. In addition, processing of the primary transcript of the variant gene
      is much less efficient than the wild type. We now describe the nuclear transport
      and processing phenotypes of 30 different point mutants generated by in vitro
      mutagenesis of a wild-type human tRNAimet gene. The effects of each nucleotide
      change on processing and transport were analyzed in X. laevis oocytes following
      nuclear microinjection of each mutant gene. Mutants exhibiting transport
      defective behavior were further characterized by measuring transport kinetics of
      the purified mature tRNA. Our studies demonstrate that many mutations affect
      tRNAimet nuclear transport, although those with the most deleterious effects are
      clustered in the highly conserved D stem-loop and T stem-loop regions.

PMID- 3852694
TI  - The effects of vanadate and molybdate on cathepsin D; relationship to ATP
      activation of lysosomal proteolysis.
AB  - The effects of the phosphate analogues, vanadate and molybdate, on the ATP
      activated enzyme, cathepsin D, were investigated. Both were found to inhibit
      proteolysis but this appeared to be the result of non-specific interactions with
      the protein substrates which result in precipitation, rather than interactions
      with the enzyme. Inhibition of proteolysis was induced by the same concentration
      of inhibitors as that which induced precipitation (measured by turbidity), and
      was dependent on the concentration of substrate. Precipitation did not occur at
      neutral pH but was maximal below pH 5. High concentrations of salt (greater than
      1M KC1) prevented precipitation of proteins by vanadate and molybdate and under
      these conditions little inhibition of proteolysis was observed even at high
      inhibitor concentrations. Nonetheless, ATP was found to activate proteolysis
      catalyzed directly by lysosomal enzymes at acid pH, while vanadate and molybdate
      inhibited proteolysis in this system and induced precipitation of substrate.
      These results indicate that inhibition of proteolysis at acid pH by vanadate (or
      molybdate) has no relationship to inhibition of proteases and/or ATP dependence
      of such enzymes. However, direct activation of cathepsin D in lysosomes by ATP
      remains a viable hypothesis.

PMID- 3852696
TI  - [AIDS: implications for South African nurses--I].

PMID- 3852695
TI  - Nurse returns after three years in El Salvador. Interview by Beth Blacksin..

PMID- 3852697
TI  - Preparing nurse managers for informed action.

PMID- 3852698
TI  - [The effectiveness of various study opportunities for psychiatric nursing
      students to learn interpersonal skills].

PMID- 3852700
TI  - A community development project.

PMID- 3852699
TI  - [The needs of the hospitalized young child from the developmental viewpoint].

PMID- 3852701
TI  - Village health workers: first line of contact in the Republic of Ciskei.

PMID- 3852702
TI  - [The mourning process].

PMID- 3852703
TI  - [Adolescent daughters should receive education on breast examination and
      menstruation].

PMID- 3852704
TI  - Factors associated with the perception of side-effects relating to the use of
      contraceptive methods.

PMID- 3852705
TI  - Intra partum foetal distress.

PMID- 3852706
TI  - [Foot care for the elderly--1. Assessment of the need for foot care in a group of
      elderly persons].

PMID- 3852708
TI  - Symposium on pulmonary edema.

PMID- 3852707
TI  - Effect of gamma radiation versus ethylene oxide sterilization of dialyzers and
      blood lines on plasma levels of granulocyte elastase in hemodialyzed patients.
AB  - The effect of gamma versus ethylene oxide sterilization of different dialyzers
      (polyacrylonitrile, cuprophan) and blood lines on plasma levels of granulocyte
      elastase and of lysozyme during hemodialysis was investigated in 17 chronically
      uremic patients. Plasma levels of granulocyte elastase increased during
      hemodialysis but significantly less in the presence of polyacrylonitrile compared
      with cuprophan membranes. In contrast, enhanced lysozyme plasma levels decreased
      during dialysis using the polyacrylonitrile dialyzer to values of healthy
      controls and remained unchanged using the cuprophan dialyzer. Both effects were
      not influenced by the way of sterilization. We conclude that granulocyte
      activation during hemodialysis occurs independently of the sterilization
      procedure of dialyzers and blood lines in patients showing no clinical signs of
      hypersensitivity.

PMID- 3852709
TI  - The Student Paper Competition in Medical Informatics at the Symposium on Computer
      Applications in Medical Care (SCAMC)

PMID- 3852710
TI  - Development and applications of an interactive digital filter design program.
AB  - We have implemented an interactive digital filter design program in the HP 1000
      computer at the Department of Electrical Engineering of the University of
      Washington. This program allows users to design different types of filters
      interactively with both amplitude and phase responses displayed on graphic
      devices. The performance of each designed filter can be evaluated conveniently
      before the best one is chosen and implemented for any particular application.
      This program can design recursive filters, e.g. Butterworth, Chebyshev and
      elliptic, or nonrecursive filters with one out of six different windows, i.e.
      rectangular, triangular, Hann, Hamming, Blackman and Kaiser. The main outputs
      from this program are coefficients of a transfer function of an analog filter, a
      digital filter, or both. Therefore, the design of both analog and digital filters
      is facilitated by using this program. The program is very simple to use and does
      not require background in analog or digital filter principles in order to run it.
      The program is written in standard FORTRAN and is about 30 kbytes in size
      excluding the graphics display routines. Since it uses standard FORTRAN, it can
      be easily transported to minicomputer and microcomputer systems that have a
      FORTRAN compiler and minimal graphics capabilities. This program is available for
      distribution to interested institutions and laboratories.

PMID- 3852711
TI  - SCAN, an exploratory program for preliminary analysis of bioassay and immunoassay
      data.
AB  - We describe the program SCAN which has been designed for use in conjunction with
      analysis of variance of immunoassay or bioassay data and which may also be used
      with more general one-way analysis of variance. Data within treatment groups are
      examined for outliers and normality of distribution. Overall statistics for
      normality and homogeneity of variance are also computed. Contributions of
      individual groups to these statistics are tabulated to permit the detection of
      aberrant groups. Means and variances are available in a form which facilitates
      detection of any response error relationship.

PMID- 3852712
TI  - Alignment of nucleotide or amino acid sequences on microcomputers, using a
      modification of Sellers' (1974) algorithm which avoids the need for calculation
      of the complete distance matrix.
AB  - A program to calculate optimum alignment between two sequences, which may be DNA,
      amino acid or other information, has been written in PASCAL. The Sellers'
      algorithm for calculating distance between sequences has been modified to reduce
      its demands on microcomputer memory space by more than half. Gap penalties and
      mismatch scores are user-adjustable. In 48 K of memory the program aligns
      sequences up to 170 elements in length; optimum alignment and total distance
      between a pair of sequences are displayed. The program aligns longer sequences by
      subdivision of both sequences into corresponding, overlapping sections. Section
      length and amount of section overlap are user-defined. More importantly,
      extension of this modification of Sellers' algorithm to align longer sequences,
      given hardware and compilers/languages capable of using a larger memory space
      (e.g. 640 K), shows that it is now possible to align, without subdivision,
      sequences with up to 700 elements each. The increase in computation time for this
      program with increasing sequence lengths aligned without subdivision is
      curvilinear, but total times are essentially dependent on
      hardware/language/compiler combinations. The statistical significance of an
      alignment is examined with conventional Monte Carlo approaches.

PMID- 3852713
TI  - Computational statistics for cell survival curves. I. Evaluation of the colony
      forming ability of a single cell strain by the APL function CFALINE.
AB  - An interactive program for the statistical analysis of cell survival curves by a
      linear regression approach is described. It allows for the computational
      determination of the linear part of a cell survival curve and the determination
      of a common slope estimate in the presence of repeated experiments for a
      particular cell strain with the appropriate variance estimates and confidence
      intervals.

PMID- 3852714
TI  - Computational statistics for cell survival curves. II. Evaluation of colony
      forming ability of a group of cell strains by the APL function CFAGROUP.
AB  - An interactive program for the statistical analysis of groups of cell survival
      curves is described. Methods from linear regression are applied in the presence
      of repeated experiments and estimates of a common slope and its variance are
      obtained by weighted means and a bootstrap resampling technique.

PMID- 3852715
TI  - Early detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma by three-dimensional nevoscopy.
AB  - Malignant melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer, and often develops
      from a pre-existing mole (nevus) or the pigment cells of the upper layer of the
      skin. The incidence of, as well as the mortality rate due to malignant melanoma
      is increasing relentlessly all over the world. The survival rate may be improved
      and nearly all patients may be saved if their melanomas are detected early and
      removed surgically. We have developed a new non-invasive method of imaging nevi
      and other skin lesions for the detection of three-dimensional changes in the
      shape and size of such lesions which uses the principles of computed tomography
      (CT). The skin lesion is transilluminated using fibre optics directed into the
      skin and images of the transilluminated lesion are obtained at different angles
      by an optical instrument called a 'nevoscope'. The three-dimensional
      reconstruction of the lesion is then obtained using new limited-view CT
      algorithms. A quantitative analysis of consecutive three-dimensional
      reconstructions demonstrates any changes in thickness, size, color, and structure
      of the lesion which may indicate the development of a malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3852716
TI  - [Instructions in case studies by students (1)].

PMID- 3852718
TI  - [Interactions with the family members who are caring for an aged, bedridden
      patient].

PMID- 3852717
TI  - [Psycho-cybernetics and nursing--in search of more meaningful encounters with the
      patient. (3)].

PMID- 3852719
TI  - [Discussion on the report on the "interactions with the family members who are
      caring for an aged, bedridden patient"].

PMID- 3852720
TI  - Old wives tales: eye of newt.

PMID- 3852721
TI  - Lifting aids: let the aids take the strain.

PMID- 3852722
TI  - Infant care: getting it right.

PMID- 3852723
TI  - District nursing: spreading the load.

PMID- 3852724
TI  - Political animals.

PMID- 3852725
TI  - [The PMN elastase plasma level, a biochemical parameter of the severity of
      trauma].
AB  - Polytrauma patients with defined severity of trauma showed a significant release
      of lysosomal enzymes as measured by PMN leucocyte elastase-alpha 1 proteinase
      inhibitor complex in plasma. A positive correlation was found between the amount
      of liberated elastase and the severity of trauma (- indicated by means of extent
      of tissue trauma and blood loss). The concentration of elastase complexed with
      alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor may serve as an indicator for the severity of trauma
      and as an objective parameter supplementing the scales and scores used until now,
      which all are based upon subjective judgement.

PMID- 3852726
TI  - A possible role for self-management techniques in control of diabetes.

PMID- 3852727
TI  - Community-based diabetes education: an outreach program.

PMID- 3852728
TI  - Using the team approach in pediatric diabetes care: a retrospective audit.

PMID- 3852729
TI  - Diabetes education and the older patient.

PMID- 3852730
TI  - Diabetes and pregnancy: a retrospective 5-year description comparing two
      management settings.

PMID- 3852731
TI  - Anxiety and the timing of diabetes teaching in the hospital: a literature review.

PMID- 3852732
TI  - Flexible diets for diabetes care.

PMID- 3852733
TI  - Diabetes and grief.

PMID- 3852734
TI  - Third party reimbursement for diabetes care. I. The prospective payment system:
      implications for diabetes patient education.

PMID- 3852735
TI  - A team approach to weight loss.

PMID- 3852737
TI  - A course for babysitters of children with IDDM.

PMID- 3852736
TI  - An item bank of diabetes-related test questions.

PMID- 3852738
TI  - Dental care for the person with diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3852739
TI  - A team approach: peer group support program for adolescents with diabetes.

PMID- 3852740
TI  - Nutrition update.

PMID- 3852741
TI  - The origin of the very variable haemolytic activities of the common human
      complement component C4 allotypes including C4-A6.
AB  - The human complement component C4 occurs in many different forms which show big
      differences in their haemolytic activities. This phenomenon seems likely to be of
      considerable importance both physiologically and pathologically. C4 is coded by
      duplicated genes between HLA-D and HLA-B loci in the major histocompatibility
      complex in man. Several fold differences in haemolytic activity between products
      of the two loci C4-A and C4-B have been correlated with changes of six amino acid
      residues in this large protein of 1722 residues and with differences of several
      fold in the covalent binding of C4 to antibody-antigen aggregates. Some allotypes
      of one locus also differ markedly, notably C4-A6 which has 1/10th the haemolytic
      activity of other C4-A allotypes. A monoclonal antibody affinity column has been
      prepared which is able to separate C4-A from C4-B proteins and, using serum from
      an individual expressing only the C4-A6 allele at the C4-A locus, C4-A6 protein
      has been prepared. Investigation has shown C4-A6 to have the same reactivity as
      other C4-A allotypes except in the formation of the complex protease, C5
      convertase. This protease is formed from C4, C2 and C3 and if C4-A6 is used it
      has approximately 1/5th the catalytic activity compared with other C4-A allotype.
      Allelic differences in sequence identified in C4 proteins so far are few and it
      is probable that the big difference in catalytic activity of C5 convertase is
      caused by very small changes in structure.

PMID- 3852742
TI  - Elastase digested urokinase (ED-UK).
AB  - Elastase digested urokinase (ED-UK) was prepared from human high mol. wt
      urokinase (HMW-UK). It resembled low mol. wt urokinase (LMW-UK) in its mol. wt,
      specific activity, and active sites. The steady-state kinetic parameters of each
      enzyme for the activation of human Glu-plasminogen also resembled each other, as
      did their amidase parameters (with pyro-Glu-Gly-Arg-pNA).

PMID- 3852743
TI  - When do we stop--or do we?

PMID- 3852744
TI  - Assessment and treatment of right ventricular infarction.

PMID- 3852745
TI  - Public controversies and private rights.

PMID- 3852746
TI  - Trauma during pregnancy. Nursing assessment in the emergency department.

PMID- 3852747
TI  - Chest tube stripping: is it necessary?

PMID- 3852748
TI  - You--a nurse manager? Career development.

PMID- 3852749
TI  - Jacqueline Clinton. Nursing research goes public.

PMID- 3852750
TI  - Not life threatening: mitral valve prolapse syndrome.

PMID- 3852751
TI  - Legislation affects your practice.

PMID- 3852752
TI  - The transport of conjoined twins.

PMID- 3852753
TI  - [Civil defense, a need vital to be considered].

PMID- 3852754
TI  - [Home childbirth today].

PMID- 3852755
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the transcription initiation region for rRNA in the sea
      urchin Lytechinus variegatus.
AB  - The 1191-bp sequence which includes the 5' end of 18S X rDNA and its adjacent
      spacer have been determined for a cloned fragment of sea urchin rDNA. The 5' end
      of 33S precursor rRNA (pre-rRNA) has been located by S1 nuclease mapping and
      primer extension. Pre-rRNA appears to be initiated at an A, 658 bp upstream from
      the 5' terminus of 18S rRNA. The first nucleotide of 18S rRNA was also analyzed
      by S1 nuclease mapping and found to correspond to T in the nontranscribed DNA
      strand. Comparisons of the transcription initiation region in rDNA and the 5' end
      of 18S X rDNA with the corresponding regions in other eukaryotes reveal no
      significant nucleotide sequence homology in the precursor portion while the 5'
      end of 18S X rDNA is highly conserved.

PMID- 3852756
TI  - Replies to a "Call for Help".

PMID- 3852757
TI  - Today I came home and cried.

PMID- 3852758
TI  - Managing indwelling catheters in the home.

PMID- 3852759
TI  - A new device to decrease falls.

PMID- 3852760
TI  - Nutrition. Imitation food and the real thing.

PMID- 3852761
TI  - 70+ and going strong. A conversation with Eric Sevareid.

PMID- 3852762
TI  - Drugs and the elderly. Cardiovascular update.

PMID- 3852763
TI  - The role of the nurse practitioner--with the accent on "nurse'.

PMID- 3852764
TI  - Nurse practitioner and the law.

PMID- 3852765
TI  - The education of a nurse practitioner.

PMID- 3852767
TI  - Contexts for scientific creativity: applications to nursing.

PMID- 3852766
TI  - A Christmas "least one' on Hell-fer-Sartin.

PMID- 3852768
TI  - A model for predicting the adaptation of families to medical crisis: an analysis
      of role integration.

PMID- 3852769
TI  - A descriptive study: defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis cardiac
      output, alterations in: decreased.

PMID- 3852770
TI  - Maximizing mailed questionnaire responses.

PMID- 3852771
TI  - Rationale for a language for naming problems from a nursing perspective.

PMID- 3852772
TI  - Nursing shortage in transition.

PMID- 3852773
TI  - The changing nursing practice environment: future employment opportunities for
      RNs.

PMID- 3852774
TI  - S.H.A.R.E. your way to success: an approach for finding your first job.

PMID- 3852775
TI  - Time management skill: a key to success.

PMID- 3852776
TI  - Interviewing: a necessary skill in today's shrinking job market.

PMID- 3852777
TI  - Is your curriculum vitae or resume working for you?

PMID- 3852778
TI  - Different allotypes of C3 degrade at different rates.
AB  - To determine whether different forms of C3 degrade at different rates, we
      compared two strains of mice with a B10 background. The only difference was that
      one is C3A, while the other is C3B. These strains allow comparison of C3A and C3B
      without the added complication of differing C3 convertases. Sera from the two
      strains were incubated with zymosan and the degradation products were detected by
      immunofixation following electrophoresis in agarose. The rate of degradation of
      mouse C3B was more rapid than that of C3A. Differences in the rates of
      degradation could not be explained by differing concentrations of C3. We suggest
      that the genetic differences in C3 determine the decay rate following activation
      via the alternate pathway.

PMID- 3852779
TI  - Increasing prevalence of high degree resistant strains of salmonellae to
      ampicillin, chloramphenicol and furazolidone in India.

PMID- 3852780
TI  - Characterization of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to human tissue
      kallikrein.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to purified human urinary kallikrein have been developed.
      Selection of antibody producing clones was based on 125I-kallikrein binding
      activity of hybridoma media in both radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. Three clones (2 IgG1, 1 IgG2b) were subcloned,
      characterized, and compared with the polyclonal antiserum generated in rabbits
      immunized with the purified kallikrein. With radioimmunoassay, mouse ascitic
      fluids or rabbit antisera dilutions showing 50% binding to 125I-kallikrein were
      1:1.2 X 10(6) (E7A9), 1:1.2 X 10(5) (H6A6), 1:8.0 X 10(4) (E12H1), and 1:1.4 X
      10(6) (the rabbit antisera). With enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, mouse
      ascitic fluids from clones E7A9 and H6A6 showed half-maximal absorbance at
      dilutions of 1:2.1 X 10(5) and 1:1.0 X 10(5) respectively, and the polyclonal
      antiserum showed half-maximal absorbance at a dilution of 1:2.0 X 10(4). These
      monoclonal antibodies showed no cross-reactivity with rat tissue kallikrein, rat
      urinary plasminogen activator, or dog pancreatic kallikrein, while the polyclonal
      antiserum showed some cross-reactivity. The binding of monoclonal or polyclonal
      antibodies to 125I-human urinary kallikrein was not affected by human plasma
      kallikrein, thrombin, or urokinase in a competitive radioimmunoassay. By using
      purified human urinary kallikrein immobilized to agarose, antibodies produced by
      clones E7A9 and H6A6 and in the rabbit antisera were purified to homogeneity.
      Each of these affinity-purified antibodies inhibited the esterase activity, and
      two of the three inhibited the kininogenase activity, of human urinary
      kallikrein. A sandwich immunosorbent assay was developed to measure this
      kallikrein using monoclonal antibody from the clone E7A9 in conjunction with the
      polyclonal antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3852781
TI  - [A long-range program of baccalaureate studies in Manitoba].

PMID- 3852782
TI  - [The right to live with pain].

PMID- 3852783
TI  - [Intense emotional reactions with induced abortion].

PMID- 3852784
TI  - [A tool for data collection in obstetrics].

PMID- 3852785
TI  - [The headset or the snares of the new acoustic drug].

PMID- 3852786
TI  - [Who helps the adolescents?].

PMID- 3852787
TI  - [The prevention of anorexia].

PMID- 3852788
TI  - [Nursing diagnosis: an educational application].

PMID- 3852789
TI  - [With radiation: reducing the risks].

PMID- 3852790
TI  - [Thoracic drainage using Pleurevac].

PMID- 3852791
TI  - [Fighting at the risk of losing].

PMID- 3852792
TI  - [Nursing care plan: mastectomy].

PMID- 3852793
TI  - [How to react to the death of a child?].

PMID- 3852794
TI  - [Attitudes and behaviors towards global orientation to health].

PMID- 3852795
TI  - [Disaffiliation of the OIIQ (Order of Nurses of Quebec)].

PMID- 3852796
TI  - Epidemiology and clinical significance of blood cultures positive for coagulase
      negative staphylococcus.
AB  - Coagulase-negative staphylococci are frequently isolated from blood cultures. As
      these organisms may occasionally cause serious disease, differentiating
      bacteremia from contamination is very important but often difficult. Over a 26
      month period, of 29,542 blood cultures processed at the University of Michigan
      Medical Center, 2,875 (9.7%) were positive, and of those, 694 (from 527 patients)
      grew coagulase-negative staphylococci. Isolates from the 439 patients with only
      one blood culture positive for coagulase-negative staphylococci and those from
      the 18 patients with two positive cultures 10 days or more apart were deemed
      contaminants. Review of the records of the remaining 70 patients with multiple
      isolates indicated that 33 had had an episode of true bacteremia, 29 (87.9%) of
      which were associated with intravascular catheters or prosthetic valves. Overall,
      85% of all coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated during the study period were
      judged to be contaminants. Seventy-one percent of the blood cultures drawn during
      the episodes of bacteremia were positive for coagulase-negative staphylococci as
      opposed to only 34% in the patients with contaminated cultures (p less than
      0.01). Moreover, coagulase-negative staphylococci grew in both aerobic and
      anaerobic bottles in 85% of blood culture sets drawn during episodes of
      bacteremia, but in only 30% of the cultures thought to be contaminated (p less
      than 0.001). Growth of coagulase-negative staphylococci in less than 48 hours was
      also significantly associated with bacteremia (p less than 0.01). Antibiotic
      sensitivity patterns were not useful in differentiating bacteremia from
      contamination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3852797
TI  - A prospective study of postoperative fever in a general surgery department.
AB  - During a 4-month period, 693 patients undergoing surgical procedures were
      prospectively studied to investigate the etiology of postoperative fever (greater
      than or equal to 38 degrees C during 48 hours or more). The overall rate of fever
      was similar for the three categories of surgical procedures studied (14%, 13.4%
      and 13.1% respectively after clean, clean contaminated and contaminated surgical
      procedures). No cause of fever was found in 5%, 2.7% and 1.7% of patients who
      underwent clean, clean contaminated and contaminated surgical procedures. Several
      episodes of fever were observed for 12 patients after clean surgery; for 11 of
      them this was due to infection. The mean interval between febrile episodes was
      4.7 days. After clean wound surgery, fever documented as infectious began
      significantly later (2.7 vs 1.6 days) and lasted significantly longer (5.4 vs 3.5
      days) than fever for which no source was determined. Only half of the infections
      were associated with fever.

PMID- 3852798
TI  - Needlecaps to prevent needlestick injuries.
AB  - Hospital employees are at risk for numerous possible complications of accidental
      needlesticks. The mechanisms of such accidents suggest that many are preventable.
      This article presents a simple but novel revision of the needlecap which
      facilitates resheathing of a used needle. With routine use the hospital
      environment could be made safer for virtually all employees at almost no
      additional cost. Ultimate hospital savings could be significant through
      prevention of injury.

PMID- 3852799
TI  - The tools of management: keeping high touch in a high tech world.
AB  - Three of Naisbitt's Megatrends: information processing, high tech/high touch and
      participatory management--welded into tools of management--have particular
      relevance for nurses throughout the world. Their use is explored in this paper
      delivered at a Special Interest Session in Tel Aviv at the ICN Congress.

PMID- 3852800
TI  - The homeless mentally ill.
AB  - All countries in the West experience the phenomenon of what has been called 'the
      homeless mentally ill'. There seems to be no simple solution but a challenge is
      presented to all nurses who can play a significant role. This is an abridged
      version of a paper delivered in Tel Aviv by two American nurses.

PMID- 3852801
TI  - Primary what?
AB  - What is meant by 'primary care' Is it peculiar to nursing? Is it concerned with
      Primary Health Care? The authors delivered this paper at one of the Special
      Interest sessions in Tel Aviv at the Quadrennial Congress and stimulated the
      audience to much thought. Are we sure we are always talking about the same thing?

PMID- 3852802
TI  - Psychosocial nursing intervention: a vehicle for the prevention of illness among
      international students.
AB  - Students who undertake a course of study abroad are, on the whole, a physically
      and psychologically healthy population. This study was designed to investigate
      the effectiveness of nursing intervention in preventing illness among
      international students experiencing situation-induced stress precipitated by
      their geographical and cultural relocation.

PMID- 3852803
TI  - Violation of human rights and the nursing profession.
AB  - In Denmark, at Copenhagen's University Hospital there is an International
      Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims where work began early in
      the 1980's. Since May, 1984 treatment has taken place and two nurses, working
      with Centre, described the situation at the ICN Congress in Tel Aviv.

PMID- 3852804
TI  - Hospitals without walls. The New Brunswick Extra-Mural Hospital.
AB  - This article describes a Canadian experiment of an attempt to meet the health
      care needs of the people of New Brunswick, a province on the Eastern seabord of
      Canada, where half of the population live in rural areas.

PMID- 3852806
TI  - Courage needed to uphold truths.

PMID- 3852805
TI  - Strategies for joint appointments.
AB  - The structure and policies governing joint appointments discussed above, are
      developed primarily through cooperation and collaboration between nursing service
      and education institutions. The joint appointee participates in the process of
      negotiation of salary, benefits and role responsibilities and exploration of the
      implications of the appointment for personal career development. Implementation
      and maintenance of the appointment requires the collaborative efforts of the
      joint appointee with both contracting agencies. Factors influencing the
      functioning of joint appointees have been identified and strategies to facilitate
      functioning presented. The joint appointee must be independent in thought and
      action yet adaptable to work within the boundaries of two social systems with
      differing values and expectations. Nursing management, peers and students can
      provide the support needed to overcome the frustrations and to achieve the
      rewards inherent in successful implementation of an exciting and innovative role.

PMID- 3852808
TI  - Symposium on congenital heart disease in infants and children. An overview.

PMID- 3852807
TI  - C3, BF and C4 polymorphisms in familial Mediterranean fever.
AB  - BF, C3 and C4 phenotyping were investigated in 34 patients with familial
      Mediterranean fever (FMF) and in 48 control subjects. Both groups included
      Sephardic Jews born in Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. No linkage between BF, C3
      and C4 polymorphisms and FMF was found.

PMID- 3852811
TI  - Home care of infants and children with cardiac disease.

PMID- 3852810
TI  - Nursing assessment and care of children with complications of congenital heart
      disease.

PMID- 3852809
TI  - Postoperative care of infants and children who require cardiac surgery.

PMID- 3852812
TI  - A comparison of intra-arterial and auscultatory blood pressure readings.

PMID- 3852813
TI  - Direct versus indirect blood pressure measurements in critically ill patients.

PMID- 3852814
TI  - Cardiac output determination by the thermodilution method: comparison of ice
      temperature injectate versus room-temperature injectate contained in prefilled
      syringes or a closed injectate delivery system.

PMID- 3852815
TI  - Cardiovascular consequences of bed rest.

PMID- 3852816
TI  - The role of nursing in limiting myocardial infarct size.

PMID- 3852817
TI  - A closer look at inferior wall myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3852818
TI  - Imaging techniques in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3852819
TI  - Hemofiltration: a new technique in critical care nursing.

PMID- 3852820
TI  - Completing the hemodynamic picture: SvO2.

PMID- 3852821
TI  - A nurse-supervised exercise stress testing laboratory.

PMID- 3852822
TI  - Coronary and esophageal diseases: symptom overlap.

PMID- 3852823
TI  - The treatment of atrial fibrillation and flutter.

PMID- 3852824
TI  - [To give birth in Orebro. A study of the psychological care in obstetric and
      postpartum care departments in Karlskoga, Lindesberg and Orebro].

PMID- 3852825
TI  - [Swedish Statute Book].

PMID- 3852826
TI  - [The natural incubator. Report on "kangaroo methods' in Colombia, South America].

PMID- 3852827
TI  - [Chlamydia: a prevalence study in contraception applicants].

PMID- 3852828
TI  - [Work possibilities in developing countries].

PMID- 3852829
TI  - [New ideas in maternal health care].

PMID- 3852830
TI  - [It is generally known that a lot more women breastfeed today than 15-20 years
      ago].

PMID- 3852831
TI  - [Large staff of volunteers in California milk bank].

PMID- 3852832
TI  - [A midwife's recollections].

PMID- 3852833
TI  - [Autistic children are different children].

PMID- 3852834
TI  - Species dependent variability in the susceptibility of coagulase-negative
      staphylococci to various antimicrobial agents.
AB  - The in-vitro activity of 20 beta-lactam antibiotics and vancomycin was determined
      against three different species of coagulase-negative-staphylococci. All isolates
      were susceptible to vancomycin (MIC90 3.12-6.25 mg/l) although occasional
      tolerance was seen. Most isolates (85%) of Staphylococcus hominis were
      susceptible to methicillin and other beta-lactams including cephalothin,
      cefapirin, cefamandole, imipenem and BMY28142, while 90% of Staph. haemolyticus
      isolates were resistant to these agents. Staph. epidermidis was intermediate in
      susceptibility with 50% of isolates being methicillin resistant (MR). These MR
      isolates exhibited cross-resistance or tolerance to the other beta-lactam agents
      except cefamandole.

PMID- 3852835
TI  - Testing of methicillin resistant staphylococci for susceptibility to coumermycin.

PMID- 3852836
TI  - Changes in lung volume and deflation stability in hyaline membrane disease.
AB  - Total lung capacity (TLC), inspiratory capacity, functional residual capacity,
      and deflation stability of prematurely delivered Macaca nemestrina primates were
      measured serially during development of, and recovery from, hyaline membrane
      disease (HMD) to relate changes in lung volumes to changes in deflation
      stability. Gestational age-matched primates that did not develop HMD served as
      controls. TLC, measured by N2 washout, fell at 2-12 h of age (P less than 0.0001)
      in animals with HMD and remained lower than controls for at least 48 h (P less
      than 0.005). However, deflation stability, defined as the fraction of TLC
      remaining upon deflation to 10 cm H2O, improved from 2 to 12 h of age (P less
      than 0.001). Postmortem studies confirm the measurements of TLC and deflation
      stability and provide evidence that interstitial thickening and obstruction of
      air spaces with debris may be partially responsible for the observed changes in
      TLC in primates that develop HMD. It has been assumed that TLC is reduced in HMD
      because of atelectasis from elevated alveolar surface tension, but the sequential
      measurements in these animals suggest that other mechanisms also contribute.

PMID- 3852837
TI  - The notoriety of disease.

PMID- 3852838
TI  - Getting to the bottom of the malpractice crisis.

PMID- 3852839
TI  - Self-concept and rehabilitation of the person with an ostomy.

PMID- 3852841
TI  - Psychologic factors and inflammatory bowel disease: a review of the literature.

PMID- 3852840
TI  - Insomnia management.

PMID- 3852842
TI  - Stoma lacerations.

PMID- 3852843
TI  - The patient who falls--and falls again: defining the aged at risk.

PMID- 3852844
TI  - Does aging magnify the danger of burn injury? (Part 1).

PMID- 3852845
TI  - Living together: grandparents and children tell their problems.

PMID- 3852846
TI  - Overcoming stroke-related depression.

PMID- 3852847
TI  - Skin care for older adults.

PMID- 3852848
TI  - The eyes are the windows.

PMID- 3852849
TI  - Stop a killer with early detection.

PMID- 3852850
TI  - Reading a research report.

PMID- 3852851
TI  - Pseudomonas infection and the ventilated patient.

PMID- 3852852
TI  - Flecainide: a possible advance in antiarrhythmic therapy.

PMID- 3852853
TI  - Electrocardiographic monitoring. I--Static monitoring.

PMID- 3852854
TI  - Nurses' perceptions of patients' needs for information and their concerns in an
      English coronary care unit.

PMID- 3852855
TI  - Nursing aspects of pain control in intensive care units.

PMID- 3852856
TI  - Bishop Harvey's address to the Annual General Meeting.

PMID- 3852857
TI  - The prevention and treatment of spouse abuse: a community health perspective.

PMID- 3852858
TI  - Dealing with spiritual concerns of clients in the community.

PMID- 3852859
TI  - Contracting: a method of health promotion.

PMID- 3852860
TI  - Funding wellness through community advocacy.

PMID- 3852861
TI  - Stress, life events, and the epidemiology of wellness.

PMID- 3852862
TI  - Staff nurses doing discharge planning--but they need help.

PMID- 3852863
TI  - Credentialing, privileging, and nursing bylaws. Assuring accountability.
AB  - One of the major activities of a professional group is credentialing and
      privileging their membership to practice their profession. This article reviews
      one approach to the development of a hospital nursing credentialing and
      privileging mechanism: the shared governance. The process discussed focuses on
      staff responsibility for the appropriate credentialing of their nursing peers.

PMID- 3852864
TI  - Bylaws. One hospital's experience.
AB  - Dr. Porter-O'Grady, in the preceding article, discussed some implications of and
      a model for bylaws. The author of this article relates her institution's
      experience in developing nursing staff bylaws. She shares the process as well as
      the advantages and disadvantages of implementing a system for professional
      accountability and autonomy.

PMID- 3852865
TI  - Identifying competencies of clinical nurse specialists.
AB  - The performance of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) is evaluated most often by
      quantitative checklists, peer review, self-evaluation, administrative review, or
      nursing audits. Observations of actual clinical and managerial competencies
      demonstrated by expert clinical nurse specialists seldom are used. An
      ethnographic study of the CNS role identified common competencies and skills that
      can be used by nurse administrators to justify the cost of the advanced practice
      role and its contributions to organizational goals, and to serve as criteria for
      job descriptions, performance evaluations, and predictors of employment success.

PMID- 3852866
TI  - Starting a reprint filing system.
AB  - A reprint collection represents an investment of time, money, and resources. As
      with any data base you gather, however, the problem is storing the information
      for retrieval. This article describes how to design and implement a filing system
      to make retrieval of reprints both quick and easy. Although reprints are the data
      base described in this article, the applicability of this filing system to other
      information can be seen readily.

PMID- 3852868
TI  - Interrater reliability.

PMID- 3852867
TI  - The GRASP system.

PMID- 3852869
TI  - A physician-hired nurse responds.

PMID- 3852870
TI  - Hospitals: leaders in child care support.

PMID- 3852871
TI  - Early pregnancy loss in the infertile couple.
AB  - The infertile couple invests tremendous amounts of time, money, and physical and
      emotional energy in attempting to conceive. When these couples experience early
      pregnancy loss, their grief can be profound. The emotional aspects of such
      pregnancy losses and specific nursing interventions are presented.

PMID- 3852872
TI  - Assessment of psychological dysfunction associated with infertility.
AB  - An Infertility Questionnaire (IFQ) was developed to measure the specific effects
      of infertility on three major areas: self-esteem, blame/guilt, and sexuality. The
      Infertility Questionnaire, possibly in combination with a standard instrument to
      measure psychological distress, appears to offer a simple method of assessing the
      emotional impairment that accompanies infertility.

PMID- 3852873
TI  - The effect of group counseling on the frequency of grief reported by infertile
      couples.
AB  - Twenty-nine individuals undergoing infertility evaluation or treatment attended a
      six-session, group infertility program. At the first and last session, the
      individuals were asked to complete a questionnaire about grief, self-concept,
      marriage satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction. The pretest and posttest scores
      were used to determine if an infertility group counseling program could be
      effective in reducing the frequency of grief responses. The study confirmed that
      infertility counseling was effective in reducing the self-reported symptoms of
      grief experienced by some infertile couples.

PMID- 3852874
TI  - A captive audience.

PMID- 3852876
TI  - Holiday fun. Nutritional cornucopia.

PMID- 3852875
TI  - An antidote for renal insufficiency--a memory.

PMID- 3852877
TI  - The other cystitis: interstitial cystitis.

PMID- 3852878
TI  - Deciphering the EKG's code.

PMID- 3852879
TI  - Pain in children with cancer: the intervention and evaluation.

PMID- 3852880
TI  - Conflicts in practice. The argument for--the argument against.

PMID- 3852881
TI  - Development of a support group for volunteers in a pediatric oncology setting.

PMID- 3852882
TI  - School and the child with cancer: a program to assist school personnel.

PMID- 3852883
TI  - Infection control: nosocomial infections.

PMID- 3852884
TI  - Antimicrobial management of pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 3852886
TI  - Facts about Kaposi's sarcoma.

PMID- 3852885
TI  - AIDS.

PMID- 3852887
TI  - How will the law respond to AIDS?. Interview by Ann Affriol.

PMID- 3852888
TI  - The silent epidemic.

PMID- 3852889
TI  - Hypothermia.

PMID- 3852890
TI  - An update on immunizations.

PMID- 3852891
TI  - Prolixin group. Can nursing intervention groups lower recidivism?

PMID- 3852892
TI  - Therapeutic support during inpatient group therapy.

PMID- 3852893
TI  - Caribbean folk beliefs and Western psychiatry.

PMID- 3852894
TI  - Art therapy for sexually abused children.

PMID- 3852895
TI  - Stress & the psychiatric nurse.

PMID- 3852896
TI  - [The duration of antibacterial treatment following transurethral prostatectomy].
AB  - Forty-three cases were studied to determine the most optimal timing to
      discontinue an oral antibacterial agent for preventing urinary tract infection
      after transurethral prostatectomy. On the 5th postoperative day intravenous
      antibiotic treatment was replaced by oral medication of 1.5 g talampicillin
      hydrochloride (TAPC, Yamacillin), which was tapered and discontinued depending on
      the urinary findings. Nine out of 15 cases who discontinued the medication within
      2 weeks failed to keep the urine sterile. It may be advisable to continue the
      medication at least 3 weeks and to discontinue thereafter when pyuria has
      vanished. All 24 cases who followed this principle became sterile within 8 weeks.
      Medication continued over 8 weeks seemed to have no additional benefit. Four
      cases dropped out from this treatment mainly because of gastrointestinal
      symptoms.

PMID- 3852897
TI  - Bacteriological efficacy of nafcillin and vancomycin alone or combined with
      rifampicin or amikacin in experimental meningitis due to methicillin-susceptible
      or -resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and bacteriological efficacy of nafcillin (NFPC), vancomycin
      (VCM), amikacin (AMK) and rifampicin (RFP) alone and in VCM combinations were
      evaluated in the experimental rabbit meningitis caused by methicillin-susceptible
      Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
      (MRSA). The mean concentrations of NFPC, VCM, AMK and RFP in cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) with MSSA meningitis exceeded the minimal bactericidal concentrations of
      MSSA during 8 hours therapy period. The mean CSF penetration rates of the 4 drugs
      during therapy were from 1% to 26% which are comparable to those observed in
      humans with meningitis. The median CSF bactericidal titers of RFP, VCM plus RFP,
      AMK, VCM plus AMK regimens were larger than 1:8 during therapy of MSSA meningitis
      study. In experimental MRSA meningitis, RFP and VCM plus RFP achieved titers
      greater than 1: 16 during therapy and at 24 hours. No statistically significant
      reduction in the CSF bacterial colony count was obtained with any of the
      antibiotic regimens in MSSA meningitis. By contrast, in 8 hours MRSA meningitis
      model, significant reductions in the number of MRSA were observed in animals
      treated for 8 hours with VCM plus RFP (P less than 0.01), RFP (P less than 0.05),
      and NFPC plus RFP (P less than 0.01).

PMID- 3852898
TI  - [Study on the drug sensitivity of multiple drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus].
AB  - Of clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus showing resistance to multiple drugs
      among penicillins (PCs), cephem antibiotics (CEPs), aminoglycosides (AGs),
      minocycline (MINO) and fosfomycin (FOM), 64 strains were selected for the
      determination of MIC. Twenty-one drugs were used for the determination of MIC,
      with ampicillin (ABPC), cloxacillin (MCIPC), cephalothin (CET), cefazolin (CEZ),
      cefotiam (CTM), cefuroxime (CXM), cefamandole (CMD), cefotaxime (CTX),
      ceftizoxime (CZX), cefmenoxime (CMX), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefoxitin (CFX),
      latamoxef (LMOX), cefotetan (CTT), cefoperazone (CPZ), gentamicin (GM), dibekacin
      (DKB), tobramycin (TOB), amikacin (AMK), MINO, and FOM. MIC80 of each drug at
      10(6) CFU/ml were: ABPC, MCIPC, CEZ, CTM, CXM, CTX, CZX, CMX, CFX, LMOX, CTT,
      CPZ, GM, DKB and TOB greater than 100 micrograms/ml; CET 50 micrograms/ml; CMD
      and AMK 25 micrograms/ml; CMZ 12.5 micrograms/ml; FOM 6.25 micrograms/ml; and
      MINO 0.78 micrograms/ml. The ratio of highly resistant strains with MIC greater
      than 100 micrograms/ml at 10(6) CFU/ml varied according to drug, and a difference
      tended to be seen in the degree of influence by resistant factors reflected upon
      MIC, e.g. drugs for which a high resistance of more than 50% was confirmed were
      ABPC, CXM, CZX, LMOX and TOB, and 20 approximately 30% MCIPC, CTM, CTX, CMX and
      CFX. MIC on MCIPC which has a correlation of structural activity with methicillin
      correlated with cephems (CEPs) resistance to a high degree, but many of the so
      called new CEPs showed resistance even to the strains with a low MIC on MCIPC. It
      was assumed that CEPs resistant strains have multiple drug resistant factors
      based on the fact that such strains showed multiple drug resistance.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3852899
TI  - [Comparative clinical study of aspoxicillin and sulbenicillin in postoperative
      wound infections].
AB  - A well-controlled comparative study was performed to evaluate efficacy, safety
      and utility of aspoxicillin (ASPC) as compared with sulbenicillin (SBPC) in the
      treatment of postoperative wound infections. Either 2 g of ASPC or 2 g of SBPC
      was administered to patients by intravenous drip infusion twice a day for 7 days.
      The following results were obtained: Overall clinical effectiveness rates were
      82.5% (66/80) in ASPC group and 77.0% (57/74) in SBPC group, with no
      statistically significant difference between 2 groups. Final overall clinical
      improvement rates were 83.8% (67/80) in ASPC group and 81.1% (60/74) in SBPC
      group, with no statistically significant difference between 2 groups. As to
      bacteriological effectiveness, eradication rates of clinical isolates were 70.4%
      (38/54) in ASPC group and 74.4% (32/43) in SBPC group. There was no statistically
      significant difference in 2 groups. Side effects and abnormal laboratory findings
      were observed in 6 cases (6.7%) and 11 cases (12.4%) in ASPC group (89 cases)
      respectively, and 4 cases (4.4%) and 7 cases (7.8%) in SBPC group (90 cases)
      respectively. Especially severe adverse reactions were not observed, and there
      was no significant difference in the incidences of side effects and abnormal
      laboratory findings between 2 groups. As to overall clinical utility, utility
      rates were 77.5% (62/80) in ASPC group and 70.3% (52/74) in SBPC group. There was
      no statistically significant difference between 2 groups. These results may be
      indicated that ASPC is as useful as SBPC in the treatment of postoperative wound
      infections.

PMID- 3852901
TI  - [Primary nursing. 11. Resistance anticipated in the introduction of primary
      nursing].

PMID- 3852900
TI  - [Chronic effect of norepinephrine, vasopressin and angiotensin II on urinary
      prostaglandin E and kallikrein excretion in conscious rats].

PMID- 3852902
TI  - [Re-evaluation of daily care. 47. Terminal care. 2. Creation of a comfortable
      environment for a peaceful end].

PMID- 3852904
TI  - [Non-verbal communication: communication with patients who are incapable of
      speech. Unlimited possibilities in communication: use of the eye in place of the
      ear].

PMID- 3852903
TI  - [Non-verbal communication: communication with patients who are incapable of
      speech. Understanding and responding to signs by the patient].

PMID- 3852905
TI  - [Non-verbal communication: communication with patients who are incapable of
      speech. Interpretation of subtle expressions by patients: through interactions
      with refractory neurologic diseases].

PMID- 3852906
TI  - [Nonverbal communication: communication with patients who are incapable of
      speech. Nonverbal communication with emphasis on lip reading: emergency cases
      with intratracheal intubation].

PMID- 3852907
TI  - [Non-verbal communication: communication with patients who are incapable of
      speech. Communication with a patient with motor aphasia].

PMID- 3852908
TI  - [Non-verbal communication: communication with patients who are incapable of
      speech. Interpretation of silence by a schizophrenic patient].

PMID- 3852909
TI  - [Non-verbal communication: communication with patients who are incapable of
      speech. Communication tailored to the patients' needs: a study on stroke
      patients].

PMID- 3852910
TI  - [Nursing education of family members of stroke patients: a survey on their
      nursing knowledge before and after the training].

PMID- 3852912
TI  - [A monologue by a nursing director: Ms. Kazuko Nishiyama of Nishikagawa Hospital,
      National Sanatoria].

PMID- 3852911
TI  - [Home nursing of patients at the terminal stage of cancer: a lesson in case
      studies and future problems].

PMID- 3852913
TI  - [Report from hospices. 11. Care of dying patients. Terminal care and humor].

PMID- 3852914
TI  - [Clinical aspects of pain. 19. Nerve block in internal medicine: interruption of
      the pain conduction route].

PMID- 3852915
TI  - [Clinical description of dementia. 7. Symptoms of dementia (6)].

PMID- 3852916
TI  - [Counseling of patients. 10. Acceptance of the patient as he is, the basic
      attitude necessary in counseling. 1].

PMID- 3852917
TI  - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Michiko Kobayashi, an organizer of a self-study seminar
      within her hospital].

PMID- 3852918
TI  - [Diary of a cancer patient. A positive attitude in spite of a loss of the voice.
      11. The support of the family, friends, and the nursing personnel].

PMID- 3852919
TI  - [Public health nursing in Indonesia. 11. Relationship with religion].

PMID- 3852920
TI  - [Acute exacerbation of chronic disease: its significance].

PMID- 3852921
TI  - [Acute exacerbation of hypertension--hypertensive crises].

PMID- 3852922
TI  - [Transient cerebral ischemic attacks and related diseases].

PMID- 3852923
TI  - [Acute exacerbation of ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3852924
TI  - [Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive lung diseases].

PMID- 3852925
TI  - [Acute exacerbation of gastro-duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 3852926
TI  - [Acute exacerbation of chronic liver diseases].

PMID- 3852927
TI  - [Acute exacerbation of diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3852928
TI  - [Acute exacerbation of chronic renal diseases].

PMID- 3852929
TI  - [Prevention of acute exacerbation of chronic diseases and nursing--actions
      through patient education].

PMID- 3852930
TI  - [Response to the patient during acute exacerbation of a chronic disease].

PMID- 3852931
TI  - [Nursing of an ischemic cerebrovascular disorder patient during the acute stage-
      on acute stage nursing through 4 clinical cases of cerebral infarctions].

PMID- 3852932
TI  - [Nursing of an ischemic heart disease patient during acute exacerbation].

PMID- 3852933
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with chronic respiratory insufficiency during acute
      exacerbation--a case of bronchial asthma with poor understanding of the illness
      and repeated hospitalization].

PMID- 3852934
TI  - [Nursing of diabetic patients with acute exacerbation--on the cause of
      exacerbation and support of self control].

PMID- 3852935
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with gastroduodenal ulcer during acute exacerbation--2
      cases with postoperative complications requiring emergency surgery].

PMID- 3852936
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with chronic kidney disease during acute exacerbation-
      nursing of a patient with nephrotic syndrome during acute exacerbation].

PMID- 3852937
TI  - [Preparation of monoclonal antibodies and NCC-ST-439].

PMID- 3852938
TI  - [New therapy of cervical cancer--direct infusion of antineoplastic agents into
      the uterine artery].

PMID- 3852939
TI  - [Management of abdominal injuries].

PMID- 3852941
TI  - [Compliance--one phase of the physician-patient relationship].

PMID- 3852940
TI  - [Management of the uretero-cutaneous fistula not requiring an ileal conduit or a
      catheter].

PMID- 3852942
TI  - [Significance of rehabilitation in cancer patients].

PMID- 3852943
TI  - [Organization and function of the rehabilitation team for postoperative cancer
      patients].

PMID- 3852944
TI  - [Encouragement of cancer patients toward rehabilitation and nursing actions to
      maintain their positive attitude].

PMID- 3852945
TI  - [Postoperative care and rehabilitation of patients with malignant brain tumors].

PMID- 3852946
TI  - [Postoperative care and rehabilitation of patients with pharyngeal cancer--from
      preoperative orientation to the instructions given at discharge].

PMID- 3852947
TI  - [Postoperative care and rehabilitation of patients with maxillary cancer].

PMID- 3852948
TI  - [Postoperative care and rehabilitation of patients with tongue cancer].

PMID- 3852949
TI  - [Postoperative care and rehabilitation of patients with lung cancer].

PMID- 3852950
TI  - [Postoperative care and rehabilitation of patients with esophageal cancer].

PMID- 3852951
TI  - [Postoperative care and rehabilitation of patients with stomach cancer].

PMID- 3852952
TI  - [Postoperative care and rehabilitation of patients with liver cancer].

PMID- 3852953
TI  - [Postoperative care and rehabilitation of patients with pancreatic cancer].

PMID- 3852954
TI  - [Postoperative care and rehabilitation of patients with cancer of the large
      intestine].

PMID- 3852955
TI  - [Postoperative care and rehabilitation of patients with prostatic cancer].

PMID- 3852957
TI  - [Postoperative care and rehabilitation of patients with breast cancer].

PMID- 3852956
TI  - [Postoperative care and rehabilitation of patients with bladder cancer].

PMID- 3852958
TI  - [Postoperative care and rehabilitation of patients with malignant bone tumors].

PMID- 3852959
TI  - [Assistance of postoperative cancer patients to combat social disadvantages-
      through the experience with urostomy patients].

PMID- 3852960
TI  - [Requirements in home care of cancer patients--creation of an ideal environment
      for the final moment of the individual patient].

PMID- 3852961
TI  - [Involvement of health personnel in organized patients' activities--follow-up of
      patients after total laryngectomy].

PMID- 3852962
TI  - [Suggestion for home nursing. A winning essay selected at the 18th nursing essay
      contest].

PMID- 3852964
TI  - [Science and individuals: universals and individuals in science].

PMID- 3852965
TI  - [Science and individuals: science and individuals in nursing].

PMID- 3852963
TI  - [Periphery of perinatology--from the rearing of infants under the age of one year
      to medical education. A discussion].

PMID- 3852966
TI  - [Science and individuals: the goals of nursing research and ethical concerns].

PMID- 3852967
TI  - [Research on the practice of team play in a children's ward].

PMID- 3852968
TI  - [Research on the practice of team play in a children's ward. Discussion].

PMID- 3852969
TI  - [Ethics in nursing practice and education].

PMID- 3852971
TI  - [An analysis of nursing records as a means of transmission of information].

PMID- 3852970
TI  - [In a corner of the laboratory. (3). A blind spot in grasp of the realities of
      logical argument].

PMID- 3852972
TI  - [Re-evaluation of clinical training in nursing].

PMID- 3852973
TI  - [Reflection on the activities of the past 20 years as a nursing instructor and an
      expectation on future improvement].

PMID- 3852974
TI  - [Suggestion to nursing education. For true enrichment of education: science and
      technology in nursing education].

PMID- 3852976
TI  - [Expectation of future nursing education].

PMID- 3852975
TI  - [Suggestion to nursing education. Response to the arrival of a new "age of
      nursing"].

PMID- 3852977
TI  - [Nursing education at the Japanese Red Cross at its founding].

PMID- 3852978
TI  - ["A Theory for Nursing" by King--its theoretical structure and characteristics. A
      comment at completion of its translation].

PMID- 3852979
TI  - [Study on educational technology: training in internal medicine. 6. Training in
      palpation, auscultation, and percussion as diagnostic technics].

PMID- 3852980
TI  - [On nursing education. 40. Teaching of nursing technics in the future].

PMID- 3852982
TI  - [Effects of observation of clinical scenes and on-the-job training in general
      nursing: introduction to nursing and learning for understanding of nursing].

PMID- 3852981
TI  - [Structures and mechanisms of education and learning. 4. On education in social
      interactions].

PMID- 3852983
TI  - [Reflection on refresher course activities of the past 10 years. Discussion].

PMID- 3852984
TI  - [Nursing refresher courses in the past 10 years: with special reference to the
      contents of the studies].

PMID- 3852985
TI  - [Planning of training at a nursery and its learning effect as part of a course in
      pediatric nursing].

PMID- 3852986
TI  - [Concept of nursing associated with clinical tests].

PMID- 3852987
TI  - [On school education. 5].

PMID- 3852988
TI  - [Establishment of educational goals in nursing education].

PMID- 3852989
TI  - [Designing of health education: a thought from the viewpoint of health care].

PMID- 3852990
TI  - ["Tokyo Declaration"--at the meeting on "Toward Future Health and Medical
      Manpower: New Strategies in Education for the 21st Century" hosted by the WHO
      West Pacific Region Office].

PMID- 3852991
TI  - [Comprehensive approach to health: a report on the 1st congress of the Japanese
      Health Science Organization held in Tokyo on November 1st and 2nd].

PMID- 3852992
TI  - [Teaching of medical history-taking and observation of patients as a diagnostic
      teacher].

PMID- 3852993
TI  - [On nursing education. 39. Education methodology in teaching of nursing
      technics].

PMID- 3852994
TI  - [Structures and mechanisms of education and learning. 3. On home education].

PMID- 3852995
TI  - [Designing, improving, and developing public health activities based on true
      desires of citizens and public health nurses. A panel discussion].

PMID- 3852996
TI  - [Regional health examination of 1.5-year-old infants in Higashi-Yamato-shi: an
      evaluation based on children who have been examined at the age of 1.5 years and
      reported again at age 3].

PMID- 3852997
TI  - [The role and function of the public health nurse in social rehabilitation of
      alcoholic patients (1). The current status of public health activities and their
      expected role].

PMID- 3852998
TI  - [From re-evaluation to observation of public health nursing activities. A "core"
      concept to incorporate cure and care: a summary of the series].

PMID- 3852999
TI  - [Public health nurses of the Santama area. 6. Affection and trust of the
      residents of Okutama-machi: a lesson in enthusiasm and creative actions of Ms
      Sueko Ono. Interview by K. Mogami].

PMID- 3853000
TI  - [Community-based public health nursing education at Shimane Prefecture training
      of public health nurses to support residents' lives].

PMID- 3853002
TI  - [Clinical training of public health nursing students at Shimane Prefecture:
      thoughts and experiences of public health nurses assigned to the area].

PMID- 3853001
TI  - [Theoretical background of community-based public health nursing: structuring of
      clinical training related to actual practice. Discussion].

PMID- 3853003
TI  - [Community-based public health nursing education at Shimane Prefecture. 2 notable
      items to be remembered: a former student's comment].

PMID- 3853004
TI  - [Community-based public health nursing education at Shimane Prefecture.
      Importance of the scientific view on health: a former student's comment].

PMID- 3853005
TI  - [Community-based public health nursing education at Shimane Prefecture. Practice
      based on the learning experiences in training: a former student's comment].

PMID- 3853006
TI  - [Community-based public health nursing education at Shimane Prefecture.
      Psychological stimuli mutually supplied among public health nurses to achieve
      common goals: a former student's comment].

PMID- 3853007
TI  - [Community-based public health nursing education at Shimane Prefecture. Priority
      area activities as a traction force in public health nursing: a former student's
      comment].

PMID- 3853008
TI  - [Priority area activities in public health nursing: a discussion].

PMID- 3853009
TI  - [Comprehensive theory of public health based on an independent concept:
      unification of learning, practice and research].

PMID- 3853010
TI  - [Re-evaluation and close observation of individualized care: a process of
      understanding the fundamentals. A discussion on the achievements of the Tama
      Public Health Study Group in the past 3 years].

PMID- 3853011
TI  - [Evaluation of nursing actions directed toward alcoholic patients with special
      care given to the patients' emotions--nursing actions to encourage psychological
      independence].

PMID- 3853012
TI  - [Study of the subjectivity of the care provider--through the re-evaluation of
      individualized care].

PMID- 3853013
TI  - [Designing and utilization of a chart in individualized care].

PMID- 3853014
TI  - [Plan for the use of "two-in-one total information" in information exchange in
      public health care: restoration of total communication unhampered by the roles].

PMID- 3853015
TI  - [A survey on the status of aged, bedridden patients--a study on bedridden
      patients under the jurisdiction of the Central Public Health Clinic, Nagasaki
      City].

PMID- 3853016
TI  - [Response of the fetus to birth].

PMID- 3853017
TI  - [Reorganization of tertiary schooling--the professional training of midwives].

PMID- 3853018
TI  - [Greetings from the Perinatology Congress].

PMID- 3853019
TI  - [Scandinavian Federation of Midwives].

PMID- 3853020
TI  - [The Finns continue their work in Uganda].

PMID- 3853021
TI  - [Can the mental condition of the patient affect the safety of anesthesia? Music
      and suggestion diminish anxiety and tension].

PMID- 3853022
TI  - [Legal knowledge for nurses (4). Illness and work in conflict].

PMID- 3853023
TI  - [Shortened working time. Reduction implies personnel increase].

PMID- 3853025
TI  - [Elisabeth Kubler-Ross in Lausanne. Learning life thanks to the dying. Interview
      by Brigitte Kocher].

PMID- 3853024
TI  - [The skin, touch, care. Do we know how to do good with our hands?].

PMID- 3853026
TI  - [The public health nurse: a social role of prime importance].

PMID- 3853027
TI  - [Fallot's tetralogy].

PMID- 3853028
TI  - [Which possibilities do ambulatory heart groups offer?].

PMID- 3853030
TI  - [Living with less salt--but how?].

PMID- 3853029
TI  - [How healthy are ski descents and cross-country skiing really?].

PMID- 3853031
TI  - [Heart and circulation].

PMID- 3853032
TI  - Modifying the eating behavior of young children.
AB  - A nutrition education curriculum was developed, based on a social learning model,
      that emphasized the importance of a low-salt, low-fat, and increased complex
      carbohydrate diet for cardiovascular health. The curriculum was pilot-tested in
      eight third and fourth grade classrooms. Students were exposed to cartoon
      character role models, were reinforced for dietary changes, and practiced
      relevant behavioral skills. Students in eight other third and fourth grade
      classrooms served as controls. At posttest, students participating in the
      nutrition education program reported a significant reduction in consumption of
      foods high in fat and salt and an increase in consumption of complex
      carbohydrates. These assessments were confirmed by food selection measures and by
      24-hour food recalls. Students in the control classrooms did not report these
      eating pattern changes.

PMID- 3853033
TI  - Health and wellness: a conceptual differentiation.
AB  - Confusion exists regarding the terms health and wellness. This article presents a
      conceptualization of health as consisting of social, mental, emotional,
      spiritual, and physical components; a conceptualization of wellness as the
      integration of these components; and a conceptualization of high-level wellness
      as the balance of these components. Implications of these conceptualizations for
      health education are presented. Iatrogenic health education disease is discussed
      and a distinction is made between health education and health indoctrination.

PMID- 3853034
TI  - Health needs of high school students in Detroit.
AB  - This project identified the health care needs and information concerns of high
      school students who were potential patients for a new adolescent health clinic in
      Detroit. Questionnaires assessed current health problems, information needs, and
      factors affecting use of health services by 613 predominantly black, urban, high
      school students at a regional high school (n = 187, X age = 16.8) and a
      neighborhood high school (n = 426, X age = 15). Reported health problems included
      eating the proper foods, school problems, acne, depression, and headaches.
      Expressed health information needs included skin problems, drugs, gender, and
      birth control. Differences among school, age, and gender were noted. Subjects
      preferred continuity of provider care and receiving health information by
      private, direct, patient-physician contact. The findings were used in staff
      training and in program planning for the adolescent health clinic for high-risk
      youth.

PMID- 3853035
TI  - Health problems of migrant children.
AB  - This investigation examined the incidence and types of health-related problems of
      migrant children as identified by school health medical personnel. Results
      indicated 615 of 1,000 (61.5%) children in the sample has health-related
      problems. The incidence rates were physical (22%), visual (10.8%), dental
      (10.4%), auditory (7.5%), immunization (5.5%), and nutritional problems (5.5%).
      Implications of the findings for school health personnel are discussed.

PMID- 3853036
TI  - A comparison of two HRAs for use in the university classroom.
AB  - Current interest in health and wellness combined with the proliferation of Health
      Risk Appraisals (HRAs) has made classroom use of such instruments increase
      rapidly in recent years. This study compared two HRAs in terms of appraised age,
      attainable age, the list of positive lifestyle factors for reinforcement, the
      list of lifestyle factors to be changed, and the variables of desirable weight
      and blood pressure as well as observed differences in display and unique comment
      characteristics. One hundred and thirty-three students at a large southeastern
      university comprised the sample. Though no significant differences were found in
      appraised age or attainable age, significant differences existed in the number of
      positive lifestyle changes listed, number of suggested lifestyle changes to be
      made by students, and several observable differences in display including
      graphics and tables. Implications for health educators are noted.

PMID- 3853037
TI  - Cross-cultural validation of a three component alcohol attitude scale.
AB  - Attitudes and their measurement constitute important aspects of the study of
      human behavior regarding the use and abuse of alcoholic beverages. A Three
      Component Alcohol Attitude Scale was developed to measure three attitude
      components separately and in total. This study validated the scale utilizing a
      cross-cultural approach. Hypotheses were formulated on the assumption that, if
      the scale was valid, all 54 items in each of the instrument's three components,
      as well as the total scale, would discriminate significantly between a sample of
      US university students and their Egyptian counterparts in terms of their
      attitudes toward alcohol use and abuse. The scale was translated into Arabic, the
      English and Arabic scales then were administered to a sample of 400 university
      students at two comparable major universities in the US and Egypt. The data were
      subjected to Pearson's correlation, t-test, stepwise discriminate analysis, split
      half, and Cronbach (alpha) reliability. Forty-nine of 54 items, each of the three
      components, and the total instrument discriminated significantly between US
      students and their Egyptian counterparts, confirming the previous validation of
      the scale.

PMID- 3853038
TI  - Sexuality education: a more realistic view of its effects.
AB  - Sexuality education has been proffered as a partial solution to a variety of
      adolescent sexual problems. Research demonstrates that programs increase
      knowledge, but have little direct impact on values and attitudes, actual sexual
      behavior, use of birth control, and teen-age pregnancy. This article compares the
      effects of sexuality education programs with the results of other educational
      programs and discusses why sex education programs may increase knowledge, but may
      not effectively change behavior. Finally, good reasons to offer sexuality
      education are discussed.

PMID- 3853039
TI  - Enriching professional preparation in school health through international study.
AB  - This article describes how to develop, market, implement, and evaluate an
      international health education travel study course. The experiences described
      reflect an international travel study tour of England and Scotland conducted by
      the authors with 25 undergraduate and graduate students. The trip enhanced both
      the appreciation and professional knowledge of the students of a variety of
      perspectives in the health area. International study provides unique
      opportunities for student development and contributes significantly to the
      quality of professional preparation of school health personnel. These experiences
      complement traditional professional preparation programs and can result in
      improved health instruction and health services in schools.

PMID- 3853040
TI  - Calcium intake: a lifelong proposition.
AB  - The need for significant amounts of calcium in the diets of growing children has
      been well-documented. However, recent evidence suggests that calcium continues to
      play a vital role in the body throughout life and that current RDAs for calcium
      need to be increased. This article reviews the current problem of low calcium
      intake in the United States among all age groups, the role of calcium in the
      formation and maintenance of bone mass, and major factors influencing calcium
      absorption. The specific problem of calcium deficiency and osteoporosis is
      discussed and current recommendations for RDAs are provided. The importance of
      the individual building as much bone mass as possible prior to the age of 30 is
      discussed.

PMID- 3853041
TI  - Community organization in a school health education program to reduce sodium
      consumption.
AB  - This paper describes the important role of community organization in providing
      the enabling and reinforcing factors necessary for students to adopt dietary
      behavior changes recommended in a school health education program for
      cardiovascular health. The "Hold the Salt!" program was designed to teach sixth
      grade students and their families about the link between high sodium diets early
      in life and increased risk for cardiovascular disease, and to significantly
      reduce pupils' intake of high-sodium snacks. The program consists of four
      educational components: a classroom cafeteria curriculum unit built around a
      board game; parent outreach; health provider reinforcement; and community
      support. The program was tested in an experimental group (n = 55) of urban,
      black, sixth grade students, whose knowledge and behavior changes were compared
      to a control group (n = 23) with similar demographic statistics. Data collected
      before and after the school program showed a 20% increase in knowledge about
      sodium and health (p less than .01) and a 33% decrease in reported high-sodium
      snack consumption (p less than .05) in the experimental group compared to no
      significant knowledge or reported behavior changes in the control group. The
      program was piloted for two years in Baltimore City elementary schools, then
      adopted by the Maryland State Dept. of Education for dissemination as part of the
      Home Economics curriculum in all of the state's middle schools.

PMID- 3853042
TI  - Parent and teacher perception of depression in children.
AB  - A descriptive study correlated depression in children with parental perceptions
      and with teacher report card ratings of school achievement and adjustment. Two
      hundred and twenty children, age six-to-12 years, and parents of approximately
      half the sample, were interviewed using the Children's Depression Rating Scale
      (CDRS). Symptoms of depression were discovered in 10% of the children. Sixty
      eight percent of parents were unaware of their child's depression. Parents were
      most aware of sleeping problems, physical complaints, and academic achievement
      and least aware of social withdrawal, tiredness, depressed feelings, and suicidal
      ideations. Most depressed students achieved at grade level in reading and math,
      but they received lower grades for effort than nondepressed students. Depression
      was associated significantly with inability to work and play, both alone and in a
      group.

PMID- 3853043
TI  - Personal assessment of stress factors for college students.
AB  - During a four-year period, an instrument to identify stress was developed from
      items suggested by students from a search of related literature, and from a jury
      of experts. The 100-item instrument, including four subcategories, was
      administered to more than 1,200 students at 23 colleges. Means were computed to
      the total test, subcategories, and individual items according to frequency and
      intensity. Responses of men and women were sufficiently different to warrant
      establishing separate means; women scored higher than men. The degree of stress
      reported by women decreased with each grade level, but peaked in the sophomore
      year for men and declined thereafter. Academic factors were cited most frequently
      as a source of stress, while Relationships and Home and Community factors ranked
      high in stress intensity. The instrument provides a valuable tool to assist
      students identify factors that could be targeted for stress management. The
      instrument also could be used as a tool for further stress management research.

PMID- 3853044
TI  - Hepatitis A in day care centers.
AB  - A dramatic increase in the number of preschool children in US day care facilities
      has presented new problems in infectious disease control, particularly with
      agents transmitted through the fecal-oral route. As the school health field
      broadens to encompass the day care setting, such issues are becoming increasingly
      important for school health practitioners. Hepatitis A has attributes favoring
      day care-related reservoirs and outbreaks. The anicteric course of infection in
      young children usually does not alert the school health practitioner to
      infectious hepatitis. This article reviews epidemiologic and clinical features of
      hepatitis A in day care centers. Control measures including immunoglobulin
      prophylaxis for contacts of infected individuals and rigid attention to hygienic
      standards are examined, and suggestions for designing day care systems in
      communities are discussed.

PMID- 3853045
TI  - Development of a short obesity knowledge scale using four different response
      formats.
AB  - This study examined the validity and reliability of a short obesity knowledge
      scale. A 12-item test was developed around the four aspects of obesity: etiology
      of obesity; diseases related to obesity; weight loss techniques; and general
      information on obesity. Four forms were developed: true/false,
      true/false/uncertain, multiple choice, and Likert response. Comparisons of the
      four test formats with 187 subjects revealed a variety of internal reliabilities,
      stability reliabilities, item discriminations, and readability scores.

PMID- 3853046
TI  - Message source credibility in drug education.
AB  - A questionnaire was administered to 1,734 university students and 381 high school
      students enrolled in drug education programs, surveying student opinions about
      the credibility of various proposed message sources. Five sets of proposed
      message sources were presented to each subject; each set consisted of one
      proposed source category that did not require a college education, one source
      that required a baccalaureate degree, and one that was a doctoral-level,
      university-trained professional with relevant experience. "Doctoral-level,
      university-trained professionals with relevant experience" was found to be the
      message source deemed most credible by both groups of students.

PMID- 3853048
TI  - Health care for the aged.

PMID- 3853047
TI  - What every nurse (person) should know about wills.

PMID- 3853049
TI  - Autonomy and paternalism: two goals in conflict.

PMID- 3853050
TI  - Process and context: hidden factors in health care decisions for the elderly.

PMID- 3853051
TI  - Family responsibility initiatives and justice between age groups.

PMID- 3853052
TI  - Enforcement of quality nursing home care in the legal system.

PMID- 3853053
TI  - School-age children's conceptions of the heart and its function: Part I: Review
      of literature.
AB  - A study was conducted to learn more about school-age children's conceptions of
      the heart and its function (kotchabhakdi, 1984). This report presents the review
      of literature pertinent to the study. The review includes three areas: congenital
      heart disease in children, cognitive development and cognitive function of school
      age children, and children's conceptions of body organs. Part II, namely,
      methodology and findings of the study will be reported in Monograph 15, the
      Winter 1985 issue of this Journal.

PMID- 3853054
TI  - Maternal psychological conflicts associated with the birth of a retarded child.

PMID- 3853055
TI  - A meta-analysis of informing mothers concerning the sensory and perceptual
      capabilities of their infants: the effects on maternal-infant interaction.

PMID- 3853056
TI  - Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: limitations and clinical uses.

PMID- 3853057
TI  - [Raynaud's disease].

PMID- 3853058
TI  - [Vascular parkinsonism].

PMID- 3853059
TI  - [Art therapy in the combined treatment of mental diseases].

PMID- 3853060
TI  - [Falconer-Weddell costoclavicular syndrome].

PMID- 3853061
TI  - [Elimination of deformities in the ankle joint and foot of infants in the 1st
      year of life].

PMID- 3853062
TI  - [Assessment of the work efficiency of nurses].

PMID- 3853063
TI  - [Role of early diagnosis in the rehabilitation of periodontitis patients].

PMID- 3853064
TI  - [Vacuum therapy in treating periodontitis patients].

PMID- 3853065
TI  - [Tapeto-retinal abiotrophy].

PMID- 3853066
TI  - [Training of sisters of mercy at the Odessa Medical First Aid Station during
      World War I].

PMID- 3853067
TI  - [Vulvovaginitis in girls].

PMID- 3853068
TI  - [Care of the hair].

PMID- 3853069
TI  - [Uterine myoma and pregnancy].

PMID- 3853070
TI  - [The diving reflex may save one].

PMID- 3853071
TI  - [Alcohol and progeny].

PMID- 3853072
TI  - [Effect of diet therapy on the body].

PMID- 3853073
TI  - [Acoustic neuritis (cochlear neuritis)].

PMID- 3853074
TI  - Heavy metal ion-nucleic acid interaction.
AB  - All the heavy atoms that have so far been found to provide good derivative
      crystals do so by forming direct coordination bonds to either the backbone or the
      bases of nucleic acids in an environment where the coordination shell can be
      further stabilized by several hydrogen bonds. A summary of coordination sites is
      shown in Fig. 5 and listed below: Lanthanide ions such as Sm(III), Lu(III),
      Pr(III), Eu(III), Tb(III), Dy(III), Gd(III) form coordination bonds to oxygen
      atoms of two adjacent phosphates or to phosphates from different parts of the
      chain. The N-7 position of guanine is the most common site for heavy atoms. N-7
      can become a ligand to many metal ions such as Os(VI) from OsO3 X (Py)2, Pt(II)
      from square-planar cis- or trans-dichlorodiammine complexes, Co(II), and Mn(II).
      The O-4 position of uracil can be a binding site for the Hg atom of
      hydroxymercuryhydroquinone-O-O-diacetate. The N-7 of adenine and the N-4 of
      cytosine in the base sequence A-C can be a binding site for an octahedral
      platinum(IV) from K2PtCl6.

PMID- 3853075
TI  - Schematic drawings of protein structures.

PMID- 3853076
TI  - Care of the small baby on the postnatal ward.

PMID- 3853077
TI  - 5 am--the small, terrible hours.

PMID- 3853078
TI  - A new hypothesis on the etiology of essential hypertension and pre eclampsia.
AB  - Initial reduction in renal blood flow may be one of the etiological factors
      involved in essential hypertension. The resultant hypertension, acting as a
      compensatory mechanism, brings about a readjustment of flow to mask the
      initiating factor. This reduction in renal blood flow may be brought about by
      mechanical compression of renal artery by one of the abdominal viscera, resulting
      in partial occlusion of the renal artery. Factors known to be associated with
      essential hypertension, like obesity, probably increase the possibility of such
      endogenous compression of the renal arteries. A similar mechanism is proposed for
      the pathogenesis of pre eclampsia.

PMID- 3853079
TI  - Theoretical mechanisms for synthesis of carcinogen-induced embryonic proteins:
      XIV. Mutational and non-mutational mechanisms as subsets of a more general
      mechanism. Part C. A defined cancer mutation.
AB  - The results of applying a mechanism of ethionine-induced embryonic gene
      derepressions to explain similar features found in hereditary tyrosinemia have
      been extended to a well defined cancer mutation. In all three cases, the
      described mechanism is compatible with the explanation for the etiology of
      embryonic like phenotypic expressions in cells and potentially for the
      carcinogenic process. The essence of the formulated process for a human bladder
      carcinoma mutation in the ras gene for a protein phosphokinase states that a
      specific proto-oncogene is mutated to an oncogene by various known processes. The
      protein phosphokinase that has an altered specificity resulting in anomalous
      phosphorylation of important regulating proteins by a non-mutation mechanism,
      i.e. by ethionine, would produce the same effect in a hypomethylated state of
      deoxyribonucleic acid causing an embryonic type protein phosphokinase gene to
      become activated. These embryonic oncogenes are supersensitive to methylation
      control mechanisms--thus the link between non-mutation and mutation type
      mechanisms.

PMID- 3853080
TI  - Inflammation initiates cancer by depleting stem cells.
AB  - According to the theory presented herewith, neoplasia results solely from stem
      cell depletion. Besides serving as tissue progenitors, stem cells are postulated
      to secrete a vital substance 'A' necessary for proper tissue function.
      Carcinogens interfere with 'A' production mainly by destroying stem cells and
      since the latter are not replenished, less 'A' is produced. In order to repair
      the deficiency, the organism grows a special organ, the neoplasm, dedicated to
      produce a substitute, denominated here as substance 'B'. Since carcinogens
      continue depleting stem cells, the neoplasm has to grow more and more in order to
      keep up with the demand, until reaching a stage of decompensation when the harm
      inflicted by it is greater than its benefit. Any stem cell depleting substance or
      process e.g. ablation, chemotherapy and inflammation, is regarded here as a
      carcinogen. Even animal tumor viruses are postulated here to exert their harm
      mainly by depleting stem cells. Protracted inflammation e.g. ulcerative colitis
      or cystic mastopathy, hits stem cells and is followed therefore by neoplasia. Age
      specific incidence rates of such pathologies resemble precursor-successor curves
      of tracer kinetics. The precursor inflammation hits young adults, while its
      successive neoplasia is more prevalent in older individuals. Although most age
      specific curves of adult cancers are unimodal, at least five are bimodal,
      resembling precursor-successor curves. These are: Hodgkin's disease, seminoma,
      nasopharyngeal and retroperitoneal tumors and cancer of bone and joints. It is
      suggested here that these age specific curves are mixtures of two pathologies, an
      inflammatory, which is prevalent in young persons, followed by neoplasia.

PMID- 3853081
TI  - Selective attention and the brain: a hypothesis concerning the hippocampal-
      ventral striatal axis, the mediation of selective attention, and the pathogenesis
      of attentional disorders.
AB  - The mechanisms mediating selective attention are not currently known.
      Dysfunctional selective attention is a common and prominent finding in a variety
      of medical and psychiatric conditions. A hypothesis is developed that efferents
      from the hippocampal formation are the final common pathway of processes which
      determine the noteworthiness of both exteroceptive and interoceptive stimuli, and
      that dysfunction of these efferents is a common pathway for a variety of
      anatomical, electrophysiological, and neurochemical lesions. This hypothesis
      suggests that clinical syndromes of disordered attention may be caused by various
      lesions of efferent connections from hippocampal formation to nucleus accumbens.
      The hypothesis further addresses the possibility that the threshold of
      hippocampus to various classes of stimuli may change on a diurnal and phasic
      basis. Experimental evidence that bears on the hypothesis is reviewed and
      experimental implications of the hypothesis are explored.

PMID- 3853082
TI  - How might demyelinating disorders and glaucoma modify synaptic function?
AB  - Latencies of visually evoked potentials (VEPs) tend to be abnormally long in
      multiple sclerosis (MS). Similar VEP delays are seen in glaucoma. Such delays
      could result in part from reduced intensities of synaptic inputs at post-retinal
      synaptic relays, and defects of axoplasmic transport might be one cause for this.
      The effective rate of synaptic activation of a given postsynaptic neuron can be
      decreased either by reducing the arrival-rate of presynaptic action potentials
      (e.g., by complete or partial blockage of conduction in some presynaptic axons),
      or by reducing the quantity of neurotransmitter released per action potential
      (e.g., as a consequence of presynaptic neurotransmitter depletion). It is
      proposed that in both glaucoma and MS, delayed VEPs may result from either or
      both of these mechanisms. Firstly, loss and functional impairment of optic nerve
      axons occurs in each disorder. Secondly, in glaucoma the increased intraocular
      pressure tends to block the rapid anterograde axoplasmic transport (RAAT) which
      brings neurotransmitter supplies to the axon terminals. This could result in
      neurotransmitter depletion in the lateral geniculate relay, decreased synaptic
      effectiveness of remaining normally-conducting optic nerve axons, and thereby
      increased VEP latencies. RAAT is also blocked by demyelinated lesions that have
      been produced experimentally by injection of diphtheria toxin. If it is impaired
      by the demyelinated plaques of multiple sclerosis, then VEP slowing by a similar
      presynaptic depletion mechanism could ensue.

PMID- 3853083
TI  - The blood-vessel thrust theory of tooth eruption and migration.
AB  - The Blood-Vessel Thrust Theory is a new hypothesis regarding the forces which
      produce the normal eruption of teeth, and the movement of 'nonerupted' teeth
      through bone away from their normal position in the jaws. It points out that the
      flow of blood through the vessels of the dental pulp, and of the tissues
      surrounding the tooth, must produce hydrodynamic and hydrostatic forces within
      the blood vessels, and that these forces have a resultant towards the tooth
      crown, thus causing the tooth to move, crown first, through the bone during
      normal eruption or abnormal tooth migration.

PMID- 3853084
TI  - Mechanisms of atherogenesis: endothelial hypoxia proposed as the major initiator.
AB  - The major atherosclerosis risk factors hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and
      cigarette smoking are examined along with blood vessel anatomy, hemodynamics,
      histopathology and known experimental results. A common factor of blood vessel
      hypoxia, specifically endothelial and intimal hypoxia, is shown to exist.
      Arguments are presented suggesting endothelial hypoxia as the commonest
      initiating event for atherosclerosis. Cholesterol appears to be a secondary and
      opportunistic villain. Explanations are given for the lack of increased
      atherosclerosis risk in familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency (type I
      hyperlipoproteinemia) and for the increased incidence and severity of
      atherosclerosis in the human abdominal aorta in comparison with the thoracic
      aorta. It is suggested that effective prevention of atherosclerosis can be
      accomplished by lowering blood pressure and blood glucose, among others, even
      though these may be within acceptable normal limits. Suggestions are given for
      experiments to test the hypothesis of hypoxia being the major initiating factor
      in atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3853085
TI  - Could the loss of regulation of genetic expression in cancer cells be used to
      cause their necrosis?
AB  - In cancer cells the control over the genetic message involved in the induction of
      mitosis is irreversibly lost. This fact is indicated by certain phenomena
      displayed by cancer cells under restricted nutritional conditions. Cells
      transformed by DNA viruses (which stabilize "p53") keep on cycling and die. In
      starving cells at the inside of tumors the synthesis of pre-rRNA still proceeds
      while all other anabolic processes are already at a standstill. The reason is
      that glutamine, glycine and aspartate are channelled into the enzymatic pathways
      for the synthesis of nucleosides: thus, protein synthesis is denied those
      aminoacids. Such situations might be imitated through the administration of
      excess nucleosides and (within limits) the simultaneous restriction of some
      selected aminoacids. DNA replication depends on the stabilization of p53, but an
      accumulation of pre-rRNA might occur, which ultimately might be harmful for
      cancer cells. Several ways to improve this rationale might be tested on cultured
      cells and on research animals. They include the destruction of methionine with
      bacterial enzymes, or the addition of ornithine, a precursor of putrescine, which
      is an important factor of DNA and pre-rRNA synthesis.

PMID- 3853086
TI  - Application of the adaptation framework in LPN program: a project.

PMID- 3853087
TI  - Motivation.

PMID- 3853088
TI  - Pre- and post-operative visiting: a view from the wards.

PMID- 3853089
TI  - Take political action.

PMID- 3853090
TI  - Increase your professional networth.

PMID- 3853091
TI  - Professional/technical--today's nurses are making their choice.

PMID- 3853092
TI  - Partners--school and business join forces to enhance education.

PMID- 3853093
TI  - Interview: Carol Garant, RN, MSN.

PMID- 3853094
TI  - Our own worst enemy--the female profile.

PMID- 3853095
TI  - Show what you know. Writing for popular publication.

PMID- 3853096
TI  - How valuable is confidentiality?

PMID- 3853097
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Perspective.

PMID- 3853098
TI  - Time we adopted a policy of positive discrimination in favour of night nurses.

PMID- 3853100
TI  - True worth.

PMID- 3853099
TI  - Boost pay to match nurses' skills says RCN.

PMID- 3853101
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. Needs of nurses.

PMID- 3853103
TI  - Frightening future if change is not effected.

PMID- 3853102
TI  - A little warmth can keep an old person alive.

PMID- 3853104
TI  - Royal College of Nursing. College all set for an active 1986.

PMID- 3853105
TI  - Emotive words are cheap and won't save lives--but more commitment could.

PMID- 3853106
TI  - The profession must be aware of what is too important to be compromised in
      nursing.

PMID- 3853107
TI  - A research appraisal checklist for evaluating nursing research reports.

PMID- 3853108
TI  - Collaboration braces schools against eroding resources.

PMID- 3853109
TI  - Community health nurses battle economic crunch by matching services to needs.

PMID- 3853110
TI  - Helping students succeed despite learning disabilities.

PMID- 3853111
TI  - Disaffiliation: O.I.I.Q. (Ordre des Infirmieres et Infirmiers du Quebec)
      withdraws from CNA (Canadian Nurses' Association).

PMID- 3853112
TI  - [Beyond the patient].

PMID- 3853113
TI  - [The school--one obstacle too many for the child experiencing psychosocial
      problems].

PMID- 3853114
TI  - [Why do men die younger?].

PMID- 3853115
TI  - [Milumil--to be proscribed for infants under 3 months old].

PMID- 3853117
TI  - Nurses lead the way.

PMID- 3853116
TI  - [A first in Canada--construction project for a francophone research center in
      mental health].

PMID- 3853118
TI  - Meet the welding processes.

PMID- 3853119
TI  - Two disciplines fighting common problems. Interview by Michael Bangs.

PMID- 3853120
TI  - Superhero?

PMID- 3853121
TI  - Occupational health services in the NHS.

PMID- 3853122
TI  - China: making up for lost time.

PMID- 3853124
TI  - The role of the community health nurse in environmental health.

PMID- 3853123
TI  - What to do if.

PMID- 3853125
TI  - Car seat modification for children under treatment for congenital dislocated
      hips.

PMID- 3853126
TI  - Reducing patient falls.

PMID- 3853127
TI  - The elderly orthopaedic patient with Alzheimer disease.

PMID- 3853128
TI  - Back injury: a preventable occupational hazard.

PMID- 3853129
TI  - Sleep deprivation in the hospitalized patient.

PMID- 3853130
TI  - Car loans: why rates may rise.

PMID- 3853131
TI  - Wound care: wounds that won't heal.

PMID- 3853132
TI  - Peaches and cream.

PMID- 3853133
TI  - Health visiting: the vulnerability factor.

PMID- 3853134
TI  - Don't expect miracles.

PMID- 3853135
TI  - District nursing: day in the life of a DN.

PMID- 3853136
TI  - Training house in order.

PMID- 3853137
TI  - Quality that counts. Interview by Pauline Chudley.

PMID- 3853138
TI  - In praise of overlap.

PMID- 3853139
TI  - In need of a good night's sleep.

PMID- 3853141
TI  - Cosmic nursing: a guide to the stars.

PMID- 3853140
TI  - Sleepless nights: when duty calls.

PMID- 3853142
TI  - Neonatal tetanus.

PMID- 3853143
TI  - Myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3853144
TI  - From filing cabinet to microcomputer.

PMID- 3853145
TI  - Care about food: the indigestible facts.

PMID- 3853146
TI  - Systems of life No 131. Setting up the systems. 31. Development of the ear.

PMID- 3853148
TI  - Continence.

PMID- 3853147
TI  - A matter of life or death.

PMID- 3853149
TI  - Continence. Clothing for independence.

PMID- 3853151
TI  - Continence. Fact and fiction.

PMID- 3853150
TI  - ABC of incontinence.

PMID- 3853152
TI  - Continence. Catheter rejection.

PMID- 3853153
TI  - Continence. Introducing the nursing diagnosis.

PMID- 3853154
TI  - Disasters: survivors.

PMID- 3853155
TI  - Seat-belts: clunk click.

PMID- 3853156
TI  - Housing: home truths.

PMID- 3853158
TI  - Non-nursing duties: the professional ancillary.

PMID- 3853157
TI  - Rehabilitation: the art of restoration.

PMID- 3853159
TI  - Behaviour therapy nursing: putting theory into practice.

PMID- 3853160
TI  - A night out on crutches.

PMID- 3853161
TI  - Prolapsed intervertebral disc.

PMID- 3853162
TI  - Pressure sores: Tegaderm pouch dressings.

PMID- 3853163
TI  - Pressure sores: a risk assessment card.

PMID- 3853164
TI  - Spotlight on Children. Journal of the Association of British Paediatric Nurses.

PMID- 3853165
TI  - Spotlight on children. The silent victims.

PMID- 3853166
TI  - Spotlight on children. Epidermolysis bullosa.

PMID- 3853167
TI  - Addictive attitudes.

PMID- 3853168
TI  - Action men.

PMID- 3853169
TI  - Insurance: running for cover.

PMID- 3853170
TI  - Nursing AIDS: situations vacant.

PMID- 3853171
TI  - Violence: base control to sister.

PMID- 3853172
TI  - Care in a cold climate.

PMID- 3853173
TI  - Project 2000: pointing a way forward.

PMID- 3853174
TI  - Project 2000: all change.

PMID- 3853176
TI  - A resistance movement.

PMID- 3853175
TI  - Project 2000: nurse of all trades?

PMID- 3853177
TI  - Silastic implants in great toe joints.

PMID- 3853178
TI  - Getting the balance right.

PMID- 3853179
TI  - The graduate's progress.

PMID- 3853180
TI  - Leading the learners.

PMID- 3853181
TI  - Tonsillectomy through a child's eyes.

PMID- 3853183
TI  - The Journal of Infection Control Nursing.

PMID- 3853182
TI  - 'My name is Derek'.

PMID- 3853184
TI  - Journal of Infection Control Nursing. Down the drain?

PMID- 3853185
TI  - Journal of Infection Control Nursing. Urinary drainage in patients with spinal
      injuries.

PMID- 3853186
TI  - Journal of Infection Control Nursing. A pest of a problem.

PMID- 3853187
TI  - Teach yourself.

PMID- 3853188
TI  - Patient abuse: when to blow the whistle.

PMID- 3853189
TI  - On the move: going places.

PMID- 3853190
TI  - Harmony is strength.

PMID- 3853191
TI  - Genetics: counselling for the future.

PMID- 3853192
TI  - Genetics: taking the risk.

PMID- 3853193
TI  - Dental care during pregnancy.

PMID- 3853194
TI  - Are you using the nursing process?

PMID- 3853195
TI  - Budgeting for beginners: outstanding commitments.

PMID- 3853196
TI  - Systems of life. No 132. Setting up the systems. 32.

PMID- 3853198
TI  - Project 2000: tomorrow's world.

PMID- 3853197
TI  - Project 2000: a framework for care.

PMID- 3853199
TI  - Quest: NT's educational supplement.

PMID- 3853200
TI  - The getting of wisdom.

PMID- 3853202
TI  - [Nurses as a social force].

PMID- 3853201
TI  - A global perspective.

PMID- 3853203
TI  - [ICN's 18th Quadrennial Congress 15-20 June 1985, Tel Aviv, Israel].

PMID- 3853204
TI  - A case presentation on porphyria.

PMID- 3853205
TI  - Down your way: Sandwell.

PMID- 3853206
TI  - Full-time father.

PMID- 3853207
TI  - Student nurses in Hong Kong.

PMID- 3853208
TI  - Harnessing the winds of change.

PMID- 3853210
TI  - Finance. 6. Looking forward to retirement.

PMID- 3853209
TI  - Health education: opportunities in general practice.

PMID- 3853211
TI  - Midwifery: the familiar round.

PMID- 3853212
TI  - Death 2. Comfort and pain relief.

PMID- 3853213
TI  - A & E nursing. Parents' perception of care.

PMID- 3853215
TI  - Research? As clear as mud.

PMID- 3853214
TI  - The psychiatric nurse's viewpoint.

PMID- 3853216
TI  - How to reduce stress.

PMID- 3853217
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 3853218
TI  - Hollow ideals.

PMID- 3853219
TI  - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at children's hospitals in the United
      States.
AB  - Although methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as an
      important pathogen in hospitalized adults in the United States, reports of MRSA
      in pediatric patients have been infrequent. To determine the frequency at which
      MRSA is isolated from children, we surveyed the directors of microbiology at all
      acute care children's hospitals in the United States, and 57 of 67 (85%)
      laboratory directors responded to a mailed questionnaire. Those not testing S.
      aureus for methicillin susceptibility were excluded from the analysis. Of 53
      (57%) laboratory directors 30 reported that MRSA had been isolated from patients
      in their hospitals. Between 1973 and 1981 the proportion of hospitals isolating
      MRSA increased significantly; 1 of 53 hospitals reported MRSA in 1973 compared to
      20 of 53 hospitals in 1981 (P less than 0.001). Large hospitals (greater than or
      equal to 200 beds) reported MRSA isolates more frequently than did small
      hospitals (less than 200 beds) (P = 0.007). No association was found between the
      isolation of MRSA and the presence of burn or intensive care units, residency
      training programs or rotation of residents to other hospitals. MRSA isolation
      varied by standard metropolitan statistical area and geographic region. These
      data show that the isolation of MRSA is increasing in frequency in pediatric
      patients and that the reporting of MRSA from children's hospitals varies by
      hospital size, standard metropolitan statistical area and region. Since MRSA
      causes significant morbidity and mortality, further studies are necessary to
      identify the risk factors for MRSA infections and to develop effective control
      measures.

PMID- 3853220
TI  - Nursing and medicine: complementary modes of thought and action.

PMID- 3853221
TI  - Motivation: vehicle for public health nursing interventions?

PMID- 3853222
TI  - The use of partners in undergraduate public health nursing.

PMID- 3853223
TI  - Public health nursing for America's children.

PMID- 3853224
TI  - Health status and resources of recently bereaved older persons.

PMID- 3853225
TI  - Folk healing among Hispanic Americans.

PMID- 3853226
TI  - New North Dakota law lets nurse open practice.

PMID- 3853228
TI  - Identity: crisis in nursing.

PMID- 3853227
TI  - AIDS update.

PMID- 3853229
TI  - Thoughts about health care and the future.

PMID- 3853230
TI  - Computers freeing nurses to focus on care.

PMID- 3853231
TI  - Nurses and collective bargaining: a holistic perspective.

PMID- 3853233
TI  - Voices of Mindanao women.

PMID- 3853232
TI  - Value system in nursing.

PMID- 3853234
TI  - Circumcision: pros and cons.
AB  - I have attempted to review the pertinent facts concerning circumcision and the
      proper care of the foreskin with the express purpose of trying to avoid the
      errors in technique or the mismanagement of the intact foreskin that occur all
      too frequently. Until parental and societal attitudes change, it is incumbent
      upon health care professionals to dispense proper care and provide accurate
      information regarding the prepuce.

PMID- 3853235
TI  - Evaluation and management of the acute scrotum.
AB  - The application of an orderly diagnostic protocol to the conditions causing the
      acute scrotum will allow all cases to be classified rapidly, with either a
      presumptive diagnosis of torsion or other surgical conditions that require
      surgery or exclusion of torsion with confidence. It is imperative, however, in
      those cases in which the acute scrotum is not operated on that sufficiently long
      follow-up be done to prove that in each and every case the testis and scrotal
      contents return to normal, so that an occult neoplasm will not be innocently
      neglected.

PMID- 3853236
TI  - Evaluation of gross and microscopic hematuria.
AB  - In summary, hematuria, either gross or microscopic and with or without any
      accompanying symptoms, should always alert the clinician to the possibility of
      serious urologic disease and should virtually always trigger a thorough urologic
      investigation. This can be done by immediate referral to the urologist, or it can
      be done by the primary care physician initiating the diagnostic work-up in
      children by obtaining studies for acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and
      in adults by obtaining excretory urograms with physiologic voiding films and also
      by urine cytologic studies and urine cultures. Appropriate referral to a
      urologist can then be made for additional studies that might be indicated, such
      as cystoscopy and cystourethroscopy and for meticulous follow-up of any abnormal
      findings. The physician who delays or defers a careful investigation into the
      cause of a given patient's hematuria (gross or microscopic) does the patient a
      disservice at best and, at worst, may inadvertently permit a significant disease
      process to become more extensive.

PMID- 3853237
TI  - Office evaluation of female urinary incontinence.
AB  - The diagnosis and therapy of urinary incontinence in the female patient demand an
      orderly approach to this complex problem. In this article, the authors suggest a
      classification that can simplify the approach to the differential diagnosis;
      review the "catheterization test," a simple diagnostic modality; and briefly
      discuss some of the surgical and nonsurgical options for therapy. The primary
      emphasis is on the evaluation of the loss of urine per urethra.

PMID- 3853238
TI  - Vasectomy and its reversal.
AB  - Techniques, results, complications, and medicolegal aspects of vasectomy are
      discussed in this article. Emphasis is placed on techniques that prevent
      spontaneous recanalization of the ends of the vas deferens after vasectomy.
      Factors that affect the reversibility of vasectomy are discussed. New
      microsurgical techniques of vasectomy reversal are described, and results of
      these new techniques are compared with results of nonmicrosurgical techniques of
      vasectomy reversal. Indications for bypass vasoepididymostomy during vasectomy
      reversal procedures, as well as techniques for performing vasoepididymostomy, are
      discussed.

PMID- 3853239
TI  - Sexually transmitted disease in men.
AB  - As sexual mores have changed, the primary care physician is increasingly
      challenged by patient sexually transmitted diseases. In this article, the authors
      attempt to aid in the proper diagnosis and management of men with sexually
      transmitted disease. Clinical understanding, approaches, and tables to direct
      management are emphasized.

PMID- 3853240
TI  - Prostatitis.
AB  - Classification of patients with prostatic complaints into one of the categories
      of bacterial or nonbacterial prostatitis or prostatodynia (see Table 3) enables a
      physician to give rational advice to men with confusing symptoms. By examining
      the prostatic fluid of patients with prostatic symptoms, a physician may easily
      identify those men with prostatodynia who will never respond to antimicrobial or
      anti-inflammatory agents. Carefully obtained fractionated cultures of the urine
      will usually distinguish patients with bacterial and nonbacterial prostatitis, so
      that only those men who have bacterial prostatitis are treated with long courses
      of antimicrobial agents. Although recent measurements documenting elevated IgA
      and IgG in the EPS of men with nonbacterial prostatitis support theories of an
      antigenic cause for the prostatic inflammation and symptoms, the causes for this
      inflammation must still be identified. In addition, the etiology of prostatodynia
      is also unclear. As a result, the optimal treatment for most patients with
      nonbacterial prostatitis and prostatodynia remains unknown.

PMID- 3853241
TI  - Nurse disconnects respirator--code delay: abandonment. Case in point: Com. State
      Bd. of Nurse Examiners v. Rafferty (499 A. 2d 289--PA).

PMID- 3853242
TI  - Pt. abuse alleged--retaliatory termination: liability. Case in point: Welch v.
      Brown's nursing Home (484 N.E. 2d 178--OH).

PMID- 3853243
TI  - Attitudes toward social issues in health care: a cohort analysis.
AB  - Attitudinal change toward psychosocial issues in health care was tested through a
      cohort analysis of 190 nursing students at four successive undergraduate levels.
      The topics examined were: consistency and variability of attitudes toward social
      issues in health care and relationship between scale performance and age.
      Attitudinal change among nursing students at four successive undergraduate levels
      was tested in the present study using a modification of the Attitudes Towards
      Social Issues in Medicine (ATSIM) Inventory, an instrument composed of seven
      subscales dealing with various aspects of health care. Techniques used included
      analysis of variance and Levene's test of the equality of variances. The findings
      confirmed a process of professional socialization in nursing education with
      respect to the attitudes of nursing students toward health care issues.

PMID- 3853244
TI  - Stress, coping behaviors, and recommendations for intensive care and medical
      surgical ward registered nurses.
AB  - Forty one intensive care unit and 61 medical surgical ward registered nurses from
      two large urban teaching hospitals completed a stress questionnaire to examine
      stress factors, coping behaviors, and recommendations for alleviating stress
      within the work environment. Stress variables were grouped into five clusters:
      patient-related, environmental, management-related, interpersonal, and knowledge
      and skills. Multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated a significant main
      effect, with the ward nurses perceiving environmental factors as more stressful.
      Stress factors tend to be related to the overall hospital environment, especially
      in relation to specific work areas within the institutions.

PMID- 3853245
TI  - Reducing acute confusional states in elderly patients with hip fractures.
AB  - The extent to which the incidence of postoperative acute confusional states could
      be reduced in elderly (greater than or equal to age 60) patients with hip
      fractures was tested. Interpersonal and environmental nursing interventions were
      carried out with 57 patients on orthopedic units in three hospitals. The
      incidence of confusion was reduced from 51.5% in the comparison group (n = 170)
      to 43.9%. Analysis that controlled for risk factors in the two groups showed the
      drop in incidence to be significant (p less than .02). The most effective
      interventions appeared to be those that provided orientation and clarification,
      corrected sensory deficit, and increased continuity of care.

PMID- 3853246
TI  - College choice among prospective health professions majors: implications for
      nursing education.
AB  - Factors associated with high school students' decisions to pursue health-related
      fields of study were investigated using the "Survey of Future Plans of High
      School Seniors." Data from 10,878 seniors were analyzed using regression and
      discriminant analysis. Results indicated that: The applicant pool for health
      professions overlapped most with the applicant pool for education, but education
      majors were characterized by lower academic aptitude; the specific
      characteristics of a college were less important to those entering health
      professions than to those entering other majors; and, health profession
      applicants with higher academic aptitude purport life goals more consistent with
      professional advancement than do lower aptitude applicants.

PMID- 3853247
TI  - Experiencing hearing loss in later life: a comparison of deaf and hearing
      impaired older women.
AB  - The effects of hearing loss on the lives of two groups of older women are
      described: those provocationally deaf (n = 27) and those who experienced a later
      onset of hearing loss with aging (n = 39). The women, aged 54-96 years, were
      interviewed in their homes using their preferred mode of communication; open
      ended questions and the Hearing Handicap Inventory of the Elderly were used to
      assess social and emotional aspects of hearing loss and perceived handicap. Data
      were analyzed descriptively and the two groups compared on several variables.
      Both groups of women experienced a high degree of handicap, but expressed their
      problems differently. Later onset subjects emphasized emotional and situational
      problems while prevocationally deaf subjects expressed communication difficulty.

PMID- 3853248
TI  - Mental status and functional health 4 days following relocation to a nursing
      home.
AB  - Nurses frequently note changes in the health status of the aged following
      admission to a nursing home. The purpose of this study was to determine the
      stability of mental status and functional health over a 4-day period immediately
      following relocation from hospital to nursing home. Participants (N = 55) over
      the age of 60 were chosen sequentially as admitted to a 120-bed, long-term care
      facility for rehabilitation or convalescence, and interviewed on Day 1 and Day 4
      following admission. Level of consciousness, attention/concentration,
      orientation, memory, and higher cognitive function were evaluated by the Mental
      Status Examination, and six activities of daily living were evaluated by the
      Scaled Outcome Criteria. A matched pairs t-test (p less than .05) demonstrated no
      significant differences in mean scores between Day 1 and Day 4. Results indicated
      that these short-term residents were stable in their mental status and functional
      health during the immediate period following relocation. Additional study is
      needed, with evaluation of the environment and its effect on participants' and
      expectation for length of stay.

PMID- 3853249
TI  - Environmental support for autonomy in the institutionalized elderly.
AB  - The climate for autonomy in four urban proprietary nursing homes was investigated
      as part of a larger study of the relationship between perceived control and
      morale. Data from 113 residents, 137 caregivers, and 10 administrative personnel
      revealed that caregivers see themselves as the predominant decision makers.
      Although they prefer a slightly higher level of self-determination for residents,
      only in one-to-one and solitary activities do they prefer giving residents the
      primary decision making role, possibly because they see most residents as not
      capable of making decisions. Residents saw themselves as having more control than
      did staff. Grooming and eating were identified by both groups as areas where
      residents had the least control. A substantial proportion of caregivers and
      administrative staff did not emphasize the availability of options to residents.

PMID- 3853250
TI  - Use of the health belief model in determining frequency of breast self
      examination.
AB  - The purpose of this research was to identify the relationships of attitudes about
      breast self-examination and breast cancer to the frequency of breast self
      examination. The health belief model was used as a theoretical base. Likert
      scales were developed for the independent variables of susceptibility,
      seriousness, benefit, barriers, and health motivation; the dependent variable was
      frequency of breast self-examination. A convenience sample of 301 women was drawn
      from a large metropolitan city. Self-administered questionnaires contained the
      developed scales, a measure of frequency of breast self-examination, and
      demographic variables. Results supported the health belief model's prediction of
      frequency of breast self-examination (R = .51; p less than or equal to .01). In
      addition, the variables of seriousness, benefits, barriers, and health motivation
      discriminated groupings according to frequency of breast self-examination.
      Results support the relationship of the health belief model variable to the
      behavior of breast self-examination Nursing implications are discussed.

PMID- 3853251
TI  - Mothers' health beliefs and use of well-baby services among a high-risk
      population.
AB  - The relationship between mothers' health beliefs and use of well-baby services
      among a poor, minority, high-risk population is reported. Data were collected
      from 61 black mothers attending a maternal-child clinic by interviews at the
      first and sixth months after the birth of their infants. The analysis focused on
      four health beliefs (susceptibility, severity, benefits, and efficacy) and two
      health behaviors (clinic visits and immunizations during the first 6 months).
      Although mothers' health beliefs were not predictive of clinic visits, health
      beliefs at the sixth month accounted for 30% of the variance in the number of
      immunizations. This relationship was dominated by perceived efficacy of
      immunizations and perceived benefits of well-baby services. The findings indicate
      a need to consider the nature and extent of possible changes in relationships
      between health beliefs and health behaviors over time.

PMID- 3853252
TI  - Differences in women's and men's thinking about parent-child interactions.
AB  - To determine if young women and men think differently about parenting when
      presented with the same information, a factorial between-subjects experiment was
      conducted. Two case studies (one successful, one unsuccessful) were evaluated;
      they varied only in terms of parent sex and child sex. Respondents explained
      parenting performance and rated both the parent and the child on the same
      personality items. The 136 women in the study were especially sensitive to the
      possibility of a child being troubled. Compared with the 136 men, they were less
      inclined to explain failure as the child's fault and to describe a child as mean.

PMID- 3853253
TI  - Determinants of turnover among nursing department employees.
AB  - A causal model of turnover, or quitting, among hospital nursing department
      employees was evaluated. This model includes job satisfaction, organizational
      commitment, and intent to leave as intervening variables that mediate 13
      determinants of turnover. The sample consisted of 841 female nursing department
      employees selected from five hospitals in a western state. Attitudinal and
      background data were obtained through a mail questionnaire survey, and turnover
      was monitored for 18 months following the survey. Intent to leave had a strong
      direct effect on turnover while kinship responsibility, job satisfaction, and
      organizational commitment had indirect effects on turnover through intent to
      leave. Task repetitiveness, autonomy, promotional opportunities, and fairness of
      rewards were important determinants of jobs satisfaction and thus provide a
      mechanism whereby hospital management may enhance commitment to the organization
      while reducing turnover.

PMID- 3853254
TI  - Preventing coronary heart disease in high-risk families.
AB  - A preventive nursing intervention to reduce coronary heart disease (CHD) risk was
      tested. The sample was 19 families composed of 58 first-degreed relatives of
      young (age 30-55 years) victims of sudden cardiac death. Families were randomly
      assigned to control and experimental groups. The intervention at 3-5 months
      postdeath focused on assessment of health history, health behaviors, health
      beliefs, informing and educating about CHD risk factors, and methods for
      detecting and reducing these factors. The control group received mailed
      questionnaires and no intervention. The subject's reduction of CHD risk was
      measured at 7 months by changes in high risk CHD behaviors, changes in health
      beliefs, and adherence to screening for serum cholesterol and blood pressure
      determination. Analysis of covariance (covarying age and pretest scores)
      demonstrated no differences between groups for health beliefs; however,
      significant differences for health beliefs existed between the sibling subgroups.
      The intervention was correlated with a significant reduction in alcohol intake.
      Reductions in high fat meat consumption were in the desired direction. Greater
      percentages of subjects in the intervention group obtained blood pressure and
      cholesterol screening.

PMID- 3853255
TI  - [Plasma prekallikrein deficiency: 1st case diagnosed in Brazil].

PMID- 3853256
TI  - [Concerning fatal errors].

PMID- 3853257
TI  - [Stoma patients helping stoma patients].

PMID- 3853259
TI  - [The art of nursing care--or nursing care is an art].

PMID- 3853258
TI  - [The importance and practical realization of biliary intubation].

PMID- 3853260
TI  - [The spasms of sobbing].

PMID- 3853261
TI  - [Dialysis nurses in education].

PMID- 3853262
TI  - [The harm of dental caries--the benefits of fluoride].

PMID- 3853263
TI  - [Health systems called in question].

PMID- 3853264
TI  - [Antibiotics].

PMID- 3853265
TI  - [Ward study: night nurses and caretakers of digestive system disorders].

PMID- 3853266
TI  - [Bacteriology. II].

PMID- 3853267
TI  - [Harelip].

PMID- 3853268
TI  - [Labiopalatine clefts--nursing care for a child undergoing surgery].

PMID- 3853269
TI  - [Cancer of the uterus].

PMID- 3853270
TI  - Evaluation of the clotting defect in a factor XII-deficient kindred.
AB  - A family with factor XII severe congenital deficiency is described. Factor XII
      activity and factor XII antigen were both undetectable in the propositus plasma;
      levels of FXII:C and FXII:Ag were intermediate in heterozygotes. Plasma
      prekallikrein activity was low in the propositus, whereas normal levels of
      antigen could be found, suggesting a defect of kallikrein activation due to
      factor XII deficiency.

PMID- 3853271
TI  - Radon emanation from concrete and the influence of using flyash in cement.
AB  - In the Netherlands both Portland cement and blast furnace cement (slags from
      blast furnaces with about 30% Portland cement) are used for concrete. Radon
      exhalation measurements were carried out on concrete blocks made with these two
      types of cement and blocks with 15, 25 and 35% of the cement substituted by three
      different types of flyash. The results show that substituting part of the cement
      by flyash has no drastic effect on the exhalation rate. For concrete with
      Portland cement the exhalation rate decreases using flyash with an average radium
      content. With blast furnace cement a slight increase may be expected. The
      exhalation of concrete is greater than the sum of the exhalation values of the
      constituting components. The water in the pores of the concrete plays an
      essential role in the emanation process.

PMID- 3853272
TI  - [ICN's representatives and congress 1985].

PMID- 3853273
TI  - [Obesity--a health care problem].

PMID- 3853274
TI  - [Mistreatment (neglect and abuse) of the elderly at home].

PMID- 3853275
TI  - [Prediction of pressure sores--a task for nurses].

PMID- 3853276
TI  - [Centralized patient admission in the orthopedic clinic].

PMID- 3853277
TI  - [We in relation to developments].

PMID- 3853278
TI  - [On the way toward a reevaluation of nurses' functions].

PMID- 3853279
TI  - [Education seen in relation to social change and WHO's goal strategy as health
      care goals].

PMID- 3853280
TI  - [Paracetamol].

PMID- 3853281
TI  - [Phosphalugel].

PMID- 3853282
TI  - [Hospital organization].

PMID- 3853283
TI  - [Financial and administrative reform of public hospitals].

PMID- 3853284
TI  - [Departmentalization in nursing education in Belgium].

PMID- 3853285
TI  - [The hospital puzzle].

PMID- 3853286
TI  - [Committee for Hygiene, Safety and Working Conditions].

PMID- 3853287
TI  - [Recruitment conditions in public hospitals].

PMID- 3853288
TI  - [Establishing a child under monitoring].

PMID- 3853289
TI  - [Being a general nurse in a hospital center].

PMID- 3853290
TI  - [Regulations for hospital practice].

PMID- 3853291
TI  - [Hospital personnel--legislation and management].

PMID- 3853293
TI  - [Observations on the nursing profession].

PMID- 3853292
TI  - [The sick person--his illness and the others].

PMID- 3853294
TI  - [Family allowances (1)].

PMID- 3853295
TI  - [How to prevent sexually transmissible diseases].

PMID- 3853296
TI  - [Hospital reform and nursing service].

PMID- 3853297
TI  - [Lioresal].

PMID- 3853298
TI  - [Health care services for drug addicts. Extra-hospital activities].

PMID- 3853299
TI  - [The value of the associative life in extra-hospital psychiatric work].

PMID- 3853300
TI  - ["Disinclose" the psychiatric hospital].

PMID- 3853301
TI  - [Family placement of adult psychiatric patients].

PMID- 3853302
TI  - [Role of the health care team in the opening project of a sheltered apartment.
      Chronic? Did you say chronic?].

PMID- 3853303
TI  - [A part-time care structure for young children. Various characteristics of the
      framework and therapeutic methods].

PMID- 3853304
TI  - [Functioning of a sheltered apartment and role of the nursing team].

PMID- 3853305
TI  - [Home care services in the psychiatric sector. Reflections of a nursing group].

PMID- 3853306
TI  - [Ambiguity of the relation of women to power].

PMID- 3853307
TI  - [Systematic family therapy].

PMID- 3853308
TI  - [Rehabilitation in post-traumatic phasic disorders in extra-hospital activities].

PMID- 3853309
TI  - [A day hospital experience for children. "The threshold of the doorway"].

PMID- 3853310
TI  - [Dressing of sternotomy with external electrodes following open-heart surgery].

PMID- 3853311
TI  - [Diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis of the limbs].

PMID- 3853312
TI  - [Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism].

PMID- 3853313
TI  - [Treatment of venous thromboembolic disease].

PMID- 3853314
TI  - [Thromboembolic disease. Case report].

PMID- 3853315
TI  - [Physiopathology of thromboembolic disease].

PMID- 3853316
TI  - [Relationship of the caretaker and amputation. Surveillance of the equipment].

PMID- 3853318
TI  - [Health for all in the year 2000?].

PMID- 3853317
TI  - [Clinical observation of an arteritis patient with surgery].

PMID- 3853319
TI  - [Stimulating Lier course: back to the patient with new self-confidence].

PMID- 3853320
TI  - [The fear of AIDS: illness as a metaphor].

PMID- 3853321
TI  - [The new "illnesses": current health problems with a social cause].

PMID- 3853322
TI  - [Temporary nurse assistants: no to abbreviated nursing education for nurse
      assistants?].

PMID- 3853323
TI  - [1986 Federal Budget and nursing education].

PMID- 3853324
TI  - [Routines in nursing homes--for the patients' sake or for personnel's?].

PMID- 3853325
TI  - [Difficult decision: home or institution?].

PMID- 3853326
TI  - [Alarm--cholera epidemic in Somalia].

PMID- 3853327
TI  - [Fewer wages because you are a woman?].

PMID- 3853328
TI  - [Government: actions in action!].

PMID- 3853329
TI  - [ICN Congress: common standard and international consciousness].

PMID- 3853330
TI  - [Women created in man's image].

PMID- 3853331
TI  - [Social training groups--current proposal for alcoholics?].

PMID- 3853332
TI  - [Child abuse and failure in care: health visitor services--help or control?].

PMID- 3853333
TI  - [A bit of an adventure: then Reitgjerdet should change name].

PMID- 3853334
TI  - [Norway is one underdeveloped country for patients' rights. Interview by Albert
      H. Collett].

PMID- 3853335
TI  - [Important power in our health system--but: medical technology--neglected
      professional field?].

PMID- 3853336
TI  - [An important political viewpoint].

PMID- 3853337
TI  - [Human Rights Day 10 December--nursing care of torture victims].

PMID- 3853338
TI  - [The environment at work must be healthy for all employees].

PMID- 3853340
TI  - [A proper thought at the further development of hospice nursing].

PMID- 3853339
TI  - [Psychiatry. Guidelines should not come with answers but should be objective].

PMID- 3853341
TI  - [Research in preoperative patient information].

PMID- 3853342
TI  - [Patients want better information about postoperative pain].

PMID- 3853343
TI  - [Self care can mean health and understanding].

PMID- 3853344
TI  - [Nursing home environment. Restraining our elderly in nursing homes].

PMID- 3853345
TI  - [Danish participation important in international nursing congresses].

PMID- 3853346
TI  - [Goat milk can be a useful alternative in pseudo-allergies].

PMID- 3853347
TI  - [WHO. More women are wanted in health care activities].

PMID- 3853348
TI  - [Self care. Tools for the critical nurse].

PMID- 3853349
TI  - [Aphasia. A large part of one's personality lies in one's ability to express
      oneself. Interview by Ulla Danielsen].

PMID- 3853350
TI  - [WHO. The role of private organizations in the strategy Health for All].

PMID- 3853351
TI  - [Partial pension negotiated in the Fall].

PMID- 3853352
TI  - [Assistance to children with minor motor deficiencies].

PMID- 3853353
TI  - [Nursing care. Solution of 3 distinct clinical nursing problems].

PMID- 3853354
TI  - [Nursing care. Improvement of hand hygiene appears to be necessary].

PMID- 3853355
TI  - [Drug information. New method to anesthetize men who need to have a catheter
      inserted].

PMID- 3853356
TI  - [Closer team work and new methods better than unit nurses].

PMID- 3853357
TI  - [Unit nursing--treatment before prevention].

PMID- 3853358
TI  - [Many indications of a growing shortage of nurses].

PMID- 3853359
TI  - [Nursing care. It is our task to allay fear in intensive care patients].

PMID- 3853360
TI  - [Health. To step forward--to go along--to be alive].

PMID- 3853361
TI  - [Nursing care. AIDS: real solution to keep AIDS away from sensationalism.
      Interview by Lene S. Garden].

PMID- 3853363
TI  - [Problem can only be solved by educating more].

PMID- 3853362
TI  - [Mr. Hansen cannot bear to get in the bathtub].

PMID- 3853364
TI  - [Psychiatry. Evident need for ambulatory group therapy].

PMID- 3853365
TI  - [Health is not only absence of disease--it is physical, mental and social
      welfare. Interview by Helle K. Hansen].

PMID- 3853366
TI  - [Health. It is good to know that one is useful for something. Interview by Helle
      K. Hansen].

PMID- 3853367
TI  - [Executive Board. Nurses will influence local developments].

PMID- 3853368
TI  - [Entirely new hygienic guidelines for care of AIDS patients].

PMID- 3853369
TI  - [Continuing education. Nursing college invites applications].

PMID- 3853370
TI  - [Admission to nursing college].

PMID- 3853371
TI  - [Tax orientation. 2 decisions from the Federal Tax Legislation concerning
      deductions].

PMID- 3853372
TI  - [Nurses prepare for key positions].

PMID- 3853373
TI  - [Denmark helps Bangladesh with basic medicines].

PMID- 3853374
TI  - [Drug information. Analgesic drugs which can be brought without prescription].

PMID- 3853375
TI  - [Research must be organized and financed].

PMID- 3853376
TI  - [Iraq. The female relatives arranged the laundry brought along to the hospital].

PMID- 3853377
TI  - [Education. Agreement on extra education places still not fulfilled].

PMID- 3853378
TI  - [Education. Frustrated? I am only a student nurse].

PMID- 3853379
TI  - [Nordvang. County mayor makes moral issue a legal problem. Interview by Peter
      Hjorth].

PMID- 3853380
TI  - August 2, 1985--Delta Flight 191: worst air disaster in Texas history. Red cross
      nurses respond.

PMID- 3853381
TI  - Why nurses should have a tax strategy.

PMID- 3853382
TI  - [Care against all opposition. Observations on 3 care models].

PMID- 3853383
TI  - [The FONA-Commission. Quality assurance with reference to Errors Accidents and
      Near-accidents].

PMID- 3853384
TI  - [Nurses in academic hospitals are evaluated. Introduction of functional appraisal
      for nurses].

PMID- 3853385
TI  - [The Leeuwerikhoeve: a therapeutic living and working community in development].

PMID- 3853386
TI  - [A kidney full of worms. How school children understand their illness].

PMID- 3853387
TI  - [Basic health care and nursing. I: What is basic health care?].

PMID- 3853388
TI  - [Can district nursing stimulate self care and comprehensive care?].

PMID- 3853389
TI  - Reconstructing a self-image: reduction mammoplasty.

PMID- 3853390
TI  - Performing knee arthroscopy under local anesthesia.

PMID- 3853391
TI  - Computers to the OR--stat! Part 3.

PMID- 3853392
TI  - Help your patients stand tall! Scoliosis correction with spinal fixation.

PMID- 3853393
TI  - [Therapeutic aspects of salmonellosis in veal calves].
AB  - The present investigation was undertaken to improve dosage regimens--using
      amoxycillin, chloramphenicol or trimethoprim/sulphadiazin--in Salmonella dublin
      or Salmonella typhimurium infected vealcalves. The pharmacokinetic of these drugs
      was studied after i/v, oral, and i/m administration (bio-availability, local
      irritation at the injection site, volume of distribution, and elimination half
      life). The most important conclusion was that amoxycillin, chloramphenicol, and
      trimethoprim were suitable for oral administration to vealcalves, although the
      bioavailability of chloramphenicol and trimethoprim was significantly less when
      administered with a milk replacer concurrently. In vitro the antibacterial
      activities of these drugs were compared with each other. Addition of sulphadiazin
      to trimethoprim lowered its MIC for S. dublin, but it reduced the killing rate
      compared to that of trimethoprim alone. In the efficacy studies the activities of
      several serum enzymes and the plasma concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, and bilirubine
      were measured. Using optimal dose regimens based on MIC values and blood levels
      treatment with either of the three drugs was of equal efficacy.

PMID- 3853394
TI  - A multidimensional, dual-perspective index of parenteral support.

PMID- 3853395
TI  - Adjustment patterns of chronically ill middle-aged persons and spouses.

PMID- 3853396
TI  - Influencing the future of nursing research through power and politics.

PMID- 3853398
TI  - Ethical issues in nursing research.

PMID- 3853397
TI  - A discriminant model to predict breast-feeding success.

PMID- 3853399
TI  - Strategies for teaching nursing research. Theory and metatheory in an
      undergraduate research course.

PMID- 3853400
TI  - Computer use and nursing research. ANA Council on Computer Applications in
      Nursing.

PMID- 3853401
TI  - Nursing research productivity: the University of Washington experience.

PMID- 3853402
TI  - Research utilization--nursing models.

PMID- 3853403
TI  - [Mucosa dimensions and cell proliferation in intestinal organ cultures with and
      without inhibition of cholesterol synthesis].
AB  - The changes in the structure and proliferative activity of rabbit ileal mucosa
      have been studied with morphometric and stathmokinetic techniques during 24 h
      organ culture. Under control conditions the villus base diameter and villus
      height decreased by 34 and 53%, respectively, whereas the number of villi per mm2
      remained constant. The reduction of crypt depth was less pronounced than the loss
      in villus height, leading to a decrease in the villus height to crypt depth ratio
      from 3.4 to 2.3. The likely reason for this culture induced hypoplasia was a
      significant drop in mitotic activity as early as 2 h after starting the culture.
      Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, the key enzyme of cholesterogenesis, lead to a
      further reduction in mucosal dimensions and a near complete suppression of crypt
      cell regeneration. These data imply that despite the well-known preservation of
      differentiated function mucosal cell renewal during organ culture is impaired.

PMID- 3853404
TI  - [Who is responsible for the working environment?].

PMID- 3853405
TI  - [After the women's decade: women as a group are politically stronger. Interview
      by Arne Jartelius].

PMID- 3853406
TI  - [Study on delegating: nurses lack proficiency].

PMID- 3853407
TI  - [Eva answers telephone questions on cancer. Interview by Inger Lernevall].

PMID- 3853408
TI  - [Swedish nursing instructor in Nicaragua: here studies and coffee picking take
      turns. Interview by Caroline Svensson].

PMID- 3853409
TI  - [We don't want to do the clean-up. Interview by Inger Lernevall].

PMID- 3853410
TI  - [Karlskrona: here they are on the right track].

PMID- 3853412
TI  - [District nurse without car to boot. County Council outside and bicycling?].

PMID- 3853411
TI  - [Team work for better care: SHSTF and Municipal Employee Union].

PMID- 3853413
TI  - [Medical clinic in Vasteras. Work Inspection stops overcrowding with threat of
      fines].

PMID- 3853414
TI  - [An American looks at Swedish health care. Are Swedish nurses aware of their poor
      conditions?].

PMID- 3853415
TI  - [SHSTF no to brain death].

PMID- 3853416
TI  - [Dialysis lawsuit in Gota's Court of Appeals. Alarm panels resemble Russian
      roulette. Interview by Viveka Holmertz].

PMID- 3853417
TI  - [Fellows quicker ahead. Interview by Anita Widen].

PMID- 3853418
TI  - [Lena Svenaeus on dialysis verdict: "completely unjust". Interview by Viveka
      Holmertz].

PMID- 3853419
TI  - [Health care in refugee camp under siege: impossible to give the care they need].

PMID- 3853420
TI  - [That's why SHSTF needs to get signed contract: nurses are guarantee for medical
      quality].

PMID- 3853421
TI  - [Margitta Edgren, new nurse in parliament. Interview by Viveka Holmertz].

PMID- 3853422
TI  - [Successful demonstration].

PMID- 3853423
TI  - [SHSTF's representatives: severe criticism with Social Welfare Board].

PMID- 3853424
TI  - [Dosage is too big--nurse doesn't know arithmetic. Interview by Viveka Holmertz].

PMID- 3853425
TI  - [Here you find 300 meter of pictures which stir the imagination. Interview by
      Kjell Torma].

PMID- 3853426
TI  - [Agreement 86. "We must obtain a better wage system". Interview by Jan
      Thomasson].

PMID- 3853427
TI  - [Agreement 86. "Politicians must take responsibility for their employees".
      Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3853428
TI  - [Dispute about sex discrimination solved].

PMID- 3853429
TI  - [International cooperation--a conflict without solution?].

PMID- 3853430
TI  - [St. Erik's Hospital is closing].

PMID- 3853431
TI  - [Directors must have nursing knowledge. Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3853432
TI  - [District nurses ready to take responsibility for nursing home at night.
      Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3853433
TI  - [25 kr. per visit--sabotage of care. Interview by Viveka Holmertz].

PMID- 3853434
TI  - [Vansbro, Dalarna: chaotic year for nurses. Interview by Janne Berglund].

PMID- 3853435
TI  - Developing a professional ethic.

PMID- 3853436
TI  - The role of a sexuality division in a public health agency.

PMID- 3853437
TI  - Development of a quality assurance program: Colonel Belcher Hospital.

PMID- 3853438
TI  - Computer knowledge.

PMID- 3853439
TI  - Baccalaureate entry to practice: educational cost implications.

PMID- 3853440
TI  - Position paper: quality of working life.

PMID- 3853441
TI  - Humour: more than Ho! Ho! Ho!

PMID- 3853442
TI  - Reality orientation-Dickinsfield.

PMID- 3853443
TI  - Nature of interaction in elderly mother and elderly daughter dyads.

PMID- 3853444
TI  - Quality of working life position paper.

PMID- 3853445
TI  - Comments on nursing in the 80's: a dynamic model.

PMID- 3853446
TI  - The control of granule movement in fish melanophores.
AB  - The effects of electrical field stimulation, alpha-2-adrenoceptor activation and
      manipulation of the intracellular machinery on aggregation and dispersion of
      melanosomes within melanophores of Labrus ossifagus were studied. Neither
      melatonin nor MSH exerted any direct effects on the melanophores, and furthermore
      MSH alone did not affect the responses elicited by electrical stimulation or by
      noradrenaline. Omitting extracellular Ca2+ blocked the nerve-mediated aggregation
      but was without effect on noradrenaline-induced aggregation. Colchicine and
      demecolcine inhibited the melanosome aggregation induced by noradrenaline. The
      characteristics of aggregation and dispersion were found to diverge in several
      ways. In melanophores made permeable by dispersion were found to diverge in
      several ways. In melanophores made permeable by using saponin, cyclic AMP caused
      dispersion. The dynein-ATP-ase inhibitor vanadate prevented the melanosome
      aggregation within saponin-treated melanophores, while vandate was without effect
      on the cyclic AMP-induced dispersion. The melanosome transport in saponin-treated
      melanophores could be activated even in the absence of Ca2+, indicating that the
      melanosome movements were completely Ca2+-independent.

PMID- 3853447
TI  - Analysis of cellular senescence through detection and assessment of RNAs and
      proteins important to gene expression: transfer RNAs and autoimmune antigens.

PMID- 3853448
TI  - Remembering: a brief tale of a long life in public health.

PMID- 3853449
TI  - Solid-phase radioimmunoassay for human neutrophil elastase: a sensitive method
      for determining secreted and cell-associated enzyme.
AB  - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for measuring neutrophil elastase in the range
      0.08-4 ng/ml has been developed. A monospecific, precipitating antibody capable
      of inhibiting elastinolysis was produced by repeated immunizations of a goat. The
      IgG fraction and affinity-purified antibodies of this serum were then obtained
      and used to develop this radioimmunoassay. There was no cross-reactivity in
      binding of the radiolabeled antisera with lactoferrin, cathepsin G, or serine
      proteinases with amino-terminal amino acid sequence homology. Although serum
      influences the measurement of catalytically active neutrophil elastase when
      compared to diisopropylfluorophosphate-treated neutrophil elastase, antigenic
      elastase may still be measured in body fluids. Furthermore, this assay is more
      sensitive than commercially available substrates used for quantitating neutrophil
      elastase by functional activity. We have found this quantitative assay extremely
      useful in balance studies to measure secreted and cell-associated elastase and in
      screening of biological fluids for the presence of the enzyme.

PMID- 3853450
TI  - Survey of purchasers of The APIC Curriculum for Infection Control Practice:
      findings and recommendations.
AB  - A survey of purchasers of The APIC Curriculum for Infection Control Practice was
      conducted in early 1985 by the APIC Curriculum Committee to determine
      characteristics of purchasers, usability of the text, reasons for purchase, and
      availability of references cited. Data were obtained from 342 (54.3%) respondents
      to a nationwide mail survey sent to a 20% sample (630) of all who were purchasers
      prior to January 1985. The average purchaser was an Infection Control
      Practitioner (ICP) who was a nurse employed by an acute care community hospital
      and had 6.9 years experience in infection control practice; 41% of purchasers
      worked in hospitals with greater than 300 beds. APIC members represented 93% of
      the respondents, and their disciplines were similar to those of the membership.
      Primary reasons for purchasing the Curriculum were to use it as the major
      reference for infection control information and to study for the Infection
      Control Certification Examination. Almost half of the respondents had taken and
      passed the examination. The overall satisfaction with format and style suggests
      that it was well-received and usable. Purchase of the Curriculum was strongly
      associated with hospital size. ICPs practicing in hospitals with less than 100
      beds were less likely to have purchased the book than those in larger hospitals.
      Availability of references was also associated with hospital size. Future
      editions of the Curriculum need to reflect consideration of the relationship
      between hospital size and availability of references in their approach to
      completeness of information.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3853451
TI  - Moral, ethical, and legal aspects of infection control.

PMID- 3853452
TI  - Infection control staffing recommendations appear to need reexamination.

PMID- 3853453
TI  - Comparison of neutrophil elastases and of neutrophil protease inhibitors in the
      horse and man.
AB  - Neutral neutrophil protease, elastase activities, and cytosol protease inhibitors
      of these enzymes of horses and man were compared. Human neutrophils had 5 times
      the elastase activity of equine neutrophils, and neutral protease activity was
      approximately 50% greater in human neutrophils than that in equine neutrophils.
      Cytosol inhibitors for elastase and neutral proteases were not found in human
      neutrophils, whereas large amounts were found in equine neutrophils. Using
      fibrinogen-agarose electrophoresis, 4 cytosol inhibitors of different enzyme
      specificities were detected. These cytosol inhibitors were differentiated on the
      basis of different electrophoretic migration and on the basis of differences in
      enzyme specificity.

PMID- 3853454
TI  - Recommended practices. Radiation safety in the operating room (including lasers).
      AORN Recommended Practices Subcommittee.

PMID- 3853455
TI  - Treatment of pelvic endometriosis with gestrinone--report on 9 cases.

PMID- 3853456
TI  - Diabetes education and management.

PMID- 3853457
TI  - College-based education: background and bugs. 1. Why it has happened.

PMID- 3853458
TI  - College-based education: background and bugs. 2. Optimizing the transition.

PMID- 3853459
TI  - Nurse & the law. What was said--and what she thought was said.

PMID- 3853460
TI  - Drug interactions.

PMID- 3853461
TI  - Decanoyl lysophosphatidic acid induces platelet aggregation through an
      extracellular action. Evidence against a second messenger role for
      lysophosphatidic acid.
AB  - Platelets rapidly convert 1,2-didecanoyl-sn-glycerol into its corresponding
      phosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidic acid derivatives, thereby providing a
      means of introducing these two compounds into platelets. 1-Decanoyl-2-lyso-3-sn
      phosphatidic acid, when added directly to platelets, induced platelet aggregation
      and raised intracellular Ca2+ levels at concentrations of 0.3 microM upwards, but
      was without effect when formed intracellularly from 1,2-didecanoylglycerol at an
      estimated concentration of approx. 47 microM. This indicates that the site of
      platelet activation by lysophosphatidic acid is extracellular. A concentration of
      thrombin (0.2 unit/ml), which produced maximal platelet aggregation, caused an
      estimated intracellular formation of 20 microM-lysophosphatidic acid in the
      presence of 2 mM-Ca2+; however, there was no detectable release of
      lysophosphatidic acid into the bathing medium. Lysophosphatidic acid, therefore,
      may not be an intracellular second messenger involved in platelet aggregation by
      thrombin.

PMID- 3853462
TI  - Biosynthesis of complement components by cultured rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Hepatocytes which had been isolated from the livers of Charles River rats were
      cultured in vitro. The cells were shown to synthesize albumin and the complement
      components C4, C2, C3 and B. Pulse-label studies with [35S]methionine showed that
      C4 and C3 were synthesized as single polypeptide chains. Pro-C4 did not appear to
      be converted into the plasma form of C4 intracellularly, whereas cell lysates
      contained the alpha- and beta-chains of plasma C3 as well as pro-C3. It is
      concluded that culture of rat hepatocytes in vitro provides a useful technique
      for studies of the synthesis of complement components.

PMID- 3853464
TI  - Two tRNAIle1 species from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8:
      effect of 2-thiolation of ribothymidine on the thermostability of tRNA.
AB  - From Thermus thermophilus HB8 grown at 65 degrees C, two major tRNAIle species
      have been purified by column chromatography and polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The nucleotide sequence of one of these two tRNAIle1 species
      (tRNAIle1a) has been determined to be
      pGGGCGAUUAGCUCAGCUGmGUDAGAGCGCACGCCUGAUt6AAGCGUGAGm7GUCGGUGGs2T psi
      CAm1AGUCCACCAUCGCCCACCAOH. The nucleotide sequence of the other species
      (tRNAIle1b) is found to be the same as that of tRNAIle1a except for the
      modification in position 54; tRNAIle1a has s2T(54) while tRNAIle1b has T(54). The
      melting temperature of tRNAIle1a is as high as 86.2 degrees C while that of
      tRNAIle1b is 83.3 degrees C. The single replacement of an oxygen atom (2-carbonyl
      oxygen) of T(54) by a sulfur atom significantly contributes to the
      thermostability of the tRNAIle1a species. In addition, the methylation of G(18)
      and A(58) possibly contributes to the thermostability of T. thermophilus
      tRNAIle1a and tRNAIle1b species.

PMID- 3853463
TI  - Interaction of normolipidemic very low density lipoproteins with receptors in
      human skin fibroblasts.
AB  - Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) from normolipidemic subjects were able to
      bind to the cultured human skin fibroblasts almost as efficiently as low density
      lipoproteins (LDL). The rate of esterification of cholesterol in the fibroblasts
      was enhanced by VLDL to the same extent as by LDL. Trypsin treatment of VLDL
      abolished the binding capacity completely. When trypsin-treated VLDL was
      partially delipidated with heptane, part of the binding capacity to the
      fibroblasts was restored. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that
      apolipoprotein E (apo E) in VLDL was digested completely by trypsin. Although
      normal VLDL are recognized by the cells through apolipoprotein E, the major
      apoprotein of VLDL, that is apolipoprotein B (apo B), is not functional unless
      the core triglycerides are removed. In contrast to the previous reports which
      indicate that only hypertriglyceridemic VLDL and not normal VLDL interact with
      fibroblast receptors, our results clearly show that VLDL from normolipidemic
      subjects can also bind to these receptors.

PMID- 3853465
TI  - Thermodynamics of anion binding to human serum transferrin.
AB  - The binding of phosphate, bicarbonate, sulfate, and vanadate to human serum
      transferrin has been evaluated by two difference ultraviolet spectroscopic
      techniques. Direct titration of apotransferrin with bicarbonate, phosphate, and
      sulfate produces a strong negative absorbance near 245 nm, while titration with
      vanadate produces a positive absorbance in this region. Least-squares refinement
      of the absorbance data indicates that two anions of sulfate, phosphate, and
      vanadate bind to each transferrin molecule but that there is detectable binding
      of only a single bicarbonate anion. A second method used to study the
      thermodynamics of anion binding was competition equilibrium between anions for
      binding to the transferrin. The equilibrium constant for binding of the first
      equivalent of vanadate was determined by competition vs. phosphate and sulfate,
      while the equilibrium constant for binding of the second equivalent of
      bicarbonate was determined by competition vs. vanadate. Anion binding was
      described by two equilibrium constants for the successive binding of two anions
      per transferrin molecule: K1 = [A-Tr]/[A][Tr] and K2 = [A-Tr-A]/[A][A-Tr] where
      [A] represents the free anion concentration, [Tr] represents apotransferrin
      concentration, and [A-Tr] and [A-Tr-A] represent the concentrations of 1:1 and
      2:1 anion-transferrin complexes, respectively. The results were the following:
      for phosphate, log K1 = 4.19 +/- 0.03 and log K2 = 3.25 +/- 0.21; for sulfate,
      log K1 = 3.62 +/- 0.07 and log K2 = 2.79 +/- 0.20; for vanadate, log K1 = 7.45 +/
      0.10 and log K2 = 6.6 +/- 0.30; for bicarbonate, log K1 = 2.66 +/- 0.07 and log
      K2 = 1.8 +/- 0.3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3853466
TI  - [Transplantation of the vascularized thyroid and parathyroid and nursing care].

PMID- 3853467
TI  - [Nursing of patients after an operation for primary hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 3853468
TI  - [Cross-bridge free compound tissue transplantation and patient care].

PMID- 3853469
TI  - [Treatment and nursing of a ruptured spleen].

PMID- 3853470
TI  - [Use of an air tourniquet in operations on the extremities].

PMID- 3853471
TI  - [Anticoagulation therapy of late SLE nephritis patients].

PMID- 3853472
TI  - [Nursing care of patients with obesity].

PMID- 3853473
TI  - [Nursing care of patients after vagina reconstruction using 3 new methods].

PMID- 3853474
TI  - [No family care system in the pediatric ward].

PMID- 3853475
TI  - [Gentamycin: interactions with some other drugs].

PMID- 3853476
TI  - Symposium on sleep disorders.

PMID- 3853477
TI  - Control of ventilation during sleep.
AB  - Ventilatory responses to chemostimulation are reduced during NREM sleep and fall
      further during REM sleep. These reductions are probably due to a combination of
      decreased basal metabolic rate during sleep, altered neuromuscular function, and
      increased cerebral blood flow. The decreased responses are important in the
      production of hypoxemia during sleep in patients with hypoxic lung disease.

PMID- 3853478
TI  - Sleep and control of heart rate.
AB  - The heart rate in normal humans is determined by many factors. Assuming a normal
      hemoglobin concentration, left ventricular function, and metabolic rate,
      respiration, and its effects, along with autonomic nervous activity, appear to
      influence heart rate the most. Hypoxia and hypercapnia both increase heart rate
      during wakefulness and probably do the same during sleep. The hypoxic response is
      dependent on information from lung inflation and the carotid bodies. Respiratory
      rate, within limits, will determine the amplitude of the well-known (respiratory)
      sinus arrhythmia. During sleep, a distinct pattern of heart rate response and its
      respiratory arrhythmia are seen for each stage of sleep and are related to the
      level of autonomic nervous system activity during wakefulness. Blood pressure
      follows the same trend as heart rate during sleep, and changes in cardiac output
      and total peripheral vascular resistance are variable during sleep, but there is
      no consensus of opinion about the direction of these changes. Rhythm disturbances
      are predominantly those of bradyarrhythmias, exaggerated sinus arrhythmias, and
      transient AV block, which are probably occurring in REM sleep.

PMID- 3853479
TI  - Sleep in restrictive lung disorders.
AB  - Abnormalities in sleep occur in patients with both extrapulmonary restriction and
      intrapulmonary restriction. Patients with extrapulmonary restriction such as
      kyphoscoliosis may develop severe apneas during sleep, particularly during the
      REM stage. Patients with interstitial lung disease continue to have a rapid
      shallow breathing pattern during sleep, but may also develop abnormalities in the
      breathing pattern. During periods of snoring patients with interstitial lung
      disease may develop further hypoxemia.

PMID- 3853480
TI  - Sleep and respiration: a postscript.
AB  - The recent advances in our understanding of breathing in sleep include an
      evolution in the selection and surgical therapy of patients with the sleep apnea
      syndrome. Recent work suggests that shorter polysomnographic studies may be
      adequate for diagnostic purposes in many sleep apnea patients. It is now clear
      that central apnea may occur, paradoxically, in patients with either very blunted
      chemical drives to breathe or increased drives to breathe.

PMID- 3853481
TI  - Real-time blood pressure monitoring in physiological experiments using an Apple
      II microcomputer.
AB  - The paper describes a program used for real-time blood pressure monitoring. A
      simple method allowing interactive control of the decision criteria is used for
      upstroke detection. The blood pressure signal is characterized by means of 8
      parameters, computed for every cycle. The program offers two graphic modes:
      plotting (a) the original signal and (b) the computed variables. Other useful
      programs are presented together with the BP/MONITOR to allow use of the Apple II
      as a digital memory scope in different working modes.

PMID- 3853482
TI  - A computer algorithm for the assessment of age reporting bias in censal
      population estimates using Myers' 'blended' method.
AB  - A population's age structure is widely used in the computation of many vital
      statistics. The importance of highly accurate vital statistics cannot be
      overemphasized--such statistics are used extensively by governments to determine
      the proper allocation of health resources and services, and by demographers,
      sociologists and epidemiologists to study secular trends. A computer program has
      been developed for use on an Apple II+ microcomputer for the analysis of
      population age profiles and determination of age reporting bias.

PMID- 3853483
TI  - Multifit: a flexible non-linear least squares regression program in BASIC.
AB  - MULTIFIT, a program in BASIC for implementation on microcomputers, has been
      developed for non-linear least squares regression fitting of enzyme kinetic,
      pharmacokinetic and other data to specific models. The program contains a simple
      procedure for insertion of model equations with up to five parameters (to be
      fitted) up to 3 independent variables and 1 dependent variable, and can be used
      to generate a family of programs with pre-set model functions.

PMID- 3853484
TI  - Estimating variance components with BMDP for analyses of technical reliability.
AB  - Measurement reliability reflects the ratio of true (subject) to observed (subject
      plus error) variance. Analyses of reliability are limited due to difficulties in
      obtaining accurate estimates of the sources of variation upon which this
      relationship depends. This paper presents a simple analysis of variance
      procedure, using BMDP8V, for estimating the necessary variance components of
      mixed models, from which reliability may be assessed.

PMID- 3853485
TI  - A FORTRAN program for ranking and for calculation of Spearman's correlation
      coefficient.
AB  - A FORTRAN IV program is presented for ranking data in ascending order. The ranks
      corrected for ties are printed together with the corresponding raw data, if
      requested. After ranking, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, rs, as
      well as the corresponding t-value, can be calculated. In these calculations
      corrections are made for tied values.

PMID- 3853486
TI  - Precise calculation of the cumulative distribution function and its inverse
      function for Fisher's F and Student's t tests.
AB  - A computer program to calculate precise solutions (exact to the limit of computer
      accuracy) for the cumulative distribution function of the statistical t and F
      distributions is detailed. A routine that makes iterative calls of this algorithm
      to calculate precisely the inverse function of these distributions by successive
      approximation is also provided. The program provided yields precise levels of
      probability confidence for both Fisher's F and Student's t tests, and the inverse
      calculation of critical values given p. It is written in a subset of BASIC which
      should run on any small computer, requiring only 1538 bytes on the Commodore 64.

PMID- 3853487
TI  - Automated classification of phonological errors in aphasic language.
AB  - Using heuristically guided state space search, a prototype program has been
      developed to simulate and classify phonemic errors occurring in the speech of
      neurologically impaired patients. Simulations are based on an interchangeable
      rule/operator set of elementary errors which represent a theory of phonemic
      processing faults. This work is significant because it introduces and evaluates a
      novel approach to error simulation and classification, provides a prototype
      simulation tool for neurolinguistic research, and forms the initial phase of a
      larger research effort involving computer modelling of neurolinguistic processes.

PMID- 3853488
TI  - Computer assessment of hemodynamic severity of coronary artery stenosis from
      angiograms.
AB  - A computer-assisted analysis of coronary obstructions from cineangiograms is
      presented, which includes both the geometric and hemodynamic evaluation of
      coronary stenosis severity. Single frame images are digitized into a 512 X 512 X
      8 bit array after a cine-to-video conversion. Automatic edge tracking is
      performed using a combination of derivative and threshold methods. Vessel borders
      from two orthogonal views of the arterial segment are used to create a three
      dimensional reconstruction of the stenosis, which serves as a basis for
      calculation of absolute and relative geometric dimensions, stenotic resistance
      and trans-stenotic pressure gradient for various given flow rates. A preliminary
      performance evaluation of this method was made by analysis of x-ray phantoms
      representing stenoses of known dimensions, which were filmed under quasi-clinical
      conditions. The results are discussed with respect to their accuracy and
      reproducibility.

PMID- 3853489
TI  - Detection of saccadic eye movements using a non-recursive adaptive digital
      filter.
AB  - Saccadic eye movements provide important information about the neuron system at
      several levels. In recent years computer analysis of saccades has been adapted
      for use in clinical work. The most common detection methods do not always
      function without the user's control and aid. In the present paper a digital
      filter is described for the detection of saccades. This non-recursive filter
      unscrambles saccade data which has been collected during the execution of an
      algorithm. The method is suitable for use with microcomputers. The filter is
      adaptive. Two concise experiments using the method are described.

PMID- 3853490
TI  - A simulation model for studies of intestine cell dynamics.
AB  - A dynamic simulation model for the epithelial cell structures of the intestine
      has been developed. The model is based on hypotheses found in the literature. It
      is shown that basic cell dynamics can be reproduced by simulation experiments.
      The simulation program is designed so that model output comparable with
      experimental findings can be obtained. The use of a dynamic simulation model can
      be interpreted as a simulated experiment in vivo. The model therefore allows
      analysis of dynamic behaviour that cannot be performed by normal experimental
      work. This means that the model can be used as a tool for
      verification/falsification of hypotheses about dynamics in both normal and
      abnormal cell structures.

PMID- 3853491
TI  - [Psychocybernetics and nursing--in search of more meaningful encounters with
      patients. (4)].

PMID- 3853492
TI  - [Guidance of students in case studies. (2)].

PMID- 3853493
TI  - [Definition of psychiatry--establishment of scientific psychiatry. (3)].

PMID- 3853494
TI  - [Ambulation of blind people and the role of seeing-eye dogs--assistance for
      independence in walking].

PMID- 3853495
TI  - [Scientific study of nursing: case study series. 6. Part I. Interactions with
      students during clinical training in pediatrics].

PMID- 3853496
TI  - [Scientific study of nursing: case study series. 6. Part II. Interactions with
      students during clinical training in pediatrics. Comment on the process of
      instruction].

PMID- 3853497
TI  - [Scientific study of nursing: case study series. 6. Part III. Discussion on the
      "interactions with students during clinical training in pediatrics"].

PMID- 3853498
TI  - President's address to the 1985 Connecticut Nurses' Association House of
      Delegates.

PMID- 3853499
TI  - A person story: modern job hunting for nurses.

PMID- 3853500
TI  - Sequelae to ruptured aortic aneurysm.

PMID- 3853501
TI  - Nursing care of the potential organ donor.

PMID- 3853502
TI  - To sleep or not to sleep: the consequences of sleep deprivation.

PMID- 3853503
TI  - Discharge planning for critical care.

PMID- 3853504
TI  - Sleep and the elderly critical care patient.

PMID- 3853505
TI  - Nursing care of patients with blunt cardiac trauma.

PMID- 3853506
TI  - Ceftriaxone sodium (Rocephin, Roche).

PMID- 3853507
TI  - Cardiovascular physiology in the elderly.

PMID- 3853508
TI  - Arrhythmia quiz.

PMID- 3853509
TI  - Harrington rod instrument and spinal fusion: postoperative care plan.

PMID- 3853510
TI  - Negligence: the determination of legal liability.

PMID- 3853511
TI  - Exercise testing in suspected coronary artery disease.
AB  - The interpretation and selection of exercise tests depends on the pretest
      probability of CAD. Imperfect tests (like exercise tests) provide probability
      estimates, not definite statements (such as "the patient has CAD" or "the patient
      does not have CAD"). In patients with a low pretest probability of CAD
      (asymptomatic persons or men and women with nonanginal chest pain), abnormal
      exercise test results provide probability estimates that are much too low to
      conclude that the patient has CAD. In patients with anginal pain and normal
      exercise tests, the probability of CAD is too high to conclude that the patient
      has a normal coronary circulation. Exercise tests are not useful for trying to
      rule out CAD in patients with anginal pain. In patients with an intermediate
      pretest probability of CAD (men and women with atypical angina and women with
      typical angina), abnormal exercise tests (particularly the myocardial scintiscan)
      provide probability estimates that are high enough to justify starting treatment
      for CAD. Exercise tests are most useful in this group, a conclusion that has been
      reached by other methods of analysis. The myocardial scintiscan is much more
      useful than the exercise ECG in women. When CAD is strongly suspected, exercise
      tests have relatively little diagnostic value but may be useful for prognosis.
      However, clinical evidence of poor ventricular function may alone suffice to
      select patients with angina pectoris for coronary arteriography. Conversely, when
      clinical indicators of congestive heart failure are absent, the prognosis in
      chronic stable angina is so favorable that any further testing may be
      unnecessary. Screening asymptomatic persons for CAD is a very low yield practice.
      Patients who have no cardiac risk factors (hypercholesterolemia, family history
      of CAD, cigarette smoking, and hypertension) are at especially low risk of a
      primary cardiac event. Older men with stable typical angina are particularly
      likely to have left main coronary artery stenosis or three-vessel disease with
      poor ventricular function. The exercise ECG can identify groups of older men with
      a relatively high risk of having left main coronary artery stenosis. Physicians
      should be cautious when applying these recommendations to a primary care
      practice. The foregoing analysis is based on data obtained from patients who had
      been selected for coronary arteriography. There are two principal effects of
      biased selection of study patients: The pretest probability of CAD in clinical
      subgroups is probably lower than as shown here.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3853513
TI  - [Pathogenesis and clinical aspects of acute appendicitis].

PMID- 3853512
TI  - Ethyl esters of N-(3- and N-(4-amidinobenzoyl)(-L-)amino acids: synthesis and
      antiproteolytic activity towards bovine trypsin and porcine pancreatic
      kallikrein.
AB  - Ethyl esters of N-(3- and N-(4-amidinobenzoyl)(-L-)amino acids (namely, glycine,
      alanine, valine, leucine and phenylalanine) were synthesized and their inhibitory
      effect on the bovine trypsin and porcine pancreatic kallikrein catalyzed
      hydrolysis of p-nitroanilides of amino acids was investigated, at pH 8.1 and 37
      degrees, in parallel with the effect of ethyl and/or methyl esters of N-benzoyl(
      L-)amino acids and benzamidine. For both proteinases, the inhibitory effect of
      ethyl esters of N-(3- and N-(4-amidinobenzoyl)(-L-)amino acids is independent of
      the aminoacidic side chain, is closely similar to that of benzamidine (which
      binds at the S1 subsite of the proteinases examined and is commonly taken as a
      molecular inhibitor-model), and is higher by at least 10-fold than that of ethyl
      and/or methyl esters of N-benzoyl(-L-)amino acids (depending on the aminoacidic
      residue). On structural grounds, the peculiar inhibitory behaviour of ethyl
      esters of N-(3- and N-(4-amidinobenzoyl)(-L-)amino acids has been related to the
      interaction of the positively charged substituent at the N-position with the
      Asp189 residue present in the primary specificity subsite (S1) of bovine trypsin
      and porcine pancreatic kallikrein. The consistently lower affinity for porcine
      pancreatic kallikrein of all the inhibitors considered, as compared to bovine
      trypsin, may be related to the marked structural differences of the primary
      specificity subsite of these two serine proteinases.

PMID- 3853514
TI  - [Klinefelter's syndrome].

PMID- 3853515
TI  - [Tumors of the adrenal cortex].

PMID- 3853516
TI  - [Causes of hypoacusis in children and the means for its prevention].

PMID- 3853517
TI  - [Nonrheumatic carditis in children].

PMID- 3853518
TI  - [Characteristics of ECG recording during medical first aid].

PMID- 3853519
TI  - [Uterine myoma initiating a spontaneous abortion].

PMID- 3853520
TI  - [The gastralgic variant of myocardial infarct. Heart block].

PMID- 3853521
TI  - [Anti-alcohol hygiene education in school].

PMID- 3853522
TI  - [Supplementary grounds for the abrogation of a labor agreement].

PMID- 3853524
TI  - The impact of titling and licensure on nursing education.

PMID- 3853523
TI  - [Legal and ethical problems related to new diagnostic and treatment methods].

PMID- 3853526
TI  - Equipment--choosing a chair.

PMID- 3853525
TI  - Circulating human leucocyte elastase in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - The plasma concentration of human leucocyte elastase (HLE), measured by enzyme
      immunoassay as the complex with alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, was determined in
      94 patients with active and inactive inflammatory bowel disease. In Crohn's
      disease and in ulcerative colitis human leucocyte elastase levels were raised
      significantly above normal when the disease was active, and fell on remission.
      The mean human leucocyte elastase level in 31 cases of active Crohn's disease was
      significantly greater than the mean human leucocyte elastase level in 23 patients
      with active ulcerative colitis (p = 0.013). The values of human leucocyte
      elastase correlated significantly with Crohn's disease activity index scores (p =
      0.05) and with the circulating concentration of C-reactive protein (p less than
      0.05 and p less than 0.01 for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease
      respectively), but not with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. These results
      indicate that the concentration of human leucocyte elastase in the plasma of
      patients with inflammatory bowel disease reflects the activity of their
      intestinal disease and suggest that serial measurements of human leucocyte
      elastase may be useful in the assessment and clinical management of these
      conditions.

PMID- 3853527
TI  - A personal experience of ageing.

PMID- 3853528
TI  - Nursing in paradise.

PMID- 3853529
TI  - Duty rotas--a change for the better?

PMID- 3853530
TI  - [Horton's disease].

PMID- 3853531
TI  - [Calcium].

PMID- 3853532
TI  - [Varicose veins of the lower extremities].

PMID- 3853533
TI  - [Magnesium in 1985].

PMID- 3853534
TI  - [Esophageal cancer].

PMID- 3853535
TI  - The Commission of inquiry on health and related social services: a heavy workload
      for our Corporation.

PMID- 3853537
TI  - My solidarity towards patients. Interview by Guylaine Campion.

PMID- 3853536
TI  - Deductible cash payments.

PMID- 3853539
TI  - Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3853538
TI  - [Vision disorders in children].

PMID- 3853540
TI  - [The Michel Sarrazin House: tenderness from the first...].

PMID- 3853541
TI  - [The Charles LeMoyne Hospital support an equality program to aid addicted
      employees].

PMID- 3853542
TI  - Women, health and culture.

PMID- 3853543
TI  - Using grounded theory methodology to study women's culturally based decisions
      about health.

PMID- 3853544
TI  - Culturally induced stress during childbearing: the Philipino-American experience.

PMID- 3853545
TI  - A comparison of culturally approved behaviors and beliefs between Philipina
      immigrant women, U.S.-born dominant culture women, and Western female nurses of
      the San Francisco Bay area: religiosity of health care.

PMID- 3853546
TI  - Culture shock and the working woman: surviving West Coast to Northern Louisiana
      relocation.

PMID- 3853547
TI  - Women's health and the self-care paradox: a model to guide self-care readiness.

PMID- 3853548
TI  - Women's health and the self-care paradox: case study and analysis.

PMID- 3853549
TI  - Teaching transcultural nursing in Louisiana from the ground up: strategies for
      heightening student awareness.

PMID- 3853550
TI  - the cultural decision-making model: focus--circumcision.

PMID- 3853551
TI  - The ethno-market theory: factors influencing childbearing health practices of
      Northern Louisiana black women.

PMID- 3853552
TI  - The Vietnamese woman: health/illness attitude and behaviors.

PMID- 3853553
TI  - Ideology and illness experiences of women in Guatemala.

PMID- 3853554
TI  - Perceptions of problematic behavior by Southern female black fundamentalists and
      mental health professionals.

PMID- 3853555
TI  - Prevention and health care.

PMID- 3853556
TI  - New models for women's health care.

PMID- 3853557
TI  - Collaborative approaches using traditional and nontraditional providers of
      women's health care in the Philippines.

PMID- 3853558
TI  - Health problems of women in Jamaica.

PMID- 3853559
TI  - My body, my self.

PMID- 3853560
TI  - Effects on elderly women's self-care in case of acute hospitalization as compared
      with men.

PMID- 3853561
TI  - Women's health: directions for the 1980s.

PMID- 3853562
TI  - Large scale isolation and some properties of AGY-specific serine tRNA from bovine
      heart mitochondria.
AB  - A method was developed for large scale isolation of AGY-specific serine tRNA
      (tRNASerAGY) from bovine heart mitochondria. By this method, 5 A260 units of
      tRNASerAGY were recovered from 6.3 kg of bovine hearts. The nucleotide sequence
      was identical to that reported previously. tRNASerAGY showed abnormal melting
      profiles, as was predicted from its unique primary sequence. Its secondary and/or
      tertiary structure was analyzed by nuclease digestion method. It was suggested
      that three extra base pairs could occur in the anticodon stem region, with one
      adenosine residue protruding. The T loop was quite sensitive to nuclease S1,
      suggesting that the T loop doesn't interact with other regions. This finding is
      consistent with the model proposed by Sundaralingam (1980). tRNASerAGY was
      aminoacylated in vitro with only mitochondrial enzyme but not with the enzymes
      from E. coli and yeast. The aminoacylation rate of tRNASerAGY with mitochondrial
      enzyme was much faster than that of cytosolic tRNASerUCN, perhaps reflecting
      differences due to the presence and absence of the D arm of the tRNAs.

PMID- 3853564
TI  - The education of nurses: a new dispensation. The report of the RCN Commission on
      Nursing Education.

PMID- 3853565
TI  - Sisters in Dutch hospitals.
AB  - This study focuses on hospital sisters in 30 Dutch hospitals. The so-called role
      set approach has been adopted. In this approach the sisters are the focal
      persons. Direct superiors, specialists, registered nurses and student nurses
      acted as role-senders. The possible number of respondents is 600 (120 of each
      group). The response of hospital sisters is 100%, that of role-senders 88%. The
      study started out as an attempt to collect background information on the causes
      of wastage of sisters. High wastage rates are generally regarded as an indication
      of an unfavourable working environment. Since hospital sisters occupy a key
      position in hospitals, the ward problems will be studied from their angle.
      Although wastage rates have dropped recently, it does not necessarily follow that
      the working environment has improved. Wastage is known to act as a safety valve,
      thus allowing tensions to resolve. The threat of unemployment clogs this outlet,
      which increases the tensions on the hospital ward. Data from the study show that
      work overload is one of the major stress factors for sisters. Analyses
      demonstrated that there exists a relationship between work overload and tensions
      with the management and direct superiors, tensions in job execution,
      irritableness on the ward, low self-esteem, health complaints and psychological
      condition. Sisters with an excessive job involvement refer to work overload more
      often than their moderate colleagues. There is a relationship between an
      unfavourable working environment and irritableness of sisters.

PMID- 3853563
TI  - Nerve growth factor biosynthesis: isolation and characterization of a guinea pig
      prostate kallikrein.
AB  - Guinea pig prostate contains one major soluble esteropeptidase activity. The
      protein has been purified and characterized and found to be a glycoprotein
      comprised of a single polypeptide chain. The molecular has a similar Km for
      lysine and arginine synthetic substrates, although the Vmax for arginine is much
      greater than that for lysine. Amino-terminal sequence analysis has also revealed
      a marked degree of homology to mouse gamma-nerve growth factor (NGF) and the
      kallikrein family of serine proteases. In contrast to gamma-NGF, however, the
      guinea pig enzyme does not appear to form stable complexes with beta-NGF.

PMID- 3853566
TI  - Loss and grief reactions as responses to surgery.
AB  - Using autobiographical material, the patient experience of major surgery
      (panproctocolectomy and ileostomy) is described. A number of stages are
      identified in the patient experience: the development of dependence before
      surgery; disconnectedness from the social world immediately after surgery; and
      reality shock as grief and loss became apparent. The data are analysed using a
      theoretical perspective originally developed to describe reactions to
      bereavement. The practical nursing and counselling implications deriving from the
      theoretical model are elaborated.

PMID- 3853567
TI  - Antecedents of baccalaureate student nurses' attitudes toward the elderly.
AB  - The relationship between certain psychosocial characteristics of 122
      baccalaureate nursing students and their attitudes toward the elderly was
      determined using multiple stepwise regression. Collectively the psychosocial
      characteristics accounted for 11-14% of the variance in attitude scores on four
      of the seven attitude dimensions, specifically, realistic toughness toward the
      elderly, anxiety about ageing, family responsibility and unfavourable
      stereotyping of the elderly.

PMID- 3853568
TI  - A study to determine what variables predict institutionalization of elderly
      people.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine which variables distinguish newly
      institutionalized elderly people from elderly people able to remain in the
      community. The findings suggest that old age and lack of a social support network
      are major predictors of institutionalization rather than health and social
      variables.

PMID- 3853569
TI  - A baseline study for the development of an instrument for the assessment of pain.
AB  - This study was designed to establish a foundation for the further development of
      a pain assessment tool for use in clinical practice. It was earlier reported that
      there existed a significant difference in the intensity of the words pain, ache
      and hurt and that each of these concepts had their own specific sensory and
      affective word descriptors. This study was designed to: 1 find out if the above
      results could be verified by using subjects with a different background from
      those included in the previous study; 2 determine the intensity of word
      descriptors; and 3 determine if patients, nurses and nursing students use the
      same word descriptors to describe pain-like experiences. Pain assessment tools
      used were the McGill Pain Questionnaire, a visual analogue scale and a pain, ache
      and hurt questionnaire. The results of the earlier reported study were confirmed.
      In addition, a significant difference was found in intensity of the word
      descriptors. Patients, nurses and nursing students used basically the same word
      descriptor to describe pain-like experiences. The sensory word descriptors
      (crushing, sharp, tearing, cutting, penetrating, gnawing, dull, pulling, sore,
      stinging, pricking and pinching) and the affective word descriptors (dreadful,
      torturing, killing, unbearable, terrifying, suffocating, exhausting, unhappy,
      troublesome, annoying, irritating and fearful) are suggested as a foundation upon
      which a pain assessment tool could be developed for use in clinical practice.

PMID- 3853570
TI  - Evaluating handwashing technique.
AB  - Though standards for handwashing have been defined, little effort has been made
      to assess the quality of handwashing in clinical settings. This paper describes
      tests of reliability and validity of tools to evaluate two aspects of handwashing
      -appropriateness and technique. Based on these tests, methods to evaluate
      handwashing are recommended.

PMID- 3853571
TI  - Nursing theory: a vehicle of professionalization?
AB  - Nursing's bid for professional status has been and continues to be a hotly
      debated issue. Much of the debate rests upon the question of what exactly the
      word professional implies, for many nurses do in fact consider themselves to be
      professionals while others would disagree. This paper suggests that nursing is
      not a profession but it is engaged in the process of professionalizing. A
      professionalizing occupation utilizes various vehicles to reach its own ends and,
      for nursing, it is suggested that the development of nursing theory at basic and
      complex levels is one such vehicle. Selected professional criteria are examined
      and it is shown that nursing theory development aids in the attainment of these
      criteria, thereby allowing nursing to become more professionalized.

PMID- 3853572
TI  - The feasibility of students with a predominantly arts educational background
      coping with the physiology component of a university nursing degree programme.
AB  - In this paper the authors discuss their experiences in admitting students with an
      arts 'A' (advanced) level General Certificate of Education background to an
      undergraduate nursing degree course. Firstly, the implications of students'
      different cognitive styles, both professionally and in teaching, are examined.
      Secondly, there is a description of an introductory course that has been used to
      assist students in the arts-science transition. Finally, the performance of
      'arts' students, in a physiology course over a 6-year period is described,
      analysed and discussed. The proposition emerges that arts students may be
      disadvantaged initially by having not only a lack of knowledge in physiology, but
      a different cognitive style to science specialists. The results of the students'
      examination performance over 6 years suggests that with the provision of only a
      limited amount of special help 'arts' students can perform as well as the
      'science' students in physiology examinations. Other variables which may have
      contributed to this positive outcome are discussed.

PMID- 3853573
TI  - The impact of client selection on clinical teaching.
AB  - Inclusion of gerontological nursing in curricula is emerging as an issue of
      concern to faculty of schools of nursing. Using research findings which view the
      setting and client selection as major determinants of learning outcomes, faculty
      are experimenting with teaching strategies which support a positive more
      realistic view of the elderly and their inherent potential and motivation for
      health. This paper examines the learning outcomes about ageing of a senior
      clinical experience at the baccalaureate level directed toward learning to nurse
      the elderly in a responsive and health promoting manner. Students were provided
      with an opportunity to become comfortable working with the elderly and their
      families in order to: 1 increase their level of knowledge about the process of
      ageing; and 2 incorporate this knowledge within a nursing framework by
      identifying critical aspects of development used in the health assessment of the
      elderly. The method of study was primarily experiential in nature with each
      student making a series of home visits over a 3-month period to one selected
      client family. Two groups of clients participated in the programme: clients in
      group A were maintaining themselves in their own homes, were not anticipating
      institutionalization and were in good health; clients in group B were in hospital
      for treatment of a major health problem but would be recuperating in their own
      homes. By using Palmore's Facts on Ageing Quiz, it was determined that client
      selection did in fact make a difference vis-a-vis learning outcomes about ageing
      and the aged.

PMID- 3853574
TI  - The needs of families who care for patients with cancer at home: are we meeting
      them?
AB  - A diagnosis of cancer in a family member has an impact on the entire unit. A
      study was conducted to determine needs perceived by families as they met the care
      requirements of such patients, to assess how families coped with these needs and
      to determine the resources they utilized. Families were selected from a
      stratified random sampling of patients who were receiving treatment at a local
      cancer clinic. Classification was by sex and site of disease. Families were
      interviewed in their homes. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the
      data. Chi-square test of independence was conducted on selective qualitative
      variables. Eighty-three family members consisting of 43 males and 40 females with
      average ages 53 and 54 years respectively participated in the investigation.
      Families needed assistance with the physical care of patients. As many as 31% of
      them were coping poorly with this area of care. There were also several unmet
      needs in the psychosocial domain. The need most frequently expressed by families
      was for a place where they could turn to discuss their fears. Nineteen (23%) of
      the families knew of community services they could call on for assistance. Only
      seven (8%) of the families had utilized these services. These results suggest
      that fresh approaches might be needed in order to achieve our goal of family
      focused care.

PMID- 3853575
TI  - Does aging magnify the danger of burn injury? Part 2.

PMID- 3853577
TI  - Acute care patients can stay active.

PMID- 3853576
TI  - What are the health practices of retired career women.

PMID- 3853579
TI  - Food preference surveys work!

PMID- 3853578
TI  - Possible renal effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 3853580
TI  - Convey respect during bathing procedures.

PMID- 3853581
TI  - Influence of mevinolin on metabolism of low density lipoproteins in primary
      moderate hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - Mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A
      reductase, was used for treatment of 12 patients with moderate
      hypercholesterolemia, but not classical familial hypercholesterolemia. For most
      patients, measurements of turnover of low density lipoprotein-apolipoprotein B
      (LDL-apoB) were made on placebo and during treatment with two doses of mevinolin.
      LDL turnover was determined after injection of autologous 125I-labeled
      radioiodinated LDL. Compared to placebo, a low dose of mevinolin (10 mg, twice
      daily (BID] caused reductions of plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol
      averaging 15% and 20%, respectively; corresponding reductions on high doses of
      mevinolin (20 mg BID) were 22% and 31%, respectively. Triglyceride levels were
      unchanged by the drug. High density lipoprotein cholesterol levels rose
      significantly on the high dose, but not on the low dose. Neither dose produced a
      stastistically significant change in fractional catabolic rate (FCR) for LDL-apoB
      for the whole group, although several patients had increases in FCR on both
      doses. In contrast, both doses of mevinolin caused decreases in production rates
      of LDL-apoB. Thus, the fall in LDL levels in patients with moderate
      hypercholesterolemia can be explained more by a reduction in the input rate of
      LDL-apoB than by enhanced fractional removal of LDL from the circulation.

PMID- 3853582
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging: new horizon in diagnostic techniques.
AB  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as a new diagnostic technology has the capacity
      for both imaging of body tissues or organs in action and spectroscopy which
      examines the chemistry of individual cells in health and disease. The principles
      and application of imaging without the use of ionizing radiation are presented.
      Potential hazards associated with magnetic resonance imaging center primarily
      around metal implants, metal prosthesis, and cardiac pacemakers. While this
      scanning is considered a painless procedure, there are several areas where
      patient teaching and support are important.

PMID- 3853584
TI  - Pineal region brain tumors.
AB  - Pineal region brain tumors occur in and around the pineal gland, a small cone
      shaped structure in the posterior portion of the diencephalon. Pineal tumors can
      be divided into four basic categories: 1) germ cell tumors, 2) pineal tumors, 3)
      supporting cell tumors, and 4) cysts, or non-malignant conditions. Germinomas,
      one type of germ cell tumors, are the most common type of pineal region tumor. In
      overall incidence, pineal region tumors are relatively uncommon; however, because
      these tumors are mainly diagnosed in childhood and young adulthood, the incidence
      in that age group has been reported as high as nine percent. Pathophysiology and
      signs and symptoms are discussed as well as medical treatment and nursing care.
      The case study is a presentation of a 22-year-old male with a pineal region
      tumor.

PMID- 3853583
TI  - Risk factors associated with ulnar nerve compression in bedridden patients.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of ulnar nerve compression
      in patients on bedrest and to determine which historical risk factors and
      assessment measures were most predictive of ulnar nerve compression. Thirty
      subjects were chosen from the orthopedic, neurological/neurosurgical, and
      rehabilitation units of two teaching hospitals. The incidence of ulnar nerve
      compression in this population was 23 percent (seven cases). The overall
      incidence of compression was then compared with the incidence of subjects having
      certain risk factors. A combination of two risk factors in subjects carried a
      greater relative risk of ulnar nerve compression than the presence of single risk
      factors alone. Using multiple regression analysis, the best multivariate model
      consisted of four variables which explained 72.8 percent of the variance in ulnar
      nerve compression. The findings suggest the use of an elbow flexion test and
      simple questioning as a method for screening patients at higher risk of ulnar
      nerve compression.

PMID- 3853586
TI  - Children of alcoholic families. A group treatment approach for latency age
      children.

PMID- 3853585
TI  - Professional nursing care of the patient with increased intracranial pressure:
      planned or 'hit and miss'?
AB  - Consistent and conscientious nursing care and assessments are known to have
      significant impact on the morbidity and mortality associated with increased
      intracranial pressure. These authors reviewed 100 charts to assess the
      documentation of nursing care for patients with actual or potential increased
      intracranial pressure. When their audit revealed fragmented and inconsistent
      documentation, they published and inserviced general guidelines (a standard care
      plan) utilizing nursing diagnoses. The audit criteria and subsequent standard
      care plan are provided in this article. Questions which were raised during the
      endeavor are presented as suggested areas for future nursing research.

PMID- 3853587
TI  - The crisis home. Sheltering patients in emotional crisis.

PMID- 3853588
TI  - Group support for the families of psychiatric patients.
AB  - The use of such a group model would seem to be useful for all families of
      psychiatric patients, and most particularly, for families experiencing an initial
      hospitalization episode. The benefit of mutual support, it is concluded, is a
      powerful and effective means of meeting the needs of families during the
      hospitalization phase of the patient's illness.

PMID- 3853589
TI  - Conflict detour. Therapist at work.

PMID- 3853590
TI  - From wife to widow. Role transition in the elderly.

PMID- 3853591
TI  - Sensitivity of Salmonella and Shigella to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents
      in Sudan.
AB  - Antibacterial sensitivity tests were done for 513 salmonellae and 133 shigellae.
      Salmonella strains were divided into three groups: 336 Salmonella typhi, 134
      salmonellae isolated from cases of gastroenteritis and 43 salmonellae isolated
      from non-human sources. All salmonellae and shigellae were sensitive to
      chloramphenicol. All salmonellae were sensitive to co-trimoxazole, while
      shigellae showed 18% of resistance. Salmonella resistance to ampicillin was low
      compared with a high resistance in shigellae. No resistance to from non-human
      sources. In analysing the resistance pattern in the 4-year period 1979-1982, it
      was found that there was a rising resistance to ampicillin and sulphonamides in
      salmonellae. In contrast there was no significant increase in resistance to
      tetracycline. Tetracycline resistance was high in cases of salmonellae isolated
      from gastroenteritis. A comparatively low resistance to streptomycin was detected
      in Salmonella isolated from non-human sources.

PMID- 3853592
TI  - [Types of head injuries and their clinical symptoms].

PMID- 3853593
TI  - [Management and keypoints in the care of patients with head injuries on
      admission].

PMID- 3853594
TI  - [Procedures in the diagnosis of head injuries--diagnostic methods and
      determination of surgical indications].

PMID- 3853595
TI  - [Nursing of patients with head injuries at admission--practice of nursing at
      patients' arrival].

PMID- 3853596
TI  - [Coordination of the care of patients with head injuries--correlation of the
      emergency care until surgery].

PMID- 3853597
TI  - [Major postoperative complications in head injuries and their management].

PMID- 3853598
TI  - [Postoperative care of patients with subdural hematoma].

PMID- 3853600
TI  - [Postoperative care of patients with a fracture of the base of the skull].

PMID- 3853599
TI  - [Postoperative care of patients with subdural hematoma].

PMID- 3853601
TI  - [Nursing of patients with cognition disorders due to head injuries--physical
      stimulation and its effects].

PMID- 3853602
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with cognition disturbance due to a head injury].

PMID- 3853603
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with a head injury with complications].

PMID- 3853604
TI  - [Nursing of patients with head injuries and associated mental disorders].

PMID- 3853605
TI  - [Nursing of an aged patient with a head injury undergoing craniotomy].

PMID- 3853606
TI  - [Nursing of a child with subarachnoid hemorrhage and brain contusion due to a
      head injury].

PMID- 3853607
TI  - [Social work for patients with head injuries--psychological and social problems
      and the practice of assistance].

PMID- 3853608
TI  - [Delivery by cesarean section and the care of the patient].

PMID- 3853609
TI  - [Cesarean section and the practice of nursing].

PMID- 3853610
TI  - [Surgical treatment of phantom limb].

PMID- 3853611
TI  - [Multiple organ failure--lung disorders].

PMID- 3853613
TI  - [New dental care using lasers].

PMID- 3853612
TI  - [Chorionic villi sampling for the diagnosis of fetal anomalies].

PMID- 3853614
TI  - [Aberrant food habits and psychophysiological disturbances].

PMID- 3853615
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with chronic liver disease associated with liver cancer-
      nursing of the patient with postoperative complications and his awareness of the
      nature of the illness].

PMID- 3853616
TI  - [Care of the urinary stoma (11). The practice of stoma care].

PMID- 3853617
TI  - Contraction independent of extracellular Ca by sodium vanadate in guinea-pig vas
      deferens.
AB  - The effects of Ca removal and Ca antagonists on sodium vanadate-induced
      contractions of the guinea-pig vas deferens were studied. Sodium vanadate-induced
      tension development could be observed even 120 minutes after the removal of Ca,
      whereas K-contracture disappeared within 20 minutes. Spontaneous contractions
      induced by sodium vanadate were abolished by the removal of Ca. Verapamil and
      nifedipine did not show any effect on sodium vanadate-induced contraction,
      contrastingly, they blocked spontaneous contractions initiated by sodium
      vanadate. The effects of sodium vanadate on Ca contracture of depolarized
      preparations were also studied. Though the drug potentiated phasic contraction,
      it did not potentiate tonic component of Ca contracture. It was demonstrated that
      sodium vanadate induced tension development independently of extracellular Ca,
      presumably by releasing intracellularly bound Ca.

PMID- 3853619
TI  - Holidays--feast or fast?

PMID- 3853618
TI  - Effects of sodium vanadate on the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig vas deferens.
AB  - Effects of sodium vanadate on electrical and mechanical activities of smooth
      muscle of the guinea-pig vas deferens were investigated. Sodium vanadate of
      concentrations higher than 5 X 10(-6) M caused an elevation of basal tension and,
      at concentrations higher than 5 X 10(-4) M, initiated spontaneous contractions.
      These effects were not blocked by treatments with reserpine, tetrodotoxin or
      phentolamine. Treatment with ouabain also did not block the tension development
      by sodium vanadate. Sodium vanadate caused slight depolarization of membrane and
      potentiated spike activities. The phasic contraction of potassium contracture was
      potentiated by sodium vanadate in a similar manner to pretreatment with 15 mM K+
      or with ouabain, both treatments occasioning slight depolarization. Sodium
      vanadate also caused tension development in K-depolarized preparetions.
      Contrastingly, drug-induced contractions were not significantly affected by
      sodium vanadate. It is suggested that sodium vanadate acts directly on smooth
      muscles and causes tension development without relation to Na, K-ATPase activity.
      Changes in the membrane electrical activities may be part of the cause of
      contraction. However, it can also initiate tension development without membrane
      potential changes, presumably acting on intracellular Ca binding sites.

PMID- 3853620
TI  - Chemotherapy and home health care--special-touch nursing.

PMID- 3853621
TI  - Oncology nursing in Kansas: development, practice and roles.

PMID- 3853622
TI  - [Nurse manpower in the 2000s].

PMID- 3853623
TI  - [Nursing education in the 2000s].

PMID- 3853624
TI  - [Psychosocial nursing care of the patient with acute bleeding].

PMID- 3853625
TI  - [Nursing care of the patient with acute bleeding--panel discussion].

PMID- 3853626
TI  - [The nurse specialist].

PMID- 3853628
TI  - [Clinical nephrology nurse specialist and its perspectives in our country].

PMID- 3853627
TI  - [Trends in cancer nursing and the clinical nurse specialist].

PMID- 3853629
TI  - [Knowledge of and attitude toward anemia during pregnancy].

PMID- 3853630
TI  - [A study of the utilization of part-time nurses for work].

PMID- 3853631
TI  - [Nursing in the 2000s].

PMID- 3853632
TI  - [Theoretical approach to family therapy in Korea. I].

PMID- 3853633
TI  - [An experience in psychiatric care. Alternative towards professional autonomy].

PMID- 3853634
TI  - [8th meeting of the Work Group of European Nurse Researchers in Vienna, 22-24
      September 1985. Research and teaching: what will be their future?].

PMID- 3853635
TI  - [Nursing care in psychiatry. The stage of semiprofessionalization].

PMID- 3853636
TI  - [Profession and professional image. No more acting in the background].

PMID- 3853637
TI  - [Infant health counseling nurse. An example from practice. Knowledge for mind
      heart and hand].

PMID- 3853638
TI  - [How does one become an infant health counseling nurse?].

PMID- 3853639
TI  - [2 arrangements in Vienna. The aim of nursing research is better care of the
      sick].

PMID- 3853640
TI  - [Evaluation of the first professionally-organized faculty education. A good
      foundation for the future].

PMID- 3853641
TI  - [Resuscitation in today's clinical practice].

PMID- 3853642
TI  - [Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy].

PMID- 3853643
TI  - [What is phytotherapy--possibilities and limitations].

PMID- 3853644
TI  - [Origins and forms of the hyperkinesis syndrome].

PMID- 3853645
TI  - Clinical analysis and experimental observation on acupuncture and moxibustion
      treatment of patellar tendon terminal disease in athletes.

PMID- 3853646
TI  - Clinical study on 500 cases of cerebro-vascular hemiplegia treated by acupuncture
      through baihui to qubin.

PMID- 3853647
TI  - Effects of wu-ling-san on alcohol metabolism and alcoholic liver.

PMID- 3853648
TI  - The treatment of mental retardation in children by tonifying the kidney.

PMID- 3853649
TI  - Clinical observation on treatment of disorders of the optic nerve by acupuncture.

PMID- 3853650
TI  - The mechanism of muscular internal dynamic force in the treatment of femoral
      shaft fracture by integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

PMID- 3853651
TI  - Experimental observation of the effects of heat-reinforcing and cold-reducing
      manipulations.

PMID- 3853652
TI  - Introductory remarks on the clinical application of moxibustion.

PMID- 3853654
TI  - [Imagination and something like nursing].

PMID- 3853655
TI  - [Encounter with literature and the nursing mind].

PMID- 3853653
TI  - Nine years' experience in acupuncture & moxibustion therapy.

PMID- 3853656
TI  - [For nurses who want to write things such as poems, drama, novels, etc.; nurses
      are witnesses of reality of people and the era].

PMID- 3853657
TI  - [Responsibility of nursing; through quantitative research on patients',
      physicians' and nurses' concept of nursing].

PMID- 3853658
TI  - [Humanization of sciences and women's studies; case of the field of psychology
      (discussion). II].

PMID- 3853659
TI  - [STAT: Special Techniques in Assertiveness Training for Women in the Health
      Professions].

PMID- 3853660
TI  - [On-the-job training of staff nurses in the nursing process].

PMID- 3853661
TI  - [Instruction of students' practice of nursing in alcohol dependence unit].

PMID- 3853662
TI  - [Methods and effects in teaching "the technic of physical examination of the
      adult" to student nurses].

PMID- 3853664
TI  - [On privacy relating to the patient].

PMID- 3853663
TI  - [A method to instruct the students in case studies of nursing].

PMID- 3853665
TI  - [Staff education about patient's privacy].

PMID- 3853666
TI  - [Problems with invasion of privacy from using computers in health care systems].

PMID- 3853668
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with pain on bed rest. A study of the interaction of the
      nurse with the pain patient].

PMID- 3853667
TI  - [Responsibility of health personnel to protect patients' privacy].

PMID- 3853669
TI  - [Being a nurse and being a woman. 10].

PMID- 3853670
TI  - [STAT; Special Techniques in Assertiveness Training for Women in the Health
      Professions. 4].

PMID- 3853672
TI  - [Home visit practice for nursing students].

PMID- 3853671
TI  - [Analysis of nursing services using a work sampling method].

PMID- 3853673
TI  - [Progress in students nurses' ability to observe patient].

PMID- 3853674
TI  - [Teacher's involvement in the process learning helping behavior].

PMID- 3853675
TI  - [Competence in clinical nursing which nursing instructors are expected to
      possess].

PMID- 3853676
TI  - [Problems in education of nursing arts].

PMID- 3853677
TI  - [Tasks in teachers' teaching; from the viewpoint of special nursing education].

PMID- 3853678
TI  - [Teachers' ability in clinical nursing].

PMID- 3853679
TI  - [Unification model of practice, education and research].

PMID- 3853680
TI  - [Assessment and care of the patient with pain].

PMID- 3853681
TI  - [Being a nurse and a woman].

PMID- 3853682
TI  - [STAT: Special Techniques in Assertiveness Training for Women in the Health
      Professions].

PMID- 3853683
TI  - [The current status of nursing studies at Sangyo Medical University].

PMID- 3853684
TI  - [Research on learning program in bandaging].

PMID- 3853685
TI  - [Research on school attendance of students of nursing courses].

PMID- 3853686
TI  - [Physiopathology of Kawasaki disease and daily activities and prognosis of the
      affected children].

PMID- 3853687
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic processes for children with Kawasaki disease].

PMID- 3853688
TI  - [Keypoints in nursing observation of children with Kawasaki disease].

PMID- 3853689
TI  - [Nursing plans for children with Kawasaki disease].

PMID- 3853690
TI  - [Nursing of a child in an acute stage of Kawasaki disease associated with severe
      heart disease].

PMID- 3853691
TI  - [Response to the needs of patients in early infancy and their mothers. A
      discussion].

PMID- 3853692
TI  - [A lesson in psychiatric nursing: a report. Creation of "stained glass" windows
      using cellophane--improvement of the environment through recreational
      activities].

PMID- 3853693
TI  - [Nursing of a schizophrenic patient with accentuated stereotyped behaviors and a
      difficulty in participating in group activities].

PMID- 3853695
TI  - [Interactions with a dying cancer patient: enjoyment of life with a single
      cigarette].

PMID- 3853694
TI  - [A lesson in interactions with a leukemic child who refused medication].

PMID- 3853696
TI  - [Test yourself. Nursing of a primigravida with labor induction due to prolonged
      pregnancy--throughout the periods of pregnancy and delivery].

PMID- 3853697
TI  - [Care of aged patients following discharge from hospitals].

PMID- 3853698
TI  - [Family problems concerning aged patients being discharged from the hospital].

PMID- 3853699
TI  - [Aged patients without families and problems at their discharge: a need of
      continuing nursing].

PMID- 3853700
TI  - [Home visiting to find the progress of aged patients following hospital
      discharge].

PMID- 3853701
TI  - [Nursing of a young insulin-dependent patient to improve self care--diet
      education of a patient who was impatient and unreceptive to health instructions].

PMID- 3853702
TI  - [Physiopathology of SLE and daily activities and prognosis of SLE patients].

PMID- 3853703
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic processes for patients with SLE].

PMID- 3853704
TI  - [Keypoints in nursing observation of SLE patients].

PMID- 3853705
TI  - [Nursing plans for SLE patients].

PMID- 3853706
TI  - [Nursing of an SLE patient who developed a difficulty in walking and was
      hospitalized for the 5th time].

PMID- 3853707
TI  - [Nursing of SLE patients. A discussion. Possible misunderstanding between the
      patient and nursing personnel].

PMID- 3853708
TI  - [Nursing report: psychological care of patients. Exchange of diaries to detect
      the patient's apprehension].

PMID- 3853709
TI  - [Nursing report: psychological care of patients. Interactions with a child who
      refused to go to school--interactions through inhospital classes, assistance
      toward return to a local school, and progress thereafter].

PMID- 3853710
TI  - [Assistance in extension of ADL of a patient with a mild cognition disorder--a
      patient after the third apoplexy attack].

PMID- 3853711
TI  - [Test yourself. Nursing of an HBAg-positive puerperal patient].

PMID- 3853712
TI  - [Nursing of an adolescent patient with anorexia nervosa--reinforcement of
      positive behaviors leading to normal eating].

PMID- 3853713
TI  - [Understanding of daily activities which leads to psychological understanding].

PMID- 3853715
TI  - [Nursing deeply rooted in patients' lives].

PMID- 3853714
TI  - [Education and training of diabetic patients for daily diabetic control].

PMID- 3853716
TI  - [Interactions with a dying cancer patient. The importance of honest communication
      between the patient and nursing personnel superceding the question of the
      disclosure of the nature of illness].

PMID- 3853717
TI  - Cutaneous melanoma: differential diagnosis.

PMID- 3853718
TI  - Antidepressants and the cardiovascular system.

PMID- 3853719
TI  - CPR: a survey of Maryland hospitals.

PMID- 3853720
TI  - Cardiac arrest: it happened to me.

PMID- 3853721
TI  - Congenital cardiovascular malformations in the Baltimore-Washington area.

PMID- 3853722
TI  - The many faces of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3853724
TI  - [Work prognosis of patients with postthrombophlebitis disease of the lower
      extremities].

PMID- 3853723
TI  - A caricaturist's view of French physicians.

PMID- 3853725
TI  - [Work prognosis of patients following an endoprosthetic operation on the hip
      joint].

PMID- 3853726
TI  - [Hypertensive syndrome in kidney diseases in children and its treatment].

PMID- 3853727
TI  - [Physiotherapy in the treatment of chronic tonsillitis].

PMID- 3853728
TI  - [Point massage and its use in nervous system diseases].

PMID- 3853729
TI  - [Tasks of the paramedical team in the medical exercise therapy service].

PMID- 3853730
TI  - [Method of preparing for venepuncture in the case of insufficiently developed
      veins].

PMID- 3853731
TI  - [Care of subclavian catheters].

PMID- 3853732
TI  - [Performing disinfection in outpatient polyclinical institutions].

PMID- 3853733
TI  - [Disinfection of patient care items and medical instruments].

PMID- 3853734
TI  - [Methods and agents for disinfecting the apparatus for inhalation anesthesia and
      artificial pulmonary ventilation].

PMID- 3853735
TI  - [Organization of the nurses's work in school].

PMID- 3853736
TI  - [Migraine].

PMID- 3853737
TI  - [Freckles].

PMID- 3853738
TI  - [Deontology for paramedical personnel in orthodontic dentistry].

PMID- 3853739
TI  - [Most important factors of body immunobiological reactivity].

PMID- 3853741
TI  - When your patients ask about salt and high blood pressure.

PMID- 3853740
TI  - Conceptualizing the future: an organizational imperative.

PMID- 3853742
TI  - Health visitors as group leaders.

PMID- 3853743
TI  - Child abuse and encopresis.

PMID- 3853744
TI  - Health visiting to the elderly in the community.

PMID- 3853745
TI  - Learning to be a ward sister.

PMID- 3853746
TI  - Teaching student nurses to use skills analysis.

PMID- 3853747
TI  - The instructor, the student and appeals.

PMID- 3853748
TI  - Training for health education with older people: a survey of district nurse and
      health visitor courses.

PMID- 3853749
TI  - Role of the clinical facilitator.

PMID- 3853750
TI  - Applying aspects of educational psychology to the practice of nurse teaching.

PMID- 3853751
TI  - An overview of the value of nursing models in relation to education.

PMID- 3853752
TI  - Politics and professionalism in nursing.

PMID- 3853754
TI  - The role of the anaesthetic nurse.

PMID- 3853753
TI  - Elastase activity of fungi with anamorphs similar to Coccidioides immitis.
AB  - The elastin digestion assay was examined to determine if it would facilitate the
      identification of Coccidioides immitis when non-pathogenic fungi resembling C.
      immitis are encountered. Fungal isolants tested have anamorphs that closely
      resemble the macroscopic or microscopic morphology of C. immitis. Elastin
      hydrolysis was measured by elastin-agar plate assays. Approximately 80% of the
      isolants hydrolyzed elastin; thus, the elastin digestion assay as a differential
      test appears to have little value.

PMID- 3853755
TI  - Nurse anaesthesia--USA today--UK tomorrow.

PMID- 3853756
TI  - Anaesthetic room nursing.

PMID- 3853757
TI  - Setting-up a refresher course in anaesthetic skills for theatre nurses.

PMID- 3853758
TI  - 1 August 1992: NATNews special report on theatre nurse shortage.

PMID- 3853759
TI  - Age and dependency: children and the aged in American social policy.

PMID- 3853760
TI  - Formula funding and regional planning of health services in Australia.

PMID- 3853762
TI  - Don't fall foul of the Act.

PMID- 3853761
TI  - Social roles and health trends of American women.
AB  - The statistical results concur closely with descriptive ones presented earlier,
      indicating that the latter are not results of random variations. The main effects
      of employment, the contingent effects of parenthood, and the time trends modeled
      here are the same as reported earlier. (Only two differences occur. First, among
      white married women, mothers have statistically more acute conditions than
      nonmothers. We saw this parenthood effect earlier for nonemployed married women,
      but not for employed ones [results were inconsistent]. The statistical analysis
      smooths those inconsistencies and reveals that employed mothers also experience
      more acute conditions than their nonmother peers. Second, among white married
      women, older housewives show statistically increased chronic limitation over
      time. Earlier we saw a rise for housewives without children. The latter
      parenthood effect is statistically smaller than the age effect.) The singular
      advantage of the statistical analysis has been its ability to highlight
      interaction effects among the variables, some of which were not considered in the
      descriptive section. Comparing the models, note how those for short- and long
      term disability are very similar to each other but distinctly different from the
      acute-condition models. This means that social roles and age influence short- and
      long-term disability in the same way. Specifically, both are greater for older
      and nonemployed women, being especially high for older nonemployed women and
      housewives without children. By contrast, the most consistent factor affecting
      acute-condition incidence and impact is presence of children. Children increase
      their mothers' experience of acute problems but reduce the amount of recuperative
      time and medical care taken for them.

PMID- 3853763
TI  - Nurse training--a new approach.

PMID- 3853764
TI  - Women's work: women's health.

PMID- 3853765
TI  - Reality submerged beneath the ideal?

PMID- 3853766
TI  - Exposure to titanium tetrachloride.

PMID- 3853768
TI  - Job evaluation for occupational health nurses.

PMID- 3853767
TI  - Professional misconduct--the burden of proof.

PMID- 3853769
TI  - Cleaner metal--cleaner air.

PMID- 3853770
TI  - [Witnessing dying].

PMID- 3853771
TI  - [Value of life-preserving methods and diagnosis in aged and terminal persons-
      from a nurse's viewpoint].

PMID- 3853772
TI  - [When the fascination ebbs].

PMID- 3853773
TI  - [Therapy of essential periodontopathy].

PMID- 3853774
TI  - [Documentation on patients--informational value for nursing care].

PMID- 3853776
TI  - [Osteomyelitis].

PMID- 3853775
TI  - [Perspectives for the future--1].

PMID- 3853777
TI  - Determinations of urinary kallikrein and urinary kininase excretion in human
      hypertension.

PMID- 3853778
TI  - Effects of a conformational change in tRNA on its aminoacylation capacity: a
      study using enzymatically reconstructed variants of T. utilis tRNATyr.
AB  - Variants of T. utilis tRNATyr containing deletion or substitution of the
      "conserved" sequence Gm18-G19 in the D-loop have been enzymatically reconstructed
      in vitro. Conformational analyses of these variants by measuring melting
      profiles, electrophoretic mobility in "native" polyacrylamide gels, and by the
      analysis of RNase T1 digestion patterns on sequencing gels laid a stress on the
      significance of the Gm18-G19 sequence for the maintenance of L-shaped tertiary
      structure of tRNATyr. Aminoacylation assays with the variant tRNAs at various
      temperatures revealed that the highly ordered tertiary structure is needed for
      full aminoacylation capacity.

PMID- 3853779
TI  - A study of the interaction between tRNASer and seryl-tRNA synthetase from bovine
      liver.
AB  - Study by chemical modification of Ser, Arg, His residues and sulfhydryl groups on
      bovine seryl-tRNA synthetase showed that Ser residues appeared to be unnecessary
      for the recognition mechanism, but Arg and His residues were essential. It was
      considered that different sulfhydryl groups related with each recognition of tRNA
      and ATP. Poly-arginine inhibited the interaction between serine tRNA and SerRS.
      The CD spectra of a mixture of serine tRNA and poly-arginine indicated that
      higher-order structure of tRNA changed. Furthermore, the Km and Vmax values of
      bovine serine isoacceptor, yeast serine tRNA and E. coli serine tRNA for bovine
      SerRS examined and it was discussed the differences of those base sequences.

PMID- 3853781
TI  - Being objective about appraisal.

PMID- 3853780
TI  - Jasmine Beckford. Jasmine: the lessons to be learned.

PMID- 3853782
TI  - Project 2000: nurses united.

PMID- 3853783
TI  - Care about food. Feeding sick children.

PMID- 3853784
TI  - Responding to changing needs.

PMID- 3853786
TI  - Warning: Christmas can damage your health.

PMID- 3853785
TI  - Drifting away from the job.

PMID- 3853787
TI  - Christmas: received with thanks.

PMID- 3853788
TI  - A cosmic Christmas from star wards.

PMID- 3853789
TI  - Christmas: trivial nursing pursuit.

PMID- 3853790
TI  - Christmas can be a lone time in the community.

PMID- 3853791
TI  - Nurses becoming a social force: ethico-moral and spiritual dimensions.

PMID- 3853792
TI  - Nurses becoming a social force: psycho-social dimensions.

PMID- 3853793
TI  - The 1986 health budget: everybody's concern.

PMID- 3853794
TI  - Women, health and development.

PMID- 3853795
TI  - Nurses' rapid turnover: effects on quality nursing care.

PMID- 3853796
TI  - Women--the next ten years.

PMID- 3853797
TI  - [Corticosteroids in the treatment of the eye].

PMID- 3853798
TI  - [Activity pays].

PMID- 3853799
TI  - [Theory and practice].

PMID- 3853800
TI  - [How to assess adaptation in the ward].

PMID- 3853801
TI  - [The self image of patients].

PMID- 3853802
TI  - [Training at my hospital].

PMID- 3853803
TI  - [Health standards].

PMID- 3853804
TI  - [How much does health cost. 5. Tasks for the future].

PMID- 3853805
TI  - [Social adjustment of stroke patients].

PMID- 3853806
TI  - [Count on the graduates. Interview by Iwona Krysiak].

PMID- 3853807
TI  - [The difficulties are similar. Interview by Maria Lesnikowska].

PMID- 3853808
TI  - [Resolution of the problems. Interview by Iwona Krysiak].

PMID- 3853809
TI  - [For a Kind Human Heart. Interview by Krzysztof Tittenbrun].

PMID- 3853810
TI  - [The conditions are just conditions].

PMID- 3853811
TI  - [The 1st year, the 1st step...].

PMID- 3853812
TI  - [Cancer of the prostate].

PMID- 3853813
TI  - [Rectal and anal prolapse].

PMID- 3853814
TI  - [Knowledge of nutrition].

PMID- 3853815
TI  - [A modern urology department].

PMID- 3853816
TI  - [Social aspects of hemophilia].

PMID- 3853817
TI  - [The nurse must be at least kind].

PMID- 3853818
TI  - [Tumors of the retina].

PMID- 3853819
TI  - [Hospital infections in urology].

PMID- 3853820
TI  - [The effects of artificial abortion].

PMID- 3853821
TI  - [Adaptation].

PMID- 3853822
TI  - [Role of collagen in the process of pulmonary emphysema].

PMID- 3853824
TI  - [The female genital system. (3). Uterine stability (2): physiopathology of
      genital prolapses].

PMID- 3853825
TI  - [Blood pressure measurement with an electronic tensiometer].

PMID- 3853823
TI  - [The effect of a synthetic progestin (R 2323) on gonadal and endometrial cells in
      vitro and in vivo].
AB  - Gestrinone (R 2323) is a synthetic progestogen, and noteworthy agent for
      endometriosis treatment. The effect of this reagent on cultured cells from
      porcine granulosa, human endometrial and endometrial carcinoma origin was
      investigated concerning their hormonal activities and cell proliferations. Also,
      the effect of gestrinone on the serum levels of gonadotropins and gonadal
      steroids in patients with XY gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer's syndrome) and uterine
      myoma was studied. The monolayer cell colony established from the endometrial
      tissue fragments was positively stained by PAS similar to the secretory phase
      endometrium by 10 ng/ml gestrinone in the culture media. Endometrial carcinoma
      cells from a 65-year-old patient were proliferated by gestrinone at the
      concentration of 50 ng/ml in the culture media. The effect of gestrinone on the
      secretions of progesterone and estradiol-17 beta with or without hCG/testosterone
      from the cultured porcine granulosa cells was also investigated. Progesterone
      secretions were stimulated at the 50 ng/ml concentration of gestrinone,
      especially in association with hCG. Nonetheless, at the concentration of 500
      ng/ml, those were inhibited. The secretions of estradiol-17 beta were stimulated
      by this reagent both with and without testosterone in dose-dependent manners. The
      effect of 25 mg gestrinone administration for 3 days on the levels of LH, FSH,
      progesterone and estradiol-17 beta in a patient with XY gonadal dysgenesis was as
      follows. Both LH and FSH levels gradually decreased, whereas estradiol-17 beta
      level was increased. The same dosage of this reagent was administered to a
      patient with uterine myoma on her menstrual days 7, 8, and 9.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3853826
TI  - [Admission of the newborn in the surgical setting].

PMID- 3853827
TI  - [Preparation and treatment of esophageal atresia].

PMID- 3853828
TI  - [Preoperative phase and aspects of anesthesia-intensive care in esophageal
      atresia].

PMID- 3853829
TI  - [Role of the manipulator in the diagnosis of esophageal atresia].

PMID- 3853830
TI  - [Role of the kinesitherapist in esophageal atresia].

PMID- 3853831
TI  - [Esophageal atresia. General aspects].

PMID- 3853832
TI  - [Maternal psychological problems in esophageal atresia].

PMID- 3853833
TI  - [Esophageal atresia. Case report].

PMID- 3853834
TI  - [Economic problems. The cost of hospitalization].

PMID- 3853835
TI  - [Anesthesia and surgical intensive care. Emergency interventions].

PMID- 3853836
TI  - [Preparation and transport of a newborn with esophageal atresia].

PMID- 3853837
TI  - [The female genital apparatus (4). The vulva: urethral catheterization, perineal
      toilette, site of episiotomies].

PMID- 3853838
TI  - [The water mattress (1). Material].

PMID- 3853839
TI  - [Indications for hip arthroplasty with a total prosthesis].

PMID- 3853840
TI  - [Surgical technic for total hip arthroplasty].

PMID- 3853841
TI  - [The circulating nurse and the scrub nurse during total hip arthroplasty].

PMID- 3853842
TI  - [Developments after total hip arthroplasty].

PMID- 3853843
TI  - [Functional rehabilitation after total hip arthroplasty].

PMID- 3853844
TI  - [Mr. D.'s total hip prosthesis. Case report].

PMID- 3853845
TI  - [Total arthroplasty--the hip: introduction].

PMID- 3853846
TI  - [Anesthesia-resuscitation for total hip or knee arthroplasty].

PMID- 3853847
TI  - [Psychological aspects of hip or knee arthroplasty].

PMID- 3853849
TI  - [Preoperative schedule for total arthroplasty].

PMID- 3853848
TI  - [The nurse and the admission of the patient to the surgery department].

PMID- 3853850
TI  - [Recall of the anatomy and physiology of the hip].

PMID- 3853851
TI  - [Death in various cultures].

PMID- 3853852
TI  - [Healing of suffering?].

PMID- 3853853
TI  - [At the end of life, what quality of care?. Interview by Nadine Wehrlin].

PMID- 3853855
TI  - [A precipitous departure].

PMID- 3853854
TI  - [Death in an institution].

PMID- 3853856
TI  - [Death and the law].

PMID- 3853857
TI  - [Those old people who stay for a long time or: death in spite of everything].

PMID- 3853858
TI  - [The quality of food].

PMID- 3853859
TI  - [System of humidification in patients with mechanical ventilation].

PMID- 3853860
TI  - [Oxygen therapy using the vented mask].

PMID- 3853861
TI  - [Brucellosis].

PMID- 3853862
TI  - [Relational aspects of nursing care].

PMID- 3853863
TI  - [School health examination: acceptability and benefit].

PMID- 3853864
TI  - [Technic of the intradermal Mantoux reaction. Tuberculin test].

PMID- 3853865
TI  - [History of a nursing history].

PMID- 3853866
TI  - [Prevention of infectious diseases in work centers].

PMID- 3853867
TI  - [An experience of reorganization in a traumatology service].

PMID- 3853868
TI  - [Ethics and pediatric nursing].

PMID- 3853870
TI  - Nursing the AIDS patient.

PMID- 3853869
TI  - AIDS--what is it?

PMID- 3853871
TI  - AIDS. Protecting the health care worker.

PMID- 3853872
TI  - AIDS. Planning for the impact.

PMID- 3853874
TI  - AIDS. Testing program launched in Vancouver.

PMID- 3853873
TI  - AIDS. Caring for home patients.

PMID- 3853875
TI  - Being a Good Samaritan.

PMID- 3853876
TI  - [Duphalac].

PMID- 3853877
TI  - [Fumafer].

PMID- 3853878
TI  - [The insomnias].

PMID- 3853879
TI  - [The hypersomnias].

PMID- 3853880
TI  - [The parasomnias].

PMID- 3853881
TI  - [Strategies and treatment of insomnia].

PMID- 3853882
TI  - [The hygiene of living and sleep].

PMID- 3853883
TI  - [Physiological aspects of sleep: sleeping and sleep disorders].

PMID- 3853884
TI  - [Mental diseases and sleep].

PMID- 3853885
TI  - [The patients' sleep and the nurse].

PMID- 3853886
TI  - [Part-time physicians in public hospitals].

PMID- 3853887
TI  - [Clinical study of sleep].

PMID- 3853888
TI  - [The placing of a urine bag for a child].

PMID- 3853889
TI  - [Evaluation check lists: an innovative tool in geriatrics?].

PMID- 3853890
TI  - [Continuing education. Legislative part].

PMID- 3853891
TI  - [Experiences and consequences of nurses' work].

PMID- 3853892
TI  - [Family allowances (2)].

PMID- 3853894
TI  - [Introduction of the nursing students into their residency].

PMID- 3853893
TI  - [Which apprenticeship for what kind of nursing care?].

PMID- 3853895
TI  - [From the command of activities to the command of a nursing situation].

PMID- 3853896
TI  - [Survector].

PMID- 3853897
TI  - [Etiology of mental debilities in children and adolescents admitted into a medico
      educational institute].

PMID- 3853898
TI  - [Encephalopathies tied to a fragility of the X chromosome].

PMID- 3853899
TI  - [Information of the families or "announcing the handicap to the parents"].

PMID- 3853900
TI  - [Daily care of a severely retarded child in a medico-educational institution].

PMID- 3853901
TI  - [Apprenticeship, work and severe retardation].

PMID- 3853902
TI  - [Reflections on the strategies of a medico-educational institute].

PMID- 3853903
TI  - [The nurse in a medico-educational institution].

PMID- 3853905
TI  - [Apropos of reports. A look at 10 years of practical training].

PMID- 3853904
TI  - [Continuing education in psychiatry].

PMID- 3853907
TI  - [Thoracic pain caused by aortic diseases].

PMID- 3853906
TI  - [Plans for the reorganization of the medico-pedagogical institute].

PMID- 3853908
TI  - [Pericarditis and myocarditis].

PMID- 3853909
TI  - [Pulmonary embolism].

PMID- 3853910
TI  - [Thoracic pain. Diagnostic technics].

PMID- 3853911
TI  - [The Greenfield filter].

PMID- 3853912
TI  - [The psycho-social consequences of illness and hospitalization].

PMID- 3853913
TI  - [Thoracic pain caused by coronary insufficiency].

PMID- 3853914
TI  - [Baralgine].

PMID- 3853916
TI  - [Pregnancy in the adolescent girl].

PMID- 3853915
TI  - [Contraception in adolescence: knowing is not enough].

PMID- 3853917
TI  - [Pregnancy and childbirth].

PMID- 3853918
TI  - [Sabina's pregnancy ... case report].

PMID- 3853919
TI  - [Feminine sports and health].

PMID- 3853921
TI  - [The child and nursery school].

PMID- 3853922
TI  - [The nurse in the presence of the death of a child. How to preserve the integrity
      of the care giver].

PMID- 3853920
TI  - [Contraceptive methods for adolescents].

PMID- 3853923
TI  - [Sexuality in adolescence. Sexually transmissible diseases].

PMID- 3853924
TI  - [Sex and contraceptive information for adolescents].

PMID- 3853925
TI  - [Salbutamol].

PMID- 3853926
TI  - [The glucose balance in pregnant women].

PMID- 3853927
TI  - [Detection of diabetes during pregnancy].

PMID- 3853928
TI  - [The newborn infant of the diabetic mother].

PMID- 3853929
TI  - [Therapeutic management. Surveillance].

PMID- 3853930
TI  - [Advice to a young diabetic].

PMID- 3853931
TI  - [Madame C., diabetic and pregnant. The role of the nurse].

PMID- 3853932
TI  - [Prevention of hospitalism in young children].

PMID- 3853933
TI  - [Primary health care activities in nursing homes. A development in phases].

PMID- 3853934
TI  - [Different or 'customary'? The vertical labor position].

PMID- 3853935
TI  - [You can do it this way... with one hand].

PMID- 3853936
TI  - [Not cured but better. II].

PMID- 3853937
TI  - [Iatrogenic disease and nursing].

PMID- 3853938
TI  - [Team work: a matter of falling down and getting up (1)].

PMID- 3853940
TI  - [Quality and emancipation. Interview by Jenneke Diepenbroek and Han Koch].

PMID- 3853939
TI  - [Basic health care and the nurse. II: The nursing role].

PMID- 3853941
TI  - [You know it's going to happen...].

PMID- 3853942
TI  - The RNs surgical frontier. First assisting.

PMID- 3853943
TI  - OR orientation. Use a checklist to evaluate.

PMID- 3853944
TI  - Preventing pathology with cranial Z-plasty.

PMID- 3853945
TI  - Compression fixation. Hip fracture repair for the aged.

PMID- 3853946
TI  - Standards of care. Part 1--Definition.

PMID- 3853948
TI  - Surgery in Egypt.

PMID- 3853947
TI  - Program managerial success.

PMID- 3853949
TI  - Incongruence in nursing: education may not be meeting the needs of employers.

PMID- 3853950
TI  - Shaping nursing's image.

PMID- 3853951
TI  - Health care in the Soviet Union.

PMID- 3853952
TI  - Presidential address-AGM 1985. "Challenge and Opportunity". The opportunity of
      1986.

PMID- 3853953
TI  - 40S subunit X Met-tRNAf complexes and initiation factor eIF-2 phosphorylation in
      mammalian cells accumulating uncharged tRNA.
AB  - A significant, reversible decline in the level of 40S subunit X Met-tRNAf
      complexes was observed in HeLa cells treated with either of two inhibitors of
      tRNA charging, histidinol or O-methylthreonine. A decline in 40S X subunit Met
      tRNAf complexes was also seen in HeLa cells deprived of histidine and in mutant
      Chinese hamster ovary cells, bearing a temperature-sensitive leucyl-tRNA charging
      enzyme, when they were incubated at a non-permissive temperature. Treatment with
      histidinol or O-methylthreonine did not affect the relative degree of
      phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of initiation factor eIF-2. Histidinol did
      not stimulate the activity of the endogenous kinase for eIF-2 alpha subunit in
      extracts prepared from HeLa cells. In the presence of histidinol the
      phosphorylation level of a 25000-dalton protein was reversibly increased.

PMID- 3853954
TI  - Tachibana trait: human high molecular weight kininogen deficiency with diminished
      levels of prekallikrein and low molecular weight kininogen.

PMID- 3853955
TI  - Neuroscience nursing practice. Process and outcome criteria for selected
      diagnoses.

PMID- 3853956
TI  - The scope of practice of the primary health care nurse practitioner.

PMID- 3853957
TI  - Issues in professional nursing practice. 7. Standards of nursing practice.

PMID- 3853958
TI  - Issue in professional nursing practice. 8. Pursuit of an educational base for
      professional nursing practice.

PMID- 3853959
TI  - Issue in professional nursing practice. 9. Challenges to nursing practice.

PMID- 3853960
TI  - Concentration of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by ultrafiltration: evidence of
      differential protein loss and functional inactivation of proteinase inhibitors.
AB  - Bronchoalveolar lavage samples were concentrated using positive-pressure
      ultrafiltration. The starting material, concentrates, and eluates were assayed
      for immunoglobulin A (IgA), albumin (Alb), alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1
      PI), antileukoprotease (ALP), and total leukocyte elastase inhibitory capacity
      (LEIC). No enzyme inhibitory capacity or protein was detected in membrane
      eluates, confirming the selectivity of the membrane used (Mr cutoff 2000 or 500).
      However, the concentrated lavages showed a generated loss of protein. The
      proportion of each protein recovered using the 500 Mr cutoff membrane was: IgA,
      50.6% (+/- 15%); albumin, 43% (+/- 8.4); alpha 1-PI, 53.6 (+/- 17.3); ALP, 43%
      (+/- 2.1); and LEIC, 18.4% (+/- 2.6). Similar results were obtained with the 200
      Mr cutoff membrane. The alpha 1-PI/Alb and the IgA/alb ratios were higher (2P
      less than 0.05) in the concentrates than in the starting material, suggesting
      differential protein loss. Protein losses were due to binding to the membrane
      since the wash with saline solution improved recoveries: IgA, 80%; Alb, 56%;
      alpha 1-PI, 64%; ALP, 66%; LEIC, 29%. Concentration of bronchoalveolar lavage
      fluids therefore resulted in substantial differential losses in elastase
      inhibitory capacity and protein concentrations, suggesting analysis of these
      fluids should be performed on unconcentrated samples.

PMID- 3853961
TI  - [Perifollicular elastolysis. Discussion of the role of secretory elastase from
      Staphylococcus epidermidis].

PMID- 3853962
TI  - Transition from resistance to hypersusceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics
      associated with loss of a low-affinity penicillin-binding protein in a
      Streptococcus faecium mutant highly resistant to penicillin.
AB  - Penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 5 of Streptococcus faecium has been shown to
      have a very low affinity for penicillin, and this PBP was suggested to be
      responsible for both the natural low susceptibility and high resistance to the
      antibiotic in this species (R. Fontana, R. Cerini, P. Longoni, A. Grossato, and
      P. Canepari, J. Bacteriol. 155:1343-1350, 1983). In this study, an S. faecium
      mutant (Rev 14) hypersusceptible to penicillin was derived from the highly
      resistant S. faecium R40 treated with novobiocin, and its properties were
      compared with those of the parent and S. faecium PS, a relatively susceptible
      strain from which R40 was isolated. The hypersusceptible strain did not
      synthesize PBP 5, but it did resemble the parent in cell morphology, growth rate,
      and autolytic activity. In addition, it was highly susceptible to other beta
      lactams but remained as susceptible as R40 and PS to antibiotics of a different
      mechanisms of action. The affinity of individual PBPs for the beta-lactams tested
      was the same in all the strains. This finding suggested that Rev 14
      hypersusceptibility was due to the lack of PBP 5 and strongly supported the role
      of this protein in the mechanism of both natural low susceptibility and high
      level resistance to beta-lactams in S. faecium.

PMID- 3853963
TI  - In vitro activity of fosfomycin, alone and in combination, against methicillin
      resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - We tested 148 strains of clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus against fosfomycin alone and in combination with
      methicillin, cefamandole, gentamicin, trimethoprim, and vancomycin. Fosfomycin
      inhibited 90% of the 148 methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains at a
      concentration of 4 micrograms/ml. Synergism was observed in 97 strains (66%) with
      fosfomycin-cefamandole and in 69 strains (46%) with fosfomycin-methicillin. The
      combinations of fosfomycin with vancomycin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim were
      indifferent in most strains.

PMID- 3853964
TI  - Comparative in vitro activity of coumermycin against methicillin-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Coumermycin was the most active agent in vitro against methicillin-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus when compared with fusidic acid, imipenem, rifampin,
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and vancomycin. The MICs of coumermycin ranged
      from 0.002 to greater than 4 micrograms/ml and from 0.5 to greater than 4
      micrograms/ml for inocula of 10(4) and 10(6) CFU/ml, respectively. The
      combination of coumermycin with either cephalothin or ciprofloxacin showed some
      synergy; antagonism was found with gentamicin.

PMID- 3853965
TI  - [Physiopathology of arterial hypertension. III. The kallikrein-kinins system,
      prostaglandins and electrolytes].

PMID- 3853966
TI  - Purification and kinetic mechanism of lysyl-tRNA synthetase from Mycobacterium
      smegmatis SN2.
AB  - Lysyl-tRNA synthetase [L-lys:tRNAlys ligase (AMP forming) EC:6.1.1.6] has been
      purified to homogeneity from Mycobacterium smegmatis SN2. The enzyme is a dimer
      of molecular weight 126,000 and is composed of identical subunits. A detailed
      analysis of the kinetic mechanism of the lysyl-tRNA synthetase has been carried
      out. A rapid equilibrium random ter ter mechanism is proposed based on initial
      velocity and product inhibition studies. There is no evidence for the formation
      of enzyme-bound lysyl-adenylate. The reverse reaction, studied by the deacylation
      of lysyl-tRNA, requires the presence of both AMP and PPi. This observation is
      consistent with the mechanism proposed.

PMID- 3853967
TI  - [Effect on human complement of blastolysin and the glycopeptide (MDP and GMDP)
      and carbohydrate fragments of peptidoglycans].
AB  - Along with complement activation by the classical pathway, blastolysin, an
      antitumor and adjuvant preparation of Lactobacillus bulgaricus peptidoglycans,
      effectively inhibits the transformation of C3 in to C5 convertase. Values of
      inhibition maximum and dissociation constants of the reversible C3b-acceptor
      complex for blastolysin and main immunological active structural moieties of
      peptidoglycans (GMDP, MDP) and their inactive carbohydrate components (N
      acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramic acid, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylmuramic
      acid) have been determined. Immunostimulator concentrations for blastolysin,
      GMDP, and MDP in inhibition of the C5 convertase formation (C3b binding)
      correlate with their doses in vivo (animal blood), displaying antitumor activity.

PMID- 3853968
TI  - Estimating viral concentrations: a reliable computation method programmed on a
      pocket calculator.
AB  - A method has been developed, based on the Newton-Raphson iterative procedure, for
      calculating the concentration of viral suspensions from the dose-response data
      yielded by the cytopathic effect assays. The computation method provides the
      maximum likelihood estimate with its 95% approximated confidence limits, and
      determines the value of chi 2 for testing the goodness of the fit. A program for
      a Hewlett-Packard 41C calculator is presented which is suitable to most
      experimental situations.

PMID- 3853969
TI  - Real-time analysis of sperm motion using automatic video image digitization.
AB  - A methodology is described for automatic, real-time analysis of sperm movement
      characteristics. Video micrographic images of spermatozoa are digitized,
      compressed, and then analyzed using a Motion Analysis Corporation Expert Vision
      system. The system includes a VP-100 video processor, a video camera, and a Sun
      2/120 minicomputer. Algorithms for detection of and discrimination among sperm
      are described, and desirable operating characteristics of the system are
      considered. Salient parameters which characterize the kinematics of sperm
      swimming trajectories are discussed.

PMID- 3853970
TI  - Software for bone histomorphometry by means of a digitizer.
AB  - A set of programs is described by which a consistent morphometry of bone sections
      can be performed. The programs are written in FORTRAN IV in a PDP 11/10
      minicomputer, under the RT-11 operating system. The bone sections are run through
      the field of vision of the microscope using a scanning stage in one of several
      preselected courses at a magnification suitable for the parameters that are being
      put in. When input is completed, a print-out is produced with measured and
      derived parameters, personal data (protected by a code) and a comment file, all
      of which are stored for later retrieval and statistical evaluation. The programs
      were developed to be used in a system in which the bone sections are projected
      (by a projection microscope) onto a digitizer connected to the computer.

PMID- 3853971
TI  - A microcomputer-based program for video analysis of chemotaxis under agarose.
AB  - We have developed a computerized system for the quantification of video images of
      cell migration patterns obtained in the chemotaxis under agarose assay. This
      system allows either manual or automatic measurement of standard parameters of
      chemotaxis, as well as quantification of three new parameters which reflect mean
      cell movement and chemokinesis. The parameters of mean cell population movement
      are not obtainable by the traditional analysis of the chemotaxis under agarose
      assay. Our system operates on an inexpensive microcomputer, is easy to use and
      provides data output in a format that is directly transferable to standard
      statistical packages.

PMID- 3853972
TI  - Microcomputer program for the design of digital filters.
AB  - The program presented here is intended to be a design device and learning tool
      for digital filters. Digital filters designed with the program can be implemented
      by incorporation within the data analysis programs of the user. The program is
      written in BASIC for use with the IBM-PC, is intended to be user-friendly, and
      includes a great deal of filter assistance not found in other programs. An
      example of program use shows how one filter can be used to remove noise from
      respiratory waveform data.

PMID- 3853973
TI  - Computerized acoustic detection of obstructive apnea.
AB  - Cardiac, respiratory and neurologic abnormalities have been identified as causes
      of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Recurrent central apnea (no respiratory
      effort or nasal/oral airflow) and obstructive apnea (respiratory effort without
      concurrent nasal/oral airflow) in infants are considered risk factors for SIDS.
      However, using currently available monitoring techniques, normal activities such
      as yawns, stretches and swallows cannot be distinquished from short obstructive
      episodes lasting less than 20 s. A system was developed to more accurately detect
      obstructive apnea in infants using a miniature microphone placed over the
      trachea, a cassette tape recorder and a MINC-11 microcomputer. Respiratory sounds
      were recorded on 5 anesthesized rabbits in which partial and total airway
      obstruction was artificially induced. Sounds were analyzed by computer using fast
      Fourier transformations. Amplitude versus frequency was plotted for normal
      breathing, partial obstruction and total obstruction. Characteristic patterns
      were identified for each episode demonstrating that acoustic detection of apnea
      in infants by a microprocessor-based monitor is feasible.

PMID- 3853974
TI  - A program for machine learning of counting criteria: empirical induction of logic
      based classification rules.
AB  - A program has been developed which derives classification rules from empirical
      observations and expresses these rules in a knowledge representation format
      called 'counting criteria'. Decision rules derived in this format are often more
      comprehensible than rules derived by existing machine learning programs such as
      AQ11. Use of the program is illustrated by the inference of discrimination
      criteria for certain types of bacteria based upon their biochemical
      characteristics. The program may be useful for the conceptual analysis of data
      and for the automatic generation of prototype knowledge bases for expert systems.

PMID- 3853975
TI  - Human kidney kallikrein: cDNA cloning and sequence analysis.
AB  - The primary structure of human kidney kallikrein has been elucidated by molecular
      cloning and cDNA sequence analysis. Structural homology between mammalian
      glandular kallikreins permitted the isolation of several clones from a human
      kidney cDNA library where kallikrein sequences represented approximately 0.01% of
      the cDNA. Identity of the cloned sequence with the published amino-terminal
      sequence of human urinary kallikrein strongly implicates the kidney as a major
      source of this protein. The overall structure of the kidney enzyme is 67%
      homologous to that of the corresponding mouse kidney kallikrein and only 60-62%
      homologous to the other published mouse kallikrein sequences. Homology to the
      pancreatic kallikreins of pig and rat is 67% and 61%, respectively. As expected,
      the amino acids required for catalytic activity are conserved as is the Asp
      residue required for the kallikrein-type specificity. Southern blot analysis
      demonstrates the presence of a number of related sequences in human DNA, although
      these do not appear to be as numerous as those in the mouse genome. Several
      polymorphisms in the kallikrein genes were observed.

PMID- 3853977
TI  - How adults learn and change.

PMID- 3853976
TI  - Acquiring expertise.

PMID- 3853978
TI  - Medical knowledge from the perspective of the patient: the importance of learning
      to learn.

PMID- 3853979
TI  - Clinical assessment: a state-of-the-art review.

PMID- 3853980
TI  - Evaluating teaching skills.

PMID- 3853981
TI  - Awarding the gold star: a primer on certification examinations.

PMID- 3853982
TI  - Legal implications of being an expert.

PMID- 3853983
TI  - Differences between novices and experts.

PMID- 3853985
TI  - [Bone tumors].

PMID- 3853984
TI  - Comparison of fosfomycin and vancomycin therapy for experimental endocarditis due
      to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis.

PMID- 3853987
TI  - [Injuries to the eyes of workers in agriculture].

PMID- 3853986
TI  - [Effect of alcohol on the cardiovascular system].

PMID- 3853988
TI  - [High intestinal obstruction in the area of the duodenojejunal flexure].

PMID- 3853989
TI  - [Shereshevskii-Turner syndrome].

PMID- 3853990
TI  - [Soviet public health at the International Public Health-85 Exhibit].

PMID- 3853991
TI  - [Diuretic agents].

PMID- 3853992
TI  - [Knowledge of the population about the prevention of venereal diseases].

PMID- 3853993
TI  - [Chronic gestational pyelonephritis complicated by nephropathy].

PMID- 3853995
TI  - [Uterine myoma].

PMID- 3853994
TI  - [Stenocardia simulating pneumonia].

PMID- 3853996
TI  - [Diseases of the eyelids and conjunctiva].

PMID- 3853997
TI  - [Technical note: transcutaneous liver puncture].

PMID- 3853998
TI  - [Contact lenses and artificial crystalline lenses].

PMID- 3853999
TI  - [Surviving an infarct--an utopia?].

PMID- 3854000
TI  - [The same, yet different].

PMID- 3854001
TI  - [3 months in Ethiopia].

PMID- 3854002
TI  - [Nursing diagnosis: why should one be interested?].

PMID- 3854003
TI  - [You and digoxin].

PMID- 3854004
TI  - [Clinical education in a family care center on a master's level].

PMID- 3854005
TI  - [Preventive measures in suicidal young adults].

PMID- 3854006
TI  - Stress and anxiety.

PMID- 3854007
TI  - Social status and responsibility for stressful life events.

PMID- 3854008
TI  - A genetic model of anxiety.

PMID- 3854009
TI  - A cognitive model of anxiety: implications for theories of personality and
      motivation.

PMID- 3854010
TI  - Traditions of stress research: integrative comments.

PMID- 3854011
TI  - Worry, fear, and concern differentiated.

PMID- 3854012
TI  - Anxiety, arousal, and the self-concept.

PMID- 3854013
TI  - On stress and coping mechanisms.

PMID- 3854014
TI  - The nature of clinical anxiety in modern society.

PMID- 3854015
TI  - False alarms: their effects on fear and adjustment.

PMID- 3854016
TI  - A cognitive model of anxiety formation and anxiety resolution.

PMID- 3854017
TI  - A congruence analysis of human stress.

PMID- 3854018
TI  - Life stress events and State-Trait Anxiety in psychiatric and psychosomatic
      patients.

PMID- 3854019
TI  - The psychology of stress and coping.

PMID- 3854020
TI  - Stress inoculation: a preventative approach.

PMID- 3854021
TI  - Anxiety, pain, and coping.

PMID- 3854022
TI  - Coping patterns among patients with life-threatening diseases.

PMID- 3854023
TI  - Cognitive processes as determinants of environmental stress.

PMID- 3854024
TI  - Stressful levels of environmental stimulation.

PMID- 3854025
TI  - Implications of the human-animal companion bond in the community.

PMID- 3854026
TI  - Hug a puppy and call me in the morning.

PMID- 3854027
TI  - Brandy: an incentive to recover.

PMID- 3854028
TI  - Chemical dependence: its effect on breast milk and on the newborn.

PMID- 3854029
TI  - Potential health hazards discovered at a day care center.

PMID- 3854030
TI  - The use of volunteers in a home health agency.

PMID- 3854031
TI  - Hand puppets and home health care.

PMID- 3854032
TI  - Information needs of the pregnant adolescent.

PMID- 3854033
TI  - Steps you can take to help change detrimental regulations.

PMID- 3854034
TI  - Documenting patient care in the home--legal issues for the home health nurse
      (Part II).

PMID- 3854035
TI  - Hospice care: unscrambling oncologic acronyms.

PMID- 3854037
TI  - Childhood and death.

PMID- 3854036
TI  - The young child and the home health care nurse: problems, challenges, and
      intervention strategies.

PMID- 3854038
TI  - Helping parents cope. A model home-care program for the dying child.

PMID- 3854039
TI  - Helping siblings and other peers cope with dying.

PMID- 3854040
TI  - Staff stress in the care of the critically ill and dying child.

PMID- 3854041
TI  - Children's patterns in mourning the death of a loved one.

PMID- 3854042
TI  - Helping families. Thoughts of a pediatrician.

PMID- 3854043
TI  - Helping adults mourn the death of a child.

PMID- 3854044
TI  - Stillbirth, neonatal death, and sudden infant death syndrome.

PMID- 3854045
TI  - Fears and anxieties about death.

PMID- 3854046
TI  - Death preoccupations and suicidal behavior in children.

PMID- 3854047
TI  - Youth suicide.

PMID- 3854048
TI  - Death education in the home. Parents talk with their children.

PMID- 3854049
TI  - Concepts of death. A developmental perspective.

PMID- 3854050
TI  - Death education in the schools for older children.

PMID- 3854051
TI  - Dying children. Patterns of coping.

PMID- 3854052
TI  - The pediatrician and the dying child.

PMID- 3854053
TI  - Helping the dying child. Practical approaches for nonphysicians.

PMID- 3854054
TI  - Aminoacyl-tRNA exclusively in the 3'-isomeric form is bound to polypeptide chain
      elongation factor Tu.
AB  - 2' and 3'-O-(N-acetyl-L-phenylalanyl)adenosine (Ac-Phe-Ado) were chemically
      synthesized. These two isomers were clearly separated from each other by high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). From the two isomers of [3H]Phe-tRNA in
      equilibrium, Ac-[3H]Phe-Ado was prepared, without any change in the 2'/3'-isomer
      ratio, by acetylation of the phenylalanyl residue with acetic anhydride followed
      by digestion with pancreatic RNase A. By HPLC analysis of this preparation of Ac
      [3H]Phe-Ado, the abundance ratio of the 2'-isomer and the 3'-isomer of [3H]Phe
      tRNA was found to be 0.20:0.80. Further, [3H]Phe-tRNA was bound to Escherichia
      coli polypeptide chain elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) with the ligand of GTP or
      guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma-imido]triphosphate (GMP-P(NH)P). The ternary complex
      was treated with phenol and acetic anhydride, and then digested with pancreatic
      RNase A. By HPLC analysis of Ac-[3H]Phe-Ado, the abundance ratio of the 2'-isomer
      and the 3'-isomer of [3H]Phe-tRNA was determined to be 0.07:0.93 in the complex
      with EF-Tu.GTP and 0.04:0.96 in the complex with EF-Tu.GMP-P(NH)P. These results
      clearly indicate that the 3'-isomer, rather than the 2'-isomer, of aminoacyl-tRNA
      is exclusively involved in the ternary complex.

PMID- 3854055
TI  - Radiofrequency radiation exposure limits in Eastern Europe.
AB  - Eastern European standards on radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure limits (EL)
      are reviewed. These standards are mandatory. Additional standards specify
      requirements for equipment and methods for RFR measurements to determine
      compliance. The standards are based on USSR ELs with the exception of Poland and
      Czechoslovakia, where different approaches to exposure limitation were used.
      According to informal private communications, a new joint recommendation on RFR
      ELs for all countries belonging to the Council of Mutual Economic Cooperation
      (COMECON) is being developed. As far as can be judged from recent USSR
      publications, the new recommendations will establish ELs at levels comparable to
      those indicated in the international guidelines developed by the International
      Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee of the International Radiation Protection
      Association (INIRC/IRPA).

PMID- 3854056
TI  - Application of a finite-difference technique to the human radiofrequency
      dosimetry problem.
AB  - A powerful finite-difference numerical technique has been applied to the human
      radiofrequency dosimetry problem. The method possesses inherent advantages over
      the method-of-moments approach in that its implementation requires much less
      computer memory. Consequently, it has the capability to calculate specific
      absorption rates (SARs) at higher frequencies and provides greater spatial
      resolution. The method is illustrated by the calculation of the time-domain and
      frequency-domain SAR responses at selected locations in the chest. The model for
      the human body is comprised of rectangular cells with dimensions of 4X4X6 cm and
      dielectric properties that simulate average tissue (2/3 muscle). Additionally,
      the upper torso (chest) is configured by both homogeneous and inhomogeneous
      models in which this region is subdivided into 20,736 cells with dimensions of
      1X1X1 cm. The homogeneous model of the chest consists of cells with average
      tissue properties, and the calculated results are compared with measurements
      acquired from a homogeneous phantom model when the exposure frequency is 350 MHz.
      For the inhomogeneous chest model the lungs and surrounding region (ribs, spine,
      sternum, fat, and muscle) are modeled with as much spatial resolution as allowed
      by the 1X1X1 cm cells. Computed results from the inhomogeneous chest model are
      compared with the homogeneous model.

PMID- 3854057
TI  - The effect of sodium and potassium loading on urinary kallikrein-like activity in
      young patients with borderline hypertension.
AB  - We studied the effects of a potassium supplement on urinary kallikrein excretion
      in a setting of high sodium intake after sodium deprivation with diuretics in
      young patients with borderline hypertension. Eleven patients, who took the
      potassium supplementation during the high sodium diet period, showed lower
      increments in mean blood pressure with salt loading than 12 patients without the
      potassium supplementation. In the non-potassium-supplemented patients, urinary
      kallikrein was increased significantly when plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma
      aldosterone concentration (PAC), and urinary aldosterone were increased during
      the diuretic treatment. It was decreased significantly when the other hormones
      were decreased during the sodium load. During the high sodium diet period, PRA,
      PAC and urinary aldosterone were greater in the potassium-supplemented patients
      than in the non-potassium-supplemented ones, but urinary kallikrein excretion was
      not higher when potassium was supplemented. Thus, the present results did not
      support the theory that the kallikrein-kinin system may be involved in the
      natriuretic and antihypertensive effects of potassium. In addition, these finding
      suggest that some kallikrein-modulating factor(s) may counteract the increased
      urinary kallikrein excretion with the augmented renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
      system during salt loading with potassium supplementation.

PMID- 3854059
TI  - [Primary nursing: advantages and disadvantages to nurses].

PMID- 3854058
TI  - [Studies on granulocyte elastase in plasma. (II) Plasma granulocyte-elastase
      levels in patients with surgical diseases].

PMID- 3854060
TI  - [Terminal care (1): Chaos brought about by the progress of modern medical
      technology].

PMID- 3854061
TI  - [Approaches to the home nursing instruction project at Koto Ward, Tokyo, and its
      current status].

PMID- 3854062
TI  - [A home nursing project at Koto Ward, Tokyo: a responsible member of the regional
      health service, a view of a practicing physician].

PMID- 3854063
TI  - [A home nursing project at Koto Ward: a suggestion on an intermediate facility,
      an opinion by a practitioner].

PMID- 3854065
TI  - [A home nursing project at Koto Ward: on the role of nurses in home nursing of
      patients with refractory diseases being cared for at home].

PMID- 3854066
TI  - [A home nursing project at Koto Ward: difficulties and satisfaction in regional
      nursing. A thought on nursing through regional nursing activities].

PMID- 3854064
TI  - [A home nursing project at Koto Ward: on rehabilitation at home with special
      reference to the improvement of the nursing environment].

PMID- 3854067
TI  - [A home nursing project at Koto Ward: the fundamentals of nursing learned from
      experiences in home nursing].

PMID- 3854068
TI  - [A home nursing project at Koto Ward. Comprehensive care based on the area: an
      attempt by Komatsu Hospital for incorporation of health care, medical care, and
      welfare].

PMID- 3854069
TI  - [The role of nurses at the open-system hospital and coordination with regional
      facilities].

PMID- 3854070
TI  - [Use of old folk tales in a therapeutic approach to aged demented patients].

PMID- 3854071
TI  - [A monologue by a nursing director: importance of the nursing profession to be
      noted by the public].

PMID- 3854072
TI  - [Report from a hospice. 10. Care of dying patients. Family ties and sorrow of
      parting].

PMID- 3854074
TI  - [Counseling of patients. 9. Actual scene of counseling: methods of counseling].

PMID- 3854073
TI  - [Clinical description of dementia. 6. Symptoms of dementia. 5].

PMID- 3854075
TI  - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Hideko Nakazawa, a nursing student with a college degree
      in sociology].

PMID- 3854076
TI  - [Diary of a cancer patient. Positive attitude in spite of loss of voice. 10.
      Patients in the ward].

PMID- 3854077
TI  - [Experience as a public health nurse in Indonesia. 10. Experience as an
      inpatient].

PMID- 3854078
TI  - [Microsurgical tuboplasty. An interview with Professor Akikazu Fujii of Tokai
      University Medical School].

PMID- 3854080
TI  - [Orientation at admission or discharge: use of a check-list is not enough].

PMID- 3854079
TI  - [Planning at our hospital for the introduction of primary nursing].

PMID- 3854082
TI  - [For a peaceful death--nursing to support the mental state of the patient].

PMID- 3854084
TI  - [Reevaluation of daily nursing. Allocation of patients: maximization of freedom
      in a restricted environment].

PMID- 3854081
TI  - [Habit diseases].

PMID- 3854083
TI  - [Reevaluation of daily care: a new start in nursing practice].

PMID- 3854085
TI  - [Reevaluation of daily care. Nursing judgment: a need to be a thinking nurse].

PMID- 3854086
TI  - [Assistance at discharge from the hospital: effective patient instruction created
      by the active attitude of nurses].

PMID- 3854087
TI  - [Reevaluation of daily care. An ideal image of a head nurse].

PMID- 3854088
TI  - [Reevaluation of daily care. Assistance extended to families: understanding of
      family relations].

PMID- 3854089
TI  - [Difficulty in communication encountered in misunderstanding in postoperative
      patient education].

PMID- 3854090
TI  - [Better communication methods discovered in process records].

PMID- 3854092
TI  - [Oral care of patients with intratracheal intubation].

PMID- 3854091
TI  - [Interactions with a patient who refuses the assistance by nurses].

PMID- 3854093
TI  - [Report from a hospice. 12. Care of dying patients. Overview of hospices in the
      future].

PMID- 3854094
TI  - [A monologue by a nursing director: best and natural efforts as a new nursing
      director].

PMID- 3854095
TI  - [Discovery of the meaning of pain].

PMID- 3854096
TI  - [Clinical aspects of dementia. 8. Symptoms of dementia. (7)].

PMID- 3854097
TI  - [Counseling of patients. 11. Empathy in dealing: the basic attitude required in
      counseling].

PMID- 3854098
TI  - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Sugako Nishijima, a telephone counselor on cancer].

PMID- 3854099
TI  - [Diary of a cancer patient. A positive attitude in spite of loss of voice. 12.
      Homecoming].

PMID- 3854100
TI  - [Experience as a public health nurse in Indonesia. 12. Recommendation for
      overseas volunteer work].

PMID- 3854101
TI  - [Symptoms and etiology of airway obstruction].

PMID- 3854102
TI  - [Intratracheal intubation and patient care].

PMID- 3854104
TI  - [Keypoints in prevention of airway obstruction following surgery (care in the
      recovery room)].

PMID- 3854103
TI  - [Indication for tracheotomy and keypoints in patient care].

PMID- 3854105
TI  - [Keypoints in the observation and recording of patients' conditions for the
      prevention of airway obstruction].

PMID- 3854106
TI  - [Prevention of accidents with intratracheal intubation].

PMID- 3854107
TI  - [Protection of the wound created by tracheotomy and prevention of its infection].

PMID- 3854108
TI  - [On communication technics for cannulated patients--response to patients' demands
      in relation to the treatment and life activities].

PMID- 3854109
TI  - [Intratracheal intubation and continued care of patients with cognition
      disorders].

PMID- 3854110
TI  - [Intratracheal intubation and continued care of patients with airway burns].

PMID- 3854111
TI  - [Intratracheal intubation and continued care of a patient with acute poisoning].

PMID- 3854112
TI  - [Respiratory care of a patient with severe pulmonary contusion--suction for the
      prevention of complications].

PMID- 3854113
TI  - [Nursing associated with tracheotomy and respiratory care of a patient with
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

PMID- 3854114
TI  - [Intratracheal intubation and continued care of a child with congenital tracheal
      stenosis].

PMID- 3854115
TI  - [Survey on former inpatients who have been subjected to radiotherapy--with
      special reference to nursing of patients without families].

PMID- 3854117
TI  - [Application of lasers to clinical medicine--current topics].

PMID- 3854116
TI  - [Fetal sex determination using DNA].

PMID- 3854119
TI  - [Practice of nursing during puerperium].

PMID- 3854118
TI  - [Early diagnosis and management of abnormalities and contraception during the
      puerperal period].

PMID- 3854120
TI  - [Apprehension of patients with uterine cancer and their observation].

PMID- 3854121
TI  - [Urinary stoma care (12). Uretero-sigmoidostomy and its management].

PMID- 3854122
TI  - [Process of nursing concept formation by nursing students].

PMID- 3854123
TI  - [Status and future problems of public health nursing education: relationship with
      basic nursing education].

PMID- 3854124
TI  - [Progress by the Congress of National Organizations of Public Health Nursing
      Education].

PMID- 3854125
TI  - [Status and analysis of the development in public health nursing education theory
      in the training of public health nursing].

PMID- 3854126
TI  - [On the national examination for public health nurses].

PMID- 3854127
TI  - [Trends in public health nursing education based on the activities of the
      graduates].

PMID- 3854128
TI  - [Goal in clinical training of public health nurses].

PMID- 3854129
TI  - [Introduction of group instruction on patient discharge in clinical training of
      obstetrical nursing].

PMID- 3854130
TI  - [Basic training in the giving of injections].

PMID- 3854131
TI  - [Structure and organization of education and learning. 6. Management and
      administration of schools].

PMID- 3854132
TI  - [Case study with a meaningful dialogue with the case. 1. Self development through
      studying home teaching. "Two in one" unification of the reader and the author].

PMID- 3854133
TI  - [Case study with a meaningful dialogue with the case. 2. Learning by a member of
      the study group. A learning experience by a member who provided the case
      material].

PMID- 3854134
TI  - [Case study with a meaningful dialogue with the case. 2. Learning by a member of
      the study group. Impressions by a member who participated in the seminar on
      primary health care (PHC) following the study].

PMID- 3854135
TI  - [Case study with a meaningful dialogue with the case. 2. Learning by a member of
      the study group. Learning experience and impressions of the study].

PMID- 3854136
TI  - [Case study with a meaningful dialogue with the case. 2. Learning by a member of
      the study group. Discussion: the fruit of the study on home instructions].

PMID- 3854137
TI  - [Case study with a meaningful dialogue with the case. 2. Learning by a member of
      the study group. Recognition of changes in one's own attitude--an experience at a
      meeting 6 months after the study].

PMID- 3854138
TI  - [Case study with a meaningful dialogue with the case. 3. Study of home teaching
      as a research topic].

PMID- 3854139
TI  - [Case study with a meaningful dialogue with the case. 3. Study of home teaching
      as a research topic. Outline of the study on home teaching].

PMID- 3854140
TI  - [From reevaluation to estimation in public health activities. Total care closely
      related to cases].

PMID- 3854141
TI  - [Case study with a meaningful dialogue with the case. 1. Self development through
      studying home teaching. Unification of research, practice and learning].

PMID- 3854142
TI  - [Case study with a meaningful dialogue with the case. 1. Self development through
      studying home teaching. "Two in one" developing from research activities].

PMID- 3854143
TI  - [Case study with a meaningful dialogue with the case. 1. Self development through
      studying home teaching. Studying and my process of self development and
      unification (two in one)--an experience as a planning member of the study].

PMID- 3854144
TI  - [Case study with a meaningful dialogue with the case. 1. Self development through
      studying home teaching. Crucifix as a conceptual model].

PMID- 3854145
TI  - Effects of vanadate on contractions of SHRSP mesenteric arteries induced by field
      stimulations.

PMID- 3854146
TI  - School-age children's conceptions of the heart and its function. Part II:
      Methodology and findings.

PMID- 3854147
TI  - [Rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3854149
TI  - [Ultrasonic therapy].

PMID- 3854148
TI  - [Physioprophylaxis of respiratory diseases in children].

PMID- 3854150
TI  - [Physiotherapy of chronic inflammatory diseases of the bronchi and lungs in
      children].

PMID- 3854151
TI  - [Methods of UHF and SHF therapy].

PMID- 3854152
TI  - [Pneumonia in elderly people].

PMID- 3854153
TI  - [Vacuum electrophoresis in dentistry].

PMID- 3854155
TI  - [Current requirements for drug storage].

PMID- 3854154
TI  - [Role of the nurse in carrying out the method of treatment in convergent
      strabismus--diploptics].

PMID- 3854156
TI  - [Drawing up the drug orders].

PMID- 3854157
TI  - [Care of urology patients].

PMID- 3854158
TI  - [Duties of the medical workers in bus transportation enterprises].

PMID- 3854159
TI  - [Operational safety of xeroradiographic units].

PMID- 3854160
TI  - Child abuse.

PMID- 3854161
TI  - Multiple births--women's needs.

PMID- 3854162
TI  - Overpopulation.

PMID- 3854163
TI  - Is shock the mode of death in SIDS?
AB  - Sequential morphological changes as found in the organs of 179 SIDS infants are
      described. Detailed examination of macroscopic and microscopic heart lesions
      reveal extensive myocardial lesions which can be best described as selective
      focal anoxic muscle fibre necrosis at different developmental stages. Varying
      from case to case the myocardial lesions present themselves in an acute and
      subacute phases, and in most cases both phases are present at the same time.
      These lesions are shown to be identical with the myocardial lesions as
      encountered in shock and many other conditions observed in clinical cases and in
      experimental laboratory animals. Lesions in other organs are consistent with the
      effects due to cardiogenic shock. A conclusion is reached that cardiogenic shock
      leading to acute cardiac failure is the primary final cause of death in all SIDS
      infants.

PMID- 3854164
TI  - In search of a physiological function for L-ergothioneine.
AB  - Since its discovery at the turn of the century, attempts to define a
      physiological function for L-ergothioneine have been unsuccessful. This paper
      suggests several possible functions for this enigmatic compound or its
      metabolites. These include: transport of cations or carbon dioxide, catalysis of
      carboxylation or decarboxylation reactions, mediation of thyroid or antithyroid
      function, histaminic or antihistaminic action, and cholinergic or anticholinergic
      action.

PMID- 3854165
TI  - Are rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus inversely related
      diseases?
AB  - Although rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have
      certain features in common, the literature suggests that the two diseases are
      inversely related to each other in at least eight major respects, viz., age of
      onset in relation to reproductive fertility; psychosis; kidney disease;
      nutritional status; and the differential effects of pregnancy, oral contraceptive
      use, jaundice, and penicillamine. It is suggested that associated with RA and SLE
      are differing blood and/or tissue levels of a common but as yet undetermined
      factor: deficient levels in RA, toxic levels in SLE.

PMID- 3854167
TI  - Apoptosis, lymphocytotoxicity and the containment of viral infections.
AB  - It is generally agreed that cellular immunity plays an important role in limiting
      certain primary viral infections. Morphological studies indicate that cell death
      induced by T cells, K cells and NK cells takes the form of apoptosis, not
      classical necrosis. Killing of a virus-infected cell by either of these means
      prior to the assembly of infectious virus would clearly contain the infection.
      Our hypothesis is that the exclusive involvement of apoptosis in
      lymphocytotoxicity may have additional advantages in preventing virus
      dissemination. Firstly, a very early event in apoptosis is activation of
      endogenous, non-lysosomal endonuclease, and this might destroy virus. Secondly,
      apoptosis results in the formation of membrane-bounded cell fragments, which are
      phagocytosed intact and digested within the lysosomes of adjacent cells. In
      contrast, necrosis is characteristically associated with rupture of the cell
      membrane and release of cellular contents; its induction by non-budding viruses
      aids in spread of the infection.

PMID- 3854166
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus, renal disease, hemodialysis and vitamin A.
AB  - Recent studies indicate that clinically-active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
      is uncommon in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing long-term
      hemodialysis. Several lines of indirect evidence suggest that the dialysis
      procedure itself may be responsible for inducing remission; that SLE could
      reflect a toxicity reaction to excessive tissue levels of vitamin A; and that
      remission associated with dialysis may be due to a gradual reduction in vitamin A
      levels at the sites of SLE activity.

PMID- 3854168
TI  - The frequency distributions of biochemical variables: Gaussian or log-Gaussian?
AB  - Serum sodium and total calcium concentrations were measured in 677 apparently
      healthy Caucasian men aged 30-39 years. The frequency distributions of these
      variables could be described equally satisfactorily as either Gaussian or log
      Gaussian. Since other biochemical variables (for example, serum bilirubin and
      alkaline phosphatase) have frequency distributions which are much better
      described as log-Gaussian, the unifying hypothesis is proposed that all
      biochemical variables have basically log-Gaussian distributions, and that the
      apparently Gaussian distributions of certain variables (such as sodium and
      calcium) arise because of the relatively narrow ranges of values encountered in
      the healthy population.

PMID- 3854169
TI  - Could supplementary dietary tryptophan and taurine prevent epileptic seizures?
AB  - Roles for melatonin, taurine, and the pineal gland in epilepsy are examined.
      Cerebrospinal fluid melatonin and taurine may be natural anticonvulsants. The
      flow of cerebrospinal fluid may bathe the medial and lateral geniculate ganglia
      and the superior and inferior colliculli with these anticonvulsant substances.
      Supplemental dietary taurine and tryptophan could be of value in the treatment
      and prevention of seizures.

PMID- 3854170
TI  - Mechanisms of tissue damage resulting from the use of oral water irrigation
      devices.
AB  - Oral water irrigation devices (WIDs) are widely used for oral physiotherapy in
      homes and dental clinics throughout the world. A major area of concern in the use
      of WIDs has been the possibility of injury to the sulcular epithelium and
      underlying tissue. There are several documented clinical cases of tissue injury
      with the use of WIDs. The existing WIDs exert excessive pressures on the sulcular
      epithelium. Although it is known that the high jet impact pressures exerted by
      the WIDs cause the tissue damage, the underlying damage mechanisms are poorly
      understood. The damage to the sulcular epithelium and underlying tissue is
      mediated through several physiological and micromechanical processes and
      includes, among others, the following damage mechanisms: pressure-induced,
      diffusion-mediated, deposition of bacteria and toxins into the underlying tissue,
      damage to the collagen network integrity in the tissue, damage to the blood and
      lymphatic microcirculation, especially damage to the anchoring filaments attached
      to the terminal lymphatic wall, and direct mechanical damage due to abnormal
      shear forces induced by the jet. All these damage processes could lead to tissue
      necrosis.

PMID- 3854171
TI  - The advancement of nursing practice and related theory.

PMID- 3854172
TI  - Pain: a decade of nursing.

PMID- 3854174
TI  - Whom do you care for?

PMID- 3854173
TI  - Nursing assessment of the cancer patient who has protracted pain.

PMID- 3854175
TI  - What about the carers?

PMID- 3854176
TI  - Conflict or co-operation?--an overview. New nurses: new boundaries.

PMID- 3854177
TI  - Professional development--is it your business?

PMID- 3854178
TI  - Shaping the future pattern of Community Nursing Services (Mental Health).

PMID- 3854179
TI  - Team nursing.

PMID- 3854180
TI  - [Interrelation of the kallikrein-kinin and fibrinolytic systems in the
      pathogenesis of acute arterial obstruction].

PMID- 3854181
TI  - [Effect of progesterone on experimental pulmonary emphysema].

PMID- 3854182
TI  - [Cryosurgery in urology].

PMID- 3854183
TI  - [Infant feeding].

PMID- 3854184
TI  - [Pupil and teacher].

PMID- 3854185
TI  - [A healthy youth means an auspicious tomorrow].

PMID- 3854186
TI  - [Social adaptation of patients after strokes].

PMID- 3854187
TI  - [We must give ourselves gladly. Interview by Iwona Krysiak].

PMID- 3854188
TI  - [Far from home. Interview by Halina Bykowska].

PMID- 3854189
TI  - [Malignant neoplasms of the vulva and vagina].

PMID- 3854190
TI  - [That they may be good].

PMID- 3854191
TI  - [Self-instruction].

PMID- 3854192
TI  - [Ocular changes in toxoplasmosis].

PMID- 3854193
TI  - [Oxyuriasis].

PMID- 3854194
TI  - [Managerial personnel].

PMID- 3854195
TI  - [The hospitalized child].

PMID- 3854196
TI  - [Anemia and nutrition].

PMID- 3854197
TI  - [Children with respiratory system diseases].

PMID- 3854198
TI  - [So the work might the easier].

PMID- 3854199
TI  - [Tuberculosis--the scale of the problem].

PMID- 3854200
TI  - [Those who have won the red diploma].

PMID- 3854201
TI  - [Joint success].

PMID- 3854203
TI  - [Canadian Nurses' Association].

PMID- 3854202
TI  - [Thank you my dear].

PMID- 3854204
TI  - [Perinatal care].

PMID- 3854205
TI  - [Responsibility].

PMID- 3854206
TI  - [Assessment of the professional attitude].

PMID- 3854207
TI  - [Rational psychotherapy].

PMID- 3854208
TI  - [The 1st menses].

PMID- 3854209
TI  - [Diseases of the circulatory system in infants].

PMID- 3854210
TI  - [So that the work might be easier].

PMID- 3854211
TI  - [Genetic and immunological aspects of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3854212
TI  - [Psychosocial problems of nursing care].

PMID- 3854213
TI  - [An expression of appreciation. Interview by Iwona Krysiak].

PMID- 3854214
TI  - [Under rather difficult conditions].

PMID- 3854215
TI  - [Tuberculosis--etiology and diagnosis].

PMID- 3854216
TI  - [Health and social care in Canada].

PMID- 3854217
TI  - [Effect of drugs on the fetus].

PMID- 3854219
TI  - [Control of work].

PMID- 3854218
TI  - [Supervision over the school. Interview by Maria Lesnikowska].

PMID- 3854220
TI  - [Home school of childbirth].

PMID- 3854221
TI  - [Study of scientific knowledge in the introduction and fundamentals of nursing].

PMID- 3854222
TI  - [Activities of nurses in supply centers and their expectations regarding teaching
      of nursing at the graduate level in these areas].

PMID- 3854223
TI  - [Preventive procedures developed by nurses to avoid cross infections].

PMID- 3854224
TI  - [Nursing and humanization of patients].

PMID- 3854225
TI  - [Brazilian women's territory and Brazilian nurses' territory].

PMID- 3854226
TI  - [General ideas on a systems approach to nurses' learning activities].

PMID- 3854227
TI  - [Why do we institutionalize our aged?].

PMID- 3854228
TI  - [Motivation in nursing education and care].

PMID- 3854229
TI  - [Conceptual framework for teaching and research in basic nursing--a viewpoint].

PMID- 3854230
TI  - [Professional qualifications in the nursing field].

PMID- 3854231
TI  - [Teachers' responsibility in the education of medium-level personnel].

PMID- 3854232
TI  - Acute complications of cancer.

PMID- 3854233
TI  - Assessment of the acutely ill cancer patient.

PMID- 3854234
TI  - Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and nursing implications.

PMID- 3854235
TI  - Complications of the myeloproliferative system: infection and sepsis.

PMID- 3854236
TI  - Ectopic hormonal production: nursing implications.

PMID- 3854237
TI  - Malignant effusions and their management.

PMID- 3854238
TI  - Acute pulmonary disorders associated with cancer.

PMID- 3854239
TI  - Neurologic emergencies in oncology.

PMID- 3854241
TI  - Family coping: helping families help themselves.

PMID- 3854240
TI  - The prevention and treatment of immediate hypersensitivity reactions from cancer
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3854242
TI  - Future nursing considerations for the acutely ill cancer patient.

PMID- 3854243
TI  - [Protectors of the gastric mucosa and antacids].

PMID- 3854244
TI  - [Alcoholic polyneuritis].

PMID- 3854245
TI  - [Cauda equina syndromes].

PMID- 3854246
TI  - [Iatrogenic peripheral neuropathy].

PMID- 3854247
TI  - [Anatomy and physiology of nerve fibers].

PMID- 3854248
TI  - [A patient with diabetic neuropathy. Case report].

PMID- 3854249
TI  - [Family allowances (3)].

PMID- 3854250
TI  - [Professional documentation. Contribution to the quality of nursing care].

PMID- 3854251
TI  - [The nurse's equilibrium in the hospital setting].

PMID- 3854252
TI  - [Current syphilis is no myth].

PMID- 3854253
TI  - [Droleptan].

PMID- 3854255
TI  - [Care of the body and psychosis].

PMID- 3854254
TI  - [Biofeedback].

PMID- 3854256
TI  - [Tattooing in the psychopathic patient. The parchment body].

PMID- 3854257
TI  - [Psychotherapeutic relaxation technics. "The future in question"].

PMID- 3854258
TI  - [J.H. Schultz' autogenic training. A relaxation method using concentrated auto
      decontraction].

PMID- 3854259
TI  - [Education. Library conditions in nursing schools should be completely
      evaluated].

PMID- 3854260
TI  - [ICN Congress expression of unique professional solidarity].

PMID- 3854261
TI  - [ICN needs analyzed by individual organizations].

PMID- 3854262
TI  - [Institution and society. Change-over process from active hospital to geriatric
      center].

PMID- 3854263
TI  - [Work environment. Principle on instruction established. Interview by Jesper
      Jespersen].

PMID- 3854264
TI  - [Physicians' criticism of occupational health services should not go
      unchallenged].

PMID- 3854265
TI  - [Executive Board. Professional policy preparedness depends on information].

PMID- 3854266
TI  - [Dane in Goteborg saved with effective ambulance effort].

PMID- 3854267
TI  - [Student activities. Student nurses in Scandinavia meet about education].

PMID- 3854268
TI  - [Psychiatry. We neglect the psychological care in Sundbygard].

PMID- 3854269
TI  - [How do we avoid being taken advantage of politically in the future?].

PMID- 3854270
TI  - [Psychiatry. Population needs an improved psychiatric service level].

PMID- 3854271
TI  - [Health visiting. Project has revealed how it could yield a preventive effort].

PMID- 3854272
TI  - [Work environment. Branch Safety Councils getting better at informing outside].

PMID- 3854273
TI  - [Genetic studies and counseling in relation to VTO (early detection of
      developmental disorders)].

PMID- 3854274
TI  - Two-step purification of tryptophan-accepting tRNA from Bacillus
      stearothermophilus.
AB  - Tryptophan-accepting tRNA has been purified essentially to homogeneity from
      Bacillus stearothermophilus. Crude tRNA was chromatographed first on benzoylated
      DEAE-cellulose and then on Sepharose 4B with reverse salt gradient elution. The
      product has tryptophan acceptor activity in excess of 2 nmol [14C]tryptophan per
      A260 unit. This procedure avoids costly aminoacylation, a step characteristic of
      other one- and two-step procedures. In two separate purifications 7 and 11 mg of
      tRNAtrp were prepared from 750 and 1000 g of frozen cells, respectively. This
      yield compares favorably with that from other procedures. The pure tRNAtrp has
      been crystallized under several different conditions.

PMID- 3854275
TI  - Asphyxia and hyaline membrane disease in neonatal monkeys.
AB  - An animal model for studying the relationship between perinatal asphyxia and
      hyaline membrane disease (HMD) is described. The HMD developed in these Macaca
      mulatta (rhesus) and M. arctoides (stump tail) monkeys was clinically,
      physiologically, and histologically similar to that seen in human infants. The
      monkeys were delivered by cesarean section at a gestational age of 85-91% of term
      when surfactant, though present, was less than mature levels. Asphyxia at birth
      proved to be an important factor in disease development. Five minutes of asphyxia
      immediately before the first breath greatly increased the incidence and severity
      of HMD when compared to nonasphyxiated controls of a similar gestational age.
      Amniotic fluid L/S ratios did not differ significantly in the asphyxiated and
      control groups but data based on static pressure-volume studies of the excised
      lungs indicated that the surfactant activity of the asphyxiated group was
      significantly less. Lung maturity with regard to surfactant production appears to
      be a critical factor. The data from these experiments, together with data cited
      in the literature, strongly suggest that the lung and its surfactant system is
      most vulnerable to hypoxia and/or acidosis during the early stages of surfactant
      production. The asphyxiated non-human primate model used here should prove
      valuable for studying the pathogenesis of HMD and especially for further
      clarifying the relationship between perinatal asphyxia and HMD.

PMID- 3854276
TI  - Nursing homes in Australia: staffing and standards.

PMID- 3854278
TI  - Interdisciplinary health teams: a question of attitude.

PMID- 3854277
TI  - Professional preparation: some observations on health knowledge and health
      attitudes.

PMID- 3854279
TI  - New horizons: literary studies in the nursing course.

PMID- 3854280
TI  - Changing nursing: a Netherlands perspective.

PMID- 3854281
TI  - Antimicrobial therapy in dialysis patients. I. Penicillins and cephalosporins.
AB  - Antibiotic therapy, using penicillins or cephalosporins, is frequently required
      in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Points to consider are dose adjustment
      for drugs which are excreted via the kidney, drug dialysability, and cumulation
      with frequent occurrence of side reactions, neurotoxicity and bleeding being the
      clinically most important ones. For third-generation cephalosporins with N
      methylthiotetrazole side chain, impaired intrahepatic vitamin K metabolism may
      cause problems of hemostasis which can be avoided by dose adjustment and
      prophylactic administration of vitamin K1.

PMID- 3854282
TI  - A profile of the new young chronic patient: implications for psychiatric nursing
      for the 90's.

PMID- 3854283
TI  - Dealing with disturbed and aggressive behavior.

PMID- 3854284
TI  - Prevention and management of disturbed behavior.

PMID- 3854286
TI  - [Nursing of patients after homotransplantation of the testis].

PMID- 3854287
TI  - [Nursing of patients after removal of pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 3854285
TI  - Susceptibility of some Staphylococcus species to aminoglycosides.
AB  - The Staphylococcal strains, identified by "The Simplified Lyogroups System" were
      tested for their susceptibility to methicillin and some aminoglycosides. The
      results, besides showing a higher ratio of susceptibility against aminoglycosides
      in methicillin-susceptible (MS) strains, show a different trend within each
      lyogroup. A total of 1616 wild Staphylococcus strains were isolated in
      microbiological units in Catania, Messina, Rome and Genoa. The results show a
      high susceptibility to aminoglycosides, both in MS and methicillin-resistant (MR)
      groups but with different trends among lyogroups.

PMID- 3854288
TI  - [Nursing of patients undergoing auto-control ileostomy].

PMID- 3854289
TI  - [Transplantation of the abdominal external oblique muscle in flail-knee].

PMID- 3854290
TI  - [T-tube obstruction following an operation on the bile duct: clinical analysis].

PMID- 3854291
TI  - [Ventriculus lateralis cerebro-vesical shunt and patient care].

PMID- 3854292
TI  - [Nursing of patients wtih arterial injuries of the extremities].

PMID- 3854293
TI  - [Index of the nursing of patients with heart failure].

PMID- 3854294
TI  - [Care of a patient with septicemia after attempted suicide by hanging].

PMID- 3854295
TI  - [ECG monitoring of patients with heart diseases during tooth extraction].

PMID- 3854296
TI  - [Prevention of cross infection in the nursery].

PMID- 3854297
TI  - [Microsome pollution of syringes and ampules cut by various methods].

PMID- 3854298
TI  - [Intramuscular injection in the gluteal region: selection and use].

PMID- 3854299
TI  - [Assessment of management skills].

PMID- 3854300
TI  - [AIDS--implications for South African nurses. II].

PMID- 3854301
TI  - Teenage pregnancy--a contemporary problem of adolescence.

PMID- 3854302
TI  - Sex education--fact or fiction?

PMID- 3854304
TI  - South African Nursing Council examinations.

PMID- 3854303
TI  - Health education needs of the youth.

PMID- 3854305
TI  - Education for life.

PMID- 3854306
TI  - [Foot care in the elderly--2. General foot care for the elderly].

PMID- 3854307
TI  - Inservice training in nursing.

PMID- 3854308
TI  - [The past as initial treatment].

PMID- 3854309
TI  - Conformational changes of complement components C3 and B induced at higher
      temperature.
AB  - When purified C3 or B of human complement was incubated at various temperatures
      for 30 min, B lost most of its antibody combining capability at 46 degrees C, and
      C3 lost it at higher than 50 degrees C. When C3, heated B, D and Mg++ ions were
      incubated, there was a precipitous decrease in C3 conversion in the presence of
      heated B between 44 and 46 degrees C. No C3 conversion was observed in the
      presence of B heated at 50 degrees C. When C3 heated higher than 50 degrees C was
      incubated with B, D and Mg++ ions, C3 conversion decreased dramatically, but B
      was converted almost normally, suggesting that B could be complexed with heated
      and conformationally altered C3 and cleaved by D. The fluorescence intensity of
      heated C3 excited at 288 nm gradually decreased between 44 and 46 degrees C. The
      fluorescence 288 nm gradually decreased between 44 and 46 degrees C. The
      fluorescence intensity of C3 was slightly increased by 1-anilino-8-naphthalene
      sulfonate (ANS) at 50 degrees C and significantly increased at 56 degrees C,
      while ANS enhancement of fluorescence of B began at 46 degrees C and was
      significant at 50 degrees C, indicating that the surface of B and C3 became
      hydrophobic between 44 and 46 degrees C, and 46 and 50 degrees C, respectively.
      These results suggest that conformations of C3 and B have low melting points at
      which they change confirmations drastically.

PMID- 3854310
TI  - Strengthening our networks.

PMID- 3854311
TI  - Passing NCLEX (National Council Licensure Examinations).

PMID- 3854312
TI  - An analysis of trends in nursing practice.

PMID- 3854313
TI  - Interim report on the National Council's Study of Nursing Practice.

PMID- 3854314
TI  - An analysis of trends in the legislation and regulation of nursing practice.

PMID- 3854315
TI  - The last taboo: roadblocks to researching menarche.

PMID- 3854316
TI  - Identifying social support components in prenatal populations: a multivariate
      analysis on alcohol consumption.

PMID- 3854317
TI  - The relationship of age and other variables to gratification in mothering.

PMID- 3854318
TI  - The market for nurse practitioner services among women 18 to 40 years of age.

PMID- 3854320
TI  - A critique of research: a feminist perspective.

PMID- 3854319
TI  - Factors related to women's preferences for OBGYN care providers: an explanatory
      survey.

PMID- 3854321
TI  - Sex role identity and depression in nurses.

PMID- 3854322
TI  - The psychology of female infertility: toward a new perspective.

PMID- 3854323
TI  - Induced abortion: reported and observed practice in Taiwan.

PMID- 3854324
TI  - The relationship between social support and psychological well-being in
      rheumatoid arthritic women from two ethnic groups.

PMID- 3854325
TI  - Isolation and characterization of porcine leukocyte elastase. Leukocyte elastase
      inhibitor complexes in porcine blood, II.
AB  - Porcine leukocyte elastase was purified from granulocytes by chelating
      chromatography on copper chelate Sepharose and by ion exchange chromatography on
      CM-Sepharose. Thus an enzyme preparation with a specific activity (substrate:
      MeOSuc(Ala)2ProValNan) of 89.3 U/mg protein was obtained. Dodecyl sulphate gel
      electrophoresis revealed one protein band corresponding to a molecular mass of 27
      kDa. The amino acid composition was determined and isoleucine was identified as
      the only N-terminal amino acid residue. The bimolecular velocity constant for the
      inhibition by diisopropyl fluorophosphate was determined as 2000 1 . mol-1 . min
      1. The dissociation constants, Ki, of the complexes of porcine leukocyte elastase
      with various inhibitors were calculated. The kinetic constants for the elastase
      catalysed hydrolysis of MeOSuc(Ala)2ProValNan, Suc(Ala)2ValNan and Suc(Ala)3Nan
      were determined, as well as the kinetic constants of the inactivation of
      leukocyte elastase by active site mapping reagents. Detergents such as Triton X
      100, Tween 20 and Brij 35, as well as porcine serum albumin, activated the
      porcine leukocyte elastase preparation.

PMID- 3854326
TI  - Evaluating teaching skills instruction for maternal-infant health care providers.

PMID- 3854328
TI  - Educational efforts to support primary nursing.

PMID- 3854327
TI  - Staff development: a functional program.

PMID- 3854329
TI  - You be the jury.

PMID- 3854330
TI  - Teaching time management to ward clerks.

PMID- 3854331
TI  - Decentralized CPR.

PMID- 3854333
TI  - Standards-based evaluation of hospital nursing education services.

PMID- 3854332
TI  - Learning needs assessment: a complex process.

PMID- 3854334
TI  - Improving pregnancy outcome with nurse-midwifery care.

PMID- 3854335
TI  - Birth in the left lateral position--an alternative to the traditional delivery
      position.

PMID- 3854336
TI  - Evaluation of the mean arterial pressure to predict hypertension in pregnant
      adolescents.

PMID- 3854337
TI  - Relationship of the birth experience to later mothering behaviors.

PMID- 3854338
TI  - Breast feeding after reduction mammoplasty.

PMID- 3854339
TI  - Midwifery management of premature rupture of the membranes at term.

PMID- 3854340
TI  - A second look at recordkeeping.

PMID- 3854341
TI  - Reciprocity for midwives: the time has come.

PMID- 3854343
TI  - Nurse-midwifery care of adolescents.

PMID- 3854342
TI  - Siblings at birth: impact on parents.

PMID- 3854344
TI  - Concurrent validity of Leopold's maneuvers in determining fetal presentation and
      position.

PMID- 3854345
TI  - Cost averted by providing comprehensive prenatal care to teenagers.

PMID- 3854346
TI  - The scultetus binder.

PMID- 3854347
TI  - Professional liability risk management and incident management in obstetrics.

PMID- 3854348
TI  - Frequency of labor dysfunction in nulliparas over the age of thirty.

PMID- 3854349
TI  - The success and failure of a nurse-midwifery practice--some personal reflections.

PMID- 3854350
TI  - Comparative study of Cambodian, Hmong, and Caucasian infant and maternal
      perinatal profiles.

PMID- 3854351
TI  - Factors contributing to client nonuse of the Cardiff Count-to-ten fetal activity
      chart.

PMID- 3854353
TI  - Midwifery management of prodromal labor.

PMID- 3854352
TI  - The Papanicolaou smear.

PMID- 3854354
TI  - Responding to claims and lawsuits.

PMID- 3854355
TI  - Transcultural nursing: bridging the gap. Abstracts from the 1985 APON Conference,
      October 16-19, 1985; Key biscayne, Florida.

PMID- 3854356
TI  - Clinical problems: teaching patients and their family about laminar air flow
      environment.

PMID- 3854357
TI  - Research: an overview of quasi-experimental design.

PMID- 3854358
TI  - Lorazepam as an antiemetic.

PMID- 3854359
TI  - Development of a program using general anesthesia for invasive procedures in a
      pediatric outpatient setting.

PMID- 3854361
TI  - [Research to evaluate nursing actions. Commentary: meaning of teaching research
      in education].

PMID- 3854360
TI  - Innervation of the late distal nephron: an autoradiographic and ultrastructural
      study.
AB  - A study of the monoaminergic innervation of the cortical distal nephron beyond
      the thick ascending limb of Henle (TALH) was carried out by surveying nine
      autoradiograms, from three rats injected with exogenous tritiated norepinephrine,
      for overlapping of the tubule by accumulations of autoradiographic grains (AAGs).
      The largest number of the AAGs appeared on the late distal convoluted tubule
      connecting tubule (LDCT-CNT) portion and the vast majority of the AAGs were
      related to the afferent arteriole. The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and
      cortical collecting duct (CCD) showed half of their AAGs related to the efferent
      arterioles and capillary-interstitium although a substantial amount was
      associated with the afferent arterioles or arteries. Electron microscopy of
      reembedded autoradiograms demonstrated the presence of neuroeffector junctions
      with the CNT and CCD at sites of AAG overlap. The presence of adrenoceptors in
      the late distal nephron suggests the possibility of a local response of the
      nephron to the action of the adrenergic nerves shown in this study.

PMID- 3854363
TI  - [Commentary; a thought on nursing evaluation].

PMID- 3854362
TI  - [Commentary; the evaluation of counseling in clinical psychology].

PMID- 3854364
TI  - [Commentary; the evaluation of guidance for practice].

PMID- 3854365
TI  - [Case report: a trial to evaluate nursing actions].

PMID- 3854366
TI  - [A study of support concepts in day care].

PMID- 3854367
TI  - [In a corner of the laboratory (4). Multiplicity of meaning in Japanese and
      differentiation in English].

PMID- 3854368
TI  - [For beginners in nursing research. Report: working and motherhood].

PMID- 3854369
TI  - [Distinguished guests and participants in the Midwifery Day].

PMID- 3854370
TI  - [Study tour to the DDR].

PMID- 3854371
TI  - [Professional practice and specialization in nursing].

PMID- 3854372
TI  - [Evaluation of nursing administration by systematic thinking. 5].

PMID- 3854373
TI  - [Review of the basic nursing program for schools of nursing in universities and
      the experimental project. Report of Nursing Educational System Review Committee].

PMID- 3854374
TI  - [Nursing issues to be encountered toward the 21st century--from the general and
      special interest sessions].

PMID- 3854376
TI  - [Nurses--a force for what? From NCFI meeting].

PMID- 3854375
TI  - [Propositions for nursing education to accommodate the changes in social support
      for nursing].

PMID- 3854377
TI  - [Professional visits].

PMID- 3854378
TI  - [Seeking one's own identity].

PMID- 3854379
TI  - [Visiting Nursing Services in the U.S.A. 9].

PMID- 3854381
TI  - [Evaluation of nursing service administration by systematic thinking. 2].

PMID- 3854380
TI  - [Nursing and counseling--from case studies].

PMID- 3854382
TI  - [The generation and classification of nursing diagnoses].

PMID- 3854383
TI  - [What nurses should do to maintain patients' social environment].

PMID- 3854384
TI  - [Nurses' attitude to patients, Japan and USA].

PMID- 3854385
TI  - [Encouraging activities to promote independence--special program at a psychiatric
      patients' home in Saitama].

PMID- 3854386
TI  - [Exchange with the villagers--inhabitants at a home for mentally retarded in
      Hokkaido].

PMID- 3854387
TI  - [Isolated patients at a national sanitorium].

PMID- 3854388
TI  - [Average years of stay, 35 years--long isolated life at a national Hansen's
      disease sanitorium].

PMID- 3854389
TI  - [Visiting Nursing Services in the U.S.A. 5].

PMID- 3854390
TI  - [Teaching poetry at the school of nursing--for improving imagination. 19].

PMID- 3854391
TI  - [Visiting Nursing Services in the U.S.A. 6].

PMID- 3854392
TI  - [Evaluation of nursing administration by systematic thinking. 3].

PMID- 3854393
TI  - [Lydia Hall's place in the development of theory in nursing].

PMID- 3854394
TI  - [Problems surrounding mental health care].

PMID- 3854395
TI  - [Teaching terminal care in a basic course].

PMID- 3854397
TI  - [Learning through teaching].

PMID- 3854396
TI  - [A visit to my mother-in-law in a hospice in a small English town].

PMID- 3854398
TI  - [Our experience at Seirei Hospice].

PMID- 3854399
TI  - [Death education in nursing education. Education on death and dying].

PMID- 3854400
TI  - [Death education in nursing education].

PMID- 3854401
TI  - [Examples of undesirable infant care].

PMID- 3854402
TI  - [Teaching poetry at the school of nursing--for improving imagination. 20].

PMID- 3854403
TI  - [Coffee and pancreatic cancer--halothane and ethyl ether inhalation therapy for
      acute severe asthma attacks].

PMID- 3854404
TI  - [Teaching poetry in the school of nursing--for improving imagination. 21].

PMID- 3854405
TI  - [Estrogen receptors in breast cancer--prophylactic sclerosing treatment of
      esophageal varices].

PMID- 3854406
TI  - [Nursing publicity--journalists' view of nursing. 4 of 6 family members being
      hospitalized].

PMID- 3854407
TI  - [Nursing as I see it through TV program preparation].

PMID- 3854408
TI  - [PHN activities--care of elderly persons].

PMID- 3854409
TI  - [A scandal at a psychiatric hospital and nursing personnel].

PMID- 3854410
TI  - [My first experience--contact with nurses at the hospital].

PMID- 3854412
TI  - [Nurses in Okinawa Prefecture].

PMID- 3854411
TI  - [Reactions to TV program on death of a cancer patient].

PMID- 3854413
TI  - [Nurses in TV drama].

PMID- 3854414
TI  - [Visiting Nursing Services in the U.S.A. 7].

PMID- 3854415
TI  - [Euphemisms in nursing's future].

PMID- 3854417
TI  - [Evaluation of nursing administration by systematic thinking. 4].

PMID- 3854416
TI  - [From teachers' side. Learning to do one's best and to live better].

PMID- 3854418
TI  - [Need for continuing education and role of the professional Association. Report
      of the Committee on continuing Nursing Education].

PMID- 3854419
TI  - [From teachers' side. Assisting students to learn rather than teaching].

PMID- 3854420
TI  - [From teachers' side. Difficulties in teaching].

PMID- 3854421
TI  - [From students' side. Learning experiences at the hospital].

PMID- 3854422
TI  - [From students' side. Clinical experience in depth rather than acquisition of
      broad knowledge].

PMID- 3854423
TI  - [From students' side. Motivated by attractive teachers].

PMID- 3854424
TI  - [From students' side. Return to school from practice].

PMID- 3854426
TI  - [From teachers' side. Teaching and learning].

PMID- 3854425
TI  - [From students' side. When I was a student].

PMID- 3854427
TI  - [From students' side. Confidence in my teacher encouraged me to learning].

PMID- 3854428
TI  - [Is nursing's self-regulatory power being eroded?].

PMID- 3854430
TI  - [Nursing of bronchial asthma patients. Physiopathology of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3854429
TI  - [Visiting Nursing Services in the U.S.A. 8].

PMID- 3854431
TI  - [Nursing of bronchial asthma patients. Diagnosis and the therapeutic process for
      patients with bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3854432
TI  - [Nursing of bronchial asthma patients. Comprehending the overall status of
      patients wih bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3854433
TI  - [Nursing of bronchial asthma patients. Nursing planning for patients with
      bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3854434
TI  - [Nursing of bronchial asthma patients. The keypoints in nursing of a patient with
      bronchial asthma who has been hospitalized for an extended period and lost hope
      for recovery].

PMID- 3854435
TI  - [Nursing of bronchial asthma patients. Discussion: significance of recreation
      among patients who have been hospitalized for extended periods].

PMID- 3854436
TI  - [Lessons in the nursing practice. Reflection on the nurse's preoccupation with
      the diagnosis of schizophrenia].

PMID- 3854437
TI  - [Lessons in the nursing practice. Nursing of a patient with neuro-Behcet
      disease].

PMID- 3854438
TI  - [Lessons in clinical practice. Conference: efforts to reduce patients'
      psychological pain].

PMID- 3854440
TI  - [Sanya, a slum area in Japan].

PMID- 3854439
TI  - [Nursing of dying patients. 5. Sensitivity of dying patients].

PMID- 3854441
TI  - [Pre- and postoperative nursing of a patient with cerebral aneurysm].

PMID- 3854442
TI  - [Nursing of a puerperal patient having epileptic attacks and being apprehensive
      about child care].

PMID- 3854443
TI  - [Pain and the response of nurses to the patient].

PMID- 3854444
TI  - [Expressions of pain and differences in individuals].

PMID- 3854445
TI  - [Need to pay attention to patients reporting pain].

PMID- 3854446
TI  - [Loneliness of patients suffering pain].

PMID- 3854447
TI  - Treatment of the perineum by pulsed electro magnetic therapy.

PMID- 3854448
TI  - Supervisors of midwives.

PMID- 3854449
TI  - Midwives rule--OK!

PMID- 3854450
TI  - Counting the pennies. Interview by Anna Alexander.

PMID- 3854451
TI  - On the road again... the life of a commuter.

PMID- 3854452
TI  - Power through participation.

PMID- 3854453
TI  - The operating room nurse is an essential member of the surgical team.

PMID- 3854454
TI  - Practice makes perfect: improve your image through simulation.

PMID- 3854455
TI  - Front door cost containment.

PMID- 3854456
TI  - Fighting burnout among nurse managers.

PMID- 3854457
TI  - Nursing diagnosis: a psychiatric nurse's point of view.

PMID- 3854458
TI  - Identifying student-oriented faculty.

PMID- 3854459
TI  - Identification of health risk factors among undergraduate university students
      stage 2: health hazard appraisal.

PMID- 3854460
TI  - [A teaching experience of the concept "family system" and of the "family-sick
      person" intervention].

PMID- 3854461
TI  - Differences in communication behaviours of shy and non-shy student nurses in
      situations with evaluative potential.

PMID- 3854462
TI  - Sources of stress in third year baccalaureate nursing students.

PMID- 3854463
TI  - Sources and effects of anxiety in videotape learning experience.

PMID- 3854464
TI  - Pressure garments prevent heavy scarring.

PMID- 3854465
TI  - Towards providing standard patient care.

PMID- 3854466
TI  - Nursing in primary health care.

PMID- 3854468
TI  - Geriatric nursing: rest is to rust.

PMID- 3854467
TI  - Health messages through folk media: a critical review.

PMID- 3854469
TI  - Jurisprudence and the nurse.

PMID- 3854470
TI  - Perspectives on industrial nursing.

PMID- 3854471
TI  - Occupational health nursing in an industrial complex.

PMID- 3854473
TI  - The future of public health nursing.

PMID- 3854472
TI  - Newer concepts in management of primary health care.

PMID- 3854474
TI  - Health messages through folk media. II. Evaluation of the programmes.

PMID- 3854476
TI  - Skin cancer: a continuing problem.

PMID- 3854475
TI  - The response of human endometriotic implants to the anti-progesterone steroid R
      2323: a histologic and ultrastructural study.
AB  - The histology and ultrastructure of small endometriotic lesions were studied in
      19 patients before and after hormonal therapy with the anti-progesterone steroid
      R 2323 (Gestrinone). Histologic results demonstrate that treatment of
      endometriosis with this steroid does not result in complete elimination of the
      endometriotic foci, although glandular proliferation and secretion are arrested
      in most implants. The ultrastructural results indicate that this inhibition of
      proliferation and secretion is related to an enhanced activity of the lysosomal
      system in the epithelial cells of some endometriotic foci. In other implants, or
      even in other cells of the same foci, epithelial cells with only a small amount
      of supranuclear cytoplasm but lacking lysosomes may be found. The morphologic
      data demonstrate that the cellular involutionary response to the antiprogesterone
      drug Gestrinone involves an activation of the lysosomal system, an abortive
      apocrine secretion of cell remnants and finally, in some implants, an extrusion
      of individual epithelial cells. Since this involutionary process of endometriotic
      cells mimics the pre-menstrual lysosomal degradation in the endometrium, it is
      suggested that the competitive binding of the antiprogesterone Gestrinone to the
      progesterone receptors of endometriotic epithelium may cause a cellular
      progesterone withdrawal effect.

PMID- 3854477
TI  - Rehabilitation after disfigurative facial surgery.

PMID- 3854478
TI  - Trends in ambulatory surgery: changes in the marketplace.

PMID- 3854479
TI  - Plastic surgical nurses as first assistants: a survey.

PMID- 3854480
TI  - Office staff responsibilities in the prevention of plastic surgery malpractice
      suits: a practical guide.

PMID- 3854482
TI  - [The locomotive apparatus of the upper extremity (1). General osteology,
      principal fractures].

PMID- 3854481
TI  - [Serum elastase 1 in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases].

PMID- 3854483
TI  - [The water mattress (2). Technic].

PMID- 3854484
TI  - [Surgical technique of total knee arthroplasty].

PMID- 3854485
TI  - [Dressings nurse and instrument nurse during total knee arthroplasty].

PMID- 3854486
TI  - [Developments after total knee arthroplasty].

PMID- 3854487
TI  - [Functional reeducation after knee prosthesis].

PMID- 3854488
TI  - [Relationship between nursing service and laboratory].

PMID- 3854489
TI  - [Anatomy and physiology of the knee].

PMID- 3854491
TI  - [Architectural concept of the operating area].

PMID- 3854490
TI  - [The nurse in front of an asthma crisis].

PMID- 3854492
TI  - [Indications for total knee arthroplasty].

PMID- 3854493
TI  - [A community health promotion center].

PMID- 3854494
TI  - [In Luxemburg, an intermittent juvenile resuscitation service].

PMID- 3854495
TI  - [Asthmatic children: introduction and use of a method of education in a home of
      specialized sanitary characteristics].

PMID- 3854496
TI  - [A paper on home nursing care].

PMID- 3854497
TI  - [Reeducation in social behavior of the elderly].

PMID- 3854498
TI  - [Health education: bodily hygiene for children].

PMID- 3854499
TI  - [Taking care of the bottles in the nursing station].

PMID- 3854500
TI  - [Alphonse and Dominique].

PMID- 3854501
TI  - [A new nursing technic for the treatment of skin ulcers].

PMID- 3854503
TI  - [The nursing sector in an economic context].

PMID- 3854502
TI  - [Poor patient--poor doctor].

PMID- 3854504
TI  - [Inserting an oxygen tube (adults)].

PMID- 3854505
TI  - [The nurse and the awakening of the patient "in a state of coma"].

PMID- 3854506
TI  - [Behavior of the patient with brain injuries in rehabilitation. What does it mean
      in a rehabilitation service when one maintains that the behavior of a patient
      changes?].

PMID- 3854507
TI  - [The nurse and functional rehabilitation].

PMID- 3854508
TI  - [A course of nursing care in an after-care service for burn patients].

PMID- 3854509
TI  - [The nurse and rehabilitation of a patient with hand injuries].

PMID- 3854510
TI  - [Hygiene of fluidized beds].

PMID- 3854511
TI  - [Occupational medicine (1). Administrative organization--standards of the
      locations].

PMID- 3854512
TI  - [Round table discussion. Hepatitis B and protection of the nurse].

PMID- 3854513
TI  - [Rifampicin (1): Rifadin, Rimactane].

PMID- 3854514
TI  - [Ocular dressing with installation of eye drops].

PMID- 3854515
TI  - [Diagnosis of prolonged fevers. Role of the laboratory].

PMID- 3854516
TI  - [Diagnosis of isolated or associated fevers].

PMID- 3854517
TI  - [Prolonged fever. Searching for an etiology].

PMID- 3854518
TI  - [Homeothermy and fever].

PMID- 3854519
TI  - [Fever and cancer].

PMID- 3854520
TI  - [And if we collaborate!].

PMID- 3854521
TI  - [Observations on the care to be given to patients with prolonged fever].

PMID- 3854522
TI  - [The night of the old man].

PMID- 3854523
TI  - [Occupational medicine (2). Activities of the occupational physician].

PMID- 3854524
TI  - [Symptomatology of a febrile state].

PMID- 3854525
TI  - [Umuline].

PMID- 3854526
TI  - [Placing of an insulin pump. Subcutaneous route].

PMID- 3854527
TI  - [The team and pedagogics in the education of the diabetic].

PMID- 3854528
TI  - [Motivation and education of the diabetic patient].

PMID- 3854529
TI  - [Education of the diabetic. Methods of surveillance].

PMID- 3854530
TI  - [Diabetic complications and the role of the nurse].

PMID- 3854531
TI  - [The diabetic in everyday life].

PMID- 3854532
TI  - [Portable insulin infusers].

PMID- 3854534
TI  - [Patient education: one of the roles of the nursing personnel].

PMID- 3854533
TI  - [Education of the diabetic. Remission].

PMID- 3854535
TI  - [Presentation of a guide to the nurses records].

PMID- 3854536
TI  - [Comfeel Ulcus (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose)].

PMID- 3854537
TI  - [Bandaging a leg ulcer of venous origin with a plaque of Comfeel ulcus].

PMID- 3854538
TI  - [Computerization of public hospitals].

PMID- 3854539
TI  - [Computers and the nursing service: to what purpose?].

PMID- 3854540
TI  - [Computers and nursing care].

PMID- 3854541
TI  - [Nurses as a social force].

PMID- 3854542
TI  - [Study of hepatitis B vaccination].

PMID- 3854543
TI  - [From psychological automatism to psychasthenia].

PMID- 3854544
TI  - [The successful action and psychotherapeutic success].

PMID- 3854545
TI  - [The subconscious according to Pierre Janet].

PMID- 3854546
TI  - [Kaleorid].

PMID- 3854547
TI  - [Calcium inhibitors. Pharmacology].

PMID- 3854548
TI  - [Calcium inhibitors in the treatment of angina pectoris].

PMID- 3854549
TI  - [Other drugs used in angina pectoris].

PMID- 3854550
TI  - [Drug therapy of coronary ischemia].

PMID- 3854551
TI  - [Strategies in the medical treatment of angina pectoris].

PMID- 3854552
TI  - [Heart arrest].

PMID- 3854553
TI  - [Nitrate derivatives. Pharmacology].

PMID- 3854554
TI  - [Therapy with nitrate derivatives].

PMID- 3854556
TI  - [Cataracts in children].

PMID- 3854555
TI  - [Detection and treatment of strabismus in children].

PMID- 3854557
TI  - [Glaucoma in children].

PMID- 3854558
TI  - [Eye injuries].

PMID- 3854559
TI  - [Congenital cataract. Case reports].

PMID- 3854560
TI  - [Conjunctivitis in children].

PMID- 3854561
TI  - [From Kirkenes to the West Bank: the only nurse for 16,000 people].

PMID- 3854562
TI  - [Absenteeism and health].

PMID- 3854563
TI  - [Bilingual and nursing services].

PMID- 3854564
TI  - [Aged policy--aged care].

PMID- 3854565
TI  - [After Summer's end: burned out, guilt-ridden and worn out].

PMID- 3854566
TI  - [Ethics investigating committee: does the individual's responsibility disappear?.
      Interview by Bjorn Arild Ostby].

PMID- 3854567
TI  - Successful treatment with mezlocillin of a child infected by penicillin G
      resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 3854568
TI  - [Bjorn's message spreads over the entire country. Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3854569
TI  - [Stop reports from Health Care Planning and Rationalization about Soderby
      Hospital].

PMID- 3854570
TI  - [Unni in a private luxury hospital in Oslo: certainly it is an unfair system!.
      Interview by Christer Kallstrom].

PMID- 3854572
TI  - [Verdict in dialysis affair is being appealed--but will there be a new trial?].

PMID- 3854571
TI  - [Strong protest against dialysis verdict].

PMID- 3854573
TI  - Sucralfate.

PMID- 3854574
TI  - Library support to the nursing profession.

PMID- 3854575
TI  - The blood story. Part IV. Adverse reactions to blood transfusion.

PMID- 3854576
TI  - Using the computer for clinical placements.

PMID- 3854577
TI  - Excitement on campus.

PMID- 3854578
TI  - Nurse & the law. Birthing difficulties: a staffing problem?

PMID- 3854580
TI  - [Basis of nursing: in seeking a rich personality].

PMID- 3854579
TI  - Infections in immunocompromised patients. II. Established therapy and its
      limitations.
AB  - Diseases affecting host defense mechanisms include neutropenia, aplastic anemia,
      leukemia, lymphocytopenia (B- and T-lymphocyte abnormalities), deficiencies of
      complement, splenectomy, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and autoimmune
      diseases. Immunocompromised patients face frequent life-threatening complications
      of infections, particularly when they are hospitalized and receiving cytotoxic
      myelosuppressive drugs. Oral antimicrobial agents affect the flora of the host's
      alimentary tract, enhancing colonization by resistant, potentially pathogenic,
      strains and species, especially in a hospital environment. Nalidixic acid,
      oxolinic acid, pipemidic acid, polymyxins, co-trimoxazole, polyene antibiotics,
      and framycetin, which preserve anaerobic colon flora, do not affect the host's
      colonization resistance and can be given in oral doses high enough to suppress
      and clear susceptible potential pathogens from the intestinal tract. Such
      prophylactic treatment permits patients to stay hospitalized in ward conditions.
      In the compromised host who has fever and suspected septicemia, a decision
      concerning treatment should be made within an hour of notification of the
      patient's condition. In acute stages of life-threatening infection, the principal
      aim of antimicrobial chemotherapy is to provide the most potent treatment; at
      this stage, the accompanying side effects are less important. An essential
      component of therapy should be an aminoglycoside paired with a beta-lactam
      antibiotic. Because the incidence of staphylococcal resistance to antibiotics is
      high, preliminary sensitivity-testing is essential when staphylococcal sepsis
      threatens the life of a compromised host. Despite aggressive antibiotic therapy,
      more than half of immunocompromised patients and patients with severe underlying
      diseases die when gram-negative bacteria invade their blood. In these patients,
      medical or surgical removal of the septic focus is a major part of management,
      but plasma or plasma fractions should be given to correct hypovolemia, and an
      agent such as dopamine should be administered if volume replacement fails to
      restore adequate blood pressure. A high dose of corticosteroids should have a
      beneficial effect, and, for neutropenic patients with gram-negative bacteremia or
      fever, transfusion with functional neutrophils improves survival.

PMID- 3854581
TI  - [Comment on nursing by a former midwife: an effort to understand the patient].

PMID- 3854582
TI  - [To live as a midwife: beyond role-playing].

PMID- 3854584
TI  - [Life, sex, and death].

PMID- 3854583
TI  - [Regional practice of counseling (organization of an encounter group)].

PMID- 3854585
TI  - [An interview with Ms. Dorothea Lang].

PMID- 3854586
TI  - [Establishment of an ambulatory care service by midwives and its achievement].

PMID- 3854587
TI  - [Clinical tests in obstetrics. 1. Pregnancy tests].

PMID- 3854588
TI  - [Clinical comparison of cloth and paper diapers in the incidence of diaper rash
      in low birth weight infants].

PMID- 3854589
TI  - [Report on the 20th ICM (International Congress of Midwifery) at Sydney,
      Australia].

PMID- 3854590
TI  - [Changes in midwifery functions. 1. My encounter with the midwifery profession].

PMID- 3854591
TI  - [Clinical study of pharmacology. 10. Temporal study of delivery (3)].

PMID- 3854592
TI  - [IUGR and abnormalities].

PMID- 3854593
TI  - [Heart diseases and physiopathology of pregnancy, delivery, and puerperium].

PMID- 3854594
TI  - [Treatment of expectant patients with heart diseases].

PMID- 3854595
TI  - [Management of cardiac patients during delivery].

PMID- 3854596
TI  - [Nursing care of cardiac patients during pregnancy and puerperium].

PMID- 3854597
TI  - [Assessment and nursing plans for cardiac patients during pregnancy and
      puerperium].

PMID- 3854598
TI  - [Nursing of a pregnant patient with patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary
      hypertension].

PMID- 3854599
TI  - [Nursing research. On dietary instructions for pregnant patients].

PMID- 3854600
TI  - [My point of view: re-evaluation of the purpose of training at a public health
      clinic as part of the curriculum for midwifery education].

PMID- 3854601
TI  - [Nursing of an expectant patient with Basedow's disease].

PMID- 3854602
TI  - [Clinical pharmacology for midwives. 11. Temporal study of delivery].

PMID- 3854603
TI  - [Introduction to obstetrical endocrinology. 23. Sex differentiation and
      hormones].

PMID- 3854604
TI  - [Disturbances of umbilical blood flow and variable deceleration].

PMID- 3854606
TI  - [Clinical tests in obstetrics. 3. Tests for infertility (2)].

PMID- 3854605
TI  - [Clinical tests in obstetrics. 2. Tests for infertility (1)].

PMID- 3854608
TI  - [Mother-to-infant "bonding"].

PMID- 3854607
TI  - [Nursing re-evaluation of the early contact between mother and infant.
      Discussion].

PMID- 3854609
TI  - [Early mother-neonate contact and the mother-child relationship].

PMID- 3854610
TI  - [Self massaging of the breast: practice of puerperal breast care (the Suwa
      Maternity Clinic method)].

PMID- 3854611
TI  - [Better recognition of the midwifery profession: a comparison with the midwifery
      activities in the United States].

PMID- 3854612
TI  - [Obstetrics and type B hepatitis virus].

PMID- 3854613
TI  - [Changes in the midwifery profession. 3. Contributions by the members of the
      organizing committee of the Japanese Association of Midwifery and Public Health
      Nursing].

PMID- 3854614
TI  - [Clinical pharmacology for midwives. 12. Pregnancy complications: diabetes
      mellitus].

PMID- 3854615
TI  - [Introduction to obstetrical endocrinology. 24. Preliminary to sexual maturation-
      a rival of adolescence].

PMID- 3854616
TI  - [Risk associated with variable deceleration developing at stage 1 of delivery].

PMID- 3854617
TI  - [Clinical examination in obstetrics. 4. Diagnosis of infections].

PMID- 3854618
TI  - [On-the-job education of midwives].

PMID- 3854619
TI  - [Recommendation of on-the-job education at the obstetrical ward].

PMID- 3854620
TI  - [Experience in the ICU study as a midwife].

PMID- 3854621
TI  - [Expectation of on the on-the-job training: viewpoint of a physician].

PMID- 3854622
TI  - [Breast feeding of premature infants: a nursing viewpoint].

PMID- 3854623
TI  - [A new trend in midwifery practice: an observation at the Royal Women's Hospital,
      Australia].

PMID- 3854624
TI  - [Learning obstetrical nursing in basic nursing education: a survey of nursing
      students at our school in the past 5 years].

PMID- 3854625
TI  - [Explanation of terminology in neonatology].

PMID- 3854626
TI  - [Various approaches to childbirth and child rearing].

PMID- 3854628
TI  - [Infinite possibility in perinatal nursing].

PMID- 3854627
TI  - [Delivery by active birth].

PMID- 3854629
TI  - [Changes in the midwifery profession. 4. The 1948 legislation concerning public
      health, midwifery, and nursing practice].

PMID- 3854630
TI  - [Discussion: obstetrical nursing and the rights of mothers and children].

PMID- 3854631
TI  - [Educational evaluation].

PMID- 3854632
TI  - [Practice of dietetics].

PMID- 3854633
TI  - [Medical social work].

PMID- 3854634
TI  - [Clinical diagnosis in obstetrics. 5. Diagnosis of infections. (2)].

PMID- 3854635
TI  - [Sexual practice in modern Japan: a clinical view at a hospital].

PMID- 3854636
TI  - [Nursing actions in problems related to sex].

PMID- 3854638
TI  - [Expectation on midwives: a survey on sexual practice during pregnancy].

PMID- 3854637
TI  - [Nursing actions concerning sexual problems with special reference to sexuality].

PMID- 3854639
TI  - [Telephone consultation on sexual problems].

PMID- 3854640
TI  - [The roles of public health and medical personnel in relation to sex education].

PMID- 3854641
TI  - [Sex education at health service facilities].

PMID- 3854642
TI  - [Local sex education and consultation on sex-related problems].

PMID- 3854643
TI  - [Midwifery education in Australia].

PMID- 3854645
TI  - [On childbirth and child rearing. 2. Adolescence].

PMID- 3854644
TI  - [Incorporation of sex education during clinical training in regional maternal and
      child health care].

PMID- 3854646
TI  - [Changes in the midwifery profession. 5. The response to the 1948 legislation
      concerning public health, midwifery, and nursing practice].

PMID- 3854647
TI  - [Nursing actions in daily activities].

PMID- 3854648
TI  - [Basic course in neonatology. 2. Curves representing fetal growth and their
      utilization].

PMID- 3854649
TI  - [Relative and absolute evaluation. 1].

PMID- 3854650
TI  - [Dietary goal for expectant patients].

PMID- 3854651
TI  - [Medical social work: a focus on the familial situations of expectant patients].

PMID- 3854652
TI  - [Topics on intracranial hemorrhage of the newborn, with special reference to
      intraventricular hemorrhage (1)].

PMID- 3854653
TI  - [Clinical examination in obstetrics. 6. Diagnosis of infections (3): HB virus
      infections in pregnancy].

PMID- 3854654
TI  - [pregnancy and anemia: the mechanism of their interaction].

PMID- 3854655
TI  - [Management of anemia in pregnancy].

PMID- 3854656
TI  - [Nutritional education of pregnant women with anemia].

PMID- 3854657
TI  - [On methods of health education of pregnant patients with anemia--evaluation
      based on survey results].

PMID- 3854658
TI  - [Nursing of pregnant and puerperal patients with anemia].

PMID- 3854659
TI  - [Episiotomy in normal delivery].

PMID- 3854660
TI  - [Determination of gestational age].

PMID- 3854661
TI  - [Nursing approach to mothers who delivered premature or deformed infants for
      better mother-child relations].

PMID- 3854662
TI  - [Criticism and advice to the midwifery profession].

PMID- 3854665
TI  - [Relative and absolute evaluation. 2].

PMID- 3854664
TI  - [Changes in the midwifery profession. 6. The response to the 1948 legislation
      concerning public health, midwifery, and nursing practice].

PMID- 3854663
TI  - [On childbirth and child rearing. 3. The initial intercourse].

PMID- 3854666
TI  - [Energy count and energy intake].

PMID- 3854667
TI  - [A pleasure in medical social work: a visit by a former patient].

PMID- 3854668
TI  - [Intracranial hemorrhage of the newborn, with special reference to
      intraventricular hemorrhage (2)].

PMID- 3854669
TI  - [Matter of patients' privacy in nursing].

PMID- 3854670
TI  - [Continuing education in nursing: the current status in Japan].

PMID- 3854671
TI  - [Tentative plan for continuing education in nursing: experience during the past 3
      years since the establishment of Nursing Study Instruction Center at Chiba
      University School of Nursing].

PMID- 3854672
TI  - [Background and development of the Far East continuing nursing education program:
      license renewal and continuing education in the United States].

PMID- 3854673
TI  - [Reflection on the practice of continuing education].

PMID- 3854674
TI  - [Introduction to POS: methods of teaching. 2. Writing a scenario for the disease
      of an individual patient].

PMID- 3854675
TI  - [Training in electrocardiographic recording].

PMID- 3854676
TI  - [On nursing education. 38. Uniqueness and transformation of ideas in research of
      nursing technology].

PMID- 3854677
TI  - [Structure and function of education and learning. 2. On educational ideals].

PMID- 3854678
TI  - Nursing care study on measles.

PMID- 3854679
TI  - A report of the study tour on community nursing n Kenya from May to July 1984
      sponsored by the Commonwealth Foundation.

PMID- 3854681
TI  - The secret of passing examinations.

PMID- 3854680
TI  - How the future professional nurse can be helped to learn and internalise the
      moral character and professional obligation.

PMID- 3854682
TI  - Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women.

PMID- 3854683
TI  - Medical uncertainty, diagnostic testing, and legal liability.

PMID- 3854684
TI  - [Ocular pathology in middle and old age].

PMID- 3854686
TI  - [Spinal osteochondrosis].

PMID- 3854685
TI  - [Chronic gastritis in the middle-aged and elderly].

PMID- 3854687
TI  - [Clinical aspects and treatment of parkinsonism].

PMID- 3854688
TI  - [Care of parkinsonism patients].

PMID- 3854689
TI  - [Drug interactions in the elderly].

PMID- 3854690
TI  - [Use of kvadevit in geriatric practice].

PMID- 3854692
TI  - [Anesthesia in treating caries].

PMID- 3854691
TI  - [Risk factors for premature aging and its prevention].

PMID- 3854693
TI  - [Standardized case for carrying syringes].

PMID- 3854694
TI  - [Postgraduate training of nurses in the physiotherapy service].

PMID- 3854695
TI  - [Work of the district nurse with the elderly].

PMID- 3854696
TI  - [Aphthous stomatitis].

PMID- 3854697
TI  - [Ethics and deontology for the nurse].

PMID- 3854698
TI  - [Ischemic heart disease in the middle-aged and elderly].

PMID- 3854699
TI  - A report on PHC work in India.

PMID- 3854701
TI  - WHO-Regional office for Europe. Postbasic and graduate education for nurses.

PMID- 3854700
TI  - ILO-OIT: the growing and changing world of health care.

PMID- 3854702
TI  - The Pope and the Catholic associations.

PMID- 3854703
TI  - [The treatment of tetanus].

PMID- 3854704
TI  - [Rickettsiosis].

PMID- 3854705
TI  - [Cholera].

PMID- 3854706
TI  - [The plague].

PMID- 3854707
TI  - [The nurse's letter. Apropos of a cholera epidemic in the circle of "Dire",
      Republic of Mali].

PMID- 3854708
TI  - [Tetanus: clinical aspects].

PMID- 3854709
TI  - [Exotic treponematoses in Africa].

PMID- 3854710
TI  - [The nurse and primary health care in a community in the Cameroon].

PMID- 3854712
TI  - [Borreliosis].

PMID- 3854711
TI  - [Leptospirosis].

PMID- 3854713
TI  - A longitudinal study of internal medicine resident attitudes toward the medical
      history.

PMID- 3854714
TI  - An analysis of medical students' residency and specialty choices.

PMID- 3854715
TI  - A case study of primary care internal medicine alumni: I. Career paths and
      practice characteristics.

PMID- 3854716
TI  - Patients' responses to involvement in medical education.

PMID- 3854717
TI  - Summary of the evaluation of the Ethics in the Core Curriculum Project.

PMID- 3854718
TI  - The ethical implications of medical student involvement in the care and
      assessment of patients in teaching hospitals--informed consent from patients for
      student involvement. Part I: A description of the origin and implementation of
      policies governing medical student interaction with patients and compliance with
      Federal and JCAH guidelines.

PMID- 3854719
TI  - The ethical implications of medical student involvement in the care and
      assessment of patients in teaching hospitals--informed consent from patients for
      student involvement. Part II: A description of student behavioral practices and
      perspectives on the issue of informed consent for their involvement in patient
      care and assessment.

PMID- 3854720
TI  - Clinical competencies of graduating medical students.

PMID- 3854721
TI  - Morning report: a descriptive view from two different academic settings.

PMID- 3854722
TI  - The relationship of resident physicians' medical care performance to their
      medical recording.

PMID- 3854723
TI  - The Iowa Student Physician Inventory: toward the assessment of noncognitive
      characteristics of medical school applicants.

PMID- 3854724
TI  - Premedical predictors of a research career.

PMID- 3854725
TI  - Determinants of the size and composition of the pool of black applicants to
      medical school.

PMID- 3854726
TI  - The use of standardized (simulated) patients as a needs determining tool in
      continuing medical education.

PMID- 3854727
TI  - A practice-based CME program in hypertension using a medication and behavioral
      treatment approach.

PMID- 3854728
TI  - An investigation of physician self-directed learning activities.

PMID- 3854729
TI  - Physician consultation practices in small rural communities.

PMID- 3854730
TI  - The determination of passing scores on medical licensure examinations: should we
      monitor students with marginally passing scores?

PMID- 3854731
TI  - A criterion-referenced examination in ECG interpretation.

PMID- 3854732
TI  - The relationship of subtest and examination score from the Medical Science
      Knowledge Profile and Part 1 of the National Board Medical Examination.

PMID- 3854733
TI  - Empathy and psychosocial attitudes in medical school faculty and students.

PMID- 3854734
TI  - Process and product in clinical teaching: a correlational study.

PMID- 3854735
TI  - Do medical faculties value comprehensive care? The students' response.

PMID- 3854736
TI  - Measuring teaching excellence in clinical medicine: a faculty perspective.

PMID- 3854737
TI  - Discrepancies between physicians' training and practice: new challenges for
      graduate medical education.

PMID- 3854738
TI  - A topological paradigm of physician performance and competence.

PMID- 3854739
TI  - Preparing collaborative research proposals: three applications in medical
      education.

PMID- 3854740
TI  - Prevention of student attrition in medical school.

PMID- 3854741
TI  - Developing and nurturing the talents of minority high school students for careers
      in medicine.

PMID- 3854742
TI  - Self directed learning: wisdom from independent study programs.

PMID- 3854743
TI  - A prospectively-designed assessment of the condition diagramming method for
      teaching diagnostic reasoning.

PMID- 3854744
TI  - Medical student and resident "impairments": prediction, early recognition, and
      intervention. Should they be rehabilitated or should they be removed?

PMID- 3854745
TI  - Clinical teaching: three perspectives on faculty development.

PMID- 3854746
TI  - Medical understanding and its limits in clinical reasoning.

PMID- 3854747
TI  - Curricular reform at the structural level.

PMID- 3854748
TI  - Educational implications of the relationship between patient satisfaction and
      medical malpractice claims.

PMID- 3854749
TI  - The role of a student note-taking cooperative in a basic science curriculum.

PMID- 3854750
TI  - Teaching basic science: Dr. Fox in the physiology chicken coop.

PMID- 3854751
TI  - Utilization of the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in
      gynecology/obstetrics.

PMID- 3854752
TI  - Pretest in Medical Biochemistry, used to establish conference groups, becomes
      less sensitive predictor of course grade as curriculum density decreases.

PMID- 3854753
TI  - Curriculum development processes in ten innovative medical schools.

PMID- 3854754
TI  - Emergency medicine skills and topics in undergraduate education.

PMID- 3854755
TI  - A study of a probabilistic technique for teaching diagnostic skills to medical
      students.

PMID- 3854756
TI  - Knowledge integration from clinical texts: use of factual, inferential and
      integrative questions.

PMID- 3854757
TI  - Adapting a paradigm from cognitive science to medical education: problems and
      possible solutions.

PMID- 3854758
TI  - Publish and flourish: are you growing?

PMID- 3854759
TI  - Accountability: the consequence of autonomy.

PMID- 3854760
TI  - Trauma center designation: impact on nursing practice.

PMID- 3854761
TI  - The role of the professional nurse in family centered care.

PMID- 3854762
TI  - How the significant other can help an agoraphobic patient.

PMID- 3854763
TI  - The role of the head nurse in primary nursing.

PMID- 3854764
TI  - Head nurse and clinical educator: a team approach to quality patient care.

PMID- 3854765
TI  - Conceptual models--a framework for nursing practice.

PMID- 3854766
TI  - Standards of practice: from the shelf to the bedside.

PMID- 3854767
TI  - [Involvement in setting up the operating room].

PMID- 3854768
TI  - [Homeopathy: merely a placebo effect?].

PMID- 3854769
TI  - [Applied economics in hospital nursing].

PMID- 3854770
TI  - [Sinha Junqueira Maternity Hospital].

PMID- 3854771
TI  - [The concept of high and low risks in delivery].

PMID- 3854772
TI  - [Clinical tests in obstetrics. 7. Feto-placental function tests].

PMID- 3854773
TI  - ["Maternity blues" and clinical description of puerperal depression].

PMID- 3854774
TI  - ["Maternity blues" and nursing of patients with puerperal depression].

PMID- 3854775
TI  - [Approach to pregnant and puerperal patients through counseling].

PMID- 3854776
TI  - [Standard and criteria for evaluation of maternity blues].

PMID- 3854777
TI  - [Clinical study of maternity blues: a survey].

PMID- 3854778
TI  - [Management of a nursing vacuum during puerperium].

PMID- 3854779
TI  - [Postpartum blues; assessment and intervention].

PMID- 3854780
TI  - [Definition of an obstetrical physical therapist: in interview with Ms. Elizabeth
      Noble].

PMID- 3854781
TI  - [Childbirth and child rearing. 4. Marriage].

PMID- 3854783
TI  - [Difference between evaluation and determination].

PMID- 3854782
TI  - [Characteristics of neonatology].

PMID- 3854784
TI  - [Nutritional guidance of obese expectant patients. A case study].

PMID- 3854785
TI  - [Joint efforts of medicine and social work].

PMID- 3854786
TI  - [Clinical tests in obstetrics. 8. Care of the fetus during pregnancy].

PMID- 3854787
TI  - [Current trends in indications for obstetrical surgery and expectation of
      midwives].

PMID- 3854789
TI  - [Cesarean section and nursing planning].

PMID- 3854788
TI  - [Obstetrical surgery: basis of pre- and post-operative care].

PMID- 3854790
TI  - [Emergency cesarean section and the role of the midwife].

PMID- 3854791
TI  - [The patient who has undergone cesarean section and the care of her infant].

PMID- 3854792
TI  - [Basic rules and routines in neonatology].

PMID- 3854793
TI  - [A study on the time required in delivery].

PMID- 3854794
TI  - [Changes in midwifery practice. 7. Responses to the legislation concerning public
      health nursing, midwifery, and nursing. 3].

PMID- 3854795
TI  - [Childbirth and child rearing. 5. Signs of pregnancy].

PMID- 3854797
TI  - [Reliability and validity].

PMID- 3854796
TI  - [Management of an obese expectant patient with special references to dietary
      instructions].

PMID- 3854798
TI  - [Pregnant women and table salt. (1). Appropriate use of salt and flavors].

PMID- 3854799
TI  - [Functions of medical social workers].

PMID- 3854800
TI  - [Gestational age and the concept of NST (non-stress test), fetal heart
      monitoring].

PMID- 3854801
TI  - [Clinical tests in obstetrics. 9. Fetal care during delivery. (1). Monitoring
      devices used during delivery].

PMID- 3854802
TI  - [Psychiatric disorders during puerperium].

PMID- 3854803
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with psychiatric disorder during puerperium. A case study].

PMID- 3854804
TI  - [Observation of psychiatric symptoms following delivery].

PMID- 3854805
TI  - [Description of puerperal depression].

PMID- 3854806
TI  - [A post-delivery program to prevent recurrence of mental disturbances in pregnant
      patients with past history of mental disorders].

PMID- 3854807
TI  - [Clinical description of puerperal psychoses. Approach to the family members:
      assistance extended to new mothers during puerperium].

PMID- 3854809
TI  - [Routine use of episiotomy and its problems].

PMID- 3854808
TI  - [Intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants].

PMID- 3854810
TI  - [Assistance necessary for continuation of breast feeding].

PMID- 3854811
TI  - [Encounter with childbirth in a sitting position].

PMID- 3854812
TI  - [Physiological adaptation immediately after birth and resuscitation technics].

PMID- 3854813
TI  - [Childbirth and child rearing. 6. The abdominal band worn by expectant women for
      support].

PMID- 3854814
TI  - [Problems in computing the reproductive period from menstruation].

PMID- 3854815
TI  - [The definition of the mean].

PMID- 3854816
TI  - [Pregnant women and table salt. 2. Habituation to a low-salt diet].

PMID- 3854817
TI  - [The "rational" and "irrational" nature of medicine].

PMID- 3854818
TI  - [Early diagnosis of premature separation of the placenta in the normal position].

PMID- 3854819
TI  - Nursing and economics.

PMID- 3854820
TI  - Health for all: nurses lead the way.

PMID- 3854822
TI  - Economics of nursing and the effects of economics on nursing.

PMID- 3854821
TI  - Nursing, health care and economics.

PMID- 3854823
TI  - [Urinary kallikrein excretion in healthy children at different ages].

PMID- 3854824
TI  - [Educational objectives applied to nursing].

PMID- 3854825
TI  - [The child's creative and psychographic expression. A study of the different
      stages of a child].

PMID- 3854826
TI  - [Important aspects in the use of drugs].

PMID- 3854827
TI  - [Nursing care in acute myocardial infarct. 10 years of work in an intensive care
      unit].

PMID- 3854828
TI  - [Management of the celiac child. The participation of the health team].

PMID- 3854829
TI  - [Nursing care in hepatonecrosis].

PMID- 3854830
TI  - [Thank you by Professor Carlos da Silva Lacaz].

PMID- 3854831
TI  - [Selection of candidates to specialization courses].

PMID- 3854832
TI  - [Proposal for the teaching of public health nurses at the undergraduate level].

PMID- 3854833
TI  - [Psychiatric nursing and the multiprofessional team].

PMID- 3854834
TI  - [Teaching of the nursing care plan in the discipline of medico-surgical nursing
      in the School of Nursing of the Sao Paulo University].

PMID- 3854835
TI  - [Characteristics of the training of students in the nursing laboratory].

PMID- 3854836
TI  - [Rooming-in experience with a hospitalized child: feelings, needs and
      expectations by the accompanying mothers].

PMID- 3854837
TI  - [Primary health care in INAMPS (National Institute for Preventive Medical Care)
      in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro--nurse's contribution].

PMID- 3854838
TI  - [Follow-up of the graduate in nursing].

PMID- 3854839
TI  - [The toy: a road to understanding the hospitalized child].

PMID- 3854840
TI  - [Nursing care for the premature infant: some basic procedures].

PMID- 3854841
TI  - [Project G.O.B.I. (growth, oral rehydration, breast feeding, immunization)--a
      proposal of care for the institutionalized child].

PMID- 3854842
TI  - [Pediatric nursing course I in the School of Nursing of the University of Sao
      Paulo].

PMID- 3854843
TI  - [How the hospitalized patient perceives the environment offered him by the
      hospital].

PMID- 3854844
TI  - [Effect of the factors generating satisfaction and dissatisfaction in the
      motivation of nurses in the work environment. A preliminary note].

PMID- 3854845
TI  - [Fetal care at delivery (2). Fetoscopy and the fetal blood].

PMID- 3854846
TI  - [Maternal and infant care during the 2 hours following delivery].

PMID- 3854847
TI  - [During the 2 hours following delivery: observation and assessment of the
      infant].

PMID- 3854848
TI  - [During the 2 hours following delivery: various changes in the mother and
      infant].

PMID- 3854849
TI  - [Assistance for the woman who is to become a mother: with special reference to
      stage 4 in delivery].

PMID- 3854850
TI  - [International comparison of midwifery education and professional practice of
      midwifery. (1)].

PMID- 3854851
TI  - [Respiratory physiology of the newborn infant (1)].

PMID- 3854853
TI  - [Changes in the professional practice of midwifery. 9. Re-affirmation and the
      process of legislation of the law concerning public health nursing, midwifery,
      and nursing].

PMID- 3854852
TI  - [On childbirth and child care. 7. Work and exercises for the pregnant women].

PMID- 3854854
TI  - [High risk parenting: assessment tools (1). Assessment of maternal behavior].

PMID- 3854855
TI  - [Terminology used describing the fetal head position during labor].

PMID- 3854856
TI  - [Educational evaluation: standard deviation. 1].

PMID- 3854857
TI  - [Iron deficiency anemia and diet].

PMID- 3854858
TI  - [Interactions between the counselor and the pregnant client].

PMID- 3854859
TI  - [Melena of the newborn].

PMID- 3854860
TI  - [My method in removing a ring from a swollen finger].

PMID- 3854862
TI  - [Lipids and their use in the diet (1)].

PMID- 3854861
TI  - [Educational evaluation. The standard deviation--2].

PMID- 3854863
TI  - [Pregnancy and induced abortion among teenagers].

PMID- 3854864
TI  - [Training in resuscitation of the asphyxiated newborn infant].

PMID- 3854865
TI  - [The importance of breast feeding].

PMID- 3854866
TI  - [Education of active midwives: my theory in clinical training].

PMID- 3854867
TI  - [International comparison of midwifery education and professional practice of
      midwifery (2)].

PMID- 3854868
TI  - [High risk parenting: assessment tools. Assessment of paternal behaviors].

PMID- 3854869
TI  - [Discussion with the leaders of the "La Leche League International"].

PMID- 3854871
TI  - [My experience in childbirth. Home birthing using the Mitsumori method (a
      modified Lamaze method)].

PMID- 3854870
TI  - [Lessons from predecessors in the midwifery profession. Ms. Chitori Toyomura.
      Interview by M. Kumazawa].

PMID- 3854872
TI  - [On childbirth and child rearing. 8. Exchange among pregnant women].

PMID- 3854873
TI  - [Respiration physiology of the newborn (2)].

PMID- 3854874
TI  - [Is primary nursing a method or a theory?].

PMID- 3854875
TI  - [Re-evaluation of the nursing assignment system: obstetric nursing in case
      studies].

PMID- 3854876
TI  - [Continuing nursing in maternal and child health activities].

PMID- 3854877
TI  - [Discussion: the present and future of maternal and child nursing services, with
      special reference to continued nursing].

PMID- 3854878
TI  - [International comparison of the midwifery education and professional practice of
      midwifery (3)].

PMID- 3854880
TI  - [On childbirth and child rearing. 9. The pregnant woman and her diet].

PMID- 3854879
TI  - [Circulatory physiology of the newborn (1)].

PMID- 3854881
TI  - [Pregnancy and drugs: are all drugs harmful to the fetus?].

PMID- 3854882
TI  - [High risk parenting: assessment tools (3). Assessment of child behavior].

PMID- 3854883
TI  - [A delivery posture with the patient on her hands and knees].

PMID- 3854884
TI  - [Educational evaluation. The standard deviation. 3. The deviation value].

PMID- 3854886
TI  - [The counselor's response to the emotional conflict of the client].

PMID- 3854885
TI  - [Lipids: their use in the diet (2). Processed food].

PMID- 3854887
TI  - [Stress suffered by the infant during birth].

PMID- 3854888
TI  - Older women: family and community supports. Issues: the older woman alone--mental
      health of older women.

PMID- 3854889
TI  - Quality assurance: a look at the concept.

PMID- 3854890
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases in Kenya.

PMID- 3854891
TI  - Nurses lead the way.

PMID- 3854892
TI  - Living wills: personal and professional perspectives. Death at a New York
      hospital.

PMID- 3854893
TI  - The problem of civil commitment: improving policy by generating data.

PMID- 3854895
TI  - An essay on commitment and the emergency room: implications for the delivery of
      mental health services.

PMID- 3854894
TI  - The impact of broadened civil commitment laws on length of stay in a state mental
      hospital.

PMID- 3854896
TI  - [Determination of the efficacy of courses for the Baccalaureate in Nursing at the
      Instituto Superior de Ciencias Medicas of Havana, 1982].

PMID- 3854897
TI  - [Graphic method for the early detection of hepatic coma].

PMID- 3854898
TI  - [Parenteral fluid therapy of the burned child (the Brooke method updated)].

PMID- 3854899
TI  - [Nursing care. Coma in childhood in a therapy unit].

PMID- 3854900
TI  - [Application of the Cuban prognostic classification to the burned child].

PMID- 3854901
TI  - [Endoscopic polypectomy in pediatrics. Nursing care].

PMID- 3854902
TI  - [Pediatric colonoscopy. The importance of the nurse's functions].

PMID- 3854903
TI  - [Important aspects of the use of disinfectant solutions].

PMID- 3854904
TI  - Faculty practice in action.

PMID- 3854905
TI  - Joint or shared appointments. Clinical nurse specialist practice in an acute care
      setting.

PMID- 3854906
TI  - The reintegration of a nurse.

PMID- 3854907
TI  - Nursing practice in action: diary of a casualty.

PMID- 3854908
TI  - Experiment in role restructuring toward practice. Introduction.

PMID- 3854909
TI  - Experiment in role restructuring toward practice: the Robert Wood Johnson Nurse
      Faculty Fellowships Program revisited.

PMID- 3854910
TI  - Experiment in role restructuring toward practice: evaluation of the fellowship
      experience and its impact on roles.

PMID- 3854911
TI  - Response to "experiment in role restructuring toward practice".

PMID- 3854913
TI  - Response to "Institutionalizing practice: historical and future perspectives".

PMID- 3854912
TI  - Compensation of faculty in combined roles.

PMID- 3854914
TI  - Clinical research and the academic health center.

PMID- 3854915
TI  - Practice in action: clinical research.

PMID- 3854916
TI  - Employed for research in the clinical setting.

PMID- 3854917
TI  - Nurse practice centers. Faculty practice in action: a nurse practice center.

PMID- 3854918
TI  - Faculty practice: a community-linked model.

PMID- 3854919
TI  - Nurse practice centers: ingredients of success.

PMID- 3854921
TI  - Rituals that integrate nursing practice, education, and research.

PMID- 3854922
TI  - Faculty practice in action. Multidisciplinary perspectives. Faculty practice in
      medicine: what it should be and what it is.

PMID- 3854920
TI  - Response to "Institutionalizing practice: historical and future perspectives".

PMID- 3854923
TI  - Defining faculty practice: a look at theory-practice relationships.

PMID- 3854924
TI  - Faculty as clinicians. Faculty practice admits constraints.

PMID- 3854925
TI  - The integrated role of practitioner faculty.

PMID- 3854926
TI  - Faculty practice in an urban academic community.

PMID- 3854927
TI  - Clinicians as faculty. Clinical preceptors communicating knowledge in clinical
      practice.

PMID- 3854928
TI  - The clinical nurse specialist: where the rubber meets the road.

PMID- 3854929
TI  - The clinical nurse specialist's faculty role.

PMID- 3854930
TI  - [Trial of the efficacy of a 1.5 percent sodium hypochlorite solution with 10,000
      ppm of chlorine for sterilizing inhalation therapy material].

PMID- 3854931
TI  - [The teaching of history in the education of the nurse].

PMID- 3854932
TI  - [Technical procedures and standards of a human milk bank and information center
      on breast feeding].

PMID- 3854933
TI  - [Organizational policy of the nursing services of teaching hospitals].

PMID- 3854934
TI  - [Costs of care and nursing in a teaching hospital].

PMID- 3854935
TI  - [Primary care public health center for the cleft lip-cleft palate patient].

PMID- 3854936
TI  - [The technical assistance center--TAC/UFF--its role in the technical and
      administrative modernization of teaching hospitals. Universidade Federal
      Fluminense].

PMID- 3854938
TI  - [Legal responsibility of the nurse].

PMID- 3854937
TI  - [Teaching of the introduction to nursing science and the fundamentals of nursing
      in an integrated curriculum--the experience of the Ana Neri School of Nursing of
      the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro].

PMID- 3854939
TI  - [New approaches in the teaching of basic nursing: instructional experience in the
      teaching of professional ethics].

PMID- 3854940
TI  - [Organizational policy of the nursing services of teaching hospitals].

PMID- 3854941
TI  - [Nurses of teaching hospitals--a contribution to the debate].

PMID- 3854942
TI  - Nursing in the Zambia Flying Doctor Service.

PMID- 3854943
TI  - Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines Ltd. Luanshya Division.

PMID- 3854944
TI  - Care study.

PMID- 3854945
TI  - A trip to Solwezi.

PMID- 3854946
TI  - The direction of nursing in Zambia: where are we heading to?

PMID- 3854947
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma patient.

PMID- 3854949
TI  - In and out of the garbage can: a model of faculty decision making.

PMID- 3854948
TI  - Mecillinam--an in-vitro evaluation of antibacterial action against 'coliform'
      isolates from urine.

PMID- 3854950
TI  - Nursing research and philosophy: a delicate balance.

PMID- 3854951
TI  - A team approach to nursing research.
AB  - The study of the relationship of handedness to the laterality of breast cancer in
      women is intriguing. Results may affect facets of breast cancer diagnosis and
      therapy. Maybe not in same way as the discovery of the relationship of high
      oxygen concentrations to the development of blindness in premature infants, but
      the study may identify women at higher risk and provide new insights to
      scientists studying the pathophysiology of breast oncogenesis. It is the belief
      of the authors that laterality research is one of the fields that could easily
      lend itself to investigation by large numbers of nurses in hospitals across the
      country if a national organization became involved in it. If nursing is to be
      successful in its quest for recognition as one of the professions making a
      serious contribution to theory, it must mobilize its forces. Nursing, recognized
      as the largest single health profession in the United States, has great potential
      for accomplishment if the talent of every member of the profession is recognized
      and utilized in efforts to build up the science of nursing.

PMID- 3854952
TI  - What causes hospital nurses to unionize?

PMID- 3854953
TI  - "One's own place": a case study on territorial behavior.

PMID- 3854954
TI  - Caring for parents in crisis.

PMID- 3854955
TI  - The employment of part-time nurses in a competitive health care environment.

PMID- 3854956
TI  - Man: an axiological analysis from a Christian perspective.

PMID- 3854957
TI  - The concept of health.

PMID- 3854959
TI  - Conceptual approach to teaching nursing.

PMID- 3854958
TI  - Conceptual approach to teaching psychiatric nursing.

PMID- 3854960
TI  - Developing concepts and conceptual frameworks in nursing.

PMID- 3854962
TI  - Nursing care of the patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: prevention of pneumonia
      associated with combination chemotherapy.

PMID- 3854961
TI  - Rationale, development, and evaluation of a chemotherapy certification course for
      nurses.

PMID- 3854963
TI  - Changes in cancer-related knowledge and attitudes: one graduate curriculum's
      experience.

PMID- 3854964
TI  - Attitude of patients living in Egypt about cancer and its treatment.

PMID- 3854965
TI  - The family cancer experience.

PMID- 3854966
TI  - Cancer nursing and the law. Screening medical malpractice cases.

PMID- 3854967
TI  - Implementation: we can weekend in the rural setting.

PMID- 3854968
TI  - An agenda for cancer prevention in nursing practice.

PMID- 3854969
TI  - Cancer nursing and the law. The theory of a medical malpractice case.

PMID- 3854970
TI  - The Center for Nursing Research.

PMID- 3854971
TI  - The dean's research support function and minimizing "performance gap".

PMID- 3854972
TI  - Thirty seconds, thirty words, or thirty years.

PMID- 3854973
TI  - International students in the United States.

PMID- 3854974
TI  - Moral/ethical choices: sensory overload.

PMID- 3854975
TI  - The role of the nursing administrators in the facilitation of research.

PMID- 3854976
TI  - Restructuring the health care system: the role of the professional nurse.

PMID- 3854977
TI  - Comparable worth: implications for nursing.

PMID- 3854978
TI  - Faculty mobility in baccalaureate and higher degree nursing programs in Research
      I and II universities.

PMID- 3854979
TI  - Impact of nursing research on public policy: an examination of ANA research
      priority statements.

PMID- 3854980
TI  - An argument for the preparation of academic administrators by nursing.

PMID- 3854981
TI  - Professional nursing personnel: data-based policy formulation.

PMID- 3854982
TI  - Generic baccalaureate nursing programs: description of administrative structure
      and student recruitment practices.

PMID- 3854983
TI  - Out of the past--into the future.

PMID- 3854984
TI  - Bioethical issues in professional practice.

PMID- 3854985
TI  - Comparable worth: a concept worth fighting for.

PMID- 3854987
TI  - U.S. nurse consultants in the international marketplace.

PMID- 3854986
TI  - The colleague relationship.

PMID- 3854988
TI  - Legal and ethical issues. Which will it be: confidential or open?

PMID- 3854989
TI  - What would you do if you didn't chair the meeting of the faculty organization?

PMID- 3854990
TI  - Unionization for nurses: an issue for the 1980s.

PMID- 3854991
TI  - Studies on the locus of nursing research activities at the national level.

PMID- 3854992
TI  - Complexities and clarity in nurse-client and nurse-patient relationships.

PMID- 3854993
TI  - A research tool for measuring perceptions of clinical decision making.

PMID- 3854994
TI  - Involvement of nursing students in unethical classroom and clinical behaviors.

PMID- 3854995
TI  - Classics from our heritage. A brave new nursing world: exercising options for the
      future.

PMID- 3854997
TI  - Why not a nurse as a CEO?

PMID- 3854996
TI  - Shall the twain meet? Liberal education and nursing education.

PMID- 3854998
TI  - Thoughts on the whats, hows, and whys of faculty practice.

PMID- 3854999
TI  - Nurse Training Act.

PMID- 3855000
TI  - Promoting research among baccalaureate program faculty members: a success story.

PMID- 3855001
TI  - Becoming a faculty member.

PMID- 3855002
TI  - The other side of the pond: news of nursing in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 3855003
TI  - Malpractice: don't let the chips fall where they may.

PMID- 3855004
TI  - Use of theory and cognitive activities as stress reduction strategies.

PMID- 3855005
TI  - A phenomenological approach to understanding the process of deaning.

PMID- 3855006
TI  - Multilateral collective bargaining and the health care industry: implications for
      nursing.

PMID- 3855008
TI  - New directions in higher education: a review of trends.

PMID- 3855007
TI  - The competition approach to understanding occupational autonomy: expansion and
      control of nursing service.

PMID- 3855010
TI  - Tracking the Master's candidates in nursing administration with dBASE III.

PMID- 3855009
TI  - Evaluation of an applicant review process.

PMID- 3855012
TI  - Classics from our heritage. The nature of the university or college and the
      mission of the school of nursing.

PMID- 3855011
TI  - The nursing research review process in a clinical setting.

PMID- 3855013
TI  - Are we giving away the store to home health agencies?

PMID- 3855014
TI  - Legal and ethical issues. Documentation: a nurse's best defense.

PMID- 3855015
TI  - The collegial relationship between social work and nursing.

PMID- 3855016
TI  - The process of advanced nursing practice.

PMID- 3855017
TI  - National Alliance of Nurse Practitioners.

PMID- 3855018
TI  - A research center in a college of nursing: what is it?

PMID- 3855019
TI  - A world view on nurses as health educators.

PMID- 3855020
TI  - Women in health: victims or victors?

PMID- 3855021
TI  - Gerontological nursing: movement towards a paradigm state.

PMID- 3855022
TI  - The fiscal status of nursing education programs in the United States.

PMID- 3855023
TI  - Power and powerlessness in hospital nursing departments.

PMID- 3855024
TI  - The value-added approach to the measurement of educational quality.

PMID- 3855025
TI  - Using admission data to predict success on the NLEX-RN in a baccalaureate
      program.

PMID- 3855027
TI  - Classics from our heritage. The nature and characteristics of professional
      education for nursing.

PMID- 3855026
TI  - Generic baccalaureate nursing programs: survey of enrollment, administrative
      structure/funding, faculty teaching/practice roles, and selected curriculum
      trends.

PMID- 3855029
TI  - [Nursing in clinical setting: nursing and phenomenology].

PMID- 3855028
TI  - Classics from our heritage. The need for legislation for licensure to practice
      professional nursing.

PMID- 3855030
TI  - [Visiting nursing service in U.S.A].

PMID- 3855031
TI  - [socialization theory and entry into the practice of nursing].

PMID- 3855032
TI  - [Evaluation of nursing administration by systematic thinking].

PMID- 3855033
TI  - [Movie--what's the use of it?].

PMID- 3855034
TI  - [Consultation services in nursing].

PMID- 3855036
TI  - [Verbs in our life: hide and appear].

PMID- 3855035
TI  - [Consultation services: round-table talk].

PMID- 3855037
TI  - [Nursing and counseling: case study].

PMID- 3855039
TI  - [Visiting nursing service in U.S.A].

PMID- 3855038
TI  - [Medical topics: vincristine toxicosis; cat scratch disease].

PMID- 3855040
TI  - [Nurses in clinical settings: understanding of my patients].

PMID- 3855041
TI  - [Evaluation of nursing administration by systemic thinking].

PMID- 3855042
TI  - [Patient and family participation in nursing. Role of family members in visiting
      nursing service].

PMID- 3855043
TI  - [Intermediate facilities for the aged people, managed by nursing personnel-
      Germany].

PMID- 3855044
TI  - [Poem writing is a good brain exercise in your old age].

PMID- 3855046
TI  - [Patient and family participation in nursing. Family members prove to be
      excellent care providers].

PMID- 3855045
TI  - [Patient and family participation in nursing. Promoting self-help in discharge
      planning--urination control].

PMID- 3855047
TI  - [Patient and family participation in nursing. As a partner of diabetic patient].

PMID- 3855048
TI  - [Patient and family participation in nursing. Patient and family participate in
      nursing].

PMID- 3855049
TI  - [Patient and family participation in nursing. Discharge planning for
      neurosurgical patients--sharing goals with family members].

PMID- 3855050
TI  - [Patient and family participation in nursing. Cervical vertebral injury patients-
      planning discharge with patients and family members].

PMID- 3855051
TI  - ["And" instead of "either-or" or the fallacy of false opposition].

PMID- 3855052
TI  - [Verbs in our life: purchase a tomb].

PMID- 3855053
TI  - [Nursing and counseling].

PMID- 3855055
TI  - [The viral etiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

PMID- 3855054
TI  - [Medical topics: bischloromethyl ether and lung cancer].

PMID- 3855056
TI  - A perspective on why nurses should earn doctorates in nursing.

PMID- 3855057
TI  - Pitfalls to avoid and positive approaches in the nurse-adolescent relationship.
AB  - The establishment of a therapeutic nurse-adolescent relationship can be
      facilitated by the nurse's awareness of specific personality characteristics
      prominent during the adolescent period. These characteristics not only color the
      adolescent's behavior, but they can elict marked responses from the nurse. Nurses
      must, therefore, be self-aware if they are to deal with adolescents objectively
      and therapeutically. Positive approaches to the nurse-adolescent relationship
      include the establishment of a therapeutic alliance, the use of reality-based
      limits, and an emphasis on insight-producing communication techniques. Problem
      areas to be alert for are over-identification with adolescent problems, responses
      based on surface behaviors, and manipulation by the adolescent. Nurses must also
      work at decreasing non-therapeutic attitudes such as viewing the adolescent as an
      "enemy" to be controlled, or as a potential person to be molded according to the
      nurse's personal goals and aspirations.

PMID- 3855058
TI  - The developmental evaluation center as a clinical setting for mental health
      nursing students.
AB  - The DEC is seen as a viable option to the more traditional clinical settings used
      for psychiatric/mental health nursing students. Such a placement affords students
      the opportunities for direct involvement with individuals, families, and
      communities in the application of theoretical concepts within the framework of
      the nursing process. Ongoing client contacts over the course of the semester
      facilitate continuity in the implementation of intervention strategies and allow
      opportunities for evaluation of both short-term and long-term goals. The
      interdisciplinary nature of the DEC assists students in more clearly identifing
      their role and function as nurses within the larger health care team.
      Additionally, students gain first-hand experience in developing and utilizing
      colleagueal relationships to more effectively meet the needs of clients. Since
      the DEC concept is found not only in North Carolina, but throughout the U.S., it
      is thought that the DEC's offer a rich and rewarding alternative to the more
      traditional clinical placement sites.

PMID- 3855059
TI  - Behavioral manifestations of misguided entitlement.
AB  - The presence of misguided entitlement in a life must adversely affect the quality
      of that life, for it creates alterations within the character structure that have
      far-reaching consequences. Smoldering resentment, chronic anger, self
      centeredness, vindictiveness, and a constant feeling of being abused ultimately
      produce a miserable human being who, as well as being alienated from self,
      alienates those in the interpersonal sphere.

PMID- 3855060
TI  - The role of the nurse in health care delivery.

PMID- 3855061
TI  - Evolution of psychiatric nursing in Nigeria: concluding series.

PMID- 3855063
TI  - Communication in teaching and learning.

PMID- 3855062
TI  - Struggle for professional autonomy: concluding series.

PMID- 3855064
TI  - Dialysis.

PMID- 3855065
TI  - Clinical teaching in nursing.

PMID- 3855066
TI  - Patient's health and the nation's economy.

PMID- 3855067
TI  - Nursing and health care in the Soviet Union.

PMID- 3855068
TI  - Is nursing ready for the year 2000?

PMID- 3855070
TI  - World hunger and the arms race.

PMID- 3855069
TI  - Patient advocacy and the nurse: is there a conflict of interest?
AB  - The role of patient advocate has been mandated by law in some states, supported
      by the American Nurses Association and by nursing theorists. Guidelines have been
      published to assist the nurse as she pursues the role of patient advocate and to
      help her decide when she should pursue the role and when she should delegate the
      advocacy position. Two case studies have been presented to examine the possible
      conflicts arising between the rights of the patient and the duties of the nurse
      to society as a whole. Smith, in the final paragraph of her story concludes that:
      As practicing professionals in any society, we not only have a responsibility to
      know what we need to know to practice, but also a responsibility to act as
      advocates for those who cannot speak for themselves. As professionals, we carry a
      commitment and responsibility to all people in the community in which we practice
      (p. 625). The situation today, however, continues to present the nurse as patient
      advocate with an assigned responsibility but without the designated authority to
      fulfill that responsibility. There is a conflict of interest between the duty to
      act as the client's advocate and the rights of the nurse to practice nursing in a
      manner that protects the interests of the nurse, the nursing profession, and the
      employing institution. Autonomy for the nurse acting as patient advocate remains
      a theory.

PMID- 3855071
TI  - The sexual dimension of patient care.

PMID- 3855072
TI  - Nursing care of patients with an altered body image due to multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3855073
TI  - [The structure of knowledge in nursing].

PMID- 3855074
TI  - [Teaching and practice of motor and verbal communication rehabilitation in
      general hospitals. A comparative study between teaching and service nurses].

PMID- 3855075
TI  - [Determining the number of nursing personnel in clinical medical units. An
      exploratory study].

PMID- 3855077
TI  - [Subsidies for a program of training university researchers].

PMID- 3855076
TI  - [Perception of the multidisciplinary health team in regard to the nurse's
      performance in community health].

PMID- 3855078
TI  - [Report on our experience in teaching the class Nursing Care for the Adult I in a
      rural area].

PMID- 3855079
TI  - [Analysis and interpretation of gasometric, hematological and biochemical
      determinations of blood and urine].

PMID- 3855081
TI  - [Systematic focus applied to the mental health education of adolescents].

PMID- 3855080
TI  - [The question of democracy in class and council entities].

PMID- 3855082
TI  - [Factors determining the efficacy of disinfectants].

PMID- 3855084
TI  - [Axillary temperature in the newborn infant evaluated with a clinical thermometer
      left in place for different periods of time].

PMID- 3855083
TI  - [Recreational activities in the community of Sao Jose do Murialdo].

PMID- 3855085
TI  - [The medical history in nursing: in what way do physicians, nurses and patients
      perceive its importance?].

PMID- 3855086
TI  - [Analysis of the nursing functions in a clinical medical unit of a university
      hospital].

PMID- 3855087
TI  - [Caring: what does it mean?].

PMID- 3855088
TI  - [Study of the reference mark proposed in the curriculum plan of an undergraduate
      nursing course].

PMID- 3855089
TI  - [The Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem--a quantitative study].

PMID- 3855090
TI  - [Old age: an experimental essay].

PMID- 3855091
TI  - [Nursing care for the aged patient convalescing from pneumonia].

PMID- 3855092
TI  - [Touch as an integrational element in the nurse-patient relationship].

PMID- 3855093
TI  - [Perspectives on the molding of the nurse].

PMID- 3855094
TI  - [A family's experience of prolonged illness].

PMID- 3855095
TI  - [Emotional security as a basic human need--the nurse's performance in relation to
      the patient in an intensive care unit].

PMID- 3855096
TI  - [Patient expectations and needs in the postoperative period of heart surgery. An
      assessment of a practical approach].

PMID- 3855097
TI  - [Retrospective on publications of research done on nursing education--1947-1981].

PMID- 3855098
TI  - [Nursing care and the administration of nursing services: the functional
      ambiguity of the nurse].

PMID- 3855099
TI  - [Nasogastric intubation: a simple technic?].

PMID- 3855100
TI  - [Feeding from zero to 1 year of age--a challenge for health professionals].

PMID- 3855101
TI  - [The representations of unmarried pregnant adolescents regarding their
      psychosocial problems].

PMID- 3855102
TI  - [What do young people know about sexually transmitted diseases?].

PMID- 3855103
TI  - [Pierre Robin anomaly--care].

PMID- 3855104
TI  - [Prevention of disabilities in Hansen's disease: the reality in a health center].

PMID- 3855105
TI  - [Phytotherapy and homeopathy as alternative medical practices].

PMID- 3855106
TI  - [Ethical implications in the nursing care for the critical patient].

PMID- 3855107
TI  - [The family as a service unit for nursing care back to health].

PMID- 3855108
TI  - [Education for health of a group of adolescents: a report on the experience of
      nursing students].

PMID- 3855109
TI  - [The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary emphysema].

PMID- 3855110
TI  - Health hazards in PARR. Striving for a safer work environment.

PMID- 3855111
TI  - Interplast in Ecuador--1984. Bridging the gap.

PMID- 3855112
TI  - [Disinfection of medical and surgical equipment].

PMID- 3855114
TI  - Hypertensive patients.... Anesthetic care techniques emphasized.

PMID- 3855113
TI  - Ultrasonic percutaneous lithotripsy. A revolutionary advancement in the
      extraction of kidney stones.

PMID- 3855116
TI  - The changing role of the O.R. nurse.

PMID- 3855115
TI  - Guidelines for establishing an institutional laser program.

PMID- 3855118
TI  - Planning an operating room suite. Part 1.

PMID- 3855117
TI  - [Separation of Siamese twins. Point of view of an operating room nurse].

PMID- 3855119
TI  - No code orders and the law.

PMID- 3855121
TI  - Total hip arthroplasty--an overview.

PMID- 3855120
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis--preventive and reconstructive surgery.

PMID- 3855122
TI  - Is the O.R. supervisor the captain of the ship?

PMID- 3855124
TI  - Anterior cruciate ligament repair and reconstruction.

PMID- 3855123
TI  - Oral contraceptives come of age.

PMID- 3855125
TI  - The anxious child with acute epiglottitis.

PMID- 3855126
TI  - Impracticality of consent in an emergent surgical setting.

PMID- 3855127
TI  - Hepatitis, who needs it?

PMID- 3855128
TI  - ATP-adenosine triphosphate: the answer to power.

PMID- 3855129
TI  - Cutting the cost of hip surgery. One hospital's money-saving procedures.

PMID- 3855130
TI  - Epileptics waiting for surgery. Not enough training available.

PMID- 3855131
TI  - Acute epiglottitis--overcoming the challenge.

PMID- 3855132
TI  - Hemipelvic transplantation: a nurse's perspective.

PMID- 3855133
TI  - Recruiting and retaining nursing personnel.

PMID- 3855135
TI  - Canadian hospitals lagging in infection control.

PMID- 3855134
TI  - Licensure or registration.

PMID- 3855136
TI  - Parasagittal transcallosal craniotomy. Surgical treatment of suprasellar
      arachnoid cysts.

PMID- 3855137
TI  - The effects of waste anaesthetic gases.

PMID- 3855139
TI  - Certification the 'C' in caring.

PMID- 3855138
TI  - Averting potential litigation.

PMID- 3855140
TI  - Esophagogastrectomy...(1) Esophageal resection. (2) Pyloroplasty.

PMID- 3855141
TI  - Lack of antibodies to LAV/HTLV-III in hepatitis B vaccine recipients.
AB  - There is no evidence up to now that the currently available plasma hepatitis B
      vaccine transmits the agent of AIDS. To support further the safety of this
      vaccine we examined 137 vaccinees for the presence of antibodies to LAV/HTLV-III.
      Three groups had received Merck, Sharp and Dohme hepatitis B vaccine (two groups
      of 25 Air Force cadets vaccinated with investigational lots and 18 multiply
      transfused children vaccinated with a commercial lot); another two groups (50 Air
      Force cadets and 19 multiply transfused) were vaccinated with two commercial lots
      of Institut Pasteur vaccine. Sera were collected before inoculation, 7 and 24
      months later. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used for the detection of
      antibodies to LAV/HTLV-III. Positive sera were tested again by Western Blot and
      Radioimmune Precipitation Assay to exclude non-specific binding. Antibodies to
      LAV/HTLV-III were not detected in any of the sera examined, providing evidence
      for safety. We believe that these data increase the acceptance of hepatitis B
      vaccine.

PMID- 3855142
TI  - [Nurses in clinical setting: the base of my clinical work].

PMID- 3855143
TI  - [Visiting nursing service in U.S.A].

PMID- 3855144
TI  - [Evaluation of nursing administration by systematic thinking].

PMID- 3855146
TI  - [Home services for elderly citizens at home--welfare programs offered by
      Musashino City, Tokyo].

PMID- 3855145
TI  - [Safe and comfortable town for any person at any time].

PMID- 3855147
TI  - [Home service for elderly citizens at home--welfare programs offered by Musashino
      City, Tokyo. Roundtable talk].

PMID- 3855148
TI  - [Workshop for carers of home-bound patients and elderly].

PMID- 3855150
TI  - [What I learned from Wakana Ohnishi, a frontier PHN in Hokkaido].

PMID- 3855149
TI  - [National Recognition Day for Nurses, U.S.A].

PMID- 3855151
TI  - [Verbs in our life: stand firm].

PMID- 3855152
TI  - [Nursing and counseling].

PMID- 3855153
TI  - [Femoral neck fracture; a new deformity].

PMID- 3855154
TI  - Isolation of measles virus in Vero cell cultures from the washed lymphocytic
      fraction of peripheral blood.

PMID- 3855155
TI  - Lung surfactant.

PMID- 3855156
TI  - Whither midwifery education? The City University, London Friday, July 18, 1986.

PMID- 3855157
TI  - The student: the environment & the status.

PMID- 3855158
TI  - A chosen profession: direct entry training for midwives.

PMID- 3855159
TI  - "From the first day of the rest of your career"--continuing education of the
      midwife.

PMID- 3855160
TI  - What is a midwife?

PMID- 3855161
TI  - Can the midwife manager meet everyone's needs?

PMID- 3855162
TI  - Case study: asymptomatic ruptured uterus.

PMID- 3855164
TI  - Planning nursing strategies toward action/care.

PMID- 3855163
TI  - Midwives or maternity nurses?

PMID- 3855165
TI  - Implementation and evaluation of the nursing actions.

PMID- 3855166
TI  - Legislative process and psychiatric nursing.

PMID- 3855168
TI  - Care of complication of post spinal/epidural analgesia.

PMID- 3855167
TI  - Better patient care: a challenge.

PMID- 3855169
TI  - Nursing process: an approach. Assessment of client/patient towards nursing
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3855170
TI  - Bagong Silangan Nursing Clinic: an experiment in partnership approach for primary
      health care.

PMID- 3855171
TI  - A comparison of the effectiveness of the lecture and modular methods of teaching.

PMID- 3855172
TI  - Community health nursing--an overview.

PMID- 3855174
TI  - Sarcoidosis is not associated with the HTLV III virus.
AB  - Superficial immunological similarities between sarcoidosis and AIDS led to this
      radioimmunoassay survey of serum antibodies to HTLV III virus in 17 patients with
      active sarcoidosis, 8 with peripheral lymphadenopathy. Serum antibodies were
      negative in all patients with sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3855173
TI  - Vulnerability to stress among women with in utero diethylstilbestrol (DES)
      exposed daughters.
AB  - In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) was initially linked to vaginal
      cervical cancer and subsequently to reproductive difficulties. These
      unanticipated and ongoing health risks to female offspring may constitute a
      chronic source of stress for DES mothers. We interviewed 60 mothers of exposed
      daughters and 30 acquaintance controls. Two hypotheses were tested in regard to
      DES mothers: DES discovery and its aftermath have a direct, long-term, negative
      effect on psychological health and the DES experience intensifies the negative
      psychological effects of other adverse life circumstances. To operationalize
      psychological health, we measured symptoms of "demoralization" and positive
      health practices--the latter as a behavioral indicator of mastery and personal
      control. We also measured adversities that may mediate the threat posed by DES,
      including stressful events, medical problems, and chronic burdens. We found DES
      history to be associated with poorer psychological health only when mothers
      encountered other losses and threats to themselves and their families. We
      concluded that DES mothers may manifest increased vulnerability to subsequent
      stresses in their lives.

PMID- 3855175
TI  - [Clinical picture and course of intestinal infections caused by Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa in premature children].

PMID- 3855176
TI  - [Alcohol embryopathy with symptomatic chondrodysplasia punctata. The 4th
      published case].
AB  - We report the case of an infant with alcoholic embryopathy associated with
      punctate chondrodysplasia. In 1983, this syndrome was first described by Badois
      et al. in three children. Our report adds a fourth case and enlarges the number
      of symptoms occurring in alcoholic embryopathy. We are not able to answer the
      question whether the stippled epiphyses in our case are due to the maternal
      alcoholism or part of a mild form of chondrodysplasia punctata.

PMID- 3855177
TI  - [Detection of caffeine, theophylline and theobromine in the umbilical cord blood
      and breast milk].
AB  - Twenty-four samples of cord blood chosen at random from premature newborns were
      analyzed for methylxanthines. At least one methylxanthine could be detected in 20
      (83%) samples, and caffeine was present in 17 (71%). In 8 (33%) samples the serum
      concentration was above 15 mumol/l; above this level an effect on ventilation has
      been demonstrated. Of 50 samples of human milk, 48 (96%) contained at least one
      methylxanthine, and in 42 (84%) caffeine could be detected. In treating premature
      infants with caffeine or theophylline during the first days of life a possible
      prenatal supply has to be taken into consideration, however, a supply via human
      milk can be neglected.

PMID- 3855178
TI  - In vitro activity of five antibiotics against methicillin and gentamicin
      resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 3855179
TI  - Hospital staff RN's: who earns what, where.

PMID- 3855180
TI  - The homeless: individuals and families in need.

PMID- 3855181
TI  - The use of planimetry for calculating the surface area of a burn wound.

PMID- 3855182
TI  - The beneficial effects of ascorbic acid on murine burns.

PMID- 3855183
TI  - Determination of silver penetration into burn eschar by atomic absorption.

PMID- 3855184
TI  - Para-chloro-meta-xylenol (PCMX): a new, potential topical antimicrobial agent.

PMID- 3855185
TI  - Synthetic burn dressings: round table discussion.

PMID- 3855186
TI  - Streptokinase treatment of acute arterial occlusions in burn patients (case
      report).

PMID- 3855188
TI  - A return-to-school program for the burned child.

PMID- 3855187
TI  - Evaluation of pediatric pain medications.

PMID- 3855189
TI  - Need for a burn nursing core curriculum. Part I. Survey of schools of nursing.

PMID- 3855190
TI  - Need for a burn nursing core curriculum. Part II. Survey of burn units.

PMID- 3855191
TI  - A self-instructional package: neck conformer.

PMID- 3855192
TI  - The immunology of injury. Part one.

PMID- 3855193
TI  - Circulating mediators in thermal injuries: isolation and characterization of a
      burn injury-induced immunosuppressive serum component.

PMID- 3855195
TI  - Clinical/experimental research: essential to burn care of the future?

PMID- 3855194
TI  - Fibronectin: possible role in host defense processes after injury.

PMID- 3855196
TI  - The effect of lipid infusion on pulmonary function in burn patients with
      inhalation injury.

PMID- 3855197
TI  - Influence of hydrotherapy and antiseptic agents on burn wound bacterial
      contamination.

PMID- 3855198
TI  - The role of the helicopter in management of the burned patient.

PMID- 3855199
TI  - Electric burn assessment: use of creatine kinase fractionation.

PMID- 3855200
TI  - Effect of plasma exchange therapy on circulating fibronectin in burned patients.

PMID- 3855201
TI  - Perforation of the transverse colon in a patient with a major thermal injury.

PMID- 3855202
TI  - Burn patient cooperation in physical and occupational therapy.

PMID- 3855203
TI  - The immunology of injury. Part two.

PMID- 3855204
TI  - Kinetics of immune depression in burned rats: the sixth day phenomenon.

PMID- 3855205
TI  - Hormonal changes following burns: an overview with consideration of the pineal
      gland.

PMID- 3855206
TI  - The endocrine response after burns: its possible correlations with the immunology
      of burns.

PMID- 3855207
TI  - Infant and/or toddler stimulation program for pediatric burn patients.

PMID- 3855208
TI  - Ten-year profile of 1,271 burn patients.

PMID- 3855209
TI  - Restoration of normal function involving herniated quadriceps muscles following
      electric burn.

PMID- 3855210
TI  - Major burns resulting from scalds: the California Burn Registry experience.

PMID- 3855211
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnea: a complication of burns to the head and neck in
      children.

PMID- 3855212
TI  - Immunoenhancement in the thermally injured guinea pig.

PMID- 3855213
TI  - Abstracts to sell.

PMID- 3855214
TI  - Stable net slings for upper extremity elevation.

PMID- 3855215
TI  - Interrupted debridement.

PMID- 3855216
TI  - Rapid, simple, and inexpensive method to rule out bacterial invasion of fat
      subjacent to full-thickness burn eschar.

PMID- 3855217
TI  - Do changes in burn size affect measured energy expenditures?

PMID- 3855218
TI  - Antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing burn wound excision.

PMID- 3855219
TI  - Burn sexuality questionnaire.

PMID- 3855220
TI  - Reconstruction of the burned ear in the pediatric patient.

PMID- 3855221
TI  - Cost containment: a contribution of aggressive nutritional support in burn
      patients.

PMID- 3855222
TI  - Early excision: a financial assessment.

PMID- 3855223
TI  - Prediction of operating room costs.

PMID- 3855224
TI  - Thromboxane inhibitors for the prevention of progressive dermal ischemia due to
      the thermal injury.

PMID- 3855225
TI  - Circulating fibronectin depletion in burned patients: relationship to development
      of infection and prognostic value.

PMID- 3855226
TI  - Thermal injury in the elderly: incidence and cause.

PMID- 3855227
TI  - Pulmonary edema and compliance changes following smoke inhalation.

PMID- 3855228
TI  - Burn injury rehabilitation: hand dyskinesia and finger pain--treatment by
      orthokinetic orthoses.

PMID- 3855229
TI  - Alternaria burn wound sepsis.

PMID- 3855231
TI  - Physical and occupational therapy burn unit protocol--benefits and uses.

PMID- 3855230
TI  - Evidence that use of a silicone gel sheet increases range of motion over burn
      wound contractures.

PMID- 3855232
TI  - A successful burn prevention program in elementary schools.

PMID- 3855233
TI  - Evaluation of a contract model for professional nursing practice.
AB  - Job dissatisfaction and high turnover among nurses may be reduced by a new
      "contract" strategy which gives nurses more control over their working
      conditions.

PMID- 3855234
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of a new antihypertensive pyrrolyl pyridazinamine (MDL-899) in
      the rat and the dog.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of N-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-6-(4-morpholinyl)-3
      pyridazinamine hydrochloride (MDL-899), a new antihypertensive agent, was studied
      in rats and dogs. The 14C-labelled compound was synthesized by a microscale
      procedure with 45% chemical yield and 98% radiochemical purity. In both animal
      species, MDL-899 was rapidly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract, achieving
      peak plasma levels in 0.5-2 h. The ratio between the plasma concentrations of 14C
      and of unchanged MDL-899 indicates rapid metabolic transformation and, especially
      in the rat, a marked first-pass effect. MDL-899 binds to serum proteins with a
      very low affinity and rapidly enters the tissue compartment, with large
      distribution volumes (1.6 l/kg rat, 2.0 l/kg dog). Target tissues in the rat were
      the liver, kidneys, adrenals, lungs, ovaries, uterus and the arterial walls,
      which constitute a deep-compartment. The plasma half-life of unchanged MDL-899
      was 0.5 h in the rat and 1.4 h in the dog, while the terminal half-lives for
      total radioactivity were much longer (two elimination phases). Within the range
      of doses tested (1 and 40 mg/kg) there is evidence of non-linear kinetics (dog).
      The plasma kinetics profiles of both MDL-899 and 14C were the same in both males
      and females (rat). In both rats and dogs, elimination of the test dose was
      preferentially via the kidneys, as metabolites. The time course of the
      pharmacological response seems to be correlated to the kinetics of the active
      species in deep-compartment(s) rather than to the plasma concentration.

PMID- 3855235
TI  - Labetalol: an alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor blocker.

PMID- 3855236
TI  - Use of a physician consultant in a primary care nursing practice.
AB  - This article describes a study of the nature of consultation requests made to a
      physician consultant by nurse practitioners in an urban university-affiliated
      ambulatory nursing practice. During a 50-week period, 1,504 client encounters
      resulted in 225 consultations, an average consultation rate of 15 percent. The
      types of consultation requests, the medical specialty to which the content of the
      request related and the outcomes of the consultations were recorded in a
      consultation log. Knowledge of the pattern and nature of consultation needs has
      multiple benefits. Careful study of practice needs may assist in determining the
      qualifications of a prospective consultant and the amount of time required for on
      site consultation. Such a study may provide insight into the types of problems
      seen in the practice and identify areas of need for continuing education and
      protocol development. The consultation process enhances continuity of care, while
      knowledge of practice needs for consultation may lead to more efficient, cost
      effective health care.

PMID- 3855237
TI  - Health care in Africa.

PMID- 3855238
TI  - Acupressure: an overview of theory and application.
AB  - Treatment of pain is common to all nurse practitioners' practices. One treatment
      method appropriate for use by the nurse practitioner is acupressure. Upon
      reviewing the professional literature, a paucity of information on acupressure
      was discovered. This article uses acupuncture theory and research to provide a
      theoretical basis for the use and study of acupressure. A description of how to
      locate and stimulate an acupoint useful for the treatment of headaches resulting
      from shoulder muscle tension is presented.

PMID- 3855239
TI  - [Central nervous system complications of non-Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 3855240
TI  - Activation of the c-K-ras oncogene in a human pancreas carcinoma.
AB  - The human pancreas carcinoma cell line T3M-4 contains activated c-Kirsten (K)-ras
      oncogene detectable by the DNA-mediated gene transfer technique using NIH/3T3
      cells. DNA fragments containing coding lesions have been cloned, and nucleotide
      sequence analysis suggests that the T3M-4 oncogene has been activated by a single
      nucleotide transition from A to C in the second exon, which results in the
      substitution of histidine for glutamine in coden 61 of the predicted amino acid
      sequence. The quantity analysis of c-K-ras oncogene in the DNA and RNA of T3M-4
      cells revealed that the c-K-ras gene was amplified and overexpressed in T3M-4
      cells. These findings indicate that the T3M-4 c-K-ras oncogene is activated by
      different mutational events.

PMID- 3855241
TI  - The complete sequence of the chicken alpha-cardiac actin gene: a highly conserved
      vertebrate gene.
AB  - We sequenced the entire chicken alpha-cardiac actin gene. A single intron was
      positioned 20 bp upstream from the initiation ATG codon in the 5' non-coding
      region while the coding region was interrupted by 5 introns at amino acid
      positions 41/42, 150, 204, 267, and 327/328. Sequencing allowed the first
      comparison of the alpha-cardiac and alpha-skeletal actin transcriptional
      promoters. These highly G+C rich promoters share two regions of homology which
      are found at position -134 (10 bp) and -296 (12 bp) in the alpha-cardiac actin
      promoter. A smaller 9 bp motif (CCGCGCCGG) homologous to the -134 sequence was
      detected before, between and after the TATA and CAAT boxes of the alpha-cardiac
      actin gene. The polyadenylation signal (AATAAA) was located 156 bp downstream
      from the translation termination codon. The complete length of the alpha-cardiac
      actin mRNA excluding the poly A tail is 1370 nucleotides. The 3' noncoding
      transcribed portion of the chicken alpha-cardiac actin gene was found to be
      extraordinarily conserved when compared to the human and rat alpha-cardiac actin
      mRNA sequences.

PMID- 3855242
TI  - DNA sequence comparison between two tissue-specific variants of the autonomous
      parvovirus, minute virus of mice.
AB  - We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the DNA of the
      immunosuppressive variant of the parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVMi) and
      compared it to the published sequence (12) of the fibroblast-specific strain
      (MVMp). We have found 175 differences between the two viruses, most of which
      affect single nucleotides. Despite these differences, the genomic organization of
      MVMp and MVMi is identical. There are 29 amino-acid changes between the putative
      viral gene products of MVMi and MVMp, 16 of which are conservative. We discuss
      the possibility that the differential tissue-specificity of the two variants is
      linked to differences within the non-transcribed region near the 5' end of the
      viral genomes.

PMID- 3855243
TI  - Primary structure of bovine thyroglobulin deduced from the sequence of its 8,431
      base complementary DNA.
AB  - In mammals, an adequate supply of thyroid hormones is essential for normal growth
      and neurological development. The biosynthesis of thyroid hormones involves an
      iodinated precursor protein, thyroglobulin, which may be considered an extreme
      example of a pro-hormone. Thyroglobulin is a dimeric glycoprotein of relative
      molecular mass (Mr) 660,000 (660K), which is secreted by the thyrocyte and stored
      in the lumen of the thyroid follicle. The hormonogenic reaction is extracellular,
      and involves iodination of tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin and the
      intramolecular coupling of a subset of these into thyroxine (T4) and
      triiodothyronine (T3), which remain part of the polypeptide chain. Secretion of
      hormones results from the endocytosis of thyroglobulin followed by its complete
      hydrolysis in lysosomes. Considering that the maximum yield of hormones is
      approximately 6-8 per 660K protein, the whole process is apparently wasteful.
      However, the efficiency of thyroglobulin as a thyroid hormone precursor is
      extremely high when the supply of iodine is short; in such conditions, almost all
      the iodine incorporated is found in iodothyronine. Hence it is suggested that the
      thyroglobulin structure has evolved to allow for the preferential and efficient
      iodination and coupling of the hormonogenic tyrosines. Here we report the
      complete primary structure of bovine thyroglobulin, derived from the sequence of
      its 8,431-base-pair complementary DNA. The 2,769-amino-acid sequence is
      characterized by a pattern of imperfect repeats derived from three cysteine-rich
      motifs. Four hormonogenic tyrosines have been precisely localized near the amino
      and carboxyl ends of the protein.

PMID- 3855244
TI  - Noncumulative sequence changes in the hemagglutinin genes of influenza C virus
      isolates.
AB  - Sequence analysis and comparison of hemagglutinin (HA) genes of different
      influenza C viruses isolated between 1947 and 1983 reveals that (1) the extent of
      difference among the HA genes is independent of the year in which these viruses
      were isolated and that (2) changes in the HA genes do not appear to accumulate
      with time. These results suggest that epidemiologically dominant variants of
      influenza C viruses do not emerge successively with time and that C virus
      variants derived from multiple evolutionary pathways cocirculate at any one time.
      Thus the epidemiology of influenza C viruses differs markedly from that of
      influenza A viruses, which is characterized by the emergence of successive
      variants. Based on the nucleotide sequence data, we propose different
      evolutionary models for influenza A and influenza C viruses.

PMID- 3855245
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of a nematode vitellogenin gene.
AB  - The nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, contains a family of six genes that code
      for vitellogenins. Here we report the complete nucleotide sequence of one of
      these genes, vit-5. The gene specifies a mRNA of 4869 nucleotides, including
      untranslated regions of 9 bases at the 5' end and 51 bases at the 3' end. Vit-5
      contains four short introns totalling 218 bp. The predicted vitellogenin, yp170A,
      has a molecular weight of 186,430. At its N terminus it is clearly related to the
      vitellogenins of vertebrates. However, the vit-5-encoded protein does not contain
      a serine-rich sequence related to the vertebrate vitellin, phosvitin. In fact,
      the amino acid composition of the nematode protein is very similar to that of the
      vertebrate protein without phosvitin. Vit-5 has a highly asymmetric codon choice
      dictionary. The favored codons are different from those favored in other
      organisms, but are characteristic of highly expressed C. elegans genes. The
      strong selection against rare codons is not as great near the 5' end of the gene;
      rare codons are 15 times more frequent within the first 54 bp than in the next
      4.8 kb.

PMID- 3855246
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a cloned woodchuck hepatitis virus genome: evolutional
      relationship between hepadnaviruses.
AB  - We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a cloned DNA of woodchuck
      hepatitis virus (WHV), the most oncogenic virus among hepadnaviruses. The genome,
      designated WHV2, is 3,320 base pairs long and contains four major open reading
      frames (ORFs) coded on the same strand of nucleotide sequence as in the human
      hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence and amino
      acid sequences deduced from it among the genomes of various hepadnaviruses
      demonstrates that each protein shows an intrinsic property in conserving its
      amino acid sequence. A parameter, the ratio of the number of triplets with one
      letter change but no amino acid substitution to the total number of triplets in
      which one-letter change occurred, was introduced to measure the intrinsic
      properties quantitatively. For each ORF, the parameter gave characteristic values
      in all combinations. Therefore, the relative evolutional distance between these
      hepadnaviruses can be measured by the amino acid substitution rate of any ORF.
      These comparisons suggest that (i) the difference between two WHV clones, WHV1
      and WHV2, corresponds to that among clones of a HBV subtype, HBVadr, and (ii) WHV
      and ground squirrel hepatitis virus can be categorized in a way similar to the
      subgroups of HBV.

PMID- 3855247
TI  - Sequence analysis of the membrane protein V3 of the flavivirus West Nile virus
      and of its gene.
AB  - Flaviviruses contain a large membrane-associated protein V3, having a mol mass of
      about 50 kDa which is responsible for hemagglutination. We have isolated the V3
      protein from the West Nile (WN) flavivirus and determined its amino-terminal
      amino acid sequence and amino acid sequences of fragments derived from this
      protein. We have also transcribed parts of the WN virus genome RNA into cDNA and
      cloned and sequenced this cDNA. The results of these analyses have allowed us to
      identify the region of the viral genome coding for the V3 protein. In this report
      we describe the total nucleotide sequence of the genome region coding for the WN
      virus V3 protein and the amino acid sequence of the V3 protein derived from these
      analyses. The exact carboxy terminus of the V3 protein has not been determined in
      these experiments. These analyses have shown that the V3 protein of WN virus does
      not contain an Asn-X-Ser/Thr sequence which could allow addition of N-linked
      carbohydrate chains to this protein. In accordance with this finding, analyses of
      metabolic labeling of the V3 protein using [3H]glucosamine indicate that the WN
      virus V3 protein is an unglycosylated protein. Together with our earlier analyses
      these results show that the viral structural proteins are present on the genome
      RNA in the order 5'-terminus-core protein (V2)-small membrane-associated protein
      (NV2)-large membrane-associated protein (V3) and describe the nucleotide
      sequences coding for all WN virus structural proteins identified so far. A
      hypothesis concerning the processes involved in the synthesis of all viral
      structural proteins and the probable orientation of these proteins relative to
      the endoplasmatic reticulum membrane based on the structure of these proteins is
      discussed.

PMID- 3855248
TI  - Characterization of the hamster desmin gene: expression and formation of desmin
      filaments in nonmuscle cells after gene transfer.
AB  - The structural organization of the hamster gene encoding the intermediate
      filament (IF) protein desmin has been determined. The gene, 6.5 kb in length,
      contains nine exons with a total length of 2169 nucleotides. Remarkably, the
      intervening sequences map at positions that fully correspond to those of the
      vimentin gene. The derived complete primary structure for hamster desmin (468
      amino acids; 53,250 daltons) reveals striking species variations in the NH2
      terminal domain of desmin. A plasmid containing the complete transcription unit
      of the desmin gene was transfected into hamster lens cells and into human
      epithelial (HeLa) cells. In both nonmuscle cell lines the desmin gene was
      biologically active. The synthesized desmin assembled into authentic IFs, as
      monitored by immunofluorescence. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that
      the newly formed desmin filaments colocalize with preexisting vimentin filaments,
      but not with preexisting keratin filaments.

PMID- 3855250
TI  - Retinal S antigen and retinoblastoma. A monoclonal antibody histopathologic
      study.
AB  - Using monoclonal antibody MAbA9-C6, which defines an epitope of retinal S antigen
      retained in fixed-tissue sections, we investigated S-antigen immunoreactivity in
      human fetal eyes from different gestational periods and 19 cases of
      retinoblastoma. S-antigen immunoreactivity was first observed in the outermost
      portion of the neuroblastic cell layer in the retina of a human fetus at 18
      weeks' gestation, a stage preceding photoreceptor differentiation, and at all
      later stages examined thereafter. All adult eyes containing normal photoreceptors
      bound MAbA9-C6. In retinoblastomas, several different patterns of S-antigen
      immunoreactivity were recognized. In seven cases, S-antigen immunoreactivity
      appeared to be associated with normal photoreceptor elements incorporated into
      the growing tumor. S-antigen immunoreactivity was associated with fleurettes
      within the retinoblastoma in three cases and Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes in
      seven cases. In 11 cases, S-antigen immunoreactivity was associated with isolated
      tumor cells. Our results show that S antigen may be a useful marker in the study
      of the embryologic development of the human retina and antigenic expression and
      modulation in retinoblastomas.

PMID- 3855249
TI  - The two alpha-tubulin genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardi code for slightly
      different proteins.
AB  - Full-length cDNA clones corresponding to the transcripts of the two alpha-tubulin
      genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardi were isolated. DNA sequence analysis of the cDNA
      clones and cloned gene fragments showed that each gene contains 1,356 base pairs
      of coding sequence, predicting alpha-tubulin products of 451 amino acids. Of the
      27 nucleotide differences between the two genes, only two result in predicted
      amino acid differences between the two gene products. In the more divergent alpha
      2 gene, a leucine replaces an arginine at amino acid 308, and a valine replaces a
      glycine at amino acid 366. The results predicted that two alpha-tubulin proteins
      with different net charges are produced as primary gene products. The predicted
      amino acid sequences are 86 and 70% homologous with alpha-tubulins from rat brain
      and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, respectively. Each gene had two intervening
      sequences, located at identical positions. Portions of an intervening sequence
      highly conserved between the two beta-tubulin genes are also found in the second
      intervening sequence of each of the alpha genes. These results, together with our
      earlier report of the beta-tubulin sequences in C. reinhardi, present a picture
      of the total complement of genetic information for tubulin in this organism.

PMID- 3855251
TI  - Elicitor-induced phytoalexin synthesis in soybean cells: changes in the activity
      of chalcone synthase mRNA and the total population of translatable mRNA.
AB  - Rapid changes in the mRNA activity encoding chalcone synthase, a central enzyme
      involved in isoflavonoid phytoalexin synthesis, were induced in cultured cells of
      soybean (Glycine max) after treatment with a glucan elicitor from the cell walls
      of the fungus, Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea, a soybean pathogen. Two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis of the in vitro- and in vivo-synthesized chalcone
      synthase showed that it consisted of a group of proteins of similar molecular
      weights of about 41,000, but with differing isoelectric points between pH 6.1 and
      pH 7.1. Total activity of chalcone synthase mRNA increased as early as 40 to 60
      min after the onset of elicitor induction, and reached a peak at about 4 h.
      Treatment with the fungal elicitor caused major changes in the population of
      total translatable RNA as indicated by two-dimensional electrophoresis of the
      translation products. The mRNA activities for at least 16 proteins were increased
      and for at least 4 proteins were decreased. The elicitor-induced changes in the
      population of translatable mRNA occurred at a rate similar to that observed for
      chalcone synthase mRNA activity. Our results suggest that soybean cells respond
      to the glucan elicitor by major metabolic changes at the RNA level including the
      enhanced capacity for phytoalexin synthesis.

PMID- 3855252
TI  - Glucomanna diet tablets.

PMID- 3855253
TI  - Persistent responsiveness of the neonatal ductus arteriosus in immature lambs: a
      possible cause for reopening of patent ductus arteriosus after indomethacin
      induced closure.
AB  - Reopening of the ductus arteriosus after successful indomethacin-induced closure
      has become a major problem with indomethacin treatment. In full-term human
      newborns and lambs, the ductus behaves like ischemic tissue after its initial
      constriction. Its ability to continue to relax or contract depends on the amount
      of left-to-right shunt through the ductus lumen. To see if ductus constriction in
      preterm lambs would produce the same loss of ductus responsiveness, we delivered
      42 lambs by cesarean section and ventilated them for 6.6 +/- 0.5 (+/- SE) hr. We
      measured ductus arteriosus resistance and left-to-right shunt with the use of
      radionuclide-labeled microspheres. After the hemodynamic measurements were
      obtained, the ductus was studied in vitro. Immature lambs were more likely to
      have reactive ductus (after their initial ductus constriction) than were more
      mature lambs. This was due to a diminished degree of ductus constriction as well
      as persistence of ductus responsiveness in immature lambs when compared with more
      mature lambs. This persistence of ductus responsiveness in immature lambs after
      ductus constriction may account for the high reopening rate in preterm infants
      after successful indomethacin-induced closure.

PMID- 3855254
TI  - Effect of sodium loading on the urinary excretion of prostaglandins E2 and F2
      alpha in rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro rats).
AB  - Current evidence suggests that the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and changes in
      sodium balance influence renal prostaglandins (PGs). To separate these two
      mechanisms, the effect of sodium loading on the urinary excretion of PGE2 and
      PGF2 alpha was studied in female Brattleboro rats with diabetes insipidus (DIHO)
      and compared with that in female, age matched, heterozygous Long Evans controls
      (LEHE). Ten DIHO and ten LEHE rats had a normal sodium intake. In ten DIHO rats a
      0.16% NaCl solution was supplied instead of drinking water for either 8 days (n =
      5) or 14 days (n = 5). In two groups of LEHE rats, sodium loading was obtained
      with a 0.80% NaCl solution for the same study periods. Urine PGs were measured by
      radioimmunoassay in three 24 h urine collections for each rat. Urine PGs were
      significantly increased in the 8 day loaded but not in the 14 day loaded LEHE
      rats. In DIHO rats, a non-significant increase in both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha was
      present after 8 days of sodium loading, while PGE2 and the E/F ratio were
      decreased after 14 days of salt loading. The findings suggest that the
      natriuresis induced by sodium loading in the rat may be mediated in part by
      increased production of PGs. In addition, it seems that ADH plays a role in this
      response.

PMID- 3855255
TI  - Glucocorticoid regulation of alkaline phosphatase in the osteoblastic
      osteosarcoma cell line ROS 17/2.8.
AB  - Dexamethasone increased alkaline phosphatase levels up to 7-fold in the
      osteoblast-like rat osteosarcoma cell line ROS 17/2.8. This effect was associated
      with reduced cell growth and took place over several days in culture. The
      increase in enzyme activity was dose dependent, (half-maximum near 1 nM, with a
      hormone specificity suggesting glucocorticoid receptor mediation). Dexamethasone
      also increased enzyme activity in ROS 2/3 cells, but not in two nonosteoblastic
      osteosarcoma cell lines, indicating that among these cell lines, the effect is
      specific for osteoblast-like cells. Moreover, enzyme activity in both control and
      dexamethasone-treated cells correlated directly with levels of
      radioimmunoassayable bone-type isoenzyme. Increases in alkaline phosphatase
      activity in response to dexamethasone were detectable after about 5 h and were
      inhibited by both actinomycin D and cycloheximide. Thus glucocorticoids appear to
      increase de novo enzyme synthesis in ROS 17/2.8 cells. Finally, the cAMP
      elevating agents PTH, isoproterenol, and 8-bromo-cAMP, which were previously
      shown to reduce alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblast-like cells,
      antagonized the effects of dexamethasone. Moreover, in the presence of
      dexamethasone, lower concentrations of these agents were required for inhibitory
      effects on alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 3855256
TI  - Triamcinolone acetonide 21-oic acid methyl ester: a potent local antiinflammatory
      steroid without detectable systemic effects.
AB  - There have been many previous attempts to prepare glucocorticoid analogs that
      would have high antiinflammatory activity at the site of application but minimal
      systemic side effects. In principle, esters of cortoic acids could fulfill these
      criteria, if they had sufficient affinity for the glucocorticoid receptors but
      were rapidly hydrolyzed to the inactive acids in the circulation. With this
      rationale, we have synthesized esters of the 21-oic acid of triamcinolone
      acetonide (TA, 9 alpha-fluoro-11 beta, 16 alpha, 17 alpha, 21-tetrahydroxy-pregna
      1, 4-diene-3,20-dione 16,17-acetonide), a potent synthetic glucocorticoid, in
      both tritiated and unlabeled forms. The synthesis involves 1) oxidation to the 21
      dehydro compound with methanolic cupric acetate, 2) further oxidation to the acid
      with methylene blue in the presence of KCN at pH 6.5, 3) esterification with
      diazomethane in the presence of methanol or ethanol, to produce the methyl ester
      of TA (TAme) or ethyl ester, respectively, and 4) purification of the products by
      TLC and HPLC. The molecular weights and structures of the esters were established
      by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The binding of [3H]TAme to
      steroid receptors or serum steroid-binding proteins and the in vitro hydrolysis
      of the ester were evaluated simultaneously, by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20
      columns in aqueous buffer. [3H]TAme is bound with high affinity by receptors from
      human leukemic cells and rat liver. The pattern of competition for this binding
      is characteristic of glucocorticoid receptors: TA approximately equal to TAme
      greater than R5020 (a synthetic progestin) approximately equal to aldosterone
      greater than 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. [3H]TAme is not bound detectably by
      serum steroid-binding proteins and is rapidly hydrolyzed during incubation with
      serum at 37 C. The acidic product has a very low affinity for the glucocorticoid
      receptor. Complexes of [3H]TAme with human and rat receptors have sedimentation
      coefficients of 9-10S in hypotonic buffer containing 20 mM Na2MoO4 and
      approximately 4S in hypertonic, molybdate-free buffer. These values of s20,w are
      similar to those of the oligomeric and monomeric forms, respectively, of the same
      receptors labeled with [3H]TA, and of mammalian steroid receptors, in general.
      The antiinflammatory activity of TAme in rats is comparable to that of
      prednisolone, but the ester is devoid of the side effects associated with
      prednisolone treatment (suppression of thymic weight and of serum corticosterone
      concentration). These bioassay data and the high affinity of the ester for human
      glucocorticoid receptors suggest that TAme may eventually be useful clinically,
      as a loc

PMID- 3855257
TI  - Prostanoid concentrations in maternal/fetal plasma and amniotic fluid and
      intrauterine tissue prostanoid output in relation to myometrial contractility
      during the onset of adrenocorticotropin-induced preterm labor in sheep.
AB  - Prostanoid [prostaglandin (PG)] concentrations were measured in ovine maternal
      and fetal plasma and amniotic fluid during the onset of preterm labor induced by
      the administration of a pulsatile infusion of ACTH-(1-24) (P-ACTH; 66.7 ng/min
      for 15 min every 2 h) to the fetus and in saline-infused controls. P-ACTH
      administration stimulated a change in intra-uterine pressure from type A
      activity, characterized by sustained increases of low amplitude, to type B labor
      like activity of short duration, high amplitude (greater than or equal to 10 mm
      Hg) increases which occurred between 12 and 8 h before the onset of labor. PGF2
      alpha and/or PGFM (13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2 alpha) concentrations increased
      consistently in all fluids 16 h or earlier before labor. All PGs increased in
      fetal carotid arterial plasma (PGE2 greater than PGF2 alpha) and amniotic fluid,
      and the relative increases in each PG were similar. However, PGF2 alpha and PGFM
      selectively increased in maternal vena caval and aortic plasma, whereas smaller
      or negligible increases in the prostacyclin hydrolysis metabolite 6-keto PGF1
      alpha (6KF) and PGE2 were noted. The output of PGs E2 and F2 alpha (picograms per
      10(5) cells/8 h) increased 1.6- and 1.7-fold, respectively, by cells dispersed
      from the chorioallantois of P-ACTH-treated animals compared to that in control
      animals infused with saline for 100 h. From fetal cotyledons, these increases
      were 2.4-fold (P less than 0.05) and 3.6-fold, respectively. No significant
      changes occurred in 6-keto PGF1 alpha output from any tissue or PGE2 or PGF2
      alpha output from amnion or maternal cotyledons. We conclude 1) that PGs increase
      in all fluids before the increase in uterine mechanical activity during induced
      preterm labor, implying that PGs mediate this event and are not a result thereof;
      2) that syntheses of PGs E2 and F2 alpha increase similarly in intrauterine
      tissues with the onset of labor; and 3) that a selective increase in PGF2 alpha,
      a myometrial stimulatory PG, occurs exclusively in maternal plasma, suggesting
      that endoperoxide conversion to PGF2 alpha is specifically enhanced during
      parturition or suggesting the existence of an intrauterine tissue source of 9
      keto PG reductase.

PMID- 3855258
TI  - Effect of graded doses of intraluminal H+, prostaglandin E2, and inhibition of
      endogenous prostaglandin synthesis on proximal duodenal bicarbonate secretion in
      unanesthetized rat.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of graded doses of
      intraluminal HCl and prostaglandin E2 on proximal duodenal bicarbonate secretion
      in unanesthetized rats. Basal bicarbonate secretion was approximately 14 mumol/cm
      . h and increased significantly in a dose-related manner to 50, 100, and 150 mM
      HCl as follows: 22.0 +/- 1.5, 29.2 +/- 4.0, and 42.0 +/- 4.3 mumol/cm . h,
      respectively (mean +/- SE). After a single 5-min infusion of 150 mM HCl, duodenal
      bicarbonate secretion remained significantly above basal for almost 3 h. The
      responses to 100 mM HCl and 10(-4) M prostaglandin E2 were similar (29.2 +/- 4.0
      and 26.9 +/- 4.4 mumol/cm . h, respectively). Indomethacin (4 mg/kg,
      intraperitoneally) suppressed the bicarbonate response to 150 mM HCl; whereas the
      response to 10(-4) M prostaglandin E2 was unaltered. These studies in the in vivo
      rat indicate that (a) graded doses of intraluminal HCl produced graded increases
      in proximal duodenal bicarbonate secretion; (b) the bicarbonate output in
      response to a 5-min infusion of HCl persisted for almost 3 h; and (c) the
      bicarbonate response to HCl was essentially abolished by indomethacin
      pretreatment, suggesting that endogenous prostaglandins are at least in part
      involved in acid-induced proximal duodenal bicarbonate secretion.

PMID- 3855259
TI  - Circadian and/or circahemidian rhythms in nine lymphocyte-related variables from
      peripheral blood of healthy subjects.
AB  - Circadian variations were investigated for nine lymphocyte-related variables in
      the peripheral blood of healthy subjects. Monoclonal antibodies targeted at
      membrane immunoglobulins (anti-Ig, anti-kappa, anti-lambda) or differentiation
      antigens (anti-IA and OKT3) were used to characterize respectively mature B cells
      (SIg+, kappa +, lambda +), cells expressing HLA-DR antigen (IA+), and T cells
      (OKT3+). Blood (33 ml) was drawn every 4 hr for 24 hr starting at 8.30 hr, on
      seven occasions in five apparently healthy male volunteers, recumbent from 23.00
      hr to 07.00 hr. Leukocyte and differential counts were measured. Mononuclear
      cells were isolated on Ficoll-Hypaque before being incubated with monoclonal
      antibodies. The proportion of fluorescent cells per 100 microscopically
      determined cells was multiplied by the number of circulating lymphocytes per
      milliliter of venous blood. Temporal variations were validated by both paired t
      test and cosinor. Rhythms with a period (tau) identical to 24 hr were validated
      with statistical significance (p less than 0.05) for total lymphocytes, OKT3+
      cells and OKT3+:SIg+ ratio, and suggested (0.05 less than or equal to p less than
      or equal to 0.10) for lambda + and (kappa + + lambda +) cells. Rhythms with tau
      identical to 12 hr were also found (p less than 0.05) for OKT3+, SIg+, kappa +,
      and IA+ cells as well as for the OKT3+:SIg+ and the kappa +:lambda + ratios.
      Validated rhythms exhibited a large amplitude, e.g., peak-through differences
      were 40% of the 24-hr mean. This circadian and circahemidian temporal structure
      of immunologic variables constitutes a time-qualified reference system for
      investigating immune regulations and a tool for optimizing both diagnostic
      criteria and effectiveness of immunotherapeutic attempts.

PMID- 3855260
TI  - Functional analysis of mononuclear cells infiltrating into tumors: differential
      cytotoxicity of mononuclear cells from tumors of immune and nonimmune rats.
AB  - A million syngeneic gliosarcoma (T-9) cells injected subcutaneously are
      sufficient to kill Fisher rats within 2 mo. Fisher rats became resistant to T-9
      cells by surgical removal of the implanted tumor and repeated immunization with
      MMC-treated T-9 cells. Histopathologic studies revealed massive accumulation of
      mononuclear cells in tumor tissues of immune rats that were rejecting syngeneic T
      9 tumors, whereas very few mononuclear cells were found in tumor tissues of
      nonimmune rats. Cell populations infiltrating into tumor tissues were identified
      by immunohistochemical techniques. Mononuclear cells found within the regressing
      tumors of immune rats were identified mostly to be T cells, and two-thirds of
      these T cells were OX-8 positive. In contrast, mononuclear cells found within the
      growing tumors of nonimmune rats were identified to be mixtures of macrophages
      and T cells, and very few OX-8 positive cells were found. Mononuclear cells were
      isolated from implanted T-9 tumors to determine whether mononuclear cells lysed T
      9 cells specifically. Significant tumoricidal activity was seen when mononuclear
      cells from tumors of immune rats were used, whereas no detectable tumoricidal
      activity was observed with mononuclear cells from tumors of nonimmune rats. Winn
      assays confirmed in vitro 51Cr release assays by showing that tumors were
      rejected only when T-9 cells were implanted into normal Fisher rats along with
      mononuclear cells from tumors of immune rats.

PMID- 3855261
TI  - Natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity does not depend on recognition of
      mannose 6-phosphate residues.
AB  - Interaction of mannose 6-phosphate-specific receptors with their ligands has been
      suggested to be essential for natural killer cell (NK)-mediated cytotoxicity.
      Indeed, mannose 6-phosphate-specific receptors and ligands bearing mannose 6
      phosphate residues are demonstrable on human peripheral blood leukocytes with NK
      activity as well as on K-562 NK target cells, allowing at least in principle such
      an interaction. It can also be shown that NK activity of human peripheral blood
      leukocytes is inhibited by mannose 6-phosphate. The following observations,
      however, exclude an essential role of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor-ligand
      system in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. 1) NK cytotoxicity is sensitive to a
      broad range of structurally unrelated sugar phosphates. 2) NK activity is normal
      in patients with I cell disease (mucolipidosis II), which due to a genetic defect
      are unable to synthesize the ligands for the mannose 6-phosphate-specific
      receptor. 3) NK cytotoxicity is not inhibited by an antiserum against the mannose
      6-phosphate receptor, which blocks the receptor function.

PMID- 3855262
TI  - Diagnostic medicine gains from DNA probes.

PMID- 3855263
TI  - Immunologic selection of hemopoietic precursor cells utilizing antibody-mediated
      plate binding ("panning").
AB  - We utilized the property of antibody adherence to plastic to separate and obtain
      enriched fractions of human myeloid (CFU-GM), erythroid (BFU-E) and pluripotent
      (CFU-GEMM) hemopoietic precursor cells. Nonadherent buoyant human marrow cells
      coated with mouse anti-human HLA-DR monoclonal antibody (Mc ab), an anti-pan T
      lymphocyte Mc ab (Leu 1/17F12) or a granulocyte--monocyte-specific Mc ab (MCS2)
      were incubated on polystyrene Petri plates coated with affinity purified goat
      anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG). Cells bound to the coated plates and nonbound
      cells were separately recovered ("panned") by differential elution. Analysis of
      the nonadherent buoyant marrow cells demonstrated 12% to possess HLA-DR, 6% T,
      40% MCS2 antigens on their surface by indirect immunofluorescence (IMF). After
      panning, 15% +/- 8%, 14% +/- 4% and 8% +/- 6% cells were plate-bound by their
      respective antibodies, demonstrating differing binding efficiencies. A
      substantial degree of purity of the recovered cell fractions was shown for bound
      74% +/- 6% and 75% +/- 5% IMF positive cells) and nonbound cells (3% +/- 1% and
      0.1% +/- 0.8% positive cells) coated with anti-HLA-DR or anti-T Mc ab
      respectively, with lesser purity for MCS2 panned cells. Seventy-three percent to
      126% CFU recovery was noted, with a sevenfold enrichment of the HLA-DR bound
      cells for CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM, and 3.5-fold enrichment for BFU-E. Sequential
      panning, obtaining T nonbound-DR bound-surface immunoglobulin nonbound fractions,
      resulted in tenfold CFU-GM enrichment (107/10(4) cells, approximately equal to
      1/100). Anti-MCS2 antibody was ineffective for panning, but use of this antibody
      in fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) indicated the absence of the MCS2
      antigen on the vast majority of CFU-GM. This study describes a relatively rapid
      and inexpensive method for obtaining enriched antigenically defined hemopoietic
      precursors in high yield. These techniques should prove useful for more clearly
      evaluating cellular and humoral interactions with hemopoietic precursor cells.

PMID- 3855264
TI  - Ara-C incorporation into DNA.

PMID- 3855265
TI  - Acute promyelocytic leukemia in 57 previously untreated patients.
AB  - Fifty-seven patients in initial phase of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) were
      treated in the same department with heparin infusion, platelet transfusions, and
      two related induction regimens both including cytosine arabinoside and
      daunorubicin. Clinical and biological findings at presentation were studied. The
      complete remission (CR) rate was 53%. Twenty-seven patients (47%) died during the
      initial course of the disease, either before day 5 (early death [ED], n = 7) or
      after day 5 (death in aplasia [DA], n = 20). Most ED was due to intracerebral
      hemorrhage (6/7), especially when large hemorrhages had been seen on fundus oculi
      examination. Most DA was due to multivisceral failure (9/20). No correlation was
      found between initial disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and death.
      However, the worsening of coagulation parameters during induction therapy, with
      or without initial DIC, significantly increased the occurrence of renal and
      respiratory failure which were particularly frequent during the first month. The
      median duration of survival was short (3.5 months) and the median duration of CR
      (11 months) was similar to that of other acute myeloid leukemias treated with the
      same regimens. The possible causes of the high mortality observed during the
      initial courses of APL and the possible benefit of a more graduate induction
      chemotherapy are discussed.

PMID- 3855266
TI  - The impact of antitumor therapy on nutrition.
AB  - The treatment of the cancer patient by surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy
      can impose significant nutritional disabilities on the host. The nutritional
      disabilities seen in the tumor-bearing host from antitumor therapy are produced
      by factors which either limit oral intake or cause malabsorption of nutrients.
      The host malnutrition caused as a consequence of surgery, chemotherapy or
      radiation therapy assumes even more importance when one realizes that many cancer
      patients are already debilitated from their disease.

PMID- 3855267
TI  - Acute myeloblastic leukemia and sarcoidosis. Implications for pathogenesis.
AB  - A disorder characterized by anemia and neutropenia due to impaired bone marrow
      function and a multisystem noncaseating granulomatous (NCG) disorder typical of
      sarcoidosis, culminated in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) in a patient after 6
      years of observation. Linkage between the leukemia and sarcoidosis is suggested
      by a precedent case report, by the statistical remoteness of a fortuitous
      concurrence, by numerous reported instances of regional or systemic NCG
      accompanying a variety of malignancies, and by evidence of AML immunogenicity. It
      appears possible that the sarcoidosis in this patient represented a tissue
      reaction to the AML.

PMID- 3855268
TI  - Osteosarcoma resembling osteoblastoma.
AB  - A series of 17 patients with osteosarcomas that histologically resembled
      osteoblastomas was studied. The ages of the 9 male and 8 female patients ranged
      from 11 to 58 years. The roentgenographic appearance was suggestive of malignancy
      in most cases. Two histologic features seemed most important in differentiating
      osteosarcoma from osteoblastoma. In the former, there is permeation of
      surrounding tissues and lack of "maturation" toward the edges, whereas
      osteoblastoma tends to show maturation peripherally and is circumscribed.
      Osteoblastoma-like osteosarcoma should be considered to be a malignant tumor
      because 7 of the 17 patients died of their disease. The authors believe that
      malignant osteoblastoma and aggressive osteoblastoma are really osteosarcomas
      that resemble osteoblastomas.

PMID- 3855269
TI  - Acute leukemia in two patients with hemophilia.
AB  - A 10-year-old classic hemophiliac and 1.5-year-old child with hemophilia B who
      developed acute lymphocytic and acute myelomonocytic leukemia respectively are
      presented. No changes in coagulation status of the patients were observed. It is
      suggested that hemophiliacs should be regarded as "population at risk" for the
      development of leukemia.

PMID- 3855270
TI  - The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome in leukemia. II. Variant Ph translocations in
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Nearly 20 patients with a masked Philadelphia (Ph) translocation have been
      described in chronic myelocytic leukemia. We report two instances of acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with variant Ph translocations. One case, involving
      a 26-year-old male, was associated with a variant t(14;22)(q32;q11)
      translocation. The second case involved a 36-year-old male with a more complex
      translocation, t(9;15;22)(q12;q26;q11). In each case, cells with a masked Ph
      translocation were observed. These appear to be the first ALL cases reported with
      a masked Ph chromosome. The findings are discussed in relation to recent
      knowledge regarding the genesis of the Ph chromosome.

PMID- 3855271
TI  - Further cytogenetic evidence for a multistep pathogenesis of Ph-positive chronic
      myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - A case of Ph-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in blastic crisis was studied
      extensively by means of cytogenetic techniques. Karyotypic features, as well as
      growth patterns, kinetic data, and rates of sister chromatid exchange, were
      examined in bone marrow, blood, and pleural effusion cells. The data provide
      strong evidence for a multistep pathogenesis of the disease, the development of
      which appears to be linked to mechanisms of clonal selection and genetic
      imbalance in the malignant cell population.

PMID- 3855272
TI  - Normal sister chromatid exchange frequencies during growth of a transplantable
      murine myeloid leukemia.
AB  - Frequencies of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) were analyzed in normal and
      coexisting leukemic cells harvested from the bone marrow of mice 10, 15, 18, and
      21 days after transplantation of myeloid leukemic cells. These
      posttransplantation stages correspond to no abnormal physical or clinical
      symptoms (day 10) through the terminal stage of leukemia (day 21). The data
      indicate that the SCE frequencies in normal cells of leukemic mice did not differ
      from those in normal cells of normal mice. Furthermore, the frequencies in the
      coexisting normal and leukemic cells remained statistically constant throughout
      the posttransplantation period. It is concluded from this study that spontaneous
      cellular SCE frequencies may not be altered by the presence or growth of leukemic
      cells.

PMID- 3855273
TI  - Interstitial deletion del(7)(q22;q31) in a case of Ph-negative CML.

PMID- 3855274
TI  - Chromosome 9 in variant Ph translocations.

PMID- 3855275
TI  - The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome in leukemia. III. Complex Ph translocation plus
      inversion in chronic myelocytic leukemia.
AB  - Remarkable chromosome abnormalities were observed in bone marrow cells from a
      woman with chronic myelocytic leukemia and atypical tuberculosis due to
      Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection. Four chromosome breaks occurred at
      bands 1p13, 1q32, 11p15, and 22q11. These breaks resulted in a complex
      Philadelphia (Ph) translocation between chromosomes #1, #11, and #22 and in an
      inversion of chromosome #1. Oncogenes on these chromosomes include N-ras and c-sk
      on chromosome #1, c-H-ras on chromosome #11, and c-sis on chromosome #22. Complex
      chromosome rearrangements may facilitate multiple oncogene changes, thereby
      permitting several steps in cancer development to occur simultaneously.

PMID- 3855276
TI  - Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. LIV. Near-tetraploidy in
      acute leukemia.
AB  - Near-tetraploid cell populations were observed in a case of T-cell acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and in one of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML).
      In the ALL case, hyperdiploid chromosomal changes, characterized by an
      isochromosome 17q [i(17q)], as well as other changes, were seen at the onset of
      the disease. At the first relapse, hypertetraploid cells appeared in about 10% of
      the mitoses in the bone marrow (BM), and by the second and third relapses, the
      hypertetraploidy was present in more than 90% of the mitoses in the BM. Even
      though karyotypic instability was evident, all abnormal karyotypes contained one
      or two i(17q) at every sampling. In spite of karyotypic instability at each
      relapse, karyotypic evolution was observed whenever relapse occurred. A normal
      female karyotype was confirmed in the BM of each period. Immunologic examinations
      performed at each sampling revealed no recognizable changes before and after the
      appearance of tetraploidy. In the AML case, which was classified as FAB M2,
      cytogenetic examination was performed at diagnosis and relapse. In both,
      hypotetraploid cells were observed in over 60% of the BM cells; the modal
      chromosome number was 90. Banding analysis was successful at relapse, and a
      pseudodiploid clone characterized by t(8;21) and a hypotetraploid clone with two
      t(8;21) and a loss of two Y chromosomes were observed in the same BM sample. A
      normal male karyotype was also observed in BM cells. In both cases, giant and
      bizarre blasts were seen in the BM. A close correlation between near-tetraploid
      mitoses and giant and bizarre blast cells in BM smears of the same samples was
      observed. Previously published tetraploid acute leukemia cases analyzed with
      banding methods were accumulated and compared with our two cases.

PMID- 3855277
TI  - Unusual translocations involving chromosomes 12;22 and 9;12 in a case of chronic
      myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - A case of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with highly unusual translocations
      involving both chromosomes #12 is reported. The origin of the Ph1 chromosome was
      due to a 12p/22q translocation. Chromosome #9 was involved in a translocation
      with the other chromosome #12. By critical examination of the "size" of the
      Philadelphia chromosome, it was noted that the breakpoints on 22q were different
      when compared with a previous case (see Verma and Dosik [16]), although the short
      arm of chromosome #12 (12p) was involved in both instances. So far, no apparent
      differences in the course of the disease have been attributed to the types of
      translocation observed in these cases.

PMID- 3855278
TI  - Correlation of karyotype with patient sex and age in acute myeloid leukemia.
AB  - Karyotypes were determined in 109 patients with acute myeloid leukemia. The
      proportions of patients with nonclonal chromosomal abnormalities, with numeric
      changes only, and with severe chromosomal aberrations were all found to increase
      to a statistically significant degree with patient age. Most patients in whom
      less than half of all cells were abnormal were elderly males. These results
      indicate that the cell karyotype was less stable in elderly patients than in
      younger patients. A higher frequency of nonclonal chromosomal changes was found
      in patients with clonal abnormalities compared with those without such
      abnormalities. Male patients tended to gain chromosomes and had more hyperdiploid
      abnormalities than female patients, who tended to lose chromosomes and had more
      hypodiploid abnormalities. This trend of chromosomal gain in males and loss in
      females mainly involved chromosomes similar in size to the sex chromosomes. Three
      female patients with trisomy 8 and one with 7q+ and t(8;21) showed an X
      chromosome twisted into a spiral shape. The results indicate that the initial
      karyotype effects the formation of some numeric changes. These findings are
      discussed in relation to possible secondary chromosomal changes and karyotypic
      instability.

PMID- 3855279
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for phorbol esters using rabbit antisera against phorbol
      succinate.
AB  - The phorbol nucleus was succinylated and then conjugated to bovine albumin using
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Rabbits given injections of the conjugate developed
      antibodies which rose in titer progressively with repeated immunization. By the
      ninth bleeding, the binding of one antiserum, diluted 1:15,000, was saturated
      with about 10 nM [3H]phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate [( 3H]-PDBU) and had an average
      association constant, Ka, of 2.6 X 10(8) M-1. The serological specificity of the
      antisera was characterized by examining the inhibition of the [3H]PDBU-anti
      phorbol succinate immune system by 18 phorbol-related compounds. The
      specificities of antibodies from two rabbits tested in detail were qualitatively
      similar. The rank order of inhibitory activity for certain phorbol-related
      compounds was PDBU [concentration of inhibitor required to give 50% inhibition of
      PDBU binding (IC50) = 7.6 nM] = phorbol-13-acetate [IC50 = 8.2 nM] greater than
      phorbol-12,13-dibenzoate greater than 4-beta-phorbol [IC50 = 124 nM] greater than
      or equal to phorbol-12,13-diacetate greater than or equal to phorbol-12-myristate
      13-acetate [IC50 = 184 nM] greater than phorbol-13,20-diacetate greater than
      phorbol-12-acetate [IC50 = 2300 nM]. The following compounds showed no detectable
      serological activity: mezerein, 4-0-methylphorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate,
      ingenol, 4-alpha-phorbol, teleocidin B, and dihydroteleocidin B. These and other
      results indicated that the 4-beta-phorbol nucleus was required for serological
      activity, that esterification of the C-13 position with benzoate, acetate, or
      butyrate enhanced the immunoreactivity of 4-beta-phorbol, and that among the
      phorbol-related compounds examined there was no direct relationship between
      serological activity and biological potency as tumor promoters. Using the
      [3H]PDBU-anti-phorbol succinate immune system, we measured the concentrations of
      immunoreactive phorbol-related material in crude mixtures such as croton oil and
      performed pharmacokinetic studies in rats given PDBU s.c.

PMID- 3855280
TI  - Nonselective destruction of murine neoplastic cells by syngeneic tumoricidal
      macrophages.
AB  - The purpose of these studies was to select in vitro tumor cells that were
      resistant to macrophage-mediated lysis. Seven different heterogeneous murine
      neoplasms (four fibrosarcomas, a melanoma, a rhabdomyosarcoma, and an osteogenic
      sarcoma) and one cloned line of a fibrosarcoma were incubated in vitro with
      syngeneic tumoricidal macrophages. Surviving tumor cells were recovered and
      expanded to undergo subsequent interaction with tumoricidal macrophages. After
      six sequential interactions, all cell lines were examined for their
      susceptibility to lysis mediated by murine peritoneal exudate macrophages
      activated with liposomes containing muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine.
      In all eight systems, no significant differences were detected between the parent
      tumor cells and cells that survived the sequential interactions. Neither
      macrophage infiltration into s.c. tumors nor the experimental or spontaneous
      metastatic potentials of the parental tumors differed from the lines established
      by cells surviving macrophage-mediated lysis. Collectively, the data suggest that
      tumor cell destruction by activated macrophages is nonselective and does not lead
      to the development of resistant tumor cells nor to cells with altered metastatic
      properties.

PMID- 3855281
TI  - Highly lipophilic phorbol esters as inhibitors of specific [3H]phorbol 12,13
      dibutyrate binding.
AB  - We examined the ability of a series of highly lipophilic phorbol esters to
      inhibit [20-3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding to the cytosolic aporeceptor from
      mouse brain. If added in the usual fashion directly into the aqueous phase of the
      assay mixture, phorbol 12,13-distearate, phorbol 12,13-dioleate, and phorbol
      12,13-dimyristate showed very weak inhibitory activities, with apparent inhibitor
      equilibrium dissociation constant values above 4 microM. In contrast, if
      incorporated directly into the liposomes used to reconstitute the aporeceptor,
      all three derivatives inhibited binding with high apparent affinities, 7.4 to 34
      nM. The less lipophilic derivative phorbol 12,13-didecanoate showed a similar
      high affinity, 2.4 to 3.2 nM, by either route of addition. Consistent with the
      activity of the lipophilic derivatives being masked by an inability to transfer
      from the aqueous to the lipid phase, phorbol 12,13-distearate added to the
      aqueous phase inhibited efficiently (apparent inhibitor equilibrium dissociation
      constant, 14 nM) in the presence of 0.03% Triton X-100. The results suggest that
      the phorbol ester receptor recognizes phorbol esters which are inserted into the
      lipid bilayer. They indicate, moreover, that the apparent low activity of the
      more lipophilic phorbol esters is strongly influenced by factors other than
      equilibrium binding affinities.

PMID- 3855283
TI  - Molecular and karyological analysis of methotrexate-resistant and -sensitive
      human leukemic CCRF-CEM cells.
AB  - A methotrexate-resistant subline, CCRF-CEM/R1, was selected stepwise from the
      human leukemic lymphoblast T-cell line, CCRF-CEM, and maintained in 0.2 microM
      methotrexate. The development of resistance to methotrexate (75-fold) was
      associated with a 20-fold increase of dihydrofolate reductase activity. The
      affinity of dihydrofolate reductase from the resistant cells for methotrexate did
      not vary significantly as compared to the enzyme from the parent cells. Southern
      blot analysis of DNA from parent and CCRF-CEM/R1 cells demonstrated amplification
      of the dihydrofolate reductase gene in the resistant line. Quantitative dot-blot
      DNA hybridization demonstrated the presence of about 18 reductase gene copies in
      the R1 cells. The human dihydrofolate reductase gene contained at least 4
      intervening sequences and was about 30 kilobases in size. Northern blot analysis
      demonstrated an increase in dihydrofolate reductase messenger RNA species, the
      predominant message was 3.8 kilobases. Cytogenetic analysis of CCRF-CEM/R1 cells
      revealed an elongated marker chromosome containing a homogeneous staining region
      not present in the parent line. This chromosome appeared to be derived from
      chromosome 21.

PMID- 3855282
TI  - Effects of calmodulin antagonists and cytochalasins on proliferation and
      differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60.
AB  - To identify the possible roles of Ca2+-related proteins, calmodulin and
      microfilaments in leukemic cells, we tested the effect of calmodulin antagonists
      and cytochalasins on proliferation and differentiation of human promyelocytic
      leukemic HL-60 cells. The growth of HL-60 was inhibited by N-(6-aminohexyl)-5
      chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide, N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2
      naphthalenesulfonamide, and trifluoperazine dihydrochloride. In contrast, the
      1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3]-induced differentiation of HL-60, as
      judged by plasma-membrane antigenic changes detected by monoclonal antibodies
      (OKM1, OKT9), nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, and induction of phagocytotic
      capacity, was not inhibited by N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
      or N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide, although phagocytosis was
      depressed by N-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide or N-(4
      aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide. Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride
      also failed to inhibit the antigenic change induced by 1,25-(OH)2D3.
      Cytochalasins B and D, microfilament-disrupting agents, inhibited the cytoplasmic
      division and the growth of HL-60 but did not inhibit the 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced
      differentiation. These findings suggest that the calmodulin- and microfilament
      dependent process may be involved in the proliferation of HL-60, but not in the
      differentiation induced by 1,25-(OH)2D3.

PMID- 3855284
TI  - Cytotoxic effects of folate antagonists against methotrexate-resistant human
      leukemic lymphoblast CCRF-CEM cell lines.
AB  - A human T-lymphoblast cell line, CCRF-CEM/R1, resistant to methotrexate by virtue
      of increased dihydrofolate reductase activity, was grown in stepwise increasing
      concentrations of methotrexate. This additional selection pressure resulted in a
      cell line, CCRF-CEM/R2, resistant to methotrexate by virtue of both an elevation
      of dihydrofolate reductase activity and a marked decrease in methotrexate
      transport. The R1 and R2 cells were approximately 70- and 350-fold more resistant
      to methotrexate than were the parent cells. The effects of three folate
      antagonists were studied on these cell lines and also on CCRF-CEM/R3 cells,
      characterized by impaired methotrexate transport but normal levels of
      dihydrofolate reductase. The elevated reductase subline CCRF-CEM/R1 was cross
      resistant to triazinate [Baker's antifol, NSC 139105; ethanesulfonic acid
      compounded with alpha-(2-chloro-4-[4,6-diamino-2,2-dimethyl-S-triazine-1-(2H)-yl]
      phenoxyl)-N,N-dimethyl-m-toluamide (1:1)] and trimetrexate (NSC 249008, JB-11,
      TMQ; 2,4-diamino-6-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)methyl]quinazoline), two
      nonclassical folate antagonists. In contrast, the transport defective subline,
      CCRF-CEM/R3 was not cross-resistant to these two compounds. In cells resistant to
      MTX by virtue of both mechanisms, CCRF-CEM/R2, triazinate, and trimetrexate were
      partially cross-resistant. All three methotrexate-resistant sublines showed minor
      cross-resistance to isoaminohydroxyquinazoline (IAHQ, NSC 289517; 5,8
      dideazaisopteroylglutamate), a folate antagonist inhibitor of thymidylate
      synthase. These data demonstrate that methotrexate-resistant tumor cells may be
      effectively inhibited by antifolates with different route of entry into cells or
      with different enzyme targets.

PMID- 3855285
TI  - Chromosomal alterations in acute leukemia patients studied with improved culture
      methods.
AB  - Cytogenetic studies, using improved short-term culture techniques, were performed
      on 64 patients with acute leukemia to determine the incidence and kinds of clonal
      karyotypic changes detectable with this newer methodology. An adequate number of
      analyzable mitoses was obtained from 59 patients. Clonal chromosomal alterations
      were found in 88% (52 of 59) of patients, as compared to approximately 50% in
      previous studies of acute leukemia in which conventional techniques were used.
      From our series, abnormal karyotypes were detected in 37 of 44 (84%) cases with
      primary acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, all 5 with secondary acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia, and all 10 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Among the entire group of
      patients, several recurrent abnormalities were observed, e.g., -7 in eight cases,
      +8 in seven cases, t(15;17) in four cases, and t(8;21) or a variant of this
      translocation in four cases. In five patients, the only abnormality was a rather
      subtle structural rearrangement (e.g., tiny deletion). Five other patients had
      clonal changes which were found in less than 10% of the mitoses examined in each
      case. Our results indicate that most patients with acute leukemia, both acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, have clonal chromosome
      abnormalities associated with their disease.

PMID- 3855286
TI  - Depression of natural killer cytotoxic activity in lymphocytes infiltrating human
      pulmonary tumors.
AB  - We assessed natural killer activity of lymphocytes present at the site of human
      tumors to determine the local effects of the tumor on immune function.
      Lymphocytes were extracted from human pulmonary tumors of varying histological
      types. In addition to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), peripheral blood
      lymphocytes from the same patients were prepared. Using a Michaelis-Menten
      kinetic model and titration of K562 targets in a 51Cr release assay, TIL
      exhibited a marked depression of maximal lytic capacity (Vmax) when compared to
      autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes. In a single cell lysis and binding assay
      to assess the proportion of target-binding lymphocytes and target-lysing binders,
      both TIL and peripheral blood lymphocytes had equivalent numbers of lymphocytes
      binding target cells and an equivalent number of target-binding cells that could
      mediate cytolysis. Analysis of lymphocyte subsets was performed using mouse
      monoclonal antibodies. The TIL population expressed markers found on natural
      killer cells, including HNK-1 and B73.1. Thus, natural killer cells are present
      at the tumor site, show lytic capability, but appear to be unable to recycle for
      multiple lytic events.

PMID- 3855287
TI  - Enhancement of the differentiation-inducing properties of 6-thioguanine by
      hypoxanthine and its nucleosides in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells.
AB  - Previous work has shown that 6-thioguanine (TGua) is an effective inducer of
      differentiation of Friend and HL-60 leukemia cells which lack hypoxanthine
      guanine phosphoribosyltransferase but is at best only weakly active in inducing
      maturation in parental wild-type cells. Studies in wild-type and mutant HL-60
      cells have provided evidence that the free-base TGua is the form of this drug
      that induces differentiation, while the formation of TGua nucleotides leads to
      cytotoxicity and inhibits differentiation. To attempt to increase the potential
      of TGua to serve as an inducer of parental HL-60 leukemia cells, physiological
      purine and pyrimidine nucleosides were tested for their ability to protect HL-60
      cells against TGua-induced cytotoxicity. Adenosine, deoxyadenosine, inosine, and
      deoxyinosine completely prevented the toxic action of the purinethiol, while
      guanosine and deoxyguanosine were only partially effective. The capacity of
      adenosine and deoxyadenosine to prevent the cytotoxicity of TGua was abolished by
      the inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, deoxycoformycin, implying that inosine and
      deoxyinosine were the active forms of the protecting agents. The protective
      activities of inosine and deoxyinosine appeared to depend on phosphorolysis
      catalyzed by purine nucleoside phosphorylase, since exogenously added
      hypoxanthine was as effective as inosine in reducing the cytotoxicity of the
      purine antimetabolite. Accumulation of TGua nucleotides in the acid-soluble
      fraction of HL-60 cells treated with TGua was significantly decreased by the
      presence of inosine. Inosine also served under these circumstances as a D-ribose
      1-phosphate donor to TGua, as evidenced by its increased conversion to 6
      thioguanosine. The prevention of the cytotoxicity of TGua by the simultaneous
      administration of hypoxanthine or its nucleosides resulted in an expression of
      the differentiation-inducing properties of TGua in HL-60 cells, as measured by
      the accumulation of nitroblue tetrazolium-positive cells. These findings support
      the concept that the processes of cytotoxicity and differentiation are separable
      events produced by different metabolic forms of the purine antimetabolite.

PMID- 3855288
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of amsacrine in patients receiving combined chemotherapy for
      treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of amsacrine have been studied after the first and third
      infusions (200 mg . m-2) in 10 patients receiving combined chemotherapy for the
      treatment of acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). Postinfusion amsacrine
      elimination was best described by a biexponential expression with a mean t1/2
      alpha of 0.8 h and a terminal t1/2 beta of 5.3 h. After the third infusion there
      was a significant reduction (P less than 0.05) in the plasma clearance (Cl) and a
      prolongation of the terminal half-life (t1/2 beta) (P less than 0.01), but no
      change in the initial half-life (T1/2 alpha) or volume of distribution (Vd). No
      significant overall changes were recorded in any of the biochemical indices of
      renal or hepatic function between the first and third infusions, but the patient
      who exhibited the largest reduction in Cl showed a marked increase in AST levels
      and a reduction in albumin concentration. Two distinct groups were apparent after
      the first infusion, patients with a Cl greater than 294 and those with a Cl less
      than 208 ml . h-1 . kg-1. The latter patients were significantly older (P less
      than 0.05), and four of the five had subnormal albumin concentrations. Urinary
      determination of amsacrine indicated that renal elimination plays a minor role in
      the total clearance of this drug. Amsacrine was also found to be highly bound to
      plasma proteins (96.4%-97.7%), but changes in binding were not responsible for
      the reduced Cl and prolonged t1/2 beta observed between the first and third
      infusions. We suggest that the elimination of amsacrine may be susceptible to
      small changes in hepatic function, perhaps due to the high amsacrine
      concentrations (5-18 mumol . l-1) achieved with this regimen, which may be
      approaching saturation of the capacity for hepatic elimination.

PMID- 3855289
TI  - Phase-II trial of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin (DMDR) for advanced hypernephroma.
AB  - A phase-II trial of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin (4-DMDR) was performed in 21 patients
      with advanced renal cell carcinoma. The drug had demonstrated a broader spectrum
      of activity with less cardiotoxicity in preclinical evaluation than the parent
      compound daunorubicin. The starting dose was 12.5 mg/m2, with escalations to 15
      and 17.5 mg/m2 in the absence of toxicity. Myelosuppression was the primary
      toxicity and cardiac toxicity was not seen in four patients who received four or
      more doses of DMDR. No responses were seen in 19 adequately treated patients,
      including 14 who had received no prior therapy.

PMID- 3855290
TI  - Induction of remission in acute promyelocytic leukemia with mitoxantrone.
AB  - Two patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia in first relapse received
      mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2/day for 5 days. Both patients received IV heparin with
      replacement of platelets and coagulation factors for control of disseminated
      intravascular coagulopathy. Both have achieved a complete remission after one
      course of treatment. We conclude that mitoxantrone is active in patients with
      acute promyelocytic leukemia and that these patients should also be included in
      the planned prospective randomized trials comparing daunorubicin and mitoxantrone
      in combination with cytarabine in previously untreated patients with acute
      nonlymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3855291
TI  - Continuous positive airway pressure: a breathing system to minimize respiratory
      work.
AB  - During continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) the work of breathing is least
      when there is no change of airway pressure measured at the mouth (delta Paw)
      during respiration. In this study we consider the physical properties of CPAP
      circuits which determine the magnitude of delta Paw, and apply this information
      to the design of a simple, reliable CPAP system that minimizes delta Paw and
      incorporates the additional advantages of low-flow rates and the use of commonly
      available proven components. Using a weighted reservoir bag and threshold CPAP
      valve to maintain pressure, we found that delta Paw may be reduced to less than
      1.0 cm H2O during quiet breathing, at a tidal volume of 700 ml and maximum
      inspiratory flow of 1.35 L/sec. delta Paw was dependent on both the resistance
      and the reactance of the circuit components; it was increased when resistance or
      flow rates were high, and when delivery pressure depended on the elastic tension
      in the wall of the reservoir bag or on compression of the bag with springs or
      elastic bands.

PMID- 3855292
TI  - [Rhino-cranial mucormycosis in acute leukemia].
AB  - The diagnosis of acute lymphatic non-T-non-B leukaemia of common ALL type was
      confirmed in a 22-year-old woman. Cytostatic treatment brought full remission for
      21/2 years. Renewed cytostatic treatment for recurrence brought about a
      mucormycosis in the mid-face region during a period of protracted
      agranulocytosis, despite antibiotic prophylaxis with ketoconazole and
      cotrimoxazole. The causative mucor organism was demonstrated in smears and biopsy
      material. The infection was successfully treated with i.v. amphotericin B and
      debridement of the affected tissue. There remained large tissue defects in the
      region of gum, nose, upper lip and right oral cavity. Previously the mortality
      rate of mucormycosis in the course of leukaemia was 100%.

PMID- 3855293
TI  - [Oncogens and cancer. Review and a new method for measuring the gene expression
      in relation to the cell cycle].

PMID- 3855294
TI  - Control of HL-60 myeloid differentiation. Evidence of uncoupled growth and
      differentiation control, S-phase specificity, and two-step regulation.
AB  - Myeloid differentiation of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells was studied
      during DMSO-induced differentiation. G 1/0-specific growth arrest could occur
      without the usual associated subsequent phenotypic differentiation into mature
      myeloid cells, suggesting that growth arrest and phenotypic differentiation are
      separately regulated. In the course of differentiating, the cells achieved a semi
      stable intermediate state where they had a labile, pre-commitment memory of
      exposure to inducer, but were not yet committed to differentiation. This state
      was associated with a nuclear structural change previously found to be associated
      with the precommitment memory state. The process of differentiation could thus be
      resolved into two steps, early events up through development of pre-commitment
      memory and late events subsequents to pre-commitment memory. The kinetics of
      terminal cell differentiation indicated that the cellular regulatory event
      initiating a program of differentiation in response to inducer was S phase
      specific. A comparison of the present results for DSMO to previous results for
      retinoic acid (RA)-induced HL-60 myeloid differentiation showed that the two
      inducers effect different cellular pathways for differentiation of HL-60 cells to
      mature myeloid cells, but with certain common features including the above S
      phase specificity and pre-commitment memory.

PMID- 3855295
TI  - Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene of staphylococcal plasmid pC221.
      Nucleotide sequence analysis and expression studies.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the inducible chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene
      (cat) of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pC221 has been determined. The deduced
      primary structure for the 215 residue polypeptide (25.9 kDa) is in agreement with
      partial amino acid sequence data on the purified protein, previously designated
      as the type C variant of CAT. In common with the inducible cat elements of pC194
      and B. pumilus, the 5' non-coding region of the cat of pC221 contains an inverted
      complementary repeat ('stem-loop' or 'hairpin') which may sequester the predicted
      ribosome bonding site of the mRNA. The likely transcription initiation site has
      been determined in vitro using purified B. subtilis RNA polymerase. Recombinant
      plasmids carrying the cat of pC221 on a 1156 bp TaqI fragment are expressed
      inefficiently in Escherichia coli, wherein induction is both poor and orientation
      specific.

PMID- 3855297
TI  - Feasibility study.

PMID- 3855296
TI  - Hepatic cirrhosis in young adults: association with adolescent onset of alcohol
      and parenteral heroin abuse.
AB  - Hepatic cirrhosis is infrequently diagnosed in young adults. In a hospital for
      addictive diseases in New York City, we found cirrhosis in 53 patients under age
      35 within just 40 months. The cirrhosis was biopsy-proven in 37 patients (group
      I) and diagnosed clinically in 16 patients with severe liver disease (group II).
      Alcohol abuse was found in 51 patients (96%), and parenteral heroin abuse was
      seen in 52 (98%). The duration of alcohol abuse was seven or fewer years in 24
      patients (45%) and 10 or fewer in 39 (74%). In 44 (83%), the substance abuse
      began in adolescence. Comparison of group I cirrhotic patients with 65 non
      cirrhotic biopsied patients showed that cirrhosis was significantly associated
      with abuse of both alcohol and parenteral heroin (p less than 0.001). The
      distribution of 66 HLA antigens from A, B, C, and DR loci showed no differences
      when 42 patients were compared with 42 ethnically-matched control substance
      abusers. The early development of cirrhosis in these young patients may be
      related to multiple hepatic injuries induced by alcohol and parenteral heroin
      abuse and to the onset of addictive diseases during adolescence or early adult
      life.

PMID- 3855298
TI  - Adolescents with bulimic and nonbulimic eating disorders.
AB  - Twenty-eight adolescents with eating disorders were analyzed in a study that
      included a retrospective examination of their hospital records and a letter to
      their family doctor and the patient. These 28 patients were dieting to lose
      weight, with nine reporting episodes of overeating and vomiting. The clinical
      characteristics of the bulimic patients versus the nonbulimic are contrasted.
      Bulimic patients tended to be older and ill for longer. They had a higher weight
      score, vomited more, and used laxatives and diet medications more frequently.
      They threatened suicide more often than nonbulimics and many had been overweight
      previously. Poor outcome was positively associated with bulimia, longer duration
      of illness, and older age of presentation, but not with a lower weight during the
      illness. However, with the exception of the presence of vomiting and being less
      likely to feel fat, these differences in clinical characteristics between bulimic
      and nonbulimic groups did not approach the level of statistical significance.

PMID- 3855299
TI  - Self-starvation in a diabetic adolescent.
AB  - The case of a 14-year-old girl who began food refusal shortly after the
      development of diabetes mellitus is presented. Her dieting eliminated the need
      for insulin and urine testing and, as a result, allowed the patient to deny that
      she had diabetes. Although her course resembled that seen in primary anorexia
      nervosa, this patient was felt to have atypical anorexia nervosa, in this case an
      extreme form of illness denial probably associated with psychosis.

PMID- 3855300
TI  - Regulation of protein synthesis and accumulation during murine erythroleukemia
      cell differentiation.
AB  - We have examined the repertoire of cytoplasmic proteins present at different
      times during murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cell differentiation. Our laboratory
      has developed an improved differentiation system in which the use of rapidly
      inducing MEL subclones and culture conditions which stabilize terminally
      differentiated cells results in highly synchronous differentiation and the
      accumulation of large numbers of cells in the end stages of differentiation.
      Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the proteins of MEL cell cytoplasm
      have been fractionated at different times of induction in the improved system.
      The protein composition of MEL cell cytoplasm changes dramatically during the
      differentiation program, in contrast to previously reported results. We observe
      patterns of changes that are consistent with alterations in the relative
      degradative rates as well as the relative synthetic rates of the different
      proteins. We find that the rate of incorporation of labeled amino acid into
      protein is reduced in induced cultures of MEL cells. We demonstrate that the
      contribution of uninduced cells to the protein patterns observed late in
      differentiation is minor in our system, and argue that the results previously
      obtained for differentiating MEL cells were influenced by the heterogeneity of
      the induced populations.

PMID- 3855301
TI  - Regulation of glycophorin gene expression by a tumor-promoting phorbol ester in
      human leukemic K562 cells.
AB  - We have previously shown that treatment of the human leukemic cell line K562 with
      the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) leads to a
      reduction in the expression of two surface glycoproteins, Gp-105 and glycophorin
      (Fukuda, M. (1981) Cancer Res. 41, 4621-4628). In this report, we examine the
      mechanism for reduction of glycophorin expression. By immunoprecipitation of
      metabolically labeled proteins, we found an 11-fold reduction in the
      incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into glycophorin after 48 h of TPA treatment.
      This was found to closely correlate with a reduction in [35S]methionine
      incorporation, suggesting that regulation occurs at the level of protein
      synthesis and not glycosylation. We also found that TPA decreased the
      incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into glycophorin in another leukemic cell line,
      HEL. A time course showed that there was a 3-fold reduction in glycophorin
      biosynthesis as early as 4 h after TPA treatment. The level then decreased to
      approximately 10% of the untreated control levels after 12 h of treatment. The
      reduction in glycophorin biosynthesis was found to be reversible following
      removal of TPA from the culture medium. By immunoprecipitation of in vitro
      translation products directed by purified total cellular RNA, we found that there
      is a corresponding decrease in glycophorin mRNA activity. Glycophorin mRNA
      activity was extensively reduced as early as 1 h after TPA treatment and by 12 h
      was nearly undetectable. Interestingly, the size of the primary translation
      product was found to be 8 kDa larger than the fully processed apoprotein. These
      results are consistent with the transcriptional regulation of glycophorin
      expression by TPA.

PMID- 3855303
TI  - 62nd AADS annual session, March 17-20, 1985, Las Vegas, Nevada. Abstracts of
      educational research and new programs presentations.

PMID- 3855302
TI  - Phorbol esters increase calcitonin gene transcription and decrease c-myc mRNA
      levels in cultured human medullary thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a tumor of the calcitonin-secreting thyroid C
      cell, with a variable malignant potential. Virulent tumors are characterized by
      decreased calcitonin production, suggesting the emergence of a less
      differentiated medullary thyroid carcinoma cell. In order to further delineate
      relationships between tumor progression and status of differentiation of
      medullary thyroid carcinoma cells, we have sought to chemically manipulate the TT
      cell line, an established culture of human medullary thyroid carcinoma, derived
      from a patient with aggressive disease. We found that the phorbol esters, 12-O
      tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate 1) altered the
      morphology of the TT cells towards that of high-calcitonin-containing cells; 2)
      enhanced calcitonin secretion 7-fold; 3) increased calcitonin production at the
      transcriptional level by 2-fold; 4) inhibited cellular proliferation; and 5)
      decreased, by 80%, the levels of the c-myc gene mRNA. These data suggest that
      phorbol esters induce, in human medullary thyroid carcinoma cells in culture, a
      programmed pattern of events resulting in differentiation of these cells.

PMID- 3855304
TI  - The HLA complex and the pathogenesis of infectious diseases.

PMID- 3855305
TI  - Monocyte inhibition of lung fibroblast growth: relationship to fibroblast
      prostaglandin production and density-defined monocyte subpopulations.
AB  - Mononuclear cell fibroblast interactions in the normal human lung are poorly
      understood. Mononuclear cells can regulate fibroblast function and blood
      monocytes are known to migrate to the lung and participate in pulmonary
      inflammation. Thus, to clarify mononuclear cell-fibroblast interactions in the
      normal lung, we obtained supernatants from adherent monocytes and characterized
      their effect on the log phase growth of human lung fibroblasts. Monocyte
      supernatants inhibited fibroblast growth in a dose-dependent fashion. The
      inhibition was the result of an approximately 16,000 MW soluble factor(s) that
      was heat stable, trypsin sensitive, and chymotrypsin resistant. Elaboration of
      the factor(s) required monocyte protein synthesis and was not restricted to a
      density-defined monocyte subpopulation. The inhibitory capacity of a monocyte
      supernatant was directly related to its ability to stimulate fibroblast
      prostaglandin production. Blocking fibroblast prostaglandin production reversed
      the inhibition of fibroblast growth caused by monocyte supernatants. Thus,
      monocyte inhibition of fibroblast growth may be mediated by fibroblast
      prostaglandin production. Recruitment of monocytes to the lung and subsequent
      monocyte inhibition of fibroblast growth may be important in regulating pulmonary
      fibrosis.

PMID- 3855306
TI  - Reticuloendothelial system activated by fructose-1,6-diphosphate in mice.
AB  - Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) exerts a marked activity on reticuloendothelial
      system (RES) functions, increasing in mice the clearance of colloidal carbon. ATP
      depletion occurring during phagocytic activity is concentrated by FDP.

PMID- 3855307
TI  - Enhanced lysis of [125I]5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeled target cells in the
      presence of normal macrophages: possible mechanisms of action.
AB  - The potential mechanisms involved during the faster release of [125I]-iodo-2'
      deoxyuridine (125IdUrd)-labeled target sarcoma cells in the presence of normal
      C57BL/6J peritoneal macrophages were investigated. Maximum (= 90%) "spontaneous"
      release of 125I from target cells cultured alone occurred over a period of about
      10 days. However, after about 3 days, confluent sheets of target cells developed.
      In the presence of normal macrophages, 90% of the 125I was released between 3 and
      7 days, again with the formation of confluent sheets of target cells. This
      enhanced 125I release was not influenced by increasing the relative concentration
      of IdUrd using the nonradioactive isotope 127IdUrd. Established mechanisms of
      target cell destruction were investigated but no evidence was found for the
      involvement of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, or regulation by
      prostaglandin synthesis. The macrophage-mediated effect was abrogated by
      incorporating hydrocortisone-acetate (10(-7) to 10(-4) M) into the culture medium
      but this did not affect target cell proliferation. The use of serum-free culture
      medium suggested that macrophages secreted a soluble mediator that was not
      derived from or dependent on the presence of fetal bovine serum. In addition,
      macrophage-conditioned medium was able to induce the faster 125I release. The
      failure to precipitate with 20% trichloroacetic acid the 125I released from
      target cells cultured in the presence of macrophages indicated that the
      radioactive component had been separated from the precipitable DNA. The data are
      discussed in light of two possible hypotheses: that macrophages recognized subtle
      changes in IdUrd-labeled cells and exacerbate radiotoxicity, and that the faster
      release reflected proliferative death caused by stimulated growth.

PMID- 3855308
TI  - Herpes simplex encephalitis.

PMID- 3855309
TI  - Abnormal computed tomography brain scans in children with acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia: serial long-term follow-up.
AB  - In a previous study we reported the occurrence of computed tomographic (CT) brain
      scan abnormalities in a group of asymptomatic children with acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia (ALL) who had received prophylactic cranial irradiation and maintenance
      intrathecal chemotherapy. One or more of four types of CT-scan abnormalities were
      observed: ventricular dilatation (VD), subarachnoid space dilatation (SAD), areas
      of parenchymal decreased attenuation coefficient (DAC), and intracerebral
      calcifications (CALs). To study the natural history of these findings, serial CT
      scans were obtained on 24 of the original 32 patients who were available for long
      term follow-up. CT scanning was performed for a minimum of seven years from the
      initiation of CNS preventive therapy. Review of the CT scans showed that VD (n =
      5) and SAD (n = 7) were stable over the time of follow-up. DAC, originally
      observed in two patients, was no longer present on follow-up scans. In contrast,
      five patients developed CALS from five to seven years after initiation of CNS
      preventive therapy. All occurred in children who were less than 8 years of age at
      the time of diagnosis (P less than .01). These data indicate that CALs may
      develop many years after the cessation of CNS preventive therapy and suggest that
      long-term CT-scan follow-up should be considered in children who have received
      CNS preventive therapy.

PMID- 3855310
TI  - Altered central nervous system pharmacology of methotrexate in childhood
      leukemia: another sign of meningeal relapse.
AB  - CSF and plasma antifolate concentrations during 257 intravenous (IV) infusions of
      high-dose methotrexate were measured in 60 children with acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia. In 49 children who have never had evidence for CNS leukemia, the mean
      steady-state CSF to plasma methotrexate ratio was 0.013 (SD = 0.01). In contrast,
      11 children with overt meningeal leukemia had a 12-fold higher mean ratio of
      0.157 (range, 0.013 to 0.844, p less than .01). In the group of patients studied,
      all of those with a CSF methotrexate concentration greater than 2 SD above the
      mean either had leukemic cells in the CSF or subsequently developed this
      condition. In two patients, overt CNS leukemia was preceded by a high CSF:plasma
      drug ratio at a time when there was no cytologic or clinical evidence for CNS
      leukemia. As previously observed with intrathecal methotrexate, we conclude that
      overt meningeal leukemia increases CSF drug concentrations during IV methotrexate
      therapy. An elevated CSF to plasma ratio may be useful to predict imminent CNS
      relapse or to verify completeness of response to therapy.

PMID- 3855311
TI  - Effects of protein-free diet and food deprivation on hepatic rhodanese activity,
      serum proteins and acute cyanide lethality in mice.
AB  - This study was undertaken to evaluate changes in hepatic and extra-hepatic
      cyanide detoxication resulting from nutritional deficits and any parallel changes
      in cyanide sensitivity. Male CD-1 mice were fed control diet, control diet in
      reduced quantities or protein-free diet. After 14 d body weight and relative
      liver size were lower in the protein-free diet and the food-deprived groups than
      in the control group. Hepatic and serum protein and albumin concentrations were
      lower in the protein-free diet group and hepatic protein and albumin
      concentrations were higher in the food-deprived group than in the control group.
      Hepatic rhodanese activity was higher in the protein-free diet group than in
      either of the other two groups. Compared to controls lethality was higher in the
      protein-free diet group when cyanide was administered in doses of 4 mg/kg body
      weight alone and 10.7 and 16.0 mg/kg body weight after thiosulfate pretreatment;
      but only higher in the food-deprived group at the higher dose cyanide given
      together with thiosulfate. These data suggest that hepatic rhodanese is not
      principally involved in the detoxication of cyanide even when exogenous
      thiosulfate is provided, nor does thiosulfate appear to exert its antidotal
      action by increasing the available cyanide-labile albumin-bound sulfane-sulfur.

PMID- 3855312
TI  - The effect of a single oral dose of ethyl linoleate on urinary prostaglandin E2
      excretion in essential fatty acid-deficient rats.
AB  - The effects of a single oral dose of ethyl linoleate on urinary prostaglandin E2
      (PGE2) excretion and urine output were investigated in essential fatty acid (EFA)
      deficient rats. Weanling male rats were fed a fat-free diet. After 13 wk of
      feeding, eight rats received an oral dose of 400 mg of ethyl oleate. Seven days
      later the same eight rats received 400 mg of ethyl linoleate. The oleate dosage
      served as control. Another seven EFA-deficient rats received an oral dose of 100
      mg of ethyl linoleate. The 24-h urine collections from each animal were analyzed
      for PGE2 by radioimmunoassay. Within 24 h the oleate dose resulted in a 1.3-fold
      increase in urinary PGE2 excretion. The 400-mg dose of ethyl linoleate induced a
      2- to 3-fold increase in urinary PGE2 excretion during 7 d. The 100-mg dose of
      ethyl linoleate resulted in a 1.3- to 1.5-fold increase for 2 d. Neither the
      ethyl oleate dose nor the low dose of ethyl linoleate had any effect on urine
      output, whereas the high dose of ethyl linoleate induced a slow increase during
      the following 6 d. The present results show that a single dose of 400 mg of ethyl
      linoleate increased urinary PGE2 excretion and urine output in EFA-deficient
      rats. However, these two parameters do not seem to be correlated. The amount of
      urinary PGE2 excreted in excess of baseline urinary PGE2 excretion accounted on a
      molar basis for less than 1 ppm of the administered dose of ethyl linoleate.

PMID- 3855313
TI  - Facial nerve injury during surgery of the temporomandibular joint: a comparison
      of two dissection techniques.
AB  - Changing the dissection technique for gaining access to the temporomandibular
      joint decreased the incidence of facial nerve injury from 25% to 1.7%. This
      decrease can be attributed to the elimination of both development of a skin flap
      and dissection of tissue overlying the lateral capsule. Normal anatomic variation
      in the distribution of facial nerve branches may relate to the incidence of
      clinically apparent injury.

PMID- 3855314
TI  - The frequency and distribution of skeletal and dental components in Class II
      orthognathic surgery patients.
AB  - In an effort to identify the skeletal and dental relationships of Class II
      malocclusion, lateral cephalograms of 253 adult orthognathic surgery patients (76
      male, 177 female) who had a Class II molar and cuspid relationship were traced.
      One hundred and four of the subjects had had presurgical orthodontic treatment
      and 148 had not. The most common combination of variables found in this study
      population was a retrusive maxilla, protrusive maxillary incisors, protrusive
      mandibular incisors, a retrusive mandible, and a long lower facial height.

PMID- 3855315
TI  - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in atypical facial neuralgia.
AB  - Atypical facial neuralgia is an ill-defined syndrome of obscure etiology
      characterized by chronic facial pain. The diagnosis is one of exclusion, made
      only after carefully ruling out a variety of conditions that may cause orofacial
      pain. The present study detected brainstem abnormalities on the side of the
      facial pain through examination of brainstem auditory evoked potentials in two
      out of 12 patients who were clinically diagnosed as having atypical facial
      neuralgia. The recording of brainstem auditory evoked potentials provides a
      simple, well-standardized, noninvasive test that may be of value in the
      investigation of patients who have chronic facial pain.

PMID- 3855316
TI  - Intraalveolar transplantation of teeth with crown-root fractures.
AB  - Intraalveolar transplantation using a simple extraction technique with extrusion
      of the root sufficiently to allow crown preparation was performed in 23 cases of
      crown-root fractures. A normal periodontal membrane was present after three
      months in all cases. Signs of superficial root resorption were observed in two
      cases, and small periapical radiolucencies were seen in another two, probably as
      a reaction to the presence of excess root-filling material. Minor remodeling of
      the marginal bone adjacent to the extruded roots was observed in eight cases.

PMID- 3855317
TI  - Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in a case of systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - Presented is an unusually severe case of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
      (ANUG) in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in which the
      patient was observed to slough a considerable amount of attached gingival tissues
      and eventually to lose a number of teeth and supporting bone. The usual limited
      and treatable nature of ANUG is reviewed, and attention is directed to the
      mechanisms by which SLE and therapeutic amounts of steroids can contribute to the
      increased severity of the oral disease.

PMID- 3855318
TI  - Median palatine cyst.
AB  - Median palatine cysts are rare, nonodontogenic lesion of the hard palate that do
      not involve the palatine papilla or incisive canal and that usually present as
      asymptomatic, fluctuant swellings. They may involve the floor the nasal cavity
      but are treated by simple enucleation, without recurrence. They are composed
      histologically of a fibrous collagenous tissue wall, with infiltration of chronic
      inflammatory cells, and lined by stratified squamous and/or respiratory
      epithelium. They are differentiated from the nasopalatine and other anterior
      maxillary cysts by the following diagnostic criteria: Appears grossly to be
      symmetrical along the midline of the hard palate. Located posterior to palatine
      papilla. Radiographically ovoid or circular in appearance. Not intimately
      associated with a nonvital tooth or found to have any communication with the
      incisive canal. Shows no histologic evidence of nerve trunks, large vascular
      spaces, hyaline cartilage, or accessory salivary gland tissue in the cyst wall.

PMID- 3855319
TI  - Acute airway obstruction following tooth extraction in hereditary angioedema.
AB  - Life threatening airway obstruction occurred following a single tooth extraction
      in a patient who had hereditary angioedema, despite preoperative administration
      of FFP and danazol. Emergency intubation was performed in the operating room, and
      assisted respiration was required during the acute attack. The clinician should
      be aware that an acute attack of HAE may occur even though recommended medical
      management regimens are followed and should be prepared for emergency airway
      control.

PMID- 3855321
TI  - Rigid stabilization system for maxillary osteotomies.

PMID- 3855320
TI  - Sialolith in a median anterior maxillary cyst.

PMID- 3855322
TI  - Aberrations in pulpal histology and dentinogenesis in transplanted erupting
      teeth.
AB  - Responses of pulpal tissues were assessed histologically in teeth that had been
      transplanted after root formation was moderately well advanced. Degeneration
      occurred in the coronal third, but the area was repopulated by cells
      proliferating from the center of the pulp. Apically, the tissues, including the
      odontoblasts, remained vital and functional. Widespread intrapulpal formation of
      osteodentin was prominent in later observation periods. Apical closure occurred
      prematurely by production of osteodentin and cellular cementum in the form of an
      apical diaphragm; these mineralized tissues were confluent with a similarly
      active deposition of cellular cementum apically on the root surface.

PMID- 3855323
TI  - Effect of trimetoquinol analogs for antagonism of endoperoxide/thromboxane A2
      mediated responses in human platelets and rat aorta.
AB  - The pharmacological properties of a limited series of tetrahydro-isoquinoline
      [trimetoquinol (TMQ)] analogs for inhibition of endoperoxide (U46619)-mediated
      responses in human platelets and rat aorta were examined. All analogs blocked
      U46619-induced aggregatory and secretory responses in platelets, and contraction
      of rat aorta in a concentration-dependent manner. R-(+)-TMQ was a competitive
      type inhibitor of U46619-induced contractions of rat aorta. The relative
      inhibitory potency for TMQ analogs against U46619-induced effects was TMQ greater
      than N-methyl TMQ greater than or equal to erythro-alpha-methyl TMQ greater than
      threo-alpha-methyl TMQ greater than or equal to alpha-dimethyl TMQ. R-(+)-TMQ and
      the azoprostanoid analog (U51605) were potent antagonists of U46619 action in rat
      aorta with pA2 values of 5.97 and 5.70, respectively. Other experiments indicated
      that U51605 was a partial agonist and R-(+)-TMQ was an inhibitor of U51605
      induced contractions of rat aorta (pKB = 5.94). R-(+)-TMQ also blocked
      prostaglandin E2-mediated responses in rat aorta (pA2 = 5.46) but was ineffective
      as an antagonist of prostaglandin F2 alpha and LTD4 responses in dog iris
      sphincter and guinea-pig trachea or lung parenchyma, respectively. The data
      indicate that 1) the TMQ analogs were antagonists of endoperoxide/thromboxane A2
      mediated responses in rat aorta and human platelets involving a similar mechanism
      of action and 2) stereochemical requirements of these TMQ analogs for activation
      of beta adrenoceptors and antagonism of endoperoxide/thromboxane A2-mediated
      responses are different. It is concluded that selectivity for these two
      pharmacological properties of TMQ can be achieved by appropriate stereochemical
      modification of the tetrahydroisoquinoline nucleus.

PMID- 3855324
TI  - An in vivo model for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
AB  - In recent years, the successful grafting of human tumors into immune deprived
      animals has spurred the hopes of developing a reliable in vivo model for
      evaluation of human cancer. The nude mouse has created new perspectives in many
      different areas of cancer research, and has proved to be the most useful
      recipient of any animal system for tumor heterotransplantation. This study
      determined which of several squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines would
      reproducibly grow as heterotransplants in nude mice, and allowed an opportunity
      to determine whether characteristics of the tumor changed as a result of
      propagation in tissue culture. Sixteen (76%) of the 21 SCC lines
      heterotransplanted in nude mice remained as viable tumor nodules. Nine (43%) of
      these lines reproducibly produced progressively enlarging tumor masses. Five
      (24%) SCC lines failed to grow as heterotransplants. The average lag phase
      between implantation and the beginning of growth for all SCC lines tested was
      approximately 7 weeks and emphasizes the need for prolonged observation of nude
      mice following SCC heterotransplantation. The rate and pattern of growth of SCC
      in nude mice appears to be related specifically to the tumorigenic factors of a
      given cell line. The concurrent presence of other SCC or non-SCC tumors in a
      given mouse do not appear to influence the growth of a specific cell line. In
      addition, specific host factors that might vary from one mouse to another did not
      alter the growth patterns of SCC. Histological examination of the SCC lines
      successfully heterotransplanted in nude mice showed similar histological
      appearances to the original tumor in the human host.

PMID- 3855325
TI  - Effect of gemfibrozil on biliary lipid metabolism in normolipemic subjects.
AB  - The mechanisms of the lipid-lowering agent gemfibrozil on biliary lipid
      metabolism were studied in eight normolipemic male volunteers. These measurements
      were performed before and after 3 months of administration. During administration
      of gemfibrozil, plasma cholesterol decreased by 19% (P less than 0.01) and
      triglycerides by 46% (P less than 0.01), and HDL cholesterol increased by 10% (P
      less than 0.01). The lithogenic index in gallbladder bile increased from 0.73 to
      1.37 (P less than 0.05) and in hepatic bile from 0.86 to 1.42 (P less than 0.01).
      The increase in lithogenicity of gallbladder bile and hepatic bile was due to an
      increased biliary output of cholesterol from 47 to 70 mg/h (P less than 0.01) and
      a decreased output of bile acids from 943 to 694 mg/hr (P less than 0.01),
      whereas phospholipid output was not altered. The reduction in bile acid output
      was a result of a significant decrease in chenodeoxycholic acid secretion (r =
      0.852; P less than 0.01). Cholic acid output was not affected by gemfibrozil.
      These results suggest that administration of gemfibrozil enhances the possible
      risk of gallstone formation like clofibrate.

PMID- 3855326
TI  - Acute median nerve compression by haemorrhage from acute myelomonocytic
      leukaemia.
AB  - A 61-year-old male receiving treatment for acute myelomonocytic leukaemia (AMML)
      developed weakness and sensory loss in the thumb, index and middle finger and
      half of the ring finger of the left hand as a result of a spontaneous haemorrhage
      into the carpal tunnel and forearm, an unusual cause of median nerve compression.
      These findings were confirmed by CT scanning and post-mortem examination. This is
      the first report of spontaneous haemorrhage occurring in a patient with AMML.

PMID- 3855327
TI  - Pimozide for Tourette's disorder.

PMID- 3855328
TI  - Familial IgA nephropathy. Evidence of an inherited mechanism of disease.
AB  - The evaluation of familial glomerulonephritis in patients with IgA nephropathy
      who were from central and eastern Kentucky resulted in the discovery of
      potentially related pedigrees containing 14 patients. An additional 17 members of
      the pedigrees had clinical glomerulonephritis, and 6 had "chronic nephritis"
      noted on their death certificates. Six patients with IgA nephropathy had a common
      ancestor. In addition, both parents of six patients with the disease came from
      families with other cases of IgA nephropathy. No single HLA haplotype or antigen
      was found in all the patients with IgA nephropathy. Our data on these pedigrees
      strongly support an inherited mechanism in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy in
      some patients.

PMID- 3855329
TI  - Case 36-1984: subacute necrotizing leukoencephalopathy after treatment for acute
      lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3855330
TI  - Homogeneous clinical subgroups in children with Tourette syndrome.
AB  - The existence of two clinically homogeneous subgroups in Tourette syndrome,
      depending upon the presence or absence of migraine or a family history of
      migraine, is suggested. Patients with Tourette syndrome who have migraine (n =
      18) were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of disorders of arousal-
      particularly sleepwalking and night terrors--as well as a higher prevalence of
      motion sickness than patients without migraine (n = 27). They were also
      significantly more likely to exhibit a co-occurrence of associated features (two
      or more) than the patients without migraine. Patients with Tourette syndrome who
      have not had migraine headaches but in whom there is a family history for
      migraine (n = 20) were shown to have an intermediate prevalence of associated
      symptoms. It is suggested that the differential association for these symptoms in
      patients with Tourette syndrome may reflect an underlying abnormality in function
      of two different neurotransmitter systems.

PMID- 3855331
TI  - Hemorrhage into a hepatic adenoma and type Ia glycogen storage disease: a case
      report and review of the literature.
AB  - Older patients with type I glycogen storage disease (GSD) develop hepatic
      adenomas that may undergo malignant transformation. Despite their similarity to
      oral contraceptive-related hepatic tumors, only one previous report has even
      mentioned hemorrhage in GSD-related hepatic tumors. We recently followed a 20
      year-old patient with type Ia GSD and a 10 cm focal defect in the left lobe of
      the liver; angiography suggested that this was a benign adenoma. At 22 years of
      age, after an acute symptomatic episode, repeat studies (ultrasonography and
      angiography) revealed a 2 cm increase in diameter of the hepatic mass. Imminent
      tumor rupture was of grave concern; thus the patient was admitted to the hospital
      and given 2 weeks of constant glucose administration by central venous line in
      the hope of improving her metabolic abnormalities. After resolution of the
      coagulopathy and metabolic disorders, the patient safely underwent surgical
      enucleation of the tumor. Pathologic examination of the tumor revealed that the
      patient had indeed hemorrhaged into a typical hepatic adenoma that had focuses of
      hepatocellular dysplasia. She has done well without evidence of tumor recurrence
      for 3 years since the operation. We conclude that hemorrhage and malignant
      transformation are potential complications of GSD-related hepatic adenomas. This
      conclusion underscores the importance of following these patients closely as they
      age. Nocturnal nasogastric feeding should be considered in the hope of preventing
      a tumor or inducing regression. Acute symptomatic attacks should be evaluated
      promptly for possible tumor hemorrhage.

PMID- 3855332
TI  - Bowman lecture. The conquest of cataract: a global challenge.

PMID- 3855333
TI  - Glaucoma assessment by microcomputer.
AB  - An automated system for comprehensively monitoring glaucoma patients is
      described. This economic and practical microcomputer data system has been
      designed to be thoroughly 'clinician oriented' through the collaborative efforts
      of ophthalmological and computer specialists. It incorporates novel and efficient
      methods for transferring both automated and manually recorded perimetry data into
      analysable digital form. The system is inexpensive, simple to use, maintains safe
      records, allows thorough analysis of patient data, and can considerably reduce
      the administrative load on ophthalmological clinics.

PMID- 3855334
TI  - Use of computers in ophthalmology. Leicester Computer Ophthalmology Index.

PMID- 3855335
TI  - Senile ptosis--introduction and anterior approach.
AB  - Aponeurotic defects are consistently found in senile ptosis and the ptosis
      following cataract surgery. Correction by an anterior approach to the levator
      aponeurosis is satisfactory and has the advantages that excess skin can be
      excised at the same time and the posterior lid lamella is left intact. Results in
      25 patients (36 lids) are reviewed.

PMID- 3855336
TI  - Combined dye and argon laser treatment for narrow angle glaucoma.

PMID- 3855337
TI  - Argon laser trabeculoplasty or trabeculectomy a prospective randomised block
      study.
AB  - A prospective randomised block study of treatment by either argon laser
      trabeculoplasty or trabeculectomy was undertaken in patients with chronic open
      angle glaucoma not controlled by medication. The study was undertaken in two
      centres in the United Kingdom where the regimes of medical treatment prior to
      interference were different. Regression analysis showed that in both populations
      laser trabeculoplasty was effective in reducing the intraocular pressure but it
      was less effective than trabeculectomy in permanently reducing the intraocular
      pressure to within normal limits. Laser trabeculoplasty was most effective in
      those patients whose intraocular pressure was initially high but many of these
      required post-operative medication or surgery. Laser trabeculoplasty is a useful
      adjunct to the therapy of open angle glaucoma but it is not a substitute for
      trabeculectomy as a method of permanently reducing the intraocular pressure to
      normal. Because of the effectiveness of both these methods of treatment we feel
      it no longer justified to use anything other than simple local medication to
      control the intraocular pressure before proceeding to active therapy.

PMID- 3855338
TI  - Primary therapy for chronic simple glaucoma the role of argon laser
      trabeculoplasty.
AB  - This report compares the preliminary findings in three groups of patients
      suffering from chronic simple glaucoma who were treated with either laser,
      medicine or surgery, as the primary therapeutic procedure, and followed for a
      minimum period of six months. It is suggested that there is a place for primary
      treatment by surgical trabeculectomy in those patients who present with advanced
      chronic simple glaucoma, while argon laser trabeculoplasty would appear to have a
      very definite role in the primary treatment of all other patients with this
      disease.

PMID- 3855339
TI  - Laser peripheral iridectomy comparing Q-switched neodymium YAG with argon.
AB  - Twenty-five patients who required bilateral peripheral iridectomies had the right
      eye treated by the Nd YAG laser and the left eye by the pulsed argon laser. The
      photodisruption of iris tissued produced by the Nd YAG produces a quicker more
      efficient iridectomy than the thermal effect of the argon laser with less
      tendency to healing and inflammation. We conclude that Neodymium YAG laser
      iridectomy is a safe effective alternative to argon laser iridectomy with no
      increase in complications during the follow up period and is preferred by the
      patients.

PMID- 3855340
TI  - White spots on the optic disc.

PMID- 3855341
TI  - Laser trabeculoplasty and cataract surgery.
AB  - We have compared long-term intraocular pressure control in patients with open
      angle glaucoma, cupping and atrophy of the optic nerve head and visual field loss
      as well as cataract after: trabeculectomy posterior to the scleral spur and
      cataract extraction without implantation in 108 patients. guarded posterior lip
      sclerectomy, cataract extraction and Mark VIII or Mark IX anterior chamber
      implantation in 28 patients. argon laser trabeculoplasty followed by lens
      extraction and implantation in 27 patients. Approximately 75 per cent of patients
      achieve intraocular pressures of 18 mm Hg or less without medication after (a),
      and approximately 40 per cent of patients achieve similar control without
      medication after (b). Approximately 25 per cent of these glaucoma patients have
      intraocular pressure levels of less than or equal to 18 mm Hg on topical
      medication three months after ALT, and none achieve this control without
      medication. Cataract surgery with anterior or posterior chamber implantation
      caused loss of topical control in four of the seven patients benefiting from ALT.
      These data imply that combined surgery with or without implantation produces
      better and more significant intraocular pressure control than the presently
      utilized techniques of ALT subsequently followed by lens extraction and
      implantation.

PMID- 3855342
TI  - Computerised perimetry.
AB  - During the last few years computerised perimetry has become a clinical reality.
      This new technique eliminates the operator's error, ensures reproducibility of
      test procedures and parameters and makes visual field testing of large numbers of
      patients possible. Great differences exist between computerised perimeters.
      Differences in hardware for example, the way in which stimuli or field charts are
      produced may be striking but even more important are differences in software,
      especially test algorithms. The results obtained with some instruments and test
      programmes are of such high quality that the same level of performance may be
      almost impossible to obtain with manual perimetry, at least in a clinical
      setting. Nevertheless, improvements can be expected in the future particularly in
      adaptive tests and in computerised interpretation of the fields.

PMID- 3855343
TI  - The use of computers in ophthalmology: an exercise in futurology.
AB  - Ophthalmological practice will be considerably modified by the use of computers
      for eliciting medical histories and physical signs, the introduction of 'smart'
      measuring devices, expert systems for teaching and patient management, and
      finally, the introduction of machines which can comprehend language: some of the
      techniques for developing such programs are described.

PMID- 3855344
TI  - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of Burkitt's type (L-3 ALL) lacking surface
      immunoglobulin and the 8;14 translocation.
AB  - A 25-year-old man developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia, morphologically of
      Burkitt's type (L3-ALL, F.A.B. classification) but with immunologic and
      cytogenetic features not previously reported. The leukemic blasts were B1+,
      CALLA+, OKT3-, and OKT11-. Surface immunoglobulin and cytoplasmic IgM were not
      detected, but cytoplasmic IgG lambda was present. Karyotypic analysis of 20
      metaphases was normal at presentation but abnormal after relapse. At that time,
      the predominant karyotype was 47XY, 1q-, 7q-, 12p-, M1. This case illustrates the
      following: (1) Burkitt cell morphology may accompany some uncommon pre-B-cell
      lymphoblastic leukemias, and (2) rearrangements involving chromosomes 14, 2 or 22
      may not be found in all cases of L-3 ALL.

PMID- 3855345
TI  - The relative merit of various cytochemical quantities and manual differential
      count in predicting remission following chemotherapy of patients with de novo
      acute myeloblastic leukemia.
AB  - Eighteen patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia were monitored using an
      automated differential analyzer (Hemalog D). Twelve patients achieved complete
      remission. The fraction of large unstained cells (LUC), lymphocytes (LYMPH), the
      ratio LUC/LYMPH, WBC, and LUC X WBC as measured on day 12 following start of
      induction chemotherapy differed significantly between patients who did not
      respond and patients who did achieve remission. The quantity LUC/LYMPH was by far
      the best discriminator. In patients who achieved remission, the median value was
      0.047 and the range was 0.017-0.088. In patients who did not, the corresponding
      values were 0.163 and 0.12-0.32. Hemalog D examination of peripheral blood on day
      12 after initiation of treatment thus seems to give an early prediction of
      remission as defined by morphologic examination of bone marrow.

PMID- 3855346
TI  - The Herbst appliance--its biologic effects and clinical use.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to survey the Herbst bite-jumping method. An
      outline of appliance design and appliance construction is given. The effects of
      the treatment method on the dentofacial complex and on the masticatory system
      have been analyzed with the aid of dental casts, cephalometric roentgenograms,
      and electromyographic registrations from the masticatory muscles. The use and
      effectiveness of the Herbst appliance in the treatment of Class II malocclusions
      are exemplified by clinical cases, some of which were followed for 5 years after
      treatment. The Herbst appliance is most effective in the treatment of Class II
      malocclusions, provided it is used as indicated. Thus, the appliance must be
      limited to growing persons only. The treatment method should not be looked upon
      as a last resort to be used only when other treatment approaches have failed.
      Treatment prognosis is best in subjects with a brachyfacial growth pattern.
      Unfavorable growth, unstable occlusal conditions, and persisting oral habits
      after treatment are potential risk factors for occlusal relapses. As treatment
      with the Herbst appliance is performed during a relatively short period, the hard
      and soft tissues (teeth, bone, and musculature) would need some time for
      adaptation to the new mandibular position after the appliance is removed.
      Posttreatment retention as a routine with a removable functional appliance is
      therefore recommended.

PMID- 3855347
TI  - The influence of dentofacial appearance on the social attractiveness of young
      adults.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to determine whether the social attractiveness of a
      young adult would be influenced by his or her dentofacial appearance. Black and
      white photographs of an attractive male, an unattractive male, an attractive
      female, and an unattractive female were obtained and modified so that, for each
      face, five different photographic versions were available. In each version, the
      face was standardized except that a different dentofacial arrangement was
      demonstrated. These were normal incisors, prominent incisors, absence of upper
      left lateral incisor, severely crowded incisors, and unilateral cleft lip. Eight
      hundred young adults were shown one of the twenty photographs and asked to
      estimate the represented individual's social characteristics along a number of
      bipolar scales. Each photograph was viewed by a different group of forty young
      adults, equally divided as to sex. Their impressions of the depicted individuals'
      social attractiveness were recorded on visual analogue scales. The experimental
      procedure was such that the effect and interaction of different levels of facial
      attractiveness, different dentofacial arrangements, sex of the photographed
      individual, and sex of the judge could be analyzed. Faces displaying a normal
      incisor relationship gained the most favorable ratings for eight of the ten
      characteristics examined, and in four of these differences across the range of
      dental conditions were statistically significant. These were perceived
      friendliness, social class, popularity, and intelligence. The prominent incisor
      condition was rated highest for compliance and honesty, while the condition
      representing a unilateral cleft consistently attracted low ratings. Background
      facial attractiveness of either the male or female stimuli was often more
      assertive than the individual dental condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3855348
TI  - Stability and relapse of mandibular anterior alignment: a cephalometric appraisal
      of first-premolar-extraction cases treated by traditional edgewise orthodontics.
AB  - Assessment at least 10 years postretention of fifty-four cases previously treated
      in the permanent-dentition stage with first-premolar extractions, traditional
      edgewise mechanotherapy, and retention revealed considerable variation among
      patients. The long-term response to mandibular anterior alignment was
      unpredictable; no cephalometric parameters, such as maxillary and mandibular
      incisor proclination, horizontal and vertical growth amounts, mandibular plane
      angle, etc., were useful in establishing a prognosis. Few associations of value
      were found between cephalometric parameters and dental-cast measurements, such as
      overbite, arch length, intercanine width, and overjet. Only a slight tendency was
      found for incisor inclination to return toward the pretreatment value during the
      postretention period. It was possible to predict, on the basis of an analysis of
      pre- and posttreatment cephalometric records, those cases which had greater than
      4 mm deepening of overbite postretention as well as those cases which had
      decreases of 3 mm or more in arch-length postretention. The practical use of
      these predictions were of limited clinical value, however.

PMID- 3855349
TI  - The effect of extraction of infraoccluded deciduous molars: A longitudinal study.
AB  - Infraocclusion of deciduous molars is often associated with ankylosis. Such teeth
      are believed to be potential sites of malocclusion, with a risk of tipping of
      neighboring teeth and loss of space. Extraction has therefore been the most
      widely recommended treatment. The aim of this study was to follow longitudinally
      the effect of extraction versus nonextraction treatment in twenty-three
      homologous pairs of mandibular deciduous molars with infraocclusion when
      unilateral extraction was performed. The study comprised fifteen children with a
      mean age at the start of 10.1 years. Recordings were made at the start of the
      study and every 6 months thereafter until eruption of permanent successors.
      Periodic identical periapical radiographs and study models were taken every 6
      months. Ten of the twenty-three mandibular deciduous molars on the nonextraction
      side showed progression of the degree of infraocclusion. All infraoccluded
      deciduous molars exfoliated within the normal time. There was a normal alveolar
      bone height on both sides after eruption of the successors. Extraction resulted
      in a gradually increasing space loss in fourteen of the fifteen children. In two
      cases a definite space deficiency at the time of eruption of the successors was
      registered. It has been possible to confirm very few of the previously reported
      negative effects following nontreatment of infraoccluded deciduous molars on
      exfoliation, eruption, and occlusal development in this study. The results favor
      a more conservative approach to extraction therapy of infraoccluded deciduous
      molars.

PMID- 3855350
TI  - Orthodontic extrusion of single-rooted teeth affected with advanced periodontal
      disease.
AB  - Orthodontic extrusion of teeth with advanced periodontal disease was evaluated in
      beagle dogs. Surgical destruction of one third to one half of the attachment
      apparatus and the inducement of chronic periodontal disease was accomplished on
      the hemisected mesial roots of the mandibular premolars. The roots on one side of
      the mandible were extruded toward a cemented stainless steel bridge by means of
      elastics providing 20 to 25 gm of force. The force was examined daily. When
      extruded teeth came into contact with the bridge, they were ligated in place for
      21 days of stabilization. Clinical results showed that control teeth maintained
      their position and signs of advanced periodontitis. Extruded teeth had shallower
      pocket depths, less gingival inflammation, and no bleeding on probing.
      Radiographic evaluation showed no demonstrable changes in the control teeth.
      Early in the extrusion process, the teeth appeared to be avulsed, with more than
      three fourths of the root coronal to the alveolar crest. After stabilization,
      approximately 2 mm of new bone was seen coronal to the original alveolar crest,
      and the periapical areas had filled in as well. This bone formation was verified
      histologically. The extruded teeth had an intact attachment apparatus with all
      components in the same relative position on the teeth as in the controls.
      However, a shallower sulcus and less gingival inflammation were noted in the
      extruded teeth. There were statistically significant findings of a wider
      periodontal ligament space, greater cementum width, and increased bone height in
      the crestal areas of extruded teeth. Extruded teeth also had less cementum width
      and greater new bone formation at the apex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3855351
TI  - Comments on condylar growth of the mandible and orthodontic treatment.

PMID- 3855352
TI  - Prostaglandin F2 alpha improves oxygen tension and reduces venous admixture
      during one-lung ventilation in anesthetized paralyzed dogs.
AB  - The authors investigated the effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha infused into the
      pulmonary artery of an acutely atelectatic lung in dogs. Seven dogs were
      anesthetized with piritramid and pentobarbital and intubated with a Kottmeier
      canine endobronchial tube. Cardiac output, pulmonary arterial, capillary wedge,
      and systemic arterial pressure were measured via indwelling catheters.
      Ventilating both lungs with 66% O2, PaO2 was 327 +/- 15 mmHg (mean +/- SD) and
      venous admixture (Qsp/Qt) was 11 +/- 3%. One-lung atelectasis reduced PaO2 to 91
      +/- 12 mmHg and increased Qsp/Qt to 40 +/- 4%. Prostaglandin F2 alpha in doses of
      0.4, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 was infused into the pulmonary
      artery of the atelectatic lung through a second pulmonary artery catheter. Up to
      a dose of 1.2 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 there was a dose-dependent reduction in
      Qsp/Qt to a minimum of 25 +/- 4% and an increase in PaO2 to 168 +/- 25 mmHg,
      which could be explained by enhanced pulmonary vasoconstriction in the
      atelectatic lung with increased blood flow diversion toward the ventilated lung.
      Infusion of 1.8 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 decreased PaO2 to 156 +/- 32 mmHg and
      increased Qsp/Qt to 32 +/- 9%. Increased systemic effects of prostaglandin F2
      alpha were observed and presumably were related to saturation of prostaglandin
      dehydrogenase leading to vasoconstriction in both lungs and thus reduced blood
      flow diversion toward the ventilated lung.

PMID- 3855353
TI  - Long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A's activate both the ligand-binding and protein
      kinase activities of phorboid and ingenoid receptor.
AB  - Modulation of the ligand-binding activity and protein kinase activity of
      homogeneous phorboid and ingenoid receptor from the brain by various fatty acyl
      CoAs, fatty acid esters, fatty acids, and detergents was studied. Long-chain
      fatty acyl-CoAs (C10-C20), like certain acidic phospholipids, activated the
      ligand-receptor interaction. The extent of activation increased with the
      increasing chain length of fatty acyl-CoA. Short-chain fatty acyl-CoAs (C0-C6),
      fatty acids, and fatty acid esters were essentially inactive. Sodium dodecyl
      sulfate (SDS) also activated the ligand binding, but other detergents (Triton X
      100, deoxycholic acid, Nonidet-40, and Tween-80) were ineffective. The
      combination of phosphatidylserine and stearoyl-CoA was as effective as each agent
      alone in the activation of ligand-receptor interaction, suggesting similar
      mechanisms of action. The basal protein kinase activity of phorboid receptor was
      stimulated by long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs (C10-C20) and SDS in a dose-dependent
      manner. Km values for ATP and protein substrate were the same in the absence and
      presence of stearoyl-CoA; however, Vmax was increased in the presence of the
      active agents. The degree of stimulation of protein kinase activity by stearoyl
      CoA was independent of receptor protein concentration. Stearoyl-CoA did not
      significantly influence the activity of the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP
      dependent protein kinase. The combined hydrophobic and acidic nature of the
      active agents appears to be important in activating both the ligand-binding and
      protein kinase activities of phorboid receptor.

PMID- 3855354
TI  - Inhibition of protein kinase activity of phorboid and ingenoid receptor by
      di(adenosine-5')oligophosphate.
AB  - Di(adenosine-5')oligophosphate nucleotides of general structure ApnA (n = 3-6)
      inhibited the protein kinase activity of homogeneous phorboid receptor. These
      nucleotides did not affect the phorboid binding activity. Ap4A competed for an
      ATP binding site on the phorboid receptor. Km for ATP was increased from 0.5 to 2
      microM in the presence of 0.2 mM of Ap4A. KI was calculated to be approximately
      0.1 mM. Ap4A-elicited inhibition of phorboid receptor kinase activity was
      independent of receptor concentration as well as of phosphoacceptor substrate
      concentration.

PMID- 3855355
TI  - [Combination therapy with HU IFN-beta and ACNU against malignant brain tumors,
      Part 1. Experimental study in vitro].
AB  - Augmentation of cytotoxicity against malignant glioma using a combination of Hu
      IFN-beta and ACNU was analyzed in vitro from the points of cell growth inhibition
      and alteration of the DNA histogram. Cytotoxicity was tested by exposing 13 human
      glioma cell lines to ACNU at a concentration of 5 micrograms/ml and/or Hu IFN
      beta at a concentration of 10(3) IU/microliters. These concentrations were
      considered to be clinical doses. Additive or synergistic effects of the
      combination of the two agents were observed in all cell lines tested. The
      cytotoxic effect of two log kill was seen in two cell lines given ACNU treatment
      alone, one cell line treated with Hu IFN-beta alone, and nine treated with the
      combination. Flow-cytometry studies of the DNA histogram showed accumulation in
      the G2+M phase with ACNU and in the S phase with Hu IFN-beta. On the other hand,
      marked accumulation using the combination in the S phase followed by the G2+M
      phase was observed and this accumulation lasted for over a week. The present
      results show an augmentation of antitumor activity and suggest the effectiveness
      of combined Hu IFN-beta/ACNU therapy in the treatment of patients with malignant
      glioma.

PMID- 3855356
TI  - Distinctive acral erythema occurring during therapy for severe myelogenous
      leukemia.
AB  - A distinctive acral erythema developed in four patients with myelogenous
      leukemia, subsequent to blood transfusions and intensive chemotherapy with
      cytarabine. The clinical and histopathologic features of the eruption were
      suggestive of a drug-induced toxic eruption. To our knowledge, only one previous
      similar case has been reported in the literature. For patients in whom this self
      limited condition develops, reassurance should serve as the mainstay of therapy.

PMID- 3855357
TI  - Familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis. 50-year follow-up of a large family.
AB  - A large family with hypokalemic periodic paralysis was reexamined after 50 years.
      Two new cases were found in the third generation and 12 in the fourth generation.
      This family now includes 28 affected patients in four generations. The
      reexamination ascertained the presence of permanent muscle weakness (PMW) in all
      investigated affected sibs. This fact, and the fact that indications of the
      presence of PMW without paralytic attacks were found in only one subject, is
      strong evidence that both are manifestations of the same more or less fully
      penetrant dominant gene. A linkage study in this family could not localize the
      gene on the human genome, but close linkage with 25 genetic marker systems could
      be excluded.

PMID- 3855358
TI  - Sulfation of peptides and simple phenols by rat brain phenolsulfotransferase.
      Inhibition by dichloronitrophenol.
AB  - Brain phenolsulfotransferase (PST) is involved in the sulfation of simple phenols
      like dopamine and of precursors of biologically active peptides like
      cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8). Therefore, inhibition of brain PST would
      provide a new approach to studying the sulfation of CCK-8 and other sulfated
      compounds. Since 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol (DCNP) produces a prolonged and
      selective inhibition of the sulfoconjugation of exogenous phenols by the liver,
      we decided to examine the applicability of DCNP to studies of sulfation of CCK-8
      and other compounds by brain. DCNP was capable of completely inhibiting PST
      activity in rat brain homogenates incubated with p-nitrophenol, phenol or
      dopamine as substrates. The IC50 values for p-nitrophenol and dopamine were 12
      and 14 microM respectively. The concentrations of DCNP in brain cortex and plasma
      were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) after a dose of 100
      mumoles/kg, i.p. Peak concentrations of 380 microM in plasma and 25 mumoles/kg in
      brain were achieved 30 min after injection. Subsequently, DCNP concentrations
      decreased with half-lives of 8 and 6 hr in plasma and brain cortex, respectively.
      To establish if DCNP can inhibit CCK sulfation in vivo, rats were injected with
      100 micromoles/kg, i.p., of the drug 30 min before injection of 35SO4(2-) into
      the cerebral cortex and were killed 4.5 hr later. DCNP caused a 55% inhibition of
      [35S]CCK-8-SO4 formation as measured by HPLC. No change in the content of
      endogenous CCK-8-SO4 was detectable, however, in the brain cortex of rats treated
      with DCNP for up to 4 days, indicating that the PST which remained active was
      capable of maintaining CCK-8 content at steady state.

PMID- 3855359
TI  - Secretion of transforming growth factors by primary human tumour cells.
AB  - We examined the ability of primary human tumour cells to secrete diffusible
      factors capable of stimulating anchorage independent growth of normal rat kidney
      fibroblast (NRK) cells. Conditioned media (CM) prepared from cells derived from
      31/43 patients with adenocarcinoma of the breast, colon, ovary or lung were found
      to induce growth of NRK cells in soft agar. The ability of the CM to induce
      anchorage independent growth was enhanced in 25/35 cases by the presence of
      epidermal growth factor (EGF). The CM did not compete with EGF for binding to the
      EGF receptor site. CM from cells derived from nonmalignant effusions also
      supported the growth of NRK cells in soft agar. There was no significant
      difference in the ability of the CM derived from malignant or normal cells to
      support NRK colony growth. The ability of primary human tumour cells to clone in
      soft agar was compared to the ability of these cells to produce diffusible colony
      stimulating factors for NRK cells. No correlation was observed between the
      ability of the primary human tumour cells to clone in soft agar and their ability
      to induce anchorage independent growth of NRK cells. The secretion of substances
      with TGF like activity may be a property of many types of primary human cells.

PMID- 3855360
TI  - Prostaglandin E2 transport in rabbit renal basolateral membrane vesicles.
AB  - We examined the mechanism of prostaglandin E2 transport in rabbit renal
      basolateral membrane vesicles which were predominantly oriented right-side-out.
      In the presence of an inwardly directed H+ gradient, the initial rate of uptake
      was markedly accelerated and the influx of prostaglandin E2 resulted in a
      transient accumulation (overshoot) above the equilibrium value. Both H+
      independent and H+-stimulated prostaglandin E2 uptake were shown to be
      insensitive to valinomycin-induced K+ diffusion potentials. Intravesicular
      probenecid inhibited the pH gradient-stimulated uptake of prostaglandin E2 but
      did not affect the pH-stimulated uptake of thiocyanate and acetate which enter
      membranes via ionic and nonionic diffusion, respectively. Finally, the existence
      of a Na+ cotransport or of a K+ antiport pathway for prostaglandin E2 could not
      be demonstrated. Thus, these data demonstrate the presence of an electrically
      neutral H+-prostaglandin E2 cotransport or OH- -prostaglandin E2 antiport
      mechanism in the basolateral membrane of the rabbit proximal tubule.

PMID- 3855361
TI  - Inhibition of Friend cell erythrodifferentiation by modification of membrane
      phospholipid composition by choline analogues.
AB  - Dimethylsulfoxide-stimulated Friend leukemia cell erythrodifferentiation was
      inhibited by choline analogues such as N-monomethylethanolamine and N,N
      dimethylethanolamine. Phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine and phosphatidyl-N,N
      dimethylethanolamine were then accumulated in the cell membranes. N
      Monomethylethanolamine also inhibited Friend leukemia cell erythrodifferentiation
      stimulated by hexamethylene bisacetamide and N-methylacetamide, but did not
      inhibit differentiation induced by sodium butyrate. This inhibitory effect of N
      monomethylethanolamine was partially abrogated by spermine.

PMID- 3855362
TI  - Expression of Ia antigens on myeloid progenitor cells in chronic myeloid
      leukemia: direct analysis using partially purified colony-forming cells.
AB  - The regulation of Ia (HLA-DR) antigen expression on myeloid progenitor cells may
      be closely related to the control of myelopoiesis in both normal individuals and
      chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. In an effort to study directly the
      expression and behavior of Ia surface molecules on myeloid progenitor cells, we
      used an immunologic purification technique to enrich these cells approximately
      100-fold from the peripheral blood of CML patients. The majority of cells in this
      blast population expressed HLA-DR antigens. Thirty percent to 40% of cells could
      form a granulocyte or monocyte colony in agar, and these cells tended to express
      the highest levels of HLA-DR. The number of HLA-DR molecules per cell increased
      about twofold as the cells tranversed the cell cycle from G0/G1 to G2/M. This was
      true for unstimulated cells or cells exposed to colony-stimulating factors. Some
      of this increase was related to a corresponding increase in cell size and is also
      seen with other cell surface antigens such as beta-2-microglobulin. Ia antigen
      expression was not modified by culture with colony-stimulating factors, fetal
      calf serum, or serum-free, prostaglandin-free medium for periods of up to 24
      hours. These results demonstrate that Ia antigens are expressed on the myeloid
      progenitor cells of CML, are increased in the S and G2/M phases of the cell
      cycle, and are stable under most in vitro culture conditions for at least 24
      hours of culture.

PMID- 3855363
TI  - Large granular lymphocytes have a promoting activity on human peripheral blood
      erythroid burst-forming units.
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were fractionated according to the expression
      of a variety of surface markers, and the fractions obtained were tested for
      erythroid burst-forming unit (BFU-E) colony formation. BFU-Es were detected in
      the HLA-DR+ non-T cell fraction, but gave rise to optimum colony numbers only in
      the presence of a nonadherent, relatively radioresistant cell. This accessory
      cell was found among the HLA-DR- non-T, non-B cells, a fraction that was
      particularly enriched in large granular lymphocytes (LGLs). Experiments carried
      out to assess directly the surface markers of the accessory cell revealed an
      FcR+, OKM1+, Leu 7+, Leu 11+, OKT4-, OKT8- surface phenotype, which is consistent
      with that of the majority of LGLs. Peripheral blood LGLs, purified by Percoll
      density gradient, proved very efficient in promoting optimal BFU-E colony
      formation. All of these results indicate that LGLs have a potent erythroid burst
      promoting activity. Such activity is probably mediated through the release of
      soluble factors, as shown by the observation that LGL culture supernatants were
      as effective as LGLs in sustaining colony formation.

PMID- 3855364
TI  - Acute myelomonocytic leukaemia with abnormal eosinophils and inversion of
      chromosome 16.
AB  - We report a further case of a recently recognized variety of acute myelomonocytic
      leukaemia (M4 subtype) with bone marrow eosinophilia and inversion of chromosome
      16. The eosinophils showed a distinctly abnormal morphology, cytochemical
      staining and ultrastructure.

PMID- 3855365
TI  - Thromboembolic complications associated with L-asparaginase therapy. Etiologic
      role of low antithrombin III and plasminogen levels and therapeutic correction by
      fresh frozen plasma.
AB  - A case of an 18-year-old woman with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed L
      asparaginase-associated stroke and subclavian vein thrombosis is presented. The
      latter was also associated with a Hickman central venous catheter. Thrombotic
      complications occurred when plasma levels of plasminogen and antithrombin III
      were still markedly reduced as a result of L-asparaginase therapy, although the
      fibrinogen had recovered from its lower levels. The stroke was treated with fresh
      frozen plasma and the subclavian vein thrombosis was treated with streptokinase
      and fresh frozen plasma. L-asparaginase and Hickman-associated coagulopathy is
      reviewed and the treatment is discussed.

PMID- 3855366
TI  - Chromosome changes and splenectomy in Ph-positive CML. III. Predictive parameters
      in the chronic phase.
AB  - The findings presented indicate that splenectomy during the blastic phase (BP) of
      Philadelphia (Ph) positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) prolonged survival
      after the onset of the BP in a group of patients who had, in addition to the Ph,
      only chromosomally abnormal cells in the marrow (AA patients). To evaluate the
      predictive parameter for splenectomy in the chronic phase (CP) of CML, the
      cytogenetic data obtained during the CP of the AA group were compared
      retrospectively with those of cytogenetically defined groups. Only AA patients
      showed the presence of abnormal clone(s) containing abnormalities such as trisomy
      8, i(17q), and a missing Y chromosome several years before the onset of BP. This
      may indicate that the presence of these chromosome abnormalities during the CP
      could be utilized as a predictive parameter for splenectomy in the CP of CML.

PMID- 3855367
TI  - Cytogenetic study of patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum: particular
      C-band variants as possible markers for cancer proneness.
AB  - A possible involvement of chromosomal heterochromatic polymorphisms in propensity
      to cancer has been considered and discussed by several investigators who studied
      groups of patients presenting with different forms of malignancy. We report a
      cytogenetic study on the circulating lymphocytes of patients suffering from
      colorectal carcinoma, most of whom were of European origin. Significantly
      increased incidence of polymorphisms of chromosomes #1 and #9 was found,
      especially partial inversions (PI). Emphasis is given to the problem of selecting
      adequate controls, which must be as homogeneous as possible.

PMID- 3855368
TI  - Cytogenetic and ultrastructural studies on ten patients with acute promyelocytic
      leukemia, including one case with a complex translocation.
AB  - Chromosomal banding analyses and ultrastructural studies were performed on ten
      cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL-M3). A reciprocal translocation, t(15q
      + ;17q-), was found in six of them, and the possible breakpoints of these
      chromosomes were assigned at bands 15q22 and 17q12. In addition, trisomy 8,
      trisomy 8 and 21, and an isochromosome of the long arm of the translocated #17,
      i(17q-), were observed in addition to the 15;17 translocation in three cases,
      respectively. Furthermore, one patient was found to have a complex translocation
      in the marrow cells, i.e., 47,XX,+X,t(1p+;5q-;15q+;17q-). Ultrastructural studies
      demonstrated that the leukemic cells obtained from six of the seven patients with
      the chromosomal changes involving 17q12 and from two of the three with normal
      karyotypes contained stellate rough surface endoplasmic reticulum (stellate rER)
      complexes and/or inclusion bodies in part of the dilated rER.

PMID- 3855369
TI  - Proliferative characteristics and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) of colony
      forming cells (CFU-S) in acute myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and cell cycle progression of colony-forming
      cells (CFU-S) from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia were studied using
      bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and sister chromatid differential
      staining. The mean SCE rate of CFU-S was 7.99, which is similar to that reported
      for human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Cultures treated with BrdU at culture
      initiation and then harvested 72-120 hr later indicated a cell cycle time (TC) of
      approximately 60 hr. However, cells allowed to proliferate for 72-120 hr prior to
      the addition of BrdU showed TC values of 12-36 hr. Analysis of serial cultures
      from one patient revealed a heterogeneous population with a mean TC of 19.5 hr.
      These cell cycle times are considerably shorter than previously published reports
      and suggest that leukemic cells have the potential to divide rapidly.

PMID- 3855371
TI  - Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML):
      frequency of additional findings.
AB  - This article documents the cytogenetic findings in 79 patients with typical Ph
      positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). Direct preparations of bone marrow
      and/or peripheral blood of 46 males and 33 females were studied with different
      banding techniques. Seventy patients were studied during chronic phase. Three
      (4.3%) had unusual or complex translocations: t(6;22)(p21;q11),
      t(8;12;9;22)(p21;q21;q34;q11), and t(9;11;22)(q34;q13;q11). One (1.4%) had a +Ph,
      1 (1.4%) had a +8, 1 (1.4%) had a del(3)(p13,p23), and 4 of 30 males (13.3%)
      showed loss of Y chromosome. Five of 8 cases studied during blast crisis had
      additional abnormalities. The +8 occurred in 4 cases, +10 and +19 each in 3
      cases, +6, + 9q+, and +13 each in 2 cases, and +5, +11, +14, +21, +Ph, i(17q),
      dic(1;9), and structural abnormalities of chromosomes #1, #5, #12, and #13 each
      in 1 case. Two cases studied in blast crisis alone had complex translocations
      leading to the Ph. Because it cannot be ruled out that these translocations are
      secondary, they were not included in the calculation of the frequency of atypical
      translocations.

PMID- 3855370
TI  - Value of cytogenetic studies in prediction of acute phase CML.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with Ph CML who eventually developed a blast crisis were
      karyotyped at regular intervals in order to correlate the evolution of abnormal
      clones with clinical changes. Persistent new clones appeared in the chronic
      phase, prior to either transition or transformation, or in the acute phase (the
      latter, particularly, where transformation was slow). In many patients,
      chromosome changes accumulated within a single abnormal clone as the disease
      progressed. In others, particularly where the simple Ph cell line was slow to be
      supplanted, new clones appeared from the remaining Ph cells at the time of
      transformation, perhaps reflecting the inability of certain chromosome
      abnormalities to coexist. We suggest that the occurrence of additional chromosome
      abnormalities is not reliable evidence of acute transformation, but that the
      nature and subsequent behavior of abnormal clones may provide more valuable
      indications.

PMID- 3855372
TI  - Isochromosome 17q in Ph-negative chronic myelocytic leukemia.
AB  - No Ph chromosome was found in three clinically suspected chronic myelocytic
      leukemia (CML) patients, although one had metaphases with trisomy 13. An
      isochromosome of the long arm of chromosome 17 [i(17q)] was found in these
      patients when two of them were in acute blastic crisis (ABC) and the other in an
      early stage of transformation. Although an i(17q) is frequently seen in ABC of Ph
      positive CML, it is rarely reported in Ph-negative CML. The finding of an i(17q)
      chromosome in Ph-negative CML appears to indicate, as in Ph-positive CML, that
      the disease is transforming into ABC. A series of cytogenetic studies in this
      group of patients may possibly aid in predicting the patients' pending ABC and
      may also lead to understanding the pathogenesis of ABC.

PMID- 3855373
TI  - Chromosome fragile sites.

PMID- 3855374
TI  - Isochromosome X in acute myeloblastic leukemia.
AB  - An aberrant leukemic clone with a 46,X,i(Xq) karyotype appeared at the first
      relapse of the disease in a case of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). The DNA
      replication pattern displayed asynchronous late termination within the homologous
      arms of the isochromosome in all investigated metaphases. The origin of
      asynchrony in the isochromosome's DNA replication pattern is discussed.

PMID- 3855375
TI  - Sister chromatid exchanges in leukemic patients.
AB  - Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was studied in PHA-stimulated peripheral blood
      lymphocytes from 36 newly diagnosed and untreated leukemic patients: 16 with
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 10 with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL),
      and 10 with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). The metaphases analyzed show no
      chromosomal abnormalities. The mean SCE frequency (mean +/- SE) for each group of
      patients was: 6.8 +/- 0.4, 6.6 +/- 0.3, and 7.0 +/- 0.6 per mitosis,
      respectively, which was significantly lower than the mean SCE score for 30
      controls (8.7 +/- 0.2). No differences in SCE score among ALL, ANLL, and CML and
      a similar SCE frequency by chromosome number and group allowed consolidation of
      all the cases into a single group of 36 leukemic patients (6.8 +/- 0.3). When the
      frequency of SCE was compared by chromosome number and group between the leukemic
      patients with the control group, a significant decrease in SCE frequency was
      observed due to a low SCE score in almost all the complements, except chromosome
      #1. It is suggested that the low SCE rate is related to the leukemic process
      itself.

PMID- 3855376
TI  - Chromosomal characteristics of chronic and blastic phases of Ph-positive chronic
      myeloid leukemia.
AB  - To evaluate the appearance of chromosome changes, in addition to the Philadelphia
      (Ph) chromosome, as predictive and diagnostic parameters of transformation in
      chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), such changes were analyzed in the chronic phase
      (CP) and compared with those of the blastic phase (BP) of CML. The common
      chromosome changes observed in the CP were loss of a Y (-Y), trisomy 8 (+8), an
      isochromosome for the long arm of chromosome #17 [i(17q)], a double Ph (+Ph),
      reciprocal translocations, and partial deletions. In most patients with
      chromosome changes in addition to the Ph, the percentage of abnormal clones
      increased steadily during the CP and was accompanied by other chromosome changes
      shortly before or at the onset of the BP, except for cases with -Y or i(17q)
      clones. In general, most chromosome changes observed shortly before or at the BP
      were complex. These facts suggest that complex chromosome changes could be
      utilized as predictive and diagnostic parameters of blastic transformation in
      CML.

PMID- 3855377
TI  - t(11;19)(q23;p11) in a child with acute T-cell leukemia.
AB  - A translocation, t(11;19)(q23;p11), is reported in a child with T-cell leukemia.
      Our case indicates that the t(11;19) may not be restricted to the monocytic
      leukemias, as earlier reported, but may occur in other malignancies.

PMID- 3855379
TI  - Chronic myelocytic leukemia with mirror image duplication of chromosome 22:
      46,XY, pq+t(22q-;22q-).

PMID- 3855378
TI  - Cytogenetic findings in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Chromosome studies were performed on the bone marrow cells of 42 children with
      newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). All the children were
      subsequently treated with the same protocol. Chromosomal abnormalities were found
      in 25 patients, i.e., in 59.5% of the cases. Hyperdiploidy was observed in 21.4%
      hypodiploidy in 14.3%, and pseudodiploidy in 23.8% of the children. The most
      frequent structural aberrations were translocations, which were found in half of
      the patients with abnormal karyotypes. Chromosomes #5, #6, #7, #9, #14, #17, and
      #21 were involved in different types of changes most frequently. Because these
      findings correspond with observations published by others, they can be regarded
      as evidence of nonrandom involvement of these chromosomes in rearrangements in
      ALL. Special attention should be also paid to the deletion of 6q, which seems to
      be relatively common in ALL. In 12 cases, clonal evolution of karyotypic changes
      was observed.

PMID- 3855380
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of pentakis(aziridino)thiatriazadiphosphorine oxide
      (SOAz)-induced changes in cell cycle progression of HeLa and HL-60 cells.
AB  - The treatment of HeLa and HL-60 cells with various concentrations of
      pentakis(arizidino)thiatriazadiphosphorine oxide results in inhibition of growth
      and modification of cell cycle distribution. These phenomena were observed at 10(
      4) M and 5 X 10(-5) M for HeLa cells and 10(-5) M and 5 X 10(-6) M for HL-60
      cells. The estimation of DNA content by flow cytometry showed an important shift
      in the distribution of cycling cells with a striking arrest in G2 for both cell
      lines with a concomitant late S-phase accumulation for HeLa cells. Incubation of
      cells in drug-free medium 3 days after treatment did not show any change in DNA
      distribution, suggesting the irreversibility of drug action.

PMID- 3855381
TI  - Relationship of c-myc expression to differentiation and proliferation of HL-60
      cells.
AB  - We have compared changes in c-myc expression in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia
      cells induced to differentiate by dimethyl sulfoxide or growth inhibited in an
      undifferentiated state. Under these conditions, c-myc expression did not
      correlate with the proportion of proliferating cells. The kinetics of the
      decrease in c-myc expression upon differentiation induction is paralleled closely
      by an increasing proportion of histochemically detected differentiated myeloid
      cells and by a decrease in clonogenic potential but not by changes in the
      proportion of proliferating cells. Changes in c-myc expression subsequent to
      differentiation induction can therefore be directly related to the
      differentiation process rather than to a cell cycle-related phenomenon.

PMID- 3855382
TI  - High-dose ifosfamide in advanced osteosarcoma.
AB  - In a prospective study, 18 evaluable patients with recurrent osteosarcoma were
      treated with ifosfamide, 1.8 g/m2 daily for 5 consecutive days. Courses were
      repeated every 4 weeks. Additional mesna (2-mercaptoethane sulfonate) was given
      to prevent urotoxicity. All patients had measurable lung deposits and all but one
      had been pretreated with various cytotoxic agents. Six patients (33%) showed
      therapeutic response, two complete and four partial, with a median duration of
      5.5 months (range, 3-47+). Toxicity included myelosuppression, alopecia, nausea,
      and vomiting. No severe urotoxicity or central nervous system toxicity was
      observed. Thus, high-dose ifosfamide in combination with mesna seems to be a safe
      and effective agent for the chemotherapy of osteosarcoma.

PMID- 3855383
TI  - Treatment of ocular leukemia with local chemotherapy.
AB  - Two cases of human ocular leukemic recurrence were treated by combined local
      chemotherapy. Both cases were histologically proven with aspiration needle biopsy
      and successfully treated with subconjunctival injections of methotrexate,
      cytarabine, and corticosteroids.

PMID- 3855384
TI  - Phase II trial of 4'-epi-doxorubicin in advanced carcinoma of head and neck
      origin.
AB  - Thirty-one patients with advanced head and neck cancer were treated with 4'
      epidoxorubicin. Three of 25 evaluable patients with squamous cell carcinoma and
      two of three with minor salivary gland carcinoma had partial remissions. Four
      patients received cumulative doses of 680-1270 mg/m2; none developed clinical
      heart failure.

PMID- 3855385
TI  - Phase II trial of 4'-epi-doxorubicin in advanced colorectal carcinoma: a Northern
      California Oncology Group study.

PMID- 3855387
TI  - A putative nitrogenase reductase gene found in the nucleotide sequences from the
      photosynthetic gene cluster of R. capsulata.

PMID- 3855386
TI  - Phase I-II trial of mitoxantrone in acute leukemia.
AB  - Mitoxantrone was evaluated in a multi-institution trial to define the effective
      dose for treating acute leukemia, to evaluate its toxicity, and to assess the
      induction rates for the different types of acute leukemia. Fifty-seven patients
      have been treated. Of the 24 patients receiving mitoxantrone (10 mg/m2/day X 5),
      one of nine with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) in relapse, one of five
      with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in relapse, and one of seven with blastic
      chronic myelogenous leukemia achieved remission. At a dose of 12 mg/m2/day X 5,
      seven of 16 patients with ANLL in relapse, none of six with acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia in relapse, and one of five with blastic chronic myelogenous leukemia
      achieved remission. At both dose levels, there was no response in patients who
      had failed to achieve a prior remission. Toxic effects included nausea/vomiting,
      stomatitis, and hepatic dysfunction. Nine of the 57 patients treated experienced
      cardiac events but cardiac toxicity seemed clinically significant in only three.
      We conclude that mitoxantrone, at a dose of 12 mg/m2/day X 5, is effective
      therapy for ANLL. Trials combining mitoxantrone with other agents are needed.

PMID- 3855388
TI  - Cellular site and mode of Fv-2 gene action.
AB  - The Fv-2 genotype of erythroid progenitors directly determines whether they will
      undergo viral-induced transformation. This conclusion was reached from studies of
      allophenic mice compounded from congenic C57BL/6 strains differing at Fv-2 and an
      enzyme marker (GPI). Infection of these Fv-2ss in equilibrium Fv-2rr mosaic
      animals with the polycythemic strain of Friend virus results in the development
      of Friend disease. Concomitant with disease symptoms is a shift in the mosaic
      composition of the erythrocytes in favor of those of the susceptible strain. The
      observed viral-induced shift in the erythrocyte composition is paralleled by a
      similar change in the mosaic composition of the CFU-E pool but not the primitive
      (d8) BFU-E pool. Thus, with regard to this particular Fv-2 phenotype
      (susceptibility to FV-P-induced cellular hyperplasia), Fv-2 manifests itself
      specifically in the erythroid lineage, either in mature (d3) BFU-E or CFU-E.

PMID- 3855389
TI  - Transfer of osteosarcoma-specific cell-mediated immunity in hamsters by rabbit
      dialyzable leukocyte extracts.
AB  - We have investigated the transfer of specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to
      osteosarcoma-associated antigens (OSAA) to hamsters with dialyzable leukocyte
      extracts (DLE) from OSAA-immunized rabbits. The transfer of specific CMI was
      determined by leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay and skin testing. DLE
      was prepared from rabbits immunized with OSAA, purified protein derivative (PPD),
      or fibrosarcoma cell plasma membrane preparation (FSM). Control DLE was prepared
      from rabbits injected with 0.85% NaCl. Significant leukocyte adherence inhibition
      was observed with leukocytes from hamsters that had received OSAA-specific, PPD
      specific, and FSM-specific rabbit DLE, when OSAA, PPD, and FSM were used as
      antigens, respectively. Similarly, significant ear swelling after injection of
      OSAA, PPD, or FSM was observed only in hamsters that had received DLE from
      rabbits immunized with OSAA, PPD, or FSM, respectively. These results suggest
      that CMI specific for OSAA, PPD, or FSM can be transferred to normal hamsters by
      DLE from immunized rabbits.

PMID- 3855390
TI  - Antibody to G-actin in different categories of alcoholic liver disease:
      quantification by an ELISA and significance for alcoholic cirrhosis.
AB  - Autoantibodies to smooth muscle (ASMA), and to actin which is a major determinant
      of such reactivity, were measured in the serum of 94 patients with three defined
      categories of alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and
      alcoholic cirrhosis, and in controls matched individually by age and sex with the
      patients. Autoantibody to monomeric G-actin was detected by an ELISA and
      autoantibody to polymeric F-actin by immunofluorescence staining of fibroblast
      stress fibers in cultured cells. Values for the ELISA were expressed as a
      percentage of the value for a strongly reactive standard serum. The mean value
      for antibody to G-actin in 40 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (70 +/- 33%) was
      significantly greater than that for the matched controls (28 +/- 18%), but the
      mean value for the 30 patients with alcoholic hepatitis (46 +/- 16%) and the 24
      with fatty liver (42 +/- 24%) did not differ significantly from the controls.
      High levels of reactivity with G-actin correlated significantly with HLA B7. ASMA
      was demonstrable to low titer in 11 of the 94 sera, and positive ASMA reactions
      by immunofluorescence correlated with high binding values to G-actin in the
      ELISA. Antibody to F-actin was found in only one serum and no controls. Thus in
      different liver diseases the reactivity of antibodies to monomeric G-actin and
      polymeric F-actin may differ, presumably because of specificity for different
      determinants of the actin molecule. Reactivity to G-actin may distinguish a group
      of alcoholic subjects in whom a predisposition to autoimmune reactivity is one of
      the determinants of progression of liver damage to cirrhosis.

PMID- 3855391
TI  - A rapid alternative to the clonogenic assay for measuring antibody and complement
      mediated killing of tumor cells.
AB  - A study of the methods used to quantitate killing of tumor cells by antibody and
      complement has highlighted a number of problems. Using leukemia as a model we
      have found that the release of 51Cr from labeled tumor cells treated with
      antibody and complement can be an equivocal measure of cell viability. Combined
      with its restricted sensitivity (less than a 2 log range of cell killing) this
      makes this widely used assay of questionable value for detecting small numbers of
      viable cells, or for identifying subpopulations of complement-resistant cells. As
      an alternative we have developed a [125I]iododeoxyuridine (125IUdR) uptake assay,
      that combines the simplicity and rapidity of the 51Cr release technique with the
      sensitivity of a clonogenic assay. This method eliminates the problem of
      spontaneous isotope release, inherent in prelabeling assays, and variability from
      experiment to experiment can be avoided by including a viable cell standard curve
      within each assay. The sensitivity of the 125IUdR uptake method, which can be
      completed within a day, is similar to that of a 10 day methylcellulose cloning
      assay and was capable of detecting the presence of a minor subpopulation of
      complement-resistant tumor cells.

PMID- 3855392
TI  - Function following mega total hip arthroplasty compared with conventional total
      hip arthroplasty and healthy matched controls.
AB  - Total hip arthroplasty (THA) with the use of a Mega prosthesis was a successful
      surgical procedure in the management of tumors of the hip as well as in revision
      THA with loss of bone stock. Passive hip motion and strength of hip muscles,
      walking ability, and activities of daily living in nine such cases compared well
      with the function following conventional THA. Limp and positive Trendelenburg
      sign were more common after Mega THA. Dislocation of the prosthesis occurred in
      2/14 cases. Fracture of the femoral condyle occurred in one case. Another case
      had stem fatigue failure of a thin stem.

PMID- 3855393
TI  - Leukemia cutis mimicking stasis dermatitis.
AB  - A patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in blast crisis experienced a
      peculiar painful eruption on his left lower extremity during the preterminal
      phase of his disease. The lesion was characterized by tender, edematous, purpuric
      infiltration which resembled stasis dermatitis clinically. Dermatopathologic
      examination demonstrated leukemia cutis.

PMID- 3855394
TI  - Acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Demonstration of pulmonary involvement by
      bronchoalveolar lavage.
AB  - Massive pulmonary infiltration by leukemic cells resulting in respiratory
      symptoms is a rare complication of acute leukemia. We report the findings in a
      patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia presenting with acute onset of fever,
      dyspnea, and nonproductive cough, in whom the diagnosis of pulmonary invasion by
      leukemic cells was made by cytochemical analysis of bronchoalveolar cells
      recovered by lavage.

PMID- 3855395
TI  - Cell-cycle, protein content, and nuclear size in acute myeloid leukemia.
AB  - Simultaneous analysis of DNA and cellular proteins provides information on cell
      proliferation and metabolism. Cellular protein content coupled with nuclear
      geometric parameters can be used to evaluate cellular maturation and
      differentiation. In this study, leucoblasts from 50 cases of adult acute myeloid
      leukemia were analyzed by flow cytometry, and semiautomatic morphometry was
      performed on bone marrow smears. Ethanol-fixed bone marrow blast cells were
      stained for DNA with propidium iodide (PI) and for proteins with fluorescein
      isothiocyanate (FITC). On the resulting FITC versus PI histograms we defined the
      cells with low protein content which are associated with a nonproliferating
      subpopulation (LPC fraction). Low protein content fraction and S-phase are
      correlated (p less than 0.01). The LPC fraction values are more dispersed than S
      phase values and thus should indicate more clearly eventual differences between
      cellular populations. This hypothesis has been tested with the prognostic
      significance of cell-cycle variables: The LPC fraction was significantly higher
      in the complete remission group than in the other (p less than 0.01), while S
      phase did not show any difference. The peak value of the protein content
      histograms is significantly lower in the granulocytic leukemias (M1, M2, M3) than
      in the leukemias with a monoblastic component (M4, M5). Furthermore, we showed
      that the differentiation and the maturation of the myeloid blast cells modify the
      nuclear size. The combination of these two parameters provides useful information
      for cytological classification.

PMID- 3855396
TI  - Differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells monitored by flow
      cytometric measurement of nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction.
AB  - Reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) to insoluble blue formazan granules
      occurs during the stimulus-induced respiratory burst of mature granulocytes and
      is routinely used as an indicator of the extent of granulocytic differentiation
      of HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. In the present study, the
      differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells induced by dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or
      retinoic acid was monitored by flow cytometric (FCM) measurement of forward and
      90 degree light scatter of NBT treated cells. Two-parameter correlated analysis
      permitted a distinction between cells with increased forward and decreased 90
      degree light scatter (NBT-), and cells with decreased forward and increased 90
      degree light scatter (NBT+). Fixation of NBT treated cells with 1%
      paraformaldehyde facilitated flow cytometric analysis, and allowed differences in
      NBT reduction to be quantitated. DMSO-induced cells expressed an all-or-none
      reduction of NBT to formazan, compared with retinoic acid treated cells that
      exhibited a graded response. Three parameter flow cytometric analysis of HL-60
      leukemia cells stained with propidium iodide in combination with NBT allowed the
      determination of the cell cycle distribution of NBT-treated cells.

PMID- 3855397
TI  - Evidence for independent 11-oxidase and 11-reductase activities of 11 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: enzyme latency, phase transitions, and lipid
      requirements.
AB  - Experimental modification of the membrane structure of rat liver microsomes
      affected the behavior of the 11-oxidase and 11-reductase components of 11 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in different ways. 1) The latency of 11-oxidase was
      released by detergents, phospholipases, or elevated temperature; 11-reductase
      activity was not increased by these manipulations. 2) 11-Reductase was rapidly
      inactivated at 25 C and 37 C; 11-oxidase was stable at these temperatures. 3)
      Arrhenius plots of microsome bound 11-reductase between 5 C and 40 C showed
      discontinuity at 23 C. Activation energies above and below the critical
      temperature were 2 kcal and 16 kcal, respectively. Solubilized 11-reductase
      showed no discontinuity [activation energy (Ea) = 15 kcal]. Ea for 11-oxidase was
      15 kcal at all temperatures for membrane bound or solubilized enzyme, with no
      discontinuities. 4) Phospholipases A2 and C rapidly inactivated 11-reductase.
      Triton DF-18 regenerated 50% of the reductase activity of phospholipase C-treated
      microsomes, but had no effect on phospholipase A2-treated microsomes.
      Phospholipases increased 11-oxidase activity. The independent behavior of
      corticosteroid 11-oxidase and 11-reductase are consistent with the properties of
      closely associated, independent enzymes.

PMID- 3855398
TI  - Inhibition by prostaglandin E2 of renal effects of calcitonin in rats.
AB  - To investigate the possible role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in modulating the
      actions of PTH and calcitonin (CT) in the kidney, the effects of PGE2 were
      examined on the in vivo conversion of [3H]25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to [3H]1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 ([3H]1,25-(OH)2D3) in vitamin D-deficient
      thyroparathyroidectomized (T-PTX) rats and on the urinary excretion of phosphate
      (Pi) in vitamin D-replete T-PTX rats in the presence of either PTH or CT. Plasma
      accumulation of [3H] 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased from 12.2 +/- 0.6 pmol/100 ml in
      controls to 19.5 +/- 1.1 (P less than 0.01) by 20 micrograms/h PGE2 to 29.8 +/-
      1.8 (P less than 0.001) by 7.5 U/h PTH, and to 23.3 +/- 0.7 (P less than 0.01) by
      500 mU/h CT. Administration of PGE2 inhibited CT-stimulated accumulation of 1,25
      (OH)2D3 to levels not different from those by PGE2 alone (17.8 +/- 1.0 pmol/100
      ml). In contrast, PGE2 had no effect on PTH-stimulated 1,25-(OH)2D3 accumulation.
      PTH and CT caused an increase in urinary Pi excretion and a decrease in plasma Pi
      levels. PGE2 abolished the effects of CT, but not of PTH, on both urinary Pi
      excretion and plasma Pi levels. Administration of PGE2 alone caused no
      significant changes in plasma Pi levels and only minimal increase in urinary Pi
      excretion. PGE2 did not suppress urinary cAMP excretion stimulated by CT. These
      results demonstrate that PGE2 specifically suppresses the effects of CT to
      stimulate synthesis of [3H]1,25-(OH)2D3 from [3H]25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and to
      inhibit tubular reabsorption of Pi without affecting urinary cAMP excretion.
      Since CT appears to stimulate 1 alpha-hydroxylase and inhibit Pi reabsorption in
      proximal tubules, nephron segments devoid of CT-sensitive adenylate cyclase,
      these data suggest that PGE2 modulates the actions of CT, but not of PTH, on
      proximal tubular functions.

PMID- 3855399
TI  - A luteotrophic action of prolactin: suppression of intraluteal prostaglandin
      production or effect?
AB  - Adult rats were hypophysectomized and their pituitary glands autotransplanted on
      day 2 of an estrous cycle (day 1, ovulation); the rats were either
      hysterectomized or sham hysterectomized immediately before this operation. On day
      21, a few days after the beginning of the 3+ month period of regression of
      progesterone secretion, they were injected sc with 500 micrograms prostaglandin
      F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) either on day 21 alone, on days 21 and 22, on days 21, 22,
      and 23, or on days 21 and 23; controls were injected with saline on days 21, 22,
      and 23. In the latter the serum progesterone level slowly fell, as it does in
      untreated rats subjected to pituitary autotransplantation on day 2. PGF2 alpha
      treatment induced a rapid, drastic fall in the progesterone level, but in each
      group except the one injected on days 21 and 23, the level returned to, or close
      to, the control level in about 10 days. Even in the group injected on days 21 and
      23, the pattern of serum progesterone resembled the others although the values
      were much lower. In a similar group of rats subjected to pituitary
      autotransplantation on day 2 (all of which were also hysterectomized on day 2), a
      single injection of 500 micrograms PGF2 alpha (which again induced the same
      changes in serum progesterone as in the first experiment) was combined with
      either a 6-h or 4-h withdrawal of PRL; this was achieved by injecting 2 bromo
      alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154) at zero time to lower PRL secretion, and beef PRL, in
      a delaying vehicle, 6 or 4 h later, followed by a second dose of PRL 18 h after
      the first. When combined with such a brief period of PRL withdrawal, the PGF2
      alpha treatment induced a very rapid, drastic and permanent fall in serum
      progesterone, equal to that induced by CB-154 alone, or by removing the pituitary
      transplant on day 21. The brief periods of PRL withdrawal, by themselves had very
      little (6 h) or no (4 h) effect on the progesterone level, and treatment with PRL
      alone was also without effect. Treatment with CB-154, PGF2 alpha, and PRL
      simultaneously (i.e. without a period of PRL withdrawal) had the same effect as
      treatment with PGF2 alpha alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3855400
TI  - Stereoelectronic effects in RNase-catalysed reactions of dinucleoside phosphate
      cleavage.
AB  - The rate at which dinucleoside phosphates are cleaved by RNases is supposed to be
      determined by the mole fraction of enzyme-substrate complexes in which the
      phosphodiester moiety of a dinucleoside phosphate has a highly reactive
      conformation. The mole fraction of such complexes for a particular RNase depends
      on the nature of a nucleoside at the O5'-end of the phosphodiester bond.
      Experimental data are presented to support this hypothesis.

PMID- 3855401
TI  - Characterization of prostaglandin E2 binding to isolated human adipocytes.
AB  - Prostaglandin (PG) E2 binding to fat cells and its consequent antilipolytic
      effect have been studied in experiments using laboratory animals, but no binding
      studies have yet been reported using adipocytes from humans. Consequently, we
      have characterized PGE2 binding to human isolated fat cells to compare the
      apparent binding constant to the IC50 for the antilipolytic effect of PGE2. Our
      data indicate that human fat cells contain binding sites that specifically
      recognize prostaglandins of the E series and demonstrate stereospecific
      recognition of the more potent of two 15-methyl-PGE2 analogues. There was no
      evidence for rapid metabolism of PGE2 by isolated adipocytes such as occurs in
      lung and liver tissue. A double-reciprocal plot of binding data obtained at
      saturation using [3H]PGE2 and increasing concentrations of PGE2 indicated a
      single class of binding sites with an apparent binding constant (0.54 nM) that
      agreed well with the IC50 (0.26 nM) for the antilipolytic effect of PGE2 we
      observed in human fat cells. The findings from these binding and lipolysis
      studies are in general agreement with published observations using adipocytes
      from rodents and provide evidence that the conclusions reached from previous
      studies of laboratory animals are relevant to adipocyte physiology in humans.

PMID- 3855402
TI  - Increased jejunal prostaglandin E2 concentrations in patients with acute cholera.
AB  - Supraphysiologic doses of prostaglandins (PGs) mimic the effect of cholera toxin
      and cAMP in the small intestine, but not all observations are explicable in terms
      of the theory that links PGs to cAMP. Because no data exist on endogenous PGs in
      human cholera we measured PGE2 concentrations in jejunal fluids and fasting
      intestinal flow rates of PGE2 during slow marker perfusion of proximal jejunum in
      nine patients with high purging cholera. Nine patients in the recovery phase of
      cholera or other watery diarrhoeas served as controls. In acute cholera PGE2
      concentrations were significantly (p less than 0.001) raised (172-1435 (n = 9) vs
      60-270 (n = 9) pg/ml) and negatively correlated (r = 0.71; p less than 0.05) to
      the time following onset of diarrhoea. Also fasting jejunal flow rates of PGE2
      were significantly (p less than 0.005) increased (0.77-8.22 (n = 7) vs 0.21-0.92
      (n = 6) ng/min), and positively correlated (r = 0.84; p less than 0.01) to stool
      output (2.9-9.5 ml/min). By extrapolation, at normal stool output fasting jejunal
      flow rates of PGE2 equalled those measured during convalescence. The results
      support the notion that PGs, in addition to cAMP, may play a pathophysiologic
      role in human cholera. As the ratio between the medians of the highest values
      measured during the acute phase of cholera and in late convalescence was at least
      15, local intestinal PGE2 formation in full blown cholera should result in
      mucosal PGE2 concentrations above those required for a maximal secretory
      response. This observation might explain why conventional doses of aspirin and
      indomethacin had no significant antidiarrhoeal effect in clinical trials.

PMID- 3855403
TI  - Significance of serum and hepatic markers of hepatitis B viral infection in HBsAg
      positive and HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis.
AB  - The correlation between serum and hepatic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has
      been studied in 70 subjects with chronic active hepatitis of whom 18 were HBsAg+
      and 52 were HBsAg-. In HBsAg+ subjects, sera were tested for HBeAg/anti-HBe
      status and for HBV DNA sequences using a DNA dot hybridization technique. Anti
      HBs and anti-HBc were measured in serum in the HBsAg- group. Immunoperoxidase
      staining was used to detect HBsAg, HBcAg and delta antigen in liver tissue. Of
      the 18 HBsAg+ patients, 13 were HBeAg+ and 5 were anti-HBe+. A good correlation
      was shown between HBeAg and HBV DNA in serum and HBcAg expression in liver
      tissue. Neither HBV DNA in serum nor HBcAg in liver tissue was detected in any of
      the anti-HBe+ patients. HBsAg and/or HBcAg were detected in liver tissue in 17 of
      18 HBsAg+ subjects (95%). However, neither HBsAg nor HBcAg were detected in liver
      tissue in 52 HBsAg- patients. This group included 11 patients with antibody
      markers in serum of past HBV infection. Thus, in contrast to previous studies, a
      good correlation was demonstrated between the serum and hepatic markers of viral
      replication, and no evidence was obtained to implicate the HBV as an etiological
      agent in HBsAg- chronic active hepatitis.

PMID- 3855404
TI  - Clinical and cytogenetic studies of the Prader-Willi syndrome: evidence of
      phenotype-karyotype correlation.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with the presumed diagnosis of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS)
      were studied clinically and cytogenetically. The patients were classified into
      three study groups on the basis of their clinical pictures: group 1 with 12
      children meeting the strict diagnostic criteria for PWS; group 2 with nine floppy
      infants and young children, aged 3 years or less, without obesity and
      hyperphagia; and group 3 with six older children in whom some characteristic
      features of the syndrome were absent. High-resolution GTG banding of prometaphase
      chromosomes revealed del(15)(q11.1;q12) in eleven and t(15;15)(qter----p11.2::q12
      ---qter) in one of the twelve group 1 patients. In group 2, four patients had
      del(15)(q11.1; q12), one had t(15;15)(qter----p11.1::q13----qter), and the
      remaining four had normal karyotypes. The deleted segment common to the 17
      patients with the chromosome aberrations was confined to subband 15q11.2. On the
      other hand, all six group 3 patients had normal karyotypes. These findings
      indicated that when strictly defined PWS is absolutely correlated with chromosome
      15 aberrations, i.e., there is a positive phenotype-karyotype correlation, and
      that the aberrations are etiologically related to the syndrome. Parental origin
      of the deleted chromosome was determined in seven patients, with QFQ
      heteromorphisms being used as hereditary markers. The deleted chromosome
      originated from the paternal chromosome 15 in six patients and from the maternal
      15 in one.

PMID- 3855405
TI  - Linkage relationships of the gene for apolipoprotein CII with loci on chromosome
      19.
AB  - Two common restriction fragment length polymorphisms detected with cloned gene
      probes for apolipoprotein CII (apo CII) have been used to study the inheritance
      of the gene in families segregating for loci on chromosome 19. Lod scores for
      APOC2 with the gene for complement component 3 (C3) exclude close linkage and
      give a maximum at a male recombination fraction of 0.25-0.30. Lod scores for
      APOC2 and FHC, the gene causing familial hypercholesterolaemia, are negative in
      males and suggest the genes may not be linked. However, it appears that APOC2 may
      be closely linked to the blood group loci Lutheran (Lu) and Secretor (Se), and
      probably less closely linked to Lewis (Le). These data are consistent with the
      gene order: FHC-----C3-----(Lu, Se, APOC2)

PMID- 3855406
TI  - Evidence of a preferential inactivation of the paternally derived X chromosome in
      a 46,XX true hermaphrodite.
AB  - The pattern of inheritance of several X polymorphic markers is studied in the
      pedigree of a 46,XX true hermaphrodite. The results of the Xga, 12E7, and G6PD
      segregation analysis favour the hypothesis of a preferential inactivation of the
      paternally derived X chromosome.

PMID- 3855407
TI  - Independent regulation of myeloid cell growth and differentiation inducing
      proteins: in vivo regulation by compounds that induce inflammation.
AB  - Regulation of the in vivo production of myeloid cell growth-inducing (MGI-1) and
      differentiation-inducing (MGI-2) proteins has been studied in mice injected with
      the inflammation-inducing compounds sodium caseinate, thioglycollate and
      bacterial lipopolysaccharide. The results indicate that these inflammation
      inducing compounds can induce in vivo production of MGI-1 and MGI-2; that
      different inducing agents can cause a different body-distribution of MGI-1 and
      MGI-2; that there is an independent regulation of in vivo production and
      distribution of MGI-1 and MGI-2; and that there is a granulocyte growth-inducing
      protein (MGI-IG = G-CSF) that is not identical to the differentiation-inducing
      protein (MGI-2). Resident peritoneal macrophages produce MGI-1 and MGI-2 in
      vitro, but inflammatory macrophages show a reduced ability to spontaneously
      produce these proteins after in vivo injection of caseinate or thioglycollate.
      The results thus also indicate that macrophage activation can affect the ability
      of macrophages to produce the myeloid cell regulatory proteins MGI-1 and MGI-2.

PMID- 3855408
TI  - Intra-arterial infusion of radiosensitizer (BUdR) combined with hypofractionated
      irradiation and chemotherapy for primary treatment of osteogenic sarcoma.
AB  - Combined modality treatment was given in nine patients of osteogenic sarcoma
      wherein the tumor was unresectable because of location or amputation was refused.
      This alternative to massive surgery comprised hypofractionated irradiation, intra
      arterial infusion of the radiosensitizer 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and adjuvant
      systemic chemotherapy. Local control was achieved in seven of the nine patients.
      Four survived, all without evidence of disease at 6, 7.1, 8.8, and 10.5 years
      after completion of irradiation. Pulmonary metastases developed in six patients-
      of whom one survives, following high-dose pulmonary irradiation and additional
      chemotherapy. Significant soft-tissue injury occurred in five patients. On the
      basis of our experience, we believe that new approaches using modifications of
      external beam irradiation with different fractionation schedules or better
      radiosensitizing compounds may hold promise for patients with non-resectable
      osteosarcoma.

PMID- 3855409
TI  - Induction of chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance in Flexibacter sp.
      strain FS-1.
AB  - The gliding bacterium Flexibacter sp. strain FS-1 exhibits inducible resistance
      to chloramphenicol (Cmr) and tetracycline (Tcr). Either chloramphenicol or
      tetracycline alone induced a Cmr Tcr phenotype. The resistance is apparently not
      plasmid encoded.

PMID- 3855410
TI  - The surgical treatment of parosteal osteosarcoma in long bones.
AB  - The cases of twenty-five patients with Stage-I parosteal osteosarcoma were
      analyzed to ascertain the incidence of recurrence after forty-two various
      surgical procedures that produced an intracapsular, marginal, wide, or radical
      excisional margin. Ten intracapsular resections were followed by local recurrence
      in each patient. This procedure usually was done to shell-out a presumably benign
      lesion. Marginal excision was successful in nine of seventeen patients. When a
      marginal excision was knowingly done to preserve a major neurovascular bundle,
      the risk of recurrence was less (three of eleven) than when it was done to shell
      out a presumptively benign lesion (five of six). The fourteen procedures that
      achieved wide margins obtained local control--that is, there was no recurrence-
      in each patient. There was one radical procedure without recurrence.

PMID- 3855411
TI  - Late metastases from osteogenic sarcoma. A case report.

PMID- 3855412
TI  - Influence of repeated APF applications on long-term remineralization of initial
      lesions in bovine enamel.
AB  - Initial lesions in bovine enamel were remineralized in vitro for periods lasting
      from one hour to two weeks; in some cases, remineralization was interrupted daily
      for a ten-minute APF application. After two weeks, surface coatings appeared on
      APF-treated specimens; SEM and TEM observations, including selected area and
      micro-electron diffraction, indicated both a layered structure within these
      coatings, and the predominance of calcium fluoride single crystals, ranging from
      0.1 to 1.0 micrometer in size. Using double (45 Ca and 32 P) labeled
      remineralizing solutions, we obtained depth profiles of deposited labeled calcium
      and phosphate; these indicated that repeated APF applications prevented inward
      penetration of calcium and phosphate and limited the deposition of these ions to
      an outer surface region corresponding to the surface coating. These phenomena are
      explained in terms of the composition and apparent reactivity of the coating.

PMID- 3855413
TI  - An in vivo investigation of the fluoride uptake in partially demineralized human
      enamel from several different dentifrices.
AB  - In this study, the total fluoride uptake in partially demineralized enamel from
      in situ brushing with six dentifrice systems was investigated in vivo among 22
      panelists. Five dentifrices with different fluoride systems were compared with a
      placebo control. Two demineralized enamel discs were placed in proximal positions
      on specially fabricated dentures worn by each participant. Each treatment
      involved use of the placebo dentifrice for one week, followed by two weeks of
      twice-daily use of the test dentifrice. The F- contents of the dentifrices were:
      A = 1000 ppm F as Na2PO3F + 450 ppm F as NaF; B = 1100 ppm F as NaF; C = 1000 ppm
      F as Na2PO3F; D = 1000 ppm F as SnF2; E = 1500 ppm F as Na2PO3F; and P = 0 ppm F
      (placebo). The F- uptakes from A, C, D, and E were not significantly different
      from each other but were all significantly higher than the placebo. Statistical
      analysis showed a significantly higher F- level from the NaF-based paste B than
      that from all other systems. No differences existed between mesial-distal
      specimens; there was no correlation between F- uptake and age. Significant uptake
      differences were found between panelists with full and partial prostheses.

PMID- 3855414
TI  - Hydrolysis of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate in the presence or absence of calcium
      fluoride.
AB  - Effects of temperature (25 and 37 degrees C), pH (4.9-10.5), and CaF2 on
      CaHPO4.2H2O (DCPD) hydrolysis were studied in a pH-stat. Octa-calcium phosphate
      (OCP) was the product at pH 6.2-6.8 and 25-37 degrees C; thermodynamically stable
      apatitic compounds were formed at higher pH and/or higher temperature. In the
      presence of CaF2, apatite was the product, its crystallinity improved, and the
      fluoride content increased as pH of the reaction decreased. The results
      demonstrate the remarkable ability of fluoride to promote the hydrolysis of an
      acidic calcium phosphate, DCPD, to apatite.

PMID- 3855415
TI  - Effect of some salts of calcium, sodium, potassium, and strontium on intra-oral
      enamel demineralization.
AB  - A newly-developed intra-oral enamel demineralization test was used to evaluate
      the effect of supplementation of a 10% sucrose solution with various components
      on enamel demineralization induced by the sucrose. Five human subjects wore a
      palatal prosthesis holding eight blocks of subsurface bovine enamel covered with
      a layer of S. mutans cells. The test involved rinsing with sucrose solution or
      with sucrose solution supplemented with 0.162 mol/l of different calcium salts or
      equivalent concentrations of Na-, K-, and Sr salts; rinsing was for one min at
      times zero and 45 min of the 90-minute test period. Ca-propionate, Ca-acetate,
      and Ca-levulinate completely inhibited sucrose-induced enamel demineralization;
      Ca-chloride, Ca-lactate, and Ca-ascorbate gave from 65-75%, and K-acetate, Na
      lactate, and Sr-lactate 39, 25, and 18% inhibition, respectively. Consideration
      of the anion dissociation constants and the Ca-anion association constants of the
      salts suggests that the observed inhibition is caused mainly by common ion
      effects and, to a lesser extent, by buffer effects.

PMID- 3855416
TI  - Changes in collagen types during the healing of rabbit tooth extraction wounds.
AB  - Three alpha chains of type V collagen--alpha 1 (V), alpha 2 (V), and alpha 3 (V)-
      were initially demonstrated together with the expected collagen types I and III
      in the pepsin-soluble fraction of both normal mandibular bone and tooth
      extraction wound tissues of rabbits, as analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel
      electrophoresis. The total collagen content of each extraction wound, as
      determined by the hydroxyproline assay, was observed to increase continuously
      from day 5 through day 17 and then leveled off or decreased. The ratio of type V
      to type I collagen was significantly higher in the initial stage of wound healing
      and decreased sharply down to the level of mandibular bone by day 5. The ratio of
      type III to type I collagen in the pepsin-soluble fraction increased and reached
      a maximum on day 5, whereas it was maximal on day 7 in the cyanogen bromide
      soluble fraction, and thereafter decreased gradually in both fractions. The ratio
      for the pepsin-soluble fraction was, however, significantly higher than that for
      the cyanogen bromide-soluble fraction in the early stage of wound healing.

PMID- 3855417
TI  - Oligosaccharide structures of the low-molecular-weight salivary mucin from a
      normal individual and one with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Studies were begun to compare the oligosaccharide structures of the low-molecular
      weight mucin purified from the submandibular-sublingual saliva of a normal
      individual with that from one with cystic fibrosis. Following
      alkaline/borotritide cleavage, neutral and sialic acid-containing chains were
      purified by a combination of gel filtration, paper chromatography, and high
      voltage paper electrophoresis. Oligosaccharides ranged in size from a
      disaccharide to a heptasaccharide. Approximately 80% of the oligosaccharides were
      GalB1, 3GalNAc; Fuc alpha 1,2GalB1,3GalNAc; and NeuAc alpha 2,3GalB1, 3GalNAc.
      The other structures were Fuc alpha 1,2GalB1,4(Fuc alpha
      1,3)GlcNAcB1,6(GalB1,3)GalNAc or GalB1,4(Fuc alpha 1,3)GlcNAcB1,6(Fuc alpha
      1,2GalB1,3)GAlNAc; GalB1,4(Fuc alpha 1,3)GlcNAcB1,6(NeuAc alpha
      2,3GalB1,3)GalNAc; and Fuc alpha 1,2GalB1,4(Fuc alpha 1,3)GlcNAcB1,6 (NeuAc alpha
      2,3GalB1,3)GalNAc. There were no apparent qualitative differences in the neutral
      and sialic acid-containing units recovered from the normal and cystic fibrosis
      samples.

PMID- 3855419
TI  - The effect of Class II elastic forces on craniofacial growth in rats.
AB  - Full-time Class II elastic forces were applied to eight rats in order to evaluate
      their effects on the growth of the snout and the mandible. Eight animals served
      as controls. Lateral cephalograms were taken at the start of the experiment and
      again at the end, 23 days later. The pre- and post-treatment tracings were
      superimposed on the cranial base to measure alterations in snout growth, and on
      metallic implants to measure differences in mandibular growth. As judged by t
      tests, Class II elastic forces caused a significant antero-posterior growth
      inhibition both in the snout and in the mandible.

PMID- 3855418
TI  - The effect of malnutrition on caries development and saliva composition in the
      rat.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect in rats of malnutrition
      on caries development and on some antibacterial substances in saliva. By gastric
      intubation, two groups of ten rats each were fed a liquid basic diet (100% diet),
      and two similar groups were fed the basic diet diluted with an equal volume of
      water to contain 50% of the nutrients of the basic diet (50% diet). One group on
      undiluted and one group on the diluted basic diet were offered sucrose as a
      supplement by mouth 17 times daily, using a programmed feeding machine, and the
      other two groups were offered starch in a similar manner. The extent and depth of
      the caries lesions were five times greater in the low-nourished (50% diet)
      sucrose group in comparison with the group given the undiluted diet supplemented
      with sucrose. The 50% diet group ate more frequently from the offered supplement.
      The 50% diet induced lower salivary lactoperoxidase activities, and there was an
      additive effect of starch as supplement. Higher concentrations of sIgA were found
      in the saliva of animals fed the 50% diet supplemented with sucrose than in those
      fed sucrose and the 100% diet. Significantly greater levels of sIgA and IgG were
      found in the saliva from the 50% diet-sucrose group than in the 50% diet-starch
      group. Plaque scores differed slightly but not significantly between the groups.
      The starch group receiving 100% diet showed a slightly lower level of S. mutans
      infection as compared with the 50% diet-starch group; the caries scores in the
      starch groups did not differ.

PMID- 3855420
TI  - Lysozyme-mediated de-chaining of Streptococcus mutans and its antibacterial
      significance in an acidic environment.
AB  - The ability of physiological amounts of lysozyme to de-chain two serotype c
      strains of Streptococcus mutans was determined. Both human and hen lysozymes were
      equally effective in chain breakage of S. mutans DPR and S. mutans DJR. De
      chaining did not affect growth of cultures, but resulted in finely dispersed
      suspensions, at stationary phase, which were visibly different from untreated
      cultures. Less than 50 micrograms lysozyme per ml culture medium reduced chain
      length to virtually all diplococci and single cells, and this chain disruption
      increased total viable cell count. De-chaining required an active enzyme
      indicating that a degree of hydrolysis of the peptidoglycan occurred at the
      septae of the streptococci. De-chained S. mutans did not survive as well as
      streptococci of normal chain length when incubated under acidic conditions (pH
      5.5), but gross cellular lysis was not apparent. The reduced aciduric property of
      the disrupted chains may have been due to a participation of autolysins or to a
      lethal triggered by the lysozyme-damaged peptidoglycan. De-chaining may be a
      mechanism by which lysozyme could regulate the levels of S. mutans in acidogenic
      plaque samples.

PMID- 3855421
TI  - The more Streptococcus mutans, the more caries on approximal surfaces.
AB  - The relationship between the presence of Streptococcus mutans and caries on
      approximal tooth surfaces was studied in a group of 28 children who were 13 years
      old at baseline. 700 surfaces in the pre-molar and molar region were studied.
      Sampling of S. mutans was performed with a toothpick method at the beginning of
      the study and after one and two years. From bite-wing radiographs, the approximal
      surfaces were recorded as caries-free, decayed, or restored. Progression of
      lesions during the two years was also studied. More new caries lesions and
      progression caries lesions were found on surfaces positive for S. mutans than on
      surfaces without, and the more S. mutans, the more lesions, 52% of the surfaces
      with positive S. mutans findings at all three sampling occasions became carious
      or had caries in a progressive form. Among the surfaces with no detectable S.
      mutans, the corresponding figure was 8%. 80 out of the 530 surfaces diagnosed as
      intact at the start of the study became carious over the two-year period. 69 of
      these were S. mutans-positive at the first and/or second sampling.

PMID- 3855422
TI  - The response of dental amalgam to dynamic loading.
AB  - A conventional (gamma 2-containing) dental amalgam was fatigue-tested at 1800 and
      80 cycles/min, employing uni-axial, sinusoidal loading, with R = -8. Compressive,
      tensile, and creep tests were conducted to characterize the alloy's static
      mechanical behavior. Tests were performed at 37 degrees C on specimens which were
      aged for seven days, at 37 degrees C. Fatigue-tested specimens were
      microscopically examined for fracture surface appearance and crack path. The
      amalgam demonstrated a frequency dependence and a significant reduction in
      fracture strength due to fatigue loading. The fatigue crack path was primarily
      intergranular in the gamma 1 phase and inclined at approximately 45 degrees to
      the principal stress axis. These observations are characteristic of some metals
      when subjected to low-frequency, elevated temperature testing where significant
      grain boundary sliding occurs, and therefore suggest a creep-fatigue interaction
      for this alloy.

PMID- 3855423
TI  - Spectrometric analysis of the influence of metal substrates on the color of metal
      ceramic restorations.
AB  - The development and use of ceramic alloys have created the potential for
      variation in the color of dental porcelain. In order to define the nature of the
      alterations, it is necessary to examine quantitatively the color of dental
      porcelain baked onto ceramic alloys. The purpose of this study was to examine
      spectrometrically where color differences occur in the fabrication process. One
      shade of Vita porcelain was baked onto coupons of three ceramic alloys (high
      gold, palladium-silver, base metal). Eight replications were made in each alloy
      at seven fabrication steps: prepared metal, oxide, first opaque, second opaque,
      first dentin, second dentin, and glaze. Spectrometric analyses were performed for
      each replication at each step. Data were tabulated every 10 nm over the recorded
      380-750-nm range, for conversion to the CIE color measurement system. Tristimulus
      values X, Y, and Z and chromaticity coordinates x and y were calculated.
      Differences from spectrographic inspection were seen among the metal substrate
      series. The greatest variation appeared at the first dentin step between the
      palladium-silver and high-gold alloys and between the palladium-silver and base
      metal alloys. Mean tristimulus values were significantly different (p less than
      0.0001) for all steps and alloys. The distribution of plotted values followed the
      same pattern of spectral changes throughout the seven fabrication steps. Analysis
      of these data shows that color differences of metal-ceramic coupons based on
      dissimilar metal substrates can be quantified, and that spectral reflectance
      values can be converted to CIE notation. As depicted spectrally, notable color
      differences appeared with the first dentin porcelain layer.

PMID- 3855424
TI  - Alternative interpretations of water sorption values of composite resins.
AB  - Water sorption values for direct filling resins and an unfilled resin were much
      more similar at 30 days when expressed as mg/g organic matrix than as mg/cm2 or
      weight percent. This interpretation is indicative of the water sorption
      characteristics of resin matrices. The values are even more indicative when
      solubility or leaching is taken into consideration. With the specimen sizes used
      in this study, the effect of the kinetics of water sorption could be minimized by
      using values obtained after immersion in water for 30 days.

PMID- 3855425
TI  - Danish dental education: a cultural perspective.
AB  - The effects of Danish cultural traditions on dental education in Denmark are
      described, as well as the system's current structure and developing issues. Some
      Danish ideas for future exports of dental education programs and dental personnel
      are also discussed.

PMID- 3855426
TI  - Standardized teaching casts for dental preclinical exercises.

PMID- 3855427
TI  - An evaluation of sequential models in the preclinical laboratory.

PMID- 3855428
TI  - Effects of graphic organizers on learning from lecture.

PMID- 3855429
TI  - First-year enrollment changes in public and private schools.

PMID- 3855430
TI  - Moral reasoning in dental hygiene students.
AB  - Sixty-five students participated in a study designed to identify the level of
      moral reasoning of dental hygiene students. Comparisons were made with typical
      college students and a normative group composed of individuals representing a
      cross-section of ages and educational levels. The relationships among level of
      moral reasoning and clinical performance, other selected academic measures, and
      cognitive style were also assessed. The results indicated that post-certificate
      dental hygiene students reasoned about moral dilemmas at a higher level than the
      normative group and at the same level as the college student group. In addition,
      clinical performance, National Board Dental Hygiene Examination scores, Dental
      Hygiene Aptitude Test (reading scores), high school rank, and cognitive style
      correlated positively with level of moral reasoning and specific stages of moral
      development for postcertificate students.

PMID- 3855431
TI  - A model for two-year and baccalaureate clinical dental hygiene education.

PMID- 3855432
TI  - HLA-DR-dependent variation of intrathecal IgG1 (Gm) allotype synthesis in
      multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) in Caucasians was previously
      shown to be correlated to the presence of given alleles at the HLA-DR and Gm
      loci. We now demonstrate that the humoral immune response in MS central nervous
      system (CNS) is modulated by both loci: the levels of IgG1 subclass and IgG1
      allotypes in cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients depend on both their Gm genotype
      and their HLA-DR2 or HLA-DR7 phenotype. That HLA-DR molecules may either
      participate in a preferential recruitment of IgG1 allotype-producing B cells in
      MS CNS or act after such a selective homing is discussed. These results
      demonstrate that both HLA and Gm loci are synergistically involved in the
      modulation of the humoral immune response.

PMID- 3855433
TI  - Immunotoxin-mediated elimination of clonogenic tumor cells in the presence of
      human bone marrow.
AB  - An immunotoxin was synthesized with pokeweed antiviral protein and an IgG1
      monoclonal antibody directed against human B and pre-B cells. The B43 murine
      monoclonal antibody does not react with normal human bone marrow precursor cells.
      The immunotoxin bound to all Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines that were tested but
      not to human peripheral blood T cells. The ability of antibody-toxin conjugate to
      inhibit human lymphoblast cell lines was checked in a clonogenic assay system.
      The immunotoxin in the presence of chloroquine elicited 5.8 logs of killing of
      Burkitt's lymphoma cells (B-ALL). The efficient inhibition of clonogenic growth
      of B-ALL cells was not affected by the presence of normal bone marrow cells. The
      immunotoxin was not very toxic to pluripotent stem cells; less than 50% of the
      stem cells were lost under conditions where 5.6 logs of clonogenic lymphoma cells
      were eliminated from a 100-fold excess of normal marrow cells. Further, when
      assayed by long-term human bone marrow cultures, immunotoxin treatment did not
      result in a significant loss of pluripotent precursor cells.

PMID- 3855434
TI  - A cell surface ELISA in the mouse using only poly-L-lysine as cell fixative.
AB  - An ELISA using plates coated with mouse spleen cells has been developed for
      analysis of antibodies to cell surface antigens. Such assays have been used
      extensively with human cells or with tumor cells in various species, but
      application to normal mouse lymphocytes has been limited. Use of normal spleen
      cells allows access to the genetic resources offered by recombinant, congenic,
      and mutant mouse strains, in the preparation of cell-coated ELISA plates, the use
      of glutaraldehyde was found to be unnecessary and it was eliminated, thereby
      avoiding the destruction of some cell surface determinants. Poly-L-lysine, which
      was used to treat plates, was found to provide sufficient adherence and
      preservation of the cells. Binding of biotinylated monoclonal antibodies to cells
      could be detected at approximately 10 ng/well. In inhibition assays, unlabeled
      antibodies could be detected at approximately 10 ng/well. Cell-coated plates are
      stable once prepared, and can be stored for months before use. The assay
      described can be used to quantitate levels of antibody to a particular epitope,
      and can also be adapted for screening of fusions for monoclonal antibodies to
      cell surface antigens.

PMID- 3855435
TI  - Alteration in murine epidermal Langerhans cell population by various UV
      irradiations: quantitative and morphologic studies on the effects of various
      wavelengths of monochromatic radiation on Ia-bearing cells.
AB  - The present study was undertaken in order to clarify the exact mode of the
      Langerhans cell (LC) depleting process caused by UV irradiation. Following
      irradiation with a single dose of various wavelengths of monochromatic UV
      radiation (UVR), we studied the number of Ia-positive cells in mouse epidermal
      sheets quantitatively, particularly with regard to dose-response relationship,
      action spectrum, and time course change. In addition, we studied morphologic
      alterations of these cells using electron- and immunoelectron microscopy (EM and
      IEM). We obtained the following results after a single dose of UVB radiation (200
      mJ/cm2 of 300 nm) or PUVA (1% of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) 20 microliter and 1
      J/cm2 of 360 nm): (1) EM and IEM showed that while some LCs simply lost their Ia
      marker without any structural alterations, the majority of the LCs disappeared
      due to actual cell damage. (2) During an "injury phase," the initial 48 h, and a
      "recovery phase," lasting from 4-14 days after irradiation, enlargement of the
      size of remaining Ia-positive LCs occurred. The degree of enlargement was closely
      related to the degree of reduction in number, suggesting a process compensating
      for the loss of the LC population. (3) It was found that the recovery rate of LCs
      after irradiation damage was slower than that of keratinocytes, indicating
      different cell kinetics between these distinct cell populations in the epidermis,
      i.e., restoration of LCs after irradiation seems to be achieved at least
      partially through a repopulation process originating in the bone marrow. Studies
      with irradiation of various monochromatic wavebands, with or without topical 8
      MOP, showed that the action spectrum for Ia-positive cell depletion activity lay
      within the spectrum shorter than 300 nm for UVR alone, and between 320-380 nm for
      8-MOP plus UVR. Since the action spectra were similar to those for keratinocyte
      damage, i.e., sunburn cell formation, induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis, and
      to those for UVR-induced erythema, we conclude that common mechanisms underlie
      these types of tissue damage.

PMID- 3855436
TI  - The influence of parturition on peripheral blood mononuclear phagocyte
      subpopulations in pregnant women.
AB  - Mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) from human peripheral blood were separated on
      discontinuous Percoll gradients into two subpopulations. A high density
      population was isolated which contained less mature MPs, while the MPs in the low
      density population were more mature cells. The proportion of high density MPs was
      found to increase sharply in conjunction with the peripheral blood monocytosis
      associated with parturition in women. The data show that there is a measurable
      response in the circulating MP pool to this acute inflammatory stimulus and that
      this response is manifested as an increase in absolute numbers of both total and
      high density MPs. No significant change was found in the number of low density
      MPs.

PMID- 3855437
TI  - Receptor-mediated entry of peroxidases into the parasitophorous vacuoles of
      macrophages infected with Leishmania Mexicana amazonensis.
AB  - Leishmania amastigotes, obligatory parasites of macrophages, lodge and multiply
      within long-lived phagolysosomelike "parasitophorous vacuoles" (PV). The
      glycoprotein horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was shown, by light and electron
      microscopic cytochemistry, to enter the PVs of rat in vitro-derived bone marrow
      macrophages infected with Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. Uptake was obtained
      both in preinfected macrophages incubated with HRP and in macrophages pulsed with
      HRP, infected, and further incubated in ligand-free medium. Peroxidase positive
      and negative PVs could coexist in the same macrophages. Infected macrophages
      commonly displayed fewer labeled secondary lysosomes than noninfected cells.
      Lactoperoxidase (LP) was also shown, by light microscopy, to enter the PVs of rat
      macrophages. Uptake of HRP and of LP was blocked by mannan, supporting the
      mannose receptor mediated recognition of these ligands. Transfer of HRP to PVs
      was much less efficient in resident mouse peritoneal macrophages, even at 50 X
      higher ligand concentrations. Such macrophages expressed negligible mannose
      receptor function. The efficient mannan-inhibitable uptake of HRP by rat marrow
      macrophages was confirmed biochemically. Bulk HRP uptake in infected and
      noninfected cultures was found to be similar. Peroxidases should be useful in
      further studies of endocytosis by Leishmania-infected macrophages and in the
      development of lysosomotropic macrophage-targeted drug carriers.

PMID- 3855438
TI  - Induction of neovascularization and nonlymphoid mesenchymal cell proliferation by
      macrophage cell lines.
AB  - The mature murine macrophage-like cells NCTC-3749 and J-774, the immature human
      macrophage-like cells U-937-1, and their conditioned media exhibited potent
      angiogenic activity in rat corneas and stimulated proliferation of bovine aortic
      endothelial cells (BAEC) and DNA synthesis in BALB/c-3T3 cells in culture. In
      contrast, the immature human macrophage-like cells HL-60 and their conditioned
      media either failed to produce or release detectable quantities of these
      activities. Exposure of HL-60 cells to phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA) did not
      enhance expression of angiogenic and growth stimulating activities by these
      cells. Both the angiogenic and growth stimulating activities appear to be
      mediated by a factor(s) that has biochemical properties in common with macrophage
      derived growth factor (MDGF) produced by normal rat peritoneal macrophages. These
      results suggest that NCTC-3749, J-774, and U-937-1 macrophage-like cell lines may
      be a useful source for the large scale production and characterization of MDGF
      and macrophage-derived angiogenic activity.

PMID- 3855439
TI  - A lectinlike receptor on murine macrophage cell line cells, Mm1: involvement of
      sialic acid-binding sites in opsonin-independent phagocytosis for xenogeneic red
      cells.
AB  - The recognition mechanism of xenogenic red cells by mouse macrophages was studied
      by using established cell lines. Approximately 30% of cell line cells Mm1 which
      lack la antigen, as well as of thioglycollate-induced peritoneal macrophages from
      SL/Am mice (TGC-M phi) could ingest unopsonized quail red cells (QRC). In
      contrast, an undifferentiated type of cell line, M1-, and another type of
      macrophage cell line, Mk1-C, possessing accessory cell activity in association
      with the expression of la antigen, had no phagocytic activity for QRC.
      Approximately 80% of Mm1 cells, as well as TGC-M phi formed rosettes with QRC,
      whereas M1- and Mk1-C cells did not; indicating that specific binding sites for
      QRC are expressed on a large portion of Mm1 and TGC-M phi but not on M1- and Mk1
      C cells. No requirement of divalent cation (Mg++, Ca++) and metabolic energy was
      observed for rosette formation between Mm1 cells and QRC. Protease treatment of
      Mm1 cells eliminated the rosetting activity, whereas periodate oxidation of
      glycosidase treatment slightly enhanced this activity, suggesting the involvement
      of surface protein in binding sites of Mm1 cells. In contrast to these findings
      on Mm1 cells, binding components of QRC were sensitive to periodate oxidation or
      neuraminidase treatment but resistant to protease, suggesting that the terminal
      sialic acid residues of carbohydrate of QRC are recognized by Mm1 cells.
      Furthermore, N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) inhibited the rosette formation and
      promoted the dissociation of rosettes already formed. N-Acetylneuramin lactose
      (Neu-NAc-Lact) was more efficient in rosette inhibition than NeuNAc. These sugars
      also blocked the phagocytosis of QRC by Mm1 cells but had no effect on either Fc
      mediated phagocytosis or latex ingestion. These results suggest that phagocytosis
      of QRC by murine macrophages is mediated by protease-sensitive binding sites
      recognizing terminal sialic acid residues of QRC in conjunction with additional
      carbohydrates.

PMID- 3855440
TI  - Endothelial cells enhance the human pokeweed mitogen lymphocyte response.
AB  - The effect of endothelial cells (EC) on lymphocyte mitogen responses was
      examined. Irradiated or mitomycin C treated EC were co-cultured with allogeneic
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM), and proliferative responses to pokeweed
      mitogen (PWM) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were assessed by 3H-thymidine
      incorporation. Compared to lymphocyte responses in the absence of EC, EC co
      culture enhanced PWM responses at 72 hours by 55 +/- 28%, 103 +/- 24%, and 96 +/-
      9% at EC:PBM ratios of 1:30, 1:10, and 1:3, respectively. The EC co-culture also
      resulted in significant lymphocyte responses to otherwise submitogenic doses of
      PWM (10(-4) micrograms/ml) as well as an accelerated kinetics of response. There
      was no effect of EC on PHA responses. The EC effect appeared not to require cell
      contact for its expression; however, supernates of EC cultures were not capable
      of reproducing the effect. On a cell-for-cell basis, EC were more potent in
      enhancing responses of adherent-cell-depleted lymphocytes than either allogeneic
      or syngeneic monocytes. Fibroblasts could not substitute for EC in enhancing PWM
      response, suggesting that the effect was not a nonspecific feeder phenomenon. The
      EC may play a role in modulating some immune responses in vivo, especially those
      occurring in areas of inflammation, neovascularization, and endothelial cell
      proliferation.

PMID- 3855441
TI  - Antileukocyte activity I. Systemic inhibition of cellular emigration following
      local inflammation.
AB  - Inflammation in progress at one site decreases edema formation at a second and
      separate inflammatory focus. This clinically important phenomenon is known as
      counter-irritation. Since its effect on leukocyte responses has not been defined,
      we investigated in rats the systemic anti-inflammatory effect of local irritant
      injection on cellular emigration, particularly monocytes. Macrophage accumulation
      at a subcutaneous inflammatory site was severely depressed by prior
      intraperitoneal irritant injection despite continued macrophage accumulation in
      the peritoneal cavity and normal circulating monocyte levels. The phenomenon also
      existed in the peritoneal cavity to subcutaneously administered irritants and
      involved PMNs as readily as macrophages. Anti-inflammation occurred only when the
      counter-irritant was injected before or simultaneously with the measured
      inflammatory response while the degree and duration of inhibition depended upon
      the nature and amount of counter-irritant injected. These studies demonstrate
      that local inflammation inhibits leukocyte reactivity. Transplantation of
      syngeneic tumor but not normal cells also produced a depression in macrophage
      inflammatory responses. This inhibition differed from counter-irritation by not
      affecting granulocytes and by being transient despite tumor persistence.

PMID- 3855442
TI  - Antileukocyte activity II. Induction of tolerance to systemic anti-inflammation
      associated with local irritation and major surgery.
AB  - Anergy associated with cancer or major surgery may derive from the systemic
      antileukocyte effect induced by local inflammatory reactions (counter
      irritation). Since the mechanism of the latter phenomenon is unknown, we
      approached the problem by asking if tolerance develops to repeated local irritant
      injections. Our results demonstrate that both tolerance and cross-desensitization
      occur rapidly to inflammatory agents (inflammagens) such as proteose peptone,
      thioglycollate, and carrageenan but not to the mitogens Con A, PHA-P, or LPS
      which also induce local inflammation. We interpret this data as supporting the
      notion that a common mechanism underlies the counter-irritant action of
      inflammagens but that injection of mitogens induces an additional mechanism of
      anti-inflammation distinguished from the former by its lack of tolerance
      induction. Based upon cross-desensitization experiments, we show that the anti
      inflammatory effect of surgical amputation is analogous to that induced by
      inflammagens. In contrast, the systemic anti-inflammatory effect of tumor
      bearing, like that induced by mitogens, resists cross-desensitization suggesting
      that its mediation is not caused solely by the mechanism common to the counter
      irritant action of inflammagens or major surgery.

PMID- 3855443
TI  - Hepatitis B virus markers in children with acute leukemia: the effect of
      chemotherapy.
AB  - Hepatitis B virus markers were tested in the serum of 49 children with acute
      leukemia on clinical presentation and during subsequent chemotherapy. Hepatitis B
      surface antigenemia was observed in only six patients (12%), none of whom
      progressed to chronic infection. Chemotherapy had a marked suppressive effect on
      the production of antibodies to hepatitis B virus antigens and overt infection
      occurred in two children after suppression of protective immunity. Evidence of
      liver damage was frequently observed and was largely independent of serologic
      data. These results indicate that active immunization with hepatitis B vaccine
      may not find a clear place in this clinical setting.

PMID- 3855446
TI  - Regional pulmonary distribution of krypton-81m gas delivered by different
      breathing systems.
AB  - Regional pulmonary distribution of 81mKr gas delivered by three breathing systems
      was determined. Data from 18 patients were analyzed. Posterior images were
      obtained using each breathing system in turn. Distribution of Kr gas was
      determined in terms of penetration and zonal indices. For penetration indices
      each lung was divided into a central, intermediate, and peripheral region and
      these indices, defined as the ratio of counts/cell in the intermediate or the
      peripheral region over those in the central region, were calculated. For the
      zonal indices each lung was divided equally into upper and lower zones and the
      percentage ratio of the counts in each zone to the total counts in both lungs was
      calculated. For all patients, in addition, the size, height, and width of each
      lung were determined from computer images. These parameters were compared between
      the breathing systems using a paired t-test. It was found that there were no
      statistical differences among the three breathing systems, either in the regional
      pulmonary distribution of the 81mKr gas or in the overall shapes of the lungs.

PMID- 3855445
TI  - Postirradiation cerebellar glioma. Case report.
AB  - A 13-year-old girl developed an anaplastic astrocytoma of the cerebellum 7 years
      after irradiation of the central nervous system and prophylactic chemotherapy for
      acute lymphocytic leukemia. The fact that the astrocytoma was anaplastic and
      infiltrative was unusual for astroglial tumors at this site. It is proposed that
      this is a radiation-induced glioma.

PMID- 3855444
TI  - Intensive combination chemotherapy (ROAP 10) and splenectomy in the management of
      chronic myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - To investigate the role of intensive chemotherapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia
      (CML), we treated 37 patients who had Philadelphia-positive benign-phase disease
      with rubidazone 300 mg/m2/d 1 (or daunorubicin 30 mg/m2/d X 4), cytosine
      arabinoside 80 mg/m2/d X 10, vincristine 2 mg/d 1, and prednisone 100 mg/d X 5
      (ROAP 10), every four weeks for a median of three cycles. This treatment was
      followed by splenectomy and by subsequent maintenance therapy with 1 to 5 g
      hydroxyurea daily in intermittent courses. After a median follow-up of 42 months
      (range, 24 to 54 months), 20 patients (54%) remain in benign phase. The projected
      median survival is 52 months, and the three-year survival rate is 67%. Six
      patients (16%) developed blastic crisis, and eight died in the benign phase. A
      significant cytogenetic response, defined as a fall in the percentage of
      Philadelphia-positive cells to less than or equal to 30%, occurred in 18 (53%) of
      34 patients who had serial cytogenetic studies. Six patients (18%) had reductions
      to 35% to 90%, whereas ten remained 100% positive. Cytogenetic response lasted
      for a median of six months from the time of maximal response (range, 1 to 18
      months). Blastic crisis or accelerated disease developed in seven (44%) of the 16
      patients who manifested minimal or no cytogenetic response, compared to only two
      of the 18 patients (11%) who achieved a significant cytogenetic response.
      Toxicity, which resulted in one death, was due to myelosuppression and consisted
      of febrile episodes during neutropenia (24% of courses), documented infections
      (8% of courses), and bleeding (8% of courses). ROAP 10 intensive therapy produces
      moderate survival improvement for CML patients compared to a matched historical
      control group of patients treated at our institution, but it has considerable
      myelosuppressive toxicity. The Philadelphia chromosome response is an important
      treatment-related prognostic factor.

PMID- 3855447
TI  - Diagnosis of temporomandibular joint pain in patients seen at a pain clinic.
AB  - A retrospective survey of a pain clinic population found 43 patients (2.6% of the
      total population) who had pain in the temporomandibular joint region. The
      clinical presentation of these patients did not differ greatly from that observed
      with typical responsive temporomandibular joint pain; however, important
      discriminating factors were duration of the pain, a strong history of pain
      elsewhere in the body, and major psychiatric disturbance. The diagnosis was
      atypical facial pain in 39 (90%) of the cases; other diagnoses included
      glossopharyngeal neuralgia and perineural invasion by adenocystic carcinoma.
      Although the various treatment strategies employed resulted in an improvement of
      pain in 63% of cases, there was often a subsequent development of pain elsewhere
      in the body or other disturbances.

PMID- 3855448
TI  - Glycogen-rich adenocarcinoma of a minor salivary gland.
AB  - A case of a glycogen-rich adenocarcinoma arising in the minor salivary glands of
      the hard palate is described. The clinical, light microscopic, histochemical, and
      ultrastructural findings supporting this diagnosis are presented.

PMID- 3855450
TI  - Spontaneous regeneration of a unilaterally absent mandibular condyle.

PMID- 3855452
TI  - Squamous odontogenic fibroma.

PMID- 3855449
TI  - The correction of mandibular deformity due to Paget's disease of bone.

PMID- 3855451
TI  - Mandibular gingival metastasis from a rectal adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 3855454
TI  - Sublabial antrostomy.

PMID- 3855453
TI  - Fiberoptic antroscopy.
AB  - Radiographs of the maxillary sinus can be difficult to interpret, and, on
      occasion, they can be equivocal or even misleading. Although tomography or
      computerized tomography may help, these investigations are time consuming and are
      not universally available. Use of the rigid fiber optic antroscope may represent
      a viable alternative for the method of examination of the maxillary antrum that
      is quick and able to be performed as an office procedure using local anesthesia.
      The procedure is well tolerated and associated with a very low morbidity.

PMID- 3855455
TI  - Medicolegal aspects of lingual nerve injury.

PMID- 3855456
TI  - Anesthesia or sedation?

PMID- 3855457
TI  - The art of doing nothing.

PMID- 3855459
TI  - Components of adult Class II open-bite malocclusion.
AB  - In an effort to identify the frequency and distribution of the dental and
      skeletal components of adult Class II malocclusion with and without open-bite,
      124 adults, half of whom had an anterior open-bite, were evaluated. Significant
      differences (P less than 0.05) between the open-bite and non-open-bite groups
      were found for the following measurements: the posterior maxilla exhibited
      vertical excess in the open-bite group; the maxillary occlusal plane was less
      steep in the open-bite group; the mandibular occlusal plane was more steep in the
      open-bite group; the gonial angle was higher in the open-bite group; the
      mandibular plane angle was higher in the open-bite group; the mandibular ramus
      was positioned in a more downward and backward (clockwise) location in the open
      bite group; the total and lower anterior facial height were increased in the open
      bite group; and the mandible was less protrusive in the open-bite group. No
      significant intergroup differences were noted in the cranial base, the
      anteroposterior position of the maxilla or of the upper and lower incisors, the
      palatal plane, posterior facial height, mandibular ramus height, or mandibular
      body length. The results of this analysis indicate that the average Class II open
      bite malocclusion is characterized by aberrations in both the maxilla and the
      mandible. Therapy, therefore, may frequently require surgical intervention in
      both jaws to successfully correct this deformity.

PMID- 3855458
TI  - Effects of smokeless tobacco and snuff on oral mucosa of experimental animals.
AB  - The effects of smokeless tobacco on oral mucosa were studied in 60 Syrian
      hamsters. Histologic study of the buccal pouch mucosa revealed no significant
      pathologic changes at either ten or 20 weeks after the start of the experiment.
      However, studies on epithelial whole mounts revealed a statistically significant
      decrease in mitotic activity and a statistically significant increase in the
      number of Langerhans' cells in animals subjected to daily use of tobacco or snuff
      for 20 weeks.

PMID- 3855460
TI  - Analysis of the direct effects of prostaglandins on human sperm function.
AB  - Time-exposure photomicrography and interspecies in-vitro fertilization procedures
      have been used to examine the influence of prostaglandins on human sperm
      function. An analysis of variance indicated that the presence of PGs in the
      incubation media was associated with a significant increase in sperm velocity and
      the frequency of sperm head rotation, although there were no differences between
      individual PGs in the degree of stimulation observed. Changes in the penetrating
      ability of human spermatozoa were detected after exposure to PGs, particularly
      PGE-1 and PGE-2. PGE-2 induced a sustained increase in penetration rates at all
      doses of greater than 8.4 micrograms/ml, while exposure to PGE-1 gave a bell
      shaped dose-response curve which exhibited a peak between 8.4 and 33.3
      micrograms/ml and progressively fell to reach control levels at the maximum
      concentration tested of 270 micrograms/ml. A combination of PGE-2 and PGE-1
      produced a dose-response curve similar to that for PGE-1 alone, while exposure to
      PGF-2 alpha was without effect. Seminal extracts containing predominantly 19
      hydroxy PGE-1, or equal amounts of 19-hydroxy PGE-1 + 2 induced a slight, but
      significant, rise in penetration rates while a combination of PGs representing
      the major components of human seminal plasma was without significant effect. We
      conclude that certain prostaglandins may have a direct action on the functional
      competence of human spermatozoa.

PMID- 3855461
TI  - New Jersey's pharmaceutical industry.

PMID- 3855462
TI  - Participatory ethics committees: a model for lay and medical collaboration.

PMID- 3855463
TI  - Case report: bronchiolitis obliterans with multinodular lung densities and
      lymphoma.

PMID- 3855464
TI  - Case report: intraosseous gouty tophus.

PMID- 3855465
TI  - Case report: cardiorespiratory failure due to recurrent pectus excavatum
      deformity.

PMID- 3855466
TI  - Case report: approach to the diagnosis of sea-blue histiocytosis in a community
      setting.

PMID- 3855467
TI  - Influenza vaccine.

PMID- 3855468
TI  - Risk prevention.

PMID- 3855469
TI  - Family practice in hospitals.

PMID- 3855470
TI  - Coronary spasm, prostaglandin and HLA factors.
AB  - To elucidate the contribution of prostanoids in coronary spasm, plasma levels of
      thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto PGF1 alpha at the coronary sinus and ascending
      aorta in 21 patients with variant angina were measured, as compared with findings
      in 20 with effort angina and 13 subjects with normal coronaries. In the coronary
      sinus blood, plasma TXB2 in patients with effort angina exhibited statistically
      significant high levels, as compared with data in the controls. On the contrary,
      the data obtained from patients with variant angina were not statistically
      significant. However, eight patients whose coronary angiogram revealed more than
      50% of coronary stenoses had statistically significant high levels of TXB2 and
      other patients with normal coronaries or less than 50% of narrowing showed almost
      the same levels of TXB2 as the controls. In contrast to TXB2, the plasma levels
      of 6-keto PGF1 alpha in patients with variant angina were very low in both groups
      with variant angina. These data suggest that high levels of TXB2 observed in
      patients with atherosclerotic coronaries may be an accelerating factor while low
      levels of prostacyclin may be an essential factor leading to spasm. HLA analysis
      of 23 patients with variant angina was performed to search for genetic factors,
      under the hypothesis that such may contribute to the low levels in prostacyclin.
      This preliminary study revealed statistically significant high frequencies of
      Bw52 and B-40 in the patients, as compared with frequencies among 152 normal
      Japanese. Genetic studies are ongoing in our clinic.

PMID- 3855471
TI  - Long-term mortality study of oil refinery workers. IV. Exposure to the
      lubricating-dewaxing process.
AB  - A retrospective cohort mortality study of 1,008 male oil refinery workers who
      ever worked on the lubricating-dewaxing process of the lube oil department and
      who have been followed for a period of 43 years is presented. These workers were
      exposed to a number of solvents, primarily methyl ethyl ketone [(MEK) CAS: 78-93
      3] and toluene (CAS: 108-88-3), but at levels far below the current Occupational
      Safety and Health Administration's standard. The standardized mortality ratio
      (SMR) for all causes (0.70) and the SMR for cancer (0.86) are much lower than
      unity when they are compared to the mortality experience of the U.S. population.
      Also observed in this study were 8 prostate cancer deaths (4.4 expected) with an
      SMR of 1.82, which was not statistically significant (P = .16). Seven of these 8
      prostate cancer deaths occurred among nonwhite males, who showed an SMR of 2.47
      (P = 0.53). However, only 1 prostate cancer death was seen among workers
      specifically assigned to the MEK units. The remaining deaths occurred among
      maintenance workers who had lube oil department-wide assignments. This cancer
      risk increased with increasing duration of employment in the lube oil department.
      A latency of 20 years or more was also observed for these prostate cancer deaths.
      In this study the processing of lubricating oils was found to be at least as
      important as the MEK solvents, and department-wide maintenance workers were as
      much at risk as the MEK unit workers. In view of this finding and findings
      obtained by others, it seems prudent to continue to study lubricating-dewaxing
      process workers, including the medical monitoring of all such workers for
      prostate cancer.

PMID- 3855472
TI  - Vinca alkaloid skin toxicity: antidote and drug disposition studies in the mouse.
AB  - A murine (BALB/c) skin toxicity model was used to evaluate various possible
      antagonists to vinca alkaloid-induced skin ulceration. Reproducible dose-response
      relationships were developed for vinblastine (VBL) and vindesine (VDS). With
      vincristine (VCR) only about 70% of mice developed dose-dependent ulceration. On
      an equal weight basis, VCR proved to be significantly more toxic than either VBL
      or VDS (P less than .05 by Student's t-test). Effective local intradermal
      antidotes to VBL, VDS, and VCR included hyaluronidase, normal saline, and calcium
      leucovorin (P less than .05 by the Student's Newman-Keuls multiple range test).
      Mild, topical skin heating significantly reduced VCR ulceration. In contrast,
      diphenhydramine and sodium bicarbonate were ineffective as local antidotes.
      Topical skin cooling, however, significantly increased vinca-induced skin ulcers
      for VBL, VDS, and VCR (P less than .05). Hydrocortisone, vitamin A topical cream,
      and isoproterenol increased skin toxicity. [3H]VBL was given intradermally to
      follow the drug's pharmacokinetic disposition from the skin and adherent
      panniculus carnosus muscle. [3H]VBL exhibited two phases of elimination: a rapid
      early phase [half-life (t 1/2) of approximately equal to 30 min] and a prolonged
      terminal phase (t 1/2 of approximately equal to 17 hr). The application of heat
      increased the distributive, early phase by 0.5-2.5 hours and did not enhance the
      terminal elimination of the drug from skin. Intradermal hyaluronidase
      significantly reduced the area under the ulceration multiplied by the time curve
      to one-seventh the control value, the peak [3H]VBL skin concentration to one-half
      the control value and the terminal [3H]VBL t 1/2 in skin to one-third the control
      level (P less than .05 by Student's t-test). These results show hyaluronidase to
      be an effective antidote for vinca-induced skin ulceration. Local
      glucocorticosteroids and topical cooling are definitely contraindicated in the
      management of inadvertent vinca alkaloid extravasations.

PMID- 3855474
TI  - Evidence concerning the clonal nature of chemically induced tumors:
      phosphoglycerate kinase-1 isozyme patterns in chemically induced fibrosarcomas.
AB  - Subcutaneous fibrosarcomas were induced chemically in mosaic mice heterozygous at
      the Pgk-1 locus on the X-chromosome. The normal tissues of these animals
      displayed two electrophoretically distinct isozymes of phosphoglycerate kinase-1
      [(PGK-1) EC 2.7.2.3]. The tumors were carefully dissected and analyzed with
      respect to PGK-1 isozymes. A combination method of multiple sampling of the
      primary tumor and establishment of tissue culture cell lines from the tumor was
      utilized. A total of 82 samples was studied from 10 tumors developed in 9 mice.
      Twenty cell lines were established from 9 tumors; 6 of the tumors were shown to
      contain neoplastic cells of exclusively PGK-1B activity, 3 of the tumors were
      shown to contain neoplastic cells of exclusively PGK-1A activity, and 1 tumor
      contained neoplastic cells with both PGK-1A and PGK-1B activities. The tumor with
      both A and B activities was hourglass shaped, and the pattern of activity from
      multiple samples of this tumor suggests that it was formed by the coalescence of
      a PGK-1A and a PGK-1B tumor. The data presented are concordant with results from
      chimeric animals and spontaneous tumors in humans and indicate that these tumors
      display the behavior of clonal growths.

PMID- 3855473
TI  - Long-term responses of the mouse uterus to neonatal diethylstilbestrol treatment
      and to later sex hormone exposure.
AB  - The effects of ovariectomy at 1 month of age and continuous 17 beta-estradiol
      (E2) and/or progesterone (P) replacement on the uterus of BALB/cCrgl mice
      neonatally treated with diethylstilbestrol [(DES) CAS: 56-53-1; alpha-alpha'
      diethyl-4,4'-stilbenediol] or sesame oil were recorded after 1, 4, 7, and 10
      months of treatment. DES-exposed uteri were found to be hypoplastic, less
      responsive to the growth-promoting effects of E2, and more likely to develop
      smooth muscle abnormalities after continuous hormonal treatment than similarly
      treated control uteri. Neonatal DES treatment led to leukocytic infiltration,
      disruption in the organization of the inner circular smooth muscle layer, and
      development of a population of epithelial cells believed to respond to later E2
      treatment by proliferation and stratification (squamous metaplasia). Qualitative
      and quantitative responses to continuous P treatment and the development of
      cystic glandular hyperplasia and adenomyosis were found to be unaltered by
      neonatal DES administration. The relevance of these results to the problems of
      uterine abnormalities observed in women exposed to DES in utero is discussed.

PMID- 3855475
TI  - Species-specific differences in toxicity of antimitotic agents toward cultured
      mammalian cells.
AB  - Toxicities of various microtubule inhibitors, namely, colchicine,
      podophyllotoxin, maytansine, vinblastine, nocodazole, griseofulvin, and
      steganacine, toward numerous independently established cell lines from three
      different species, namely, human, mouse, and Chinese hamster, were examined. Some
      of these inhibitors (namely, colchicine, vinblastine, taxol, and maytansine) were
      found to exhibit large (between tenfold and fiftyfold) differences in their toxic
      and antimitotic concentrations toward various cell lines and these differences
      appeared to be species related inasmuch as all cell lines from a particular
      species showed similar sensitivities toward these inhibitors. Of the three
      species examined, cells of human origin exhibited maximum sensitivity toward
      these inhibitors while Chinese hamster cells were found to be most resistant. The
      reduced cellular transport of [3H]colchicine and [3H]vinblastine in Chinese
      hamster cells as compared to the cellular transport in human cells and the
      equivalent binding of [3H]colchicine and [3H]vinblastine to microtubule proteins
      in cell extracts from both these lines provided strong evidence that the observed
      differences in toxicity to these inhibitors were most likely caused by
      differences in the cellular transport of these drugs. In contrast to the
      toxicities of the above compounds, the toxicities of other microtubule inhibitors
      such as podophyllotoxin, steganacine, griseofulvin, and nocodazole were found to
      be very similar for cells from all three species, indicating that the cellular
      transport of these 2 groups of microtubule inhibitors differed in some important
      respect. Some implications of the observed species-specific differences in drug
      toxicity to clinical studies are discussed.

PMID- 3855476
TI  - Transformation-associated increase of adhesion, cellular fibronectin, and stress
      fiber development in a liver epithelial cell line.
AB  - Cytoskeletal and adhesion characteristics of DL-ethionine (CAS: 67-21-0)
      transformed rat liver epithelial cells (ETC) were compared with those of
      nontumorigenic, untreated cells of the same cell line both at the same passage
      level as ETC and at an early low passage level. ETC and high-passage-level cells
      (HPC) showed increased cell spreading and prominent actin stress fibers compared
      to low-passage-level cells (LPC). The number of adhesion plaques per unit cell
      area was higher for ETC than for LPC. At confluence, fibronectin expression was
      high for ETC, moderate for HPC, and low for LPC. The observed increases in cell
      spreading and in actin and fibronectin expression appeared to be associated with
      transformation of this cell line rather than being specific responses to
      ethionine treatment. This conclusion is suggested by the fact that HPC, which
      display preneoplastic markers, are similar in many respects to ETC.

PMID- 3855477
TI  - Microautoradiographic localization of bound metabolites in the nasal cavities of
      F344 rats treated with the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3
      pyridyl)-1-butanone.
AB  - 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), the tobacco-specific N
      nitrosamine, labeled with 14C on the carbonyl group, was given iv or orally to
      F334 rats. The animals were killed 4 hours later, and the localization of bound
      radioactivity in the nasal cavities was studied by light microscopic
      autoradiography. The strongest labeling was observed in the following groups of
      glands situated in the lamina propria mucosae: 1) Bowman's glands in the
      olfactory region, 2) the group of serous glands situated in the anterior half of
      the nasal septum beneath the respiratory epithelium, 3) the group of serous
      glands in the middle portion of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and 4) the
      lateral nasal gland (Steno's gland) located lateroventrally to the maxillary
      sinus. The group of mucous glands in the septum in connection with Jacobson's
      organ and the group of glands in connection with the dorsal, medial, and lateral
      parts of the maxillary sinus were not labeled. The olfactory and respiratory
      surface epithelia in the various parts of the nasal cavity were only weakly
      labeled. These results indicate that Bowman's glands, some serous glands, and
      Steno's glands are the principal sites where NNK is activated to alkylating
      species.

PMID- 3855479
TI  - Lipopolysaccharide stimulation of plasmacytoma cells.
AB  - Various preparations of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were tested for their effect on
      6 plasma tumor cell lines. LPS from Escherichia coli B5:055, Salmonella minnesota
      1114, and R7 mutant, as well as the glycolipid from S. minnesota 595 were highly
      stimulatory on cell suspensions from solid transplantable plasma tumor cells MOPC
      315 and MPC11, as measured by thymidine incorporation and cell proliferation.
      Even nanogram doses were effective. LPS preparations from S. minnesota R5 and
      endotoxin-free cell wall residues of R5 and R7 mutants of S. minnesota had no
      stimulatory effect on these cells. In contrast, 4 lines of tissue culture-adapted
      plasma tumor cells (Adj PC5, HOPC-1, MOPC-21, and MPC11 TC) were not affected by
      any LPS preparation tested. Lymphosarcoma P1798 cells were also unaffected by
      these LPS.

PMID- 3855478
TI  - Prostaglandin E2 production by EL 4 leukemia cells from C57BL/6 mice: mechanism
      for tumor dissemination.
AB  - Murine EL 4 leukemia cells contained and secreted prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2
      was secreted into the culture media during in vitro growth, as well as into
      plasma during growth in the peritoneum of inbred C57BL/6 mice. For the study of
      the role of PGE2 in tumor dissemination, migration of EL 4 cells out of glass
      capillary tubes was used as an in vitro model for tumor spread in a host. PGE2
      enhanced the in vitro migration of EL 4 cells while indomethacin, a prostaglandin
      synthesis inhibitor, reduced the extent of migration. When EL 4 cells were
      allowed to migrate into medium containing both indomethacin and PGE2, the cells
      exhibited an enhanced migration ability suggesting an extrinsic effect on cells
      by PGE2. The participation of tumor-derived PGE2 in promoting tumor spread in a
      host was supported by demonstration that EL 4 cells grown in indomethacin-treated
      mice secreted less PGE2 and had reduced in vivo dissemination ability. These
      results indicated that tumor spread was promoted by tumor-derived PGE2. The
      extent of migration and dissemination can be reduced by prostaglandin synthesis
      inhibitors such as indomethacin.

PMID- 3855480
TI  - Differences in activity of N2-guanine tRNA methyltransferase II among several
      inbred strains of mice.
AB  - The tRNA methyltransferase activities of C57BL/6J, C57L/J, C58/J, AKR/J, and
      C3H/HeJ inbred mice were studied with the use of various amino acid-specific
      Escherichia coli tRNA's as substrates. Mice from two strains with high incidence
      of spontaneous leukemia (AKR/J and C58/J) exhibited levels of liver N2-guanine
      tRNA methyltransferase II (N2-MeGII) activity that were double those of two
      strains of mice with low incidence of spontaneous leukemia (C57BL/6J and C57L/J).
      Activities of liver and kidney N2-MeGII of the high spontaneous hepatoma strain
      C3H/HeJ were also found to be twice as high as those of C57BL/6J mice. The
      activities of other tRNA base-specific liver tRNA methyltransferases were very
      similar in all strains studied. The N2-MeGII activity of the F1 progeny of a
      cross between C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ showed levels of activity intermediate to
      those of the parental strains. Activities of liver N2-MeGII of two inbred strains
      of mice that differ in their H-2 haplotype (C57BL/10SnJ and the congenic strain
      B10.BR/SgSnJ) were also compared. Both C57BL/10SnJ and B10.BR/SgSnJ strains
      exhibited low levels of liver N2-MeGII activity, indicating that H-2 does not
      directly control the activity of this enzyme.

PMID- 3855481
TI  - Effect of pregnancy and nursing on the growth of metastases from N-nitroso-N
      methylurea-induced mammary carcinomas.
AB  - Pregnancy increased the survival times of inbred BUF/N rats bearing occult
      metastasis of a mammary carcinoma at the time of conception. Nursing following
      delivery nullified the effect of pregnancy. The similarity of the controlled
      experimental data with the limited clinical observations is noted. An
      experimental model of rat mammary carcinoma has been described that possesses a
      highly metastasizing capacity and can be utilized to study the behavior of
      clinically silent metastasis.

PMID- 3855482
TI  - Trisodium nitriloacetate monohydrate: promoting effect in urinary bladder
      carcinogenesis in rats treated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine.
AB  - The effect of trisodium nitrilotriacetate monohydrate [(Na3NTA X H2O) CAS: 18662
      53-8] on development of urinary bladder tumors in rats initiated with N-butyl-N
      (4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine [(BBN) CAS: 3817-11-6] was studied. Twenty-one male
      inbred W rats 6 weeks of age were given drinking water containing 500 ppm of BBN
      for 4 weeks and then put on diet containing 10,000 ppm of Na3NTA X H2O for 28
      weeks. Na3NTA X H2O promoted the development of urinary bladder tumors in rats
      treated with BBN. The incidences of papilloma and transitional cell carcinomas in
      the urinary bladder were 90% (18/20) and 25% (4/20), respectively, in rats
      treated with BBN and then Na3NTA X H2O and 0 in those treated with BBN or Na3NTA
      X H2O alone. The incidence of papillary or nodular hyperplasia in week 32 was
      100% (20/20) in rats treated with BBN and then Na3NTA X H2O and 61% (13/21) in
      rats treated with BBN only.

PMID- 3855483
TI  - Genetics of susceptibility of rats to trigeminal schwannomas induced by neonatal
      administration of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea.
AB  - A genetic analysis was done on the induction of trigeminal schwannomas by N-ethyl
      N-nitrosourea [(ENU) CAS: 759-73-9] in susceptible LE rats, resistant WF rats,
      and their F1, F2, and reciprocal backcross hybrids. Both sexes of all strains
      were given a neonatal sc injection of 40 mg ENU/kg body weight and were
      sacrificed at 6 months after treatment. Many neurogenic tumors were induced in
      the central nervous system of all strains of rats. However, the incidence of
      trigeminal schwannomas in LE rats was 93% in males and 86% in females, whereas in
      WF rats the incidence was 24% in males and 20% in females. F1 and F2 hybrids
      showed an intermediate susceptibility (62 and 82% in F1 males, 79 and 86% in F2
      males, 26 and 38% in F1 females, and 65 and 77% in F2 females). The incidence in
      hybrids backcrossed to LE was high (90 and 100% in males and 77 and 83% in
      females), and the incidence in hybrids backcrossed to WF was low (35 and 38% in
      males and 11 and 7% in females). The findings suggest that susceptibility to the
      induction of trigeminal schwannomas by ENU does not result from the expression of
      genes that are simple dominant or recessive genes. A genetic model involving
      three independently segregating loci may explain the experimental results. In all
      strains of rats, particularly the F1 hybrids, males were more susceptible than
      females to the induction of trigeminal schwannomas by ENU.

PMID- 3855484
TI  - Potential toxic side effects of folic acid.

PMID- 3855485
TI  - Uptake of methotrexate linked to polyclonal and monoclonal antimelanoma
      antibodies by a human melanoma cell line.
AB  - [3H] Methotrexate [( 3H]MTX) was covalently linked to monoclonal antibody (MoAb)
      225.28S against human melanoma, to a rabbit anti-human melanoma IgG absorbed
      either with human red blood cells (AHMGR) or with red blood cells and a variety
      of normal human tissues (AHMGR + T), or to normal rabbit IgG (NRG). Human
      melanoma M21 cells were incubated at 0 degrees C or 37 degrees C with 10 microM
      free MTX or 10 microM MTX linked to one of the above carriers. The order of net
      uptake of MTX during 6 hours was MTX-MoAb 225.28S greater than MTX-AHMGR greater
      than MTX-AHMGR + T greater than MTX-NRG greater than or equal to MTX. This order
      of uptake by the three antibody conjugates corresponded to the amount of
      conjugate bound at equilibrium at 0 degrees C and to the immunofluorescence
      titers. Binding sites for MoAb 225.28S were more efficient for internalization of
      MTX than were those for the two polyclonal antibody preparations. When M21 cells
      preloaded with MTX by incubation at a drug concentration of 1.0 or 10 microM were
      incubated in drug-free medium, the amount of cell-associated MTX rapidly declined
      to 1.8 pmol/mg protein, i.e., the level of intracellular dihydrofolate reductase
      (DHFR). However, when cells preloaded to a drug content of 112 pmol/mg protein by
      incubation with 10 microM MTX linked to AHMGR were transferred to conjugate-free
      medium, 65 pmol MTX/mg remained cell associated after 12 hours. The efflux was
      inhibited by chloroquine. Both the efflux medium and M21 cells after a 9.5-hour
      incubation period had MTX-containing catabolic fragments that inhibited DHFR.

PMID- 3855486
TI  - Early precursors of site-specific cancers in college men and women.
AB  - Physical and social characteristics recorded at college physical examination and
      reported in subsequent questionnaires to alumni in 1962 or 1966 by 50,000 former
      students from Harvard University and the University of Pennsylvania were reviewed
      for their relationship to major site-specific cancer occurrence. The records of
      1,359 subjects who died with a major site-specific cancer in a 16- to 50-year
      follow-up period and of 672 subjects who reported such a cancer by mail
      questionnaire in 1976 or 1977 were compared with those of 8,084 matched
      classmates who were known to be alive and free of cancer at the time subjects
      with cancer had died or had been diagnosed. Cigarette smoking, as reported both
      in student years and years as alumni, predicted increased risk for cancers of the
      respiratory tract, pancreas, and bladder. Student coffee consumption was
      associated with elevated risk for leukemia, but it was unrelated to cancers of
      the pancreas and bladder. Male students with a record of proteinuria at college
      physical examination experienced increased risk of kidney cancer, and those with
      a history of tonsillectomy experienced increased risk of prostate cancer.
      Students who at college entrance reported occasional vague abdominal pain were at
      elevated risk for pancreatic and colorectal cancers in later years. Increased
      body weight during college was associated with increased risks of kidney and
      bladder cancers, whereas for alumni this index was associated only with kidney
      cancer. Increased weight-for-height during college (but not in 1962 or 1966)
      predicted increased occurrence of female breast cancer. Jewish students
      experienced elevated risk for subsequent cancers of the female breast, colon, and
      combined colorectum. These and other findings are presented as clues deserving
      further exploration for any etiologic significance that they may hold for the
      cancer sites studied.

PMID- 3855487
TI  - Seasonal diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease among young adults.
AB  - Among 3,707 incident cases of Hodgkin's disease analyzed by month of initially
      confirmed diagnosis, there was no evidence of seasonal variation for boys or
      girls (less than 15 yr old) or for older persons (greater than or equal to 40 yr
      old). However, for young adults (15-39 yr old) there was significant fluctuation
      of month of diagnosis. February was the month of peak diagnosis both among young
      men (P = .002) and among young women, although not significant at conventional
      levels (P = .30). This seasonal variation is consistent with the hypothesis that
      Hodgkin's disease in young adults is the rare manifestation of a prevalent
      infection with low pathogenicity.

PMID- 3855488
TI  - Occupational risks for pleural mesothelioma in Sweden, 1961-79.
AB  - From national population-based registries linking cancer incidence from 1961 to
      1979 with 1960 census data on industry and occupation for all employed
      individuals in Sweden, a systematic assessment was made of pleural mesothelioma
      occurrence according to occupational and industrial classifications. There were
      318 cases of pleural mesothelioma recorded during the 19-year follow-up period
      among males employed in 1960, with significant variation by industrial and
      occupational categorizations. The observed number of pleural mesotheliomas for
      men employed in the sugar refining, cellulose, wood and pulp, shipbuilding, and
      railroad equipment manufacturing industries was more than three times the number
      expected. Occupations with at least twofold excess of mesotheliomas included the
      craftsman categories of plumbers, mechanics and repairmen, electricians,
      painters, tire makers, and stationary equipment operators. Our findings are
      consistent with available data relating mesothelioma to occupational asbestos
      exposure in other countries, although unexpected associations were found that
      deserve further epidemiologic study.

PMID- 3855489
TI  - Proteolytic enzymes in tumor metastasis. I. Plasminogen activator in clones of
      Lewis lung carcinoma and T10 sarcoma.
AB  - Plasminogen activator (PA; urokinase) levels were studied in metastatic and
      nonmetastatic clones of the Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) and of the T10 sarcoma.
      Tests of clones grown in vitro revealed that the cell content and secretion of PA
      correlated positively with the metastatic capacity of the clones of both tumors.
      When cell-associated activities were examined in cloned cell populations grown
      subcutaneously in vivo, the apparent activities in the solid tumors produced by
      low-metastatic clones were equal to or even higher than those in solid tumors
      produced by high-metastatic clones. This finding was attributed to the
      observation that solid tumors produced by low-metastatic clones, but not those
      produced by high-metastatic clones, were highly infiltrated with macrophages.
      Subsequent tests indicated that the ip inoculation of X-irradiated or mitomycin
      treated tumor cells of low-metastatic clones elicited a significantly greater
      peritoneal infiltration of macrophages than did tumor cells of high-metastatic
      clones. Such "tumor-associated" macrophages manifested high levels of PA, whereas
      resident (nonactivated) peritoneal macrophages did not. These findings suggest
      that although PA may cause the initial detachment from the local tumor of both
      nonmetastatic (via the macrophage PA) and metastatic cells (via their own PA),
      the PA secreted by the metastatic cells may enable them to complete subsequent
      stages of the metastatic process that may be PA-dependent.

PMID- 3855490
TI  - The thyroid gland as source and target of autoimmunity.

PMID- 3855491
TI  - Multiple primary cancers in the same patient: case reports and a review of the
      literature.

PMID- 3855492
TI  - Uncertainty in projecting acute care bed need in South Carolina.

PMID- 3855493
TI  - Pectoralis major myocutaneous reconstruction of the anterior skull base.
AB  - It was once believed that prognosis for many patients with neoplasms of the
      anterior skull base was hopeless. Now, however, craniofacial resection of these
      lesions has been curative for many patients. Massive resections of the anterior
      skull base pose many potentially life-threatening complications. Cerebrospinal
      fluid leakage with meningitis is especially troublesome when previous radiation
      therapy compromises wound healing. In such circumstances local tissue flaps and
      skin grafting may not provide reliable separation of the brain from the nose. The
      pectoralis major flap was utilized in eight patients undergoing anterolateral
      resection of the skull base. Several major advantages of this technique include:
      1. reliable closure of the subarachnoid space; 2. acceptable cosmesis; 3. rapid
      wound rehabilitation, allowing early postoperative radiation therapy when
      necessary.

PMID- 3855494
TI  - Effects of various dietary animal and vegetable proteins on serum and biliary
      lipids and on gallstone formation in the hamster.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various dietary
      animal (casein, bovine albumin and egg albumin) and vegetable (soy, cottonseed
      and peanut) proteins on serum and biliary constituents and gallstone formation in
      the hamster. Eighty-four hamsters (60 +/- 5 g) were assigned to either a control
      group (Purina rat chow) or to one of the 6 experimental groups. Experimental
      diets contained 20.0% protein. With the exception of hamsters fed egg albumin,
      gallstone incidence was greater among hamsters fed animal proteins. Hamsters fed
      egg albumin exhibited a lower concentration of total serum cholesterol and HDL
      cholesterol than most of the other experimental groups. There were no significant
      differences between experimental groups for either HDL3-cholesterol concentration
      or VLDL-LDL-cholesterol concentration. Bile acid concentrations within the
      vegetable Protein-fed groups were significantly higher than within the animal
      protein-fed groups. Casein- and bovine albumin-fed hamsters showed a
      significantly higher percentage of biliary cholesterol in the bile fluid. As the
      percentage of biliary cholesterol increased, the percentage of bile acids was
      found to decrease.

PMID- 3855495
TI  - Comparison of morphology in ALL at presentation and relapse.
AB  - A high frequency of conversion from L1 to L2 morphology in ALL at relapse has
      been reported in studies made without benefit of the French-American-British
      (FAB) scoring system. We compared the lymphoblast morphology at presentation and
      first hematologic relapse for 50 consecutive children with acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia using the FAB scoring system to determine the frequency of morphologic
      conversion. Forty-eight patients presented with L1 morphology, 42 of whom (88%)
      relapsed with L1 blasts, four (8%) with L2 blasts, and two (4%) with blasts
      intermediate between L1 and L2. Two presented with L2 morphology, both relapsing
      with L2 blasts. These data do not support previous findings of a high frequency
      of conversion from L1 to L2 at relapse. They suggest, instead, that L2 morphology
      is not a common morphologic expression of initial treatment failure.

PMID- 3855496
TI  - Granulocytic sarcoma of breast: aleukemic bilateral metachronous presentation and
      literature review.
AB  - This report describes an unusual case of bilateral metachronous granulocytic
      sarcoma of the breast. The patient initially did not have evidence of leukemia
      and her marrow cell culture in soft agar (CFU-C array) showed normal in vitro
      growth pattern. The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy at a time when
      there was no evidence for systemic disease but she nevertheless developed
      meningeal leukemia and bone marrow disease 11 and 18 months, respectively,
      following the initial chemotherapy.

PMID- 3855497
TI  - Caruncular involvement in myelomonocytic leukemia: a case report.

PMID- 3855498
TI  - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with t(4;11) follows neuroblastoma: a late effect
      of treatment?
AB  - The case presented is of a 7-year-old girl who developed acute lymphoblastic
      leukaemia (ALL) with t(4;11)(q21;q23) 5 years after the onset of neuroblastoma
      and 4 months after completing treatment for a first relapse. Consideration is
      given to the relative importance in this case of genetic factors and
      chemotherapeutic drugs in the etiology of ALL.

PMID- 3855499
TI  - Myopathy in McArdle's syndrome. Improvement with a high-protein diet.

PMID- 3855500
TI  - McArdle's disease in the 1980s.

PMID- 3855501
TI  - Appearance of new variants of membrane skeletal protein 4.1 during terminal
      differentiation of avian erythroid and lenticular cells.
AB  - The erythrocyte plasma membrane is lined with a network of extrinsic proteins,
      mainly spectrin and actin, which constitute a reticulum tethered to the intrinsic
      anion transport protein of the lipid bilayer through a linker protein, ankyrin.
      Protein 4.1 forms a stable ternary complex with spectrin and actin, thereby
      strengthening the reticulum and anchoring it directly to the lipid bilayer or to
      another intrinsic protein, glycophorin. It has been found recently that spectrin,
      ankyrin and protein 4.1 are not erythrocyte-specific; this has elucidated further
      the mechanisms of plasma membrane assembly and modelling during the
      differentiation of diverse tissues. We have shown previously that protein 4.1 in
      chickens is most abundant in erythrocytes and lens cells, but is scarce or absent
      from other spectrin-rich cell types. In addition, it exists as a family of
      related polypeptides showing differential expression in these two tissues,
      suggesting variant-specific functions. Here we show that the pattern of protein
      4.1 variants changes during the terminal differentiation of erythroid and
      lenticular cells, with novel variants appearing in postmitotic cells. The
      accumulation of these variants may lead to the final stabilization of the plasma
      membrane skeletons of these cells.

PMID- 3855502
TI  - Decreased expression of N-myc precedes retinoic acid-induced morphological
      differentiation of human neuroblastoma.
AB  - Proto-oncogenes may be important in the cellular processes central for the growth
      and differentiation of normal cells. N-myc is a DNA sequence which shares limited
      homology to the proto-oncogene c-myc and has been found to be amplified in both
      primary tissue and cell lines from neuroblastoma, a childhood tumour of
      neuroectodermal origin. Differentiation of this embryonal tumour is of clinical
      importance, since occasional tumours have been noted to differentiate in vivo to
      benign ganglioneuroma. In vitro, many human neuroblastoma cell lines can be
      induced to differentiate morphologically and biochemically by a variety of
      agents. Retinoic acid (RA), an analogue of vitamin A, has been shown to inhibit
      neuroblastoma cell growth and clonability in soft agar, and to induce extensive
      neurite outgrowth. Therefore we examined the relationship of N-myc expression to
      the in vitro differentiation of these cells. We report here that in the case of
      RA-induced differentiation, a decreased level of expression is detected within 6
      h of treatment and precedes both cell-cycle changes and morphological
      differentiation.

PMID- 3855503
TI  - Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA for rat transforming growth factor-alpha.
AB  - Transforming growth factors (TGFs) are mitogenic polypeptides produced most
      conspicuously by transformed cells and conferring on normal cells several
      phenotypic alterations associated with transformation. TGFs comprise two distinct
      sets of molecules: TGF-alpha s are structurally similar to epidermal growth
      factor (EGF), binding to and inducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF
      receptor in a manner indistinguishable from that of EGF. In addition, the 50
      amino acid rat TGF-alpha has 33 and 44% homologies with mouse and human EGFs,
      respectively, and shares with EGFs a conserved pattern of three disulphide
      bridges. Thus, it has been proposed that TGF-alpha s belong to a family of EGF
      like polypeptides. TGF-beta s, on the other hand, display no measurable binding
      to EGF receptors, but potentiate the growth-stimulating activities of TGF-alpha.
      Here we report the isolation of a complementary DNA clone encoding rat TGF-alpha.
      This cDNA hybridizes to a 4.5-kilobase (kb) messenger RNA that is 30 times larger
      than necessary to code for a 50-amino acid polypeptide and is present not only in
      retrovirus-transformed rat cells but also at lower levels in normal rat tissues.
      The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA predicts that TGF-alpha is synthesized as a
      larger product and that the larger form may exist as a transmembrane protein.
      However, unlike many polypeptide hormones (including EGF), cleavage of the 50
      amino acid TGF-alpha from the larger form does not occur at paired basic
      residues, but rather between alanine and valine residues, suggesting the role of
      a novel protease.

PMID- 3855504
TI  - HLA-DR antigens in multiple sclerosis: two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Fifty to eighty percent of white patients with clinically definite MS express the
      DR2 antigen. In patients and normal controls who possess the DR2 antigens,
      analysis of the polymorphic light chain by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis revealed no structural differences.

PMID- 3855505
TI  - Pathogenic mechanisms in recurrent genital candidosis in women.
AB  - A detailed analysis of the microbiological flora and investigation of the host
      immune response to Candida albicans was performed on 22 women presenting with a
      history of recurrent genital candidosis, as defined by at least four clinical
      episodes, with at least two episodes microbiologically proven, due to C albicans
      in the preceding 12 months. Disease due to C albicans could occur at low counts
      (10(2)-10(3)/ml) or very high counts (greater than 10(8)/ml). Immunological
      investigations indicated that both hypersensitive and anergic states occur, the
      nature of the host response determining the clinical features noted on
      presentation. Polymicrobial mixed infections were also noted in six women.
      Recognition of the nature of the host response is important in understanding the
      pathogensis of recurrent candidosis and devising effective therapeutic regimes.

PMID- 3855506
TI  - A national medical information system for New Zealand.

PMID- 3855507
TI  - Intracranial haemorrhages in Pacific Islander stillbirths: is traditional massage
      the cause?

PMID- 3855509
TI  - Myalgic encephalomyelitis.

PMID- 3855508
TI  - Medical costs of alcohol.

PMID- 3855510
TI  - Abortion.

PMID- 3855511
TI  - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the doctor.

PMID- 3855512
TI  - Safety of home deliveries.

PMID- 3855514
TI  - Cancer research, education, welfare, investment.

PMID- 3855513
TI  - Neutropenia during therapy with ceftriaxone.

PMID- 3855515
TI  - Nocturnal enuresis: evaluation of a programme.

PMID- 3855516
TI  - Doctors in the air.

PMID- 3855517
TI  - Pirenzepine and gastroduodenal ulcers.

PMID- 3855518
TI  - Temgesic sublingual.

PMID- 3855519
TI  - Clinical hirudology: revival of an ancient art.

PMID- 3855520
TI  - GMS benefit for children.

PMID- 3855521
TI  - Is hepatitis B a sexually-transmitted disease?

PMID- 3855522
TI  - A new urinary tract pathogen?

PMID- 3855523
TI  - Asthma management.

PMID- 3855524
TI  - Leafy-green coloured infant stools.

PMID- 3855525
TI  - End-stage renal failure due to familial hypokalaemic interstitial nephritis with
      identical HLA tissue types.
AB  - A family in which three siblings had familial hypokalaemic interstitial nephritis
      is described. There was a close linkage between the renal abnormality and tissue
      type inheritance.

PMID- 3855526
TI  - Trauma management: modern concepts.

PMID- 3855527
TI  - An imperative context for recognition of oral implantology as a dental specialty.

PMID- 3855528
TI  - The elderly are not now and will never be a homogeneous group.

PMID- 3855529
TI  - Who is a gerodontist?

PMID- 3855530
TI  - Development of a teaching program in geriatric dentistry.

PMID- 3855531
TI  - A geriatric neuromuscular syndrome. A case report.

PMID- 3855532
TI  - [Role of cytogenetic studies in acute non-lymphoid leukemia in children].

PMID- 3855533
TI  - Testicular peritubular cells secrete a protein under androgen control that
      modulates Sertoli cell functions.
AB  - Peritubular cells of the seminiferous tubule synthesize component(s) that
      stimulate Sertoli cells in culture to increase the production of androgen-binding
      protein and testicular transferrin. The active peritubular cell component(s) are
      trypsin-sensitive, heat-sensitive, acid-stable molecule(s) having a molecular
      weight between 50,000 and 100,000. These specific factors(s) are referred to as P
      Mod-S to designate protein(s), produced by peritubular cells (P), that modulate
      the functions of Sertoli cells (S). The degree of stimulation by P Mod-S is
      comparable to that obtained by maximal hormonal stimulation of the synthesis of
      ABP and transferrin by Sertoli cells. Levels of P Mod-S secreted into the medium
      by primary cultures of peritubular cells are increased in the presence of
      testosterone. Comparable concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol do not stimulate
      peritubular cells to synthesize P Mod-S. Data are interpreted to indicate that
      androgens act on testicular peritubular cells to increase the formation of P Mod
      S and that P Mod-S may modulate the properties of adjacent Sertoli cells.
      Findings are discussed in relation to the nature of mesenchymal-epithelial cell
      interactions in the seminiferous tubule and to the possible role of P Mod-S as a
      mediator of androgen actions of Sertoli cells.

PMID- 3855534
TI  - Use of a replica technique to isolate muscle cell lines defective in expressing
      the acetylcholine receptor.
AB  - We have isolated genetic variants of the C2 muscle cell line that are defective
      in expressing the acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR). Because the AcChoR is
      expressed only after C2 myoblasts have fused to form myotubes, we employed a
      replica technique to detect the variants. This technique yields two copies of
      each clone, one of which can be used for screening and the other, as a source of
      dividing cells. In a screening of about 10,000 clones derived from mutagenized
      cells, we found 2 that fused normally and expressed normal levels of
      acetylcholinesterase but had reduced amounts of AcChoR on their surface. One of
      these also had a reduced level of intracellular AcChoR, but, in the other, the
      amount of intracellular AcChoR was 5-fold higher than normal. Several variants
      were found that failed to fuse and had reduced levels of both AcChoR and
      acetylcholinesterase. Though we relied on 125I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin to
      distinguish wild-type from deficient clones, we found that an antiserum to the
      AcChoR, followed by a biotinylated second antibody and a horseradish peroxidase
      avidin complex, could also be used. Therefore, it should be possible to obtain
      muscle cell variants defective in the expression of a variety of proteins for
      which specific antibodies are available.

PMID- 3855535
TI  - Multiple polymorphic alpha- and beta-tubulin mRNAs are present in sea urchin
      eggs.
AB  - Multiple alpha- and beta-tubulin RNAs were found in the mature unfertilized eggs
      of the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus. The alpha-tubulin RNAs were polymorphic in
      number, size, and relative amounts in the eggs of different females. Five to
      seven different size classes [1.75-4.2 kilobases (kb)] were detected on RNA gel
      blots. All egg preparations contained variable amounts of 1.8- and 2.25-kb beta
      tubulin RNAs, and a few of them contained an additional 2.9-kb beta-tubulin RNA.
      The total amount of alpha-tubulin RNA did not always parallel that of beta
      tubulin RNA. A portion of all of the various alpha- and beta-tubulin RNAs were
      polyadenylylated. RNase H digestions ruled out the possibility that some of these
      RNAs represented a single transcript bearing different lengths of 3' poly(A). One
      class of alpha-tubulin RNAs (2.4-2.65 kb) was reduced to 2 kb by RNase H,
      suggesting the presence of internal oligo(A) regions. All of the egg beta-tubulin
      RNAs sedimented as free ribonucleoprotein particles. Only a small portion of the
      1.75- to 3.6-kb alpha-tubulin RNAs, but most of the 4.2-kb alpha-tubulin RNA,
      were found on polysomes before fertilization. In the 30-min embryo, small amounts
      of each of the various alpha- and beta-tubulin RNAs were recruited onto
      polysomes. Thus, each of the multiple polymorphic alpha- and beta-tubulin RNAs in
      the egg represent translationally competent mRNA.

PMID- 3855536
TI  - All components required for the eventual activation of muscle-specific actin
      genes are localized in the subequatorial region of an uncleaved amphibian egg.
AB  - Fertilized Xenopus eggs have been ligated with a hair loop into separate
      fragments before the first cleavage. The plane of the ligation was varied in
      relation to the animal-vegetal and dorso-ventral axes. The fragments that
      contained a nucleus were cultured for 24 hr until controls reached the neurula
      stage; they were then analyzed by S1 nuclease protection for their content of
      muscle-specific actin mRNA, using a gene-specific probe. We find that all egg
      components required for the eventual activation of these actin genes are
      localized, already at the 1-cell stage, in a region below the equator, and mostly
      on the dorsal (grey crescent) side. This material subsequently occupies the
      equivalent position in 8-cell and 32-cell embryos. We interpret our results, in
      combination with the previous work of others, to mean that mesoderm (including
      muscle) formation in Amphibia depends both on cytoplasmic substances already
      localized in the egg as well as on inductive cell interactions during cleavage.

PMID- 3855538
TI  - The presence of a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in the bacterium
      Photobacterium leiognathi: a likely case of gene transfer from eukaryotes to
      prokaryotes.
AB  - The free-living bacterium Photobacterium leiognathi is also known to be a
      symbiont of ponyfish. The presence of a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in P.
      leiognathi has been considered to be a case of gene transfer from eukaryotes to
      prokaryotes because this form of superoxide dismutase is normally present only in
      higher eukaryotic species. However, the amino acid sequence of the enzyme from
      the bacterium exhibited low identities (25-30%) with the same enzyme from
      eukaryotes. When amino acid mutations are taken into consideration, the weighted
      sequence similarity increases significantly; furthermore, the bacterial enzyme
      has the same active site residues and similar predicted secondary structure as
      the eukaryotic enzymes. The possibility of convergence is ruled out and the case
      of divergence is considered unlikely because of the observed phylogenetic
      distribution of the enzyme. This indicates that the presence of the copper/zinc
      superoxide dismutase in P. leiognathi can indeed be considered a case of gene
      transfer from eukaryotic species to prokaryotic species.

PMID- 3855537
TI  - Injected anti-sense RNAs specifically block messenger RNA translation in vivo.
AB  - As a test for a method to analyze gene function in embryogenesis, the translation
      of a specific mRNA has been blocked in vivo by microinjection of complementary
      (anti-sense) RNA. RNA complementary to globin mRNA was synthesized in vitro by
      transcription of an inverted globin cDNA clone. After injection into frog oocyte
      cytoplasm, the anti-sense globin RNA forms a hybrid with globin mRNA and
      selectively prevents its translation. Deletion mapping of the anti-sense RNA
      shows that the 5' region of the globin mRNA must be covered in order to block
      translation. This method may allow one to study the function of many genes for
      which DNA clones are available by preventing the expression of the endogenous
      gene as protein.

PMID- 3855539
TI  - Interaction of selection and biased gene conversion in a multigene family.
AB  - A model of the evolutionary dynamics of a multigene family in a finite population
      under the joint effects of selection and (possibly biased) gene conversion is
      analyzed. It is assumed that the loss or fixation of a polymorphism at any
      particular locus in the gene family occurs on a much faster time scale than the
      introduction of new alleles to a monomorphic locus by gene conversion. A general
      formula for the fixation of a new allele throughout a multigene family for a wide
      class of selection functions with biased gene conversion is given for this
      assumption. Analysis for the case of additive selection shows that (i) unless
      selection is extremely weak or bias is exceptionally strong, selection usually
      dominates the fixation dynamics, (ii) if selection is very weak, then even a
      slight conversion bias can greatly alter the fixation probabilities, and (iii) if
      both selection and conversion bias are sufficiently small, the substitution rate
      of new alleles throughout a multigene family is approximately the single locus
      mutation rate, the same result as for neutral alleles at a single-copy gene.
      Finally, I analyze a fairly general class of underdominant speciation models
      involving multigene families, concluding for these models under weak conversion
      that although the probability of fixation may be relatively high, the expected
      time to fixation is extremely long, so that speciation by "molecular drive" is
      unlikely. Furthermore, speciation occurs faster by fixing underdominant alleles
      of the same effect at single-copy genes than by fixing the same number of loci in
      a single multigene family under the joint effects of selection, conversion, and
      drift.

PMID- 3855541
TI  - Eukaryotic transient expression system dependent on transcription factors and
      regulatory DNA sequences of vaccinia virus.
AB  - A transient expression system in which chimeric genes are expressed in cells
      infected with vaccinia virus was developed. Recombinant plasmids containing the
      promoter regions of vaccinia virus genes ligated to the coding segment of the
      prokaryotic chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene were constructed. When
      the plasmids were introduced into vaccinia virus-infected cells by transfection,
      the chimeric gene was expressed and significant levels of CAT accumulated. CAT
      activity was not detected when the same recombinant plasmid was introduced into
      uninfected cells, nor was activity detected when the vaccinia virus promoter was
      absent from the plasmid or was replaced by simian virus 40 or Rous sarcoma virus
      promoters. This specificity indicated that expression is dependent on a cis
      acting vaccinia virus promoter region within the recombinant plasmid and
      diffusible trans-acting transcription factors produced during virus infection.
      The lack of effect of a simian virus 40 enhancer element inserted upstream of the
      vaccinia virus promoter region also distinguished this system from systems
      dependent on RNA polymerase II. Although replication of the recombinant plasmid
      could not be detected in either uninfected or vaccinia virus-infected cells, an
      inhibitor of DNA synthesis significantly reduced CAT expression. This result, as
      well as the kinetics of CAT synthesis, suggests that replication of viral DNA
      templates can enhance transcription of chimeric genes in recombinant plasmids.

PMID- 3855540
TI  - Evidence that a second tumor antigen coded by adenovirus early gene region E1a is
      required for efficient cell transformation.
AB  - The expression of the adenovirus (Ad) early coding region 1a (E1a) is required
      for virus-induced cell transformation and for the activation of other viral early
      genes and some cellular genes. Two overlapping early mRNAs of 13S and 12S that
      are transcribed from this region code for a 289-amino acid protein and a 243
      amino acid protein, respectively. Earlier studies have shown that the 289-amino
      acid protein is essential for cell transformation. We have constructed an Ad type
      2 (Ad2) deletion mutant (dl231) in which the intervening sequence for the 13S
      mRNA is precisely removed. Mutant dl231 is completely viable in human KB cells
      and produces normal amounts of 13S mRNA but much reduced amounts of a defective
      12S mRNA. Mutant dl231 induces focal transformation of established rat embryo
      fibroblasts at a frequency one-fifth to one-half that of wild-type virus.
      However, the transformed cells are defective in their ability to form anchorage
      independent colonies on semisolid medium. Therefore, our results demonstrate that
      the 243-amino acid protein is required for full transformation of rat embryo
      cells.

PMID- 3855542
TI  - Inhibition of thromboxane synthesis ameliorates the progressive kidney disease of
      rats with subtotal renal ablation.
AB  - Ablation of greater than 70% of renal mass in the rat results in hypertension,
      proteinuria, and glomerular sclerosis of the remnant kidney. Rats with a remnant
      kidney have increased excretion of thromboxane in the urine when compared with
      normal rats. Chronic oral administration of OKY 1581, an inhibitor of thromboxane
      synthesis, in rats with a remnant kidney increases renal blood flow and
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR), decreases protein and thromboxane excretion in
      the urine, lowers blood pressure and cardiac index, and improves renal histology.
      The degree of hypertrophy of the remnant kidney was unaffected by administration
      of OKY 1581. Calculated values for single nephron plasma flow and GFR were
      significantly greater in rats with remnant kidneys given OKY 1581 than in rats
      given saline. Acute i.v. administration of OKY 1581 increased renal plasma flow
      and GFR in rats with a remnant kidney but not in normal rats or rats with a
      remnant kidney previously treated with acetylsalicyclic acid. OKY 1581 markedly
      inhibited platelet aggregation. We suggest that in this model of renal disease
      platelet aggregation and intraglomerular thrombosis play a key role in the
      development of glomerulosclerosis. Inhibition of platelet aggregation prevents
      development of glomerulosclerosis, hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy. We
      suggest that hyperperfusion and hyperfiltration per se occurring in remnant
      glomeruli are not directly responsible for the development of glomerulosclerosis.

PMID- 3855543
TI  - A retroviral myc gene induces preneoplastic transformation of lymphocytes in a
      bursal transplantation assay.
AB  - Treatment of chicken embryos with cyclophosphamide results in ablation of bursal
      lymphocytes. Bursal follicles can be reconstructed by infusion of embryonic
      bursal cells. Histologic examination of reconstituting bursal follicles showed
      that the first lymphocytes to appear were large pyrinophilic lymphoblasts that
      lined up adjacent to the bursal basement membrane and appeared to serve as
      progenitors for the differentiation of bursal medullary lymphocytes. When these
      cells were infected with the avian myelocytomatosis virus HB1 bearing a v-myc
      oncogene they appeared to home to the region of the bursal basement membrane but
      failed to differentiate. Instead, they formed structures indistinguishable from
      the preneoplastic transformed follicles that develop during bursal
      lymphomagenesis induced by lymphoid leukosis viruses. The DNA from these
      transformed follicles contained the HB1 v-myc gene but lacked the ability to
      transform NIH/3T3 mouse cells. Therefore these preneoplastic lesions were induced
      directly by HB1 myc and did not require the expression of Blym-1 or similar
      oncogenes. Exploitation of this transplantation technique with the chicken bursa
      will provide a useful method for assessing the stage-specific activity of
      oncogenes in vivo.

PMID- 3855544
TI  - Statistical test of linearity of photoreceptor transduction process: Limulus
      passes, others fail.
AB  - We present the results of a theoretical analysis of a completely general linear
      chain model for transduction in photoreceptors from which we have derived a
      statistical test for the intrinsic linearity of the single-photon transduction
      process. By linearity we mean comprising first-order chemical reactions only. We
      show results of our own measurements in Limulus ventral photoreceptors that pass
      this linearity test, suggesting that the single-photon transduction in Limulus
      may be a simple chain of first-order biochemical reactions (plus possible
      diffusional processes). However, we also demonstrate that published data show the
      existence of strong nonlinearities in the single-photon responses of toad and
      perhaps also of locust. Such nonlinearities are not difficult to construct from
      existing biochemical notions (feedback, cooperativity), but all but one [Kramer,
      L. (1975) Biophys. Struct. Mech. 1,239-257] of the published analytical models of
      the single-photon process have been linear. The test we have used is the
      distribution of "areas" (time integrals of conductance changes) of single-photon
      responses or "bumps." Reasonable molecular linear chain models do not allow
      distributions very sharply peaked at non-zero values. Such peaked distributions
      are seen in toad and locust but not in Limulus.

PMID- 3855545
TI  - Sequences of the S1 genes of the three serotypes of reovirus.
AB  - The S1 genes of the three serotypes of reovirus have been cloned and sequenced.
      The S1 genes encode protein sigma 1, the protein against which serotype-specific
      neutralizing antibodies are directed; it is also the reovirus hemagglutinin and
      cell-attachment protein and is a major determinant of host range/tissue
      specificity and of the nature of the interaction of reovirus with cells of the
      immune system. The S1 genes of serotypes 1, 2, and 3 are 1458, 1442, and 1416
      nucleotides long, respectively. They possess untranslated regions 13, 13, and 12
      nucleotides long at their 5' termini and 188, 229, and 36 nucleotides long at
      their 3' termini. They possess two open reading frames. The first starts with a
      "weak" initiation codon and extends for 418, 399, and 455 codons, respectively;
      this is the size expected for the sigma 1 proteins. The other reading frame
      starts at a "strong" initiation codon about 70 residues downstream from the 5'
      terminus but extends for only about 120 codons, being terminated by 3 in-phase
      termination codons in all three genes. The proteins encoded by these short open
      reading frames are quite basic. The serotype 1 and 2 S1 genes are much more
      closely related to each other (28% homology) than to the serotype 3 S1 gene (5%
      and 9% homology, respectively). These figures are based on direct homology
      calculations, adjusted for 25% random coincidence. Serologic evidence and
      hydrophobicity profiles agree that the sigma 1 proteins of serotypes 1 and 2 are
      much more closely related to each other (about 40% homology) than to that of
      serotype 3 (only about 20% homology). The fact that the serotype 1 and 2 S1 genes
      are much more closely related to each other than to the serotype 3 S1 gene is
      remarkable since for all other nine reovirus genes the serotype 1 and 3 genes are
      much more closely related to each other than to the serotype 2 gene. Mechanisms
      that may effect this remarkable evolutionary pattern are discussed.

PMID- 3855546
TI  - Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in the gray tremor mutant mouse.
AB  - Gray tremor (gt) is an autosomal recessive mutation in the mouse linked to
      caracul (Ca) on chromosome 15. The complex mutant phenotype includes pigmentation
      defects, tremor, seizures, hypo- and dysmyelination in central and peripheral
      nervous systems, spongiform encephalopathy, and early death. The heterozygote
      (+/gt) is phenotypically normal but develops a mild spongiform encephalopathy
      from 2 months of age onward. The pigmentation and myelination disorders indicate
      that the gt genetic locus is active neonatally and probably earlier. This report
      focuses mainly on the later-expressed vacuolating disorder, which most closely
      mimics in tissue distribution, histopathology, and ultrastructure the spongiform
      encephalopathies caused by unconventional transmissible agents. This lesion was
      produced in genetically normal mice in a transmission experiment: of 99 neonatal
      mice inoculated intracerebrally with gt/gt brain homogenate, all 7 mice of three
      strains (BALB/cBy, C3HeB/FeJ, and C57BL/6J) allowed to survive for the unusually
      long interval of 682-721 days after inoculation, developed spongiform changes
      distributed as in the mutant phenotype. The gray tremor mutant presents a
      naturally occurring spongiform encephalopathy whose expression is determined by
      the interaction of genetic factors and a transmissible agent.

PMID- 3855548
TI  - Reovirus hemagglutinin mRNA codes for two polypeptides in overlapping reading
      frames.
AB  - Human reovirus s1 mRNA, which codes for the viral hemagglutinin, also directs the
      synthesis of a previously unrecognized polypeptide of molecular mass 14 kDa in
      reticulocyte and wheat germ extracts. Hybrid-arrest of translation by selected
      restriction fragments of cloned S1 DNA indicated that synthesis of the 14-kDa
      polypeptide initiates at the second AUG. This was confirmed by NH2-terminal
      sequence analyses. The coding sequence for the 14-kDa polypeptide thus lies
      entirely within the hemagglutinin gene but in a different reading frame. Although
      not found in virions, the 14-kDa polypeptide apparently is formed in virus
      infected mouse L cells, as demonstrated by comparison of [35S]methionine-labeled
      polypeptides in cell extracts with the corresponding in vitro products.

PMID- 3855547
TI  - Isolation of tyrosine-O-sulfate by Pronase hydrolysis from fibronectin secreted
      by Fujinami sarcoma virus-infected rat fibroblasts.
AB  - In a recent paper, we reported the loss of large amounts of protein-bound
      tyrosine sulfate after infection of rat fibroblasts by avian sarcoma viruses. The
      analogy to the reported loss of surface fibronectin on malignant transformation,
      which contained sulfate of unknown location, called our attention to this
      compound. In a previous paper, we briefly reported on isolation from the
      supernatant fraction of rat fibroblasts infected by Fujinami sarcoma virus
      fibronectin that yielded tyrosine-O-sulfate on Pronase hydrolysis. In this paper,
      we confirm and enlarge on this observation. Highly purified fibronectin was
      obtained from the supernatant fraction secreted by Fujinami sarcoma virus
      infected rat fibroblasts that contained 1.52 residues of sulfated tyrosine per
      protein molecule after exhaustive Pronase hydrolysis. Assuming some loss during
      work up, this probably indicates 2 residues of the tyrosine sulfated per
      fibronectin molecule.

PMID- 3855549
TI  - Transcription of three c-myc exons is enhanced in chicken bursal lymphoma cell
      lines.
AB  - The chicken c-myc gene, as defined by its homology to the v-myc gene of MC29
      virus, is comprised of two exons. Using the techniques of runoff transcription,
      primer extension, and S1 nuclease protection, we demonstrate that there is a
      third c-myc exon of approximately equal to 345 base pairs (bp) located 0.7 kbp
      upstream of the 5' end of the v-myc homology. This first exon is transcribed and
      present in myc mRNA in normal chicken cells. We also examined RNA from five cell
      lines derived from avian leukosis virus-induced bursal lymphomas. In all these
      lines, the level of transcription of the 2.2- to 2.5-kbp myc mRNA is increased 30
      to 60-fold over normal cells. The myc mRNA in four of these lines also contains
      increased levels of the first noncoding exon, and evidence is presented that the
      long terminal repeat (LTR) in the vicinity of c-myc is functioning as an enhancer
      of c-myc transcription rather than as a promoter in several of these cell lines.
      In two cell lines in which the viral LTR has integrated between the first and
      second exons in the proper orientation for downstream promotion of myc, the LTR
      does not exhibit promoter function. The pattern of c-myc transcription observed
      by others in a vast majority of avian leukosis virus-induced neoplasms is not
      observed in any of the five cell lines examined.

PMID- 3855551
TI  - The primary process of vision and the structure of bathorhodopsin: a mechanism
      for photoisomerization of polyenes.
AB  - A model for the primary process of vision is proposed, which involves a novel
      concerted-twist motion. Application of such motions to rhodopsin and
      bathorhodopsin successfully accounts for the properties of bathorhodopsin and
      related intermediates, including specific assignment of molecular structures to
      bathorhodopsin, to lumirhodopsin, and, less specifically, to hypsorhodopsin.

PMID- 3855550
TI  - Complete amino acid sequence of human hemopexin, the heme-binding protein of
      serum.
AB  - We have determined the complete primary structure of human hemopexin, a plasma
      beta-glycoprotein that specifically binds one heme with high affinity and
      transports it to hepatocytes for salvage of the iron. Human hemopexin (Mr
      approximately equal to 63,000) consists of a single polypeptide chain containing
      439 amino acid residues with six intrachain disulfide bridges. The amino-terminal
      threonine residue is blocked by an O-linked galactosamine oligosaccharide, and
      the protein has five glucosamine oligosaccharides N-linked to the acceptor
      sequence Asn-X-Ser/Thr. The 18 tryptophan residues are arranged in four clusters,
      and 12 of the tryptophans are conserved in homologous positions. Computer
      assisted analysis of the internal homology in amino acid sequence indicates that
      hemopexin consists of two similar halves, thus suggesting duplication of an
      ancestral gene. Limited tryptic digestion cleaves apohemopexin after arginine-216
      into two half-molecules, whereas heme-saturated hemopexin is cleaved after lysine
      101. The half-molecules are connected by a histidine-rich hinge-like region that
      contains two glucosamine oligosaccharides. A structural model for human hemopexin
      is proposed that is based on these properties and on computer-assisted
      predictions of the secondary structure and the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character.
      In this model alpha-helices and beta-turns predominate, and the two halves are
      connected by an exposed connecting region in apohemopexin that becomes
      inaccessible to trypsin in hemesaturated hemopexin. Many segments of hemopexin
      are similar to sequences of other heme proteins, but no overall structural
      relationship of hemopexin to any other heme protein was identified.

PMID- 3855552
TI  - Electronegativity and hardness as coordinates in structure stability diagrams.
AB  - With electronegativity and hardness of an atom defined as 1/2(I + A) and 1/2(I -
      A), respectively, where I and A are the ionization potential and electron
      affinity, electronegativity difference and hardness sum are proposed as
      coordinates in structure stability diagrams. With these coordinates a successful
      topological classification of the crystal structures of octet and suboctet binary
      compounds is obtained, and a clear delineation of the structural classes
      portraying chemical periodicity is found.

PMID- 3855553
TI  - Calmodulin binding to the cytoskeletal neuronal calmodulin-dependent protein
      kinase is regulated by autophosphorylation.
AB  - A brain cytoskeletal preparation that is highly enriched in calmodulin-dependent
      protein kinase facilitated the study of the binding of 125I-labeled calmodulin to
      the native enzyme. The binding was specific, saturable, Ca2+-dependent, and
      inhibited by trifluoperazine. Stoichiometric analysis revealed that the ratio of
      bound calmodulin to the alpha subunit of the protein kinase was about 1:10 (+/
      30%), indicating that in the native state not all of the enzyme subunits were
      accessible to bind calmodulin. The Kd for the binding reaction was 7 X 10(-9) M
      and was subject to regulation by divalent cations other than Ca2+, decreasing to
      1.7 X 10(-9) M in the presence of 7 mM MgCl2. Activation of the protein kinase in
      the presence of Ca2+ and calmodulin resulted in marked autophosphorylation of the
      enzyme subunits. The autophosphorylation was accompanied by a 2-fold decrease in
      the affinity and number of 125I-labeled calmodulin binding sites. This effect was
      also reflected by an increase in the apparent Km for Ca2+ from 90 to 200 X 10(-9)
      M. Thus, enzyme autophosphorylation appears to represent a negative feedback
      signal, rendering the enzyme less sensitive to subsequent stimulation by
      physiologic increases in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. These results help
      to clarify the mode of neuronal intracellular Ca2+ signaling.

PMID- 3855554
TI  - Isolation and characterization of factors from wheat germ that exhibit eukaryotic
      initiation factor 4B activity and overcome 7-methylguanosine 5'-triphosphate
      inhibition of polypeptide synthesis.
AB  - Three highly purified preparations (preparations I, II-1, and II-2) have been
      obtained from wheat germ and shown to support in vitro polypeptide synthesis
      directed by capped or uncapped mRNAs in a eukaryotic initiation factor 4B (eIF
      4B)-deficient system. The three preparations differ, however, in polypeptide
      composition and in the ability to overcome the inhibitory effect of 7
      methylguanosine 5'-triphosphate (m7GTP) on in vitro polypeptide synthesis.
      Preparation I contains two polypeptides (Mr = 80,000 and 28,000), which are
      present in a 1:1 molar ratio and are associated in a high molecular weight
      complex. Preparation II-1 contains two major polypeptides (Mr = 220,000 and
      26,000) and preparation II-2 also contains two major polypeptides (Mr = 110,000
      and 26,000). Preparations II-1 and II-2 are high molecular weight complexes;
      neither contains detectable amounts of a Mr 80,000 or a Mr 50,000 component.
      Preparations II-1 and II-2 both overcome m7GTP inhibition, whereas preparation I
      does not. These findings raise several questions with regard to the identity of
      eIF-4B and its relationship to cap recognition factors.

PMID- 3855555
TI  - Primary structure of rat thymus prothymosin alpha.
AB  - The primary structure of prothymosin alpha from rat thymus, containing 113 amino
      acid residues, is reported as follows: (formula; see text) The sequence of the
      first 28 amino acids at the NH2 terminus is identical to that of calf thymosin
      alpha 1. The dicarboxylic amino acids, which account for nearly half of the total
      residues in prothymosin alpha, are largely clustered in the central portion of
      the polypeptide chain. The polypeptide contains no aromatic or sulfur-containing
      amino acids. A computer analysis of the three-dimensional structure based on the
      primary sequence suggests that the molecule is composed of at least five alpha
      helical regions interrupted by one short extended chain and three short random
      coils.

PMID- 3855556
TI  - Inhibition of human platelet phospholipase A2 activity by unsaturated fatty
      acids.
AB  - Phospholipase A2 (PLA2; phosphatide 2-acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.4) activity from
      human platelets increases significantly when the enzyme is separated from an
      endogenous inhibitor(s). The inhibitor, associated mainly with a particulate
      fraction, has now been identified as a mixture of unsaturated fatty acids.
      Treatment of the inhibitor with trypsin, RNase, DNase, or heat did not diminish
      its inhibitory activity, which was extractable by organic solvents. Incubation of
      PLA2 with phospholipids or various neutral lipids, including saturated fatty
      acids, had little or no effect on enzymatic activity. In contrast, unsaturated
      fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid (16:1), oleic acid (18:1), linoleic acid
      (18:2), linolenic acid (18:3), arachidonic acid (20:4), all of which were
      detected in the particulate fraction, or longer chained unsaturated fatty acids
      inhibited PLA2 activity by 50% at approximately equal to 5 X 10(-7) M. The level
      of unsaturated fatty acids in the inhibitor fraction was equivalent to
      approximately equal to 10(-4) M, apparently sufficient to effectively inhibit
      PLA2 activity. Methylation of unsaturated fatty acids caused a complete loss of
      inhibitory activity, and subsequent demethylation restored the activity,
      suggesting that a free carboxyl group was necessary. Inhibition of PLA2 by
      unsaturated fatty acids appeared to be noncompetitive. PLA2 absolutely required
      Ca2+ for activity; the inhibition by unsaturated fatty acids was not reversed by
      Ca2+. The finding that unsaturated fatty acids are potent inhibitors of PLA2
      would explain its generally low activity in human platelet extracts and its
      marked increase of activity during the course of enzyme purification.

PMID- 3855557
TI  - An enhancer-like element in the adenovirus E2 promoter contains sequences
      essential for uninduced and E1A-induced transcription.
AB  - Using a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene under the control of a series of
      adenovirus E2 promoter mutants, we have determined the sequence requirements for
      E1A-induced as well as uninduced expression of the E2 promoter. Fully induced
      expression requires 79 nucleotides of upstream sequence, and the same sequences
      are required for uninduced expression. A promoter containing 70 nucleotides of
      upstream sequence is inducible, although to a lower level than wild type, while a
      promoter containing 59 nucleotides of upstream sequence is not inducible. The
      sequences required for induction as well as for uninduced promoter activity map
      between 21 and 79 nucleotides upstream of the transcriptional initiation site and
      function in either orientation and at a distance. We suggest that E1A-mediated
      induction involves the effective increase in a factor utilizing this upstream
      site and that the factor can functionally interact with the site irrespective of
      its location relative to the start of transcription.

PMID- 3855558
TI  - Imaging of optically active biological structures by use of circularly polarized
      light.
AB  - If an optically active (chiral) sample is placed in a microscope and illuminated
      with circularly polarized light, an image can be formed that is related to the
      circular dichroism of each feature of the sample. A theoretical investigation has
      been done for the circular differential image obtained by subtracting the images
      formed under right- and left-circularly polarized light. Two types of
      differential images are possible: (i) dark-field images formed from light
      reflected or scattered by the sample and (ii) bright-field images formed from
      light transmitted through the sample. The sign and magnitude of each feature in a
      circular differential image strongly depend on the structure of the sample. The
      dark-field circular differential images are most sensitive to large features with
      dimensions similar to the wavelength of illumination whereas the bright-field
      images are most sensitive to the short-range molecular order. Applications of
      circular differential imaging may include clinical fingerprinting of normal and
      transformed cells and structural analysis of individual cellular components.

PMID- 3855559
TI  - Unmodified low density lipoprotein causes cholesteryl ester accumulation in J774
      macrophages.
AB  - Cholesteryl ester (CE)-loaded macrophages (foam cells) are a prominent feature of
      atherosclerotic plaques. Previous studies have shown that human monocytes or
      resident mouse peritoneal macrophages accumulate CE in response to low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) only when the LDL has been appropriately chemically modified.
      By contrast, we report here that J774 macrophages accumulate large amounts of CE
      when incubated with unmodified LDL. The CE is stored in oil red O-positive
      droplets, which have the typical appearance of foam cell inclusions by electron
      microscopy. The fatty acid moieties of the cellular CE are enriched in oleate
      unlike those of LDL-CE, which are enriched in linoleate, indicating that the LDL
      CE undergoes hydrolysis and reesterification by acyl CoA:cholesterol
      acyltransferase. Studies with 125I-labeled LDL at both 4 degrees C and 37 degrees
      C indicate that the LDL is internalized by a specific receptor that has several
      characteristics in common with the apolipoprotein B/E (apo B/E) receptor.
      However, in comparison with fibroblasts, the LDL receptor and 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity in J774 cells are
      relatively resistant to down-regulation by LDL or 25-hydroxycholesterol, leading
      to receptor-mediated CE storage. In addition, J774 cells appear to accumulate CE
      from LDL internalized by nonspecific means. Thus, macrophage-like cells can
      accumulate CE in response to unmodified LDL by both nonspecific and receptor
      mediated processes.

PMID- 3855560
TI  - Quantitative assessment of the role of O6-methylguanine in the initiation of
      carcinogenesis by methylating agents.
AB  - Induction of transformation, cell lethality, and DNA lesions were quantitatively
      compared in Syrian hamster embryo cells (HEC) treated with three different
      methylating agents: N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), N-methyl-N
      nitrosourea (MNU), or methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Each induced transformation
      in a dose-dependent manner. On a molar basis, MNNG was approximately equal to 100
      and 500-fold more effective than MNU and MMS, respectively. For each carcinogen
      the induction and repair of O6- and N7-methylguanine (O6- and N7-MeGua) relative
      to total guanine content was compared. At concentrations that induced equivalent
      transformation frequencies, the induction of O6-MeGua was the same for all three
      carcinogens, but N7-MeGua induction was 30-fold higher with MMS than with MNNG or
      MNU. The capacity to repair methylation lesions in HEC is limited because only
      between 50% and 70% of both O6- and N7-MeGua lesions were removed from the DNA
      within 24 hr after treatment, independent of methylating carcinogen. No
      consistent effect on either the rate of DNA replication or the size distribution
      of nascent strands correlated with O6-MeGua induction. These data support the
      hypothesis that O6-MeGua is the critical lesion for initiation of carcinogenesis
      by methylating agents. The frequency of transformation relative to O6-MeGua
      induction is 40- to 750-fold more than that of mutation. Based on the
      quantitative data for induction of O6-MeGua and transformation, the target size
      for initiation of carcinogenesis was calculated as a minimum of 10(4)
      nucleotides. This suggests that one of many genes can initiate carcinogenesis or
      that initiation is not the result of a single base mutation.

PMID- 3855561
TI  - Phase-change kinetics for a microtubule with two free ends.
AB  - The two-phase macroscopic kinetic model of the end of a microtubule is extended
      to microtubules in solution, with two free ends. The theoretical treatment of
      this system is complicated by the possibility of microtubules shortening all the
      way to disappearance. Another possibility, if a microtubule is shortening from
      one end only (and has a GTP cap on the other end), is that completed shortening
      will leave a residual cap from which growth can then take place at both ends. Two
      approximations are introduced.

PMID- 3855562
TI  - Adolescence in Tetrahymena thermophila.
AB  - The development of sexual maturity in Tetrahymena thermophila has been shown to
      include an intermediate stage, adolescence, during which cells are capable of
      mating with mature cells but not other adolescent cells. When the progeny of
      successfully mated cells are grown logarithmically and tested frequently for the
      ability to mate, they are unable to form mating pairs for about 65 generations.
      This period is known as immaturity. During the next stage, the progeny pair with
      mature cells but not with other adolescent cells despite the presence of
      complementary mating types. Adolescence persists for 20-25 generations before the
      cells attain maturity, which is defined as the ability to mate with any cell of
      different mating type. Once paired with mature cells, adolescents successfully
      complete conjugation. Cytological preparations show that both members of the pair
      undergo meiosis and form macronuclear anlagen. The proteins synthesized during a
      mating between adolescents and mature cells are similar to those synthesized
      during a mating between mature cells as determined by two-dimensional gel
      analysis. Both the adolescent cell and the mature partner contribute genetic
      markers to the progeny.

PMID- 3855563
TI  - Mammalian reticulocytes lose adhesion to fibronectin during maturation to
      erythrocytes.
AB  - We describe three situations in which a large fraction of circulating red blood
      cells attach tightly and specifically to fibronectin: (i) rabbits made anemic by
      repeated bleeding, (ii) patients with hemolytic anemia and functional asplenia
      and splenectomized normal humans, and (iii) splenectomized mice. Upon induction
      of anemia in rabbits, the proportion of circulating red blood cells capable of
      specifically attaching to fibronectin-coated plastic increased in parallel with
      the number of reticulocytes. Fibronectin-adherent red cells were barely
      detectable when the rabbit had recovered from the anemia. Attachment of
      reticulocytes to fibronectin was specific; cells did not attach to dishes coated
      with albumin, laminin, or collagen. None of these proteins promoted the
      attachment of normal erythrocytes. About 75% of the erythrocytes from
      splenectomized mice (but not control mice) also attached specifically to
      fibronectin 40 days after surgery. The effect of splenectomy was incomplete and
      transient; adherent cells were not detectable 8 weeks after splenectomy. As
      judged by labeling studies with [35S]methionine, newly emergent reticulocytes
      preferentially attached to fibronectin. We suggest that about half of the
      reticulocytes in erythropoietically unstressed mice lose their ability to attach
      to fibronectin, possibly due to loss of fibronectin-adhesive components, during
      passage through the spleen. The others lose their ability to interact with
      fibronectin before release, in the bone marrow, or in some extrasplenic site.

PMID- 3855564
TI  - Molecular approach to thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue: cDNA cloning of the
      mitochondrial uncoupling protein.
AB  - The uncoupling protein (UCP) of mammalian brown fat is a specialized and unique
      component responsible for energy dissipation as heat. Translation and
      immunoprecipitation from sucrose-fractionated mRNA indicated that the mRNA of UCP
      sedimented at 14-16 S. A recombinant cDNA library prepared from mRNA of
      thermoactive brown fat enriched for UCP mRNA has been constructed and cloned in
      Escherichia coli. Recombinant plasmids were screened by differential colony
      hybridization to a cDNA probe complementary to poly(A)+ RNA isolated from
      thermogenic or from weakly thermogenic brown fat. Several differentially
      hybridizing plasmids were shown to contain UCP cDNA sequences by their ability to
      select a mRNA coding for an in vitro translation product that was
      immunoprecipitable with antibodies against UCP. Blot hybridization of brown fat
      mRNA to a 32P-labeled UCP cDNA probe revealed two major species of mRNA (15S and
      18S). As compared to non-thermogenic tissue, a strikingly increased hybridization
      to the probe was observed with brown fat mRNA from thermoactive tissue. Moreover,
      hybridization was observed with RNA of brown adipose tissue from rat, hamster, or
      mouse but not with RNA from rat or mouse liver.

PMID- 3855565
TI  - Oxidative stress and protective mechanisms in erythrocytes in relation to
      Plasmodium vinckei load.
AB  - The protection of mouse erythrocytes (RBC) parasitized with Plasmodium vinckei
      vinckei against activated oxygen species was examined in relation to the
      intraerythrocytic parasite load. RBC from highly infected animals were separated
      by density gradient centrifugation into six bands with increasing parasite
      content and with parasitemias ranging from 17% to 100%. Increase in parasite load
      was accompanied by a decrease in the activities of the enzymes superoxide
      dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), glutathione peroxidase (EC
      1.11.1.9), glutathione reductase [NAD(P)H] (EC 1.6.4.2), and NADH-methemoglobin
      reductase (EC 1.6.2.2; NADH:ferricytochrome b5 oxidoreductase) in the RBC
      lysates. In contrast, the total amount of reduced glutathione increased in the
      highly parasitized bands. Furthermore, the vitamin E content of all RBC bands,
      including the one that contained mainly nonparasitized erythrocytes, was 3- to 5
      fold higher than that of control noninfected RBC. Increasing parasite load was
      accompanied by an increase in the production of malonyldialdehyde, indicating
      enhanced lipid peroxidation. Our results indicate that oxidative stress is
      experienced by all RBC during a malarial infection and is accompanied by a
      variety of changes in the antioxidant defense mechanisms of the host and the
      parasite. Furthermore, it appears that the plasma membrane of the host cell is
      better protected against oxidative injury than are the membranes surrounding the
      parasite.

PMID- 3855567
TI  - Comparison of chemically induced and spontaneous murine thymic lymphomas in RF
      and AKR mice: differential expression of c-myc and c-myb.
AB  - Expression of 11 cellular oncogenes was determined in normal vs. lymphomatous
      thymic tissues of RF and AKR mice; only c-myc and c-myb transcripts were detected
      in an age-inappropriate pattern in thymomas. Normal thymocytes from young RF mice
      contained RNA transcripts of both genes, but the transcripts were no longer
      detected at 9 or more weeks of age. More than 90% of RF thymomas, occurring at 20
      28 weeks of age after skin painting with 3-methylcholanthrene at 12 weeks,
      contained c-myc transcripts, and 70% of the tumors contained c-myb transcripts.
      Seven cell lines derived from these 3-methylcholanthrene thymomas expressed both
      cellular genes, as did 2 rare spontaneous thymomas of 12-month-old RF mice. No
      indication of rearrangement or amplification of either gene was seen in any of
      the RF tumors or cell lines. In AKR mice, transcripts of the 2 genes persisted
      longer in the normal thymus than in RF mice, but they were no longer detected at
      26 weeks of age. Of 3 thymomas in 6-month-old 3-methylcholanthrene-treated AKR
      mice, all expressed c-myb and 2 expressed c-myc. Among 11 spontaneous AKR
      thymomas, however, only 2 showed detectable levels of both genes, and 2 more
      expressed c-myc or c-myb but not both.

PMID- 3855566
TI  - Neuropeptide Y affects secretion of luteinizing hormone and growth hormone in
      ovariectomized rats.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has recently been localized in the rat hypothalamus. We have
      evaluated the effects of NPY on hypothalamic and pituitary function by injecting
      NPY into the third ventricle in vivo and by examining its action on perifused
      pituitary cells in vitro. Injections of NPY into the third ventricle of conscious
      ovariectomized rats led to a dramatic and highly significant reduction in plasma
      luteinizing hormone (LH) relative to pretreatment levels in these animals or to
      those of controls injected with physiological saline. Significant inhibition was
      obtained with doses ranging from 0.02 to 5.0 micrograms (4.7-1175 pmol) of NPY.
      These inhibitory effects on LH release were dose dependent and lasted for at
      least 120 min after injection of 5.0 micrograms of NPY. Intraventricular
      injection of NPY also significantly decreased plasma growth hormone; however, the
      threshold dose was 2.0 micrograms (470 pmol), a dose 100-fold greater than the
      lowest dose that inhibited LH release. Plasma follicle-stimulating hormone was
      unaffected by injection of NPY. NPY (10(-6) and 10(-7) M) stimulated secretion of
      LH, growth hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone from perifused anterior
      pituitary cells loaded in a Bio-Gel P-2 column. These results indicate that NPY
      acts on structures adjacent to the third ventricle to inhibit the secretion of LH
      and growth hormone but not follicle-stimulating hormone, whereas it can directly
      stimulate the secretion of all three hormones from the cells of the anterior
      pituitary in vitro. Since NPY has been found in the hypothalamus and median
      eminence, it is quite likely that it plays a physiologically significant role at
      both hypothalamic and pituitary sites: influencing secretion of pituitary
      hormones.

PMID- 3855568
TI  - Ascorbic acid mediates acetylcholine receptor increase induced by brain extract
      on myogenic cells.
AB  - Extracts of fetal calf brain cause a 3- to 5-fold increase in acetylcholine
      receptors (AcChoR) on cultured myogenic L5 cells. Purification of the substance
      causing the major portion of this receptor increase has been completed.
      Ultraviolet spectral characteristics, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectra,
      and AcChoR induction by the active factor are the same as those of commercially
      available ascorbic acid. The biological activity of ascorbic acid is not mimicked
      by reducing agents with or without sulfhydryl groups. Compounds related to
      ascorbic acid were tested for their ability to induce AcChoR increases on L5
      cells. D-Isoascorbic acid is the only substance with identical biological
      activity to ascorbic acid. Dehydroascorbic acid and ascorbic acid 2-O-sulfate
      also induce AcChoR increases but with lower specific activity. These data show
      that ascorbic acid can play a role in regulating AcChoR expression in myogenic
      tissue, and the presence of ascorbic acid in the purified fraction from fetal
      calf brain accounts for its ability to increase AcChoR in L5 cells.

PMID- 3855569
TI  - Different effects of N-ethylmaleimide on M1 and M2 muscarine receptors in rat
      brain.
AB  - N-Ethylmaleimide (MalNEt) disclosed three differences between M2 muscarine
      receptors in membranes from the rat brainstem and M1 receptors in the
      hippocampus. At 0.1 mM, MalNEt completely interconverted the higher affinity
      state of M2 receptors for carbachol to a lower affinity state, while having no
      effect on the two affinity states of M1. This "uncoupling" effect is similar to
      that produced by guanine nucleotides and appears to be due to separation of an
      agonist-receptor complex from a guanine nucleotide-binding protein. Higher MalNEt
      concentrations (1-5 mM) increased the affinity of uncoupled M2 receptors, again
      without effect on M1 states. Finally, in MalNEt, the affinity of M2 receptors for
      carbachol was different from values for M1 receptors. Thus, MalNEt is an
      excellent agent for distinguishing M1 and M2 receptors and the two states of M2
      receptors. MalNEt had no effect on the affinity or M1-selectivity of the
      antagonist pirenzepine.

PMID- 3855570
TI  - Life span and tumor incidence in rats receiving postradiation treatment with ATP
      AET-mexamine mixture.
AB  - Rat females were exposed to a single 4.0-Gy gamma-ray dose and treated
      postradiation with a mixture of ATP-AET-mexamine at daily doses of 24, 12, and 3
      mg/kg body wt, respectively, in drinking water throughout the period of their
      survival. With the radiation dose used, life shortening appeared primarily
      attributable to nonstochastic effects. The mixture of chemical protectors failed
      to show modification of long-term radiation effects with regard to either life
      span or tumor incidence.

PMID- 3855571
TI  - Intermediate and high-dose ARA-C and m-AMSA (or daunorubicin) as remission and
      consolidation treatment for patients with relapsed acute leukaemia and
      lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
AB  - 27 patients (aged 15-55 years) with relapsed acute myelogenous (AML) and
      lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), and with lymphoblastic non Hodgkin's lymphoma
      (NHL) have been treated with intermediate dose cytosine arabinoside (AraC, 1 g/m2
      q 12 h X 12) and 3 d of m-AMSA (20 patients), 90-115 mg/m2 daily, or daunorubicin
      (7 patients). 18 of them attained a complete remission (AML 10/14, ALL 3/5, NHL
      5/8). 7 patients received consolidation treatment with 1-2 courses comprising 4 d
      of AraC (3 g/m2 q 12 h X 8) and m-AMSA (90-115 mg/m2) on d 5 of each course. 2
      patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and 9 received no
      further treatment after remission induction. In addition to vomiting, fever and
      conjunctivitis, toxicity in 6 patients included a combination of severe
      diarrhoea, fever and signs of paralytic ileus. 3 of them died during the
      pancytopenic phase. The pancytopenic period ranged from 16-25 d (median 21 d)
      after the remission induction and 14-21 d (median 19 d) after the consolidation
      course. Median remission duration was 5 months for those patients who received no
      treatment after remission induction and greater than 9 months (4+ - 16+ months)
      for the patients who received consolidation courses. Increased dosages of AraC
      are active in relapsed leukaemia and lymphoma, although optimal dose and schedule
      are still undetermined.

PMID- 3855572
TI  - Subtle early osteosarcoma.
AB  - Seven cases of osteosarcoma in their very early stage of development are
      presented. With the exception of two cases the tumors were overlooked in the
      first radiographic examination. Two cases demonstrated increased density, three
      revealed subtle erosion or lytic destruction, and one case had no definite
      abnormality in plain radiographs but the computed tomography was abnormal. The
      value of additional radiographic modalities is outlined. The necessity of a high
      degree of suspicion for early diagnosis of osteosarcoma is stressed.

PMID- 3855573
TI  - Case report 300. Parosteal osteosarcoma arising from the proximal end of the left
      radius.

PMID- 3855575
TI  - An evaluation of sterilization procedures of diamond cutting instruments.

PMID- 3855574
TI  - Case of the month. Oral florid papillomatosis.

PMID- 3855576
TI  - [Psychogenic regression or limbic syndrome? Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3855577
TI  - Interventional uroradiology.

PMID- 3855578
TI  - Serial Hemoccult stool screening for colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3855579
TI  - Cytology of argyrophilic carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Aspirations of breast lesions from 57 patients were studied by evaluating
      Grimelius-stained smears in order to determine the cytologic features of
      argyrophilic carcinoma and the reliability of argyrophilia as a characteristic of
      malignancy. The cytologic preparations were compared with histologic material.
      Sixteen benign lesions, 24 carcinomas correctly diagnosed by cytology and 5
      carcinomas with technically inadequate smears were argyrophil negative. Five of
      12 carcinomas with equivocal cytology were argyrophilic. There was perfect to
      case-to-case correlation between argyrophilia seen on histologic slides and on
      smears. The smears of the 5 argyrophilic carcinomas and 2 of the argyrophil
      negative carcinomas with equivocal cytology shared features in common not seen in
      the other 50 smears: elongated cells with eccentric, round-to-oval nuclei and
      granular or opaque cytoplasm. These features can alert the pathologist to the
      possibility of malignancy in smears with equivocal cytology. A positive stain for
      argyrophilia will further increase the index of suspicion.

PMID- 3855580
TI  - Aspiration cytology of solitary schwannoma.
AB  - The aspiration cytology of two cases of solitary schwannoma is documented. The
      first tumor was retroperitoneal and cystic; the aspirated fluid showed single,
      regular, spindle-shaped cells with cigar-shaped nuclei and scanty wavy cytoplasm
      in addition to lymphocytes and foamy histiocytes. The second tumor was solid and
      peripheral; its aspiration smears revealed spindle-shaped cells with cigar-shaped
      nuclei present singly or in clusters showing nuclei in a palisading pattern.

PMID- 3855581
TI  - Pulmonary dirofilariasis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy. A case
      report.
AB  - A case of pulmonary dirofilariasis in a 62-year-old female was diagnosed by fine
      needle aspiration biopsy. A review of the literature revealed this to be the
      first reported case diagnosed by this method. The presence of bilateral lesions
      in this patient is an uncommon finding for this entity.

PMID- 3855582
TI  - Focal adenomatoid hyperplasia of salivary glands. A differential diagnostic
      problem in fine needle aspiration biopsy.
AB  - Adenomatoid hyperplasia of minor salivary glands is an idiopathic lesion usually
      involving the palate and mimicking a primary salivary gland neoplasm. In
      particular, the lesions may resemble low-grade mucoepidermoid tumors clinically
      and by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. An illustrative case is presented,
      and the nature of this unusual entity is reviewed. Its importance in the
      differential diagnosis of FNA biopsies of minor salivary gland lesions is also
      discussed.

PMID- 3855583
TI  - Necrosis of thyroid nodules after fine needle aspiration.
AB  - In a series of 200 fine needle aspirations (FNA) of the thyroid, necrosis around
      the needle tract was histologically evident in 2 of 30 cases with surgical follow
      up. In one case of a differentiated thyroid carcinoma, necrosis with involution
      of the nodule was the dominant finding. This suggests that FNA can induce
      necrosis and apparent clinical regression of thyroid neoplasms. We believe,
      however, that a positive cytologic diagnosis coupled with a clinical suspicion of
      neoplasm should lead to surgical intervention, despite clinical regression
      following FNA.

PMID- 3855584
TI  - Fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology of renal oncocytoma.
AB  - The cytologic appearance of cells in fine needle aspiration biopsies of two cases
      of well-differentiated renal oncocytoma (grade 1) and one case of moderately well
      differentiated renal oncocytoma (grade 2) is presented. In grade 1 renal
      oncocytoma, the tumor cells were seen mainly singly or in small clusters; they
      were round or polygonal, with abundant granular and eosinophilic cytoplasm and
      small, regular, round, hyperchromatic nuclei. Aspirated cells from the grade 2
      renal oncocytoma were seen mainly in large sheets. These cells were polygonal,
      with eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm and slightly irregular vesicular nuclei
      with prominent nucleoli.

PMID- 3855585
TI  - Role of percutaneous pelvic node aspiration cytology in the management of bladder
      carcinoma.
AB  - Six of the 23 patients with bladder carcinoma who underwent percutaneous pelvic
      node aspiration biopsy cytology for staging purposes showed positive findings
      from nodal chains. Pelvic lymphadenectomy revealed no false-positive or false
      negative cytologic results. The fine needle aspiration of opacified pelvic nodes
      under fluoroscopic control is of great diagnostic value, with a high accuracy in
      detecting nodal extension of bladder carcinoma and providing a rational basis for
      proper therapy. Positive aspiration results may be accepted as a basis for
      therapeutic decisions. Since the metastatic involvement of multiple nodes makes
      any therapeutic treatment as well as cystectomy completely useless, positive
      aspirations from more than two nodes may spare patients an unnecessary radical
      surgery.

PMID- 3855586
TI  - Ependymal cyst of the subarachnoid space. Cytologic diagnosis and developmental
      considerations.
AB  - Fluid aspirated from a subarachnoid cystic lesion that covered and compressed
      part of the left frontal lobe was examined cytologically and compared with
      histologic sections of the cyst wall. The fluid contained epithelial and
      histiocytelike cell populations. The epithelial cells were tall columnar,
      occurring singly or in clusters or sheets. Many cells were ciliated and their
      cytoplasm showed characteristic refractile granules. The differential diagnosis
      of this rare type of subarachnoid cyst and the mechanism of the development are
      discussed. Cytologic evaluation of the fluid of the subarachnoid cysts is
      potentially a more accurate method of classification of these lesions than is
      random biopsy of the cyst wall. It is of particular importance in cases with a
      history of growth, in which the progressive expansion results in attenuation of
      the diagnostic epithelial lining of the cyst.

PMID- 3855587
TI  - Granulocytic sarcoma with pleural involvement. Identification of neoplastic cells
      with cytochemistry.
AB  - Malignant cells were detected in the pleural effusion of a patient with three
      separate primary malignancies. These cells were judged by conventional
      morphologic studies to be poorly differentiated cells, but cytochemical studies
      showed them to be granulocytic precursor cells. The use of cytochemical or
      immunochemical techniques may be most practical for the cytodiagnosis of
      malignant cells in serous effusions.

PMID- 3855588
TI  - Immunocytochemical diagnosis of acute leukemia with pleural involvement.
AB  - Cytologic examination of the pleural effusion from a patient with acute leukemia,
      leukocytosis and bleeding revealed the presence of many leukemic cells,
      "lymphocytes" and erythrocytes. The significance of these cellular changes was
      investigated by simultaneous study of blood and effusion leukocytes by
      morphologic, cytochemical and immunochemical methods. Both the leukemic blasts
      and the "lymphocytes" in the effusion and the blood were found to be neoplastic
      and contained antigens characteristic of both myeloid cells (OKM-1) and
      lymphoblasts (C-ALLA, common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen). These
      results, when analyzed in the context of the clinical findings, were indicative
      of acute leukemia with pleural involvement. Such a clinically oriented approach
      may further enhance the potential of cytodiagnosis in patients with serous
      effusions.

PMID- 3855589
TI  - Primary amyloid tumor of the breast. Case report and literature review.
AB  - An example of localized amyloid deposition in the breast of an elderly woman is
      reported. Fine needle aspiration biopsy yielded clumps of amorphous material,
      which stained violet with the May-Grunwald-Giemsa technique. The amyloid appeared
      to be of the AA type on histochemical analysis. The lesion was clinically
      associated, probably coincidentally, with a stage II carcinoma of the cervix. The
      nature and classification of amyloid is briefly reviewed, and the role of fine
      needle aspiration cytology in its diagnosis is discussed.

PMID- 3855590
TI  - Coexistence of aspergillosis and squamous-cell carcinoma in the maxillary sinus
      proven by preoperative cytology.
AB  - The case of a 56-year-old female with coexisting aspergillosis and squamous-cell
      carcinoma in the maxillary sinus is reported. The diagnosis was established by
      cytologic study of washings of the sinus before and after admission and was
      confirmed by exploratory antrotomy. To our knowledge, this is the first case in
      which the coexistence of fungus and neoplasm in the paranasal sinus was
      established by preoperative cytologic diagnosis.

PMID- 3855591
TI  - Cytology of mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis metastatic to the lung.
AB  - The case of a 63-year-old man with malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis
      testis confirmed by electron microscopy is presented. The tumor recurred in the
      scrotal skin and subsequently metastasized to the inguinal and retroperitoneal
      lymph nodes. Four and a half years after the original diagnosis, pulmonary
      metastases were discovered by cytologic examination of bronchial washings and
      confirmed by transbronchial lung biopsy. The cytologic features of the metastatic
      malignant mesothelial cells are described and compared to those of mesothelioma
      cells in body cavity fluids. The role of cytology in the early detection of such
      tumors is discussed.

PMID- 3855592
TI  - Primary malignant lymphoma of the brain in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3855593
TI  - Cervical tuberculosis with carcinoma in situ: a cytodiagnosis.

PMID- 3855594
TI  - Megakaryocytes in ascitic fluid in a case of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia.

PMID- 3855595
TI  - Benign-appearing mesothelioma cells in a serous effusion.

PMID- 3855596
TI  - Blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia with mast cell and basophilic
      precursors.
AB  - The authors report a patient with Ph1-positive chronic granulocytic leukemia
      (CGL) who developed "blast crisis" after six years of chronic phase. The presence
      of mast cell precursors and basophil blasts was demonstrated by ultrastructural
      morphology and cytochemistry. Membrane phenotype studies with monoclonal
      antibodies helped in the further characterization of these cells. The possible
      implication of these findings in the origin of mast cells and the relationship of
      these cells with basophils are discussed.

PMID- 3855597
TI  - Relationship between patients' age, bone marrow karyotype, and outcome of
      induction therapy in acute myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - Bone marrow karyotypes were performed in 88 cases of adult acute myelogenous
      leukemia (AML) at diagnosis and classified NN (normal), AA (abnormal), and AN
      (mixture of normal and abnormal metaphases). A clear relationship was found
      between karyotype and complete remission (CR) rate: 58% CR in (NN + AN) cases;
      14% CR in AA cases (P less than .009). This relationship was even stronger when
      only patients under 60 years of age were studied. Considering failures of
      induction treatment, no relationship was found between the NN/AN/AA
      classification and a drug resistance. In patients over 60, the worse prognosis
      could be explained by an inferior ability to tolerate intensive treatment.

PMID- 3855598
TI  - Evidence for two isozymes of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase in leukemic
      leukocytes.
AB  - Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) is a granulocyte enzyme whose level of
      expression is markedly altered in various disease states. We have characterized
      LAP from normal cells and leukemic cells with a high level of LAP activity in
      order to determine whether increased enzyme levels are caused by increased levels
      of the same enzyme or induction of a different alkaline phosphatase. Leukocyte
      alkaline phosphatase was purified from normal granulocytes and from leukemic
      cells of a patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) in blast phase with
      an elevated LAP level. LAP was partially purified utilizing diethylaminoethyl
      (DEAE)-cellulose ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and preparative
      electrophoresis. The sample prepared from normal granulocytes contained a single
      protein with LAP activity having a molecular weight of 61,000 as determined by
      SDS gel electrophoresis. The sample from the CGL blast-phase cells, however,
      demonstrated two proteins with alkaline phosphatase activity, one with a
      molecular weight of 61,000 (LAPs) and one with a molecular weight of 45,000
      (LAPf). Differential heat inactivation and distinct isoelectric points of the two
      isozymes suggest that they are different proteins. We interpret our data to
      suggest two closely related LAP alleles whose expression is controlled
      independently. This may represent either genetic heterogeneity or induction of
      "tumor marker" gene expression.

PMID- 3855600
TI  - Philadelphia-chromosome-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia with lymphoid stem
      cell blastic transformation.
AB  - A patient is described who had blastic transformation of Ph1 negative chronic
      myelogenous leukemia (Ph1 - CML). Characterization of the leukemic cells revealed
      a population with a lymphoid stem cell phenotype (cALL-, TdT+, Ia+, cIgM-). This
      particular phenotype may be responsible for the refractoriness to vincristine and
      prednisone and the rapid downhill course.

PMID- 3855599
TI  - Lack of relationship between in vitro cell measurements and response to busulfan
      in chronic myelocytic leukemia.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with chronic-phase CML have been treated with intermittent
      courses of busulfan to determine if the duration of unmaintained remission
      becomes progressively shorter with successive courses of therapy and to determine
      whether there was a relationship between cluster and colony formation, suicide
      index of CFUc, labeling index, percentage of cells in S-phase (as determined by
      cytofluorographic DNA histogram analysis), in vitro sensitivity of the CFUc to
      busulfan, and response to busulfan therapy. Serial studies in individual patients
      and the group as a whole revealed no relationship between changes in the cellular
      parameters described above and response to busulfan. The white blood cell (WBC)
      doubling time with serial courses of busulfan in individual patients did not
      always progressively decrease as has been previously reported. In vitro studies
      of CFUc in chronic-phase CML appear to be of no value in predicting response to
      busulfan.

PMID- 3855601
TI  - The effect of vaginal administration of various doses of prostaglandin E2 gel on
      cervical ripening and induction of labor.
AB  - Eighty patients with a Bishop score of less than or equal to 4 were randomly
      administered vaginal triacetin gel containing placebo or prostaglandin E2 in 1,
      2, and 3 mg doses. Twelve to sixteen hours later, those not in labor underwent
      oxytocin induction. Increasing doses of prostaglandin were effective in ripening
      the cervix, and the higher doses were associated with significant success in
      inducing labor.

PMID- 3855602
TI  - Prostaglandin production and stimulation by angiotensin II in the isolated
      perfused human placental cotyledon.
AB  - Levels of prostaglandins E and F2 alpha, thromboxane B2, and 6-oxo-prostaglandin
      F1 alpha were measured by radioimmunoassay in the maternal and fetal effluents of
      isolated human placental cotyledons perfused in vitro. All prostaglandins
      measured were released in greater amounts by the maternal side than by the fetal
      side of the perfused cotyledon although there were no consistent concentration
      gradients between the two sides. The approximate rank order of prostaglandin
      release into the maternal side was thromboxane B2 greater than prostaglandin F2
      alpha congruent to prostaglandin E congruent to 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha, and
      that into the fetal side was thromboxane B2 congruent to prostaglandin F2 alpha
      congruent to prostaglandin E congruent to 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha. Injection
      of angiotensin II (0.5 microgram) into the fetal circulation stimulated
      prostaglandin E and 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha but not thromboxane B2 and
      prostaglandin F2 alpha release into the fetal circulation and had no effect on
      maternal release. Angiotensin II (0.5 microgram) had no effect on either side of
      the perfused cotyledon when injected into the maternal circulation. It is
      proposed that prostaglandin release into both maternal and fetal circulations may
      be flow-dependent and that the angiotensin II-stimulated release of prostaglandin
      E and 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha may serve to modulate the vasoactive actions
      of angiotensin II on the fetal vasculature.

PMID- 3855603
TI  - Are CA125 and placental alkaline phosphatase the same antigen?

PMID- 3855604
TI  - Psychosocial implications of malocclusion: a 15-year follow-up study in 30-year
      old Danes.
AB  - Long-term psychosocial effects of malocclusion should be studied longitudinally
      from childhood to adulthood in orthodontically untreated populations. In 1965-66,
      the occurrence of morphologic traits of malocclusion was recorded in 977 Danish
      adolescents who had no access to organized orthodontic care. In a follow-up study
      15 years later, a questionnaire was mailed to the subjects; this contained
      general questions about body image and specific inquiries concerning self
      perception and social implications of dental appearance. The response rate was
      86%. Ten percent had received orthodontic treatment. In the remaining
      individuals, only one entry among thirteen items of body image--the teeth--was
      rated significantly less satisfactory by subjects with malocclusion at
      adolescence than by subjects without malocclusion at adolescence. The lowest
      ratings were observed in subjects with extreme maxillary overjet, extreme deep
      bite, and crowding. Highly significant differences were found between the two
      groups (subjects with and without malocclusion) in recalling adolescent awareness
      of malocclusion, dissatisfaction with the appearance of the teeth, and
      unfavorable appearance of the teeth compared with those of peers. Schoolmates'
      teasing occurred seven times more often in the presence of malocclusion.
      Differences were less marked in the perceptions of the same individuals in
      adulthood. However, in both adolescence and adulthood unfavorable perceptions of
      the teeth were expressed significantly more often by subjects with extreme
      maxillary overjet, extreme deep bite, and crowding. No association was found
      between malocclusion and present occupational status. It was concluded that
      certain malocclusions, especially conspicuous occlusal and space anomalies, may
      adversely affect body image and self-concept, not only at adolescence but also in
      adulthood.

PMID- 3855605
TI  - Orthognathic surgery norms for American black patients.
AB  - Upon analyzing the literature, it becomes apparent that the hard- and soft-tissue
      norms of blacks differ from those of whites. However, these established black
      norms are not complete when evaluating potential surgical cases. Therefore, the
      intent of this study was to establish black norms that will be valuable aids for
      diagnosis in such cases. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken of 50 white
      adults (25 male, 25 female) and 50 black North American adults (25 male, 25
      female). All subjects met the following criteria: 18 to 50 years of age; a normal
      Class I skeletal and dental relationship without any severe anteroposterior,
      vertical, or transverse discrepancies; and a balanced profile. The tracings
      involved 24 measurements that were analyzed with a digitizer. Sexual
      differentiation was included within each measurement. Significant differences
      between white and black subjects were found in the following areas: hard tissue
      (SNA, ANB, mandibular length, and the Wits analysis); dental (anterior dental
      height [ADH], amount of tooth exposure at rest, upper incisor-palatal plane [UI
      PP], and lower incisor-mandibular plane [LI-MP]); and soft tissue (nasolabial
      angle [NLA], upper lip length [ULL], lower lip length [LLL], throat length [TL],
      and the lip-chin-throat angle [LCTA]). From a practical point of view, this study
      can be used by orthodontists and oral surgeons to aid in the diagnosis of black
      patients contemplating orthognathic surgery.

PMID- 3855607
TI  - An analysis of the variation of the ANB angle: a statistical appraisal.
AB  - The variation of the ANB angle was studied in a sample which consisted of 138
      orthodontically untreated children 7 to 15 years of age with Class I, Class II,
      or Class III (Angle) malocclusion. A regression analysis was used in order to
      describe the proportion of the distorting variation caused by some usual changes
      in the cranial and facial skeleton. The results revealed that a part of the
      variation of the ANB angle could be attributed to factors other than the actual
      apical base difference, among these factors being the rotation of the S-N plane,
      the relative length of the S-N plane, and the rotation of the jaws. Because the
      ANB angle can vary without any marked abnormalities in the sagittal jaw
      relationship, the use of the so-called normal limits for the ANB angle is not
      justified. It would be better to replace the ANB angle with a more accurate
      indicator.

PMID- 3855608
TI  - Activator headgear therapy.
AB  - A method of treatment is described using an activator and cervical headgear
      simultaneously to correct malocclusions of the Class II, Division 1 type. The
      case reports of ten treated patients are used to demonstrate the effects of the
      application of this technique. Changes in the dentition and facial skeleton were
      analyzed and the significance of the different responses to the application of
      the same appliances assessed. The hypothesis proposing that a simultaneous
      application of both appliances may result in a number of desirable effects
      greater than that induced by each individual appliance is examined. The
      hypothetical basis for the application of this technique is partially
      substantiated by the clinical observations. Within a period of about 1 year,
      correction of the Class II molar occlusion to a Class I molar occlusion is
      obtained, with a simultaneous reduction of overbite and overjet. Skeletal changes
      were found to be variable and related to facial type and the rate of facial
      growth. Brachyfacial and mesofacial types responded most favorably to treatment.
      The most favorable effects were observed when there was a large quantitative
      mandibular growth and brachyfacial or mesofacial growth pattern. In dolichofacial
      types with a slow mandibular growth rate, mandibular rotation was found to be
      clockwise; cervical traction appears contraindicated, and a combination of
      activator with occipital medium to high pull is considered more appropriate.

PMID- 3855606
TI  - Recovery of the dental and periodontal tissues of the rat incisor following
      application of continuous intrusive loads: a long-term study.
AB  - The present investigation deals with the functional recovery of the rat incisor
      periodontium following application of optimal intrusive loads for a period of 2
      weeks and addresses the relationship between function and integrity of dental and
      periodontal tissues. The daily rate of eruption served as an indicator of the
      functional capacity of the rat periodontal ligament (PDL), while the condition of
      the PDL was evaluated by means of serial histologic sections. The left mandibular
      incisors of thirteen experimental and seven control rats were shortened to
      prevent occlusion, and calibrated loads of 19 +/- 1.6 grams were applied to the
      teeth of the experimental animals. Following removal of the springs, the daily
      rate of eruption of all teeth was measured during a recovery period of 80 days.
      In all experimental animals, prolonged impairment of the eruptive potential had
      occurred: In 50% the rate of eruption was fully restored 8 weeks after removal of
      the loads, and in these animals the histologic evaluation showed an almost normal
      PDL. In the remaining 50% gross impediment in the eruption rate persisted
      throughout the entire experimental period. The intratissue forces operating
      during the recovery period had sufficient strength to cause a degree of
      periodontal injury equivalent to that ensuant on direct loading. Extensive newly
      developed necrotic lesions were evident in the initially stretched mesial PDL.
      Areas of dentin resorption, denuded cementum, and injured enamel appeared a
      considerable time after load removal. Periodontal injury included disorientation
      and loss of attachment of collagen fibers, presence of scarlike tissue, and
      infiltration of inflammatory cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3855609
TI  - Interaction of aspartame and carbohydrates in an eating-disordered patient.

PMID- 3855610
TI  - Nicotine used as emetic by a patient with bulimia.

PMID- 3855611
TI  - Are eating disorders and affective disorders related?

PMID- 3855612
TI  - Are DSM-III criteria for bulimia too broad?

PMID- 3855613
TI  - Association between mediastinal germ cell tumors and hematologic malignancies.
      Report of two cases and review of the literature.
AB  - A hematologic malignancy occurred simultaneously with a malignant mediastinal
      germ cell tumor in two men. In one instance the blood disorder was acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia, and in the other, malignant histiocytosis. We
      subsequently identified nine additional patients, all male (age range 12-48
      years), with a mediastinal germ cell tumor and either acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia or malignant histiocytosis. Six of the 11 patients had not received
      either radiation or chemotherapy before development of the hematologic
      malignancy. One patient developed malignant histiocytosis and was found to have a
      malignant mediastinal germ cell tumor after having received steroid therapy for a
      renal allograft. The four remaining patients developed acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia 5-32 months after initiation of irradiation or chemotherapy for a
      mediastinal germ cell tumor. In four patients with acute leukemia, karyotypic
      analysis established the clonal nature of the leukemic process. Although the
      leukemia may be therapy-related in four or possibly five patients, this
      explanation cannot be applied to the remaining six patients. These six patients,
      coupled with studies of in vitro growth characteristics of teratocarcinoma cells
      described previously, suggest that a previously unrecognized association between
      malignant mediastinal germ cell tumors and hematologic malignancies may exist in
      humans.

PMID- 3855614
TI  - Noninvasive assessment by radiotelemetry of antacid effect during labor.
AB  - A noninvasive radiotelemetry technique was used to study the antacid effect of 15
      ml of 0.3 M sodium citrate in 26 women in established labor. The subjects
      swallowed a pH radio pill, whose signal was detected transabdominally by a radio
      receiver. The median and range of values for the time to return to the preantacid
      basal pH for all of the women in labor was 84.0 (11.8-195.8) min. However, there
      was a significant difference (P less than 0.05) in the duration of action of
      sodium citrate between the women who had received no analgesia and those given
      intramuscular meperidine. The median and range of values for the time to return
      to the preantacid basal pH in patients who had received meperidine during labor
      was 166.0 (147.7-195.8) min, whilst in those who had received no analgesia the
      values were 56.7 (11.8-143.0) min. There were no significant differences between
      patients given no analgesia and those given extradural analgesia. Pretreatment
      with intravaginal prostaglandins (PGE2) did not influence antacid effect.

PMID- 3855615
TI  - [Tumor markers of pancreatic cancer].
AB  - To determine the clinical usefulness for diagnosis and monitoring of pancreatic
      tumor markers, serum levels of CA 19-9 (RIA; less than or equal to 37U/ml), POA
      (EIA; less than 11 U/ml), CEA (EIA; less than or equal to 4.4 ng/ml) and TPA
      (RIA; less than or equal to 110 U/ml) were measured in 57 patients with
      pancreatic cancer and 25 patients with benign diseases of the pancreas.
      Frequencies of elevation for pancreatic cancers were 73.9% for CA 19-9, 69.2% for
      POA, 48.9% for CEA and 73.2% for TPA. Furthermore, the frequencies of elevation
      at relatively early stages of pancreatic cancer were not high. It was therefore
      thought that these markers were unsuitable for early diagnosis of pancreatic
      cancers. Although serum levels of CA 19-9 and POA in cases of pancreatic cancer
      were distributed up to on extremely high level, those for benign diseases of the
      pancreas were located up to twice the values of the cut-off levels. Therefore,
      these two markers seem promising for differentiating preoperatively between
      pancreatic cancer and benign diseases of the pancreas. CA 19-9 and POA were also
      useful for monitoring the recurrence of pancreatic cancer. In particular,
      patients with high preoperative levels seem good candidates for postoperative
      monitoring.

PMID- 3855616
TI  - [Complete remission obtained in refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia using high
      dose cytosine arabinoside combined with low-dose L-asparaginase].
AB  - A 41-year-old male was diagnosed as acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in November,
      1982 and partial remission was obtained by a combination chemotherapy of LVP, DVP
      ABOP and VAMP. In January, 1983, peripheral blood showed an increasing number of
      leukemic cells and he was readmitted to our hospital. WBC count in the peripheral
      blood was 13,200/mm3 and an 82% ratio of leukemic cells was observed. Bone marrow
      aspiration showed a hypercellularity of 89.4% leukemic cells. High-dose Ara-C
      therapy was started at a dose of 3 g/m2 i.v. every 12 hours for 6 days. Leukemic
      cells in peripheral blood were rapidly decreased in number, and the nucleated
      cell count of bone marrow was also reduced after 3 weeks of treatment, however
      95% of leukemic cells remained. Low-dose L-asparaginase was then supplemented at
      a dose of 2000 U for 3 days, and 2 months later complete remission was achieved.
      The side effects associated with this high-dose Ara-C therapy were nausea,
      vomiting, diarrhea, fever and conjunctivitis, although these were tolerable.
      These observations suggest that high-dose Ara-C combined with L-asparaginase
      should be added to the treatment of leukemia which is refractory to conventional
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3855617
TI  - Diarrhoea due to Cryptosporidium in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - We describe a case of recurring cryptosporidiosis during immunosuppressive
      treatment. The infection occurred after contact with an affected kitten and
      followed a less severe course than expected. After withdrawal of
      immunosuppressive treatment the infection resolved.

PMID- 3855618
TI  - HLA antigens and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - HLA antigens and clinical features in a series of 46 Caucasian patients (40
      females, 6 males) and definite repeatedly seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      of more than two years' duration (mean 11.6 years) were compared with those in 77
      seropositive RA patients and 110 controls of the same ethnic and geographic
      origin. Seronegative RA appeared to be less often erosive than seropositive RA,
      and seronegative patients had fewer extra-articular features. The frequency of
      the HLA antigen DR1 was raised in seronegative patients as compared with controls
      (p = 0.006, relative risk = 3) and with seropositive patients (p less than 0.05).
      HLA-DR4 was slightly increased in seronegative patients compared with controls (p
      less than 0.05) but was clearly less so than in seropositive patients (p less
      than 0.005). Early onset of disease was very significantly associated with HLA
      DR1 in seronegative patients (p = 0.007), whereas HLA-DR4 was present more
      frequently in seropositive patients with onset prior to age 35 (p less than
      0.05). No correlation between HLA antigens and intolerance to drugs was found in
      seronegative patients, whereas in seropositive patients side effects to gold
      salts were associated with DR3. These results suggest that seropositive and
      seronegative RA have distinct HLA-DR associations, especially in disease of early
      onset, in addition to well established clinical differences.

PMID- 3855619
TI  - A single step procedure for purification of estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase from
      human placenta.
AB  - A new and simple procedure for purification to homogeneity of the soluble
      estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase [E C.1.1.1.62] from human placenta has been
      developed. The purification is achieved in a single step by affinity-absorption
      of Cibachrome Blue F3G-A coupled to Sepharose and selective elution with NADP+.
      Homogeneous estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase has a specific activity of 7.2
      units/mg. and has been purified 2400-fold with a 93% recovery.

PMID- 3855620
TI  - Cells of a human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) synthesize and secrete
      apolipoprotein E and lipoprotein lipase.
AB  - A human cell line established from a patient of an acute monocytic leukemia (THP
      1) retained an ability to synthesize and secrete plasma apolipoprotein E like
      protein. The protein was identified with monospecific antibody raised against
      human plasma apolipoprotein E. The cells also secreted lipoprotein lipase (EC
      3.1.1.34). The enzyme was characterized as lipoprotein lipase on the basis of the
      requirement of apolipoprotein C-II as an activator and the inhibition of its
      activity by sodium chloride. The secretion of both apolipoprotein E and
      lipoprotein lipase was markedly enhanced in the process of differentiation into
      macrophage-like cells by the addition of 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13
      alpha-acetate.

PMID- 3855621
TI  - Effects of (1,6-di(O-carbamoyl)cyclohexanone oxime)hexane (RHC 80267) on
      prostaglandin biosynthesis and accumulation of diacylglycerol and arachidonic
      acid in rabbit iris.
AB  - The effects of RHC 80267, (1-6-di(O-carbamoyl)cyclohexanone oxime)hexane, a
      diacylglycerol (DG) lipase inhibitor, on the DG lipase pathway and on arachidonic
      acid (AA) metabolism were investigated in the iris muscle. Incubation of the iris
      for 30 min at 37 degrees resulted in a loss of AA from phosphatidylinositol,
      phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine of 40, 25, and 32%
      respectively. It was found that the drug inhibited the activity of DG lipase in
      the iris microsomal fraction and it increased the accumulation of DG, AA and
      other glycerolipids in iris muscle prelabeled with [14C]AA, presumably by
      inhibiting this enzyme. Under the same experimental conditions, the drug
      increased the accumulation of DG and AA in the tissue in a dose- and time
      dependent manner, and it inhibited the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and
      PGF2 alpha by iris and iris microsomes in a dose-dependent manner. The data
      presented indicate that RHC 80267 has nonspecific effects on glycerolipid and AA
      metabolism in this tissue. We conclude that, while the drug does inhibit DG
      lipase in the intact iris, the present findings that it increased the
      accumulation of glycerolipids and AA and that it inhibited the biosynthesis of
      PGs in this tissue throw some doubt on its use in studies on the mechanism of AA
      release from membrane phosphoinositides for PG synthesis.

PMID- 3855622
TI  - [Campylobacter fetus enteritis].

PMID- 3855623
TI  - [Juvenile delinquency 16 years before the 21st century].

PMID- 3855624
TI  - [Evoked potentials in boxers before and after a fight].

PMID- 3855625
TI  - Caffeine.

PMID- 3855626
TI  - A comparative evaluation of dental aspirator cleansing and disinfectant
      solutions.

PMID- 3855628
TI  - An unusual sequel to the retention of symptomless unerupted maxillary canines.

PMID- 3855627
TI  - Gustatory sweating following submandibular salivary gland removal.

PMID- 3855629
TI  - Cardiac dysrhythmias during dental surgery: a comparison of halothane and
      enflurane in children.

PMID- 3855630
TI  - Sarcoid with oral involvement.

PMID- 3855631
TI  - 'Teeth need gums'. Periodontal health: the profession's responsibility.

PMID- 3855632
TI  - Senior registrar posts in oral surgery in England and Wales.

PMID- 3855633
TI  - Tobacco teabags.

PMID- 3855634
TI  - Adverse response to endodontic material containing paraformaldehyde.

PMID- 3855635
TI  - Fluoride syndrome.

PMID- 3855636
TI  - Fluoridation in Anglesey 1983: a clinical study of dental caries.

PMID- 3855637
TI  - Hairy dentures: a monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis.

PMID- 3855638
TI  - Dental caries and periodontal health following a professionally administered
      plaque control programme in adolescents.

PMID- 3855639
TI  - Temporomandibular joint dysfunction: a case of hysterical trismus.

PMID- 3855640
TI  - Hypodontia, ectodermal dysplasia and sweat pore count.

PMID- 3855641
TI  - MGDS: attitudes of practitioners on postgraduate courses in England.

PMID- 3855642
TI  - Operation check-up--what's going on?

PMID- 3855643
TI  - HLA and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Malays.
AB  - HLA associations were observed in unrelated Malay patients with nasopharyngeal
      carcinoma (NPC). HLA-B18 was observed in 18/45 (40%) Malay NPC patients compared
      to 22/167 (13%) Malay normals (P = 0.0001; Pc = 0.0027, RR = 4.4). The frequency
      of HLA-B17, one of the antigens associated with Chinese NPC, was also increased
      among Malay NPC (13/45 29%) compared to controls (18/167 11%; P = 0.003, Pc =
      0.07 RR = 3.4). Similar to the findings among Chinese NPC, the frequency of B17
      was higher in early onset (less than or equal to 30 years) Malay NPC resulting in
      a higher relative risk (RR = 5.0).

PMID- 3855645
TI  - The blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukaemia: a new approach to treatment.

PMID- 3855646
TI  - Secondary acute myeloid leukaemia: a heterogeneous entity?

PMID- 3855644
TI  - Varying expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens on human renal
      endothelium and epithelium.
AB  - Pre-anastomosis wedge biopsies from 14 cadaveric donor kidneys were examined for
      the expression of class I (HLA-ABC) and class II (HLA-DR) antigens in renal
      tissue. Two monoclonal antibodies to class I antigens and four to class II
      antigens were used in an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Consistent
      expression of both antigens was demonstrated on the surface of glomerular,
      peritubular capillary and venous endothelial cells. Renal arteries contained only
      class I antigens. Proximal tubules contained varying amounts of each antigen in
      their cytoplasm. Sixteen human lymphocytotoxic allo-antisera showed marked
      variation in their ability to detect HLA antigens on the kidney. The selection of
      donors for recipients of renal allografts involves the complement-dependent
      cytotoxicity test and the failure of some lymphocytotoxic antisera to bind to the
      kidney indicates that some suitable patients may be incorrectly excluded. The use
      of a binding assay using an immunoperoxidase technique should be included in
      cross-match techniques particularly for patients who have high levels of
      circulating cytotoxic antibodies.

PMID- 3855647
TI  - Expression of human c-fes onc-gene occurs at detectable levels in myeloid but not
      in lymphoid cell populations.
AB  - Total cellular RNA from a variety of myeloid and lymphoid cell populations,
      normal and leukaemic, was analysed for the expression of a human cellular onc
      gene, c-fes, by northern blot hybridization assays. The probe used was a
      molecularly cloned human DNA sequence homologous to the 5' terminal sequence of v
      fes. All the myeloid cellular populations expressed the c-fes gene. In some cell
      populations at an advanced stage of differentiation (circulating leucocytes from
      Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), HL60 cells induced to differentiate by retinoic
      acid) the level of expression was even higher than in early stages of the myeloid
      lineage (blast cells from AML, uninduced HL60 cells). No transcript of the c-fes
      gene was detected in the different lymphoid populations studied. The occurrence
      of an RNA complementary to the c-fes sequence appears sufficiently characteristic
      of a myeloid population to distinguish it from a lymphoid population, normal and
      leukaemic.

PMID- 3855648
TI  - Detection of the blastic crisis cell clone in chronic myeloid leukaemia.
AB  - Three patients with Ph1 positive chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) were followed
      until the occurrence of blastic transformation by means of cytogenetic analysis
      of whole marrow or blood cells, of blast cell enriched fractions from marrow or
      blood and of colonies grown from these cell fractions in two culture systems.
      Karyotypic evolution was used to indicate the development of new clones from pre
      existing cell lines either as transient phenomena during the chronic phase or as
      the ultimate indicators of a blastic crisis (BC). The clones which were to lead
      to a BC were detected some months before the clinical diagnosis of the BC. At a
      time before overt BC had become clinically manifest, the BC clone outgrew the
      other ones in culture and thus also in vitro showed specific proliferative
      advantages over the cell lines characteristic of the chronic phase of CML.

PMID- 3855649
TI  - Natural killer cell activity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in
      remission.
AB  - Fifteen children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in remission receiving
      maintenance chemotherapy and 12 ALL patients off treatment and in remission were
      tested for natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitro. Compared with a control
      population the children with ALL receiving maintenance chemotherapy had low
      levels of NK cell activity. This effect was not due to a specific reduction in NK
      cell numbers since proportions of mononuclear cells detected by the monoclonal
      antibodies HNK-1 (Leu-7) and Leu-11a were normal. Furthermore NK cell activity in
      patients could only be partially increased by pre-incubation of effector cells
      with interferon (alpha IFN). These studies confirm the lack of NK cell activity
      in children with ALL and show that this phenomenon is directly related to
      functional NK cell impairment. Our study has further shown that this effect is
      transient since ALL patients off treatment and in remission showed normal levels
      and augmentation of NK cell activity.

PMID- 3855650
TI  - Characterization of blast cells in chronic granulocytic leukaemia in
      transformation, acute myelofibrosis and undifferentiated leukaemia. I.
      Ultrastructural morphology and cytochemistry.
AB  - A systematic analysis of the blast cell population was carried out on samples
      from 50 patients suffering from blast transformation of chronic granulocytic
      leukaemia (CGL) (31) and of myelofibrosis (4), acute myelofibrosis (AM) (11) and
      undifferentiated acute leukaemia (4). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM),
      used in 41 samples, included: morphology and techniques for myeloperoxidase
      (MPO), platelet-peroxidase (PPO) and acid phosphatase (AP). The majority of cases
      were also studied by light microscopy cytochemistry and with a battery of cell
      markers which are reported in the accompanying paper (San Miguel et al, 1985).
      The characterization of the type(s) of proliferating blasts was made from the
      integration of ultrastructural and immunological data. TEM morphology allowed the
      precise recognition of specific granules in basophil and mast-cell precursors and
      of ferritin particles in blasts of erythroid lineage; these rare cell types were
      not adequately characterized by other methods. The PPO reaction made possible the
      identification of pure megakaryoblastic proliferations in 38% of cases, including
      eight of the 11 with AM; megakaryoblasts were also present in nine of 12 cases
      with mixed blast cell types. The MPO and AP reactions were useful for the
      characterization of myeloblasts and monoblasts, respectively. Lymphoblasts could
      be distinguished from other cell types by TEM morphology and negative MPO and PPO
      reactions. TEM techniques were valuable for diagnosing correctly the type of
      blast cell in this study in which only four cases (8%) remained unclassifiable.

PMID- 3855652
TI  - Sequential development of distinct clonal chromosome abnormalities in a patient
      with preleukaemia.
AB  - Preleukaemia has been identified as a clonal haemopathy in which progression to
      acute leukaemia involves conservation of the preleukaemic karyotype in the blast
      cells or the development of new abnormalities superimposed on the original clone.
      In this report, a case of childhood preleukaemia is presented in which two
      cytogenetically distinct clones developed over 2 years in a dysplastic marrow
      that was initially karyotypically normal. One clone with 47 chromosomes
      (47,XY,+21), disappeared without therapy. Predominance of the cytogenetically
      abnormal clone, 45,XY,-12,-17,t(12;17)(p11;q11) was associated with the
      development of acute myelogenous leukaemia and myelofibrosis. The development of
      independent clonal abnormalities in the unstable preleukaemic marrow may occur
      more commonly than has been previously recognized. Implications of the
      progression of the karyotypic abnormalities are discussed.

PMID- 3855651
TI  - Cell lineage heterogeneity in blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukaemia.
AB  - Blast cells from 45 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in blast crisis (CML
      BC) were immunologically phenotyped with a panel of 26 monoclonal antibodies and
      studied for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) content. Out of 45 blast
      populations, 28 showed a myeloid, 14 a lymphoid, two a mixed and one an
      unclassifiable marker profile. In contrast to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), we
      found frequent involvement of the thrombopoietic and erythropoietic systems in
      myeloid CML-BC. Furthermore, the marker profile on blast cells in myeloid CML-BC
      was different from that seen in AML. The blast cells in lymphoid blast crises of
      CML displayed the same lymphoid marker profile as those in acute lymphoblastic
      leukaemia. In three of 16 patients who were serially tested, we observed
      phenotypic changes in the blast cell populations. In one patient the blasts
      changed from lymphoid to myeloid type while remaining TdT-positive; in another
      case the blasts switched from granulomonocytic TdT-negative to granulomonocytic
      TdT-positive. In the third patient erythroid precursor cells appeared as the
      disease progressed. The results indicate the capacity of blast populations in CML
      patients during blast crisis to differentiate along several pathways.

PMID- 3855653
TI  - Neutrophils with ring-shaped nuclei in myeloproliferative disease.

PMID- 3855654
TI  - Lactation in placental steroid sulphatase deficiency.

PMID- 3855655
TI  - The physical characteristics of the stabilized canine retractor.
AB  - The design, construction and a brief indication of the advantages of the
      stabilized canine retractor have already been explained (Adams, 1983). It is the
      purpose of the present investigation to clarify and evaluate the physical
      characteristics of the new form and to ascertain the precise nature and degree of
      the differences between it and the hitherto widely used standard form of this
      spring.

PMID- 3855656
TI  - Plaster on the table.

PMID- 3855657
TI  - Changes in the jaw relationships during human foetal cranio-facial growth.
AB  - Previous investigations into pre-natal cranio-facial growth have either been
      purely descriptive or have involved the use of cephalometric points, lines and
      angles. Neither methods have given an entirely clear picture of the changes
      taking place during the foetal period. The present investigation measured changes
      in shape, position and orientation of the jaws by using image outlines and their
      centroids (centres of area) in combination with the analytic method of
      morphanalysis. The image outlines of the foetuses were related to each other via
      a rectangular co-ordinate reference grid so that the exact sites where growth
      changes occurred could be plotted and isolated. It was found that the jaw
      relationships were constantly changing during the foetal period. Brain growth
      appeared to predominate which flattened out the cranial base and determined the
      definitive position of the naso-maxillary segment to which the musculature of the
      lower face in turn adjusted mandibular growth. The jaw relationships changed in
      the direction Class III to Class II mainly as a result of forward growth of the
      naso-maxillary segment, the mandible showing a lag followed by a catch-up
      regaining its original position. The two jaws exhibited different growth patterns
      which suggested differences in the underlying mechanisms responsible for their
      growth. This is almost certainly an important factor in the aetiology of
      malocclusion resulting from malrelationships of the basal bones and soft tissues.

PMID- 3855658
TI  - An unusual lateral incisor.

PMID- 3855659
TI  - Estradiol is responsible for reduced renal prostaglandin dehydrogenase activity
      in female rats.
AB  - The contribution of sex steroids to sex-related differences in renal
      prostaglandin dehydrogenase activity and urinary prostaglandin excretion was
      examined in 7-8-week-old male and female rats subjected to sham-operation or
      gonadectomy at 3 weeks of age. Rats were injected subcutaneously twice over a 6
      day interval with vehicle (peanut oil, 0.5 mg/kg) or with depot forms of
      testosterone (10 mg/kg), estradiol (0.1 mg/kg), progesterone (5 mg/kg), or with
      estradiol and progesterone combined (0.1 and 5 mg/kg). After the second
      injection, 24-h urine samples were collected for prostaglandin measurement by
      radioimmunoassay; the rats were killed, and renal and pulmonary prostaglandin
      dehydrogenase activities were determined by radiochemical assay. Renal
      prostaglandin dehydrogenase activity was 10-times higher in intact male rats than
      in intact females. Gonadectomy increased renal prostaglandin dehydrogenase
      activity 4-fold in females, but had no effect in males; estradiol, alone or
      combined with progesterone, markedly suppressed renal prostaglandin dehydrogenase
      activity in both sexes, while testosterone or progesterone alone had no effect.
      Pulmonary prostaglandin dehydrogenase did not differ between the sexes and was
      unaffected by gonadectomy or sex-steroid treatment. Intact female sham-operated
      rats excreted 70-100% more prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and 6-keto
      prostaglandin F1 alpha in urine than did males; gonadectomy abolished the
      difference in urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion. Estradiol decreased urinary
      prostaglandin E2 in females but not in males; treatment with other sex steroids
      did not alter urinary prostaglandin excretion.

PMID- 3855660
TI  - Subcellular localization and properties of lipase activities in human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - A fluorimetric assay for lipase activity has been optimized for measurement of
      the enzyme in human neutrophils. Activity was maximal at acid (4.5) and alkaline
      (9.5) pH, although there was also a neutral peak of activity at pH 6.5.
      Neutrophils were homogenised in isotonic sucrose and subjected to analytical
      subcellular fractionation by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The
      gradient fractions were assayed for acid, neutral and alkaline lipase activity
      and for the principal organelle marker enzymes. Neutral lipase showed a unimodal
      distribution with an equilibrium density of 1.19 g . cm-3, corresponding to the
      distribution of particulate leucine aminopeptidase. Acid and alkaline lipase
      activities showed very similar distribution profiles to each other with both
      soluble components and a broad peak of particulate activity. The broad modal
      density of 1.19-1.22 g . cm-3 suggests that acid and alkaline lipase activities
      could be localised to more than one population of cytoplasmic granule.
      Fractionation experiments with neutrophils homogenised in sucrose medium
      containing digitonin confirmed the localisation of neutral lipase and leucine
      aminopeptidase to the same cytoplasmic granule, and suggested that at least part
      of the acid lipase activity was localised to the specific granule. No lipase
      activity could be attributed to the alkaline phosphatase-containing granule.
      Neutrophils were isolated from control subjects, patients with chronic
      granulocytic leukaemia and women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The
      specific activity of acid, neutral and alkaline lipase, and leucine
      aminopeptidase, in contrast to that of alkaline phosphatase, were similar in the
      three patient groups.

PMID- 3855661
TI  - Metabolism of normal and modified low-density lipoproteins by macrophage cell
      lines of murine and human origin.
AB  - Four murine macrophage-like continuous cell lines (P388D1, J774.1, RAW 264.7, and
      PU5-1.8) and two human cell lines displaying macrophage-monocyte characteristics
      (HL-60, U-937) have been examined for their ability to degrade both normal and
      acetylated low-density lipoproteins. All of these cell lines, except PU5-1.8,
      were demonstrated to have LDL receptors that were induced 2-5-fold by
      preincubation in lipoprotein-deficient serum. Metabolism of dextran sulfate-LDL
      complexes by all lines except PU5-1.8 was observed. Three cell lines, P388D1,
      J774.1 and RAW 264.7, while exhibiting individual differences in their metabolism
      of acetyl-LDL, all processed acetyl-LDL in a fashion qualitatively analogous to
      that by murine peritoneal macrophages and human monocytes. Cell lines PU5-1.8, U
      937 and HL-60 did not bind or degrade significant quantities of acetyl-LDL. In
      P388D1 cells, metabolism of acetyl-LDL exhibited time and concentration
      dependence, was reversibly inhibited by chloroquine, blocked by fucoidan and
      dextran sulfate, and was calcium independent. Approximately 4 X 10(5) receptors,
      with an apparent Kd of 3 X 10(-8) M, were present on P388D1 cells. P388D1 cells
      metabolized 30% as much acetyl-LDL as murine peritoneal macrophages at 37 degrees
      C and bound 60% as much at 4 degrees C. Chemical measurement demonstrated a 250
      fold increase in the cholesteryl ester content of P388D1 cells over 96 h. The
      accumulation of cholesteryl esters was reversible in the presence of HDL3 and
      involved continuous hydrolysis and reesterification. These lines represent a
      convenient resource for examining the metabolism of chemically modified
      lipoproteins, for isolation of cell mutants, and for isolation of specific
      lipoprotein receptors.

PMID- 3855662
TI  - Specific inhibition by prostaglandin D2 and its metabolites of lysozyme synthesis
      in mouse macrophage-like cell line, Mm-1.
AB  - The cultured mouse macrophage-like cell line Mm-1 synthesizes and secretes
      lysozyme continuously like normal macrophages. Culture of the cells in the
      presence of prostaglandin D2 for 3 days strongly inhibited their production of
      lysozyme activity. Prostaglandin D2 caused dose-dependent inhibition of the
      activity: 1 X 10(-6) M prostaglandin D2 caused about 50% inhibition. Inhibition
      by prostaglandin D2 was not related to cytotoxicity and was reversible. The rate
      of synthesis of lysozyme protein was measured by culturing Mm-1 cells with
      radioactive amino acids and then immunoprecipitating the protein. At the
      concentrations used, prostaglandin D2 inhibited the synthesis of lysozyme dose
      dependently, but did not suppress the synthesis of total protein. Of the various
      types of prostaglandin, only prostaglandin D2 inhibited the production of
      lysozyme in Mm-1 cells. Moreover, prostaglandin D2 did not inhibit the production
      of other lysosomal enzymes, such as acid proteinase, acid phosphatase and beta
      glucuronidase, and did not affect Fc receptors on the cell surface, adherence of
      cells to the culture dish or the cell morphology. These results indicate that
      prostaglandin D2 specifically inhibits the synthesis of lysozyme in Mm-1 cells.
      When Mm-1 cells were cultured for 3 days in the presence of the ethyl acetate
      extract from the culture medium in which Mm-1 cells had been cultured with
      prostaglandin D2 for 3 days, the production of lysozyme activity of Mm-1 cells
      was also markedly inhibited by the extract. After the incubation of prostaglandin
      D2 for 3 days with Mm-1 cells, less than 10% of the initial prostaglandin D2
      remained and two major metabolites appeared. These results suggest that the
      metabolites of prostaglandin D2 were involved in the inhibitory action of
      prostaglandin D2 in Mm-1 cells.

PMID- 3855663
TI  - Sleep architecture in bulimia: a pilot study.

PMID- 3855664
TI  - Calcium-regulated plasma membrane rigidification during corpus luteum regression
      in the rat.
AB  - Plasma membrane fractions were prepared from ovaries of superovulated rats and
      examined for structural changes during luteolysis. Using fluorescence
      polarization, we observed a rapid rigidification in vitro of samples obtained
      from ovaries undergoing spontaneous or prostaglandin F2 alpha-induced regression.
      The rigidification, manifested by a 72% polarization increase over 50 min, is
      calcium and calmodulin dependent, temperature sensitive and protein mediated.
      This increase in polarization did not appear in fractions from nonregressing
      ovaries; however, addition of phospholipase A2 caused virtually identical changes
      in polarization results as in samples prepared from regressing ovaries. These
      results suggest that calcium-calmodulin-dependent phospholipase A2 plays a role
      in membrane deterioration during luteolysis.

PMID- 3855665
TI  - Studies of a familial platelet disorder.
AB  - At least 22 members of a large kindred have a bleeding tendency resulting from an
      autosomal dominant disorder of platelet production and function. Phenotypic
      manifestations include mild to moderate thrombocytopenia, bleeding time
      prolongation, and abnormal platelet aggregation. Platelet survival time is
      normal. The platelet disorder in this family appears to differ from known
      hereditary thrombocytopenic or thrombocytopathic syndromes and may represent a
      new genetic disease. Six family members reportedly developed hematologic
      neoplasms: acute monocytic leukemia nine years after treatment for congenital
      neuroblastoma; lymphosarcoma at age 10 years; myeloid leukemia at age 23 years;
      acute myelocytic leukemia at age 62 years; leukemia of unknown type at age 48
      years; and lymphocytic lymphoma at age 52 years.

PMID- 3855667
TI  - In vitro restoration of polyclonal hematopoiesis in a chronic myelogenous
      leukemia after in vitro treatment with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide.
AB  - Bone marrow cells of a 45-year-old female with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)
      positive, early-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), who was heterozygous
      for the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) locus, were pretreated in vitro
      with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) and tested for G6PD activity in several
      colony formation assays and for karyotypic abnormalities. All cells within the
      mixed (CFU-GEMM), the erythroid burst (BFU-E), and the granulocyte-macrophage
      (CFU-GM) colonies expressed type A and type B G6PD activity and a normal
      karyotype, whereas untreated cells expressed type A G6PD and the Ph1 chromosome.
      This reversal of G6PD activity type and the disappearance of the Ph1 chromosome
      in colonies grown from 4-HC-treated cells indicate that this cytotoxic agent
      spares a residual normal stem cell population in bone marrow cells of early-phase
      CML patients. This finding, in turn, suggests a therapeutic approach in CML based
      on in vitro chemotherapy of autologous bone marrow grafts.

PMID- 3855666
TI  - Adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia phenotypes defined by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Pretreatment peripheral blood and/or bone marrow blasts from 90 adults with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were analyzed as part of a prospective treatment
      protocol study. Specimens were tested by immunofluorescence cytofluorometry for
      reactivity with the following monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs): BA-1 (B cell
      antigen); T101, OKT11 (pan-T cell antigens [T]); 3A1 (T cell antigen); MCS-2
      (myeloid antigen); J5 common ALL antigen (CALLA); BA4 (Ia antigen [Ia]); BA-2
      (lymphohematopoietic antigen). Four major phenotypic groups were identified: B
      lineage ALL (BA-1+T-) (64%), T lineage ALL (T+BA-1-MCS-2-) (13%), unclassified
      ALL (BA-1-MCS-2-CALLA-T-) (9%) and myeloid antigen ALL (MCS-2+CALLA-T-) (7%). An
      additional group of patients, miscellaneous ALL (7%), was comprised of cases with
      unusual marker profiles. In B lineage ALL, all cases tested were Ia+MCS-2-, and
      the vast majority were CALLA+ (84%). In T lineage ALL, 42% expressed CALLA or Ia
      positivity. In unclassified ALL, the predominant phenotype was Ia+BA-2+. In
      myeloid antigen ALL, two of four tested were 3A1+ and all cases evaluated were BA
      1-. Patients with myeloid antigen ALL were older (median age, 66 years) than
      patients in the other groups. The T lineage ALL group had higher leukocyte counts
      (median WBCs, 183,000/microL) and an increased incidence of anterior mediastinal
      mass at presentation. All patients received identical induction therapy. In
      CALLA+B lineage ALL, 30 of 46 (65%) achieved a complete remission. While the
      number of patients evaluated was small, 9 of 9 CALLA-B-lineage ALL and only two
      of six myeloid antigen ALL cases responded with a complete remission. The data
      suggest that these MoAbs are useful in the characterization of adult ALL.

PMID- 3855668
TI  - Fluoride mouthrinsing in Cincinnati elementary schools.

PMID- 3855669
TI  - Recommendations in dental mercury hygiene, 1984.

PMID- 3855670
TI  - A political scientist's view.

PMID- 3855671
TI  - The physician as an entrepreneur.

PMID- 3855672
TI  - The physician's perspective.

PMID- 3855673
TI  - A health planner's perspective on for-profit medicine.

PMID- 3855675
TI  - The new entrepreneurialism in health care. Overview: origins and trends.

PMID- 3855674
TI  - The economically unattractive patient: who cares?

PMID- 3855676
TI  - Impact on the public hospitals.

PMID- 3855677
TI  - The proprietarization of voluntary hospitals.

PMID- 3855678
TI  - Government as regulator.

PMID- 3855679
TI  - A hospital administrator's view.

PMID- 3855680
TI  - Familial aortic aneurysms: serum concentrations of triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL
      cholesterol and (VLDL + LDL)-cholesterol.
AB  - Patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) have been compared with healthy
      controls with respect to the serum concentrations of triglyceride, cholesterol,
      HDL-cholesterol and (VLDL + LDL)-cholesterol. The concentrations of triglyceride
      and (VLDL + LDL)-cholesterol in serum were higher in the patients than in the
      controls, while the concentration of HDL-cholesterol in serum was lower in the
      patients than in the controls. There was no statistically significant difference
      in the serum concentration of total cholesterol between the patients and the
      controls. Twelve patients had first degree relatives (brothers, sisters and/or
      parents) with AAAs and six patients had second degree relatives (cousins or
      brothers and sisters of the parents) with AAAs. There was no statistically
      significant difference between the patients who had first degree relatives with
      AAAs and the patients without AAAs in the family in the serum concentrations of
      triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and (VLDL + LDL)-cholesterol.

PMID- 3855681
TI  - Tourette syndrome, atypical pervasive developmental disorder and Ganser syndrome
      in a 15-year-old, visually impaired, mentally retarded boy.
AB  - This is a case report of a 15-year-old visually impaired, mentally retarded male
      who presents with symptoms consistent with Tourette Syndrome, a Syndrome of
      approximate answers (Ganser's Syndrome) and Atypical Pervasive Developmental
      Disorder. The authors feel that this follow-up on the case presented earlier by
      Parraga and Butterfield raises the possibility of a link between a number of the
      symptoms of adult schizophrenia, appearing in attenuated form in these two cases,
      and Tourette Syndrome.

PMID- 3855682
TI  - Thyroid dysfunction and neoplasia in children receiving neck irradiation for
      cancer.
AB  - The reported relationship of radiation exposure and thyroid carcinoma stimulated
      this retrospective study of 298 patients treated at St. Jude Children's Hospital
      with radiation therapy to the neck for childhood cancer to identify patients who
      developed subsequent thyroid abnormalities. This series includes 153 patients
      with Hodgkin's disease, 95 with acute lymphocytic leukemia, 28 with
      lymphoepithelioma, and 22 with miscellaneous tumors. Inclusion in the study
      required 5 years of disease-free survival following therapy for their original
      tumor, which included thyroid irradiation. Follow-up has been 100%. Most patients
      also received chemotherapy. Seventeen patients were found to have decreased
      thyroid reserve with normal levels of free triiodothyroxine (T3) or free
      thyroxin, (T4) and an elevated level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). In
      nine patients hypothyroidism developed, with decreased T3 or T4 levels and an
      elevated level of TSH. One hyperthyroid patient was identified. Two patients had
      thyroiditis, and seven had thyroid neoplasms: (carcinoma in two, adenoma in two,
      colloid nodule in one, and undiagnosed nodules in two). This survey has
      demonstrated an increased incidence of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid neoplasia
      when compared to the general population. The importance of long-term follow-up
      for thyroid disease is emphasized in patients who have received thyroid
      irradiation. The possible role of subclinical hypothyroidism with TSH elevation
      coupled with radiation damage to the thyroid gland as a model for the development
      of neoplastic disease is discussed.

PMID- 3855683
TI  - Postradiation osteogenic sarcoma of bone and soft tissues. A clinicopathologic
      study of 66 patients.
AB  - Sixty-six patients with well-documented osteogenic sarcomas arising in bones and
      soft tissues after exposure to x-rays, which represent approximately 5.5 percent
      of all osteogenic sarcomas registered since 1921 at this institution, were
      studied. These secondary sarcomas occurred in equal proportion in both sexes,
      with the sixth decade of life being the most common age. In 42 patients, the bone
      had been normal at the time of irradiation, whereas in 24, the radiation was
      directed against an osseous tumor or tumor-like lesion. The median latent period
      was 10.5 years in both groups, ranging from 3.5 to 33 years. The radiation varied
      from diagnostic quality to 1 MeV x-rays. The dose was variable, but none was less
      than 2000 rads. Postradiation osteogenic sarcomas most commonly arose in the
      bones of the pelvic and shoulder regions. Histologically, the sarcomas were
      mostly of the fibrous type (46%) and radiographically showed a destructive bone
      lesion with or without signs of radiation osteitis. The cumulative disease-free
      survival rate at 5 years was 17%, with a median survival estimate of 1 year.

PMID- 3855684
TI  - Differing determinants of prognosis following resection of pulmonary metastases
      from osteogenic and soft tissue sarcoma patients.
AB  - A study was performed to determine if prognostic factors could be used
      preoperatively to predict outcome following resection of metastases. Sixty-seven
      soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients (median follow-up, 36 months) and 39
      osteogenic sarcoma patients (OGS) (median follow-up, 29 months) underwent
      thoracic exploration at the first indication of pulmonary metastases, and the
      results for each group were reviewed. The number of metastatic nodules, disease
      free interval (DFI), and tumor doubling time (TDT) significantly correlated with
      postoperative survival for STS patients. Patients with four or fewer nodules on
      preoperative linear tomograms survived longer (median, 23 months) than patients
      with more than four nodules (median, 6 months; P less than 0.005). Patients with
      a DFI greater than 12 months had a longer survival (median, 30 months) than
      patients with a DFI less than or equal to 12 months (median, 10 months; P less
      than 0.005). Patients with a TDT greater than or equal to 20 days had a longer
      survival (median, 22 months) than patients with a TDT less than 20 days (median,
      6 months; P less than 0.005). The only significant predictor of survival for OGS
      patients was the number of nodules on preoperative linear tomograms (less than or
      equal to 4, 37 months median survival; greater than 4, 10 months median survival;
      P less than 0.05). This was due to significant differences noted for the DFI and
      TDT distributions between OGS and STS patients, with most OGS patients having a
      short DFI (less than or equal to 12 months) and a rapid TDT (less than or equal
      to 20 days) whereas STS patients had a more heterogeneous distribution (P less
      than 0.01). Thus, the number of metastases visible on the preoperative tomogram
      was the best predictor of survival for both OGS and STS patients. However, the
      applicability of other prognostic factors could not be generalized for these two
      closely related groups of patients.

PMID- 3855685
TI  - Variant translocation t(8;21;15) in an acute myeloblastic leukemia with
      phenotypic differential evolution.
AB  - A new case of a variant form of the translocation (8;21) in an AML-M2, including
      in addition involvement of chromosome #15 is reported. The selection of two
      abnormal lines, probably resulting from two successive rearrangements of the
      (8;15) translocated segment, is observed. It is suggested that these
      rearrangements change the cellular morphology and seem to play a part similar to
      additional autosomal abnormalities in the course of the disease, such as those
      found in CML.

PMID- 3855686
TI  - Unusual Ph translocations in CML: four new cases.
AB  - Four variants of the Ph chromosome translocation in chronic myelogenous leukemia
      (CML) patients are described. Two had an unusual simple translocation involving
      chromosomes #7 and #17. In two cases, the translocation, aside from involving #9
      and #22, involved a third chromosome, chromosome #6 and chromosome #11,
      respectively. Three cases showed also karyotypic evolution during the blastic
      phase of the disease: in two cases, a new reciprocal translocation was found that
      involved a chromosome #9 at band q34. The clinical and cytogenetic significance
      of these results is briefly discussed.

PMID- 3855687
TI  - Long arm deletion of chromosome 5 in a case of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.
AB  - The 46,XY,del(5)(q31),del(12)(p11) and 46,X,-Y,del(5)(q31),del(12)(p11), +mar
      clones were found in the bone marrow cells of a 64-year-old Japanese man with
      chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Although the 5q- anomaly has been
      reported to occur in various hematologic disorders, a literature survey of CMML
      cases revealed that the present case is the first instance of CMML with the 5q-
      anomaly. The possible significance of the chromosome findings is discussed.

PMID- 3855688
TI  - Anomalies of chromosome 1 as a possible prognostic index in childhood acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Complete remission rates, remission duration, and survival were established in
      children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with chromosome #1 anomalies,
      and the results were compared with those in patients with normal karyotypes or
      other chromosomal changes. Even though the complete remission rate did not differ
      significantly among the three groups, remission duration and survival were
      significantly longer in children ALL and chromosome #1 anomalies as compared with
      those in the other two groups.

PMID- 3855689
TI  - A complex translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia.
AB  - The breakpoints of a complex three-way translocation involving chromosomes X,
      #15, and #17 were resolved in a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). It is
      now apparent that similar cases of variant chromosome translocations are found in
      both chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) and APL. The morphological and clinical
      findings in this case emphasize the variability found in some cases of APL.

PMID- 3855690
TI  - Premature separation of centromeres in marrow chromosomes from an untreated
      patient with acute myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - Cytogenetic studies in an untreated patient with acute myelogenous leukemia
      revealed that greater than 60% of his marrow metaphases had pronounced anomalies
      in the centromere region. In the least affected chromosomes, the centromere
      appeared as a nonstaining hole, whereas in the most affected chromosomes, it
      appeared that the centromere segment had prematurely migrated at right angles to
      the telomeric portions. The population of mitoses exhibiting premature separation
      of the centromeres was reduced to virtually none during periods of drug induced
      remission. Our findings suggest that cytogenetic changes in malignant myeloid
      cells may be characterized by defects in centromere separation, as well as by
      alternations in karyotype.

PMID- 3855691
TI  - A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with severe hypodiploidy.
AB  - A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a severe hypodiploid chromosome
      constitution is reported. The modal chromosome number was 36, and the karyotype
      of these cells was 36,X, -X, -2, -3, -5, -7, -9, -12, -13, -15, -16, -17, -20,
      +21, +mar,del(1) (p13.1p22.3),inv(3)(q13.3q29). In addition to a haploid set,
      extra copies of chromosomes #6, #10, #14, #18, and #21 were found, as in most
      cases with severe hypodiploid karyotypes. A second, near-triploid cell line was
      also observed. An examination of chromosomal heteromorphisms suggested that the
      severe hypodiploid clone originated either from a near-triploid cell or from a
      common precursor cell.

PMID- 3855692
TI  - Cytogenetic findings in a human malignant melanoma metastatic to the brain.
AB  - Cytogenetic analysis by G-banding of direct and preparations of a malignant
      melanoma metastatic to the brain in vitro showed a pseudodiploid modal chromosome
      number, including five marker chromosomes, one of which was an i(6p). These
      results agree with those recently reported about the preferential involvement of
      chromosome #6 in malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3855693
TI  - Translocation 2;11 and other significant chromosome changes in acute monoblastic
      leukemia (M5) with clonal evolution: sequential clinical and cytogenetic studies.
AB  - An elderly woman presented with pancytopenia resulting from acute monoblastic
      leukemia (AMoL) type M5a. At the time of diagnosis, the marrow metaphase studies
      revealed a pseudodiploid idiogram:
      46,XX,t(2;11)(q37;q23),(t(7;9;10)(q22;q22;p13). At relapse, 7 months later, a
      clonal derivative of the initial pseudodiploid pattern was identified. Though
      alterations of chromosome regions 7q22 and 9q22 are frequently seen in acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), 11q structural anomalies are even more specific
      for this group of leukemias, and the involvement of band 11q23 is particularly
      striking in AMoL. Various chromosomes may take part in translocations with
      chromosome #11, but the participation of chromosome #2 as in this case is
      apparently rare.

PMID- 3855694
TI  - Cell surface features associated with differentiation-induction of
      methylcholanthrene-transformed AKR-2B fibroblasts by N,N-dimethylformamide.
AB  - Methylcholanthrene-transformed AKR-2B mouse embryonal fibroblasts (AKR-MCA cells)
      were examined for cell surface alterations after growth in culture medium
      containing N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) using the lactoperoxidase-glucose oxidase
      radioiodination procedure with subsequent electrophoresis. DMF has been shown to
      induce maturational changes in a variety of transformed cells in vitro and has
      been reported to produce a more normal phenotype when applied to cultured AKR-MCA
      cells. The electrophoretic profile of 125I-labeled surface proteins from AKR-MCA
      cells exhibited a prominent peak of labeled material with a molecular weight of
      approximately 85,000. After growth of AKR-MCA cells in medium containing DMF, the
      Mr 85,000 peak was substantially reduced, while there was a large increase in Mr
      200,000 to 250,000 radioiodinated surface material. This cell surface labeling
      pattern was virtually identical to that of the nontransformed AKR-2B fibroblasts
      from which AKR-MCA cells were derived. The cell surface alterations observed upon
      exposure of AKR-MCA cells to DMF occurred as a function of time of growth in DMF
      and DMF concentration. Growth of AKR-MCA cells in DMF resulted in a steady
      increase in cell surface 125I incorporation up to the fourth day of exposure to
      DMF. At this time, the incorporation level was 22.9-fold greater than that for
      untreated AKR-MCA cells. Incorporation of radiolabel was decreased after the
      fifth and sixth days of AKR-MCA exposure to DMF. This trend was also manifested
      by AKR-2B fibroblasts grown in the presence of DMF. The data suggest that there
      was increased expression of the Mr 200,000 to 250,000 surface protein on both AKR
      2B and AKR-MCA cells when grown in DMF. DMF also inhibited morphological
      transformation and the cell surface changes associated with transformation of AKR
      2B cells by exogenous transforming growth factors.

PMID- 3855695
TI  - Differences in cell cycle kinetics during induced granulocytic versus monocytic
      maturation of HL-60 leukemia cells.
AB  - Leukemia cells (HL-60) were induced to mature towards granulocytic and monocytic
      phenotypes using 1.1% dimethyl sulfoxide and 5 X 10(-7) M 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine, respectively. Granulocytic maturation was accompanied
      by a slight decrease in cell volume and in total cell protein, but with an
      increase in acid phosphatase. DNA histograms showed that after 7 days there was a
      decrease in the number of cells with S or G2 DNA content. Autoradiography
      revealed that most of the cells had stopped in cycle with only 3% of the cells
      synthesizing DNA. The rate of synthesis for these few cells, morphologically
      identified as immature blast forms, was not diminished. Monocytic maturation was
      accompanied by an increase in cell volume and of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase.
      DNA histograms showed no change over 7 days. Autoradiography revealed a large
      fraction of the cells to be in cycle and synthesizing DNA, but at a markedly
      reduced rate. Induced granulocytic and monocytic maturation are characterized by
      a very different perturbation of the cell DNA-division cycle.

PMID- 3855696
TI  - Phase I and II clinical and pharmacological study of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin
      (idarubicin) in adult patients with acute leukemia.
AB  - Fifty-two adults treated previously with either acute leukemia (43 patients) or
      blastic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (nine patients) received 4
      demethoxydaunorubicin (20 to 45 mg/sq m) i.v. over 2 to 3 days. Three of the ten
      patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia achieved a complete remission (CR)
      lasting 5 to 7 weeks. Five of the 28 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
      achieved a CR lasting 5 to 80 weeks. All remissions were induced with one course
      of treatment with a median time to CR of 28 days (range, 22 to 40 days). None of
      the patients with blastic chronic myelogenous leukemia or secondary leukemia
      achieved a CR. The drug was well tolerated; mucositis (36%), nausea and vomiting
      (35%), and hepatic dysfunction (26%) were the most common side effects.
      Pharmacokinetic observations on five patients demonstrated multiphasic clearance
      of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin and extensive formation and prolonged retention of 4
      demethoxy-13-hydroxydaunorubicin; that metabolite accumulated in plasma on
      repeated daily dosing. 4-Demethoxydaunorubicin has sufficient antileukemic
      activity in both acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia to
      warrant a prospective comparison, in combination regimens, against the
      conventional anthracyclines, daunorubicin and/or doxorubicin.

PMID- 3855698
TI  - Vindesine-prednisone in the treatment of blast crisis of chronic myeloid
      leukemia.
AB  - Eight patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis were treated with a
      combination of vindesine and prednisone. Complete remission was achieved in three
      patients; partial remission was achieved in three. All six responders received
      maintenance treatment with hydroxyurea and 6-mercaptopurine. The median duration
      of survival was 9 months. Two patients had long-term survival: one survived 32
      months and the other is alive after 30 months. These data suggest that vindesine
      prednisone polychemotherapy might improve the prognosis of blast crisis in
      chronic myeloid leukemia.

PMID- 3855697
TI  - Long-term relapse-free survival in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - An intensive treatment program with curative intent was designed for adults with
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Forty-eight consecutive patients were treated
      with this protocol and 39 (81%) obtained a complete remission. Although the
      complete remission rate was high for patients with both null- and T-cell disease,
      those with null-cell leukemia had a significantly greater median duration of
      remission (greater than 306 weeks) than patients with T-cell disease (62 weeks).
      The median survival by life-table analysis for the 48 patients is projected to be
      greater than 310 weeks, and five patients have finished the 3-year treatment
      program and have been off therapy for 1-3 years without recurrence of disease.
      Classification of adult ALL by immune marker status is an important and easily
      done pretherapy maneuver that identifies subsets of patients with a significantly
      different prognosis when treated with the protocol described in this study. Those
      patients for whom leukemic cells had T-cell characteristics had a short median
      duration of remission. Most importantly, this treatment protocol identifies by
      therapeutic response a subset of adult patients with ALL whose leukemic blasts
      are characterized by the absence of immunological markers and who appear, in
      substantial proportion, to be potentially curable.

PMID- 3855699
TI  - Phase II study of cisplatin in advanced osteogenic sarcoma. European Organization
      for Research on Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group.
AB  - The activity of cisplatin (CDDP) against advanced osteogenic sarcoma was
      evaluated in 37 of 50 patients registered by the members of the European
      Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma
      Group between 1979 and 1982. All patients had measurable lung metastases. Thirty
      one patients (84%) had received previous chemotherapy consisting mainly of high
      dose methotrexate, doxorubicin, and vincristine. CDDP (100 mg/m2) was given as a
      24-hour continuous infusion every 3 weeks for a minimum of two cycles, with
      appropriate fluids and diuretics. In the absence of impairment of the renal
      function and/or myelosuppression, the dose could be escalated by 20%. The overall
      response rate was 19% (seven responses among 37 patients), with one complete
      remission for 51 weeks and six partial remissions from 12 to 26 weeks. The median
      number of courses of CDDP administered was three, ranging from two to 11. Of 143
      courses administered, only 18 (12%) had to be modified because of toxicity. In
      16% of the patients some transient impairment of the renal function was observed.
      CDDP adds to the limited number of chemotherapeutic agents with useful properties
      in osteogenic sarcoma, and CDDP-containing combination chemotherapy regimens
      should be actively investigated.

PMID- 3855700
TI  - Pancreatitis following cisplatin: a case report.

PMID- 3855701
TI  - Questions most often asked about extraoral swelling of odontogenic origin.

PMID- 3855702
TI  - Monocyte-mediated augmentation of human natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
AB  - Normal human monocytes can significantly and rapidly augment natural cell
      mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) against K562 target cells. Approximately 50%
      augmentation was observed after direct mixture of monocytes with autologous null
      cells in the 4-hr chromium-release assay. This effect was dependent on the number
      of monocytes, and B cells and granulocytes were not effective. Coculture of null
      cells with monocytes and subsequent recovery of null cells for use as effector
      cells also produced significantly elevated cytolytic activity. This effect was
      dependent upon the number of monocytes, the length of time of coculture, and the
      cell donor. Augmentation of NK activity was rapid and observed after 0.5-12 hr of
      coculture, but suppression was observed after 36 hr; augmentation was observed
      with high monocyte:null cell (1:1, 1:2) ratios, and no effect was generally
      observed with lower ratios (1:8). At the single-cell level, the augmentation was
      associated with an increase in the proportion of target-binding cells which were
      lytically active. The augmentation of NK activity by monocytes required close
      cellular proximity, was mediated by a factor which was active or induced only in
      close proximity of the effector and producer cells, and/or was mediated by a
      soluble factor with a molecular weight greater than 50,000. This new
      demonstration that monocytes can augment as well as suppress NCMC may represent
      another avenue by which NK cell activity may be modulated in vivo.

PMID- 3855703
TI  - No longer owners, but helpers.

PMID- 3855704
TI  - Diabetes screening in the dental office.

PMID- 3855706
TI  - Uniform trends for 1985: what dental assistants are wearing.

PMID- 3855705
TI  - Adriamycin and cytosine arabinoside contribute equally to prediction of response
      in acute myelocytic leukemia with improved confidence level.
AB  - Samples from 15 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were studied in a
      colony-inhibition assay of drug sensitivity. In vitro sensitivity to both
      Adriamycin (Adr) (1-h incubation) and cytosine arabinoside (AraC) (24-h and
      continuous incubation) were determined, as were the tritiated thymidine suicide
      indices (SI) during the 24-h incubation with AraC. The sensitivity of the
      proportion of cells entering S-phase during the 24-h incubation was also
      evaluated. Using discriminant analysis a function was derived to separate the
      patients into two groups, those who failed remission induction therapy, or
      nonresponders (group 1), and those who entered complete remission (group 2). The
      only variables that contributed to prediction were the Adr (1 h) and Ara-C (24 h)
      results. Overall, 87% (13/15) of the patients were correctly grouped using this
      function, with a confidence level for nine of these 13 patients of greater than
      80%. Adr and AraC results contributed equally to the prediction.

PMID- 3855707
TI  - Looking your best.

PMID- 3855708
TI  - Oral cancer.

PMID- 3855709
TI  - Making the most of your supplier's deals.

PMID- 3855711
TI  - Recall systems: bane or boon?

PMID- 3855710
TI  - Xerostomia in the aged.

PMID- 3855712
TI  - Gypsum products in the dental office laboratory.

PMID- 3855713
TI  - The dental assistant as marketing coordinator.

PMID- 3855714
TI  - Contract staffing: wave of the future?

PMID- 3855715
TI  - Bilingual school children participate in oral hygiene program.

PMID- 3855716
TI  - Helpful hints for handling the HVE tip.

PMID- 3855717
TI  - The interview: preparation, participation and pitfalls.

PMID- 3855718
TI  - Payment plan alternatives for your patients.

PMID- 3855720
TI  - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A primer for dental assistants.

PMID- 3855719
TI  - Using the Boley gauge: how do you measure up?

PMID- 3855721
TI  - Establishing an effective employee evaluation.

PMID- 3855722
TI  - Silicone contact lenses: a personal 13-year perspective.

PMID- 3855723
TI  - European approaches to contact lenses: a panel report.

PMID- 3855724
TI  - Sulfate and methyldopa metabolism: metabolite patterns and platelet phenol
      sulfotransferase activity.
AB  - Sulfate conjugation catalyzed by phenol sulfotransferase (PST) is the major
      metabolic pathway for methyldopa. Methyldopa is also O-methylated in a reaction
      catalyzed by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Our studies were performed to
      determine whether sodium sulfate alters methyldopa metabolism. Methyldopa powder,
      3.5 mg/kg, was taken with and without sodium sulfate, 13.25 mg/kg, by 24 subjects
      in a randomized, crossover design. Compared with results obtained when only
      methyldopa was taken, sodium sulfate taken with methyldopa increased the
      proportion of drug excreted as methyldopa sulfate expressed as the percentage of
      all urinary metabolites (66.0% +/- 5.3% and 50.1% +/- 7.5%; means +/- SD). The
      percentage of free methyldopa excreted also decreased (17.1% +/- 3.7% and 27.3%
      +/- 5.5%). Platelet PST and red blood cell COMT activities were measured in blood
      samples from these subjects. When sodium sulfate was taken with methyldopa, there
      was a significant correlation between platelet PST activities and percentages of
      metabolites excreted as methyldopa sulfate (r = 0.545; P less than 0.01). This
      correlation was not significant when methyldopa was taken alone (r = -0.340; P
      greater than 0.10). There was a significant correlation between red blood cell
      COMT activities and the proportion of urinary metabolites excreted as 3-O-methyl
      alpha-methyldopa when methyldopa was taken alone (r = 0.532; P less than 0.01)
      but not when it was taken with sodium sulfate (r = 0.153; P greater than 0.20).
      Our data support the conclusion that variation in sulfate availability may be one
      factor responsible for individual differences in the metabolism of clinically
      used doses of methyldopa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3855725
TI  - Radiological work-up of primary malignant bone tumours.
AB  - 2 cases with primary malignant bone tumour - 1 with osteosarcoma in the distal
      femur and 1 with chondrosarcoma in the proximal humerus - are described in which
      treatment with limb-saving procedures instead of ablative surgery was possible.
      In connection with these two case studies a review and discussion is given about
      the value and limitations of different imaging studies, particularly CT,
      angiography and scintigraphy.

PMID- 3855726
TI  - Public dental programs for old-age pensioners in Norway: sociopolitical opinion
      among recipients.
AB  - In the adult Norwegian population there is substantial support for the expansion
      of public programs for old-age pensioners. However, the perception of old-age
      pensioners concerning dental services as social welfare institutions is
      practically unknown. The purpose of this study was to provide some tentative data
      on this sociopolitical tissue. As part of a field experiment on delivery of
      dental services for old-age pensioners in the county of Troms, the old-age
      pensioners of one municipality (n = 572) were asked about which strategy public
      authorities should adhere to when allocating dental care resources to old-age
      pensioners. About 40% favored equal opportunities for all, while about 50%
      preferred dental services based upon need. This indicates a pattern of
      polarization, but this was not confirmed in a multivariate analysis (R2 = 0.01),
      which might be interpreted as indifference to the issue on the part of a majority
      of the pensioners. Only one subgroup deviated significantly from the aggregate
      distribution: of those who were negative to the pensioner role, 68% favored need
      based dental services.

PMID- 3855727
TI  - Distributive effects of dental programs for old-age pensioners in Norway.
AB  - The purpose of the present paper was to study the distributive effects of
      different delivery models of dental services to old-age pensioners in the county
      of Troms in Northern Norway. The empirical basis was formed by a baseline survey
      at the start of a 50% demand subsidy in 1975/76, and from a delivery experiment
      along a "market-need" dimension which was started in 1978 and lasted for 1 yr in
      three research areas (Municipalities). In the control area there was no
      intervention beyond the 50% demand subsidy, while the two experimental areas
      differed with regard to improvements of the market mechanism in terms of
      increasing degree of collective decisions as to which treatment needs should come
      to treatment. The aggregate consumption of dental services was relatively
      unaffected by a reduction in the price of dental treatment. The improvements of
      the market contributed to a net gain in use rate from 16% to 23%, while moving
      towards the "need" end of the "market-need" dimension. By minimizing the market
      mechanism, the use of dental services expanded and the cost of the programs
      increased, but whether the inequalities diminished could not be decided
      empirically.

PMID- 3855728
TI  - Comparison of caries prevalence 7 years after discontinuation of school-based
      fluoride rinsing or toothbrushing in Norway.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare caries prevalence in two groups of 21-yr
      olds 6-7 yr after discontinuation of school-based preventive programs consisting
      respectively of fortnightly rinsing or brushing 3-5 times per year with NaF
      solutions. Stratified random samples of 125 persons were drawn from appropriate
      population registers. Non-response was 30%. Blind clinical and radiographic
      examinations were carried out and the subjects were interviewed concerning their
      dental health related behavior. The results revealed significantly lower mean
      DMFS score in the rinsing than in the brushing group (P less than 0.001).
      Comparisons with results of other studies suggest persistence of benefits of
      school-based preventive programs after discontinuation.

PMID- 3855729
TI  - Skeletal changes in dentists and farmers in Finland.
AB  - Two groups were studied: dentists and farmers from the Turku area. Radiologic
      examination of both groups included the spinal column, rib cage and shoulder
      joint. Spondylosis of the cervical spine was present in 68 (52.1%) of the
      dentists and 59 (19.2%) of the farmers. Lumbar spondylosis was more common among
      farmers than among dentists in the corresponding age group. Changes in the
      shoulder joint occurred significantly more often in dentists than in farmers. The
      findings in this study indicate that dentists appear to belong to the group doing
      heavy work.

PMID- 3855730
TI  - Variation in radiographic interpretation and restorative treatment decisions on
      approximal caries among dentists in Norway.
AB  - Of a random sample of dentists in Norway (n = 741), 83% responded to a
      questionnaire about their use of radiographs in and their opinions and knowledge
      about the diagnosis of approximal caries. There was great disparity in criteria
      for initiation of restorative treatment of approximal caries based on
      radiographic appearance. Two thirds of the dentists would do restorative
      treatment of lesions confined to enamel, the others would wait until lesions had
      reached the dentin before treatment was commenced. The criteria for restoration
      based on radiographic appearance was best correlated with the dentists' opinions
      about cavity formation. About 20% of the variation in criteria among dentists was
      explained by the radiographic appearance dentists associated wih the presence of
      a cavity. The majority of the dentists believed that approximal caries progressed
      faster than is indicated by progression studies. The interval between recall
      examinations using radiographs was not consistently shorter for dentists who
      decided to carry out operative caries treatment at a relatively advanced stage.

PMID- 3855731
TI  - DMFS(e) index for selection of clinical trial subjects.
AB  - The aim of this study was to develop an index for selection of those subjects
      able to increase the discriminatory ability of experimental clinical trials of
      caries prophylactic agents. The index, DMFS(e), excludes from the calculation of
      initial DMFS all occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars and any of those
      teeth extracted due to caries. Data from four clinical trials, three with placebo
      and one with an active control, were examined retrospectively. Subjects were
      initially aged 11-12 yr. The efficiency of the DMFS(e) index was compared to DMFS
      for selection of discriminating subgroups by the calculation of minimum sample
      sizes required to attain statistical significance (alpha = 0.05, beta = 0.2). For
      each trial, the DMFS(e) index was more efficient. Specific criteria were
      established for those subjects who consistently failed to contribute to the study
      results. Following exclusion of those subjects, considerable saving in minimum
      sample size was achieved, the greatest reduction occurring in the active control
      trial.

PMID- 3855733
TI  - Influence of social class and fluoridation on child dental health.
AB  - In this study in oral epidemiology, officially collected statistics are presented
      which show that, 15 yr after fluoridation commenced in Auckland, New Zealand,
      there was still a significant correlation between dental health of children and
      their social class. They also show that treatment levels have continued to
      decline in both fluoridated and unfluoridated areas, and are related to social
      class factors rather than to the presence or absence of water fluoridation. In
      the unfluoridated areas all the children, and in the fluoridated areas only
      selected children, had received regular topical fluoride treatments. In both
      areas the use of fluoride tooth-pastes and oral hygiene had been encouraged. When
      the socioeconomic variable is allowed for, child dental health appears to be
      better in the unfluoridated areas.

PMID- 3855732
TI  - Reproducibility of a clinical screening method for assessing gingival
      inflammation, pockets and plaque retentions.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of the Periodontal
      Treatment Need System (PTNS), when plaque retentions were examined separately. A
      sample of 8000 persons was drawn to represent the Finnish population aged 30 yr
      and over. The first clinical examination (total sample) was made by a specially
      trained expanded-duty dental auxiliary (EDDA). During the second examination (2-6
      months later), 20% of the total sample was reexamined by a dentist, and of those,
      every 6th patient was examined by the EDDA. Reproducibility of the PTNS was
      assessed as intra- and interexaminer agreement and was calculated using Cohen's
      kappa and weighted kappa. The intraexaminer weighted kappa values were 0.67 +/-
      0.05 for the PTNS and 0.48 +/- 0.15 for plaque retentions. The interexaminer
      weighted kappa values between the PTNS registrations were 0.77 +/- 0.05 and 0.74
      +/- 0.12 in plaque retentions when examinations were made within 1 day, and 0.53
      +/- 0.05 and 0.37 +/- 0.07, respectively, when the interexaminer registrations
      were made with an interval of 2-6 months between them. The kappa values for intra
      and interexaminer reliability reflect quite high reproducibility.

PMID- 3855735
TI  - Partial recording of gingivitis and dental plaque in children of different ages
      and in young adults.
AB  - In epidemiologic studies, total recordings of the amount of dental plaque and the
      degree of gingival inflammation tend to be too time-consuming. Various partial
      recording methods have accordingly been suggested. However, the validity of these
      methods when applied to different age groups has not been investigated
      sufficiently. The aim of the present study was to test whether different systems
      for partial recording of plaque and gingivitis can take the place of a full-mouth
      recording in children of different ages and in young adults. Ninety children,
      divided into three age groups (4-6, 7-9, 14-16 yr), and 30 adults (20-22 yr) were
      examined. The degree of gingival inflammation was recorded using the Gingival
      Index and the amount of dental plaque using the Plaque Index. Two partial
      recording methods were tested. One of these covered the teeth suggested by
      Ramfjord, modified for children with a primary dentition, and the other the front
      segment of the maxilla. The results were compared with those from an examination
      of all tooth surfaces. In all age groups excellent agreement was found between
      the partial recording method suggested by Ramfjord and a full-mouth recording of
      both the gingival state and the amount of dental plaque. Examination of the
      maxillary front segment was less accurate and resulted in a systematic
      underestimate.

PMID- 3855734
TI  - Dental caries and blood groups in South African blacks.
AB  - DMFT scores were determined in series of 1) urban Black adolescents (132 boys,
      143 girls) aged 16-18 yr, and 2) rural Black mothers (480) aged 20-35 yr. Each
      series was divided into upper and lower thirds, with respect to DMFT. No
      relationship was apparent between segments with good versus inferior teeth, and
      blood groups.

PMID- 3855736
TI  - Frequency and suppliers of removable dentures in Finland in 1983.
AB  - The frequency of removable dentures and their suppliers were surveyed in March
      1983 by interviewing a sample comprising 957 persons drawn to cover the total
      Finnish population aged 15 yr and over. The interviews revealed that there were
      328 denture wearers in this sample (34.3%). The age-standardized rates were 39.7%
      for denture wearers and 20.4% for those wearing full dentures in both jaws. The
      rates for complete edentulousness, removable partial dentures of some kind and
      only partial denture wearing were 21.3%, 10.3% and 6.9%, respectively. Almost all
      of the removable denture wearers had a denture in the maxilla (97%); 62% had one
      in the mandible. Dental technicians with a special degree have the right to
      supply full dentures direct to clients in Finland. Dentists supplied 45% and
      dental technicians 53% of the full dentures surveyed. The study revealed a
      contradiction between the legal rights of dental technicians to supply dentures
      direct to clients and the current practice. The choice of the supplier of a
      removable denture showed no significant correlation with the education and income
      of denture wearers. The high frequency of dentures and the misconceptions
      regarding the supplying of them call for improvement in oral health education.

PMID- 3855737
TI  - Differentiating dental satisfaction in Finns by means of discriminant analyses.
AB  - In March 1983 dental satisfaction was studied by interviews with a sample
      comprising 957 persons drawn to cover the total Finnish population aged 15 yr or
      over. 34% of the interviewees wore removable dentures of some kind. 78% of
      persons with only natural teeth and 56% of denture wearers were satisfied with
      their dentition (subjective estimation of dentition excellent or good). Among
      persons with only natural teeth the level of satisfaction differed significantly
      with respect to sex, age, toothbrushing frequency and the latest dental visit.
      Such a difference was not found among denture wearers. The time elapsed since the
      latest dental visit was the most important single variable in the discriminant
      analyses of the level of satisfaction both in the whole series and among persons
      with only natural teeth. Sex was the only variable in the discriminant analysis
      which related to satisfaction with dentition among denture wearers. The
      classification of dissatisfied persons, with and without removable dentures, was
      far from adequate. It was rarely possible to predict satisfaction with removable
      dentures using discriminant analysis. The results depict the complexity of the
      problem. More understanding is needed of the contributions of psychologic factors
      to patient behavior.

PMID- 3855738
TI  - Retained interdental papilla procedure for maintaining anterior esthetics.

PMID- 3855739
TI  - Microbiology and immunopathology of pulpal and periapical infections. Part II.

PMID- 3855740
TI  - Intra-articular meniscus dysfunction and the spectrum of TMJ problems.

PMID- 3855741
TI  - The sensitivity-reducing effect of brushing with a potassium nitrate-sodium
      monofluorophosphate dentifrice.

PMID- 3855742
TI  - Office management of phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth.

PMID- 3855743
TI  - Torus palatinus, an exostosis of unknown etiology: review of the literature.

PMID- 3855745
TI  - Home care for ventilator-dependent individuals.

PMID- 3855744
TI  - Three cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with oral
      manifestations.

PMID- 3855746
TI  - Placental transfer of cefmenoxime in late pregnancy.
AB  - The broad spectrum of activity and the beta-lactamase stability of cefmenoxime
      provide this new cephalosporin a possible efficacy in the treatment of
      obstetrical infections. This study was designed to evaluate the placental
      transfer of cefmenoxime. The study group consisted of 21 pregnant women
      undergoing a cesarian section. After a single intramuscular injection of 1 g of
      cefmenoxime, samples of maternal blood and amniotic fluid were taken 30 min
      before and at delivery; the same samples as well as umbilical cord blood samples
      were also taken 1, 2, 3 or 4 h after the injection, in order to evaluate the
      kinetics of the drug. The antibiotic assay was carried out by microbiological
      procedure. The results of the study showed (1) a peak level of 16 micrograms/ml
      in maternal serum, with a slow decrease and a residual value of 3 micrograms/ml
      at 4 h; (2) increasing levels of the drug in cord blood, with a peak value of 4.8
      micrograms/ml; (3) a progressive diffusion of cefmenoxime in amniotic fluid,
      reaching the highest value of 4.7 micrograms/ml at 3 h, and (4) parallel kinetics
      of the drug in amniotic fluid and in cord blood. On the whole, this study showed
      a significant placental transfer of cefmenoxime, achieving therapeutic
      concentrations required against microorganisms responsible for obstetrical
      infections.

PMID- 3855747
TI  - Storage in vivo of [3H]prostaglandins by rabbit blastocysts.
AB  - Day 6 rabbit blastocysts that had previously been incubated with 10 nM
      [3H]prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), [3H] PGF2 alpha, or 0.5 microCi [3H]water were
      surgically transferred to the uteri of day 6 pseudopregnant recipient rabbits. At
      1, 3, and 20 h after transfer, blastocysts were collected from the recipient
      rabbits and evaluated for retention of [3H]ligands. The transferred day 6
      blastocysts were able to retain a significant proportion of the initial PGs for
      up to 20 h in vivo. These PGs were not metabolized while they remained in the
      blastocysts in vivo, as assessed by HPLC. The transferred blastocysts appeared
      normal and viable after 20 h in vivo, since implantation sites could be detected
      visually. These data support our hypothesis that blastocysts can sequester PGs
      from their environment in vivo and retain them unmetabolized during the critical
      period just before implantation.

PMID- 3855748
TI  - The importance of quantitative Mossbauer spectroscopy of MoFe-protein from
      Azotobacter vinelandii.
AB  - The Mossbauer spectra of MoFe-protein of Azotobacter vinelandii, as isolated
      under dithionite and taken at temperatures from 125 K to 175 K, are the sums of
      four resolved quadrupole doublets. Our results indicate that the currently
      accepted interpretation of these doublets can be questioned. Our data reduction
      method converts the Mossbauer transmission spectra to source lineshape
      deconvolved absorption spectra linear in iron. We used these absorption spectra
      to determine the stoichiometry of the Fe clusters in MoFe-protein and we obtained
      much better fits if we assumed that there are four iron atoms in the 'Fe2+,
      doublet, two iron atoms in the 'S' doublet, twelve iron atoms in the 'D' doublet
      and sixteen iron atoms in the 'M' doublet. Therefore we propose that the MoFe
      cofactor contains one molybdenum and eight iron atoms ('M'). We also argue that
      none of the previous Mossbauer spectroscopic studies have been performed on the
      highest-activity preparation now obtainable, nor has there been any study to
      prove that the Mossbauer spectra are independent of activity. We consider that
      the Mossbauer spectroscopic studies of the MoFe-protein of nitrogenase are a re
      opened and unsolved problem.

PMID- 3855749
TI  - The catalytic activity of nitrogenase in intact Azotobacter vinelandii cells.
AB  - The influence of the growth conditions on the concentration of nitrogenase and on
      the nitrogenase activity, was studied in intact Azotobacter vinelandii cells. It
      was observed that whole cell nitrogenase activity could be enhanced in two ways.
      An increase of the growth rate of cells was accompanied by an increase in whole
      cell nitrogenase activity and by an increase in the concentration of nitrogenase
      in the cells. The molar ratio of Fe protein:MoFe protein was 1.47 +/- 0.17 and
      independent of the growth rate. Activity measurements in cell extracts showed
      that the catalytic activity of the nitrogenase proteins was independent of the
      growth rate of cells. The second way to increase whole cell nitrogenase activity
      was to expose cells to excess oxygen. Whole cells were exposed for 2.5 h to an
      enhanced oxygen-input rate. After this incubation nitrogenase activity was
      increased without an increase in protein concentration. It is calculated that the
      catalytic activity of the Fe protein in these cells was 6200 nmol C2H4 formed X
      min-1 X (mg Fe protein)-1. With these cells and with cells grown at a high growth
      rate, 50% of the whole cell activity is lost by preparing a cell-free extract. It
      will be demonstrated that this inactivation is partly caused by the activity
      measurements in vitro. When dithionite was replaced by flavodoxin as electron
      donor, a maximal catalytic activity of 4500 nmol C2H4 formed X min-1 X (mg Fe
      protein)-1 was measured in vitro for the Fe protein. The results are discussed in
      relation to the present model for nitrogenase catalysis.

PMID- 3855750
TI  - Presence of hormonogenic and repetitive domains in the first 930 amino acids of
      bovine thyroglobulin as deduced from the cDNA sequence.
AB  - The sequence of the first 2831 nucleotides of bovine thyroglobulin mRNA has been
      determined from the analysis of a cDNA clone. Following a 41-nucleotide 5'
      untranslated sequence, a single open-reading frame encoding 930 amino acids was
      observed. This corresponds to the aminoterminal third of thyroglobulin, preceded
      by a putative signal peptide of 19 amino acids. The protein sequence was found to
      be essentially made of the sevenfold repetition of a 60-amino-acid-long building
      unit, interrupted at fixed positions by unrelated segments of variable length.
      The presence of an internal homology within the repetitive unit itself suggests
      that the 5' region of the thyroglobulin gene has evolved from the initial
      duplication of a relatively short sequence, followed by the serial duplication of
      the resulting unit. The tyrosine residue at position five has been assigned an
      important hormonogenic function [Mercken, L., Simons, M.-J. and Vassart, G.
      (1982) FEBS Lett. 149, 285-287]. This residue is flanked by sequence elements
      related to the repeated unit, suggesting that the hormonogenic domain evolved
      also from the basic ancestor sequence.

PMID- 3855751
TI  - Phase I-II evaluation of carminomycin in adults with acute leukemia.
AB  - Twenty courses of carminomycin were administered to 18 evaluable adult patients
      with acute leukemia (14 ANLL, 2 ALL, 2 CGL-BC). All but one received daily doses
      of 6-14 mg/m2 for 5 consecutive days. Two patients older than 60 yr had not prior
      chemotherapy and the others had refractory or relapsed disease. The median age
      was 60 yr. Three ANLL patients achieved complete remission for 8, 9 and 9 months
      respectively, with no maintenance therapy. None of these had proven clinical
      resistance to daunomycin and/or doxorubicin. Mucositis was dose-related and dose
      limiting. Nausea and vomiting were rare. Alopecia was constant. Cardiac arrythmia
      was ascribed to carminomycin in two patients. One episode of cardiac failure
      seemed clearly drug-related and recovered with symptomatic treatment. In
      conclusion, encouraging antileukemic activity was observed with carminomycin in
      poor-risk patients. At doses up to 12 mg/m2 day X 5, extramedullary toxicity
      remained acceptable.

PMID- 3855752
TI  - Transcatheter infusion of 99mTc MAA for predicting response of intra-arterial
      chemotherapy in osteogenic sarcoma.
AB  - Ten patients with histologically proven osteogenic sarcoma received multiple
      courses of intra-arterial chemotherapy. Patients received 2-3 mCi 99mTc
      macroaggregated albumin (MAA) infused through indwelling arterial catheters prior
      to, during and after the chemotherapy, and static images of tumor beds and lungs
      were taken and compared with contrast angiographic findings. Of the 31 studies to
      evaluate tumor vascularity, 26 agreed and five showed discrepancies. In general,
      decreased tumor vascularity, as represented by reduced MAA uptake by the tumor,
      corresponded to decreased tumor size and to increased tumor calcification seen on
      radiographs. Twenty-six of the 31 lung-imaging studies also revealed agreement
      between decreasing tumor vascularity, based on decreasing MAA tumor uptake, and
      decreasing lung uptake of the radioactivity. Decreased lung uptake of the
      activity on the last follow-up study in eight patients corresponded to reduced
      tumor involvement and improved patient performance status.

PMID- 3855753
TI  - The cell specificity and biosynthesis of mouse glycophorins studied with
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Murine erythropoiesis represents a favourable system in which to investigate the
      coordinate regulation of gene expression due to the availability of erythroid
      precursor cells at various stages of differentiation. In this report, we
      investigate the biosynthesis and cell specificity of two characteristic murine
      RBC membrane glycoproteins that resemble the human RBC glycophorins: a major
      component of apparent molecular mass 31 kD (glycophorin MA) and a minor 46 kD
      component (glycophorin MB). Both glycophorins bind to wheat germ lectin and share
      a common protein antigenic determinant recognised by a monoclonal antibody (GP
      29.4), but they differ significantly in their carbohydrate components: whilst
      both glycophorins contain mainly O-linked sugars, glycophorin MA contains in
      addition at least one N-linked carbohydrate residue and terminal sialic acid
      residues. Pulse-chase in vivo labelling experiments combined with in vitro
      translations of glycophorin mRNAs show that the initial precursor to glycophorin
      MA is a 24.5 kD polypeptide which is subsequently processed and glycosylated to
      give the mature 31 kD molecule via a 21.5 kD polypeptide intermediate. Both
      glycophorins MA and MB are synthesized most actively in early to mid
      erythroblasts (e.g., Friend cells induced for 3 days with DMSO) but their
      synthesis is considerably reduced by the reticulocyte stage. However, of the
      other cell types tested (neuroblastoma, myeloma, fibroblasts, epithelial cells
      and T-lymphoma cells), none synthesizes glycophorin with the possible exception
      of a low level in thymus tissue. Thus murine glycophorins, in contrast to the RBC
      cytoskeletal proteins (spectrin, ankyrin, band 4.1) seem to be restricted to the
      erythroid cell lineage like human glycophorin.

PMID- 3855754
TI  - Cell cycle effects of an autologous growth promoter from human leukemia cells.
AB  - The mechanism of action of an autologous growth promoter, produced by HL-60 cells
      grown in serum-free defined medium, was investigated. Determinations of cell
      cycle phase distribution, which showed an approx. 16% increase in S and G2M with
      a reciprocal decrease in G1 cells, indicated a mechanism causing decreased time
      in G1, resulting in a more rapid entry of cells into G2M. Adsorption of the
      culture supernatant with HL-60 cells resulted in a decreased promoter activity,
      suggesting an autologous receptor mechanism for the promoter.

PMID- 3855755
TI  - Marker analysis of cloned populations of human monocytes.
AB  - The presence of myelomonocytic progenitor cells in human peripheral blood was
      used for the analysis of cloned populations of human monocytes. Colonies of
      granulocytes and macrophages were obtained by plating peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells (PBM) in methylcellulose containing medium in the presence of
      medium conditioned by nonstimulated PBM (CM). Following 20-25 days of incubation,
      most colonies were found to consist of cells with monocyte-macrophage morphology.
      Cloned populations of monocytes were tested for several monocyte membrane markers
      and compared to noncloned adherent monocytes. HLA-DR, 63D3, LeuM2 antigens and Fc
      receptors were expressed on cells from individual colonies in similar proportions
      to their expression on noncloned monocytes. Some colonies were uniform in their
      negative expression of the 63D3 antigen, as were the noncloned monocytes.
      Although the clonality of cells tested was not directly proven, these results
      indicated that at least for some monocyte markers, heterogeneous expression was
      obtained in monoclonal populations of monocytes. It is possible, however, that
      testing of additional markers and functions may reveal homogeneous clones of
      monocytes and suggest the existence of stable subsets.

PMID- 3855757
TI  - Maxillary and mandibular anterior repositioning splints (ARS).

PMID- 3855756
TI  - HEL and K562 cells: analysis of proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
      and comparison to erythroid and nonerythroid cells.
AB  - We have examined the total protein composition of the erythroleukemia cell lines
      K562 and HEL using high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and have
      compared them with the pattern obtained by normal erythroid and nonerythroid
      cells. The proteins from the two cell lines, K562 and HEL, gave two-dimensional
      patterns that were similar to each other and to that of normal lymphocytes or
      leukemic cell lines. In contrast, normal erythroid precursor cells (BFUe-derived
      normoblasts) and erythrocytes have a protein profile that is characteristic and
      significantly different from that of normal lymphocytes or the leukemic cell
      lines examined. These data suggest a common protein profile in hemopoietic cells
      at early stages of differentiation (K562, HEL, or other leukemic lines) and in
      normal lymphocytes. Erythroid cells, in contrast to lymphoid cells, appear to
      diverge significantly from this common protein profile when differentiation
      proceeds to the level of morphologically recognizable erythroid cells. Induction
      of K562 and HEL cells by hemin produces changes in the abundance of several
      proteins, but fails to change the overall protein profile of the two cell lines.

PMID- 3855758
TI  - Correction of anterior disc displacement.

PMID- 3855759
TI  - Temporomandibular joint meniscus repair surgery: a follow-up study.

PMID- 3855760
TI  - Treatment of temporomandibular disc dislocations with a function regulator II.

PMID- 3855761
TI  - Correction of Class II, division 2 deep bite.

PMID- 3855762
TI  - Ligated anterior repositioning splint.

PMID- 3855763
TI  - Legal aspects of terminating the dentist-patient relationship.

PMID- 3855764
TI  - Preventing litigation: pitfalls in practice.

PMID- 3855765
TI  - How sweet is it?

PMID- 3855766
TI  - Where some of the others stand: an update on saccharin, cyclamates, xylitol.

PMID- 3855767
TI  - Marketable resumes and cover letters.

PMID- 3855769
TI  - Marketing American Dental Association-accredited dental assisting education part
      II.

PMID- 3855768
TI  - Interviewing strategies: selling yourself.

PMID- 3855770
TI  - Results of 1984 ADAA salary survey.

PMID- 3855771
TI  - Special services: practice building the professional way.

PMID- 3855773
TI  - Total marketing: the best way to build your practice.

PMID- 3855772
TI  - Disability insurance: find the plan that fits your needs.

PMID- 3855774
TI  - Meeting the media: how to project a professional image.

PMID- 3855775
TI  - A guide to the new restorative systems. A DM product guide. Part I.

PMID- 3855776
TI  - Dental fees: national and regional survey.

PMID- 3855777
TI  - What's the future for PCs?

PMID- 3855778
TI  - Ways to turn bratty kids into dental cherubs.

PMID- 3855779
TI  - The best way to answer dental insurance companies's queries.

PMID- 3855780
TI  - Drugs in dentistry. Antibiotics.

PMID- 3855781
TI  - Fee-for-service: what's the key to survival?

PMID- 3855782
TI  - Ways to win case acceptance.

PMID- 3855783
TI  - The selection, care, and feeding of the modern lab computer.

PMID- 3855784
TI  - Doctor, your account is 60 days past due!

PMID- 3855785
TI  - Topical fluorides: how much are you using?

PMID- 3855786
TI  - Early detection of child maltreatment.

PMID- 3855787
TI  - Juvenile periodontitis (periodontosis) and inheritance patterns.

PMID- 3855788
TI  - Professionalism through the process of career mobility. A historical perspective
      in California dentistry.

PMID- 3855789
TI  - Oral screening and the dental hygienist in a statewide Health Fair.

PMID- 3855790
TI  - The dental hygiene entry dilemma. An issue of prestige, image and professional
      credibility.

PMID- 3855791
TI  - Who are we? An update based on 1984 data.

PMID- 3855792
TI  - The 10 biggest mistakes young dentists make. You can avoid them.

PMID- 3855793
TI  - Increase those profits through stock management.

PMID- 3855794
TI  - Establish a game plan for your office team.

PMID- 3855795
TI  - Dental philately--it's more than a hobby.

PMID- 3855796
TI  - It pays to keep that financial data handy.

PMID- 3855797
TI  - Soothe your practice qualms with a postdoctoral residency.

PMID- 3855798
TI  - Enhance your image and your patient flow with marketing.

PMID- 3855799
TI  - The Dos and Don'ts when building your marketing plan.

PMID- 3855800
TI  - Plug in the formula that answers buying questions.

PMID- 3855802
TI  - How you can sidestep the malpractice trap.

PMID- 3855801
TI  - Financial information you need at your fingertips.

PMID- 3855803
TI  - Recall systems can make or break your practice.

PMID- 3855804
TI  - Retail store dentistry: another practice choice.

PMID- 3855805
TI  - Minimize those risks when buying a practice.

PMID- 3855806
TI  - "Charge it'. Words your practice can thrive by.

PMID- 3855807
TI  - Eliminate the guesswork of buying inventory.

PMID- 3855808
TI  - Beware of the hazards in your dental office.

PMID- 3855809
TI  - Low-cost research sources that work.

PMID- 3855810
TI  - Stimulate your staff with motivational techniques.

PMID- 3855811
TI  - Phone etiquette: your key to good patient relations.

PMID- 3855812
TI  - Taking licensing exams: practice makes perfect.

PMID- 3855813
TI  - Peer review: a dental examiner's nightmare.

PMID- 3855814
TI  - Dental students have the "right stuff".

PMID- 3855815
TI  - Symposium on semiprecision attachments in removable partial dentures.

PMID- 3855816
TI  - An overview of dental marketing.

PMID- 3855817
TI  - Plan your year in advance.

PMID- 3855818
TI  - 1984 Tax Reform Act plugged tax loopholes.

PMID- 3855819
TI  - Shedding light on malpractice.

PMID- 3855820
TI  - How the law affects your office records.

PMID- 3855821
TI  - 1984 survey looks at changes in dentists' office costs.

PMID- 3855823
TI  - The patient knows we care.

PMID- 3855822
TI  - Dental treatment coordinator.

PMID- 3855824
TI  - Practice sales on the increase.

PMID- 3855825
TI  - Using the four Ps of marketing to your advantage.

PMID- 3855826
TI  - Management of pain associated with temporomandibular disorders.

PMID- 3855827
TI  - Anterior restorative materials: a technique update.

PMID- 3855828
TI  - Anterior tooth alignment with fixed and removable appliances.

PMID- 3855829
TI  - A look at toothpaste ingredients.

PMID- 3855830
TI  - Treatment of dental phobia with hypnotherapy.

PMID- 3855831
TI  - A maxillary growth.

PMID- 3855832
TI  - Oral white patch.

PMID- 3855833
TI  - The eruption guidance myofunctional appliance: case selection, timing,
      motivation, indications and contraindications in its use.

PMID- 3855834
TI  - Dental photography.

PMID- 3855835
TI  - JCAH survey postponement granted under procedures.

PMID- 3855836
TI  - The JCAH and the autopsy.

PMID- 3855837
TI  - Two subtypes of BfF by isoelectrofocusing: differential linkage to other HLA
      markers.
AB  - By isoelectrofocusing in agarose, the properdin factor allotype BfF could be
      split into two subtypes: BfFa with one major cathodic band and BfFb with the same
      cathodic band but in addition a major anodic band. By scanning, BfFaFb
      heterozygotes were distinguished from BfFbFb homozygotes by the stronger
      intensity of the anodic band in the latter. The two subtypes were segregated
      perfectly with HLA in 40 families and showed different association patterns with
      HLA markers. BfFa seemed to be linked to B35 while BfFb showed a strong linkage
      with all the components of the following haplotype: HLA-A29, Cw-, B44, BfFb,
      C4A3B1, DR7. The frequency of BfFa among BfFS heterozygotes was 41% (46/113) and
      that of BfFb 59% (67/113).

PMID- 3855838
TI  - Association between a genetic trait and a marker: discrimination between
      epistasis and gametic disequilibrium.
AB  - We reconsider the method of Ott and Falk (1982) for the analysis of genetic
      linkage and of epistasis in the presence of phenotypic association. Their
      approach is extended to allow for gametic disequilibrium between marker and trait
      loci. We show that epistasis and tight linkage with gametic disequilibrium may be
      indistinguishable as explanations of association even in a very large pedigree.

PMID- 3855839
TI  - Clotting factors VII and X as useful markers of terminal deletion of chromosome
      13.

PMID- 3855840
TI  - Market strategy--market analysis.

PMID- 3855841
TI  - The U.S. Presidents teeth--how good were they?

PMID- 3855842
TI  - Are you practicing legally?

PMID- 3855843
TI  - Preliminary report on effects of prostaglandin E2 on brain edema in fulminant
      hepatic failure rats.

PMID- 3855844
TI  - Transfection by human oncogenes: concomitant induction of tumorigenicity and
      tumor-associated membrane alterations.
AB  - NIH 3T3 cells were transfected with DNA derived from human bladder carcinoma,
      colon carcinoma and HL60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. The transfectants were
      examined for the presence of human oncogenes in relation to tumorigenic potential
      and composition of surface-located fucosyl glycopeptides by gel filtration,
      Concanavalin-A-binding and high-performance liquid chromatography. All
      transfectants, harboring 3 different human cellular ras genes, appeared to be
      tumorigenic in nude mice and displayed characteristically altered glycopeptides.
      The surface glycopeptides were consistently changed to higher apparent molecular
      weight due to enrichment in higher-branched sialic-acid-containing glycopeptides.
      Similar alterations have been found previously in virally- and chemically
      transformed cells in vitro and tumors raised in vivo, and were designated as
      cancer-related or tumor-associated glycopeptides. Revertants derived from HL60
      DNA-induced transfectants, which had lost the transfected human N-ras oncogene,
      simultaneously lost their tumorigenic potential and expression of cancer-related
      membrane glycopeptides. In addition, spontaneous transformants, exhibiting
      morphology and growth patterns indistinguishable from those of tumor-DNA-induced
      transfectants, neither contained transferred human DNA sequences nor expressed
      cancer-related glycopeptides. Nevertheless these cells were capable, after
      prolonged latency periods, of inducing tumors in nude mice. Cells derived from
      such tumors constantly displayed cancer-related glycopeptides on their surface,
      suggesting selection of tumorigenic cells from spontaneous transformants during
      passage in nude mice. In one of these tumors at least, an endogenous mouse ras
      gene appeared to be activated. The results indicate a close correlation between
      the presence of activated ras-oncogenes in the genome of the transfected cells,
      the tumorigenic potential of these cells and the expression of surface-located
      cancer-related glycopeptides. The data suggest that functions provided by human
      ras-oncogenes contribute to the alteration of membrane glycopeptides on tumor
      cells.

PMID- 3855845
TI  - Natural killer cell resistance in K-562 cell sublines.
AB  - Sublines of the hematopoietic stem cell line K-562 were tested for their
      susceptibility to human natural killer (NK) cell activity. A correlation was
      found between the degree of NK-mediated lysis and the presence or absence of
      particular chromosomal markers. K-562 subline susceptible to lysis by NK were
      found to express karyotypically a deletion 9- and a marker 8(t1-18), whereas
      resistant sublines did not express these markers. A cloned K-562 subline B1V was
      chosen as representative of a resistant subline. This subline was resistant to
      lysis even after prolonged incubation and activation of the NK cells with
      interferon. However, it was found that B1V was lysed by both antibody-dependent,
      complement-mediated and antibody-dependent cellular mechanisms at levels
      comparable to those seen with NK-sensitive K-562 sublines. Subline B1V did
      compete poorly with NK-sensitive K-562 in cold-target inhibition; however,
      conjugate-formation assays demonstrated that the binding of NK cells to B1V cells
      is comparable to that of NK-sensitive K-562 cells. We suggest that cells of the
      cloned line B1V are recognized normally by NK cells but do not activate the lytic
      mechanism of the bound NK cell. Treatment of the resistant clone B1V with
      neuraminidase did not lead to enhanced levels of lysis. Protein extracts of NK
      sensitive K-562 sublines efficiently inhibited lysis by NK cells but extracts of
      the resistant clone, B1V, did not inhibit lysis, suggesting that the clone lacks
      cell surface determinants involved in the post-recognitive activation of the NK
      cytolytic mechanism.

PMID- 3855846
TI  - Sweet's syndrome: a presenting sign of acute myelogenous leukemia.

PMID- 3855847
TI  - An anti-I-A murine monoclonal antibody which cross-reacts with HLA-DR2.
AB  - A murine monoclonal antibody, 12.7G3, directed against an Ia antigen encoded by
      genes in the I-Ab subregion of the H-2 genetic complex, was found to be cytotoxic
      against human B lymphocytes. When tested against a random panel of normal human
      donors, the reactivity of 12.7G3 exhibited a correlation coefficient of 0.58-0.68
      with cells expressing HLA-DR2. Antibody reactivity segregated with HLA-DR2 in two
      families studied. Binding of 12.7G3, as detected by immunofluorescence using flow
      microfluorometry, was positive for two human cell lines, GM 3161 and HFB-1, both
      expressing HLA-DR2, and negative for two other cell lines, GM 3104 (DR1,1) and GM
      3164 (DR4,4).

PMID- 3855848
TI  - Influence of the oxygen pressure in the culture medium on the oxygenation of
      different types of multicellular spheroids.
AB  - Six different types of spheroids of both human and rodent origin were cultured,
      using the liquid-overlay technique. Oxygen gradients were measured with micro
      electrodes, when the spheroids were attached to thin cover-glasses. The gradients
      were measured from the upper surface towards the center of the spheroids. Stable
      and reproducible gradients were obtained. Large variations were seen in the
      steepness of the gradients, depending both on the type and on the size of the
      spheroids. An interesting phenomenon was discovered. When some types of spheroids
      were cultured in a medium with a low oxygen pressure (medium equilibrated with
      gas containing 4-5% O2), the gradients continuously changed and became flatter.
      Detailed studies showed that most of the changes occurred within 2 days after the
      transfer to the low oxygen pressure. After 2 days, no further dramatic changes
      took place. This phenomenon was seen in two types of human glioma (U-118 MG and U
      178 MG) and two types of embryonic, hamster lung-cell (V-79-379A and CHEL)
      spheroids. In the cases of human-osteosarcoma (U-393 OS) and human thyroid-cancer
      (HTh7) spheroids, no such changes could be seen. The low oxygen tension in the
      culture medium was chosen to mimic the environmental conditions in solid tumors.

PMID- 3855849
TI  - Evidence for dynamically determined conformational states in rhodanese catalysis.
AB  - Physical and kinetic studies have been used to explore hysteretic effects that
      are observed in rhodanese catalysis at pH 5 and also at neutral pH when the ionic
      strength of the medium is high. Experiments that involve observation of changes
      in intrinsic protein fluorescence of the enzyme and kinetic investigation of its
      interactions with product thiocyanate anion at pH 5 have implicated enzyme
      isomerization as the cause of hysteresis. Taken all together, the data indicate
      that the conformations of enzyme forms in the catalytic cycle are dynamically
      determined, depending on the relative rates of conformational relaxation and
      catalysis as influenced by the concentrations of substrates and products.

PMID- 3855851
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of a nerve growth factor-sensitive
      kinase and its substrate from PC12 cells.
AB  - The cell-free, nerve growth factor-sensitive incorporation of radioactive
      phosphate into a 100,000-dalton protein (Nsp100), observed in a previous study
      (End,D., Tolson, N., Hashimoto, S., and Guroff, G. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258,
      6549-6555), has been characterized and the system fractionated. It is shown here
      that the decrease in incorporation due to treatment of the cells with nerve
      growth factor is transient, even in the continued presence of nerve growth
      factor. The decrease in radioactive phosphate incorporation is due to an
      inhibition of phosphorylation, not to a stimulation of a dephosphorylation.
      Evidence is presented to suggest that no soluble cofactors are needed for the
      phosphorylation and no soluble second messengers are responsible for the
      inhibition. It is demonstrated that the phosphorylation requires divalent
      cations; both Mg2+ and Mn2+ are effective in this regard. ATP is the preferred
      phosphate donor, the phosphorylation is maximal at pH values between 5 and 6, and
      Na+, K+, and Zn2+ are rather specific inhibitors. The system has been partially
      purified and the resolved components have been used to show that the kinase and
      the substrate are separate molecules, that the kinase, not the substrate, is the
      heat-labile portion, and that the kinase has a molecular weight of 110,000
      130,000. Finally, evidence is presented to indicate that the kinase, not the
      substrate, is the component responsible for the decrease in phosphorylation seen
      after treatment of the cells with nerve growth factor.

PMID- 3855850
TI  - Sequential alterations in globin gene chromatin structure during erythroleukemia
      cell differentiation.
AB  - During differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells, adult beta-globin gene
      chromatin acquires site-specific, DNase I hypersensitivity and an increased
      sensitivity in the globin gene region toward micrococcal nuclease (MNase)
      digestion. The relationship of these changes in chromatin structure to globin
      gene activation and to cellular commitment events has been studied. Imidazole,
      which blocks globin gene transcription during induction does not affect the
      terminal differentiation of the cells nor does it prevent the acquisition of
      DNAse I hypersensitivity. The formation of the inducible DNase I-hypersensitive
      site near the globin gene accompanies the developmental events which lead to
      cellular differentiation independent of the transcription process. The increased
      MNase sensitivity of the adult beta-globin gene region, normally preceded by the
      acquisition of 5' DNase I hypersensitivity, was blocked by the addition of
      imidazole prior to but not after globin gene activation. The enhanced MNase
      sensitivity was not abolished by the addition of actinomycin D and, thus,
      reflects a part of chromatin alterations that define potential for transcription.
      Therefore, there is a sequential series of chromatin alterations in the globin
      gene region associated with murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation. The
      appearance of the inducible 5' DNase I-hypersensitive site precedes the onset of
      globin gene transcription and is strongly correlated with commitment events. The
      enhanced MNase sensitivity is closely related to globin gene transcription, but
      it is not a consequence of the transcription process. In addition, the commitment
      of cells to terminal differentiation is dissociable from the stimulation of
      globin gene transcription.

PMID- 3855853
TI  - 7-Hydroxy-methotrexate and clinical toxicity following high-dose methotrexate
      therapy.
AB  - 7-Hydroxy-MTX production after consecutive high-dose MTX therapy (12 g/m2) was
      measured in 7 patients with osteosarcoma by HPLC. 7-Hydroxy-MTX serum values in
      the last cycle were found to be significantly lower compared with the first high
      dose MTX treatment of the adjuvant chemotherapy protocol (COSS 80). Moreover, in
      another patient highly reduced 7-hydroxy-MTX production was correlated with
      severe clinical toxicity. As 7-hydroxy-MTX is a 200 fold less potent dihydrofolic
      acid reductase inhibitor compared with MTX decreased production of the metabolite
      may lead to enhanced clinical toxicity which may not be predictable monitoring
      MTX serum levels alone.

PMID- 3855852
TI  - Functional performance after tibial rotationplasty.
AB  - We measured muscle strength, joint motion, and gait parameters and determined the
      electromyographic activities of the ankle and knee during walking, running, and
      stair-climbing in two children who had had a tibial rotationplasty for
      osteosarcoma of the distal end of the femur. Both had marked loss of strength in
      the plantar flexors on the side of the prosthesis compared with the sound side,
      although electromyographic recordings showed that the rotated calf muscles, to a
      substantial degree, had assumed the function of extensors of the prosthetic knee.
      Despite some abnormalities in gait, both children walked at speeds that were
      comparable to those of normal children. They could also run, climb stairs by
      stepping up with both limbs, and participate in many recreational activities. The
      functional abilities of these children suggested that rotationplasty, in patients
      with a similar lesion, is a worth-while alternative to above-the-knee amputation.

PMID- 3855854
TI  - Modified Nance and lingual appliances for unilateral tooth movement.

PMID- 3855855
TI  - Anterior space prediction with a microcomputer.

PMID- 3855856
TI  - Apical root resorption during Begg treatment.

PMID- 3855857
TI  - You never have a second chance to make a good first impression.

PMID- 3855858
TI  - Crozat treatment.

PMID- 3855860
TI  - Long-term orthodontic liability problems.

PMID- 3855859
TI  - Hyperpropulsor activator.

PMID- 3855861
TI  - Bionators in Class II treatment.

PMID- 3855862
TI  - 4-4 Crozat retainer.

PMID- 3855863
TI  - Progressive practice management.

PMID- 3855864
TI  - New antiplaque agent for orthodontic patients.

PMID- 3855865
TI  - Estrogens and antiestrogens stimulate release of bone resorbing activity by
      cultured human breast cancer cells.
AB  - Patients with advanced breast cancer may develop acute, severe hypercalcemia when
      treated with estrogens or antiestrogens. In this study, we examined the effects
      of estrogens and related compounds on the release of bone resorbing activity by
      cultured human breast cancer cells in vitro. We found that the estrogen receptor
      positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7 releases bone resorbing activity in
      response to low concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol. Bone resorbing activity was
      also released in response to the antiestrogen nafoxidine. Other steroidal
      compounds had no effect on the release of bone resorbing activity. Estrogen
      stimulated release of bone resorbing activity occurred with live bone cultures,
      but not with devitalized bones, indicating that the effect was bone cell
      mediated. The breast cancer cell line MDA-231, which does not have estrogen
      receptors, did not release bone resorbing activity in response to 17 beta
      estradiol or nafoxidine. Release of the bone resorbing activity by MCF-7 cells
      incubated with 17 beta-estradiol was inhibited by indomethacin (10 microM) and
      flufenamic acid (50 microM), two structurally unrelated compounds that inhibit
      prostaglandin synthesis. Concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol and nafoxidine that
      caused increased release of bone resorbing activity by the breast cancer cells
      caused a four- to fivefold increase in release of prostaglandins of the E series
      by MCF-7 cells. These data may explain why some patients with advanced breast
      cancer develop acute hypercalcemia when treated with estrogens or antiestrogens,
      and why bone metastases are more common in patients with estrogen receptor
      positive tumors.

PMID- 3855866
TI  - Heterogeneity of clonogenic cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia.
AB  - The expression of differentiation-associated surface antigens by the clonogenic
      leukemic cells from 20 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) was
      studied with a panel of seven cytotoxic monoclonal antibodies (anti-Ia, -MY9, -PM
      81, -AML-2-23, -Mol, -Mo2, and -MY3). The surface antigen phenotypes of the
      clonogenic cells were compared with the phenotypes of the whole leukemic cell
      population, and with the phenotypes of normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. In
      each case the clonogenic leukemic cells were found within a distinct
      subpopulation that was less "differentiated" than the total cell population.
      Clonogenic leukemic cells from different patients could be divided into three
      phenotype groups. In the first group (7 of 20 cases), the clonogenic cells
      expressed surface antigens characteristic of the normal multipotent colony
      forming cell (Ia, MY9). These cases tended to have "undifferentiated" (FAB M1)
      morphology, and the total cell population generally lacked expression of "late"
      monocyte antigens such as MY3 and Mo2. A second group (seven cases) of clonogenic
      cells expressed surface antigens characteristic of an "early" (day 14) colony
      forming unit granulocyte-monocyte (CFU-GM), and a third group (six cases) was
      characteristic of a "late" (day 7) CFU-GM. The cases in these latter two groups
      tended to have myelomonocytic (FAB M4) morphology and to express monocyte surface
      antigens. These results suggest that the clonogenic cells are a distinct
      subpopulation in all cases of AML, and may be derived from normal hematopoietic
      progenitor cells at multiple points in the differentiation pathway. The results
      further support the possibility that selected monoclonal antibodies have the
      potential to purge leukemic clonogenic cells from bone marrow in some AML
      patients without eliminating critical normal progenitor cells.

PMID- 3855868
TI  - Oral hygiene instruction in general dental practice by means of self-teaching
      manuals.
AB  - The present study evaluates the applicability of delivering oral hygiene
      instruction to patients in general dental practice by means of self-educational
      programs. Patients (55) seeking dental treatment in 3 general dental practices in
      Denmark were divided at random into a conventional professional instruction group
      (C) in which each individual received personal instruction by the dentist and a
      self-instruction group (S), in which the patients were given self-educational
      programs. In order to evaluate the effect of the 2 types of instruction, the
      presence or absence of dento-gingival plaque and gingival bleeding by probing was
      recorded prior to the instruction and after 3 and 6 months. The patient of the
      self-instruction group (S) answered a questionnaire about the treatment 1 week
      after they had received the self-instruction program. An identical improvement in
      oral hygiene and gingival health was recorded in both treatment groups after 3
      and 6 months. This finding indicates, that the self-educational programs were as
      effective in changing the oral hygiene habits of the patients as was personal
      oral hygiene instruction by dental personnel. The answers of the patients to the
      post-treatment questionnaire reflected a favorable attitude towards the use of
      self-educational programs.

PMID- 3855867
TI  - Refractory anaemia terminating in a combined lymphoproliferative and
      myeloproliferative disorder.
AB  - We report a case of non-sideroblastic refractory anaemia which evolved to a
      double lymphomyeloproliferative disorder. At presentation, bone marrow
      appearances and peripheral blood pancytopenia without myelomonocytosis were
      consistent with a diagnosis of non-sideroblastic refractory anaemia.
      Subsequently, the patient developed pronounced myelomonocytosis and lymphocytosis
      with prolymphocytes. Light and transmission electron microscopy as well as
      surface marker studies were compatible with a diagnosis of prolymphocytic
      transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/prolymphocytic leukaemia
      associated with myelomonocytic leukaemia. The pathogenesis of such double lympho
      myeloproliferative disorders is discussed in the light of the evidence for common
      lymphoid and myeloid progenitor cells and some recent advances in the immunology
      of the myelodysplastic syndromes.

PMID- 3855869
TI  - Effects of cigarette smoking on the rate of plaque formation.
AB  - In 2 separate studies, plaque was harvested (i) from 15 smokers and 15 non
      smokers after a 48-h period without oral hygiene, and (ii) from 15 smokers and 12
      non-smokers after a 48 h hygiene-free period following complete plaque removal by
      toothbrushing. No significant association emerged between wet weight of
      accumulated plaque and cigarette smoking, in either study. In the second study,
      the mean plaque calcium concentration was raised in smokers compared with non
      smokers, and significantly raised in 7 heavy smokers relative to non-smokers. In
      both instances, calcium concentration was significantly raised relative to
      (total) phosphorus concentration, which may indicate that the additional calcium
      was not in mineral deposits. These results may reflect an association between
      calcium concentration of plaque and tobacco consumption.

PMID- 3855870
TI  - Periodontal conditions, remaining teeth and oral hygiene habits in a group of
      Vietnamese refugees in Norway.
AB  - Since 1975, about 3500 Vietnamese refugees have come to Norway. The purpose of
      the present study was to report on remaining teeth and periodontal conditions in
      a population of 200 adolescent and adult Vietnamese refugees. The mean number of
      remaining teeth ranged from 27.8 in the youngest age group to 24.6 in the oldest.
      This number of teeth is slightly lower than reported from Norwegian populations,
      but similar to other Asian populations. Almost all index teeth showed dental
      plaque, and subgingival calculus was observed in 9 of 10 teeth after the age of
      20. Gingival bleeding was seen on all index sites of 26.5% of the subjects and
      all subjects above the age of 40 had gingivitis adjacent to one or more index
      teeth. There was a progression of probeable pocket depths with increasing age. In
      the oldest age group, 72.7% had pockets between 3.5 mm and 5.5 mm. The data
      indicated that if optimal conditions should be obtained, substantial resources
      would be required. In populations with limited resources and with relatively few
      subjects with severe periodontal breakdown, it is suggested that an
      identification of subjects "at risk" to be dentally handicapped through loss of
      teeth, should be a priority.

PMID- 3855871
TI  - New attachment formation on teeth with a reduced but healthy periodontal
      ligament.
AB  - The present investigation was undertaken to examine whether a new connective
      tissue attachment will form on previously periodontitis-involved roots when
      reduced but healthy periodontal ligament tissue persists following periodontal
      treatment and the epithelium is prevented from migrating into the wound. In each
      of 4 monkeys, periodontal tissue breakdown was induced around one maxillary and
      one mandibular second premolar or first molar by placing orthodontic elastics
      around the teeth. The elastics were kept in situ until about 50% of the
      supporting tissues had been lost. 3 months following removal of the elastics, the
      crowns of the teeth were resected. The pocket epithelium and subjacent
      granulation tissue were excised and the cementum of the periodontitis-involved
      part of the roots was removed using a diamond bur. The roots were covered with a
      mucosal flap. The animals were sacrificed after 3 months of healing. The jaws
      were removed and histological sections of the experimental roots including their
      surrounding periodontal tissues were produced. The microscopic analysis disclosed
      that in all roots, new cementum with inserting collagen fibers had formed in the
      apical portion of the previously exposed root surfaces. It was always in
      continuity with the original cementum layer apical to the instrumental part of
      the root and was thickest in its apical portion, becoming gradually thinner in
      the coronal direction. In the roots, which for the entire length of the study
      remained covered by the oral mucosa, the extension in the coronal direction of
      this newly formed fibrous attachment amounted to an average of 1.0 mm with a
      range from 0.1 mm to 2.6 mm. These findings were interpreted to mean that new
      attachment is formed by coronal migration of cells originating from the
      periodontal ligament.

PMID- 3855873
TI  - A direct technique with a double lateral bridging flap for coverage of denuded
      root surface and gingiva extension. Clinical evaluation after 2 years.
AB  - We are introducing a new surgical technique which enables us to cover gingival
      recessions and extend the gingiva with a one-step procedure. This method can be
      described generally as a combination of a coronally repositioned flap and a
      modified vestibulum plastic. So far this method has been applied to 55 teeth of
      19 different patients. The results have been observed for 2 years. After this
      time, 54.4% (30 teeth) still had complete coverage of the previously denuded root
      surfaces. The results show that it is possible to cover gingival recessions
      without increasing the zone of keratinized gingiva.

PMID- 3855872
TI  - Experimental gingivitis in relation to susceptibility to periodontal disease.
      (I.) Clinical observations.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate the rate of development of
      experimentally-induced gingival inflammation in relation to the susceptibility to
      periodontal disease. By selection according to age, a younger (25-39 years) and
      an older (45-54 years) age group, with a comparable reduced but healthy
      periodontium, was selected. This equal amount of periodontal breakdown may
      suggest that the younger age group represented individuals with a relatively
      higher degree of susceptibility to periodontal disease. At the start of the
      experiment, each patient was instructed to abstain from oral hygiene procedures
      in 1 quadrant of the mouth for a period of 18 days. Results showed that all
      subjects developed signs of gingival inflammation. Regarding the development of
      redness and swelling, no differences could be assessed between the 2 age groups.
      However, analysis of the bleeding scores revealed that bleeding on probing
      developed more rapidly in the younger age group. It was concluded that those
      patients who have suffered from a more rapid form of periodontal disease also
      develop inflammation, in terms of bleeding on probing, more rapidly.

PMID- 3855874
TI  - The composition of the subgingival microflora of young adults suffering from
      juvenile periodontitis.
AB  - The composition of subgingival plaque, from healthy and periodontally diseased
      regions, as well as the clinical periodontal condition of 6 patients, 17 to 24
      years-old suffering from juvenile periodontitis were examined. 6 older patients
      with rapidly progressive periodontitis served as a control. Samples of
      subgingival plaque were taken from first molars and central incisors and were
      analysed morphologically by dark-field microscopy. In the control group in
      healthy regions the ratio between non-motile and motile bacteria was 27:1 and
      about 1:1 in deep pockets. In the juvenile periodontitis group in diseased
      regions, motile bacteria made up only 1/4 of the bacteria present. The results
      clearly show that our relatively old patients with juvenile periodontitis had a
      completely different microflora in their periodontally diseased regions than
      patients with common periodontitis. As regards our observations by dark-field
      microscopy, one can assume, however, that with increasing age, there might be a
      shift of the flora associated with juvenile periodontitis lesions from a rather
      simple composition to a more complex composition very similar to the flora seen
      in rapidly progressive adult periodontitis lesions.

PMID- 3855875
TI  - Effect of periodontal therapy on spontaneous lymphocyte response and neutrophil
      chemotaxis in localized and generalized juvenile periodontitis patients.
AB  - The etiology and pathogenesis of juvenile periodontitis may involve dysfunctions
      of the host response. In particular, the neutrophil and the lymphocyte have been
      implicated in the disease. The purpose of the present study was to examine the in
      vitro spontaneous lymphocyte response and neutrophil chemotaxis in populations of
      localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) and generalized juvenile periodontitis
      (GJP) patients and age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (HS). These laboratory
      values were also evaluated immediately following and 1 year after periodontal
      therapy. The results show that spontaneous lymphocyte responses reflecting the
      autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) are depressed for GJP patients. The
      decreased AMLR in the GJP group appears to represent an abnormal T-cell function
      which may reflect activity of the periodontal lesion. LJP patients have an
      increased AMLR response, although it was not statistically significant. 1 year
      following active periodontal therapy, spontaneous lymphocyte responsiveness
      returned to normal in most GJP patients. The increased spontaneous lymphocyte
      responsiveness of LJP patients was not changed either immediately following
      active periodontal therapy or 1 year later. LJP and GJP patients exhibited a
      neutrophil chemotaxis defect when compared to cells from HS. This neutrophil
      defect was still observed 1 year following active therapy.

PMID- 3855876
TI  - Gingival inflammatory reaction in children at different ages.
AB  - Earlier studies have demonstrated that, with similar levels of plaque
      accumulation, the tendency to develop gingivitis is lower in pre-school children
      than in young adults. No studies are available in which the gingival reaction in
      older children and adults to a given amount of plaque has been compared. The aim
      of the present study was to compare the gingival reaction to dental plaque in
      children of different ages and in adults. 3 groups of children (4-6, 7-9 and 14
      16 years of age) and 1 group of adults (20-22 years of age) were studied. The
      degree of gingivitis was determined using the gingival index and the amount of
      dental plaque was assessed in terms of the plaque index. The results showed that
      with a given plaque score, the % of high gingivitis scores was less in the 4-6
      year-old children than in the older children and adults. At all levels of plaque
      accumulation, the highest degree of gingival inflammation was noted in the 14-16
      year-old children and in the adults. The results indicate that the gingival
      reactivity increases gradually from early childhood to adult age.

PMID- 3855877
TI  - The mercury-multiple sclerosis connection.

PMID- 3855878
TI  - Study of ascorbate status in murine and human leukaemias.
AB  - Since mice can synthesize ascorbic acid but man cannot, the ascorbate status in
      murine and human leukaemia was compared. The decline in plasma ascorbate
      concentration in both cases indicates that vitamin C deficiency occurs in
      malignancy. Analysis of tissue ascorbate values in mice also indicated that an
      enhanced rate of utilization of this vitamin occurs during malignancy, as does an
      increased rate of excretion, and both events may be responsible for vitamin C
      deficiency. The hepatic ascorbate values suggest an endeavour by the animals to
      compensate for the loss through increased synthesis and storage of the vitamin,
      at least in the early stages of the disease.

PMID- 3855879
TI  - Premature sebaceous gland hyperplasia: successful treatment with isotretinoin.
AB  - Hyperplasia of sebaceous glands is a common cause of papulonodular facial lesions
      that occur in middle-aged and older patients. Recently, several cases of
      premature sebaceous gland hyperplasia have been reported. In these patients the
      lesions had persisted despite vigorous attempts at therapy. We present a case of
      premature sebaceous gland hyperplasia that was successfully treated with
      isotretinoin.

PMID- 3855880
TI  - Primary cutaneous aspergillosis in six leukemic children.
AB  - We report a cluster of primary cutaneous aspergillosis in six children with
      hematologic malignancy. When first seen, they had hemorrhagic bullae caused by
      Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus niger at the sites of
      insertion of intravenous cannulas or where arm boards had been taped to the
      extremities. Rapid diagnosis of cutaneous aspergillosis was made by direct
      examination of the blister roof with potassium hydroxide before it progressed to
      a necrotic ulcer. Intravenous amphotericin was instituted promptly in five of six
      patients, and none died of disseminated aspergillosis. Epidemiologic
      investigation tracked the source of aspergillus to a storeroom with a false
      ceiling that had recently been repaired for a water leak.

PMID- 3855881
TI  - Analysis of dental hard tissue by computerized microdensitometry.
AB  - One method of quantitating mineral content in thin sections of dental hard tissue
      is microdensitometry of contact radiographs. This method is often applied to
      analysis of artificial caries lesions. Because there is great inter- and intra
      tooth variability, a single microdensitometric scan will not accurately reflect
      the content or distribution of mineral within an individual lesion, or within a
      group of lesions. To increase the number of replicates than can be handled
      routinely, a computer-driven microdensitometer has been used with a step series
      of aluminum and enamel to quantitate mineral content values at approximately 1
      micron intervals. Accurate assessment of an individual lesion was made possible
      by averaging multiple scans of the lesion on each of several thin sections
      prepared from the lesion. Mean mineral profiles of treatment groups were then
      made from the profiles of the individual lesion. These data reduction techniques
      allowed for a large number of replicates to be used in the measurement of
      remineralization. The computerized microdensitometric system described here was
      developed to allow for an objective, quantitative analysis of the mineral content
      of dental hard tissue.

PMID- 3855882
TI  - Caries prevalence in Turner's syndrome (45,X females).
AB  - Dental caries prevelance in permanent teeth (DFS) was studied in 50 patients with
      Turner's syndrome (45,X females) and 41 normal first-degree female relatives.
      Caries prevalence was lower in 45,X women than in controls, and this difference
      was more pronounced in the incisor region than in pre-molar and molar teeth.

PMID- 3855883
TI  - Malocclusion, masticatory muscle, and temporomandibular joint tenderness.
AB  - The Angle classification of occlusion, as well as occlusal contacts determined at
      retrusion, mediotrusion, laterotrusion, and protrusion were recorded from 298
      dental students. Various masticatory muscles and the TM joints were palpated
      simultaneously for tenderness. No significant relationships were observed between
      (1) tenderness and Angle class or (2) tenderness and any occlusal contact. In
      relation to a slide between retruded contact position and intercuspal position:
      measurements for (a) vertical and (b) horizontal displacements, but not (c)
      lateral deflection, were greater in Class I students without tenderness than in
      Class I students with tenderness.

PMID- 3855884
TI  - A technique for characterizing casting behavior of dental alloys.
AB  - A technique for characterizing casting behavior of dental alloys has been
      developed and tested. The method employs easily reproducible specimen patterns
      and uses equipment and procedures generally available in dental prosthetic
      laboratories. A castability value is arrived at by counting complete segments of
      a cast alloy grid. Test results indicate that the castability evaluation
      procedure described can be a valuable aid in the laboratory for both selecting
      and using dental materials for producing cast restorations. The test method would
      also appear useful for the evaluation of products and techniques during research
      and development. An absolute minimum for the castability value determined
      relative to clinical and laboratory efficacy has yet to be established.

PMID- 3855885
TI  - Tarnishing in vivo and in vitro of a low-gold alloy related to its structure.
AB  - Studies on tarnishing of a low-gold alloy, both as-cast and solid-solution
      annealed, have been carried out in vivo and compared with that of a type III gold
      alloy. Small polished samples were partly embedded in complete dentures for nine
      months. Generally, the low-gold alloy in the as-cast state was found to be more
      prone to tarnishing than were the other two materials, followed by the same
      alloy, solid-solution-annealed. These results are in agreement with both previous
      and present in vitro studies using 2% solutions of Na2S. The tarnish attacks
      followed the pattern of Cu segregations in vitro, and frequently also in vivo.
      Previous findings in vitro, on the other hand, show that tarnishing occurs
      predominantly on Ag-rich phases. The link is to be sought in the structural
      details. In the Cu-rich regions along grain boundaries and in interdendritic
      positions, eutectic particles with thin lamellae (approximately equal to 0.05
      micron) of alternating Ag and Cu enrichments occurred. In these areas, we found a
      more unstable matrix with increased tendency to splitting into similar, but even
      thinner, lamellae. Most likely, these lamellae of alternating compositions act as
      galvanic cells. The cathodic reduction of oxygen probably takes place mainly on
      the Cu-rich lamellae, which are Au-enriched on the surface due to initial
      selective dissolution of Cu. With increasing time, attacks up to several micron
      in depth comprising both kinds of lamellae tend to occur at the grain boundary
      regions in an in vivo test, probably by a fretting corrosion mechanism.

PMID- 3855886
TI  - Enhanced fluoride uptake from mouthrinses.
AB  - It has been shown in laboratory and animal studies that tooth enamel becomes
      considerably more reactive toward low levels of fluoride after receiving pre
      treatment which forms dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) in the enamel as an
      intermediate. This in vitro study was undertaken to determine the effect on human
      enamel fluoride uptake of incorporating DCPD-forming rinses into a conventional
      fluoride rinsing program. In one group, enamel samples received a one-minute
      rinse with 0.2% NaF each day for 20 days. Samples in the second group were
      treated identically, except that they were also given a one-minute DCPD-forming
      rinse prior to the first, sixth, eleventh, and sixteenth fluoride rinses. At the
      end of the rinsing program, all samples were washed in 1 M KOH to remove labile
      fluorides. The enamel biopsy data showed that the fluoride uptake resulting from
      0.2% NaF alone was not statistically significant, whereas uptake produced by the
      DCPD-forming plus NaF rinses was significant. The results suggest that the DCPD
      forming rinse may improve the efficacy of fluoride rinse programs.

PMID- 3855887
TI  - Effect of environmental conditions on the fluoride sensitivity of acid production
      by S. sanguis NCTC 7865.
AB  - Growth and environmental conditions affected the fluoride (F) sensitivity of acid
      production by Streptococcus sanguis NCTC 7865. Cells grown glucose-limited in a
      chemostat were generally more sensitive than those harvested from cultures in
      which there was an excess of glucose (amino acid-limited). There was no
      consistent relationship between the growth rate of cells and their F sensitivity.
      Slower-growing cells (mean generation time = 14 hr) were more sensitive than
      those growing quickly when glucose was the limiting nutrient, whereas the faster
      growing cells from the glucose-excess culture were most susceptible. The pH of
      the environment markedly affected the F sensitivity of cells: 2 mM F- was
      sufficient to abolish acid production by cells incubated at pH 5.0, whereas 24 mM
      F- did not totally inhibit glycolysis at pH 7.0 or 8.0. Regardless of pH and
      growth conditions, the cationic composition of the environment had the most
      pronounced effect on acid production and fluoride sensitivity. Cells washed and
      re-suspended in KCl were more acidogenic and more sensitive to F than the same
      cells treated with saline. At pH 7.0 and 8.0, saline-washed cells were
      comparatively unaffected by F, while glycolysis by the same cells at the same pH
      but washed in KCl could be inhibited by up to 80%. These results suggested that F
      inhibition could not be explained merely on the basis of HF uptake at low pH
      values. Since it has been shown previously that the activity of the energized
      membrane is maintained by K+ and dissipated in the presence of Na+, it was
      proposed that proton motive force (pmf) might be involved in the uptake of F-.

PMID- 3855888
TI  - Effect of NaF and pH on the growth and glycolytic rate of recently isolated
      strains of oral Lactobacillus species.
AB  - Twenty-eight fresh and seven type strains of Lactobacillus species were tested
      for their ability to grow and metabolize glucose in the presence of fluoride.
      While there was variation between the test organisms, freshly isolated strains
      were generally more fluoride-tolerant than were the type strains, and a group of
      seven strains would grow well at pH 4.5 with 5.3 mm NaF. Glucose metabolism by
      representative strains of this latter group required average fluoride
      concentrations of 204, 64, and 9.3 mM to inhibit glycolysis completely at pH 7.0,
      6.0, and 5.0, respectively. These values are ten times higher than those required
      to inhibit glucose metabolism by Streptococcus mutans.

PMID- 3855889
TI  - The effects of different concentrations of sucrose, fructose, and glucose on pH
      changes by Streptococcus mitior in an artificial mouth.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the initial sucrose (S)
      concentration, as well as those of fructose (F), glucose (G), and invert sugar
      (F/G), on the pH developed by a layer of S. mitior, to represent dental plaque,
      in an artificial mouth which simulates the process of oral sugar clearance. At S,
      F. G, and F/G concentrations of 2% and with normal oral sugar clearance rates,
      the bacteria produced a smaller pH fall from S than from the other sugars; at
      initial concentrations of 20%, however, the differences were not significant.
      With constant S concentrations of 0.5-35%, the minimum pH reached was 4.03 +/-
      0.14 (S.D.); with S concentrations of 50% and above, slightly but significantly
      higher values (4.41 +/- 0.34) occurred. However, with normal sugar clearance, the
      pH fall was much less than with a constant concentration and was dependent on the
      S concentration over the range of 0-10%, but was independent at higher
      concentrations. Exposure of the bacteria to S for as short a period as two min
      during normal sugar clearance gave a nearly maximum pH fall. This suggests that
      rinsing the mouth with water more than two min after consumption of sucrose in
      liquid form will have very little effect in reducing the pH fall in dental
      plaque. A more appropriate method for reducing acid formation by dental plaque
      would be consumption of a salivary stimulant which would increase the flow rate
      and buffer capacity of the saliva.

PMID- 3855890
TI  - Sugar clearance from saliva and intra-oral spaces.
AB  - The clearance of glucose from saliva was compared with that from spaces located
      in an intra-oral appliance. The spaces (N = 8) were similar in shape and size to
      posterior interdental spaces and could be sampled with a microsyringe without
      removing the appliance from the mouth. The subjects (N = 5) rinsed their mouths
      with solutions of 5, 10, or 25% glucose. Samples were obtained from a pair of
      spaces and from saliva at standard intervals and were analyzed for glucose. The
      rate of glucose clearance was consistently slower from the spaces than from bulk
      saliva, as shown by higher concentrations and longer clearance times for the
      spaces. The clearance curves were similar in shape and were rectilinear when the
      logarithms of the concentrations were plotted against time. The rate of clearance
      from the spaces appears to be characteristic for an individual, as was also true
      of salivary clearance.

PMID- 3855891
TI  - Remineralization of softened bovine enamel following treatment of overlying
      plaque with a mineral-enriching solution.
AB  - Pre-softened, gauze-covered bovine enamel blocks were worn in the buccal sulcus
      of five subjects for seven days. Artificial plaque enmeshed in the gauze was
      treated four times per day for four days with an enzyme-dependent mineralizing
      solution, resulting in 20-, 10-, and 200-fold increases in Ca, P, and F,
      respectively. Enamel beneath this mineral-enriched plaque recovered 37% of the
      hardness lost from pre-softening, while control enamel beneath untreated plaque
      recovered only 14%. Test enamel contained from five to 13 times as much F as did
      control enamel in the outer four layers sampled. Even though direct use of the
      mineralizing solution without the interposition of plaque caused a hardness
      recovery and F uptake similar to those in test enamel in vivo, a direct solution
      effect on enamel is not thought to explain the in vivo effects. Plaque treated
      with the urea-containing solution rapidly reaches a pH greater than 8, when a
      precipitate develops, leaving much-reduced ion concentrations in solution. Direct
      exposure of softened enamel to such a supernatant resulted in reduced hardness
      recovery and F uptake. It is concluded that the in vivo enamel remineralization
      was due mainly to the presence of a mineral phase in the overlying plaque. This
      mineral could have promoted remineralization by creating mildly supersaturated
      conditions during normal plaque pH cycles.

PMID- 3855892
TI  - Polyamines of dental plaque in caries-resistant vs. caries-susceptible adults.
AB  - Utilizing a sensitive liquid chromatographic system, polyamines were quantitated
      in three-day plaque from 13 caries-resistant (CR) and 35 caries-susceptible (CS)
      adults after they had fasted for 12 hours. The values for putrescine and
      cadaverine were significantly higher in the CR group. This may be attributed to a
      greater availability of salivary substrate precursors of polyamines and/or higher
      levels of biosynthetic decarboxylase activities in the CR subjects, or both.

PMID- 3855893
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of chronic fluoride ingestion in growing pigs.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to estimate bio-availability and biological half
      life of fluoride and accumulation of fluoride in bone in the domestic pig. Eight
      animals receiving 2 mg F-/kg b.w. per day from age 8 to 14 months were compared
      with eight controls. Plasma fluoride concentrations just prior to the daily oral
      dose were measured at regular intervals. After 112 days post-dose, plasma
      fluoride levels were measured over a 48-hour period following the daily oral dose
      or a single intravenous dose. Mean bio-availability factor for the oral dose was
      0.3 (range 0.2-0.4), and mean biological half-life was 59 days (range 49-72).
      Bone fluoride content calculated from the pharmacokinetic parameters derived from
      plasma data was similar to the content of fluoride measured in the bone at
      slaughter. The study showed that accumulation of fluoride in bone influences
      plasma fluoride levels during chronic administration of fluoride to growing pigs.
      The long biological half-life found showed that it was not possible to achieve
      steady-state plasma levels within the six-month experimental period used. This
      means that, for dose-response studies of dental fluorosis in this animal, it is
      not possible to achieve steady-state plasma concentrations as a basis for
      correlations to the degrees of pathological change observed in the teeth.

PMID- 3855894
TI  - Effects of a Fusobacterium nucleatum extract on immunoregulation in mice.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an extract of
      Fusobacterium nucleatum on humoral and cell-mediated immunity and phagocyte
      functions in mice. The extract was obtained from the heat-inactivated supernatant
      of sonicated F. nucleatum. Mouse splenocytes were cultured with sheep red blood
      cells (SRBC), and antibody formation was assayed by counting the plaque-forming
      cells (PFC). After C3H mouse skin was grafted onto the BALB/c mouse, cytotoxicity
      of BALB/c mouse splenocytes to L-cells was enumerated, T- and B-cell
      blastogenesis was determined by the uptake of 3H-thymidine. In vivo phagocyte
      functions were measured using carbon clearance test, bactericidal, and acid
      phosphatase activity assays. The number of SRBC-specific and non-specific PFC in
      splenocytes stimulated with the extract increased 2.5-8.7-fold over that of
      unstimulated splenocytes. Cytotoxicity of splenocytes from the extract-injected
      mice decreased in a dose-dependent fashion at 12 days after grafting. T-cell
      mitogenicity of the extract was observed. The carbon clearance rate was reduced,
      and bactericidal and acid phosphatase activities were elevated by the extract
      injection of the mice. In conclusion, F. nucleatum extract has an adjuvant effect
      on humoral immunity, and a suppressive effect on cell-mediated immunity and
      activated phagocyte functions.

PMID- 3855895
TI  - Dissolution studies of human enamel treated with aluminum solutions.
AB  - Dissolution tests using human enamel were conducted after treatment with aqueous
      solutions of various aluminum (Al) salts. All Al compounds, except those which
      formed stable Al-complexes, greatly decreased enamel dissolution in a pH 4
      acetate buffer. A comparison with fluoride compounds demonstrated that Al was
      equivalent to SnF2 and more effective than NaF and Na2PO3F. Furthermore, the
      reduction in enamel dissolution produced by Al persisted after more than three hr
      of successive demineralization, which was twice as long as that observed with a
      pH 4.5 SnF2 solution.

PMID- 3855896
TI  - Intercuspal distances of maxillary pre-molar teeth in Australian Aboriginals.
AB  - Intercuspal distances and mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters of
      maxillary pre-molars were recorded from dental casts of 262 Australian
      Aboriginals. Although mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions showed sexual
      dimorphism, no significant differences were noted between the sexes for
      intercuspal distances. Intercuspal dimensions showed greater variability and
      fluctuating asymmetry than did either of the traditional measures. No significant
      differences in heritability were noted among the three dimensions. Correlations
      between mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions were higher than those between
      buccolingual and intercuspal measures. It appears that the sex differences, which
      are observed in overall crown dimensions, are established after the cusp tips are
      localized. Intercuspal distances appear to have a strong genetic component of
      variability, although they show high phenotypic variability and fluctuating
      asymmetry. Total tooth size may be subject to more intense selective pressures
      than the sites of initial calcification.

PMID- 3855897
TI  - Immediate and delayed effects of an enzyme-dependent mineralizing mouthrinse on
      dental plaque.
AB  - Twenty-two children aged 13 to 14 years rinsed for 3 X 1 min periods with a
      supersaturated calcium phosphate solution containing urea and
      monofluorophosphate. Plaque sampled one min after the last rinse showed a marked
      increase in water-extractable F and a smaller increase in Ca but no increase in
      water-extractable P. Water-insoluble forms of all three ions were elevated,
      however. The mean plaque pH was 8.28. Plaque sampled 24 hr after the last rinse
      showed significant increases in water-insoluble F and Ca only, and no increase in
      pH. The prompt pH rise and disappearance of water-soluble P suggest that, on
      exposure to the mineralizing solution, urea and monofluorophosphate are rapidly
      hydrolyzed by plaque enzymes to provide catabolites which cause the immediate
      precipitation of fluoridated calcium phosphate.

PMID- 3855898
TI  - Systematic assessment of color removal following vital bleaching of intrinsically
      stained teeth.
AB  - Various treatment variables associated with a standard bleaching technique were
      systematically recorded in 53 individuals exhibiting intrinsic discoloration of
      permanent teeth. These variables (predictors) included: (1) etiology (fluoride or
      tetracycline); (2) age of the patient; (3) the presented color of the stain; (4)
      the intensity of that color; (5) a long versus short bleaching time technique;
      and (6) the number of bleaching sessions. These were assessed as to their
      relationship with the results of treatment (dependent variable). The findings of
      a multiple regression analysis revealed that the contributions of the individual
      predictors were significantly different between those stains caused by
      tetracycline ingestion (N = 27) and those stains due to fluoride ingestion (N =
      20). The analysis also revealed that those variables contributing to a
      significant proportion of the variance in results of treatment when tetracycline
      was the cause were: (1) the color of the stain and (2) the number of bleaching
      sessions. When fluoride was apparently the causal agent: (1) the bleaching time
      technique; (2) age of the patient; (3) color of the stain; and (4) the number of
      bleaching sessions contributed to a significant proportion of the variance in the
      results of treatment.

PMID- 3855899
TI  - Dental caries and tetracycline-stained dentition in an American Indian
      population.
AB  - Complaints of enamel defects in American Indian children residing on the St.
      Regis reservation in New York State prompted an epidemiological study. The
      results of that study, reported earlier (Rebich et al., 1983), indicated that
      over one-fifth of the American Indian children had discoloration of the dentition
      due to ingestion of tetracycline during the years of tooth formation. These data
      also provided an ideal opportunity to examine the link between tetracycline
      staining and caries which has been postulated by previous authors. American
      Indian children, ages 7-18, were found to have a higher caries experience than
      other children and a lower rate of dental service utilization, as evidenced by
      the filled component of the DMFS index (FS/DMFS). Within the American Indian
      population, however, no indication was found of any association between
      tetracycline staining and dental caries.

PMID- 3855902
TI  - Abstracts of papers. 63rd general session, International Association for Dental
      Research. Annual session, American Association for Dental Research. March 21-24,
      1985, Las Vegas, Nevada.

PMID- 3855901
TI  - Creep-fatigue as a possible cause of dental amalgam margin failure.
AB  - Fracture of the margins is the most common cause of failure of dental amalgam
      restorations. Both corrosion and creep have been identified as possible
      contributors to this type of failure. The stresses that induce creep may arise
      from the continued setting expansion of the amalgam, the formation of corrosion
      products, mastication, or from the thermal expansion of the amalgam during
      ingestion of hot foods. The latter two are low-frequency cyclic stresses. The
      amalgams used in dentistry have fusion temperatures only about 40 degrees C above
      mouth temperature, and they experience grain boundary sliding during creep
      deformation. Since grain boundary sliding, low-frequency cyclic stresses, and a
      temperature near the fusion temperature of the alloy are prerequisites for so
      called "creep-fatigue fracture", this type of fracture may contribute to amalgam
      margin failure. Amalgam made from seven different alloys was condensed into
      stainless steel dies. After being allowed to set for seven days, the specimens
      were thermally cycled between 4 degrees C and 50 degrees C for 500 and 1000
      cycles. Amalgam margin integrity was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy
      both before and after each cycling period. The amount of margin fracture was
      calculated after 1000 cycles. Thermal cycling of amalgam restorations placed in
      stainless steel dies resulted in predominantly intergranular fracturing of the
      amalgam margins, indicating that creep-fatigue failure may be a significant
      contributor to in vivo margin fracturing.

PMID- 3855903
TI  - Baccalaureate dental hygiene education: creating a reality.

PMID- 3855900
TI  - Some physico-chemical properties of deciduous enamel of children with and without
      pre-natal fluoride supplementation (PNF).
AB  - Physico-chemical investigations of enamel from deciduous teeth of a small number
      of children with and without pre-natal fluoride supplementation (PNF) exhibited
      the following differences between the PNF and non-PNF enamel, with the former
      showing: (a) more homogeneous and less extensive patterns of acid-etching; (b)
      denser crystal populations in intra-prismatic regions; (c) larger prism
      dimensions; (d) greater total mineral density (wt%ash); (e) higher degree of
      crystallinity; (f) smaller a-axis dimensions; and (g) more fluoride and less
      carbonate contents. On the basis of these preliminary findings, further studies
      with larger numbers of samples would seem appropriate.

PMID- 3855904
TI  - A profile of organizational characteristics of colleges of dentistry.
AB  - This study investigated the organizational characteristics of colleges of
      dentistry as perceived by their deans, associate deans, and department chairs.
      Likert's Profile of Organizational Characteristics is used to describe the
      administrative structures of the colleges on a continuum from
      exploitive/authoritative through benevolent/authoritative and consultative to
      participatory. In addition, administrators were asked to evaluate their colleges'
      effectiveness in adapting to an environment of change. The results indicate a
      relatively low level of participation in administration in contrast to a high
      desire for participation, and that administrators believe their colleges are only
      marginally effective in adapting to change.

PMID- 3855905
TI  - Use and application of structural models in dental education research.
AB  - The notion of prediction implies causation. Path and structural models explore
      the causal links rather than mere empirical relationships between variables. This
      technique involves a breakdown of correlations; it differs from correlation and
      regression methods in that it provides relevant information in the presence of
      important but unobserved (latent) explanatory variables and of measurement errors
      in the data. It also allows for more than one regression analysis simultaneously
      and affords inference through tests of the model. In this study, latent abilities
      of dental students were analyzed as causes and professional achievements as
      effects, with preadmission performances as indicators of latent abilities. A
      model with three constructs is consistent with the observed data. The results
      demonstrate that whereas correlation analysis presents limitations in
      interpretation, structural analysis focuses clearly on the direct impact of the
      quality of dental school education, rather than preadmission background, on
      clinical performance and board success as measures of future professional
      performance.

PMID- 3855906
TI  - Description of a faculty-student group practice.
AB  - Dental schools are facing budgetary constraints, decreasing clinic patient
      populations, and increasing competition. At the same time, there is a need to
      provide students a realistic educational environment. The Dental Practice Systems
      (DPS) Program is a partially self-supported student-faculty group practice
      designed to address these issues. All individuals appearing for care are accepted
      into the program. Services are delivered by vertical teams of faculty preceptors,
      in-house specialty consultants, dental and dental hygiene students, and
      appropriate auxiliaries. All third- and fourth-year students rotate through the
      program providing clinical services. In addition, fourth-year students are
      assigned specific managerial responsibilities. The DPS Program maximizes the use
      of auxiliaries and students, allowing each to function as autonomously as is
      consistent with good patient care.

PMID- 3855907
TI  - Student perception of faculty role models.
AB  - Few studies have been conducted on the effect of faculty role models on dental
      students. Questionnaires were developed to compare faculty self-perceptions with
      dental students' perceptions of the role they desired to achieve. Results
      indicated a minimal relationship between the self-perceptions of faculty and the
      students' identification of their desired future role in the dental profession.
      Furthermore, faculty were not perceived by students as being the most influential
      in molding their feelings about the practice of dentistry.

PMID- 3855908
TI  - Effects of reducing senior clinical requirements.
AB  - This study investigated the effects of reducing dental clinical requirements.
      Twenty-seven senior students participated in a modified system in which
      requirements were reduced to essential experiences, points were awarded for all
      procedures completed, and a total point requirement was created to ensure
      comprehensive care. The remaining seniors (N = 97), who operated under the
      conventional requirement system, served as controls. No significant differences
      were found between the groups in daily clinic grades, comprehensive examination
      performance, final senior-year grade point average, or number of procedures
      completed. A year-end questionnaire on stress and anxiety indicated that the
      experimental group perceived less stress and anxiety, were significantly more
      positive about their performance evaluations, and perceived significantly less
      pressure to complete procedures.

PMID- 3855909
TI  - Medical emergency education in American dental schools.

PMID- 3855910
TI  - Team building: implications for dental practice.

PMID- 3855911
TI  - The dental implications of xerostomia. A review of the literature.

PMID- 3855912
TI  - Visible light-cured composites and activating units. Council on Dental Materials,
      Instruments, and Equipment.
AB  - In summary, visible light-activated composites offer better regulation of working
      time. Their composition differs from chemically activated composites only in the
      initiators and activators. The physical and mechanical properties of adequately
      polymerized photoactivated composites are similar to chemically activated
      composites. Depth of cure evaluations of the photoactivated composites are
      dependent on many factors, both experimental and inherent. There is currently no
      consensus on depth of cure values and evaluation methods. It is suggested that,
      if necessary, visible light-activated composites should be placed and polymerized
      in about 2-mm increments. It is prudent to use a longer exposure time. Exposure
      of visible light composites to dental operatory lights or strong ambient lighting
      (or both) during restorative procedures should be minimized to avoid premature
      polymerization. There are differences in design, spectral distribution, and
      radiation intensity of photoactivating light units. No definitive information is
      currently available on the effectiveness and optimal conditions for use of
      different light/composite combinations. Little information is currently available
      on the bioeffect of visible light radiation on human optical systems and oral
      tissue. At the present time there are reports of afterimages but no long-lasting
      bioeffects. It is strongly recommended that precautions should be taken in the
      care, use, and operation of photoactivating light units. Protective filter
      glasses should be used.

PMID- 3855913
TI  - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

PMID- 3855915
TI  - Stress in dentistry: where's the evidence?

PMID- 3855914
TI  - Treatment confusion.

PMID- 3855916
TI  - The Protopappas anesthesia deaths.

PMID- 3855917
TI  - Internal marketing and quality assurance through patient feedback.

PMID- 3855919
TI  - Amalgam tattoo: report of an unusual clinical presentation and the use of energy
      dispersive X-ray analysis as an aid to diagnosis.
AB  - An unusual appearing gingival amalgam pigmentation (amalgam tattoo) that
      completely surrounded the maxillary right first premolar in a 13-year-old boy is
      presented. Because of the wide distribution and apparent clinical progression of
      the discoloration, an excisional biopsy was performed. The histopathologic
      diagnosis of amalgam pigmentation was confirmed in paraffin sections by energy
      dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Silver, tin, and mercury were detected in the
      specimen.

PMID- 3855918
TI  - An oral disease prevention program for patients receiving radiation and
      chemotherapy.
AB  - Thirteen years of treating more than 2,950 patients at the National Institute of
      Dental Research clinic have shown that a variety of potential oral sequelae
      associated with cancer therapy can be prevented, reduced in severity, or
      palliatively alleviated when the dental team has an opportunity to participate in
      the patient's care. The keystone of this success is based on early referral of
      the patient for dental consultation, treatment before the initiation of cancer
      therapy, and a well-defined orientation program to inform patients and their
      families about the difficulties they may experience. Meticulous attention to oral
      microbial control, prophylactic use of fluoride gels, and palliative treatment of
      soft tissue lesions may significantly reduce the oral morbidity associated with
      radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Diligent personal oral health care and
      frequent dental recall appointments are recommended for the remainder of the
      patient's life. It has been our experience that patients who are not followed
      closely after irradiation therapy have an increased incidence of caries as a
      result of noncompliance with preventive regimens. The ethical and medicolegal
      responsibility to fully inform the patient of these recommendations lies with
      both the medical and dental personnel at the facility providing the radiation
      chemotherapy service. The general dentist shares the responsibility for
      continuity of long-term oral health care.

PMID- 3855921
TI  - Talon cusp: a preventive approach to treatment.

PMID- 3855920
TI  - Computerized tomography as a guide in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint
      disease.
AB  - As described, CT is a noninvasive method for providing detailed views of both the
      soft and hard tissues of the TMJ region. Because internal derangements of the
      joint involve both of these structures, CT can provide an invaluable tool in the
      study, diagnosis, and treatment of various disorders of this nature. It is
      extremely important, however, to create a close working relationship with the
      radiologist who will be performing these studies. Only with adequate clinical
      study and information communicated to the radiologist can true benefits be
      obtained. As CT scans are available nationwide, this technique should be
      available to nearly any practitioner in the country. CT can be useful in both
      diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. On a diagnostic basis, it can provide a
      tomographic study of the osseous structures of the condyle, fossa, articular
      eminence, and surrounding hard tissues. By varying the slices, views of the
      medial and lateral poles as well as the central portions of the region, can be
      obtained. In this way, various arthroses, tumors, cysts, fractures, true
      ankylosis, neoplasias, developmental abnormalities, and other bony abnormalities
      can be clearly found. Therapeutically, CT can evaluate the success of treatment
      aimed at reestablishing proper disk-condylar relationships. However, the major
      advantage of TMJ CT is the observation of the soft tissue of the articular disk.
      By the use of CT, especially enhanced by the blink mode, we can see how the disk
      relates to the condyle. If a series of views are taken in both the closed and
      open position, we can observe the disk-condylar relationship during this range of
      motion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3855922
TI  - Vaccination of a county dental society against hepatitis B.
AB  - This paper describes a countywide program to screen and vaccinate dentists,
      hygienists, and assistants against hepatitis B. Prevaccination screening
      utilizing anti-HBc as the marker indicating previous exposure to hepatitis B
      demonstrated positivity rates of 27%, 12%, and 14%, respectively. Suggestions are
      included for other dental societies that are considering adopting a vaccination
      program.

PMID- 3855923
TI  - History and physical examination by oral and maxillofacial surgeons: the
      development of a physical assessment course.
AB  - Qualified oral surgeons may be granted hospital privileges to perform history and
      physical examinations on their patients as a result of a JCAH policy change,
      which became effective in January 1982. Oral surgeons must apply for and be
      granted this privilege from their affiliate hospitals and must demonstrate their
      qualifications. Various criteria can be used to assess qualification, including a
      review of the applicant's training in physical diagnosis in residency training,
      and participation in physical assessment continuing education programs. Review
      courses that feature hands-on practice are useful to oral surgeons interested in
      updating and refining their skills. Since the University of Illinois began
      offering a review course in 1981, 91 oral surgeons have completed the 2-day
      intensive review program. A follow-up survey of the participants indicates that
      the oral surgeons are applying for medical staff privileges. In a survey of 30
      oral surgeons who participated in the course during 1982, 13 (43%) indicated that
      they had obtained the privilege to perform histories and physical examinations
      from their local hospitals.

PMID- 3855924
TI  - Well-defined radiolucent area involving the anterior maxilla.
AB  - An example of a large and symptomatic nasopalatine duct cyst is presented. This
      cyst is the most common type of developmental or fissural cyst occurring in the
      maxilla. Treatment for most patients is conservative surgical excision. The
      excised tissue should be submitted for histopathologic examination to establish a
      definitive diagnosis and to rule out the possibility of a more serious lesion.

PMID- 3855925
TI  - Dentistry on stamps.

PMID- 3855926
TI  - Fluoride-releasing sealants.

PMID- 3855927
TI  - Dentist unemployment--a Scandinavian reality.

PMID- 3855928
TI  - The effects of beryllium and other adjuvants on Ia expression by macrophages.

PMID- 3855929
TI  - Effect of altered membrane fluidity on NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. I.
      Selective inhibition of the recognition or post recognition events in the
      cytolytic pathway of NK cells.
AB  - NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity results from membrane interactions between NK
      effector and target cells. The role of membrane fluidity in these events is not
      known. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of changes in
      membrane lipid fluidity of NK effector and NK-sensitive target cells on the lytic
      pathway of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Fluidity was modulated by various
      lipids and measured by fluorescence polarization. NK effector cells treated with
      phosphatidylcholine complexed with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and bovine serum
      albumin (BSA) showed increased membrane fluidity. This fluidization of the
      effector cell membrane resulted in a significant inhibition of cytotoxic activity
      in the 51Cr-release assay. Single cell analysis revealed that the inhibition was
      due to a decrease in the frequency of NK target conjugates and reduced killing of
      conjugated targets. Rigidification of the NK effector cell membranes by treatment
      with cholesteryl hemisuccinate complexed with PVP and BSA also resulted in
      inhibition of cytotoxicity. This inhibition was post binding, because binding was
      increased and lysis was abrogated. Fluidization of K562 target cell membranes
      caused a slight but insignificant increase in their lysis by NK cells without
      affecting the binding step. On the other hand, rigidification of K562 membranes
      decreased the sensitivity of these target cells to lysis. Single cell analysis
      revealed that this inhibition of NK lysis is post binding, because the frequency
      of killers was significantly decreased. It was also shown that membrane
      rigidification of target cells that were programmed for lysis during the lethal
      hit stage and subsequently separated from effector cells, rendered the programmed
      cells resistant to killing during the killer cell-independent lysis step. These
      results demonstrate that fluidization or rigidification of the plasma membrane of
      either effector or target cells affect different stages of the NK cell-mediated
      cytolytic events.

PMID- 3855930
TI  - Phorbol ester-induced lymphocyte adherence: selective action on NK cells.
AB  - Treatment of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with phorbol dibutyrate
      (PDBU) for 20 to 45 min at 37 degrees C induces adherence of 5 to 30% of the
      cells to plastic. The adherent cells (pAd) were highly enriched in NK cells on
      the basis of the following findings: 1) they exhibit high NK and ADCC activity
      but do not lyse the NK-resistant cell line, Daudi; 2) cytotoxic activity is
      enhanced by pretreatment with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha); 3) the surface
      markers of these cells, as determined with monoclonal antibodies, are consistent
      with NK cells; and 4) they are enriched with cells morphologically similar to
      large granular lymphocytes. Conversely, the PDBU-nonadherent cells were
      substantially depleted of NK cells. The fact that the pAd cells do not lyse the
      Daudi line and that their NK activity can be further augmented by IFN-alpha would
      suggest that the pAd are enriched for NK cells rather than changed in their
      characteristics as a result of the separation procedure. Moreover, no consistent
      and appreciable modulation of NK activity induced by PDBU was observed. This
      report therefore demonstrates that PDBU selectively induces NK adherence of NK
      cells, which may have practical as well as biological implications.

PMID- 3855931
TI  - Lymphocyte activation by the Fc region of immunoglobulin. I. Role of
      prostaglandins in the down regulation of Fc fragment-induced polyclonal antibody
      production.
AB  - Fc fragment-, subfragment-, and p23-induced polyclonal antibody production are
      regulated by endogenous and exogenous PGE. Addition of the PG synthetase
      inhibitor indomethacin (IM) to murine spleen cell cultures resulted in a
      significant increase in the amount of Ig secreted. Moreover, addition of
      exogenous PGE to culture resulted in a marked suppression of IgM and IgG
      secretion. Splenic adherent macrophages and P388D1 cells release PGE upon
      stimulation with Fc fragments, subfragments, and p23. The inclusion of IM or
      aspirin in culture was found to abrogate the ability of Fc fragments to induce
      PGE release from adherent cells. These results suggest a role for PG in immune
      complex mediated regulation of immune responses.

PMID- 3855932
TI  - Type II collagen-induced arthritis in mice. III. Suppression of arthritis by
      using monoclonal and polyclonal anti-Ia antisera.
AB  - Pretreatment of mice genetically susceptible to type II collagen-induced
      arthritis (CIA) with monoclonal or polyclonal antisera specific for I region gene
      products (Ia antigens) suppressed or delayed the onset of CIA, whereas
      pretreatment with anti-Ia to an irrelevant haplotype was without effect. The
      humoral response to type II collagen was transiently depressed 14 days after
      immunization but antibody levels did not differ significantly after 28 days. The
      peak delayed-type hypersensitivity to type II collagen was unaffected by anti-Ia
      treatment. Monoclonal antibody of one anti-Ia specificity enhanced both the
      antibody response and the arthritis incidence in one mouse strain.

PMID- 3855933
TI  - Glycolipid antigens of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils and the inducible HL
      60 myeloid leukemia line.
AB  - Glycolipid and cell surface carbohydrate antigens of human polymorphonuclear
      neutrophils (PMN) and of HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells were analyzed with a panel
      of defined, monoclonal anti-carbohydrate antibodies. Antigenicities of intact
      PMN, HL-60, and retinoic acid-induced HL-60 (r.a.-HL-60) were studied by flow
      cytofluorometry. These three cell populations displayed quantitative differences,
      some of which were induction dependent, in their expression of lactosyl, N
      acetyllactosaminyl, Y-hapten (Fuc alpha 1----2Gal beta 1----4(Fuc alpha 1---
      3)GlcNAc beta 1----R), and sialosyl-X-hapten (SA alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4(Fuc
      alpha 1----3)GlcNAc beta 1----R) specificities. Structures reactive with
      antibodies specific for long-chain mono-, and di- or tri- alpha 1----3
      fucosylated lacto-series glycolipids were also detected. Glycosphingolipids
      purified from organic extracts of these cells were analyzed to seek information
      concerning the chemical basis for these surface antigenic differences, to assess
      the structural and antigenic diversity of PMN and HL-60 glycolipids, and to
      quantitate chemically and antigenically prominent glycolipids. Binding of
      monoclonal antibodies to thin-layer chromatograms demonstrated that each of the
      specificities on intact cells was carried by one or more distinct glycolipids.
      The abundance of immunoreactive glycolipids in the extracts paralleled the
      relative staining intensities of the intact cell populations. Several "cryptic"
      glycolipid antigens, including alpha 2----6 sialosylated structures enriched five
      to 10-fold in PMN extracts, were not detected on intact cells. Lactosylceramide
      accounted for two-thirds of the approximately 1.5 X 10(9) glycolipid molecules
      contained in each PMN. The remaining glycolipid antigens appeared to include
      structurally diverse fucolipids, fucogangliosides, and neutral and sialosylated
      glycolipids with Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----R terminal core structure. The
      abundance, diversity, and induction-dependent expression of these structures
      suggest that they may participate in PMN maturation and function.

PMID- 3855934
TI  - The embryology of the temporomandibular joint.

PMID- 3855935
TI  - Bite force discrimination with mandibular movement.

PMID- 3855936
TI  - The TMJ examination form.

PMID- 3855937
TI  - Orthodontic/orthopedic treatment of craniomandibular pain dysfunction. Part 4:
      Unilateral and bilateral crossbite.

PMID- 3855938
TI  - Biodynamics of the cranium: a survey.

PMID- 3855939
TI  - Repositioning the mandible anteriorly with fixed composite overlays.

PMID- 3855941
TI  - A 66-year-old man with limited jaw opening and temporomandibular joint pain,
      clicking and crepitation.

PMID- 3855940
TI  - Addition of a temporal silastic and metal implant to a metallic condyle.

PMID- 3855942
TI  - Osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle.

PMID- 3855943
TI  - Ca-125 levels in the conditioned media of the gynecological tumor cell lines.

PMID- 3855944
TI  - [Indications and management of uterine activity stimulation and induction of
      labor].

PMID- 3855945
TI  - [The effect of indomethacin on the implantation and metabolism of blastocysts].
AB  - The experiments were performed in order to reveal the role of prostaglandins in
      the implantation process, using indomethacin, a inhibitor of prostaglandin
      synthesis. Indomethacin was administered to mice on various days of pregnancy,
      and then the number of implantation sites and the uterine weight per the number
      of implantation sites were determined on day 10 of pregnancy. Furthermore
      [3H]uridine incorporation of blastocysts incubated in the medium containing
      indomethacin with/without prostaglandin F2 alpha was evaluated in vitro. The
      results were as follows. Indomethacin reduced the number of implantation sites in
      the uterus and the uterine weight per the number of implantation sites (embryonal
      growth). Indomethacin inhibited the [3H]uridine incorporation of blastocysts, but
      prostaglandin F2 alpha counteracted the effect of indomethacin. These results
      suggested that prostaglandins play a role in inducing implantation and embryonal
      growth, and that blastocysts might synthesize prostaglandins.

PMID- 3855946
TI  - Effects of N-nitrosodimethylamine on tumor susceptibility.
AB  - Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) exposure altered the activity of the macrophage and
      natural killer (NK) cell defense mechanisms against the B16F10 melanoma in B6C3F1
      adult female mice as assessed by several immunologic assays. Following 14 daily
      exposures (i.p.) to 1.5, 3.0, or 5.0 mg DMN/kg, mice were injected (i.v.) with
      B16F10 melanoma. The incidence and number of lung nodules, determined 18 days
      after challenge, were decreased in the DMN-exposed animals. The initial
      observation indicated the mice exposed to 3 mg/kg DMN were afforded the greatest
      protection. However, when mice exposed to the highest dose of DMN were divided
      into subgroups of mice with or without ascites, there was a degree protection
      seen in the 5-mg/kg-treated mice without ascites that was comparable to that of
      the 3-mg/kg group. The development of ascites is an overt toxic effect reflecting
      damage to the liver and was frequently associated with exposure to 5 mg/kg DMN.
      Exposure to DMN produced only slight changes in the activity of splenic NK cells
      as determined by the cytotoxicity of 51Cr-labelled YAC-1 cells. The activity was
      significantly increased only in mice exposed to 3 mg/kg DMN and only at
      effector:target (E:T) ratios of 30:1 and 10:1. Interestingly, the activity of the
      NK cells was significantly decreased at all E:T ratios in mice exposed to 5 mg/kg
      that developed ascites. The number of peritoneal exudate cells was decreased,
      albeit nonsignificantly, in a dose-related fashion. The phagocytic activity, as
      measured by the uptake of fluorescent latex beads, was increased in a dose
      related fashion with significance noted at the highest dose of DMN. The role of
      the macrophage in the increased resistance to the tumor challenge was assessed
      with bone marrow derived macrophages. The cytostatic activity versus B16F10 tumor
      cells, as measured by the uptake of 3H-thymidine, was markedly increased in the
      bone marrow derived macrophages from DMN (5mg/kg) mice when compared to vehicle
      controls. These results suggest that exposure to DMN alters bone marrow,
      particularly the differentiation of effector tumoricidal cells, which renders the
      host more resistant to metastatic tumor formation.

PMID- 3855947
TI  - Human leukemic models of myelomonocytic development: a review of the HL-60 and
      U937 cell lines.
AB  - The human leukemic myeloblast HL-60 and monoblast U937 cell lines have made
      important contributions to the disciplines of cancer, hematology, and immunology.
      As sources of leukemic cells, they have been used for the study of neoplasia and
      therapeutics. As sources of hemic cells, they have been used for biochemical and
      biological analysis of regulation and differentiation in myelopoiesis. When
      stimulated with immunomodulatory factors, the cell lines develop properties of
      host-defense effector cells. They are also a source of cytokines that affect
      other cell types.

PMID- 3855948
TI  - Uptake of extracellular calcium by neonatal neutrophils.
AB  - Neutrophils from human neonates exhibit abnormalities of plasma membrane and
      cytoskeletal dependent functions such as chemotaxis, deformability, and lectin
      capping. The uptake of extracellular calcium by neutrophils is a key early event
      in neutrophil activation and in the optimal performance of these functions. We
      found that neonatal and control neutrophils acquire extracellular radioactive
      calcium comparably under most experimental conditions. No differences (P greater
      than 0.05) were seen between neonatal and control neutrophils following
      stimulation with soluble sodium fluoride, N-formyl-methionyl-L-leucyl-L
      phenylalanine, dimethylsulfoxide, and opsonized zymosan particles. However, the
      uptake of calcium by resting (unstimulated) neutrophils was significantly less (P
      less than 0.0001) by neonatal cells. The kinetics of calcium uptake by neonatal
      and control neutrophils were similar both at rest and following stimulation for
      15 min with sodium fluoride. Although additional studies will be necessary to
      completely define the ionic events involved in the chemotaxis of neonatal
      neutrophils, it seems unlikely that the abnormal mobility of these cells is due
      simply to an inability of neonatal neutrophils to acquire extracellular calcium
      in response to cellular stimulation.

PMID- 3855950
TI  - Diethylstilbestrol effects on host resistance.

PMID- 3855949
TI  - Monitoring human neutrophil granule secretion by flow cytometry: secretion and
      membrane potential changes assessed by light scatter and a fluorescent probe of
      membrane potential.
AB  - Purified human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) were
      incubated at 37 degrees C with the fluorescent membrane potential sensitive
      cyanine dye di-O-C(5)(3) and exposed to a number of stimulatory agents (N
      formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP), cytochalasin B (cyto B) + FMLP,
      phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Flow cytometry was utilized to measure changes
      in forward light scatter (FS), orthogonal light scatter (90 degrees-SC), and
      fluorescence intensity of individual cells over time. A saturating (10(-6) M)
      dose of FMLP lead to a significant increase in the cells' FS without a change in
      90 degrees-SC as well as a heterogeneous loss of di-O-C(5)(3) fluorescence. PMA
      (100 ng/ml) also caused an increase in FS but a uniform loss of dye fluorescence
      by all cells (apparent depolarization). Cyto B + FMLP produced an increase in FS,
      a marked loss of 90 degrees-SC, and a uniform loss of fluorescence. Secretion
      experiments under identical incubation conditions indicated a significantly
      positive relationship between loss of enzyme markers or cell granularity and
      orthogonal light scatter (r = 0.959, 0.998, and 0.989 for loss of 90 degrees-SC
      vs lysozyme, beta-glucuronidase, and granularity index, respectively). Sequential
      exposure of PMN to PMA and then cyto B + FMLP produced a stepwise shift in
      scatter parameters (increased FS then loss of 90 degrees-SC). Normalization of
      membrane potential dye fluorescence changes for the changes in light scatter did
      not abrogate the heterogeneous fluorescence response of cells to stimulus,
      indicating that stimulus-induced scatter changes were not responsible for such
      fluorescence shifts. The data demonstrate that loss of 90 degrees-SC relates
      closely to secretion of primary granules while changes in FS reflect alterations
      in cell shape and/or surface/volume ratios that accompany cell activation. Flow
      cytometric light scatter measurements may yield important information on the
      extent of prior cell degranulation or activation.

PMID- 3855951
TI  - The placebo effect.

PMID- 3855952
TI  - The errant impacted third molar.

PMID- 3855953
TI  - Esthetic periodontal surgery.

PMID- 3855954
TI  - Informed consent.

PMID- 3855955
TI  - A clinico-pathological presentation. Lingual mandibular salivary gland
      depression.

PMID- 3855956
TI  - Biological evaluation of the apical dentin chip plug.

PMID- 3855957
TI  - Apical leakage in relation to radiographic density of Gutta-percha using
      different obturation techniques.

PMID- 3855958
TI  - Rat macrophage response to implanted sealer cements.

PMID- 3855959
TI  - Radiographic evaluation of root canal anatomy of in vivo endodontically treated
      maxillary premolars.

PMID- 3855960
TI  - Oroantral communication in periapical surgery of maxillary posterior teeth.

PMID- 3855961
TI  - Microradiographic assessment of neodentinal bridging following direct pulp
      capping in human teeth.

PMID- 3855962
TI  - Corrosion of silver cones in the subcutaneous connective tissue of the rat: a
      preliminary scanning electron microscope, electron microprobe, and histological
      study.

PMID- 3855963
TI  - Transition of apical periodontal cysts to intramedullary osteomyelitis: a
      clinicopathological analysis.

PMID- 3855964
TI  - Osseous reactions to three hemostatic agents.

PMID- 3855965
TI  - Endodontic treatment of an anomalous mandibular molar.

PMID- 3855966
TI  - Clinical evaluation of Ektaspeed X-ray film for use in endodontics.

PMID- 3855967
TI  - Human phenol sulfotransferase: correlation of brain and platelet activities.
AB  - Phenol sulfotransferase (PST; EC 2.8.2.1) catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of
      phenolic and catechol neurotransmitters and drugs. The human blood platelet has
      been the most thoroughly studied source of PST because of the possibility that
      the regulation of the enzyme in this easily accessible tissue might reflect the
      regulation of PST in the CNS. The human brain and platelet contain at least two
      forms of PST, forms designated as thermostable (TS) and thermolabile (TL) PST. TS
      PST catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of micromolar concentrations of phenol and
      p-nitrophenol and TL PST catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of dopamine and other
      monoamines. This study was performed to determine whether individual variations
      in the activities of human platelet TS and TL PST reflect individual variations
      in cerebral cortical PST activities. PST activities were measured in platelets
      and in cerebral cortical tissue obtained from 15 patients with epilepsy during
      clinically indicated neurosurgery. There was a highly significant correlation
      between the activities of the TS form of PST in cerebral cortex and platelets of
      these patients (r = 0.940, p less than 0.001), but there was not a significant
      correlation between activities of the TL form of PST in the two tissues (r =
      0.396, p greater than 0.14). In addition to variations in the level of enzyme
      activity, there are also wide individual variations in the thermal stability of
      platelet TS PST.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3855968
TI  - Acute changes in blood-CSF barrier permselectivity to serum proteins after
      intrathecal methotrexate and CNS irradiation.
AB  - Ten children affected by acute lymphoblastic leukaemia without CNS involvement
      were treated with a CNS prophylaxis protocol. Intrathecal methotrexate and CNS
      irradiation (60Co) administered at different times both induced an increase in
      blood-CSF barrier permeability to serum proteins (albumin, IgG, alpha 2
      macroglobulin). The relationship between permeability coefficients of proteins
      was analysed by theoretical porous or vesicular blood-CSF barrier models. The
      analysis indicated that both therapeutic procedures affect endothelial
      pinocytosis. An increase in radius of pinocytotic vesicles from 400 to 1500 A
      seemed the most relevant change. The damage of endothelial barrier
      permselectivity could be involved in acute and late delayed toxic effects of
      intrathecal methotrexate and of CNS irradiation.

PMID- 3855969
TI  - Childhood testicular relapse.

PMID- 3855971
TI  - Selecting a computer system for your dental practice.

PMID- 3855970
TI  - Dentists' attitudes about computers.

PMID- 3855972
TI  - The competencies in managing a primary care practice.

PMID- 3855973
TI  - When should the general or restorative dentist refer a patient to a periodontist?

PMID- 3855974
TI  - Attraction and retention of dental clinic patients of a dental school.

PMID- 3855976
TI  - Sterilization by microwaves.

PMID- 3855975
TI  - Primary central nervous system lymphoma.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 21 cases of primary central nervous system (CNS)
      lymphoma is reported. All patients presented with a solitary mass in the
      supratentorial region. None had previously received immunosuppressive therapy.
      Neuroradiological studies included technetium-99m-pertechnetate brain scanning in
      eight cases, cerebral arteriography in all 21 cases, and computerized tomography
      (CT) in 14 cases. The characteristic features were increased uptake in brain
      scans, mass effect in arteriograms, and marked contrast enhancement on CT scans.
      Abnormal tumor vessels were occasionally seen on arteriography, and subtraction
      films were usually required to appreciate tumor stain. All patients underwent
      craniotomy, and histological studies of the tumors showed a diffuse type of
      lymphoma in all cases. Immunoglobulin testing was performed in 19 cases and a
      monoclonal spike was verified in 10, suggesting a B cell origin. All patients
      were followed until their death except one who was still alive 12 months from
      onset of symptoms. Therapy included subtotal resection in all 21 cases, whole
      brain irradiation in six cases, chemotherapy in two cases, and a combination of
      whole-brain irradiation and chemotherapy in nine cases. Three different forms of
      chemotherapy were used. The results suggest that chemotherapy is an important
      addition to subtotal resection and whole-brain irradiation in the treatment of
      primary CNS lymphoma.

PMID- 3855977
TI  - Eye injuries: a hazard in the dental office.

PMID- 3855978
TI  - Protect your hearing. Dental office sounds may be hazardous to your health.

PMID- 3855979
TI  - Nelson's syndrome: another condition associated with mucocutaneous
      hyperpigmentation.

PMID- 3855980
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of erosive lichen planus: (report of two cases).

PMID- 3855981
TI  - Necrotizing sialometaplasia of palatal minor salivary glands: a report on 2
      cases.

PMID- 3855983
TI  - Racial predilection of ameloblastoma? A probable answer from Lagos (Nigeria) and
      Richmond, Virginia (U.S.A.).

PMID- 3855982
TI  - Salivary composition in diabetic patients.

PMID- 3855984
TI  - Intraoral blue nevus. Review of the literature and a case report.

PMID- 3855985
TI  - Tuberculosis initially diagnosed by asymptomatic oral lesions. Report of three
      cases.

PMID- 3855987
TI  - The effect of calcitonin on experimental osteoradionecrosis in mice.

PMID- 3855986
TI  - The peripheral odontogenic fibroma: a retrospective study.

PMID- 3855988
TI  - Facial pain complaints in the elderly.
AB  - The incidence of facial pain and mandibular dysfunction was studied in a
      population of elderly, middle-class Americans (median age, 71 years) using a self
      report questionnaire. The questionnaire was mailed to 839 volunteer subjects of
      both sexes; responses were obtained from 562 (67%) individuals. Results showed
      that 536 respondents (95.4%) were free of facial pain and that only 25 (4.4%) had
      temporomandibular joint pain. Joint sounds and teeth clenching and grinding were
      associated with facial pain in 50% of those who reported this combination.

PMID- 3855989
TI  - The correlation of temporomandibular joint sounds with joint morphology in fifty
      five autopsy specimens.
AB  - Joint sounds from 55 fresh temporomandibular joint autopsy specimens were
      correlated with the macroscopic examination of joint morphology. Fifty-eight per
      cent of the joints were silent. Two thirds of these showed normal superior disc
      positions and remodeled articular surfaces, whereas one third exhibited anterior
      disc displacement. Twenty per cent of the joints elicited clicking and showed
      anterior disc displacement. Twenty-two per cent of the joints elicited
      crepitation and exhibited mostly arthrosis of the articular surfaces and
      perforation of the discs. Our results confirm previous statements that clicking
      and crepitation may be looked upon as signs of abnormal joint morphology,
      clicking indicating anterior disc displacement and crepitation usually indicating
      arthrosis. Absence of sound alone, however, should not be accepted as an
      indication of a normal joint.

PMID- 3855991
TI  - Case 52: Multiloculated radiolucency of the left mandible.

PMID- 3855990
TI  - Autologous transfusion in orthognathic surgery.
AB  - The principles of autologous transfusion are discussed. Autologous blood can be
      transfused for about the same cost as conventional donor blood, but there is
      decreased risk of the transmission of infectious disease or the formation of
      antibodies directed against red-cell antigens. Intraoperative blood replacement
      requirements for almost all orthognathic surgical procedures may be met by
      autologous liquid storage according to the schedule provided.

PMID- 3855992
TI  - Gaucher's disease affecting the mandible.
AB  - A case of Gaucher's disease affecting the left body of the mandible is presented.
      Dentists can recognize this uncommon disease through the medical history of the
      patient, the presence of characteristic Gaucher cells on biopsy of the lesion,
      and decreased serum levels of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase.

PMID- 3855993
TI  - Intramuscular hemangioma of the tongue.
AB  - A case of intramuscular hemangioma of the tongue originally suspected to be an
      epidermoid or dermoid cyst was presented. The correct diagnosis was discovered
      during surgery, when uncontrollable bleeding and the results from a frozen
      section revealed the true nature of the lesion.

PMID- 3855994
TI  - A technical note on placement of the mandibular staple bone plate.
AB  - The technical modifications suggested for placement of the mandibular staple bone
      plate include the positioning of the acrylic template at the onset of the
      procedure and the insertion of an excess amount of Steri-drape intraorally at the
      time the patient is draped. The assistant can then manipulate the acrylic
      template and director rods from a sterile field. The perception of when the drill
      bit has completely traversed the alveolar bone is improved by relieving the
      acrylic template at the site at which the transosteal pins penetrate into the
      oral cavity. The advantages of these modifications are three-fold: the entire
      surgical team remains sterile, the risk of contaminating the surgical field is
      reduced, and the procedure is rendered more time-efficient.

PMID- 3855995
TI  - Functional therapy for fractures of the condyloid process in adults.

PMID- 3855996
TI  - Pediatric orthodontics: quality and sufficiency of treatment.

PMID- 3855997
TI  - Longitudinal radiographic evaluation of the progress of caries under sealants.

PMID- 3855998
TI  - Radiographic observation of tooth protection from demineralization by sealants.

PMID- 3855999
TI  - Use of lorazepam as premedication for apprehensive children.

PMID- 3856000
TI  - Partial pulpotomy following complicated crown fracture in permanent incisors: a
      clinical and radiographical study.

PMID- 3856001
TI  - The matrix band segment for Class II restorations.

PMID- 3856002
TI  - Controversies in periodontal microbiology.

PMID- 3856003
TI  - Prepubertal periodontitis: report of a generalized case involving the primary
      dentition.

PMID- 3856004
TI  - Epidermal nevus syndrome: report of a case with oral involvement.

PMID- 3856005
TI  - An evaluation of tricalcium phosphate implants in human periodontal osseous
      defects of two patients.
AB  - This study evaluated the use of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramic implant
      material in periodontal osseous defects. Thirteen defects in two patients were
      treated with mucoperiosteal flaps and placement of TCP. The defects were
      evaluated clinically and radiographically utilizing standardized probe placement
      and radiographic technique. Clinically, there was a mean probing pocket reduction
      of 4.5 mm as a result of a mean gain of clinical probing attachment level of 2.0
      mm and a mean gingival recession of 2.5 mm. Radiographically, there was a mean
      "fill" of 1.8 mm. Six teeth were removed by block biopsy for histologic analysis,
      three at 3 months, one at 6 months and two a 9 months. The TCP particles were
      well tolerated and encapsulated by fibrous connective tissue, but the particles
      did not stimulate new bone growth. The junctional epithelium ended 1.62 mm
      coronal to the apical extent of a reference notch placed at the base of the
      defect. Although new cementum was observed, there was limited evidence of new
      attachment.

PMID- 3856007
TI  - Collagen sponge as a topical hemostatic agent in mucogingival surgery.
AB  - Hemorrhage from palatal donor sites during periodontal mucogingival surgery was
      controlled by application of Collastat absorbable hemostatic sponges. The use of
      collagen sponges was evaluated in 20 free-graft cases. In contrast to
      microfibrillar collagen, which is normally delivered as clumps of material, a
      Collastat sponge was applied as a single piece that maintained structural
      integrity even when wet and was easy to maneuver into place. The highly porous
      sponges conformed to the wound, absorbed fluid and produced consistently reliable
      hemostasis with no secondary bleeding. By stemming the seepage of blood into the
      throat, patient safety and comfort were improved. The sponges were left on the
      wounds and removed at the 1-week postoperative visit, revealing well-formed
      granulation tissue. Healing proceeded normally with no evidence of infection,
      tissue reaction, or other adverse effects.

PMID- 3856006
TI  - A fused central incisor. Periodontal considerations in comprehensive treatment.
AB  - This report details the treatment of a permanent central incisor fused to a
      supernumerary tooth. The level of fusion was first determined by radiographs, but
      surgical visibility indicated a more extensive fusion. The two roots were
      separated, and the supernumerary tooth was removed. At 10 weeks postoperatively,
      orthodontic treatment was instituted, bringing the retained tooth through the
      healing socket left by the supernumerary, and into contact with the interdental
      septum. After endodontic treatment and splinting, a periodontal re-entry
      procedure was necessitated by the persistence of inflammation caused by
      incomplete removal of the furcation-like area between the fused teeth. The
      improved periodontal prognosis of this case at 1-year follow-up can be attributed
      to careful postsurgical evaluation and subsequent removal of this plaque
      retentive area.

PMID- 3856008
TI  - Properties of interocclusal registration materials.

PMID- 3856009
TI  - A comparison of Chromascan and spectrophotometric color measurements of 100
      natural teeth.

PMID- 3856011
TI  - Quick technique for construction of a surgical obturator.

PMID- 3856010
TI  - A study of the position of the parotid papilla relative to the occlusal plane.
AB  - This study determined that a fairly constant relationship exists between the
      parotid papilla and the occlusal plane. An additional finding was that this
      relationship may not be the same on each side of the mouth. Race and sex
      differences were not significant.

PMID- 3856012
TI  - Rebasing metal-based complete mandibular dentures.
AB  - A comprehensive rationale and technique is presented for rebasing a metal-based
      mandibular complete denture. It is economically practical to rebase the metal
      based complete denture if it meets the criteria for rebasing. No more chair time
      is required for replacing a metal base than for an acrylic resin base. The only
      additional cost is for construction of the new metal base in the laboratory.

PMID- 3856014
TI  - Modification of Hanau H-2 articulator to accept the earpiece face-bow.
AB  - A time-saving and economic method of fitting the centric lock with an auditory
      pin for older Hanau H-2 articulators was described. The entire process takes
      approximately 10 minutes when done by an experienced machinist.

PMID- 3856013
TI  - Denture flange modification for autopolymerizing and heat-processed resilient
      denture liners.

PMID- 3856015
TI  - Effect of restoration quality on periodontal health.

PMID- 3856016
TI  - Pin-retained reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol temporary restorations.

PMID- 3856017
TI  - Technique to record the location of the kinematic hinge axis without tattooing.

PMID- 3856018
TI  - An instrument to facilitate the placement of interarch elastics.

PMID- 3856019
TI  - Vibrating spatula for plaster.

PMID- 3856020
TI  - Stability of gingival crest after surgery and before anterior crown placement.

PMID- 3856021
TI  - Linear distortion of acrylic resin.

PMID- 3856022
TI  - Custom-matrix technique for composite resin restoration of diastemas.

PMID- 3856023
TI  - The ala-tragus line in complete denture prosthodontics.

PMID- 3856024
TI  - Alternative obturation for the maxillectomy patient with severely limited
      mandibular opening.

PMID- 3856025
TI  - Acetic acid vapor levels associated with facial prosthetics.
AB  - The use of Silastic Medical Adhesive Type A in the fabrication of facial
      prostheses may cause health hazards to the patient and the operator because of
      acetic acid emissions. Caution must be exercised to remove acetic acid vapors
      from the air and unliberated acetic acid from material applied directly to the
      skin.

PMID- 3856026
TI  - Evaluation of condylar position from temporomandibular joint radiographs.
AB  - This investigation evaluated the accuracy of three different transcranial TMJ
      radiographic records of condylar position and joint space dimension. In addition,
      the study evaluated how reliably observers determined condylar position and joint
      space dimensions from the radiographs. The results of this investigation support
      the following conclusions. The classification of condylar position is not the
      same at different sagittal locations within a TMJ. Skull position and
      radiographic projection must be identical if joint space measurements from serial
      radiographs are to be compared. The actual joint space dimensions and the
      anatomic anterior/posterior position of the condyles in the glenoid fossae cannot
      be accurately recorded by the radiographic techniques used in this investigation.
      Condyle/fossa relationships cannot be classified reliably by subjective
      evaluation of TMJ radiographs.

PMID- 3856027
TI  - Restoration of Class IV and VI defects in anterior teeth with an unfilled resin.
AB  - The etched resin technique with unfilled acrylic resin has been successful for
      Class IV and VI defects on anterior incisor teeth and has proven more useful than
      alternatives in the immediate treatment of traumatized teeth. The advantages of
      this approach are ease of operation, excellent retention, conservative tooth
      preparation, excellent esthetics, lower cost to patient, reduced additional
      insult to recently traumatized teeth in stabilizing them, stable color, and lack
      of trauma to opposing teeth (Fig. 10).

PMID- 3856028
TI  - Maxillary sinusitis as a differential diagnosis in temporomandibular joint pain
      dysfunction syndrome.
AB  - Maxillary sinusitis may be diagnosed incorrectly as TMJ pain-dysfunction syndrome
      because of a similarity of signs and symptoms. Both conditions can manifest with
      headache, facial pain radiating to the ear and the maxillary teeth, preauricular
      pain, and pain in the buccal vestibule posterior and superior to the maxillary
      tuberosity. It can be concluded that (1) more consideration should be given to
      sinus disturbances as a differential diagnosis in TMJ pain-dysfunction syndrome,
      (2) it may be preferable to refer some patients with TMJ pain to a medical center
      where specialists in dentistry, otolaryngology, neurology, rheumatology, and
      psychiatry can evaluate the patient, and (3) TMJ pain-dysfunction syndrome should
      be evaluated and treated by a dentist experienced in management of this disorder.

PMID- 3856029
TI  - Identification of leucocytes within the human chorion laeve.
AB  - Occasional macrophages and granulocytes have been detected within the
      cytotrophoblast layer of the chorion laeve in normal term placentae. It is
      clearly important to identify these leucocytes in studies of antigen expression
      by trophoblastic populations within the amniochorion. The relevance of these
      observations to any immunocompetent interactions between maternal and fetal cells
      through the chorion laeve remains to be established.

PMID- 3856030
TI  - Properties of glass ionomer luting cements.

PMID- 3856031
TI  - Occlusal adjustment: an appraisal.

PMID- 3856032
TI  - Personality and staff privileges.

PMID- 3856033
TI  - Ethics and technology.

PMID- 3856034
TI  - Three-year experience with gastric stapling for morbid obesity.

PMID- 3856035
TI  - Cardiac sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3856036
TI  - Panic disorder: fear disguised as medical illness.

PMID- 3856037
TI  - Discrimination between normal, hyperplastic and malignant human prostatic tissues
      by enzymatic profiles.
AB  - A relative enzymatic index has been developed which differentiates normal,
      hyperplastic (BPH) and malignant human prostatic tissues. Enzymatic activities
      have been calculated at Vmax conditions in 10 normal, 14 BPH and 11 carcinoma
      samples. Five enzymes have been assayed: 1) 5 alpha-reductase, 2) 3 alpha
      hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase, 3) 3 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase, 4) 17
      beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase and 5) acid phosphatase. The following
      observations were made when comparing individual enzymatic activities between the
      3 tissue groups: 1) mean 5 alpha-reductase activity was lower in carcinoma than
      in both normal prostate and BPH (p less than 0.05), 2) mean 3 alpha
      hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activities
      were greater in carcinoma than in BPH (p less than 0.05) and 3) mean acid
      phosphatase activity was higher in BPH than in both normal prostate and carcinoma
      (p less than 0.01). The absolute enzymatic activities were then expressed as
      relative activities by dividing each absolute value by the mean value for that
      enzyme in normal prostatic tissue. Relative enzymatic activities were used to
      derive the ratio: (Formula: see text) The mean value of this ratio was
      statistically different in normal, BPH and carcinoma tissue (p less than 0.01).
      The mean value was 3.6 times higher in BPH than in normal tissue, and was 3.8
      times higher in normal tissue than in carcinoma. This suggests that BPH and
      carcinoma diverge in opposite directions biochemically from normal prostatic
      growth and supports histologic evidence that the 2 neoplastic conditions have a
      different pathogenesis rather than being part of the same disease spectrum.

PMID- 3856038
TI  - Primary thrombocythemia and acute leukemia.

PMID- 3856040
TI  - H.E.L.P.

PMID- 3856039
TI  - Loa loa. An unusual case of chronic urticaria and angioedema in the United
      States.

PMID- 3856041
TI  - Combined cytotoxicity effect of hyperthermia and anthracycline antibiotics on
      human tumor cells.
AB  - The effects of temperature on the anthracycline antibiotics-induced cell kill of
      DND-1A human malignant melanoma (MM) and DND-39A Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell
      lines were studied by means of a clonogenic assay. The two cell lines differed in
      sensitivity when exposed to heat: The MM cells were unaffected by hyperthermia
      (42 degrees C), whereas BL cells were sensitive to this temperature. With the MM
      cells, hyperthermia potentiated the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin (ADM),
      daunorubicin, mitoxantrone (DHAD), and quelamycin but did not enhance that of
      aclacinomycin (ACM). Conversely, the exposure of cells to the anthracycline
      compounds at 0 degree C resulted in almost complete disappearance of cell kill
      effects except with ACM; ACM retained substantial cell kill effects even at the
      given low temperature. For BL cells, ADM- or DHAD-induced cell lethality was also
      potentiated by hyperthermia; ACM produced only additive cell kill. At 0 degree C,
      ACM's effects virtually disappeared. These data indicate that human tumor cell
      lines have a substantial variety in heat sensitivity and that not every
      anthracycline antitumor agent is potentiated by temperature. ACM's thermoresponse
      is unique among anthracycline antibiotics studied. Additionally, it was shown
      that normothermic cell kill by ADM was not affected by hyperthermic preheating;
      however, preheating of appropriate duration produced important influence on
      subsequent hyperthermic ADM-induced cell kill.

PMID- 3856042
TI  - Primary melanoma cells of the vertical growth phase: similarities to metastatic
      cells.
AB  - Three primary and 16 metastatic melanoma cell lines were established from primary
      and metastatic lesions of 4 patients with malignant melanoma. Comparison of
      metastatic melanoma cells with cells of the vertical growth phase (VGP) or late
      primary melanoma from the same individual revealed, generally, a shorter
      population-doubling time, growth to a higher cell density, higher tyrosinase
      activity, and more pigmentation in metastatic cells. Conversely, primary and
      metastatic melanoma cells had similar morphology, plating efficiency, and
      tumorigenicity in nude mice. Karyotypic analysis revealed clonality and nonrandom
      abnormalities in chromosomes 1, 6, and 7 in cells of the primary and metastatic
      lesions of the 3 patients studied. Few differences were found in the expression
      of melanoma-associated antigens on short-term and long-term cultured cells by
      tests with monoclonal antibodies in mixed hemadsorption assays, flow cytometry,
      and radioimmunoassays. Our results indicate that cells cultured from the VGP but
      not from the radial growth phase of primary melanoma are similar to metastatic
      melanoma cells.

PMID- 3856043
TI  - Inflammatory breast cancer: the experience of the surveillance, epidemiology, and
      end results (SEER) program.
AB  - The current status of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) among U.S. females was
      reviewed with the use of data abstracted from medical records of patients
      diagnosed with breast cancer between 1975 and 1981 in nine geographic areas
      covered by the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End
      Results (SEER) Program. Patients were selected on the basis of reported clinical
      and pathologic features of IBC and were divided into 3 groups: I) both clinical
      and pathologic features of IBC; II) clinical features without pathologic
      confirmation; and III) pathologic evidence only. The age distribution of
      pathologically defined IBC, in general, showed younger ages than those for other
      breast cancers in both the white and black populations. Further analysis was
      restricted to white females due to the relatively small numbers of black and
      other nonwhite patients with IBC. The disease presentations of both clinically
      and pathologically defined IBC were similar with regard to the likelihood of the
      presence of metastases at initial staging. Survival was evaluated by comparison
      of patients with nonmetastatic (MO) disease. Three years after diagnosis, the
      relative survival rates among patients in groups I, II, and III were observed to
      be 34, 60, and 52%, respectively. Survival of patients with all other types of
      breast cancer was 90% at 3 years. The management of IBC appeared to differ from
      the treatment of other forms of breast cancer; chemotherapy was given more
      frequently as the first course of cancer-directed therapy in white SEER females
      with evidence of MO IBC compared with the group with MO non-IBC. When all
      possible combinations of initial therapy were considered, the treatment for IBC
      was more variable than the treatment for non-IBC.

PMID- 3856044
TI  - Dietary relationships with fatal colorectal cancer among Seventh-Day Adventists.
AB  - Associations between fatal colon or colorectal cancer and frequency of use of
      meat, cheese, milk, eggs, green salad, and coffee, as well as percent desirable
      weight, are described with the use of 21 years of follow-up for 25,493 white
      California Seventh-Day Adventists. Associations are presented in terms of
      relative risk (RR) of colorectal cancer for heavy or light exposure versus rare
      exposure. There were no clear relationships evident between colon or rectal
      cancer and meat, cheese, milk, or green salad use. Egg use was positively
      associated with risk of fatal colon cancer in both males (RR = 1.6) and females
      (RR = 1.7). Coffee use was positively associated with both colon and rectal
      cancer mortality in males and females, particularly for colon cancer during the
      last 11 years of follow-up (male RR = 3.5; female RR = 1.9). Overweight (percent
      of desirable weight greater than or equal to 125) was associated with an
      increased risk of fatal rectal cancer in both sexes combined (RR = 2.8) and colon
      cancer in males only (RR = 3.3). Furthermore, eggs, coffee, and overweight appear
      to be independently associated with risk of both colon and colorectal cancer.
      These three factors may explain a substantial portion of the colorectal cancer
      mortality differential between Adventists and U.S. whites (62% for males; 30% for
      females).

PMID- 3856045
TI  - Body mass index as a predictor of cancer in men.
AB  - In this prospective study 8,006 Japanese men, age 45-68 years, were examined
      between 1965 and 1968. Their height and weight were measured and they were asked
      for their weight at age 25. After a surveillance period of almost 15 years, 646
      incident cases of the following cancers were identified: 104 stomach, 101 colon,
      101 lung, 96 prostate, 63 rectum, and 181 cancers of other sites. Body mass index
      (BMI = weight/height2) at time of examination and weight gain since age 25 were
      positively associated with an increased risk for colon cancer in subjects age 55
      or older at the time of examination. No other cancer had a significant positive
      association with either BMI at the time of examination or with weight gain since
      age 25. In contrast, a low BMI at examination and weight loss since age 25 were
      associated with an increased risk for stomach cancer, whereas only weight loss
      since age 25 was associated with an increased risk for lung cancer. These two
      cancers accounted for the overall significant association of weight loss with
      total cancer incidence.

PMID- 3856046
TI  - Mortality among a cohort of U.S. cadmium production workers--an update.
AB  - A previous retrospective mortality study of 292 U.S. cadmium production workers
      employed for a minimum of 2 years showed increased mortality from respiratory and
      prostate cancer and from nonmalignant lung disease. To examine further the
      mortality experience of these workers, investigators from the National Institute
      for Occupational Safety and Health extended the study to include 602 white males
      with at least 6 months of production work in the same plant between 1940 and
      1969. Vital status was determined through 1978, which included the addition of 5
      years to the original follow-up. Cause-specific mortality rates for seven causes
      of death potentially related to cadmium exposure were compared between the
      overall cohort and U.S. white males and between subgroups. Mortality from
      respiratory cancer and from nonmalignant gastrointestinal disease was
      significantly greater among the cadmium workers than would have been expected
      from U.S. rates. All deaths from lung cancer occurred among workers employed for
      2 or more years. A statistically significant dose-response relationship was
      observed between lung cancer mortality and cumulative exposure to cadmium. A 50%
      increase in lung cancer mortality, which was not statistically significant, was
      observed even among workers whose cumulative exposure to cadmium was between 41
      and 200 micrograms/m3 over 40 years. Since the previous investigation, no new
      deaths from prostate cancer and no excess of deaths from nonmalignant respiratory
      disease have been observed.

PMID- 3856047
TI  - Detection of monoclonal antibodies for tumor diagnosis with the use of inhibition
      of micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - A micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test and an ELISA inhibition
      test were developed and used to detect 4 monoclonal antibodies potentially useful
      for serodiagnosis of cancer. The 4 antibodies used in conjunction detected 73% of
      71 sera from cancer patients and 8% of 42 sera from normal persons. Separately,
      the 4 antibodies reacted to tumors from various sites such as lung, breast,
      colon, stomach, and ovary. The ELISA inhibition assay may be useful for detecting
      culture supernatants reactive against tumor-associated serum antigens.
      Eventually, a panel of monoclonal antibodies detecting various tumors may be
      obtainable.

PMID- 3856048
TI  - Response to doxorubicin of cultured normal and cancerous human mammary epithelial
      cells.
AB  - Epithelial cells were isolated and cultured from a number of human mammary
      specimens of both cancerous and noncancerous origin. Doxorubicin (Dx) sensitivity
      was measured at second passage with the use of a highly efficient clonogenic
      assay. For 23 different tumor specimens derived from patients without previous
      chemotherapy, the drug concentrations required to kill 50% of the cells varied
      approximately 35-fold. In contrast, for 11 tumor specimens from patients who
      relapsed after regimens containing Dx, the drug concentration for 50% survival
      varied only fivefold and the dose-response curves for these specimens clustered
      at the more resistant end of the spectrum. A wide range of sensitivities was also
      observed among 13 noncancerous mammary specimens; however, tumor tissue and
      noncancerous tissue from the same donor were similar. When cultures were
      subjected to drug incubation periods of 1 and 4 hours, dose-response curves were
      superimposable when plotted as a function of drug concentration multiplied by
      time.

PMID- 3856049
TI  - Natural killer inhibitory substance produced by the peritoneal cells of patients
      with ovarian cancer.
AB  - Peritoneal cells obtained from 8 patients with minimal residual ovarian cancer
      produced a substance during in vitro culture that markedly inhibited the
      expression of natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis. Its molecular weight was
      less than 2,000, the same size as the NK-inhibiting substance (NK-IS), a similar
      NK-suppressive molecule produced by the peritoneal cells of rats. Human NK-IS
      suppressed the expression of antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity as well as NK
      lysis, but it had no effect on erythrocyte-rosette formation and was not
      cytotoxic to peripheral blood lymphocytes or cell fractions enriched for large
      granular lymphocytes. NK-IS inhibited lysis mediated by interferon-activated
      lymphocytes and completely prevented NK activation when used in a preincubation.
      During intraperitoneal immunotherapy with Corynebacterium parvum, an agent that
      can activate peritoneal cytotoxic effectors, the production of NK-IS by
      peritoneal cells decreased considerably. Human peritoneal cells produce an NK-IS
      similar to the peritoneal cells of rats, and this material may create an
      environment within the peritoneal cavity that is permissive to the growth of NK
      sensitive tumor cells.

PMID- 3856050
TI  - Risk factors for male breast cancer.
AB  - To investigate risk factors in male breast cancer, a case-control study of 52
      histologically diagnosed cases and 52 controls--matched for age, race, marital
      status, and hospital--was conducted in 5 U.S. metropolitan areas. Cases were
      significantly more likely to be Jewish than were the controls, supporting earlier
      suggestions of an increased risk in Jewish males. A significant association of
      male breast cancer with mumps infections at age 20 years or older, along with the
      possible association with antecedent testicular injury and the excess frequency
      of mumps orchitis among cases, suggests that testicular factors may be important
      in the development of breast cancer among males. An increased frequency of breast
      cancer among persons who have worked in blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
      mills is of interest because of the possible testicular effect of high
      environmental temperatures. The observed association between breast cancer and a
      prior history of swollen breast is difficult to interpret because of potential
      recall bias, and a possible relationship with military service needs further
      confirmation.

PMID- 3856051
TI  - Development of resistance to MOPC-315 plasmacytoma after intralesional and
      intraperitoneal melphalan therapy of tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. II. Enhancement
      of in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxicity by combined chemotherapy-immunotherapy.
AB  - As previously reported, tumor-bearing BALB/c mice can be cured by split-course
      melphalan therapy, with 40-60% of the treated animals developing resistance to
      subsequent challenge with viable MOPC-315. The present study deals with the
      identification of effector-cytotoxic cells that may be developed as a result of
      chemotherapy-induced tumor regression and their possible potentiation by active,
      specific immunization with melphalan- and glutaraldehyde-treated MOPC-315
      plasmacytoma cells. The cytotoxic potential of spleen-derived lymphocytes in
      treated animals could be demonstrated only after in vitro sensitization against
      mitomycin-treated MOPC-315 cells. Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, as measured
      against syngeneic 51Cr-labeled MOPC-315, could be detected in melphalan-cured
      animals and was significantly enhanced by active immunization as compared to the
      cytotoxicity seen in normal and tumor-bearing mice. With the use of M109
      syngeneic, unrelated tumor cells as control targets in the assay, no cytotoxicity
      was detected. Macrophage cytotoxicity was not significantly enhanced in any of
      the treatment groups described, with these assays performed 6-8 weeks following
      treatment and cure. When in vitro killing of MOPC-315 targets was tested with the
      use of peritoneal macrophages harvested shortly following cure of ascitic tumor
      by ip injected melphalan, the cytotoxic response was significantly enhanced. In
      conclusion, following chemotherapy-mediated cure of established MOPC-315 tumors,
      splenic lymphocytes exhibited enhanced antitumor cytotoxicity, which was further
      augmented by active immunization. Macrophage activation, as measured by direct
      cytotoxicity against MOPC-315 targets, was found to occur locally and early
      following the event of melphalan-induced tumor regression.

PMID- 3856052
TI  - Increase in tumor vascular area due to increased blood flow by angiotensin II in
      rats.
AB  - For further elucidation of the microhemodynamics in tumor tissue, the "vascular
      level," percentage of the vascular area to tissue area, was measured in DONRYU
      rats. Changes in the vascular level due to angiotensin II were analyzed by a
      point-counting method in normal and tumor tissues within a rat transparent
      chamber. The vascular level in normal subcutis changed from 21.8 to 18.6% when
      the mean arterial pressure was elevated from 102.3 to 155.9 mmHg. The coefficient
      of change due to angiotensin II was 0.85. The vascular level in tumor tissue was
      distributed inhomogeneously from 0 to 48.5% with an average of 19.7%. It
      increased to 33.9% (range: 8.7-57.6%) with an elevation of the mean arterial
      blood pressure from 103.5 to 150.8 mmHg. The coefficient of change due to
      angiotensin II was 2.08 in tumor tissue. Moreover, the tumor vascular level
      increased at a higher rate in the areas with a lower vascular level.

PMID- 3856053
TI  - Effects of molybdenum and tungsten on mammary carcinogenesis in SD rats.
AB  - Virgin female rats of the SD strain were fed ad libitum a nutritionally adequate
      semipurified diet and demineralized water (groups 1 and 2), or the same diet with
      10 ppm molybdenum (group 3) or 150 ppm tungsten (group 4) added to the drinking
      water. The animals in groups 2-4 received a single iv injection of 5 mg N-nitroso
      N-methylurea (NMU; CAS: 684-93-5)/100 g body weight at 50 days of age. One
      hundred and twenty-five days after the NMU treatment, group 2 exhibited a 50.0%
      incidence of mammary carcinoma. Group 4 exhibited a significant increase in
      carcinoma incidence (79.2%) and the value for group 3 (45.5%) was not
      significantly different from that of group 2. The carcinoma incidence of group 3
      (50.0%) was significantly lower than that of group 2 (90.5%) or group 4 (95.7%)
      198 days after NMU treatment.

PMID- 3856054
TI  - Retardation of prostate tumor progression in the Noble rat by 4-methyl-4-aza
      steroidal inhibitors of 5 alpha-reductase.
AB  - The effect of 4-methyl-4-aza-steroidal inhibitors of 5 alpha-reductase has been
      evaluated on tumor growth in the Noble rat model of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The
      growth characteristics of the tumor line 2Pr-121D(1) were consistent with
      heterogeneity of cell types, composed of androgen-sensitive and androgen
      insensitive malignant cells. Both sodium 4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5 alpha-pregnane-20
      (s)-carboxylate and 17 beta-N,N-diethylcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5 and 17 beta-N,N
      diethylcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one significantly retarded
      tumor progression. Each agent increased tumor volume doubling time by
      approximately 62%. On the basis of their similarities to female rats and male
      castrate group, in terms of growth rate, tumor doubling time, and histologic
      characteristics, the treatments with the 4-methyl-4-aza-steroids appeared to
      produce effects common to both castration and estrogenization (chronic
      administration of pharmacologic doses of estrogen). The failure of 5 alpha
      reductase inhibitors to be active as antiprostatic agents in vivo has hitherto
      detracted from their use of therapeutic agents. Present studies demonstrate that
      the 4-methyl-4-aza-steroidal inhibitors of 5 alpha-reductase may represent an
      alternative to orchiectomy and chronic estrogen therapy for the management of the
      hormone-dependent phase of prostate cancer.

PMID- 3856055
TI  - Toxic chemicals in marine sediment and biota from Mukilteo, Washington:
      relationships with hepatic neoplasms and other hepatic lesions in English sole
      (Parophrys vetulus).
AB  - High prevalences of idiopathic liver lesions, including 7.5% hepatic neoplasms
      (e.g., hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinomas) and 16.7% foci of
      cellular alteration (putative preneoplastic hepatic lesions), were found in
      English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from waters near Mukilteo, a small community on
      Puget Sound in Washington State. Sediments from the sampling sites contained
      particularly high concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons. Substantially lower
      concentrations of these compounds were found in sediments from another Puget
      Sound (reference) site in which fish showed no evidence of hepatic neoplasms or
      foci of cellular alteration. Stomach contents from the fish at Mukilteo contained
      substantially higher concentrations of the chemicals than did stomach contents of
      fish from the relatively uncontaminated site. High concentrations of metabolites
      of aromatic compounds were measured in the bile of fish from Mukilteo. These
      findings support previously observed relationships between sediment chemicals
      (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbons) and high prevalences of liver lesions in English
      sole from Puget Sound. In addition, a dietary route of uptake by English sole of
      environmental chemicals, including known carcinogens, was documented.

PMID- 3856056
TI  - Chemoprotective effect of progesterone on carcinoma formation in mice and rats.
AB  - The protective effect of progesterone on the development of chemically induced
      carcinomas (squamous cell carcinomas in mice and basal cell carcinomas in rats)
      by 3-methylcholanthrene [(MCA) CAS: 56-49-5] was studied. Progesterone
      administration decreased the average number, size, and weight of carcinomas by 45
      50% as compared to those of tumors treated with MCA alone at any time interval.
      DNA radioactivity and autoradiographic studies with the use of [3H]thymidine
      showed an inhibition of DNA synthesis in the neoplastic cell nuclei following a
      concomitant administration of progesterone and MCA (18.4%) as compared to the DNA
      synthesis following administration of MCA alone (35.0%). Electron microscopic and
      cytologic observations revealed salient ultrastructural findings following
      progesterone administration, with advanced cytolysis, tumefied mitochondria,
      large populations of secondary lysosomes, and autophagic formations; also, cell
      differentiation tended to be of a glandular-adenomatoid type following
      progesterone and MCA administration as compared to the characteristic squamous
      cell and basal cell carcinomas after treatment with MCA alone. In addition,
      scanning electron microscopic observations revealed advanced cytolytic areas with
      several disintegrated neoplastic cells and cell debris intermingled with red
      blood cells, following progesterone and MCA administration. The present findings
      demonstrate that progesterone in pharmacologic doses exerts important
      chemoprotective effects on carcinoma formation, possibly by interfering with MCA
      metabolism and inhibiting DNA synthesis in the epidermal neoplastic cells, and
      thus plays an important role in tumorigenesis.

PMID- 3856057
TI  - Comparative tumor-promoting activities of phenobarbital, amobarbital, barbital
      sodium, and barbituric acid on livers and other organs of male F344/NCr rats
      following initiation with N-nitrosodiethylamine.
AB  - Tumor-promoting abilities of four barbiturates, phenobarbital [(PB) CAS: 50-06
      6], amobarbital [(AB) CAS: 57-43-2], barbital sodium [(BB) CAS: 144-02-5], and
      barbituric acid [(BA) CAS: 67-52-7], on the development of neoplasms in livers
      and other organs of rats following initiation with N-nitrosodiethylamine [(DENA)
      CAS: 55-18-5] were compared. Four-week-old F344/NCr male rats were given a single
      ip injection of 75 mg DENA/kg body weight. Beginning 2 weeks later, they were
      given either tap water (group 1) or drinking water containing 500 ppm of PB
      (group 2), the sodium salt of BB (group 3), AB (group 4), or BA (group 5) for the
      remaining experimental period. Control groups (groups 6-10) received an ip
      injection of saline alone and 2 weeks later were given either tap water or
      drinking water containing barbiturates as listed above. Animals were sacrificed
      at either 52 weeks or 78 weeks. None of the barbiturates altered the growth and
      survival of animals. PB and BB increased liver weights and significantly enhanced
      the development of hepatocellular foci and hepatocellular adenomas at 52 weeks
      and hepatocellular foci, hepatocellular adenomas, and trabecular carcinomas at 78
      weeks in DENA-treated rats. No such enhancing effects were observed with AB or
      BA. PB or BB did not significantly enhance the incidence of nonhepatic tumors at
      52 weeks. However, at 78 weeks BB significantly enhanced the development of renal
      tubular adenomas and carcinomas, while PB enhanced the development of thyroid
      follicular cell neoplasms in DENA-treated rats. These results clearly showed that
      barbiturates exhibited structure-promoting activity relationships and that their
      promoting abilities were not restricted to liver alone. Substitution of both
      hydrogen atoms at the C-5 position of the pyrimidine ring by alkyl or aryl groups
      appears to be essential but not sufficient for tumor-promoting activity of
      barbiturates.

PMID- 3856058
TI  - Sunlight suppressing rejection of 280- to 320-nm UV-radiation-induced skin tumors
      in mice.
AB  - Repeated exposure of female C3H/HeNCR- mice to sunlight prevented the normal
      immunologic rejection of a UV-induced tumor. This systemic immunologic alteration
      was transferred to syngeneic lethally X-irradiated animals with lymphoid cells
      from mice exposed to sunlight. The lymphoid cells also were able to suppress the
      capacity of lymphoid cells from normal animals to reject a UV-induced tumor. The
      295- to 320-nm wave band appeared to be responsible for this immunosuppressive
      effect of sunlight because suppression was prevented by filtration of the
      radiation through Mylar and by application of a sunscreen containing para
      aminobenzoic acid. These observations may have importance in understanding the
      pathogenesis of sunlight-induced skin cancer in humans.

PMID- 3856059
TI  - Spontaneous tumor incidence in female brown Norway rats after lifelong diets high
      and low in linoleic acid.
AB  - High linoleic acid (C18:2) (group I; 17.7 cal%) and low C18:2 (group II; 3.3
      cal%) diets were given to groups of inbred Brown Norway virgin female rats (100
      animals/group), during their whole life-span. A total of 140 tumors were found in
      group I and 123 tumors in group II; the median survival times of the 2 groups
      were 124.2 and 118.5 weeks, respectively. Total spontaneous tumor incidence and
      median survival times were not significantly different. However, significant
      differences were found in the incidences of some specific tumors: The numbers of
      reticuloendothelial tumors and adrenocortical carcinomas were significantly
      higher in the group of animals receiving the low-C18:2 diet. A high incidence of
      tumor multiplicity, however, resulted in a significantly greater number of
      mammary tumors in the high-C18:2 diet group.

PMID- 3856060
TI  - Coffee and methylxanthines and breast cancer: a case-control study.
AB  - A dietary case-control study based on 818 newly diagnosed breast cancer (BC)
      patients was conducted in Israel between 1975 and 1978. The role of coffee and
      total methylxanthine intake from coffee, tea, cola, chocolate, and cocoa drinks
      was evaluated in the BC patients as compared to that in two matched control
      populations [surgical controls (SC) and neighborhood controls (NC)]. Because it
      has been suggested that caffeine enhances mammary carcinogenesis in rats fed high
      polyunsaturated fat diets, analysis was done also in relation to fat consumption.
      When comparison was done to both matched control groups, a nonsignificant
      negative association was found between consumption of cups of coffee and BC (odds
      ratios of greater than or equal to 4 cups of coffee/day vs. less than or equal to
      1 per week = 0.6 for BC/NC and 0.7 for BC/SC). This association was observed in
      all 3 ethnic subgroups studied. The pattern was stronger among the high-fat
      consumers after controlling for several hormonal confounding factors (two-tailed
      P-value for linear trend = 0.06 for SC and P = 0.05 for NC). In addition, when
      the consumption of methylxanthine of BC patients was compared to that of benign
      breast patients, adjusted by age and ethnic group, a diminished risk was found
      (odds ratio for BC of the highest level of methylxanthine vs. lowest level =
      0.59).

PMID- 3856061
TI  - Production and characterization of tumor-degenerating factor.
AB  - Degenerative changes of human tumor cells or continuous cell lines occur when
      they are cocultured with human embryonic fibroblasts. The present study confirmed
      that the degenerative changes of the target cells were due to a factor secreted
      from the human fibroblast culture, because the culture supernatant of human
      fibroblast caused the same degenerative changes as those induced by the
      coculture. This factor was termed "tumor-degenerating factor" (TDF). TDF was
      produced in the fibroblast culture as early as the 1st day and increased
      gradually up to the 8th day. TDF induced the degenerative changes in human KB
      cells, HeLa cells, FL cells, and PLC/PRF/5 cells but not in human WiDr cells or
      in fibroblasts. Also, it did not induce the degenerative changes in various
      murine cells, bovine cells, rabbit cells, or monkey cells, suggesting that TDF
      has species specificity. Furthermore, human leukocyte interferon enhanced the
      activity of TDF. TDF with the specific activity of 2.9 U/mg protein was purified
      by several chromatographies. At a final recovery rate of 14.6%, the specific
      activity was increased to 9,010 U/mg protein. Its molecular weight was estimated
      about 26,500-30,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      TDF was relatively stable to heat treatment.

PMID- 3856062
TI  - Kinetics and function of tumor cytotoxic factor(s) produced by human blood
      monocytes activated to the tumoricidal state.
AB  - Human monocytes obtained from healthy volunteers and isolated by centrifugal
      elutriation were not cytotoxic to allogeneic tumorigenic cells. These freshly
      isolated monocytes were rendered tumoricidal following interaction in vitro for
      24 hours with greater than 0.01 micrograms lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ml or over 1
      microgram nor-muramyl dipeptide/ml. Monocytes activated by this procedure
      produced a soluble factor that lysed tumor cells. Full expression of tumor cell
      lysis required a minimum of 18 hours' exposure of tumor cells to the factor. The
      degree of tumor cytotoxic factor (TCF) production was closely related to the
      intensity of monocyte activation to become tumoricidal. Significant production of
      TCF by monocytes was detected in the supernatants after treatment for 3 hours
      with LPS. TCF was also released by activated monocytes when cocultivated with
      tumorigenic cells. Similarly, the level of TCF production correlated with the
      monocyte density. TCF destroyed human allogeneic tumor cell lines (melanoma,
      glioblastoma, colon carcinoma, prostatic carcinoma, and breast carcinoma), but it
      did not affect nontumorigenic cell lines (lung and skin fibroblasts). TCF
      activity was not blocked by superoxide dismutase, catalase, or protease
      inhibitors; it was destroyed by being heated at 100 degrees C for 2 minutes. The
      ability of activated monocytes to release TCF could enhance host defense against
      cancer.

PMID- 3856063
TI  - Expression of YBB 3/10 antigen in human tumor colon cell lines and its induction
      by N,N-dimethylformamide.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (YBB 3/10) raised against rat small intestinal brush border
      membranes defined a high-molecular-weight antigen present on the surface membrane
      of the epithelial cells in fetal and newborn rat small intestine but appeared
      specific for the undifferentiated crypt cells in adult rat small intestine. In
      rat colon and rectum, expression of the YBB 3/10 antigen was limited to a
      specific period of development, from day 17 to 18 of gestation in the fetus to
      the first few days after birth. This antigen was detected in 11 of 12 human tumor
      intestinal cell lines. By immunofluorescent staining, it was found present only
      in subsets of the cultured tumor cells appearing as colonies of variable size. In
      contrast, it could not be detected in a large panel of normal rat and human cell
      lines. Expression of the YBB 3/10 antigen could be induced in the only negative
      colon tumor cell line (DLD-1 cells) by treatment with N,N-dimethylformamide (CAS:
      68-12-2). These results suggested that the YBB 3/10 antigen represented a marker
      for the differentiated state of human colon tumor cells and that it would be
      useful to investigate the relationship between the state of cell differentiation
      and the pattern of development of small and large intestine during fetal and
      postnatal life.

PMID- 3856064
TI  - Augmentation of hematoporphyrin uptake and in vitro-growth inhibition of L1210
      leukemia cells by succinylacetone.
AB  - Succinylacetone (SA; 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid), a specific inhibitor of delta
      aminolevulinic acid dehydrase (ALAD) (the second enzyme of the heme biosynthetic
      pathway), was tested for its effect in L1210 cells from inbred DBA/2 mice. ALAD
      from broken L1210 cells was completely inhibited by 1 microM SA, but in whole
      cells activity was decreased only 83% after incubation of the cells with 2.5 mM
      SA for 3 days. When incubated with hematoporphyrin (HP), L1210 cells rapidly took
      up porphyrin from the medium, and this uptake could be augmented by pretreatment
      of the cells with SA; but this enhancement of porphyrin uptake occurred gradually
      over a period of days. When SA-treated and untreated L1210 cells were incubated
      with increasing concentrations of HP in the medium, SA-treated cells reached the
      saturation concentration of cellular porphyrin at lower medium HP concentrations
      than did untreated cells. Growth of L1210 cells could be inhibited by 2 mM SA or
      more. Addition of increasing amounts of serum to cultures of cells containing SA
      did not reverse the growth inhibition due to SA. Porphyrin uptake from HP in the
      medium in nonmalignant fibroblast line 3T3 was much lower than in L1210 cells and
      could not be enhanced by incubation of the cells with SA.

PMID- 3856065
TI  - Effect of 514.5-nm argon ion laser radiation on hematoporphyrin derivative
      treated bladder tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - The therapeutic effect of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) plus 514.5-nm argon
      ion laser radiation was compared to HpD plus 630-nm argon ion laser-pumped dye
      laser radiation in experimental urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma
      models. Cultured human bladder cancer cells (EJ) containing HpD were 2.8-fold
      more sensitive to 514.5-nm radiation than to 630-nm radiation as measured by
      clonogenic capacity. The relative effectiveness of 514.5-nm versus 630-nm light
      was approximately proportional to the spectral absorbance for cell-bound HpD at
      these wavelengths. HpD-sensitized photoirradiation was studied in solid tumors
      produced by a) the subcutaneous inoculation of cells from murine bladder tumors
      induced by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazoyl]formamide (CAS: 24554-26-5) into
      female C3H mice (MBT-2 tumor) and b) the intravesical instillation of N-methyl-N
      nitrosourea (CAS: 684-93-5) into the urinary bladders of female Wistar rats. The
      tumors were exposed to 144 J/cm2 laser light 24-48 hours following ip injection
      of 20 mg HpD/kg body weight. By 24-48 hours, animals that received HpD and light
      of either wavelength had partially or completely necrosed tumors. Control groups
      showed no necrotic changes. Regression of MBT-2 tumors was also investigated.
      Seven of 14 and 6 of 12 animals had nonpalpable tumors 1 week after treatment
      with 514.5-nm and 630-nm light, respectively. Tumors in control groups
      demonstrated no regression. Spectral transmittance from 630 nm to 514.5 nm
      decreased by about 4% for 130- to 160-micron-thick sections of canine urothelium
      and bladder submucosa-muscularis. The results of this study indicate that HpD
      plus 514.5-nm laser radiation may be an effective treatment for small or
      superficial malignant lesions of the urinary bladder.

PMID- 3856066
TI  - Stimulation of proliferation in mixed cultures of mouse tumor cells and nonimmune
      peritoneal cells. I. Occurrence of stimulation and cyclical variation in tumor
      cell activity.
AB  - Mixtures of mouse tumor cells and resident peritoneal cells (PC) from nonimmune
      mice frequently incorporated [methyl-3H]thymidine [( 3H]dThd) in culture to a far
      greater extent than did either cell population alone. With PC-to-tumor cell
      ratios of 10:1, stimulation indices of up to 21 were recorded. Syngeneic,
      semisyngeneic, and allogeneic mixtures were active. PC elicited by thioglycollate
      or proteose-peptone could participate in the reaction. PC from mice injected with
      Corynebacterium parvum also could do so, provided they were precultured for 48
      hours. Normal mouse spleen cells and fibroblasts and human Chang cells were
      inactive. There was considerable variation between experiments in the extent of
      stimulation observed, even with the same tumor. When tumors were cloned in vitro,
      freshly isolated clones differed widely in the extent of stimulation. Individual
      clones studied over a period of time varied markedly and cyclically in the degree
      of stimulation they exhibited in mixed cultures. This variation appeared to be
      unrelated to the density of the cultures from which the clones were obtained, to
      the base-line incorporation of [3H]dThd by tumor cells alone, or to the frequency
      of passage in vitro. It is suggested that the cyclical variation may be related
      to the generation of variant cells, which could be important in tumor progression
      and metastasis.

PMID- 3856067
TI  - Thymus lymphocytes in rats during induction of bladder tumors and effects of
      thymosin fraction 5 in vitro.
AB  - Bladder tumors were induced in Wistar rats by oral administration of N-butyl-N-(4
      hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine [(BBN) CAS: 3817-11-6], after which changes in bladder
      mucous membranes and in the response of thymus lymphocytes to concanavalin A (Con
      A) were studied. The response of thymus lymphocytes to Con A began to decrease
      from the 8th week after BBN administration, with changes such as hypertrophy or
      vascular formation in the bladder membrane. The response decreased markedly from
      the 15th week, when the tumors became visible. At about the 20th week,
      approximately 95% of the rats had bladder tumors. When thymus lymphocytes were
      pretreated with thymosin fraction 5 extracted from calf thymus, the response to
      Con A improved between the 8th and 20th weeks. When the thymus small-lymphocyte
      population was separated into lighter, intermediate, and heavier subpopulations
      by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation and an adhesion column, the
      effect of thymosin fraction 5 was much greater in the lighter subpopulation.

PMID- 3856068
TI  - Acute effects of dietary cholic acid and methylazoxymethanol acetate on colon
      epithelial cell proliferation; metabolism of bile salts and neutral sterols in
      conventional and germfree SD rats.
AB  - The acute effects of cholic acid ingestion on methylazoxymethanol acetate [(MAM)
      CAS: 592-62-1]-treated conventional and germfree rats were investigated. Male SD
      rats were divided into 4 treatment groups. The first group received control chow;
      the second group, control chow plus 0.5% cholic acid; the third group, control
      chow plus MAM; and the fourth group, control chow plus 0.5% cholic acid plus MAM.
      Fecal bile acids, cholesterol, cholesteral degradation products, and neutral
      sterols, as well as labeling indices and numbers of epithelial cells per crypt
      column, were measured after 6 weeks of treatment. The administration of MAM to
      germfree groups diminished both fecal bulk and the amount of fecal water. MAM did
      not affect the fecal bile acid composition. Analysis of the fecal bile acids in
      conventional rats fed cholic acid demonstrated that half of the bile acids were
      in a form of deoxycholic acid. In the germfree groups fed cholic acid, 90% of the
      bile acids appeared unaltered in the feces. Neither in the germfree nor in the
      conventional groups was an effect seen of MAM on the output of fecal neutral
      sterols. The addition of cholic acid to the food decreased the output of neutral
      sterols both in the conventional (P less than .001) and in the germfree (P less
      than .02) animals. The germfree animals showed a reduced amount of neutral
      steroid excretion (P less than .01) when compared to the findings for the
      conventional groups. MAM had no influence on the fecal cholesterol or coprostanol
      output. The consumption of 0.5% cholic acid decreased the total output of
      cholesterol (P less than .05). The excretion of coprostanol was significantly
      diminished in the conventional rats fed cholic acid (P less than .001). No
      difference in labeling indices was observed between conventional and germfree
      rats, whether treated with cholic acid, MAM, or cholic acid plus MAM. However,
      all germfree groups showed less epithelial cells per crypt column (P less than
      .001) than did conventional animals.

PMID- 3856069
TI  - Inverse correlation between tumor incidence and tissue histamine levels in W/WV,
      WV/+, and +/+ mice.
AB  - The influence of mast cells on tumor incidence and growth rate was studied in 2
      grafted tumor models (fibrosarcoma MC-B6-1 and the Lewis lung carcinoma 3LL).
      Three kinds of WBB6F1 mice (a cross between WB/ReJ-W/+ and C57BL/6J-WV/+ mice)
      were used: W/WV (deeply mast cell depleted), WV/+ (partially mast cell depleted),
      and +/+ (normal mast cell number). The presumed resistance of F1 hybrids to tumor
      cells of parental origin was observed in 12 of 13 +/+ mice, but only in 11 of 22
      WV/+ mice and in none of 39 W/WV mice. Tumor incidence and metastasis incidence
      were inversely correlated with tissue histamine levels and mast cell number.
      Growth rates of tumors were similar in W/WV and WV/+ mice, but the tumor growth
      rate was much slower in the only +/+ mouse in which the tumor grew. These results
      confirm the protective role of mast cells against tumors.

PMID- 3856070
TI  - Antitumor activity of the DNA fraction from Mycobacterium bovis BCG. II. Effects
      on various syngeneic mouse tumors.
AB  - MY-1, a fraction extracted from BCG and composed of 70.0% DNA and 28.0% RNA, was
      examined for its antitumor activity against 9 different syngeneic mouse tumors.
      Tumor regression was induced in almost all of the mice bearing any of five kinds
      of solid tumors by repeated intralesional injections of 100 micrograms MY-1. When
      cells of some tumors were inoculated intradermally together with MY-1, tumor
      growth was suppressed, lung metastases were inhibited, and the survival times of
      mice bearing 1 of 3 leukemic tumors were prolonged. Repeated sc injections with
      MY-1 in sites remote from tumor cell inoculation or repeated iv injections were
      more or less effective against three kinds of solid tumors. Mice inoculated with
      Lewis lung carcinoma cells in a hind footpad and whose legs were amputated 9 days
      later were given iv or sc injections of MY-1 every other day (8 times in total),
      resulting in substantial prolongation of survival. No direct cytotoxicity of MY-1
      for these tumors could be shown in three kinds of experiments, which indicates
      that the antitumor mechanism of MY-1 is host mediated. MY-1 was equally effective
      in mice with or without presensitization with BCG, whereas BCG was much more
      effective in BCG-sensitized mice. This finding suggests that a delayed-type
      hypersensitivity reaction elicited by BCG protein is not required for the
      antitumor activity of MY-1.

PMID- 3856071
TI  - Effects of carcinogen dosage on experimental colonic carcinogenesis by
      azoxymethane: an ultrastructural study of grossly normal colonic mucosa.
AB  - The transmission electron microscopic features of grossly normal colonic mucosa
      in the azoxymethane [(AOM) CAS: 25843-45-2]-treated rat model of colonic
      carcinogenesis were studied by the method of concomitant variation. Ten-week-old
      male F344 rats were given 10 weekly sc injections of AOM at doses of 3, 7, or 14
      mg/kg body weight and were killed 1 week or 15 weeks after the last AOM dose.
      Grossly normal distal left colon was examined using transmission electron
      microscopy. Three transient dose-dependent features of colonic epithelial cells
      were identified: a) mitochondrial injury, b) nuclear pleomorphism and loss of
      polarity, and c) increased numbers of mitotic figures in the lower third of the
      crypts. Because these dose-dependent features were present only shortly after AOM
      administration, they appeared to be manifestations of carcinogen toxicity and
      associated reactive, regenerative epithelial changes. By contrast, four
      persistent dose-dependent features were identified: a) increased numbers of
      epithelial cells with enlarged nucleoli, b) increased numbers of mitotic figures
      in the middle third of crypts, c) reduced numbers of goblet cells, and d) reduced
      numbers of apical cytoplasmic vacuoles in the upper third of the crypts. Because
      these features persisted in a dose-dependent manner for many weeks after the last
      dose of AOM and were present after the latent period to tumor formation, they
      appear to be morphologic precursors to colonic carcinogenesis in the model.

PMID- 3856072
TI  - Effect of a high-protein-low-carbohydrate diet on toxicity and antitumor activity
      of 5-fluorouracil in mice.
AB  - The effect of different levels of dietary protein on 5-fluorouracil (FUra)
      toxicity and antitumor activity was assessed in female (BALB/c X DBA/2Ha)F1
      (CDF1) and BALB/c mice bearing the P1798 lymphosarcoma. In the toxicity
      experiments, CDF1 mice were fed diets containing 5% [low protein (LP)], 20%
      [normal protein (NP)], or 60% [high protein (HP)] casein for 22 days and were
      then given a single ip injection of 275 mg FUra/kg. As determined by effects on
      the white blood cell count and by changes in body weight, FUra was least toxic in
      mice fed the HP diet. Moreover, mortality was 77.0, 42.9, and 11.4% for mice fed
      the LP, NP, and HP diets, respectively. In the antitumor studies, BALB/c mice
      bearing the P1798 lymphosarcoma were fed one of the 3 diets starting 5 days after
      transplant. Mice were given injections of 50 mg FUra/kg or the vehicle control on
      days 14 and 15 after transplant. As measured by tumor weights on day 16, FUra was
      least effective in mice fed the LP diet and most effective in mice fed the NP and
      HP diets. Survival time of mice given injections of FUra on days 14 and 15 was
      increased when compared to the survival time of control mice, but no difference
      in the percent increase in survival time was noted among the 3 dietary groups. If
      mice were given two cycles of FUra therapy (days 14 and 15 and days 20 and 21),
      mice fed the HP diet survived significantly longer than did mice fed the LP or NP
      diet. These data demonstrate that the feeding of an HP diet markedly decreases
      the toxicity of FUra while preserving or actually enhancing the antitumor effect.

PMID- 3856073
TI  - High incidences of pheochromocytomas after long-term administration of retinol
      acetate to F344/DuCrj rats.
AB  - The carcinogenicity of retinol acetate [(RAC) CAS: 127-47-9], a synthetic
      derivative of retinol, was tested by continuous oral administration in the
      drinking water of F344/DuCrj rats for 104 weeks. Groups of 50 male and 50 female
      rats were given solutions of 0.25 or 0.125% RAC in the form of gelatinized
      beadlets suspended in distilled water. Control groups consisting of the same
      numbers of rats were given 0.25% of placebo beadlets. All of the surviving
      animals were killed at 108 weeks, 4 weeks after the cessation of the RAC
      treatments. The survival rates were 72-84% and were sufficiently high for
      statistical comparison of all groups. Inhibition of body weight gain was marked
      in females of the high-dose group. Higher incidences of malignant
      pheochromocytomas, benign pheochromocytomas, and hyperplasias of the adrenal
      medulla were observed in the RAC-treated groups. The combined incidences of
      tumors of the adrenal medulla in males and females of the high-dose groups and
      the incidence in females of the low-dose group were significantly higher than the
      incidence in the controls. Conversely, statistically significant decreases were
      found in the incidences of the mammary gland tumors in males of the high-dose
      group, of thyroid tumors in females of the high-dose group, and of clitoral gland
      tumors in females of both high- and low-dose groups. It was concluded that RAC
      given orally possesses potential for increasing the incidence of
      pheochromocytomas in male and female F344 rats in a dose-related manner under the
      conditions of this bioassay.

PMID- 3856075
TI  - Synergism in carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3856074
TI  - Inhibitory effect of phenobarbital on the development of gliomas in WF rats
      treated neonatally with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of phenobarbital (PB) on
      the development of neurogenic tumors induced in WF rats by neonatal
      administration of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU; CAS: 759-73-9). Group I rats were
      given a single sc injection in the backs of 5 mg ENU/kg body weight within 24
      hours after birth. In group II, continuous oral administration of 0.05% PB in the
      drinking water was commenced 4 weeks after birth. Following neonatal injection of
      ENU, administration of PB was commenced 4 weeks after birth in group III. Rats in
      group IV served as untreated controls. All groups consisted of about an equal
      number of both sexes of rats. The experiment was terminated when the rats were 52
      weeks old. The incidence of all neurogenic tumors in both sexes combined was 11
      of 26 (42%) in group I and 3 of 22 (14%) in group III (P greater than .05). The
      incidence of gliomas alone was 10 of 26 (38%) in group I and 2 of 22 (9%) in
      group III (P less than .05). When females and males were evaluated separately,
      the incidence of gliomas in females was 7 of 13 (54%) in group I and 1 of 12
      (8.3%) in group III (P greater than .05), whereas in males, 3 of 13 (23%) in
      group I and 1 of 10 (10%) in group III (P greater than .05), the difference was
      not statistically significant. At the end of the experiment the mean serum level
      of PB in females (33.0 micrograms/ml) was significantly higher than that in males
      (19.8 micrograms/ml) (P less than .05). These data suggest an inhibitory effect
      of PB on the development of ENU-induced gliomas in female rats.

PMID- 3856077
TI  - Helping school-age children cope with Tourette syndrome.
AB  - Tourette Syndrome, a neurological "tic" disorder characterized by involuntary
      muscular movements and vocal sounds, can be psychologically devastating and
      unbearable for the school-age child. Through the help and support of educational
      and medical professionals, children and their families can learn to accept and
      cope with the uncontrollable, bizarre behavior of the Tourette Syndrome.

PMID- 3856076
TI  - The clinical validity of circulating tumor-associated antigens CEA and CA 19-9 in
      primary diagnosis and follow-up of patients with gastrointestinal malignancies.
AB  - The clinical validity of monitoring the tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen
      (CEA) and CA 19-9 were investigated in 602 patients with colorectal, gastric, and
      pancreatic carcinomas. Sensitivity and specificity of the tests were evaluated
      preoperatively as well as in the postoperative follow-up for early detection of
      disease progression and recurrence. At a 95% level of specificity as calculated
      from a group of 150 patients with benign diseases, the CEA test with monoclonal
      antibody had a preoperative sensitivity of 39% in colorectal cancer and 21% in
      gastric cancer. On the other hand, CA 19-9 had a sensitivity of 19% in colorectal
      cancer, 21% in gastric cancer, and 89% in pancreatic cancer. In the postoperative
      follow-up it was found that a combination of both tumor marker tests was most
      profitable in gastric carcinomas, yielding an increase of sensitivity from 59%
      94%, showing a high degree of complementarity. The gain in sensitivity provided
      by the CA 19-9 test over the CEA-test in colorectal cancer was very low. The gain
      in sensitivity, however, provided by the CEA test over the CA 19-9 test in
      pancreatic carcinoma was also very low. On the basis of these results it has to
      be recommended that cases with pancreatic carcinoma are to be monitored most
      efficiently with the CA 19-9 test, whereas in cases with colorectal cancer the
      CEA test should be used primarily. However, in gastric cancer the combined use of
      CEA and CA 19-9 represents a highly valuable basis for monitoring the course of
      disease.

PMID- 3856078
TI  - Tourette syndrome in the classroom: special problems, special needs.
AB  - Tourette Syndrome (TS) is an uncommon developmental disability characterized by
      repetitive and involuntary verbal and motor tics. A survey of all known
      affiliates of the Tourette Syndrome Association of Ohio was conducted to document
      the special problems and needs of the TS student. A total of 431 questionnaires
      was returned, and the types and frequency of interpersonal and academic school
      problems were found to be pervasive. Problems did not differ by grade level, but
      students medicating their TS symptoms experienced more problems. In most cases,
      current students described similar problems to adults, suggesting that recent
      attempts to provide optimal educational opportunities to all handicapped children
      have not been successful where TS is involved. The presence of a behavioral or
      learning disability diagnosis indicated that substantial percentages of
      respondents were in need of specialized educational services, but not all those
      in need were receiving them. Parents were generally satisfied with their child's
      education, but less satisfied when specialized education was involved.
      Suggestions are offered for more effectively dealing with the TS child in the
      classroom.

PMID- 3856079
TI  - Ibuprofen use in surgical periodontics.

PMID- 3856080
TI  - Intentional replantation: a 'viable' alternative to extraction or retreatment.

PMID- 3856081
TI  - Choosing dentistry for a career and professional development: what can be done to
      help students?

PMID- 3856082
TI  - Gypsum die materials: setting expansion & relative hardness.

PMID- 3856083
TI  - Amsacrine and etoposide induced paralytic ileus in a patient with acute
      myelomonocytic leukemia.
AB  - A 73-year-old man with acute myelomonocytic leukemia developed a severe paralytic
      ileus after amsacrine and etoposide treatment. The ileus did not respond to
      treatment with gastric suction and intravenous fluids. Autonomic neuropathy
      induced by anti-neoplastic drugs may lead to this life-threatening condition.

PMID- 3856085
TI  - 14th annual UCLA symposia. Perspectives in inflammation, neoplasia and vascular
      cell biology. February 2-8, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3856084
TI  - Hormonal evaluation in patients with osteosarcoma.
AB  - Aspects of growth regulation were studied in patients with osteosarcoma to
      ascertain if hormonal imbalance is associated with this disease. Thirty-nine
      evaluated patients were of normal height for their ages. During the oral glucose
      tolerance test, carbohydrate intolerance was demonstrated in seven of 18
      patients, while growth hormone was slightly elevated in four of 17 patients.
      Serum somatomedin activity (SMA) was elevated in seven of nine patients. In one
      untreated patient in whom SMA was measured across the tumor bed, significant
      gradient of SMA was found; gel filtration of the sera at pH 2.4 revealed a
      typical SMA profile in the arterial serum and an additional high SMA peak in the
      venous serum. Among needle biopsy specimens incubated for 48 hours, SMA was
      released by the histologically viable tumors but not by the nonviable specimens.
      The data suggest that young patients with osteosarcoma have elevated SMA.

PMID- 3856086
TI  - 14th annual UCLA symposia. Monoclonal antibodies and cancer therapy. January 26
      February 2, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3856087
TI  - 14th annual UCLA symposia. Leukemia 1985. January 27-February 2, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3856088
TI  - ["Mixing type" and "light-curing type" composite resins for the molars].

PMID- 3856090
TI  - [Computers for dentists].

PMID- 3856089
TI  - [Nature of composite resins studied from the clinical standpoint].

PMID- 3856091
TI  - Trends and variability in survival among patients with osteosarcoma: a 7-year
      update.
AB  - This report is an update of a 1978 article on osteosarcoma in Mayo Clinic
      patients. It includes additional follow-up on previously reported cases and
      incorporates new cases treated since the time of that original study. From 1963
      through 1981, 336 patients with classic, previously untreated osteosarcoma
      received their first definitive treatment at our institution. Survival of these
      patients was studied in detail. The most significant result was that survival in
      the 1960s was much worse than that in the 1970s. The first evidence of
      improvement in survival was noted in 1969; subsequently, further improvement
      occurred but was not consistent. This finding prevailed with respect to duration
      of survival to death, survival to detection of metastasis, and survival from
      occurrence of metastasis to death. On the basis of detailed regression analysis,
      several variables had independent prognostic value. From these findings, a
      prognostic score was developed, which was based on the number of the following
      unfavorable characteristics: age younger than 10 years, male sex, tumor diameter
      more than 15 cm, cell type osteoblastic or chondroblastic, duration of symptoms 2
      months or less, and involvement of the femur or humerus. Patients with five or
      six of these unfavorable characteristics had a very poor survival; in contrast,
      patients with only one or two characteristics had a good outcome. Even when these
      scores were fairly constant, however, the calendar period had a strong influence
      on survival. Likewise, when treatment was considered and adjustments by score
      were made, no significant differences could be found between those patients
      treated by amputation only and those treated by amputation supplemented with
      chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

PMID- 3856092
TI  - "Marketplace medicine" or monopoly?

PMID- 3856093
TI  - Anxiety and pain control: a Missouri Dental Board report.

PMID- 3856094
TI  - The association of LDL receptor activity, LDL cholesterol level, and clinical
      course in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - Patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), reveal a marked
      heterogeneity in plasma cholesterol levels, response to diet as well as drug
      treatment, and clinical course. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activities
      were assessed by the rate of 14C-oleate cholesteryl ester biosynthesis in
      fibroblasts from 13 FH homozygotes in tissue culture. The receptor activity of
      the individual patients was highly correlated with initial pretreatment plasma
      cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels (P less than .001, r = -0.89). In
      addition, the LDL receptor activity was positively correlated with the age of
      onset of angina based on the Cox model (P less than .035, likelihood ratio =
      6.71). An association was also noted between LDL receptor activity and
      cholesterol reduction with drugs. These data provide direct evidence for the
      correlation between the heterogeneity of the LDL receptor and the expression of
      the clinical manifestations of homozygous FH. The determination of pretreatment
      plasma cholesterol level and LDL receptor activity in patients with homozygous FH
      provide useful parameters on which to base predictions of the clinical
      progression of cardiovascular disease. These parameters may also influence the
      selection of a program for diet and drug therapy. Patients with markedly elevated
      plasma cholesterol levels and very low LDL receptor activity should be considered
      to be candidates for multiple drug therapy, and portacaval shunt, and/or periodic
      plasma exchanges.

PMID- 3856095
TI  - A method for assay of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase from crude cell extract.
AB  - This is a method for detection and assay of CAT from Chloramphenicol resistant
      bacterial isolates. The procedure involved quantitative separation of both
      chloramphenicol acetate (CmA) and Chloramphenicol (Cm) from assay mixtures by
      adsorption chromatography on a neutral alumina column. The solvent system--2.5%
      methanol in benzene--was used for elution of CmA and methanol for Cm. This was
      followed by either colorimetric estimation of CmA by coupling with N--(1
      Naphthyl)--ethylene diamine HCL after zinc hydrocholoric acid reduction or by
      microbiological assay. In the latter method CmA was deacetylated by enzyme from
      chicken liver acetone powder. As low as 1 microgram of CmA could be determined by
      the described microbiological turbidimetric assay method.

PMID- 3856096
TI  - Kinetics of divalent monoclonal antibody binding to tumour cell surface antigens
      using flow cytometry: standardization and mathematical analysis.
AB  - Flow cytofluorimetric methods have been used to quantitate the interaction
      between a divalent monoclonal antibody and a tumour cell surface antigen. After
      standardization using fluorescein and 125I-labelled antibodies, kinetics of
      association and dissociation were measured, and antibody bound at equilibrium
      quantitated. A mathematical model was developed in conjunction with these
      experimental results which allowed the calculation of rates for monovalent
      association and monovalent and divalent dissociation, and a description of the
      contribution of each to the level of bound antibody at different antibody concns.

PMID- 3856097
TI  - Structural characterization of murine Ia antigen N-linked oligosaccharides and
      localization of specific structures to two unique alpha-chain glycosylation
      sites.
AB  - The sequence of N-linked oligosaccharides of differentially glycosylated murine I
      Ak alpha-(alpha 2- and alpha 3-) and beta-chains was determined. I-Ak beta-chains
      predominantly bear a biantennary complex oligosaccharide with a core fucose, and
      with the peripheral sequence SA----Gal----GlcNAc----Man. The I-Ak alpha-chain has
      two N-linked glycosylation sites at Asn-82 and Asn-122. When Lubrol-insoluble
      alpha 3-chains are examined they are found to bear high-mannose oligosaccharides
      of either the Man9GlcNAc2 or Man8GlcNAc2 type at both sites. When Lubrol-soluble
      alpha 2-chains are examined, in about 85% of the molecules the Asn-82 site bears
      a biantennary complex oligosaccharide with core fucose, and with the peripheral
      sequence SA----Gal----GlcNAc----Man. Interestingly, the Asn-122 site bears a
      variety of structures. In about 50% of the molecules, the structure at Asn-122 is
      a biantennary complex oligosaccharide without core fucose and with the peripheral
      sequence SA----Gal----GlcNAc----Man. In addition, it can bear other complex
      structures which we did not define further. The apparently restricted addition of
      fucose to the oligosaccharide at the alpha-Asn-82 site, even when both alpha
      sites bear biantennary complex structures with the same peripheral sequence, is a
      feature unique to this system. The unusual variety of structures present at the
      alpha-Asn-122 site may indicate differential processing in different cell types.

PMID- 3856099
TI  - Better enzymes by design.

PMID- 3856098
TI  - Comparison of sister-chromatid exchange induction caused by nitrosoureas that
      alkylate or alkylate and crosslink DNA.
AB  - We have investigated the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in 9L rat
      brain tumor cells treated with the alkylating agent 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea (ENU)
      and 3-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea
      (ACNU), an agent that both alkylates and crosslinks DNA. Induction of SCEs by
      ACNU was found to be 143-fold greater than for ENU. However, on an equimolar
      basis, the alkylation of DNA by 14C-ACNU was approximately 3.2-fold higher than
      for 14C-ENU. After correction for this difference was made, the induction of SCEs
      by ACNU was calculated to be 45-fold greater than for ENU. While DNA alkylation
      products formed by ACNU and ENU are similar, the chloroethyl alkylation
      product(s) of ACNU can form DNA-interstrand crosslinks; the ethyl alkylation
      product(s) of ENU cannot. Based on these findings, we propose that the increased
      induction of SCEs caused by ACNU is a result of the formation of DNA interstrand
      crosslinks.

PMID- 3856100
TI  - Is sequence conservation in interferons due to selection for functional proteins?
AB  - The human alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha) gene family consists of at least 14
      potentially functional non-allelic members; the amino acid sequences they encode
      differ from each other by up to approximately 20% of their residues. Human IFN
      beta, which is encoded by a single gene, is distantly related to the IFN-alpha
      family; it differs in 67% of its residues from IFN-alpha 2. There is considerable
      evidence that IFN-alpha and -beta compete for the same receptors on their target
      cells. Comparison of 14 non-allelic human IFN-alpha sequences and the IFN-beta
      sequence has revealed that 37 of 166 residues are completely conserved and that
      several of these are arranged in clusters, for example at positions 29-33, 47-50
      and 136-150. It is commonly held that evolutionary conservation of amino acids
      indicates that the residues in question are essential for function. To test this
      hypothesis in the case of IFNs, we have introduced single site-directed point
      mutations into the strictly conserved codons 48 and 49 of the IFN-alpha 2 gene
      which form part of the longest uninterrupted cluster (position 47-50). We report
      here that the mutant proteins, containing Tyr, Ser and Cys instead of Phe48, or
      His instead of Gln49, have biological activities indistinguishable from those of
      wild-type IFN-alpha. In addition, when Glu62, a residue conserved in all known
      alpha and beta IFNs of man, mouse and cattle, was replaced by Lys, antiviral
      activity remained unchanged.

PMID- 3856101
TI  - Metallothionein gene cluster is split by chromosome 16 rearrangements in
      myelomonocytic leukaemia.
AB  - The metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of proteins of low relative molecular
      mass which bind heavy-metal ions. MTs exist in several molecular forms (MT-I, MT
      II) and are encoded by a multi-gene family containing at least 14 closely related
      genes and pseudogenes. These proteins function in the regulation of trace-metal
      metabolism, the storage of these ions in the liver, and as a protective mechanism
      against heavy-metal toxicity. Somatic cell hybridization has shown that most MT
      genes, including the functional MT genes (MT1A, MT1B, MT2A), lie on human
      chromosome 16. Using in situ hybridization, we have now localized the MT genes to
      band q22 of chromosome 16. This chromosomal band is also a breakpoint in two
      specific rearrangements, the inv(16)(p13q22) and t(16; 16)(p13;q22)
      rearrangements, found in a subgroup of patients with acute myelomonocytic
      leukaemia (AMML). Hybridization of a MT probe to malignant cells from two
      patients with an inv(16) showed labelled sites on both arms of the inverted
      chromosome, indicating that the breakpoint at 16q22 splits the MT gene cluster.
      Similar results were obtained when this probe was hybridized to metaphase cells
      from two patients with a t(16; 16). These results suggest that the MT genes or
      their regulatory regions may function as an 'activating' sequence for an as yet
      unidentified cellular gene located at 16p13.

PMID- 3856102
TI  - US speeds scrutiny and consent.

PMID- 3856103
TI  - Rifkin battle lost, war undecided.

PMID- 3856104
TI  - Hypervariable 'minisatellite' regions in human DNA.
AB  - The human genome contains many dispersed tandem-repetitive 'minisatellite'
      regions detected via a shared 10-15-base pair 'core' sequence similar to the
      generalized recombination signal (chi) of Escherichia coli. Many minisatellites
      are highly polymorphic due to allelic variation in repeat copy number in the
      minisatellite. A probe based on a tandem-repeat of the core sequence can detect
      many highly variable loci simultaneously and can provide an individual-specific
      DNA 'fingerprint' of general use in human genetic analysis.

PMID- 3856105
TI  - Of man and mouse.

PMID- 3856106
TI  - The management of bee hives.

PMID- 3856107
TI  - The patient from whom I have learned the most: undiagnosed pulmonary emboli are
      still with us.

PMID- 3856108
TI  - Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a report of 10 cases and review of the literature.

PMID- 3856109
TI  - Thoughts on the beliefs of religious and medical institutions.

PMID- 3856110
TI  - Home care, an alternative to institutionalization: nurses in action.

PMID- 3856111
TI  - Pruritus ani.

PMID- 3856112
TI  - The top-heavy plan rules: what will they do to your retirement plan?

PMID- 3856113
TI  - Julius seizure--carbamazepine (Tegretol) poisoning.

PMID- 3856114
TI  - Avulsion injuries of the external ear.

PMID- 3856115
TI  - Synthroid.

PMID- 3856116
TI  - The opioid system in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.

PMID- 3856117
TI  - The emergency medical services system in New York State: time for a change.

PMID- 3856118
TI  - Seroepidemiology of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in healthy residents of
      New York City.

PMID- 3856119
TI  - Use of health services by merchant seamen.

PMID- 3856120
TI  - Neuro-ophthalmologic aspects of occlusive cerebrovascular disease.

PMID- 3856121
TI  - Factitious hypoglycemia associated with eosinophilic leukemoid reaction.

PMID- 3856122
TI  - Retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma.

PMID- 3856123
TI  - Fibroma of the lung.

PMID- 3856124
TI  - Treatment of hemoptysis via bronchial artery embolization.

PMID- 3856125
TI  - Disseminated toxoplasmosis with signs and symptoms of a cerebral lesion.

PMID- 3856126
TI  - The new "regulators" of health care.

PMID- 3856127
TI  - Effects of present and past occupational exposures.

PMID- 3856128
TI  - Searching for alternatives to war.

PMID- 3856129
TI  - Preventing alcohol-related violence: the physician's role.

PMID- 3856130
TI  - Psychiatry and the prevention of violence.

PMID- 3856131
TI  - Extra-adrenal myelolipoma.

PMID- 3856132
TI  - Violence in psychiatric institutions.

PMID- 3856133
TI  - The obligation to assess dangerousness.

PMID- 3856134
TI  - Violence on the highway. A national public health problem.

PMID- 3856135
TI  - How the police view violence.

PMID- 3856136
TI  - Violence in the Third World.

PMID- 3856137
TI  - Medical privilege in the case of abused children.

PMID- 3856138
TI  - Three decades of lung cancer in Christchurch.
AB  - The hospital admission rate and management of bronchogenic carcinoma over a
      period of three decades has been studied by reviewing admissions to the acute
      general hospitals in Christchurch, using five year samples. Although there was an
      improvement in the management of the disease between the first and second
      decades, this plateaued between the second and third. In the first five year
      period, (1952-6), 97 (47%) out of 208 patients were dead within a month of
      diagnosis and six patients lived for more than three years. In 1962-66 (21%) out
      of 328 patients were dead within a month of diagnosis and 25 patients lived
      longer than three years. In the last five year period (1972-6) 75 patients
      (16.8%) out of 707 were dead within one month of diagnosis and 46 survived for
      more than three years. Twenty-six patients remained alive and well seven to
      eleven years after diagnosis, a long term survival rate of 3.6%.

PMID- 3856139
TI  - Listeriosis in Christchurch 1967-1984.
AB  - Between February 1981-May 1982, 18 Christchurch patients were infected with
      Listeria monocytogenes. Of these eight were pregnant, and three mid-trimester
      abortions and one neonatal death occurred in this group. One death due to
      listeriosis occurred amongst the other ten patients. Three patients were part of
      a small nosocomial outbreak. Prior to February 1981 and since May 1982,
      infections caused by this organism have been very uncommon. The possible sources
      of the organism are discussed.

PMID- 3856140
TI  - Asthma deaths and smoking.

PMID- 3856141
TI  - Acupuncture.

PMID- 3856142
TI  - Renal failure on the East Coast.

PMID- 3856143
TI  - Cimetidine and herpes zoster.

PMID- 3856145
TI  - Adriamycin and soft tissue injury.

PMID- 3856144
TI  - Recurrent acute pancreatitis associated with pancreatic stones.

PMID- 3856146
TI  - Waterborne disease.

PMID- 3856147
TI  - Ischaemia of the tongue due to temporal arteritis.

PMID- 3856148
TI  - Hepatitis B virus infections.

PMID- 3856149
TI  - Lactation in the nulliparous.

PMID- 3856150
TI  - Microsporum canis infection of the scalp in an adult.

PMID- 3856151
TI  - Dextropropoxyphene.

PMID- 3856152
TI  - Agranulocytosis and mianserin.

PMID- 3856153
TI  - Steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome in a diabetic patient.

PMID- 3856154
TI  - Social class and health.

PMID- 3856155
TI  - The diagnostic possibilities of a modified hysteroscopic technique.
AB  - A small diameter laparoscope and 32% dextran solution was used to perform
      hysteroscopy on 158 patients with a variety of gynaecological problems. Greatest
      diagnostic value was in patients with irregular menstrual bleeding and lost
      IUCDS. The technique of hysteroscopy is easy to learn, safe, and complements the
      traditional dilatation and curettage as a diagnostic procedure.

PMID- 3856156
TI  - A cure for snoring.
AB  - Conservative measures are rarely effective in treating the habitual snorer. A new
      operation called a uvulopalatopharyngoplasty has been successful in curing
      snoring in seven patients.

PMID- 3856157
TI  - Chronically ill and prescription charges.

PMID- 3856158
TI  - Lung cancer in New Zealand women.

PMID- 3856159
TI  - Hepatitis B infections in Kawerau.

PMID- 3856160
TI  - The cost of diabetes in south Auckland.

PMID- 3856161
TI  - Trauma care in New Zealand.

PMID- 3856162
TI  - Treatment in mental hospitals.

PMID- 3856163
TI  - Esterolytic activity during storage of human milk.

PMID- 3856164
TI  - Capillary function.

PMID- 3856165
TI  - Infant sleep position: a New Zealand survey.
AB  - Four thousand and forty-one infants aged 1-4 months were included in a national
      survey to determine the position in which New Zealand infants usually sleep.
      Infants were most commonly put down on the side or on the front with the face to
      one side. Many changed position during sleep. By far the most common position in
      which infants ended up sleeping was on the front with the face to one side. The
      proportion of infants in the various sleep positions changed with age.
      Speculation as to a possible relationship between sleep position and sudden
      infant death must take into account that many infants do not sleep in the
      position in which they are put down and that there are changes in position with
      age.

PMID- 3856166
TI  - Risk factors for coronary heart disease: a case-control study.
AB  - Risk factors for myocardial infarction and sudden death have been examined in
      caucasians using data from a population-based register of coronary disease and an
      electoral roll sample of adult Aucklanders. The risk factors studied were past
      history of treatment for hypertension, cigarette smoking, body mass index, serum
      cholesterol and in men a history of vasectomy. A total of 625 myocardial
      infarction cases and 185 sudden death cases were compared with 1586 controls aged
      35-64 years. In univariate and multivariate analyses in both sexes a history of
      treatment for hypertension and cigarette smoking were each associated with more
      than doubling of the risk for myocardial infarction and sudden death. Both men
      and women with a very high body mass index were at increased risk for myocardial
      infarction, and serum cholesterol was associated with an increased risk of
      myocardial infarction in men. Approximately one half of the myocardial infarction
      events and over half of the sudden death events occurring in this population were
      attributable to hypertension and smoking.

PMID- 3856167
TI  - Serious illness in 204 New Zealand families during a 16 year period.
AB  - Mothers of 204 senior school pupils completed a questionnaire about serious
      illness in nuclear family members during the lifetime of each adolescent. The
      information provided was sufficiently detailed to estimate incidence of various
      types of illness, to categorise illness by degree of seriousness and to compare
      illness histories between families. Gynaecological conditions in mothers and
      accidents and infectious diseases in children were the most common serious
      illness; asthma was reported in 7% of the individuals (27% of families). There
      had been 17 deaths, 31 life threatening illnesses, 108 major illnesses (defined
      as at least one week in hospital for a medical condition or for major surgery),
      150 serious but non-major illnesses and 84 episodes of minor surgery. Six percent
      of families reported 36% of the medically serious illnesses.

PMID- 3856168
TI  - Pain-mood relationships in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Pain-mood relationships were investigated in 23 patients with long-standing
      rheumatoid arthritis over a two-week period. Patients completed form B of the
      Eysenck personality inventory on entry to the study and visual analogue scales
      for pain, anxiety and sadness daily throughout the study period. Two pain-mood
      relationships were identified: a synchronous relationship in which pain and mood
      scores were positively correlated and an asynchronous relationship in which pain
      and mood scores were uncorrelated. Furthermore, in all patients reporting high
      pain and showing synchronous relationships, the pain and mood scores were similar
      in magnitude, while in all patients reporting high pain and showing asynchronous
      relationships, the pain and mood scores were dissimilar in magnitude. The latter
      patients remained calm and happy despite severe pain. All patients reporting low
      pain showed synchronous and close relationships between pain and mood.
      Extraversion, neuroticism, age, duration and severity of disease were unrelated
      to pain severity and the pain-mood relationships recorded. The asynchronous pain
      mood relationship was attributed to a coping response to severe pain. Patient
      education combined with physical, psychological and pharmacological treatments
      might induce such a response in patients unable to cope with chronic pain.

PMID- 3856169
TI  - The management of non-small cell lung cancer.

PMID- 3856170
TI  - Hydrogen sulphide poisoning: associated with pelt processing.
AB  - Four cases of poisoning with hydrogen sulphide (H2S) were admitted to Ashburton
      Hospital within a period of one week following accidental exposure to H2S at a
      freezing works. We review the clinical presentation of these four cases, their
      management, follow up and the circumstances which led to their accidental
      exposure.

PMID- 3856171
TI  - Perverse tendencies and established victim-prone perversions.

PMID- 3856172
TI  - Non-compliance with anticonvulsant therapy as a cause of seizures.
AB  - Compliance with anticonvulsant therapy was assessed in 95 epileptic subjects with
      uncontrolled seizures. Following a seizure for which an ambulance was called,
      patients were interviewed and questioned on their medication taking. Compliance
      was also determined from measurement of anticonvulsant concentrations in saliva,
      and from intervals between collection of drugs from pharmacy. Compliance failure
      was found to be instrumental in precipitating 29 (31%) of seizures for which the
      ambulance was called. At the time of interview, 35 (37%) subjects were not taking
      their medication regularly in accordance with prescribing instructions. In
      addition to forgetting medication, many subjects deliberately stopped or changed
      doses of drugs. Other causes of non-compliance which were indentified included
      patient misunderstanding of prescribing instructions. Compliance with therapy was
      positively related to perceived benefit from anticonvulsant therapy.

PMID- 3856173
TI  - Closure of MRC autoimmunity unit.

PMID- 3856174
TI  - Hepatitis B infections in Kawerau.

PMID- 3856175
TI  - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in hospital.

PMID- 3856176
TI  - Tuberculosis prevention for medical students.

PMID- 3856177
TI  - The influence of proteins on the esterase activity of bile-salt-stimulated lipase
      from human milk.

PMID- 3856178
TI  - Urinary enoxacin concentration and excretion after a single dose.

PMID- 3856179
TI  - Recurrent genital candidosis in women.

PMID- 3856180
TI  - Physiotherapy education.

PMID- 3856182
TI  - A victory for nursing. Threat to downgrade profession averted.

PMID- 3856181
TI  - AIDS in New Zealand.

PMID- 3856183
TI  - Mental health needs of elderly. Interview by Alan Smith.

PMID- 3856184
TI  - Care of Alzheimer's patients.

PMID- 3856185
TI  - Care of the aged. This costs nothing.

PMID- 3856186
TI  - Disaster nursing. 1. Emergency care nurses.

PMID- 3856188
TI  - Men in nursing.

PMID- 3856187
TI  - Chlamydia trachomatis & infertility.

PMID- 3856189
TI  - Proposed NZ Council of Trade Unions.

PMID- 3856190
TI  - Maori health. A real need for understanding.

PMID- 3856191
TI  - An interview with J. Richard McFarland ODA president by Cynthia Meter.

PMID- 3856192
TI  - Caries in Micronesian children.

PMID- 3856193
TI  - Hazards in dentistry--familiarity breeds contempt.

PMID- 3856195
TI  - Games dentists play.

PMID- 3856194
TI  - Oral Kaposi's sarcoma. An early manifestation of AIDS.

PMID- 3856196
TI  - Tobacco education and "quit smoking" programs in the dental office and community.

PMID- 3856197
TI  - Speech production before and after orthognathic surgery: a review.
AB  - A review of investigations in which speech production has been studied before and
      after orthognathic surgery indicates that many subjects demonstrate preoperative
      articulation errors. The error type most frequently identified was of the
      distortion variety, which suggests that misarticulating speakers were attempting
      to produce the sounds but that in most cases the sounds were phonetically
      incorrect. The /s/ speech sound and the sibilant class in general, of which /s/
      is a member, were often found defective in the subjects' speech. Not all speakers
      had preoperative articulation errors, which suggests the possibility of
      compensatory articulation patterns. The literature indicates that some persons
      with certain occlusal and dental conditions do compensate for structural
      aberrations. Finally, the vast majority of subjects with preoperative
      misarticulations eliminated or reduced their errors following orthognathic
      surgery. In the case of speech behavior, it can be stated that surgical
      alterations in form brought about positive changes in function.

PMID- 3856198
TI  - Sensitometric evaluation of rare earth intensifying screen systems.

PMID- 3856199
TI  - Densitometric evaluation of Soludent and GBX developers.
AB  - A quick-developing solution (Soludent) and a new developer (Kodak GBX) were
      compared with a standard x-ray liquid developer. Of the three solutions
      evaluated, Kodak GBX solution produced slightly greater useful densities in the
      radiograph at all temperatures evaluated. The rapid-developing solution produced
      acceptable radiographs in 80% less time, with only slightly higher film fog.

PMID- 3856200
TI  - Defect of the mandible.

PMID- 3856201
TI  - Vertical fracture.

PMID- 3856202
TI  - Sialolith.

PMID- 3856203
TI  - Sublingual gland herniation through the mylohyoid muscle.
AB  - A deficiency in the mylohyoid muscle, usually with a herniation of part of the
      sublingual gland and fat tissue through it, was present in 82 (27.3%) of 300 half
      heads dissected. In 17 (11.3%) of the cadavers the condition was bilateral. The
      hiatus appeared as a transverse fissure between the fibers or as a broader round
      or oval opening. In some cases the herniation was found constricted at its base;
      in others the base was broad. The importance of these herniations for diagnostic
      and surgical purposes is stressed, and the possible factors in their development
      are analyzed.

PMID- 3856204
TI  - Evaluation of treatment provided patients hospitalized with orofacial odontogenic
      infections: a retrospective study.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment that patients receive
      when they are hospitalized for orofacial infections. Results indicated that
      dental consultations were not always obtained by medical personnel prior to the
      diagnosis and treatment of patients and that the antibiotic therapy employed did
      not always involve the recognized drug of choice.

PMID- 3856205
TI  - Relative value of screening tests of hemostasis prior to dental treatment.
AB  - Identification of potential bleeders is very important prior to any dental
      treatment. One hundred fifty-three adult patients in the screening population at
      a dental school were examined by medical history and by determinations of
      prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and bleeding time to determine if
      those patients with a negative bleeding history had a significant percentage of
      elevated laboratory values. This study was performed to see if these three tests
      would be of value in screening this population for bleeding disorders. The
      results suggest that proper medical history taking will identify a majority of
      potential bleeders and that these three tests are of little value in this
      population.

PMID- 3856206
TI  - Oral presentations in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a review of thirty-one cases. Part
      III. Six cases in children.
AB  - This is the third in a series of articles dealing with oral presentations in non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma. In this section the authors discuss the clinical and
      microscopic features of six cases occurring in children, four of which qualified
      as Burkitt's lymphoma.

PMID- 3856207
TI  - A follow-up study of apicoectomized teeth with total loss of the buccal bone
      plate.
AB  - Opinions differ as to whether or not teeth with advanced marginal bone loss
      should be subjected to periapical surgery. The purpose of this retrospective
      investigation was to study the results after apicoectomy on teeth that showed
      total buccal bone loss at the time of the operation. The material consisted of
      twenty-seven teeth in 27 patients, fifteen males and twelve females, 23 to 63
      years old at the time of the operation. The observation time varied from 0.5 to 7
      years (mean, 3 years). Ten operations (37%) were regarded as successful, nine
      (33%) as uncertain, and eight (30%) as unsuccessful. The success rate was not so
      low that an apicomarginal communication should be regarded as a contraindication
      for apicoectomy. Apicoectomy should be performed, especially if the alternative
      is an otherwise unnecessary prosthetic reconstruction.

PMID- 3856208
TI  - A suggested role for polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the perpetuation of
      periapical disease.
AB  - During the course of an investigation of endodontic materials using
      subcutaneously implanted human roots in rats and guinea pigs, it was noted that
      in areas of the root canal which had not been reamed polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      had migrated into the dentinal tubules. It is suggested that irritation of the
      periapical tissues may be mediated by these polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
      Therefore, the occlusion of dentinal tubules which may be exposed to periapical
      exudate may be of prime importance in endodontic treatment.

PMID- 3856209
TI  - Isobutyl cyanoacrylate: a clinical and histologic comparison with sutures in
      closing mucosal incisions in monkeys.
AB  - Bilateral vertical incisions were made in the maxillary and mandibular labial
      mucosa of eight young green vervet monkeys. Incisions were closed with either
      interrupted 4-0 black silk sutures or by the application of isobutyl
      cyanoacrylate. Mucosal specimens containing the incisions were examined
      histologically and scored for degree of inflammation at 1, 3, 10, and 20 weeks.
      The results showed that cyanoacrylate and sutures did not produce similar
      inflammatory responses.

PMID- 3856210
TI  - [Serum lysozyme level in children with acute leukemia and malignant diseases].
AB  - Serum lysozyme activity was measured in samples from 65 children with acute
      lymphatic and myelogenous leukemia, solid tumors and malignant lymphoma in
      comparison with 45 healthy children. All children with acute lymphatic leukemia
      (ALL) had significantly reduced levels of lysozyme before starting therapy
      compared with a control group (p less than 0,01). Children with ALL in complete
      remission had lysozyme levels comparable to normal children, while children with
      ALL in relapse showed pathological low levels again. Children with acute
      myelogenous leukemia (AML), solid tumors and malignant lymphomas had higher
      lysozyme concentration before therapy than healthy children. Determination of
      lysozyme activity in children with acute leukemia and malignant tumors is of
      value for diagnosis and to control the effect of therapy.

PMID- 3856211
TI  - Mechanism of action of indomethacin in tubular defects.
AB  - Indomethacin, a potent prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, has been proven to be
      effective in a number of tubular defects characterized by enhanced prostaglandin
      (namely, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, but its mechanism of action is
      poorly understood. To elucidate further the mechanism(s) by which indomethacin
      reverses the abnormal tubular functions, five children with different tubular
      defects (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, three cases; Fanconi syndrome, one case;
      and pseudohypoaldosteronism, one case) were treated with indomethacin.
      Indomethacin, 1 mg/kg every eight hours, was given for 1 week to all children and
      then was given chronically to four of the children who responded to the drug. Its
      use was suspended in a 10 year-old-boy with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
      because it proved ineffective. To assess the site along the nephron where
      indomethacin affects the solute and water excretion, an acute water load study
      was performed in three responsive children before and during the treatment.
      Indomethacin did not significantly alter the glomerular filtration rate but was
      effective in reducing diuresis and levels of urinary sodium and potassium
      excretion. In the child with Fanconi syndrome, indomethacin was also effective in
      controlling the urinary loss of phosphate, urate, glucose, and bicarbonate.
      Results of the water load studies show that indomethacin decreases the delivery
      of solute from the proximal tubule, reduces the fractional free water clearance,
      and increases the urine-plasma osmolar ratio.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3856212
TI  - The T.M.J. centers: filling a gap in chronic pain treatment.

PMID- 3856213
TI  - Compensation of Minnesota dental auxiliaries.

PMID- 3856214
TI  - Enamel proteins and the mineralization of enamel.

PMID- 3856215
TI  - Feeding problems in stroke patients.

PMID- 3856216
TI  - Detailed evaluation of six Class 2 amalgam restorations.

PMID- 3856217
TI  - Advantages and disadvantages of direct gold restorations.

PMID- 3856218
TI  - Gold foil: a potential practice builder in the '80s.

PMID- 3856219
TI  - In situ enzymatic reclosure of opened imidazole rings of purines in DNA damaged
      by gamma-irradiation.
AB  - When aqueous solutions of DNA were treated with 10-500 grays of gamma-rays, the
      imidazole rings of some adenine and guanine residues underwent scission,
      resulting in the conversion of these purines to formamidopyrimidines. It was
      found that formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase, known to remove imidazole-ring
      opened 7-methylguanine from DNA, did not excise the radiation-induced non
      alkylated formamidopyrimidines formed for adenine and guanine. The repair of
      these ring-opened purines was found to involve an enzymatic recyclizing of the
      opened imidazole ring that effects a restoration of the C-8 to N-9 bond. The
      enzyme, purine imidazole-ring cyclase reclosed the imidazole rings of 90% of ring
      opened adenine or guanine, but did not close the opened imidazole ring of 7
      methylguanine-derived formamidopyrimidine in DNA.

PMID- 3856220
TI  - Catabolism of premercapturic acid pathway metabolites of naphthalene to naphthols
      and methylthio-containing metabolites in rats.
AB  - [14C]Naphthalene was given orally to rats with cannulated bile ducts and to germ
      free rats. Bile and urine from the cannulated rats and urine from the germ-free
      rats contained no radioactive 1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-methylthionaphthalene and
      only trace amounts of radioactive naphthols or naphthol conjugates. Urine of
      control rats contained 4.6% of the 14C dose as naphthols and/or naphthol
      glucuronides. Appreciable quantities of 1- and 2-naphthol (7-20% of dose) and 1,2
      dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-methylthionaphthalene (1-35% of dose) were in urine from rats
      dosed orally or intracecally with 1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-S-cysteinylnaphthalene
      and 1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-S-(N-acetyl)cysteinylnaphthalene. Apparently, in
      vivo, naphthols and methylthio-containing metabolites of naphthalene are formed
      during enterohepatic circulation of 1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-S
      cysteinylnaphthalene and 1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-S-(N-acetyl)cysteinylnaphthalene
      in a process dependent upon intestinal microflora. A possible pathway for the
      formation of naphthols is aromatization of the precursor compounds by elimination
      of the appropriate substituent group from these metabolites. This discovery of
      the essential role of the intestinal microflora in the formation of naphthols
      from naphthalene indicates the existence of a novel pathway for hydroxylation of
      aromatic systems and challenges the current concept of the in vivo relevance of
      the in vitro production of naphthols from naphthalene 1,2-oxide.

PMID- 3856221
TI  - N-nitrosodialkylamines do not function as substrates for liver monoamine oxidase.
AB  - Since reports in the literature [Rowland, I.R., Lake, B. G. & Gangolli, S. D.
      (1980) Mutat. Res. 72, 63-72] have implicated hepatic monoamine oxidase (EC
      1.4.3.4) in the activation of N-nitrosodialkylamines to mutagens, it is of basic
      pharmacological and biochemical interest to determine if these compounds could
      serve as substrates for this enzyme. The dialkylnitrosamines N
      nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine, and N-nitrosodibenzylamine were
      tested and found not to be substrates, competitive inhibitors, or irreversible
      inhibitors of liver monoamine oxidase. Thus, any role for monoamine oxidase
      participation in the mutagenic activation of these compounds must be subsequent
      to an initial conversion of these compounds to their respective secondary amines.

PMID- 3856222
TI  - Isolation and characterization of an RNA ligase from HeLa cells.
AB  - An RNA ligase has been purified from HeLa cells, which catalyzes the intra- and
      intermolecular ligation of linear RNA substrates possessing 5'-hydroxyl and 2',3'
      cyclic phosphate termini in the presence of ATP or dATP. In this reaction, the
      2',3'-cyclic phosphate is incorporated into a 3'-5'-phosphodiester bond, in
      agreement with the findings of Filipowicz et al. [Filipowicz, W., Konarska, M.,
      Gross, H. J. & Shatkin, A. J. (1983) Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 1405-1418]. The
      activity of the purified enzyme is dependent on the addition of ATP or dATP, a
      divalent cation (Mg2+), and 5'-hydroxyl, 2',3'-cyclic phosphate-terminated RNA
      substrates. No ligation occurs with the substrates OH(Up)10G(3')p or
      OH(Up)10G(2')p or with 5'-phosphate, 2',3'-cyclic phosphate-terminated
      oligoribonucleotides.

PMID- 3856223
TI  - Expression of human adenosine deaminase using a transmissable murine retrovirus
      vector system.
AB  - Human adenosine deaminase (ADA; adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) was
      expressed at high levels in cultured mouse cells using a transmissable murine
      retrovirus vector system. A cDNA clone encoding ADA has been inserted into a
      plasmid vector containing retroviral transcription and packaging signals as well
      as a selectable gene for G418 resistance. The constructions were transfected into
      psi 2 cells, which package the recombinant retroviral genomes into replication
      defective virus particles. Isoenzyme analysis for ADA in G418-selected psi 2
      cells showed at least 20-fold more human ADA activity than endogenous mouse ADA
      activity. A mouse T-cell lymphoma line, BL/VL3, was cocultured with transformed
      psi 2 cells producing human ADA, and some of the cocultured cells were selected
      for resistance to G418. Both G418-selected and unselected cocultured cells
      expressed human ADA activity at 25%-50% the level of the endogenous enzyme. Thus,
      efficient retroviral transduction of ADA expression was obtained.

PMID- 3856224
TI  - Active site structures of deoxyhemerythrin and oxyhemerythrin.
AB  - The physiologically active forms of the nonheme-iron, oxygen-transport protein
      hemerythrin have been studied by x-ray crystallographic techniques. At 3.9-A
      resolution, a difference electron-density map between the deoxy form and met form
      (methemerythrin) of the protein suggests only small differences in the binuclear
      iron complexes. The coordination of the iron atoms appears to be the same in both
      the deoxy and met forms, one iron of the complexes being pentacoordinate, the
      other iron being hexacoordinate. The iron atoms appear to be somewhat farther
      apart in the deoxy form. A 2.2-A resolution study of oxyhemerythrin shows that
      dioxygen binds to one iron atom--the pentacoordinate one in the met form of the
      protein, the same binding site found for azide in azidomethemerythrin.

PMID- 3856225
TI  - Efficient transcription of a protein-coding gene from the RNA polymerase I
      promoter in transfected cells.
AB  - The activity of the mouse ribosomal promoter was examined after fusion to the
      gene coding for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and transfection into
      mouse cells. Very little CAT enzyme but high levels of CAT-specific RNA correctly
      initiated at the ribosomal DNA start site were synthesized. The amount of
      specific transcripts was neither influenced by long stretches of upstream spacer
      sequences nor by the insertion of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus enhancer. The
      deletion mutant pMr delta-39, which has been shown to be fully active in vitro,
      exhibited a 90% decrease in template activity in vivo. A mutant in which 22 base
      pairs of ribosomal DNA (between positions -35 and -14) were substituted by
      foreign DNA sequences proved transcriptionally inactive. The fusion genes were
      only transcribed in mouse cells, indicating that species-specific transcription
      factors are involved in ribosomal promoter recognition.

PMID- 3856226
TI  - A protein kinase from Xenopus eggs specific for ribosomal protein S6.
AB  - A protein kinase specific for ribosomal protein S6 has been purified from eggs of
      Xenopus laevis. As visualized on a silver-stained polyacrylamide gel, the major
      protein in the preparation migrated with a Mr of 90,000. Incubation of the enzyme
      preparation with [gamma-32P]ATP led to phosphorylation of this protein on serine
      residues. Upon glycerol gradient centrifugation, the S6 kinase activity and the
      Mr 90,000 protein both sedimented with a Mr of 50,000-55,000. Two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis demonstrated that up to 4-5 phosphate groups per S6 molecule
      could be incorporated with this enzyme in vitro, and two-dimensional peptide
      mapping demonstrated that the phosphopeptides from S6 labeled in vitro with the
      enzyme comigrated with those from highly phosphorylated S6 labeled in vivo in
      response to progesterone treatment. The purified S6 protein kinase did not
      phosphorylate at a significant rate ribosomal protein S10, histone H1, histone
      H4, mixed histones, casein, or phosvitin, indicating a high degree of substrate
      specificity. These results indicate that activation of a single S6 protein kinase
      may be sufficient to account for increased S6 phosphorylation after a growth
      stimulus.

PMID- 3856227
TI  - A genetic screen for mutations that increase the thermal stability of phage T4
      lysozyme.
AB  - A method has been developed to screen for mutants of phage T4 lysozyme that are
      more stable than the wild-type enzyme. Using an assay that detects lysozyme
      activity on Petri plates [Streisinger, G., Okada, Y., Emrich, J., Newton, J.,
      Tsugita, A., Terzaghi, E. & Inouye, M. (1966) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant.
      Biol. 31, 77-84], protein synthesized during the formation of phage plaques at a
      permissive temperature (33 degrees C) was tested for its ability to withstand
      incubation at a temperature that inactivates the wild-type enzyme. In our initial
      screen of approximately 3 X 10(4) plaques from a T4 phage stock mutagenized with
      hydroxylamine, greater than 30 mutants that produce lysozyme activity resistant
      to high temperature incubation were found. Lysozyme produced by two of the
      mutants was purified and found to denature at a higher temperature than the wild
      type enzyme in vitro. We have called such mutants "st" for thermostable. The
      existence of st mutants indicates that protein stability is not maximized during
      evolution; instead, it is likely that stability is optimized for the physiology
      of the organism. Analysis of the structures of these mutants will provide another
      way to identify and predict interactions that stabilize proteins. The method of
      finding thermostable variants presented here may be applicable to any protein
      that can be detected by a plate assay or by a plate screen with antibodies.

PMID- 3856228
TI  - Molecular dynamics simulations of d(C-G-C-G-A) X d(T-C-G-C-G) with and without
      "hydrated" counterions.
AB  - We present the results of molecular dynamics simulations on d(C-G-C-G-A) X d(T-C
      G-C-G) with fully charged phosphates with and without inclusion of counterions.
      The average structures found in the two simulations are similar, but the
      simulation with counterions does give an average helix repeat, tilt, and twist in
      better agreement with those found in the x-ray structure of d(C-G-C-G-A-A-T-T-C-G
      C-G)2. The average sugar pucker phases and amplitudes are in qualitative
      agreement with those found in NMR studies of double-helical DNA, and a number of
      examples of sugar repuckering from C2' endo to C3' endo carbon conformations in
      the sugar ring are found. The hydrogen bond correlations as well as torsion
      correlations are analyzed, and some interesting long-range correlations between
      dihedral angles are found.

PMID- 3856229
TI  - Differences between two fractions of glycosaminoglycans of the corneal stroma in
      their structural relation to collagen.
AB  - Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) of bovine cornea were sequentially extracted by 0.15 M
      NaCl and by 1 M CaCl2, pH 8. The amounts of hexosamine (HexN) and hexuronic acid
      (HexUA), specific hexoses (Hex), and protein were determined in the extracts. The
      ultrastructure of the corneal stroma after NaCl and NaCl/CaCl2 extraction was
      also studied. Approximately 70% of the Hex-HexN extractable by 0.15 M NaCl is
      removed in the first NaCl extract, with the amount decreasing rapidly to the
      fifth NaCl extract. Only 20-30% of the extractable HexUA-HexN is removed in the
      first NaCl extract; subsequent extraction removes successively less HexUA-HexN.
      There is a sharp increase, however, in both Hex-HexN and HexUA-HexN removed in
      the first 1 M CaCl2 extract, ranging from 25 to 40% of the total extractable with
      NaCl. The stroma retained lamellar organization and normal spacing, diameter, and
      length of collagen fibers after NaCl extraction. Visibility of the 64-nm
      periodicity was enhanced because of loss of density in the ground substance.
      CaCl2 extraction led to loss of lamellar organization and apparent disruption of
      the collagen fibers. Only short thin fibrils remained, embedded in a material
      having the density and very fine fibrillar organization of basal lamina.
      Disruption of the collagen fibers is probably due to removal of a specific GAG
      component necessary to maintain the collagen as an extended morphologic structure
      but may also be due to a specific degradative effect of CaCl2 on collagen no
      longer covered by a protective layer of GAG and glycoproteins.

PMID- 3856231
TI  - Colony formation by primitive hemopoietic progenitor cells in serum-free medium.
AB  - A serum-free medium has been developed for clonal growth of murine hemopoietic
      progenitor cells. In this medium, the number of nonerythroid colonies induced by
      factors produced by cloned T lymphocytes was 90 +/- 10% of the number generated
      in serum-containing medium. Erythroid colony number in serum-free cultures
      containing the T-cell factors but no exogenous erythropoietin was significantly
      higher than that in cultures with serum, and the cloning efficiency was
      independent of cell concentration. Further addition of erythropoietin increased
      erythroid colony number approximately equal to 4-fold. Pure erythropoietin alone
      stimulated erythroid colony formation, but the cloning efficiency was highly
      dependent on cell concentration. Analysis of individual colonies generated in
      serum-free cultures containing the T-cell factors indicated that some contained
      cells of several hemopoietic lineages, demonstrating that multipotential
      progenitors can give rise to colonies in this system.

PMID- 3856230
TI  - Expression of the mouse serum albumin gene introduced into differentiated and
      dedifferentiated rat hepatoma cells.
AB  - A 23-kilobase-pair segment of DNA containing the entire mouse serum albumin gene
      as well as 2.2 kilobase pairs of 5' and 4.3 kilobase pairs of 3' flanking
      sequences has been introduced into pSV2dhfr, a plasmid in which expression of the
      mouse dihydrofolate reductase cDNA is under the control of simian virus 40
      sequences. This vector, pSV2dhfr-alb, was used to transfect differentiated and
      variant dedifferentiated rat hepatoma cells. Nine independent clones of
      transfected differentiated cells secrete considerable amounts of mouse albumin,
      while the expression of the normal rat albumin is the same as in nontransfected
      cells. In contrast, only small amounts of mouse and rat albumin are produced by
      transfected dedifferentiated cells. The amounts of albumin mRNA present in the
      cells are consistent with the amounts of albumin produced. These results show
      that a transfected gene can be regulated in a fashion consistent with the overall
      differentiation profile of the cell.

PMID- 3856232
TI  - Structure of the signal recognition particle by electron microscopy.
AB  - The signal recognition particle (SRP) is a ribonucleoprotein consisting of six
      distinct polypeptide components and one molecule of small cytoplasmic RNA (7SL
      RNA). The particle was previously shown to function in protein translocation
      across and protein integration into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
      Homogeneous signal recognition particle preparations were visualized by electron
      microscopy (i) after negative staining, (ii) by dark-field imaging of unstained
      specimens, and (iii) by platinum-shadowing. The results of each of these
      different techniques indicate that the signal recognition particle is a rod
      shaped particle 5-6 nm wide and 23-24 nm long.

PMID- 3856233
TI  - Intracellular free calcium levels are reduced in mitotic Pt K2 epithelial cells.
AB  - Using a fluorescence ratio method, we have studied the intracellular free calcium
      levels in individual quin-2-loaded mitotic cells under the microscope. We have
      found that intracellular free calcium concentrations in Pt K2 epithelial cells
      drop by approximately 50% as they pass through mitosis. Calcium levels in
      interphase cells were 53 +/- 7 nM. During prophase, free cytoplasmic calcium
      begins to decrease, reaching 28 +/- 3 nM in prometaphase. Calcium levels remain
      low until the nuclear envelope is re-formed in late telophase, when they increase
      again to interphase levels. This decrease in overall free calcium in mitosis
      suggests that the mitotic cell has mechanisms for the general sequestration, and
      perhaps local release, of calcium ions.

PMID- 3856235
TI  - Variances and covariances of identity coefficients of a multigene family.
AB  - By using a model of gene conversion for treating concerted evolution of multigene
      families, a theory for calculating the variances and covariances of identity
      coefficients has been developed. Six coefficients on triple identity and 15
      coefficients on quadruple identity are needed. The variances and covariances are
      obtained from the quadruple identity coefficients and divided into within
      population and between-population components. The former represents the variation
      of identity coefficients among individuals within a population, whereas the
      latter represents the magnitude of fluctuation of population averages. Monte
      Carlo simulations confirmed the theoretical predictions at equilibrium.

PMID- 3856234
TI  - Heparin affinity of anionic and cationic capillary endothelial cell growth
      factors: analysis of hypothalamus-derived growth factors and fibroblast growth
      factors.
AB  - Bovine hypothalamus-derived growth factors (HDGF), pituitary fibroblast growth
      factor (FGF), and brain FGF were analyzed by chromatography on immobilized
      heparin and tested for the ability to stimulate the proliferation of capillary
      endothelial (CE) cells. Two distinct CE cell growth factors were found in
      hypothalamus, one anionic (aHDGF; pI of about 5) and one cationic (cHDGF; pI of
      about 8). Both aHDGF and cHDGF adhered tightly to immobilized heparin. They were
      eluted with 0.9-1.1 M NaCl and 1.3-1.5 M NaCl, respectively. Pituitary and brain
      FGF were also found to bind to immobilized heparin and to stimulate CE cell
      proliferation. Pituitary FGF was eluted at 1.4-1.6 M NaCl. The elution profile of
      brain FGF showed that two peaks of CE cell growth factor activity were eluted
      from the heparin column, one at 1.0 M NaCl and a second at 1.4-1.6 M NaCl. The
      tight binding of all of these growth factors to heparin (particularly aHDGF,
      whose binding is unexpected because of its negative charge) is presented as
      evidence that CE cell growth factors all share an affinity for heparin.

PMID- 3856236
TI  - Nick-translation of metaphase chromosomes: in vitro labeling of nuclease
      hypersensitive regions in chromosomes.
AB  - Chinese hamster metaphase chromosomes were labeled by nick-translation, which
      involved pretreatment of metaphase chromosomes with low levels of DNase I
      followed by incubation with DNA polymerase I and radioactively labeled
      nucleotides. The labeled DNA was located on nuclease-hypersensitive regions of
      the chromosomes, as suggested by the following observations. (i) The labeled DNA
      was hypersensitive to the subsequent DNase I digestion. (ii) The labeled DNA
      contained no nucleosomes. DNA reassociation kinetic analysis suggested that the
      labeled DNA was enriched in repetitive DNA sequences. Base composition analyses
      showed that the labeled DNA was highly enriched in guanine and adenine residues,
      suggesting that the nick-translation reaction was asymmetrical and the strand
      enriched in purine was preferentially translated. Autoradiographic analysis
      revealed that the label was distributed on every chromosome, but there was a
      lower grain density on the Y chromosome, which is heterochromatic and exhibits a
      relatively low level of gene activity. The locations of silver grains on the Y
      chromosomes were generally consistent with that revealed by the in situ
      hybridization using [3H]cDNA synthesized from the total Chinese hamster messenger
      RNA. These observations suggest that a specific subset of genomic DNA on active
      chromatin is the preferred site of the nick-translation.

PMID- 3856237
TI  - Activation of an N-ras gene in acute myeloblastic leukemia through somatic
      mutation in the first exon.
AB  - A transforming N-ras gene has been cloned from acute myeloblastic leukemia bone
      marrow cells, in parallel with the N-ras gene derived from fibroblasts of the
      same patient. N-ras derived from fibroblasts lacked focus-forming activity in
      NIH/3T3 cells, indicating that gene activation in the leukemia cells must have
      occurred by a somatic event. Construction of chimeric molecules between the
      transforming and the normal N-ras genes and subsequent biological and sequence
      analysis of these constructs revealed that the transforming gene was altered by a
      point mutation changing amino acid 12 of the N-ras protein from glycine to
      aspartic acid.

PMID- 3856238
TI  - The liver excretes large amounts of heme into bile when heme oxygenase is
      inhibited competitively by Sn-protoporphyrin.
AB  - TinIV-protoporphyrin IX (Sn-protoporphyrin) potently inhibits heme degradation to
      bilirubin in vitro and in vivo, and it completely suppresses neonatal
      hyperbilirubinemia in experimental animals, including primates. It also reduces
      plasma bilirubin levels in certain naturally occurring or induced forms of
      jaundice in animals and man. We have examined in this study the fate of that
      fraction of heme whose degradation to bile pigment is inhibited in vivo by
      administration of this heme oxygenase (EC 1.14.99.3) inhibitor. In bile-duct
      cannulated rats, infused exogenous heme is rapidly converted to biliary
      bilirubin; a small amount of the infused heme is excreted into bile as well. Sn
      protoporphyrin, administered with the exogenous heme, markedly increased (3- to 4
      fold) the amount of heme excreted into bile and greatly diminished biliary output
      of bilirubin. The increase in biliary heme output exceeded the decrease in
      bilirubin excretion elicited by the inhibitor metalloporphyrin. In the same
      experimental model, Sn-protoporphyrin substantially decreased the conversion of
      heme, derived from heat-damaged erythrocytes, to biliary bilirubin. This decrease
      in biliary bilirubin output was accounted for entirely by a prompt and marked
      increase in biliary excretion of unmetabolized heme. The enhanced biliary
      excretion of unmetabolized heme following administration of Sn-protoporphyrin is
      a newly defined and biologically important response associated with use of this
      synthetic heme analogue. The features of the action of this compound in vivo-
      suppression of formation of the potentially neurotoxic metabolite, bilirubin;
      enhancement of disposal of the untransformed substrate (heme) of the enzyme that
      it inhibits; and its own elimination without metabolic alteration--define some of
      the characteristics of a therapeutically useful chemical.

PMID- 3856239
TI  - Biochemical rationale and myocardial tissue data on the effective therapy of
      cardiomyopathy with coenzyme Q10.
AB  - The tissue levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in endomyocardial biopsy samples and
      blood from 43 patients with cardiomyopathy were determined by steps of
      extraction, purification, and HPLC. The biopsy samples were obtained from the
      patients after a routine heart catheterization. Six patients were of class I, 18
      of class II, 11 of class III, and 8 of class IV (classified according to
      guidelines of the New York Heart Association). True control biopsies of healthy
      hearts are not available for ethical reasons, but the data of the four classes by
      severity of disease may be justifiably compared. Patients of class IV had lower
      (P less than 0.01) levels of CoQ10 than those of class I. Patients of classes III
      and IV had a lower (P less than 0.0001) level than those of classes I and II.
      Biopsy samples were obtained from five patients after treatment with CoQ10 for 2
      8 months. The increases of CoQ10 levels ranged from 20% to 85%; the mean value
      was higher (P less than 0.02) than before treatment. Blood deficiencies also
      increase with severity of disease, but not as markedly as for the biopsies. These
      data reveal a myocardial deficiency of CoQ10, which is higher with increasing
      severity of disease and is reduced by therapy. This biochemistry correlates with
      the effective treatment of cardiomyopathy with CoQ10.

PMID- 3856240
TI  - Anti-peripheral myelin antibody in patients with demyelinating neuropathy:
      quantitative and kinetic determination of serum antibody by complement component
      1 fixation.
AB  - The role of anti-peripheral nerve myelin antibody (anti-PNM Ab) in the
      pathogenesis of acquired demyelination of peripheral nerve is unclear, in part,
      due to the poor correlation between antibody and disease activity. Previous
      studies show that only 27-50% of patients with acute demyelinating neuropathy or
      Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) had serum Abs to peripheral nerve or PNM as
      demonstrated by consumption of hemolytic activity of serum complement 1 (C1)
      fixation and transfer assay, quantitative determinations of anti-PNM Ab showed
      significantly high titers in the serum of patients with GBS, chronic and
      recurrent polyneuritis, and paraproteinemia associated with peripheral
      neuropathy. All 11 patients with acute-phase GBS had Ab titers 6-56 times higher
      than controls. In 6 GBS patients, serial Ab determinations showed that titers
      were highest on admission, fell rapidly the first week, and became undetectable
      or barely detectable by the third week. Declining Ab titers coincided with
      cessation of clinical progression. In 3 GBS patients, depletion of serum IgM
      lowered anti-PNM Ab titers significantly, whereas IgG depletion failed to produce
      a similar effect. This study shows that the C1 fixation and transfer assay is a
      sensitive method to detect anti-PNM Ab in the serum of patients with a variety of
      demyelinating neuropathies and provides good correlation between Ab level and the
      clinical course of GBS patients. It may provide important information about the
      pathogenesis of the demyelinating neuropathies.

PMID- 3856241
TI  - Intrinsic projections within visual cortex: evidence for orientation-specific
      local connections.
AB  - The functional organization of intrinsic connections within area 18 of cat visual
      cortex was studied using combined electrophysiological and anatomical techniques.
      Physiological recordings were first used to map the distribution of orientation
      preference, ocular dominance, and receptive-field location relative to the
      cortical surface. Next, localized injections of lectin-conjugated horseradish
      peroxidase were made into physiologically identified regions within area 18. We
      found that (i) the local cortical interconnections are made preferentially
      between cell populations with orthogonal preferred orientations and are
      independent of the ocular dominance of the cortical cells, (ii) the map of visual
      space in the cortex is anisotropic with the magnification factor for vertical at
      least twice that for horizontal visual space, and (iii) the pattern of cortical
      projections compensates for the functional asymmetry so that a population of
      interconnected cells represents a roughly circular region of visual space.

PMID- 3856242
TI  - Demonstration and affinity labeling of a stereoselective binding site for a
      benzomorphan opiate on acetylcholine receptor-rich membranes from Torpedo
      electroplaque.
AB  - The interaction of an optically pure benzomorphan opiate, (-)-N-allyl-N
      normetazocine [(-)-ANMC], with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo
      electroplaque was studied by using radioligand binding and affinity labeling. The
      binding was complex with at least two specific components having equilibrium
      dissociation constants of 0.3 microM and 2 microM. The affinity of the higher
      affinity component was decreased by carbamoylcholine but not by alpha
      bungarotoxin. The effect of carbamoylcholine was not blocked by alpha
      bungarotoxin. In comparison, the affinity of [3H]phencyclidine, a well
      characterized ligand for a high-affinity site for noncompetitive blockers on the
      acetylcholine receptor, is increased by carbamoylcholine and the increase is
      blocked by alpha-bungarotoxin. The binding of (-)-[3H]ANMC was inhibited by a
      number of other benzomorphans, with (-) isomers being 4- to 5-fold more potent
      than (+) isomers. Phencyclidine inhibits the binding of (-)-[3H]ANMC to its high
      affinity site by a mechanism that is not competitive. UV-catalyzed affinity
      labeling indicated that the high-affinity-binding site for (-)-[3H]ANMC is at
      least partially associated with the delta subunit. Tryptic degradation of the
      Torpedo marmorata delta chain suggested that (-)-ANMC labeled a 16,000-dalton
      COOH-terminal portion of the subunit. In contrast, 5-azido-[3H]trimethisoquin, a
      photoaffinity label of the high-affinity site for noncompetitive blockers, labels
      a 47,000-dalton NH2-terminal fragment of the delta subunit. These results suggest
      that (-)-[3H]ANMC binds to sites completely distinct from the binding sites for
      acetylcholine. The high-affinity-binding site for (-)-ANMC and that for
      phencyclidine and 5-azidotrimethisoquin are allosterically coupled but are
      regulated differently and are probably physically distinct.

PMID- 3856243
TI  - Ultrastructural features of minute chromosomes in a methotrexate-resistant mouse
      3T3 cell line.
AB  - The Miller spreading procedure was applied to mouse metaphase spreads of
      methotrexate-resistant 3T3 cells that contain large numbers of minute chromosomes
      and dihydrofolate reductase genes. There is substantial variation in both size
      and numbers of minutes in individual cells, the smallest of which (estimated as 5
      X 10(3) kilobase pairs) would be undetected by standard light microscopic
      analyses. Minute chromosomes are composed of nucleosomal chromatin, which is
      organized into typical higher order fibers that are folded to form rosette-like
      structures characteristic of normal chromosome organization. There is no evidence
      that the DNA in minutes is linear. Minutes exist singly and in pairs, and members
      of a pair are connected by higher order chromatin fibers, suggesting that they
      are topologically interlocked. They are often closely apposed to chromosomal
      telomeres or arms, a configuration that may be involved in their distribution at
      mitosis. In addition to typical minutes, which do not possess kinetochores, a
      small marker chromosome possessing all of the features of a centromere region is
      present in parental and resistant cells. An unusual feature of this cell line is
      the retention of resistance, minute chromosomes, and amplified dihydrofolate
      reductase genes; most methotrexate-resistant mouse cell lines with minute
      chromosomes lose these properties when grown in the absence of methotrexate.

PMID- 3856244
TI  - Two alkaline phosphatase genes positioned in tandem in Bacillus licheniformis
      MC14 require different RNA polymerase holoenzymes for transcription.
AB  - Southern transfer analysis of Bacillus licheniformis MC14 DNA, using as probe a
      DNA fragment from within the coding region of a previously cloned alkaline
      phosphatase (APase) gene, revealed a second area of hybridization adjacent to the
      cloned APase gene. A second APase gene (APase II) was subcloned from the same
      plasmid clone, pMH8, from which the first APase gene (APase I) had been
      subcloned. The two genes are arranged in tandem with several hundred base pairs
      separating them. Immunoblot analysis showed that both code for Mr 60,000 proteins
      that crossreact with anti-APase. Both proteins enzymatically cleave 5-bromo-4
      chloro-3-indolyl phosphate. In vitro transcription showed that APase I and APase
      II are transcribed in the same direction but that the two genes require different
      forms of Bacillus RNA polymerase: sigma 55- and sigma 37-containing RNA
      polymerase holoenzymes, respectively.

PMID- 3856245
TI  - Ethylation of poly(dC-dG).poly(dC-dG) by ethyl methanesulfonate stimulates the
      activity of mammalian DNA methyltransferase in vitro.
AB  - Ethylation of poly(dC-dG).poly(dC-dG) with ethyl methanesulfonate (EtMes), a
      known carcinogen, at increasing molar ratios of EtMes/C X G base pairs
      progressively stimulated the methyl-accepting ability of the DNA during in vitro
      methylation by partially purified rat DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase (EC
      2.1.1.37). Maximum stimulation was 2-fold over mock-treated DNA when 2.7% of the
      guanines were modified at the N-7 position, the major site of ethylation by EtMes
      in DNA. If a CpG site "hemiethylated" at guanine N-7 mimics a hemimethylated CpG
      site, we calculate that the enzyme has a relative affinity for hemiethylated CpG
      18-fold above unmodified CpG. If ethylation of a dioxyphosphate oxygen of the
      phosphodiester bond is responsible for stimulation, the relative affinity could
      be much higher, up to 370-fold.

PMID- 3856246
TI  - Parathymosin alpha: a peptide from rat tissues with structural homology to
      prothymosin alpha.
AB  - A peptide, parathymosin alpha, containing approximately equal to 105 amino acid
      residues, has been isolated from rat thymus, and the sequence of the first 30
      residues at the NH2 terminus has been determined. In this region, it shows 43%
      structural identity with thymosin alpha 1 and prothymosin alpha. The common
      sequences do not include residues 2-9, which accounts for the poor reactivity of
      parathymosin alpha with an antibody directed against this epitope in thymosin
      alpha 1. Parathymosin alpha appears to modulate the action of prothymosin alpha
      in protecting sensitive strains of mice against opportunistic infection with
      Candida albicans.

PMID- 3856247
TI  - Accurate initiation of rat ribosomal RNA gene transcription using a fractionated
      nuclear extract from normal liver and a hepatoma.
AB  - Nuclear extracts obtained from normal rat liver and from Morris hepatoma 3924A
      were fractionated by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. The fraction eluted with 175
      mM (NH4)2SO4 (DE-B), which contains greater than 90% of RNA polymerase I
      activity, supported accurate transcription of cloned rat rDNA. A similar fraction
      obtained from the cytosol had all of the factors required for rDNA transcription.
      However, its transcriptional activity was at most one-sixth that of the
      corresponding nuclear fraction, as determined by the amount of protein needed to
      produce a similar quantity of the transcript. Unfractionated nuclear or cytosol
      preparations did not yield an accurate transcript. Optimal KCl and magnesium
      concentrations for rDNA transcription were 60 mM and 5-7.5 mM, respectively. The
      extent of transcriptional activity was in the following order: hepatoma nuclear
      fraction DE-B greater than whole cell extract derived from rat mammary
      adenocarcinoma cells much greater than normal liver fraction DE-B. The hepatoma
      preparation produced at least 10 times the amount of transcript produced by the
      corresponding liver nuclear preparation. Transcriptional activity was
      proportional to the levels of RNA polymerase I and to the rate of rRNA synthesis
      in these tissues.

PMID- 3856248
TI  - Presence of two distinct regions in the coiled-coil structure of the
      streptococcal Pep M5 protein: relationship to mammalian coiled-coil proteins and
      implications to its biological properties.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of Pep M5, a biologically active 197-residue
      fragment comprising nearly half of the group A streptococcal M5 protein, has
      structural features characteristic of an alpha-helical coiled-coil protein.
      Fourier analyses of the nonpolar residues show strong periodicities based on
      repeats of 7 residues (7/2 and 7/3). Except for the nonhelical NH2-terminal 12
      residue segment, the 7-residue periodicity in the distribution of nonpolar
      residues extends through the remainder of the Pep M5 molecule, with some
      discontinuities and irregularities. The molecule contains two distinct regions
      that differ in the pattern of distribution of the nonpolar and charged residues.
      The 7-residue pattern "a, b, c, d, e, f, g" in region 13-121 is atypical in that
      position "a" is predominantly occupied by asparagine, rather than nonpolar
      residues. On the other hand, the periodicity in region 122-196 is more typical of
      that found in other coiled-coil proteins, such as the myosin rod region, keratin,
      desmin, and vimentin, rather than tropomyosin. Although the periodicity in
      nonpolar residues is not highly regular, the predominance of basic and acidic
      residues in the inner "e" and "g" positions, respectively, suggests that ionic
      interactions between chains may contribute significantly to the stability of the
      coiled-coil. The distribution of charged residues in the outer positions within
      the two regions of the molecule is also distinct. The NH2-terminal region carries
      a significantly higher net negative charge than the COOH-terminal region,
      suggesting that the former region may play an important role in some of the
      biological functions of the Pep M5 molecule.

PMID- 3856250
TI  - Monte Carlo study of the GTP cap in a five-start helix model of a microtubule.
AB  - Earlier Monte Carlo studies on a single-helix model of the GTP cap at the end of
      a microtubule are extended here to a more realistic five-start helix model of the
      microtubule end. As in the earlier work, phase changes occur at the microtubule
      end: the end is either capped with GTP and growing slowly or uncapped and
      shortening rapidly, and these two regimes alternate (at a given tubulin
      concentration) at steady state. Macroscopic rate constants for the two-phase
      model are deduced from the Monte Carlo results. The macroscopic rate constants
      lead to properties that are in semiquantitative agreement with related
      experiments of Mitchison and Kirschner.

PMID- 3856249
TI  - Influence of solvent accessibility and intermolecular contacts on atomic
      mobilities in hemerythrins.
AB  - Thermal factor parameters (B values) have been compared from the refined crystal
      structures of the myohemerythrin from Themiste zostericola and of the octameric
      hemerythrin from Themiste dyscrita. These B values, which are directly related to
      atomic mobilities, were found to correlate rather closely with the solvent
      accessible areas within the respective crystals. Although protomeric units of the
      two molecules have exceptionally similar three-dimensional structures, there are
      marked differences between the patterns of relative atomic mobilities along the
      polypeptide chains. The differences correspond to lattice and oligomer contacts.
      An adjustment of the B values based on the fraction of accessible area occluded
      by contacts yields values that correlate well between the independent subunits
      and that should pertain more closely to those for the protomer free in solution.

PMID- 3856251
TI  - Identification of individual interferon-producing cells by in situ hybridization.
AB  - Individual interferon (IFN)-producing cells were identified by hybridization in
      situ followed by autoradiography. cDNAs corresponding to murine IFN-alpha and
      murine IFN-beta labeled by nick-translation to high specific activity (2-4 X
      10(8) dpm/micrograms) with alpha-35S-labeled dATP were used as probes for
      hybridization with IFN mRNA in mouse C-243 cells induced with Newcastle disease
      virus. Control experiments with non-induced cells or with non-IFN-related labeled
      DNA monitored the specificity of the autoradiographic signal. Under optimal
      conditions of IFN induction, between 15% and 40% of the cells gave a
      hybridization signal with a mixture of IFN-alpha and -beta probes. Differential
      hybridization with either the IFN-alpha or -beta probe or a mixture of both, at
      three different time intervals after induction, revealed that only a small
      fraction of cells had detectable amounts of IFN-alpha mRNA, whereas in the
      majority of the positive cells IFN-beta mRNA was present.

PMID- 3856252
TI  - A widely distributed nuclear protein immunologically related to the microtubule
      associated protein MAP1 is associated with the mitotic spindle.
AB  - A 280-kDa protein (p280) confined to the nucleus of interphase cells becomes
      associated with the mitotic spindle during cell division. p280 is immunologically
      related to the microtubule-associated protein MAP1, as shown by cross-reactivity
      with monoclonal (8D12) and polyclonal antibodies raised against MAP1. However,
      p280 is distinct from MAP1 as judged by its lower molecular size, proteolytic
      degradation products, presence in preparations of purified nuclei from which MAP1
      is absent, and absence from the cytosol fraction that contains MAP1.
      Immunofluorescence microscopy of cells in interphase using 8D12 reveals punctate
      staining of the nucleus, cytoplasmic microtubules, and the microtubule organizing
      center. Dividing cells display strong staining of the spindle, centrioles, and
      mid-body. The only exception to this staining pattern is marsupial Pt k2 cells
      that contain p280 in the nucleus and lack MAP1. These cells exhibit fluorescent
      staining of the nucleus and the microtubule organizing center when in interphase,
      of spindle and centrioles in mitosis, and show no staining of cytoplasmic and mid
      body microtubules.

PMID- 3856253
TI  - Interferon regulates c-myc gene expression in Daudi cells at the post
      transcriptional level.
AB  - c-myc gene mRNA is reduced by greater than 75% in the human lymphoblastoid cell
      line Daudi when growth is inhibited by treatment with human interferon beta (IFN
      beta). In the present communication, we describe the effect of IFN-beta treatment
      on transcription of the c-myc gene and on the steady-state level of c-myc mRNA in
      the cytoplasm of Daudi cells. The results show that, although the rate of c-myc
      transcription is not significantly different in nuclei isolated either from
      untreated cells or from those treated with IFN-beta for 3 or 24 hr, the level of
      c-myc mRNA in the cytoplasm is reduced by 60% within 3 hr of IFN-beta treatment.
      These results suggest that IFN-beta regulates the c-myc mRNA at a post
      transcriptional level. These results are in contrast to the regulation of two IFN
      beta-induced genes that under identical conditions are regulated in these cells
      at the transcriptional level. We have also detected induction of the (2'
      5')oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5A synthetase) gene in IFN-beta-treated Daudi
      cells. Since certain c-myc transcripts have the capacity to form double-stranded
      RNA regions, we propose that one mechanism by which c-myc could be regulated post
      transcriptionally in IFN-beta-treated cells is by activating, through its own
      double-strandedness, the 2-5A synthetase/RNase L endonuclease system, which would
      cause selective degradation of the c-myc RNA.

PMID- 3856254
TI  - DNA sequence of the mouse H-2Dd transplantation antigen gene.
AB  - The inbred BALB/c mouse has three transplantation antigens, H2-Kd, H2-Ld, and H2
      Dd. We present the complete nucleotide sequence of the H2-Dd gene as well as 777
      residues of previously unpublished H-2Dd protein sequence. These data complete
      the sequences of all the BALB/c transplantation antigen genes and permit detailed
      comparison with each other and with their counterparts from the inbred C57BL/10
      mouse. Transplantation antigens may differ from one another by as much as 5%-15%
      of their amino acid sequence for the external domains. These extensive
      differences may arise by gene conversion. The H-2D region of the BALB/c mouse
      encodes the H2-Dd and the H2-Ld genes. Serologic data suggest that at least two
      additional transplantation antigen molecules, H2-Rd and H2-Md, are encoded in the
      H-2D region of the major compatibility complex. Paradoxically, gene cloning
      studies have only identified the H2-Dd and the H2-Ld genes in the H-2D region. A
      complete DNA sequence of the H2-Dd gene shows that a variety of alternative
      splice sites exist throughout the gene, which may lead to additional gene
      products and may explain the multiplicity of H-2D-encoded polypeptides.

PMID- 3856255
TI  - Mutagenic DNA repair in Streptomyces.
AB  - Streptomyces fradiae JS6 (mcr-6) is defective in the repair of potentially lethal
      damage to DNA induced by mitomycin C (MC), hydroxylamine (NH2OH), methyl
      methanesulfonate (MMS), 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (NQO), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and ultraviolet light (UV), but it exhibits nearly
      normal sensitivity to ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced lethality. JS6 is
      substantially less mutable by MNNG, MMS, NQO, UV, NH2OH, and also EMS than is the
      parental strain. A spontaneous revertant of JS6 showed wild-type levels of
      resistance to all of these agents and wild-type levels of induced mutagenesis,
      indicating that a single mutation caused the multiple traits displayed by JS6.
      The mcr-6 gene product thus appears to control an error-prone (mutagenic) DNA
      repair system. Mediation of EMS mutagenesis by an error-prone repair pathway in
      S. fradiae, rather than by direct mispairing as in Escherichia coli, suggests
      that the streptomycetes have evolved more efficient error-avoidance mechanisms
      than those commonly observed in the single-celled eubacteria.

PMID- 3856256
TI  - Immunologic abnormalities of mice bearing the gld mutation suggest a common
      pathway for murine nonmalignant lymphoproliferative disorders with autoimmunity.
AB  - Mice bearing the autosomal recessive mutation gld have been shown to develop
      massive lymphadenopathy, hypergammaglobulinemia, and autoantibodies and to die
      prematurely with interstitial pneumonitis. In this study, lymphocytes from C3H
      gld and C3H +/+ mice were examined for a variety of phenotypic and functional
      characteristics. Spleens and lymph nodes of mutant mice were expanded by an
      aberrant population of Ly-5(B220)+ surface immunoglobulin negative cells that
      were Thy-1+Ly-1+ or Thy-1-Ly-1+. Cells from both tissues of mutant mice older
      than 8 wk were impaired in their ability to proliferate in response to allogeneic
      stimuli, and supernatants of cells stimulated with concanavalin A contained
      significantly reduced levels of interleukin 2. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses
      of spleen and lymph node cells from C3H gld mice were normal at all ages tested.
      These results are strikingly similar to those obtained with C3H mice homozygous
      for the nonallelic autosomal recessive mutation lpr. We suggest that the
      similarities between the syndromes induced by these two mutations may reflect
      alterations in different enzymes that act in a common metabolic pathway of major
      importance to the differentiation and function of T cells.

PMID- 3856257
TI  - Somatic rearrangement of T-cell antigen receptor gene in human T-cell
      malignancies.
AB  - A cDNA clone representing the gene encoding the beta chain of the human T-cell
      antigen receptor has been isolated recently. By using fragments of this cDNA as
      hybridization probes in Southern blot analysis of restriction endonuclease
      digested genomic DNA, we have now examined the structure of the gene in DNA from
      26 patients with acute leukemia and from 23 normal individuals. We have found
      that the T-cell antigen receptor gene has undergone somatic rearrangement in 14
      of 14 patients with the phenotypic diagnosis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia. In this group of patients, similar patterns of rearrangement appear to
      occur in different patients. This finding suggests that there is either a limited
      repertoire of possible rearrangements or an association between the development
      of leukemia and specific patterns of rearrangement. DNA from 6 patients with
      acute myeloblastic leukemia, 6 patients with non-B, non-T acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia, and 23 nonleukemic individuals showed no rearrangement or polymorphism.
      One case of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, however, showed rearrangement of
      both the T-cell receptor beta chain and the constant region of the immunoglobulin
      gene. Studies with mixtures of DNAs from leukemic bone marrow cells and cultured
      skin fibroblasts, as well as with remission and relapse marrow DNAs from the same
      patients, indicate that this technique can detect 1% leukemic cells in a mixed
      population. In addition, DNA from the marrow of a patient in relapse contains a
      similar rearrangement to that found in the marrow sample taken at the time of
      diagnosis, which suggests that the original clone of leukemic cells was
      responsible for relapse. Our results indicate that assessment of rearrangement of
      the T-cell antigen receptor gene will be valuable in the diagnosis and management
      of leukemia and can be used to evaluate clonality in T-cell neoplasia.

PMID- 3856258
TI  - Involvement of the nerve growth factor-inducible large external glycoprotein
      (NILE) in neurite fasciculation in primary cultures of rat brain.
AB  - The nerve growth factor-inducible large external glycoprotein (NILE) has been
      found only on the surface of neuronal cells and Schwann cells. Since NILE seems
      to be concentrated on neurites, we have investigated its possible role in the
      development of neurites in primary cultures of rat brain. Cultures of embryonic
      day 14 (E14) whole brain and cultures of postnatal day 5 (P5) cerebellum were
      grown in the presence of Fab' fragments of antibody against NILE in an attempt to
      perturb the normal pattern of neurite development. For comparison, cultures were
      treated with two other reagents that recognize neuronal cell surface molecules:
      tetanus toxin, which binds to the GD1b and GT1 gangliosides, and Fab' fragments
      of antibody against neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM). Under the conditions
      used, none of the exogenous reagents affected neurite outgrowth, but specific
      effects on neurite fasciculation were observed. Anti-NILE inhibited fasciculation
      in cultures of E14 whole brain but had no effect on fasciculation in cultures of
      P5 cerebellum. Conversely, anti-N-CAM inhibited fasciculation in cultures of P5
      cerebellum, which contain the adult form of N-CAM, but had little effect on
      fasciculation in cultures of E14 whole brain, which contain the embryonic form of
      N-CAM. Tetanus toxin had no effect on fasciculation in either culture system. Our
      results imply that NILE-mediated neurite-neurite interactions are stronger than N
      CAM (embryonic)-mediated interactions in the E14 brain cultures, whereas N-CAM
      (adult)-mediated interactions are stronger than NILE-mediated interactions in the
      P5 cerebellar cultures.

PMID- 3856259
TI  - Axonal transport of a heat shock protein in the rabbit visual system.
AB  - Intraocular injection of [35S]methionine was used to demonstrate the pronounced
      induction of a 74-kDa heat shock protein in the rabbit retina after a 3 degrees C
      increase in body temperature was generated by intravenous administration of D
      lysergic acid diethylamide. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      and fluorography revealed that the induced heat shock protein underwent axonal
      transport from retinal ganglion cells into the optic nerve and subsequently down
      the contralateral optic tract to synaptic termini in the visual projection area.
      Since the heat shock protein took more than 8 days to move down the optic nerve
      to the superior colliculus, it is transported by slow rather than by fast axonal
      transport.

PMID- 3856260
TI  - Anomalous interaction of the acetylcholine receptor protein with the nonionic
      detergent Triton X-114.
AB  - Integral membrane proteins that form water-filled channels through membranes
      often exist as aggregates of similar or identical subunits spanning the membrane.
      It has been suggested that the insertion into the membrane of the channel-forming
      domains of the subunits may impart unusual structural features to the membrane
      intercalated portions of the protein. To test this proposal, we have investigated
      the interaction of a multisubunit channel-forming integral membrane protein, the
      acetylcholine receptor protein, with the nonionic detergent Triton X-114. Whereas
      non-channel-forming integral membrane proteins that have heretofore been studied
      form mixed micelles with the detergent, the acetylcholine receptor was excluded
      from the Triton X-114 micelles. The structural implications of this result are
      discussed.

PMID- 3856261
TI  - Isolation and sequence of a human cytochrome P-450 cDNA clone.
AB  - A previously reported cDNA clone [pP450(1)] coding for a phenobarbital-inducible
      cytochrome P-450 variant of rat liver microsomal membranes, designated P
      450e(U.C.), was used as a specific hybridization probe to screen a human liver
      cDNA library. Restriction mapping showed that two of the colonies isolated
      contained plasmids coding for overlapping regions of the same cDNA sequence. The
      clone [pHP450(1)] having the longer cDNA insert (1.25 kilobase pairs) was
      sequenced. The homology between the rat and human cDNAs is 62% in their coding
      regions but is only random (24%) in the 3'-noncoding nucleotides. The amino acid
      sequence deduced from the human cDNA is 50% identical to that of P-450e(U.C.).
      The homology increases to 72% if conservative changes in amino acid residues are
      permitted. The hydropathy profile of the polypeptide encoded by pHP450(1) is
      almost identical to that of P-450e(U.C.). Regions known to be highly conserved in
      cytochrome P-450 isozymes isolated from rat, rabbit, and mouse were found to be
      conserved in the amino acid sequence derived from pHP450(1). Analysis by Southern
      blotting indicated that the human cytochrome P-450 encoded by pHP450(1) is part
      of a multigene family.

PMID- 3856262
TI  - Specific modulation of the transcription of cloned avian vitellogenin II gene by
      estradiol-receptor complex in vitro.
AB  - Avian vitellogenin-cauliflower mosaic virus hybrid gene is effectively
      transcribed in vitro in the homologous embryonic liver nuclei system. The
      transcription of the hybrid gene is modulated by the addition of an estradiol
      receptor preparation that has been shown to bind selectively to an upstream
      region of cloned vitellogenin gene. Stimulation of the transcription of cloned
      vitellogenin hybrid gene by estradiol receptor is alpha-amanitin sensitive,
      hormone dependent, and promoter specific. Simian virus 40 and Escherichia coli
      promoters are not stimulated by the estradiol-receptor complex. The endogenous
      silent vitellogenin II gene (wild type) present in the nuclei is not turned on by
      the addition of estradiol-receptor complex. Deletion or inversion of the DNA
      sequence where the estradiol-receptor complex binds results in the complete
      suppression of the in vitro stimulation of transcription by estradiol receptor.
      Correct initiation of the transcription was demonstrated by primer extension
      studies of the newly synthesized RNA.

PMID- 3856263
TI  - A fidelity assay using "dideoxy" DNA sequencing: a measurement of sequence
      dependence and frequency of forming 5-bromouracil X guanine base mispairs.
AB  - DNA replication fidelity has been assayed by using a modified DNA sequencing
      reaction. In one experimental approach, dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate (ddCTP)
      was used as a chain terminator during replication of M13 phage DNA by the large
      fragment of DNA polymerase I. The deoxyribonucleotide analogue BrdUTP was used to
      compete against ddCTP-induced chain terminations as an assay for B X G base
      mispairing (B represents bromodeoxyuridine when the analogue is present as a base
      pair or base mispair). By comparing BrdUTP to dCTP for competition against ddCTP,
      an average misincorporation frequency for BrdUMP of 0.2% was found. A similar
      average misincorporation frequency has been measured previously for the
      incorporation of radioactively labeled BrdUMP and dCMP into the synthetic
      template-primer poly-[d(G,T)] X oligo(dA). The advantage of the sequencing method
      is that an error frequency is determined for each template guanine in a defined
      DNA sequence, thus providing information on the effect of neighboring base
      sequences on fidelity. Misincorporation frequencies varied no more than 5-fold
      among 50 template guanines tested. The approach used here is not limited for use
      with nucleotide analogues but is generally applicable in determining
      misincorporation frequencies and sequence specificities for any deoxynucleoside
      triphosphate substrate. In a second experimental approach, base mispairing
      between bromouracil and guanine was demonstrated directly by using 5
      bromodideoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate (BrddUTP). A comparison of chain terminations
      attributable to BrddUTP and to dideoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate (ddTTP) revealed
      that B X A and T X A base pairs formed at about the same rate, whereas B X G
      mispairs occurred 4-10 times more frequently than T X G. The elevation in the
      frequency of B X G over T X G mispairs is consistent with the mutagenic behavior
      of the base analogue.

PMID- 3856264
TI  - Laminin binds specifically to sulfated glycolipids.
AB  - Previous studies of the agglutination of erythrocytes by the basement membrane
      glycoprotein laminin have suggested that laminin binds to gangliosides [Kennedy,
      D.W., Rohrbach, D.H., Martin, G.R., Momoi, T. & Yamada, K.M. (1983) J. Cell.
      Physiol. 114, 257-262]. Based on the following evidence, however, we find that
      laminin binds specifically to sulfatides, not gangliosides. Monogalactosyl
      sulfatides, purified from sheep erythrocytes with a yield of 4.3 mg/kg of packed
      cells, bound laminin with high affinity as did authentic bovine brain sulfatide
      (galactosylceramide-I3-sulfate). The binding activity of these lipids and of
      total erythrocyte lipids was stable to alkali and neuraminidase treatment but
      labile to dilute acid under conditions that destroy sulfatides but not
      gangliosides. Of various glycolipid and phospholipid standards tested, only
      sulfatides bound laminin with high affinity. Sulfatide binding and agglutinating
      activities of proteolytic fragments of laminin indicated that the globular end
      regions of the 200-kDa subunits are required for both activities. Thus,
      monogalactosylsulfatides, and possibly other more complex sulfated glycolipids,
      are probably involved in the agglutination of erythrocytes. These results also
      suggest a physiological function of sulfatides in cell adhesion. The
      agglutination of erythrocytes by fibronectin is also inhibited by gangliosides
      [Yamada, K.M., Kennedy, D.W., Grotendorst, G.R. & Momoi, T. (1981) J. Cell.
      Physiol. 109, 343-351]. Fibronectin, however, did not bind to sulfatides with
      high affinity but rather bound with low affinity to all anionic lipids tested,
      including phospholipids, gangliosides, and sulfatides.

PMID- 3856265
TI  - Exclusive nuclear location of estrogen receptors in Squalus testis.
AB  - An estrogen (E)-binding molecule having both occupied and unoccupied sites is
      restricted to nuclear subfractions in the testis of the spiny dogfish (Squalus
      acanthias). We investigated the hypothesis that a species characterized by high
      body-fluid osmolarity (1010 mosM) has an estrogen receptor (ER) that binds to
      chromatin with high affinity and consequently resists redistribution during
      tissue processing. Although the steroid binding and sedimentation properties of
      the Squalus nuclear ER conformed to those of classical ER, its elution maximum
      from DNA-cellulose was unusually high (0.55 M NaCl). A tendency to adhere tightly
      to cell nuclei was reflected in the high salt concentration (0.43 M KCl) required
      to extract 50% of the receptors from the nuclear compartment during
      homogenization and in the stability of the nuclear ER population in the presence
      of high concentrations of a nonionic solute (urea) or increased buffer volume.
      Mixing and redistribution experiments showed that nuclear ER could be
      quantitatively and qualitatively measured in cytosolic extracts, ruling out the
      possibility that soluble receptors were being masked. Although Squalus oviduct ER
      was similar to that of testis, ER in the testis and liver of a related
      elasmobranch (Potamotrygon) that maintains osmotic equilibrium at 300 mosM more
      closely resembled mammalian ER in its elution maximum from DNA-cellulose (0.22 M
      NaCl) and cytosolic/nuclear ratios in low-salt buffers. We conclude that Squalus
      testis has a single ER pool located exclusively in the nuclear compartment. These
      observations support a revised concept of steroid action and further indicate
      that the chromatin affinity of the hormone-ER complex is an important factor in
      determining subfractional distribution during tissue processing.

PMID- 3856266
TI  - Recombination in mouse L cells between DNA introduced into cells and homologous
      chromosomal sequences.
AB  - In this paper, we show that DNA added to mouse L cells by the calcium phosphate
      method can be inserted into the genome of those cells by homologous
      recombination. The insertion event is detected because it reconstructs a
      functional thymidine kinase (tk) gene from two defective genes that share 320
      base pairs of homology. One of the genes is missing its 5' portion (tk delta 5')
      and is in the cell's chromosome, and the other is missing its 3' portion (tk
      delta 3') and is in the introduced DNA. Gene reconstruction by homologous
      insertion is relatively inefficient; approximately one Tk+ transformant is
      produced per 10(6) cells per 4 micrograms of added tk DNA, a frequency of about
      10(-5) that of normal tk gene transformation. The Tk+ transformants produced by
      homologous recombination contain Sma I and Pvu II fragments that are diagnostic
      of the intact tk gene, contain a herpesvirus-specific thymidine kinase activity,
      and can transfer the Tk+ phenotype to Tk- cells by DNA-mediated gene transfer.
      Two surprising observations made in the course of these studies were that only 1
      of 10 Tk- cell lines containing defective tk genes could be transformed to Tk+ by
      homologous insertion of the complementary defective tk gene and that relatively
      little illegitimate insertion of introduced tk DNA into cellular DNA was detected
      in those cells that were transformed to Tk+ by homologous recombination.

PMID- 3856268
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of thaumatin I, an intensely sweet protein.
AB  - Thaumatin and monellin are the two sweetest compounds known to man--about 100,000
      times sweeter than sugar on a molar basis and 3000 times on a weight basis. These
      proteins represent a unique class of proteins that are taste-active. We report
      the three-dimensional structure of thaumatin I at 3.1 A resolution.

PMID- 3856267
TI  - A minimal ribosomal RNA: sequence and secondary structure of the 9S kinetoplast
      ribosomal RNA from Leishmania tarentolae.
AB  - The portion of the Leishmania tarentolae kinetoplast maxicircle DNA encoding the
      9S RNA gene was sequenced, and the 5' and 3' ends of the transcript were
      determined. A secondary structure for the 9S RNA was determined based on the
      Escherichia coli 16S model. The 610-nucleotide 9S RNA exhibits a minimal
      secondary structure in which all four domains of the E. coli 16S structure are
      preserved. Within domains, however, some stems and loops have been greatly
      reduced or eliminated entirely. It is presumed that these reduced domains
      represent the minimal essential small ribosomal RNA secondary structures
      necessary for a functional ribosome. Alignment of the L. tarentolae 9S rRNA
      sequence with the published Trypanosoma brucei 9S rRNA sequence shows a
      nucleotide similarity of 84% and a transversion/transition ratio of 1.66.

PMID- 3856269
TI  - Effects of fibrinogen-binding tetrapeptides on mechanical properties of fine
      fibrin clots.
AB  - The tetrapeptides Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro and Gly-His-Arg-Pro, analogs of the amino
      termini of the alpha and beta chains of fibrin monomer, respectively, were
      introduced by diffusion into fine unligated fibrin clots. Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro
      decreased the shear modulus of elasticity progressively and at a concentration of
      5.8 mM the clot was eventually liquefied. The decrease in elastic modulus was
      accompanied by enormously enhanced viscoelastic creep under shear stress and
      irrecoverable deformation after removal of stress. However, the differential
      compliance (or modulus) for clots containing the tetrapeptide remained constant
      during creep and creep recovery, so the structure rearranged under stress without
      any permanent damage. Ligation with factor XIIIa and calcium largely eliminated
      these effects. From these changes in mechanical properties, it appears that Gly
      Pro-Arg-Pro competes for binding sites, with consequent depolymerization. The
      tetrapeptide Gly-His-Arg-Pro at comparable concentrations decreased the modulus
      and increased the creep to a lesser degree; when combined with Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro it
      enhanced the effectiveness of the latter.

PMID- 3856270
TI  - The Ca2+-binding protein parvalbumin: molecular cloning and developmental
      regulation of mRNA abundance.
AB  - Parvalbumin (PV) is a Ca2+-binding protein found only in vertebrates. It is
      postulated to serve as a soluble relaxing factor in fast mammalian muscle. We
      have isolated a rat PV cDNA clone and used this as a probe to examine changes in
      PV mRNA during muscle and brain development. A cDNA library was constructed in
      PUC8/PUC9 plasmid vectors from adult poly(A)+ RNA isolated from rat gastrocnemius
      muscle. The library was screened with a 17-mer oligonucleotide encoding amino
      acids 28-33 of rat PV. One recombinant (9f) was confirmed as a PV clone by DNA
      sequencing and was shown to contain 73% of the protein coding sequence.
      Hybridization of clone 9f to RNA separated by electrophoresis revealed two
      species 700 and 1100 nucleotides long but genomic blotting indicates that PV may
      be a single copy gene. Highest levels of PV mRNA are found in the gastrocnemius,
      which is a fast contracting/relaxing muscle. Skin contains the next highest
      amount of PV mRNA followed, in order, by brain and the slow twitch soleus muscle.
      Rat muscle PV mRNA levels increase 15- to 20-fold between postnatal days 4 and 20
      as measured by dot blot hybridization of total RNA, whereas only a slight
      increase was observed when young and adult brains were compared. The changes in
      PV mRNA during development appear to be selective, because mRNA coding for the
      structurally homologous Ca2+-binding protein calmodulin (CaM) was found to change
      only slightly in muscle. However, CaM mRNA levels decrease during the early days
      of brain ontogeny. Thus, the mRNAs that encode the homologous Ca2+-binding
      proteins PV and CaM appear to be developmentally regulated in a tissue-specific
      manner.

PMID- 3856271
TI  - Interaction of mouse mammary epithelial cells with collagen substrata: regulation
      of casein gene expression and secretion.
AB  - Mouse mammary epithelial cells (MMEC) secrete certain milk proteins only when
      cultured on floating collagen gels. We demonstrate here that modulation of milk
      proteins by substrata is manifested at several regulatory levels; (i) Cells
      cultured on floating collagen gels have 3- to 10-fold more casein mRNA than cells
      cultured on plastic or attached collagen gels. (ii) Cells on the latter two
      "flat" substrata, nevertheless, synthesize a significant amount of caseins,
      indicating that the remaining mRNA is functional. (iii) Cells on all substrata
      are inducible for casein mRNA and casein proteins by prolactin, but the extent of
      induction is greater on collagen than that on plastic--i.e., the substratum
      confers an altered degree of inducibility. (iv) Cells on all substrata synthesize
      casein proteins at rates proportional to the amount of casein mRNA, but the newly
      synthesized caseins in cells on plastic are degraded intracellularly, whereas
      those synthesized by cells on floating gels are secreted into the medium. (v)
      Cells on all substrata examined lose virtually all mRNA for whey acidic protein
      despite the fact that this mRNA is abundant in the mammary gland itself; we
      conclude that additional, as-yet-unknown, factors are necessary for synthesis and
      secretion of whey acidic protein in culture.

PMID- 3856272
TI  - On the origin of species of fibronectin.
AB  - Multiple different subunits of fibronectin are known to occur and their origin
      has been unclear. Recent results showing that a single fibronectin gene can give
      rise to several different mRNAs by alternative splicing suggested an explanation
      for some of this diversity of fibronectin subunits. Because the alternative
      splicing events occur within the coding region, the mRNAs differ in coding
      potential. We have prepared recombinant phage containing a rat fibronectin cDNA
      segment that is present in some fibronectin mRNAs and not in others. This segment
      was inserted in the beta-galatosidase gene of lambda gt11, and fusion protein
      produced by lysogens of the recombinant phage was purified and used as immunogen.
      The resulting antisera recognized some subunits of rat and hamster fibronectins
      but not others, indicating that inclusion or removal of this segment gives rise
      to mRNAs that encode different fibronectin subunits. In particular, presence or
      absence of a 95 amino acid segment appears to account for differences in size
      among the subunits of plasma fibronectin, whose origin is therefore explained by
      alternative patterns of RNA splicing.

PMID- 3856273
TI  - Enzyme-controlled scavenging of ascorbyl and 2,6-dimethoxy-semiquinone free
      radicals in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
AB  - The rate of scavenging by Ehrlich ascites cells of anionic ascorbyl and 2,6
      dimethoxy-p-semiquinone free radicals has been investigated by electron spin
      resonance spectroscopy both for viable cells and for subcellular fractions
      obtained by differential centrifugation. The scavenging activity is concluded to
      be associated with an NAD(P)H enzyme containing an active sulfhydryl group.
      Attempts to identify the enzyme with the reported properties of either semi
      dehydro-ascorbate reductase or DT-diaphorase have not been successful. The
      overall free-radical scavenging activity for viable cells is dextrose dependent
      and is controlled by the coulombic barrier associated with the cell-surface
      charge. The cytotoxicity of the mixture of ascorbic acid with 2,6-dimethoxy-p
      benzoquinone is concluded to result from a loss of NAD(P)H reducing power in the
      cells.

PMID- 3856274
TI  - Calcium channel antagonists inhibit the acrosome reaction and bind to plasma
      membranes of sea urchin sperm.
AB  - As a prerequisite to fertilization, sea urchin sperm undergo an acrosome reaction
      that is mediated in part by increased permeability to Ca2+, with an attendant
      rapid, massive intracellular Ca2+ accumulation. The acrosome reaction is
      inhibited by Ca2+ channel antagonists, including verapamil, D600, and
      dihydropyridines such as nitrendipine, nimodipine, and nisoldipine. To examine
      the interaction of Ca2+ antagonists with sperm, a plasma membrane preparation
      enriched for Na+,K+-ATPase was isolated from sea urchin sperm. These plasma
      membranes specifically bound [3H]nitrendipine and [3H]verapamil at concentrations
      similar to those that inhibit the acrosome reaction. The binding of verapamil was
      sigmoidal and half-maximal at 1 microM. There was a high specificity in the
      binding interaction, since by competition binding verapamil, (-)-D600, and (+)
      D600 had different relative Kd values, 11, 2.5, and 0.5 microM, respectively.
      These data suggest that sperm mediate the Ca2+ influx required for induction of
      the acrosome reaction via Ca2+ channels with properties similar, but not
      identical, to those of other excitable tissues.

PMID- 3856275
TI  - Tissue-specific levels of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase correlate with
      methylation of specific sites at the 3' end of the gene.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a ubiquitous enzyme that supplies the
      cell with NADPH required for a variety of reductive reactions and biosynthetic
      processes. Therefore, the gene G6PD, located in mammals on the X chromosome, that
      specifies G6PD can be regarded as a typical housekeeping gene. We have
      investigated the expression of human G6PD in eight different fetal and adult
      tissues by determining the level of enzyme activity, the level of G6PD mRNA, and
      the methylation pattern of the 3' end of the gene, for which we have nucleic acid
      probes. By combining sequence information with results of Southern blot analysis
      of DNA samples digested with the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme Hpa II,
      we have identified five specific sites that are unmethylated in all tissues
      examined, a number of sites that are uniformly methylated, and a number of sites
      that are sometimes methylated. A subset of Hpa II sites, designated on our
      restriction map as H37-H55, exhibit positive correlation between degree of
      methylation, level of mRNA, and level of G6PD activity. A comparison of these
      methylation patterns with those we previously have observed in the G6PD gene on
      the inactive X chromosome [Toniolo, D., D'Urso, M., Martini, G., Persico, M.G.,
      Tufano, V., Battistuzzi, G. & Luzzatto, L. (1984) EMBO J. 3, 1987-1995] indicates
      that different sites are associated with X-inactivation and with the regulation
      of G6PD on the active X chromosome. We conclude that this housekeeping gene is
      subject to tissue-specific transcriptional regulation, which in turn correlates
      with methylation of specific sites located at and near the 3' end of the gene.

PMID- 3856277
TI  - Strong antitumor activities of IgG3 antibodies to a human melanoma-associated
      ganglioside.
AB  - Three mouse monoclonal IgG3 antibodies, 2B2, IF4, and MG-21, recognize a GD3
      ganglioside antigen that is expressed at the cell surface of most human
      melanomas. All three antibodies mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
      (ADCC) in vitro when tested with human lymphocytes as effector cells in a 2-hr or
      4-hr 51Cr-release test, and one antibody, MG-21, also gives strong complement
      dependent cytotoxicity with human serum. Antibody 2B2, which gives ADCC also in
      the presence of mouse lymphocytes, inhibited the outgrowth of a human melanoma in
      nude mice, but antibody IF4, which showed no ADCC with mouse lymphocyte
      effectors, did not.

PMID- 3856278
TI  - Isolation of a cDNA clone encoding pancreatic polypeptide.
AB  - We have isolated a cDNA clone encoding pancreatic polypeptide from a cDNA library
      constructed with RNA from an endocrine neoplasm of the human pancreas. The cDNA
      was inserted into plasmid pBR322 and the plasmid was cloned in Escherichia coli.
      Oligonucleotides (sequence in text) specific for the amino acid sequence
      (sequence in text) of pancreatic polypeptide were used as hybridization probes.
      The pancreatic polypeptide cDNA isolated was 465 base pairs long and encoded a
      peptide of 95 amino acids in the coding region. The 36-amino acid sequence of
      pancreatic polypeptide was flanked by a 29-amino acid putative leader sequence at
      the amino terminus and a connecting tripeptide (Gly-Lys-Arg) followed by a 27
      amino acid peptide at the carboxyl terminus. The first 20 of the amino acids in
      the carboxyl-terminal heptacosapeptide were identical to the structure of human
      pancreatic icosapeptide with the single exception of an isoleucine substitution
      for valine in the 18th position. This alteration results from an A----G
      substitution in the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA and may represent a genetic
      variation or a point mutation in the pancreatic polypeptide cDNA.

PMID- 3856276
TI  - Characterization of an HLA DR beta pseudogene.
AB  - The class II molecules of the human major histocompatibility complex include the
      DR, DC, and SB antigens, each composed of an alpha and a beta polypeptide chain.
      We have isolated a DR beta gene in overlapping cosmid clones made from genomic
      DNA of a Dw4/DR4 homozygous individual. This gene consists of six exons and spans
      greater than 20 kilobases. Upon sequencing, it was found to possess several
      deleterious mutations, each capable of rendering the gene nonfunctional: (i) four
      splice junctions deviate from the G-T/A-G rule; (ii) two premature termination
      codons are present in the first domain exon; (iii) a 2-base-pair insertion causes
      a translational frame shift in the second domain exon. In addition, several amino
      acid residues that are conserved in all known expressed beta chains have been
      replaced in the amino acid sequence predicted from the pseudogene. Analysis of
      the pattern of nucleotide substitutions in the second domain exon suggests that
      most amino acid replacements occurred after the gene was inactivated. The
      inactivation may have been caused by insertion of a Kpn I repeat 5' to the
      promoter region, thereby interfering with transcription of the gene through
      removal of transcriptional enhancer elements. The DR beta pseudogene seems to be
      present also in other DR4 individuals.

PMID- 3856279
TI  - High glucose concentrations partially release hexokinase from inhibition by
      glucose 6-phosphate.
AB  - The phosphorylation of glucose by human erythrocyte hexokinase follows classical
      Michaelis-Menten kinetics; hexokinase manifests maximum activity at 5 mM glucose,
      and no further increase in activity can be measured at higher glucose
      concentrations. However, the erythrocytes of diabetics and normal erythrocytes
      incubated with high concentrations of glucose contain increased concentrations of
      glucose 6-phosphate. To elucidate the mechanism of accumulation of glucose 6
      phosphate when erythrocytes are exposed to high glucose concentrations,
      hexokinase activity was examined in the presence of naturally occurring
      inhibitors, such as glucose 1,6-bisphosphate, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, ADP, and
      glucose 6-phosphate at physiological concentrations. Without inhibitors or in the
      presence of glucose 1,6-bisphosphate,2,3-diphosphoglycerate, and ADP, maximum
      hexokinase activity was observed at 5 mM glucose concentration. On the contrary,
      in the presence of glucose 6-phosphate, hexokinase activity increased at glucose
      concentrations greater than 5 mM; inhibition by glucose 6-phosphate was partially
      competitive with glucose. The relief by glucose of glucose 6-phosphate inhibition
      of hexokinase is a possible explanation of the increased glucose 6-phosphate
      level in diabetic erythrocytes.

PMID- 3856280
TI  - Nerves in the spine of a sea urchin: a neglected division of the echinoderm
      nervous system.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the primary spines (greater than 10 cm long) of the
      tropical sea urchin Diadema antillarum elicits graded compound action potentials
      that are conducted at a constant speed of approximately equal to 27 cm/sec. Ion
      substitution experiments suggest that these are due to the summation of calcium
      spikes. Structural studies have revealed the presence of up to 21 regularly
      disposed nerves within the spine shaft, each nerve bundle including greater than
      1000 neurites in the basal region, narrowing to slender groups of processes near
      the spine tip. The neurites in each nerve range in diameter from less than 0.1-
      approximately equal to 2 micron. Most appear to be distal processes of presumed
      sensory perikarya situated at the level of the tissue cone surrounding the spine
      base, or more proximally, although some neurites may arise from perikarya near
      the spine tip. These nerve tracts are thought to correspond to the nerve fibers
      described by Hamann [(1887) Jena Z. Naturwiss. 21, 114-176] almost a century ago
      in spines of Centrostephanus longispinus and, thus, to represent a long-neglected
      region of the echinoid nervous system.

PMID- 3856281
TI  - Dissociation from albumin: a potentially rate-limiting step in the clearance of
      substances by the liver.
AB  - The hepatic uptake rate for certain albumin-bound drugs and metabolites
      correlates poorly with their equilibrium unbound concentration in the plasma,
      suggesting that binding equilibrium may not always exist within the hepatic
      sinusoids. Currently available models for the uptake process assume binding
      equilibrium and, thus, cannot be used to investigate this possibility. This
      report presents a more general model that treats plasma-bound and free
      concentrations separately. A solution is provided that specifies the hepatic
      uptake rate as a function of the total plasma concentrations of the transported
      substance and of binding protein and the rate constants for influx, efflux,
      elimination, association, dissociation, and flow. Analysis of this solution
      indicates that hepatic uptake may be limited by the rate of plasma flow,
      dissociation from the binding protein, influx into the liver, cellular
      elimination, or any combination of these processes. The affinity and
      concentration of the binding protein strongly influence which of these steps are
      rate-limiting in any given case, and binding equilibrium exists within the
      hepatic sinusoids only for binding protein concentrations greater than a
      specified value (the ratio of the uptake and association rate constants). The
      precise conditions under which each step is rate-limiting and the kinetic
      behavior expected when two or more steps mutually limit uptake are provided. The
      results are compatible with previously reported data for the uptake of certain
      albumin-bound ligands such as bilirubin, and they offer an alternative to
      attributing these kinetics to the presence of an albumin receptor.

PMID- 3856282
TI  - Sodium salicylate does not prevent the inhibitory effect of indomethacin on
      thromboxane formation in human blood ex vivo.
AB  - Thromboxane formation during spontaneous blood clotting as well as plasma levels
      of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable metabolites of TXA2 and prostacyclin,
      were measured by radioimmunoassay two hours after oral administration of
      indomethacin (25 mg), sodium salicylate (250 mg) and their combination to human
      volunteers. Indomethacin effectively suppressed the tremendous formation of TXB2
      during blood clotting whereas sodium salicylate had only a slight inhibitory
      effect on TXB2 synthesis. The combination of indomethacin and sodium salicylate
      inhibited the formation of thromboxane even slightly more effectively than
      indomethacin alone. Plasma TXB2 level was decreased after the combination
      treatment but not after administration of either of the drugs alone. Plasma 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha level was not changed by any of the treatments. The present study
      suggests that simultaneous oral administration of sodium salicylate together with
      indomethacin at a combination ratio of 10 to 1 does not significantly interfere
      with the inhibitory effects of indomethacin on thromboxane synthesis in human
      blood ex vivo.

PMID- 3856283
TI  - Plasma essential fatty acids in pure and mixed race American Indians on and off a
      diet exceptionally rich in salmon.
AB  - Eskimos on a traditional diet have unusually low prevalences of cardiovascular
      disease and cancer. One possible reason is the high intake of eicosapentaenoic
      acid (EPA) which is thought to account for the high EPA and low arachidonic acid
      (AA) levels in Eskimo plasma. People who also consume a traditional diet
      exceptionally rich in EPA are the Indians of the west coast of Vancouver Island.
      There are about 12,000 of these people and their traditional diet has been
      affected much less than that of the Eskimos. When on their traditional diet the
      Vancouver Island Indians, like the Eskimos, have high EPA and low AA levels in
      plasma. When eating European food, EPA levels are in the European range, but AA
      levels are still exceptionally low, a finding also reported from Eskimos living
      in Denmark. In a small mixed race group, AA levels were intermediate between
      those in pure Indians and in Europeans. The high EPA levels in Eskimos and West
      Coast Indians are related to diet. The low AA levels, in contrast, are probably
      genetically determined. Unusual disease patterns in these populations cannot be
      entirely attributed to diet.

PMID- 3856284
TI  - Inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism is not involved in dexamethasone
      induced growth inhibition in embryonic palatal development.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that glucocorticoids induce cleft palate in
      susceptible strains of mice and inhibit proliferation of palatal mesenchyme cells
      in vivo and in culture. The present study shows that the synthetic
      glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX), inhibits serum-stimulated arachidonic acid
      release in cultured mouse palatal mesenchyme cells. Arachidonic acid could
      neither prevent the DEX effect on cell proliferation when added in culture nor
      prevent glucocorticoid-induced cleft palate when administered in vivo.
      Furthermore, the time course for DEX-induced inhibition of arachidonic acid
      release (maximal by 5h) is markedly different from the time courses for both
      inhibition of cell proliferation in culture and cleft palate induction in vivo (3
      to 4 days). These results suggest that both DEX-induced cleft palate formation
      and inhibition of palatal cell proliferation arise from some mechanism other than
      a DEX-induced inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism.

PMID- 3856285
TI  - Immunoreactive thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in neonatal
      hyperbilirubinemia.
AB  - To study the effects of hyperbilirubinemia on platelet thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and
      vascular prostacyclin (PGI2) production in newborn infants, the stable
      metabolites of these prostanoids, thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin
      F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), respectively, were studied in 48 hyperbilirubinemic
      (serum total bilirubin concentrations between 100 and 320 mumol/1) term infants
      before and after phototherapy at the age of 2-10 days. The effect of bilirubin on
      platelet TxA2 production was also determined in vitro. The production of TxB2
      during spontaneous clotting in infants with moderate hyperbilirubinemia (serum
      total bilirubin 171-250 mumol/1) was higher than that in infants with mild (serum
      bilirubin 100-170 mumol/1) or marked (serum bilirubin greater than 250 mumol/1)
      jaundice. There was, in addition, an inverse correlation (r = -0.625, p less than
      0.01, n = 20) between TxB2 formation and serum total bilirubin concentrations in
      infants with total bilirubin concentrations over 170 mumol/1. Platelet TxB2
      production was enhanced at low (200 mumol/1), but decreased at high (400-1600
      mumol/1) concentrations of bilirubin in vitro. Although phototherapy reduced the
      serum bilirubin levels, it did not change the TxB2 generation. Neither
      hyperbilirubinemia nor phototherapy had any effect on the plasma 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha levels. The results indicate a dual effect of bilirubin on the TxA2
      production in neonatal platelets. This may contribute to the hemostatic
      disturbances in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

PMID- 3856286
TI  - The extended trapezius musculocutaneous flap for cranio-orbital facial
      reconstruction.
AB  - The use of the extended posterior trapezius muscle skin flap for cranio-orbital
      facial reconstruction is presented. Its enormous arc of rotation allows it to
      reliably reconstruct massive defects of the upper face with the orbit at the
      center of the defect; i.e., this flap will reach well beyond the supraorbital rim
      and across the midline. Its application for the immediate reconstruction of
      massive deformities following resection of tumors of the orbit and cranial base
      appears justified and helps avoid the major morbidity normally associated with
      such resections.

PMID- 3856287
TI  - Cephalometric analysis of postsurgical skeletal changes following mandibular
      advancement surgery.

PMID- 3856288
TI  - Current advances in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

PMID- 3856289
TI  - Changing patterns of dental caries.

PMID- 3856290
TI  - Revolutions and renaissance in dentistry.

PMID- 3856291
TI  - The role of the dentist in archaeologic investigation: an unusual facial fracture
      with healing occurring 3,000 years ago.

PMID- 3856292
TI  - Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma): CT manifestations.
AB  - Nests of granulocytic tumor cells in patients who have myelogenous leukemia are
      termed chloromas. Eight cases of chloroma seen on CT were reviewed. Lymph nodes,
      subcutaneous tissues, peritoneum, pleural space, pelvis, and portal hepatis were
      involved. Two patients exhibited chloroma as the sole manifestation of their
      disease during bone marrow remission. The extracranial appearance of chloroma on
      CT is that of small, nonenhancing, nodular densities that resemble lymphoma.
      Cranial involvement is characteristically in the orbit. The central nervous
      system appearance is variable, however, and high attenuation masses may occur
      that mimic lymphoma, hematoma, and metastatic neuroblastoma. The recognition of
      these lesions is important, since radiation, not chemotherapy, is often the
      preferred treatment for localized chloroma.

PMID- 3856293
TI  - Oral PGE2 inhibits gastric acid secretion in man.
AB  - The effect of oral prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on gastric acid secretion was examined
      in healthy subjects. The gastric secretion was stimulated by a modified
      shamfeeding procedure. Each subject underwent one control test and three tests
      with intragastrically administered graded doses of PGE2: 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg.
      Oral PGE2 significantly suppressed the peak and total acid response to vagal
      stimulation. The total acid output in controls was 27.5 +/- 3.2 mmol/90 min and
      20.8 +/- 2.8, 15.8 +/- 2.2 (p less than 0.01) and 15.9 +/- 3.8 (p less than
      0.005) mmol/90 min in test series with 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg PGE2 respectively. The
      two higher doses were equally inhibitory to an average 40%. Gastric outputs of
      sodium and potassium in response to modified shamfeeding were reduced by PGE2. In
      controls there was a significant release of plasma-gastrin in response to
      shamfeeding. Plasma-gastrin was apparently suppressed after the two lower doses
      of PGE2 but 2.0 mg PGE2 gave an elevation similar to controls. Thus the study
      demonstrates that oral natural PGE2 suppresses the gastric acid secretion in man.
      The absence of such an effect in prior studies has been one of the objections
      against an acid regulatory action of endogenously formed prostaglandins. The
      present results do not support this argument.

PMID- 3856294
TI  - The measurement of human endometrial prostaglandin production. A comparison of
      two in vitro methods.
AB  - Two in vitro methods for measuring human endometrial prostaglandin production
      were compared. Endometrial samples from eight patients were incubated over eight
      hours by a perifusion and a superfusion technique. The collected fractions were
      assayed by radioimmunoassay for PGE2 and PGF2 alpha. There was no significant
      difference between the perifusion and superfusion methods for the pattern and
      amount of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha production with time. Significantly higher
      production levels of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were found in secretory phase endometria
      than in proliferative phase endometria. Histological examination of the tissue
      specimens by light and electron microscopy showed that both methods caused gross
      tissue damage after eight hours experimentation. The superfusion method produced
      more morphological damage than the perifusion method. However, no tissue damage
      could be detected after one hour of incubation with either method. Over an eight
      hour period neither the perifusion nor the superfusion technique appears to be a
      good indicator of in vivo endometrial prostaglandin production. Either technique
      used for only one to two hours may better reflect the in vivo situation.

PMID- 3856296
TI  - Motivation: the manager's challenge.

PMID- 3856295
TI  - Techniques for porcelain shade consistency.

PMID- 3856297
TI  - Current advances in removable prosthodontics.

PMID- 3856298
TI  - [Paget's osteosarcoma: prevention, diagnosis, attitude, prognosis. Apropos of a
      case].

PMID- 3856299
TI  - Infection control in the dental laboratory.

PMID- 3856300
TI  - Anchoring the periodontal splint.

PMID- 3856301
TI  - P-M-M: how to plan, measure, and motivate your way to improved productivity and
      quality standards.

PMID- 3856302
TI  - Taking the mystery out of the Commission on Dental Accreditation.

PMID- 3856303
TI  - CDT today: the orthodontic specialty examination.

PMID- 3856304
TI  - The big, BIG question: how much is my laboratory worth?

PMID- 3856306
TI  - CDT today: can we schedule an examination here?

PMID- 3856305
TI  - Classic marketing principles for the modern dental laboratory.

PMID- 3856307
TI  - The future of medical practice.

PMID- 3856308
TI  - Orbital causes of red eye. Differential diagnosis in essential to initiate
      appropriate and possibly life-saving therapy.

PMID- 3856309
TI  - Alcoholism and the role of the physician.

PMID- 3856310
TI  - Cultural and social aspects of alcohol use: general and local issues.

PMID- 3856311
TI  - Treating alcoholism in Rhode Island: 1974-1984.

PMID- 3856312
TI  - Platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine transport and storage in myeloproliferative
      disorders.
AB  - Platelets of patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MD) such as
      polycythaemia vera (PV), chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML), idiopathic
      myelofibrosis (IM) and essential thrombocythaemia (ET) have been found to have
      low 5HT levels measured both by a fluorimetric and a liquid chromatographic
      assay. Km and Vmax for platelet active uptake of 3H-5HT were not significantly
      different in controls and patients. Inhibition of 5HT reuptake by imipramine or
      induction of moderate release by fenfluramine were not sufficient to distinguish
      the group of MD platelets from controls, although some patients had less of a
      tendency to retain intraplatelet amine. The low platelet 5HT content found in our
      patients seems not to be the consequence of disturbed active transport of 5HT
      across platelet membrane. Although defective storage of this amine within the
      cell is probable, the results of the present study do not rule out the
      possibility that platelets from MD patients undergo in vivo activation by
      endogenous stimuli not inhibited by aspirin. 10 d treatment with aspirin did not
      result in any significant rise in intraplatelet 5HT concentration.

PMID- 3856313
TI  - A case of Burkitt lymphoma-L3ALL with t(8;14) translocation, developed 10 years
      after Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - We report the case of a 38-year-old man, previously treated for Hodgkin's disease
      (HD) with chemo-radiotherapy who, 10 years later, developed a Burkitt lymphoma
      (BL) as a tumour mass of the ascendent colon and regional lymph nodes and,
      subsequently, on leukaemic bone-marrow cells, on the basis of histological,
      immunological (B phenotype, IgM-lambda) and cytogenetic, translocation t(8;14)
      features. The patient died a few days later; at autopsy no evidence of HD was
      found. This is the 2nd case of BL developing after HD so far described. The
      relationship between the 2 diseases is discussed and the importance of the
      immunodepression in the pathogenesis of the secondary Burkitt lymphoma is
      emphasized.

PMID- 3856315
TI  - Family practice residency training and the community health center.

PMID- 3856314
TI  - Sixty year old caucasian female with nasal congestion and abnormal chest x-ray.

PMID- 3856316
TI  - Twenty-one year old caucasian male with right testicular mass.

PMID- 3856317
TI  - Congenital cystic anomalies of the biliary tract.

PMID- 3856318
TI  - Conduct disorders and other psychiatric disorders: results of an inpatient
      service.

PMID- 3856319
TI  - Coexpression of translocated and normal c-myc oncogenes in hybrids between Daudi
      and lymphoblastoid cells.
AB  - Mechanisms that affect the transcription of the c-myc oncogene take part in the
      development of B-cell neoplasias such as Burkitt's lymphoma. Daudi Burkitt
      lymphoma cells, which express only the translocated c-myc oncogene, were
      hybridized with human lymphoblastoid cells, which express the normal c-myc gene;
      the hybrids were phenotypically lymphoblastoid and expressed both the
      translocated and the normal c-myc gene. This result contrasts with the findings
      that the decapitated c-myc gene, translocated to an immunoglobulin switch mu or
      alpha region, is transcriptionally silent in lymphoblastoid hybrids. Thus, there
      may be at least two distinct enhancer-like elements capable of deregulating c-myc
      transcription in lymphomas and leukemias with t(8;14) chromosome translocations.
      In addition, since the Daudi X lymphoblastoid hybrids express both the
      translocated and the normal c-myc gene, the c-myc gene product does not
      autoregulate c-myc transcription.

PMID- 3856320
TI  - Rifkin and NIH win in court ruling.

PMID- 3856321
TI  - Control of cytochrome P1-450 gene expression by dioxin.
AB  - The environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) may
      produce its effects by altering gene expression in susceptible cells. In mouse
      hepatoma cells, TCDD induces the transcription of the cytochrome P1-450 gene,
      whose product, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, contributes both to the
      detoxification and to the metabolic activation of carcinogenic polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbons. A DNA fragment containing sequences flanking the 5' end of
      the cytochrome P1-450 gene was isolated and analyzed. This DNA fragment contains
      a cis-acting control element with at least three functional domains: a putative
      promoter, an inhibitory domain upstream from the promoter that blocks its
      function, and a TCDD-responsive domain still farther (1265 to 1535 base pairs)
      upstream of the promoter. These findings, together with results from earlier
      studies, imply that transcription of the cytochrome P1-450 gene is under both
      positive and negative control by at least two trans-acting regulatory factors.

PMID- 3856322
TI  - Gene transfer and expression of human phenylalanine hydroxylase.
AB  - Phenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by a genetic deficiency of the enzyme
      phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). A full-length complementary DNA clone of human
      PAH was inserted into a eukaryotic expression vector and transferred into mouse
      NIH3T3 cells which do not normally express PAH. The transformed mouse cells
      expressed PAH messenger RNA, immunoreactive protein, and enzymatic activity that
      are characteristic of the normal human liver products, demonstrating that a
      single gene contains all of the necessary genetic information to code for
      functional PAH. These results support the use of the human PAH probe in prenatal
      diagnosis and detection of carriers, to provide new opportunities for the
      biochemical characterization of normal and mutant enzymes, and in the
      investigation of alternative genetic therapies for PKU.

PMID- 3856323
TI  - Sequence of the alpha subunit of photoreceptor G protein: homologies between
      transducin, ras, and elongation factors.
AB  - A bovine retinal complementary DNA clone encoding the alpha subunit of transducin
      (T alpha) was isolated with the use of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides as probes,
      and the complete nucleotide sequence of the insert was determined. THe predicted
      protein sequence of 354 amino acids includes the known sequences of four tryptic
      peptides and sequences adjacent to the residues that undergo adenosine
      diphosphate ribosylation by cholera toxin and pertussis toxin. On the basis of
      homologies to other proteins, such as the elongation factors of protein synthesis
      and the ras oncogene proteins, regions are identified that are predicted to be
      acylated and involved in guanine nucleotide binding and hydrolysis. Amino acid
      sequence similarity between T alpha and ras is confined to these regions of the
      molecules.

PMID- 3856324
TI  - Molecular cloning of the complementary DNA for human tumor necrosis factor.
AB  - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a soluble protein that causes damage to tumor
      cells but has no effect on normal cells. Human TNF was purified to apparent
      homogeneity as a 17.3-kilodalton protein from HL-60 leukemia cells and showed
      cytotoxic and cytostatic activities against various human tumor cell lines. The
      amino acid sequence was determined for the amino terminal end of the purified
      protein, and oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes were synthesized on the basis of
      this sequence. Complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding human TNF was cloned from
      induced HL-60 messenger RNA and was confirmed by hybrid-selection assay, direct
      expression in COS-7 cells, and nucleotide sequence analysis. The human TNF cDNA
      is 1585 base pairs in length and encodes a protein of 233 amino acids. The mature
      protein begins at residue 77, leaving a long leader sequence of 76 amino acids.
      Expression of high levels of human TNF in Escherichia coli was accomplished under
      control of the bacteriophage lambda PL promoter and gene N ribosome binding site.

PMID- 3856325
TI  - Problems and pitfalls in the use of computed tomography for the local evaluation
      of long bone osteosarcoma: report on 30 cases.
AB  - Forty-eight, computed tomography (CT) examinations undertaken in 30 patients with
      osteosarcoma of long bones were studied in detail, their diagnostic information
      being compared with that obtained from corresponding plain films. The latter were
      of more value in assessing peripheral bony involvement, by cortical extension and
      periosteal reaction, while the former, in general, permitted more accurate
      observation of extensions into adjacent soft tissues. Recognition of such
      extensions, however, was vitiated when they arose in relation to the proximal
      ends of the tibia, fibula, and humerus and when a haematoma had developed as a
      result of a biopsy. Plain films were also of more value in appreciation of
      response to chemotherapy. On the other hand CT is the only examination which
      permits a satisfactory study of intramedullary extensions of the tumour and in
      consequence is invaluable in determining the exact sites required for local
      resection. No cases of skip metastases were observed in our series, although
      similar appearances due to nutrient vessels or bony ridges, remote from the
      primary tumour, were noted on several occasions. Differentiation of these
      densities proved to be easy, particularly in the case of nutrient vessels when
      examination of the contralateral bone showed them to be symmetrical. Several
      authors have described the role of CT in the evaluation of local extensions. This
      paper reports the difficulties and errors encountered by us.

PMID- 3856326
TI  - McArdle's disease in an elderly woman.
AB  - We have described a woman who was 71 years old when McArdle's disease was first
      diagnosed. She had few symptoms even during severe myoglobinuria. Muscle
      breakdown occurred upon relatively mild exertion. Others of her kindred had
      elevated serum creatine kinase levels and reported stiffness and muscle weakness
      upon relatively mild exertion. This case demonstrates the need to be alert to
      relatively mild manifestations of metabolic diseases.

PMID- 3856327
TI  - Hereditary sensory neuropathy with macular dystrophy.
AB  - This is the first published report of a kindred with HSN in which the propositus
      and one other member had bilateral macular degeneration, and a third member
      progressive visual loss, presumably due to similar lesions. This association may
      represent variable expressivity of a single gene and/or it may be a unique
      genetic syndrome warranting a separate classification within the HSN group. We
      also report that the peripheral neuropathy symptomatically benefited from
      prednisone.

PMID- 3856328
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a mutant Chinese hamster cell line resistant to
      the glutamine analog 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine.
AB  - A mutant cell line, called don801, was isolated from a wild-type population of
      V79.5 Chinese hamster cells by its ability to grow in the presence of the
      glutamine analog 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), which is toxic for V79.5
      cells. The don801 cells were found not to be cross-resistant to another glutamine
      analog, O-diazoacetyl-L-serine (azaserine, AS). It was shown that guanine but
      neither hypoxanthine nor adenine protected V79.5 cells from the toxic effects of
      DON, while hypoxanthine and adenine, but not guanine protected them against AS
      toxicity. Exposure of wild-type cells to DON was shown to result in a specific
      reduction of intracellular GTP pools, while in the mutant cells there was no
      effect on GTP levels. These results strongly suggested that DON was specifically
      inhibiting guanylate synthetase (GMP synthetase;xanthosine-5'-phosphate: L
      glutamine amidoligase, EC 6.3.5.2) in V79.5 cells and that the enzyme in don801
      cells was resistant to inhibition. In vitro assays of GMP synthetase activities
      from V79.5 and don801 cells confirmed this hypothesis. The mutant phenotype was
      also found to be dominant in intraspecific cell hybrids.

PMID- 3856329
TI  - Genetic analysis of tumorigenesis: XXI. Suppressor genes in CHEF cells.
AB  - In previous studies, fusions of transformed X nontransformed CHEF cells have
      produced hybrids that were suppressed for transformed traits and for tumor
      formation. During subsequent growth, the suppressed phenotypes were lost
      coincident with chromosome loss, and in one study the loss of anchorage
      dependence was correlated with loss of chromosome 1. In this paper, suppression
      of serum and anchorage requirements for growth is examined with the use of double
      mutant tester stocks. Nontumorigenic low serum mutants from CHEF/18 cells are
      shown to complement with the lowered serum requirement of CHEF/16, a tumorigenic
      line, indicating that the high serum requirement is dominant and regulated by at
      least two genes. Similar results were previously reported for the anchorage
      requirement. Suppression of the two traits is found to segregate independently in
      hybrid subclones with reduced chromosome numbers, showing that different genes
      control suppression of the serum and anchorage requirements. Evidence for two
      modes of suppression, by dominant alleles of transformation genes and by
      unrelated genes, is presented and discussed.

PMID- 3856330
TI  - Effect of cell cycle position on transformation by microinjection.
AB  - We have investigated the effect of cell cycle position on the efficiency of
      transformation by microinjection. Linear recombinant plasmids transform
      synchronized cells with similar frequencies following injections at all cell
      cycle stages, whereas supercoiled molecules show a decreased ability to generate
      transformants in early S phase. This inhibition is not due to an inability to
      transiently express a transferred gene, since cells at all stages of the cycle
      efficiently expressed a hamster adenine phosphoribosyltransferase gene introduced
      on a supercoiled plasmid. Southern transfer analyses of the cell cycle specific
      transformants revealed that tandem arrays of plasmids, integrated into the host
      chromosomes, could be generated at all cell cycle stages.

PMID- 3856331
TI  - Use of fluorescence-activated cell sorter to isolate mutant mammalian cells
      deficient in an internal protein, dihydrofolate reductase.
AB  - Dihydrofolate reductase-deficient mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells have
      been selected based on their inability to bind a fluorescent derivative of
      methotrexate, a substrate analog. Nonfluorescent mutant cells were isolated from
      mutagenized populations using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. After
      multiple rounds of sorting plus regrowth, the mutant cell frequency was increased
      from an initial 10(-5) to greater than 0.9. This use of the cell sorter to
      isolate mutants deficient in an internal protein should be applicable to any gene
      product that is able to bind a fluorescent ligand tightly. The method has the
      advantage of allowing the screening of large numbers of cells and of selecting
      for partially expressed phenotypes.

PMID- 3856332
TI  - Assignment of human dihydrofolate reductase gene to band q23 of chromosome 5 and
      of related pseudogene psi HD1 to chromosome 3.
AB  - The chromosomal location of the human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR; EC 1.5.1.3)
      gene that is amplified in a methotrexate-resistant human cell line has been
      investigated by screening a number of human-Chinese hamster ovary cell hybrids
      containing terminal and interstitial deletions in human chromosome 5. A
      correlation of genomic blotting data with the chromosome 5 constitution of the
      individual hybrids has allowed the assignment of the human DHFR gene to 5q23. The
      present work also establishes the location of the related intronless pseudogene
      psi HD1 in chromosome 3.

PMID- 3856333
TI  - Assignment of three rat cellular RAS oncogenes to chromosomes 1, 4, and X.
AB  - Mouse hepatoma-rat hepatocyte hybrids that segregate rat chromosomes were used to
      determine the chromosomal localization of rat cellular RAS genes. The cellular
      KRAS gene, homologous to the Kirsten sarcoma virus oncogene was mapped to rat
      chromosome 4, a chromosome that is often present in three copies in rat
      neurogenic tumor cells and transformed glial cells. The rat cellular HRAS-1 gene,
      homologous to the Harvey sarcoma virus oncogene was assigned to chromosome 1,
      whereas its intron-less counterpart HRAS-2 was mapped to the X chromosome. Since
      the human HRAS-2 also resides on the X chromosome, it appears that the cellular
      HRAS-2 gene (or pseudogene) conserved its chromosomal localization during
      mammalian evolution.

PMID- 3856334
TI  - Germ-line chromosomal localization of human C-Erb-A oncogene.
AB  - The human germ-line position of c-erb-A, the cellular counterpart of v-erb-A, has
      been determined by in situ molecular hybridization of a 3H-labeled c-onc gene
      probe to meiotic pachytene chromosomes. Both v-erb-A and v-erb-B are the v-onc
      genes that are associated with induction of sarcoma and erythroblastosis in
      chicken by the avian erythroblastosis virus, a rapidly transforming RNA tumor
      virus. The position of c-erb-A, determined here to be at 17q21.33-q22, is in the
      same region of chromosome 17 in which a nonrandom break occurs in the generation
      of t(15;17), a translocation commonly seen in acute promyelocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3856335
TI  - [Control of gingival inflammation and teamwork with dental hygienists].

PMID- 3856336
TI  - [Dentistry and dental materials in the future].

PMID- 3856337
TI  - [Prosthodontics for better prognosis--1].

PMID- 3856338
TI  - [Jaw model for the demonstration of mandibular movement].

PMID- 3856339
TI  - [Readjustment of denture liners].

PMID- 3856340
TI  - [Dialogue with a skeleton].

PMID- 3856342
TI  - [Effective treatment of root canals].

PMID- 3856341
TI  - [Check-up prior to working on a free-ending type prosthesis].

PMID- 3856343
TI  - [Recent changes in diagnostic and treatment procedures--orthodontics].

PMID- 3856344
TI  - [Application of new materials--pedodontics].

PMID- 3856345
TI  - [Oral surgery based on data analysis].

PMID- 3856346
TI  - [Diagnostic equipment and home care devices].

PMID- 3856347
TI  - [A new imaging system--dental xeroradiography].

PMID- 3856348
TI  - Fractured condyle artifact.

PMID- 3856349
TI  - A comprehensive oral care plan for nursing homes.

PMID- 3856350
TI  - Special considerations in drug therapy for elderly dental patients.

PMID- 3856351
TI  - Experimentation on the elderly patient with cerebral dysfunction: an ethical
      question.

PMID- 3856353
TI  - Dentistry on the move.

PMID- 3856352
TI  - Fiberoptics in dentistry for the homebound.

PMID- 3856354
TI  - Cost containment: is hospital-based dentistry affected?. Interview by Ms.
      Elizabeth Giangrego.

PMID- 3856355
TI  - Hospital dentistry for a child with Rett's syndrome.

PMID- 3856356
TI  - Use of dental service in a nursing home.

PMID- 3856357
TI  - Financial profile of a home dental care program.

PMID- 3856358
TI  - Geriatric dentistry in a general practice residency program.

PMID- 3856359
TI  - Common hospital radiographs of the head and neck region.

PMID- 3856360
TI  - The diagnostic wax-up: an aid in treatment planning.

PMID- 3856361
TI  - Cae of the month. Oral mucosal ulcers.

PMID- 3856362
TI  - Leukoplakia in Texas.

PMID- 3856363
TI  - Articular centric: the joint concept.

PMID- 3856364
TI  - Case of the month. Diffuse mucosal swellings.

PMID- 3856365
TI  - TMJ syndrome.

PMID- 3856367
TI  - Shots for dentists.

PMID- 3856366
TI  - 1985 fringe benefits: which ones are right for you?

PMID- 3856368
TI  - The effects of lead on differentiation of the Friend leukemia cells and rat bone
      marrow cells.
AB  - The effects of lead toxicity on differentiation of erythroid cells was examined
      using Friend leukemia cells induced with 2% dimethyl sulfoxide. By increasing the
      concentration of lead, these cells exhibited a lag before the onset of induction.
      When incorporation of [3H]-delta-aminolevulinic acid into heme was compared, the
      maximum incorporation into the cells without lead was on the third day after
      induction, while it was on the fifth day in the presence of lead (5 X 10(-4) M).
      However, these cells did reach similar differentiation stages by the seventh day.
      The amount of delta-aminolevulinic acid which was excreted into the medium
      increased in the presence of more than 10(-4) M lead. The amount of
      coproporphyrin III was slightly increased with 10(-6) M lead. Protoporphyrin IX
      content in the cells decreased slightly with increasing concentrations of lead.
      delta-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in cells which were cultured in
      the presence of lead was low, while synthesis of this enzyme increased in the
      presence of lead. The bone marrow cells from lead-poisoned rats exhibited a lag
      in onset of maturation, which was consistent with the effect of lead on Friend
      cells.

PMID- 3856369
TI  - Preparing for JCAH survey. Interview by Donna Carpenter.

PMID- 3856370
TI  - [Bulimia].

PMID- 3856371
TI  - Long terminal repeat of Friend-MCF virus contains the sequence responsible for
      erythroid leukemia.
AB  - Friend-MCF virus induces erythroid leukemia when injected into newborn NFS mice
      whereas Moloney virus induces T-cell lymphoma. To identify the portion of Friend
      MCF virus responsible for erythroid leukemia induction four in vitro recombinant
      viruses were constructed in which env regions or U3 regions of LTR were
      reciprocally exchanged between Friend-MCF and Moloney viruses. A FrMCF-Mol (LTR)
      virus whose genome was derived primarily from Friend-MCF virus together with 621
      nucleotides of Moloney virus at its 3' end including the U3 region of LTR was a
      thymic lymphoma-inducing virus. A Mol-FrMCF (LTR) virus with the genome derived
      primarily from Moloney virus but 596 nucleotides of Friend-MCF virus information
      at the same region as FrMCF-Mol (LTR) was an erythroid leukemia-inducing virus. A
      Mol-FrMCF (env) virus whose genome was derived primarily from Moloney virus but
      which had 2.3 kbp of Friend MCF at the 3' end of the pol gene including most of
      the env gene with all of gp70 and the N terminal of p15E was a lymphoid leukemia
      inducing mink cell focus-inducing virus. FrMCF-Mol (env) virus whose genome was
      derived primarily from Friend-MCF virus but had 2.7 kbp of Moloney virus at the
      same region as Mol-FrMCF (env) virus was an erythroid leukemia-inducing ecotropic
      virus. The Mol-FrMCF (LTR) and Mol-FrMCF (env) viruses induced mixed leukemia of
      erythroid and lymphoid cells in some mice.

PMID- 3856372
TI  - Thymectomy in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 3856373
TI  - Traumatic cholecystitis.

PMID- 3856374
TI  - Medical malpractice: a public crisis.

PMID- 3856375
TI  - Multiple primary carcinomas of the mouth: matters of life and death.

PMID- 3856376
TI  - Testicular organogenesis in the fetal calf: interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cell
      development.
AB  - The development of the interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells of the fetal testis
      in the calf is described and correlated with a swelling reaction of the
      gubernaculum and normal, prenatal descent of the testis. An hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase (HSD) procedure is used to determine the onset of functional
      activity for the interstitial endocrine cells (IEC). The NADH control procedure
      was strongly positive for the IECs at all ages investigated, indicating that
      these cells utilize the pyridine nucleotide as a coenzyme for oxireduction
      conversions. The 3 alpha- and 3 beta-HSD reactions were strongly positive and
      lightly positive, respectively, demonstrating that these cells contain the HSDs
      commonly utilized in the early steroidogenesis. TEM revealed structural evidence
      of this differentiating steroidogenic capability within IECs. During the period
      of the swelling reaction there is a functional IEC population, but there is no
      evidence presented by this study for a causal relationship of the gubernacular
      swelling reaction and subsequent normal descent of the testis into the scrotum.

PMID- 3856377
TI  - Stability of the ankle joint. Analysis of the function and traumatology of the
      ankle ligaments.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to elucidate the function of the ligamentous
      structures of the ankle joint, the traumas in which they may rupture, and the
      types of instability caused by such ruptures. Most previous experimental
      investigations on the function of ankle ligaments have been performed on
      osteoligamentous preparations either by forcing a movement in the joint into more
      or less well-defined directions and observing the resulting injuries or else by
      cutting ligaments in various combinations and describing the resulting
      instability. As a rule, this has been done without inducing the increased
      mobility by a defined torque and without being able to demonstrate the
      instability continuously in all degrees of dorsi- or plantar flexion. On the
      basis of these previous studies, the anterior talofibular ligament appears to
      limit internal rotation, while its role in adduction of the talus has not been
      clarified. The calcaneofibular ligament per se does not seem to be a factor in
      adduction. True, there is not complete agreement in this respect, and a few
      authors have been able to rupture this ligament in isolation by forced adduction.
      The posterior talofibular ligament seems to restrict dorsiflexion, and perhaps it
      plays a role, in conjunction with the calcaneofibular ligament, in adduction when
      the ankle joint is in dorsiflexion. The anterior tibiofibular ligament, and the
      distal tibiofibular structures on the whole, are assumed to limit external
      rotation, but it has not been clarified whether they influence adduction and
      abduction in the ankle joint. Little has been reported about the individual
      structures which make up the deltoid ligament, as most authors have not
      distinguished them from each other. However, in combination with the anterior
      talofibular ligament, the tibiotalar ligament seems to limit the translatory
      forward gliding of the talus - the so-called anterior drawer sign - and together
      they presumably inhibit plantar flexion. It has not been possible to find any
      description of the function of the intermediate tibiotalar ligament, while the
      posterior tibiotalar ligament has been reported by one author to inhibit internal
      rotation. Judging by the literature, the function of the tibiocalcaneal ligament
      seems comprehensive, since it is reported to limit external rotation,
      dorsiflexion, as well as plantar flexion. The present investigations were divided
      into three phases: Phase 1 was concerned with elucidating the correlation of
      injuries to the lateral collateral ligaments to internal rotatory instability,
      talar tilt, and the anterior drawer sign.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3856378
TI  - Effects of theophylline on small human placental arteries in vitro.
AB  - Effects of theophylline on contractions induced by relevant physiological agents
      in tubular segments of small human placental arteries were measured in an
      isometric myograph. Theophylline 10(-7) - 3 X 10(-3)M caused marked relaxation of
      steady contractions produced by prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha),
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), vasopressin or potassium. EC50 for theophylline
      relaxation of the PGF2 alpha - contraction was 1.6 X 10(-4) M. Emax was 91.5%
      relaxation. Theophylline was less potent in relaxing the potassium induced
      contraction. Pretreatment experiments with 10(-4) and 10(-3)M theophylline showed
      a pronounced decrease in contractile Emax-values for PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and
      vasopressin as a possible indication of non-competitive antagonism. The results
      motivate further studies to elucidate possible effects of theophylline and other
      xanthines on the vascular resistance and blood flow in placenta.

PMID- 3856379
TI  - Plasma histamine and serum pepsinogen I concentrations in chronic myelogenous
      leukaemia.
AB  - A male patient with multiple gastroduodenal ulcers and gastric hypersecretion due
      to hyperhistaminaemia associated with extreme basophilia occurring in chronic
      myelogenous leukaemia (CML) is described. In addition, plasma histamine levels
      and serum pepsinogen I concentrations, reflecting gastric acid secretion, were
      studied in 18 CML patients. As compared to controls, plasma histamine levels were
      clearly increased in CML patients and correlated well with the basophil count.
      Serum pepsinogen I concentrations were normal in 14 out of 17 cases and did not
      correlate with plasma histamine levels. This absence of a direct relation between
      plasma histamine concentrations and serum pepsinogen I levels suggests that a
      high concentration of circulating histamine does not inevitably lead to increased
      gastric acid secretion. This offers one explanation of the fact that, in spite of
      the frequent occurrence of basophilia and hyperhistaminaemia in CML, ulcerogenic
      diathesis is quite rare in this disease and complicates only cases with extreme
      basophilia.

PMID- 3856380
TI  - Pharmacological action of FPL 55712 on canine cerebral arterial segments.
AB  - The pharmacological action of a leukotriene antagonist FPL 55712 was studied on
      canine cerebral arterial segments. FPL 55712 at concentrations of 10(-6)M and 10)
      5)M showed dose-dependent inhibition of the constrictor responses of the artery
      to prostaglandin F2 alpha. The constrictor responses of the artery to either
      serotonin or haemoglobin were suppressed by 10(-5)M FPL 55712, while 10(-6)M FPL
      55712 failed to alter the responses. The KCL-induced constriction was not
      affected by treatment with either 10(-6)M or 10(-5)M FPL 55712. The present
      results suggest that FPL 55712 has vasodilator properties other than those
      related to the inhibition of leukotrienes.

PMID- 3856381
TI  - Primary osteosarcoma of the heart.

PMID- 3856382
TI  - Acyclovir treatment of disseminated varicella in childhood malignant neoplasms.
AB  - Primary varicella-zoster virus infection (chickenpox) in immunocompromised
      children is frequently associated with visceral dissemination and attendant high
      mortality. Eight children with malignant neoplasms and chickenpox with visceral
      involvement (seven with hepatitis, three with pneumonitis, two with encephalitis,
      and two with coagulopathy) were initially treated with intravenously (IV)
      administered vidarabine but demonstrated progressive visceral involvement. After
      three days of vidarabine treatment (two days for two patients), seven had rising
      serum SGPT levels, all eight had pneumonitis, seven had deteriorating mental
      status and/or seizure activity, and six had worsening coagulopathy. Vidarabine
      was replaced by IV administered acyclovir, with subsequent improvement in all but
      the most severely ill patient who died. Seven of eight patients recovered
      completely; no side effects of acyclovir were observed. This clinical experience
      suggests that acyclovir may be more effective than vidarabine in disseminated
      varicella infection; however, controlled clinical trials will be necessary to
      establish this.

PMID- 3856383
TI  - Detection of genetic heterogeneity between families of insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus patients using linkage analysis.
AB  - Much debate has taken place over the mode(s) of inheritance of insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and the possibility of etiological heterogeneity. We
      have analyzed the disease status (IDDM) and genetic marker (HLA-A/B haplotype)
      data from 61 multiple-case IDDM families ascertained through two registries in
      the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, area. Linkage analysis results were similar for
      five previously published simple models of transmission. No heterogeneity could
      be detected on the basis of the total sample or when the sample was categorized
      according to the proband's HLA-B or HLA-DR type. In contrast, categorizing the
      families by generation(s) of the affected individuals revealed differences in the
      linkage analysis results. Families with affected siblings only (N = 38) showed
      strong evidence for close linkage for all models. Families with a parent and
      siblings affected (N = 6) showed evidence against close linkage between HLA-B and
      IDDM for some models.

PMID- 3856384
TI  - Schistocytes in erythroleukemia.
AB  - A patient whose initial hematologic evaluation suggested the diagnosis of a
      microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) was further evaluated and found to have
      erythroleukemia (DiGuglielmo's syndrome). This prompted us to review
      retrospectively the peripheral blood morphology of 12 patients with
      erythroleukemia. Anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, macrocytosis, and nucleated red
      cells have been described in patients with erythroleukemia; however, changes
      characteristic of a microangiopathic hemolytic process (schistocytes) have not
      been previously described. Our patients with erythroleukemia had prominent helmet
      and fragmented red cells, as well as elliptocytosis. Six of our 12 patients with
      erythroleukemia did not have blasts on their peripheral smear, and platelets were
      decreased (platelet count ranged from 2 to 92 X 10(3)/microliter), resulting in
      changes similar to patients with MAHA due to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
      (TTP), traumatic RBC lysis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Our data
      indicate the RBC changes characteristic of MAHA are commonly seen in
      erythroleukemia, and that as many as half of these patients may not have white
      cell changes suggestive of leukemia on the peripheral smear. Patients presenting
      with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia require a bone marrow examination to
      confirm or exclude a myelodysplastic syndrome.

PMID- 3856385
TI  - X-linked motor-sensory neuropathy type-II with deafness and mental retardation: a
      new disorder.
AB  - We report on a family with an apparently X-linked neuromuscular disease.
      Electrophysiologic tests and electron microscopic studies are consistent with the
      diagnosis of hereditary motor sensory neuropathy type II (HMSN-II), one form of
      Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. The manner of inheritance, the observation that
      males are severely affected from infancy, and the frequent association of
      deafness and/or mental retardation with the neuromuscular disorder are not usual
      for HMSN-II and suggest that this family may have a previously undescribed
      genetic disorder. The peripheral neuropathy did not appear to be linked to the Xg
      blood group. Minor abnormalities of sensory nerve conduction, electromyography,
      and hearing were separately identified in female relatives in this family, but
      were not consistent enough to be useful in the identification of carriers for
      this gene.

PMID- 3856386
TI  - Changes in the synthesis and metabolism of prostaglandins by human fetal
      membranes and decidua at labor.
AB  - The production of prostaglandins by dispersed cells from human amnion, chorion,
      and decidua was examined at term before the onset of labor and at spontaneous
      vaginal delivery. In order to obtain detailed information about relative
      prostaglandin production rates, the time course of prostaglandin output was
      examined by incubating the cells for up to 4 hours and measuring the cumulative
      output of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2 alpha and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto
      prostaglandin F2 alpha in the incubation media. The output of all three
      prostaglandins was low in tissues obtained before the onset of labor. At labor
      there was an increased production of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha in amnion and
      a small increase in the output of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and
      13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha in decidua. In contrast, chorionic
      cells obtained at spontaneous vaginal delivery showed high levels of 13,14
      dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha in the media with no net production of
      prostaglandin E2 or F2 alpha. These data suggest a high rate of specific in vitro
      prostaglandin synthesis in amnion and decidua at labor, accompanied by a high
      rate of prostaglandin metabolism in chorion.

PMID- 3856387
TI  - A comparison of Lamicel and prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel for cervical ripening
      before induction of labor.
AB  - The efficiency and safety of Lamicel, a new synthetic cervical ripening agent,
      were compared with those of intravaginal prostaglandin E2 gel in a group of 80
      primigravid women about to undergo induction of labor. Lamicel caused less
      uterine activity and fetal distress than prostaglandin gel, although the
      induction-delivery intervals were similar in both groups. More normal deliveries
      occurred in the Lamicel group than in the prostaglandin group. It is suggested
      that Lamicel is a useful, efficient preinduction ripening agent that is safer
      than intravaginal prostaglandin gel.

PMID- 3856388
TI  - Steroid metabolism by human chorion laeve from dichorionic twin pregnancies.
AB  - Certain steroid metabolic properties of chorion laeve from dichorionic twin
      pregnancies were examined to determine whether they were present in chorion not
      contaminated by decidua or serum. In the chorion situated between the two
      amniotic sacs and not in contact with decidua, aryl sulfatase, 3 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and aromatase activities were found. This indicates
      that these reactions are present in chorion laeve and were not previously
      ascribed to this tissue because of decidual contamination. Specific cortisol
      binding was also present in this area of chorion laeve, which excludes serum
      contamination. It is suggested that the specific steroid-binding protein in the
      membranes may be derived from the transcortin-like protein present in amniotic
      fluid.

PMID- 3856389
TI  - High long-standing fertilizing capacity of human sperm isolated for male sex
      preselection.
AB  - A method of separating a Y-enriched human sperm population for male sex
      preselection with a single-column, four-step, four-layer albumin gradient
      technique is presented. This technique provides an efficient separation of
      spermatozoa, good Y-enriched sperm motility, and high fertilization capacity of
      this fraction as tested by the zona-free hamster ova sperm penetration assay.

PMID- 3856390
TI  - Long-term effects of extended wear lenses: changes in refraction, corneal
      curvature, and visual acuity.
AB  - Extended wear lenses (Scanlens 75) +4.25 to -10.00 D were worn monocularly by 19
      patients for an average of 5.4 years. The other eye of each patient was either
      emmetropic or amblyopic and no lens was worn. Both eyes were tested after lens
      removal and again 2 days and 7 days later. No significant differences in
      refraction, keratometry, or visual acuity were found between the experimental and
      control eyes. The amount of changes in both groups was not clinically
      significant: refractive changes averaged less than 0.37 D, keratometric changes
      averaged an equivalent 0.25 D, astigmatism increases were less than 0.25 D, and
      visual acuity was fully correctible to previous best visual acuity with
      spectacles in all cases.

PMID- 3856391
TI  - Anterior open-bite malocclusion: a longitudinal 10-year postretention evaluation
      of orthodontically treated patients.
AB  - Long-term response of the anterior open-bite malocclusion was evaluated in forty
      one white subjects who had undergone orthodontic treatment and were out of
      retention a minimum of 9 years 6 months. The purpose of the study was threefold:
      (1) to make cephalometric comparisons between a sample of open-bite patients and
      a sample with normal cephalometric standards, (2) to evaluate treatment and
      posttreatment changes that occurred in treated open-bite patients, and (3) to
      search for predictors and associations of value. Changes occurring across time in
      the open-bite patients were analyzed by computer means using pretreatment,
      posttreatment, and long-term cephalometric radiographs and dental casts. An
      analysis of subgroups was reviewed to compare dentoalveolar and skeletal
      relationships of both stable and relapse groups. More than 35% of the treated
      open-bite patients demonstrated a postretention open bite of 3 mm or more, with
      the relapse subgroup demonstrating across-time, less mandibular anterior dental
      height, less upper anterior facial height, greater lower anterior facial height,
      and less posterior facial height. Neither the magnitude of pretreatment open
      bite, mandibular plane angle, nor any other single parameter of dentofacial form
      proved to be a reliable predictor of posttreatment stability.

PMID- 3856392
TI  - Facial growth following pharyngeal flap surgery: skeletal assessment on serial
      lateral cephalometric radiographs.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pharyngeal flap surgery
      on subsequent facial growth in patients with cleft lip and/or palate. Pharyngeal
      flap surgery is used in such patients to partially obliterate the velopharyngeal
      port, reducing hypernasal speech. Thirty-four patients (18 with cleft palate
      only, 16 with unilateral cleft lip and palate) were selected from the
      longitudinal growth study of the H.K. Cooper Clinic. Seventeen of these (9 with
      cleft palate only, 8 with unilateral cleft lip and palate) underwent pharyngeal
      flap surgery between the ages of 5 and 7 years. The other seventeen patients did
      not undergo pharyngeal flap surgery and served as a control group for this study.
      Serial lateral cephalometric radiographs were traced and digitized (ages 3 to 5,
      preflap; ages 7-10, postflap). Fourteen skeletodental measurements (six angular,
      six linear, two derived) were taken to determine whether pharyngeal flap surgery
      may be related to subsequent facial growth changes. The data from the 17 flap
      patients were compared with control data taken from the other seventeen patients.
      The groups were matched for sex, cleft type, and similarity of presurgical
      mandibular growth direction (facial axis angle). Results obtained demonstrate
      several significant areas of change following flap surgery, including a decrease
      in facial axis angle, an increase in Frankfort-mandibular plane angle, an
      increase in incremental gains in lower anterior face height, and increased
      retroclination of upper and lower incisors in the flap group as compared to their
      matched controls.

PMID- 3856393
TI  - A Pascal computer program for digitizing lateral cephalometric radiographs.
AB  - The authors describe a new program for cephalometric analysis which uses a
      commonly available microprocessor (computer) and digitizing pad to register
      fifteen commonly identified cephalometric landmarks to produce a meaningful
      analysis which is printed out for permanent or hard-copy record. Conventional and
      digitizing errors of cephalometric measurement are reviewed, with a discussion of
      the advantages of computer-assisted programs. The authors describe a program that
      uses vectors and vector algebra and the capabilities of the Pascal computer
      language to determine angular measurements and distances. It is suggested that
      computer-assisted cephalometric programs will likely be widely used in the near
      future, providing the orthodontist with a superior method of cephalometric
      analysis with respect to accuracy and speed of completion.

PMID- 3856394
TI  - Magnetic force systems in orthodontics. Clinical results of a pilot study.
AB  - In this report, the initial results of magnetic force systems as applied to
      clinical orthodontics are presented. More particularly, the article describes the
      use of operator-controlled, small, permanent magnets for intermaxillary and
      intramaxillary mechanics. In addition to generating a force of sufficient
      intensity and duration, which is controlled by the operator, other advantages
      also became apparent. Good three-plane vector control independent of patient
      cooperation were observed in two patients. Both patients reported no discomfort
      during treatment. Extensive additional clinical testing is currently being
      conducted.

PMID- 3856395
TI  - The effect of pulsating electromagnetic fields on condylar growth in guinea pigs.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if a simple, noninvasive method could
      be developed for the application of pulsed electromagnetic fields that would lend
      itself to future clinical applications. Specifically, the modulation and control
      of condylar cellular metabolism and the stimulation of cellular proliferation
      were attempted in order to increase the amount of mandibular condylar growth. A
      pulsed electromagnetic field with a frequency of 100 hertz was applied for 8
      hours per day to the mandibular condylar area of rapidly growing, male, Hartley
      guinea pigs. Ten guinea pigs were exposed for 10 days and a second group of 10
      guinea pigs was exposed for 30 days. In addition, 5 guinea pigs were used as
      controls for each experimental period. During the experimental period the guinea
      pigs were placed in specially constructed, plastic animal holders with their
      heads positioned in an area of uniform magnetic field. After 10 days of pulsed
      electromagnetic field exposure, there were increases in vascularity, secretion of
      cartilagenous intercellular matrix, and woven-bone formation in the guinea pig
      condyle. After 30 days, there were continued but attenuated vascular and
      calcification responses with an increase noted in marrow hemopoietic elements. An
      increase in the number of osteoclasts was also noted after 10 days. This effect
      was transient and was not present at the end of the 30-day experimental period.
      The application of the pulsed electromagnetic field did not result in a
      significant increase in the overall anteroposterior or vertical size of the
      guinea pig mandible compared to controls. The results of this study suggest that
      it is possible to affect condylar cartilagenous and bony metabolism through the
      application of a noninvasive, pulsed electromagnetic field.

PMID- 3856396
TI  - An electromyographic analysis of the temporalis function of normal occlusion.
AB  - Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the anterior, middle, and
      posterior regions of the temporalis muscle in ten subjects with normal occlusion
      of the teeth and with the mandible at rest and during exertion of increased
      biting force, using bipolar intramuscular electrodes. Results show that the
      posterior part of the temporalis muscle maintains the mandibular posture.
      Although there is no statistically significant difference in EMG recordings
      between the three divisions of the temporalis muscle during intercuspal biting,
      individual variations in EMG pattern exist. During exertion of increased biting
      force the EMG activity increases proportionally in all parts of the muscle.
      During retruded biting force the posterior temporalis predominates. The EMG
      activity of the temporalis muscle is correlated to the form and position of the
      mandible.

PMID- 3856397
TI  - Progressive facial asymmetry as a result of early closure of the left coronal
      suture.
AB  - A longitudinal growth analysis of a patient with premature closure of the left
      coronal suture is presented. The resultant facial asymmetry of patients with
      unilateral synostosis of the coronal suture is accompanied by diagnostic facial
      characteristics and radiographic skull distortions. The midfacial structures
      distort and grow toward the site of synostosis while the lower face grows away
      from the site of synostosis. Unilateral craniosynostosis of the coronal suture
      results in distortions and compensations within the cranial vault and the cranial
      base. Therefore, with growth of the contiguous facial structures, the facial
      distortions are magnified.

PMID- 3856398
TI  - On the application of engineering mechanics to the force and structural analyses
      of orthodontic appliances.

PMID- 3856399
TI  - Antidiuretic and PGE2 responses to AVP and dDAVP in subjects with central and
      nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
AB  - Vasopressin stimulates renal prostaglandin (PGE2) production at several loci and
      in turn PGE2 modulates the antidiuresis. We have found the time courses of
      increased urinary PGE2 in subjects with central diabetes insipidus (DI) parallel
      the antidiuretic responses to AVP and dDAVP. The antidiuretic response to 4
      micrograms dDAVP in these subjects was far greater than the response to 5 U (12.5
      micrograms) AVP, but the PGE2 response to the dDAVP was only marginally greater
      than that which followed the AVP. Therefore, dDAVP disproportionately stimulates
      antidiuresis in relation to PGE2 production, whereas the reverse holds for AVP.
      In subjects with nephrogenic DI 12.5 micrograms AVP caused no antidiuresis but
      stimulated PGE2 excretion as well as in subjects with central DI. There was an
      intermediate relationship between antidiuresis and PGE2 excretion in subjects
      with central DI given AVP and subjects with nephrogenic DI injected with dDAVP.
      In summary, 1) the normal PGE2 response to AVP in subjects with nephrogenic DI is
      consistent with other evidence that non-antidiuretic actions of vasopressin are
      not impaired in these subjects. 2) The limited capability of dDAVP to stimulate
      PGE2 may be a factor in the augmented antidiuretic response to dDAVP in subjects
      with central DI. 3) Antidiuretic and PGE2 responses to vasopressin can be
      dissociated, thus allowing further consideration of mechanisms by which each may
      be independently controlled and interrelated.

PMID- 3856400
TI  - Fibromyalgia and major affective disorder: a controlled phenomenology and family
      history study.
AB  - Fibromyalgia is a form of nonarticular rheumatism characterized by diffuse
      musculoskeletal pain. To investigate the relationship between fibromyalgia and
      major affective disorder, the authors evaluated 31 patients with fibromyalgia and
      14 patients with rheumatoid arthritis for rates of current or past major
      affective disorder and family history of major affective disorder. Both the rate
      of major affective disorder and the familial prevalence of major affective
      disorder were significantly higher in the fibromyalgia patients than the
      rheumatoid arthritis patients. The results suggest that fibromyalgia may be
      related to major affective disorder.

PMID- 3856401
TI  - Characteristics of 275 patients with bulimia.
AB  - The authors present data on 275 patients who met DSM-III criteria for bulimia.
      The mean age of the patients was 24.8 years, and the average duration of illness
      was approximately 7 years. These patients reported a variety of abnormal eating
      related behaviors: binge eating (100%), self-induced vomiting (88.1%), laxative
      abuse (60.6%), diuretic abuse (33.1%), and chewing and spitting out food (64.5%).
      Over one-third reported a history of problems with alcohol or other drugs and
      most indicated substantial social impairment.

PMID- 3856402
TI  - Neutropenic enterocolitis in adults. Review of the literature and assessment of
      surgical intervention.
AB  - We have reported two cases of neutropenic enterocolitis (one of them being the
      first reported case occurring in a patient with multiple myeloma), which is a
      necrotizing lesion in the gastrointestinal tract that is seen in patients usually
      on aggressive chemotherapeutic regimens and associated with leukemias, lymphomas,
      malignant neoplasms, and other disorders in which neutropenia is present.
      Although once considered to have a dismal prognosis, favorable outcomes have
      occurred when this clinical entity is recognized early and surgical intervention
      is undertaken to resect the necrotic portion of the gastrointestinal tract. A
      review of the literature is included that encompasses adult patients with this
      syndrome.

PMID- 3856403
TI  - Ventilation safety guard.

PMID- 3856404
TI  - Pubertal spurts in cranial base and mandible. Comparisons within individuals.
AB  - Serial data from cephalometric radiographs were analyzed for 34 boys and 33 girls
      who had cephalometric radiographs annually near each birthday from at least age 7
      through 18 years. Spurts were defined for this study as increases between
      successive cranial base increments that exceeded 0.75mm/year in boys or
      0.5mm/year in girls. The corresponding criterion for the mandible was 1.0mm/year
      in either sex. Pubescence was defined as the 4- year period spanning 2 years
      before and after peak height velocity. Spurts during pubescence were common,
      tending to occur about 1.6yr earlier in girls than boys. The mean increments at
      first pubertal spurt (FPS) and the mean sizes of FPS were about 25% to 33%
      greater in the boys than in the girls. The rate of growth during the year before
      FPS tended to be greater in the girls, while in the year after FPS it tended to
      be greater in the boys. The timing of FPS in either cranial base of mandible was
      not closely related to the onset of ossification in the ulnar sesamoid, the age
      at peak height velocity, or age at menarche. FPS generally occurred after the
      onset of ossification of the ulnar sesamoid, but before peak height velocity and
      menarche. There was no evidence of difference between craniofacial EPS in
      children who passed rapidly or slowly through pubescence, nor was any difference
      noted between the size of pubertal spurts in tall or short boys. larger total
      increments after peak height velocity were found in the short boys. Significant
      correlations were identified between the cranial base and the mandible in the
      timing but not in the magnitude of FPS. The children were approximately equally
      divided between those in whom cranial base spurts occurred first, those in whom
      mandibular spurts were first, and those in whom FPS occurred in both areas within
      the same annual interval.

PMID- 3856405
TI  - The nasopharynx, face height, and overbite.
AB  - In lateral cephalometric films of a group of male subjects, none of whom was a
      mouth breather, the statistical relationships between overbite and nasopharyngeal
      dimensions were weak. Moderate relationships were found between face height and
      nasopharyngeal dimensions. Strongest correlations, with a peak at 10 years, were
      between--Face height and nasopharyngeal height (+) Face height and nasopharyngeal
      area (+) Face height and roof angle (-) Dynamic correlations between overbite,
      face height and nasopharyngeal dimensions were weak. Class II malocclusion
      subjects on average showed--Smaller Nasopharyngeal and Adenoid Areas. Larger
      Airways in both real and proportional terms, compared with Class I and normal
      occlusion subjects.

PMID- 3856406
TI  - Stiffness of incisor segments of edgewise arches in torsion and bending.
AB  - A mechanical model dentition is used in a laboratory study to relate incisor
      segment third-order activation to actual torque induced upon engagement of
      maxillary Edgewise arches. A portion of the sample of stainless-steel aches was
      subjected to stress-relief heat treatment. Torsional stiffness values are
      calculated, and the accompanying vertical displacement force on the incisor
      segment is evaluated. The results seem to warrant the following conclusions.
      Broad ranges of incisor segment torque magnitudes may be obtained from
      rectangular orthodontic wires and arch designs presently in common clinical use.
      Torsional behavior is associated with the elastic shear modulus or modulus of
      rigidity, which is essentially the same for all stainless and chrome-cobalt
      alloys. Vertical extrusive force is generated as a secondary effect directly
      related to the torsional stiffness and torque activation. Compensation is
      possible through archwire adjustments to cause the wire to lie above the bracket
      slots of the incisor segment before activation of lingual root torque. Stress
      relief of rectangular stainless steel arches following placement of V-bends,
      twists, or loops did not have a significant effect on force values. Further
      investigation, modeling other configurations such as labiolingual movements of
      the six maxillary anterior teeth to determine the torsional stiffnesses for
      commonly-used arches could be worthwhile. Similarly, the quantification of
      torsional stiffnesses of arches fabricated in rectangular nickel-titanium,
      titanium-molybdenum, and braided stainless-steel wires may be of value.

PMID- 3856407
TI  - A new drum.

PMID- 3856408
TI  - Lower molar crowding in the early permanent dentition.

PMID- 3856409
TI  - Extraction of four second molars.
AB  - The cases presented here clearly demonstrate that the removal of second permanent
      molars can be effective in many cases where removal of first or second bicuspids
      would otherwise be recommended. Third molars can be useful components of the
      dentition. The Author has found that when the proper diagnosis is made and the
      extraction of second molars is recommended, third molars will assume their
      position in juxtaposition to the first permanent molar in over 75% of the cases.
      Although we used several methods of measuring developing mandibular third molars,
      we were unable to predict accurately and consistently which teeth would erupt in
      the proper upright position (Fig. 10). With rare exception, maxillary third
      molars will erupt uneventfully, but in the mandibular arch there is a much
      greater possibility that it may be necessary to upright or reposition the third
      molars.

PMID- 3856410
TI  - Third molar changes following second molar extractions.
AB  - Third molars, both upper and lower, do usually erupt into the place of electively
      removed second molars. None of the third molars in this study group became
      impacted during the observation period. Second molars in this study were removed
      before the roots had formed on the third molars. The bifurcation line appears to
      be a stable reference on the panoramic radiograph. It is the Author's conclusion
      that the extraction of permanent second molars is best for many patients, and
      when judiciously applied it is a reasonably safe and conservative modality in
      orthodontic care.

PMID- 3856411
TI  - Second molar germectomy and third molar eruption. 11 cases of lower second molar
      enucleation.
AB  - Eleven cases followed from enucleation of the unerupted lower second molars
      through third molar eruption. While results were generally good, three presented
      third molar malpositions requiring further treatment.

PMID- 3856412
TI  - Therapeutic effect of a new antibacterial substance ofloxacin (DL8280) on
      pulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - A new antibacterial substance, ofloxacin (DL8280), was used in the treatment of
      pulmonary tuberculosis. The agent was given to 19 patients with chronic cavitary
      lung tuberculosis as single doses of 300 mg daily for 6 to 8 months. A decrease
      in the amount of tubercle bacilli in the sputum was observed in almost all
      patients, and negative conversion occurred in 5. Resistance of tubercle bacilli
      to the agent appeared in patients who did not show negative conversion. No side
      effects were observed during the administration period. The agent was considered
      useful in lung tuberculosis therapy.

PMID- 3856413
TI  - [Major demineralization syndrome in acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

PMID- 3856414
TI  - Cat's eye syndrome with cleft soft palate.
AB  - Cat's eye syndrome is a very rare disease with many congenital anomalies. Until
      the end of 1983, 35 cases had been reported, but only 5 cases were associated
      with cleft palate, and only 1 patient was operated on. A 4-year-old male child
      had coloboma of the iridochoroid, cleft soft palate, hypertelorism with an
      antimongoloid slant of the eyes, epicanthal folds, hearing deficit, congenital
      heart disease (pulmonary arteriovenous fistula), mental and growth retardation,
      and a 47,XY + marker chromosome. The patient did not have anal atresia,
      preauricular skin tags, microphthalmia, depressed nasal bridge, or renal or
      skeletal anomalies. The operation was performed on his cleft soft palate when he
      was 2.5 years old.

PMID- 3856415
TI  - Myophosphorylase deficiency impairs muscle oxidative metabolism.
AB  - We studied oxidative metabolism during bicycle exercise in 4 patients with
      myophosphorylase deficiency. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was low (14.0 +/- 1.4
      ml X kg-1 X min-1, mean +/- SE) compared with that in normal subjects (37.7 +/-
      1.9; n = 12) and patients with myalgia (24.9 +/- 1.8; n = 10). Carbohydrate
      oxidation, as estimated by the respiratory exchange ratio (R), was low relative
      to workload (max R, mean +/- SE: McArdle's disease, 0.96 +/- 0.02; normal
      subjects, 1.13 +/- 0.02; myalgia, 1.09 +/- 0.02). Intravenous glucose
      administration increased maximal oxygen uptake about 20% in those with McArdle's
      disease, but both VO2max and R remained lower than in control subjects. These
      findings suggest that the capacity for dynamic exercise in McArdle's disease is
      limited by the availability of oxidative substrate, and indicate that blood
      glucose is unable to substitute fully for muscle glycogen as an oxidative fuel.
      We also found that exercise cardiac output (Q) was excessive relative to oxygen
      uptake in affected patients (delta Q/delta VO2, mean +/- SE: McArdle's disease,
      11.6 +/- 1.7; normal subjects, 4.8 +/- 0.2; myalgia, 5.6 +/- 0.2). This
      hyperkinetic circulation in exercise may serve to increase the delivery of blood
      borne oxidative substrate to working muscle.

PMID- 3856416
TI  - The effect of iron overload on urinary excretion of immunoreactive prostaglandin
      E2.
AB  - The effect of in vivo lipid peroxidation on the excretion of immunoreactive
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the urine of rats was studied. Weanling, male Sprague
      Dawley rats were fed a vitamin E-deficient diet containing 10% tocopherol
      stripped corn oil (CO) or 5% cod liver oil (CLO) with or without 40 mg dl-alpha
      tocopheryl acetate/kg. To induce a high, sustained level of lipid peroxidation,
      some rats were injected intraperitoneally with 100 mg of iron as iron dextran
      after 10 days of feeding. Iron overload stimulated in vivo lipid peroxidation in
      rats, as measured by the increase in expired ethane and pentane. Dietary vitamin
      E reversed this effect. Rats fed the CLO diet excreted 9.5-fold more urinary
      thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) than did rats fed the CO diet.
      Iron overload increased the excretion of TBARS in the urine of rats fed the CO
      diet, but not in urine of rats fed the CLO diet. Dietary vitamin E decreased
      TBARS in the urine of rats fed either the CO or the CLO diet. Iron overload
      decreased by 40% the urinary excretion of PGE2 by rats fed the CO diet, and
      dietary vitamin E did not reverse this effect. Iron overload had no statistically
      significant effect on urinary excretion of PGE2 by rats fed the CLO diet. A high
      level of lipid peroxidation occurred in iron-treated rats, as evidenced by an
      increase in alkane production and in TBARS in urine in this study, and by an
      increase in alkane production by slices of kidney from iron-treated rats in a
      previous study [V. C. Gavino, C. J. Dillard, and A. L. Tappel (1984) Arch.
      Biochem. Biophys. 233, 741-747]. Since PGE2 excretion in urine was not correlated
      with these effects, lipid peroxidation appears not to be a major factor in renal
      PGE2 flux.

PMID- 3856417
TI  - Regioselectivity of hydroxylation of prostaglandins by liver microsomes supported
      by NADPH versus H2O2 in methylcholanthrene-treated and control rats: formation of
      novel prostaglandin metabolites.
AB  - The effects of methylcholanthrene (MC) treatment of male rats on the
      regioselectivity of hydroxylation of prostaglandins E1 and E2 (PGE1 and PGE2) by
      liver microsomes, supplemented with NADPH or H2O2, was examined. In the presence
      of NADPH, control microsomes catalyzed the hydroxylation at omega-1 (C19) and at
      omega-(C20) sites with minimal formation of novel monohydroxy metabolites of PGE1
      and PGE2, referred to as compounds X1 and X2, respectively. Similarly, H2O2
      supported the 19-hydroxylation and the formation of compounds X1 and X2, but
      yielded only minimal amounts of 20-hydroxy products. With NADPH, MC-treated
      microsomal incubations demonstrated only minor quantitative change in the 19- and
      20-hydroxylation as compared with controls, but showed a 7- to 11-fold increase
      in formation of compound X1 and a 10-fold increase in formation of X2. By
      contrast with H2O2, MC-treatment increased by about 3-fold the 19- and 20
      hydroxylation of PGE1 and by 35- to 46-fold the formation of X1; similarly, there
      was an approximate 2-fold increase in 19- and 20-hydroxylation of PGE2 and a 10
      fold increase in formation of X2. These findings suggest that several
      monooxygenases are involved in catalyzing the hydroxylation at the various sites
      of the PGE molecule. Inhibitors of monooxygenases (SKF 525A, alpha
      naphthoflavone, and imidazole derivatives) provided further evidence that the
      hydroxylation at the three sites of PGEs is catalyzed by different P-450
      monooxygenases. It is striking that the inhibitors had a much lesser effect on
      the 20-hydroxylation of PGE1 as compared with other sites of hydroxylation.
      Structural identification of compounds X1 and X2 was elucidated as follows.
      Resistance of the PGB derivative of X1 to periodate oxidation and mass
      fragmentation analysis of the t-butyldimethylsilyl ether methyl ester, placed the
      hydroxylation at C17 or C18. Finally, mass fragmentation of trimethylsilyl ether
      methyl ester PGB derivatives of X1 and X2 provided conclusive evidence that X1
      and X2 are 18-hydroxy-PGE1 and 18-hydroxy-PGE2, respectively. The above findings
      indicate that the high regioselectivity of hydroxylation of PGE1 and PGE2,
      resulting in the formation of 18-hydroxy-PGE1 and 18-hydroxy-PGE2, respectively,
      is catalyzed by P-450 isozyme(s) which are induced by MC, possibly by P-450c.

PMID- 3856418
TI  - Isotretinoin therapy for progressive systemic sclerosis.

PMID- 3856419
TI  - Iatrogenic breast discharge with isotretinoin.

PMID- 3856420
TI  - Septic arthritis due to Histoplasma capsulatum in a leukaemic patient.
AB  - A case of septic, histoplasmal monoarthritis of the knee in a leukaemic patient
      is described. Ketoconazole therapy failed to eliminate the infection, but after
      histoplasmosis was diagnosed prolonged therapy with amphotericin B was curative.

PMID- 3856421
TI  - Preleukemia and urticaria pigmentosa followed by acute myelomonoblastic leukemia.
AB  - A preleukemic syndrome, mast cell hyperplasia in the bone marrow, and urticaria
      pigmentosa simultaneously developed in a 76-year-old woman. A year later, the
      patient died of acute myelomonoblastic leukemia. These associations provide
      evidence favoring the origin of the tissue mast cell from a bone marrow stem
      cell.

PMID- 3856422
TI  - [Quantitative analysis of the ultrastructure of gastric mucocytes in the rat
      after prostaglandin treatment].
AB  - Effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on mucus secretion by mucocytes of the fundal
      part of the rat stomach has been studied electron microscopically,
      morphometrically and biochemically. PGE2 is found to stimulate synthesis of
      glycoproteins and their secretion by the mucocytes that results in increasing the
      relative volume of Golgi complex and in decreasing that of secretory granules.
      Actinomycin does not affect and cycloheximide blocks the stimulating activity of
      prostaglandin. This demonstrates that prostaglandin produces its action at the
      posttranscriptional (translational) level controlling mucus secretion of
      mucocytes. Owing to the results of the investigation and of those previously
      obtained on incorporation of 3H-pentagastrin and 3H-histamine into the cells of
      the mucous tunic, at least two mechanisms are supposed to control the gastric
      mucus secretion.

PMID- 3856423
TI  - Cardiac complications of intensive dieting and eating disorders.

PMID- 3856424
TI  - Extended-wear soft contact lenses.

PMID- 3856425
TI  - Peritonsillar abscess.

PMID- 3856426
TI  - Identification of three antigens in human brain associated with similar antigens
      on human leukaemic cells.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies prepared against a non-T and non-B acute-lymphocytic
      leukaemia cell line were tested for reactivity against human brain tissue.
      Several of the monoclonal antibodies were found to react specifically with brain
      fractions. Three antigens, 44H4, 44D7 and 44D10, were identified in white matter.
      Although 44D10 was absent from grey matter, the levels of 44H4 and 44D7 antigens
      present in grey matter were 2- and 4-fold higher respectively than in white
      matter. Fractionation of white matter indicated that all three antigens were
      absent from the multilamellar compact myelin, but associated with a membrane
      fraction of higher density. All three antigens, which required detergent for
      solubilization from the membranes, were purified by affinity to monoclonal
      antibodies and/or were analysed by immunoblotting. The 44H4 and 44D10 antigens
      were single polypeptide chains with Mr 94000 and 80000 respectively when resolved
      by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Monoclonal
      antibody 44D7 reacted with a complex of a Mr greater than 120000 under non
      reducing conditions in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. This complex
      dissociated on reduction into four bands with Mr values of 80000, 57000, 47000
      and 41000. The brain antigens are present on proteins similar to, or identical
      with, those isolated from acute-lymphocytic-leukaemia cells.

PMID- 3856427
TI  - Stimulation of creatine kinase BB activity by parathyroid hormone and by
      prostaglandin E2 in cultured bone cells.
AB  - Bone cells in culture responded to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and prostaglandin E2
      (PGE2) by a 2-fold increase in creatine kinase (CK) activity. Combined treatment
      resulted in a higher response than with PTH alone. Calcitonin (CT) failed to
      stimulate CK activity, did not affect the response of CK to PTH, but inhibited
      slightly the increase in CK activity by PGE2. Bone-cell cultures grown in low
      [Ca2+] (0.125 mM), enriched in PTH-responsive osteoblast-like cells, responded to
      PTH, but not to PGE2 or CT, by increased CK activity. In both normal and low
      [Ca2+] cultures, 8-bromo cyclic AMP did not affect CK activity, nor did it change
      the response of the cells to PTH, PGE2 or CT. The increase in CK activity was
      time- and dose-dependent and inhibited both by cycloheximide and by actinomycin
      D. The isoenzyme of CK stimulated was the CKBB form, the isoenzyme induced by
      other hormones. This appears to be the first report of the stimulation of CK
      activity by a polypeptide hormone or a prostaglandin. We suggest that stimulation
      of CKBB can serve as a marker for the action of a variety of hormones and growth
      promoters.

PMID- 3856428
TI  - Increased dihydrofolate reductase activity in methotrexate-resistant human
      promyelocytic-leukaemia (HL-60) cells. Lack of correlation between increased
      activity and overproduction.
AB  - Methotrexate(MTX)-resistant human promyelocytic-leukaemia cells (HL-60) derived
      from MTX-sensitive cells have a 20-fold increase in dihydrofolate reductase
      (DHFR) activity as compared with the sensitive cells. This increase is not
      associated with a concomitant increase in DHFR protein as determined by sodium
      dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and by immunological methods
      using mouse anti-DHFR antibody. The rate of DHFR synthesis is similar in both
      cell lines. Furthermore, both the sensitive and resistant cells have similar
      amounts of RNA hybridizing to a DHFR complementary-DNA probe, correlating well
      with the lack of increase in DHFR protein. DHFR-gene dosages were similar in both
      types of cells. We conclude that the 20-fold increase in DHFR activity present in
      these MTX-resistant cells is not due to the overproduction of DHFR but due to the
      expression of a more active form of the enzyme.

PMID- 3856429
TI  - Human c-myc and N-ras expression during induction of HL-60 cellular
      differentiation.
AB  - The genome of the human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell contains amplified c
      myc sequences and the transforming N-ras oncogene. The present study has
      monitored c-myc and N-ras expression in HL-60 cells during induction of myeloid
      and monocytic differentiation with dimethyl sulfoxide, hexamethylene
      bisacetamide, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and 1,25 dihydroxy-vitamin D3.
      The results demonstrate that induction of HL-60 differentiation is associated
      with decreases in c-myc RNA, while there is little if any effect on expression of
      the N-ras gene. Although the diminution in c-myc expression occurred as an early
      event in the induction of HL-60 differentiation, the rate of decrease in c-myc
      transcripts varied with respect to cessation of proliferation. Thus, the
      appearance of the mature phenotype and loss of proliferative capacity are
      associated with declines in c-myc RNA, while these events appear to occur in the
      absence of significant alterations in N-ras expression.

PMID- 3856430
TI  - Cellular transport of anthracyclines by passive diffusion. Implications for drug
      resistance.

PMID- 3856431
TI  - Dissociation kinetics of DNA-anthracycline and DNA-anthraquinone complexes
      determined by stopped-flow spectrophotometry.
AB  - The first order rate constants for the dissociation of daunorubicin, doxorubicin,
      and 1-; 1,4-; 1,5-; and 1,8-; N,N-diethylaminoethylamino-substituted
      anthraquinones from calf thymus DNA were determined using stopped-flow
      spectrophotometry. Sodium dodecyl sulphate was used to disrupt the equilibrium.
      In all cases there was an increase in the rate constant with temperature. The
      dissociation rate constants at 20 degrees, 25 degrees and 37 degrees, were in the
      order 1-; much greater than 1,8-; greater than 1,4-; greater than daunorubicin
      and doxorubicin greater than 1,5-disubstituted anthraquinone. The 1,5
      disubstituted anthraquinone (VII) thus shows the slowest rate of dissociation
      from DNA; the DNA complex dissociating more slowly than the DNA complexes of the
      anthracyclines, daunorubicin and doxorubicin. The result is consistent with the
      data from computer graphics modelling studies [39] which show that DNA-breathing
      (transient base pair unstacking) has to occur to allow the docking of the 1,5
      disubstituted anthraquinone (VII) into the receptor site. Hence once the 1,5
      disubstituted anthraquinone molecule has intercalated into DNA, DNA-breathing is
      required before dissociation can take place. This is not necessary with the other
      compounds (though the 1,4-disubstituted anthraquinone (V) can bind in this manner
      as well). So the very slow dissociation of the DNA/1,5-disubstituted
      anthraquinone complex relative to that of the DNA complexes of the other
      compounds examined here, supports the proposed mode of binding [39].

PMID- 3856432
TI  - Indomethacin-sensitive 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat tissues.
AB  - The purified 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50) of rat liver
      cytosol is potently inhibited by the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in rank
      order of their therapeutic potency, i.e. by micromolar concentrations that would
      inhibit cyclooxygenase [T. M. Penning, and P. Talalay, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci.
      U.S.A. 80, 4504 (1983)]. In the present study, indomethacin-sensitive 3 alpha
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is shown to exist in seven rat tissues, including
      those that require androgens for growth (e.g. prostate) and those that rapidly
      metabolize prostaglandins (e.g. lung). Thus, the reduction of 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone catalyzed by prostatic cytosol was potently inhibited by
      indomethacin (IC50 = 10 microM), while the reduction of 5 beta-dihydrocortisone
      catalyzed by liver, lung and testis was more sensitive to inhibition by this drug
      (IC50 1-3 microM). These data suggest that, under conditions in which
      cyclooxygenase is inhibited, androgen and cortisone metabolism may be affected. A
      surprising feature is that the specific activity of the indomethacin-sensitive
      dehydrogenase was higher in the lung than in tissues that are hormonally
      responsive (e.g. prostate and testis).

PMID- 3856433
TI  - [Effect of thymosin alpha 1 on prostaglandin release by murine lymphocytes].
AB  - The effects on PGE2 release by lymphocytes obtained from adult thymectomized mice
      and from normal mice, after incubation with Thymosin alpha 1, were studied.
      Splenocytes from Tx mice release PGE2 at short time of incubation (15') using 4
      micrograms/ml of Thymosin alpha 1 and at longer time of incubation (60'-180'
      using 4-8 micrograms/ml of Thymosin alpha 1. On the other hand thymocytes release
      the highest amounts of PGE2 after longer time of incubation (60'-180'). However
      lymphocytes obtained from normal mice do not release PGE2 amounts comparable with
      that released by the control samples. This effect shows an interesting
      interaction between thymic hormones and PGs.

PMID- 3856434
TI  - Local anaesthetic formulations.

PMID- 3856435
TI  - "A study of pH of dental local anaesthetic solutions'.

PMID- 3856436
TI  - 'Cardiac dysrhythmias during dental surgery'.

PMID- 3856437
TI  - Antimicrobial prophylaxis of endocarditis.

PMID- 3856438
TI  - Traumatic herniation of buccal pad of fat.

PMID- 3856439
TI  - Abrasivity of dentifrices on anterior restorative materials.

PMID- 3856441
TI  - A convert toothbrush injury--18 years later.

PMID- 3856440
TI  - The longevity of occlusal amalgam restorations in first permanent molars of child
      patients.

PMID- 3856442
TI  - Dental factors in Scuba mouthpiece design.

PMID- 3856443
TI  - Pulmonary candidiasis in a heroin addict: some remarks on its aetiology and
      pathogenesis.

PMID- 3856444
TI  - Adverse effects of alcohol in pregnancy.

PMID- 3856445
TI  - How can addiction occur with other than drug involvements?

PMID- 3856446
TI  - The costs of alcohol misuse.

PMID- 3856447
TI  - Patterns of outcome: drinking histories over ten years among a group of
      alcoholics.

PMID- 3856448
TI  - Past experience of advice and treatment for drinking problems of patients with
      alcoholic liver disease.

PMID- 3856449
TI  - The Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) in a sample of Irish
      problem drinkers.

PMID- 3856450
TI  - Metabolic bone disease and fractures in male alcoholics: a pilot study.

PMID- 3856451
TI  - Some observations on the Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome in Australia.

PMID- 3856452
TI  - The haemolysis resistance test (HRT) in chronic excessive drinkers: a pilot
      study.

PMID- 3856453
TI  - The collectivity of drinking cultures: a theory of the distribution of alcohol
      consumption.

PMID- 3856454
TI  - Do cancers arise from a single transformed cell or is monoclonality of tumours a
      late event in carcinogenesis?

PMID- 3856455
TI  - Keratinocyte class II histocompatibility antigen expression.

PMID- 3856456
TI  - Eating disorders: too little or too much.

PMID- 3856457
TI  - "Masked" Ph1-chromosome in chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML).
AB  - The CML patients with so called masked Ph1-chromosome have been reviewed.
      Although the importance of c-sis and c-abl oncogenes is gaining popularity yet
      their role in the genesis of CML remain obscure. Patients with masked Ph1
      chromosomes where chromosome 9 is not involved in the translocation(s) will
      provide a clue to the role of c-abl and/or c-sis in oncogenesis.

PMID- 3856459
TI  - Binges, vomiting and guilt.

PMID- 3856458
TI  - Suppression of eating by fenfluramine in patients with bulimia nervosa.
AB  - Fifteen patients with bulimia nervosa received fenfluramine (60 mg po) or placebo
      under double-blind, randomly ordered conditions. Two hours later food was
      presented. Significantly less food was eaten after fenfluramine and the quantity
      eaten was inversely correlated with serum fenfluramine levels. Significantly
      fewer patients reported bulimic symptoms during the test after fenfluramine, but
      no significant effect was demonstrated after leaving the ward. Fenfluramine
      caused drowsiness but did not reduce hunger ratings. Similarly, eating failed to
      reduce hunger ratings normally in the patients. These findings suggest that in
      patients with bulimia nervosa, hunger is reported abnormally and eating is
      suppressed by fenfluramine. Bulimic symptoms were probably reduced by
      fenfluramine, which may prove to be a useful treatment for bulimia nervosa.

PMID- 3856460
TI  - A cognitive behavioural group treatment of bulimia.
AB  - This study describes a group treatment of bulimia using an adaptation of
      Fairburn's (1981) cognitive behavioural approach. Thirteen bulimic women with a
      self-reported average of 24 self-induced vomiting episodes per week were treated
      in two groups; each group met once a week for 16 weeks. The primary outcome
      measure was the number of self-reported vomiting episodes; pre- and post
      treatment measures of eating attitudes, depression, assertiveness, and global
      level of psychological distress were also evaluated. Vomiting frequency decreased
      to an average 2.2 times per week (a 91% improvement) with seven patients
      abstinent by the end of treatment. Significant pre- to post-treatment changes
      were also demonstrated on measures of depression, eating attitudes, and
      assertiveness. Six-month follow-up data on 11 patients indicate a mean vomiting
      frequency of 3.8 per week; six patients maintained their progress. Although
      Fairburn had greater success using an individual cognitive behavioural approach,
      the results of the present study are promising for the development of a cost
      effective treatment.

PMID- 3856461
TI  - 4-Demethoxydaunorubicin (Idarubicin) in refractory or relapsed acute leukemias. A
      pilot study.
AB  - Twenty-five adults with previously treated acute leukemia were treated with 4
      demethoxydaunorubicin (Idarubicin) with a daily dose of 8 mg/m2 for 3 days
      intravenously. Complete remission was achieved in 3 of 18 patients with acute
      nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) and 2 of 6 with lymphoblastic leukemia. Complete
      remissions were observed in two of eight ANLL patients refractory to cytarabine,
      anthracycline, and m-Amsa (amsacrine), indicating a lack of cross-resistance
      between these drugs and Idarubicin. The median duration of remission was 8 weeks.
      The main major toxicity of Idarubicin therapy, severe myelosuppression, cannot be
      considered a toxic effect because it was desired in this case list. Our
      preliminary results indicate that Idarubicin has significant activity against
      refractory adult acute leukemia.

PMID- 3856462
TI  - Genetic studies in multiple myeloma. II. Immunoglobulin allotype associations.
AB  - A weakly positive but statistically significant association between HLA-Cw5 and
      myeloma has been reported in black patients. The authors attempted to determine
      whether immunoglobulin allotypes of the Gm series demonstrate any such
      association. They were identified in the sera of 29 black patients and 160
      healthy black control subjects by a standard hemagglutination-inhibition
      technique. The results indicate that the G3m(g5) allotype is significantly
      associated with myeloma. Furthermore, addition of that immunoglobulin allotype to
      a Gm phenotype that is negatively associated with myeloma gives a phenotype that
      is positively associated with the disease, both associations being statistically
      significant. It was concluded that G3m(g5) is a marker of inherited
      susceptibility to myeloma in black Americans. Furthermore, as G3m(g5) is present
      in almost 50% of normal control subjects, it was proposed that its expression in
      a much greater proportion of patients may be related to an underlying genetic
      rearrangement that is also associated with neoplastic transformation.

PMID- 3856463
TI  - Acquisition of a Philadelphia chromosome concomitant with transformation of a
      refractory anemia into an acute leukemia.
AB  - The authors present a case of Philadelphia (Ph1) positive acute myeloblastic
      leukemia (AML) following a refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) that
      had been Ph1-negative for 17 months. During the transformation of RAEB into AML,
      the Ph1 was discovered in 100% of the examined cells. With therapy a partial
      remission was obtained, during which some 46,XY cells reappeared mixed with Ph1
      cells along with a new clone: 47,XY,+11 originating from a Ph1-negative cell.
      During the terminal blast crisis, the karyotype returned to 46,XY,Ph1. The AML
      lasted 21 months. The authors discuss: (1) the significance of Ph1-positive AML
      with a review of the literature; (2) the de novo acquisition of a Ph1 during the
      course of a blood disorder; and (3) the meaning of a second abnormal clone
      originating from 46,XY cells.

PMID- 3856464
TI  - The adverse effect of prolonged prednisolone pretreatment in children with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Between 1971 and 1981, 699 children were diagnosed to have acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia (ALL) in Hungary. 34 of these children had received prednisolone therapy
      prior to the establishment of the diagnosis. The most frequent presumptive
      diagnoses that prompted steroid treatment were aplastic conditions and arthritic
      disorders. Leukemia was diagnosed when the presenting symptoms reappeared usually
      several weeks after the initiation of steroid therapy and often following
      withdrawal of the drug. Initial leukemic burden, as judged by leukocyte count and
      hepatosplenomegaly, was smaller in these patients than in other children with
      leukemia at the time of diagnosis. Although they entered remission at the same
      rate as the other patients, the length of continuous complete remission was
      significantly shorter in the prednisolone pretreated group. It appears that
      prolonged prednisolone therapy given before remission induction imparts a
      distinct unfavorable prognosis.

PMID- 3856465
TI  - Institutional performance in application of the FAB classification of acute
      leukemia. The Southwest Oncology Group experience.
AB  - Institutional performance in application of the French-American-British (FAB)
      classification of acute leukemia in The Southwest Oncology Group is presented,
      demonstrating a disparity between institutional and expert performance. A
      significant improvement is shown with an educational effort coupled with
      experience in use of the classification, and the importance of cytochemistry in
      the use of the classification is illustrated. A simplification of the
      classification, merging M1, M2, and M4 as M7, is proposed. This simplification
      improves institutional performance in use of the classification, while preserving
      distinctions that appear clinically important.

PMID- 3856466
TI  - Plasma membranes from normal and chronic myeloid leukemic granulocytes: isolation
      and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis.
AB  - Normal human granulocytes obtained by Ficoll-Hypaque sedimentation were subjected
      to mild hypotonic shock and disruption by shear. The homogenate was fractionated
      by differential centrifugation and equilibrium ultracentrifugation to yield a
      plasma membrane preparation constituting 1% of the total cellular protein and
      enriched fifteen- and six-fold in alkaline phosphatase and Mg2+-adenosine
      triphosphatase activities, respectively. Granulocytes obtained from patients with
      chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were identically processed. The protein
      constituents of both the normal and CML granulocyte plasma membranes were
      resolved by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparison of the
      stained gels revealed CML-associated quantitative changes in four out of the
      fifteen protein spots examined. Thus, this analysis has permitted identification
      of those protein moieties that deserve attention for further isolation and
      purification.

PMID- 3856467
TI  - A study of chromosome content of Friend virus-induced mouse erythroleukemia cells
      (clone M2) via karyotype reconstruction.
AB  - Clone M2 of a Friend virus-induced mouse erythroleukemia cell line has been
      studied using G- and C-banding and Ag-staining. The modal chromosome number was
      37. The population showed a remarkable karyotype stability and a similar
      chromosome content. Nullisomy and monosomy were recorded for 12 pairs of
      chromosomes. Determination of the origin of all 13 marker chromosomes made it
      possible to establish exact chromosome content of each cell. The generalized
      reconstructed karyotype of the cell line investigated was established by
      reconstructing cell karyotypes. This made it possible to demonstrate the
      retention of a mouse diploid chromosome set (40,XY), constant extra copies of
      chromosomes #2, #3, and #19, and for some cells, #9.

PMID- 3856468
TI  - Marker chromosomes in direct preparations of human large bowel tumors.
AB  - A survey of 257 marker chromosomes in 48 primary human large bowel
      adenocarcinomas showed that 44% were markers with recognized patterns.
      Chromosomes #1, #3, #5, #8, #9, #13, and #17 were involved most frequently.
      Markers related to chromosomes #7 and X were not seen in any recognizable form.
      The unidentified chromosomes were classified as markers with abnormal banding
      regions. In correlating tumor location and stage of invasion with markers, there
      were fewer markers in tumors from the right side. However, there was little
      difference in the number of markers seen in the left-sided tumors, irrespective
      of histopathologic stage, suggesting that function and microenvironmental
      conditions between various parts of the colon may be related to these
      differences. The most striking observation is that 21% of all tumors analyzed
      were without any obvious markers.

PMID- 3856469
TI  - Chromosomal abnormalities in lymphoid crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - The karyotypes in six patients with Ph-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia
      (CML) were investigated during the lymphoid crisis associated with high levels of
      terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and/or the common acute lymphoblastic
      antigen (CALLA). Five of the six patients had only the Ph chromosome, with no
      other karyotypic abnormalities. The remaining one patient had a hypodiploid
      karyotype: 44,XY, -1, + der(1;?)(p22;?), -3, -4, -6, -7, -8, -9, +22q-, + mar1, +
      mar2, + mar3. In four patients with lymphoid crisis expressing TdT and CALLA, the
      response to treatment with vincristine (VCR) and prednisolone (PRD) was
      satisfactory, except for the one patient whose karyotype was hypodiploid. A
      discussion is presented as to whether or not there is a correlation between the
      karyotypic changes, using banding methods, and TdT expression in patients whose
      blast cells were categorized morphologically as lymphoblastic at the onset of the
      blastic phase of CML. Sequential chromosome examinations during the chronic and
      blastic phases of CML were also performed in this study.

PMID- 3856470
TI  - Unusual Ph translocations in the French prospective study on chronic myeloid
      leukemia. Groupe Francais de Cytogenetique Hematologique.
AB  - In a prospective and collaborative cytogenetic study of chronic myelocytic
      leukemia (CML) in France, 234 new patients were collected in 3 yr. A standard Ph
      chromosome was present in 80.7% of the cases; 13.1% of the patients had
      additional chromosomal abnormalities, and 5.9% of the patients had an unusual Ph
      translocations (3 simple, 11 complex). Geographical differences in the incidence
      of the unusual Ph translocations were present.

PMID- 3856471
TI  - Clonal evolution in acute promyelocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3856472
TI  - Translocation X;10 in a case of congenital acute monocytic leukemia.
AB  - Unusual cytogenetic findings were noted in the leukemic cells from a patient with
      congenital acute monocytic leukemia (AMol or M5, according to the FAB
      classification), whereas, the chromosomes of cultured skin fibroblasts were
      normal. G-banded karyotypes of leukemic cells showed an X-autosome translocation,
      46,X,t(X;10)(Xpter----q13::10q11.2----qter)(10pter---- q11.2::Xq28----q13:: Xq28-
      --qter). Review of reported cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) with
      rearrangements involving chromosomes #10 or X showed a high frequency of
      abnormalities of the short arm of #10 in myelomonocytic (M4) and monocytic (M5)
      leukemias, particularly in patients less than 2-yr-of-age. Although previously
      reported cases of ANLL in infants are predominantly of these types, the
      translocation observed in this case is unique. Fragile sites known to exist on
      chromosomes #10 and X are not associated with neoplasia and, except for Xq27-28,
      were not at the breakpoints of the case presented. The precise location of a
      human cellular oncogene recently identified on the X chromosome remains unknown.

PMID- 3856473
TI  - 5q- in a case of blastic phase chronic myeloid leukemia.

PMID- 3856475
TI  - Localization of anti-osteogenic sarcoma monoclonal antibody 791T/36 in a primary
      human osteogenic sarcoma and its subsequent xenograft in immunodeprived mice.
AB  - A primary human osteogenic sarcoma was visualized in situ by external gamma
      camera imaging following administration of 131I-labelled anti-osteogenic sarcoma
      monoclonal antibody 791T/36. A xenograft of the tumour established in
      immunodeprived mice also showed localization of 131I-791T/36 determined by both
      gamma-camera imaging and organ distribution studies. Radiolabelled normal
      immunoglobulin showed no tumour localization. Expression of the 791T/36-defined
      antigen on xenografted tissue was further confirmed by reaction of its in vitro
      cultured cells with fluorescein-labelled 791T/36 antibody.

PMID- 3856474
TI  - A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with t(10;19)(q26;q13).
AB  - We report a patient with non-B non-T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who has
      translocation t(10;19)(q26;q13), which has not been reported previously. A brief
      review of the translocations involving chromosome #19 in ALL is also presented.

PMID- 3856476
TI  - Full expression of blood group-related, transplantation-related, and
      carcinoembryonic antigens in human colorectal cancer cells with different degrees
      of phenotypic differentiation.
AB  - Seven established human colon carcinoma cell lines with distinct degrees of
      phenotypic differentiation were evaluated for the presence of blood group-related
      and transplantation-related antigens in relation to their production of
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). All lines presented A and B antigens regardless
      of the patients' original red blood cell type. However, tumor cells from patients
      originally classified as O-type had lower expression of both A and B antigens and
      high production of CEA. Cells from patients with an original A type had low to
      undetectable CEA production and high expression of both A and B antigens. There
      was no particular segregation of transplantation-related antigens with respect to
      phenotypic expression. All lines presented HLA-A, -B, and -C, as well as -DR
      antigens. These results demonstrate that colon carcinoma cells have the ability
      to fully express both blood group-related and transplantation-related antigens,
      even if discordant with the donor's red blood cell phenotype. Furthermore, it
      appears that expression of A antigen is intimately related to synthesis of CEA.

PMID- 3856477
TI  - Evolution of methotrexate resistance of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
      in vitro.
AB  - A human acute lymphoblastic T-cell line, MOLT-3, was fed with Roswell Park
      Memorial Institute Medium 1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and
      antibiotics which contained increasing concentrations of methotrexate (MTX). The
      development of drug resistance was associated initially with progressive decrease
      in MTX transport. When the cells became 200-fold resistant, a rise in the
      dihydrofolate reductase was noted which was short-lived in the absence of the
      drug. A 10,000-fold increase in MTX resistance was accompanied, in addition to
      further decrease in MTX transport, by a 10-fold increase in the dihydrofolate
      reductase activity. While the purely transport-related resistant cell lines had a
      collateral sensitivity to lipid-soluble antifols, the sublines which had both
      transport- and enzyme-related MTX resistance contained a subpopulation highly
      resistant to these antifols. Chromosome analysis of the subline with increased
      dihydrofolate reductase activity showed an expanded abnormally banded region in
      chromosome 5.

PMID- 3856478
TI  - Single-dose pharmacokinetic study of 13-cis-retinoic acid in man.
AB  - A pharmacokinetic study of 13-cis-retinoic acid was performed in nine patients
      following administration of a single oral dose of 80 mg. An average lag time of
      1.2 hours was observed, followed by fast absorption, with a mean half-life of 0.5
      hour. Peak plasmatic concentration of 733 ng/ml occurred at 2.3 hours. The
      disposition profile showed a rapid distribution half-life of 1.3 hours and a
      terminal elimination half-life of 24.7 hours. No 13-cis-retinoic acid was
      detected unchanged in urine. An important interpatient variability was noted.

PMID- 3856479
TI  - Coagulopathy induced by continuous infusion of high doses of human lymphoblastoid
      interferon.
AB  - Seven patients with myeloblastic leukemia were treated for 10 days with high-dose
      (15 or 30 million units/m2/day), human lymphoblastoid interferon (Wellferon) by
      continuous iv infusion. All patients developed prolonged activated partial
      thromboplastin time, and four developed prolonged prothrombin time. Factor assays
      demonstrated low levels of II, VII, IX, X, and XII. Coagulation abnormalities
      improved after discontinuation of interferon therapy.

PMID- 3856480
TI  - Phase I clinical evaluation of diaziquone in childhood cancer.
AB  - Diaziquone (AZQ), a new lipid-soluble antitumor agent, was given by 15-30-minute
      infusion on a daily X 5 schedule to 47 children with refractory solid tumors and
      leukemia. The starting daily dose of 6 mg/m2 was escalated to 10 and 35 mg/m2 in
      patients with solid tumors and leukemia, respectively. In patients with solid
      tumors, myelosuppression was dose-limiting at a daily dose of 10 mg/m2. In
      patients with leukemia, prolonged pancytopenia and bone marrow hypoplasia were
      observed at daily doses greater than or equal to 25 mg/m2. At these higher doses,
      significant hyperbilirubinemia associated with sepsis was also seen.
      Corresponding increases of transaminases or alkaline phosphatase and significant
      hemolysis were not noted. The maximum tolerated dose for this daily dose schedule
      was 9 mg/m2 in children with solid tumors and 25 mg/m2 in children with relapsed
      leukemia. Responses to AZQ included stabilization of disease in osteosarcoma,
      neurofibrosarcoma, pinealoma, and ependymoma. A patient with juvenile chronic
      myelocytic leukemia in blast crisis converted back to the chronic phase. A
      patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia had a substantial decrease in
      cerebrospinal fluid blast count. Bone marrow aplasia was achieved in children
      with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia; however,
      remissions were not achieved. A phase II study of AZQ in children with refractory
      malignancies is now being performed by the Childrens Cancer Study Group.

PMID- 3856481
TI  - Chemical and histological changes during development of artificial caries.

PMID- 3856482
TI  - A scanning electron microscopic study of surface changes during development of
      artificial caries.

PMID- 3856483
TI  - Kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of enamel demineralization.

PMID- 3856484
TI  - Development of carious-like lesions in partially saturated lactate buffers.

PMID- 3856485
TI  - Transport and phosphorylation of xylitol by a fructose phosphotransferase system
      in Streptococcus mutans.

PMID- 3856486
TI  - Additive inhibitory effects of combinations of fluoride and chlorhexidine on acid
      production by Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis.

PMID- 3856487
TI  - Effects of ionic organic materials on enamel demineralization.

PMID- 3856488
TI  - Changes in caries prevalence among adolescents in Budapest, Hungary, from 1975 to
      1982.

PMID- 3856489
TI  - Merocyanine 540 recognizes membrane abnormalities of erythrocytes in chronic
      myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - Merocyanine 540 is a fluorescent dye which stains erythrocytes that have lost
      their normal membrane phospholipid asymmetry. Because erythrocytes from patients
      with chronic myelogenous leukemia have been reported to display this abnormal
      phenotype, peripheral blood erythrocytes from such patients were examined for
      their ability to stain with the dye. Erythrocytes from all patients with active
      disease states stained, whereas neither erythrocytes from normal, healthy
      individuals nor from a patient whose disease symptoms were eliminated by
      chemotherapy stained. These results suggest that merocyanine 540 may have utility
      in the clinical evaluation of chronic myelogenous leukemia.

PMID- 3856490
TI  - [Modern clinical and laboratory diagnosis of acute leukemias in childhood].

PMID- 3856491
TI  - Plasma fibronectin in various hemopathic diseases.
AB  - Plasma fibronectin was determined by laser nephelometric immunoassay in two
      populations: (a) healthy subjects separated into three age groups (16-29 yr, 30
      50 yr and over 50 yr) and, (b) patients with various hemopathic diseases without
      any infection or any therapy. Results showed that fibronectin levels in a healthy
      population were strongly influenced by age. An increase of human plasma
      fibronectin was shown to occur with age. Results in hemopathic patients were
      expressed in terms of percentage of mean deviations as compared to normal mean
      values for the corresponding age range. We found that plasma fibronectin was
      significantly decreased in acute myeloblastic leukemia, especially in transfused
      patients, polycythemia vera, osteomyelofibrosis. Waldenstrom disease, benign
      dysproteinemia, refractory anemia and stage IV non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma.
      Plasma fibronectin-decreased levels appear to be of prognostic value in the
      evolution of malignant hemopathic diseases.

PMID- 3856492
TI  - Non-dermatological complications and genetic aspects of the Rothmund-Thomson
      syndrome.
AB  - We report two new cases of Rothmund-Thomson syndrome which emphasize the less
      well-known non-dermatological complications, namely: hypodontia, soft tissue
      contractures, proportionate short stature, hypogonadism, anaemia and osteogenic
      sarcoma. Genetic analysis of these and previously reported pedigrees supports
      autosomal recessive inheritance.

PMID- 3856493
TI  - Disease risk estimates from marker association data. Application to individuals
      at risk for hemochromatosis.
AB  - The recessive hemochromatosis gene is both linked to the HLA region on chromosome
      6 and nonrandomly associated with certain HLA alleles. The use of linked HLA
      markers to trace known hemochromatosis genes within a family is well known, but
      using the population associations to detect unsuspected disease genes has not
      been fully appreciated. Thus, while HLA typing has been utilized to detect
      asymptomatic affected siblings, it has not been applied to other relatives. We
      propose a method in which Bayes' rule is used to calculate the probability that
      designated HLA marker haplotypes, brought into the family by spouses, have
      attendant hemochromatosis genes. The A3, B14 and A3, B7 haplotypes are such high
      risk markers. When these haplotypes are inherited from the unaffected parent, the
      offspring of an individual with hemochromatosis is at marked increased risk for
      the disease. When A3 and B14 are absent from the HLA marker haplotype, however,
      the risk of having a hemochromatosis gene is less than that for the general
      population. This approach should be helpful in identifying family members at a
      higher risk for developing the disease and who may then undergo appropriate
      periodic screening.

PMID- 3856494
TI  - Cystic fibrosis; hint of linkage with F13B.

PMID- 3856495
TI  - Acute myelomonocytic leukaemia developing in a patient with psoriasis treated
      with oral 8-methoxypsoralen and longwave ultraviolet light.

PMID- 3856496
TI  - Retinoids and multiple trichoepitheliomata.

PMID- 3856497
TI  - Echocardiographic findings in Pompe's disease with left ventricular obstruction.
AB  - Two infants with Pompe's disease (type II glycogenosis) showing echocardiographic
      evidence of obstructive cardiomyopathy are described. On M-mode and two
      dimensional (2-D) echocardiography there was a severe hypertrophy of the
      interventricular septum, free, and posterior left ventricular wall with
      midsystolic closure of the aortic valve. The combined echocardiographic and
      electrocardiographic findings are helpful in the clinical diagnosis of this
      severe disease.

PMID- 3856498
TI  - Solid leukemic tumor. An uncommon presentation of a common disease.
AB  - Granulocytic sarcoma of the clavicle occurred in a 17-year-old boy. The patient
      had a densely sclerotic bony lesion with periosteal reaction and no peripheral
      blood manifestations of leukemia. Supraclavicular adenopathy developed after a
      preliminary diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma was made, and a second biopsy was
      performed. Electron microscopy of the tissue showed Auer bodies and Charcot
      Leyden granules characteristic of acute myelogenous leukemia. Combination
      chemotherapy, local irradiation, and clavicular resection have left the patient
      with no evidence of disease 50 months after diagnosis. Leukemia may appear as a
      solitary bone tumor before hematologic changes develop. Granulocytic sarcomas can
      have the radiographic and histologic appearance of primary bone tumors. Bone
      marrow examination and electron microscopy of biopsy tissue are diagnostic of
      leukemia and are important in all hospital investigations of round-cell tumors of
      bone.

PMID- 3856499
TI  - Evaluation of radiographic findings in painful hip arthroplasties.
AB  - A retrospective study of 50 surgically confirmed painful hip arthroplasties was
      performed to identify the roentgenographic findings that are most important in
      the detection of component loosening or infection. Plain film radiographs and
      subtraction arthrograms were reviewed in all cases, and specific features
      revealed by these two radiographic modalities indicative of component failure
      were identified. Seventeen patients had radioisotope bone scans and 13 of these
      had additional gallium scans. Plain film roentgenograms correctly identified
      loosening in 69% of acetabular and 84% of femoral components. Subtraction
      arthrography had an accuracy of 96% for both acetabular and femoral component
      loosening. Scintigraphic studies were correct in 77% of acetabular and 89% of
      femoral components; gallium scans identified 77% of infected hip prostheses.

PMID- 3856500
TI  - Myositis ossificans with Ga-67 citrate positivity.
AB  - A 16 year-old boy presented with a firm mass within the left thigh. Ga-6 7
      citrate and bone scintigraphy revealed soft tissue radiotracer accumulation
      within the mass lesion. Radiographs and xerography of the left thigh revealed
      calcification within the soft tissue mass typical of myositis ossificans. The
      patient's clinical course was uneventful.

PMID- 3856501
TI  - Isotretinoin kinetics after 80 to 320 mg oral doses.
AB  - Twelve healthy male subjects received 80, 160, 240, and 320 mg doses of oral
      isotretinoin as multiples of 40 mg capsules separated by 2-week washout periods
      in a randomized, crossover design. Blood samples were drawn at specific times
      over a 72-hour period after dosing. Blood concentrations of isotretinoin as well
      as its major metabolite, 4-oxo-isotretinoin, were determined by a specific HPLC
      method. In addition to the normal laboratory battery of tests, serum triglyceride
      levels were determined before the first dose and again 72 hours after each of the
      four doses. Mean (+/- SD) maximum concentrations after 80 to 320 mg doses were
      366 +/- 159, 820 +/- 474, 1056 +/- 547, and 981 +/- 381 ng/ml, whereas the
      respective AUC0-infinity values were 3690 +/- 1280, 7030 +/- 4140, 9780 +/- 6080,
      and 9040 +/- 2900 ng X hr/ml. The observed apparent elimination t1/2 remained
      approximately the same (14.7 hours) for each dose. The maximum concentration and
      AUC values for isotretinoin appear to be dose proportional from 80 to 240 mg but
      plateau at the 320 mg dose level. Therefore, because isotretinoin blood
      concentrations may not increase with higher doses in the fasting state, single,
      oral doses in excess of 240 mg should be used with caution. The data also suggest
      that elevated triglyceride levels are not a simple function of isotretinoin blood
      concentrations across the entire study population and dose range studied, but
      that in subjects with triglyceride levels in excess of the normal range
      triglyceride levels were positively related to isotretinoin blood concentrations.

PMID- 3856502
TI  - Influence of age, sex and potassium excretion on urinary prostaglandins in
      children.
AB  - Measurement of urinary 6-ketoprostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha and PGE2 excretion in 83
      healthy children, aged 5-15 years, revealed that supervised 4 h urine collections
      under mild water diuresis provided more consistent results than overnight 12 h
      urine collections. Males had higher urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha but
      not of PGE2 compared with females. Urinary potassium was related to 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha in both 4 and 12 h urine collections and urinary sodium to 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha in 4 h collections only. In the sexes combined multiple regression analyses
      revealed age as the only significant influence on prostanoid excretion (P =
      0.001). Thus age and sex and dietary potassium intake need to be considered in
      studies of urinary prostanoids in children.

PMID- 3856503
TI  - Dental xeroradiography: a review and update for dental medicine.

PMID- 3856504
TI  - Understanding dental pain: Part II.

PMID- 3856505
TI  - Managing digital habits in children.

PMID- 3856506
TI  - Oral viral leukoplakia ("hairy" leukoplakia): a new oral lesion in association
      with AIDS.

PMID- 3856507
TI  - Therapeutic effect of cryosurgery of murine osteosarcoma--influence on disease
      outcome and immune function.
AB  - Experiments comparing conventional operative treatment and cryosurgery of a
      murine osteosarcoma showed that local tumor destruction by freezing in situ was
      similar or superior to amputation concerning survival and formation of
      metastasis, depending on tumor stage. Limited local resection was less effective.
      Immune functions affected by cryosurgical tumor destruction included depression
      of natural killer cell activity and decrease of tumor-specific autologous IgG
      antibodies in the serum.

PMID- 3856508
TI  - [Study on the association of HLA with idiopathic cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 3856509
TI  - [Prolymphocytic leukemia. Report of 8 cases].

PMID- 3856510
TI  - Quantitation of anthracyclines in human hematopoietic cell subpopulations by flow
      cytometry correlated with high pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - The major white cell subpopulations present in bone marrow and peripheral blood
      can be discriminated by forward and perpendicular light scatter two-parameter
      flow cytometry (FCM). Fluorescent properties of anthracycline antibiotics allow
      measurement of the concentration of these cytotoxic drugs in hematopoietic cells
      by FCM as a third parameter. Analysis of scatter-gated fluorescence histograms
      provides quantitative information about the cellular concentration of at least
      four cell categories in human blood and bone marrow cells. A good correlation was
      found between the mean cellular fluorescence measured by FCM and the overall
      cellular concentration of adriamycin, daunomycin, and their main metabolites
      determined with high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). In incubation
      experiments with human hematopoietic tissues, the final concentration of various
      anthracyclines in subpopulations of white cells appeared to be dependent on cell
      density, incubation time, temperature, and type of compound and its
      concentration. FCM analysis is a rapid, sensitive, and quantitative method for
      measurement of cellular anthracycline concentrations in subpopulations and
      therefore provides an useful new tool in monitoring chemotherapy.

PMID- 3856511
TI  - Crohn's disease and leukemia.

PMID- 3856512
TI  - [Electron spectroscopic research on the corrosion of a gold-plated non-precious
      metal design].

PMID- 3856513
TI  - [Comparative materials research on glass ionomer cements of different chemical
      compositions with reference to clinical findings].

PMID- 3856514
TI  - [Collagen-hydroxyapatite implants for treating periodontal bone defects
      (experimental animal research)].

PMID- 3856515
TI  - [Periodontal reaction of the teeth involved in the fracture gap in mandibular
      fractures].

PMID- 3856516
TI  - [Computed tomographic staging of the dysfunctional transformation of the condylar
      head].

PMID- 3856517
TI  - [Biochemical capacity of glucan-producing cariogenic Streptococci from human
      dental plaque with special reference to their acid-forming capacity].

PMID- 3856518
TI  - Transport of beta-globin mRNA from nuclei of murine Friend erythroleukemia cells.
      Reversible inhibition of transport by the oxidizing sulfhydryl reagent o
      iodosobenzoate.
AB  - An in vitro assay system for analysis of beta-globin mRNA transport is described.
      Nuclei isolated from murine Friend erythroleukemia cells induced to synthesize
      globin mRNA, were incubated in micro-assays. By electrophoresis and hybridization
      analysis, released 9-S beta-globin mRNA was shown to be undegraded. After direct
      blotting, the released mRNA was quantified by hybridization with a labeled
      plasmid containing a beta-globin DNA restriction fragment. The inducibility of
      beta-globin mRNA transport corresponded to that previously reported for the
      release of rapidly labeled RNA in other assay systems. In contrast to the
      ineffectiveness of high concentrations of the sulfhydryl reagent iodoacetate, low
      concentrations of the oxidizing sulfhydryl reagent, o-iodosobenzoate, inhibited
      the release of beta-globin mRNA from nuclei of erythroleukemia cells, as well as
      the release of rapidly labeled RNA from rat liver nuclei. The inhibitory effect
      of the oxidizing agent on beta-globin mRNA transport could be reversed by
      postincubation of the nuclei with the reducing agent, dithiothreitol. The
      potential role of disulfide bond formation on RNA transport is discussed.

PMID- 3856519
TI  - In vitro binding of 67Ga to isolated rat liver cells.
AB  - In order to understand the mechanism of the accumulation of gallium citrate (Ga
      67) in normal liver, an in vitro investigation system was developed using
      isolated rat liver cells, and various basal factors relating to 67Ga binding to
      normal rat liver cells were studied. In this study, the values of 67Ga binding to
      the liver cells increased in parallel with the number of cells; however, binding
      was hardly affected by higher doses of 67Ga. The binding of 67Ga to the cells was
      inhibited by the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and citrate.
      Phosphate and bicarbonate (10(-2) M) slightly inhibited 67Ga binding to the
      cells. The binding of 67Ga to the cells increased as the pH was decreased. These
      results suggest that 67Ga binding to normal rat liver cells may occur in 'free'
      gallium. Moreover, the utilization of isolated rat liver cells is useful for
      understanding the 67Ga accumulation mechanism in normal liver.

PMID- 3856520
TI  - Prediction of lower third molar impaction from the frontal cephalometric
      projection.

PMID- 3856521
TI  - Orthodontic tooth movement through the midpalatal suture area after surgical
      removal of the suture. An experimental study in dogs.

PMID- 3856522
TI  - Dental maturity as an indicator of chronological age: the accuracy and precision
      of three methods.

PMID- 3856523
TI  - The facial skeleton in children affected by rheumatoid arthritis--a roentgen
      cephalometric study.

PMID- 3856524
TI  - Dento-facial morphology in patients with advanced attrition.

PMID- 3856525
TI  - Application in children of a new method for the measurement of forces from the
      lips on the teeth.

PMID- 3856526
TI  - Elevated chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase activity in fetal bovine serum.
AB  - Assay conditions for chondroitin sulfotransferase in serum were established using
      a rapid and simple paper disk method. Sulfotransferase activities towards
      endogenous serum glycosaminoglycans and exogenously added chondroitin were
      determined for fetal, newborn and adult bovine sera. The results indicate that 3'
      phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS); chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase
      activity in fetal calf serum is several times that in newborn or adult bovine
      sera. The enzyme transfers sulfate onto position 6 of internal nonsulfated
      galactosamine units of endogenous and exogenous chondroitin.

PMID- 3856527
TI  - Society at large: economics, cultural trends, work trends, demographics and
      technology.

PMID- 3856528
TI  - The health care system: changes and implications.

PMID- 3856529
TI  - Higher education and the health professions. Issues and trends.

PMID- 3856530
TI  - Consumer perceptions of the present and potential dental hygienist role.

PMID- 3856532
TI  - The first step: your new patient's history.

PMID- 3856531
TI  - Report of ADHA Survey Committee.

PMID- 3856533
TI  - Some careful steps to a stronger patient base.

PMID- 3856534
TI  - Staff salaries level or down for 1983.

PMID- 3856535
TI  - Preferred dental terminology.

PMID- 3856536
TI  - Successful newsletters focus on patient needs.

PMID- 3856537
TI  - Is your recall system all it should be?

PMID- 3856538
TI  - Dollars and sense fee collection.

PMID- 3856539
TI  - Two-cent "cure" calms young patients.

PMID- 3856540
TI  - Identification of HLA antigens in familial and non-familial epidermodysplasia
      verruciformis.
AB  - The distribution of HLA specificities was studied in 7 non-familial cases of
      epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) and in 5 cases from one family. In the non
      familial cases, six antigens of locus A (2, 3, 9, 10, 24, 26) and eight antigens
      of locus B (7, 15, 27, 35, 37, 38, 40, 41) were found. All 5 cases of familial EV
      possessed 26,5 haplotype, however, 6 of the remaining 12 healthy family members
      inherited the same haplotype. There is no association of EV with HLA-A and B
      antigens. However, the defect of cell-mediated immunity, present in all EV cases,
      may indicate the association of the disease with other major histocompatibility
      products (i.e. loci on immune response genes).

PMID- 3856541
TI  - Factor B (Bf) and glyoxalase genes in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The frequency distribution of alleles controlled by the factor B (Bf) and
      glyoxalase genes that are found close to the HLA system on chromosome 6 was
      studied in 170 insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The data were compared with
      those for HLA-A, -B and -DR antigens and were related to age of onset of
      diabetes. All the diabetics were ketosis prone and on permanent insulin therapy.
      A significant excess of BfF1 was seen in the diabetic patients (p less than 10(
      4]. Glyoxalase frequency distribution showed no significant deviation from
      controls, whereas HLA-DR3 (p less than 10(-4] HLA-DR4 (p less than 10(-4] were
      increased. Breakdown of data by age of diagnosis of disease showed no increase in
      the frequency of BfF1 and GLO1-2 but an increase of HLA DR3 and DR4 in patients
      with early onset diabetes. The findings of the study are consistent with data
      reported by others investigators and support the notion that one or more genes
      mapping close to the HLA A. B and DR and to the Bf loci confer susceptibility to
      insulin dependent diabetes.

PMID- 3856542
TI  - Effects of murine tumor necrosis factor on Friend erythroleukemic cells.
AB  - Tumor necrosis inducing factor (TNF), a 140,000 molecular weight glycoprotein
      present in the serum of Corynebacterium parvum endotoxin-treated mice, was
      cytotoxic toward Friend virus-transformed erythroleukemic cells (FELC). These
      cells grow in culture as undifferentiated pro-erythroblasts but can be induced to
      differentiate in a limited fashion along the erythroid pathway to orthochromatic
      normoblasts by various agents such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Partially and
      highly purified preparations of TNF were cytotoxic toward logarithmically growing
      FELC whereas a comparable serum protein fraction from C. parvum treated mice or
      endotoxin from E. coli had no effect upon FELC viability. DMSO-induced cells were
      more sensitive to the action of TNF requiring only about half the concentration
      needed to produce 50% kill in noninduced cells. Inhibition of hemoglobin
      formation was TNF dose-related and could be decreased by 94%. TNF was also
      cytotoxic toward DMSO-induced cells in stationary phase and mitomycin C treated
      noninduced FELC. Neuraminidase modification of the surface of FELC increased the
      cytotoxicity of TNF by 50%. These results demonstrate that TNF destroys FELC
      whether they are nondividing, dividing or partially differentiated and suggest
      that TNF may accomplish this by affecting cell metabolism after internalization.

PMID- 3856543
TI  - [Possibility of using the "Hemalog D" automatic blood analyzer for the
      differential diagnosis of hemoblastoses].

PMID- 3856544
TI  - [Method of detecting the early stage of acute leukemia in patients with
      cytopenias].

PMID- 3856545
TI  - The effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha in the human eye.
AB  - The ocular effects of 200 micrograms of topically applied prostaglandin F2 alpha
      were studied in 18 nonglaucomatous volunteers. A fall in intraocular pressure was
      seen in the prostaglandin-treated eyes when compared with the placebo-treated
      control eyes. The maximum intraocular pressure reduction was observed at the 7th
      h and hypotensive ocular effect persisted for 24 h. Prostaglandins did not
      produce any change in pupillary diameter or signs of intraocular inflammation
      visible by anterior segment biomicroscopy or iris fluorescein angiography. The
      drug caused side effects: conjunctival hyperemia was constant and many patients
      complained of ocular smarting and headache. It could be useful in the treatment
      of ocular hypertension, although its usefulness would be limited by the side
      effects.

PMID- 3856546
TI  - Blood-retinal barriers in juvenile diabetics in relation to early clinical
      manifestations, HLA-DR types, and metabolic control.
AB  - Eighty-seven diabetics 8.5-26 years old (mean +/- SD 15.3 +/- 3.9) and 32 healthy
      non-diabetic controls 8-27 years old (13.9 +/- 4.3) were included in the study.
      They had had the disease for 2 months to 19 years (5.8-4.0 years). Seventy-two of
      the diabetic patients were HLA-DR type, 13 patients had DR 3 alone, 25 DR4, 33 DR
      3,4 and 1 patient was neither DR 3 nor 4. The mean fluorescein concentration in
      the vitreous body 3.5-7 mm from the retinal surface at 60 min after intravenous
      administration of fluorescein was 15.5 +/- 11.9 ng/ml in the diabetics and 7.2 +/
      3.7 ng/ml in the non-diabetic controls (P less than 0.001). The diabetics still
      in partial remission had an almost normal blood-retinal barrier (BRB; 7.9 +/- 4.8
      ng/ml) while about 55% of the diabetics beyond remission had impaired barrier
      function. Abnormal leakage was found in some patients who had had diabetes for
      less than 2 years and also before the onset of puberty. The incidence of abnormal
      leakage increased with increasing age and duration. There was a positive
      correlation between fluorescein leakage and the blood glucose level at the onset
      of diabetes (P less than 0.01). There was no statistically significant
      relationship between specific HLA-DR types and abnormal leakage. A defect BRB was
      significantly correlated with poor short-term metabolic controls, expressed as
      glucosuria index during the last week before examination with vitreous
      fluorophotometry. Prospective studies will show whether abnormal BRB gradually
      leads to irreversible retinopathy.

PMID- 3856547
TI  - [Interpretive analysis of anthropological methods as a tool in the determination
      of the typology of normal external anatomy of the Europeoid or Caucasian face. I
      and II].

PMID- 3856548
TI  - [Diagnosis of tooth-jaw abnormalities using EDP].

PMID- 3856549
TI  - [Treatment motivation of patients in orthodontics with reference to psychosomatic
      relations].

PMID- 3856550
TI  - [The use of extraoral forces in relation to removable appliances in rationally
      planned orthodontic treatment].

PMID- 3856551
TI  - [Treatment of unilateral crossbite].

PMID- 3856552
TI  - [Multiple extractions of permanent teeth in the orthodontic treatment plan].

PMID- 3856553
TI  - [Amelogenesis imperfecta--orthodontic problems and their solution using multiband
      appliances and temporary steel crowns].

PMID- 3856554
TI  - [Can a relationship between tongue function and mandibular shape in patients with
      Pierre-Robin syndrome be demonstrated?].

PMID- 3856555
TI  - Prostaglandin-F2 alpha stimulates reproductive behavior of female paradise fish
      (Macropodus opercularis).
AB  - The function of prostaglandin-F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) in reproductive behavior of
      adult female paradise fish (Macropodus opercularis) was evaluated. In experiment
      1, females were allowed to spawn normally with a male and were left with that
      male until the following day when testing occurred. Subjects were then randomly
      assigned to one of three groups: PGF2 alpha (N = 8), vehicle control (N = 3), or
      a handling control (N = 3); for testing, females were removed, injected, then
      returned to the same tank. Seven of the eight subjects injected with 500 ng PGF2
      alpha initiated complete reproductive behavior following injection. Vehicle and
      handling control subjects did not show any female reproductive behaviors.
      Prostaglandin-induced increases in sexual behaviors were seen from 15 to 75 min
      after the injection and were maximal approximately 45 min postinjection. In
      experiment 2, mature but unspawned (and presumably sexually naive) females were
      placed for 1 hr with males which were actively nestbuilding and parenting,
      following which subjects were either injected with PGF2 alpha (N = 6) or given a
      vehicle injection (N = 6). Experimental females did not behave differently from
      control females. Neither groups was observed to approach the male or initiate
      spawning behaviors following treatment; all subjects in both groups spawned on
      the following day. In experiment 3, sexually mature females were given extended
      familiarity with the male and the test tank. Pairs which had not spawned after 6
      days (unspawned) were randomly assigned to experimental (N = 6) or control (N =
      5) groups. Pairs which had spawned 1 day previously (N = 6) formed a "prespawned"
      comparison group. Females from the experimental and prespawned groups were
      injected with PGF2 alpha (500 ng), while the control females received a vehicle
      injection. Half of the "prespawned" females performed spawning acts while none of
      the unspawned or control females did so. Detailed behavioral analyses showed
      little or no effect of PG treatment, despite greater familiarity with the male.
      In experiment 4, females were placed with males and observed until the early
      signs of spawning, at which time they were injected with indomethacin (a PG
      synthesis inhibitor) or vehicle. The behavior of females treated with 35
      micrograms (N = 3) or 70 micrograms (N = 6) of indomethacin was unaffected by
      indomethacin and largely indistinguishable from controls (N = 6). In summary,
      exogenous prostaglandins reinstate sexual behavior in female paradise fish.
      However, responsiveness to prostaglandins is influenced by prior sexual
      experience.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3856556
TI  - Demand is huge for inpatient eating disorders programs.

PMID- 3856557
TI  - First trimester prenatal diagnosis of adrenoleukodystrophy by determination of
      very long chain fatty acid levels and by linkage analysis to a DNA probe.
AB  - A first trimester prenatal diagnosis of adrenoleukodystrophy has been done on
      chorionic villi biopsy in the pregnancy of a carrier woman. Two different
      approaches allowed one to determine that the male fetus was affected: the linkage
      analysis of DNA from chorionic villi using the highly polymorphic probe St 14 and
      the determination of very long chain fatty acid levels in cultured chorionic
      villi.

PMID- 3856558
TI  - Structural correlations of phorbol-ester-induced stimulation of PGE2 production
      by human rheumatoid synovial cells.
AB  - Eight phorbol esters were studied for their ability to stimulate prostaglandin
      production in human rheumatoid synovial cells over the dose range 0.1 ng to 1.0
      micrograms. These derivatives were based upon phorbol, 4-deoxyphorbol, and 12
      deoxyphorbol nuclei. This activity was structurally dependent and, although it
      did not correlate with the actions of the same compounds to induce erythema in
      vivo, it did correlate with their ability to stimulate human lymphocyte
      mitogenesis. Stimulation of PGE2 production by a phorbol and a 12-deoxyphorbol
      analog was inhibited in this system by both indomethacin and dexamethasone.

PMID- 3856559
TI  - [Preprosthetic periodontal plastic surgery permitting the choice of a new
      occlusal plane].

PMID- 3856560
TI  - [New experimental dental materials for real-time televised radiographic
      examination].

PMID- 3856561
TI  - [Dosimetric data related to dental radiologic practices].

PMID- 3856562
TI  - Activity of imipenem in an in-vitro model simulating pharmacokinetic parameters
      in human blood.
AB  - The behaviour of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa was studied in human blood, when exposed to imipenem concentrations
      rising from zero to a maximum of 6.5 mg/l in 1.9 h, and gradually decreasing to
      below detection level of less than 0.22 mg/l at 12 h. Under these conditions
      there was a marked bactericidal activity and a long-acting effect of imipenem.

PMID- 3856563
TI  - Mezlocillin, ceftizoxime, and amikacin alone and in combination against six
      Enterobacteriaceae in a neutropenic site in rabbits.
AB  - Closed-space, locally neutropaenic infection sites were simulated in rabbits by
      implanting subcutaneous semipermeable chambers inoculated with 5 X 10(4) cfu/ml
      of Escherichia coli (one strain), Citrobacter diversus (one strain), Klebsiella
      pneumoniae (two strains) or Serratia marcescens (two strains). Four hours after
      inoculation, treatment was begun with amikacin (15 mg/kg), mezlocillin (100
      mg/kg), or ceftizoxime (50 mg/kg) alone or in two-drug combinations. Antibiotics
      were given intramuscularly every 6 h for 16 doses. Chambers were sampled for
      bacterial counts at the start of therapy, and 20, 44, and 92 h thereafter. Blood
      and chamber antibiotic levels were determined during the treatment course. In
      vivo results were compared to in-vitro tests of inhibition, killing and
      synergism. Ceftizoxime alone was successful in vivo (greater than 6 log reduction
      in count) against the three strains of klebsiella and citrobacter, mezlocillin
      against one serratia strain, and amikacin alone against none of the strains. The
      best in-vitro correlation was with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at
      a high (10(8] inoculum for the beta-lactams and with the anaerobic MIC for
      amikacin. Among combinations, amikacin plus mezlocillin alone was successful
      against the three strains of klebsiella and serratia, but neither amikacin nor
      mezlocillin added to ceftizoxime were more successful than ceftizoxime alone. In
      vitro chequerboard synergism was not predictive of in-vivo success. Mezlocillin
      alone was inactivated in vivo by all the strains except Ser. marcescens, and the
      E. coli strain inactivated both mezlocillin and ceftizoxime alone and in
      combination.

PMID- 3856564
TI  - Simultaneous simulation of two different concentration time curves in vitro.
AB  - A model for in-vitro simultaneous simulation of two different patterns of
      pharmacokinetic parameters was developed. In the first compartment the initial
      concentration simulates that seen after intravenous infusion or bolus injection
      and the antibiotic is diluted at a constant rate. In the second compartment the
      concentration rises from zero to a maximum of 1/4 the maximum of the first
      concentration. From this second compartment the drug is diluted at a slower rate.

PMID- 3856565
TI  - Depression and suicidality in eating disorders.
AB  - The first 95 patients admitted to an inpatient Eating Disorders Program and
      diagnosed as having bulimia (binge eating only), bulimarexia (binging and
      purging), and anorexia nervosa (food restriction only) were evaluated for
      depression, suicidality, and family history. Major depression was found in 80% of
      patients; 20% had made suicide attempts in their life; and 40% of those
      attempting suicide made potentially lethal attempts. Patients with anorexia and
      bulimarexia tended to be younger, single, and Protestant. Patients with
      bulimarexia had overeating, oversleeping, more preoccupation with suicide, and
      more depression in their mothers. Patients with anorexia had more relatives with
      anorexia and bulimarexia, and patients with bulimia had more relatives with
      obesity. These findings suggest that eating disorders are unique disorders and
      not variants of affective disorder or alcoholism.

PMID- 3856566
TI  - Inhibition of iron-molybdenum cofactor binding to component I of nitrogenase.
AB  - Tetrathiomolybdate inhibits iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo cofactor) binding to
      component I of nitrogenase. Molybdenum-iron cluster (a subcomponent of FeMo
      cofactor) and tetrathiomolybdate inhibited FeMo cofactor activation of inactive
      nitrogenase component I in extracts of Azotobacter vinelandii and Klebsiella
      pneumoniae mutant strains defective in the biosynthesis of FeMo cofactor.
      Addition of tetrathiotungstate, the tungsten analog of tetrathiomolybdate, to the
      mutant extracts had no significant inhibitory effect on subsequent activation by
      FeMo cofactor.

PMID- 3856567
TI  - Energy cost during gait in osteosarcoma patients after resection and knee
      replacement and after above-the-knee amputation.
AB  - We determined the energy cost during gait by measuring the oxygen consumption of
      twenty-six patients after treatment for osteosarcoma about the knee. Fourteen had
      had an en bloc resection of the distal end of the femur and proximal end of the
      tibia followed by segmental replacement with a custom-made knee prosthesis and
      twelve had had an above-the-knee amputation followed by fitting with an
      artificial limb. Comparisons of free-walking velocity, oxygen consumption per
      meter traveled, and per cent of maximum aerobic capacity used during walking
      demonstrated that patients with resection and prosthetic knee replacement had a
      lower energy cost during gait.

PMID- 3856568
TI  - Changes in self-renewal potential of human leukemic cells (K562): a bidirectional
      stochastic process.
AB  - Daughter cells arising from a single cell division in the leukemic cell line K562
      have equivalent self-renewal potential with respect to their ability to form
      clones in semisolid medium. However, individual cells isolated from these clones
      in sequence have vastly different abilities in their self-renewal potentials.
      Thus, cells originating from a clone with any particular self-renewal potential
      exhibit the full range of self-renewal potentials--from highly renewing to none
      renewing, cells. These results show that self-renewal potential in the K562 cell
      line is a random, reversible and partially noninherited characteristic. It is
      suggested that the stochastic variability of the intraclonal self-renewal
      potential of K562 progeny cells either reflects the initial expression of a
      differentiation program or the expression of the predeterministic portion of the
      normal myelopoietic differentiation pathway.

PMID- 3856569
TI  - Protein synthesis in differentiating normal and leukemic erythroid cells.
AB  - Erythroleukemic cells transformed by the AEV or S13 strains of avian
      erythroblastosis virus differentiate in vitro either spontaneously (S13) or
      following a temperature induction (temperature-sensitive mutants of AEV). To
      study differentiation in these cells at the molecular level, homogeneous
      fractions of maturing cells at discrete stages of differentiation were prepared
      by Percoll density-gradient centrifugation. This method was also used for the
      fractionation of differentiating normal erythroid cells separated from total bone
      marrow by an immunological "panning" technique. Total protein synthesis in these
      cells was then analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The expression of
      several proteins was altered in differentiating leukemic cells but not in their
      normal counterparts. However, in general, the normal and leukemic cells from
      comparable stages of maturity showed closely related protein synthetic patterns.
      Similar early and late changes in the synthesis of a number of polypeptides were
      detected during maturation from early erythroid precursors to terminally
      differentiated erythrocytes. Further, the leukemic as well as the normal cells
      appeared to undergo a major switch in total protein synthetic pattern during late
      differentiation. These results demonstrate that normal and erythroleukemic cells
      differentiate along similar pathways.

PMID- 3856570
TI  - Proposed quality control and interpretive criteria for disk diffusion
      susceptibility testing with enoxacin.
AB  - The standardized disk diffusion test, in which a 10-micrograms enoxacin disk is
      used, was performed and microbroth dilution MICs were determined to establish
      individual test control values with Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and S. aureus ATCC
      29213. In addition, regression analysis correlating inhibitory zone diameter with
      MICs for approximately 400 gram-negative clinical isolates was performed. Based
      on linear regression and error rate-bounded analyses, criteria for the category
      calls of isolates are proposed.

PMID- 3856572
TI  - Long-term marrow culture of cells from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia.
      Selection in favor of normal phenotypes in some but not all cases.
AB  - Long-term cultures were initiated with leukemic marrow aspirate cells from each
      of 13 newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients. Initial
      assessment of the clonogenic potential of the marrow suggested that normal
      hemopoietic progenitors were reduced in most cases and progenitors of abnormal
      colonies and clusters were present in 10 cases. Subsequent assays of both
      nonadherent and adherent fractions of long-term cultures revealed two patterns of
      progenitor cell behavior. The most common pattern (nine cases) featured the
      detection after 1-4 wk of near normal numbers of typical erythroid,
      granulopoietic, and mixed colony-forming progenitor cells. Progenitors of
      abnormal (blast) colonies and clusters initially demonstrable in eight of these
      nine cases were, in these cases, not sustained in long-term culture and could not
      be found after 4 wk. Conversion to cytogenetic normalcy in long-term culture was
      confirmed in two experiments in this group. The second pattern (four cases) was
      characterized by the failure of progenitors capable of normal differentiation to
      become detectable in long-term cultures, and the concomitant maintenance of blast
      progenitors in the two cases in this group where such cells were initially
      demonstrable. Although progenitors capable of producing abnormal (blast) colonies
      or clusters in methylcellulose were not detected in either of the other two
      experiments, the maintenance for 6 wk of a hypercellular nonadherent blast
      population in one of these suggested the persisting activity of an "adherent
      layer-dependent" leukemic progenitor cell. Taken together, these findings
      indicate a strong correlation between the presence of leukemic blasts and their
      progenitors and a decreased level of normal hemopoiesis. In addition, the failure
      of leukemic cells to be maintained in long-term marrow cultures from some (but
      not all) AML patients suggests new applications of this methodology for studies
      of early stages of leukemic cell development.

PMID- 3856571
TI  - Effects of postprandial lipemia on plasma cholesterol metabolism.
AB  - Cholesterol net transport, esterification, and cholesteryl ester transfer have
      been determined in plasma during fasting, and postprandially, after a high fat
      cholesterol meal. Significant rises in plasma triglyceride, phospholipid, and
      free cholesterol were associated with increases in cholesterol net transport,
      esterification, and transfer (all P less than 0.005), which were well correlated
      in individual subjects (r greater than 0.60). Essentially, the whole of free
      cholesterol required for such increased esterification was derived from cell
      membranes, when cultured fibroblasts were present, despite the increased level of
      free cholesterol in postprandial plasma; most of the additional cholesteryl ester
      generated was transferred to the low and very low density lipoproteins (LDL and
      VLDL) of plasma. Postprandial LDL (the major carrier of free and ester
      cholesterol and phospholipids among the acceptor lipoproteins) contained
      significantly decreased ratios of free cholesterol to phospholipid (P less than
      0.001), which may modulate the increased transfer of cholesteryl ester to VLDL
      and LDL. These data suggest that the presence of postprandial acceptor
      lipoproteins in plasma may play an important role in stimulating the "reverse"
      transport of cholesterol from peripheral cells for hepatic degradation, which is
      effective even after the ingestion of dietary cholesterol.

PMID- 3856573
TI  - A pilot comparison of purging and non-purging bulimics.
AB  - This study compared (1) purging bulimics (those who terminate binging with self
      induced vomiting and/or excessive use of laxatives), N = 26; (2) non-purging
      bulimics, N = 24; and (3) control subjects (in whom no eating problems were
      apparent), N = 24. These groups were examined empirically on several personality
      and demographic variables. Additionally, procedures were taken to control for the
      effects that being overweight may have had on the personality characteristics,
      which surprisingly has not been undertaken in previous research on bulimia. The
      comparison of the bulimics (purging and non-purging bulimics grouped together)
      with the controls empirically confirmed former clinical observations that have
      linked bulimics with low self-esteem, high anxiety, external locus of control,
      and a high incidence of maternal and family obesity. With regard to the
      comparison between the purging and non-purging bulimics, no significant
      differences between them appeared on any of the dimensions examined here.

PMID- 3856574
TI  - Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (IV). Operator variability.
AB  - Healing following non-surgical periodontal therapy was studied and the results of
      instrumentation performed by 6 operators compared. Incisors, cuspids and
      premolars with periodontal pockets up to 11 mm deep in 20 patients were treated
      by plaque control and a single episode of supra- and subgingival debridement. A
      split-mouth approach was used to compare the participating therapists. The
      effects of the therapy were monitored using changes in plaque score, bleeding
      score, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level. Marked improvement,
      similar to that seen in previous studies evaluating non-surgical therapy was
      noted during the initial 6-9 months. No further changes of the recorded
      parameters could be observed during the rest of the 24-month observation period.
      Differences between sites treated by the various operators were negligible. Thus,
      it appears, that deep periodontal pockets in incisors, cuspids and premolars may
      be successfully treated by plaque control and 1 episode of instrumentation and
      that operator variability may be limited.

PMID- 3856575
TI  - Susceptibility of human oral anaerobic bacteria to antibiotics suitable for
      topical use.
AB  - 17 antibiotics, with potential for topical use, were tested for their activity
      against the human oral flora. Concentrations (mumol/l) required to inhibit 90% of
      test strains are presented and drug activities are compared. The total cultivable
      oral flora was susceptible to the tetracyclines including tetracycline itself,
      minocycline, doxycycline, and oxytetracycline and to erythromycin. On the other
      hand, actinobolin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, spiramycin, tyrothricin,
      vancomycin, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol were ineffective against many of the
      human oral anaerobic bacteria even at high concentration. Penicillin was
      effective at high concentrations but could not be recommended because organisms
      which are not inhibited by low concentrations are penicillinase producers.
      Carbenicillin was effective against all organisms except Actinobacillus
      actinomycetemcomitans. The gram-negative organisms involved in adult
      periodontitis were most susceptible to the tetracyclines, tyrothricin,
      carbenicillin and clindamycin, while those associated with localized juvenile
      periodontitis were susceptible to the tetracyclines or erythromycin. These data,
      combined with the previous findings that some tetracyclines exhibit marked
      substantivity and collagenase inhibition activity, indicate that tetracycline or
      minocycline are likely to be good choices in the treatment or prevention of oral
      diseases.

PMID- 3856576
TI  - Sampling of subgingival microbiota for dark-field microscopy.
AB  - The aim of the present investigation was to study the validity of 2 different
      methods of sampling the subgingival microbiota. The composition of the flora was
      estimated using the dark-field microscope. Subgingival samples were obtained
      using either a curette or a Hamilton microsyringe for a subgingival washing. The
      method of determination of the composition of the subgingival microorganisms was
      found to be very reproducible when the same investigator performed the counting.
      Samples obtained by the washing technique had a slight but significantly higher
      proportion of coccoid cells when compared to samples obtained by curette. The
      calculation of the reproducibility of the washing technique as assessed in 6
      immediately repeated samples from the same sites yielded a coefficient of
      variation of 40% for spirochetes and motile rods. When 9 repeated samples from
      each of 28 sites (14 with a curette, 14 with washing) were studied over a period
      of 32 days, no systemic alterations were observed in the % of spirochetes and
      motile rods. The variation within each individual site was high. For curette
      samples and washing samples, the coefficients of variation for spirochetes and
      motile rods were 85% and 63%, respectively. The present investigation clearly
      demonstrated that care should be taken in the interpretation of single samples of
      subgingival microbiota. A more relevant picture of the actual situation is
      achieved when trends of repeated samples over time are studied.

PMID- 3856577
TI  - Intraclass correlations of periodontal measurements.
AB  - Components of variance and intraclass correlation coefficients were computed for
      changes in attachment level, pocket depth, gingival and plaque index scores for 5
      groups of treated periodontal disease patients and 1 group of untreated subjects
      with periodontal disease. The intraclass correlation coefficients for attachment
      level change ranged from 0.011 to 0.165 (median 0.067), while intraclass
      correlation coefficients for pocket depth changes ranged from -0.009 to 0.178
      (median 0.071). These intraclass correlation coefficients were much lower than
      those computed for changes in measurements of plaque which ranged from 0.086 to
      0.568 (median 0.268) or gingival inflammation which ranged from 0.119 to 0.522
      (median 0.264). Intraclass correlation coefficients at baseline for pocket depths
      ranged from 0.000 to 0.199 (median 0.053), for plaque accumulation from 0.121 to
      0.531 (median 0.222) and for gingival inflammation from 0.229 to 0.596 (median
      0.391). The differences in the intraclass correlation coefficients between pocket
      depth and attachment level on the one hand and plaque accumulation or gingival
      inflammation on the other could not be explained on the basis of differences in
      the measurement scale employed, since collapsing measurement scales had little
      effect on the intraclass correlation coefficients. The observed larger intraclass
      correlation coefficients for changes in plaque and gingival indices suggest a
      larger role for host contribution to these measurements. In contrast, the data
      suggest that the major but by no means the sole factor determining the
      variability of attachment level or pocket depth changes is the nature of the
      local factors.

PMID- 3856578
TI  - 3-year longitudinal study of the periodontal status of an adult population with
      gingivitis.
AB  - 69 adults ranging in age from 20 to 73 (mean age: 37) were randomly assigned to a
      control (C) and a test (T) group. Of these, 61 completed the 3-year longitudinal
      study. All subjects had varying degrees of gingivitis at the start, but no overt
      periodontitis. Following a base line examination for P1I, GI, probing depth (PD)
      and recession, a differential darkfield microscopic (DDFM) count of subgingival
      bacterial morphotypes was carried out on a pooled sample originating from one
      tooth surface in each sextant with the greatest probing depth. Examinations were
      repeated every 6 months for 3 years. The C group received regular prophylaxes
      every 6 months. The T subjects received prophylaxes according to a previously
      described schedule, and on the basis of the DDFM test outcome. Recall intervals
      at the end of the study for the T group ranged from 1 to 24 months (mean: 15.7
      months). Of 30 subjects in the T group at the end of the study, one half had not
      had their teeth cleaned for periods of 18 to 36 months without any detectable
      deterioration in their periodontal status by comparison with the other T subjects
      or the patients in the C group. Both C and T subjects exhibited increased mean
      P1I and GI scores as compared to base line during the first half of the study.
      However, mean PD measurements remained unchanged. Increases in PD from base line
      of 3 mm or more were observed only in approximately 1 out of a 1000 individual
      tooth surface comparisons, a frequency comparable to that expected to occur by
      chance alone. This observation indicates that in this population, little if any
      pocket formation occurred during the study period. GI score increases of 2 units
      or more occurred in relatively few subjects. 2 of 31 C patients accounted for 42%
      of the affected dental units, while 5 out of 30 T subjects accounted for 40.8% of
      the affected dental units in that group. These observations suggest that despite
      the relatively high prevalence and incidence of gingivitis, the subjects were
      relatively resistant to periodontitis. Neither preventive schedule was effective
      in eliminating gingivitis. The lack of significant destructive disease in this
      population prevented any meaningful comparison of the relative effectiveness of
      the two preventive maintenance regimens in preventing recurrences of
      periodontitis.

PMID- 3856579
TI  - Effect of periodic tooth displacement on healing of experimental furcation
      defects in dogs.
AB  - This study compared the healing response, following reconstructive surgery,
      between teeth subjected to periodic displacement and teeth which were splinted
      during the postoperative healing period. Through-and-through furcation defects
      were created in the mandibular second, third, and fourth premolars of 6 beagle
      dogs. Bone was surgically removed from the furcation and around each root to 3
      different levels: 3, 6, and 9 mm. Reconstructive surgery included
      demineralization of the root surface and coronally positioned flaps. During the
      postoperative healing period, the premolars on one side were subjected to
      periodic mesio-distal displacement by orthodontic elastics attached to splints.
      Corresponding teeth on the contralateral side were splinted to serve as non
      mobile controls. The results demonstrated that reattachment occurred in 12 of 14
      displaced teeth and in 14 of 16 splinted teeth. There was no difference in the
      amount of interradicular bone fill or frequency of ankylosis between displaced
      and splinted teeth. Our findings indicate that the healing response was not
      affected by tooth displacement in this dog furcation model.

PMID- 3856580
TI  - Investigation of the relationship between clinically detected loss of attachment
      and radiographic changes in early periodontal disease.
AB  - A total of 383 students, ages 12-16, were examined clinically to determine
      periodontal attachment loss by a trained examiner, utilizing standard techniques.
      70 of these were selected, for whom bitewing radiographs were available for
      assessment of early alveolar bone loss by 2 radiologists and a general dentist,
      utilizing 4 criteria. The results indicate poor agreement between clinical and
      radiographic diagnoses by the 3 examiners. Variations were also found in the
      diagnosis of pathologic sites utilizing radiographs. The data indicate that
      bitewing dental radiographs were a poor screening or diagnostic procedure for the
      assessment of early periodontal disease in adolescents.

PMID- 3856581
TI  - Human histocompatibility antigen associations in patients with chronic cutaneous
      lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Increased frequency of certain human leukocyte antigens (HLA) has been reported
      in various subsets of patients with lupus erythematosus (LE). Specifically, HLA
      B8 and HLA-DR3 have been associated with subacute cutaneous LE; HLA-DR3 or HLA
      DR2 is found in mothers of infants with neonatal LE; and HLA-A1, HLA-B8, HLA-B15,
      and HLA-DR2 occur in patients with systemic LE. We typed twenty-two white and
      nineteen black patients with chronic cutaneous (discoid) LE (DLE) for the A, B,
      and DR loci of the HLA antigens. HLA-DRw6 was found in an increased proportion of
      our patients of both races compared with controls. HLA-B8 was found more
      frequently in white DLE patients than in white control subjects. Thus a genetic
      predisposition may be a factor that explains the variation in disease expression.

PMID- 3856582
TI  - Comparison of two group treatments for bulimia.

PMID- 3856584
TI  - Creative ferment.

PMID- 3856583
TI  - Fluoride therapies.

PMID- 3856585
TI  - A survey of 200 pediatric dental general anesthesia cases.
AB  - In this article, the authors analyze 200 patients who were hospitalized because
      of extensive dental caries, management problems, or because they were medically
      compromised.

PMID- 3856586
TI  - Noses, tongues, and teeth.
AB  - There is a renewed interest in the relationship between breathing patterns,
      tongue positions, and orthodontic management of patients with malocclusion. The
      authors address the effects of these factors on arch-form and occlusal contacts.

PMID- 3856587
TI  - Multiple localized root agenesis.
AB  - The cause of this condition is undetermined. Cessation of root development is
      associated with a variety of systemic, congenital or genetic disorders. External
      trauma, such as radiation and electrical burns, can arrest development.

PMID- 3856588
TI  - Impacted maxillary second permanent molars.
AB  - The study population consisted of fifteen children in whom twenty-one maxillary
      second molars were impacted by the third molars. The subjects ranged in age from
      nine to eighteen years. The impactions apparently were caused by the malposition
      of the buds of the third molars.

PMID- 3856589
TI  - Bilateral malposition of maxillary second premolars: report of case.
AB  - A case of bilateral malposition of maxillary second premolars is reported.
      Different approaches for management are considered. The possible causes of the
      rare abnormality are discussed.

PMID- 3856590
TI  - Management of ectopically erupting first permanent molars.
AB  - A simple method of treating these teeth is described. The authors describe the
      use of orthodontic brackets, .017 twist wire, and compressed open coil springs.
      Correction is accomplished in six to eight weeks with minimal adjustments
      required.

PMID- 3856591
TI  - Incidence of enamel hypoplasia in primary canines.
AB  - In the study population for this report, 22 percent of all primary canines
      examined (in fifty-five children) had a hypoplastic area. Approximately 45
      percent of the patients had at least one tooth so involved.

PMID- 3856592
TI  - Nisentil-induced respiratory arrest: report of case.
AB  - The case reported is typical of narcotic overdose. The sequence of events,
      however, is predictable when narcotics are administered in excess. Effective
      monitoring and the use of emergency equipment can prevent a fatality.

PMID- 3856593
TI  - Congenital micrognathia and microglossia: an experimental approach to treatment.
AB  - An experimental approach to treatment, using a modified Schwartz appliance, is
      described. The patient died from unrelated causes, but sufficient progress was
      made to warrant further clinical evaluation of the treatment method.

PMID- 3856594
TI  - A status report on diet, nutrition and cancer.
AB  - Current data imply that a compilation of the nutrient effects strongly suggests
      that a diet enriched in plant products reduces cancer risk. The recommendation to
      increase the consumption of plant products is in accord with similar
      recommendations on diet and other chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular
      disease and diabetes.

PMID- 3856595
TI  - Stress and nutrition.
AB  - Physical stresses of illness and injury result in clear increases in caloric and
      protein needs and perhaps vitamin and mineral requirements that remain elevated
      until the repair process is complete. Extremes in temperature have less effect on
      nutrient needs. Greater nutrient needs with emotional stresses have not been
      clearly documented, although changes in eating behaviors have been noted.
      Malnutrition, either pre-existing or developing as a result of the stress, is in
      itself a stress to the body. Thus, malnutrition may interfere with the process of
      adaptation to stress and impair the recovery process.

PMID- 3856596
TI  - The use of live patients in clinical board examinations: the debate.

PMID- 3856597
TI  - Three models of professionalism and professional obligation in dentistry.

PMID- 3856598
TI  - Tenomyositis of the masseter muscle: report of cases.
AB  - Inflammation occurring at the attachment of the masseter muscle to the zygomatic
      arch--tenomyositis--must be distinguished from the more common disorders
      occurring in the rest of the muscle. Anti-inflammatory treatment has been
      effective in the treatment of tenomyositis. The cases presented illustrate the
      effectiveness of this type of treatment.

PMID- 3856599
TI  - Paresthesia of the mental nerve after overextension with AH26 and gutta-percha:
      report of case.
AB  - Overfilling of a root canal with AH26 and gutta-percha resulted in paresthesia of
      the mental nerve. After 14 weeks, nerve function was restored.

PMID- 3856600
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of acute fluoride toxicity.
AB  - The literature has shown overwhelmingly that fluoride used for dental prophylaxis
      presents minimal risks if used appropriately. However, there is an increasing
      potential for ingestion of toxic doses of fluoride because of the increasing use
      of pleasant-tasting fluoride products. The ADA has recommended that no more than
      120 mg fluoride (264 mg NaF) be dispensed at any one time. As with any
      medication, fluoride preparations should be prescribed in child-resistant
      containers, and patients or parents (or both) should be instructed as to the
      proper daily treatment regimens and the potential for toxic overdoses. Possibly
      the greatest risk of fluoride intoxication relates to the concentrated fluoride
      preparations used for professionally applied fluoride treatment (Table 3).
      Therefore, patients receiving professional topical fluoride treatments should
      have well-fitting trays with the minimal amount of fluoride necessary to contact
      the teeth. These patients should be provided with a saliva ejection system, and
      they should never be left unobserved during the topical application. Health
      professionals should be aware of the potential toxic effects of fluoride in
      addition to the well-known caries preventive effects. It is necessary to know how
      to calculate the amount of fluoride ingested and the emergency treatment
      recommended to prevent toxic effects in suspected overdose cases.

PMID- 3856601
TI  - Effect of finishing on color and gloss of composites with different fillers.

PMID- 3856602
TI  - A review of nonintrusive therapies used to deal with anxiety and pain in the
      dental office.

PMID- 3856603
TI  - Painful, mixed density mass of the right maxilla.
AB  - An additional case of rare, benign osteoblastoma occurring in the right maxilla
      of a 27-year-old female is reported. The differential diagnosis is discussed and
      the important distinction between osteoblastoma and low-grade osteosarcoma is
      stressed.

PMID- 3856604
TI  - Dental supplies and equipment price indexes: update to 1984. Bureau of Economic
      and Behavioral Research.

PMID- 3856605
TI  - Hospital dental statistics: an update. Council on Hospital and Institutional
      Dental Services.

PMID- 3856606
TI  - Human subjects in dental research: coping with the regulations. Council on Dental
      Research.
AB  - The rules and regulations pertaining to human subjects in research have evolved
      in response to ethical concerns for the protection of the rights and welfare of
      such subjects. However, investigators quite often are not well informed on what
      is required of them in the conduct of their clinical studies. Failure to be
      provided with sufficient information may be part of the problem, but the nature
      of such rules and regulations and their diversity and complexity certainly are
      sources of confusion. This article presents an overview of some of the major
      components and processes involved in the implementation of the federal
      regulations. It is hoped that this presentation will lead to a better
      understanding of the roles of the investigator, the institutional review boards,
      and the institutional and the federal agencies involved in the protection of
      human research subjects.

PMID- 3856607
TI  - The fitting of contact lenses in aphakic infants.
AB  - Infants born with a unilateral congenital cataract have always been considered a
      particularly difficult group of patients to treat. Our experience in fitting
      contact lenses to such children, after cataract removal, is described. Contact
      lenses must be specially designed, to account for the significant differences in
      size and shape of the infant eye from that of an adult eye. A group of 15
      children born with a unilateral cataract, were fit with contact lenses, and have
      been treated for amblyopia for an average of less than 2 years. Eight patients
      have obtained acuities measured by preferential looking that are statistically
      normal for age and equal between eyes. All children are presently still under
      active amblyopia treatment. This preliminary study shows that infants with a
      congenital unilateral cataract can be successfully treated.

PMID- 3856608
TI  - Corneal infiltrates and extended-wear contact lenses.
AB  - Corneal infiltrates are a relatively rare but potentially serious complication of
      extended-wear contact lenses. Clinical experience with a large population of
      extended-wear patients suggested that these infiltrates have a characteristic
      location and appearance which may aid in diagnosis and management. The records of
      51 patients (54 eyes) with extended-wear contact lenses and corneal infiltrates
      were reviewed. Nearly all the infiltrates were in the peripheral cornea and 67%
      were located superiorly, beneath the upper lid. No permanent visual loss resulted
      and all patients resumed extended-wear of contact lenses following a period of
      appropriate management. The clinical features, management, and possible
      etiologies are discussed. The sample reported herein is the largest, to date, of
      any reported in the ophthalmic literature.

PMID- 3856609
TI  - A hard lens with extended wear possibilities.
AB  - The variety of parameters affecting extended wear lenses makes it obvious that
      the ability to use a lens under an eye closed in sleep is by no means solely
      contingent upon the oxygen transmission characteristics of the material. This
      study shows that a new silicone acrylate lens apparently permits sufficient tear
      flow to maintain a viable cornea while the lens is worn overnight. In this
      preliminary report, over eighty percent of the previously successful hard lens
      patients fitted with lenses made of this material were able to maintain contact
      lens wear on an extended basis.

PMID- 3856611
TI  - Self assessment on contact lenses.

PMID- 3856610
TI  - Softcon: an extended wear study.
AB  - Forty-eight subjects were fitted with a new design Softcon lens to determine the
      acceptability of the lens for extended wear. The subjects were monitored for
      periods of up to two years of extended wear. Periodic measurements or
      observations were made of visual acuity, keratometry, biomicroscopy, and
      refraction. The results showed that there was a high degree of acceptability of
      the lens, with less than three percent of the subjects manifesting significant
      changes in measurements or observations.

PMID- 3856612
TI  - Epithelial heterogeneity in the murine thymus: fucose-specific lectins bind
      medullary epithelial cells.
AB  - By means of histochemical techniques, two lectins with nominal specificity for L
      fucose, Tetragonolobus purpureas agglutinin (TPA), and Ulex europeus agglutinin
      (UEA) were found to specifically label the medullary area of murine thymuses.
      Although the binding of both lectins was restricted to the medullary area of the
      thymus, each staining pattern was unique. Cells binding UEA formed a reticular
      network throughout the medulla, whereas cells binding TPA occurred as single
      cells or small clumps of cells and resembled Hassall's corpuscles. The cells
      binding either lectin were identified as epithelial on the basis of
      ultrastructural features (tonofilaments, desmosomes, and keratohyalin bodies) and
      resembled Ia+ medullary epithelial cells described previously. An age-related
      decline in UEA binding was observed, whereas labeling with TPA remained
      unchanged. On the basis of the labeling patterns obtained with UEA and TPA and
      the reported specificities of these two lectins, it is suggested that the
      majority of the fucose detected is associated with type 1 carbohydrate chains.

PMID- 3856613
TI  - Immunochemical and genetic studies of Amb.t. V (Ra5G), an Ra5 homologue from
      giant ragweed pollen.
AB  - Giant ragweed pollen allergen Amb.t. V (Ra5G), a homologue of short ragweed
      pollen Amb.a. V (Ra5S), was isolated in ultrapure form from a 16-min extract of
      ragweed pollen by a combination of molecular sieving through an Amicon hollow
      fiber cartridge (H1P5), cation-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The
      size was found to be 4400 daltons (D) by amino acid analysis and 6000 D by SDS
      PAGE, and the pI was 8.3 as determined by isoelectric focusing. There was no
      cross-reactivity detected between the two Amb. V antigens by immunodiffusion and
      IEP with the use of hyperimmune antisera raised against crude or highly purified
      antigens. Cross-reactivity between the two Amb. V antigens was further
      investigated by inhibition double antibody radioimmunoassay by using the sera of
      nine selected ragweed-allergic patients who had recently been immunized with
      either mixed short-giant ragweed pollen extract or with short ragweed extract
      alone and who had IgG antibodies (Ab) to Amb.t. V and generally to Amb.a. V.
      Unlabeled Amb.t. V did not inhibit the binding of 125I-Amb.a. V to the IgG Ab in
      any of the sera tested. Conversely, unlabeled Amb.a. V produced some inhibition
      of the binding of 125I-Amb.t. V to the patients' IgG Ab, primarily in those
      patients who had received immunotherapy with short ragweed alone. This weak cross
      reactivity was probably a result of the primary structural homology between the
      two protein allergens. The sera from two groups of ragweed-allergic individuals
      were investigated for the presence of IgG and IgE Ab to Amb.t. V. The presence of
      IgG Ab was found to be associated both with previous (or current) immunotherapy
      with giant ragweed extract and with HLA-Dw2. The HLA association is of interest
      in view of the previously established association between Dw2 and response toward
      the homologue Amb.a. V. The result suggests the existence of a similar genetic
      control at the primary level of antigenic recognition of the two Amb. V antigens.

PMID- 3856614
TI  - Kinetics of Ii synthesis, processing, and turnover in n-butyrate-treated
      Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines which express or do not express class II antigens
      and in hairy leukemic cells.
AB  - We have sought to understand the role of the electrophoretically invariant chain
      (Ii) in class II antigen functions, particularly in certain transformed cells in
      which we have previously demonstrated hyperexpression of Ii. Molecular structures
      and relative kinetics of Ii synthesis, processing and turnover were compared in
      paired, Ia+ and Ia- Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines and in hairy cell leukemia
      (HCL) cells. Cells were metabolically labeled with [35S] methionine for 15 min
      (with or without a cold methionine chase to 3 hr) or were continuously labeled
      for 3 hr. One- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis resolved
      immunoprecipitates formed with a) a heteroantiserum to purified class II antigen
      (demonstrating alpha and beta chains and Ii associated with that complex), b) a
      heteroantiserum to hairy cell leukemia (HCL) membranes (demonstrating principally
      the dominant, basic form of Ii molecules, class I antigens, and some additional
      proteins), and c) a monoclonal antibody to human Ii. Treatment of Ia+ Jijoye and
      its daughter, Ia- P3HR-1, BL cells with 4 mM butyrate for 48 hr enhanced the
      synthesis of the dominant, basic form of Ii but did not affect apparent turnover
      rates of that pool of Ii chains in either cell line. In Ia+ Jijoye cells but not
      in Ia- P3HR-1 cells Ii was terminally processed to more acidic, sialic acid
      derivatized forms. Butyrate treatment did not alter the relative turnover rate of
      terminally processed Ii in Jijoye cells. The level of the dominant, basic form of
      Ii in HCL cells equaled that in butyrate-treated Jijoye cells, and relative
      turnover rates of this terminally unprocessed Ii pool were similar in HCL and
      Jijoye cells. However, HCL Ia-associated Ii was not terminally processed, as was
      Ia-associated Ii in Jijoye cells. The expression of Ia auxiliary proteins, p41
      and p25, was also enhanced in Jijoye cells by butyrate treatment and was
      prominent in HCL cells. From these experiments, we may hypothesize the following.
      In lymphoblastoid cells, two pathways for Ii turnover could exist. One is through
      association with Ia complexes and progressive terminal processing of carbohydrate
      side chains and a second is not associated with Ia or, apparently, with such
      processing. Because Ii is not found to be terminally processed in the absence of
      class II antigen, Ia might be considered to direct the processing of a subset of
      Ii towards some function (rather than vice versa).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3856615
TI  - The effect of local antibody responses on in vivo and in vitro phagocytosis by
      pulmonary alveolar macrophages.
AB  - This study used both in vitro and in vivo techniques to determine if local
      antigen deposition in the lung has a localized effect on immune phagocytosis by
      pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM). Using a fiberoptic bronchoscope, dogs were
      immunized in the left cardiac and left diaphragmatic lobes with sheep red blood
      cells (sRBC). The right cardiac and right diaphragmatic lobes of the same animals
      received saline as controls. Unimmunized dogs served as additional controls. On
      days 2, 6, 9, 13, and 16 after immunization, the left and right diaphragmatic
      lobes were lavaged, and the cells and fluids were analyzed in vitro. Opsonizing
      antibody in lavage fluids was first detectable at 6 days, peaked at 9-13 days,
      and was significantly higher in the immunized lobe than in the control lobe.
      Phagocytosis of sRBC caused by cytophilic antibody on PAM also peaked at 9 to 13
      days. Significantly more cytophilic antibody activity was detected on day 9 in
      the immunized lobes, than in the control lobes. In vivo phagocytosis of sRBC was
      evaluated in the alveoli of immunized and control lobes of immunized dogs and a
      control lobe of unimmunized dogs. Phagocytosis of sRBC by PAM in the immunized
      lobes was about four times greater than that of the control lobes and about 40
      times greater than that of a control lobe of an unimmunized dog. These results
      indicate that the local deposition of a particulate antigen in the lung had a
      localized effect on immune phagocytosis. These data suggest that the accumulation
      of antibody-secreting cells in the alveolus may play a critical role in pulmonary
      defense mechanisms.

PMID- 3856616
TI  - Proliferation, kinetics, and fate of monocytes in rat liver during a zymosan
      induced inflammation.
AB  - The fate and kinetics of monocytes, recruited to the liver by a single zymosan
      injection, were investigated by light (LM) and electron (EM) microscopy combined
      with peroxidase cytochemistry and latex phagocytosis. Ultrastructural and
      cytochemical differences between these cells and resident Kupffer cells persisted
      during a 7-day period, demonstrating the existence of two types of hepatic
      mononuclear phagocytes. Both cell types exhibited a pronounced mitotic activity
      during their numerical increase. Next to peroxidase-positive (POP) Kupffer cells
      and monocytes, peroxidase-negative (PON) mononuclear phagocytes were observed.
      These may represent a monocyte subset and/or possibly Kupffer cell precursors.

PMID- 3856617
TI  - Natural antitumor defense system of the murine liver.
AB  - Murine nonparenchymal liver cells from various genetic strains isolated by
      collagenase digestion and differential sedimentation contain both lymphocytes and
      macrophages. Nonparenchymal liver cells as well as spleen cells, mononuclear
      blood cells, and peritoneal exudate cells from C3HeB/FeJ mice were tested for
      natural cytotoxicity against YAC-1 (sensitive to NK cells) and P815 (resistant to
      NK cells) tumor cell lines. Resident peritoneal exudate cells exerted no
      cytotoxicity against either tumor cell, whereas spleen and mononuclear blood
      cells lysed only YAC-1. In contrast, nonparenchymal liver cells lysed both YAC
      1(4 h) and P815 (18 h) tumor cells. Treatment of nonparenchymal liver cells with
      anti-asialo GM1 and complement abolished the antitumor activity against both
      tumor cell lines but not the phagocytic activity. Nonadherent nonparenchymal
      liver cells exerted greater cytotoxicity against YAC-1 tumor cells but little
      cytotoxicity against P815 tumor cells when compared with unfractionated cells.
      Adherent nonparenchymal liver cells (macrophages) from untreated mice exerted no
      antitumor activity against either tumor cell. In contrast, adherent
      nonparenchymal liver cells from Corynebacerium parvum treated mice were directly
      cytotoxic to P815 tumor cells. Spleen cells that are normally not cytotoxic to
      P815 tumor cells (18 h) became cytotoxic when mixed with adherent nonparenchymal
      liver cells from untreated mice. These results indicate that the tumoricidal
      effector cell in nonparenchymal liver cells from untreated mice appears to be the
      NK cell. Apparently, murine liver macrophages from untreated mice do not have
      tumoricidal activity per se but can "activate" NK cells to kill tumor cells
      normally resistant to NK cells.

PMID- 3856618
TI  - Characterization of 3H-uridine incorporation and messenger RNA synthesis in human
      monocytes activated to secrete alpha interferon or monocyte-derived fibroblast
      growth factor.
AB  - Human monocytes are multifaceted cells with a wide range of immunoregulatory
      functions and distinct secretory products. This manuscript reports on initial
      attempts to identify specific early macromolecular synthetic events associated
      with various types of human monocyte activation by observing the patterns of RNA
      synthesis displayed by human monocytes that are exposed to well characterized
      activating stimuli. It was found that muramyl dipeptide (MDP), an activator of
      monocyte-derived fibroblast growth factor (MD-FGF) release from monocytes, also
      stimulates a reproducible increase in human monocyte total 3H-uridine
      incorporation and cytoplasmic messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis at 4 h following
      activation. In contrast, polyriboinosinic acid:polyribocytidilic acid (poly I:C),
      an excellent stimulator of monocyte alpha interferon (IFN alpha) release, did not
      cause a change in either 3H-uridine incorporation or cytoplasmic mRNA production
      at any of the time points tested. Poly I:C was also found to be a poor stimulator
      of MD-FGF release. Conversely, MDP did not stimulate any detectable IFN release
      from human monocytes. The discrepancy between the patterns of macromolecular
      synthesis observed in human monocytes activated to secrete MD-FGF as compared
      with IFN indicates that divergent postactivation control mechanisms may be
      operative at the RNA level in the monocyte following activation of these two
      distinct functions.

PMID- 3856619
TI  - Preformed polymethylmethacrylate cranioplasties: report of 45 cases.
AB  - In 45 patients a preformed polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cranioplasty prosthesis
      was inserted. The cranial defects mainly were caused by trauma, removal of tumour
      and secondary infection of bone after intracranial operation. Several broken
      peroperatively cold-cured acrylic plates were replaced by preoperatively molded
      PMMA plates. The longest follow-up was seven years and the shortest four months;
      the average was 39 months. The size of the defect ranged from 6 cm2 to 175 cm2.
      The average age at operation was 33 years; the youngest patient was one year, the
      oldest 74 years. There were no acute postoperative complications. Two plates had
      to be removed nearly one year after insertion. Both patients had a long history
      of chronic bone infection before the PMMA cranioplasty was performed. The
      technical details will be described; the advantages of the method will be
      discussed.

PMID- 3856620
TI  - Computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint meniscus. A report of
      preliminary tests.
AB  - CT standard techniques have been used as a diagnostic tool to determine anterior
      meniscus displacement without reduction. 10 patients were examined to test the
      value of this technique in the daily routinework of a department of Radiology.
      The results are encouraging.

PMID- 3856621
TI  - Perforation of the intra-articular disc diagnosed by arthro-tomography of the
      temporomandibular joint.
AB  - Arthrography was first used almost 40 years ago for evaluation of the non-osseous
      parts of the TMJ. It did not find wide application and only during the last
      decade have certain authors re-introduced its use as a diagnostic approach in TMJ
      pathology. Among the other pathological conditions which can be diagnosed, is a
      perforation of the intra-articular disc. Four such cases are presented and the
      value of this method is shown.

PMID- 3856622
TI  - Unilateral condylar hyperplasia combined with synovial chondromatosis of the
      temporomandibular joint. Report of a case.
AB  - A case of unilateral condylar hyperplasia combined with synovial chondromatosis
      of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is presented. Clinical and radiographic
      findings were consistent with an active unilateral hyperplasia. A high
      condylectomy was performed. During the operation numerous cartilaginous particles
      discharged from the TMJ and so it became clear that the patient was also
      suffering from chondromatosis. Both conditions were confirmed by histological
      examination.

PMID- 3856623
TI  - Submucous cleft palate.
AB  - An examination of 9720 Zagreb school children, 6-13 years of age, revealed
      submucous cleft palate (SMCP) in 5 and cleft uvula in 232. The prevalence of SMCP
      among Zagreb school children was 0.05% or 1:1944. Two out of 102 relatives of CP
      patients examined had submucous cleft palate. The findings of five SMCP in
      children and two in parents of CP patients, undiagnosed before the screening,
      confirms the difficulties of recognition that complicate the obtaining of correct
      data about their incidence.

PMID- 3856624
TI  - Merkel cell carcinoma of the face. Case report and review of the literature.
AB  - Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin has only recently been described. From the
      literature 115 cases are analysed. This carcinoma is most probably far more
      common than would be assumed from the few publications presently available.
      Between 40 to 50% of tumours are found in the head and neck area. Clinically the
      tumour presents as a typical bluish red firm intracutaneous nodule with the
      overlying skin intact, and sometimes malignant melanoma-like intracutaneous
      satellites. Regional lymph node metastasis is frequent and the five year survival
      rate, although not yet available, may well be about 50% or less. Clinical
      diagnosis is of paramount importance, as final diagnosis is only confirmed by
      electron microscopy and routine light microscopy leaves a wide range of
      differential diagnoses. In our case all typical characteristics are present. A
      cervicofacial flap which utilizes the abundant cervical skin for direct closure
      of the secondary defect in a U-Y manner was used to cover the primary defect. The
      flap is based on the preauricular area. Advantages and indications for the
      cervicofacial as opposed to Esser's cheek rotation flap are discussed.

PMID- 3856625
TI  - The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for intraoral reconstruction: surgical
      complications and their treatment.
AB  - The pectoralis major myocutaneous (PM-MC) flap was used for intra-oral
      reconstruction in 7 patients. Major necrosis did not occur in any of the cases,
      but minor necrosis did in two cases. In 2 cases an oro-cutaneous fistula was
      observed. Furthermore, in 2 cases severe facial oedema was experienced, which
      seemed attributable to circulatory disturbance in the part of the face where the
      flap was inserted. Muscle atrophy of the flap was observed in greater or lesser
      degree in all cases. In all cases the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was used
      for the purpose of intraoral reconstruction. Intraoral reconstruction involves
      considerations different from transplantation in other sites. It is the purpose
      of this paper to present an updated review of our experience with 7 consecutive
      pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps, including the complications and their
      treatment.

PMID- 3856627
TI  - The induction of myeloid leukaemias by Rauscher murine leukaemia virus.
AB  - A number of cloned viral preparations isolated from Rauscher virus-producing JLS
      V5 cells were compared in their competence to induce different types of
      leukaemias. All preparations were able to induce myeloid leukaemias, but the
      induction of lymphatic or erythroid leukaemias was also observed. Serial
      infection of newborn mice with either cell-free extracts or serum from animals
      suffering from a myeloid leukaemia did not result in the occurrence of relatively
      more myeloid leukaemias nor did the infection with virus harvested from ascites
      fluid of permanent myeloid cell lines. It appears that the mechanism by which
      myeloid leukaemias are induced is not virus-specific.

PMID- 3856628
TI  - [Neonatal Steinert's disease: apropos of 2 cases in 2 successive generations].
AB  - Description of a family who presents two cases of neonatal myotonic dystrophy
      (Steinert's disease) in two successive generations. The authors summarize the
      different genetic theories generally advanced; they sum up the antenatal means of
      diagnostic that is based on the knowledge of linkage of the loci for myotonic
      dystrophy and Lutheran blood group.

PMID- 3856626
TI  - Recognition of a leukemia-related antigen by an antiidiotypic antiserum to an
      anti-gp70 monoclonal antibody.
AB  - The possibility that receptors for retroviral gp70 share structural elements with
      the antigen-binding sites of anti-retroviral gp70 antibodies was investigated. A
      monoclonal antibody (1416) was produced that reacted with the gp70 of a cloned
      recombinant leukemogenic retrovirus, termed P1. An antiidiotypic antiserum raised
      to 1416 was tested for its ability to bind to the thymic leukemia induced by P1
      (P1 Thy). A membrane structure was identified on the surface of P1 Thy that
      reacted with the antibody against the idiotypic determinant of 1416. A similar
      structure was identified on the surface of several different, independently
      derived murine leukemias of T cell, B cell, and erythroid lineage. The expression
      of the idiotype-like determinant on these leukemia cells was independent of the
      serological relatedness of their expressed retroviral envelope glycoproteins to
      P1 gp70. The determinant recognized by the antiidiotype was not detected on
      normal lymphoid cells. The recognition by the anti-(anti-gp70) idiotype of
      determinants on unrelated murine leukemias suggests that receptors for different
      leukemogenic viruses may share common structures.

PMID- 3856629
TI  - The effects of citalopram (Lu 10-171) on the serotonin (5-HT) uptake kinetics in
      platelets from endogenously depressed patients.
AB  - The uptake kinetics of serotonin (5-HT) in platelets from eight patients with
      endogenous depression was determined in platelet rich plasma (PRP). From the
      uptake data the Scatchard correlation coefficient (r[S] ), Sips' index of
      heterogeneity (alpha), Km and Vmax (Lineweaver-Burk) were calculated. The
      measurements were performed before and after two weeks treatment with Citalopram,
      1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-1-(p-fluorophenyl)-5-phtalan carbonitrile (Lu 10-171),
      a selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor. After two weeks treatment with Citalopram (5,
      25 or 50 mg/day) a lowered platelet count in whole blood and PRP was observed and
      none of the patients had a measurable 5-HT uptake for which kinetic parameters
      (Km and Vmax, Lineweaver-Burk) could be calculated. However, all the patients but
      one improved significantly in Global score.

PMID- 3856631
TI  - Remission induction of meningeal leukemia with high-dose intravenous
      methotrexate.
AB  - Twenty children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed meningeal disease
      were treated with a high-dose intravenous methotrexate regimen that was designed
      to achieve and maintain CSF methotrexate concentrations of 10(-5) mol/L without
      the need for concomitant intrathecal dosing. The methotrexate was administered as
      a loading dose of 6,000 mg/m2 for a period of one hour followed by an infusion of
      1,200 mg/m2/h for 23 hours. Leucovorin rescue was initiated 12 hours after the
      end of the infusion with a loading dose of 200 mg/m2 followed by 12 mg/m2 every
      three hours for six doses and then every six hours until the plasma methotrexate
      level decreased to less than 1 X 10(-7) mol/L. The mean steady-state plasma and
      CSF methotrexate concentrations achieved were 1.1 X 10(-3) mol/L and 3.6 X 10(-5)
      mol/L, respectively. All 20 patients responded to this regimen, 16/20 (80%)
      achieved a complete remission, and 20% obtained a partial remission. The most
      common toxicities encountered were transient serum transaminase and bilirubin
      elevations, neutropenia, and mucositis. One patient had focal seizures and
      transient hemiparesis but recovered completely. High-dose intravenous
      methotrexate is an effective treatment for the induction of remission after
      meningeal relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3856632
TI  - Nursing as a business and the business of nursing.

PMID- 3856630
TI  - 13-cis-Retinoic acid does not increase the true remission rate and the duration
      of true remission (induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy) in patients with chronic
      phase chronic myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - Treatment of chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia with hydroxyurea or
      busulfan rarely induces cytogenetic (true) remissions. Intensive chemotherapy
      induces brief true remissions in approximately 50% of patients. We added 13-cis
      retinoic acid to daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, and thioguanine to determine
      if it could increase the incidence and duration of remission induced by cytotoxic
      chemotherapy. Of the 17 evaluable patients, one patient (6%) achieved complete
      remission, and seven patients (41%) achieved partial remissions. The median
      duration of remission was 1.6 months. We conclude that 13-cis-retinoic acid does
      not increase the incidence and duration of remission in chronic phase chronic
      myelogenous leukemia.

PMID- 3856633
TI  - The business of nursing and nursing as a business.

PMID- 3856634
TI  - Factors affecting the continued employment of nurses in a state-supported mental
      health system.

PMID- 3856635
TI  - A deliberative and group approach to inpatient consumer medication education.

PMID- 3856636
TI  - Autonomous nursing practice: changing the mind set of nursing educators.

PMID- 3856637
TI  - Excess leukemia in a refinery population.
AB  - A retrospective follow-up mortality study of white male employees of an oil
      refinery located in southern illinois revealed a statistically significant excess
      number of deaths due to leukemia compared with the experience of U.S. white males
      (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 213; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 117 to
      358). The excess was due mainly to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (SMR = 394; 95%
      Cl, 172 to 788). From 1973 to 1982, fourteen leukemia deaths were identified;
      eight of the cancers were of the AML cell type. The work histories of the
      decedents were examined for the potential for benzene exposure. Although
      specificity of the work histories was limited, the investigation has shown that
      the subjects did not work in jobs identified as having the highest benzene
      exposures. At this time, the excess leukemia remains unexplained.

PMID- 3856638
TI  - Atraumatic harvesting of the sural nerve.

PMID- 3856639
TI  - Helping your patients to stop smoking.

PMID- 3856640
TI  - The use of transarterial microembolization in the management of hemangiomas of
      the perioral region.
AB  - The management of oral and perioral hemangiomas depends on several clinical
      factors. Surgery of these benign lesions can at times be disfiguring, especially
      when the lips, muscles, or the maxilla and mandible are involved. In addition, by
      the very nature of these lesions, surgical treatment may be associated with
      excessive intra- and perioperative blood loss. A series of five patients who had
      hemangiomas in the perioral region and who were initially treated with
      transarterial microembolization, preoperatively in two cases and as the only
      treatment in three cases, is presented. The technique of microembolization is
      described and recommendations for its use are given.

PMID- 3856641
TI  - Fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws.
AB  - During the 15 years since the author's 1970 paper on fibro-osseous lesions of the
      jaws, the subject has continued to interest the clinician and pathologist.
      Several new entities have been delineated during this period, and new concepts
      and controversies regarding the diagnosis and management of these lesions have
      arisen. A classification of fibro-osseous jaw lesions that the author has found
      to be workable is presented, and criteria for their diagnosis and management
      based on the authors' experience is discussed.

PMID- 3856642
TI  - Long-term evaluation of meniscectomy of the temporomandibular joint.
AB  - Meniscectomy for treatment of pain and dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint
      is a controversial operation because of the possible late complications of
      limitation of movement and pain. Therefore, the long-term results of this
      operation were clinically and radiologically investigated in a sample of 15
      patients that had had meniscectomies performed during the period from 1947-1960
      (mean follow up, 29 years). On clinical examination, all patients were free of
      pain, none had subjectively experienced dysfunction, and all but one could open
      their mouths more than 39 mm. Two thirds of the operated joints were crepitant.
      Radiologically all joints showed structural hard-tissue changes, mainly the
      presence of osteophytes and flattening of the condyle and tubercle. Absence of
      joint space was seen in half of the joints. The results indicate that
      meniscectomy relieves joint pain and eliminates subjectively perceived
      dysfunction in the long term despite the presence of clinical and radiologic
      signs of degenerative joint disease; however, as the condition of many patients
      who have temporomandibular joint disorders improves over time without surgery,
      there is a need for a controlled study on the value of meniscectomy.

PMID- 3856643
TI  - Ampicillin concentrations in human serum, gingiva, mandibular bone, dental
      follicle, and dental pulp following a single oral dose of talampicillin.
AB  - Eighty-one patients who underwent the extraction of impacted mandibular third
      molars in the nonfasting state were given a single oral dose of talampicillin
      (500 mg) preoperatively. Specimens of venous blood (n = 132), gingiva (n = 70),
      mandibular bone (n = 78), dental follicle (n = 63), and dental pulp (n = 59) were
      obtained during the operation and assayed for ampicillin content. The mean peak
      concentrations in serum (9.64 micrograms/ml), gingiva (4.72 micrograms/mg),
      mandibular bone (1.77 micrograms/ml), dental follicle (3.46 micrograms/ml), and
      dental pulp (5.53 micrograms/mg) all occurred at approximately 150 minutes after
      administration of talampicillin. The ratios of the corresponding serum
      concentration to the peak concentrations in the various oral tissues when both
      were plotted as drug concentration curves were: gingiva, 0.50; mandibular bone,
      0.16; dental follicle, 0.34; and dental pulp, 0.52. Talampicillin was absorbed
      well by the intestine, and sufficient concentrations of the resulting metabolite,
      ampicillin, were found in oral tissues.

PMID- 3856644
TI  - Vascular malformation: report of a case with eight-year follow up.
AB  - An interesting example of a vascular malformation of the mandible has been
      presented. Early diagnosis made conservative treatment possible. Although the
      lesion was small, a considerable amount of hemorrhage was encountered during
      surgery. Adequate treatment was provided with ligation of external carotid
      arteries bilaterally in conjunction with curettage and packing. After an eight
      year follow up, there has been no clinical or radiographic evidence of
      recurrence.

PMID- 3856645
TI  - Ameloblastic fibroma in an infant.
AB  - A case of ameloblastic fibroma associated with a hypoplastic lesion in an
      unerupted deciduous central incisor is presented. Whether this case provides new
      evidence concerning the time and source of origin of the ameloblastic fibroma is
      open to debate, but the possible implications may be worthy of further study.

PMID- 3856646
TI  - Tympanic plate fracture from mandibular trauma.
AB  - A case in which trauma to the mandibular midline resulting in posterior
      displacement of the left condyle and subsequent fracture of the tympanic plate is
      presented. Use of computed tomography was helpful in confirming the presence of
      the injury.

PMID- 3856647
TI  - Arteriovenous malformation of the submandibular gland.

PMID- 3856648
TI  - Post-irradiation osteogenic sarcoma.

PMID- 3856649
TI  - Necrosis of the upper lip from giant-cell arteritis.

PMID- 3856650
TI  - Sialadenoma papilliferum.
AB  - The twelfth case of intraoral sialadenoma papilliferum is reported. The tumor
      appeared on the left faucial pillar of a 76-year-old white woman and is the
      second lesion reported to have occurred in a woman.

PMID- 3856651
TI  - Management of facial trauma: teaching collaboration by example.

PMID- 3856652
TI  - On the comparative ethnopharmacology of malpighiaceous and myristicaceous
      hallucinogens.

PMID- 3856653
TI  - The frenectomy combined with a laterally positioned pedicle graft. Functional and
      esthetic considerations.
AB  - In many cases it is necessary to perform a frenectomy to prevent reopening of a
      midline diastema following closure by orthodontic therapy. Often the loss of the
      interdental papilla between the maxillary incisors during the classic frenectomy
      creates an unacceptable esthetic result. A surgical technique combining a
      frenectomy with a laterally positioned pedicle graft is presented. The
      interdental papilla is left surgically undisturbed if it is of physiologic size.
      If it is enlarged, gingivoplasty is performed to reduce it to an appropriate
      size. Closure across the midline by laterally positioning gingiva and healing by
      primary intention results in attached gingiva across the midline. This attached
      gingiva may have a bracing effect and thus aid in preventing orthodontic relapse
      (reopening of the diastema). Twenty-seven cases were treated. No relapse was
      found in 24 cases and in 3 cases only minimal relapse was noted (less than 1 mm).
      The esthetic result is superior to that obtained with the classic frenectomy
      technique.

PMID- 3856654
TI  - Gingival wound healing in the presence of plaque-induced inflammation.
AB  - An accelerated loss of connective tissue attachment has been reported following
      surgery in plaque-infected dentitions. It was the purpose of the present study to
      evaluate histologically the healing of incisional wounds in the gingival
      supracrestal region in the presence and absence of bacterially induced
      inflammation. In the experimental group, marginal periodontitis was induced
      around the teeth by tying plaque-retentive ligatures at the gingival margins and
      10 weeks later an incisional wound was made from within the gingival sulcus to
      the crest of the bone. In the control group, similar incisional wounds were made
      in normal gingiva. In each group, three specimens were available for histologic
      and histometric analysis 1, 3, 7 and 21 days after wounding. In the control
      group, the wound healing sequence in the supracrestal region was similar to that
      reported following incisional cutaneous wounds. In the experimental group,
      epithelial continuity across the wound was re-established earlier, and marked
      invagination of epithelium occurred into the incision. This invagination was
      significantly greater than in control specimens at all time points. In addition,
      within the experimental group a second significant epithelial migration into the
      wound occurred between 7 and 21 days. The epithelial invagination extended
      through the major portion of the supracrestal area and terminated near the
      cementum surface. It is conceivable that marked epithelial invagination into a
      supracrestal wound may predispose to an accelerated loss of connective tissue
      attachment.

PMID- 3856655
TI  - Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck's disease). A case report.
AB  - The occurrence of focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck's Disease) in a 12-year-old
      Mexican-American female is presented. Focal epithelial hyperplasia is a
      relatively unusual and benign disorder characterized generally by multiple
      asymptomatic nodules, occurring most commonly in younger segments of indigenous
      populations and ethnic groups. The clinical behavior, histologic appearance and
      possible etiologic factors of focal epithelial hyperplasia are discussed.

PMID- 3856656
TI  - Clinical studies of one family manifesting rapidly progressive, juvenile and
      prepubertal periodontitis.
AB  - We report clinical, radiographic and historical data on a large family with an
      unusually high prevalence of periodontitis. The proband, a 20-year-old black
      male, had the classic features of juvenile periodontitis (JP). His father was
      periodontally normal, while his mother had lost all her teeth at age 27 because
      of rapidly progressive periodontitis (RP). In addition to the 13 living children
      the couple had had 2 miscarriages. Of the children, one had RP, five had JP and
      two had prepubertal periodontitis (PP). Both maternal grandparents of the proband
      had become edentulous at an early age, presumably because of early-onset
      periodontitis. Four of 10 siblings of the proband's mother had early-onset
      periodontitis. In contrast, the paternal grandparents did not have early-onset
      periodontitis nor was periodontitis unusually prevalent in the siblings of the
      proband's father. The pedigree for this family is consistent with, but does not
      prove, an X-linked dominant pattern of genetic transmission. The natural history
      of early-onset periodontitis and the relationship among PP, JP and RP are not
      understood. The fact that the mother of the proband had RP and she had offspring
      with RP, JP and PP indicates a close relationship among these diseases and argues
      in favor of a common underlying mechanism. JP was not preceded by PP in the
      proband nor his affected 21-year-old brother, but one sister had PP, and at age
      15 manifested JP. In her case, the alveolar bone around the deciduous molars had
      been destroyed, but it regenerated as the permanent premolars erupted.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3856657
TI  - Atraumatic removal of porcelain veneer crowns after interim cementation.

PMID- 3856658
TI  - Cavity varnish and cavity liner appearance on enamel and dentin.
AB  - To study the appearance of a cavity varnish and a cavity liner on prepared enamel
      and dentin surfaces, longitudinal tooth sections were coated once or twice with
      Copalite or Tubulitec. Some test specimens were immersed in saline solution for
      24 hours, while others were kept in air. They were observed in SEM, and the
      degree of coverage of the test surfaces, and the smoothness of the materials were
      evaluated. Neither material provided complete coverage whether one or two layers
      were applied. Tubulitec seemed to be partially dissolved after immersion in
      saline solution. Generally, Copalite covered the surfaces better and was smoother
      than Tubulitec. These findings have implications in regard to the ability of the
      materials to protect the underlying tissues and to prevent microleakage, which
      were discussed.

PMID- 3856659
TI  - Ultraviolet light stability of composite resins.
AB  - The ultraviolet light color stability of seven commercial composite resins was
      evaluated after 1, 8, and 15 days of exposure. Color differences between exposed
      and unexposed specimens stored for identical time periods were determined.
      Samples exposed to ultraviolet light showed large changes in Munsell Hue and
      Chroma, with smaller but significant changes in Value. Unexposed samples showed
      small changes in the Munsell components in some cases opposite those observed for
      the exposed samples. Statistical analysis showed that although significant color
      changes were observed, brands of composite resins could not be distinguished by
      length of storage in the dark. Time of exposure was a significant variable at 24
      hours and 8 days. At 15 days a number of composite resins did not undergo
      additional significant color change. Scanning electron microscope showed a
      significant roughening of the surface of exposed composites with resin breakdown
      and exposure of the composite filler.

PMID- 3856660
TI  - Oral mucosal disorders in denture wearers.
AB  - Patients who wear dentures present with a variety of symptoms and abnormal
      intraoral findings. The advanced age of the average denture wearer and the nature
      of the denture-bearing mucosa appear to influence the nature of the problems.
      Superimposed infection with candidal organisms and traumatic lesions are the most
      commonly encountered abnormalities. Patients with symptoms but no intraoral
      changes frequently had a psychologic component to their complaint and did not
      improve after alteration of their dentures.

PMID- 3856661
TI  - Practical considerations for using the face-bow for complete denture
      prosthodontics.
AB  - Until an instrument that can adjust to all the anatomic hinge axis asymmetries
      becomes available, it is more appropriate to use a method other than the face-bow
      record for orienting the maxillary cast in an articulator for complete denture
      prosthetics. The objective of the alternate method should be to achieve a cast
      articulator assembly that reflects the patient's vertical cranial posture.

PMID- 3856662
TI  - Early prosthetic management of cleft palate. Articulation development prosthesis:
      a preliminary report.
AB  - This study evaluated the effects of early prosthetic intervention for achieving
      normal articulation development in cleft palate patients. Early surgery is the
      preferred method of treatment to permit normal articulation development.
      Prosthetic management provides an alternative treatment to promote more normal
      articulation development when early surgery is not planned. It can be concluded
      that a prosthesis must be placed prior to development of meaningful speech if
      improved articulation development is to be achieved. Close cooperation among
      surgeon, speech pathologist, and prosthodontist is necessary to ensure timely
      surgical deferral and prosthetic treatment.

PMID- 3856663
TI  - Maxillofacial prosthetics and iontophoresis in management of burned ears.
AB  - An acrylic resin stent that can be of help for successful iontophoresis of the
      burned ear has been described. The stent can be prepared in a short time, is
      simple to construct, and easy to manage.

PMID- 3856664
TI  - Mechanical properties of a new facial prosthetic material.
AB  - The tensile strength, tear resistance, and hardness of four silicone elastomers
      were compared. Results suggest that Cosmesil has improved mechanical properties
      over commonly used facial prosthetic silicone elastomers.

PMID- 3856665
TI  - Arthrographically assisted splint therapy.
AB  - Occlusal splints are often constructed to aid in treatment of temporomandibular
      joint meniscus displacement. Techniques for arthrographically locating the point
      of meniscal displacement and for fabrication of an appropriate occlusal splint
      are described.

PMID- 3856666
TI  - Occlusal adjustment by photocclusion.
AB  - The use of photocclusion to evaluate the results of occlusal adjustment before,
      during, and after treatment is described. The authors recommend the use of
      photocclusion to aid in evaluating occlusal adjustment performed with
      articulating paper.

PMID- 3856667
TI  - Influence of vertical dimension on masseter muscle electromyographic activity in
      patients with mandibular dysfunction.
AB  - Occlusal splints were adjusted to different vertical heights and used to single
      out the influence of vertical dimension of occlusion in increments on BT-EMG
      activity of the masseter muscle in patients with mandibular dysfunction. The
      vertical dimension of least EMG activity was determined for each of 60 patients,
      who were randomly divided into three groups according to the vertical dimension
      at which the occlusal splint was adjusted: group No. 1, 1 mm from occlusal
      vertical dimension; group No. 2, mean vertical dimension, 4.25 mm; group No. 3,
      mean vertical dimension, 8.25 mm. Results showed a significant reduction of
      masseter BT-EMG activity (series A and B) at the end of the 3-week treatment
      period for patients in group Nos. 2 and 3 in comparison with group No. 1.
      Furthermore, the short-term use of occlusal splints with a vertical height that
      exceeded the so-called physiologic interocclusal distance did not result in an
      increase in masseter BT-EMG activity. This study suggests that an increase of
      vertical dimension of occlusion to or near the vertical dimension of least EMG
      activity by means of occlusal splints can be an effective way to obtain a
      reduction in masseteric muscle activity.

PMID- 3856668
TI  - A study of the acceptability of lateral interocclusal records by the Hanau H-2
      articulator.
AB  - The acceptability of lateral interocclusal records by the Hanau H-2 articulator
      was studied on 28 edentulous patients. Acceptability was determined in both right
      and left lateral jaw movements. Of the 56 lateral interocclusal records made, 39
      (70%) were accepted by the Hanau model H-2 articulator.

PMID- 3856669
TI  - Materials for mouth protectors.
AB  - A mixture containing 18% polyvinylacetate exhibits the optimum physical
      properties for mouth protection in contact sports.

PMID- 3856670
TI  - Microwave oven drying of artificial stone.
AB  - The compressive strength of various artificial stones were tested using air,
      oven, and microwave oven drying methods to compare the three for drying
      refractory casts. The microwave oven can be used for rapid drying of refractory
      casts in removable partial denture construction. However, it should not be used
      for drying extremely wet casts.

PMID- 3856671
TI  - A system for developing and evaluating the clinical judgment of dental students.
AB  - A system for evaluating the clinical judgment of dental students in removable
      prosthodontics was presented. The major points of the system are as follows.
      Students must decide when the quality of their treatment is worthy of a grade.
      Three quality-level categories are used. Letters that have no intrinsic meaning
      are used to designate each quality level. Each item may be evaluated a maximum of
      four times by the student before remediation is instituted. Each attempt to
      evaluate the same procedure receives a lower point value. The final grade is
      determined as a percent of points earned out of a possible maximum. Faculty
      acceptance of the system is high. The system provides an easy means of feedback
      to students.

PMID- 3856672
TI  - Technique for constructing a prosthetic ear positioner.

PMID- 3856673
TI  - Convenient use of pressure indicating paste.

PMID- 3856674
TI  - Preventing proximal gingival overhangs in newly condensed amalgams.

PMID- 3856675
TI  - Topical anesthetic gel as a rubber dam lubricant.

PMID- 3856676
TI  - Modification of a tracheotomy tube.

PMID- 3856677
TI  - Biofeedback electromyography (EMG) was not applicable to the determination of
      interocclusal distance (IOD)

PMID- 3856678
TI  - An in-hospital training program in gynecologic laser therapy.
AB  - Because of the success of a previous pilot program developed to introduce
      laparoscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool to residents and attending
      physicians not previously familiar with the instrument and procedures, a similar
      program was initiated in laser surgery in gynecology. With a similar format of
      didactic lectures, journal clubs reviewing the literature on laser surgery and
      supervision of the attendings learning the procedures, it was thought, the
      attending could then be certified to perform laser surgery independently and
      could be used as a teaching resource with other attendings and residents. To
      date, 15 attendings and 5 senior residents have been so certified. This program
      is an excellent alternative to laser courses and perhaps a superior method of
      introducing the instrument and procedure to practicing gynecologists and those in
      training. Since certification by the Joint Commission of Hospital Accreditation
      must be obtained, this program allows teaching and certification sessions
      simultaneously.

PMID- 3856679
TI  - Selective uptake of a toxic lipophilic anthracycline derivative by the low
      density lipoprotein receptor pathway in cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - N-(N-Retinoyl)-L-leucyldoxorubicin 14-linoleate (r11-DOX), a new lipophilic
      derivative of doxorubicin, was synthesized and incorporated into low-density
      lipoprotein (LDL). The drug-LDL complex contained 100-200 drug molecules/LDL
      particle. When cultured normal human fibroblasts were incubated with 125I-LDL
      incorporated drug, there was a perfect correlation between the cellular uptake
      plus degradation of 125I-LDL and the cellular drug accumulation. The presence of
      excess native LDL inhibited the cellular uptake and degradation of 125I-LDL and
      the drug accumulation to the same extent. In contrast, methylated LDL, which does
      not bind to the LDL receptor, did not alter the cellular uptake and degradation
      of 125I-LDL nor did it alter the drug accumulation. When LDL receptor negative
      fibroblasts from a patient with the homozygous form of familial
      hypercholesterolemia were incubated with the drug-125I-LDL complex, cellular drug
      accumulation was very low. The drug-LDL complex inhibited the growth of cultured
      normal human fibroblasts. The drug incorporated into methylated LDL was much less
      toxic. These findings suggest that r11-DOX incorporated into LDL is delivered to
      cells selectively by the LDL receptor pathway. This might be of value in the
      treatment of leukemia, since we have previously found that leukemic cells exhibit
      higher LDL receptor activity than white blood cells and bone marrow cells from
      healthy subjects.

PMID- 3856680
TI  - The estimation of recurrence risks in monogenic disorders using flanking marker
      loci.
AB  - A method is presented of calculating recurrence risks at a disease locus where
      there is information from flanking marker loci. This method uses output from the
      computer programme LIPED. Information from carrier detection tests and mutation
      at the disease locus can be taken into account in certain pedigrees.

PMID- 3856681
TI  - Discordant sex in one of three monozygotic triplets.
AB  - A case is reported of monozygotic triplets, discordant for phenotypic sex, in
      which the female presented at birth with the features of Turner's syndrome.
      Chromosomal analyses showed homogeneous 46,XY karyotypes in the lymphocytes of
      the three sibs, while a 45,X non-mosaic chromosome constitution was detected in
      skin fibroblasts of the female triplet. It is suggested that mitotic non
      disjunction or anaphase lag occurring early during embryonic development
      accounted for the occurrence of monosomy X in one cell line of the affected
      triplet. Previous observations of monozygotic twin pairs discordant for
      chromosome constitutions are reviewed.

PMID- 3856683
TI  - MSNJ Peer Review Organization Criteria Committee.

PMID- 3856682
TI  - Terminal transferase surveillance of remission bone marrows in childhood acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia: improved sensitivity with countercurrent centrifugal
      elutriation.
AB  - In an attempt to better define hematologic remission and relapse in children with
      TdT positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 101 bone marrow (BM) aspirates
      were obtained from 74 pediatric patients. The mononuclear cell population of
      these specimens was isolated using countercurrent centrifugal elutriation (CCE)
      and characterized by an immunofluorescent terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
      (IF-TdT) assay. Twenty-two children with non-leukemic disorders had a median of
      8% (range 0-34%) TdT positive mononuclear bone marrow cells. This was similar to
      values obtained for 25 children with ALL off therapy and in remission (median
      10%, range 1-22%) and 16 children with ALL on continuous anti-leukemic therapy
      and in remission (median 7%, range 1-26%). Twenty-three BM samples were obtained
      from 11 children in early or high risk to relapse because of increased immature
      cells on a routine marrow examination or previous relapse(s). Samples from the
      early and high risk to relapse groups contained a median of 56% (range 25-80%)
      and 39% (range 25-72%) TdT positive cells. In contrast, the median percent marrow
      lymphoblasts identified using standard morphologic criteria for these 2 groups
      was 12.5% (range 9-23%) and 3% (range 0-5%), respectively. All high risk patients
      relapsed in their BM 1-4 1/2 months after these TdT determinations. Longitudinal
      studies in 4 patients at increased risk to relapse consistently demonstrated
      elevated percentages of TdT positive cells while morphologic surveillance was
      inadequate in establishing a clinical diagnosis of leukemic relapse. CCE in
      combination with an IF-TdT assay may enhance detection of recurrent and/or
      residual leukemia in BM samples from children with TdT positive ALL.

PMID- 3856684
TI  - Brain death. Policy at Middlesex General-University Hospital.

PMID- 3856685
TI  - An approach to the prevention of complications of diabetes.

PMID- 3856686
TI  - Case report: cervical thymoma.

PMID- 3856687
TI  - Opinion: beware the gatekeeper.

PMID- 3856688
TI  - Commentary: The Peer Review Organization of New Jersey, Inc.

PMID- 3856689
TI  - Regulation of messenger RNA stability in mouse erythroleukemia cells.
AB  - The decay rates of several messenger RNA species were determined in mouse
      erythroleukemia cells. The t1/2 values for the actin and tubulin mRNAs were 16 to
      26 hours and about seven hours, respectively. The globin mRNA, and two mRNA
      species subject to translation repression, the P40 and P21 mRNAs, were about as
      stable as the ribosomal RNA. A stable tubulin mRNA component also appeared to be
      present in the cells. Exposure of the cells to dimethylsulfoxide for 48 hours led
      to considerable increases in the rates of decay of all but the globin mRNA. The
      induction of erythroid differentiation caused by the drug appears to lead to
      activation of a mRNA-degradation process that affects individual species to
      different degrees. The newly synthesized actin and tubulin mRNAs lost their
      poly(A) rather rapidly. This was accompanied by accumulation of poly(A)-deficient
      mRNA chains, particularly in the case of actin mRNA. The steady-state
      distribution of mRNA components, determined by Northern blot analysis, also
      showed that the actin mRNA and one tubulin mRNA species have a high proportion of
      poly(A)-deficient molecules. The globin, P40 and P21 mRNAs showed little tendency
      to lose their poly(A) sequence. The steady-state globin and P40 mRNAs also had a
      low proportion of chains depleted of poly(A). For all five species, the
      proportions of poly(A)-deficient chains in newly synthesized mRNA were about the
      same in uninduced and induced cells, in spite of the large decreases in mRNA
      stability in the induced cells. The lack of correlation between tendency to lose
      poly(A) and rate of mRNA decay, and the large accumulation of poly(A)-deficient
      molecules in the cases of the actin and tubulin mRNAs suggest that the stability
      of mRNA is not determined solely by the presence of poly(A) on the RNA chains.
      The behavior of the untranslated species in induced and uninduced cells also
      fails to support the notion of a relationship between translation and mRNA decay.

PMID- 3856690
TI  - Mechanism of strand cleavage and exchange in the Cre-lox site-specific
      recombination system.
AB  - The bacteriophage P1 recombinase Cre mediates site-specific recombination between
      loxP sites. The loxP site consists of two 13 base-pair inverted repeats separated
      by an eight base-pair spacer region. When DNA containing the loxP site is
      incubated with Cre, specific cleavages occur within the spacer region, creating a
      six base-pair staggered cut. The cuts are centered on the axis of dyad symmetry
      of the loxP site, resulting in a 5' protruding terminus: 5' A decreases T-G-T-A-T
      G C 3' T A-C-A-T-A-C increases G. At the point of cleavage, Cre becomes
      covalently attached to a 3' PO4, and produces a free 5' OH. A series of
      experiments were carried out in which a radioactively labeled loxP site is
      recombined with an unlabeled loxP site to locate the point at which strand
      exchange takes place during recombination. The points of strand exchange coincide
      with the sites at which Cre cleavage of the DNA backbone had been detected.

PMID- 3856691
TI  - Activation of a silent gene is accompanied by its demethylation.
AB  - The phenomenon of gene activation by cell fusion makes it possible to study a
      gene when it passes from a silent to an active state. The relationship between
      methylation and activation of the mouse albumin gene has been investigated in two
      types of hybrid clones: mouse lymphoblastoma--rat hepatoma hybrids where
      activation is very frequent, and mouse L-cell--rat hepatoma hybrids where
      activation is a rare event. Analysis of the methylation pattern of seven
      MspI/HpaII sites that occur along the first 8000 bases of the mouse albumin gene
      has been performed. The entire 5' region is unmethylated only in albumin
      producing cells (adult liver and hepatoma); in non-hepatic cells this region is
      heavily methylated. In hybrids between rat hepatoma cells and mouse cells of
      mesenchymal origin, the only regular change is the demethylation of the most 5'
      site (M1), which is systematically observed in clones where expression of the
      mouse albumin gene has been activated. Demethylation of this site, like
      activation of the mouse albumin gene, is gene dosage-dependent; it is systematic
      in the lymphoblastoma--hepatoma hybrids and rare in L-cell--hepatoma hybrids. We
      conclude that demethylation of this site is tightly coupled with activation of
      the gene and may well be a necessary prerequisite for activation.

PMID- 3856692
TI  - Gemfibrozil therapy in primary hypertriglyceridemia associated with coronary
      heart disease. Effects on metabolism of low-density lipoproteins.
AB  - Certain primary hypertriglyceridemias cause abnormalities in lipoproteins that
      seemingly predispose patients to coronary heart disease. We examined metabolism
      of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in 11 men with both hypertriglyceridemia and
      coronary heart disease and compared them with that of controls. The LDL turnover
      was measured during placebo and gemfibrozil therapy. With placebo, LDL
      cholesterol level usually was normal, but production and fractional clearance of
      LDL were high. The LDL composition also was abnormal. Gemfibrozil reduced
      triglycerides, lowered production and fractional clearance of LDL, and normalized
      LDL composition. The LDL-cholesterol level usually rose, but generally not to
      abnormally high levels. Therefore, normalization of LDL metabolism and marked
      reduction of triglycerides by gemfibrozil suggest benefit to hypertriglyceridemic
      patients who are at high risk for coronary heart disease. However, when LDL
      cholesterol level rises excessively, gemfibrozil may not be sufficient therapy.

PMID- 3856693
TI  - Development of quantitative analysis of plasma thromboxane B2 by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - In order to diagnose patients in thrombotic state, it is quite important to
      detect increased concentration of plasma thromboxane B2 (TXB2), a stable
      catabolite of TXA2. To determine plasma TXB2 levels with high sensitivity and
      selectivity, we employed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The
      trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether derivatives conventionally employed in GC/MS analysis
      of prostanoids are not suitable for quantitation of plasma prostanoids, because
      the mass spectra are deficient in ions with high intensity in the high mass range
      and TMS ether derivatives are sensitive to moisture. To solve these problems we
      employed tert-butyldimethylsilyl (t-BDMS) ether derivatives, based on the
      observation that t-BDMS ether derivatives afforded abundant ions at [M-57]+ and
      showed good hydrolytic stability. The reaction conditions of tert
      butyldimethylsilylation were also examined to optimize the selected ion
      monitoring response. The t-BDMS ether derivatives of prostanoids were
      successfully analyzed with a short capillary column with a relatively large
      diameter, with maintaining good separation. In conjunction with the use of
      reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography as purification procedure,
      a sensitive and reproducible stable isotope dilution assay of plasma TXB2 was
      developed. The values obtained by this method correlated well with those obtained
      by the radioimmunoassay we have developed.

PMID- 3856694
TI  - [DNA-RNA cytofluorometric analysis of a case of osteosarcoma in relation to
      histological characteristics].
AB  - We applied DNA-RNA cytofluorometry with AO stain to cell kinetic analysis of
      osteosarcoma in a 12-year-old girl in relation to its histological
      characteristics. Histological findings obtained for 9 macroscopically different
      lesions were grouped into 4 main structural characteristics, but their
      cytofluorometric results were classified into 2 main patterns of DNA-RNA
      distribution. One showed remarkable polyploidization with many DNA synthetic
      cells in the invasive lesions, which were composed of pleomorphic cells forming
      osteoid or occasionally cartilaginous matrix. The other showed marked
      accumulation of tetraploid cells almost without DNA synthetic cells, being
      composed of relatively uniform fibroblastic or stellate-like cells in the
      cartilaginous matrix. These results indicated a close relationship between cell
      proliferative activity and the tissue environment.

PMID- 3856695
TI  - Prognostic factors in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Part II:
      Multivariate analysis. Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group.
AB  - The pretreatment characteristics of 158 children with previously untreated acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed April 1972 to June 1978 were analyzed for their
      ability to predict prognosis. The children were treated according to therapeutic
      protocols 721, 745 and 765, by members of the Japanese Children's Cancer and
      Leukemia Study Group. Multivariate analysis was performed to determined the
      relationship between the characteristics and duration of survival of the
      patients. The following characteristics were analyzed: initial white blood cell
      (WBC) count, age at diagnosis, initial hemoglobin level, initial platelet count,
      sex, organomegaly, and treatment regimen that was provided. By using multivariate
      techniques, factors were found which the independently and significantly predict
      the length of survival. These factors were initial WBC count (r0 = 0.2908), age
      at diagnosis (r0 = 0.2982), and treatment regimen (r0 = 0.2488). Using the major
      prognostic factors of age at diagnosis and initial WBC count, a formula to
      predict the survival time was established. According to the initial WBC count and
      age at diagnosis, we classified all cases of childhood ALL as standard risk and
      high risk.

PMID- 3856696
TI  - Prognostic factors in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Part I:
      Univariate analysis. Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group.
AB  - The pretreatment characteristics of 158 children with previously untreated acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed April 1972 to June 1978 were analyzed for their
      ability to predict prognosis. The children were treated according to therapeutic
      protocols 721, 745 and 765, by members of the Japanese Children's Cancer and
      Leukemia Study Group. A univariate analysis was performed to determine the
      relationship between the characteristics and the duration of the patients'
      survival. The following characteristics were analyzed: initial white blood cell
      (WBC) count, age at diagnosis, initial hemoglobin level, initial platelet count,
      sex, organomegaly, and treatment regimen that was provided. Favorable prognosis
      was exhibited only by those patients with initial WBC counts of less than
      50,000/mm3, with age at onset between 2 and 6 years, without splenomegaly, and
      with hemoglobin levels between 5 and 10 g/dl. The most significant contributions
      among the various individual prognostic factors were initial WBC count (p less
      than 0.001) and the age at diagnosis (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 3856697
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with stomatitis due to the adverse effect of cancer
      therapy].

PMID- 3856698
TI  - [Nursing of a child suffering from the adverse effects of antineoplastic agents:
      remission induction in a child with acute myelocytic leukemia associated with a
      ventricular septal defect and aortic valve insufficiency].

PMID- 3856699
TI  - [Nursing of a child with chondrodystrophy and hydrocephalus--respiratory care of
      a child intubated for an extended period and its effect on child development].

PMID- 3856700
TI  - Malignancy in immunodeficiencies.

PMID- 3856702
TI  - [Eating disorders. The secret pattern of binge/purge].

PMID- 3856701
TI  - [Use of series E prostaglandins in the treatment of essential hypertension].
AB  - Fifty-four hypertensive patients with the average BP level of 208 +/- 3.2/125 +/-
      2.4 mm Hg were infused 2 doses of PGE. Forty patients received PGE2 in the form
      of protein (USA) and 14 patients were administered PGE1 in the form of
      alprostadil (USA). Each patient received on the average 3.5 mg of PGE2 or 0.7 mg
      of PGE1 during 48 hours. PGE infusion by the devised scheme induced no
      significant side-effects, was attended by an increase in the diuresis and
      natriuresis as well as a BP decrease (more pronounced with PGE1) not only in the
      period of the infusion but also during the 2-3 days following it. The hypotensive
      effect and BP fall in the orthostatic position were more marked following PGE2
      infusion. PGE enhanced the sensitivity of the patients to obsidan, clophelin,
      hydrochlorothiazide and to a lesser degree to corinfar. Infusion of PGE2 to
      patients with essential hypertension resistant to hypotensive agents reduced the
      BP and made it possible to diminish the number of the drugs prescribed and their
      doses. The hypotensive effect of the drugs administered persisted for up to 5-7
      months. It can be expected that repeated infusions of PGE2 every 6 months, will
      contribute to an alleviation of arterial hypertension, the patient's clinical
      improvement and the lowering of doses of hypotensive drugs.

PMID- 3856703
TI  - Cost containment and the treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 3856704
TI  - A case of congestive heart failure.

PMID- 3856706
TI  - Non-immune hydrops fetalis: a review of five cases.

PMID- 3856705
TI  - Distal digital replantation.

PMID- 3856707
TI  - Five unusual otorhinolaryngeal cases.

PMID- 3856708
TI  - Stress: different concepts for different people.

PMID- 3856709
TI  - Prostaglandin F2 alpha output by human endometrium under superfusion and organ
      culture conditions.
AB  - Specimens of proliferative and secretory human endometrium were incubated under
      organ culture or superfusion conditions and the levels of PGF2 alpha in the
      medium were measured by radioimmunoassay. Basal rates of PGF2 alpha output during
      short-term superfusions and long-term (1-2 day) batch incubations, performed on
      the same tissue specimens, were similar. Basal output of PGF2 alpha by
      proliferative endometrium (230-280 ng/mg protein X d) was significantly higher
      than that of secretory tissue under both experimental conditions. Estradiol (10(
      8) M) increased PGF2 alpha output significantly (4-fold) only in secretory
      endometrium under organ culture conditions; Progesterone (10(-7) M) decreased it
      significantly (to 1/2-1/4 of the basal level) in both types of endometria during
      long-term incubations and in proliferative endometrium during superfusion. Glands
      isolated from proliferative and secretory endometrium produced PGF2 alpha during
      superfusion at a rate comparable to that of endometrial tissue under similar
      conditions. PGF2 alpha output by glands isolated from secretory endometrium
      increased significantly (3-fold) when estradiol was added to the superfusion
      medium.

PMID- 3856711
TI  - 14th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Molecular determinants of animal form.

PMID- 3856710
TI  - 14th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Membrane skeletons and cytoskeletal
      membrane associations.

PMID- 3856712
TI  - 14th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Molecular biology of muscle development.

PMID- 3856713
TI  - 14th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Protein structure, folding and design.

PMID- 3856714
TI  - Your lab: why rent when you can buy?

PMID- 3856715
TI  - Market positioning: setting your directions for progress.

PMID- 3856716
TI  - The future of technology.

PMID- 3856718
TI  - How to interview and get the right employee. Interviewing: Part II.

PMID- 3856717
TI  - The future of technology.

PMID- 3856719
TI  - How often and by how much should you increase your fees?

PMID- 3856720
TI  - Stress in the dental lab: how to regain control.

PMID- 3856721
TI  - [Mechanical ventilation at home in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

PMID- 3856722
TI  - [The effect of cytostatic therapy on pyruvate kinase activity in the erythrocytes
      of patients with acute myelocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3856723
TI  - [Carbohydrate antigen (CA-19-9) in the blood serum of patients with benign and
      malignant liver diseases].
AB  - The concentration of a new tumor marker CA-19-9 was determined in the blood serum
      of 51 patients with different diseases and in 38 healthy persons. In 95% of the
      examined persons, the concentration of CA-19-9 in the blood serum did not exceed
      15 Units/ml in health. In the patients with benign focal and diffuse liver
      diseases and in the patients with rectal cancer without metastases to the liver,
      the level and frequency of the elevated CA-19-9 content in the blood serum did
      not practically differ from those in health. In primary and metastatic liver
      cancer, the CA-19-9 content was considerably elevated in all the patients. The
      combination of the CA-19-9 and CEA tests did not add to the efficacy of
      differential diagnosis between benign and malignant liver lesions.

PMID- 3856724
TI  - Construction and characterization of a cosmid of Streptomyces lividans.
AB  - We constructed a plasmid pR4C1 in which a DNA fragment containing the cohesive
      ends of an actinophage, R4 was inserted into the ClaI site of plasmid pIJ365. The
      plasmid pR4C1 was packaged efficiently into R4 phage particles in vivo and
      therefore transferred by transduction. Southern hybridization analysis of DNA
      from pR4C1-transducing R4 phage particles indicated that the plasmid DNA was
      encapsidated as head-to-tail concatemers with the cohesive ends in the termini.
      We designated the pR4C1 plasmid a cosmid, following the termination of Collins
      and Hohn (1978).

PMID- 3856725
TI  - Sequence of 5S ribosomal RNA gene regions and their products in the
      archaebacterium Halobacterium volcanii.
AB  - We show that the archaebacterium Halobacterium volcanii contains two ribosomal
      RNA gene clusters, in which genes for individual rRNAs lie in the order 16S-23S
      5S. We have cloned the 5S rRNA genes of both clusters and present sequences of
      the two 5S rRNA genes and their 5' and 3' flanking regions, as well as the
      sequence of H. volcanii 5S rRNA. We show that a gene for a tRNACys lies
      downstream from one, but not the other, 5S rRNA gene, and have obtained evidence
      that this tRNA gene is transcribed in vivo. We discuss regions of potential
      secondary structure which may be involved in transcription termination. We note
      regions of unexpected flanking sequence conversation both within H. volcanii 5S
      rRNA gene regions, and between them and the corresponding 5S rRNA gene region of
      H. cutirubrum (Hui and Dennis 1984).

PMID- 3856726
TI  - Recombination deficient mutant of Caulobacter crescentus.
AB  - A recombination-deficient (Rec-) strain of Caulobacter crescentus has been
      isolated from a collection of mutants sensitive to ultraviolet irradiation. The
      Rec- mutant fails to give recombinants following phi Cr30-mediated generalized
      transduction or following RP4-mediated conjugation. The recombination frequency
      in the Rec- strain is at least 5000-fold lower than in the wild type strains. The
      Rec- mutant is indistinguishable from wild type in terms of morphology, growth
      rate, viability, and phage sensitivities, differing only in properties known to
      be associated with recA-type mutations in other organisms: recombination
      frequency, ultraviolet sensitivity, and Weigle reactivation. The map location of
      the rec-526 allele has not been identified, but rec-526 can be cotransferred with
      the fla-169 mutation by RP4-mediated conjugation at low frequency. This apparent
      linkage has been used to move the rec mutation to other strains. The Rec- mutant
      resembles recA strains of other organisms and provides a healthy strain severely
      deficient in recombination for use in complementation and cloning studies
      involving C. crescentus.

PMID- 3856727
TI  - The mitochondrial genome of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 7.
      Continuous gene for apocytochrome b in strain EF1 (CBS 356) and sequence
      variation in the region of intron insertion in strain ade 7-50h.
AB  - The third BamHI fragment, containing most of gene for apocytochrome b, has been
      cloned and sequenced in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe strain EF1 (CBS 356). In
      contrast to strain ade 7-50h- (50) from the Leupold collection, in which the gene
      is interrupted by an intron of group II (Lang et al. 1984), the homologous gene
      in strain EF1 is continuous. This demonstrates that the intron in the gene for
      apocytochrome b is optional. Aligning the EF1 sequence with the homologous
      regions in strain 50, 2 base pair changes were found in the leader and 14 in the
      coding region. These changes led to 12 altered triplets, but 9 of them specify
      the same amino acid. Seven base changes were clustered within a stretch of 30
      base pairs in the region in which the intron is inserted in strain 50. Five out
      of the resulting six triplet changes were also silent. These sequence variations
      around the highly conserved splice point region may be linked to the insertion or
      excision of the intron.

PMID- 3856728
TI  - [Chronic periodontitis--treatment of vertical alveolysis (III)].

PMID- 3856729
TI  - [Drug-induced xerostomia].

PMID- 3856730
TI  - [Drug-induced xerostomia (II)].

PMID- 3856731
TI  - [Drug-induced xerostomia (III)].

PMID- 3856732
TI  - Graft-versus-host disease in rhabdomyosarcoma following transfusion with
      nonirradiated blood products.
AB  - Graft-versus-host disease is a complication of transfusion of nonirradiated blood
      products into an immunocompromised patient, and it has been reported in
      hematologic and lymphoid malignancies as well as in neuroblastoma in children. We
      report the first case of acute graft-versus-host disease in a child undergoing
      chemotherapy for a rhabdomyosarcoma, who received transfusions during an
      intercurrent illness. The graft-versus-host disease was accompanied by an
      allogeneic lymphoid graft and was diagnosed on the basis of HLA studies on the
      patient's and her family's circulating lymphocytes and confirmed by HLA typing of
      the patient's skin fibroblasts.

PMID- 3856733
TI  - Pneumococcal vaccination in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Sixty-three children with ALL in CCR and treated according to a standard therapy
      protocol were immunized with the 14-valent pneumococcal vaccine. Forty-six
      children were vaccinated 1, 3, or 6 months following initial induction remission;
      15 were vaccinated 4-6 weeks following successful completion of 30 months of
      antileukemia therapy; and two were vaccinated at the time of diagnosis. Response
      to the vaccine was suboptimal and by the 6-month follow-up there were only two
      serotypes for which more than half the patients tested had greater than or equal
      to 300 ng antibodies N/ml.

PMID- 3856734
TI  - Thymidine kinase isoenzymes in human acute monocytic leukemia.
AB  - Two thymidine kinase isoenzymes, TK 3 and TK 4, from mononuclear leucocytes from
      a patient with acute monocytic leukemia, were purified and characterized in
      regard to the molecular weights and kinetic properties. The molecular weights of
      TK 3 and TK 4 were 60 000 and 45 000, respectively. In the presence of 2 mM ATP,
      the molecular weight of TK 3 increased to 200 000, whereas the molecular weight
      of TK 4 was unchanged. Studies of the kinetic properties showed clear differences
      between TK 3 and TK 4. With thymidine as substrate, TK 3 showed biphasic kinetics
      with a Km of 22 microM, and TK 4 showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km of
      0.33 microM. With ATP as substrate, TK 3 showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a
      Km of 100 microM, and TK 4 showed biphasic kinetics with a Km of 3.5 microM. With
      dTTP as inhibitor, TK 3 showed cooperative inhibition kinetics, and TK 4 showed
      non-cooperative competitive inhibition kinetics. The dTTP concentration at 50%
      inhibition was 75 microM for TK 3 but 380 microM for TK 4. Comparison of the
      molecular weights and the kinetic properties of TK 3 and TK 4 with the
      corresponding data previously obtained for TK 1 and TK 2 from normal human
      lymphocytes indicate the existence of four thymidine kinase isoenzymes in human
      leucocytes.

PMID- 3856736
TI  - [Lithium in the therapy of hematologic diseases in childhood].
AB  - The literature as well as the author's data of this topic are reviewed. Lithium
      stimulates myelopoesis in vitro, especially via CSF-production. This effect is
      associated with a modulation of cyclic nucleotides. Lithium stimulates leukemic
      cell lines too. However, according to epidemiological data lithium does not play
      an etiological role in leukemia. Furthermore, lithium does not stimulate several
      tumor cell lines in culture. The effect of cytostatic drugs as well as remission
      rates are not lessened by lithium. In spite of increased production the functions
      of the granulocytes are not impaired. Because of the wide range of serum level
      variation serum level determinations are mandatory. To treat hematological
      disorders a serum level between 0.7 and 1.2 mmol/l should be achieved. Flame
      emission photometry and atomic absorption photometry are equivalent methods for
      determination of the serum level. CNS, thyroid gland, kidney, electrolyte
      balance, gastrointestinal tract have to be monitored for side effects. Lithium
      therapy has not be given in pregnancy and to breast feeding mothers. In
      neutropenia with increased susceptibility to infections lithium therapy including
      serum level monitoring can be given. Lithium reduces leukopenia and infections
      following cytotoxic chemotherapy for solid tumors. Current pediatric studies are
      investigating whether patients with chemotherapy induced neutropenia benefit from
      this effect in terms of increased and prolonged remission rates.

PMID- 3856737
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 18-1985. An 18-year-old man with abdominal pain and an eating
      disorder.

PMID- 3856735
TI  - Increased secretion of type beta transforming growth factor accompanies viral
      transformation of cells.
AB  - Cells transformed by Harvey or Moloney sarcoma virus secrete at least 40 times as
      much type beta transforming growth factor as their respective untransformed
      control cells. The transformed cells bind only 20 to 50% as much type beta
      transforming growth factor as the control cells, suggesting that transformation
      causes down-regulation of the type beta transforming growth factor receptor.

PMID- 3856739
TI  - Pervasive procrustianism--isopropyl alcohol intoxication.

PMID- 3856738
TI  - Genetic links for scattered Jews.

PMID- 3856741
TI  - Delta hepatitis--Massachusetts.

PMID- 3856740
TI  - Adult circumcision and diabetes.

PMID- 3856742
TI  - Outbreak of diarrhea linked to dietetic candies--New Hampshire.

PMID- 3856744
TI  - Maternal mortality in North Carolina: a historical survey and current update.

PMID- 3856743
TI  - Panic disorder.

PMID- 3856745
TI  - How can we know when we are doing more good than harm for a terminally-ill cancer
      patient?

PMID- 3856746
TI  - Medical economics, ethics, and education: some old wines in new bottles.

PMID- 3856747
TI  - Blood replacement for repeat cesarean section: "type and screen" preferable to
      cross matching.

PMID- 3856748
TI  - Blood replacement for repeat cesarean section.

PMID- 3856749
TI  - Physicians can and should offer direction for the 1985 legislature.

PMID- 3856750
TI  - Keats, Socrates and fool's parsley--water hemlock poisoning.

PMID- 3856751
TI  - Why an Army Medical Reserve?

PMID- 3856752
TI  - Cefuroxime sodium.

PMID- 3856753
TI  - Pericardial pseudoeffusion due to steroid-induced lipomatosis.

PMID- 3856754
TI  - Treatment of refractory leukemia with high-dose cytosine arabinoside.
AB  - Thirteen patients with refractory acute nonlymphocytic leukemia or with
      accelerated phase of chronic myeloid leukemia have been treated with high dose of
      cytosine arabinoside (Alcysten, Spofa). The drug was administered in doses of 3
      g/m2/day. Six of 10 evaluable patients responded to the therapy. The mean
      duration of complete remission, achieved in 3 patients, was 18 weeks. The
      duration of partial remission ranged from 5 to 11 weeks. The treatment was well
      tolerated. Apart from expected hematological toxicity, transitory nausea and
      vomiting were the most frequently encountered side effects.

PMID- 3856755
TI  - Clinical usefulness of immunological marker analysis in adult patients with acute
      leukaemia.

PMID- 3856756
TI  - Defective renal prostaglandin synthesis in hypertensive patients with morbid
      obesity.
AB  - Renal prostaglandin synthesis in 36 obese hypertensive patients was estimated
      from measurements of 24-hour urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) excretion rates.
      PGE2 was measured by radioimmunoassay using Dray antiserum prior to and 1 week
      after starting a fast supplemented by 320 cal derived from 30 g of carbohydrate,
      45 g protein, and 2 g essential fatty acids. Sodium intake was 120 mEq daily or
      less. Comparisons were made to a control population of age-matched, nonobese,
      normotensive, healthy volunteers on a normal diet. Mean weight fell from 260 +/-
      8 to 247 +/- 8lb, p less than 0.001. Urinary PGE2 in the obese patients prior to
      the fast was 104 +/- 27 ng/day, significantly lower than the 404 +/- 124 ng/day
      found in the control population, p less than 0.005. After the 1st week of the
      fast urinary PGE2 rose to 213 +/- 55, p less than 0,02. This value was not
      different from that in the control group. Blood pressure fell (p less than 0.001)
      in these patients from 143/94 +/- 3/2 to 134/87 +/- 3/2 mm Hg after the 1st week
      of the fast. Deficient renal prostaglandin synthesis in obese hypertensive
      patients was corrected by fasting. Such changes in the prostaglandin system may
      mediate or occur in response to changes in the sodium-volume balance of these
      patients. These changes in renal prostaglandin synthesis may partly contribute to
      the blood pressure reduction of these patients.

PMID- 3856757
TI  - Hereditary motor-sensory neuropathy (HMSN): possible X-linked dominant
      inheritance.
AB  - The inheritance of the hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN) is
      usually autosomal dominant. We studied a kinship with a pattern of X-linked
      dominant inheritance. The phenotype was similar to HMSN of the "intermediate"
      type. Men were more severely affected than women, and hypertrophic nerves were
      not found. Nerve conduction was very slow in men, but it was mildly slow or
      normal in women. No male-to-male transmission was found in six generations.

PMID- 3856758
TI  - Sleep disorders and Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.

PMID- 3856759
TI  - A study of job satisfaction, nurses attitudes to the profession & conditions.

PMID- 3856761
TI  - Issues arising from artificial conception practices.

PMID- 3856760
TI  - Women with phenylketonuria: successful management of pregnancy and implications.
AB  - Dietary management of five pregnancies in two women (sisters) with classical
      phenylketonuria (PKU) is described. One child died neonatally of congenital heart
      disease and one pregnancy miscarried. Of the three surviving children the only
      physically and mentally normal child, followed up to eight years, was born after
      a carefully planned pregnancy with strict dietary control preconceptually and
      throughout pregnancy. One pregnancy treated dietetically from six weeks gestation
      resulted in a child mentally normal at seven years but born with oesophageal
      atresia. The third surviving child is microcephalic and mentally retarded but
      dietetic treatment did not commence till 28 weeks gestation. It is concluded that
      to be effective, dietary control must be instituted preconceptually.

PMID- 3856762
TI  - Early clinical experience with imipenem-cilistatin.
AB  - We treated 15 patients with 16 proven bacterial infections with imipenem
      cilistatin. Nine isolates were gram positive cocci, the remaining ten being gram
      negative bacilli and all had MICs less than or equal to 2.0 mg/l. Eight patients
      had respiratory tract infections, four urinary tract infections and there were
      three others. Twelve of 16 infections were microbiologically cured. There were no
      important drug side effects or toxicity. Imipenem-cilistatin is a potentially
      useful formulation.

PMID- 3856763
TI  - Post viral bronchitis and asthma.

PMID- 3856764
TI  - Acute leukaemia treatment results: Wellington Hospital 1971-73, 1981-83.

PMID- 3856765
TI  - Epidemiology report: influenza 1984. National Health Laboratory, Kenepuru.

PMID- 3856766
TI  - Dextropropoxyphene.

PMID- 3856767
TI  - Cot death and diet.

PMID- 3856768
TI  - Recurrent genital candidosis in women.

PMID- 3856769
TI  - An unusual legionellosis case yields the first New Zealand isolation of
      Legionella dumoffii.

PMID- 3856770
TI  - The handicapped and hospitals.

PMID- 3856771
TI  - Resuscitation outside hospital.

PMID- 3856772
TI  - Mianserin.

PMID- 3856773
TI  - Sodium fluoride as an oral carcinogen.

PMID- 3856774
TI  - Mid-face fractures. Case study.

PMID- 3856775
TI  - Disaster nursing. 2. The advanced emergency medical care course (A.E.M.C.).

PMID- 3856776
TI  - An experience of a lifetime.

PMID- 3856777
TI  - "Is that ward report finished yet"?

PMID- 3856778
TI  - Primary nursing: 1984 learning exchange workshops at Massey University.

PMID- 3856779
TI  - An example of planned change at Wellington Hospital.

PMID- 3856780
TI  - Professional management.

PMID- 3856781
TI  - 25 years of TMJ.

PMID- 3856782
TI  - Changes in the number of dental school applicants who are children of dentists.

PMID- 3856783
TI  - Diagnosis of enamel defects.

PMID- 3856785
TI  - Pipeline of dentists.

PMID- 3856784
TI  - Future of dentistry.

PMID- 3856786
TI  - The high cost of education.

PMID- 3856787
TI  - Assessment of dental needs of New York City schoolchildren.

PMID- 3856788
TI  - Examination, evaluation and behavior management following injury to primary
      incisors.

PMID- 3856790
TI  - Today's graduate--outlook 1985.

PMID- 3856789
TI  - Conscious sedation in pediatric dentistry.

PMID- 3856791
TI  - Designing the associateship.

PMID- 3856792
TI  - A cooperative effort: membership recruitment and retention.

PMID- 3856793
TI  - Valuation of a practice.

PMID- 3856794
TI  - Clinical correlations of ovarian cancer antigen NB/70K: a preliminary report.
AB  - NB/70K is a glycoprotein extracted from human ovarian cancer tissue. It was
      measurable postoperatively in the plasma of 89% of 127 women with epithelial
      cancer of the ovary; 60% of these women had levels in excess of 11 kU/mL compared
      with 5% of control subjects. The level of NB/70K correlated with FIGO stage and
      amount of residual tumor, but not with pathology subtype or tumor
      differentiation. Elevated NB/70K plasma levels also were found in patients with
      benign gynecologic neoplasms and a variety of systemic carcinomas, and modest
      elevation was observed in association with hepatic and renal decompensation. The
      highest levels, found preoperatively in women with ovarian cancer, decreased
      after tumor resection. These preliminary data indicate that the NB/70K assay has
      high sensitivity in epithelial ovarian cancer, and plasma levels appear to
      correlate with tumor volume.

PMID- 3856795
TI  - Ten years of mandibular fractures: an analysis of 2,137 cases.

PMID- 3856796
TI  - A comparison of healing and pain following excision of inflammatory papillary
      hyperplasia with electrosurgery and blade-loop knives in human patients.
AB  - Twenty human patients participated in a study designed to compare electrosurgery
      with blade-loop knives for the excision of inflammatory papillary hyperplasia in
      a split-mouth study. Questionnaires were used to assess pain and patient
      preference during a 2-week postoperative period, and photographs were made to
      chronicle the healing process. Healing occurred at approximately the same rate
      following each procedure. The majority of subjects did not perceive a difference
      in discomfort with either technique on the day of surgery or at any time during
      follow-up. Of those who did have a preference, a significant majority favored
      electrosurgery on the day of treatment. This preference became statistically
      insignificant on the second postoperative day and beyond.

PMID- 3856797
TI  - Mandibular fractures: do we overtreat them?
AB  - An unusual case of mandibular fracture is presented. Against the wishes of the
      oral surgeons, the patient refused to have the prescribed treatment. A year later
      healing was complete, with no residual complications.

PMID- 3856798
TI  - A study into the mucosal absorption of isosorbide dinitrate at different
      intraoral sites.
AB  - This study measured the absorption of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) into the
      systemic circulation after application of tablets to the buccal, palatal, or
      sublingual mucosa in six healthy subjects. After 1 minute serum levels were
      detectable by gas liquid chromatographic analysis from buccal and sublingual
      sites. Levels progressively increased, peaking at 5 minutes, and then
      progressively decreased during the 30-minute sampling period. At most of the time
      periods serum levels were greater from sublingual sites than from buccal sites.
      ISDN levels were not detected at any time in any subject after application to the
      palatal mucosa. As with the skin, the keratinized layer of the oral mucosa may be
      an important barrier to absorption. The findings appear relevant to the delivery
      of drugs via the oral mucosa for systemic effect.

PMID- 3856799
TI  - Megaloblastic anemia with oral lesions: a consequence of gastric bypass surgery.
AB  - This report describes the clinical and histologic features of a case of
      megaloblastic anemia, resulting from a gastric bypass operation, in which oral
      symptoms were the first significant finding. Although this case appears to be the
      first of its type reported in the literature, the potential for future cases is
      increasing with the increased use of the gastric bypass operation in the
      treatment of morbid obesity.

PMID- 3856801
TI  - Follow-up report on epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of intercalated duct
      origin.

PMID- 3856800
TI  - Experimental development of herpes simplex virus infection in hamster buccal
      pouch.
AB  - In the present study, we have developed an intraoral herpes simplex virus type 1
      (HSV-1) infection model in the hamster buccal pouch. This animal model could be
      used for further oral cancer research related to herpes simplex virus infection.

PMID- 3856802
TI  - An underestimation on the part of dental and medical practitioners regarding the
      importance of the red lesion.

PMID- 3856803
TI  - Asymptomatic early invasive carcinoma.

PMID- 3856804
TI  - Chondromyxoid fibroma of the maxilla. Electron microscopic findings and review of
      the literature.
AB  - A case of chondromyxoid fibroma of the anterior maxilla is presented. The light
      and electron microscopic appearances of this tumor are described. A review of
      chondromyxoid fibromas of the jaws is performed, with a discussion of the
      appropriate therapy.

PMID- 3856805
TI  - Oral manifestations of sarcoidosis: report of a case masquerading as a neoplasm.
AB  - An unusual case is reported in which sarcoidosis presented originally as a cheek
      mass unrelated to the parotid or submandibular glands. The clinical findings were
      highly suggestive of a neoplastic process. A general review of sarcoidosis
      follows the case report.

PMID- 3856806
TI  - Melanoma with metastasis to an apical periodontal cyst.
AB  - A rare case of multiple oral foci of metastatic melanoma in a 23-year-old man is
      presented. A unique aspect is the metastasis of a malignant neoplasm to the wall
      of an apical periodontal cyst.

PMID- 3856807
TI  - Pulpal response to a calcium hydroxide material for capping exposures.
AB  - Two calcium hydroxide cements, Dycal and Life, were compared as direct pulp
      capping agents in forty teeth of two beagle dogs. Both materials produced similar
      responses after observation periods of 4 and 12 weeks. It was noted that the
      response in one animal were less favorable, but the reason could not be
      demonstrated.

PMID- 3856808
TI  - A histologic evaluation of dental pulp tissue of a patient with periodontal
      disease.
AB  - Clinical and histologic examination of twenty-five teeth of a patient with
      varying degrees of attachment loss resulting from periodontal disease showed no
      correlation between the severity of periodontal disease and morphologic changes
      of the pulp tissue.

PMID- 3856809
TI  - Incidence of nutrient canals in hypertensive patients: a radiographic study.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to determine the correlation between the
      radiographic appearance of nutrient canals and hypertension. Comparison was made
      in hypertensive and nonhypertensive patients of the same age group and similar
      oral status. The results showed an increased incidence of nutrient canals in
      hypertensive patients.

PMID- 3856810
TI  - Exposure distribution, absorbed doses, and energy imparted for panoramic
      radiography using Orthopantomograph model OP 5.
AB  - The absorbed doses and energy imparted for the Orthopantomograph model OP 5 using
      two different collimators (0.9-1.3 X 33 mm2 and 0.6-0.9 X 39.5 mm2, respectively)
      were examined at 70 and 75 kV. The absorbed doses were estimated by
      thermoluminescence dosimetry in a sectioned phantom and by the energy imparted
      from measurements of areal exposure using a plane parallel transmission
      ionization chamber. The exposure distribution was surveyed on radiographic film.
      The anterior part of the parotid glands received the highest absorbed doses (2.4
      3.2 mGy) when the wider collimator was used, with a decrease of two to three
      times when the narrower collimator was used. Other areas received absorbed doses
      of about 1.0 to 1.5 mGy or below. An increase of the kV from 70 to 75 had a minor
      influence. The energy imparted for the wider collimator was 0.6-0.8 and for the
      narrower collimator, 0.4-0.6 mJ.

PMID- 3856811
TI  - Structural hard-tissue changes in temporomandibular joints with internal
      derangement.
AB  - The literature reports contradictory findings concerning the relationship between
      structural hard-tissue changes and internal derangement of the temporomandibular
      joint. Therefore, an analysis was undertaken of radiographs, including
      arthrograms of 128 patients with internal derangement in the form of anterior
      displacement of the disk. Structural hard-tissue changes were seen in one half of
      the patients with anterior disk displacement without reduction but very seldom in
      patients showing anterior disk displacement with reduction. Structural hard
      tissue changes were always found in joints with perforation of the disk. Thus,
      structural hard-tissue changes occurred predominantly in patients with advanced
      internal derangement and may be interpreted as signs of progression of the
      disease.

PMID- 3856812
TI  - Erupted odontoma.

PMID- 3856813
TI  - Pregnant molar.

PMID- 3856814
TI  - Correction of anterior mandibular vertical excess: the functional genioplasty.
AB  - The functional genioplasty is an osteotomy-ostectomy of the anterior mandible
      which reduces excessive lower anterior facial height to 55% of the total anterior
      facial height. The procedure is indicated particularly when one factor
      contributing to the long-face syndrome is vertical excess of the anterior
      mandible. The surgical technique involves creation of a tenon and mortise which
      not only preserves the insertions of both the labiomental muscles and at least
      some of the suprahyoid muscles but also improves the stability of transosseous
      fixation. Superior repositioning and advancement of the chin and myocutaneous
      structures produce both functional and esthetic benefits for the patient.

PMID- 3856815
TI  - Recovery of jaw muscle function following injection of a myotoxic agent
      (lidocaine-epinephrine).
AB  - Intramuscular injection of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with epinephrine
      (1:100,000) bilaterally into the masseter muscles of growing rats resulted in a
      30% to 40% decrease in maximal stimulated bite force at 3 days following
      injection. By 6 days postinjection, bite force had begun to increase, but
      significant differences from control bite force levels were still present 15 days
      postinjection. By 25 days postinjection, recovery to control values was complete.
      These data are consistent with previously documented fiber destruction and
      subsequent regeneration following exposure to this and other local anesthetic
      agents. It is suggested that local myotoxic effects produced by the
      administration of such drugs may result in a transient functional deficit in the
      injected muscle(s) that may persist for up to 2 weeks.

PMID- 3856816
TI  - Ulcerative stomatitis, gingivitis, and skin lesions. An unusual case of primary
      herpes simplex infection.
AB  - A 2-year-old white girl had acute oral ulceration, gingivitis, pyrexia, cervical
      lymph node enlargement, and a generalized, initially macular and later purpuric
      rash. None of the common oral viral infections, with the exception of chickenpox,
      is usually associated with a rash. This presented a diagnostic dilemma that
      appears not previously to have been reported in the dental literature.

PMID- 3856817
TI  - Oral manifestations in Cowden's syndrome. Report of four cases.
AB  - Cowden's syndrome or multiple hamartoma and neoplasia syndrome is a hereditary
      disorder combining multiple hamartomas of many organs. These hamartomas are
      derived from ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal tissues and may undergo
      spontaneous malignant changes. Small papular cutaneous lesions and papillomatous
      outgrowth and papular lesions of the oral mucosa are the most predominant
      features of the syndrome. Since the orocutaneous lesions often precede the
      associated malignant degenerations, they may serve as a diagnostic signal for the
      probably developing neoplasia in other organs. The presence of extensive
      papillomatous and papular lesions in the oral mucosa combined with skin lesions
      should therefore alert the clinician to suspect the presence of Cowden's
      syndrome, the early diagnosis of which is important in order that the concomitant
      malignant changes might be discovered at the earliest possible moment. Four cases
      of Cowden's disease are presented, with emphasis on the oral manifestations of
      this syndrome.

PMID- 3856818
TI  - Familial hyperparathyroidism associated with cementifying fibromas of the jaws in
      two siblings.
AB  - Two brothers affected by primary hyperparathyroidism, both with unusual jaw
      lesions, are described here. The atypical growth patterns of these lesions led to
      their surgical exploration, which revealed that they were histologically similar
      benign fibro-osseous lesions. The possible influence of long-standing metabolic
      alterations in hyperparathyroidism in the genesis of fibro-osseous lesions is
      discussed.

PMID- 3856819
TI  - Atypical central neurilemmoma of the mandible.
AB  - Neurilemmomas arising within the jawbones are rare. Most occur in the mandible as
      slowly growing enlargements that may or may not be painful; radiographically,
      they are large single or multiloculated radiolucencies mimicking other benign jaw
      lesions. The histology is characteristic, with Antoni A and B tissues and a well
      defined capsule. This article reports an unencapsulated neurilemmoma of the
      mandible and reviews and summarizes the features of the central neurilemmomas in
      the literature.

PMID- 3856820
TI  - An interesting case of adult facial gangrene (from Papua, New Guinea).
AB  - A case of a nomalike lesion occurring in an elderly woman is described. The
      patient was admitted to the hospital in a debilitated state and was undergoing
      supportive management when the facial condition developed. Because of the rapidly
      progressing nature of the lesion, apparently emanating from the alveolar soft
      tissues, a diagnosis of cancrum oris was made. Although progression of the lesion
      was halted following institution of an appropriate therapeutic regimen, the
      patient's general condition deteriorated and she finally died 12 days after
      admission. The exact nature of the underlying systemic condition was never
      diagnosed.

PMID- 3856821
TI  - Nevus of Ota with associated palatal involvement.
AB  - The nevus of Ota is a macular discoloration of the face which is most commonly
      found in the Japanese. The sclera is also often affected. The oral cavity is less
      commonly involved in the Japanese and is rarely affected in non-Orientals. The
      present case is only the seventh reported in a non-Oriental patient with clinical
      oral involvement and the first to illustrate the histopathologic features of an
      oral-lesion.

PMID- 3856822
TI  - The thermomechanical properties of gutta-percha. Part V. Volume changes in bulk
      gutta-percha as a function of temperature and its relationship to molecular phase
      transformation.
AB  - A variety of gutta-percha materials was subjected to dilatometric analysis to
      measure volume changes which take place with heating and cooling. The volume
      changes were found to be related directly to the molecular transformation
      kinetics of the polymer material and to the temperature ranges within which they
      take place. If the gutta-percha in the apical segment is not elevated above 45
      degrees C, molecular transformation is avoided and the ultimate volume changes
      which accompany temperature cycling are small, predictable, and controllable.

PMID- 3856823
TI  - A differential diagnostic approach to the symptomatology of acute dental pain.
AB  - Seventy-four patients with acute pulpitis, apical periodontitis, marginal
      periodontitis, or pulpoperiodontitis were examined. A series of symptoms and
      signs was registered. Diagnostic specificities and sensitivities were calculated,
      and thirteen variables were subjected to discriminant analysis and log-linear
      multiway contingency table analysis. Pulpoperiodonitis was found inseparable from
      pulpitis on the basis of the registered symptoms and signs. Several symptoms and
      signs previously believed to have differential diagnostic power were found
      insignificant. The following combination of symptoms and signs yielded a correct
      diagnosis in 82.1% of the cases: constant pain, tenderness to temperature
      changes, "the tooth feels extruded," impaired mouth opening, tenderness to
      palpation in apical area, and mobility.

PMID- 3856824
TI  - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of an odontogenic keratocyst.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) was found to be useful in the diagnosis of an
      odontogenic keratocyst. A CT scanner is described and its advantages, radiation
      dose levels, and limitations are discussed.

PMID- 3856825
TI  - Experimentally produced bone lesions.
AB  - The origin of radiolucencies in jawbones has been the subject of many studies;
      this investigation tried to elucidate this origin in a standardized way. A
      precision film holder was used to fix film, x-ray machine, and object.
      Artificially produced bone lesions in bone sections were radiographed in various
      circumstances. The conclusions were that removal of cancellous bone does not
      influence the radiographic image in a visible way, damage of the junction area
      changes the trabecular pattern but does not produce a radiolucency, and a
      sufficient degree of damage to the cortical bone produces a radiolucency but does
      not change the trabecular pattern.

PMID- 3856826
TI  - Gemination and twinning in the permanent dentition.
AB  - Gemination and twinning are uncommon developmental anomalies of the hard dental
      tissue. These aberrations are manifested either as anomalous teeth or as
      supernumerary teeth. Six cases of gemination and twinning are presented in this
      article. A simplified classification of these anomalies has been suggested.

PMID- 3856828
TI  - Fibrous defect in the mandible.

PMID- 3856827
TI  - Missing tooth.

PMID- 3856829
TI  - Two-rooted maxillary lateral incisor.

PMID- 3856830
TI  - Enzyme variation in T. brucei ssp. II. Evidence for T. b. rhodesiense being a set
      of variants of T. b. brucei.
AB  - A collection of stocks of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense isolated in Kenya have
      been examined for electrophoretic variation in 20 enzymes. The results obtained
      have been analysed in order to determine whether these trypanosomes are diploid
      and undergo mating and to determine the genetic distance between T. b.
      rhodesiense, T. b. brucei and T. b. gambiense. The enzyme electrophoretic markers
      were further used in experiments involving cyclically transmitted mixtures of
      stocks aimed at detecting genetic exchange in the laboratory. No genetic exchange
      was detected. Two novel features of the enzyme electrophoretic results were
      found. Firstly, the stocks of T. b. rhodesiense were considerably more
      homogeneous than equivalent collections of stocks of T. b. brucei and secondly,
      all the stocks examined were heterozygous for two alleles of alkaline phosphatase
      and showed an excess of heterozygotes at the phosphoglucomutase locus. The degree
      to which these features are typical of T. b. rhodesiense has been examined in
      relation to previously published data. The results obtained strongly support the
      view that T. b. rhodesiense is a set of variants of T. b. brucei rather than a
      subspecies and a working hypothesis as to the relationship between T. b. brucei
      and T. b. rhodesiense is proposed to explain the enzyme electrophoretic data
      obtained.

PMID- 3856831
TI  - [How long can sterilized instruments be stored?].

PMID- 3856832
TI  - Discipline maligned: strategies for action.

PMID- 3856833
TI  - [Acyclovir in the treatment of viral complications in patients with leukemia].

PMID- 3856835
TI  - Autopsy and clinical findings in acute leukemia and chronic myeloproliferative
      diseases--an evaluation of 104 patients.
AB  - In acute myeloid leukemia (AML-46 patients) and various entities of chronic
      myeloproliferative diseases (CMPD-58 patients) an evaluation and comparison of
      clinical and postmortem findings has been performed. This study included also
      aspirates and core biopsies of the bone marrow which were initially taken on
      admission of those patients. Classification of CMPD was done following the
      concept of Georgii et al. (1984) into CGL -24-, CMGM-6-, E-MS-13- and MS/OMS-15
      cases. There was a significant increase in blastic crisis in CGL compared with
      the other entities and in the latter a prolongation of the total course of
      disease due to a long period between symptoms--clinical diagnosis. As revealed by
      the autopsies causes of death were mostly infections (pneumonia, septicemia-50%)
      and lethal hemorrhages (gastrointestinal and cerebral--about 30%) in both AML and
      CMGM patients. Rare causes comprised fatal pulmonary embolism due to a peripheral
      thrombocytosis in CMPD, acute rupture of the spleen and extensive leukemic
      infiltrates of the myocard in AML. In addition to the well known giant
      enlargement of the spleen in MS/OMS, the relatively high frequency of a meningeal
      involvement (meningeosis leukemica) in AML (about 35%) and during an acute
      transformation in CMPD (up to 30%) was conspicuous. The examination of the bone
      marrow at various sites became feasible during the postmortem procedure and thus
      provided the opportunity to investigate the development and extent of a
      myelosclerosis evolving in CMPD. In contrast to the a- or hypoplasia and
      regeneration of the hematopoiesis following chemotherapy, the evolution of
      myelosclerotic lesions showed a very uniform pattern throughout the skeleton and
      obviously no reversal of a manifest MS/OMS after cytotoxic treatment.

PMID- 3856834
TI  - Differential pattern of DNA-aneuploidy in human malignancies.
AB  - The differential pattern of DNA-aneuploidy, detected by flow cytometry (FCM)
      regarding its frequency, grade and multiclonality, was investigated and
      correlated to tumor type, malignancy grade, tumor stage and prognosis in a multi
      institutional study at the University of Munster. High resolution measurements
      using admixed normal blood reference cells were undertaken in 2413 cases of 13
      different malignant diseases and in 776 benign lesions or samples. The incidence
      of DNA-aneuploidy was highest in melanomas, carcinomas, testicular tumors,
      sarcomas (75%-95%) and myelomas (65%). Acute leukemias showed an intermediate DNA
      aneuploidy rate of 40% with special subgroups represented by common ALL (44%), p
      less than 0.05) and myelomonocytic/monocytic AML (47%, p less than 0.01). The
      lowest DNA-aneuploidy-rate was found in basal cell skin carcinomas (19%) and
      congenital melanocytic nevi (9%). No case of DNA-aneuploidy was observed in the
      776 benign lesions or samples.--DNA-indices giving the grade of DNA-aneuploidy
      with 1.0 for normal diploid G1/0 cells were found distributed predominantly
      between 1.0 and 2.0 in the solid tumors, except testicular tumors, clustering
      around a triploid maximum at 1.5. DNA-indices of myelomas and acute leukemias
      generally ranged below 1.25 with lower DNA-aneuploidy grades in AML than in ALL
      (p less than 0.01).--In melanomas the aneuploidy rate was higher (86%) in
      metastases than in the primary tumors (54%, p = 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3856836
TI  - Aggressive osteoblastoma.

PMID- 3856837
TI  - Linear empirical Bayes estimation of means and variances.
AB  - Linear empirical Bayes estimators have been obtained for means and variances that
      apply to random sampling from populations whose structure is unknown or only
      partly known.

PMID- 3856838
TI  - Base composition-independent hybridization in tetramethylammonium chloride: a
      method for oligonucleotide screening of highly complex gene libraries.
AB  - An oligonucleotide hybridization procedure has been developed that eliminates the
      preferential melting of A X T versus G X C base pairs, allowing the stringency of
      the hybridization to be controlled as a function of probe length only. This
      technique, which uses tetramethylammonium chloride, is especially helpful
      whenever a highly complex library is screened with a pool of oligonucleotide
      probes, which usually vary widely in base composition. The procedure can also be
      applied advantageously whenever an exact match to an oligonucleotide probe is
      desired, such as in screening for clones having as little as a single-base
      alteration generated by in vitro mutagenesis.

PMID- 3856839
TI  - The NADPH binding site on beef liver catalase.
AB  - Beef liver and human erythrocyte catalases (EC 1.11.1.6) bind NADP tenaciously
      [Kirkman, H. N. & Gaetani, G. F. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 4343
      4348]. The position of NADP on beef liver catalase corresponds to the carboxyl
      terminal polypeptide hinge in Penicillium vitale fungal catalase, which connects
      the common catalase structure to the additional flavodoxin-like domain. In
      contrast to nearly all other known structures of protein-bound NADP, NAD, and
      FAD, the NADP molecule of beef liver catalase is folded into a right-handed helix
      and bound, in part, in the vicinity of the carboxyl end of two alpha-helices. A
      water molecule (W7) occupies a pseudosubstrate site close to the C4 position of
      the nicotinamide and is hydrogen bonded to His-304. Although the NADP and heme
      groups approach each other to within 13.7 A, there is no direct interaction. The
      function of the NADP remains a mystery.

PMID- 3856840
TI  - Extensive but reversible depletion of ATP via adenylate cyclase in rat
      adipocytes.
AB  - In adipocytes, adenylate cyclase is positively regulated by beta-adrenergic
      agents and negatively regulated by adenosine. Incubation of adipocytes with
      adenosine deaminase relieves the inhibition of adenylate cyclase by destroying
      the adenosine that the cells release into the medium. When adipocytes are
      incubated with adenosine deaminase and the beta-adrenergic agent isoproterenol,
      most of their ATP is converted to AMP in 5 min. Either isoproterenol or adenosine
      deaminase alone has little or no effect. In the additional presence of the
      phosphodiesterase inhibitor 4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)imidazolidin-2-one (Ro 20
      1724) cAMP accumulates instead of AMP. Under these conditions, cAMP represents 40
      50% of the total intracellular adenine nucleotides, and ATP only 5%. N6-(L-2
      phenylisopropyl)adenosine, a deaminase-resistant adenosine agonist, prevents beta
      adrenergic stimulation. 8-(p-Sulfophenyl)theophylline and 3-isobutyl-1
      methylxanthine are both adenosine antagonists that can replace the deaminase in
      permitting beta-adrenergic stimulation of adenylate cyclase, but only the latter
      also inhibits the phosphodiesterase and causes accumulation of cAMP. When the ATP
      depleted adipocytes are washed with fresh medium, the nucleoside triphosphate
      level can be restored within 5 min. The ATP-restored adipocytes can respond
      rapidly to a second dose of isoproterenol and adenosine antagonist. These
      findings point out the important role of adenosine in controlling adenylate
      cyclase activity and the possible involvement of adenylate cyclase in the control
      of energy flow in rat adipocytes.

PMID- 3856841
TI  - Complete sequence of the chicken glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene.
AB  - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), an evolutionarily conserved
      glycolytic enzyme, is constitutively expressed in most cell types yet is induced
      to high levels during the development of fast twitch muscle fibers. To analyze
      the organization and regulation of the chicken GAPDH gene, we first constructed a
      nearly full-length GAPDH cDNA clone (pGAD-28). pGAD-28 was used in the current
      study to screen a genomic library, and several overlapping clones were selected.
      The GAPDH coding region was detected within a 4.65-kilobase Xho I/EcoRI genomic
      fragment that was completely sequenced by using the M13 cloning vector system. A
      small portion of pGAD-28 was used as a primer to extend a 33-nucleotide sequence
      from the 5' end of GAPDH mRNA. The canonical promoter "TATA" region was found 22
      base pairs from the 5' end of the mRNA. The 5' end of the GAPDH gene is
      extraordinarily G+C-rich (80%) and contains two inverted sequences with a 9-base
      pair homology found at -58 (G-G-G-G-C-G-G-G-C) and -93 (G-C-C-C-G-C-C-C-C)
      nucleotides from the transcription start site. Sequencing also revealed the
      location of 11 introns within the transcribed portion of the GAPDH gene. The
      placement of at least 3 of the introns corresponds to the boundaries of protein
      domains within prokaryotic and eukaryotic GAPDHs that were previously detected by
      x-ray crystallography. This concordance suggests that introns may have
      participated in the construction of the earliest GAPDH gene.

PMID- 3856842
TI  - Genes specifying degradation of 3-chlorobenzoic acid in plasmids pAC27 and pJP4.
AB  - All of the structural genes for 3-chlorobenzoate degradation are clustered in a
      4.2-kilobase (kb) region of plasmid pAC25 (or pAC27) in Pseudomonas putida. An
      approximate 10-kb DNA segment containing three structural genes for
      chlorocatechol metabolism present on plasmid pJP4 in Alcaligenes eutrophus shows
      homology with the above 4.2-kb region of pAC27. In spite of the detectable
      sequence homology in the structural genes present on both plasmids, the
      regulation of their expression seems quite different; unlike pAC27, structural
      rearrangements are prerequisite for efficient expression of the 3-chlorobenzoate
      genes on plasmid pJP4. Structural features such as stem-loop structures present
      on plasmid pJP4 are most likely the starting materials for such rearrangements.

PMID- 3856843
TI  - Structure at 2.9-A resolution of aspartate carbamoyltransferase complexed with
      the bisubstrate analogue N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate.
AB  - In an x-ray diffraction study by the isomorphous replacement method, the
      structure of the complex of aspartate carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.2) bound to
      the bisubstrate analogue N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate has been solved to 2.9-A
      resolution (R = 0.24). The large quaternary structural changes previously deduced
      by molecular replacement methods have been confirmed: the two catalytic trimers
      (c3) move apart by 12 A and mutually reorient by 10 degrees, and the regulatory
      dimers (r2) reorient each about its twofold axis by about 15 degrees. In this,
      the T-to-R transition, new polar interactions develop between equatorial domains
      of c chains and the Zn domain of r chains. Within the c chain the two domains,
      one binding the phosphonate moiety (polar) and the other binding the aspartate
      moiety (equatorial) of the inhibitor N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate, move closer
      together. The Lys-84 loop makes a large relocation so that this residue and Ser
      80 bind to the inhibitor of an adjacent catalytic chain within c3. A very large
      change in tertiary structure brings the 230-245 loop nearer the active site,
      allowing Arg-229 and Gln-231 to bind to the inhibitor. His-134 is close to the
      carbonyl group of the inhibitor, and Ser-52 is adjacent to its phosphonate group.
      However, no evidence exists in the literature for phosphorylation of serine in
      the mechanism. Residues studied by other methods, including Cys-47, Tyr-165, Lys
      232, and Tyr-240, are too far from the inhibitor to have a direct interaction.

PMID- 3856844
TI  - Cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of the Clostridium pasteurianum
      ferredoxin gene.
AB  - We have constructed a library of Clostridium pasteurianum DNA cloned in the
      plasmid pBR322. Based on the known amino acid sequence for C. pasteurianum
      ferredoxin, a 64-fold degenerate heptadecanucleotide pool was synthesized. This
      mixed probe hybridized to two clones which were shown to contain greater than 6
      kilobase pairs of the same genomic DNA. Sequence analysis of a common Sau3A1 0.6
      kilobase-pair fragment revealed that it contains the information for the
      apoferredoxin structural gene. According to the DNA sequence, the only post
      translational processing of this small apoprotein is the hydrolysis of the
      initiator methionine. Putative transcription and translation start and stop
      signals are present within the sequence.

PMID- 3856845
TI  - Stabilization of a primary loop in myosin subfragment 1 with a fluorescent
      crosslinker.
AB  - A bifunctional fluorescent alkylating agent, dibromobimane, has been used to
      stabilize a preexisting primary loop in myosin subfragment 1 (S-1). The crosslink
      achieved joins Cys-707 (called sulfhydryl group "SH1") of the 20-kDa domain
      (formerly called "20K" domain) with a thiol of the 50-kDa domain and seems to
      place the dibromobimane near the ATP-perturbable tryptophan.

PMID- 3856846
TI  - Rapid purification of cytosolic epoxide hydrolase from normal and clofibrate
      treated animals by affinity chromatography.
AB  - Epoxide hydrolase from liver cytosol (cEH) of both normal and clofibrate-treated
      mice can be bioselectively adsorbed onto an affinity column prepared from epoxy
      activated Sepharose and 7-methoxycitronellyl thiol. The free ligand is a modest
      inhibitor of cEH (I50, approximately equal to 3 X 10(-4) M) and lacks the epoxide
      function necessary for it to be turned over as a substrate. This study
      demonstrates that a methoxy group can be used to mimic an oxirane in a vertebrate
      system. Bioselective elution of cEH can be accomplished with several chalcone
      oxides, which are selective potent inhibitors (I50, 1-50 X 10(-7) M), and
      activity can be recovered by dialysis. This procedure thus enhances the
      purification by offering independent opportunities for selective binding and
      selective elution. Conservatively, a 40%-80% recovery of partially inhibited
      enzyme activity can be achieved in 4-48 hr with a 30- to 90-fold purification.
      The purified cEH from clofibrate-induced animals was essentially homogeneous by
      NaDodSO4/PAGE and had an apparent subunit molecular weight of 58,000. The cEHs
      from normal and clofibrate-induced animals appeared identical by NaDodSO4/PAGE.
      Since the cEH activity in normal and clofibrate-treated animals is due to the
      same enzyme, the increase in cEH activity caused by selected hypolipidemic agents
      appears to be true induction.

PMID- 3856847
TI  - Ribosomal RNA transcription: proteins and DNA sequences involved in preinitiation
      complex formation.
AB  - An in vitro transcription system consisting of partially purified transcription
      initiation factor(s) and purified RNA polymerase I from Acanthamoeba castellanii
      was used to study the mechanism of faithful initiation of ribosomal RNA
      transcription. Formation of a preinitiation complex between one or several
      auxiliary transcription proteins and the DNA template in the absence of RNA
      polymerase I was demonstrated. A series of 3'- and 5'-deletion mutants of the
      template was used in prebinding competition experiments and provided evidence for
      three distinct functional regions of the promoter: core motif A interacts with
      the transcription initiation factor(s) and is required for faithful
      transcription; the start motif is required for transcription, but it can be
      deleted without affecting the binding of transcription initiation factor(s); and
      motif B stabilizes preinitiation complex formation (in addition to core motif A),
      but it is dispensable for faithful initiation of transcription.

PMID- 3856848
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of murine ornithine decarboxylase mRNA.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase (OrnDCase; L-ornithine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.17) is the
      first and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines in mammalian
      cells. During cell growth the enzyme is regulated by rapid changes in the level
      of its mRNA and protein. To explore the molecular basis of these changes, we
      cloned a full-length cDNA copy of the major 2.4-kilobase OrnDCase mRNA from mouse
      cells and determined its sequence. The cDNA contains 2465 nucleotides derived
      from OrnDCase mRNA, consisting of a 737-nucleotide-long 5' noncoding segment, a
      coding segment of 1383 nucleotides terminated by a TAG triplet, and a 342
      nucleotide 3' noncoding segment. The encoded protein of 461-amino acid residues
      has a molecular weight of 51,105 and has a potential site for phosphorylation by
      casein kinase II. In the unusually long 5' leader sequence, there are four ATG
      triplets, each of which is followed by an in-phase termination signal; the
      presence of these upstream ATGs could explain the low in vitro translational
      activity of OrnDCase mRNA reported earlier. A restriction digest of mouse genomic
      DNA was probed with a defined OrnDCase coding sequence, revealing a multimembered
      family of OrnDCase-related genes.

PMID- 3856849
TI  - Calmodulin accelerates the rate of polymerization of human platelet actin and
      alters the structural characteristics of actin filaments.
AB  - Calmodulin stimulated the rate of Mg2+-induced polymerization of human platelet
      actin. The stimulatory effect was due to an increase in the nucleation phase of
      the reaction; there was no effect on the steady-state viscosity. The calmodulin
      antagonist trifluoperazine blocked the stimulatory effect of calmodulin. Addition
      of EGTA to the reaction mixture also stimulated the rate of actin polymerization;
      however, the effect of calmodulin on actin polymerization is not due to Ca2+
      chelation, as is presumed to be the case for EGTA. Electron microscopy revealed
      structural differences in the filaments prepared in the presence of calmodulin as
      compared to those prepared with trifluoperazine. In the presence of calmodulin,
      the filaments were thicker, suggesting that they consisted of multiple actin
      polymers. In addition, numerous projections were present perpendicular to the
      filaments, as well as localized areas of filament bundling. It was not possible
      to demonstrate a direct interaction between calmodulin and actin, which raises
      the possibility that the calmodulin effect may be indirect through a calmodulin
      binding protein or calmodulin-dependent enzyme. Regardless of whether calmodulin
      is acting directly or indirectly, these results provide evidence that calmodulin
      may play a regulatory role in either the polymerization of actin or in
      determining the structural characteristics of actin filaments.

PMID- 3856850
TI  - Channels formed by botulinum, tetanus, and diphtheria toxins in planar lipid
      bilayers: relevance to translocation of proteins across membranes.
AB  - The heavy chains of both botulinum neurotoxin type B and tetanus toxin form
      channels in planar bilayer membranes. These channels have pH-dependent and
      voltage-dependent properties that are remarkably similar to those previously
      described for diphtheria toxin. Selectivity experiments with anions and cations
      show that the channels formed by the heavy chains of all three toxins are large;
      thus, these channels could serve as "tunnel proteins" for translocation of active
      peptide fragments. These findings support the hypothesis that the active
      fragments of botulinum neurotoxin and tetanus toxin, like that of diphtheria
      toxin, are translocated across the membranes of acidic vesicles.

PMID- 3856851
TI  - Structure of proteins with single-site mutations: a minimum perturbation
      approach.
AB  - A large number of mutant proteins with single amino acid substitutions are now
      being produced. The ability to predict the structural changes expected from such
      mutations would aid greatly in the efficient utilization of the mutagenic
      techniques and in the interpretation of the changes in stability and function
      that result. A minimum perturbation approach is suggested as a first step in such
      structural predictions and is tested by application to a recently isolated
      variant of the hemagglutinin glycoprotein. The agreement between the predicted
      structure and that inferred from the x-ray refinement is encouraging and provides
      support for the proposed modeling procedure.

PMID- 3856852
TI  - Opacification of gamma-crystallin solutions from calf lens in relation to cold
      cataract formation.
AB  - To determine the molecular mechanisms for cold cataract formation in the nucleus
      of the young mammalian lens, we have investigated the thermally reversible
      opacification of gamma-crystallin solutions isolated from calf lens. Coexistence
      curves (plots of opacification temperature Tc versus protein concentration) were
      determined for the individual gamma-crystallin fractions II, III, and IV as well
      as for the unfractionated gamma-crystallin mixtures isolated from the nucleus and
      cortex. The coexistence curve of gamma IV-crystallin is remarkably elevated above
      those of gamma II- and gamma III-crystallin and the gamma-crystallin mixtures.
      The gamma IV-crystallin fraction is the major determinant of the opacification
      temperature within the whole lens or isolated cytoplasm. Quasielastic light
      scattering spectroscopy of gamma IV-crystallin solutions indicates that above Tc
      there are two populations of protein aggregates of distinctly different mean
      size. As the temperature is lowered towards Tc, both populations increase in
      size. Opacification occurs when the population of large scatterers, which is
      composed of less than 0.1% protein by weight, reaches an average radius of about
      20,000 A.

PMID- 3856853
TI  - Selective internalization of granule membrane after secretion in mast cells.
AB  - [3H]Galactose, covalently bound to cell surface glycoconjugates of rat peritoneal
      mast cells, was used to study internalization of labeled plasma membrane and
      granule membrane constituents before or after secretion stimulated by compound
      48/80. Internalized label was distinguished quantitatively from label on the cell
      surface by its inaccessibility to enzymatic removal. Three different situations
      were compared. (i) With label only on the plasma membrane, and in the absence of
      secretion, incubation at 37 degrees C (but not at 0 degree C) resulted in a
      gradual decrease of label on the cell surface until, after approximately equal to
      2 hr, a steady state was reached with 93% of all cell-bound label remaining on
      the cell surface. Recycling of internalized label was demonstrated. (ii) When
      cells were labeled on the plasma membrane and then stimulated to secrete,
      subsequent retrieval of (unlabeled) granule membrane did not affect the rate or
      extent of simultaneous internalization of labeled plasma membrane. (iii) When
      both plasma membrane and exposed granule membrane were labeled after secretion,
      subsequent incubation at 37 degrees C (but not at 0 degrees C) resulted in
      approximately equal to 33% of all cell-bound label becoming internalized during 4
      hr, indicating additional internalization of label due to retrieval of labeled
      granule membrane. In all three cases, loss of label into the medium occurred with
      a half-life of 8-11 hr, showing that no extensive shedding of granule membrane
      occurred after secretion. The results suggest either that no mixing of labeled
      membrane constituents occurred between the plasma membrane and granule membrane
      or that during retrieval of granule membrane, sorting of membrane was taking
      place at the cell surface.

PMID- 3856854
TI  - Expression of the metastatic phenotype in cells transfected with human metastatic
      tumor DNA.
AB  - NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts form nonmetastasizing fibrosarcomas upon transformation
      by the Ha-ras oncogene isolated from the EJ human bladder carcinoma cell line and
      subcutaneous inoculation into immunocompetent NFS/NCr mice. DNA from a human
      metastatic tumor was transfected into these Ha-ras transformants, and one of the
      resulting colonies yielded a lung metastasis after subcutaneous inoculation. DNA
      was isolated from this metastasis and subjected to a second round of transfer
      into Ha-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. Inoculation of these transfected cultures
      into mice led once again to formation of metastases, this time at a higher
      frequency. Examination of four of the resulting metastases revealed discrete
      human DNA fragments that were common to all four. These findings demonstrate that
      the metastatic phenotype can be transferred via DNA from cell to cell and is
      associated with the presence of a discrete DNA segment. This segment is not
      identical to the myc oncogene or to any of the frequently detected ras tumor
      oncogenes.

PMID- 3856855
TI  - Glucose transport protein is structurally and immunologically related to band 3
      and senescent cell antigen.
AB  - Senescent cell antigen, a polypeptide that appears on the surface of senescent
      and damaged cells, has been shown to be derived from band 3. In the present
      study, the relationship between the as yet unidentified glucose transporter and
      senescent cell antigen is examined. Since cytochalasin B is a specific and potent
      competitive inhibitor of glucose transport in human erythrocytes, the glucose
      transport carrier was isolated by affinity chromatography on cytochalasin B
      Sepharose 4B columns and eluted with D-glucose. This purification procedure is
      both a method of isolation and a functional assay for the glucose transporter.
      Purified glucose transporter gave a sharp, single band at Mr approximately equal
      to 60,000 when analyzed by NaDod-SO4/PAGE. Glucose transporter was identified in
      erythrocyte membranes by the immunoblotting technique, using both antibodies
      raised against purified glucose transporter and anti-idiotypic antibodies. Two
      dimensional peptide mapping revealed substantial peptide homology between glucose
      transporter and senescent cell antigen. In addition, the glucose transporter
      shared peptide homology with band 3 and its defined proteolytic fragments located
      toward the carboxyl terminus of band 3. Peptide homology between glucose
      transporter and the Mr approximately equal to 41,000 cytoplasmic segment of band
      3 that contains the amino terminus could not be demonstrated. Thus, glucose
      transporter appears to be part of or derived from band 3, and to share
      substantial peptide homology with senescent cell antigen.

PMID- 3856856
TI  - Evidence for higher rates of nucleotide substitution in rodents than in man.
AB  - When the coding regions of 11 genes from rodents (mouse or rat) and man are
      compared with those from another mammalian species (usually bovine), it is found
      that rodents evolve significantly faster than man. The ratio of the number of
      nucleotide substitutions in the rodent lineage to that in the human lineage since
      their divergence is 2.0 for synonymous substitutions and 1.3 for nonsynonymous
      substitutions. Rodents also evolve faster in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions
      of five different mRNAs; the ratios are 2.6 and 3.1, respectively. The numbers of
      nucleotide substitutions between members of the beta-globin gene family that were
      duplicated before the man-mouse split are also higher in mouse than in man. The
      difference is, again, greater for synonymous substitutions than for nonsynonymous
      substitutions. This tendency is more consistent with the neutralist view of
      molecular evolution than with the selectionist view. A simple explanation for the
      higher rates in rodents is that rodents have shorter generation times and, thus,
      higher mutation rates. The implication of our findings for the study of molecular
      phylogeny is discussed.

PMID- 3856857
TI  - Multiple duplications of complement C4 gene correlate with H-2-controlled
      testosterone-independent expression of its sex-limited isoform, C4-Slp.
AB  - Mouse liver cDNA clones related to the C4 and C4-Slp isoforms of the fourth
      component of complement differ by few nucleotide changes within a region of
      substantial divergence from human C4. It is suggested that the mouse C4 gene
      duplication is an evolutionarily recent event with respect to the time of
      mammalian radiation. This conclusion is reinforced by the presence of a single C4
      gene in the Syrian hamster. Most H-2 haplotypes, including those characterized by
      an undetectable C4-Slp protein, possess two C4 gene copies which, in contrast to
      the neighboring factor B, show a marked restriction site polymorphism. The
      genetic variation of this region is emphasized by the presence in the mouse of a
      rare "polymorphism" for C4 gene number. Multiple C4-related gene copies
      characterize those exceptional wild-derived H-2 haplotypes, H-2w7, H-2w16, and H
      2w19, that determine the expression of the C4-Slp protein in female animals.

PMID- 3856858
TI  - Characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant of mouse FM3A cells defective
      in DNA replication.
AB  - The characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant (tsFT20 strain, dnats) of
      mouse FM3A cells is reported. After incubation of tsFT20 cells at the
      nonpermissive temperature (39 degrees C), DNA synthesis ceased with little change
      in either RNA or protein synthesis. Flow-microfluorometric analysis revealed that
      the cell cycle of tsFT20 cells grown at 39 degrees C for 16 hr was similar to
      that of wild-type cells that were synchronized at the G1/S boundary and at S
      phase by treatment with aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase
      alpha. The DNA polymerase alpha activity of tsFT20 cells measured in crude cell
      extracts or in purified preparations was inactivated more rapidly at 39 degrees C
      than the activity of wild-type cells. In the growth revertants of the tsFT20 cell
      strain, the heat lability of DNA polymerase alpha decreased. These data suggest
      that tsFT20 is a temperature-sensitive mutant of DNA polymerase alpha or of a
      factor associated with DNA polymerase alpha that is essential for its activity.

PMID- 3856859
TI  - Allelic polymorphism and transassociation of molecules encoded by the HLA-DQ
      subregion.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody, CC11.23, with monomorphic specificity predominantly for
      products of the HLA-DQ subregion, has been used to demonstrate primary structural
      variation among DQ molecules. Two cell lines of each haplotype (DR1-7) were
      radiolabeled with [3H]tyrosine. alpha and beta chains were isolated from CC11.23
      reactive preparations, and their amino-terminal tyrosine sequences were
      determined. Each DR haplotype (with the exception of DRw6) was found to express a
      distinct DQ molecule with a minimum of three allelic forms of the DQ alpha chain
      and five allelic forms of the DQ beta chain. At the primary structural level, the
      locus for the DQ beta chain appears to be as polymorphic as the locus for the DR
      beta chain. Unlike the locus for the DR alpha chain (which is essentially
      nonpolymorphic), the locus for the DQ alpha chain was found to be polymorphic.
      Comparison of DQ molecules from two different heterozygous cell lines with those
      from homozygous cell lines revealed that in heterozygotes, DQ alpha chains from
      either allele can associate with DQ beta chains from one allele. The formation of
      hybrid HLA-DQ molecules by both cis and trans gene complementation, coupled with
      several polymorphic forms of each of the DQ subunits, considerably increases the
      repertoire of DQ alloantigens in heterozygotes.

PMID- 3856860
TI  - Protection against gram-negative bacteremia and endotoxemia with human monoclonal
      IgM antibodies.
AB  - Hybridomas producing human monoclonal IgM antibodies (mAbs) against bacterial
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were generated by fusion of B lymphocytes from
      sensitized human spleen with heteromyeloma cells. The splenocytes were from
      patients undergoing splenectomy during staging for Hodgkin disease after
      vaccination with the J5 mutant of Escherichia coli, which is deficient in O
      antigenic side chains. This deficiency exposes the core oligosaccharide, common
      to LPS of all Gram-negative bacteria. The mAbs cross-reacted strongly with
      endotoxins from a wide range of unrelated species of Gram-negative bacteria. The
      mAbs also gave strong protection against LPS in the dermal Shwartzman reaction
      and against lethal Gram-negative bacteremia in mice. These findings indicate that
      monoclonal IgM against LPS endotoxin can neutralize its toxicity in vivo and
      might be valuable for treatment of patients with Gram-negative bacteremia.
      Analysis of one of the hybridoma clones, A6(H4C5), showed that the IgM mAb is
      directed against the covalently bound lipid A, which represents the most
      conservative and least variable structural element of LPS.

PMID- 3856861
TI  - Invasiveness and ploidy of human mammary carcinomas in short-term culture.
AB  - Invasiveness and ploidy were examined in cultures of human epithelial cells
      derived from nonmalignant breast tissue, primary breast carcinomas, and breast
      cancer effusion metastases. Successful short-term culture was achieved from
      approximately 70% of the primary breast cancers. These primary cancers were
      essentially diploid by flow cytometry and karyotype in contrast to the effusion
      metastases, which were mostly aneuploid. The diploid tumor cells retained their
      malignant phenotype in culture as demonstrated by invasion into a denuded human
      amnion basement membrane. In contrast, epithelial cells cultured from
      nonmalignant mammary tissue did not invade the amnion. We suggest that the
      diploid carcinoma cultures may be useful for investigating the essential
      differences between normal and malignant cells and may complement information
      derived from studies of tumor cell lines with grossly aberrant karyotypes.

PMID- 3856862
TI  - Cell lines and clinical isolates derived from Ph1-positive chronic myelogenous
      leukemia patients express c-abl proteins with a common structural alteration.
AB  - The Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1), observed in greater than 90% of chronic
      myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients, results from a specific chromosomal
      translocation involving the c-abl gene. The translocation breakpoint occurs near
      c-abl and correlates with the production of an altered c-abl mRNA. In the CML
      derived cell line K562, Ph1 is accompanied by a structurally altered c-abl
      protein (P210c-abl) with in vitro tyrosine kinase activity not detected with the
      normal c-abl protein (P145c-abl). We have examined c-abl proteins in other Ph1
      positive CML cell lines and found that they all express P210c-abl. P210c-abl was
      also detected in bone marrow cells from CML patients with Ph1 in the accelerated
      and blast crisis phases of the disease. Comparison of the [35S]methionine-labeled
      tryptic peptides generated from the normal P145c-abl and P210c-abl showed that
      they have closely related structures, but additional polypeptide sequences are
      present in P210c-abl. Based on these results we propose that translocation of c
      abl in Ph1-positive CML results in the creation of a chimeric gene leading to the
      production of a structurally altered c-abl protein with activated tyrosine kinase
      activity. The altered P210 c-abl protein is strongly implicated in the
      pathogenesis of CML.

PMID- 3856863
TI  - Assignment of the gene for Wilson disease to chromosome 13: linkage to the
      esterase D locus.
AB  - Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of copper
      metabolism for which the basic defect is still unknown. Twenty-seven autosomal
      markers were investigated for linkage in a large inbred kindred with affected
      individuals in two generations. Also, serum copper and ceruloplasmin were
      measured on all available members. Close linkage (theta = 0.06) with a logarithm
      of odds (lod) score of 3.21 was found between the gene for WD and the esterase D
      locus. Efficient detection of linkage was made possible by the use of a
      multisibship inbred pedigree. The discovery of a polymorphic marker genetically
      linked to the WD locus has profound implications both for investigation of the
      primary gene defect and for clinical services.

PMID- 3856865
TI  - The molecular electronic device and the biochip computer: present status.
AB  - The idea that a single molecule might function as a self-contained electronic
      device has been of interest for some time. However, a fully integrated version-
      the biochip or the biocomputer, in which both production and assembly of
      molecular electronic components is achieved through biotechnology-is a relatively
      new concept that is currently attracting attention both within the scientific
      community and among the general public. In the present article we draw together
      some of the approaches being considered for the construction of such devices and
      delineate the revolutionary nature of the current proposals for molecular
      electronic devices (MEDs) and biochip computers (BCCs). With the silicon
      semiconductor conductor industry already in place and in view of the continuing
      successes of the lithographic process it seems appropriate to ask why the highly
      speculative MED or BCC has engendered such interest. In some respects the answer
      is paradigmatic as much as it is real. It is perhaps best stated as the promise
      of the realm of the molecular. Thus it is envisioned that devices will be
      constructed by assembly of individual molecular electronic components into
      arrays, thereby engineering from small upward rather than large downward as do
      current lithographic techniques. An important corollary of the construction
      technique is that the functional elements of such an array would be individual
      molecules rather than macroscopic ensembles. These two aspects of the MED/BCC-
      assembly of molecular arrays and individually accessible functional molecular
      units--are truly revolutionary. Both require scientific breakthroughs and the
      necessary principles, quite apart from the technology, remain essentially
      unknown. It is concluded that the advent of the MED/BCC still lies well before
      us. The twin criteria of utilization of individual molecules as functional
      elements and the assembly of such elements remains as elusive as ever. Biology
      engineers structures on the molecular scale but biomolecules do not seem to be
      imbued with useful electronic properties. Molecular beam epitaxy and thin-film
      techniques produce electronic devices but they "engineer down" and are currently
      unable to generate individual molecular units. The potential of the MED/BCC field
      is matched only by the obstacles that must be surmounted for its realization.

PMID- 3856864
TI  - A human acetylcholinesterase gene identified by homology to the Ace region of
      Drosophila.
AB  - The Ace locus of the Drosophila genome controls biosynthesis of the
      neurotransmitter-hydrolyzing enzyme acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine
      acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7). We injected the mRNA species hybridizing with DNA
      fragments from this region into Xenopus oocytes, in which acetylcholinesterase
      mRNA is translated into active acetylcholinesterase. A 2.0-kilobase (kb) fragment
      of DNA from this region selectively hybridizes with Drosophila mRNA capable of
      inducing the biosynthesis of acetylcholinesterase in oocytes. This Drosophila DNA
      fragment cross-hybridized with human brain poly(A)+ RNA. We therefore used this
      DNA fragment as a probe for homologous sequence(s) in a human genomic DNA library
      and thus selected a 13.5-kb human DNA segment. DNA blot-hybridization revealed
      that a 2.6-kb fragment of this human DNA segment hybridizes with the Drosophila
      2.0-kb DNA fragment. Both Drosophila and human fragments hybridized with a human
      brain mRNA species of about 7.0-kb that was barely detectable in the
      acetylcholinesterase-deficient HEp carcinoma. A fraction containing mRNA of
      similar size, extracted from human brain, induced acetylcholinesterase
      biosynthesis in oocytes. The human DNA fragment also was used in hybridization
      selection experiments. In oocytes, hybrid-selected human brain mRNA induced
      acetylcholinesterase activity that was completely inhibited by 1,5-bis[4
      allyldimethylammonium)phenyl]pentan-3-one dibromide but not by tetraisopropyl
      pyrophosphamide, a differential response to these inhibitors characteristic of
      "true" human brain acetylcholinesterase. These findings strongly suggest that
      both the Drosophila and the human DNA fragments are directly involved in
      controlling acetylcholinesterase biosynthesis.

PMID- 3856866
TI  - Total synthesis of (+/-)-11 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone by cyclization of a
      polyunsaturated epoxide.
AB  - The total synthesis of a typical 11-hydroxylated steroid, (+/-)-11 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone, was achieved by picric acid-catalyzed tricyclization of a
      polyunsaturated epoxide appropriately substituted with ketal, hydroxyl, and
      acetylenic units. This epoxide was prepared by a multistage sequence featuring
      two successive alkylations of intermediary, monocyclic sulfones. The first
      sulfone intermediate was obtained by means of a short sequence starting from
      levulinic acid and diethyl succinate and involving a selective cyclization
      reaction.

PMID- 3856867
TI  - Studies on angiotensin II and analogs: impact of substitution in position 8 on
      conformation and activity.
AB  - Affinity, residual agonist activity, and inhibitor properties of a series of
      angiotensin II analogs modified at the COOH-terminal position (X8-substituted
      peptides) have been probed for structure/conformation-biological activity
      relationships. The results emphasize (i) the large impact that subtle
      conformational variations caused by structural alterations in the position 8 side
      chain have on biological properties, (ii) the implication of the COOH-terminal
      carboxyl group in both affinity and intrinsic activity, and (iii) the influence
      that the bulkiness of the side chain in position 8 of antagonists has on the
      local conformation at the COOH terminus and thus on the inhibitory properties. In
      the hormone, the phenylalanine-8 ring is required for its steric influence and
      aromaticity to ensure a fully active conformation at the COOH terminus.
      Especially, correct orientation of the position 8 carboxyl group relative to the
      phenyl group of the phenylalanine residue may be necessary for agonistic
      activation of the angiotensin receptor complex. Replacement of the aromatic ring
      on the COOH-terminal residue by a nonaromatic group leads to incorrect
      orientation of the carboxyl group and causes the appearance of antagonist
      properties. Although the steric effects of the side chain can be modulated by
      specific interaction of its chemical groups (if any) with the peptide backbone,
      we found a good correlation between the size of the side chain-e.g., the steric
      parameter V gamma (the van der Waals volume consisting of the C alpha, C beta,
      and C gamma atoms), the conformational properties in the backbone (3J HC alpha
      NH), and the binding capacities in all compounds tested.

PMID- 3856868
TI  - Periodicity of leucine and tandem repetition of a 24-amino acid segment in the
      primary structure of leucine-rich alpha 2-glycoprotein of human serum.
AB  - The complete primary structure of the 3.1S leucine-rich alpha 2-glycoprotein
      (LRG) present in human plasma has been determined. This protein (Mr approximately
      45,000) consists of a single polypeptide chain with one galactosamine and four
      glucosamine oligosaccharides attached. The polypeptide has two intrachain
      disulfide bonds and contains 312 amino acid residues of which 66 are leucine. The
      amino acid sequence can be exactly divided into 13 segments of 24 residues each,
      eight of which exhibit a periodic pattern in the occurrence of leucine, proline,
      and asparagine. The consensus sequence for the repeating tetracosapeptide unit is
      Pro-Xaa-Xaa-Leu-Leu-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-X aa-Xaa-Leu-Xaa-Xaa-Leu-Xaa-Leu-Xaa-Xaa-Asn-Xaa
      Leu-Xaa-Xaa-Leu. This periodicity suggests that the unique structure of LRG arose
      from a series of unequal crossovers of a precursor oligonucleotide sequence that
      encoded a building block rich in leucine. Overall, the amino acid sequence of LRG
      is not significantly homologous to the continuous sequence of any protein in the
      current data base. However, the consensus tetracosapeptide sequence shows strong
      homology to segments of many mitochondrial proteins, viral envelope proteins, and
      oncogene proteins that have a high leucine content and transmembrane domains.
      Tandem repetition of similar segments also occurs in apolipoproteins that have
      amphipathic helical potential. Prediction of the secondary structure by the Chou
      Fasman rules and calculation of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic profile by several
      methods confirm the tandem repetition of largely hydrophobic structural units;
      these begin with a beta-turn that leads into an organized structure with alpha
      helical or beta-sheet potential. These structural characteristics and the
      homology to mitochondrial proteins and apolipoproteins suggest that LRG is a
      membrane-derived or membrane-associated protein containing a series of domains
      capable of bipolar surface orientation.

PMID- 3856869
TI  - Isolation of a somatic-cell mutant defective in phosphatidylserine biosynthesis.
AB  - Mutant clones of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells defective in the base-exchange
      reaction of phospholipids with choline were isolated by using an in situ
      enzymatic assay for the reaction in cell colonies immobilized on polyester cloth.
      The specific activities of the choline-exchange reaction in extracts of one of
      the mutants (designated 64) grown at 33 degrees C and 40 degrees C were 13% and
      6% of those in parental (CHO-K1) cells, respectively. The choline-exchange
      activity in the mutant was more thermolabile in cell extracts than that in the
      parent, suggesting that a mutation in the structural gene for the choline
      exchange enzyme might have been induced in this mutant. In culture medium
      supplemented with lipoprotein-deficient serum, mutant 64 grew almost normally at
      33 degrees C but divided only twice at 40 degrees C and then stopped growing.
      Labeling of intact cells with [32P]Pi showed that mutant 64 was also strikingly
      defective in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylserine at 40 degrees C but was
      normal at 33 degrees C. Most temperature-resistant revertants of mutant 64
      exhibited nearly normal ability to synthesize phosphatidylserine at 40 degrees C
      and also showed choline-exchange activity similar to that in parental cells. The
      addition of phosphatidylserine to medium supplemented with newborn calf serum, in
      which mutant 64 grew more slowly than parental cells at 40 degrees C, restored
      the growth rate of the mutant to the parental level. Our findings suggest that
      the choline-exchange enzyme functions as the major route for the formation of
      phosphatidylserine and that the temperature-sensitive growth of mutant 64 is due
      to a defect in phosphatidylserine biosynthesis at 40 degrees C.

PMID- 3856870
TI  - Molecular cloning of the human cholecystokinin gene by use of a synthetic probe
      containing deoxyinosine.
AB  - A synthetic DNA based on the known amino acid sequence of the brain/gut peptide
      cholecystokinin (CCK) was synthesized. This DNA contained deoxyinosines at
      ambiguous codon positions and was used as a probe to isolate the CCK gene
      directly from a human genomic library. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the
      isolated gene revealed that human preprocholecystokinin consists of 115 amino
      acid residues, with 11 amino acids in common with the human gastrin precursor,
      another member of the gastrin-CCK family, and that the coding region is separated
      by a single, long intron. CCK appears to be encoded by a single-copy gene in the
      haploid human genome, as revealed by genomic Southern hybridization analysis,
      suggesting that the same gene is expressed both in gut and brain.

PMID- 3856871
TI  - Expression of a mouse long terminal repeat is cell cycle-linked.
AB  - The expression of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of intracisternal A particle
      retroviral sequences which are endogenous to the mouse genome has been shown to
      be linked to the early G1 phase of the cell cycle in Friend erythroleukemia cells
      synchronized by density arrest and also in logarithmically growing cells
      fractionated into cell-cycle compartments by centrifugal elutriation. Regions of
      homology were found in comparing the LTR sequence to a repetitive Syrian hamster
      sequence specifically expressed in early G1 in hamster cells.

PMID- 3856872
TI  - Investigation of nucleotide binding sites on chloroplast coupling factor 1 with
      3'O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyl adenosine 5'-triphosphate.
AB  - The subunit locations of each of the three nucleotide binding sites of soluble
      chloroplast coupling factor 1 have been studied with the photoaffinity label 3'-O
      (4-benzoyl)benzoyl-ATP. This derivative is an effective inhibitor of ATPase
      activity. Photolysis of the radioactive label when bound to each of the three
      nucleotide sites on the coupling factor has been examined. For the nucleotide
      site that normally binds ADP very tightly, NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis after photolysis indicates that primarily the beta polypeptide
      chain is appreciably labeled (86%), although some labeling of the alpha
      polypeptide chain is found (14%). For the site that binds MgATP tightly, 97% of
      the radioactivity is found on the beta polypeptide chain. The alpha and beta
      polypeptide chains are labeled in approximately equal amounts when photolysis is
      carried out with the nucleotide analog bound to the third site.

PMID- 3856873
TI  - Characterization of a yeast mitochondrial promoter by deletion mutagenesis.
AB  - We have generated collections of mutants of the promoter for the small rRNA gene
      from the mitochondria of yeast deleted from either the 3' or 5' end. Plasmids
      containing the partially deleted promoter were assayed for their ability to
      direct correct transcriptional initiation in a homologous in vitro system. We
      find that the region required for high-efficiency promoter function lies between
      positions -10 and +2. Our methods detected no effect of flanking sequences on the
      strength of this promoter.

PMID- 3856874
TI  - Translational control by adenovirus: lack of virus-associated RNAI during
      adenovirus infection results in phosphorylation of initiation factor eIF-2 and
      inhibition of protein synthesis.
AB  - The dl331 mutant of adenovirus serotype 5 fails to produce virus-associated (VA)
      RNAI, and cells infected with this mutant do not synthesize proteins efficiently
      at late times in infection. The translational defect occurs at the level of
      polypeptide chain initiation, and cell-free extracts prepared from dl331-infected
      cells exhibit the defect observed in vivo. Addition of either eukaryotic
      initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) or guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) to these
      cell-free extracts restores translational activity, with GEF functioning more
      efficiently in this regard. These results suggest that cells infected with the
      dl331 mutant develop a translational block at the level of GEF-catalyzed guanine
      nucleotide exchange and that this block is most likely established through
      phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eIF-2. In the present investigation we
      show that endogenous HeLa cell GEF activity is significantly reduced in cells
      infected with the dl331 mutant. Further, in contrast to cells infected with wild
      type serotype 2 adenovirus, dl331-infected cells contain increased eIF-2 alpha
      kinase activity. These results indicate that VA RNAI plays a role in suppressing
      eIF-2 alpha kinase activity during adenovirus infection of HeLa cells.

PMID- 3856875
TI  - A 20-kDa protein associated with the murine T-cell antigen receptor is
      phosphorylated in response to activation by antigen or concanavalin A.
AB  - Antigen or concanavalin A activation of a murine T-cell hybrid specific for
      pigeon cytochrome c and restricted to the Ek alpha:Ek beta immune response
      associated (Ia) molecule resulted in phosphorylation of a 20-kDa protein that was
      specifically coprecipitated by a monoclonal antibody binding the T-cell antigen
      receptor. There was no evidence for phosphorylation of the antigen receptor
      itself. The phosphorylation of the 20-kDa polypeptide was dependent on the
      concentration of antigen or lectin used to activate the T-cell hybrid and reached
      a maximum 40 min after the addition of antigen. Moreover, the phosphorylation
      induced by antigen in the presence of Ia molecule-bearing B cells was
      specifically blocked by the addition of appropriate anti-Ia molecule monoclonal
      antibodies. The 20-kDa protein was also radioiodinated with a hydrophobic
      photoactivatable labeling reagent. The amount of iodinated 20-kDa protein
      immunoprecipitable with the anti-receptor antibody did not increase with T-cell
      activation, indicating that the phosphorylation occurred on a molecule that was
      constitutively associated with the antigen receptor. Concanavalin A also induced
      phosphorylation of a 20-kDa polypeptide in a second antigen-specific major
      histocompatibility complex-restricted T-cell hybrid. Again, the phosphorylated
      polypeptide was precipitated only by a monoclonal antibody specific for the
      antigen receptor on this hybrid. Thus, the antigen or concanavalin A-induced
      activation of T-cell hybrids results in the rapid phosphorylation of a 20-kDa
      protein that is associated with the T-cell antigen receptor.

PMID- 3856876
TI  - Chromatin structure around the c-myc gene in Burkitt lymphomas with upstream and
      downstream translocation points.
AB  - Burkitt lymphoma cells seem to have abnormal c-myc gene activity resulting from
      chromosomal translocation. We have examined the consequences of translocation on
      putative control sequences near to the c-myc gene by DNase I hypersensitivity
      mapping of chromatin. There is no detectable difference in the pattern of
      hypersensitivity (compared with the actively transcribed c-myc gene of
      lymphoblastoid cells) in Burkitt lymphoma cells where the translocation point
      occurs at a considerable distance upstream or downstream of c-myc. When the
      translocation occurs near the 5' end of the c-myc gene, resulting in loss of
      hypersensitive sites, those that remain show the same sensitivity as in
      lymphoblastoid cell lines. We conclude that translocation has little general
      effect on the usual pattern of hypersensitive sites near to the c-myc gene but
      new sites can be observed in some cases in the immunoglobulin region near to the
      breakpoint. These may be sites normally involved in immunoglobulin gene
      transcription and may exert a subtle effect on the translocated c-myc gene.

PMID- 3856877
TI  - L1 sequences in HeLa extrachromosomal circular DNA: evidence for circularization
      by homologous recombination.
AB  - Subcloned probes of the L1 family of repetitive elements were used to isolate L1
      carrying clones from a plasmid library of HeLa cell extrachromosomal circular
      DNA. One clone was analyzed in detail by restriction mapping, cross-hybridization
      to L1 probes, and base sequence analysis. In addition to approximately the 3'
      half of a full-sized L1 element, this clone carried 390 base pairs of non-L1
      sequence that is single copy in the HeLa genome. A HeLa genomic clone of this
      unique chromosomal region was isolated and the sequence organization of the
      circle clone was compared with the linear chromosomal region from which it was
      ultimately derived. We discuss possible mechanisms of circular DNA formation and
      propose homologous intrachromosomal recombination between 9-base-pair direct
      repeats to be most likely in this case.

PMID- 3856878
TI  - Evidence for unpredicted transmembrane domains in acetylcholine receptor
      subunits.
AB  - Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs 236 and 237) against a synthetic peptide composed
      of the same amino acid residues as the sequence 152-167 of the alpha subunit of
      the acetylcholine receptor were obtained, and their crossreaction with the
      synthetic peptide, alpha subunit, and solubilized receptor was demonstrated.
      Crossreaction with the synthetic peptide alpha 159-169 was less by a factor of
      10(4), suggesting that the mAbs bind primarily to the sequence alpha 152-159.
      Cholinergic ligands did not inhibit mAb binding. No crossreaction was observed
      with the receptor in native membranes, but the mAbs could bind to receptor
      reconstituted into liposomes in which 50% of the receptors have their cytoplasmic
      surface oriented outside. When native membranes were permeabilized with saponin,
      mAbs directed against cytoplasmic determinants of the receptor could bind to
      them, but mAbs 236 and 237 could not. However, after treatments that removed
      peripheral proteins from the cytoplasmic surface, binding of both mAbs was
      observed. Further evidence for the cytoplasmic localization of this sequence was
      provided by observation of partial competition for binding between mAbs 236 and
      237 and mAbs previously demonstrated to bind to the cytoplasmic surface of the
      receptor. To account for these findings, a model for the organization of the
      polypeptide chains in receptor subunits is proposed that has a total of seven
      transmembrane domains in each subunit, two of which are amphipathic and one of
      which is not alpha-helical.

PMID- 3856879
TI  - Brain-specific polypeptide 1B236 exists in multiple molecular forms.
AB  - The COOH-terminal amino acid sequence of the rat brain-specific polypeptide 1B236
      was previously deduced from molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence
      determination of its mRNA and the 1B236 protein shown to exist in the rat brain.
      The amino acid sequence of 1B236 contained at least three peptide sequences
      demarcated by pairs of basic amino acids--a structure similar to known
      neuropeptide and hormone precursors--which suggested that the protein might be
      processed in vivo to generate peptides. We have developed radioimmunoassays
      specific for 1B236 with antibodies against three synthetic peptides corresponding
      to putative cleavage products of this protein and have used these assays to
      define the molecular forms of 1B236 in rat brain extracts. The most abundant form
      is of high molecular weight (ca. 100,000) and requires detergent for
      solubilization; hence, it is probably membrane-bound. However, a small fraction
      of the high molecular weight material is soluble in the absence of detergent. In
      addition, several low molecular weight species are detectable in brain extracts
      prepared under conditions preventing proteolysis. These molecules correspond in
      size to two of the possible products of proteolytic processing predicted from the
      amino acid sequence of 1B236. The multiplicity of 1B236 forms, together with
      other data, suggests that this protein undergoes extensive post-translational
      modification, including proteolytic processing to generate peptides that may be
      physiologically relevant.

PMID- 3856880
TI  - Sex-dependent expression of mouse testosterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase (cytochrome P
      450(16) alpha): cDNA cloning and pretranslational regulation.
AB  - By using both double-colony hybridization and an in situ immunostaining assay for
      transformants, 39 cDNA clones (clone p-16 alpha) encoding mouse liver microsomal
      testosterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450(16) alpha) were isolated from
      a cDNA library constructed in the cloning vector pUC-9 with poly(A)+ RNA
      immunoenriched from total liver polysomes of male 129/J mice. mRNA selected by
      hybridization with clone p-16 alpha translated the P-450(16) alpha apoprotein in
      vitro. Total cellular proteins, which were prepared from immunopositive
      transformant Escherichia coli cells, were conjugated with Sepharose 4B. Antibody
      purified with the Sepharose 4B conjugate from mixed antiserum to P-450(16) alpha
      and P-450(15) alpha specifically inhibited testosterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase
      activity in microsomes. The cDNA insert of one recombinant plasmid (clone P-16
      alpha-1) was 1.75 kilobases in size and contained one or more internal
      restriction sites for HindIII, BamHI, Bgl I, Pst I, Alu I, HinpI, and Rsa I. 32P
      labeled clone p-16 alpha-1 hybridized with a single mRNA (2000 bases) that was 10
      times more concentrated in liver cells from male 129/J mice than in female mice.
      This result was consistent with the finding that poly(A)+ RNA from male mice
      translated 10 times as much P-450(16) alpha in vitro as did the poly(A)+ RNA from
      females. Thus, the predominant expression of testosterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase in
      male 129/J mice is regulated pretranslationally, presumably at the
      transcriptional level of the P-450(16) alpha gene.

PMID- 3856881
TI  - Molecular dynamics simulation of photodissociation of carbon monoxide from
      hemoglobin.
AB  - A molecular dynamics simulation of the photodissociation of carbon monoxide from
      the alpha subunit of hemoglobin is described. To initiate photodissociation,
      trajectories of the liganded molecule were interrupted, the iron-carbon monoxide
      bond was broken, and the parameters of the iron-nitrogen bonds were
      simultaneously altered to produce a deoxyheme conformation. Heme potential
      functions were used that reproduce the energies and forces for the iron out-of
      plane motion obtained from quantum mechanical calculations. The effect of the
      protein on the rate and extent of the displacement of the iron from the porphyrin
      plane was assessed by comparing the results with those obtained for an isolated
      complex of heme with imidazole and carbon monoxide. The half-time for the
      displacement of the iron from the porphyrin plane was found to be 50-150 fs for
      both the protein and the isolated complex. These results support the
      interpretation of optical absorption studies using 250-fs laser pulses that the
      iron is displaced from the porphyrin plane within 350 fs in both hemoglobin and a
      free heme complex in solution.

PMID- 3856882
TI  - Cells from an immunodeficient patient (46BR) with a defect in DNA ligation are
      hypomutable but hypersensitive to the induction of sister chromatid exchanges.
AB  - A fibroblast cell strain, 46BR, derived from an immunodeficient patient is
      hypersensitive to the lethal effects of a wide range of DNA-damaging agents. It
      is also defective in strand-break rejoining after treatment with dimethyl sulfate
      and UV light. The present study shows that the cells have a defect in joining
      Okazaki-type fragments during DNA replication, supporting the interpretation that
      the basic defect is in ligation of DNA strands. The baseline level of sister
      chromatid exchange is slightly higher than in normal cells but it does not
      approach that of Bloom's syndrome or dyskeratosis congenita cells. Sensitivity to
      the induction of sister chromatid exchange and the hypersensitivity to the lethal
      effects of a set of DNA-damaging agents are correlated, implying that the basic
      defect influences both end points in a similar manner. No 6-thioguanine-resistant
      mutants could be induced by either gamma- or UV-irradiation in these cells,
      suggesting that error-prone repair pathways for damage induced by these agents
      may contain a common ligation step in human cells.

PMID- 3856883
TI  - Synthetic pheromones that promote inter-male aggression in mice.
AB  - Two volatile constituents of male mouse urine, dehydro-exo-brevicomin and 2-(sec
      butyl)-dihydrothiazole, have been found active in bioassays of inter-male
      aggressive behavior. The two synthetic compounds act synergistically when added
      to castrated male urine but not when added to water, and they provoke fighting
      that is quantitatively and qualitatively comparable to that elicited by intact
      male urine.

PMID- 3856884
TI  - Suppression of tumorigenicity in hybrids of normal and oncogene-transformed CHEF
      cells.
AB  - Somatic cell hybridization experiments were carried out to determine whether
      normal cells have the ability to suppress the transforming effects of a defined
      oncogene. A nontransformed Chinese hamster embryo fibroblast cell line (CHEF/18
      dm2) was used as the normal parent, and a CHEF/18 transfectant carrying the human
      mutant c-Ha-ras (EJ) oncogene was used as the tumorigenic parent. Selected
      hybrids (L318 cell lines) were assayed for the presence of EJ DNA, for the p21
      product of the c-Ha-ras gene, and for various indices of cell transformation.
      These hybrids exhibited a fibroblastic morphology similar to the normal parent,
      although they contained the EJ gene and expressed its p21 protein product at
      levels comparable with the transformed parent. They had a reduced capacity for
      anchorage-independent growth (plating efficiency in methylcellulose of less than
      0.3-13%, as compared with greater than 90% for the transformed parent) and
      decreased tumor-forming ability in athymic mice. These findings show that normal
      CHEF/18 cells contain suppressor genes capable of inhibiting expression of the
      transformed phenotype, and tumor-forming ability, in the presence of an activated
      EJ oncogene.

PMID- 3856885
TI  - Evidence for linear response for the induction of mutations in human cells by x
      ray exposures below 10 rads.
AB  - The induction of 6-thioguanine resistance (6TGR) was studied in continuous human
      lymphoblast cultures exposed to daily x-ray doses of 1, 2.5, 5, or 10 rads (1 rad
      = 0.01 gray) for periods up to 1 month. Samples were taken every 5 days for
      determinations of induced mutation frequency. Cells receiving daily doses of 1-10
      rads showed a mutation frequency of 0.069 X 10(-6) 6TGR cell per rad, virtually
      identical to the value of 0.062 X 10(-6) 6TGR cell per rad determined for
      lymphoblasts receiving the same total dose of radiation in a single acute
      exposure. The effects of small daily fractions were additive, suggesting that
      doses as small as 1 rad are mutagenic in human lymphoblasts. Similar results were
      observed when resistance to trifluorothymidine, indicative of thymidine kinase
      deficiency, was used as a mutational marker. When 6TGR frequency was plotted
      against days of irradiation, a positive linear slope was observed for all dose
      groups. The values of these slopes were plotted against x-ray dose in rads/day to
      construct a dose-response relationship for 1-10 rads. A linear increase in
      mutation frequency was observed over this dose range, with no apparent threshold.
      The slope of this linear increase was 0.060 X 10(-6) 6TGR cell per rad. These
      results suggest that, for human lymphoblasts, the mutagenic risk of low doses of
      x-rays can be accurately estimated by linear extrapolation from high-dose
      effects.

PMID- 3856886
TI  - One hundred base pairs of 5' flanking sequence of a vaccinia virus late gene are
      sufficient to temporally regulate late transcription.
AB  - A vaccinia virus late gene coding for a major structural polypeptide of 11 kDa
      was sequenced. Although the 5' flanking gene region is very A+T rich, it shows
      little homology either to the corresponding region of vaccinia early genes or to
      consensus sequences characteristic of most eukaryotic genes. Three DNA fragments
      (100, 200, and 500 base pairs, respectively), derived from the flanking region
      and including the late gene mRNA start site, were inserted into the coding
      sequence of the vaccinia virus thymidine kinase (TK) early gene by homologous in
      vivo recombination. Recombinants were selected on the basis of their TK-
      phenotype. Cells were infected with the recombinant viruses and RNA was isolated
      at 1-hr intervals. Transcripts initiating either from the TK early promoter, or
      from the late gene promoter at its authentic position, or from the translocated
      late gene promoters within the early gene were detected by nuclease S1 mapping.
      Early after infection, only transcripts from the TK early promoter were detected.
      Later in infection, however, transcripts were also initiated from the
      translocated late promoters. This RNA appeared at the same time and in similar
      quantities as the RNA from the late promoter at its authentic position. No
      quantitative differences in promoter efficiency between the 100-, 200-, and 500
      base-pair insertions were observed. We conclude that all necessary signals for
      correct regulation of late-gene expression reside within only 100 base pairs of
      5' flanking sequence.

PMID- 3856887
TI  - Prenatal expression of a lethal genetic defect in carbohydrate metabolism in
      mice.
AB  - Mouse fetuses homozygous for the lethal cab (cardiac abnormal) mutation are
      characterized by pleiotropic effects that lead to immediate postnatal death.
      Mutant fetuses have only 4% of the normal amount of hepatic glycogen and 39% of
      the normal cardiac glycogen reserve, coupled with lower specific activities of
      glycogen synthase and phosphorylase. Analysis with the periodic acid-Schiff
      reagent histochemical stain demonstrated that cab homozygotes also have reduced
      amounts of structural polysaccharides. One of the most distinctive mutant
      phenotypic traits is severe prenatal hypoglycemia, with average (+/-SEM) plasma
      glucose concentrations of 0.35 +/- 0.14 mM in late fetuses compared to 3.47 +/-
      0.69 mM in normal littermates. Compromise of glucose transport from dam to fetus
      or altered cellular glucose utilization was considered as a possible basis for
      the low extracellular and intracellular (hepatic) levels of glucose in mutants.
      Transport of the glucose analogue alpha-methyl[14C]glucoside by the placenta of
      cab homozygotes is normal. However, metabolism of [14C]glucose by mutant cells
      yields only 20% of the normal amount of 14CO2. This reduced efficiency of glucose
      metabolism is correlated with lower ATP concentrations in mutant organs. Aberrant
      glucose utilization may account for the pleiotropic features of the cab syndrome.

PMID- 3856888
TI  - Isolation and analysis of cDNA clones expressing human lupus La antigen.
AB  - Several cDNA clones of the La antigen recognized by certain lupus autoantibodies
      were isolated from lambda gt11 expression libraries made from human liver.
      Recombinant clones were used to hybrid-select HeLa cell mRNA that was
      subsequently translated in vitro into a single protein species that comigrated
      with HeLa cell La protein. The in vitro translated protein was reactive with anti
      La patient sera and was identical to the authentic La protein by peptide mapping.
      By analyzing overlapping cDNA clones, we mapped an antigenic site of La protein
      at the terminal 12% of the carboxyl end of the molecule. Within this region we
      identified a unique decapeptide of high hydrophilicity that may constitute a La
      antigenic determinant. We further demonstrated that the La antigen expressed from
      the recombinant clones can be used in a definitive enzyme-linked assay (ELISA)
      for the classification of sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3856889
TI  - In vivo solvent-suppressed localized hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy: a window to metabolism?
AB  - Solvent-suppression NMR techniques are combined with a pulsed magnetic field
      gradient and surface coil detection method of spatial localization. The result is
      a technique that enables observation of metabolites in the hydrogen (1H) NMR
      chemical-shift spectra from preselected disk-shaped volumes of biological tissue
      in vivo. Localized spectra are recorded from the normal human brain and forearm
      and from a dog in acquisition periods of 2 s using a 1.5-T imaging/spectroscopy
      system. This is several hundred-fold faster than acquiring similar state-of-the
      art 31P NMR spectra of brain metabolites in vivo. Spectroscopy experiments are
      followed by conventional surface coil imaging sequences to precisely define the
      selected volume. Contamination of spectra by lipid resonances is a problem.

PMID- 3856890
TI  - Alkylating agent resistance: in vitro studies with human cell lines.
AB  - Development of in vitro resistance to HN2 (also called mustargen or
      mechlorethamine hydrochloride), N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea (BCNU), and
      cisplatin [cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)] was achieved in two human cell
      lines, the Raji/Burkitt lymphoma and a squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. A
      10- to 20-fold increase in resistance relative to the parental line was achieved
      in 3-4 months of continuous selection pressure. At this time, further increase in
      selection pressure resulted in cell death, while removal of drug led to rapid
      loss of resistance. However, by holding selection pressure constant over 8-12
      months, semistable clones ranging in resistance up to 8- to 12-fold were
      obtained. The half-life for resistance loss upon removal of drug was 2-3 months.
      In the presence of intermittent low concentrations of the alkylating agent,
      resistance has been maintained in excess of 9 months. With one exception, the
      growth kinetics of the resistant clones were slightly slower than those of the
      parental lines. Cross-resistance studies were performed against HN2, BCNU,
      cisplatin, phenylalanine mustard, and hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. There was, in
      general, a lack of cross-resistance. We conclude that stable resistance to
      alkylating agents is produced with difficulty. We propose that these semistable
      cloned human tumor lines represent clinically relevant models for the study of
      alkylating agent resistance and that the cross-resistance patterns among these
      cells have important therapeutic and mechanistic implications.

PMID- 3856891
TI  - Laminin is associated with the "neurite outgrowth-promoting factors" found in
      conditioned media.
AB  - Conditioned media (CMs) from many cell types contain a factor that can adsorb to
      a polycationic substratum and cause neurons plated on that substratum to extend
      neurites rapidly and profusely. The extracellular matrix glycoprotein laminin,
      when bound to a substratum, elicits a similar response by neurons. In this
      report, six CMs that contain a "neurite outgrowth-promoting factor" were studied.
      Immunoprecipitation with affinity-purified anti-laminin antibodies demonstrated
      that laminin is present in all of them, and when it was selectively removed,
      there was a corresponding loss of neurite outgrowth-promoting activity in each
      CM. Antibodies to purified laminin failed, however, to block the outgrowth
      promoting activity of five of the CMs tested, even though these antibodies
      blocked the outgrowth-promoting activity of purified laminin in the same assay.
      This result could reflect differences in amino acid sequence or protein
      modification between CM-derived laminin and the purified laminin used in
      generating antibodies. Alternatively, it could reflect the fact that other
      molecules bind to laminin in CMs and could interfere with the binding of
      antibodies to sites on laminin that are important for biological activity.

PMID- 3856892
TI  - Signal enhancement in distal cortical dendrites by means of interactions between
      active dendritic spines.
AB  - Pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex characteristically give rise to an
      apical dendrite, whose distal dendritic branches in layer I are covered with
      spines. These spines are known to be sites of synaptic connections, but the
      physiological properties of the spines and the functional significance of their
      responses are still largely unknown. The main function attributed thus far to
      these synaptic responses, situated at a great distance from the neuronal cell
      body, is slow background modulation of impulse output in the axon. In pursuing
      computer simulation analysis of electrical properties of dendrites, we have
      obtained results suggesting interactions between distal dendritic spines. If the
      heads of dendritic spines have excitable membrane properties, the spread of
      current from one or several spines could bring adjacent spines to their
      thresholds for impulse generation. This could give rise to a sequence of spine
      head action potentials, representing a saltatory propagation, from one or more
      excitable spine heads to nearby excitable spine heads, in the distal dendritic
      branches. Both the amplification due to several spine action potentials and the
      possibility of propagation into more proximal branches would increase the
      efficacy of distal synaptic inputs. Because of nonlinear dependence upon several
      modifiable parameters (such as spine stem resistance and membrane excitability)
      and upon the spatio-temporal pattern of synaptic input, such contingent synaptic
      enhancement would be particularly relevant to cortical functions underlying
      information processing and to plasticity underlying learning and memory.

PMID- 3856893
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on estradiol-17 beta induced luteolysis in the
      nonpregnant ewe.
AB  - Nonpregnant ewes were assigned as they came into estrus to one of the following
      randomized treatment groups: 1) Vehicle (1 ml corn oil) + Vehicle (buffer), 2)
      Estradiol-17 beta + Vehicle (buffer) or Estradiol-17 beta + PGE1 in buffer. Ewes
      were unilaterally ovariectomized on day 8 postestrus and an intrauterine cannula
      was installed in the uterine horn adjacent to the remaining luteal-bearing ovary.
      Buffer of PGE 1 (500 micrograms) in buffer was infused intrauterine every 4 hours
      from day 8 through day 15. Luteolysis was initiated by giving an intramuscular
      injection of estradiol-17 beta (500 micrograms) on days 9 and 10. Chronic
      intrauterine infusions of PGE1 maintained jugular progesterone through day 15 and
      weights of corpora lutea and progesterone in corpora lutea on day 15 although
      luteolysis was initiated by estradiol. It is concluded that chronic intrauterine
      infusions of PGE1 can prevent an estrogen-induced premature luteolysis.

PMID- 3856894
TI  - Platelet thromboxane synthesizing activity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes:
      correlation with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic treatment.
AB  - Since elevated thromboxane A2 synthesis could be expected to lead to
      microvascular injury in diabetic patients, it is important to determine the
      relationship between thromboxane A2 synthesis and diabetic microvascular
      complications. In the present study, the activity of thromboxane A2 synthesis in
      platelets was assessed in 57 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients by
      measuring the conversion of exogenously added 14C-arachidonic acid into 14C
      thromboxane B2. The activity of thromboxane synthesis was significantly higher in
      diabetic patients than in 16 age-matched control subjects (2.61 +/- 0.07 vs 1.95
      +/- 0.12 microgram . 10(9) platelets-1 . 3 min-1, respectively, p less than
      0.001). When the diabetic patients were divided into three groups (nil,
      background, and proliferative retinopathy) on the basis of severity of diabetic
      retinopathy, there was a trend to increased thromboxane synthesizing activity as
      diabetic retinopathy develops. However, no statistically significant changes were
      demonstrated among these three groups. In the diabetic patients, a positive
      correlation was found between thromboxane synthesizing activities and
      glycosylated hemoglobin values (biochemical indicator of long-term glycemic
      control), but not between the activities and plasma glucose levels. To ascertain
      the effect of desirable diabetic treatment on thromboxane synthesizing activity
      in platelets, 9 newly diagnosed patients and 6 poorly controlled patients were
      examined. During treatment, all patients had declining plasma glucose and
      glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Thromboxane synthesizing activities in 6 patients
      treated by insulin decreased significantly during treatment (3.16 +/- 0.17 to
      2.49 +/- 0.22 microgram . 10(9) platelets-1 .3 min-1, p less than 0.01), but 9
      diabetic patients treated by diet or sulphonylureas still maintained their
      elevated thromboxane synthesizing activity levels (2.76 +/- 0.24 to 2.66 +/- 0.25
      microgram . 10(9) platelets-1 .3 min-1,NS). These results suggest that the
      increased thromboxane synthesizing enzyme system is involved in the abnormal
      platelet function in diabetes independently of diabetic retinopathy, and that
      appropriate metabolic control using insulin might be successful in lowering the
      increased thromboxane synthesizing activity.

PMID- 3856895
TI  - Differential hemodynamic effects of leukotriene D4 in anesthetized rats:
      evaluation by directional pulsed Doppler technique.
AB  - Leukotriene D4 (LTD4) is the major constituent of slow-reacting substance of
      anaphylaxis (SRS-A). Cardiovascular depression and hypotensive shock represent
      the major manifestations that attend systemic anaphylaxis. To further evaluate
      the hemodynamic effects of LTD4, we measured blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR)
      and blood flow (BF) (directional pulsed Doppler flowmeter) to different vascular
      beds (hindquarter, mesenteric and renal) of the urethane-anesthetized rat. LTD4
      (3, 10 and 30 micrograms/kg, i.v.) caused a dose-dependent increase in BP: 15 +/-
      3, 20 +/- 4 and 24 +/- 2 mm Hg, respectively, which was maximum after 2 min and
      returned to control level at 10 min; HR was not significantly altered. BF to
      different vascular beds was differentially altered: mesenteric (-59%) greater
      than hindquarter (-38%) greater than renal (-10%). Vascular resistance (VR)
      increased by 195, 85 and 40% in mesenteric, hindquarter and renal beds,
      respectively. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (2-5 mg/kg, i.v.) injected
      after LTD4 increased BP, reversed the decrease in BF and the increase in VR in
      the mesenteric and hindquarter vascular beds. These data suggest that LTD4
      receptors are unevenly distributed in various vascular beds and that the
      splanchnic area is particularly vulnerable to anaphylaxis-induced ischemia.
      Furthermore, Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) might be useful to antagonize
      the hemodynamic consequences mediated by SRS-A or leukotriene.

PMID- 3856896
TI  - The role of prostaglandin E2 in seminal immunosuppression.
AB  - Seminal plasma, which has high antigenic potential and the capacity to induce
      immunosuppression, has been incriminated as a possible factor in the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Seminal plasma contains high concentrations of
      prostaglandins, which are capable of inducing immunosuppression. As prostaglandin
      E2 is noted for its immunosuppressive actions, we designed this study to
      determine whether this prostaglandin is responsible for seminal
      immunosuppression. Diluted and undiluted samples of semen from 5 heterosexual
      donors induced a significant suppression of phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated
      thymidine incorporation into lymphocytes. However, when the prostaglandin E2
      levels of the semen samples were extrapolated to a standard prostaglandin E2 dose
      response curve, the estimated values did not agree with the prostaglandin E2
      levels. We conclude that prostaglandin E2 may contribute to seminal
      immunosuppression, but is not solely responsible for it.

PMID- 3856897
TI  - A difference in prostaglandin E2 synthesis between cancer cells metastasizing
      into liver and kidney.

PMID- 3856898
TI  - Effect of fractionation and rate of radiation dose on human leukemic cells, HL
      60.
AB  - The capacity of HL-60 cells, human acute promyelocytic leukemic cells established
      in culture, to repair sublethal radiation damage was estimated from the response
      of the cells to fractionated irradiation or to a single irradiation at different
      dose rates. The HL-60 cells grown as a suspension culture in RPMI 1640 medium
      supplemented with 10% calf serum and antibiotics showed a cloning efficiency of
      about 0.46 in an agar culture bed. After exposure of cells to a single dose of X
      rays at a dose rate of 78 rad/min, the survival curve was characterized by n =
      2.5, Dq = 80 rad, and D0 = 83.2 rad. Split-dose studies demonstrated that the
      cells were able to repair a substantial portion of sublethal radiation damage in
      2 hr. The response of the cells to irradiation at different dose rates decreased
      with a decrease in the dose rates, which could be attributed to repair of
      sublethal radiation damage. The radiation response of leukemic cells is only one
      of the many factors which affect the clinical outcome of total-body irradiation
      (TBI) followed by bone marrow transplantation. Nevertheless, the possibility that
      some of the malignant hemopoietic cells, if not all, may possess a substantial
      capacity to repair sublethal radiation damage should not be underestimated in
      planning total-body irradiation followed by bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 3856899
TI  - Effects of synthetic leukotriene D-4 on the local regulation of blood flow in
      human subcutaneous tissue.
AB  - Prostaglandin E-1 and E-2 acts as vasodilators partly through inhibition of
      sympathetic nerves and partly through a direct action on smooth muscle. To
      elucidate the mechanisms of LTD-4 induced vasodilation, the vascular smooth
      muscle dependent auto-regulation of blood flow and the sympathetic reflex
      mechanism of the "vasoconstrictor reflex" was investigated in humans. Blood flow
      was measured in subcutaneous tissue after injection of 133-Xenon 1) alone, 2)
      mixed with lidocaine 20 mg/ml for sympathetic blockade, 3) mixed with PGE-2 0.1
      ug/ml and 4) mixed with LTD-4 in concentrations of 5 and 20 microM. Blood flow
      was kept constant during elevation by 20 cm above heart level (preserved
      autoregulation) except after injection of PGE-2 and LTD-4 20 microM where a
      significant decrease was observed (defective smooth muscle function). During
      lowering by 45 cm, a decrease in blood flow by 50% was observed in experiment 1.
      This response was blocked by lidocaine and PGE-2, partially blocked by LTD-4 20
      microM but unaffected by LTD 5 microM. LTD-4 affects vascular smooth muscle
      function but does not affect sympathetic reflexes in concentrations which does
      not have a direct smooth muscle action.

PMID- 3856900
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin E1 or E2 (PGE1; PGE2) on luteal function and binding of
      luteinizing hormone in nonpregnant ewes.
AB  - Two studies were conducted to determine the effects of PGE1 or PGE2 on luteal
      function and binding of luteinizing hormone (LH) to luteal cell membranes in
      nonpregnant ewes. In Study I, ewes (n=5 per group) received an injection of
      vehicle (VEH) or 333 micrograms of PGE1 or PGE2 into the tissue surrounding the
      ovarian vascular pedicle (intrapedicle) on day 7 postestrus. Systemic
      progesterone concentrations of PGE1-treated ewes were greater (P less than 0.01)
      than those of VEH-treated ewes at 24 and 48 hr after injection. For PGE2-treated
      ewes, progesterone concentrations were greater (P less than 0.01) than for VEH
      treated ewes only at 24 hr. Neither PGE1 nor PGE2 affected luteal weights or LH
      binding capacity at 48 hr. Treatment with PGE1, however, increased (P less than
      0.10) endogenously bound LH at this time. In Study II, ewes (n=5 per group)
      received an intrapedicle injection of VEH, or 10 mg of PGE1 or PGE2 on day 8
      postestrus. Systemic progesterone concentrations in PGE1-treated ewes were less
      (P less than 0.01) than for VEH-treated ewes at 24 hr, but by 72 hr were not
      different from those of VEH-treated ewes. For PGE2-treated ewes, systemic
      progesterone declined steadily to reach low values by 72 hr. Prostaglandin E2 had
      no effect on luteal binding of LH at 72 hr, whereas PGE1 increased (P less than
      0.05) LH binding capacity and endogenously bound LH. Although PGE2 had no
      apparent affect on luteal binding of LH in these studies, PGE1 may enhance the
      function of ovine corpora lutea by stimulating an increase in their binding of LH
      and capacity to bind LH when the CL receives a luteolytic signal.

PMID- 3856901
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on estradiol-17 beta-induced luteolysis in the
      nonpregnant ewe.
AB  - Fifteen ewes were assigned as they came into estrus to the following randomized
      treatment groups: 1) Vehicle (1 ml corn oil + vehicle Na2CO3 buffer), 2)
      Estradiol-17 beta + vehicle and 3) Estradiol-17 beta + PGE2 (500 micrograms) in
      Na2CO3 buffer (5 ewes/treatment group). Prostaglandin E2 was given through an
      intrauterine cannula every four hours from days 8 through 15 postestrus. PGE2
      prevented a luteolytic dose of estradiol-17 beta given on days 9 and 10 from
      causing a precocious luteolysis. PGE2 maintained concentrations of progesterone
      in peripheral blood (days 8 through 15) and weights and concentrations of
      progesterone in corpora lutea on day 15 postestrus of ewes receiving estradiol-17
      beta. It is concluded that chronic intrauterine infusions of PGE2 can prevent an
      estradiol-17 beta-induced premature luteolysis.

PMID- 3856902
TI  - Prostaglandins involvement in the formation of luteinized unruptured follicles in
      the cyclic female rat.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to study the role played by prostaglandins
      in advanced ovulation and in the formation of luteinized unruptured follicles
      (LUF) in cyclic female rats. Dose related effects on ovulation were observed in
      rats given LH on diestrus 2 at 16.30. A significant positive correlation was
      observed between the number of postovulatory corpora lutea (POCL) and the
      increasing doses of LH. By contrast the number of LUF was negatively correlated
      with LH. Indomethacin treatment by 6h30 after administration of an ovulatory LH
      dose significantly increased the occurrence of LUF at the expense of POCL.
      Conversely PGF2 alpha when administered by 6h30 after a subovulatory LH
      stimulation enhanced in a dose dependent manner the number of POCL with respect
      to the LH treated controls. Under a similar treatment with a subovulatory dose of
      LH, PGE2 remained without ovulatory effects. The mechanisms of the formation of
      LUF are discussed on the basis of these results.

PMID- 3856903
TI  - Plasma levels of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2 after vaginal application of a new
      PGE2 film.
AB  - To determine the release and absorption profile of prostaglandin E2 from a new
      vaginal film formulation containing 850 micrograms PGE2, serial plasma levels of
      13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2 were measured by radioimmunoassay in pregnant women
      between 16 and 18 weeks gestation. A control group, using placebo vaginal film
      was included in the study. There was a somewhat uniform increase in the plasma
      levels of the PGE2 metabolite, reaching peak levels between 4 and 6 hours after
      application of the film. The findings suggest that this drug formulation could be
      used clinically when slow constant release of the prostaglandin is required over
      a period of hours such as in pre-induction cervical ripening of term pregnancy.

PMID- 3856904
TI  - Menstrual-PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and TXA2 in normal and dysmenorrheic women and their
      temporal relationship to dysmenorrhea.
AB  - Although it has been demonstrated that primary dysmenorrhea is associated with
      elevated levels of PGF2 alpha in the menstrual fluid, little is actually known of
      the menstrual-PG profiles of either dysmenorrheic or normal women. In this study,
      menstrual fluid from normal and dysmenorrheic women was collected from tampons
      and extracted for PG-like substances. The PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and TXA2 content was
      analyzed by RIA. This study demonstrates that dysmenorrheics have significantly
      higher levels/concentrations of menstrual-PGF2 alpha and PGE2 than do normal
      women, and that there is no difference in the menstrual-PGF2 alpha : PGE2 ratio
      between the two groups. Also, there is no significant difference in the
      amount/concentration of menstrual-thromboxane between dysmenorrheic and normal
      women. Of the parameters considered, the levels/-concentrations of menstrual-PGF2
      alpha, PGE2 and TXA2, dysmenorrheic pain correlates best with the rate of
      menstrual-PGF2 alpha release.

PMID- 3856905
TI  - Synthesis and biological properties of 16(S)-amino-PGF2 alpha methyl ester.
AB  - A synthesis of 16-amino-derivatives of PGF2 alpha is reported. Introduction of an
      amino group into position 16 of PGF2 alpha has decreased the sensitivity of the
      compound to metabolic degradation. 16(S)-amino-PGF2 alpha methyl ester shows high
      abortifacient activity with reduced diarrhoeic side effect.

PMID- 3856907
TI  - Ultrastructural and histochemical observations regarding the ovarian follicles of
      the amago salmon (Oncorhynchus rhodurus).
AB  - Pre- and postovulatory ovarian follicles of the amago salmon were investigated
      with special consideration given to the steroid production site. In the
      preovulatory specimens, the special thecal cells contained abundant mitochondria
      and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, as in the case of other steroid-producing
      cells, while the granulosa cells developed rough endoplasmic reticulum like
      protein-secreting cells. Remarkably ultrastructural changes occurred in the
      granulosa and the special thecal cells during the oocyte maturation stage;
      dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the former cell and further
      development of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the latter one. Histochemical
      reactions of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) activity
      were only positive in the special thecal cells of the postovulatory follicles.
      These results strongly suggest that the special thecal cells are the major sites
      of estrogen precursor synthesis in the amago salmon ovary.

PMID- 3856906
TI  - Reduction of testicular testosterone levels in rats by prostaglandin E2.
AB  - The effect of intratesticular administration of prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGF2 alpha
      and PGD2 on rat testes testosterone levels were studied. The intratesticular
      administration of PGE2 or PGD2 markedly decreased the testicular testosterone
      levels in rats. The decrease of testosterone concentration in rat testis was not
      obtained by PGF2 alpha. In the incubation experiment, PGE2 reduced the release of
      testosterone from fragment rat testis. These results suggest that PGE2 acts on
      androgen biosynthesis in rat testes.

PMID- 3856909
TI  - Medical manpower: how many physicians can Rhode Island absorb?

PMID- 3856908
TI  - [Second-trimester abortions induced by dinoprost].
AB  - The authors evaluated the usefulness of prostaglandin F2 alpha in inducing second
      trimester abortions in two consecutive groups of patients. Progressive and
      fractionated intracervical instillation of 10 ml of Tylose gel containing 10 mg
      of Prostine F2 alpha is the least traumatic method of uterine evacuation in the
      majority of cases (18 out of 24 cases). Advantages of this method consist of the
      ease with which it can be performed, that it may be repeated on subsequent days,
      and that there have been no serious complications. In case of failure, the
      authors recommend using an intraamnionic injection (usually performed only once)
      of 40 mg of Prostine F2 alpha diluted in 20 ml of normal saline solution. This
      more involved method requires an experienced physician and ultrasonography, but
      is very effective (31 cases out of 3). Exceptionally, this can be repeated after
      a several day interval if the initial injection fails (2 out of 3). These methods
      avoid recourse to surgery (except in the case of uterine scarring) in the
      induction of second trimester abortions.

PMID- 3856910
TI  - The Committee on Impaired Physicians of the Rhode Island Medical Society.

PMID- 3856911
TI  - Family-oriented treatment of alcoholism.

PMID- 3856912
TI  - Overcoming barriers to identification and referral of alcoholics in a general
      hospital setting: one approach.

PMID- 3856913
TI  - [Temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome in facial dysmorphism. Surgical
      indications].
AB  - The abnormalities of occlusion are the main reason of the T. M. J. disorders.
      Often minor, they may be major as encountered in the facial dysmorphoses. For
      that reason we were led to indicate a surgical correction of these malformations,
      mainly in a functionnal goal. Each of the five cases illustrates one different
      point of that problem.

PMID- 3856914
TI  - [Surgical treatment of temporomandibular joint syndromes].
AB  - This analysis of replies to a questionnaire raises three questions: Is surgery
      indicated in the treatment of this syndrome? What are the factors on which the
      indication for surgery should be based? If surgery is indicated what type of
      operation should be performed? Complications of surgery are discussed.

PMID- 3856915
TI  - [Anatomical lesions of the condylar head in a case of temporomandibular joint
      syndrome].
AB  - Radiography in a patient with this syndrome showed marked lesions in the condylar
      head. Histology after condylectomy showed alterations throughout the condyle with
      associated arthrosic and osteonecrotic lesions. Possible relations between the
      two processes are discussed, the extensive nature of the necrosis suggesting that
      this is the initial lesion.

PMID- 3856916
TI  - [Sequelae of condylar fractures in the experience of the department and that of
      medical expertise].
AB  - Statistical analysis was conducted on findings in 104 cases of fractures in the
      condylar region and 25 patients examined to determine degree of incapacity as a
      result of these types of fracture. Data obtained illustrated the adverse effects
      of ascending ramus shortening, and the improvement obtained after surgical
      restoration of its height whenever this was indicated. Long-term follow up
      surveillance is also necessary after high subcondylar fractures with impaction of
      the ascending ramus because of the risk of external temporomandibular ankylosis.

PMID- 3856917
TI  - [Maxillofacial manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].
AB  - 46 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome permit the authors to detail the
      particular aspects of the oral and facial lesions in AIDS. In patients at risk, a
      lymphadenopathic syndrome is thought to represent a prodromic phase of the
      illness. The authors insist upon the differences between the classic Kaposi's
      sarcoma and that associated with the AIDS (mean age and initial sites of tumor).
      One third of these sarcomas is completed by a digestive candidiasis. The review
      of the literature reveals squamous cell carcinoma and Burkitt's lymphoma with the
      AIDS. We must be aware of early diagnosis and transmission factors in the
      individuals at risk with tumors and opportunistic infection.

PMID- 3856918
TI  - [Solitary plasmocytoma of the mandible].
AB  - The authors present a case of solitary bony plasmocytoma of the mandibule, with
      local amyloid deposition. Diagnosis was made at extemporaneous pathological
      examination, then confirmed by the examination of the fixed surgical sample.
      Immunoenzymologically the proliferation proved to be monoclonal, with secretion
      of kappa light chain. The patient was treated by surgical curettage and
      homologous cancelous bone filling, followed by 5,500 rads of electrontherapy. He
      was then regularly controlled during 8 years and remained free from local
      recurrence. All investigations in search of dissemination (Kahler disease)
      remained negative.

PMID- 3856919
TI  - [Maxillofacial localization of Burkitt's lymphoma. Apropos of 5 cases].
AB  - Five children presented with a Burkitt's lymphoma localized to the maxillofacial
      region. The disease and its clinical manifestations are reviewed briefly, and the
      frequency of this tumor in Tunisia is emphasized. The Tunisian Burkitt tumor
      appears to be an intermediate entity between the "non-endemic" form and the
      African form.

PMID- 3856920
TI  - [Stylohyoid syndrome. Apropos of a case].
AB  - Authors report a case of stylohyoid syndrome (Eagle's syndrome) caused by the
      curvation of the shaft of the styloid process that impigies on the internal
      carotid artery. Stylohyoid syndrome should be considered when inspecting the
      differents diagnosis of facial pain. Diagnostic work up is made from
      transpharyngeal styloid process palpation and X ray examinations. Amputation of
      the styloid process by a pharyngeal approach gives good results.

PMID- 3856921
TI  - [Intravascular papillary hemangioendothelioma. 4 case reports with oral
      localization].
AB  - The authors report four cases of papillary intravascular haemangioendothelioma of
      P. Masson located on the mucosa of the cheek, lip or tongue. They always
      presented as a painless submucosal blueish nodule, more or less elevated and
      firm, appearing as a thrombosed angioma. As a rule, the size was less than one
      centimeter. Pathological examination shows an angiomatous papillary neoformation,
      enclosed within a swollen veinous cavity. Diagnosis is easy on an operative
      specimen. However, on a small biopsy specimen, a capillary angioma, or a
      malignant haemangioendothelioma may be more difficult to eliminate. Surgical
      removal, even partial, will allow complete healing.

PMID- 3856923
TI  - Effect of antibody preparations on glucose uptake by a cariogenic Streptococcus.
AB  - The effect of antisera to whole cells or cell wall components on glucose uptake
      by S. mutans 6715 was examined. Early stationary phase 6715 cells were treated
      with test serum and incubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of 14C-glucose.
      Samples were removed at timed intervals and measured in a liquid scintillation
      counter for radioactive uptake. Antisera to both whole cells and components known
      to be present on the surface of the cells reduced glucose uptake relative to
      normal serum. It is suggested that inhibition of glucose uptake may be one
      mechanism by which a caries vaccine may operate.

PMID- 3856924
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic study of Streptococcus mutans BHT lysed by
      lysozyme.
AB  - The effects of purified salivary lysozyme (HSL) and hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL)
      on the surface structure of Streptococcus mutans BHT were studied with the aid of
      scanning electron microscopy. In parallel experiments bacteriolysis was monitored
      by liberation of 3H-thymidine incorporated into the bacteria. Control cells
      maintained their shape and had intact cell walls during the experimental period.
      Exposure of the cells to HSL (5.0 U/ml) or HEWL (5.0 micrograms/ml) for 3 and 18
      h resulted in progressive destruction of cell structure. Some cells exhibited
      ruptures of the cell walls on top of spherical swellings, predominantly located
      at the ends of the bacteria. After 18 h the majority were disrupted in the septal
      area leaving numerous empty cup shaped cell walls in the preparations. The
      findings of the electron microscopic examination were confirmed in the
      biochemical assay.

PMID- 3856922
TI  - Relationships between carbonate, sex and other macroelements in human whole
      enamel.
AB  - Enamel samples were prepared from 40 teeth and CO3, P, F, Ca, Mg and Zn
      concentrations were determined. The carbonate concentration was higher in women
      than in men (P = 0.018), otherwise no sex dependence was found. Positive
      correlations were found between CO3 and Mg (P = 0.001). These relations should be
      taken into consideration when the solubility of enamel is studied.

PMID- 3856925
TI  - pH and the effect of NH4Cl on human gingival fibroblasts.
AB  - pH variations in the range from 6.9 to 7.9 modified the growth rate of human
      gingival fibroblasts in culture, a pH optimum being found at 7.6-7.8. A pH
      dependent growth inhibition by ammonia was evident, being particularly prominent
      in the presence of 2 mM NH4Cl. At this concentration an effect ranging from a
      complete cessation of growth at pH 8.0 to an indication of a slight stimulatory
      effect at pH 7.2 was found. Concomitant with this amplification of the growth
      inhibitory effect, a state of unbalanced growth in the sense of an increased
      cellular protein content was induced by ammonia upon increasing the pH of the
      medium. The incorporation of 14C-proline into the total protein fraction
      decreased rapidly, particularly in the control cultures, with pH; an inhibition
      by ammonia being found at pH 7.0 and 7.5 with no effect at pH 7.1. Except for
      part of the inhibition by ammonia, changes in specific activity of 14C-proline in
      the cellular amino acid pool could ac count for these pH effects. Ammonia reduced
      the proportion of radiolabeled protein recovered as collagen both from the cells
      and medium at the lower pHs, whereas the only significant effect on noncollagen
      protein was an increased fraction being secreted at pH 7.1 in the presence of 10
      mM NH4Cl.

PMID- 3856926
TI  - Electron probe study of human and red deer cementum and root dentin.
AB  - A topographical description of the concentration profiles of Ca, P, Mg, Zn, F, S,
      and K in human and red deer cementum and root dentin is given. The concentrations
      reported should be regarded as semiquantitative values. A downward slope of the
      Ca, P and Mg profiles toward the pulpal cavity seemed largely to correspond with
      the secondary dentin. Marked elevations of the Zn profiles, modest elevations of
      the F profiles, and in a few instances of the S profiles, toward root surface and
      pulpal cavity were registered. In a couple of scans a slight elevation of the K
      profile toward the root surface ws observed. A high degree of concordance in
      human and red deer teeth was ascertained.

PMID- 3856927
TI  - Evaluation of a simplified diagnostic aid (Oricult-N) for detection of oral
      candidoses.
AB  - The validity of a simplified diagnostic aid, Oricult-N, for detection of oral
      candidoses was compared with smears stained according to the periodic acid
      Schiff's method. Samples were taken from 80 locations in 36 patients with lesions
      suspected for candidal infection. There was a statistically significant
      correlation between the two methods (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 3856928
TI  - Incisor and jaw relationship in 27 persons with osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - The incisor relation and craniofacial morphology, as evaluated from lateral
      cephalograms, were studied in 14 women and 13 men with osteogenesis imperfecta. A
      negative overjet was found in one woman and five men, and for the total material
      a mesial basal jaw relationship was observed. Data for both women and men
      indicated that skeletal discrepancies had been partially compensated for by the
      incisor inclination. Probably, persons with osteogenesis imperfecta may be
      regarded as a potential high-risk group for development of malocclusion.

PMID- 3856929
TI  - Dose reduction by field size trimming in rotational panoramic radiography.
AB  - A substantial dose reduction may be obtained for patients in need of frequent
      retakes with rotational panoramic radiography by reducing the width and height of
      the film area irradiated. An electronic timer was connected to the circuit of an
      Orthopantomograph 5 (Siemens) whereby exposure times could easily be selected in
      the range 5-15 s. Vertical extracollimation was provided. With the field size
      reduced to encompass the developing dentition only, about 60% reduction in
      integral absorbed dose was obtained using standard (Siemens special) screens.
      With rare earth (Titan HS) screens a reduction of 85% was obtained in integral
      absorbed dose and absorbed doses to the thyroid gland and eye lens were reduced
      by 70-79% and 80-89%, respectively. The doses thus obtained were equal to or less
      than those reported with a single dental film in speed Group D.

PMID- 3856930
TI  - Cytotoxicity of corroded and non-corroded dental silver amalgams.
AB  - The cytotoxicity of one conventional and four non-gamma 2-amalgams was studied in
      a cell culture system, using the Millipore filter method. Before testing set
      amalgam specimens were kept in distilled water or in artificial saliva at pH 4,
      5, or 7 for up to 28 wk to produce a corrosion layer on the test surface. Non
      corroded set amalgam specimens was also tested. None of the noncorroded, set
      amalgams showed any sign of surface accumulation of cytotoxic products whereas
      the corroded amalgams showed varying degrees of cytotoxicity. Generally, the non
      gamma 2-amalgams gave a more pronounced cytotoxic effect than the conventional
      amalgam. When the corrosion procedure was carried out at pH 7, the various non
      gamma 2-amalgams showed different degrees of cytotoxicity. It appears that the
      difference in cytotoxic effect between the non-gamma 2-amalgams and the
      conventional amalgam as well as the differences among the various non-gamma 2
      amalgams could be related to variation in the retention of corrosion products
      deposited on the amalgam surface.

PMID- 3856931
TI  - Maximum contents of mercury in dental silver amalgams.
AB  - The maximum content of mercury forming intermetallic compounds has been
      determined in dental amalgams prepared from alloys with different copper
      contents. In amalgams made from alloys with silver contents less than about 42%
      there is a risk of occurrence of free mercury if an effective condensation
      technique has not been used.

PMID- 3856932
TI  - Enzyme activity and protein patterns as premalignant markers in mucosal biopsy
      specimens from the large intestine.
AB  - Total enzyme activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and lactate
      dehydrogenase (LD) was measured in homogenates of resected biopsy specimens and
      in endoscopic biopsy specimens. LD isoenzyme patterns were scanned by a laser
      technique after agarose gel electrophoresis. Examinations were performed in
      homogenates of premalignant lesions such as ulcerative colitis and adenomas of
      the colon, with normal mucosa and carcinomas as control material. Additionally,
      two-dimensional electrophoretic protein patterns were compared for normal mucosa,
      adenomas, and carcinomas of the large intestine. The mean activity of both G6PD
      and LD was highest in the presence of dysplasia; however, only G6PD activity
      seemed independent of inflammatory changes. The percentage of LD isoenzyme M
      monomers was significantly higher in homogenates of specimens with dysplastic
      changes than in specimens with only inflammatory changes. A positive correlation
      was found between total LD isoenzyme M monomers and LD 5 monomers for the whole
      material and for each of the histological subgroups of ulcerative colitis. A
      positive correlation between total LD activity and the percentage of LD 5
      monomers was seen only for dysplastic, adenomatous, and malignant tissues. The
      several hundred protein spots seen on two-dimensional protein maps showed that
      most of the spots were common for normal mucosa, adenomas, and carcinomas, but
      differences were also seen. Polyps and carcinomas had strikingly similar protein
      patterns, different from that of normal mucosa. The results of the two
      dimensional protein electrophoresis lend further support to the hypothesis that
      polyps are precursors of carcinomas of the large intestine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3856933
TI  - The pancreatic ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis and sclerosing cholangitis.
AB  - Endoscopic retrograde pancreatograms were examined in a consecutive series of
      patients with cholestatic disease caused either by primary biliary cirrhosis
      (PBC) (35 patients) or by sclerosing cholangitis (SC) (38 patients). The
      pancreatic ducts were abnormal in three of the patients with PBC but in none with
      SC. Gallstone disease occurred concomitantly in the two patients with most
      advanced pancreatic involvement. The liver disease was classified as advanced PBC
      in 11 of the 35 patients. Symptoms of hepatobiliary disease were scarce in most
      SC patients. Eight of the 38 patients had histologically verified biliary
      cirrhosis. SC was associated with extensive, but most often inactive or mild,
      colitis in 97% (ulcerative colitis in 34 and Crohn's disease in 3 patients).
      Three of these patients had concomitant cholangiocarcinoma.

PMID- 3856934
TI  - Follow-up and prospective studies of the classification of liver disease.
AB  - Two hundred patients with different liver diseases were observed during a period
      of 6-8 years. The diagnosis at the first hospitalization was based on
      morphological criteria (and, in some cases, additional clinical information). In
      162 of the cases an initial 'specific' diagnosis could be made. By the time of
      the follow-up study the diagnosis was confirmed in 73% of them. In 22 of 38
      patients who were initially unclassifiable, the diagnosis was made definite by
      the follow-up study. Eighty-five patients were hospitalized for re-examination 6
      8 years after the initial study. Several of the liver diseases initially had
      quite typical patterns of clinical chemical data. Allocation by discriminant
      analysis was therefore in good agreement with the morphological classification.
      The follow-up study showed that several patients with initially atypical patterns
      of clinical chemical results had their diagnosis changed. In 35 patients with the
      final diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) or primary biliary cirrhosis
      (PBC), laboratory data from the last hospitalization were used for discriminant
      analysis with teaching data from the initial study. Ninety-seven per cent were
      correctly allocated, and we conclude that these patients retain recognizable
      patterns of laboratory results for several years, even when given
      immunosuppressive treatment. The potential clinical usefulness of discriminant
      analysis of laboratory data for differential diagnosis was evaluated by a
      prospective study of 65 patients with the morphological diagnosis of CAH or PBC.
      Correspondence with the morphological classification system was found in almost
      90% of the cases.

PMID- 3856935
TI  - Chronic active hepatitis. Experience from a Norwegian reference hospital during a
      decade.
AB  - During the decade from 1 January 1971 to 31 December 1980. 90 hospitalized
      patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of chronic active hepatitis (CAH). An
      aetiological agent was identified in 13 of the patients: hepatitis B virus
      infection in 6 and a drug in 7. The other 77 cases were assumed to be idiopathic.
      The mean age at presentation was 32 years, and 66 (73%) of the patients were
      female. The patients have been followed up until death or until 31 December 1981.
      The mean observation period was 114 months. Twenty-five (28%) patients died. 19
      of them of liver disease. Complications or signs of portal hypertension were
      observed in 62%. Of the 18 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding 15 had a
      portal-systemic shunt performed. Associated diseases in other organ systems were
      observed in 16 (18%) of the patients. Pronounced biochemical activity was found
      in 80 (89%) of the patients. Immunosuppressive therapy was started in 84 (93%),
      either as corticosteroids alone (40 patients) or in combination with azathioprine
      (44 patients). Azathioprine was later withdrawn in 29 (66%), in 6 because of side
      effects and in 20 because of clinical and biochemical improvement.
      Corticosteroids were withdrawn in 22 (26%), in 2 because of side effects and in
      18 because of improvement. In 35 of the 45 patients in whom discontinuation was
      attempted, the treatment had to be reinstituted. Eight of the patients on
      combined therapy could discontinue both immunosuppressive drugs.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3856936
TI  - The incidence of chronic active hepatitis in Norway. A retrospective study.
AB  - From all departments of internal medicine in Norway information has been
      collected about new cases of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) diagnosed during
      1981. A questionnaire together with copies of histological examination reports
      and discharge summaries have been carefully examined to ensure that established
      diagnostic criteria were fulfilled. Of the 63 reported cases, 58 were recorded as
      CAH. An aetiological agent was identified in nine cases; six were HBsAg-positive,
      two were alcohol-induced, and one drug-induced. The other 49 cases were assumed
      to be idiopathic. The incidence of CAH of all causes was 1.41 per 100,000; of
      idiopathic CAH, 1.19 per 100,000; and of HBsAg-positive CAH, 0.15 per 100,000.
      The mean age was 51 years, and a third of the patients in the idiopathic group
      were 65 years or older at presentation. In this group about 71% of the patients
      had autoantibodies, and 61% had serum aminotransferase levels more than five
      times and 46% more than ten times the upper reference range. The proportion of
      the different aetiological agents was different from what has been reported in
      other studies. The activity of the disease, judged by the serum level of
      aminotransferase, was more pronounced than reported in other investigations. This
      may indicate that only relatively severe cases of CAH were subjected to liver
      biopsy.

PMID- 3856937
TI  - Effect of high-density lipoproteins on cholesterol efflux and esterification in
      lipid-enriched human skin fibroblasts.
AB  - The ability of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to reduce the cholesterol content
      was studied in cultured fibroblasts enriched with cholesterol esters. Incubation
      of cholesterol-enriched cells with HDL in a final concentration of 1 g protein/l
      for 24 h reduced the total and esterified cholesterol content by 23% as compared
      with control fibroblasts incubated with albumin. Similar cholesterol efflux was
      obtained with HDL isolated from lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)
      deficient plasma. The HDL3 subfraction isolated by rate-zonal ultracentrifugation
      contained the major part of the cholesterol-depleting effect. HDL or HDL3
      decreased CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity to 5% of the level
      found in control fibroblasts within 8 h of incubation. These findings suggest
      that ACAT activity is sensitive to a pool of intracellular cholesterol, which can
      be mobilized by the addition of HDL to the culture medium, and that ACAT activity
      is a useful measure of cholesterol efflux from cultured fibroblasts.

PMID- 3856938
TI  - Synthesis and secretion of lipoprotein lipase by human monocyte-derived
      macrophages.
AB  - Human monocytes isolated from either defibrinated blood or buffy coat were shown
      to produce and secrete lipoprotein lipase during culture. The secretion occurred
      constitutively. Low levels of enzyme activity in the medium from freshly isolated
      cells increased with time of incubation, and maximal activity was attained after
      9 days. The addition of heparin resulted in a substantial increase of enzyme
      activity in the culture medium. The optimal concentration of heparin was about 2
      U/ml. The production of lipoprotein lipase was dependent on the presence of serum
      in the culture medium, and the optimal supplementation of serum was 25-50%.

PMID- 3856939
TI  - Ferrochelatase deficiency in the bone marrow in a syndrome of congenital
      hypochromic microcytic anemia, hyperferremia, and iron overload of the liver.
AB  - Two sisters had congenital hypochromic microcytic anemia with hyperferremia,
      heavy iron deposits in the liver, and reduced bone marrow iron. Liver
      ferrochelatase activity was within normal limits, but in the bone marrow
      ferrochelatase activity was only 20% of that in healthy controls. There were no
      findings suggestive of lead intoxication, sideroblastic anemia, or erythropoietic
      protoporphyria.

PMID- 3856940
TI  - Collagenous colitis. A clinical, histological, and ultrastructural study.
AB  - Eleven patients with so-called collagenous colitis are described and the
      literature reviewed. The disease presents with persisting watery diarrhoea in
      middle-aged subjects, predominantly women. The fairly uniform clinical features
      of abdominal discomfort are suggestive of the irritable bowel syndrome. The
      morphological changes in colorectal biopsy specimens are diagnostic, showing an
      excessive intercryptal subepithelial collagen deposition throughout the large
      bowel. Associated hyperplasia, degeneration, and desquamation are seen in the
      intercryptal epithelial cells and a mild inflammatory response in the lamina
      propria. A comparable collagenization has not been demonstrated in other
      disorders, but otherwise the changes demonstrated histologically and
      ultrastructurally are of a quantitative nature. Collagenous colitis is unrelated
      to other diseases and the cause unknown. It has either a benign, continuous
      course or exacerbations and remissions. Loperamide relieved diarrhoea in five of
      six patients. The collagen deposition seems to be slowly progressive, but
      clinical and histopathological resolution may occasionally be seen.

PMID- 3856941
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Clinical, immunological, pathological,
      and microbiological studies of the first case diagnosed in Norway.
AB  - The first case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Norway, diagnosed
      in January 1983, is presented, with results of clinical, immunological, and
      microbiological studies and the results of autopsy. Immunological studies showed
      several immunological abnormalities, including a profound deficiency of the T
      cell system of the type usually associated with AIDS. During the 11 months of
      symptomatic disease the patient had a series of opportunistic infections,
      including recurrent candida esophagitis, probable Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia,
      and severe and recurrent perioral Herpes simplex virus infection. During the last
      months he had increasing signs and symptoms of disseminated cytomegalovirus
      infection, which was probably the major cause of death, as revealed by autopsy.
      Autopsy also showed the presence of disseminated infection with a slowly growing,
      so far unclassified Mycobacterium species, and signs of a focal aspergillus
      pneumonia.

PMID- 3856942
TI  - [Salivary gland infarction--a diagnostic case for pathologists and clinicians].

PMID- 3856943
TI  - [Incidence and causes of dental caries in young children--results of a survey in
      German-speaking Switzerland].

PMID- 3856944
TI  - [Proximal caries in students of the school dental clinic in Aarau].

PMID- 3856945
TI  - [Undermining resorption of the 2d deciduous molar by the permanent molars as a
      microsymptom of hereditary dentition disorders].

PMID- 3856946
TI  - [The phenomenon of culture: its significance, its development, its goal, its
      relationship to professional activities].

PMID- 3856947
TI  - [Hematopoietic foci as a cause of cystoid mandibular lesions].

PMID- 3856948
TI  - Myocardial infarction in young adults--etiology, prognosis, and follow-up.

PMID- 3856949
TI  - The American health care industry: where we've been, where we're going.

PMID- 3856950
TI  - Appendiceal intussusception.

PMID- 3856951
TI  - Gene therapy guidelines revised.

PMID- 3856952
TI  - Medical consequences of eating disorders.
AB  - While much has appeared in the recent literature about various psychotherapeutic
      techniques used to treat eating disorders, little attention has been paid to the
      medical complications. Prominent among these are heart damage, failure of the
      endocrine system, infarction and perforation of the stomach after acute
      dilatation, multiple suicide attempts, aspiration, injury or rupture of the
      esophagus, severe bleeding per rectum causing anemia due to laxative abuse,
      hypokalemic nephropathy, depressive disorders due to starvation, and severe
      erosion of the enamel of the teeth resulting in extensive loss of teeth. I decry
      the sudden trend of nonmedically trained personnel rushing into the treatment of
      eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa and bulimia, because they know
      little about the possibly fatal consequences of their failure to attend to some
      of these medical phenomena. I also note with grave concern the identification of
      the medical profession with the "thin is better" mentality of our culture, which
      blinds them to the serious medical consequences of eating disorders.

PMID- 3856953
TI  - Isolation and genetic characterization of human KB cell lines resistant to
      multiple drugs.
AB  - Human KB cell lines resistant to high levels of colchicine were isolated by
      several successive single-step selections. Most of these selection steps resulted
      in cross-resistance to vincristine, vinblastine, adriamycin, actinomycin D, and
      puromycin; however, at the highest levels of colchicine resistance, increased
      cross-resistance to other drugs was not observed. There was no major change in
      protein synthesis or alteration in protein phosphorylation or [14C]glucosamine
      labeling patterns accompanying the development of multiple drug resistance as
      measured by analysis of metabolically labeled proteins on SDS gels. Cell-cell
      hybridization experiments showed that the colchicine-resistant and multiple drug
      resistant phenotypes were incompletely dominant. In addition, colchicine
      resistance was found to segregate independently from resistance to other drugs in
      one somatic cell hybrid, suggesting that complex genetic loci are involved in the
      development of the multiple drug-resistant phenotype. These mutants should be
      useful for the study of the clinically important problem of multiple drug
      resistance in human cancer.

PMID- 3856954
TI  - Complementation analysis of locus for hypoxanthine guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase in Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - The study deals with intragenic complementation between clones of Chinese hamster
      cells carrying mutations in the HPRT gene. All clones were of independent origin,
      selected in media containing one of three purine bases: 8-azaguanine (8 AG), 6
      mercaptopurine (6MP), or 6-thioguanine (6TG). Some of the clones were
      spontaneous, others were induced by various mutagens. To make the study less time
      consuming, an experimental set-up was proposed for simultaneous complementation
      testing of up to 10 clones. As a result, about 400 combinations of clones have
      been analyzed. Twelve pairs of complementating mutants have been identified in
      HAT medium. A linear complementation map has been constructed for the HPRT locus,
      showing five complementation groups. The changes in kinetic and other
      characteristics observed for mutant HPRT show that all the mutants studied carry
      structural gene mutations. Analysis of the biochemical characteristics of HPRT
      has revealed considerable differences between mutant enzymes in clones belonging
      to different complementation groups (three groups were examined). At the same
      time, the four mutant clones of complementation group II show similar HPRT
      characteristics, suggesting a relative similarity of their structural variants of
      the enzyme. The hybrid nature of HPRT in clones resulting from the fusion of
      mutant cells confirms the intragenic nature of complementation.

PMID- 3856955
TI  - Chromosomal localization of three human ras genes by in situ molecular
      hybridization.
AB  - Three human ras family protooncogenes, c-Ki-ras-1, and c-Ki-ras-2, and N-ras,
      have been mapped to chromosome bands 6p11-12, 12p11.1-12.1, and 1p11-13,
      respectively by in situ molecular hybridization. Certain human cancers display
      consistent and specific alterations involving chromosomes 1, 6, and 12. The
      precise chromosomal localization of ras genes will permit evaluation of the
      possible effect of these chromosome changes on the structure and activities of
      ras protooncogenes in human neoplasia.

PMID- 3856956
TI  - The limited role of splenectomy in patients with leukemia.
AB  - Splenectomy is a valuable method of management of approximately 80 per cent of
      patients with hairy cell leukemia who have hypersplenic complications develop;
      operation can be performed with minimal morality and morbidity. Removal of the
      spleen also provides useful palliation in patients with chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia who have symptomatic splenomegaly or autoimmune hemolytic anemia;
      success is less predictable when operation is performed for thrombocytopenia.
      Splenectomy is linked with a high mortality and is of little benefit in patients
      with chronic granulocytic leukemia except when operation is performed as a
      prerequisite to bone marrow transplantation. Several patients with acute leukemia
      who have signs of splenic infarction and intra-abdominal bleeding develop had a
      short survival period after splenectomy.

PMID- 3856957
TI  - High frequency jet ventilation in tracheopleural fistula: case report.

PMID- 3856958
TI  - [Genetic predisposition for cancer. Illustrated by a case of hereditary
      retinoblastoma].

PMID- 3856959
TI  - [Family clustering of leukemia/lymphoma. Genetic predisposition in a multi-factor
      genesis of cancer].

PMID- 3856960
TI  - HLA-A and -B (but not -C, -Bw4, Bw6 or -DR antigens) are expressed on purified
      spermatozoa.
AB  - HLA-A and -B antigens have been found in purified spermatozoa using a double
      fluorescence cytotoxicity technique and specific absorptions. HLA-C, -Bw4, Bw6
      and -DR antigens have not been found using the same techniques. Controversial
      results regarding HLA expression on spermatozoa have been presumably obtained
      because of a lack of both seminal cell purification and an appropriate more
      accurate cytotixicity technique. The presence of HLA antigens on seminal cells
      may be of relevance to explain the postulated immunosuppressive alloimmunization
      which may occur in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

PMID- 3856961
TI  - Brief summary of Ninth International Histocompatibility Workshop.

PMID- 3856962
TI  - Expression of red cell antigens by K562 human leukemia cells before and after
      induction of hemoglobin synthesis by hemin.
AB  - We studied the red cell antigens present on K562 human leukemia cells before and
      after induction of hemoglobin synthesis by hemin. The fetal antigens i, IF, and
      IT were detected on uninduced cells. While expression of both i and IT antigens
      increased after hemin induction, expression of IT was closely related to fetal
      hemoglobin synthesis as determined in experiments in which the induction was
      reversed. The EnaFR, NVg, and T antigens of glycophorin A were also present on
      uninduced cells. In contrast, the M and Pra antigens of glycophorin A, the Kell
      system antigens, and the P1 antigen became detectable only after hemin induction.
      Antigens of other major red cell systems were not detected.

PMID- 3856963
TI  - Cytokinetic studies in acute leukemia during early induction therapy.
AB  - The proliferative activity of bone marrow blasts was determined in 19 patients
      with acute leukemia during early induction therapy using in vitro tritiated
      thymidine (3H-TdR) cytoautoradiography and propidium iodide DNA flow
      cytofluorometry. Following 1-3 causes of treatment, the aliquot of bone marrow
      blasts in 9 patients, who later achieved remission or marrow aplasia, was reduced
      to a greater extent that of the remaining 10 patients who failed to respond. In
      the first group of patients, the 3H-TdR labeling index was increased by 259-653%
      over the pretreatment value, whereas it was lower than 104% of the pretreatment
      value in all but one unresponsive patient. Leukemic blast recruitment is
      conceivable. It might have facilitated remission by increasing the effectiveness
      of the antileukemic agents administered later.

PMID- 3856964
TI  - [The Kleine-Levin syndrome. Periodic hypersomnia and hyperphagia with abnormal
      behavior].

PMID- 3856965
TI  - Increased conception rate in dairy cows after PGF2 alpha.

PMID- 3856966
TI  - [Leukocytopheresis in leukemia].

PMID- 3856967
TI  - [Dermatoglyphic markers of hereditary predisposition in patients with peptic
      ulcer, chronic gastritis and cholecystitis].

PMID- 3856968
TI  - [Various induction therapies in older patients with acute myeloid leukemias].
AB  - Due to unmanageable complications the results of high-dose chemotherapy for
      remission induction were significantly worse in a group of elderly patients with
      AML than for younger ones (greater than vs. less than 50 years: CRR 44% vs. 78%,
      p = less than 0.005). Hence, different induction schedules were studied for older
      patients with AML. A high response rate to low-dose cytosine-arabinoside (LD-CAR)
      was observed in myeloblastic and promyelocytic leukaemias, but the complete
      remission rate was low. Induction treatment with VP 16-213, aclacinomycin,
      cytosine-arabinoside and thioguanine resulted in a high complete remission rate
      (69%). Toxic side effects cannot be excluded in individual cases. These results
      justify prospective studies to evaluate the significance of the efficacy of these
      induction schedules.

PMID- 3856969
TI  - [Specific chromosome aberrations in 3 patients with Burkitt-like leukemia (Fab:
      L3)].
AB  - Karyotype analysis using the Tri-staining-technique (Chromomycin A3/Distamycin
      A/DAPI) and subsequent DAPI/AMD staining (Schweizer, 1981) was performed on the
      bone marrow and peripheral blood of three patients with "Burkitt-like" acute
      lymphatic leukaemia (FAB: L3). In two patients we found the specific
      translocation t(8;22). One patient displayed in addition a structural abnormality
      of chromosome 9, visualized with C-banding using the DA/DAPI stain, and in two
      patients we found specific abnormalities of chromosome 1. Several patterns of the
      abnormal chromosome 1 revealed an intercalated DA/DAPI positive C-band in the
      elongated long arm.

PMID- 3856970
TI  - [Treatment of purulent meningitis with ceftriaxone].

PMID- 3856971
TI  - [The effect of ceftriaxone on the blood coagulation parameters of intensive care
      patients].

PMID- 3856972
TI  - [Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. A comparative study of 244 patients with
      colonic diseases].

PMID- 3856973
TI  - [Ceftriaxone in pediatric surgery].

PMID- 3856974
TI  - [The antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone and evaluation criteria for an agar
      diffusion test with ceftriaxone].

PMID- 3856975
TI  - [The activity and tolerance of ceftriaxone in the treatment of severe surgical
      infections].

PMID- 3856976
TI  - [Ceftriaxone-concentrations in heart tissue. Preliminary results].

PMID- 3856977
TI  - [Tumor-associated markers as organ-specific antigens of human seminal plasma. I.
      Immunologic studies].
AB  - We could demonstrate that some constituents of the human seminal plasma must be
      regarded as organ-specific substances; these are known as characteristic tumor
      markers in connection with other subjects. Accordingly, the occurrence of the
      tumor markers Ca 19-9tm, CEA and Ca 12-5tm in samples of normal human seminal
      plasma shows that these materials must be defined in this case as organ
      characteristic markers. We report on different quantitative distribution of these
      markers and give evidence that the Ca 19-9 antigen only occurs in persons
      positive with respect to Lewis' blood group.

PMID- 3856978
TI  - [Pain therapy in the recurrence of colorectal cancer].
AB  - After exploiting all causal therapies there are other therapeutic methods only
      for soothing, viz. anodyne drug therapy using peripheral or central efficient
      analgesics, opiates and opioids as well. Procedures with destructing the pain
      sensitive nerve path (chemical neurolysis using a method like conduction
      anaesthesia) and blockage of the sympathetic trunk and plexus coeliacus are
      preferred against intrathecal rhizolysis. Operative: Percutaneous cervical
      chordotomy. If insufficient analgesia results by these methods patients may get a
      peridural long acting catheter for applying local anaesthetics and/or
      opioide/opiate. Special importance is attached to the psychological care of all
      these patients.

PMID- 3856979
TI  - Previous cytology in patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - The cytologic history of 346 patients presenting with invasive carcinoma of the
      cervix was reviewed. A total of 74 patients (21%) reported that cervical cytology
      had been performed in the five years prior to presentation; confirmation of the
      cytologic history was obtained in 65 cases. Smears were available for review in
      34 cases; of 28 smears originally reported as negative, 20 were found to be
      abnormal on review. The possible reasons for the failure of cytologic detection
      in these patients are discussed.

PMID- 3856980
TI  - Incidence of actinomycetes infection in women using intrauterine contraceptive
      devices.
AB  - Pancervicovaginal smears taken from 350 women using an intrauterine contraceptive
      device (IUD) were screened for the presence of actinomycetes organisms. Of the 12
      cases in which actinomycetes-like organisms were seen in Papanicolaou-stained
      smears, the presence of actinomycetes organisms was confirmed by
      immunofluorescence in 10 cases. The prevalence of actinomycetes infection was
      thus 2.8% (10 of 350 cases) in the IUD users. Eight (4.3%) of 173 symptomatic
      subjects had actinomycetes infections. Two of the positive cases were
      asymptomatic. Eight of the ten patients with confirmed actinomycetes infection
      were using the Cu T device while two were wearing the Lippes Loop IUD. Seven of
      the ten patients had been using an IUD for more than two years. The time of
      insertion of the IUD (postpuerperal, postmenstrual or after medical termination
      of pregnancy) did not show any correlation with the presence of actinomycetes
      infection. Actinomyces israelii was responsible for the infection in eight cases
      while Arachnia propionica was seen in two cases. The organisms could not be grown
      in culture.

PMID- 3856982
TI  - Urinary cytology of tuberculosis of the bladder.
AB  - The cytologic findings in the urinary sediment of 13 patients with tuberculosis
      (TB) of the bladder were compared with the histologic findings. TB was
      cytologically recognized in 11 patients because of the presence of epithelioid
      and/or Langhans' giant cells. The morphologic deviations of the urothelial cells
      and the urothelium were classified according to the criteria of Koss. The type I
      atypical urothelial cells found in ten patients were correlated to the urothelial
      hyperplasia found at histology; the follow-up data documented the benign
      reversible nature of the urothelial hyperplasia as the focal expression of the
      reactive potential of urothelium to various forms of inflammatory processes. The
      presence of type II atypical urothelial cells reflected moderate and severe
      atypia of the urothelium at biopsy. In order to assess the reactive, reversible
      or precancerous nature of these forms of atypia associated with TB, an accurate
      follow-up is necessary. Since TB of the bladder may cause the presence of
      atypical cells in the urine, this lesion is of special interest in the
      differential diagnosis between inflammatory processes and carcinoma.

PMID- 3856981
TI  - Urinary cytology for carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder.
AB  - The urinary cytologies of 14 nonpapillary carcinomas in situ of the urinary
      bladder were reviewed. Cytologic malignancy was often diagnosed before any
      clinical manifestation or cytoscopic lesion could be perceived. The cytologic
      characteristics of this lesion as previously described in the literature were
      confirmed: the background was usually clean and the tumor cells were numerous and
      relatively monomorphic, with many atypias. Taking into consideration the
      limitations discussed, urinary cytology should be regarded as having great
      accuracy in the early diagnosis of in situ carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

PMID- 3856984
TI  - Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the female urethra.
AB  - Malignant cells were found in the urine of a 54-year-old woman. The papillary
      tumor subsequently removed from the posterior wall of the urethra proved to be a
      clear-cell adenocarcinoma. The cytologic, histologic and ultrastructural features
      of this tumor were very similar to clear-cell adenocarcinomas arising in the
      female genital tract, suggesting a possible Mullerian origin of this neoplasm.

PMID- 3856983
TI  - Cytodiagnosis of endometrial malignant mixed mesodermal tumor.
AB  - The accuracy of endometrial aspiration smears obtained with the Isaacs cell
      sampler in the diagnosis of malignant mixed mesodermal tumors (MMMT) was compared
      to the results obtained with routine cervical and vaginal smears in five cases of
      MMMT found in a series of 220 endometrial aspirations. Cervical and vaginal
      smears previously taken on these patients were positive for adenocarcinoma or
      MMMT in two cases and suspicious for adenocarcinoma in the remaining three cases.
      Endometrial aspirates were positive for MMMT in three cases and positive for
      adenocarcinoma or MMMT in two cases. The endometrial aspiration smears contained
      a variety of cells: malignant glandular, squamous, spindly stromal,
      undifferentiated, osteoid and tumor giant cells; chondrocytes and free psammoma
      bodies were also observed. These cases indicated that endometrial aspiration can
      accurately detect the heterologous cellular elements found in MMMT and is an
      effective technique in its diagnosis.

PMID- 3856985
TI  - Pneumatosis cystoides gastrica associated with adenocarcinoma of the stomach.
AB  - This paper reports the finding of benign foreign-body-type multinucleated giant
      cells and clumps of adenocarcinoma cells in gastric brushing cytology specimens
      of a case confirmed by radiology and histology as pneumatosis cystoides gastrica
      associated with an ulcerated carcinoma. Pneumatosis cystoides gastrica should be
      included in the differential diagnosis of benign multinucleated giant cells found
      in gastric cytology smears.

PMID- 3856987
TI  - Diagnostic accuracy of lung cytology: terminology.

PMID- 3856986
TI  - Possible spread of bronchogenic carcinoma to the chest wall after a transthoracic
      fine needle aspiration biopsy. A case report.
AB  - Spread of tumor along the needle tract following aspiration biopsy with the so
      called "fine" needles (thinner than 18 gauge) is recognized to be an extremely
      uncommon complication of this technique. A case is presented in which such a
      spread appears to have occurred to the chest wall 13 months after a transthoracic
      aspiration biopsy of a bronchogenic tumor.

PMID- 3856988
TI  - Curschmann's spirals in equine endometrial washings.

PMID- 3856989
TI  - Urine eosinophilia in bladder cancer.

PMID- 3856990
TI  - Cytology of tracheobronchial amyloidosis.

PMID- 3856991
TI  - Storage of cerebrospinal fluid samples at room temperature.

PMID- 3856992
TI  - Multinucleated cells in bronchoalveolar lavage.

PMID- 3856993
TI  - Psammoma bodies in the aspiration cytology smears of an acinic-cell tumor.

PMID- 3856994
TI  - Osteosarcoma with multiple intramuscular metastases. A case report.
AB  - A 21-year-old man with an osteosarcoma in the proximal tibia was treated by
      amputation, radio- and chemotherapy. Besides pulmonary metastases, intramuscular
      metastases repeatedly developed. Cell culture studies of pulmonary and muscular
      tumors showed different sensitivity patterns for cytostatic drugs; the therapy
      may have selected different subpopulations of the primary tumor.

PMID- 3856995
TI  - The presence of bulimia in high school females.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to show that the appetite disorder bulimia is
      present in high school females. Previous research has shown the presence of
      bulimia in college women. The study was conducted using the entire female
      population of a large suburban, midwestern community high school. The Eating
      Disorder Inventory was used to identify the presence of bulimia. Data collected
      were classified for analysis using the bulimia scale as identified by the EDI.
      Using analysis of variance (ANOVA) these data were compared on each of the seven
      scales using bulimia diagnosis and age. The correlation was significant (.01) on
      five of the seven scales. It was concluded that there is a bulimic population at
      the high school level which includes females, ages 14-18. The percentages of
      bulimic females in categories of black, white and others were equal. This is
      significant because bulimia has not previously been recognized as present in the
      black population. Knowledge of the attitudes of bulimic students will help those
      professionals who work with adolescents to recognize bulimic behavior. Community
      referral agencies and individuals who can help the affected and provide support
      for the family should be identified and utilized.

PMID- 3856996
TI  - Ability and responsibility.

PMID- 3856997
TI  - Periodic acid-Schiff stain in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: lack of
      independent prognostic value.
AB  - The authors reviewed 250 consecutive children with ALL to determine if the
      periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) score was a useful, independent predictor of time to
      failure. PAS stains were scored from 0 to 400 and divided into low- and high
      score groups using a variance-ratio test (F test) to optimize any effect of PAS
      on prognosis. Although the effect of PAS score considered alone approached
      significance for time to failure, the PAS score lost all significance when the
      patients were divided into standard-risk and high-risk groups on the basis of
      peripheral white count, central nervous system involvement, mediastinal mass, or
      E-rosette positivity at diagnosis. A Cox regression analysis was performed on a
      subgroup of 198 patients for whom cytogenetic studies were also available. The
      PAS score again approached the level of significance when considered alone but
      was of no significance after the effects of peripheral white count,
      pseudodiploidy, mediastinal mass, and E-rosette positivity were removed. The
      authors conclude that the PAS stain has no independent prognostic significance in
      childhood ALL.

PMID- 3856999
TI  - Fighting fibrositis.

PMID- 3856998
TI  - Open lung biopsy in patients with acute leukemia.
AB  - The results of open lung biopsy in 15 patients with acute leukemia, pulmonary
      infiltrates, neutropenia, and fever were reviewed. The patients averaged 26
      hospital days of neutropenia and 20 hospital days of fever before open lung
      biopsy, and all patients received broad-spectrum antibacterial agents (mean 17
      days) before open lung biopsy. Nine (67 percent) received amphotericin B prior to
      open lung biopsy (mean 22 days). Open lung biopsy yielded a specific clinically
      helpful diagnosis in six patients, but only two of these patients survived the
      hospitalization during which open lung biopsy was performed. Open lung biopsy
      detected fungus in four patients and leukemic infiltrates in two patients.
      Management was appropriately modified in these patients. In nine patients, a
      specific diagnosis of the pulmonary infiltrate was not obtained by open lung
      biopsy. Antimicrobial regimens were not changed substantially for these patients.
      In six patients, the results of open lung biopsy may have been misleading. Two
      patients had pulmonary fungal diseases at autopsy, undetected by open lung biopsy
      eight days and five weeks prior to death. Another patient had invasive
      aspergillosis and one had cytomegalovirus pneumonitis not detected by open lung
      biopsy. Two patients had false-positive preliminary histologic reports of
      pulmonary infection. On the basis of this experience, in this specific population
      of patients, open lung biopsy was often of little help in directing medical
      therapy or influencing clinical outcome.

PMID- 3857000
TI  - Inhibition of fetal membrane prostaglandin production by prolactin: relative
      importance in the initiation of labor.
AB  - Production of a biologically active prolactin by human decidual tissue and its
      influence on the permeability of amniochorion to water suggests a functional
      relationship between the polypeptide and fetal membrane metabolism. Under in
      vitro circumstances, we used ovine prolactin and the Ussing chamber technique to
      determine the role of prolactin in prostaglandin E2 production by human fetal
      membrane. Fresh reflected membranes obtained from elective cesarean sections were
      exposed to ovine prolactin (10 micrograms/ml). Aliquots of incubation media were
      sampled at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes, quick-frozen, and later assayed for
      prostaglandin E2. Multifactorial analysis of variance revealed that ovine
      prolactin significantly reduced prostaglandin E2 production (f = 13.42, p less
      than 0.005). Prostaglandin E2 output was greatest by amnion (3581 +/- 596
      pg/ml/gm declining to 1819 +/- 452 pg/ml/gm during 4 hours). Other combinations
      of fetal membranes including amnion-chorion-decidua produced only 12% to 15%
      prostaglandin E2 per gram compared with that produced by amnion alone. Those
      membranes similarly responded to prolactin with a reduction in prostaglandin E2
      output of 34% to 59%. Correlation analysis identified a significant relationship
      between prostaglandin E2 production and time (r = 0.298; p less than 0.001),
      which was abolished by ovine prolactin (r = 0.115, p greater than 0.10). This
      model illustrates that ovine prolactin modifies the production of prostaglandin
      by fetal membranes in vitro. By analogy, endogenous prolactin by human decidual
      tissue might also inhibit the elaboration of prostaglandin E2 from its precursors
      residing within the fetal membranes.

PMID- 3857001
TI  - Cytologic diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma.

PMID- 3857002
TI  - Central and peripheral corneal swelling accompanying soft lens extended wear.
AB  - Central and peripheral corneal thickness changes were measured after 3 hr of eye
      closure with and without contact lens wear. Spun cast and lathe cut hydrogel
      extended wear lenses of -1.25, -6.00, and -9.00 D were used. Each of these
      conditions produced 25 to 50% less swelling in the peripheral than in the central
      cornea. Central swelling was greater with higher minus spun cast lenses, but not
      related to the power of the lathe cut lenses. Higher minus lens powers of both
      lens types produced greater peripheral swelling. Differences between central and
      peripheral swelling were smaller with the higher minus lenses, indicating little,
      if any, averaging of tear oxygen tension under the lens when the eyes are closed.
      The mechanism resulting in less peripheral corneal swelling is likely to be
      caused by an anatomical "clamping" at the corneal limbus.

PMID- 3857003
TI  - The effects of chin cup therapy on the mandible: a longitudinal study.
AB  - This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chin cup therapy on the
      mandible and its dentition in persons with skeletal Class III malocclusion. The
      patients selected for this study were Japanese females treated with the extraoral
      chin cup appliance. Both the control and treatment samples were obtained from
      Japanese Universities where the longitudinal data were gathered. Lateral
      cephalometric radiographs were taken on the average of every 6 months for the
      treatment group and every year for the control group. Ten treated patients and
      seven control patients were studied. The duration of chin cup therapy was
      variable but averaged 3 years 1 month. The cephalograms were digitized on an
      electronic screen, and a cephalometric analysis was recorded from a computer
      program. The rate change values were then compared with those of the control
      group to yield a comparison of changes in mandibular growth rate, direction, and
      pattern in the treatment group. Active and posttreatment effects were evaluated.
      All measurements for the rate of change of absolute mandibular length were
      reduced by 60% to 68% from the control rate of growth during therapy. The
      mandible exhibited less downward displacement relative to cranial base during
      treatment. The mandibular plane angle and the gonial angle closed with growth in
      the Class III control sample but were variable in the treatment group. The
      skeletal profile was improved with treatment. This study indicates that the chin
      cup may be a viable mode of treatment for the preadolescent and adolescent
      mandibular prognathism patients.

PMID- 3857004
TI  - Temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Report of a case.
AB  - Occlusal bite splint therapy and the application of sound principles of
      functional occlusion resulted in a definitive diagnosis and successful
      orthodontic re-treatment of a patient with chronic disorder of the left
      temporomandibular joint. This case report demonstrates that latent mandibular
      growth and orthodontic retention can produce anterior premature centric contacts.
      The anterior prematurities prevented the posterior teeth from occluding without
      the left condyle first dislocating from the glenoid fossa. Occlusal bite splint
      therapy allowed the mandible to move to a position of greater maxillomandibular
      stability, illustrating the need for anterior freedom for the mandible. The
      patient became asymptomatic 1 month after slight intrusion and changing of the
      axial inclination of the maxillary incisors, which provided a freedom of centric
      occlusion and allowed the condyle to seat in the fossa. TMJ radiographs supported
      the clinical findings.

PMID- 3857005
TI  - Bilateral congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors: a craniofacial and
      dental cast analysis.
AB  - The dental casts and cephalometric records of forty-three patients exhibiting
      bilateral congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors were evaluated to
      determine the nature and extent of any concurrent craniofacial and dental
      anomalies. The effects of bilateral orthodontic space closure were evaluated on a
      subsample of twenty-two cases. The data revealed normal dental arch length, arch
      width, overjet, and overbite, while significant tooth size discrepancies were
      found in several anterior and posterior teeth. Craniofacial deviations from
      normal included smaller maxillary length, smaller mandibular length, smaller
      anterior cranial base, and nasal bone. Vertical facial dimensions, both anterior
      and posterior, were significantly less, as was the mandibular plane angle. Soft
      tissue examination revealed a 10 degrees greater nasiolabial angle, which was
      increased a further 5 degrees as a result of a mean incisor retraction of 1.5 mm
      during space closure. The craniofacial anomalies noted in the present sample were
      similar to those seen in persons with clefts and may reflect a common etiology
      related to a developmental disturbance during fusion of the facial processes in
      utero. In the treatment of patients with bilateral congenital absence of
      maxillary incisors, mechanotherapy designed to open the mandibular plane,
      increase the vertical dimension, and move the maxillary posterior teeth forward
      is recommended in order to prevent worsening the Class III tendency and to
      minimize maxillary incisor and upper lip retraction. Most cases will require
      significant mesiodistal reduction in tooth size in order to achieve an optimal
      occlusion.

PMID- 3857006
TI  - Neuromuscular adaptation of craniofacial muscles to altered oral sensation.
AB  - Experimentally induced changes in oral sensation to the tongue altered the use of
      specific craniofacial muscles. An acrylic wedge was anchored to the maxillary
      teeth of ten adult rhesus monkeys, providing a tactile-pressure sensation to the
      dorsal surface of the tongue. Fifteen craniofacial and tongue muscles were
      studied by electromyography during the first 6 months of adaptation. The results
      showed that there was an overall shift in those muscles that were normally
      tonically active in the craniofacial region. Muscles of the suprahyoid region,
      the geniohyoid and digastric, as well as the platysma muscle of the face, and the
      lateral pterygoid muscle were tonically active in more animals after placement of
      the wedge. In contrast to the enhanced activity of mandibular and facial muscles
      that function during mandibular depression, only the anterior temporalis muscle
      in the superficial and deep region demonstrated more tonic activity. The
      superficial and deep masseter regions, as well as the medial pterygoid muscle,
      demonstrated no change in their EMG activity. Only the lip muscles and mentalis
      demonstrated increased activity, whereas the facial muscles with more vertically
      oriented fibers did not demonstrate any increased activity. These findings
      suggest that a change in the tactile stimulation to the tongue can induce a new
      balance in the level of activity of specific craniofacial muscles and that this
      altered neuromuscular pattern can remain throughout the first 6 months of
      adaptation.

PMID- 3857007
TI  - Effects of head position on intraoral pressures in Class I and Class II adults.
AB  - Variations in resting lip and tongue pressures and their relationship to
      alterations in head posture were investigated in subjects with Class I and Class
      II dental and skeletal morphology. Intraoral pressures were measured by means of
      transducers mounted in plastic carriers, customized for each subject from dental
      casts. Transducers were placed in the carriers to measure posterior lingual,
      anterior lingual, and labial pressures along the mandibular dentition. Ten Class
      I subjects and eleven Class II subjects participated. Pressures were recorded in
      natural head position, with 20 degrees of head extension and 20 degrees of head
      flexion. The Friedman two-way analysis of variance using ranked data was used to
      compare transducer location and head posture within skeletal classes. Anterior
      pressures were found to differ from posterior pressures in both classes. In Class
      I subjects, posterior lingual pressures were consistently different from labial
      pressures in all head positions. In Class II subjects, posterior lingual
      pressures differed from labial pressures in flexion and natural head positions,
      and from anterior lingual pressures in flexion and natural head positions. No
      increase in labial pressures with head extension was found in either Class I or
      Class II samples. Since every subject showed pressure changes with changes in
      head position, the influence of posture should be considered in studies on facial
      morphology and dental equilibrium.

PMID- 3857009
TI  - Quo vadis?

PMID- 3857008
TI  - Total mandibular alveolar osteotomy: an alternate choice to other surgical
      procedures.
AB  - Patients whose facial esthetics are not severely compromised but who need
      surgical intervention for the correction of a dentoskeletal problem can be
      treated by repositioning of the whole mandibular alveolar segment in the
      direction needed to allow for such correction. The challenge to achieve efficient
      and relatively stable results with the use of combined orthodontic and surgical
      methods has been met by the use of various surgical techniques. The lower total
      alveolar osteotomy is another viable surgical technique that could be considered
      when treatment is being planned in an orthognathic surgical case. Its
      indications, contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages are described, and
      cases are reported to exemplify problems that can be corrected with this
      approach.

PMID- 3857010
TI  - Genetic markers of an aboriginal Taiwanese population.
AB  - A group of Taiwan aborigines, the Toroko, was typed for 21 classical genetic
      loci. This is part of an ongoing program aimed at a comprehensive study of Taiwan
      aborigines. In this first paper a short summary of historical, archeological, and
      anthropological data in the literature is made, and results of the present survey
      are compared with older results from other aborigine tribes. An analysis of other
      neighboring populations from southeast Asia has also been carried out in order to
      give a preliminary answer to the question of origin of Taiwanese aborigines.
      Fifteen populations were studied for 13 loci by tree analysis, principal
      components, and isolation by distance. Tree analysis and principal component
      analysis gave results in fairly good agreement and indicate three major
      population clusters: a northeast cluster (Ainu, Korea, Japan, and Ryukyu); a
      southeast cluster (south China, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, Taiwan, and
      Toroko); and a third cluster including Malaya and Borneo. The positions of
      Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia are somewhat peripheral. Analysis of the
      tree shows some potential cases of convergence, perhaps owing to admixture, and
      of divergence. The analysis of isolation by distance shows that geographic
      propinquity is a reasonably good predictor of general similarity in this area.

PMID- 3857011
TI  - The validity of the distinction between bulimia with and without anorexia
      nervosa.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between bulimia in
      women with anorexia nervosa and bulimia of a similar severity in normal-weight
      women and to determine the support for the distinction between these two groups
      according to DSM-III criteria. Results indicated that bulimic women with anorexia
      nervosa (N = 59) and bulimic normal-weight women (N = 59) resembled each other on
      most variables and were more similar to each other than to women with anorexia
      nervosa who rigidly restricted food intake (N = 59). The results failed to
      support the diagnostic distinction between bulimia in anorexic women and bulimia
      of equal severity in normal-weight women.

PMID- 3857012
TI  - Tourette syndrome, pimozide, and school phobia: the neuroleptic separation
      anxiety syndrome.
AB  - The development of school phobia has been reported in some patients with Tourette
      syndrome treated with haloperidol. The author reports on a patient who developed
      school phobia on each of three trials with pimozide, a neuroleptic chemically
      similar to haloperidol, and proposes the term "neuroleptic separation anxiety
      syndrome." The syndrome is clinically indistinguishable from DSM-III criteria for
      school phobia (separation anxiety disorder). Tricyclic antidepressants may have a
      therapeutic or prophylactic effect. It is not known whether this neuroleptic side
      effect occurs in patients other than those with Tourette syndrome.

PMID- 3857013
TI  - Finger calluses in bulimia.

PMID- 3857014
TI  - Bulimia with self-induced vomiting after gastric stapling.

PMID- 3857015
TI  - Ventilation during CPR: two-rescuer standards reappraised.
AB  - Current American Heart Association standards for ventilation during two-rescuer
      CPR recommend that a 0.8- to 1.2-L breath be delivered in 0.5 second after every
      fifth chest compression. Delivering a high-volume breath over a brief inspiratory
      time (TI) may lead to hypoventilation and gastric insufflation in victims with an
      unprotected airway. We reasoned that lengthening TI would lower peak inspiratory
      pressure and peak inspiratory flow rate, and thus improve lung inflation. To
      study this possibility, a mechanical model of the airway and upper
      gastrointestinal tract was designed. A ventilator delivering a sinusoidal wave
      form was used to simulate artificial ventilation. A 0.8-L breath was delivered at
      0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 seconds at three lung compliances (CLs). Also, the effect of
      lengthening TI was studied with increased airway resistance. Lengthening TI
      improved lung inflation and decreased gastric insufflation at all CLs, but more
      so with normal CL than with decreased CL. This study demonstrates the need for
      evaluating alternative ventilatory patterns with longer TI during CPR.

PMID- 3857016
TI  - Dieting and binging. A causal analysis.

PMID- 3857017
TI  - [Metabolic and renal changes in lymphoproliferative syndromes of childhood].
AB  - Authors report five patients with lymphoproliferative diseases who suffered from
      metabolic and renal disorders hyperuricemia, hyperphosforemia, hyperkaliemia,
      hypocalcemia and azotemia) during initial phase of chemotherapy. They comment on
      measures to prevent these disorders and the need of hemodialysis in some cases.

PMID- 3857018
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cefotiam in humans.
AB  - After intravenous bolus injections of 0.5, 1, and 2 g of cefotiam to three
      healthy volunteers, the mean (+/- standard deviation) total plasma clearances
      measured for each dose were, respectively, 26.8 +/- 2.7, 22.8 +/- 0.8, and 17.8
      +/- 0.9 liters/h; the terminal elimination half-lives were 54.0 +/- 0.1, 68 +/-
      15, and 98 +/- 36 min; and the renal clearances were 16.0 +/- 2.9, 13.3 +/- 1.4,
      and 11.3 +/- 2.6 liters/h. The 24-h urinary recovery was independent of the dose
      and averaged 53% of the dose. After intramuscular administration of 1 g of
      cefotiam to three healthy volunteers, a mean (+/- standard deviation) peak
      concentration of 16.6 +/- 5.1 micrograms/ml was reached at 0.75 to 1 h post
      dosing. The concurrent intramuscular administration of lidocaine and cefotiam did
      not modify the kinetics of cefotiam. During a constant-rate infusion, the steady
      state plasma clearance decreased slightly when the infusion rate was increased.
      There was no trend towards accumulation of cefotiam in plasma during chronic
      treatment with 1 g intravenously every 12 h for 10 days.

PMID- 3857019
TI  - Enhancement by clofazimine and inhibition by dapsone of production of
      prostaglandin E2 by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro.
AB  - The effects of the antileprosy agents clofazimine and dapsone (1 to 10
      micrograms/ml) on the spontaneous and stimulated release of prostaglandin E2 (PG
      E2) by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) in vitro have been investigated.
      PMNL were obtained from normal adult volunteers and three patients with leprosy
      (two borderline lepromatous and one subpolar lepromatous leprosy). The synthetic
      chemotactic tripeptide N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP) at a
      concentration of 10(-7) M was used as the stimulant of PG E2 synthesis. None of
      the test agents at the concentrations used inhibited the binding of radiolabeled
      FMLP to PMNL. However, dapsone at 5 and 10 micrograms/ml inhibited the
      spontaneous and FMLP-induced release of PG E2 by PMNL. Clofazimine, on the other
      hand, significantly increased both the spontaneous and the FMLP-induced synthesis
      of PG E2 by PMNL. The enhancing effects of clofazimine on FMLP-mediated synthesis
      of PG E2 were particularly striking and were observed at concentrations of 1 to
      10 micrograms of the drug per ml. Measurements of PMNL spontaneous and FMLP
      induced synthesis of PG E2 in the presence of both clofazimine and dapsone (5
      micrograms/ml) indicated that the two drugs are mutually antagonistic. PMNL from
      both normal control subjects and patients with leprosy were equally sensitive to
      these effects of clofazimine and dapsone. The immunostimulatory and
      immunosuppressive properties of dapsone and clofazimine, respectively, may be
      related to the opposite effects of these agents on PG E2 synthesis in human
      leukocytes.

PMID- 3857020
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei to
      cefmetazole.
AB  - The in vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei
      to cefmetazole was studied by the agar dilution method. At a concentration of 16
      micrograms/ml or lower, 44 isolates (96%) of M. fortuitum and 8 isolates (40%) of
      M. chelonei were inhibited.

PMID- 3857021
TI  - Crystalline ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase of high integrity and
      catalytic activity from Nicotiana tabacum.
AB  - Crystalline tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
      carboxylase/oxygenase (EC 4.1.1.39) was prepared using a procedure which
      protected the enzyme from hydrolysis by endogenous proteases. Leaves were
      extracted in a buffered medium containing casein, leupeptin, and high
      concentrations of MgSO4 and NaHCO3. After filtration through ion-exchange resin
      to remove contaminants, the enzyme was concentrated by precipitation with
      polyethylene glycol and crystal formation was induced by low-salt dialysis. The
      crystalline enzyme had a measured specific activity of 1.7 mumol CO2 mg protein-1
      min-1, and about 93% of the enzyme could be activated with Mg2+ and CO2.
      Crystalline enzyme prepared in the absence of casein exhibited an activity which
      was only one-third of this rate and only about 70% of the enzyme could be
      activated with Mg2+ and CO2. Casein-extracted enzyme was resolved into distinct
      bands corresponding to the large (55,000) and small (14,000) subunits by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The large subunit of enzyme
      prepared according to the latter procedure was found to be composed of five
      different polypeptides of slightly decreasing molecular weight. Only about one
      third of the large subunits were of the 55,000 molecular weight type. No
      differences between the two preparations were observed in the Km (CO2) and
      apparent Km (ribulose bisphosphate).

PMID- 3857022
TI  - Characterization of phorbol diester binding to isolated cardiac myocytes.
AB  - There are specified and saturable binding sites for [20-3H]phorbol-12,13
      dibutyrate on enzymatically dissociated rat cardiac myocytes. At 37 degrees C,
      maximal binding occurs within 20 min, with a KD of 3.9 nM and Bmax of 0.275
      pmol/mg. [3H]Phorbol dibutyrate binding is blocked by 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol
      13-acetate but not by 4 alpha-phorbol or 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate.
      Dibucaine, tetracaine, chlorpromazine, and phospholipase C lowered phorbol
      binding through a competitive mechanism. Similarly, unsaturated (but not
      saturated) diacylglycerols competed with [3H]phorbol dibutyrate for the binding
      site. There was a progressive decline in specific binding of phorbol diesters to
      cardiac myocytes which occurred primarily during the first 3 weeks of postnatal
      life. Cardiac phorbol diester receptors may mediate protein kinase C-dependent
      effects on important cellular functions such as Ca2+ transport.

PMID- 3857023
TI  - [Modified env gene in Friend spleen focus forming virus--structure, origin, and
      its role in leukemogenesis].
AB  - Modified env gene or gp55 gene in Spleen Focus Forming Virus, polycythemic
      strain, K-1 was molecularly cloned and its structure was characterized gp55 is a
      fusion glycoprotein consisting of N terminal 2/3 of xenotropic virus-related gp70
      and C terminal half of F-MuLV p15E. A unique structure at the 3' and of the gp55
      gene with 6 base pairs + 1 base pairs insert was identified. Gp55 may be hooked
      by the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane of the SFFV-intected cells, and
      additional glycosylation on the cell surface may modify the growth regulation of
      the cells. Possible origin of SFFV-specific gp55 gene was discussed.

PMID- 3857024
TI  - [Drug administration in combination for management of cancer].
AB  - The use of drugs in combination for the management of cancer patients aims at the
      increased therapeutic advantage by elimination the problem of the heterogeneous
      sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer drugs, and by delaying or preventing
      the development of drug resistance within given tumors. Theoretically, the
      effects of drugs in combination are classified as antagonistic, subadditive,
      additive and synergistic. Since these results hold for both tumors and hosts, the
      effects of combined drugs should be considered in terms of therapeutic index.
      From this viewpoint, the choice and administration schedule of drugs in
      combination must be synergistic or additive for the tumors and antagonistic or
      subadditive for the hosts in regard to combined effects. Thus, the rationale for
      combined drug therapy should be considered from the aspects of biochemical basis,
      drug resistance, cytokinetic and pharmacologic rationales, and toxicologic basis.

PMID- 3857025
TI  - Leukemic ascites complicating acute myelomonoblastic leukemia.
AB  - We describe a patient with acute myelomonoblastic leukemia, jaundice, and
      ascites. The ascitic fluid contained leukemic cells comparable with those of the
      blood and bone marrow. Treatment with cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside) caused a
      decrease in the peripheral blood blast cell count and the serum bilirubin level,
      but the leukemic ascites did not change. Ascites in patients with acute leukemia
      must be examined to differentiate leukemic infiltration from other causes such as
      infection.

PMID- 3857026
TI  - Distribution of fluoride in human cementum.
AB  - Fluoride and phosphorus concentrations were determined in layers of cementum and
      dentine serially-abraded from the root surface, passing through the cementum
      dentine junction and into the underlying dentine, using silicon carbide
      impregnated film. The concentrations of F in the cementum mineral were variable
      but consistently maximal at or near to the external surface of the root and
      tending to fall towards the interior and across the cementum-dentine junction
      into the underlying dentine. The F content in the cementum tended to increase
      with age.

PMID- 3857027
TI  - Radioautographic analysis of [3H]-fucose utilization by mouse odontoblasts with
      emphasis on intracytoplasmic and plasma membrane glycoproteins.
AB  - [3H]-fucose utilization by odontoblasts was studied by light and electron
      microscopic radioautography. At 10 min after injection, fucose label was
      concentrated in the Golgi area. By 20-30 min, there was a progressive decline in
      Golgi labelling with label present at the plasma membrane, terminal web,
      odontoblast process and predentine matrix. At 4 h, the predentine and the
      predentine-dentine junction were heavily labelled. At the ultrastructural level,
      Golgi labelling at 10 min was mostly localized to cisternal elements and at 20
      and 30 min secretory granules and dense bodies were also labelled. Most of the
      silver grains observed in the terminal web were associated with microfilaments
      near the plasma membrane. In the predentine, the matrix itself accounted for 23.0
      per cent of the label at 4 h and the plasma membrane of the odontoblast process
      accounted for 19 per cent. The results indicate that odontoblasts, in addition to
      secreting glycoproteins into the dentinal matrix, also continuously manufacture
      glycoproteins for incorporation into the cell surface, the lysosomal system and
      the terminal web.

PMID- 3857028
TI  - Membrane architecture of myelinated nerve fibres in the human dental pulp studied
      by freeze-fracturing.
AB  - The outer surface of the myelin sheath was well visualized in electron
      micrographs of replicas and the distribution of its cytoplasm-containing portions
      could be analysed. Numerous caveolae, probably representing the surface stomata
      of endo- or exocytotic vesicles were found on the plasmalemmal surface overlying
      organelle-rich cytoplasmic regions. Membrane specializations of the tight
      junction type were found at the outer and inner mesaxons of the myelin sheath as
      well as at the Ranvier node and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures. Presuming that so
      called leakiness is related to the junctional morphology, these junctions would
      be classified as moderately leaky. The morphological features of the Schwann-cell
      nuclear envelope were essentially as described for other mammalian cells.

PMID- 3857029
TI  - Histomorphometric analysis of cartilage and subchondral bone in mandibular
      condyles of young human adults at autopsy.
AB  - After demineralization, sagittal sections were made from the lateral, the central
      and the medial parts of 33 mandibular condyles from people aged 20 to 36 years,
      and studied for undifferentiated mesenchymal (UM) cells, cartilage and
      subchondral bone, the thickness of which were measured. Two condyles showed a
      continuous layer of UM cells extending all over. In 13 condyles, UM cells were
      absent; 18 condyles showed variability in UM cell occurrence in one or more out
      of the nine standardized areas. In 14 condyles, non-hypertrophic cartilage was
      present, 10 condyles showed hypertrophic cartilage and in nine condyles
      hyperplastic cartilage. Hyperplastic cartilage was associated with minimal
      numbers of UM cells. In combination with hypertrophic cartilage the UM cell layer
      appeared less irregular. Of nine condyles with incongruence of the cartilage-bone
      interface and the articular surface, seven showed hyperplastic cartilage. Six out
      of these seven were free of bony changes. A negative correlation was found
      between the presence of UM cells and the condylar-cartilage thickness (p less
      than 0.05). These results suggest that condylar changes are initiated by
      alterations in the cartilage and that changes in the bone are secondary.

PMID- 3857030
TI  - Some factors affecting the diffusion of [14C]-lactate in human dental plaque.
AB  - The apparent diffusion rate, D, of lactate was significantly retarded in dental
      plaque fluid and a simulated plaque fluid consisting of a chemically-defined
      solution of salts, amino acids and albumin in phosphate buffer at pH 6.5.
      Metabolic utilization of lactate in live plaque residue reduced D for lactate
      into such samples of residue, compared with killed samples. D in plaque residue
      was lower than in a previous study. Increasing the packing density of killed
      plaque residue of Streptococcus sanguis cells reduced D. Pre-incubation of plaque
      residue with sucrose or sucrose + NaF reduced D for lactate. No such relationship
      was found when Streptococcus mutans was so treated, but D for lactate was lower
      when the cells were grown in tryptone-soy broth supplemented with 5 per cent
      sucrose compared with unsupplemented broth. The retardation of lactate increased
      with an increase in ion-exchange capacity of cation- and anion-exchange Sephadex
      gel-model systems. Thus, the apparent diffusion coefficient of lactate in dental
      plaque residue is influenced by the chemical composition of the plaque aqueous
      phase, by metabolism of lactate, by plaque tortuosity, sucrose metabolism and ion
      exchange interactions.

PMID- 3857031
TI  - Effects of colchicine and hydrocortisone on unimpeded eruption rates of root
      resected mandibular incisors of rats.
AB  - A single injection of colchicine and daily injections of hydrocortisone have
      opposite effects on tooth eruption, respectively causing marked reduction and
      marked increase in unimpeded eruption rates in the root-resected incisors of
      rats. Unimpeded eruption rates of both root-resected and normal, non-resected,
      incisors responded identically to these two drugs, providing support for the view
      that the eruptive process following root resection is physiological. It was not
      possible to obtain direct evidence relating to either the hydrostatic pressure or
      the periodontal fibroblast hypotheses of tooth eruption; the drugs used to affect
      the eruption rates of resected rat incisors could also affect either the tissue
      hydrostatic pressure or the motility or contractibility of periodontal
      fibroblasts or both.

PMID- 3857033
TI  - Inter-odontoblastic fibres in human dentine observed by scanning electron
      microscopy.
AB  - Crowns of healthy premolars with closed apical foramina were fixed, resin
      impregnated and freeze fractured. Fragments were critical-point dried and
      examined by scanning electron microscopy. Radial inter-odontoblastic fibres with
      a diameter of 0.1-0.7 micron were observed. Most of these radial fibres
      originated from the odontoblast cell body, but some of them arose from the pulp.
      Both of them entered the predentine at the rim of dentinal tubules and their
      branches formed the fibrous network of predentine. The odontoblast processes had
      only a few short side branches at the level of predentine. Some fibrils were
      observed in the mineralized intertubular dentine, as well.

PMID- 3857032
TI  - The role for butyrate and propionate in mediating HeLa-cells growth inhibition by
      human dental plaque fluid from adult periodontal disease.
AB  - To determine to what extent propionate and butyrate, secreted in vitro by various
      oral bacteria, account for the growth-inhibiting activity of plaque fluid in
      gingivitis in the absence or presence of chronic periodontitis, the fluid phase
      of plaque from each of these disease forms was obtained by homogenizing the
      bacteria with 0.13 M NaCl, centrifuging the mixture and Millipore-filter
      sterilizing the plaque-fluid-extract supernatant. Toxins were detected and
      measured by growth inhibition of HeLa cells grown in minimal Eagle medium
      supplemented with calf serum and antibiotics. Samples of butyrate, propionate or
      plaque-fluid extract were added and inhibition of growth was determined relative
      to control cultures. The toxins in each extract were characterized by their
      stability to heat, freeze-drying and elution on gel filtration. Butyrate and
      propionate contents were measured with a Hewlett-Packard 5880A gas chromatograph.
      The plaque-fluid extracts from each group had similar contents of butyrate, but
      most of the activity was due to heat-sensitive high mol. wt components. Butyrate
      and propionate accounted for only 5 to 15 per cent of the total activity. High
      mol. wt exotoxins, rather than butyrate or propionate, were the most prominent
      and freeze-drying-stable tissue-destructive agents in the plaque fluid from
      subjects with or without periodontitis.

PMID- 3857034
TI  - Tooth wear, solubility and fluoride concentration of molar-tooth surfaces in rats
      maintained on simultaneous or separate intake of food and fluoridated drinking
      water.
AB  - Eighty rats, 20 days old, were fed a hard pellet diet and deionized or
      fluoridated (25 parts/10(6) F-) drinking water respectively for 40 days. Half
      were maintained on simultaneous food and water intake for 3 h, daily, and the
      remainder on separate intake of food for 3 h followed by drinking water for 3 h,
      daily. Scanning electron micrographs of the occlusal surface of right maxillary
      first molars were used for scoring wear. The mandibular and left maxillary molar
      surfaces were used for solubility and fluoride concentration determinations.
      Intake of food and water separately did not affect wear significantly, whereas
      solubility and fluoride concentration of the molar surfaces were significantly
      increased. Wear, solubility and fluoride of the molar surfaces respectively were
      highly significantly increased in the rats provided with fluoridated water.
      Increase in fluoride uptake is due in part at least to the increase in sites
      available for uptake due to tooth wear. Acid dissolution of worn tooth-surface
      enamel is greater than that of intact enamel.

PMID- 3857035
TI  - Lipids of developing dental plaque in caries-resistant and caries-susceptible
      adult people.
AB  - Dental plaque maturation in both caries-resistant (CR) and caries-susceptible
      (CS) subjects was accompanied by a decrease in total lipid content but was more
      pronounced with CR subjects; their plaque after 72 h contained 44.6 per cent less
      lipids than that of CS. At each stage of maturation, differences were also found
      in the proportion of lipid classes. In 24 h-plaque, the lipids of CR-group,
      although containing amounts of glycolipids and phospholipids similar to those of
      CS, contained 1.6 times less neutral lipids. The 48 h-plaque of CS subjects
      showed 2.5 times more neutral lipids, 1.2 times more phospholipids and 1.4 times
      less glycolipids. The 72 h-CR plaque contained 1.9 times less neutral lipids, 1.6
      times more glycolipids and 1.3 times more phospholipids than CS-plaque. Among the
      neutral lipids in both groups, the changes with maturation were associated with
      decrease in free fatty acids and increase in triglycerides, cholesterol and
      cholesteryl esters. Phospholipids of CR-plaque contained less phosphatidylcholine
      and more phosphatidylethanolamine than CS-plaque. With plaque maturation both
      groups showed decreases in the glycolipids characteristic of saliva and an
      increase in the content of bacterial type of glycolipids. Plaque maturation is
      evidently accompanied by dynamic changes in lipids reflecting a shift from
      salivary to bacterial contribution.

PMID- 3857036
TI  - The masseteric post-stimulus electromyographic-complex in people with dysfunction
      of the mandibular joint.
AB  - In mandibular joint-symptom-free subjects, post-stimulus EMG complexes (PSEC)
      were derived by standardized mechanical stimulation of an upper central incisor
      during clenching at a constant level of 5 per cent of maximal masseteric EMG
      activity. Seventy-two sweeps per subject were processed by means of a computer
      program, and different morphologies of the PSEC were seen. There appears to be no
      correlation with the Helkimo-index as a whole or its specific components. There
      is a strong correlation between tooth-grinding habits and the occurrence of a
      single inhibitory period. Patients with myofascial pain dysfunction consistently
      had a single inhibitory wave. When there was one affected side, the end latency
      of the second inhibitory wave was significantly shorter.

PMID- 3857037
TI  - Short-term effects of fluoride on biosynthesis of enamel-matrix proteins and
      dentine collagens and on mineralization during hamster tooth-germ development in
      organ culture.
AB  - The effect of various concentrations of fluoride (F-) on cell proliferation,
      matrix formation and mineralization was examined in hamster molar tooth germs in
      premineralizing and mineralizing stages. The exposure lasted 16 h (mineralizing
      stages) and 24 h (premineralizing stages) and the F- levels ranged from 2.63
      microM to 2.63 mM; [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, 45Ca and 32PO4 were used as
      markers for cell proliferation, matrix formation and mineralization,
      respectively. The proline-labelled amelogenins were isolated by sequential
      extraction with water and formic acid and their nature examined by SDS-urea
      polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Digestion by collagenase was used to assess the
      amount of proline incorporated into collagens. F- in concentrations up to 1.31 mM
      inhibited neither biosynthesis of DNA and amelogenins, nor synthesis of collagens
      and their hydroxylation. Amelogenins extracted from F- induced, non-mineralizing
      enamel matrix had the same electrophoretic mobility and the same degree of
      phosphorylation as amelogenins from normal, mineralizing enamel. However, F-
      increased the uptake of 45Ca and TCA-soluble 32P dose-dependently, starting with
      52 microM. Thus, interference with secretion of enamel matrix by F- takes place
      at much lower concentrations than required to inhibit biosynthesis of enamel
      matrix.

PMID- 3857038
TI  - Purification and subunit structure of alkaline phosphatase from bovine enamel
      organ.
AB  - A highly-purified alkaline-phosphatase preparation having a specific activity of
      703 U/mg protein was obtained from bovine enamel organ by a series of procedures:
      butanol extraction, isoelectric and acetone precipitation, ion-exchange,
      concanavalin A affinity and gel-filtration chromatography. The purified enzyme
      showed the same properties as kidney-type isozyme and contained carbohydrate
      moieties which react with concanavalin A. Analysis by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis showed that the purified enzyme split into half the size of the
      native molecule (160,000 in mol. wt) after being heated in sodium dodecyl
      sulphate (SDS) solution and the subunit had no catalytic activity. The results
      indicate that the enzyme is a dimeric glycoprotein comprised of two identical
      subunits, each having a molecular weight of 80,000.

PMID- 3857039
TI  - Short and long latency jaw-opening reflex responses elicited by mechanical
      stimulation in man.
AB  - Jaw-opening reflex responses elicited by tapping the chin during maximum
      clenching in incisal edge-to-edge contact position were studied in 10 healthy
      subjects. Stimuli were also delivered during weak clenching on a rubber stamp,
      separating the incisors by approx. 10 mm and protruding the mandible to the edge
      to-edge incisor relationship. All four central incisors were stimulated
      simultaneously. With weak stimuli, there was a short-latency (9.5 ms) digastric
      response which may have had a disynaptic pathway. Taps of moderate strength
      produced long-latency (20 ms) responses, and sometimes a short-latency (9.5 ms)
      component as well. Strong (non-painful) taps produced an even longer-latency
      digastric response, 30 ms or more following the stimulus with less
      synchronization than earlier responses. Jaw-jerk reflexes occurred 8.5 ms
      following the tap, independently of the magnitude of the stimulus. Local
      anaesthesia of the upper and lower incisors abolished the digastric muscle
      response. Thus large periodontal afferents may be responsible for the early
      digastric reflex activity and smaller fibres for later effects. Temporal
      summation of the reflex response probably occurred when all incisors were
      stimulated simultaneously.

PMID- 3857040
TI  - The ultrastructure of the dental tissues in dentinogenesis imperfecta in man.
AB  - Eight primary incisors obtained from a child with dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI)
      type II were examined histologically using light microscopy and scanning electron
      microscopy. In both the DI and control teeth, large dentinal canals were observed
      along the midline of the crown distributed mesial-distally and coursing towards
      the pulp. Variably-structured mantle dentine was seen in the DI teeth ranging
      from tubular to virtually atubular. Enamel separation occurred at the dentine
      enamel junction despite apparently normal scalloping. In the enamel, fractures
      occurred along accentuated striae of Retzius where ultrastructurally there was
      prism bending and discontinuity. The structure of DI teeth probably results from
      a structural or regulatory protein abnormality and irregular epithelial
      mesenchymal interaction. The combined influence of these factors appears to cause
      variable histologic appearances and rates of tissue deposition.

PMID- 3857041
TI  - delta 12-Prostaglandin J2, an ultimate metabolite of prostaglandin D2 exerting
      cell growth inhibition.
AB  - L-1210 murine leukemia cells were exposed to prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), 10
      micrograms/ml, in culture medium for various time, and subsequent cell growth was
      observed. More than 24 h exposure to PGD2 was required to inhibit cell growth
      almost completely. During this period, PGD2 degraded time-dependently into
      several products. The major product was identified as delta 12-PGJ2 by TLC, UV
      and mass spectra. When delta 12-PGJ2 was added to cells instead of PGD2, it
      evoked growth inhibition with much shorter contact time than PGD2. In addition,
      when the medium containing PGD2 was preincubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h, it
      elicited growth inhibition with only 6 h contact with cells. Furthermore, when
      the medium containing PGD2 was changed every 6 h during 24 h exposure time to
      cells, no significant growth inhibition was observed. These results suggested
      that PGD2 per se has little, if any, growth inhibitory activity, and delta 12
      PGJ2 is an ultimate metabolite exerting growth inhibition. This action appears to
      be independent of cAMP, since delta 12-PGJ2 was virtually inactive in raising
      intracellular cAMP levels.

PMID- 3857043
TI  - Tender point count.

PMID- 3857042
TI  - Prostaglandin E2 and 2-chloroadenosine act in concert to stimulate bone
      resorption in cultured murine calvarial bones.
AB  - 2-Chloroadenosine-induced calcium release from cultured mouse calvarial bones is
      reduced by inhibitors of prostaglandin production, whereas PTH stimulated calcium
      release is not. When calvaria were treated with 2-chloroadenosine (10 microM) for
      48 hr the production of PGE was significantly increased. The stimulation of PGE
      synthesis was totally inhibited by indomethacin (1 microM) and partially by
      hydrocortisone (0.1 microM). When PGE2 and 2-chloroadenosine, at submaximal
      concentrations, were simultaneously added to cultures of calvarial bones, in
      which the endogenous production of prostaglandins was reduced by indomethacin, a
      supraaditive effect on calcium mobilization by the two agents was seen. No such
      synergism could be observed between PGE2 and PTH or between 2-chloroadenosine and
      PTH. The degree of stimulation in indomethacin-treated bones by 2-chloroadenosine
      (i.e. when compared to indomethacin-treated controls) was almost the same as that
      seen in bones stimulated by 2-chloroadenosine in the absence of indomethacin.
      These data suggest that 2-chloroadenosine can induce bone resorption by a
      mechanism independent of stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis but that the
      amount of 2-chloroadenosine stimulated resorption is enhanced by endogenous and
      exogenous PGE2.

PMID- 3857044
TI  - Cytoprotective effect of sofalcone in the rat gastric mucosa.
AB  - The effect of 2'-carboxymethoxy-4,4'-bis(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)-chalcone
      (sofalcone, Solon) on 0.6N HCl-induced gastric lesions in the rat was studied.
      Sofalcone administered orally or intraperitoneally prevented the formation of
      gastric lesions induced by the necrotizing agent dose-dependently. Oral
      administration of sofalcone inhibited the aggravating effect of indometacin on
      the lesions induced by 0.6N HCl. Intraperitoneal administration of sofalcone also
      inhibited the aggravation of the lesions by indometacin treatment when it was
      given 30 min after the administration of sofalcone. This effect of sofalcone was
      not observed when indometacin was given 30 min before sofalcone. Simultaneous
      treatment with sofalcone and cimetidine inhibited the formation of the necrotic
      lesion synergistically. Carbenoxolone and cetraxate given orally protected the
      gastric mucosa against 0.6N HCl. Their protective effects were decreased when
      they were given intraperitoneally. These results suggested that the
      cytoprotective effect of sofalcone does not depend on the route of administration
      and that there are some interactions between cimetidine and sofalcone in their
      synergistic cytoprotective effects.

PMID- 3857045
TI  - [Biotechnology: use and importance of genetic technics].

PMID- 3857046
TI  - Guidelines in respect of biotechnological products.

PMID- 3857047
TI  - Decreased number of PGD2 binding sites on platelets from patients with type IIa
      hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - Platelets from patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (type IIa
      hyperlipoproteinemia), a condition associated with a high prevalence of
      atherosclerosis and its ischemic complications, are claimed to be hyperresponsive
      to aggregating stimuli. We investigated the platelet responsiveness to and the
      binding of PGD2, a potent endogenous inhibitor of platelet aggregation via
      stimulation of adenylate cyclase, in a group of 7 patients affected by IIa
      hyperlipoproteinemia (IIa HLP) and in a control group of 10 healthy subjects.
      Inhibition by PGD2 of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was significantly lower in
      IIa HLP patients than in controls. The number of binding sites for PGD2 of
      platelets from IIa HLP patients was significantly reduced in comparison with that
      from controls (93 +/- 19 and 232 +/- 23 receptors/platelet, respectively),
      whereas the affinity for PGD2 was comparable to that of controls (Kd = 68.8 +/-
      19.8 nM in patients and 66.1 +/- 15.9 nM in controls). The reduced number of
      platelet PGD2 binding sites in IIa HLP patients may account for the impaired
      sensitivity to PGD2 shown in vitro by platelets and may contribute to the
      increased tendency to thrombotic manifestations observed in IIa HLP.

PMID- 3857048
TI  - How to treat musculoskeletal conditions--practical hints for the internist.

PMID- 3857049
TI  - Hypokalemic periodic paralysis: a rarely considered diagnosis in the pediatric
      patient.

PMID- 3857051
TI  - First relieve suffering.

PMID- 3857050
TI  - [Angiocardiographic diagnosis].

PMID- 3857052
TI  - Sick sinus syndrome in an adolescent and a young adult.

PMID- 3857053
TI  - Electrocardiogram of the month. Acute right ventricular infarction.

PMID- 3857054
TI  - A status report on diet, nutrition and cancer.

PMID- 3857055
TI  - [Angiocardiographic diagnosis. Patent ductus arteriosus].

PMID- 3857056
TI  - On chemotherapy, pain and cancer.

PMID- 3857057
TI  - [Pathology review. Gouty nodule].

PMID- 3857058
TI  - Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with the Revuelta monocusp patch.

PMID- 3857059
TI  - Attitudes toward post-mastectomy reconstruction in Puerto Rico.

PMID- 3857060
TI  - Illegal practice of dentistry.

PMID- 3857061
TI  - "The source, frequency and extent of bacterial contamination of dental unit water
      supplies".

PMID- 3857062
TI  - 'Pertinent considerations in oral pigmentation'.

PMID- 3857063
TI  - 'Post-gustatory sweating following submandibular salivary gland removal'.

PMID- 3857064
TI  - Endodontics in practice. Diagnosis and treatment planning.

PMID- 3857065
TI  - An assessment of the relative dustiness of different alginate impression
      materials under simulated working conditions.

PMID- 3857066
TI  - Discussion paper from the Dental Technicians Education and Training Advisory
      Group.

PMID- 3857067
TI  - Domestos Health Education Award 1984. The Good Teeth Programme.

PMID- 3857068
TI  - Dentistry behind the iron curtain.

PMID- 3857070
TI  - Differences of immunoglobulin secreting cells in bone marrow from those in
      circulation: relevance to their development.
AB  - The surface markers of immunoglobulin secreting cells (ISC) in bone marrow and
      peripheral blood were analysed. Circulating ISC bear surface Ig and Ia-like
      antigens. However, these markers were not detectable on ISC in bone marrow. Fc
      and complement receptors were not present on circulating ISC. The areas of
      plaques corresponding to Ig secretion by bone marrow cells were always larger
      than those of peripheral blood cells. Although the majority of ISC were typical
      plasma cells, plasmacytoid lymphocytes were observed in peripheral blood. These
      findings seem to indicate that ISC in the peripheral blood are less advanced in
      their differentiation and maturation pathway from B lymphocytes to plasma cells
      than those in bone marrow. ISC in mesenteric lymph nodes exhibited nearly the
      same phenotype as peripheral cells.

PMID- 3857069
TI  - Red wine contains a potent inhibitor of phenolsulphotransferase.
AB  - Many ethanolic drinks, especially red wine, contain potent inhibitors of
      phenolsulphotransferase. At a dilution of 1/75 from the original beverage,
      extracts from six types of red wine inhibited human platelet
      phenolsulphotransferase P by a mean of 99% and human platelet
      phenolsulphotransferase M by 12%. Such extracts had no significant effect on rat
      liver monoamine oxidase A or human platelet monoamine oxidase B. The inhibitors,
      which have not yet been identified, can be extracted into ethyl acetate at acid
      or neutral pH. Thus, they are not monoamines. Flavonoid phenols are plausible
      candidates. As phenolsulphotransferase M and P are involved in the metabolism of
      many phenols, including drugs, the inhibition of these enzymes could result in
      the enhancement of pharmacological potency and have important clinical
      consequences.

PMID- 3857071
TI  - The myelodysplastic syndromes: different evolution patterns based on sequential
      morphological and cytogenetic investigations.
AB  - Serial morphological and cytogenetic investigations were performed in 46 patients
      with the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Twenty-one patients (45.5%) progressed
      to AML (greater than 30% blasts in bone marrow smears). Based on sequential
      determinations of percentages of bone marrow blasts, three patterns of evolution
      were observed in MDS. Patients with evolution pattern A (48%) had an apparently
      stable disease with minimal or no increase in bone marrow blasts. Exceptionally
      they developed new or additional chromosomal anomalies during the course of their
      disease. Cases in this group, who showed no abnormal localization of immature
      myeloid precursors (ALIP) at time of diagnosis experienced prolonged survival
      (median: 43 months), while ALIP positive patients had shorter survival times
      (median: 14 months), with high probability of early death from infections and/or
      bleeding problems. Patients with evolution pattern B (28%) initially had a
      morphologically stable disease, comparable to cases with evolution pattern A, but
      showed an abrupt shift from MDS to AML. Most of these patients (82%) were ALIP
      positive and a substantial proportion (46%) showed karyotype anomalies at
      diagnosis. The abrupt shift to AML in these patients was frequently (61.5%)
      associated with additional cytogenetic anomalies. Patients with evolution pattern
      C (24%) showed a gradual increase in bone marrow blasts. The majority of these
      cases (8/11) ultimately developed acute myeloid leukaemia (gradual progression to
      AML), whereas some patients (3/11) died from infections and/or haemorrhagic
      complications before they had reached the level of clinical AML. All of these
      patients were ALIP positive at diagnosis and no additional cytogenetic
      alterations occurred during evolution. Acquisition of new karyotypic anomalies
      during the course of MDS was almost invariably associated with abrupt shift to
      AML. From this retrospective study we conclude that evolution in MDS shows two
      important aspects, which seem to be preponderant in determining the course and
      outcome of the disease: one is the proliferative capacity and resulting growth
      advantage of the neoplastic clone over normal haematopoiesis, as measured by
      increasing percentages of bone marrow blasts in sequential aspirates; the other
      one is instability of the clone. Unstable clones have a high propensity to
      further intraclonal changes; they are expressed morphologically by the abrupt
      increase in bone marrow blasts and cytogenetically by the acquisition of new or
      additional karyotype anomalies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3857072
TI  - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in adults: results of a 'total-therapy' programme
      in 47 patients over 15 years old.
AB  - For the last 13 years, 47 patients with ALL over 15 years old (range 15-72;
      median 21) entered a 'total-therapy' programme. All cases received a 6-8 week
      induction course of PRD, VCR, DRB and/or L-ASN. Prophylaxis of CNS was done by
      cranial radiotherapy plus i.t. MTX in 32/45 patients who attained complete
      remission (CR). After CR, subsequent therapy involved a programme of maintenance
      with 6MP and MTX at full doses. Pulses of intermittent reinforcement (PRD, VCR
      and DRB) were done for 2 weeks, every 3 months, for at least 3 years. CR was
      achieved in 42/47 patients (89.3%). The median relapse-free survival of the
      patients who attained CR was 57 months, with an 8-year estimated disease-free
      survival rate of 43% for those cases. If actuarial assumptions were to be
      sustained, it would indicate an encouraging cure rate of 38% of all our adult ALL
      patients (mainly in those cases between 15 and 30 years old).

PMID- 3857073
TI  - Decrease in protein C in L-asparaginase-treated patients.

PMID- 3857074
TI  - Prediction of response of acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia to therapy with 'high
      dose' cytosine arabinoside.

PMID- 3857075
TI  - Prolonged survival in chronic granulocytic leukaemia after busulphan induced
      hypoplasia and karyotype conversion.

PMID- 3857077
TI  - Fetal death following extra-amniotic prostaglandin gel. Report of two cases.

PMID- 3857076
TI  - Maternal plasma prostaglandin E2 metabolite levels during human pregnancy and
      parturition.
AB  - Because of methodological problems associated with the measurement in biological
      fluids of both prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and its unstable principal circulating
      metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 (PGEM), there is little reliable
      information on these prostaglandins in human pregnancy and parturition. The
      recent discovery of a stable PGEM degradation product 11-deoxy-13,14-dihydro-15
      keto-11 beta, 16 epsilon-cyclo-PGE2 (bicyclo-PGEM) has provided a means of
      studying endogenous plasma levels of PGEM which circumvents the problems
      encountered with direct measurements of PGE2 and PGEM. Using a radioimmunoassay
      for bicyclo-PGEM we have therefore determined maternal peripheral plasma PGE2
      metabolite levels during human gestation. PGE2 metabolite levels did not alter
      significantly during the second or third trimesters nor during labour. This
      contrasts with maternal peripheral plasma levels of the principal circulating
      metabolite of PGF2 alpha 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM) which increases
      several fold during labour. Compared to PGE2 therefore, PGF2 alpha may be
      quantitatively the more significant prostaglandin associated with human
      parturition.

PMID- 3857078
TI  - Iduronate sulfatase from human placenta.
AB  - The major enzyme component of iduronate sulfatase from human placenta was
      purified 30 000-fold by a five-step procedure. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of
      the native enzyme gave a molecular weight estimate of 80 000 +/- 10 000.
      Electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate of the enzyme reduced with
      mercaptoethanol showed a protein band of Mr 82 000. We suggest that the enzyme is
      composed of a single polypeptide chain of Mr 80 000-90 000.

PMID- 3857079
TI  - Marrow culture studies in adult acute myeloid leukemia at diagnosis and during
      complete remission.
AB  - We used the human placental conditioned medium stimulated single layer agar
      culture technique to study the in vitro growth of marrow cells from 62 adult
      patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Bone marrow cells were cultured from
      50 patients at the time of initial diagnosis, 19 patients in early remission and
      20 patients during their full complete remission. Marrow cultures from untreated
      patients exhibited heterogeneous growth patterns ranging from complete growth
      failure to excessive microcluster formation. We classified the growth patterns
      into 4 groups: (1) Gr I: normal growth, (2) Gr II: no growth, (3) Gr III:
      decreased growth, (4) Gr IV: excessive growth of microclusters. At presentation,
      none had Gr I growth; Gr II growth was observed in 23; Gr III in 14 and Gr IV in
      13. A predominance of no growth were seen in M1 and M3 subtypes, while Gr IV
      growth was more commonly observed in M2 or M4 subtype. We were unable to
      correlate the culture findings with age or white cell count. The present results
      not only indicated that AML at diagnosis was characterized by abnormal
      granulopoiesis but also demonstrated that leukemic progenitor cells were
      heterogeneous with different capacities to express their proliferating potential
      in vitro. Except few with decreased growth, the growth characteristics generally
      returned to normal with successful remission induction. Both Gr II and Gr IV
      growth patterns were not observed either in early remission or during full
      complete remission.

PMID- 3857080
TI  - Blood lymphocyte volumes and diameters in patients with chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia and normal controls.
AB  - The electronic modal lymphocyte volumes of 151 patients with chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia (CLL) and 305 normal controls were determined by the hydrodynamically
      focused multi-channel Coulter TF analyser. The mean volumes of the normally
      distributed groups were 166 +/- 19.3 (range 126-216) fl in patients with CLL and
      206 +/- 14.4 (range 126 +/- 246) fl in normal controls. The calculated cell
      diameters were 6.8 (6.2-7.4) micron and 7.3 (6.8-7.8) micron respectively. Our
      data do not support previous reports about relations between cell size and
      clinical stages of the Rai and Binet classifications.

PMID- 3857081
TI  - [Bone sarcoma and malignant tumors of the retina].
AB  - Secondary bone sarcomas are frequent among children who have been treated
      previously for a retinoblastoma. The main point is that these bone sarcoma occur
      almost always after a bilateral retinoblastoma and more often in the irradiated
      area; from these, the classical concept of "radiocancer" was generally admitted.
      However, since many authors reported bone sarcomas occurring in a different
      location from the irradiated area, radiotherapy cannot be by itself the causative
      factor of these secondary bone sarcomas. Therefore the genetical factor is
      probably one of the predisposing factor. The authors report 6 cases of bone
      sarcomas with a review of the literature of bone sarcomas occurring in the
      irradiated field or not, for children "cured" of retinoblastoma.

PMID- 3857083
TI  - The role of academic medicine in patient education. Committee on Medicine in
      Society in cooperation with Committee on Medical Education.

PMID- 3857082
TI  - [Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia with amsacrine and high-dose cytosine
      arabinoside: a phase II trial].
AB  - Ten patients with acute myeloid leukaemia on failure or relapse were treated by
      Amsacrine and high-dose (12 g/m2) Cytosine Arabinosyl (phase II trial). Four
      patients achieved complete remission, over six months in one instance.
      Hematologic toxicity was important but extra-hematologic toxicity was mild. These
      two drugs could be used as induction or reinforcement treatment in acute myeloid
      leukaemia.

PMID- 3857084
TI  - The teaching of patient education concepts on therapeutic compliance to medical
      students.

PMID- 3857085
TI  - The role of academic medicine in patient education. State of the art in research
      and evaluation.

PMID- 3857086
TI  - The role of academician as a teacher of patient care.

PMID- 3857087
TI  - Patient education models.

PMID- 3857088
TI  - The role of academic medicine in patient education. Workshop summary: "educating
      physicians".

PMID- 3857089
TI  - The role of academic medicine in patient education. In pursuit of hypertension
      program problems.

PMID- 3857090
TI  - The role of academic medicine in patient education. Workshop summary: what can be
      learned from other health professionals.

PMID- 3857091
TI  - The role of academic medicine in patient education. Implementing change within
      the academic medical center.

PMID- 3857092
TI  - The role of academic medicine in patient education. Implementing change: a view
      from a medical school.

PMID- 3857093
TI  - Patient education: a public health point of view.

PMID- 3857094
TI  - The role of academic medicine in patient education. Panel discussion:
      implementing changes within the academic medical center.

PMID- 3857095
TI  - Integrating patient education into the medical school setting: balancing needs
      and priorities.

PMID- 3857096
TI  - The role of academic medicine in patient education: report of findings and
      recommendations. Committee on Medicine in Society. Committee on Medical
      Education.

PMID- 3857097
TI  - Eating disorders in schizophrenia.
AB  - An investigation of eating disorders in a population of chronic schizophrenic
      patients confirmed that there is a distinction between eating disorders of
      psychotics and eating disorders of the young. All the DSM-III criteria of eating
      disorders, except one, were observed among the psychotics although no patient
      fulfilled the necessary criteria for an eating disorder diagnosis except for one
      anorexic woman. All varieties of schizophrenic eating disorder were reported: in
      two-fifths of the patients eating disorders were associated with delusions and in
      one sixth with hallucinations; more than half of the patients had deviant eating
      behaviour which was not associated with any thought or perceptual disorders.
      Schizophrenic eating disorders were common, yet not disturbing to the social life
      of the open mental hospital or to that of the community surrounding it.

PMID- 3857099
TI  - Try using transactional analysis for better communication.

PMID- 3857098
TI  - Early onset of hindlimb paw-shake responses in spinal kittens: new perspective in
      motor development.
AB  - Normal kittens and kittens spinalized (T12) at 14 days of age were tested for
      onset of paw-shake responses (PSR) in fore and hindlimbs. In normals, onset
      followed a cephalocaudal pattern that was coincident with the development of
      stable posture, 21-28 days of age. In spinals, onset of hindlimb PSRs preceded
      that of the forelimb and occurred soon after cordotomy, independent of posture
      development. These findings suggest that in the neonate, spinal networks
      responsible for coordinating PSRs are normally inhibited until the response can
      be supported by stable posture.

PMID- 3857100
TI  - The break-up of the doctor's family.

PMID- 3857101
TI  - Kinetic comparison of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in human
      placenta, chorion laeve, and ovary.
AB  - Recent studies from our laboratory and others have shown that Km values for
      steroid substrates of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the human
      placenta were in the nanomolar range compared with micromolar values previously
      described. The purpose of the present study was to measure the kinetic parameters
      of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in other human tissues, namely the
      ovary and chorion laeve, and to determine whether they were similar to those of
      the placental enzyme. In chorion laeve microsomes the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase had Km values for dehydroepiandrosterone and pregnenolone similar
      to those found in placenta. Microsomes from human ovaries, on the other hand, had
      Km values for both substrates 10- to 20-fold higher. However, the ability of
      various steroids to inhibit the ovarian enzyme was similar to that previously
      described from the placenta and the chorion laeve.

PMID- 3857102
TI  - Inhibition of progesterone secretion by a 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      inhibitor in late pregnant sheep.
AB  - The role of progesterone in the initiation of parturition in the sheep is
      unclear. Whether a decrease in plasma progesterone is the essential prerequisite
      for the initiation of parturition or whether other factors also maintain uterine
      quiescence until delivery is not known. The effect of withdrawal of progesterone
      on the initiation of parturition has been investigated by intravenous
      administration of trilostane, a 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase delta 5-4
      isomerase inhibitor, to late pregnant sheep. Twenty-five or 100 mg trilostane
      caused a precipitous decrease in plasma progesterone to about 30% of preinjection
      levels. Progesterone remained depressed for up to 7 days after treatment. 13,14
      Dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) became elevated between 7 and 36 h
      after trilostane injection but gradually returned to preinjection levels during
      the subsequent 36 h, at a time when plasma progesterone was still depressed. Four
      of 11 animals treated with 100 or 200 mg trilostane aborted prematurely at a time
      when plasma PGFM was maximal and plasma progesterone minimal. There were no
      consistent changes in plasma estradiol-17 beta or ovine placental lactogen
      concentrations after treatment with trilostane. It is suggested that a decrease
      in plasma progesterone will cause a transient increase in plasma PGFM
      concentrations which can lead to the premature initiation of parturition. In some
      instances the myometrium does not appear to respond to the elevated PGFM
      concentrations even when the estrogen:progesterone ratio is elevated by a
      decrease in plasma progesterone.

PMID- 3857103
TI  - Anorexia and bulimia support group helping victims' families.

PMID- 3857104
TI  - Myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia? A study of 28 cases
      presenting with borderline features.
AB  - Some patients present borderline features between acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
      and typical myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS): an excess of blasts insufficient to
      conclusively diagnose AML, yet above the figures usually compatible with MDS or
      the presence of Auer rods associated with a moderate excess of blasts. This
      presents considerable difficulties in diagnosis and management. The authors
      studied 28 such cases using the French-American-British Co-operative Group (FAB)
      classification, which groups them into a separate category termed "refractory
      anemia with excess of blasts in transformation" (RAEB-T). This was found to be a
      heterogenous group. Certain patients (4/28) had a previously established
      myelodysplasia, but most presented directly as RAEB-T. Two very different
      pictures emerged: a few patients (4/28) were young, with presentation and
      evolution similar to classic AML, for whom combination chemotherapy was
      effective; the majority (20/28) were older, with more varied clinical and
      cytologic presentation, for whom chemotherapy was of little effect and who
      presented a picture resembling classic RAEB with a median survival of 10 months.

PMID- 3857105
TI  - Is hypereosinophilic syndrome a malignant disease?
AB  - A patient with an abdominal mass for 4 years developed hypereosinophilia and
      weight loss. Bone marrow aspirations and biopsy specimens showed hypercellularity
      of eosinophils. No cause for hypereosinophilia was found. Biopsy specimens of
      several organs, including the abdominal mass, showed eosinophilic infiltration
      with reactive fibrosis in some. Cytogenetic studies of the bone marrow before
      treatment with cytoxic drugs showed chromosomal abnormalities. Several of these
      have been reported in association with acute or eosinophilic leukemias. Based
      upon these findings, the authors believe that the patient had eosinophilic
      leukemia and that the abdominal mass probably was an eosinophilic chloroma.

PMID- 3857106
TI  - Chromosome studies in 17 patients with the Sezary syndrome.
AB  - Chromosome studies were done on phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood
      from 17 patients with Sezary syndrome. A chromosomally abnormal clone was found
      in five patients: each patient had an abnormal chromosome 6 and four had an
      abnormal chromosome 1. Six patients without abnormal clones had more than 20%
      metaphases with random heteroploidy and sporadic structural anomalies. Only
      normal metaphases were seen in four patients, and no metaphases were found in
      two. Four of the five patients with an abnormal clone died, and their median
      survival from chromosome analysis was 6 months; only one of these patients died
      of lymphoma. The six patients with increased heteroploidy had long survivals and
      no apparent malignant process. Two of the four patients with normal metaphases
      died of malignant disease: one had lymphoma and the other squamous cell
      carcinoma. A third patient with normal chromosomes died of extensive visceral
      cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

PMID- 3857107
TI  - Noninvolvement of chromosome 16 in karyotype evolution of acute myeloid leukemia
      in a patient with a heritable fragile site on 16q22.
AB  - A fragile site on the long arm of chromosome #16 (q22) was detected in a 24-year
      old man with pancytopenia. During the course of the disease he developed an
      inverted duplication of region q11-12 of chromosome #1 and a translocation
      between chromosomes #9 and #13: t(9;13)(p22;q32). These abnormalities, as well as
      an additional iso-like marker chromosome that consisted of one normal 9p and the
      abnormal 9p arm, were detected in Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-positive B-cell
      cultures. Two years later, evolution of the abnormal clone with loss of
      chromosome #7 and, subsequently, chromosome #22 occurred in connection with
      development of acute myeloid leukemia. Although the heritable fragile site on
      chromosome #16 was present in all cell populations investigated, it was not
      involved in the evolution of the abnormal karyotype. This fragile chromosome #16
      also was found in 4 of 11 family members in whom chromosome analysis was
      performed, thus suggesting this aberration was inherited in a dominant autosomal
      pattern. The incidence of the heritable fragile site in normal and leukemic cells
      of the patient, as well as stimulated blood cultures of his relatives, are
      reported. In addition, the possible relationship between this constitutional
      chromosome breakage syndrome and the occurrence of leukemia is analyzed.

PMID- 3857108
TI  - Cytogenetically distinct leukemic cell lines displaying in vitro specific
      proliferative and differentiation capacities may account for early disease
      relapse in the blast phase of CML.
AB  - The cytogenetic features and the proliferative and differentiation capabilities
      of blast cell fractions purified on a density gradient were studied in one
      patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast crisis, both at the
      emergence and at relapse of the disease. The results show that relapse was due to
      the appearance of a new leukemic cell line that was characterized by peculiar
      chromosomal, growth, and differentiation features, which seemingly accounted for
      early refractoriness to therapy and disease progression.

PMID- 3857109
TI  - Modal karyotype of human leukemia cell line, K562 (ATCC CCL 243).
AB  - The chromosome composition of the human leukemic cell line, K562, deposited at
      the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (CCL 243), was studied and further
      compared with those reported by other laboratories. In CCL 243, the modal
      karyotype had 55 normal and 14 constitutive marker chromosomes and occurred in
      nearly 50% of the cultured cell population. Other variant karyotypes were
      observed either at a low frequency in coexisting minor cell types or only once in
      all other analyzed metaphases. Normal chromosome #9 and the chronic myeloid
      leukemia (CML) specific Ph/t(9;22) were absent. It appears that karyotypes of
      most K562 cultures distributed world-wide are similar to each other, with the
      stable modal chromosome number, and therefore, the modal karyotype presented here
      should be useful in karyotypic identification of a cell line.

PMID- 3857110
TI  - A variant 15;17 translocation in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia.
AB  - We report a 36-year-old male with typical features of acute promyelocytic
      leukemia (APL) in whom a new variant 15;17 translocation, t(8p+;17q-), was found.
      Using G- and Q- banding techniques, the chromosome breaks were found to be near
      the junction of 8p12 and 8p21 and band 17q12, respectively. The breakpoint on 17q
      in our case was similar to that in previously described cases with a standard
      translocation (15;17). Consequently, this chromosome break or rearrangement at
      band 17q12, rather than the recipient site of translocation of the deleted
      material, appears to be of crucial importance in the genesis of APL.

PMID- 3857111
TI  - A review of the t(1;19) breakpoints in acute lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3857112
TI  - Translocation (4;11;17) in a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3857113
TI  - Translocation (11;17) (q24;q21) as a variant of translocation (9;11)(p22;q24) in
      acute monoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3857114
TI  - Switch in differentiative response to maturation inducers of human promyelocytic
      leukemia cells by prior exposure to alkaline conditions.
AB  - The myeloid lineage to which HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells will
      differentiate in response to a chemical differentiation inducer can be switched
      by altering the pH of the growth medium. Cells passaged previously at pH 7.2
      become neutrophiles, and those passaged previously at pH 7.6 become eosinophiles
      after 5 to 7 days of culture in the presence of 0.5 mM butyric acid. Butyric acid
      and its analogues are unique in that all other chemical maturation inducers
      tested, such as dimethyl sulfoxide and retinoic acid, promote neutrophilic
      differentiation regardless of the prior culture history of the cells. This
      suggests that lineage commitment and maturational commitment are mechanistically
      separate processes in this multipotential cell line and can be independently
      manipulated experimentally.

PMID- 3857115
TI  - Reversible effects of retinoic acid on glycosaminoglycan synthesis during
      differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells.
AB  - Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play an important role in cell-cell and cell-substratum
      interactions, and undergo specific changes during neutrophil development.
      Previous studies (Luikart, S.D., Maniglia, C. A., and Sartorelli, A. C. Cancer
      Res., 44: 2907-2912, 1984) have shown that both dimethyl sulfoxide and 4-beta
      phorbol-12-beta-myristate-13-alpha-acetate decreased GAG production by a
      hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase-deficient clone of HL-60
      promyelocytic leukemia cells prior to the appearance of a mature myeloid or
      monocytoid phenotype. To expand these investigations further, GAGs were analyzed
      by cetylpyridinium chloride precipitation and DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange
      chromatography after labeling of parental HL-60 cultures with [35S]sulfate and D
      [3H]glucosamine for 6 h, following treatment with 1 microM all-trans retinoic
      acid (RA). Chondroitin sulfate represented the major GAG species produced,
      although endo-beta-galactosidase-sensitive undersulfated macromolecules which
      possibly might be keratan sulfate, were also identified. GAG production decreased
      over a time period of 144 h in culture. RA treatment reduced the amount of
      radiolabeled cell-associated GAGs by 50% after 48, 96, and 144 h of exposure. In
      contrast, commitment to myelocytic maturation of the majority (i.e.,
      approximately 60%) of the cells occurred between 72 and 96 h of RA treatment.
      Concurrently with the appearance of mature granulocytic cells, two-thirds of the
      radiolabeled GAGs were recovered from the medium, compared to one-third in
      untreated cultures, a phenomenon that resulted in an overall alteration in the
      distribution of GAGs. When RA was removed by washing after either 48 h (i.e.,
      precommitment to differentiation) or 96 h (i.e., postcommitment to
      differentiation), a 1.5- to 3.5-fold increase in GAG production was noted 48 h
      later; this increase was unrelated to the medium change or to alterations in cell
      cycle distribution. The amounts of endo-beta-galactosidase-sensitive
      macromolecules were unaltered. Thus, although 1 microM RA inhibited the synthesis
      of chondroitin sulfate by HL-60 leukemia cells, this inhibition was reversible by
      removal of the drug and appeared to be unrelated to the commitment to myelocytic
      maturation.

PMID- 3857116
TI  - Stability, targeting, and biodistribution of scandium-46- and gallium-67-labeled
      monoclonal antibody in erythroleukemic mice.
AB  - Using a monoclonal antibody specific for the Mr 70,000 glycoprotein of Rauscher
      erythroleukemia virus, we have determined the optimal conditions for conjugation
      with the cyclic anhydride of diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid and subsequent
      labeling with 46Sc. The conjugates were shown to retain their specificity and
      activity in vitro and to target specifically to virus-infected spleen cells in
      vivo. The stability of the 46Sc:diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid-antibody
      conjugates in vivo was studied using immunoaffinity chromatography; 25% of the
      isotope bound to transferrin, and 75% remained bound to the antibody conjugates.
      These results are discussed with respect to the potential for labeling antibodies
      with 47Sc for use in imaging and therapy. Studies with 111In-labeled antibody
      were used for comparison. Labeling with 67Ga was also performed; these labeled
      conjugates showed adventitious binding of isotope to the antibody and lack of
      stability of diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid-chelated gallium. Free EDTA was
      shown to stably incorporate 67Ga.

PMID- 3857117
TI  - Identification of endogenous inhibitory growth factors from a human colon
      carcinoma cell line.
AB  - A line of human colon carcinoma cells, designated MOSER, was established which
      synthesized tumor-inhibitory factor (TIF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)
      activity. Both activities were found in serum-free conditioned medium and in cell
      extracts. The activities coelute on Bio-Gel P-10 in acetic acid, but can be
      completely separated by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. The
      TIF and TGF activities were acid and heat stable and were sensitive to trypsin
      and dithiothreitol. MOSER cell TIF prevented the anchorage-independent growth of
      the more differentiated colon carcinoma cell lines tested but did not affect the
      less differentiated lines. Using anchorage-dependent growth conditions, the
      effect of TIF appeared to be noncytotoxic and partially reversible. Purified TGF
      stimulated the growth of normal rat kidney fibroblasts and the slow-growing CBS
      colon carcinoma cell line but did not stimulate MOSER cell growth. MOSER cells
      contain both positive (TGF) and negative (TIF) factors with relative
      concentrations that may be important parameters in the regulation of cell growth.

PMID- 3857118
TI  - Analysis of commitment of human leukemia HL-60 cells to terminal granulocytic
      maturation.
AB  - Analysis of commitment of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells to terminal
      granulocytic maturation induced by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or retinoic acid
      (RA) was accomplished using biochemical measurements and a plasma clot clonal
      assay system that permits a high plating efficiency of 40 to 60%. Commitment to
      granulocytic maturation occurs very rapidly. When cells are exposed to these
      inducers for only 8 to 18 h, an interval much shorter than a single generation
      time, and are then subcultured in inducer-free plasma clots, they demonstrate a
      decrease in proliferative capacity and form colonies composed of mature nitroblue
      tetrazolium (NBT)-positive cells along with occasional colonies containing both
      NBT-positive and NBT-negative cells; in both types of colony, the NBT-positive
      cells are widely dispersed. Undifferentiated HL-60 cells give rise to compact NBT
      negative colonies of large size without cell migration. HL-60 cell
      differentiation induced by either DMSO or RA is associated with a progressive
      decline in both DNA and RNA synthesis; this includes transcriptional inactivation
      of ribosomal DNA sequences. In contrast to DMSO, which induces development
      primarily of metamyelocytes, RA treatment leads to the accumulation of more
      mature band and segmented neutrophils; sequential exposure of cells pretreated
      with DMSO to RA alone fails to cause rapid appearance of segmented neutrophils.
      From these studies, we conclude that HL-60 cells become very rapidly committed to
      terminal maturation and that DMSO and RA appear to induce granulocytic maturation
      via two different mechanisms.

PMID- 3857119
TI  - Synergistic effect of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and etoposide on a human
      promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60) demonstrated by computer analysis.
AB  - Autologous stem cell transplantation using cryopreserved bone marrow offers the
      opportunity to rescue patients from hematopoietic toxicity caused by intensive
      chemotherapy. This approach is potentially useful for high-risk leukemias as well
      as for other cancers. The development of suitable methods for purging malignant
      cells from the bone marrow will offer a better chance of success for autologous
      stem cell transplantation. In this paper, we describe our efforts at purging
      myeloid cells. HL-60, a promyelocytic leukemia cell line, was used as a model. 4
      Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) and VP-16-213 (VP-16) (either alone or in
      combination) were used to treat HL-60 cells and normal bone marrow. The cytotoxic
      effect of 4-HC (29.2 micrograms/ml; 100 microM) upon the HL-60 cell line was 99.8
      +/- 0.12% (SE), and the colony-forming units-granulocyte, macrophage (CFU-cs) of
      normal bone marrow was inhibited by 82.5%. VP-16, at a concentration of 25
      micrograms/ml (42.5 microM), can kill 99% of HL-60 cells and inhibit 72.7% of the
      CFU-cs. A drug mixture containing 4-HC (29.2 micrograms/ml) and VP-16 (10
      micrograms/ml) (combination ratio, 1:0.342) reduces HL-60 cells to an
      undetectable number, and the CFU-cs were inhibited by 87.2%. The laboratory data
      were further analyzed for the synergistic effect of these two drugs by
      quantitative determination of the median effect plot and the multiple drug
      equation recently described by Chou and Talalay (Adv. Enz. Regul., 22: 27-55,
      1984). Interactions of two drugs at different effect levels and at different
      combination ratios were then determined by computer simulation. At high effect
      levels, 4-HC and VP-16 in combination gave a synergistic cytocidal effect on HL
      60 leukemic cells and gave an antagonistic inhibitory effect on normal bone
      marrow CFU-cs. This combination greatly increases the safety margin. Computer
      simulation of a dose effect relationship has also shown that the 4-HC:VP-16
      combination ratio of 1:0.342 yields a better selective effect than a ratio of
      1:0.856. This quantitative analysis suggests that the combination of these two
      drugs at the selected dose level offers a good method for purging
      nonlymphoblastic leukemia cells.

PMID- 3857120
TI  - Increased glucocorticoid receptor concentration in macrophage differentiation of
      myeloid leukemia cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.
AB  - HL60 cells, human promyelocytic leukemia cells, can be induced to differentiate
      into more mature myeloid forms by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or retinoic acid (RA)
      and into macrophage-like cells by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or
      related compounds. Macrophage differentiation of HL60 cells by TPA treatment
      induced a 3- to 4-fold increase in glucocorticoid receptor concentration per cell
      and a 2- to 3-fold increase in glucocorticoid receptor concentration per mg of
      protein. The ability of TPA derivatives to increase glucocorticoid receptor
      concentration paralleled their ability to induce macrophage differentiation.
      Macrophage differentiation of other myeloid leukemia cells by TPA treatment
      induced a 2- to 3-fold increase in glucocorticoid receptor concentration per
      cell. Exposure of T-lymphoblasts or erythroleukemia cells to TPA did not affect
      glucocorticoid receptor concentration. Myeloid differentiation of myeloid
      leukemia cells by DMSO or RA induced no significant change in glucocorticoid
      receptor concentration. The increase in glucocorticoid receptor concentration in
      macrophage differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells with TPA was considered to
      depend, not on TPA treatment, but on the process of macrophage differentiation.
      Further, glucocorticoid receptor concentration can be a sensitive marker of
      macrophage differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells.

PMID- 3857121
TI  - Isolation of tumor cell growth-inhibiting factors from a human rhabdomyosarcoma
      cell line.
AB  - Two types of growth-modulating factors were derived from the serum-free
      conditioned media of a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, A673. One type, Mr
      18,000 to 22,000, competes for binding to epidermal growth factor receptors and
      enhances the growth of normal and tumor cells in soft agar. It has all of the
      biological properties ascribed to transforming growth factor type alpha (TGF
      alpha). A673 cells also produce factors which inhibit the growth of human tumor
      cells in soft agar and in monolayer cultures. These tumor cell growth-inhibiting
      factors (TIFs) are acid- and heat-stable peptides. The major TIF activities have
      molecular weights in the ranges of greater than 28,000, 18,000 to 22,000, 10,000
      to 16,000, and 5,000 to 10,000 and do not possess the antiviral activity
      associated with interferon. Partially purified preparations of TIF-1 (Mr 10,000
      to 16,000) inhibit the growth of all human tumor cell lines tested and stimulate
      the growth of normal human fibroblasts and epithelial cells in monolayer
      cultures. The growth of human lung carcinoma A549 cells in soft agar, which was
      enhanced by treatment with TGF alpha from A673-conditioned media, was inhibited
      by treatment with TIF-1 derived from the same media. The ratio of the two types
      of tumor cell-derived, growth-modulating factors (TIFs and TGF alpha), which are
      antagonistic in their biological effects, may determine the capacity of tumor
      cells for anchorage-independent growth.

PMID- 3857122
TI  - Changes in cell surface glycoproteins and antigens during differentiation of the
      human myeloid leukemia cell lines ML-1, ML-2, and HL-60.
AB  - Two recently derived human myeloid leukemia cell lines, ML-1 and ML-2, were
      induced to differentiate by treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
      (TPA) or with retinoic acid for 5 to 12 days. They were then compared with
      similarly treated promyelocytic HL-60 cells. TPA-treated ML-1 and ML-2 cells
      became firmly surface adhesive with a fibroblastoid morphology, while TPA-treated
      HL-60 cells adhered as rounded macrophages. In contrast, retinoic acid induced
      only slight morphological changes in all three cell lines. The differentiation
      related alterations of the surface membrane glycoproteins were followed by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after surface labeling by the periodate-NaB3H4
      or galactose oxidase-NaB3H4 methods. The expression of surface membrane
      differentiation antigens was analyzed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies
      against myeloid, myelomonocytic, monocytic, and granulocytic determinants using
      FACS IV flow cytometry. The acquisition of surface adhesiveness by TPA-treated ML
      1 and ML-2 cells coincided with the appearance of membrane surface proteins of
      varying molecular weights, ranging between 90,000 and 155,000, which were not
      labeled in untreated ML-1 and ML-2 cells. These findings and the results obtained
      by monoclonal antibody staining and FACS analysis indicate that treatment of the
      myeloid lines ML-1, ML-2, and HL-60 by TPA induced the expression of antigenic
      and membrane molecular features compatible with a monocytic-macrophage phenotype,
      while treatment by retinoic acid induced granulocytic differentiation. The ML-1
      and ML-2 cells offer interesting models for studies on the membrane molecular
      events occurring when nonadherent, monocytic cells become surface adherent.

PMID- 3857123
TI  - Estradiol 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, a marker of breast cancer hormone
      dependency.
AB  - Intratumoral activity of the progesterone-dependent enzyme 17 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase (E2DH) was measured in 114 patients with breast cancer (33 pre- and
      81 postmenopausal) before and/or after 8 days of a progestin treatment
      (lynestrenol, 10 mg/day). In 12 postmenopausal patients, the ability of E2DH to
      be stimulated by lynestrenol was compared to estradiol receptor (ER) and
      progesterone receptor (PR) levels. In premenopausal patients, E2DH was higher
      when tumors were excised in the luteal phase than when excised in the follicular
      phase. In postmenopausal patients, E2DH was higher after progestin treatment.
      However, E2DH stimulation by lynestrenol depended on receptor levels. It was most
      often markedly stimulated in ER-positive, PR-positive tumors. It remained low in
      ER-negative, PR-negative tumors. Intratumoral measurement of the progesterone
      dependent enzyme E2DH in breast cancer after progestin treatment could therefore
      provide a fine and reliable index of the presence and functional character of PR
      and hormone dependency of the tumor.

PMID- 3857125
TI  - Mathematical model of acute myeloblastic leukaemia: an investigation of the
      relevant kinetic parameters.
AB  - A simple model of acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) development is introduced,
      explicitly including cell growth, cell differentiation and cell-cell interaction.
      Each of these processes is described by a single model parameter. It is
      hypothesized that the leukaemic cell is characterized by an alteration of only
      one of these processes. The kinetic behaviour of the AML system is examined
      separately for possible alterations of each of the three parameters describing
      the three processes involved. It is shown that, on the basis of the existing data
      on AML kinetics, the alteration of the growth and cell-cell interaction
      parameters can be eliminated as a possible source of AML. Thus kinetic data
      support the modification of the differentiation process as the origin of the AML
      state. Further, the growth characteristics of normal and leukaemic cells in the
      presence of each other are analysed. It is shown how the initial growth of
      leukaemic cells depends on the difference in the differentiation of normal and
      leukaemic cells and how the same difference determines the decay of normal cells
      in the presence of the predominantly leukaemic population. Correlations between
      the kinetic parameters of the normal and leukaemic populations are suggested to
      characterize the leukaemic state.

PMID- 3857124
TI  - Intracranial neoplasms in children in Ibadan, Nigeria.
AB  - Analysis of 89 intracranial tumors in children presenting at the University
      College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between 1960 and 1982 is reported. These
      tumors are commonest in the first decade of life and occur more in males than in
      females. Fifty-three per cent of the primary brain tumors are supratentorial. The
      commonest sites are cerebellum, cerebrum, and the pons. The common histological
      types are astrocytomas, medulloblastomas, ependymomas, and oligodendrogliomas.
      Craniopharyngiomas are among the most frequent supratentorial neoplasms in Ibadan
      children and the central nervous system involvement in cases of Burkitt's
      lymphoma is a frequent complication.

PMID- 3857126
TI  - HL-60 human leukaemic cell line colonies in agar capillaries: comparison of their
      reactivity to hormones, cytostatics and selective inhibitors of proliferation.
AB  - Colonies of the HL-60 human leukaemic promyelocytic cell line developing in
      semisolid agar gel capillaries were established. The endogenous inhibitory
      fraction GI-3, specific for myeloid cells, hydrocortisone and adriamycin
      decreased colony number in a dose dependent manner. ED50 values amounted to 220,
      10(-1) and 4.5 X 10(-3), micrograms/ml respectively. If administered in
      combination, the endogenous inhibitor, steroid hormone and cytostatic agent
      exhibited a marked synergism. They affected HL-60 cells additively, and in some
      cases, a slight potentiation occurred. The experiments demonstrate the
      possibility of augmenting the inhibitory activity of cytostatics and hormones on
      leukaemic cells by endogenous inhibitors without an increase in drug toxicity.

PMID- 3857127
TI  - [Biotechnology in pharmacy. I. General].

PMID- 3857128
TI  - Placental alkaline phosphatase and cancer antigen 125 in sera of patients with
      benign and malignant diseases.
AB  - Human placental alkaline phosphatase (hPLAP; EC 3.1.3.1), cancer antigen 125 (CA
      125), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were determined in sera of patients with
      malignant and nonmalignant disorders. For CA 125 we used two different commercial
      assay systems, based on the same monoclonal antibody. hPLAP had the same
      sensitivity (20%) as CA 125 for detecting non-ovarian neoplasia, whereas that of
      CEA was 45%. For detecting ovarian cancer CA 125 (Cis kit) was slightly more
      sensitive (50%) than hPLAP (45%), much more than CEA (10%). hPLAP was increased
      in sera of 2% of patients with nonmalignant disorders, CA 125 in 23%, and CEA in
      18%. hPLAP was increased in only one of 10 diabetic patients and two of 50
      patients on chronic renal dialysis. CA 125 and CEA were respectively increased in
      45% and 23% of all liver pathologies studied and in 12% and 17% of patients with
      renal insufficiency. The sensitivity of hPLAP for detecting ovarian cancer is
      slightly inferior to that of CA 125, but its specificity is much higher. We found
      the Abbott system for CA 125 to be more sensitive than the Cis system.

PMID- 3857129
TI  - HLA compatibility and human reproduction.
AB  - Studies carried out on inbred strains of mice have shown that conceptuses which
      differ at the MHC antigens from their mothers appear to enjoy a selective
      advantage when compared with conceptuses which are more compatible. In humans a
      highly significant degree of MHC compatibility can be found in couples with a
      history of repetitive spontaneous abortions with unknown aetiology. We HLA -
      typed 28 selected couples with a history of three or more consecutive spontaneous
      abortions of unknown aetiology and 28 normal couples as control. We found that
      22/23 (79%) aborter couples shared common HLA antigens, while normally fertile
      couples only 7/28 (25%) (p less than 0.001). The finding of a significant HLA
      compatibility in couples having abortions might be consistent with the hypothesis
      that blocking antibodies, formed in early pregnancy as response to HLA antigens,
      are perhaps necessary for a successful gestation. The factor causing abortion in
      couples sharing HLA antigens might also refer to the homozygosity for fetal genes
      in linkage with HLA alleles. The sharing of HLA alleles could be a marker for
      other genes of the same region which are lethal for the embryo in the homozygous
      state.

PMID- 3857130
TI  - Norrie's disease: close linkage with genetic markers from the proximal short arm
      of the X chromosome.

PMID- 3857131
TI  - A preliminary report on the role of some immunologic factors in persistence of
      chronic tinea pedis.

PMID- 3857132
TI  - Adherence of a non-oral hydrophobic bacterium to the human tooth surface.

PMID- 3857133
TI  - Standardization of endodontic instruments and materials: expectations and
      reality. Part II. Reality.

PMID- 3857134
TI  - Crown lengthening procedures: an overview.

PMID- 3857135
TI  - Root canal filling with a slowly resorbable iodoform paste in the apical part:
      report of a long term follow up.

PMID- 3857136
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous ceftizoxime in patients on continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of ceftizoxime (CZM) were determined in 16 non-infected CAPD
      patients. Patients received either 500 mg or 1000 mg CZM by i.v. bolus. The
      dialysate exchange volume was 2 l. Serum CZM concentrations at 10 min were 69.7
      +/- 19.7 micrograms/ml (1000 mg dose) and 39.2 +/- 8.4 micrograms/ml (500 mg
      dose), and declined to 33.7 +/- 13.9 micrograms/ml and 16.9 +/- 3.2 micrograms/ml
      respectively at 360 min. Dialysate CZM levels at 10 and 360 min were 1.8 +/- 1.3
      and 19.9 +/- 6.6 micrograms/ml respectively (1000 mg dose) and 1.4 +/- 0.9 and
      12.6 +/- 3.5 micrograms/ml (500 mg dose). The half-time of CZM was 14.1 +/- 4.6
      h. Peritoneal clearance of CZM was low and equilibrium was not achieved in 6 h.
      However peritoneal CZM concentrations were adequate within 1 h for the treatment
      of most organisms which cause CAPD-related peritonitis.

PMID- 3857137
TI  - Direct extension of retropharyngeal abscess demonstrated by gallium scan.

PMID- 3857138
TI  - The perisplenic halo of Ga-67 citrate. A sign of perisplenic abscess.
AB  - Two cases are presented which display a scintigraphic picture of increased Ga-67
      activity around the spleen with a relative photon deficient center. We call this
      pattern the perisplenic halo of Ga-67, which represents a perisplenic abscess.
      The anatomy of the perisplenic compartment and the possible pitfalls in
      diagnosing the perisplenic halo are discussed within the paper.

PMID- 3857139
TI  - Ga-67 studies in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and
      disseminated mycobacterial infection.
AB  - A well-documented case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with diffuse
      lymphadenopathy and disseminated mycobacteriosis in whom serial Ga-67 studies
      were performed is presented.

PMID- 3857140
TI  - Nonvisualization of an enlarged spleen on Ga-67 scintigraphy but demonstrated by
      CT after splenic irradiation.
AB  - Presence of enlarged spleen using CT with absence of splenic visualization in Ga
      67 citrate images in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia and splenomegaly
      after splenic irradiation was observed. Since Howell-Jolly bodies had not been
      identified in the peripheral circulation, the finding of splenic nonvisualization
      was explained by disassociated splenic functions, which are not tightly coupled,
      and some activities that can be suppressed by irradiation without impairing
      others. The Ga-67 splenic localization mechanism is probably more sensitive and
      liable to disruption by irradiation, and was independent of spleen size. Ga-67
      scintigraphy and Tc-99m sulfur colloid liver-spleen scintigraphy are two organ
      function-dependent imaging procedures, while CT provides anatomic information.

PMID- 3857142
TI  - IgG heavy chain (Gm) allotypes in ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - A comparison between 70 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and 97 controls
      revealed no significant differences in Gm allotypes. In the patients, no
      association was found between Gm types and various clinical features.

PMID- 3857141
TI  - Clostridium difficile isolation in leukemic children on maintenance cancer
      chemotherapy. A preliminary study.
AB  - Between December 1982 and November 1983, stool specimens from 15 children with
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who were on maintenance cancer chemotherapy, were
      examined weekly for the presence of Clostridium difficile and its toxin. Four out
      of 15 patients were positive for C. difficile: three patients had stool specimens
      that did not contain toxin, but cultures yielded growth of toxigenic C. difficile
      on only one occasion. The fourth patient, who had a recent history of
      hospitalization, particularly aggressive cancer chemotherapy, neutropenia, and
      antibiotic therapy, excreted both C. difficile and its toxin for at least 1
      month. All children were asymptomatic at the time of positive cultures. This
      preliminary study reveals a low rate of C. difficile colonization in leukemic
      children on maintenance cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 3857143
TI  - Longitudinal study of dental caries in individuals in Jonkoping, Sweden, aged 15
      years in 1973 and 20 years in 1978.
AB  - The aim of this investigation was to study caries development between the ages of
      15 and 20 yr in the same individuals. Data concerning 100 adolescents constituted
      the basic material. Eighty subjects could be re-examined 5 yr after the first
      examination. The mean number of teeth per subject was 27.1 both in 1973 and in
      1978. Four subjects (4%) in 1973 and three subjects (2.4%) in 1978 showed no
      decayed and/or filled proximal tooth surfaces. The prevalence of intact tooth
      regions was higher in the mandible than in the maxilla. Only one of the 73
      subjects who were free from caries in the mandibular incisor/canine region at the
      basic examination developed new carious lesions in this region during the next 5
      yr period. Analysis of the frequency distribution of the different caries
      diagnostic groups revealed that 32 subjects (40%) showed no change during the 5
      yr period while 47 (58.7%) now belonged to a higher caries prevalence group. 3538
      (80.7%) proximal surfaces were diagnosed as intact at the basic examination. The
      number of intact surfaces 5 yr later was 3107 (70.9%). In individuals with low
      and high numbers of decayed and/or filled surfaces, respectively, there was a
      tendency towards a more pronounced individual caries progression in the group
      that showed the highest caries prevalence at the basic examination than in the
      group showing a low caries prevalence.

PMID- 3857144
TI  - Physiological indicators of fluoride exposure and utilization: an epidemiological
      study.
AB  - Individual samples of urine, fingernails, head-hair, saliva, plaque and enamel
      were collected from three groups of Hungarian children, aged 14 years, who were
      exposed to contrasting water fluoride levels (less than or equal to 0.11 ppm; 0.5
      1.1 ppm; 1.6-3.1 ppm). The mean fluoride concentration of the samples increased
      consistently and significantly, but mostly non-proportionately, with increasing
      water fluoride level. With the exception of plaque, the materials examined are
      considered suitable indicators of exposure to or systemic utilization of fluoride
      for population groups. Caries experience decreased with increasing fluoride
      exposure. Dental fluorosis constituted no clinical or aesthetic problem.

PMID- 3857146
TI  - Prevalence vs. incidence of the mandibular pain dysfunction syndrome:
      implications for epidemiological research.
AB  - Conclusions about the aetiology and maintenance of the Mandibular Pain
      Dysfunction Syndrome (MPDS) are largely based on clinic populations, but there
      are indications that sufferers who seek help about their symptoms are not typical
      of the general population of sufferers. This raises important problems in
      extrapolating findings from the patient population to the general one. This paper
      argues that future epidemiological studies should take the various influences on
      the decision to seek advice into account so that conclusions about MPDS can be
      reached. Specific additions to research designs are noted.

PMID- 3857145
TI  - Prevalence and severity of periodontitis in a high fluoride area in South Africa.
AB  - The prevalence of periodontal disease is widespread throughout the world. Its
      severity varies considerably and the factors responsible for this variation are
      not known. Although the effect of fluoride on the reduction of dental caries is
      well established, its effect on chronic inflammatory periodontal disease is
      obscure. In this investigation, the prevalence and severity of periodontitis in
      71 adults residing in a high fluoride area (2-3 ppm) was studied. In spite of
      large amounts of plaque and the prevalence of severe gingivitis in these
      individuals, there was little evidence of periodontal destruction (mean probing
      depth = 2.5 mm; mean loss of attachment = 1.02 mm). The possible reasons for the
      resistance of this population to = 1.02 mm). The possible reasons for the
      resistance of this population to periodontitis are discussed.

PMID- 3857147
TI  - Evaluation of social inequality of use of dental services in Norway.
AB  - It is tempting to assume that the increase in use-rates in Norway throughout the
      1970's reflects a decrease in social inequality concerning use of dental
      services. In order to assess whether or not equalization has been achieved from
      1973 to 1983, the application of a conservative and a radical standard led to
      different conclusions about equalization. Therefore, a formal model containing
      explicit assumptions was constructed and used to test the null hypothesis of no
      significant change in social inequality concerning regular use of dental services
      as well as no significant change in use-rates from 1973 to 1983. The model
      corrects for the ceiling effect as the proportion of regular dental visitors from
      a social status group increases, by assuming that the dental visiting potential
      is normally distributed within each social status group. The empirical basis was
      formed by nationwide interview surveys in 1973 (n = 1630) and in 1983 (n = 1410).
      Level of income was selected as indicator of social status and grouped into seven
      categories. Regular visitor rates for each income group were transformed to
      standard normal deviates (z-scores) and regressed upon level of income separately
      for 1973 and 1983. There was a net improvement of proportions of regular dental
      visitors from 1973 to 1983 as measured by a significant decrease of the
      intercept, but no equalization between social status groups as measured by no
      significant change of the slope.

PMID- 3857148
TI  - Results of the Sherbrooke-Lac Megantic fluoride varnish study after 20 months.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of two fluoride
      varnishes (Duraphat and Fluor Protector) in the prevention of dental caries in
      children residing in a non-fluoridated community. At baseline, 787 grade one
      children (6-7-yr old) were examined and randomly allocated into a control and two
      treatment groups. At 20 months, 703 children remained in the study. The mean
      baseline caries experience and the mean number of permanent teeth present at 20
      months were not significantly different among the treatment and control groups.
      The mean DMFS increments after 20 months were 1.70, 1.73 and 2.02 for Fluor
      Protector, Duraphat and control groups respectively (% reductions of 15.8 and
      14.4 for Fluor-Protector and Duraphat groups). The mean dfs increments for
      primary molars after 20 months were 1.56, 1.62 and 1.74 for Fluor-Protector,
      Duraphat and control groups respectively (% reductions of 10 for Fluor-Protector
      and 7 for Duraphat).

PMID- 3857150
TI  - Demand for dental care in Sri Lanka.
AB  - The demand for dental care was assessed among 3000 dental patients visiting an
      out-patient clinic in Sri Lanka. 46% of the patients sought treatment for
      complaints related to advanced stages of dental caries whilst 18% requested
      treatment for early stages of decay. 20% had complaints related to periodontal
      disease of which two-thirds had advanced symptoms of mobility. The majority of
      the demands reflect a need for emergency care such as exodontia and dressings for
      cavities, which is currently being carried out by dentists but could easily be
      done by auxiliaries at low cost.

PMID- 3857149
TI  - Relationship between enamel fluoride concentration and dental caries in a
      selected population.
AB  - The relationship between dental caries experience (DMFT) and enamel fluoride
      concentration (EnF) was determined in 100 freshman dental students aged between
      20 and 26 yr. DMFT was determined by clinical examination and supplemented by
      bitewing radiographs. Biopsies were performed on the maxillary right canine of
      each student by etching with 1 M perchloric acid for 5 s. A regression analysis
      of DMFT and EnF and of square root DMFT and 1nEnF indicated that the correlation
      coefficients were not significant. Students exposed to fluoridated drinking water
      had significantly lower DMFT and significantly greater EnF than the students
      reared in areas with non-fluoridated drinking water.

PMID- 3857151
TI  - Usefulness of two psychometric scales in Swedish patients with severe dental
      fear.
AB  - Dental fears and other fears were assessed in 67 patients with dental fear with
      the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS), the Geer Fear Scale (GFS), and a
      behavioral dentist's rating scale (DR). Patients were selected because of extreme
      initial dental fear (n = 20), favorable response to treatment for dental fear (n
      = 23). CDAS change paralleled behavioral change (DR), supporting the usefulness
      of CDAS in assessing dental fear. GFS scores did not change in either group but
      were higher among patients who did not respond to treatment for dental fear;
      these findings are discussed in terms of treatment outcome prediction and
      treatment specificity.

PMID- 3857152
TI  - Dental anxiety and DMFS status: association within a US naval population versus
      differences between groups.
AB  - Measurement of dental treatment anxiety and oral health, in a sample of naval
      recruits, confirmed the generally held expectation that a high anxiety group
      would have significantly greater numbers of diseased surfaces (DS) than a low
      anxiety group. However, it was also shown that dental anxiety was not a predictor
      of DS within the ungrouped sample. In evaluating the public health impact of
      dental treatment anxiety on oral health, attention must be paid to the context of
      data collection and analysis. Evidence bearing on group differences does not
      necessarily describe the situation within a population.

PMID- 3857153
TI  - Tricks and traps in dental clinical trials.

PMID- 3857154
TI  - Model for the study of the preeruptive effect of NaF tablets on caries in
      permanent teeth.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to elaborate a model for estimating the caries
      reducing effect of a preventive measure with due consideration of background
      factors. The material comprised 50 children, who had consumed NaF tablets
      regularly during preschool age, and 76 comparable children who had never consumed
      NaF tablets. They were all examined at 12 and 13 yr of age. Information on caries
      and, as confounding factors, dietary habits, oral hygiene and microbiologic
      variables, was obtained on both occasions. Correlations between the parameters
      and caries, their discriminating effects and interaction between them were
      studied. The results showed that correction for confounding diminished the crude
      caries-reducing effect of NaF tablets. Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli
      turned out to be the strongest confounders to discriminate well as single
      variables and to behave logically in analyses of interaction. Therefore, these
      factors are recommended in the first place for inclusion in a correction model.
      If the material is sufficiently large for a further breakdown, oral hygiene
      (represented by bleeding on probing) could be added. The model will be used in
      future studies of the preeruptive effect of NaF tablets on caries in permanent
      teeth in the same population.

PMID- 3857155
TI  - Prevalence of dental decay in Jewish and Arab schoolchildren in the Jerusalem
      area.
AB  - The purpose of this survey was to gather up-to-date information on the prevalence
      of dental decay in schoolchildren in the Jerusalem area. Close to 650 Arab and
      Jewish schoolchildren aged 6-8 yr underwent oral examinations. The relationship
      between caries prevalence and treatment supplied with some secondary factors was
      studied. The results show that 92% of the children were affected by decay.
      Compared to former years there is an increase in the prevalence of dental caries
      throughout the population. No significant differences were found when sex, ethnic
      population or socioeconomic factors were related to caries prevalence. However,
      when DMF is broken down into its components, Arab children were seen to have a
      greater number of teeth affected by caries and in need of treatment (D). In
      contrast, treatment need has been met to a much greater degree among Jewish
      children than among Arab children. Data and explanations are offered.

PMID- 3857156
TI  - Cranial CT scans in eating disorder patients and controls.

PMID- 3857157
TI  - [Long-term survival in acute leukemia: report of 23 cases].

PMID- 3857158
TI  - Aminoglycoside treatment and renal prostaglandin excretion in premature infants.
AB  - During prospective studies of indomethacin treatment of symptomatic patent ductus
      arteriosus, the question arose whether aminoglycosides alter renal prostaglandin
      metabolism. Adopting the matched-pair method, we retrospectively analyzed
      creatinine clearances, urine output and renal PGE2 and PGF2 alpha excretion in
      preterm infants with and without aminoglycosides. No consistent differences of
      any of these parameters within the matched pairs could be demonstrated.
      Indomethacin induced comparable reductions of creatinine clearances in patients
      with and without aminoglycoside pretreatment. Discrepancies with animal studies
      and clinical implications of these results are discussed.

PMID- 3857159
TI  - [Importance of the tumor-associated antigen CA 19-9 in the differential diagnosis
      of pancreatic diseases].
AB  - Tumour-associated antigen CA 19-9 was determined in serum from 166 patients (30
      without gastro-intestinal disease, 32 with liver cirrhosis, 9 with
      choledocholithiasis, 65 with acute or chronic pancreatitis and 30 with malignant
      tumors in the region of pancreas and bile passages). The specificity of CA-19-9
      as tumour marker was 97% in patients without gastro-intestinal disease, but in
      those with liver cirrhosis or choledocholithiasis it was only 56% and 44%,
      respectively. In particular, cholestasis reduced specificity. Acute pancreatitis
      in its initial attack gave false-positive CA 19-9 values in 27% of cases,
      repeated bouts in chronic recurrent pancreatitis in as many as 50%. In chronic
      pancreatitis the specificity was 90%. Malignant tumours of pancreas and bile
      ducts were diagnosed with a sensitivity of 80%. Determination of CA 19-9 in pure
      pancreatic secretion failed to differentiate between the control group (30),
      chronic pancreatitis (21) and carcinoma of the pancreas (22).

PMID- 3857160
TI  - [Improving prognosis in childhood leukemia].

PMID- 3857161
TI  - [Comparison of computerized tomography, clinical functional diagnosis, and
      instrumental occlusal analysis].

PMID- 3857162
TI  - [A discussion on the orthodontic movement of implants and implant failures in the
      anterior teeth due to orofacial dyskinesia].

PMID- 3857163
TI  - [Periotest methods--development and clinical trial].

PMID- 3857164
TI  - [Correlation between clinical findings and morphologic composition of the
      subgingival plaque in 2 different periodontal diseases].

PMID- 3857165
TI  - [Miniplate osteosynthesis in subapical osteotomy of the mandible].

PMID- 3857166
TI  - [Problems in the orthodontic-prosthetic treatment of patients with hypodontia].

PMID- 3857167
TI  - [Drug interactions].

PMID- 3857168
TI  - [Studies on the surface quality of dental veneering resins].

PMID- 3857169
TI  - [Effect of potassium thiocyanate on corrosion behavior of non-precious metal
      dental alloys].

PMID- 3857170
TI  - [Reproducibility of model mounting with the Lauritzen technic].

PMID- 3857171
TI  - [Reproducibility of the terminal hinge axis position--a 1 year study].

PMID- 3857173
TI  - Graduate dental hygiene education today to ensure a true profession.

PMID- 3857172
TI  - Post-certificate dental hygienists' education and professional development.

PMID- 3857174
TI  - Enrollment trends in two-year and four-year dental hygiene programs.

PMID- 3857175
TI  - Student participation in program goal assessment.

PMID- 3857176
TI  - Systemic infection with Trichosporon capitatum in two patients with acute
      leukaemia.
AB  - Trichosporon capitatum was isolated from the blood of two patients with acute
      leukaemia who were undergoing induction chemotherapy. Both patients died of their
      infections, and the fungus was cultured from their tissues after death. Systemic
      infection was proved by demonstrating the same pattern of fluorescein-labelled
      lectin staining of fungal elements in the tissues as was shown by the fungal
      isolates.

PMID- 3857177
TI  - Placenta, embryo, and tumor uptake of 67Ga-citrate and 59Fe-citrate.
AB  - The uptake of gallium citrate Ga67 and ferrous citrate Fe59 was studied in
      pregnant rats with or without a 4-dimethylamino-stilben(DS)-induced sarcoma
      tumor. The liver and placenta of the mother concentrated 67Ga, while the uptake
      of 67Ga in the embryo was minimal. However, the embryo showed higher
      concentrations of 59Fe. Preloading with iron did not affect the 67Ga uptake of
      the placenta, but increased the uptake in the blood and liver of the mother. With
      regard to 59Fe uptake, iron loading only affected the embryo liver. Tumors and
      the placenta showed a similar 67Ga uptake but a different incorporation of 59Fe.
      The probable mechanisms involved are discussed.

PMID- 3857178
TI  - Annual meeting of the Belgian Society for Cell Biology, German Society for Cell
      Biology. Bonn, 18-22 March 1985. Polarity--Transport--Skeleton. Abstracts.

PMID- 3857179
TI  - British Society for Cell Biology, spring meeting. Glasgow, 25-29 March 1985.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 3857180
TI  - Optimal schedule for anthracyclines.

PMID- 3857181
TI  - Phase II study of epirubicin in advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.
AB  - The EORTC Gastrointestinal Group has conducted a phase II trial in 41 patients
      with locally advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas with
      epirubicin 90 mg/m2 intravenously every 4 weeks, with dose escalation if
      possible. Seven patients were not evaluable for response. In 34 evaluable
      patients there were two complete and six partial responses (response rate 24%).
      Nine patients had stable disease for at least 2 months, including one patient
      with a minor response. Median time to progression for responders was 7 months,
      for all patients 3 months. Median survival for responders was 9 months, for all
      patients 5 months. It is concluded that epirubicin is an active drug in
      pancreatic cancer.

PMID- 3857182
TI  - Banding karyotype analysis of murine leukemia L1210 cell lines with special
      regard to changes associated with a shift from in vivo to in vitro growth.
AB  - An attempt was made to establish permanent in vitro cultures of L1210 leukemia
      cells under close chromosome control. The investigations involved three
      independent adaptations. The karyotype was analyzed by the G-banding method.
      Chromosome analysis of the in vitro cell populations was carried out as soon as
      they could be analyzed, i.e. immediately after they obtained stable growth in the
      culture. By comparing the karyotype of the in vivo parental cell line with that
      of the derivative sublines in vitro, it was found that only some karyotypic
      variants present in the heterogeneous original population in vivo were able to
      produce cell lineages. In some cases rapid overgrowth of the cell populations by
      newly formed karyotypic variants was observed. In all independently obtained
      sublines changes in the karyotype involved the same chromosomes, thus suggesting
      that these changes were non-random for the process of cell line establishment in
      the system investigated. The observed changes in the number of copies of
      chromosomes 9 and 15 in the cells from the culture seem to indicate that the
      ratio of the genes localized in these chromosomes may be important for the growth
      in perpetuation of the cells.

PMID- 3857183
TI  - A new myelomonoblastic cell line (M20): analysis of properties, differentiation,
      and comparison with other established lines of similar origin.
AB  - A new myelomonoblastic cell line (M20) was established from the peripheral blood
      of a ten-year-old child with acute myeloblastic leukemia, using an improved
      method for supporting the initial stages of cell proliferation. The addition of
      irradiated macrophage monolayers to the proliferating cells appeared to overcome
      the deterioration of the primary cultures and enable them to continue
      proliferating until they became independent of this environment. The cell line
      that developed consisted of myeloblasts and promyelocytes characterized by light
      and scanning electron microscopy, cytochemistry, and enzymatic activities. The
      cells expressed Fc receptors and WT1 antigens but did not exhibit HLA-DR, HMA1,
      Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen, and surface Ig. The M20 cells produced
      colonies when cultured in semisolid medium and secreted lysozyme, prostaglandin
      E2, and interleukin 1. An attempt was also made to analyse the position of the
      M20 cells in the scheme of differentiation of the myelomonocytic lineage using
      different approaches. Treatment of the cells with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13
      acetate induced their adherence to plastic surfaces and partial maturation to
      macrophages as judged by morphological criteria, cytochemistry, and enzyme
      activities. However, comparison of the M20 cells to other well-established
      myelomonoblastic cell lines did not reveal any pattern suggesting a possible
      relationship between surface markers, cell function, and differentiation pathway
      of the various cell lines tested. Establishment of additional cell lines and
      identification of new markers may assist in defining the mechanisms involved in
      normal differentiation and malignant transformation of this cell lineage. In
      addition, such cell lines may also provide a tool for the quantitative recovery
      of a variety of monokines.

PMID- 3857184
TI  - Optimal prescription method for cancer chemotherapy.
AB  - A reexamination of the guidelines for prescriptions for cancer chemotherapy
      suggests that the use of body surface area (BSA) offers a simplification that may
      be open to some question. The same drug dose per BSA will give approximately the
      same toxicity in different age groups and species. This simplification appears to
      be fortuitous, however, as BSA does not correlate with the dose-limiting target
      cells, i.e., the hemopoietic stem cell. In patients with an unmodified
      hemopoietic system, body weight correlates significantly with hemopoietic stem
      cell concentration. It can be shown that changing the prescription unit from BSA
      to kilogram (kg) could lead to safer doses in children and neonates. In general,
      because of low therapeutic index, the expression of cancer chemotherapy drugs per
      dose-limiting normal tissue target cells could lead to safer and more effective
      cancer chemotherapy. New assays for prospective in vitro enumeration of dose
      limiting target cells need to be developed. The indiscriminate use of BSA as a
      drug dose unit is discouraged.

PMID- 3857185
TI  - Hematological toxicity: experience with anthracyclines and anthracenes.
AB  - Documented is hemopoietic toxicity encountered in patients with primary liver
      cancer (PLC), metastatic breast cancer, and colorectal cancer treated with
      various anthracyclines (doxorubicin [adriamycin, ADR], 4-'epidoxorubicin [4
      'epiADR], and esorubicin) or anthracenes (mitoxantrone and bisantrene, as single
      agents as well as different combinations). Mitoxantrone, 14 mg/m2 three times
      weekly, was significantly more toxic than ADR, 60 mg/m2 three times weekly, for
      patients with PLC (P less than 0.01). In patients with colon cancer the toxicity
      of esorubicin did not differ significantly from that of 4-'epiADR. There was a
      tendency toward cumulative leukopenia with mitoxantrone and esorubicin, and
      cumulative thrombocytopenia with mitoxantrone and ADR. Although nadir counts for
      cycles 1 and 3 were similar, the percentage of patients receiving the full
      planned dose by the third cycle differed with the different drugs and in the
      different disease categories. Doxorubicin can be effectively combined with other
      cytostatics (e.g., cyclophosphamide + ADR + fluorouracil) to give improved
      results without undue hemopoietic toxicity in patients with breast cancer.

PMID- 3857186
TI  - Tricyclic antidepressants antagonize prostaglandin (PG) E2-induced contractions
      of the guinea pig ileum and hypomotility in the mouse.
AB  - The interactions of PGE2 and 2 tricyclic antidepressants were tested both on the
      guinea pig ileum and motility in the mouse. PGE2-induced contractions of the
      guinea pig ileum were irreversibly blocked by amitriptyline and desipramine.
      Chronic administration of amitriptyline and desipramine blocked PGE2-induced
      hypomotility in the mouse.

PMID- 3857187
TI  - Biosynthesis of androgens and pheromonal steroids in neonatal porcine testicular
      preparations.
AB  - The biosynthesis of testosterone and 4-androstene-3,17-dione and some 16
      androstenes has been studied in homogenates or subcellular fractions of testes
      from 3-week-old Landrace piglets. Pregnenolone was converted into 5,16
      androstadien-3 beta-ol, 4,16-androstadien-3-one, 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one and
      5 alpha-androst-16-en-3 alpha- and 3 beta-ols, but the quantities were some 50
      times less than those formed in the mature boar testis. Androgens were also
      formed in the microsomal fractions but the quantities of 4-androstene-3,17-dione
      (from side-chain cleavage of 17-hydroxyprogesterone) and of testosterone (from
      reduction of 4-androstene-3,17-dione) were 50-70 times lower than in the adult
      animal. The kinetic parameters and cofactor preference of the 3 alpha- and 3 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases were determined in the cytosolic, microsomal and
      mitochondrial fractions of neonatal porcine testes.

PMID- 3857188
TI  - The relationship between prostaglandins and histamine in the ovulatory process as
      determined with the in vitro perfused rabbit ovary.
AB  - The process of follicle rupture has been described as an inflammatory reaction in
      which prostaglandins (PGs) and/or histamine may be involved. With an in vitro
      perfused rabbit ovary preparation, experiments were carried out for determination
      of whether a relationship exists among PGs, histamine, and ovulation. PGF2 alpha
      alone was capable of inducing ovulation when added to the perfusion fluid at 1,
      10, and 100 ng/ ml. Effectiveness in achieving ovulation varied directly with the
      dosage; however, the ovulatory efficiency of PGF2 alpha-treated ovaries was lower
      than that of ovaries exposed to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 100 IU). PGF2
      alpha-induced ovulation could not be blocked by the H2 receptor antagonist,
      cimetidine. The PG synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, did not prevent histamine
      induced ovulation. Ovulation induced by hCG was partially blocked by the
      administration of indomethacin; however, the concomitant administration of
      cimetidine was not associated with further reduction in ovulation. In all but one
      experimental group, the majority of ovulated ova did not progress beyond the
      intact germinal vesicle stage unless the ovaries had been exposed to hCG. On the
      basis of these experiments, PGs and histamine do not appear to be interdependent
      in their effects on the ovulatory process in vitro.

PMID- 3857189
TI  - [Prognosis of dental arch insufficiency in the premolar and canine region by the
      Moyers index].

PMID- 3857190
TI  - [Organization of and experience with on-the-job continuing dental education in
      Godollo].

PMID- 3857191
TI  - [Experience with the correction of cleft lip and palate in adults].

PMID- 3857192
TI  - [Partial anodontia with congenital absence of the germs of all permanent molars.
      Case report].

PMID- 3857193
TI  - [10-year experience in the surgical management of prognathism].

PMID- 3857194
TI  - [Stomatologic implications of multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 3857195
TI  - [Molar replantation].

PMID- 3857196
TI  - [Loss of adhesiveness in teeth extracted for periodontal disease and caries].

PMID- 3857197
TI  - [Treatment of xerostomia with pilocarpine. Based on l5 years' experience and
      treatment of 500 patients].

PMID- 3857198
TI  - [Approximal surfaces of class II amalgam fillings].

PMID- 3857199
TI  - One-man practice: computer an asset in office and home.

PMID- 3857201
TI  - Time in with dental robot: next time he'll say ouch!

PMID- 3857200
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis: diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 3857202
TI  - Innovative teenager matches tooth patterns.

PMID- 3857203
TI  - Operation IDENT/nursing home screening project. Broward County, Florida.

PMID- 3857204
TI  - Management, motivation and morale, part II.

PMID- 3857205
TI  - What's your practice worth? The TLC approach to practice value.

PMID- 3857206
TI  - In group practice, supermarket technique works.

PMID- 3857207
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in testes of the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina in
      relation to plasma testosterone, delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and
      cholesterol.
AB  - Ultrastructural changes in the testes of the common snapping turtle, Chelydra
      serpentina, were observed throughout the year. Plasma testosterone levels were
      measured and compared with the occurrence of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD), cholesterol, and steroidogenic ultrastructural
      features (smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), mitochondria with tubular cristae)
      in Sertoli and Leydig cells. The testosterone level is highest in May and October
      (mating) and relatively low during the rest of the year. Fluctuations in 3 beta
      HSD and cholesterol are consistent with the interpretation that the Leydig cells
      are potentially active throughout the year. They undergo very little
      ultrastructural change, (tubular SER to vesiculate and loss of golgi during
      spermatogenesis and in the winter). Sertoli cells are active only during
      spermatogenesis from May through October and become inactive until the next
      cycle; 3 beta-HSD, cholesterol and ultrastructural features change more
      drastically in the Sertoli cells than in the Leydig cells. These results are
      discussed with reference to the hypothesis that testosterone of Leydig origin is
      concerned mainly with mating behavior and that of Sertoli origin with
      spermatogenesis and maturation of sperm.

PMID- 3857208
TI  - [Medical genetic research on the Khanty population of the Ovgort rural district
      of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous territory].
AB  - The results of medico-genetical studies of the Khanty from the Lower Ob river
      carried out by Tomsk Department of Institute of Medical Genetics of Academy of
      Medical Sciences of the USSR are presented. The population is characterized by a
      relatively high index of endogamy (0.54) and a low inbreeding coefficient
      (0.0011). Diseases of the polygenic mode of inheritance predominate among
      nosological forms of hereditary pathology.

PMID- 3857209
TI  - [Results and experiences in kindergarten care].

PMID- 3857210
TI  - Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults.
AB  - Thirty-seven adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated with a
      protocol called HEAV'D including Adriamycin, Vincristine, L-Asparaginase,
      Cyclophosphamide and Dexamethasone. The complete remission rate was 70 per cent.
      The median duration of remission was more than 30 months. Patients with initial
      leukocyte count below 20 000/mmc experienced a longer remission (median not
      reached) than patients with a leukocyte count above 20 000/mmc (median 10
      months).

PMID- 3857211
TI  - Modifications in the classification of primary myelodysplastic syndromes: the
      addition of a scoring system.
AB  - A retrospective series of patients with the primary myelodysplastic syndrome has
      been reviewed and the survival updated. A scoring system is proposed that has
      advantages in predicting survival outcome. The importance of either
      dysmegakaryocytopoiesis or dysgranulocytopoiesis is emphasized because of its
      prognostic impact on leukaemic progression. Over 50 per cent of the patients die
      from either acute leukaemia or consequences of defective marrow production of
      granulocytes and platelets. Although only a few cases were included, the RAEB-T
      group has a very poor outcome and appears much closer to FAB M2 in biologic
      behaviour than RAEB. Both the criteria for the FAB subtypes and the scoring
      system can be applied easily in each case of myelodysplasia. Of the 56 patients
      only 9 were still alive as of April, 1984. Eight of these were in the RA-S and RA
      categories (or using the scoring system grouping 7 were group 1). All of the 16
      patients who progressed to overt AML died within 4 weeks, and none was treated
      with chemotherapy. Of the remaining 31 patients, half died as a result of
      infection and/or haemorrhage and the remainder from apparently unrelated causes
      (cardiovascular, carcinoma, renal failure). These latter deaths are not
      surprising in light of the median age of 72 years.

PMID- 3857212
TI  - JCAH Board of Commissioners approves changes regarding medical staff bylaws.

PMID- 3857213
TI  - Regional chromosome mapping of human collagen genes alpha 2(I) and alpha 1(I)
      (COLIA2 and COLIA1).
AB  - For the assignment of the genes for the pro-alpha 2(I) (COLIA2) and the pro-alpha
      1(I) (COLIA1) collagens, cDNA and genomic DNA probes were used in in situ
      hybridization experiments on human prometaphase chromosomes. An improved staining
      method is reported for the simultaneous identification of chromosomes and the
      autoradiographic grains after the hybridization procedures. With this procedure
      more cells with higher resolution could be used for the assignment of genes by in
      situ hybridization. Statistical analysis of the grains located on respectively
      660 and 302 metaphases using pro-alpha 2(I) and pro alpha 1(I) DNA probes,
      confirmed the assignment of these genes to human chromosomes 7 and 17. Analysis
      of the grain distribution on prometaphase chromosomes showed that the location of
      the pro-alpha 2(I) collagen gene is in the region 7q21.3-22.1. The location of
      the pro-alpha 1(I) collagen gene was found to be in band 17q21.31-2205.

PMID- 3857214
TI  - Forty four probands with an additional "marker" chromosome.
AB  - Information is presented which has been obtained from an exhaustive examination
      of 44 probands with a supernumerary marker chromosome (mar) and their families.
      The data include the derivation of the mar, frequency in various populations,
      inheritance and possible effect on fertility, congenital abnormality, and mental
      ability. The practical problems in assessing the risk of abnormality in a foetus
      discovered during prenatal diagnosis to be carrying a mar, are discussed.

PMID- 3857215
TI  - Assignment of human ferritin genes to chromosomes 11 and 19q13.3----19qter.
AB  - Extracts of hamster-human and mouse-human hybrids, some with translocations
      involving chromosome 19, have been assayed for both human spleen ferritin (rich
      in L subunits) and human heart ferritin (rich in H subunits). Hybrid lines
      retaining part of the long arm of chromosome 19 including the region 19q13.3---
      19qter produced human "L" type ferritin. This confirms the previous assignment of
      the "ferritin gene" to chromosome 19 (Caskey et al. 1983). However, lines
      retaining chromosome 11 were found to contain human "H" type ferritin suggesting
      that the gene for the "H" subunit is on this chromosome. The presence of
      chromosome 6 was not necessary for the expression of either "H" or "L" type human
      ferritin. It thus seems unlikely that the gene for idiopathic haemochromatosis is
      a ferritin gene.

PMID- 3857216
TI  - Haptoglobin and transferrin types in schizophrenia.
AB  - Haptoglobin and transferrin types were studied in schizophrenic patients and
      controls. In the haptoglobin system a significant departure from the Hardy
      Weinberg equilibrium with an excess of heterozygotes was found among the patients
      (p less than 0.01). The distribution of haptoglobin types in the schizophrenic
      patients was significantly different from that in the controls. The distribution
      of transferrin types showed a good agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
      There was no significant difference between patients and controls with respect to
      transferrin types.

PMID- 3857217
TI  - The use of incompletely linked markers in genetic counseling: accuracy versus
      linkage.
AB  - The utility of incompletely linked, selectively neutral, multiallelic markers for
      tracing the transmission of associated genes is examined theoretically for all
      genetic counseling situations in which the diagnosis of deleterious progeny is in
      question. The analysis focuses on the fraction of progeny from each two locus
      mating which can be diagnosed with minimal accuracy A solely on the basis of the
      marker alleles transmitted, as a function of A, the recombination fraction
      between the loci, and the gametic frequency distribution in the population.
      Together the results allow a quantitative assessment of the diagnostic value of a
      given marker-target locus association to the total population of at-risk
      individuals.

PMID- 3857218
TI  - Effect of short-term & long-term treatment of PGF2 alpha on cholesterol fractions
      in the ovary, vagina & serum of albino rat.

PMID- 3857219
TI  - Epirubicin in colorectal cancer. A phase II study of the early clinical trials
      group (EORTC).
AB  - Epirubicin, a stereoisomer of doxorubicin with suggested lower potential for
      cardiotoxicity in experimental animal tumor systems, was studied in a disease
      oriented phase II trial in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The drug was
      given as a direct iv injection of 90 mg/m2 q 3 weeks. No objective response was
      observed in 52 evaluable patients with colon (n = 34) and rectal (n = 18)
      carcinoma. Fourteen patients (27%) had stable disease for a median of four
      treatment courses. Leukopenia (88%), nausea and vomiting (71%) and alopecia (54%)
      were the most common toxic effects. We conclude that epirubicin at the present
      dose and schedule is an ineffective agent in patients with metastatic colorectal
      cancer.

PMID- 3857220
TI  - Effect of methotrexate on the immune response in children with acute lymphatic
      leukaemia.
AB  - Lymphocyte count, lymphocyte subpopulations identified by monoclonal antibodies
      and mitogen stimulation assays with phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed
      mitogen and staphylococcal protein A, were used to quantitate the effect of
      methotrexate on the immune response in children with acute lymphatic leukaemia on
      maintenance therapy. Methotrexate exerted a profound but apparently short-term
      effect on these parameters as it is prescribed in current maintenance schedules
      for childhood acute lymphatic leukaemia. A significant drop in lymphocyte count,
      affecting all subpopulations, was observed 4 h after oral or intramuscular
      administration of methotrexate which had reverted to pre-methotrexate values one
      week after the drug was given. Lymphocyte function was markedly affected, with a
      major decrease in mitogen responsiveness 1 h after methotrexate and a reversion
      to pre-methotrexate values by 48 h. A selectivity of suppressor T cells to
      methotrexate is proposed as being responsible for early recovery. Scheduling of
      methotrexate in current maintenance programmes would therefore appear to allow
      adequate time for recovery of immunoresponsiveness between doses.

PMID- 3857221
TI  - Clinicopathologic aspects of acute leukemias in the dog.
AB  - Nineteen cases of canine acute leukemia were diagnosed during a 4-year period.
      Two main categories were identified on the basis of cytologic, hematologic, and
      clinical features: acute lymphoid leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia.
      Clinical features included history of weight loss, anorexia, shifting limb
      lameness, and incoordination. Physical findings were characterized by
      hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, mild generalized lymphadenopathy, and pallor. Ocular
      lesions were found in 29% of dogs with acute myelogenous leukemia. Hematologic
      abnormalities included anemia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, leukemia, and
      leukoerythroblastic reactions. Results of therapy were discouraging.

PMID- 3857222
TI  - Effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha, phenylephrine and ergonovine on uterine
      contractions in the ewe.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha
      (PGF2 alpha), phenylephrine and ergonovine on uterine contractions. In the first
      experiment, ewes were bilaterally ovariectomized, and a strain gauge force
      transducer was sutured to the serosa of one uterine horn. Each ewe was treated sc
      with 2 micrograms of estradiol-17 beta daily to prevent regression of the uterus.
      Beginning at least 5 d after ovariectomy, four dose levels of PGF2 alpha,
      phenylephrine and methoxamine were given by im injection and ergonovine was given
      by im or iv injection. Phenylephrine, methoxamine and ergonovine are alpha
      adrenoceptor agonists. Uterine activity was recorded by physiograph for 30 min
      before and 90 min after treatment. Tracing were analyzed for 20-min periods
      before treatment and 4 to 24 min and 50 to 70 min after treatment. In Exp. 2,
      transducers were attached to uteri of intact ewes at d 10 to 12 of an estrous
      cycle. During subsequent estrus, one or two dose levels of PGF2 alpha,
      phenylephrine and ergonovine were given by im injection and uterine activity
      recorded. In Exp. 1, PGF2 alpha and phenylephrine increased (P less than .05 or
      .01) the number of amplitude of contractions at both 4 to 24 and 50 to 70 min.
      Ergonovine given im increased the number of contractions. In intact estrous ewes,
      PGF2 alpha increased the number and amplitude of contractions at 4 to 24 min,
      phenylephrine increased the number and amplitude at both 4 to 24 and 50 to 70
      min, and ergonovine increased the number slightly but significantly at 4 to 24
      min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3857223
TI  - Identification of molybdoproteins in Clostridium pasteurianum.
AB  - Cells of Clostridium pasteurianum whose N source is switched from NH3 to N2
      accumulate large amounts of molybdenum beginning 1.5 h before the detection of
      nitrogenase activity. Anaerobic multiphasic gel electrophoresis and anion
      exchange chromatography were used to identify the molybdoproteins and molybdenum
      containing components present in N2-fixing cells. In addition to molybdate, six
      distinct 99Mo-labeled species were detected, i.e., a membrane fragment, the MoFe
      protein of nitrogenase, formate dehydrogenase, a Mo "binding-storage" protein, a
      30-kilodalton molybdoprotein, and a low-molecular-weight molybdenum species. Of
      these, the MoFe protein, formate dehydrogenase, and the Mo binding-storage
      protein were present in more than one zone because of complex formation with
      other proteins, partial denaturation, and variation in the amount of Mo bound to
      the protein, respectively. In addition to the six proteins, a soluble "free" Mo
      cofactor in the cytosol was detected by showing that it reconstituted nitrate
      reductase activity in crude extracts of the Neurospora crassa mutant nit-1.

PMID- 3857224
TI  - Regulation and order of involvement of molybdoproteins during synthesis of
      molybdoenzymes in Clostridium pasteurianum.
AB  - The accumulation of 99Mo (from 99MoO4(2-) into molybdenum-containing species in
      Clostridium pasteurianum was investigated to identify the molybdoprotein(s)
      involved in Mo metabolism. Mo accumulation by clostridial cells during the
      derepression of the nitrogenase system increased substantially beginning 1.5 h
      before nitrogenase activity was detected. The increase in Mo accumulation by the
      cells is a result of the incorporation of Mo into a high-molecular-weight
      molybdenum species (suspected membrane fragments), a low-molecular-weight
      molybdenum species, a Mo binding-storage protein, a 30-kilodalton molybdoprotein,
      and formate dehydrogenase. Mo incorporation into the MoFe protein was detected 1
      h after the onset of metal uptake. Kinetics of Mo accumulation into the
      molybdoproteins during the derepression of nitrogenase suggests that Mo
      incorporation or uptake or both occur in the following sequence: (i) membranes
      and MoO4(2-), (ii) a low-molecular-weight molybdenum species, (iii) Mo binding
      storage protein and a 30-kilodalton molybdoprotein, (iv) formate dehydrogenase,
      and (v) the MoFe protein. The intracellular level of all molybdenum components
      except the MoFe protein appears to be influenced by the availability of Mo.
      Clostridial cells grown in the presence of a limiting amount of Mo became Mo
      deficient as a result of growth and a MoO4(2-) supplement added to such cells
      rapidly accumulated within the cells to levels five times that found in steady
      state nitrogen-fixing cells. The Mo accumulated by the Mo-deficient cells was
      rapidly incorporated into preformed demolybdoproteins in the absence of de novo
      protein synthesis. The increase in Mo accumulation by Mo-deficient cells was a
      result of an increase in all molybdoproteins except the MoFe protein.

PMID- 3857225
TI  - Effects of pulp removal and organ culture on adult rat incisor odontoblasts.
AB  - The morphological integrity of adult rat incisor odontoblasts was studied to
      determine the effects of pulp removal and subsequent incubation. From each pair
      of maxillary incisors one was left intact while the pulp from the other one was
      removed. Both series were incubated in BGJb medium according to the Trowell
      method. Morphometrical measurements of the thickness of the odontoblast layer and
      the size and shape of the odontoblast nuclei were performed on photomicrographs
      of transverse sections of the incisors. After pulp removal the odontoblasts
      seemed disorganized and their nuclei were darker and more rounded. During
      incubation the odontoblasts did not recover from the effect of this pulp removal
      and degenerative changes were frequently seen. In the culture of the complete
      tooth organ the morphological integrity of the odontoblasts was much better
      preserved. Therefore the organ culture of intact teeth seems more favourable.

PMID- 3857226
TI  - [Ultrastructure of hyperpigmented gingiva due to metallic deposits from dental
      restorations].
AB  - An ultrastructural study of hyperpigmented gingival fragments due to metallic
      deposits, originating from fixed or amalgam restorations, has shown the presence
      of metallic particles in the lamina propria either in extracellular locations
      between collagen fibrils, in basal lamina of gingival keratinocytes, endothelial
      cells and Schwann cells, or in intracellular locations in macrophages,
      fibroblasts or endothelial cells.

PMID- 3857227
TI  - [Prostaglandin synthesis by dispersed cells from the submandibular gland of the
      rat. Effect of pH and calcium].
AB  - Qualitative study by HPLC of PGs synthesis by rat sub-maxillary glands cells
      shows that PGE2 and PGF2 alpha are synthetized predominantly. PGF2 alpha
      synthesis is essentially related to extracellular ionic concentration of H+ and
      Ca++ suggesting that the activation of phospholipase A2 or C is more important
      than the concentration of other enzymes such as 9 intracytoplasmic ceto
      reductase. Modulation of PGs synthesis by sub-maxillary gland cells by extra
      cellular factors suggests a possible interaction between hormones (angiotensine
      II, catecholamines) and phospholipase A2 or C of the cell membrane of these
      cells.

PMID- 3857228
TI  - Cohesive and adhesive fracture patterns of the composite-enamel bond.
AB  - A method was developed to adhere composite to a small (1 mm2) surface of human
      enamel. The geometrical configuration resulted in a complex stress distribution
      in the vicinity of the composite-enamel bond during fracture in a tension test.
      The fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The observed
      fracture areas at the enamel showed cohesive (composite-composite) as well as
      adhesive (composite-enamel) parts. The adhesive part of the fracture surface was
      surrounded by a composite wall. The typical fracture pattern can be explained by
      the complex stress situation and the deviant structure of the composite near the
      edge.

PMID- 3857229
TI  - Phosphorylation of high mobility group protein 14 by casein kinase II.
AB  - Phosphorylation of chromosomal high mobility group (HMG) protein 14 by casein
      kinase II has been characterized. Two mol of 32P are incorporated per mol of
      bovine HMG 14. Kinetic analysis provided evidence for two distinct sites with
      apparent Km values of 14.5 and 134 microM and respective Vmax values of 0.17 and
      0.68 mumol/min/mg casein kinase II. Tryptic peptide mapping identified two
      phosphorylated products, each with phosphoserine. Amino acid composition and
      sequence analysis demonstrate that the major high affinity phosphorylation site
      for casein kinase II is serine 89. This sequence located at the carboxyl-terminal
      of HMG 14 contains the primary sequence determinants for casein kinase II. On the
      basis of reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and amino acid
      analysis, HMG 14, serine 99 represents the low affinity phosphorylation site.

PMID- 3857230
TI  - The role of Ca2+ in dimethyl sulfoxide-induced differentiation of Friend
      erythroleukemia cells.
AB  - Cultured Friend cells can be induced by dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) and several
      other agents to mature along the erythroid pathway. Evidence has been presented
      that an increase in Ca2+ influx is an early and necessary prelude to the
      commitment to maturation by these cells (Levenson, R., Housman, D., and Cantley,
      L. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 5948-5952). The simplest hypothesis
      supporting all the available data is that Me2SO and other inducers elevate the
      cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. We have now measured cytosolic Ca2+ using the
      fluorescent indicator quin-2, and find, contrary to expectation, a small decrease
      upon treatment of cells with Me2SO. Cytosolic Ca2+ was increased by raising the
      Ca2+ in the medium, but was not dramatically altered by addition of ouabain or
      monensin or by incubation in Na+-free medium. Measurement of total cell Ca2+ by a
      triple-labeling technique using 3H2O and 125I-albumin to determine cell water and
      extracellular space, respectively, revealed no significant change upon treatment
      with Me2SO for up to 40 h. A decrease in the initial rate of 45Ca2+ influx was
      observed in Me2SO-treated cells, when measured at 4 degrees C. These data do not
      support the hypothesis that an increase in cell Ca2+ is necessary for the
      induction of Friend cell differentiation or that Na+/Ca2+ exchange is a
      significant regulator of cytosolic Ca2+ in Friend cells.

PMID- 3857231
TI  - Immunochemistry of I/i-active oligo- and polyglycosylceramides from rabbit
      erythrocyte membranes. Characterization of linear, di-, and triantennary
      neolactoglycosphingolipids.
AB  - A triantennary ceramide pentadecasaccharide (BIrab-2) with blood group I and B
      like activity and an unbranched ceramide heptasaccharide (Birab) with i- and B
      like activity were isolated in high yield from rabbit erythrocyte membranes. The
      structures of the native substances and the products obtained after treatment
      with alpha-galactosidase (BIrab-2 alpha, Birab alpha) and subsequent Smith
      degradation (BIrab-2 alpha SD) were determined by sugar analysis, methylation
      analysis, and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry of the permethylated
      derivatives. Together with the results of 1H NMR analysis (Dabrowski, U.,
      Hanfland, P., Egge, H., Kuhn, S., and Dabrowski, J. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259,
      7649-7651), the following structures were established for the native substances:
      (formula; see text) and Gal alpha 1----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta
      1----4GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4Glc beta 1----1Cer. Both compounds exhibit
      strong blood group B-like activity. BIrab-2 alpha is a strong receptor for human
      anti-I cold agglutinin and Birab for anti-i cold agglutinin.

PMID- 3857232
TI  - Academic achievement and intelligence test performance in children with cancer at
      diagnosis and one year later.
AB  - Recent investigations have found significant test-retest decline in certain
      academic achievement and intelligence test scores in children diagnosed as having
      acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) before 8 years of age. No such effect was
      observed in children diagnosed at or later than age 8 years. The current study,
      using a sample of 77 children with ALL, failed to support these findings. No
      significant differences were found between groups at test or retest nor were
      significant declines seen for either group from test to retest 1 year later.
      Reasons for differences in findings between studies, including methodological and
      samples size differences, are discussed along with implications for future
      research in this area.

PMID- 3857234
TI  - Oral isotretinoin therapy for familial Muir-Torre syndrome.
AB  - Two representative cases of familial Muir-Torre syndrome are presented. Multiple
      benign sebaceous neoplasms in both cases and a solitary keratoacanthoma in one
      were successfully treated with oral isotretinoin. Low-dose maintenance therapy
      has stabilized the cutaneous manifestations in the two patients, and no new
      epithelial neoplasms have appeared. This report emphasizes (1) the rationale for
      the use of isotretinoin in the Muir-Torre syndrome and (2) the potential for a
      familial pattern of inheritance and a possible association with the cancer family
      syndrome. It speculates on the prevention of future internal malignancies in Muir
      Torre syndrome patients by maintenance oral isotretinoin treatment.

PMID- 3857233
TI  - Clostridium difficile in haematological malignancy.
AB  - Twenty patients with haematological malignancies who developed Clostridium
      difficile bowel infection or colonisation are described. All isolates of C
      difficile were toxigenic in vitro and faecal cytotoxin (toxin B) was detected in
      20/26 episodes. Ten of 20 episodes with detectable faecal cytotoxin were
      associated with typical antibiotic associated diarrhoea. In the other 10 episodes
      (nine patients), there was a severe unusual illness which was associated with
      detection of C difficile. The unusual features of the illness were pronounced
      jaundice (total bilirubin greater than or equal to 44 mumol/l), abdominal pain
      and distension, and initial constipation followed either by diarrhoea or by large
      bowel stasis. Four of these patients died within seven days. Bacteraemia was
      often a presenting feature in neutropenic patients subsequently shown to have C
      difficile. This was not the case in non-neutropenic patients. Bacteraemia was
      commonly polymicrobial and in two cases C difficile was isolated from blood
      culture. The clinical implications of recognition of this atypical C difficile
      associated syndrome are discussed.

PMID- 3857235
TI  - Strenuous exercise and elevated creatine phosphokinase in patients taking
      isotretinoin.

PMID- 3857236
TI  - Elevated CPK and isotretinoin.

PMID- 3857237
TI  - A cutaneous sign of bulimia.

PMID- 3857239
TI  - Deep bacterial penetration of early proximal caries lesions in young human
      premolars.
AB  - The aim of the study was to assess the frequency and extent of bacterial invasion
      in proximal small caries lesions of young human premolars. The teeth were
      fractured longitudinally through the lesion and examined under a scanning
      electron microscope. In two out of twelve teeth with incipient caries and without
      any cavitation, bacteria could be seen in both enamel and dentin; in one,
      penetrating the dentin to a depth of 1.5 mm from the dentinoenamel junction. In
      both lesions the chaulkiness extended to about half of the enamel thickness.

PMID- 3857238
TI  - Attempts surgically to induce chorionic fusion between embryos.
AB  - Intercornual fistulas were made in the uteri of 19 ewes in an attempt to induce
      chorionic fusion between fetuses. Ewes were 28 to 40 days pregnant with at least
      one fetus per horn. Sections were removed from the dorsomedial wall of each
      uterine horn, and left and right horns were sutured together around the openings
      to produce the fistulas. In some cases a doughnut-shaped sheet of silastic was
      inserted between the horns, and in most cases the chorioallantoic membranes of
      the respective fetuses were sutured to one another prior to suturing the uterine
      walls. In the 16 animals in which intercornual fistulas were constructed in the
      area of the intercornual ligament, no chorionic anastomosis was induced. In one
      of the three animals in which fistulas were produced distal to that ligament, the
      fistula remained patent 25 days post-surgery, and membranes of two female fetuses
      were joined, through the opening, by a narrow strand of chorionic tissue. We
      concluded that this technique was not a promising one for induction of
      choriovascular anastomosis.

PMID- 3857240
TI  - Cyclic neutropenia: a literature review and report of case.

PMID- 3857241
TI  - Acquired unilateral condylar hyperplasia and facial asymmetry: report of case.
AB  - A clinical report is presented of a 12-year-old female with right mandibular
      hyperplasia, facial asymmetry, bitemporal headaches and left temporomandibular
      joint pain. Past medical history was noncontributory with the exception of a
      bicycle accident at age eight, which resulted in minor facial trauma. The
      management and treatment of this case illustrates the importance of long-term
      follow-up by the pedodontist and the necessity of a team approach involving
      pedodontics, orthodontics and oral surgery.

PMID- 3857242
TI  - Hyperdontia in children below four years of age: a radiographic study.
AB  - Sixty-six children (forty-one boys and twenty-five girls) were evaluated for
      differences in characteristics of premaxillary hyperdontia between the primary
      and permanent dentitions. The study population had forty-five supernumerary teeth
      in their primary dentitions and fifty supernumerary teeth in their permanent
      dentitions. Eighty percent of the primary supernumerary teeth were located in the
      lateral incisor regions, in proper alignment within the dental arch. Sixty-two
      percent of the supernumerary teeth in the permanent dentitions were situated in
      the central incisor regions; 90 percent were outside the dental arch, mostly
      palatal; and 42 percent were inverted. Seventy-three percent of the supernumerary
      teeth in the primary dentitions had erupted. Twin tooth formation occurred in
      twenty-eight patients, the majority in the primary dentition; but in eleven
      children, both dentitions were involved. Interference with the normal dentition
      occurred most often in the permanent dentition. Children with primary
      supernumeraries exhibit a greater chance of hyperdontia in the permanent
      dentition than do others.

PMID- 3857243
TI  - Hereditary agenesis of ten maxillary posterior teeth: a family history.
AB  - A family is described, where the mother and her two sons had similar bilateral
      congenital absences of the following maxillary teeth: the second premolars, the
      first, second and possibly the third molars, as well as, in the sons, the second
      primary molars. The size, shape and formation of the remaining teeth were within
      normal limits. The near relatives of the parents had no history of hypodontia.
      The family members were otherwise healthy except that the mother and one of the
      sons had a slight nasality of speech. Moreover, the mother and both sons had
      adhesive otitis.

PMID- 3857244
TI  - Dentinal dysplasia type I: report of case.

PMID- 3857245
TI  - Food allergy and food intolerance.
AB  - Adverse reactions to foods and food additives include those that involve an
      immune mechanism of reaction (food allergies) and those that are non
      immunological in nature (food intolerance). The signs and symptoms of food
      allergy usually involve the skin and gastrointestinal tract and are "classic"
      allergic symptoms. Food intolerance occurs more frequently at all ages. A number
      of food additives have been implicated in food intolerance, as none involve an
      immune mechanism of reaction. The role of food additives in food intolerance is
      not well established in many cases, has been discounted in others and continues
      to be the subject of current research. Although the history of events concerning
      an adverse reaction is important and gives clues to the specific type of problem
      (food allergy versus food intolerance), confirmation of the reaction is sometimes
      desirable. This can be done either by use of a standard elimination diet of non
      allergic foods, followed by open challenge or by DBFC for more difficult
      situations. Food allergy skin testing and other in vitro immunologic tests may be
      helpful as supplemental information in those cases where food allergy is
      suspected. The best treatment for an adverse reaction to food is avoidance.
      Unproven and unapproved diagnostic (e.g., leukocytotoxic test) and therapeutic
      techniques (e.g., sublinqual neutralization) are not recommended in food allergy
      management.

PMID- 3857246
TI  - Vitamin use and abuse.

PMID- 3857247
TI  - Malnutrition and the oral health of children in Ogbomosho, Nigeria.
AB  - Fifty-two Nigerian children, forty-five of whom were severely malnourished were
      examined to ascertain their level of oral health. Enamel hypoplasia, dental
      caries, gingivitis and periodontitis were given special attention in this study,
      and each of these disorders was found to be more frequently seen in the
      malnourished child. In a followup study of the malnourished children treated at
      the Baptist nutritional center there was improvement in the children's oral
      health, manifested by improvement of their gingivitis and periodontitis as the
      child's nutritional level and general health improved. Other oral findings were
      noted and recorded, including two patients with cancrum oris (noma) and others
      with angular chelitis, cleft palate, fungal infections, and a peculiar intrinsic
      black stain of the teeth, among others.

PMID- 3857248
TI  - Some thoughts on trade unionism in medicine.

PMID- 3857249
TI  - Divisional Abstracts, supported by the International College of Dentists.

PMID- 3857250
TI  - The biology of dentin and pulp. Proceedings of an international workshop.
      Charlotte, North Carolina, June 10-13, 1984.

PMID- 3857251
TI  - Odontoblast differentiation and the formation of the odontoblast layer.
AB  - Origin, cell kinetics, and phenotypic aspects of odontoblast cell lineage are
      described. Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions regulate odontoblast
      differentiation. These interactions appear to be mediated by the extracellular
      matrix. Possible molecular mechanisms of cell-matrix interactions are discussed.
      Questions still unanswered are recommended for investigation.

PMID- 3857252
TI  - The extracellular matrix of the dental pulp and dentin.
AB  - The dental pulp is a loose connective tissue, characterized by its specific
      anatomical location. Its extracellular components are obvious subjects for study,
      since such components are largely responsible for the physiological properties of
      the tissue. Several clinically important processes occur extracellularly, e.g.,
      defense mechanisms such as inflammatory reactions and formation of calcified
      tissue. The dental mesenchyme has a crucial role during early tooth
      morphogenesis. The dental pulp, or rather the dental papilla, seems to have only
      an indirect role during dentinogenesis. This review discusses proteoglycans and
      glycosaminoglycans, fibronectin and other non-collagenous proteins, and the
      different types of collagen that have been studied in pulp connective tissue.
      With regard to its biochemical constituents, the pulp is similar to other loose
      connective tissues. Collagen type I is the major fibrous component, but collagen
      type III also constitutes a large portion. Fibronectin is present, as is a high
      content of proteoglycan. In the proteoglycans, all normally occurring connective
      tissue glycosaminoglycans can be demonstrated. The composition of the pulpal
      extracellular matrix during tooth development is quite different from that of the
      mature tooth. Thus, it is important not to draw any too-far-reaching conclusions
      about the situation in human pulp from results obtained by studying pulp from
      animal teeth with ongoing dentinogenesis. In spite of their common ancestry, pulp
      and dentin differ considerably in extracellular matrix composition. Proteoglycans
      and collagen type I are present in dentin. No type III collagen or fibronectin
      can be found in the dentin, although it is present in the dental pulp.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3857253
TI  - Differentiation of pulpal cells and inductive influences of various matrices with
      reference to pulpal wound healing.
AB  - Based on recent literature, the dynamics of mesenchymal cells in transplantation
      of various tissues and matrices, as well as the origin of new odontoblasts which
      participate in the formation of the dentin bridge, are described. Experiments
      involving implantation of pulp, periosteum, perichondrium, treated dentin, and
      bone matrices were performed to emphasize the capability of these cells to
      produce hard tissue. Light and electron microscopic and autoradiographic studies
      were carried out to clarify the origin of replacement odontoblasts. It appears
      that the pulp cells, endothelial cells, and pericytes become undifferentiated
      mesenchymal cells following pulp exposure. These mesenchymal cells differentiate
      into odontoblasts, which subsequently produce a dentin matrix. Pulp tissues
      autografted to non-pulpal sites, elaborated bone (or osteodentin) matrix, but
      they did not graft to tubular dentin. An experiment on dentin bridge formation,
      using germ-free rats, demonstrated that the pulp tissue has intrinsic healing
      potential. Therefore, it was concluded that the ability of pulp tissue to
      elaborate hard tissues depends on its environment.

PMID- 3857254
TI  - Effects of calcium hydroxide-containing pulp-capping agents on pulp cell
      migration, proliferation, and differentiation.
AB  - The findings from the recent literature on pulpal cell responses to the
      application of calcium hydroxide to exposed pulps are described. The effect of
      calcium hydroxide on healthy and inflamed pulp is discussed. The effect of
      incorporation of calcium hydroxide in various pulp-capping agents is presented.
      The initial effect of calcium hydroxide applied to exposed pulp is the
      development of a superficial three-layer necrosis. The beneficial effect of
      calcium hydroxide is regarded as the result of the chemical injury caused by the
      hydroxyl ions, limited by a zone of firm necrosis against the vital tissue, and
      the toleration of calcium ions by the tissue. The firm necrosis causes slight
      irritation and stimulates the pulp to defense and repair. The observed sequence
      of tissue reactions is that which is expected when connective tissue is wounded.
      It starts with vascular and inflammatory cell migration and proliferation, to
      control and elimination of the irritating agent. This is followed by the repair
      process, including migration and proliferation of mesenchymal and endothelial
      pulp cells and formation of collagen. When the pulp is protected from irritation,
      odontoblasts differentiate, and the tissue formed assumes the appearance of
      dentin, i.e., the function of the pulp is normalized. The mineralization of the
      collagen starts with dystrophic calcification of both the zone of firm necrosis
      and the degenerated cells in the adjacent tissue, leading to deposition of
      mineral in the newly-formed collagen. The presence of calcium ions stimulates
      precipitation of calcium carbonate in the wound area and thereby contributes to
      the initiation of mineralization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3857255
TI  - Reaction paper: odontoblasts.

PMID- 3857256
TI  - The role of dental pulp--thoughts on the session on pulp repair processes.

PMID- 3857257
TI  - Innervation of teeth: qualitative, quantitative, and developmental assessment.
AB  - Anatomical characteristics of tooth innervation provide insights into functional
      capabilities as well as limitations of this organ. In this review, innervation
      will be discussed from two major viewpoints. The first part will present
      distribution of nerve fibers in the tooth; nerve pathways, both autonomic and
      sensory, will be discussed mostly from a descriptive standpoint. In the second
      part, quantitation of neural units along key points of the pathways will be
      presented at milestones in tooth and organism development and aging.

PMID- 3857258
TI  - The characteristics of intradental sensory units and their responses to
      stimulation.

PMID- 3857259
TI  - Pulpal, microvascular, and tissue pressure.

PMID- 3857261
TI  - New approaches to the neurophysiology of the dental pulp.

PMID- 3857260
TI  - Regulation of pulpal blood flow.
AB  - The regulation of blood flow of the dental pulp was investigated in dogs and rats
      anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Pulpal blood flow was altered by
      variations of local and systemic hemodynamics. Variation in pulpal hemodynamics
      was attained by means of close intra-arterial injections of adrenergic agonists
      (NE and ISO) and their antagonists (PBZ and Propranolol). Variation in systemic
      hemodynamics was achieved by hemodilution, hemo-concentration, hemorrhage, and
      SNP infusion. Macrocirculatory blood flow (ml/min/100 g) in the dental pulp was
      measured with both the 133Xe washout and the 15-microns radioisotope-labeled
      microsphere injection methods on the canine teeth of dogs, to provide a
      comparison of the two methods in the same tooth. Microcirculatory studies were
      conducted in the rat incisor tooth with microscopic determination of the vascular
      pattern, RBC velocity, and intravascular volumetric flow distribution. Pulpal
      resistance vessels have alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors. Activation of alpha
      receptors by intra-arterial injection of NE caused both a reduction in
      macrocirculatory Qp in dogs and decreases in arteriolar and venular diameters and
      intravascular volumetric flow (Qi) in rats. These responses were blocked by the
      alpha-antagonist PBZ. Activation of beta-receptors by intra-arterial injection of
      ISO caused a paradoxical reduction of Qp in dogs. In rats, ISO caused a transient
      increase in arteriolar Qi followed by a flow reduction; arteriolar dilation was
      accompanied by venular constriction. These macrocirculatory and microcirculatory
      responses to ISO were blocked by the alpha-antagonist propranolol.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3857262
TI  - Hemodynamics of the dental pulp.

PMID- 3857263
TI  - The dentin-predentin complex and its permeability: anatomical overview.
AB  - This paper provides an anatomical overview of the dentin-predentin complex and
      its permeability. An unique anatomical feature of this complex is the presence of
      dentinal tubules which extend peripherally from the odontoblast-predentin
      junction throughout the thickness of the tissue. The permeability of dentin is a
      consequence of the presence of these tubules. Thus, this review concentrates on
      the anatomy of dentinal tubules and, in particular, on those studies which in the
      last decade have increased our knowledge of this anatomy. The structure, size,
      and number of dentinal tubules and the relationship of these features to the
      permeability of the tissue are discussed. This is followed by a description of
      the contents of dentinal tubules, with particular emphasis being paid to the
      literature concerning the extent of the odontoblast process.

PMID- 3857264
TI  - Dentin-predentin complex and its permeability: physiologic overview.
AB  - The major channels for solute diffusion across dentin are the dentinal tubules.
      Since dentin permeation is proportional to the product of tubule number and
      diameter, both of which increase as the tubules converge on the pulp, we find
      that dentin permeability increases rapidly as the pulp chamber is approached. The
      presence of a smear layer of cutting debris on top of cut dentin decreases dentin
      permeability, especially when permeability is measured by fluid filtration.
      Further, intratubular material--such as mineral deposits, collagen fibrils,
      proteoglycan linings, bacteria, etc.--can greatly reduce dentin permeability.
      Although the presence of irregular or irritation dentin has been thought to
      greatly reduce dentin permeability, recent in vivo experiments in dogs indicate
      that the dentin permeability of freshly cut cavities prepared in sound dentin
      falls very rapidly (i.e., 50-60% in the first six hours) before any histologic
      changes can be detected, either in the pulp or the dentin. When dogs were
      depleted of their plasma fibrinogen, this rapid decline in dentin permeability
      following cavity preparation failed to take place. The results implicate leakage
      of plasma proteins from the underlying pulpal vessels. The proteins subsequently
      permeate the tubules, where they are either adsorbed to the tubule walls or
      physically trapped in such a way as to reduce dentin permeability.

PMID- 3857265
TI  - Dentin-predentin complex and its permeability: pathology and treatment overview.
AB  - This review paper focuses attention on tissue changes which may take place in
      dentin and on localized alterations in tissue formation in the predentin area. A
      number of reaction patterns has been described in dentin affecting both the
      inorganic and organic components. Dentinal tubules may become partly or
      completely obturated by growth of the peritubular dentin. Precipitation of
      mineral salts within the tubules, which may be a reprecipitation of minerals from
      adjacent demineralized dentin, represents a fundamentally different mode of
      obturation of dentinal tubules. Initially, demineralization selectively affects
      the peritubular dentin. If dentin is exposed to the oral environment, the surface
      layer may become hypermineralized. The surface layer of dentin, exposed by
      grinding, becomes covered by a smear layer. Displacement of the contents of the
      tubules or of the odontoblasts is a characteristic change in the organic
      components. Odontoblast destruction or degeneration will lead to a lack of, or
      reduced, predentin formation. Changes in the protein components which lead to
      alterations in dentin permeability have also been reported. The structure of the
      interface between dentin and localized formations of irregular secondary dentin
      varies considerably. If there is no tubular communication between primary and
      secondary dentin, the interface will act as an impermeable barrier. Changes in
      dentin, including irregular secondary dentin formation, affect the permeability
      of the tissue. Such changes are clinically important for the outcome of all types
      of restorative work performed on vital teeth.

PMID- 3857266
TI  - Dentin-predentin complex and its permeability. Reactor paper.

PMID- 3857267
TI  - The biology of dentin and pulp. Consensus report.

PMID- 3857268
TI  - Ethics . . . and the quest for excellence in the profession.

PMID- 3857269
TI  - Humanism and the profession(al).

PMID- 3857270
TI  - The relationship of the profession(al) to society.

PMID- 3857271
TI  - Principles of ethics.

PMID- 3857272
TI  - Ethics in dental medicine: a framework for moral responsibility in dental
      practice.

PMID- 3857274
TI  - Teaching ethics in dentistry.
AB  - This paper describes a curriculum project designed to help dental students
      identify, reason about, and adequately resolve ethical problems in their chosen
      profession. The project involved application of a theoretical approach to the
      study of ethical development that had not been applied previously in professional
      education. Tests were designed to measure the abilities defined by the theory and
      used to evaluate the program and to monitor student progress. To date, studies of
      student abilities and attitudes clearly indicate that the curriculum is needed.
      Learning activities, created to promote the abilities, are based on studies of
      the real-life ethical problems confronting dentists and dental students. A
      program of research and development has been established to study the influence
      of this curriculum on the abilities defined, and to link them to clinical
      performance. Half of the dental schools in the United States have requested these
      materials. Suggestions are made to professional schools considering expanding the
      teaching of ethics.

PMID- 3857273
TI  - Measuring dental students' ethical sensitivity.
AB  - This paper describes the development of stimulus materials and scoring procedures
      to measure an individual's ability to recognize the ethical issues often hidden
      within the dentist's professional problems. The importance of this ability is
      discussed as it relates to other abilities thought to be necessary conditions for
      ethical or moral behavior. Dental students completed the ethical sensitivity test
      and Rest's test of moral reasoning. The sensitivity test requires transcribing
      verbal responses to audio dramas, a technique that: (1) elicits sufficient data
      for making inferences about ethical sensitivity, (2) produces good interjudge
      agreement and interrater reliability, and (3) measures variability in student
      performance. Data indicate high internal consistency compared with previous
      efforts to measure components of sensitivity (e.g., empathy), acceptable test
      retest reliability for a subsample. and the distinctiveness of sensitivity and
      reasoning scores. The results have broad application for the teaching of ethics
      and suggest new directions for the study of professional socialization.

PMID- 3857276
TI  - Curriculum guidelines on predoctoral oral and maxillofacial surgery.

PMID- 3857275
TI  - Curriculum guidelines for postdoctoral oral diagnosis/oral medicine.

PMID- 3857277
TI  - Characteristics of dental educators academic year 1984-85.

PMID- 3857278
TI  - Genes that affect the shape of the murine mandible. Congenic strain analysis.
AB  - Small specific regions of the adult murine mandible are found to be expanded or
      contracted by the effects of genes sorted out as passenger genes in a set of
      congenic strains. The large estimated number of such genes could provide a
      genetic basis for morphological change during speciation.

PMID- 3857279
TI  - Decrease in HLA-DR-positive monocytes in patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE).
AB  - Monocyte populations expressing HLA-DR antigens were studied in SLE patients by
      flow cytofluorometry with indirect immunofluorescence. Both the number of HLA-DR
      positive monocytes and the expression of HLA-DR antigens on monocytes were
      markedly decreased in active SLE patients and were recovered to the normal level
      in inactive SLE patients. Because Ia-positive monocytes play a regulatory role
      for several immune responses, the decrease in HLA-DR-positive monocytes will
      result in abnormal regulations of immune responses and will play some critical
      role in the pathogenesis and the process of SLE.

PMID- 3857280
TI  - Flow cytometric characterization of normal and variant cells with monoclonal
      antibodies specific for glycophorin A.
AB  - Quantitative immunofluorescence measurements were performed on erythrocytes
      labeled with monoclonal antibodies to glycophorin A (GPA) to assess the level of
      binding of these antibodies to normal and variant cell types. The seven
      antibodies used in this study include two that bind preferentially to the M form
      of GPA, three that bind preferentially to the N form, and two that bind equally
      well to both. Flow cytometric analysis of mixtures of cells differing in M,N type
      showed binding specificities of greater than 100-fold for most of the antibodies,
      and showed that three antibodies bind cell-bound GPA with an affinity of
      approximately 10(9) M(-1). These data also showed that the level of expression of
      GPA varies by less than 10% from cell to cell and from individual to individual.
      Flow measurements were also done on human erythrocytes with the following variant
      forms of glycophorin: Mc, Mg, Mk, En(F), En(UK), Mi-I, Mi-II, Mi-III, S-s-U-,
      Tn+, and St(a+). Other cell types analyzed included erythrocytes from chimpanzee,
      rhesus, African green, and capuchin monkeys, and cells from the human
      erythroleukemia cell line, K562. Flow analysis with our seven antibodies showed
      these cell types have distinctive labeling patterns consistent with the known or
      inferred altered glycophorins presented on these cells. In most cases, variant
      alleles were expressed at normal levels. Our results support other observations
      that the variants En(UK) and St(a+) contain hybrid GPA-GPB proteins, and suggest
      that their level of expression is largely determined by the 3' end of the hybrid
      genes.

PMID- 3857281
TI  - [Differential diagnosis between leiomyomata uteri and adenomyosis using CA 125 as
      a new tumor marker of ovarian carcinoma].
AB  - To differentiate pre-operatively between leiomyomata uteri and adenomyosis, we
      measured serum levels of an antigen (CA 125) common to most nonmucinous
      epithelial ovarian carcinoma in patients with benign uterine tumor (11 of
      leiomyomata uteri, 7 of adenomyosis and 1 of adenomyosis with leiomyomata uteri).
      CA 125 in serum samples pre and postoperatively were measured using an RIA Kit.
      The normal range of CA 125 levels was below 35U/ml. The mean CA 125 level (+/-
      S.D.) was 18.3 +/- 6.1U/ml in patients with leiomyomata uteri and 93.3 +/-
      49.4U/ml in those with adenomyosis. Student's t-test showed a significant
      correlation (0.001 less than p less than 0.01). The mean CA 125 level in patients
      with adenomyosis was statistically higher than that in disease-free women. Among
      7 patients with surgically demonstrable adenomyosis, the CA 125 values were over
      35U/ml (87.5%). In all 11 patients with surgically demonstrable leiomyomata
      uteri, the CA 125 level was below 35U/ml. The CA 125 level in patients with
      adenomyosis gradually decreased postoperatively and in all was below 35U/ml up to
      one month postoperatively. Using this approach, leiomyomata uteri and adenomyosis
      can be differentiated, pre-operatively.

PMID- 3857282
TI  - Fluoride uptake in vivo by enamel with "Fluocaril Bifluore 250" and "Colgate".

PMID- 3857283
TI  - [Incidence of interappointment pain after multiple visit endodontic procedures].

PMID- 3857284
TI  - An experimental study of microvascular patency by micro-arteriography using
      dental X-ray and film.

PMID- 3857285
TI  - [The effect of ascorbic acid on the orodental region].

PMID- 3857286
TI  - [A case report of a compound composite odontoma and a review of the literature on
      odontomas].

PMID- 3857287
TI  - [Clinical studies of fibroma].

PMID- 3857288
TI  - [Mercury level in the blood of dentists].

PMID- 3857289
TI  - [The amount of mercury vapor in dental offices in Korea].

PMID- 3857290
TI  - Bile acid induction of 7 alpha- and 7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in
      Clostridium limosum.
AB  - When grown in the presence of bile acids, two strains of Clostridium limosum were
      found to contain significant amounts of NADP-dependent 7 alpha/7 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and NAD-dependent 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase which were active against conjugated and unconjugated bile acids.
      No measurable activity could be found when deoxycholic acid (3 alpha, 12 alpha
      dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid) was used as substrate. No 7 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and only a trace of 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase activity could be demonstrated when bile acid was deleted from the
      growth medium. If bile acid was added after the time of inoculation, the amounts
      of 7 alpha/7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were greatly reduced. Enzyme
      enhancement was blocked by addition of rifampicin. The 7 alpha/7 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase components had pH optima of approximately 10.5. Both
      the 7 alpha/7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities were heat-labile, with
      the 7 beta-component being the more stable of the two. When ranked according to
      the level of enzymes induced, the order in increasing bile acid induction power
      on an equimolar scale (0.4 mM) was: 7-ketodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid,
      chenodeoxycholic acid, and deoxycholic acid. Both 7-ketolithocholic acid and
      ursodeoxycholic acid were ineffective as enzyme inducers. Optimal induction was
      achieved with high concentrations of cholic acid (5 mM) and a harvest time of 24
      hr. Addition of ursodeoxycholic acid to medium containing optimal concentrations
      of deoxycholic acid suppressed enzyme induction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3857291
TI  - Effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on cervical softening and uterine
      activity during ovine parturition resulting from progesterone withdrawal induced
      by epostane.
AB  - The effects of an inhibitor of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (epostane) on
      uterine activity and cervical softening have been studied in eight sheep during
      late pregnancy. Treatment with epostane led to a rapid decline in the
      concentration of progesterone measured in utero-ovarian venous plasma, to less
      than 10% of the pretreatment value within 30 min of bolus injection. This was
      followed by a significant (P less than 0.02) increase in the concentrations of
      metabolites of prostaglandins E and F in utero-ovarian venous plasma and uterine
      activity similar to that seen in the final stages of normal labour. Measurements
      of cervical tissue extensibility made ex vivo showed the cervix to have softened
      considerably. These changes occurred without any significant change in the
      concentration of oestradiol-17 beta in utero-ovarian venous plasma. Infusion of
      mefenamic acid, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, prevented the changes in
      uterine activity and cervical softening that occurred after injection of epostane
      alone. Mefenamic acid also reduced the increase in concentrations of metabolites
      of prostaglandins E and F in plasma, although the concentration of progesterone
      in these animals showed the same abrupt fall which occurred in sheep after
      injection of epostane alone. These results suggest that progesterone withdrawal,
      in the absence of any subsequent rise in circulating oestrogen concentrations, is
      sufficient stimulus to induce cervical softening in the ewe. Cervical softening
      following progesterone withdrawal can be prevented by inhibition of prostaglandin
      synthesis.

PMID- 3857292
TI  - Dissociation between testicular morphogenesis and functional differentiation of
      Leydig cells.
AB  - The aim of the study was to determine whether Leydig cells differentiate in vitro
      in gonads in which the formation of seminiferous cords is prevented by culture in
      a medium containing fetal calf serum. Appearance of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase-positive cells and release of testosterone in the medium occurred
      at the same age irrespective of whether or not the gonads developed seminiferous
      cords. It is concluded therefore that testicular morphogenesis with the formation
      of seminiferous cords is not a prerequisite for the emergence and functional
      differentiation of Leydig cells.

PMID- 3857293
TI  - Childhood cancer in the Northern Region, 1968-82: incidence in small geographical
      areas.
AB  - The place of residence of all cases of childhood cancer occurring in the Northern
      Region from 1968 to 1982 has been analysed by electoral wards. The wards have
      been ranked according to rate and Poisson probability. Both rankings show a wide
      geographical scatter throughout the region of areas with an apparent excess
      incidence of cancer. These areas are not confined to the Cumbrian coast.

PMID- 3857294
TI  - Parotid enlargement in bulimia.

PMID- 3857295
TI  - Evaluation of indium-111-2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide for labeling leukocytes in
      plasma: a kit preparation.
AB  - Pure neutrophils, lymphocytes, and mixed leukocytes have been labeled in vitro
      with 111ln chelated to a nontoxic, water soluble agent 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide
      (Merc). Cells were labeled in isotonic salt-balanced medium with preformed
      [111ln] Merc (yield greater than 95%), or in 0.5 ml autologous plasma by
      incubation with dry Merc first and then with 111ln (yield 75%). The latter method
      facilitated a kit procedure that required 2 micrograms dry Merc when acid citrate
      dextrose was used as anticoagulant or 20 micrograms when heparin was used.
      Labeling efficiency was dependent on cell concentration and pH. Labeled cells
      accumulated avidly in experimental abscesses and provided abscess/blood ratios of
      greater than 75 at 24 hr postinjection. In dogs, the liver uptake of labeled
      cells was only 18.8 +/- 7.1% compared to that of 48.5% when cells were labeled
      with [111ln]oxine.

PMID- 3857297
TI  - Stability associated with mandibular advancement treated by rigid osseous
      fixation.
AB  - Relapse after a mandibular sagittal ramus split osteotomy (SSO) fixed by
      transosseous wire has been shown to occur. Authors who use rigid screw fixation
      claim a lesser incidence of such relapse. Nine subjects with horizontal
      mandibular deficiency treated by an SSO and fixed with bone screws were
      prospectively studied. Serial cephalometric radiographs were traced and
      superimposed on the sella-nasion line and anterior cranial base structures. A
      markedly reduced horizontal movement during the first six weeks at both points B
      and Pg, followed by a slight advancement at six months, was observed.
      Concomitantly, the surgically increased facial height was shown to subsequently
      decrease during both those time intervals. The stability of this procedure
      warrants further investigation.

PMID- 3857296
TI  - ABC's periodontics. "J" is for juvenile periodontitis.

PMID- 3857298
TI  - The facial plethysmograph: a new instrument to measure facial swelling
      volumetrically.
AB  - A critical review of methods used to evaluate postoperative facial swelling is
      presented. A new, noninvasive method using a feeler arm to trace and measure
      facial contours is described. The overall accuracy and reproducibility of this
      method was tested by measuring acrylic "mock swellings." The results suggest that
      the method was accurate to within 5% in measuring swellings of known volume. The
      reproducibility of replicate measures also showed a low level of error (3.3%).
      This device may provide a unique method for the systematic study of treatments
      designed to minimize postoperative facial swelling.

PMID- 3857299
TI  - Microsurgical correction of the injured inferior alveolar nerve.
AB  - The pathology of inferior alveolar nerve injuries is discussed and the general
      and special guidelines for microsurgical reconstructive procedures are presented.
      Twenty-three cases are summarized: 22 cases showed marked restoration of nerve
      function after surgery.

PMID- 3857300
TI  - Alveolar wound healing and ridge remodeling after tooth extraction in the rat: a
      histologic, radiographic, and histometric study.
AB  - Healing of extraction wounds in rats was analyzed by histologic, radiographic and
      histometric methods at 0, 7, 14, 30, 60 days after tooth removal. Total alveolar
      volume, volume density of bone, percentage of bone formation, bone resorption
      areas, and height of both vestibular and lingual crests were analyzed. Total
      alveolar bone volume and bone density in the apical third increased from 0 to 60
      days. Maximum bone formation was observed at 14 days, whereas the greatest bone
      resorption was observed seven days after extraction. The height of the lingual
      crest was lowest 14 days postextraction and then increased progressively to day
      60.

PMID- 3857301
TI  - Solitary palatal ulcer.

PMID- 3857302
TI  - Oral focal mucinosis.
AB  - Two cases of oral focal mucinosis are described. Both were diagnosed clinically
      as fibroma of the gingiva. The clinical and histopathologic features of this
      unusual lesion are discussed.

PMID- 3857303
TI  - Vascular leiomyoma of the oral cavity.

PMID- 3857304
TI  - Giant submandibular gland calculi.

PMID- 3857305
TI  - Pancreatic carcinoma metastatic to the mandibular gingiva.

PMID- 3857306
TI  - Maintenance of condylar position after sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible.

PMID- 3857307
TI  - Insulation for the electrosurgical tip.

PMID- 3857308
TI  - The anatomy and electrical activity of the platysma muscle.
AB  - Dissection of seven cadavers showed that the platysma muscle may cover large
      parts of the masseter muscle. The platysma may thus be a significant source of
      artefact activity when recording the masseteric activity with surface electrodes.
      This is illustrated by a patient-case. The electrical activity of the platysma
      muscle was studied during jaw movements in normal, healthy subjects. Activity was
      regularly recorded during the latter half of large vertical jaw opening movements
      and, in five of the seven subjects, in the ipsilateral platysma muscle also
      during combined lateral-vertical jaw opening movements. The platysma may,
      therefore, in some individuals, have a functional role during the opening phase
      of chewing cycles when this has a marked lateral component.

PMID- 3857309
TI  - The reaction zone around experimental amalgam alloy particles of Ag-Cu eutectic
      composition.
AB  - An electron microprobe was used to investigate the composition and microstructure
      of the reaction zone occurring around experimental particles of approximately Ag
      Cu eutectic composition in two experimental dental amalgams. This study formed
      the basis for the examination, described in a subsequent paper, of the reaction
      zones in several commercially available amalgams. Techniques of phase composition
      analysis were further developed in order to identify and quantify the component
      phases in the regions of the reaction zone. The clumped, outer, more darkly
      shaded region of the zone contained predominantly eta 1 (Cu6Sn5) phase. The
      inner, more lightly shaded region of the reaction zone was found to contain
      substantial quantities of eta 1, gamma 1, a Cu-Hg phase and a Ag-Cu component.

PMID- 3857310
TI  - The reaction zone around commercially available amalgam alloy particles of Ag-Cu
      eutectic composition.
AB  - An electron microprobe was used to investigate the composition and microstructure
      of regions in the reaction zones around particles of approximately Ag-Cu eutectic
      composition in commercially available and experimental dispersion modified
      amalgams. Two distinct regions were identified. Techniques of phase composition
      analysis were further developed in order to identify and quantify the component
      phases present in the two regions. The outer, somewhat clumped region contained
      principally a network of strands and particles of eta 1 (Cu6Sn5) composition and
      some gamma 1 phase. After phase composition analysis, the inner region was found
      to contain eta 1 phase and substantial quantities of gamma 1 phase, a Cu-Hg phase
      (probably Cu4Hg3 formulation) and unreacted Ag-Cu. The two regions may be best
      described as eta 1-rich and eta 1-sparse, respectively.

PMID- 3857311
TI  - Demonstration of chewing motor disorder by recording peripheral correlates of
      mastication.
AB  - Chewing motor performance was examined in twenty-one patients. Twelve patients
      had TMJ dysfunction syndrome, eight had occlusal trauma, and one had CNS
      impairment. Surface electromyography and three-dimensional jaw movement was
      recorded. Discomfort was recorded by the patient during chewing of beefstick.
      Specific changes in mandibular movement were related to the presence of pain,
      discomfort and other symptoms of the TMJ dysfunction syndrome.

PMID- 3857312
TI  - The fracture toughness (KIC) of amalgam.
AB  - The fracture toughness (KIC) has been measured (at 1 week) for a selection of
      sixteen amalgam products. This included low copper (i.e. Cu less than 6%) and
      high copper (both single component and admixed) products in milled and spherical
      powder forms. The results have shown that the fracture toughness decreases
      progressively as the copper content increases. The admixed high copper products
      possess superior fracture toughness to those containing a single component
      powder. These results have been attributed to differences in the microstructures
      produced by changes in composition and form in which the copper addition is made.

PMID- 3857313
TI  - The pattern of adsorption of cationic antiseptics to polymethylmethacrylate.
AB  - Few studies have reported the maximum potential of surfaces to adsorb the
      cationic antiseptics and few comparisons between antiseptics have been carried
      out. The purpose of this investigation was to measure the maximum uptake of
      alexidine, cetyl pyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine gluconate and chlorhexidine
      acetate to polymethylmethacrylate and by the construction of adsorption isotherms
      determine the pattern of molecular attachment to the recipient surface. The mean
      maximum adsorption findings for these antiseptics demonstrated significantly
      greater uptake of cetyl pyridinium chloride than the other antiseptics and
      significantly less uptake of alexidine compared with the other antiseptics. All
      four antiseptics showed a Langmuir type adsorption isotherm consistent with the
      formation of a monolayer of molecules on the recipient surface. For chlorhexidine
      preliminary studies demonstrated that the pattern of adsorption was not altered
      by saliva pre-treatment of surfaces. No evidence of molecular multilayering was
      observed even at higher concentrations of the antiseptics. However, the maximum
      uptake on to the surface was significantly increased when no post-treatment
      washings were carried out. It was concluded that this increased uptake would be
      unlikely to play an important role in antiplaque activity because of its relative
      instability. The pH dependency for the adsorption of these antiseptics was
      demonstrated such that as previously observed for chlorhexidine gluconate at low
      pH adsorption is almost completely, or completely, prevented.

PMID- 3857314
TI  - A method to determine the loss of substance of dental restorations.
AB  - A method is described for quantitative in vivo wear measurements on Class I and
      II composite restorations. Class I gold inlays were made in an acrylic premolar
      and molar. Over the occlusal parts of the teeth cast silver caps were made after
      releasing the surface of the inlay with tinfoil. Wear on the restorations was
      simulated by grinding away some gold from the inlay. Silicon impressions of the
      teeth were made with the caps both before and after this simulation. The volume
      and the average thickness of the removed gold was measured from the weight of the
      enclosed impression material in the cap before and after the wear simulations,
      the density of the tinfoil and the impression material as well as thickness and
      the weight of the tinfoil-release. Values expected for the volume and the average
      thickness of the removed gold were calculated from the weight of the restored
      acrylic teeth before and after the wear simulation, the weight, the density and
      the thickness of the tinfoil and the density of the gold used for the inlays.
      Measured and expected values are linearly correlated (r = 0.97). An average wear
      thickness of the occlusal surface of a particular tooth of at least 30 micron can
      be detected. Because of its simplicity, inexpensiveness and accuracy the wear
      measurement method is highly productive and suitable for large scale and long
      term clinical research on the wear behaviour of posterior composites.

PMID- 3857316
TI  - Gnathosonic monitoring of occlusion of complete and partial dentures.
AB  - The durations of occlusal sounds of edentulous patients wearing complete dentures
      and of partially edentulous patients with and without partial dentures were
      measured. In general the durations of the sounds decreased after adjustment of
      occlusion and after periods of wearing the dentures, but in a cross-section study
      of sound duration of old complete dentures (mode 16 years) an increased sound
      duration was observed.

PMID- 3857315
TI  - The effect of iron on in vitro decalcification of human tooth enamel.
AB  - The effect of iron chloride on an in vitro acid attack of human enamel was
      studied. Slices of teeth were covered with varnish except for a window left on
      one of the enamel surfaces for exposure. The iron salt was used as a supplement
      to acid gel, or as pretreatment of the enamel surfaces before exposure to the
      pure gel. Differences in light transmission of the experimental and control
      specimen from the radiographs taken before and after immersion in the
      decalcifying media were assessed quantitatively. The increase in radio-opacity of
      the enamel sections incubated in the iron-containing acid media was attributed to
      a lower degree of enamel decalcification.

PMID- 3857317
TI  - Evaluation of the effect of anxiety on the masseteric silent period duration.
AB  - The duration of the masseteric silent period (SPD) and environmental stress are
      parameters which have been associated with the symptoms of masticatory
      dysfunction. In this study, the relationship between differing levels of anxiety
      and the masseteric silent period duration, for nineteen subjects reporting a
      history of symptoms of mandibular dysfunction, was evaluated by a stress model
      based on the Sta X-1 anxiety test. The results suggest that the durations of
      masseteric silent periods were not significantly affected by differing levels of
      anxiety.

PMID- 3857318
TI  - Effect of oxygen on the corrosion of dental amalgam.
AB  - The anodic and cathodic polarization of five dental amalgams were determined as a
      function of oxygen concentration in Ringer's solution and artificial saliva. The
      results indicate an anodic polarization behaviour dependent on Cl ion
      concentration and a corrosion potential determined primarily by oxygen
      concentration. At high oxygen concentrations the corrosion rates of traditional
      and copper enriched amalgams were equivalent.

PMID- 3857319
TI  - Long-term observations of an increased occlusal face height obtained by a
      combined orthodontic/prosthetic approach.
AB  - Twenty individuals received an increased occlusal face height by orthodontic
      means (a partial bite-raising splint). After splint treatment some of the
      anterior teeth were capped at the new occlusal face height. The average increase
      from start of splint treatment till after crown cementation was 1.9 mm. The
      stability of the vertical relations of the face after this treatment was studied.
      The average observation time was 67 months, i.e. 5.5 years. The modes of reaction
      were highly individual. A certain average relapse of the occlusal face height did
      occur, mostly in the course of the first 6 months after crown cementation.
      However, in no case did the increased face height revert to basis. In the period
      from 6 to 67 months after crown cementation twelve out of nineteen patients
      showed practically completely stable vertical relations.

PMID- 3857320
TI  - Results of epidemiological examinations of the temporomandibular joint in
      adolescents and young adults.
AB  - An epidemiological investigation of the temporomandibular joint in 800 persons
      was undertaken, including two groups of 400 persons aged 15-18 and 19-22 years.
      The numbers of boys and girls was about the same. Interview and clinical
      examination comprised morphological and functional features of the stomatognathic
      system. The TMJ examination carried out included mandibular movements, pain and
      sound symptoms. The results of the examinations were noted, counted by electronic
      methods and statistically analysed. From the material, two groups were selected:
      without TMJ symptoms (OTMJ group) and with TMJ disorders (TMJ group). TMJ
      disorders were evident in 67.62% of the examined persons and this was common to
      both age groups. In groups with TMJ disorders a significant incidence of girls
      was found. In groups with TMJ disorders the number of statistically significant
      pathological features in the stomatognathic system increased with age. TMJ
      disorders appeared in both age groups in various forms, separately or in
      combination, with different frequency. With reference to the number and kind of
      symptoms obtained on interview and/or on clinical examination, four degrees of
      intensity of TMJ disorders have been defined and their incidence discussed.

PMID- 3857321
TI  - Transmission and colonization of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in
      localized juvenile periodontitis patients.
AB  - Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative oral microorganism, which
      has been implicated in the etiology of localized juvenile periodontitis and in
      severe medical infections such as bacterial endocarditis. This study evaluated
      the ability of periodontal probes to transmit A actinomycetemcomitans from
      juvenile periodontitis lesions to healthy gingival sulci in the same patient.
      Localized juvenile periodontitis patients exhibiting first molar and incisor
      alveolar bone loss and with large numbers of A actinomycetemcomitans in deep
      periodontal pockets were included in this study. A periodontal probe was inserted
      into periodontal pockets of 6 mm or greater depth. The probe was then placed into
      a healthy gingival sulcus of 3 mm or less, in the same subject. Fifty-five
      transfers by probing were made and A actinomycetemcomitans in both the donor and
      recipient sites was assessed by a selective culture technique. The results
      indicate that periodontal probes can become contaminated with A
      actinomycetemcomitans from juvenile periodontitis lesions during routine dental
      examinations and can transfer this microorganism from infected to previously
      uninfected sites. However, A actinomycetemcomitans inoculated into the healthy
      gingival sulci did not permanently colonize these sites since the organisms were
      eliminated within 3 weeks.

PMID- 3857322
TI  - Focus of epithelial dysplasia arising in hereditary gingival fibromatosis.
AB  - The gingiva of a 32-year-old black male was biopsied for evidence of vasculitis,
      but instead an area of epithelial dysplasia was found. Further investigation
      revealed that the patient and several members of his family had hereditary
      gingival fibromatosis. Treatment included four quadrants of gingivectomy plus
      inverse bevel incisions for trimming those areas which were too thick for simple
      gingivectomy. Histopathologic examination of the excised tissues supported the
      diagnosis of gingival fibromatosis, but no other areas of epithelial dysplasia
      were seen. To our knowledge, this is the only reported instance of a
      premalignancy or malignancy arising in gingival fibromatosis, and thus there is
      no reason to regard the gingival disorder as predisposing to carcinoma. However,
      the pedigree reported here supports a previous suggestion that hereditary
      gingival fibromatosis is not as rare among blacks as the literature has
      indicated.

PMID- 3857323
TI  - The botryoid odontogenic cyst. Report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - The botryoid odontogenic cyst is a morphologic variant of developmental cysts of
      odontogenic epithelial residue, i.e., lateral periodontal cysts and gingival
      cysts. Such variants have distinctive clinical and histologic characteristics,
      including a lobular appearance in situ, multiple cystic spaces lined by thin,
      nonkeratinized epithelium with focal plaque-like thickenings and occasional
      glycogen-rich clear cells. Lateral periodontal cysts most likely arise from rests
      of Malassez, while gingival cysts certainly arise from rests of Serres. When
      cortical perforation occurs, the origin of the cyst may be determined on the
      basis of the pattern of bone resorption. The term botryoid odontogenic cyst
      should be reserved for those developmental cysts of odontogenic epithelial
      residue that have a grossly lobulated appearance in addition to characteristic
      histomorphologic features. Its use should be restricted to the gross and
      histopathologic description rather than as a modifier of the definitive
      diagnosis. A botryoid variant of a gingival cyst with cortical perforation is
      presented.

PMID- 3857324
TI  - Presidential address.

PMID- 3857325
TI  - A compressive strength study of an all-ceramic crown.
AB  - Eighteen crowns were subjected to the same occlusal loading. The porcelain-fused
      to-metal crown was more than twice as resistant to the load than the Cerestore
      crown and almost four times stronger than the porcelain crown. These tests show
      that porcelain fused to metal has demonstrated its capability as a strong
      posterior restoration. The Cerestore crown, though superior to the porcelain
      crown, is significantly less resistant to fracture than the porcelain-fused-to
      metal restoration.

PMID- 3857326
TI  - Mercury vapor produced during sterilization of amalgam-contaminated instruments.

PMID- 3857327
TI  - Abrasion resistance of three types of esthetic veneering materials.

PMID- 3857328
TI  - Photoelastic analysis of stress induced from insertion of self-threading
      retentive pins.

PMID- 3857329
TI  - Horizontal pins: a study of tooth reinforcement.

PMID- 3857330
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of proximal tooth movement effected by wedging: a pilot
      study.
AB  - The major purpose of this pilot study was to develop a method to accurately
      measure proximal tooth movement. A preliminary clinical evaluation of anterior
      and posterior tooth movement was performed with five patients. The patients were
      carefully chosen to eliminate as many variables as possible. The controlled
      patient criteria included periodontal health, proximal contacts, the age of the
      patients, and the teeth selected for anterior and posterior displacement. The
      small sample size dictates that additional experimentation must be performed
      before definitive conclusions can be drawn.

PMID- 3857331
TI  - Fit of crown wax patterns after removal from the die.
AB  - The effects of loading the wax pattern before investment was determined. Various
      loads were placed on the pattern after its margin was remodeled. The patterns
      were replaced on the die with a load of 50 gm before investment. For loads of 0,
      250, and 1000 gm, the average elevation of the pattern on the die was found to be
      greater by 29, 56, and 19 micron, respectively, than before removal from the die.
      Repetitive loading showed that the plastic deformation in wax was less in the
      second than in the first cycle for a specific load. This decrease in plastic
      deformation may explain the improved adaptation of the pattern after a load of
      1000 gm.

PMID- 3857332
TI  - Microleakage of conventional and high-copper amalgam restorations.

PMID- 3857333
TI  - Porosity reduction and its associated effect on the diametral tensile strength of
      activated acrylic resins.
AB  - Each acrylic resin tested is basic to the armamentarium of the clinical dentist.
      From this study it is apparent that there exist several possible mechanisms that
      will aid in the reduction of porosity and subsequently enhance the tensile
      strength properties of chemically activated acrylic resins. With the
      manufacturer's recommended powder to liquid ratio mixtures, indications are that
      only small increases in curing pressure (approximately 0.68 MPa) are required to
      substantially enhance strength levels of the test materials. Therefore, when
      cured under conditions that avoid residual stress buildup, the small increases in
      pressure attainable by modified pressurization devices may indeed be of benefit
      in reducing porosity and enhancing the tensile strength of the acrylic resins.
      Similar increases in strength appear possible with various combinations of powder
      particle sizes and powder/liquid ratios used in an effort to reduce the monomer
      concentration in clinically desirable acrylic mixtures. It is important to
      realize that alteration of powder/liquid ratio and powder particle size mixtures
      offers a method of reducing porosity without the addition of external pressure.
      However, at this time it is not recommended that these sophisticated alterations
      of the basic resin components be performed by the clinician.

PMID- 3857334
TI  - A comparison of the physical properties of a room temperature vulcanizing
      silicone modified and unmodified.
AB  - RTV silicone MDX 4-4210 unmodified and modified with the addition of 5%, 10%, and
      15% 360 MF 100cs was tested for the following physical properties: tensile
      strength, ultimate elongation (ASTM D412 die C), tear resistance (ASTM D624, die
      C), and Shore A Durometer hardness (ASTM D2240). The initial mechanical
      properties of unmodified RTV silicone were superior to those of RTV silicone
      modified with 5%, 10%, and 15% 360 MF except for hardness. The value for each
      property measured was found to decrease linearly with the amount of 360 MF added.
      If additional softness is desired, it can be achieved with the addition of 360 MF
      to RTV silicone at the expense of decreased strength, elongation, and tear
      resistance. Even with the addition of 15% 360 MF the values for tear resistance
      and elongation were in the standard range. The tensile strength of unmodified RTV
      silicone fell below the accepted values.

PMID- 3857335
TI  - Comparative study of two treatment methods for internal derangement of the
      temporomandibular joint.
AB  - Orthopedic mandibular repositioning and flat plane occlusal splint therapy were
      compared in the treatment of 20 patients with internal TMJ derangement with
      reduction. The following conclusions can be drawn. Mandibular repositioning
      treatment produces significant subjective and objective improvement in the
      dysfunction of patients with internal joint derangements with reduction. Flat
      plane occlusal splint treatment produces no significant change in the dysfunction
      level of patients with internal joint derangements with reduction. Mandibular
      repositioning treatment may eliminate the reciprocal click of internal joint
      derangement with reduction. To realize improvement in dysfunction of internal
      joint derangement, it appears that the reciprocal click must be eliminated.
      Mandibular repositioning treatment produces a significant improvement in muscle
      pain associated with internal joint derangement.

PMID- 3857336
TI  - Development of anterior disk displacement in the temporomandibular joint: an
      autopsy study.

PMID- 3857337
TI  - Occlusion and mandibular dysfunction: a clinical study of patients referred for
      functional disturbances of the masticatory system.
AB  - Fifty patients were selected according to age (less than 40 years) and dentition
      (full complement of natural teeth) from a large group referred for treatment of
      functional disturbances of the masticatory system. They answered a questionnaire
      and were examined clinically for evaluation of the severity of their symptoms and
      signs according to the Helkimo dysfunction indexes. The occlusal conditions
      recorded included contacts in centric and eccentric mandibular positions, various
      defined occlusal patterns, occlusal interferences, and dental attrition. The
      occlusal conditions varied considerably but did not show significant correlations
      with signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction. These results suggest that the
      occlusal variables studied do not contribute to the severity of the signs and
      symptoms of dysfunction. While it is tempting to propose that our results suggest
      an argument for dysfunction, it must be admitted that the precise role of
      occlusion remains unclear.

PMID- 3857338
TI  - The influence of altered working-side occlusal guidance on masticatory muscles
      and related jaw movement.
AB  - The effect of four different occlusal situations (group function, canine
      guidance, working side occlusal interference, and hyperbalancing occlusal
      interference) on EMG activity in jaw elevator muscles and related mandibular
      movement was investigated on 12 subjects. With a computer-based system, EMG and
      displacement signals were collected simultaneously during specific functional
      (unilateral chewing) and parafunctional tasks (mandibular gliding movements and
      various tooth clenching efforts) and analyzed quantitatively. When a naturally
      acquired group function was temporarily and artificially changed into a dominant
      canine guidance, a significant general reduction of elevator muscle activity was
      observed when subjects exerted full isometric tooth-clenching efforts in a
      lateral mandibular position. The original muscular coordination pattern (relative
      contraction from muscle to muscle) remained unaltered during this test. With
      respect to unilateral chewing, no significant alterations in the activity or
      coordination of the muscles occurred when an artificial canine guidance was
      introduced. Introduction of a hyperbalancing occlusal contact caused significant
      alterations in muscle activity and coordination during maximal tooth clenching in
      a lateral mandibular position. A marked shift of temporal muscle EMG activity
      toward the side of the interference and unchanged bilateral activity of the two
      masseter muscles were observed. The results suggest that canine-protected
      occlusions do not significantly alter muscle activity during mastication but
      significantly reduce muscle activity during parafunctional clenching. They also
      suggest that non-working side contacts dramatically alter the distribution of
      muscle activity during parafunctional clenching, and that this redistribution may
      affect the nature of reaction forces at the temporomandibular joints.

PMID- 3857339
TI  - Histopathologic findings in temporomandibular joints of aged individuals.
AB  - Twenty-four TMJs from well preserved 62- to 97-year-old human cadavers, 12 men
      and 12 women, were used in this study. The TMJs were routinely processed to
      identify (1) the histologic and histopathologic changes present in the
      articulations and (2) the components of the joint most frequently affected by
      these changes. The most significant histopathologic findings were (1) intense
      fibrocartilaginous proliferations of the condylar head and articular eminence
      linings, (2) neovascularization or myxomatoid degenerative changes in articular
      disks, and (3) proliferation of synovial villi, subsynovial tissue, and muscular
      fibers. The components of the joint most frequently affected were (1) the
      condylar head (30.4%), (2) the articular disk (21.7%), (3) the synovial lining
      (13%), (4) the articular eminence (8.6%), and (5) the lining of the articular
      fossa (4.3%). Five joints were considered to be within normal histologic limits,
      and one joint was excluded from the study because of metastatic malignancy.

PMID- 3857340
TI  - Vertical dimension record: a three dimensional phenomenon. Part I.
AB  - This article presented data on 92 edentulous patients in the age group of 54 to
      84 years. The data describe the changes in vertical dimension of rest observed
      under different clinical conditions associated with the treatment procedures for
      construction of complete dentures.

PMID- 3857341
TI  - Biocompatibility evaluation of resins in hamsters.

PMID- 3857342
TI  - Lip injury guard.
AB  - A successful extraoral chin-stabilized lip injury guard is described that
      protects the lower lips of patients in vegetative coma from self-inflicted
      injury. The guard does not interfere with routine daily mouth care and will not
      compromise the patient's airway if it were dislodged.

PMID- 3857344
TI  - Abstracts: "1984 and beyond: new perspectives for public health dentistry".
      American Association of Public Health Dentistry. 47th annual meeting. Atlanta,
      Georgia, October 18-20, 1984.

PMID- 3857343
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of mutants of the trypanosomatid Crithidia
      fasciculata and their use in detecting genetic recombination.
AB  - Crithidia fasciculata was used as a model trypanosomatid to study the possible
      existence of genetic recombination in this group of protozoa. The approach was
      based on the ability to select a variety of mutants on agar plates. Following
      mutagenesis of wild type cells by nitrosoguanidine or ethylmethanesulfonate,
      stable mutant phenotypes were obtained. These included mutants resistant to the
      drugs actinomycin D, 6-azauracil, 6-azauridine, and 5-fluorouracil, auxotrophs
      and colony morphology mutants. Following mixed growth of pairs of drug-resistant
      mutants on selective media, isolates exhibiting stable recombinant phenotypes
      were obtained. The data presented suggest that 1) Crithidia undergoes some type
      of genetic recombination and 2) Crithidia must be diploid at some time during
      this process.

PMID- 3857347
TI  - When should a dental office consider a computer?

PMID- 3857345
TI  - Further studies on prostaglandin and thromboxane production by the rat uterus
      during the oestrous cycle.
AB  - Prostaglandin (PG) and thromboxane (TX) synthesis by uterine homogenates was
      measured at 4-h intervals during the 4-day oestrous cycle of rats. Production was
      in the order of 6-oxo-PGF-1 alpha (which reflects PGI-2 synthesis) greater than
      PGF-2 alpha greater than TXB-2 (which reflects TXA-2 synthesis) greater than or
      equal to PGE-2. Peak production occurred at 02:00 h on the day of oestrus, after
      which production gradually decreased, with some fluctuation on the day of
      metoestrus, to reach a minimum between 22:00 and 06:00 h on the days of dioestrus
      and oestrus, respectively. Separation of the uterine tissues showed that, on a
      unit weight basis, the endometrium had a much higher PG and TX synthesizing
      ability than did the myometrium, although this was compensated for on a total
      weight basis by the much greater mass of myometrium. Endometrial PG and TX
      production was in the order of PGF-2 alpha greater than TXB-2 greater than or
      equal to 6-oxo-PGD-1 alpha identical to PGE-2, with PGF-2 alpha and TXB-2
      productions showing the greatest increases between 10:00 and 02:00 h on the days
      of pro-oestrus and oestrus, respectively. Myometrial PG and TX production was in
      the order of 6-oxo-PGF-1 alpha greater than PGF-2 alpha greater than PGE-2
      identical to TXB-2, with 6-oxo-PGF-1 alpha and PGF-2 alpha productions showing
      small increases between 10:00 and 02:00 h on the days of pro-oestrus and oestrus,
      respectively. Myometrial PGE-2 production decreased between these two
      times.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3857346
TI  - Effect of spatulation on the properties of high-strength dental stones.

PMID- 3857348
TI  - The ultimate variable.

PMID- 3857349
TI  - Computers in medicine: potential liability issues.

PMID- 3857351
TI  - Medical license: cherished possession.

PMID- 3857350
TI  - Containing health care costs. Jury awards; business and health care.

PMID- 3857352
TI  - Closed medical staff: legal challenges.

PMID- 3857353
TI  - Research in the physiology of exercise and sports.

PMID- 3857354
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 3857355
TI  - Rationale for liver resection for metastatic colon carcinoma.

PMID- 3857356
TI  - Acute gastric volvulus.

PMID- 3857357
TI  - Carotid ulcer undetected by angiography.

PMID- 3857358
TI  - [Distribution of cefotiam dihydrochloride to the bloodless lung].
AB  - The concentration of cefotiam (CTM) in the serum and the bloodless lung with time
      is discussed. Five patients who were undergone pneumonectomy or lobectomy, were
      given 1 g of CTM intravenously during the operation. Blood samples and lung
      samples were collected 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 300 minutes after the
      administration. The CTM levels in the blood and the lung samples were measured by
      the agar well bioassay. The CTM levels in the lung samples were modified as the
      CTM levels in the bloodless lung by calculating the contained blood volume, as
      lung samples were proven to have a mean value of 34.2% of blood in weight. The
      serum CTM level was 73.3 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after injection and then
      decreased gradually. The CTM level in bloodless lung was elevated during the
      first 60 minutes, became equal to that of the blood during next 30 minutes and
      then exceeded the serum levels thereafter. These results indicate that the
      distribution of CTM to the bloodless lung was excellent and a satisfactory
      preventative effect against postsurgical infection could be expected.

PMID- 3857359
TI  - [Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis for gastric cancer in surgery. Comparative
      study of 2 and 4 times daily administrations of cefotiam].
AB  - Comparative study of prophylaxis with cefotiam (CTM) was carried out in 47
      patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer. The patients were randomized in 2
      treatment groups. The first group A received a single intravenous drip dose of
      0.5 g CTM, given 4 times daily for 5 days after surgery. The second group B
      received a single intravenous drip dose of 1 g CTM, given twice daily for 5 days.
      Postoperative infections occurred in 8.7% (2/23) of the patients receiving CTM in
      group A, and in group B 8.3% (2/24). The number of infections was similar in both
      groups of patients. Prophylactic efficacy of CTM has also been evaluated in fever
      index of A and B groups. Fever index was 16.36 +/- 4.00 degree hours in A group,
      and in B group 7.91 +/- 2.30 degree hours, respectively. The difference between
      the 2 groups are statistically significant tendency. A single dose of 1 g CTM,
      given twice daily for 5 days, provide effective prophylaxis against infections in
      patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer. CTM can be recommended for
      surgical prophylaxis.

PMID- 3857360
TI  - [Studies on penetration of antibiotics to gallbladder tissue and bile, its
      surgical significance. Mainly with cefmenoxime].
AB  - Basic and clinical studies in 37 patients with biliary tract disease on
      comparison between cefmenoxime (CMX) and cefotiam (CTM) were studied and the
      following results were obtained. In vitro antibacterial activities of CMX and CTM
      against 25 strains (15 organisms) isolated from bile of patients with biliary
      tract disease were stronger than that of cefazolin (CEZ). In cholecystectomized
      patients, CMX (2 g) or CTM (2 g) was injected intravenously, followed by
      determination of concentration in bile and gallbladder tissue about 2 hours after
      administration. In CMX administration, the mean concentration in gallbladder bile
      was 812.1 micrograms/ml, and the mean concentration in duct bile was 1,050.6
      micrograms/ml, and the mean concentration in gallbladder tissue was 100.7
      micrograms/g. In CTM administration, the mean values were, 1,092.5 micrograms/ml,
      1,287.8 micrograms/ml, 28.5 micrograms/g, respectively. The concentration of CMX
      and CTM were almost similarly. The bile concentration of CMX (i.v.) was compared
      with CTM (i.v.) by cross-over method in cases of T-tube drainage. The peak bile
      concentrations of CMX and CTM were as high as 172.4 micrograms/ml and 182.2
      micrograms/ml, respectively, 1 approximately 2 hours after 2 g intravenous
      administrations. Furthermore, the concentration of them were highly gained, 16.1
      micrograms/ml of CMX and 33.8 micrograms/ml of CTM, even at 5 approximately 6
      hours. In choledochostomized patients, CMX (4 g/day) was injected intravenously,
      followed by determination of concentration in intraperitoneal exudate. The mean
      concentration of CMX was 15.3 micrograms/ml on the first day after the operation,
      and 6.0 micrograms/ml even on the third day after the operation. Those results
      suggest that the high antibacterial activity of CMX against organism in bile and,
      the high penetration of CMX to bile, gallbladder tissue and intraperitoneal
      exudate will promise its important role in treatment of biliary tract infections.

PMID- 3857361
TI  - [Transference of cefmenoxime from serum to lung tissue].
AB  - Ten patients who were performed pulmonary resection for the disease of the lung,
      were administered 2 g of cefmenoxime (CMX) by intravenous injection before their
      operation. The concentrations of CMX in serum and lung tissue were determined.
      The CMX concentrations in lung tissue were observed to be higher than the MIC of
      CMX for Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Serratia. These results
      suggested that CMX will be useful agent for the prevention and treatment of
      pulmonary infection.

PMID- 3857362
TI  - [A study on transference of cefmenoxime into the cerebrospinal fluid].
AB  - Two grams of cefmenoxime (CMX) was administered by one-shot intravenous injection
      to the patients in normal pressure hydrocephalus without meningitis, and the
      transference of CMX into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from blood was
      investigated. After the injection of CMX, CSF and serum were serially taken, and
      the concentrations of CMX were measured by agar-well method using E. coli. The
      conclusions drawn from this study are summarized as follows: The concentrations
      of CMX in CSF were more slowly decreased than those in serum. The mean ratio of
      transference of CMX into CSF from the serum was 1.4%. After the intravenous
      injection of 2 g CMX, the mean maximum concentration of CMX in CSF was 0.36
      microgram/ml, which exceeded 80% MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) against
      several Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative rods, and higher concentrations
      than the 80% MIC were kept over 4 hours in CSF. The efficacy of CMX may be kept
      by its injections less than 4 times a day.

PMID- 3857363
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime in chronic complicated urinary tract
      infection].
AB  - The efficacy of cefmenoxime (CMX), which is a third generation, beta-lactamase
      resistant cephem with a broad antibacterial spectrum, was examined in 43 patients
      with chronic complicated urinary tract infections. The usual dosage regimen was
      given 2 approximately 4 g/day of CMX by intravenous drip infusion over 1 hour.
      The duration of treatment was 5 days. Fifteen patients were cured and 21
      improved, and the effective rate was 83.7%. Bacterial eradication rate in these
      cases was 88.2%, especially eradication of the original pathogens such as
      Serratia marcescens, Proteus species and Klebsiella species, occurred in high
      frequency. Laboratory abnormalities were slight elevation of serum GOT and GPT in
      2 cases. From these findings, CMX was considered to be very effective in
      complicated urinary tract infections.

PMID- 3857364
TI  - [Autoantibody-promoting factor producing hybridoma and suppressive monoclonal
      anti-Ia antibody (HAK-75)].

PMID- 3857365
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of a cancer antigen CA 125 associated with ovarian cancer.
      II. Serum CA 125 levels in normal pregnancy].

PMID- 3857366
TI  - [Histochemical visualization of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in pancreas
      from patients with pancreatic cancer by using a monoclonal antibody].

PMID- 3857367
TI  - [Histochemical examination of gastric covering and epithelial mucus in rats (the
      2nd report). Effect of several anti-ulcer drugs on aspirin-induced mucosal
      damage].

PMID- 3857368
TI  - A possible role of gonad and renal prostaglandin E2 on the development of
      hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - A possible role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the regulation of blood pressure in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was investigated. The inhibition of PG
      synthesis by chronic indomethacin treatment accelerated the elevation of blood
      pressure with the tendency to decrease renal PGE2. We, therefore, confirmed that
      PGE2 in SHR may play a role in the antihypertensive mechanism. In this
      connection, the participation of renal PGE2 in the retardation of the development
      of hypertension in male SHR induced by orchiectomy was examined. Urinary PGE2
      which reflects the renal PGE2 level tended to keep a higher level in the
      castrated group. Urinary electrolytes excretion also inclined to augment in the
      castrated group throughout the experiment. These results indicate that renal PGE2
      may participate in the gonads-mediated blood pressure regulation system, although
      the mechanism of the retardation of spontaneous hypertension induced by
      orchiectomy remains obscure.

PMID- 3857369
TI  - Estrogen and sex hormone-binding globulin levels in nulliparous and parous women.
AB  - The hormone profiles of nulliparous and parous women on day 11 of their menstrual
      cycle have been studied in an attempt to seek evidence for the hormonal basis of
      the protective effect of first birth on breast cancer risk. A previous
      publication reported that there were significantly lower (26%) early morning
      prolactin levels in parous women as compared to those levels in nulliparous women
      but that there were no differences in plasma and urinary estrogen levels. The
      present study shows, however, that parous women had significantly shorter cycle
      lengths than nulliparous women of the same age, and the data were reevaluated
      with this difference being taken into account. After adjustment for cycle length
      (within the range of 24-32 days) and age, estrogen levels were significantly
      lower (22%) in parous women compared to those in nulliparous women. Two further
      aspects of estrogen metabolism were measured in the plasma samples of these
      women: the binding capacity of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and the
      percentage of free estradiol (E2). SHBG levels were 12% higher in parous women,
      but there was no difference in percentage of free E2. In the previous publication
      it was suggested that the protective effect of first birth on breast cancer risk
      was mediated in part by permanently lowering prolactin levels. The current
      findings suggest that changes in estrogen metabolism also are a factor.

PMID- 3857370
TI  - Smoking and other risk factors for lung cancer in women.
AB  - A case-control study among white women in Los Angeles County was conducted to
      investigate the role of smoking and other factors in the etiology of lung cancer
      in women. A total of 149 patients with adenocarcinoma (ADC) and 71 patients with
      squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung and their age- and sex-matched controls
      were interviewed. Personal cigarette smoking accounted for almost all of SCC and
      about half of ADC in this study population. Among nonsmokers, slightly elevated
      relative risk(s) (RR) for ADC were observed for passive smoke exposure from
      spouse(s) [RR = 1.2; 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 0.5, 3.3] and at work (RR =
      1.3; 95% Cl = 0.5, 3.3). Childhood pneumonia (RR = 2.7; 95% Cl = 1.1, 6.7) and
      childhood exposure to coal burning (RR = 2.3; 95% Cl = 1.0, 5.5) were additional
      risk factors for ADC. For both ADC and SCC, increased risks were associated with
      decreased intake of beta-carotene foods but not for total preformed vitamin A
      foods and vitamin supplements.

PMID- 3857371
TI  - Breast cancer prognosis in a mixed Caucasian-Hispanic population.
AB  - Prognostic factors were compared between 1,249 Caucasian and 360 Hispanic women
      with breast cancer. A significantly greater proportion of Hispanic women were
      less than 50 years of age at diagnosis compared to Caucasian women (P less than
      .0001). Significantly more Hispanic women presented with tumors larger than 3 cm
      in diameter and with positive axillary lymph nodes than did Caucasian women (P =
      .004 and P = .0001, respectively). Significantly more Hispanic women were
      estrogen receptor (ER) negative (P = .005). However, when examined by age groups,
      the relationships between ethnicity and extent of disease and ER status were
      observed only among women over 50 years of age. Multivariate analyses
      demonstrated that there was no difference in survival between Caucasian and
      Hispanic women once adjustments were made for the number of positive lymph nodes
      and ER status. Although complete data were not available, it appeared that the
      incidence of breast cancer is lower in this population of Hispanic women than in
      Caucasian women.

PMID- 3857372
TI  - A colon cancer cell line (LIM1215) derived from a patient with inherited
      nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.
AB  - A new human colon cancer cell line (LIM1215) has been derived from a tumor
      arising in a member of a family known to have a high incidence of colorectal
      cancer. The tumor cell line is comprised of small pleomorphic cells that clone in
      liquid medium and form tumors in immunosuppressed mice. Ultrastructurally, the
      cells are capable of differentiation, with cells with multiple microvilli and
      cells resembling goblet cells being present in the one culture. The cells are
      pseudodiploid and contain a 13p+ marker chromosome.

PMID- 3857373
TI  - Truck driving and bladder cancer mortality in rural New England.
AB  - The relationship between truck driving and bladder cancer mortality was
      investigated in a case-control study in New Hampshire and Vermont. In-person
      interviews were conducted with the next-of-kin of 325 bladder cancer cases and
      673 controls who died during 1975-79. There were 35 cases and 53 controls who had
      ever been employed as truck drivers [odds ratio (OR)=1.5, 95% confidence interval
      (CI)=0.9, 2.6]. There was a statistically significant, but inconsistent, positive
      association between number of years of truck driving and the OR's, rising to 2.3
      (1.2,4.1) for 5 years or more of truck driving. Risk was greatest in men who
      began driving in the 1930's and 1940's (OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.3,5.1) and among
      residents of two of the most urbanized counties (OR=3.0, 95% CI=1.2,7.4). The
      association of bladder cancer with truck driving was unaffected by control for
      possible confounding factors, such as cigarette smoking and coffee drinking. It
      was not possible to determine whether the risks associated with truck driving
      were specifically due to diesel fumes. Truck drivers reporting diesel exposures
      had an OR=1.8 (95% CI=0.5,7.0), but those without diesel exposure still had an
      OR=1.5 (95% CI=0.8,2.7). Twenty-six cases and 39 controls reported exposure to
      diesel emissions in any occupation (OR=1.5, 95% CI=0.8,2.8), and a significant
      duration-response relationship was seen, rising to threefold for those employed
      in such jobs for 30-39 years.

PMID- 3857374
TI  - Risk factors for ocular melanoma: Western Canada Melanoma Study.
AB  - Between April 1, 1979, and March 31, 1981, 90 individuals in the four western
      provinces of Canada were diagnosed as having ocular melanomas. Of 87 age-eligible
      cases (age 20-79 yr), 65 (75%) were interviewed along with age- and sex-matched
      controls chosen at random from the provincial populations. Individuals with blue
      eyes had a significantly greater crude risk of ocular melanoma than those with
      brown eyes [odds ratio (OR)=3.0, P=.04]. Subjects with red or blonde hair were at
      higher risk of having ocular melanoma than those with black or dark-brown hair
      (OR=7.7, P=.03). Indoor workers appeared to be at elevated risk for ocular
      melanoma even after controlling for eye and hair color (OR=3.5, P=.006).

PMID- 3857375
TI  - Time period compared to birth cohort in Connecticut incidence rates for twenty
      five malignant neoplasms.
AB  - Out of necessity and convenience many reports on population-based rates for
      cancer are limited to analyses by time period of diagnosis, and just how often
      cohort effects are important in cancer data has not been fully explored. To
      address this question, Connecticut cancer incidence rates for the years 1940-79
      were fitted to the model: Log (incidence rate) = constant + age effect + period
      effect + birth cohort effect + error term. Data for each cancer site and sex were
      categorized into 10-year intervals by time period and age group. Significance
      testing for the curvilinear effects (which are estimable functions) of age (A),
      period (P), and cohort (C) in the 44 data sets led to no clear choice of model
      for three data sets; an APC model for 20, an AP model for 7, and an AC model for
      14. These choices were corroborated by the RA2 index. Limitations in the
      interpretation of the results were enumerated. Presentation of population-based
      cancer rates by implicitly assuming an AP model is valuable (e.g., for studying
      age distribution in different regions or for age-adjustment in examining
      international variation or time trends). However, the assumption of an AP model
      may often be incorrect, as was shown to be the case for most of these 44 data
      sets. The implications for monitoring trends and generating etiologic hypotheses
      were discussed in light of the results for cutaneous malignant melanoma and
      cancers of the cervix, breast, ovary, lung, and bladder.

PMID- 3857377
TI  - Cancer trends in a population at risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Recent case reports have suggested that the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
      (AIDS) may be associated with cancers other than Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). We have
      used the population-based registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End
      Results (SEER) Program to examine these relationships on a statistical basis by
      comparing the morbidity odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for
      specific cancer sites in pre- and post-AIDS time periods. Among never-married 20-
      to 49-year-old men, a surrogate group representing homosexual men, significant
      increases in the morbidity OR's for KS between 1973-80 and 1981-82 were apparent
      in the San Francisco standard metropolitan statistical area (OR: 51.8; CI: 18.6
      143.6) and in other areas covered by the SEER Program (OR: 18.6; CI: 2.2-154.5).
      Furthermore, a significant increase was found in the morbidity OR for Burkitt
      like lymphoma in the San Francisco metropolitan area (OR: 9.1; CI: 1.8-45.6). In
      San Francisco County (which includes the City of San Francisco), there was a
      2,043-fold increase in the morbidity OR for KS and a fivefold increase for
      Burkitt-like lymphomas, but there were no significant changes for other cancers
      between 1973-79 and 1982. Similarly, no significant changes in morbidity OR's
      were observed for other cancers in the remaining SEER registries. These findings
      provided statistical support for the excess risk of Burkitt-like lymphoma in a
      group at risk of AIDS.

PMID- 3857376
TI  - Neuroblastoma: case-control analysis of birth characteristics.
AB  - The peak incidence of neuroblastoma during early infancy indicates that prenatal
      factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. A population-based
      case-control study was conducted comparing birth certificate data of 157 children
      who later died from neuroblastoma in Texas with 314 controls randomly selected
      from all Texas live births. Analysis of birth certificate data revealed a
      protective relative risk estimate for preterm births (less than 37-wk gestation),
      with an overall odds ratio of 0.29 (95% confidence limits of 0.10-0.86). This
      effect was independent of birth weight and ethnic group. A statistically
      significant odds ratio of 3.22 was detected for term babies whose birth weight
      was low. The findings suggest that the fetus is susceptible to an in utero
      oncogenic initiator or promoter during the last 4 weeks of gestation.

PMID- 3857378
TI  - Mortality from multiple myeloma among North Carolina furniture workers.
AB  - The risk of multiple myeloma among furniture workers was investigated in a case
      control study with the use of death certificate statements on occupation in North
      Carolina counties with heavy employment in furniture-manufacturing industries.
      From computerized mortality listings, 301 male deaths from multiple myeloma were
      identified, and 858 controls were selected from deaths due to other causes;
      controls were matched by sex, race, county of usual residence, age at death, and
      year of death. Employment in the furniture industry was associated with a
      nonsignificant excess risk of multiple myeloma [relative risk (RR) = 1.3],
      particularly among subjects who died before age 65 (RR = 1.7) and among those
      born before 1905 (RR = 1.5). A significantly elevated risk (RR = 5.4) was seen
      for furniture workers who were born before 1905 and died prior to age 65.
      Unexpectedly, farmers were found to have a significantly decreased risk of
      multiple myeloma (RR = 0.6). The finding of an elevated risk of myeloma in
      earlier cohorts of furniture workers may be a clue to the nature of the
      environmental exposure.

PMID- 3857379
TI  - Occurrence of tumors among litters of BALB/c female mice.
AB  - In the application of statistical techniques to tumor incidence data it is
      generally assumed that animals respond independently with regard to tumor
      occurrence, with littermates being no more alike than are animals from different
      litters. Data for nine different types of tumors from the large ED01 study
      conducted at the National Center for Toxicological Research were used to compare
      tumor prevalence rates among litters with the tumor rates expected under the
      assumption of homogeneity of tumor rates among litters. These data did not
      provide sufficient evidence to reject the assumption of homogeneity of tumor
      prevalence rates among litters of inbred female BALB/c mice for either
      spontaneously occurring tumors or bladder tumors produced by exposure to 2
      acetylaminofluorene (CAS: 53-96-3). However, there does appear to be a difference
      in liver tumor prevalence rates among litters at 24 months of age. Thus litter
      effects are a factor that should be considered in the assignment of animals to
      treatment groups in carcinogenesis studies.

PMID- 3857380
TI  - Adhesion, chemotaxis, and aggregation of Walker carcinosarcoma cells in response
      to products of resorbing bone.
AB  - Cells from the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma, a rat breast tumor with a propensity to
      metastasize to bone, were labeled with [131I]5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and then
      added to 96-hour organ cultures of fetal Sprague-Dawley rat calvaria that had
      been prelabeled with 45Ca and incubated with various stimulators or inhibitors of
      resorption. In conditioned media from resorbing bone cultures, the number of
      cells that attached to the bone surfaces correlated with the degree of bone
      resorption (r = 0.65; P less than .005). The attachment response was maximal
      after 180 minutes of cocultivation and was inhibited by preincubation of the
      tumor cells with 10(-5) M cytochalasin B. Cellular attachment appeared to be
      promoted by a trypsin-sensitive factor released into the organ culture medium
      from resorbing bones. Enhanced tumor cell attachment did not appear to be related
      to a change in the surface properties of the resorbing bone, since it was not
      observed when the conditioned media were replaced with fresh medium. Furthermore,
      tumor cells placed in conditioned medium demonstrated increased attachment to
      plastic surfaces and formed aggregates. While there was a direct correlation
      between the ability of conditioned medium to promote cellular adhesion and
      chemotactic migration (r = 0.85; P less than .05), the factors responsible for
      chemotaxis and adhesion could be separated by gel filtration. The release of such
      factors from resorbing bones may promote the formation of secondary bone tumors,
      since in this system attachment of unlabeled cells was followed by proliferation
      of tumor cells and evidence of bone invasion.

PMID- 3857381
TI  - Combination heparin plus cortisone treatment of two transplanted tumors in C3H/He
      mice.
AB  - C3H/He inbred mice bearing either C3H mouse mammary or RIF-1 tumors of 180-mm3
      volume were treated with a combination of heparin (500 anticoagulation U/ml
      drinking water) plus cortisone (either 250 mg/kg/day tapering to 37 mg/kg/day or
      a constant dose of 75 mg/kg/day). Five types of heparin were tested in this
      study. RIF-1 tumors shrank to approximately half the volume at the start of
      therapy after only 3 days of treatment; mammary tumors took longer to respond,
      not reaching half the starting volume until after 11 days of treatment. In both
      tumors response was transient, the tumors eventually regrowing. However, response
      to combined heparin and cortisone therapy was in fact no different from the
      response to cortisone used alone. Also, cortisone treatment was extremely toxic
      to these animals and experiments had to be terminated after about 3 weeks of
      therapy.

PMID- 3857382
TI  - Partial characterization of n-butanol-solubilized rejection-type antigens of
      syngeneic murine colon tumors.
AB  - Previous investigation of the transplantation immunity of 2 cultured murine colon
      lines of BALB/c origin, C-C36 and C-C26, showed these tumor lines to be
      immunogenic against individual tumors and to have possibly cross-reactive, tumor
      rejection-type antigens. For characterization of the molecular features of tumor
      rejection antigens expressed on the colon tumor cells, n-butanol was used for the
      extraction of rejection-type antigens from tumor cells and immunogenic molecules
      were analyzed on transplantation immunity. The data demonstrated that extraction
      of the rejection-type antigens from C-C36 and C-C26 surface membrane without
      cellular lysis was possible with n-butanol treatment of these cells, and
      immunogenic activities of these extracts from C-C36 and C-C26 cells were more
      potent than those of nonionic detergent Nonidet P40 extracts in the tumor
      rejection assays. The extracts were partially characterized by chromatographic
      separation on Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and lectin-affinity chromatography.
      It was suggested that the C-C36 antigens responsible for tumor-rejection activity
      against the same tumor cells had a molecular weight range of approximately
      150,000 to 250,000 (fraction II) in the presence of 5 mM EDTA and had been eluted
      into unbound fractions to lens culinaris lectin on affinity chromatography.
      Moreover, immunization of mice with antigens from the same fractions (fraction
      II) of n-butanol extracts of C-C26 tumor on the gel filtration could induce the
      resistance against challenged C-C36 as well as against challenged C-C26 tumor
      growth. These results may indicate that solubilized tumor-rejection-type antigens
      found in C-C36 and C-C26 colon tumors have a size similar to that of the
      molecules and that cross-reacting, rejection-type antigens between these cells
      are the products of the same gene clusters or somatic derivatives of a single
      gene.

PMID- 3857383
TI  - Infectivity of Friend murine leukemia virus for hamster cells.
AB  - Hamster-adapted Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) infected hamster cells and
      produced an XC-positive progeny. However, the sensitivity of hamster-adapted F
      MuLV's to hamster cells was about 100 times lower than that to mouse cells.
      Hamster cells chronically infected with F-MuLV in vitro produced progeny virus in
      titers comparable to those in similarly infected mouse cells. Xenotropic and
      amphotropic murine leukemia virus can infect hamster cells when phenotypically
      mixed with the F-MuLV. Murine sarcoma virus pseudotyped with the F-MuLV easily
      induced sarcomas in hamsters and transformed hamster cells in vitro.

PMID- 3857384
TI  - Tumor induction in Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis by N,N'-2,7
      fluorenylenebisacetamide.
AB  - Feeding N,N'-2,7-fluorenylenebisacetamide (CAS:304-28-9) at 0.025% to 15 male and
      15 female mastomys considerably shortened their life-span. At death every treated
      mastomys had several primary tumors; untreated animals at comparable ages had
      none. Several mastomys with hepatoblastomas and 1 with giant cell hepatitis and a
      metastasizing pancreatic carcinoma are first reported here. The tumor load per
      animal averaged 4.0 for treated females, 2.6 for treated males, 1.5 for untreated
      females, and 0.6 for untreated males. Of 24 hepatic tumors in treated mastomys,
      11 metastasized, compared to none of the incipient tumors in 8 of 26 untreated
      animals. Pancreatic adenomas developed in 27 treated and 1 untreated mastomys,
      and a metastasizing adenocarcinoma developed in 1 treated animal. All treated
      females, 3 treated males, and 1 untreated female developed multiple villous
      adenomas in the small intestine. One untreated female and 8 treated females
      developed mammary cancers, 4 of which metastasized. Primary tumors of other sites
      occurred infrequently.

PMID- 3857385
TI  - Comparative carcinogenesis by hydroxylated nitrosopropylamines in Syrian
      hamsters.
AB  - The relationship between the chemical structure of nitrosamines and their
      carcinogenic activity has been examined in Syrian golden hamsters in parallel
      with similar studies in rats to aid in explaining the sharp interspecies
      differences in response to these compounds. The relationship between the beta
      oxidized N-propyl-nitrosamine structure and the induction of tumors of the
      pancreatic duct in Syrian golden hamsters was investigated by administration of a
      number of asymmetric acyclic nitrosamines containing that structure to female
      hamsters for 29-50 weeks. N-Nitroso-2-oxopropyl-2-hydroxyethylamine (OPE), N
      nitroso-2-hydroxypropyl-2-hydroxyethylamine (NIEA), and N-nitroso-2,3
      dihydroxypropyl-2-oxopropylamine (DHPOP) induced pancreatic tumors. OPE also
      induced a high incidence of liver neoplasms, and a number of animals given NIEA
      and N-nitrosoallyl-2-oxopropylamine (NAOP) also had liver neoplasms. N-Nitroso
      2,3-dihydroxypropyl-2-hydroxyethylamine was very weakly carcinogenic. N-Nitroso
      2,3-dihydroxypropyl-2-hydroxypropylamine and DHPOP induced a high incidence of
      neoplasms of the forestomach (mainly papillomas). N-Nitrosoallyl-2,3
      dihydroxypropylamine, N-nitrosoallyl-2-hydroxypropylamine, and NAOP induced
      primarily neoplasms of the nasal mucosa but no neoplasms of the pancreatic ducts
      in hamsters.

PMID- 3857386
TI  - Chemoprevention of N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced mammary cancers by pretreatment
      with 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone.
AB  - Because hormones of pregnancy are thought to alter the mammary gland such that
      the epithelial cells are less susceptible to future carcinogenic insults, the
      present study was conducted to determine the ability of short-term treatment with
      17 beta-estradiol and/or progesterone, administered immediately after puberty, to
      prevent mammary cancers in rats subsequently exposed to N-nitroso-N-methylurea
      [(NMU) CAS:684-93-5]. Beginning at 40 days of age, female outbred Sprague-Dawley
      rats received 20 micrograms 17 beta-estradiol and/or 4 mg progesterone for 5
      weeks. NMU (50 mg/kg body wt) was administered at 96 and 103 days of age (3 and 4
      wk, respectively, after the last hormone injection). Pretreatment of rats with 17
      beta-estradiol plus progesterone was highly effective in preventing mammary
      cancer induction (88% fewer cancers compared to the cancer incidence in rats
      pretreated with the hormone vehicle). Wholemounts of the mammary glands of rats
      treated with 17 beta-estradiol plus progesterone revealed that the gland was
      stimulated to a highly differentiated state (similar to that observed in late
      pregnancy). At the time of NMU treatment, the gland had involuted but was quite
      different from controls; i.e. an absence of terminal end buds and terminal ducts
      was noted. The short-term treatment with hormones did not induce tumors and did
      not interfere with subsequent reproductive and lactational performance. It is
      apparent that stimulation of the mammary gland to a highly differentiated state
      early in life can provide protection against future carcinogen exposure.

PMID- 3857389
TI  - Quantitative risk assessment: report of the Subcommittee on Environmental
      Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Advisory Board.

PMID- 3857388
TI  - Polyamines as mediators of the effect of prolactin and growth hormone on the
      growth of N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced rat mammary tumor cultured in vitro in
      soft agar.
AB  - This study evaluated the role of polyamines in mediating the effect of ovine
      prolactin (oPRL) and ovine growth hormone (oGH) on the growth of the N-nitroso-N
      methylurea [(NMU) CAS:684-93-5]-induced rat (Sprague-Dawley) mammary cancer
      cultured in soft agar. oPRL and oGH had a dose-related growth-promoting effect
      when added to NMU-induced mammary tumors cultured in soft agar in the absence of
      serum. The effect of oPRL and oGH was blocked by alpha-difluoromethylornithine
      (DFMO), a suicide inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme
      of polyamine biosynthesis. Exogenous administration of polyamines reversed the
      inhibitory effect of DFMO and completely restored the action of oPRL and oGH. Our
      results indicated that polyamines are essential in mediating the growth of the
      NMU-induced mammary tumor under these experimental conditions.

PMID- 3857387
TI  - Two cases of lymphosarcoma in channel catfish exposed to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine.
AB  - Of 158 channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) exposed to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine [(MNNG) CAS:70-25-7] in water for 28 days, 2 developed
      disseminated lymphosarcoma. One fish was necropsied at 12 months and another at
      18 months following exposure. Both fish had a massive neoplastic infiltration of
      the bilateral pairs of head and trunk kidneys from which the neoplastic cells
      appeared to originate. The neoplastic infiltration was also observed in the
      following: thymus, gills, oral mucosa, liver, skin, skeletal muscle of head-neck
      region, and to a lesser extent spleen and bone marrow. This is probably the first
      report of lymphosarcoma in channel catfish. Although the occurrence of
      lymphosarcoma in these 2 catfish appeared to be related to exposure to MNNG, the
      exact role MNNG played in the tumor formation was not determined.

PMID- 3857390
TI  - [Effect of jejunoileoshunting on hyperlipoproteinemia in patients with pathologic
      obesity].

PMID- 3857391
TI  - [Nutrition problems in cancer patients. When the joy of eating is lacking].

PMID- 3857392
TI  - [Roulette with inheritance].

PMID- 3857393
TI  - The assessment of bulimia in high school students.
AB  - This study attempted to: estimate the prevalence of bulimia among a sample of
      high school students; identify demographic variables associated with the
      disorder; and identify possible personality variables associated with bulimia.
      Based on the DSM-III criteria for bulimia, each of 257 students who participated
      in the study was assigned to one of three groups; 12 students (4.7%) were
      identified as bulimic, 88 (34.2%) as binge eaters, and 157 (61.1%) as normal
      eaters. Gender was the only demographic variable significantly associated with
      group, and all 12 of the bulimic students were female (7.1% of the female
      students). Personality differences were assessed with the California
      Psychological Inventory (CPI). On two of the scales, female students identified
      as bulimic and binge eaters scored significantly lower than students identified
      as normal eaters, indicating poorer adjustment. In males, none of the scales
      discriminated between the binge eater and normal eater groups. Results are
      discussed in the context of mental health needs among adolescents and high school
      students.

PMID- 3857394
TI  - Extraction of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from rat liver microsomes by
      detergents.
AB  - In these studies our goal was to solubilize the microsomal enzyme, 11 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11-HSD) as the first step in its purification.
      Enzyme was extracted from rat liver microsomes with representative detergents
      (Zwittergents, Tritons, modified sterols). Oxidation-reduction (O-R) ratios of
      extracts varied with detergent used and ranged from 0.18 (CHAPS) to 3.8
      (Zwittergent 3-14) relative to a ratio of 1.7 in intact microsomes. All
      detergents solubilized 11-HSD using lack of sedimentation during high speed
      centrifugation as criterion. With Triton DF-18 and Triton X-100, optimum
      extraction of 11-HSD occurred in the detergent-protein ratio range of 0.1 to 0.2
      O-R ratios decreased with increased Triton X-100, but were constant as Triton DF
      18 was varied. The pH optimum of enzyme extraction was 9 at a detergent-protein
      ratio of 0.05 and 7.5-8.0 at a ratio of 0.2. Sodium chloride increased enzyme
      extraction by detergents; in the absence of detergent, salt extracted protein,
      but not enzyme. In aqueous solution at 0 degrees C or -15 degrees C, microsomal
      11-oxidation activity rose within 24 h, then decreased; reductase activity
      consistently decreased. Oxidation and reduction activities were inversely related
      in the microsomal bound enzyme. No relationship between these activities appeared
      in detergent-solubilized enzymes. Possible mechanisms to account for the
      unexpected behavior of this enzyme are discussed.

PMID- 3857395
TI  - Acute leukaemia following malignant ependymoma: a case report.
AB  - Though an increasing number of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-related leukaemias
      are being reported, acute promyelocytic leukaemia developing as a therapy-related
      second malignancy is still uncommon. Here we report a case of acute promyelocytic
      leukemia, microgranular variant, developing in a case of intracranial malignant
      ependymoma, 1.5 years following treatment with craniospinal radiotherapy.

PMID- 3857396
TI  - A clinical evaluation of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen
      in patients with pancreatic carcinoma.
AB  - We have studied serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) and carcinoembryonic
      antigen (CEA) in 221 persons to assess their usefulness in the diagnosis of
      pancreatic carcinoma. Although serum CA 19-9 and CEA in all healthy controls were
      within normal limits, the positive ratings of serum CA 19-9 and CEA in all benign
      disease were 9.8% and 18.1%, respectively. Sensitivity of serum CA 19-9 for
      pancreatic carcinoma was 70.5%, which was higher than that found in healthy
      controls, benign disease, and other malignant disease except biliary carcinoma;
      but sensitivity of serum CEA levels (67.7%) was not different from that seen in
      malignant disease. Three of 34 patients (8.8%) with pancreatic carcinoma who had
      a above-normal levels of serum CA 19-9 but not serum CEA were resectable.
      Although there was no correlation between serum CA 19-9 and CEA, advanced stages
      of pancreatic, gastric, and colorectal carcinoma tend to show high serum CA 19-9
      and CEA, but no statistical differences were observed in relation to the stages
      of these carcinomas. Comparative studies of serum CA 19-9 and CEA for sensitivity
      and the predictive value of true positive and negative results for detecting
      pancreatic, gastric, and colorectal carcinoma showed that serum CA 19-9 has
      significantly higher sensitivity and predictive value of true positive results
      for pancreatic carcinoma than for gastric and colorectal carcinoma (P less than
      0.05). However, serum CEA measurements did not show any difference between these
      carcinomas, and the highest predictive value of a true negative result for
      excluding pancreatic carcinoma was also observed in serum CA 19-9. These results
      indicate that although the CA 19-9 assay is not specific for pancreatic
      carcinoma, it is more useful adjunct method for diagnosing pancreatic carcinoma,
      possibly in resectable stages.

PMID- 3857398
TI  - 14th annual UCLA symposia. April 6-26, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3857397
TI  - 14th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Biochemical and molecular epidemiology of
      cancer.

PMID- 3857399
TI  - 14th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Molecular genetics of filamentous fungi.

PMID- 3857400
TI  - 14th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Plant genetics.

PMID- 3857401
TI  - 14th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: Options for the control of influenza.

PMID- 3857402
TI  - A novel monoclonal antibody BI-3C5 recognises myeloblasts and non-B non-T
      lymphoblasts in acute leukaemias and CGL blast crises, and reacts with immature
      cells in normal bone marrow.
AB  - A MCA raised against the human acute myelogenous leukaemia cell line KG1 reacted
      with only KG1 among 26 haematopoietic cell lines covering the major lineages. It
      reacted with early myeloid (M1/2), 1 of 2 acute myelomonocytic (M4) and most non
      B non-T leukaemias, including blast crises of CGL. Among M1-AML cells, both MPO+
      and MPO- blasts were BI-3C5+. Blasts in 3 Tdt+ M1-AMLs were simultaneously BI
      3C5+. BI-3C5 reacted with 4% cells in normal BM, many of which were
      histologically recognisable as myeloid precursors. 8-15% of BI-3C5+ cells in BM
      were simultaneously Tdt+, and all were weakly Ia antigen+. BI-3C5 was unreactive
      with all peripheral leucocytes, with M3 and M5 AMLs, with lymphoid and myeloid
      leukaemias of "mature" phenotype (T-ALL, B-ALL, CLL, CGL) and with non
      haematopoietic cell lines. BI-3C5 precipitated a 120K moiety from 125I-labelled
      KG1 membranes. It was not blocked by J5 anti-cALLA. The potential use of BI-3C5
      in the classification of acute leukaemias is discussed.

PMID- 3857403
TI  - Antigens differentially expressed on surface and cytoplasmic structures of human
      myeloid cells.
AB  - Specialized internal granules are a major feature of myeloid differentiation and
      are deficient in most acute myeloid leukemia cells. Although they arise from the
      same synthetic apparatus as does the plasma membrane, their relationship to it is
      not well characterized in human tissues. Using murine monoclonal antibodies, we
      have identified myeloid-related structures that illustrate three possible modes
      of antigen expression in these organelles. Immunocytochemical studies with the
      light microscope have shown that the first (D51) was restricted to the surface of
      neutrophils, monocytes, megakaryocytes and platelets; a second (D46) was found on
      the surface of blastic cell lines but on only internal components of mature
      granulocytes; the third (H36/71) appeared on both the surface and internal
      particles of promyelocytes, myelocytes and polymorphs. These model antigens may
      be used to study the control of granule synthesis in normal and leukemic cells.

PMID- 3857404
TI  - NHL-30.5: a monoclonal antibody reactive with an acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
      associated antigen.
AB  - The reactivity of a murine IgG1 monoclonal antibody, NHL-30.5, that detects a
      surface antigen expressed on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells has been studied.
      Initially raised against the HL-60 cell line, NHL-30.5 has subsequently reacted
      with blood and/or bone marrow cells from 15 of 19 AML patients studied at
      presentation or in relapse, 1 patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
      (CMML), 1 patient with myelofibrosis (MF) who subsequently developed AML, and 1
      of 5 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It has shown no detectable
      binding to cells from AML patients in remission (0/3), patients with chronic
      myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase (CML) (0/7), normal bone marrow (0/9),
      normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells, granulocytes, platelets, erythrocytes,
      monocytes, or splenocytes by radioimmunoassay or fluorescence analysis using flow
      cytometry. HL-60 cells induced to differentiate following incubation in the
      presence of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) lost their ability to bind NHL-30.5.
      Immunoprecipitation of iodinated HL-60 cell surface components showed the antigen
      to have an apparent mol./wt of 180,000 under reducing conditions. These results
      suggest that the antigen is different from any other myeloid antigens reported to
      date, and may be useful in further studies of leukemic cell phenotypes.

PMID- 3857405
TI  - Immunomodulation of NK and ADCC by Corynebacterium parvum in acute myeloid
      leukaemia patients.
AB  - Natural killer (NK)- and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays were
      performed using cryopreserved effector cells in AML patients receiving i.c. and
      s.c. injections of Corynebacterium parvum. A dose related increase in NK could be
      demonstrated with peaks in NK at day 1 with full Cp dosage and at day 14 with 50%
      doses. This increase was attributable to the Cp vaccine since normal donors
      receiving tetanus toxoid or pneumococcal polysaccharide and AML patients
      randomized not to receive Cp did not show similar NK boosting. The increase was
      probably due to interferon induction in vivo and could be demonstrated with
      purified T- and non-T-lymphocyte subsets. However, longitudinal measurements
      showed that the ability of Cp to boost NK was gradually lost over 4-6 months.
      ADCC studies showed that while lymphocyte-ADCC was not consistently affected by
      Cp, monocyte-ADCC was enhanced with maximal cytotoxicity at day 14.

PMID- 3857406
TI  - Control of cell differentiation during proliferation. II. Myeloid differentiation
      and cell cycle arrest of HL-60 promyelocytes preceded by nuclear structural
      changes.
AB  - The time-dependent dynamics of nuclear structure, cell cycle transit and arrest,
      and cellular differentiation were studied using the human promyelocytic leukemia
      cell line HL-60. Myeloid differentiation of HL-60 cells was induced by 10(-6) M
      beta, all trans, retinoic acid (RA). During exponential growth the cells had G1,
      S, G2 and M durations of 9, 11, 0.5 and 0.5 h respectively. Significant growth
      arrest in the G1/0 phase of the cell cycle was apparent after 48 h of RA exposure
      or after two division cycles. Thereafter, cells arrested in G1/0 with wide
      dispersion in times of arrest which extended over several cell cycle generation
      times. The kinetics of phenotypic differentiation, detected by phorbol myristate
      acetate inducible superoxide production, paralleled those of G1/0 growth arrest
      with similar lag and dispersion. These kinetics are consistent with a model
      hypothesizing the existence of an S-phase differentiation control (DC) point
      regulating both terminal proliferation and differentiation. Before any cell
      differentiation or termination of cell proliferation occurred, the nuclei of RA
      treated cells underwent a structural change detected by narrow-angle light
      scatter measured with flow cytometry. Narrow-angle light scatter was transiently
      reduced, reaching a nadir at 24-48 h and returning to control values at 96 h.
      This change was independent of cell cycle phase or total nuclear protein content.
      It was associated with a morphological change of the nuclear membrane from a
      smooth to dimpled or pitted structure. These findings focus attention on the
      potential significance of nuclear structural reorganization as an early event
      during cell differentiation.

PMID- 3857407
TI  - Study of differentiation of fresh myelogenous leukemic cells by compounds that
      induce a human promyelocytic leukemic line (HL-60) to differentiate.
AB  - The human promyelocytic leukemia cell line known as HL-60 can be triggered to
      mature to functional granulocytes and/or macrophages after exposure to a variety
      of compounds. The findings have generated enthusiasm for possible therapy of
      leukemia using compounds that induce leukemic cell differentiation. We
      investigated whether five compounds known to trigger HL-60 differentiation to
      granulocytes could trigger the maturation of blast cells from 12 patients with
      myelogenous leukemia. Maturation was judged by morphology, superoxide production,
      phagocytosis, expression of Fc receptors, and development of alpha-napthyl
      acetate esterase activity. The blast cells from most patients showed little
      morphological, histological or functional maturation after exposure to the
      various compounds as compared to the blast cells cultured without the compounds.
      Actinomycin was able to induce significant maturation of leukemic cells of some
      patients when maturation was analyzed by several statistical methods. Our study
      suggests that many compounds which trigger differentiation of promyelocytic
      leukemia cells may not trigger differentiation of less mature myeloid leukemic
      cells.

PMID- 3857408
TI  - Identification of a membrane glycoprotein associated with haemopoietic progenitor
      cells.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (3C5) is described which selectively binds to progenitor
      cell populations in human bone marrow and foetal liver. Mature, lymphoid (T,B)
      colony forming cells do not express the antigen. The antibody identifies a cell
      surface glycoprotein of mol. wt approximately 100,000 which might have an
      important regulatory role in early haemopoietic differentiation.

PMID- 3857409
TI  - Variation in myc gene amplification and expression in sublines of HL60 cells.
AB  - Three sublines of the human promyelocytic leukaemia cell line HL60 have been
      isolated. Histochemical, karyotypic and immunological analyses have confirmed the
      identity of the three sublines as HL60. However, the extent to which c-myc
      homologous DNA sequences are amplified in the genomes of these cells varies from
      4- to 30-fold. Moreover, the relative abundance of c-myc-related RNA sequences in
      uninduced cells of each subline is directly proportional to the gene copy number.
      It is concluded that, while high levels of the c-myc gene and its transcripts may
      have had a role in the establishment of HL60 cells, these are not required for
      maintenance of the HL60 phenotype. However we cannot rule out the possibility
      that a low level of amplification and enhancement of transcription has a role in
      maintenance of this phenotype.

PMID- 3857411
TI  - Monocytic differentiation induced by 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 in myeloid cells:
      an ultrastructural immunocytochemical study.
AB  - We have studied, by ultrastructural morphology and immunocytochemistry, the
      alterations that occur in cells from the HL60 leukaemia cell line and from
      patients with CGL following incubation in vitro with 1,25(OH)2D3 for 2-5 days.
      The main morphological changes observed were in the nuclear shape, the
      development of autophagic vacuoles and the appearance of a population of small
      granules in the cytoplasm. These changes were associated with a significant
      reduction in MPO activity and increased expression of membrane antigens detected
      by the monocyte-specific McAb FMC17 and FMC32, as shown by the IGM at EM level,
      and a decrease in granulocyte-specific antigens demonstrated by the McAb FMC10.
      These observations suggest that promyelocytes and myelocytes could transform into
      monocyte-like cells and that this remodelling of cells was associated with
      autophagic digestion of cellular structures.

PMID- 3857410
TI  - Screening for induction of differentiation and toxicity to blast cells by
      chemotherapeutic compounds in human myeloid leukemia.
AB  - Bone marrow cells from 9 patients with acute myeloid leukemia and 1 patient with
      a blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia were cultured to determine their
      ability to be induced to differentiate by different chemotherapeutic compounds.
      Five of these 10 patients showed differentiation to granulocytic and/or monocytic
      cells by culture with medium containing the myeloid cell differentiation-inducing
      protein MGI-2. Actinomycin D induced differentiation in cells from 2 of the
      patients who did not show differentiation with MGI-2 containing medium. In these
      7 patients there was an increase in the ratio of differentiated myeloid cells to
      blasts. None of these 10 patients showed induction of differentiation by cytosine
      arabinoside, adriamycin, or daunomycin, but treatment with these compounds showed
      in some patients an increase in the ratio of differentiated myeloid cells to
      blasts. The results indicate that this ratio can be increased by differentiation
      and also in some patients by toxicity to blast cells. With dexamethasone or
      vinblastine there was no induction of differentiation and no increase in this
      ratio in any of the 10 patients tested. After in vivo chemotherapy with low dose
      cytosine arabinoside, cells from one patient showed a similar response in culture
      to actinomycin D as cells before chemotherapy, whereas in another patient the
      cells had acquired the ability to respond to actinomycin D. In contrast, after
      high-dose in vivo chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside and daunomycin, cells
      from a third patient seemed to have lost the ability to differentiate in vitro by
      MGI-2 containing medium or actinomycin D. The results indicate that pre-screening
      for differentiation-inducing compounds and compounds that show toxicity to blast
      cells should be useful to select the appropriate compounds to be used for
      therapy, and that it is advisable to screen the cells both before and after
      initiation of therapy.

PMID- 3857412
TI  - Cytogenetics of acute promyelocytic leukaemia: incidence of t(15;17) at the Royal
      Marsden Hospital, London.
AB  - This is the first report from a laboratory in the U.K. of the incidence of
      t(15;17) in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. One of the cases has a variant
      translocation, t(15;17)(q22;q25). A t(15;17) translocation was present in all
      cases considered to be adequately studied.

PMID- 3857413
TI  - Cytogenetic studies on acute myelomonocytic leukaemia (M4) with eosinophilia.
AB  - Cytological and cytogenetic studies on 17 acute myelomonocytic leukemia with bone
      marrow eosinophilia (M4EO) are reported. Cytological criteria include an unusual
      high proportion of eosinophilic cells containing abnormal granules. Abnormal
      karyotypes have been found in 12 patients but chromosome 16 abnormalities were
      present in only 9. In two of them only one such mitosis was detected whereas in 7
      others inv(16)(p13q22) and/or del (16)(q22) clones were present. However in 16
      cases normal karyotypes were also present. Other abnormal clones coexisted in
      three patients, suggesting that chromosome 16 abnormalities are not linked to a
      primary leukemogenic event. M4EO was found to be associated with a favourable
      prognosis.

PMID- 3857414
TI  - [Calcium and active-type vitamin D].

PMID- 3857415
TI  - [Somatoform diseases in clinical dentistry].

PMID- 3857416
TI  - [Management of pain in head and neck neoplasms].

PMID- 3857418
TI  - [Use of personal computers in dental clinics].

PMID- 3857417
TI  - [Crown down pressureless technic in root canal therapy].

PMID- 3857420
TI  - LMT poll: dentists tell how they choose their laboratories.

PMID- 3857419
TI  - [Shock of a patient facing amputation and the support offered by the nursing
      staff].

PMID- 3857421
TI  - How to develop new customers through direct mail.

PMID- 3857422
TI  - The future of technology.

PMID- 3857424
TI  - [Serum CA 1,25 in patients with non-ovarian tumors. Evidence of a relation
      between the increase of the antigen and hepatic disease].

PMID- 3857423
TI  - [Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Analysis of 21 cases].

PMID- 3857425
TI  - Parotid hypertrophy with bulimia: a report of surgical management.
AB  - Benign hypertrophy of the salivary glands can occur in patients with anorexia
      nervosa. This enlargement has been related to nutritional deficiencies and
      bulimia, which is a form of episodic binge eating followed by vomiting. The
      surgical management of a patient with bulimia and benign bilateral parotid
      enlargement secondary to bulimia will be discussed. Superficial parotidectomy may
      be a useful adjunct in managing the cosmetic and psychological aspects of
      patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia complicated by massive parotid
      hypertrophy intractable to medical management.

PMID- 3857426
TI  - Oral implantology: specialty status.

PMID- 3857427
TI  - Use of advanced dental implant procedures for complete dentistry on a TMJ
      patient.

PMID- 3857428
TI  - Preparation of isolated Leydig cells.

PMID- 3857429
TI  - Sons and daughters--a sex preselection study.
AB  - A study designed to check the feasibility of a modified Shettles' sex selection
      technique was carried out in 73 women over four years. The results did not show a
      statistically significant difference from the sex ratios which resulted from
      uncontrolled intercourse.

PMID- 3857430
TI  - Successful treatment of pulmonary and abdominal metastatic osteosarcoma.
AB  - A patient with telangiectatic osteosarcoma of the proximal fibula while receiving
      adjuvant chemotherapy, developed pulmonary and, later, mesenteric metastases. The
      pulmonary metastases were resected and the mesenteric metastasis was eradicated
      with surgery and intra-arterial cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II. This represents
      an additional example of an alteration in the clinical pattern of metastases
      induced by chemotherapy and the ability to achieve cure with a multidisciplinary
      approach.

PMID- 3857432
TI  - [Reconstructive meniscoplasty of the temporomandibular joint].

PMID- 3857431
TI  - Osteogenic sarcoma.

PMID- 3857433
TI  - [Composite fillings. New dental adhesives].

PMID- 3857434
TI  - [In vitro toxicity of dental materials used in restorative and prosthetic
      dentistry. III. Gold and its alloys].

PMID- 3857435
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of nefopam in dental outpatient
      practice].

PMID- 3857436
TI  - [Anaerobic flora of a periodontal abscess].

PMID- 3857437
TI  - [Dehiscences and fenestrations. Incidence and distribution].

PMID- 3857438
TI  - [A simplified method for orthodontic and orthopedic distal tooth movement in the
      upper arch].

PMID- 3857439
TI  - [Laser radiation in medical therapy. With special reference to dentistry].

PMID- 3857440
TI  - [Lesions of the hypoglossal nerve: diagnosis and therapy. Rehabilitation in a
      case of bilateral posttraumatic paralysis performed by a microsurgical technic].

PMID- 3857441
TI  - [Autogenous transplantation of the canine. Clinical evaluation a decade later].

PMID- 3857442
TI  - [Treatment of mandibular fractures by osteosynthesis].

PMID- 3857443
TI  - [Diagnosis in endodontics].

PMID- 3857444
TI  - [Pain control in endodontics].

PMID- 3857445
TI  - [An endodontic technic from the School of Dentistry in Pavia].

PMID- 3857446
TI  - [Periapical surgery].

PMID- 3857447
TI  - [Anesthesiological and resuscitation problems in the corrective surgery of jaw
      malformations].

PMID- 3857448
TI  - [The facial arch from 2 points of reference: anatomical and radiographic, via the
      anatomofunctional stomatognathic analyzer].

PMID- 3857449
TI  - [Assessment of the transmission of prosthetic loads by reflexion
      photoelasticity].

PMID- 3857450
TI  - [Administration and management of the dental office].

PMID- 3857451
TI  - [SEM observations on reabsorption areas of human cement in normal and
      pathological conditions].

PMID- 3857452
TI  - [Ultramicroscopic aspects of the dental pulp of rodents (Sciurus m.)].

PMID- 3857453
TI  - [Changes in the salivary pH of diabetics. A clinico-statistical comparison with a
      normal population].

PMID- 3857454
TI  - [Clinico-statistical research on toothlessness in a sample of geriatric
      patients].

PMID- 3857455
TI  - [Mirror cheilognathoschisis in thoracoabdominopagus twins: an unusual
      malformation picture].

PMID- 3857456
TI  - [Macroglossia in a nursing infant with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Description
      of a case].

PMID- 3857457
TI  - [Acupuncture and hypnosis as alternative anesthesias in dentistry].

PMID- 3857458
TI  - [Inherent problems in osteoradionecrosis of the jaws].

PMID- 3857459
TI  - Systemic fluoride supplements. Every patient who can benefit needs the proper
      dose.

PMID- 3857460
TI  - Family of human alpha-interferon-like sequences.
AB  - An interferon-alpha-like sequence was isolated from a human genomic library by
      hybridization with a 15-base oligonucleotide. The sequence also showed homology
      to alpha-interferon and was most closely related to the leukocyte interferon-M
      gene fragment. The original isolate cross-hybridized to a family of sequences, 10
      of which were isolated as clones. Some of these sequences were located within a
      few kilobases of alpha-interferon genes, consistent with our assignment of
      several members of the family to human chromosome 9 which also has the beta 1-
      and alpha-interferon genes.

PMID- 3857461
TI  - c-abl Oncogene and chromosome 22 "bcr" juxtaposition in chronic myelogenous
      leukemia.

PMID- 3857462
TI  - Myopathy in McArdle's syndrome.

PMID- 3857463
TI  - New route to antibiotic creation.

PMID- 3857464
TI  - Production of 'hybrid' antibiotics by genetic engineering.
AB  - The recent development of molecular cloning systems in Streptomyces has made
      possible the isolation of biosynthetic genes for some of the many antibiotics
      produced by members of this important genus of bacteria. Such clones can now be
      used to test the idea that novel antibiotics could arise through the transfer of
      biosynthetic genes between streptomycetes producing different antibiotics. The
      likelihood of a 'hybrid' compound being produced must depend on the substrate
      specificities of the biosynthetic enzymes, about which little is known. In
      attempts to demonstrate hybrid antibiotic production, we therefore began with
      strains producing different members of the same chemical class of compounds in
      order to maximize the chance of success. Here we report the production of novel
      compounds by gene transfer between strains producing the isochromanequinone
      antibiotics actinorhodin, granaticin and medermycin. These experiments were made
      possible by the recent cloning of the whole set of genes for the biosynthetic
      pathway of actinorhodin from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (ref. 8). We believe
      that this represents the first report of the production of hybrid antibiotics by
      genetic engineering.

PMID- 3857465
TI  - Growth factors. Neuropeptides as mitogens.

PMID- 3857466
TI  - Caudal ventrolateral medulla. A region responsible for the mediation of
      vasopressin-induced pressor responses.
AB  - We localized glutamate-sensitive sites in the ventrolateral medulla of the rat
      with the spinal cord cut at C. When unilaterally injected into a circumscribed
      region of the caudal ventrolateral medulla, L-glutamate (30-300 ng) elicited a
      dose-dependent increase in arterial pressure. The pressor response was accounted
      for by an increased release of vasopressin because it was abolished by the
      intravenous injection of a vasopressin antagonist. Bilateral microinjections of
      kainic acid (50 ng) into the ventrolateral glutamate-sensitive area markedly
      reduced a vasopressin-induced pressor response to kainic acid (30 ng), injected
      bilaterally into the nucleus tractus solitarii. It is concluded that the
      glutamate-sensitive neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla are involved in
      mediation of the vasopressin-induced pressor response arising from the nucleus
      tractus solitarii.

PMID- 3857467
TI  - Balloons on the CCU.

PMID- 3857469
TI  - Screening for congenital hypothyroidism in North Carolina--1979-1984.

PMID- 3857468
TI  - When Crohn's disease is not Crohn's disease.

PMID- 3857470
TI  - The bedside evaluation of orthostatic hypotension.

PMID- 3857471
TI  - Taljaribu kila dawa isifal: yohimbine intoxication.

PMID- 3857472
TI  - Coalition on sexually transmitted diseases.

PMID- 3857473
TI  - The diagnosis of viral pneumonitis in a compromised host: is an aggressive
      approach warranted?

PMID- 3857474
TI  - Changes in plasma lipoproteins due to alcohol consumption.

PMID- 3857475
TI  - Chlorpromazine in experimental gastric ulcers induced by restraint and cold
      stress.

PMID- 3857476
TI  - A pelvic mass with periosteal reaction.

PMID- 3857477
TI  - Hodgkin's disease in half-siblings.

PMID- 3857478
TI  - Adult-onset Still's disease and inflammatory orbital pseudotumor.

PMID- 3857480
TI  - Adult-onset Still's disease.

PMID- 3857479
TI  - Hodgkin's disease in siblings.

PMID- 3857481
TI  - Recurrent malignant melanoma following a 46-year disease-free interval.

PMID- 3857482
TI  - Solitary nonparasitic liver cysts.

PMID- 3857483
TI  - Candida tropicalis papillary necrosis treated with ketoconazole.

PMID- 3857485
TI  - Legal and administrative barriers to health care.

PMID- 3857484
TI  - Racial equality in the American health care system: an unfulfilled ideal.

PMID- 3857486
TI  - Maternal and child health care: a deepening crisis.

PMID- 3857487
TI  - A comparison of selected health indicators for black and white children in New
      York State.

PMID- 3857488
TI  - The restraint of progress. Declining participation of blacks and other minorities
      in medical schools.

PMID- 3857489
TI  - Black-Jewish relationships. Access to health services and health careers.

PMID- 3857490
TI  - Minorities and New York medical schools. Past failures and the prospect for
      future successes.

PMID- 3857491
TI  - Black doctors on television.

PMID- 3857492
TI  - The status of Asian Americans in the health care delivery system in New York.

PMID- 3857493
TI  - Gastrointestinal malignancies in black Americans.

PMID- 3857494
TI  - Hypertension in blacks. Is it a different disease?

PMID- 3857495
TI  - Sarcoidosis: focus on the black patient.

PMID- 3857496
TI  - Coronary heart disease in black Americans.

PMID- 3857497
TI  - Caesarean section in Christchurch.
AB  - Base hospital caesarean section rates in Christchurch have risen from 4.1% in
      1967 to 14.1% in 1982. However, the Christchurch district caesarean section rate
      for 1982 was only 9.6%. Analysis of the indications for caesarean section
      according to the year showed that most indications have increased in frequency
      and that between 1977 and 1982 this increase was highly significant for failure
      to progress and fetal distress. Analysis of the indications for caesarean section
      according to the type of antenatal booking revealed that in 1982 private patients
      underwent caesarean section more frequently than clinic patients and that they
      were more likely to have the caesarean section for failure to progress or fetal
      distress. Emergency transfer patients had an even higher primary caesarean
      section rate for most indications.

PMID- 3857498
TI  - Incidence of acquired primary hypolactasia in three New Zealand racial groups.
AB  - The relative frequency of acquired primary hypolactasia has been determined in
      adult Maoris, Samoans and Europeans by measuring an alteration in breath hydrogen
      concentration two hours after a 50 g oral lactose load. By this indirect
      measurement hypolactasia was present in 64% of Maoris, 54% of Samoans and 9% of
      Europeans. The differences between Maoris and Europeans (p less than 0.001) and
      between Samoans and Europeans (p less than 0.001) were significant.

PMID- 3857499
TI  - Reform of the Mental Health Act.

PMID- 3857500
TI  - The practice of artificial insemination of donor sperm in New Zealand.

PMID- 3857501
TI  - The use of a general purpose computed tomography unit.
AB  - Two thousand five hundred and forty computed tomography (CT) examinations over a
      three year period were studied to determine the number of examinations of the
      body being performed, the use of body CT by clinicians from different specialties
      and the proportion of such patients with known or suspected malignant disease.
      Examinations were divided into head and body categories, the latter being sub
      divided into groups on the basis of known neoplastic, suspected neoplastic and
      non-neoplastic disease. Forty-eight percent of examinations were of the body, and
      of these 44% were of patients with suspected neoplasia referred by general
      clinicians. The number of patients with known extracranial neoplasia referred by
      oncologists or radiotherapists was similar to the number of patients in whom
      there was no suspicion of malignancy. There is a significant demand for CT in the
      management of non-malignant conditions as well as in known or suspected malignant
      disease. The figures provided should be of value to those involved in
      establishing or updating CT units in general hospitals.

PMID- 3857502
TI  - Expressed interest in health-related lifestyle change in three communities.
AB  - Little is known about the public's motivation to change lifestyles in a healthy
      direction. This study reports results from surveys conducted in three divergent
      New Zealand communities, two urban and one rural (total n = 467), and shows a
      striking degree of interest in changing lifestyles, and a uniformity of
      preferences. Two-thirds or more of all adults interviewed expressed interest in
      changing their lifestyles, and three lifestyle areas consistently emerged as
      being of top priority: fitness, losing weight and stress-management. When a Maori
      subsample is examined, an even higher degree of interest was found than that for
      Europeans. The implications of these findings for the planning of health
      promotion activities are discussed.

PMID- 3857504
TI  - Abortion and medical discipline.

PMID- 3857503
TI  - Drug binding to plasma proteins.

PMID- 3857505
TI  - In defence of traditional massage.

PMID- 3857506
TI  - Trimet v amoxycillin in the treatment of otitis media in children.

PMID- 3857508
TI  - Selenium and man.

PMID- 3857507
TI  - Serological markers of hepatitis B infection in Niue children.
AB  - Hepatitis B infection is hyperendemic in the adult population of Niue. In order
      to determine the age at which infection is acquired and the contribution of
      vertical and horizontal transmission, the sera from 1055 children were tested for
      markers of hepatitis B infection. Eleven percent (11.0%) were found to be
      carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and a further 33.6% had antibody
      to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). While less than 15% of the population
      were infected before the age of two years, these children had the greatest risk
      of becoming chronic carriers. The simplest method of controlling hepatitis B
      infection in Niue would be to immunise all newborn babies.

PMID- 3857509
TI  - The educational value of grand rounds.
AB  - There is little recent factual data published relating to the effectiveness of
      grand rounds as a forum for teaching and learning. This study, undertaken to
      evaluate the educational value of grand rounds at the Auckland Hospital showed
      that when required to answer a questionnaire based on medical information
      transmitted at the previous week's grand round, members of the audience who had
      been present scored significantly higher than those who were absent. (Possible
      score 16; score for those present was 12.1, those absent 3.9, p less than 0.001.)
      However, it was also shown that some in the audience had acquired erroneous
      information, and although the problem was not a large one, it is recommended that
      chairmen of grand rounds learn to recognise the potential for confusion when
      experts speak imprecisely or disagree over points of patient management.

PMID- 3857510
TI  - Childhood crises--who to tell?
AB  - This study describes an investigation of community attitudes in Christchurch
      towards sources of help for children in crisis situations. To whom the child
      turns is particularly important when a child is unable or unwilling to ask a
      parent for help. The children sampled showed a preference for informal sources of
      support (such as friends, relatives, rather than formal, such as teachers, crisis
      counsellors, doctors). Most professionals believed children should use their
      services in preference to those of other professions. The adults rated formal
      sources of support, particularly teachers, much higher than the children. Of the
      formal services crisis-counsellors, and in particular the Childhelp Line, a 24
      hour telephone counselling service for children, was the most preferred. The
      findings tend to demonstrate the value of a child-oriented crisis line to the
      community.

PMID- 3857511
TI  - Enoxacin for the treatment of urinary tract infection.
AB  - Enoxacin, a new orally absorbed broad spectrum anti-microbial agent, was used to
      treat 25 patients with moderate or severe urinary tract infections. Many were
      complicated and associated with renal insufficiency. Eighteen of the 25 were
      cured, five had a relapse and two became reinfected with a resistant
      Streptococcus faecalis. Fourteen of the patients reported side effects, including
      six with a neurological syndrome, one with widespread arthralgia and one with an
      Achilles tendonitis. Further studies are indicated with this potent drug to
      assess its role in the management of severe or complicated urinary infections and
      to assess the optimum dose and duration of therapy.

PMID- 3857513
TI  - Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, New Zealand
      branch, May 1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 3857512
TI  - Blood donors of the Canterbury regional blood transfusion service.
AB  - A study of 1262 city blood donors showed that they are significantly different
      from the urban population eligible to donate. City blood donors are youthful and
      live in middleclass suburbs, donating in relation to work. Men predominate
      (1.3:1) and donate for longer than women. Young women donate blood readily but
      often discontinue in their late twenties, whereas in the country, women
      predominate (1.3:1), and continue giving into their forties. Recruited city
      donors are frequently women in their thirties and forties. It is concluded that
      future city blood donor recruitment should be directed to suburban women in their
      thirties and forties.

PMID- 3857514
TI  - The West Otago illness.

PMID- 3857515
TI  - The influence of surfactant amphiphiles on the esterase activity of (bile-salt
      stimulated) lipase from human milk.

PMID- 3857516
TI  - Tobogganing--a perilous ride.

PMID- 3857517
TI  - Asthma deaths in New Zealand.

PMID- 3857518
TI  - Admission to coronary care units.

PMID- 3857519
TI  - Lumbar puncture in subarachnoid haemorrhage: yes or no?
AB  - Seventy patients admitted to the Auckland hospitals suffering from acute
      subarachnoid haemorrhage without major neurological deficits underwent diagnostic
      lumbar puncture. No patients showed immediate deterioration. Where the clinical
      indication exists and the circumstances require, lumbar puncture continues to be
      an appropriate investigation in establishing the diagnosis of subarachnoid
      haemorrhage.

PMID- 3857520
TI  - The management of reflux oesophagitis and oesophageal stricture.
AB  - In a five year period, 140 patients with hiatal hernia were admitted to the
      cardiothoracic surgery department for investigation and treatment of their
      condition. Seventy-three of these patients had oesophageal strictures and of
      these 35 were treated by oesophageal dilatation and Nissen fundoplication. One
      patient with an intractable stricture was treated by oesophagogastrectomy. The
      results of surgery were found to be identical with 47 patients without strictures
      who underwent Nissen fundoplication. Eighty-three percent of patients were
      symptom free with normal barium meals five to nine years postoperatively, 11% had
      only minor reflux or dysphagia and were greatly improved as compared with their
      preoperative state and 6% suffered significant recurrence of symptoms.
      Postoperative morbidity was slight and there was no mortality. Thirty-six
      patients with strictures were treated as outpatients by intermittent bouginage.
      Eleven patients still attend the department at approximately three monthly
      intervals.

PMID- 3857521
TI  - The epidemiology of campylobacter infections in Christchurch 1981-83.
AB  - The epidemiology of cases of campylobacter infection in Christchurch for 1981-83
      is studied. The condition is the most common notifiable disease, occurring mainly
      in summer and in children under five years and young adults (15 to 35 years).
      There is evidence to suggest that a rural residence, associated with live
      animals, or handling raw meat, are risk factors. Clearance occurs within two
      months in 90% of cases.

PMID- 3857522
TI  - Allergy to basidiospores: immunologic studies.
AB  - Fruiting bodies of larger basidiomycetous fungi were collected over a 15 month
      period from natural habitats and a total of 67 different antigenic extracts were
      prepared from spores or tissue, in buffered saline, pH8, and standardised at 1:50
      and 1:10 (W/V) concentrations. A number of heterogeneous and diagnosed allergic
      patients were tested by skin prick test method with the extracts of either
      individual species or mixtures of related species. Up to 22% patients reacted
      positively, indicating their possible IgE mediated reactions and the allergenic
      potency of the species involved. The potential allergenicity of many of these
      genera and/or species has not been reported previously. The findings suggest that
      basidiospores could be a possible major factor for the high respiratory allergy
      incidence in the Auckland region and necessitate further investigation.

PMID- 3857524
TI  - The use of seat-belts.

PMID- 3857523
TI  - Issues arising from in vitro fertilisation, artificial insemination by donor and
      related problems in biotechnology.

PMID- 3857525
TI  - Occupational health hazard for sports administrators.

PMID- 3857527
TI  - In vitro activity of timentin.

PMID- 3857526
TI  - Flecainide acetate in resistant atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 3857528
TI  - Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty: a cure for snoring.

PMID- 3857529
TI  - Feminine consciousness and the nature of nursing practice: a historical
      perspective.

PMID- 3857530
TI  - Disaster nursing. 3. The Emergency Medical Unit (E.M.U.) and the Forward Medical
      Aid Unit (F.M.A.U.).

PMID- 3857531
TI  - Percutaneous ultrasonic destruction of renal calculi.

PMID- 3857532
TI  - Self defence for women.

PMID- 3857534
TI  - Nursing manpower planning working parties.

PMID- 3857533
TI  - 'Reading the signs'--clues to the development of a relevant nursing service.

PMID- 3857535
TI  - Do hospital employees deserve health promotion programmes?

PMID- 3857536
TI  - Nursing in the middle East. A Jordan experience.

PMID- 3857537
TI  - [The expected number of active dentists in Japan].

PMID- 3857538
TI  - [An experimental study on the effect of premature extraction of primary teeth on
      the eruption of their successors and neighboring permanent teeth].

PMID- 3857539
TI  - [Effect of antibiotics on intracellular bacteria. 1. Phagocytic action of mouse
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes].

PMID- 3857540
TI  - [Effect of antibiotics on intracellular bacteria. 2. Effect of antibiotic
      treatment on Staphylococcus aureus 209P phagocytized by mouse polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes].

PMID- 3857541
TI  - [Lysozyme activity in saliva].

PMID- 3857542
TI  - [Transverse testing under static and dynamic point loading using Ag-In alloys].

PMID- 3857543
TI  - [Effects of antibiotics on cultured muscle and nerve cells].

PMID- 3857544
TI  - [Identification of staphylococci isolated from dentinal caries and infected root
      canals, and their drug susceptibility].

PMID- 3857545
TI  - [Effects of NaF on phenol and indole production in human saliva].

PMID- 3857546
TI  - Economics of Practice Monitor 1983.

PMID- 3857547
TI  - The conservative application of resin labial veneers: a case report.

PMID- 3857548
TI  - Endodontic access cavities. Everything old is new again.

PMID- 3857549
TI  - Synthetic bone grafts. Miracle materials or mighty marketing?

PMID- 3857550
TI  - [Renal tubular acidosis associated with acute myeloid leukemia, diagnosed in a
      case of hypokalemic paralysis].

PMID- 3857551
TI  - [Electrolyte changes in acute leukemia in childhood].
AB  - Electrolyte imbalance in leukemia can be due to either organ infiltration and
      cell death or to a side effect of cytostatic drugs. From the wide variety of
      these disturbances seen in acute leukemias in childhood, the excess of potassium
      is most dangerous. Further electrolyte changes, which are however less evident,
      are hyperphosphataemia, hyperphosphaturia, and hypocalcaemia. The destruction of
      a large amount of cells during aggressive induction therapy can boost the
      electrolyte imbalance and therefore lead to renal failure. Such situations are
      demonstrated in two cases. Following Vincristine and Cyclophosphamide
      administration, electrolyte changes such as acute or prolonged decrease of sodium
      in the serum and urinary loss of sodium are seen frequently. Based on the data
      from 20 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemias we describe the dynamics of
      this process. These changes are probably caused by the syndrome of inadequate ADH
      secretion. The clinical importance of these findings are discussed and procedures
      for improving therapy are set out.

PMID- 3857552
TI  - Dentistry in Grenada following the intervention.

PMID- 3857553
TI  - Dental caries in a Laotian refugee population.

PMID- 3857555
TI  - Two-year clinical evaluation of a proprietary composite resin for the restoration
      of primary posterior teeth.

PMID- 3857554
TI  - [Chromosome 3 abnormalities with dysmegakaryocytopoiesis in in subacute
      transformation in chronic myeloid leukemia].
AB  - A patient with Ph1 positive chronic myeloid leukemia developed accelerated phase
      with cytological abnormalities of platelets and megakaryocytes, and persistence
      of a high platelet count, after the failure of a course of intensive
      chemotherapy. During this phase, the karyotype analysis revealed two different
      Ph1 positive clones: one with a pericentric inversion of chromosome 3, the other
      with the same abnormality and a paracentric inversion of the second chromosome 3.
      Cases of acute leukemia with normal thrombopoiesis and abnormalities of
      chromosome 3, especially paracentric inversion, have already been reported. The
      significance of this association is discussed.

PMID- 3857556
TI  - Effect of light exposure time on the depth of curing in various composite resin
      systems.

PMID- 3857557
TI  - Effect of neonatal laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation on palatal symmetry
      in two- to five-year old children.

PMID- 3857558
TI  - Effect of trauma to the primary incisors on permanent successors in different
      developmental stages.

PMID- 3857559
TI  - Comparison of chloral hydrate with and without promethazine in the sedation of
      young children.

PMID- 3857560
TI  - Dental radiographic diagnostic resolution with minimal exposure.

PMID- 3857561
TI  - Delayed eruption of maxillary permanent first and second molars due to an
      ectopically positioned maxillary third molar.

PMID- 3857562
TI  - Ewing's tumor of the jaws.

PMID- 3857563
TI  - Prevalence of dental caries in Indiana school children: results of 1982 survey.

PMID- 3857564
TI  - Effects of hyperprolactinemia on the accessory sexual organs of the male rat.
AB  - The growth-promoting effect of prolactin on the ventral prostate lobe, the
      anterior prostate lobe (or coagulating gland), and seminal vesicles has been
      studied before, during and after puberty in rats up to 5 months of age.
      Pituitaries from female rats were grafted under the renal capsule of 23-26-day
      old male rats. Within 1/2 month substantial (five- to ten-fold)
      hyperprolactinemia occurred followed by a gradual decline; levels were still high
      4 months after grafting. A statistically significant increase in the weight of
      the seminal vesicles and the ventral and anterior prostate lobes was observed 1
      month after implantation. This effect was only maintained for the seminal
      vesicles during the next 3 months. Hyperprolactinemia did not influence
      testosterone metabolism. In the ventral prostate lobe, 1 month after grafting,
      the nuclear androgen receptor content increased, whereas the cytosolic androgen
      receptor content decreased. These results suggest that the growth-promoting
      effect of prolactin, on the ventral prostate lobe of the rat, is brought about by
      an increased translocation of the androgen receptor.

PMID- 3857565
TI  - Useful new anti-cancer agent.

PMID- 3857566
TI  - [Possibilities for the preparation of topograms of the face using the Moire strip
      method].

PMID- 3857567
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of denture stomatitis].

PMID- 3857568
TI  - [Use of paraformaldehyde gel for maintaining the sterility of preparatory and
      root instruments].

PMID- 3857569
TI  - [Examination of the temporomandibular joint with an orthopantomographic x-ray
      machine].

PMID- 3857570
TI  - [Psychoanalytic treatment of a 10-year-old boy with Gilles de la Tourette
      syndrome].

PMID- 3857571
TI  - Meet the average general dental practitioner.

PMID- 3857573
TI  - Interstitial foam cells in the nephrotic syndrome belong to the
      monocyte/macrophage lineage.
AB  - Interstitial foam cells are occasionally seen in patients with the nephrotic
      syndrome. In a group of patients with the nephrotic syndrome we were able to
      demonstrate that these cells express markers characteristic of the
      monocyte/macrophage lineage. Their presence was related to the previous duration
      of proteinuria, but they had no apparent influence on the subsequent evolution of
      renal function. The mechanisms leading to their presence are unknown.

PMID- 3857572
TI  - [Estrogen and progesterone receptors in the decidual tissue of women administered
      prostaglandins and experiencing spontaneous abortion].
AB  - A study was made of the content of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and
      PR, respectively) in the cytosol and nuclei of the decidual tissue of women in
      induced and spontaneous abortion at 7-12 week pregnancy. Abortion was done
      surgically (control group) and in preliminary cervical dilatation with the help
      of intravaginal suppositories with a synthetic prostaglandin analog of E1-16.16
      dimethyltrans-delta 2-PGE1 (ONO-802) group or laminaria. The level of ER in the
      cytosol and nuclei of the decidual tissue of the control group was twice as low
      as that of PR, and the ER/PR ratio in cell fractions as well as in general cell
      receptors was 0.58 +/- 0.09, 0.42 +/- 0.07 and 0.56 +/- 0.07, respectively. The
      suppositories with ONO-802 caused a statistically significant decrease in the PR
      content in each of the cell fractions and cytoplasmic ER resulting in an increase
      in the ER/PR ratio to 0.87 +/- 0.06 (P less than 0.05) in the cytosol, 0.09 +/-
      0.24 (P less than 0.05) in the nuclei, and 0.86 +/- 0.8 (P less than 0.05) in the
      total cell. A decrease in the PR level in both cell fractions and the ER level in
      the fraction of the nuclei with an acute increase in the content of cytoplasmic
      ER was marked in spontaneous abortion. The ER/PR ratio also rose to ER and was
      1.98 +/- +/- 0.2 (P less than 0.001) in the cytosol and 1.02 +/- 0.16 (P less
      than 0.05) in the total cell. It was concluded that an absolute and/or relative
      decrease in the PR level plays an important role in mechanism of abortion.

PMID- 3857574
TI  - Solution of the embedding problem and decomposition of symmetric matrices.
AB  - A solution of the problem of calculating cartesian coordinates from a matrix of
      interpoint distances (the embedding problem) is reported. An efficient and
      numerically stable algorithm for the transformation of distances to coordinates
      is then obtained. It is shown that the embedding problem is intimately related to
      the theory of symmetric matrices, since every symmetric matrix is related to a
      general distance matrix by a one-to-one transformation. Embedding of a distance
      matrix yields a decomposition of the associated symmetric matrix in the form of a
      sum over outer products of a linear independent system of coordinate vectors. It
      is shown that such a decomposition exists for every symmetric matrix and that it
      is numerically stable. From this decomposition, the rank and the numbers of
      positive, negative, and zero eigenvalues of the symmetric matrix are obtained
      directly.

PMID- 3857575
TI  - Cell-cycle dependence and properties of the HeLa cell DNA polymerase system.
AB  - Analysis of the properties of the DNA polymerase (pol) system as a function of
      fundamental factors of the assay environment allowed a rather accurate estimation
      of its dependence on the HeLa cell cycle. For pol alpha, the temperature and pH
      optima were 38.1 degrees C and 8.0, respectively; for pol beta, these optima were
      36.2 degrees C and pH 7.4. Pol gamma showed a pH optimum at 7.7. Optimum activity
      for both the alpha and beta enzymes was observed at 60 mM Tris. The maximal
      activity at 36.2 degrees C and pH 7.4 was associated with resistance to N
      ethylmaleimide (MalNEt), whereas that at 38.1 degrees C and pH 8.0 was sensitive
      to MalNEt. Incorporation of [3H]dTTP was maximal after 1 hr of incubation for the
      former activity and after 4 hr, for the latter. In extracts from cells in early S
      phase, the pol activity decreased after 1 hr of incubation, was MalNEt-resistant,
      and was characterized by temperature and pH optima at 36.2 degrees C and 7.4,
      respectively. In extracts of late S-phase cells, the pol-catalyzed incorporation
      of [3H]dTTP continued after 4 hr of incubation, was MalNEt-sensitive, and was
      characterized by temperature and pH optima at 38.1 degrees C and 8.0,
      respectively. Thus, a pol beta-type activity appeared in early S phase, whereas a
      pol alpha-type activity appeared in late S. During the G1, M, and G2 phases, a
      background level of pol activity was observed that showed intermediate kinetic
      properties.

PMID- 3857576
TI  - Alternative view of enzyme reactions.
AB  - Since adsorption of the substrate in the active site of an enzyme can occur only
      if all solvent is squeezed out from between them, any reaction between them takes
      place in the absence of any intervening solvent--i.e., as it would in the gas
      phase. Recent work has shown that ionic reactions in the gas phase often differ
      greatly from analogous processes in solution. Therefore, current interpretations
      of enzyme reactions in terms of solution chemistry are misguided. The large rates
      and specificity of enzyme reactions may be due simply to elimination of the
      solvent. The cleavage of peptides by chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase A can be
      interpreted satisfactorily in this way.

PMID- 3857577
TI  - Adenovirus EIIA early promoter: transcriptional control elements and induction by
      the viral pre-early EIA gene, which appears to be sequence independent.
AB  - A molecular dissection of the adenovirus EIIA early (E) promoter was undertaken
      to study the sequence elements required for transcription and to examine the
      nucleotide sequences, if any, specific for its trans-activation by the viral pre
      early EIA gene product. A chimeric gene in which the EIIA-E promoter region fused
      to the coding sequences of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT)
      gene was used in transient assays to identify the transcriptional control
      regions. Deletion mapping studies revealed that the upstream DNA sequences up to 
      86 were sufficient for the optimal basal level transcription in HeLa cells and
      also for the EIA-induced transcription. A series of linker-scanning (LS) mutants
      were constructed to precisely identify the nucleotide sequences that control
      transcription. Analysis of these LS mutants allowed us to identify two regions of
      the promoter that are critical for the EIIA-E transcription. These regions are
      located between -29 and -21 (region I) and between -82 and -66 (region II).
      Mutations in region I affected initiation and appeared functionally similar to
      the "TATA" sequence of the commonly studied promoters. To examine whether or not
      the EIIA-E promoter contained DNA sequences specific for the trans-activation by
      the EIA, the LS mutants were analyzed in a cotransfection assay containing a
      plasmid carrying the EIA gene. CAT activity of all of the LS mutants was induced
      by the EIA gene in this assay, suggesting that the induction of transcription of
      the EIIA-E promoter by the EIA gene is not sequence-specific.

PMID- 3857578
TI  - Molecular cloning, cDNA sequencing, and chemical synthesis of cecropin B from
      Hyalophora cecropia.
AB  - Two cDNA clones containing coding information for cecropin B from the Cecropia
      moth (Hyalophora cecropia) were identified by means of a synthetic probe.
      Sequencing of the two inserts showed that cecropin B is processed from a 62-amino
      acid residue precursor molecule including a 26-residue leader peptide and a COOH
      terminal glycine residue. The latter presumably donates the nitrogen of the amide
      group present on the COOH-terminal leucine residue of the mature cecropin B. The
      sequence deduced for the mature cecropin B differed in the COOH-terminal region
      from the tentative structure previously determined by carboxypeptidase digestion.
      To settle the discrepancy, cecropin B was synthesized according to the cDNA
      sequence with an amidated COOH-terminal leucine. Natural and synthetic cecropin B
      were found to be indistinguishable with respect to electrophoretic mobility and
      antibacterial activity against seven different bacteria. The COOH-terminal
      tetrapeptides were isolated from both natural and synthetic cecropin B and found
      to be indistinguishable. The correct sequence for cecropin B is (formula; see
      text).

PMID- 3857579
TI  - Purification and characterization of two cartilage-inducing factors from bovine
      demineralized bone.
AB  - Two naturally occurring peptides that induce chondrogenesis in culture have been
      purified to apparent homogeneity. These cartilage-inducing factors (CIF-A and CIF
      B) were isolated from bovine demineralized bone by dissociative extraction, gel
      filtration, cation-exchange chromatography, and reversed-phase HPLC. CIF-A and
      CIF-B at concentrations of 1-10 ng/ml each induce embryonic rat mesenchymal cells
      in culture to assume a cartilage morphology and synthesize cartilage-specific
      proteoglycan and type II collagen. The amino acid compositions of CIF-A and CIF-B
      are similar but not identical. Both factors have an apparent Mr of 26,000, as
      determined by NaDodSO4/PAGE. In the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, both are
      converted to species of about one-half that Mr, indicating that they are dimers
      of identical or very similar chains.

PMID- 3857580
TI  - A method for mapping intranuclear protein-DNA interactions and its application to
      a nuclease hypersensitive site.
AB  - We have devised a method for mapping sites on DNA within the nucleus that are
      protected against nuclease attack by interaction with bound protein or other
      factors. This "footprinting" method uses an end-labeled sequence-specific DNA
      probe, which is annealed to the DNA from nuclear digests under carefully
      controlled conditions. The annealed complexes are treated with single-strand
      specific nuclease, the resulting duplex molecules are electrophoresed on gels,
      and the gels are autoradiographed. The high sensitivity and resolution of the
      method have made it possible to obtain a detailed map of DNase I cutting patterns
      in the 5' flanking sequence of the chicken adult beta (beta A)-globin gene within
      nuclei from various tissues. In nuclei from adult erythrocytes, this domain is
      hypersensitive to nucleases. However, we detect within the domain two well
      defined regions that are protected against attack, indicating the presence of one
      or more bound factors. Nuclei from oviduct or 5-day-old embryonic erythrocytes,
      in which the domain is not hypersensitive, show limited and different patterns of
      protection.

PMID- 3857581
TI  - Two tissue-specific isozymes of creatine kinase have closely matched amino acid
      sequences.
AB  - Creatine kinase activity is associated with different isozyme species. We have
      examined two of these: the cytoplasmic brain (B) isozyme that is expressed in
      many tissues and is reported to be induced by estrogen and the developmentally
      regulated cytoplasmic muscle (M) isozyme that is found predominantly in
      differentiated muscle tissue. Recently, we cloned and sequenced the cDNA for the
      M isoenzyme of rabbit creatine kinase. We now report the isolation of B-isozyme
      cDNAs and the deduced primary structure of the polypeptide. The translated cDNA
      nucleotide sequence was cross-checked by fast-atom bombardment/mass spectrometry
      of tryptic fragments from the protein. The sequence is exactly colinear with the
      rabbit M isozyme and the two isozymes have 80% nucleotide and amino acid sequence
      identity. There are blocks of 36 and 41 amino acids where the amino acid sequence
      is conserved exactly. The colinearity of the two sequences and the extent of
      their identity makes it unlikely that either isozyme has unique polypeptide
      domains that account for specialized functions. The rationale for the existence
      of these creatine kinase isozymes, with distinct biological features, evidently
      is at the level of regulation of individual isozyme expression.

PMID- 3857582
TI  - Differential efficiencies of in vitro translation of mouse c-myc transcripts
      differing in the 5' untranslated region.
AB  - We have studied the in vitro translational efficiencies of two murine c-myc
      transcripts synthesized in vitro that differ in the lengths of their 5' noncoding
      regions (448 and 83 nucleotides) and also in their 3' noncoding regions. When
      translated in a reticulocyte translation system, the shorter transcript was
      translated 10-fold more efficiently. These results are consistent with the
      hypothesis of Saito et al. [Saito, H., Hayday, A. C., Wiman, K., Hayward, W. S. &
      Tonegawa, S. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 7476-7480] that translation of
      full-length human c-myc mRNA is normally repressed, whereas in several Burkitt
      lymphomas that have deletions of the mRNA 5' noncoding region (resulting from
      translocation of the c-myc gene), translation of the c-myc mRNA is more
      efficient. Our results suggest that activation of murine c-myc expression by
      production of a more efficient mRNA might in some cases play a role in neoplastic
      transformation.

PMID- 3857583
TI  - Multiply drug-resistant human KB carcinoma cells have decreased amounts of a 75
      kDa and a 72-kDa glycoprotein.
AB  - Human KB carcinoma cells were selected in sequential steps for resistance to
      colchicine and found to be cross-resistant to multiple drugs, including
      vinblastine, adriamycin, and actinomycin D. Compared with the parental line, the
      multiply resistant cells have decreased amounts of two [35S]methionine-labeled
      proteins with apparent molecular masses of 75 and 72 kDa. These proteins reappear
      in a revertant, drug-sensitive cell line. Both proteins are labeled with
      [14C]glucosamine and are retained on a wheat germ agglutinin-agarose column,
      indicating that they are glycoproteins. These data suggest that in this human
      cell line, these two glycoproteins can serve as a marker of the multiple drug
      resistance phenotype and may play a role in its etiology.

PMID- 3857584
TI  - Lens-specific expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene promoted
      by 5' flanking sequences of the murine alpha A-crystallin gene in explanted
      chicken lens epithelia.
AB  - We have developed a system using explanted embryonic chicken lens epithelia to
      express foreign recombinant genes containing crystallin DNA regulatory sequences
      introduced by calcium phosphate transfection. Optimal results were obtained with
      lens epithelia from 14-day embryos transfected 1 day after explantation and
      assayed 3 days later. When DNA sequences (-364 to +45) of the murine alpha A
      crystallin gene were inserted in the pSVO-CAT expression vector of Gorman et al.
      [Gorman, C. M., Moffat, L. F. & Howard, B. H. (1982) Mol. Cell. Biol. 2, 1044
      1051] in the same orientation as in the crystallin gene, they promoted
      chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT; EC 2.3.1.28) activity in the transfected
      epithelia. Sequences 87 to 364 base pairs upstream from the murine gene cap site
      were required for CAT gene expression. These crystallin gene regulatory sequences
      did not promote CAT expression in primary cultures of embryonic chicken
      fibroblasts or other nonlens cells. By contrast, the long terminal repeat of Rous
      sarcoma virus and the early promoter of simian virus 40 promoted CAT activity in
      lens and nonlens cells. Our experiments thus demonstrate that the explanted
      embryonic chicken lens epithelium is an advantageous recipient for identifying
      lens-cell-specific regulatory sequences of crystallin genes and implicate a DNA
      region upstream of the "TATA box" for regulation of the murine alpha A-crystallin
      gene. These experiments also suggest that explanted epithelia from other tissues
      may be useful for studying the expression of foreign genes.

PMID- 3857585
TI  - Nature of the charged-group effect on the stability of the C-peptide helix.
AB  - The residues responsible for the pH-dependent stability of the helix formed by
      the isolated C-peptide (residues 1-13 of ribonuclease A) have been identified by
      chemical synthesis of analogues and measurement of their helix-forming
      properties. Each of the residues ionizing between pH 2 and pH 8 has been replaced
      separately by an uncharged residue. Protonation of Glu-2- is responsible for the
      sharp decrease in helix stability between pH 5 and pH 2, and deprotonation of His
      12+ causes a similar decrease between pH 5 and pH 8. Glu-9- is not needed for
      helix stability. The results cannot be explained by the Zimm-Bragg model and host
      guest data for alpha-helix formation, which predict that the stability of the C
      peptide helix should increase when Glu-2- is protonated or when His-12+ is
      deprotonated. Moreover, histidine+ is a strong helix-breaker in host-guest
      studies. In proteins, acidic and basic residues tend to occur at opposite ends of
      alpha-helices: acidic residues occur preferentially near the NH2-terminal end and
      basic residues near the COOH-terminal end. A possible explanation, based on a
      helix dipole model, has been given [Blagdon, D. E. & Goodman, M. (1975)
      Biopolymers 14, 241-245]. Our results are consistent with the helix dipole model
      and they support the suggestion that the distribution of charged residues in
      protein helices reflects the helix-stabilizing propensity of those residues.
      Because Glu-9 is not needed for helix stability, a possible Glu-9-...His-12+ salt
      bridge does not contribute significantly to helix stability. The role of a
      possible Glu-2-...Arg-10+ salt bridge has not yet been evaluated. A charged-group
      effect on alpha-helix stability in water has also been observed in a different
      peptide system [Ihara, S., Ooi, T. & Takahashi, S. (1982) Biopolymers 21, 131
      145]: block copolymers containing (Ala)20 and (Glu)20 show partial helix
      formation at low temperatures, pH 7.5, where the glutamic acid residues are
      ionized. (Glu)20(Ala)20Phe forms a helix that is markedly more stable than
      (Ala)20(Glu)20Phe. The results are consistent with a helix dipole model.

PMID- 3857586
TI  - Renaturation of skeletal muscle tropomyosin: implications for in vivo assembly.
AB  - The observation that the alpha beta heterodimer is the predominant species of
      tropomyosin in rabbit skeletal muscles has led to the suggestion that this
      species assembles preferentially. To understand the molecular basis of this
      assembly process, we have studied renaturation under conditions that favor
      heterodimer formation. When skeletal muscle tropomyosin composed of equal amounts
      of alpha and beta subunits is renatured either by cooling or by dialysis a
      distribution that favors homodimers is generated. In contrast, rapid renaturation
      by dilution from urea favors the heterodimer. Further analysis of this latter
      renaturation procedure with cysteine-cleavage fragments of tropomyosin using
      circular dichroic measurements shows that as few as 30 residues in the NH2
      terminal third of each tropomyosin subunit are involved in the initial
      interaction that results in heterodimer formation. Based on the density of
      sequence substitutions between the alpha and beta subunits, that region probably
      includes residues 36-64.

PMID- 3857587
TI  - Model of cortical organization embodying a basis for a theory of information
      processing and memory recall.
AB  - Motivated by V. B. Mountcastle's organizational principle for neocortical
      function, and by M. E. Fisher's model of physical spin systems, we introduce a
      cooperative model of the cortical column incorporating an idealized substructure,
      the trion, which represents a localized group of neurons. Computer studies reveal
      that typical networks composed of a small number of trions (with symmetric
      interactions) exhibit striking behavior--e.g., hundreds to thousands of
      quasistable, periodic firing patterns, any of which can be selected out and
      enhanced with only small changes in interaction strengths by using a Hebb-type
      algorithm.

PMID- 3857589
TI  - Transformation of human cells by DNAs ineffective in transformation of NIH 3T3
      cells.
AB  - Neonatal human foreskin fibroblasts can be transformed to anchorage-independent
      growth by transfection with DNAs inefficient in transforming NIH 3T3 cells. Human
      cells transfected with DNA from GM 1312, a multiple myeloma cell line, or MOLT-4,
      a permanent lymphoblast line, grow without anchorage at a much higher frequency
      than do the parental cells and their DNAs can transform human cell recipients to
      anchorage-independent growth; they have extended but not indefinite life spans
      and are nontumorigenic. Human fibroblasts are also transformed by DNAs from two
      multiple myeloma lines that also transform 3T3 cells; however, restriction
      analysis suggests that different transforming genes in this DNA are acting in the
      human and murine systems. These results indicate that the human cell transfection
      system allows detection of transforming genes not effective in the 3T3 system and
      points out the possibility of detection of additional transforming sequences even
      in DNAs that do transform murine cells.

PMID- 3857588
TI  - Induction of transformation and continuous cell lines from normal human mammary
      epithelial cells after exposure to benzo[a]pyrene.
AB  - Rapidly growing primary cultures of normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC)
      were exposed to 1 microgram of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) per ml for two or three 24
      hr periods. The B[a]P-treated populations consistently contained cells displaying
      a longer period of active growth in culture compared to the untreated control
      cells. Widespread heterogeneity in morphology and growth patterns was evidenced
      in these "extended life" (EL) cultures, with multiple sequential changes in these
      parameters occurring during the course of their life in culture. Two apparently
      immortal continuous cell lines have thus far emerged from these EL cultures.
      These lines have been characterized to be of human mammary epithelial origin and
      derived from the originally treated HMEC specimen. The continuous lines do not
      appear to be malignantly transformed as they do not cause tumor formation in nude
      mice and show little or no anchorage-independent growth. Nonetheless, they have
      acquired several properties characteristic of tumor-derived HMEC, which
      distinguish them from their normal progenitors. These cell lines, as well as the
      EL strains, may provide useful substrates for studies to determine what agents
      can induce further transforming events. Additionally, analysis of the multiple
      steps occurring in the El cultures, as well as in the emergence of the continuous
      cell lines, could potentially elucidate the processes occurring during human
      epithelial cell carcinogenesis and escape from senescence.

PMID- 3857590
TI  - Synthesis and secretion of proteins resembling platelet-derived growth factor by
      human glioblastoma and fibrosarcoma cells in culture.
AB  - Immunoprecipitation of proteins extracted from metabolically labeled human
      glioblastoma and fibrosarcoma cells with antiserum to platelet-derived growth
      factor (PDGF) showed that these cells express and secrete proteins that are
      recognized specifically by the antiserum. The molecular masses of
      immunoprecipitated proteins in the lysates of the malignant cells ranged from 16
      kDa to 140 kDa. Both cell lines secreted a 31-kDa polypeptide with structural,
      immunological, and biological properties similar to those of human PDGF. These
      cell lines were shown to synthesize a 4.4-kb mRNA that contained sequences from
      all the six currently identified exons of the human c-sis gene. These data
      suggest that the PDGF-like proteins in the two mesenchyme-derived transformed
      cells are encoded at least in part by the c-sis locus.

PMID- 3857591
TI  - Photoreactivation of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers and erythema in the marsupial
      Monodelphis domestica.
AB  - Post-UV treatment of the gray, short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica with
      photoreactivating light (320-400 nm) suppressed the appearance of UV-induced
      erythema as evidenced by an increase in the dose of UV required to elicit an
      erythemal response. The average erythema dose for animals held in the dark
      following UV exposure was 620 +/- 40 J/m2, whereas 2460 +/- 110 J/m2 were
      required for erythema induction with animals exposed to 90 min of
      photoreactivating light post-UV. Pre-UV exposure to photoreactivating light had
      no effect on the UV induction of erythema. The dose-response for the
      photoreversal of pyrimidine dimers in epidermal DNA of M. domestica was similar
      to that for the photoreactivation of erythema induction. These data not only
      support the notion that DNA is the primary chromophore involved in the induction
      of erythema but also identify pyrimidine dimers as the major DNA change
      responsible for its induction. These results also identify M. domestica as a
      useful whole-animal system with which to determine the role of pyrimidine dimers
      in other photobiological responses of mammalian skin.

PMID- 3857592
TI  - Interferon stimulates cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine synthesis but inhibits
      cholesterol ester synthesis in HeLa-S3 cells.
AB  - Treatment of human HeLa-S3 cells (an epidermoid carcinoma line) with human beta
      interferon (640 units/ml) selectively alters lipid metabolism by increasing
      cholesterol synthesis per mg of cell protein as measured by 1-hr pulse-labeling
      of cells with [3H]acetate. Cholesterol synthesis in interferon-treated cells is
      increased approximately equal to 60% at 24 hr after the beginning of treatment
      and approximately equal to 450% at 48 hr. Continuous labeling of interferon
      treated cells with [14C]acetate shows increased accumulation of label in
      cholesterol when normalized per mg of cell protein, as well as an increase in the
      specific activity of cholesterol in the treated cells. In contrast, interferon
      treatment decreases the accumulation of [14C]acetate into cholesterol esters. The
      [14C]acetate labeling of sphingomyelin, phosphatidylethanolamine, and
      triglycerides shows no change compared to untreated controls. The labeling of
      phosphatidylcholine was moderately increased in treated cells. The interferon
      induced changes in lipid metabolism are a part of a coordinated response of cells
      to interferon treatment, characterized by reduced cell proliferation and cell
      motility and an increase in cell size and mass. The increased cholesterol
      synthesis is consistent with a model in which beta-interferon treatment of HeLa
      cells inhibits the endocytosis of cholesterol-containing low density lipoprotein,
      which results in an increase in cholesterol synthesis.

PMID- 3857593
TI  - Isolation of embryonal carcinoma cell lines that express integrated recombinant
      genes flanked by the Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat.
AB  - We have used a producer NIH 3T3 cell line that secretes, together with the helper
      Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV), a transducing recombinant virus
      containing the neomycin-resistance gene linked to the Mo-MuLV long terminal
      repeat (LTR). By infecting three embryonal carcinoma cell lines, PCC4.aza1R, F9tk
      , and Nulli-SCC1, with this recombinant virus, we have isolated many transductant
      clones that stably express the integrated neomycin-resistance gene. These clonal
      transductant lines consist of undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cells as
      judged by morphology, tumorigenicity in 129/Sv mice, and cell-surface antigenic
      markers. Analysis of the integrated recombinant viral genes by Southern blot
      hybridization revealed that some of the lines have single copies, whereas others
      have multiple copies, probably in multiple sites. Although these transductant
      lines contained many copies of helper Mo-MuLV integrated in the cellular genome,
      expression of these helper viruses was not detected either by reverse
      transcriptase activity or by X-C plaque assay. Two F9tk--derived, G418-resistant
      transductant lines were superinfected with a second recombinant transducing virus
      that contains the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene flanked by the Mo
      MuLV LTR. The frequency of transduction to yield clones able to grow in
      hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine medium was similar to that of the parental
      F9tk- cells. These results suggest that the expression of the neomycin-resistance
      gene, linked to MoMuLV LTR in the transductant embryonal carcinoma cell clones,
      is due to a cisacting mechanism(s).

PMID- 3857594
TI  - A lethal deletion on mouse chromosome 7 affects regulation of liver-cell-specific
      functions: posttranscriptional control of serum protein and transcriptional
      control of aldolase B synthesis.
AB  - Steady-state levels of mRNAs were determined for the serum proteins albumin,
      alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and transferrin, as well as for aldolase B in livers of
      newborn mice homozygous for a radiation-induced lethal deletion (c14CoS) in
      chromosome 7. Deficiencies in synthesis and secretion of the serum proteins as
      well as in activities of certain liver-specific enzymes characterize these
      homozygotes. The results of RNA dot and gel-blot hybridizations with the
      respective cloned cDNA probes showed a decrease to one-fourth of aldolase B mRNA
      levels in homozygous mutant livers compared to normal littermates, in contrast to
      normal levels of mRNA sequences for the three serum proteins in the mutants.
      Furthermore, the mRNA sequences were shown to be present as mature mRNA molecules
      in both mutant and normal littermate livers. We suggest that the deficiencies of
      liver-specific serum proteins and those of the enzymes caused by the lethal
      deletions around the albino locus on chromosome 7 of the mouse are due to
      different causes. In the case of the liver-specific enzyme examined here--i.e.,
      aldolase B--control at the level of transcription or of message stability is
      affected in the homozygous deletion mutants, whereas the deficiencies of serum
      proteins are not reflected on the mRNA level and owe their origin to an effect on
      a posttranscriptional or translational level. These results lend further support
      to the assumption that the deleted portion of the genome includes genes concerned
      with the control and regulation of liver cell differentiation.

PMID- 3857596
TI  - Behavioral method for the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis.
AB  - Idiopathic scoliosis was treated by an automated portable posture-training device
      that incorporated precise behavioral principles and enabled therapeutic training
      to be given in the patients' normal environment throughout the entire day. Twenty
      one patient-years of training were completed with a group of 12 adolescent girls
      selected as being imminently likely to require a brace because of the way their
      spinal curves had been progressing. As an alternative to conventional brace
      therapy, patients found the posture-training device considerably less physically
      restraining and more cosmetically acceptable. Most patients wore it 23 hr per day
      for at least 1 year and adapted well to the constant physical and psychological
      presence of the instrument. For 10 patients, the outcome was entirely successful;
      they were discharged from this pilot study as satisfactorily corrected.
      Progression of the scoliotic curve was arrested; in fact, there was an average
      slight improvement in the Cobb angle (a measure of spinal curvature) as measured
      by x-ray radiography.

PMID- 3857595
TI  - Regulation of cellular function by products of lysosomal enzyme activity:
      elimination of human natural killer cells by a dipeptide methyl ester generated
      from L-leucine methyl ester by monocytes or polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - L-Leucine methyl ester (Leu-OMe) is a lysosomotropic compound that irreversibly
      removes natural killer cell (NK) function from human peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells. This effect was dependent on the presence of mononuclear phagocytes (M
      phi) or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and was prevented by lysosomal
      inhibitors such as chloroquine or NH4Cl. When M phi or PMN were incubated with
      Leu-OMe, a product was formed that eliminated all NK function from mixed
      lymphocyte populations. This effect did not require the presence of M phi or PMN
      and was not prevented by lysosomal enzyme inhibitors. Thin-layer chromatography
      and mass spectral analysis revealed that this NK-toxic product was L-leucyl-L
      leucine methyl ester (Leu-Leu-OMe). When human lymphocytes were exposed to
      greater than 50 microM Leu-Leu-OMe for 15 min, all NK function was irreversibly
      eliminated. Other dipeptide methyl esters containing nonpolar L amino acids
      caused similar effects, but substitution with amino acids containing polar or
      charged side chains or with D stereoisomers produced compounds that had no toxic
      effect on NK. These findings indicate that M phi and PMN can regulate NK function
      by releasing the dipeptide condensation product Leu-Leu-OMe generated from Leu
      OMe via a lysosomally mediated mechanism. The data show that specific products of
      lysosomal enzyme activity may have potent effects on the function of adjacent
      cells.

PMID- 3857597
TI  - Capillary number and percentage closed in human diabetic sural nerve.
AB  - The number of capillaries per mm2, minimum intercapillary distance, number of
      endothelial nuclei per capillary section, and percentage of capillaries closed
      were evaluated in transverse sections of fascicles of 45 control and 36 diabetic
      sural nerves. All controls and patients were prospectively studied to ascertain
      their diabetic and neuropathic status. An index of pathology was introduced and
      it was found to provide a sensitive and reliable measurement of the presence and
      severity of neuropathy. The number of capillaries and minimum intercapillary
      distance of diabetic nerves were not significantly different from those of
      controls (P greater than 0.05). Diabetic nerves exhibited a small but
      statistically significant increase in the number of endothelial nuclei per
      capillary that was positively correlated with the severity of neuropathy. The
      most striking abnormality was the statistically significant increase in the
      percentage of capillaries closed in patients with neuropathy as compared to those
      without neuropathy and controls. Among diabetics, this percentage increased with
      the severity of neuropathy (P = 0.008). The two capillary abnormalities that have
      been demonstrated may play a role in the development of diabetic polyneuropathy.

PMID- 3857598
TI  - Identification and characterization of the human type II collagen gene (COL2A1).
AB  - The gene contained in the human cosmid clone CosHcol1, previously designated an
      alpha 1(I) collagen-like gene, has now been identified. CosHcol1 hybridizes
      strongly to a single 5.9-kilobase mRNA species present only in tissue in which
      type II collagen is expressed. DNA sequence analysis shows that this clone is
      highly homologous to the chicken alpha 1(II) collagen gene. These data together
      suggest that CosHcol1 contains the human alpha 1(II) collagen gene COL2A1. The
      clone appears to contain the whole gene (30 kilobases in length) and will be
      extremely useful in the study of cartilage development and for identifying those
      inherited chondrodystrophies in which defects occur in this gene.

PMID- 3857599
TI  - Effect of regional DNA methylation on gene expression.
AB  - The effect of DNA methylation on the transcriptional activity of the hamster
      adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprt) and the herpes thymidine kinase (tk)
      genes has been investigated. By using M13 constructs containing these gene
      sequences, specific segments of each gene were methylated in vitro by restriction
      fragment primer-directed second-strand synthesis using the substrate 2'-deoxy-5
      methyl-cytidine triphosphate (dmCTP). These hybrid-methylated molecules were
      inserted into mouse Ltk- cells by DNA-mediated cotransfer. In all cases, the
      integrated sequences retained the in vitro-directed methylation pattern. The aprt
      gene was inhibited by CpG methylation in the 5' region but was unaffected by
      methylation at the 3' end or in adjacent M13 sequences. In contrast to this, DNA
      methylation in both the 5' promoter region and the 3' structural region of the tk
      gene had a strong inhibitory effect. This suggests that this modification may
      affect transcription by mechanisms that do not involve the direct alteration of
      recognition sequences for RNA polymerase.

PMID- 3857600
TI  - Replication initiator protein of plasmid R6K autoregulates its own synthesis at
      the transcriptional step.
AB  - The replication initiator protein of plasmid R6K preferentially repressed
      transcription initiated in vitro from the promoter of the initiator protein
      cistron. DNase I protection experiments revealed that the sequences in the region
      of the promoter recognized by the initiator protein partially overlapped the
      sequences of the same promoter recognized by RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli.
      Competitive DNase I protection experiments revealed that the initiator not only
      prevented the RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter sequence but also
      displaced RNA polymerase from preformed enzyme-promoter binary complexes. Thus,
      the initiator protein acts as a transcriptional repressor of its own cistron by
      either preventing RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter or by displacing
      RNA polymerase from promoter-enzyme complexes.

PMID- 3857601
TI  - P1 plasmid replication: multiple functions of RepA protein at the origin.
AB  - Replication functions of a bacteriophage P1 miniplasmid are carried on a 1.2
      kilobase pair (kb) segment that can be subdivided into a 245-base pair (bp)
      replication origin and a 959-bp region that encodes a protein required for
      replication (RepA). The origin region contains five 19-bp direct repeats. By
      using primer extension and gene-fusion assays, we mapped the promoter of the repA
      gene within the repeated sequences and showed that the promoter is repressed by
      RepA. Regulation of RepA synthesis is apparently achieved by the binding of RepA
      to the repeat sequences. This regulation might be a key step in the replication
      control circuit, as we found that overproduction of RepA (from a foreign
      promoter) inhibits replication. Thus, in addition to being an autoregulated
      activator of replication, the protein also can have a negative regulatory role.

PMID- 3857602
TI  - Type IX collagen from sternal cartilage of chicken embryo contains covalently
      bound glycosaminoglycans.
AB  - Type IX collagen was isolated as a native protein from chicken embryo sternal
      cartilages and purified to homogeneity. Chondroitin and/or dermatan sulfate were
      bound covalently to one of the three polypeptide chains present in this protein
      containing collagenous and noncollagenous domains. Type IX collagen could be
      metabolically labeled with both radioactive sulfate and glycine. The protein
      containing either of these labels was sensitive to digestion by bacterial
      collagenase as well as chondroitinase ABC. Besides the glycosaminoglycans, type
      IX collagen contains asparagine-linked carbohydrate chains because the protein
      could be labeled with radioactive mannose and no glycosaminoglycans other than
      those mentioned above were present. The melting curve indicated that, in contrast
      to interstitial collagens, this molecule contains at least two disulfide-bonded
      collagenous domains with distinct thermal stabilities.

PMID- 3857603
TI  - Antifreeze protein genes are tandemly linked and clustered in the genome of the
      winter flounder.
AB  - We have used genomic Southern blots and restriction maps of genomic clones to
      examine the organization of the antifreeze protein multigene family in the winter
      flounder. The majority of the approximately equal to 40 antifreeze protein (AFP)
      genes in this fish are present in 7- to 8-kilobase-pair (kbp) elements of DNA,
      which are iterated as tandem direct repeats. Each repeat contains a single
      antifreeze protein gene that is 1 kbp long, and all of these genes have the same
      transcriptional orientation. Although the repeated elements are highly
      homologous, they do show some restriction site and restriction length
      polymorphisms. When flounder genomic DNA is digested with restriction
      endonucleases that do not cut within the repeats, most of the antifreeze protein
      genes reside in fragments that are at least 40 kbp long, representing clusters of
      five or more repeats in tandem. After genomic DNA is digested with Xba I or Xho
      I, these genes are present in fragments of exceptionally high molecular weight,
      suggesting that the clusters themselves are grouped together in the genome. The
      AFP gene locus may have evolved by gene amplification as recently as 10(6) years
      ago in response to the onset of the Cenozoic ice age.

PMID- 3857604
TI  - Isolation of stable preinitiation, initiation, and elongation complexes from RNA
      polymerase II-directed transcription.
AB  - Distinct RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation, initiation, and
      elongation complexes can be formed in vitro on cloned adenovirus 2 DNA sequences
      containing the major late promoter. These transcription complexes are stable and
      can be rapidly isolated by gel filtration of HeLa whole cell extracts. In the
      absence of exogenous nucleotides and under appropriate salt conditions, a stable
      but transcriptionally incomplete preinitiation complex is formed. When this
      complex is incubated in the presence of adenosine or deoxyadenosine
      triphosphates, the beta-gamma phosphodiester bond is hydrolyzed, and RNA
      polymerase II joins the complex, thereby converting it into a stable initiation
      complex capable of forming (but prior to the formation of) the first
      phosphodiester bond. When this complex is isolated and incubated in the presence
      of all four nucleoside triphosphates, it is converted into an elongation complex
      that then permits the synthesis of phosphodiester bonds and the correct run-off
      transcript. A limiting transcription component is sequestered in the
      preinitiation complex. This factor is released upon elongation and can
      reassociate with new DNA templates during subsequent rounds of initiation.
      Therefore, class II genes do not appear to form activated transcription units
      stable for multiple rounds of transcription; rather, their transcriptional
      activity may be controlled in part by regulating the association of transcription
      factors at each initiation event.

PMID- 3857605
TI  - Pertussis toxin inhibition of chemotaxis and the ADP-ribosylation of a membrane
      protein in a human-mouse hybrid cell line.
AB  - When WBC264-9C cells are preincubated with pertussis toxin, chemotaxis is
      inhibited and ADP-ribosylation of a membrane protein with a subunit Mr 41,000 is
      observed. Both the inhibition of chemotaxis and the ADP-ribosylation by pertussis
      toxin display a similar time lag, temperature dependence, and pertussis toxin
      concentration dependence. Although the inhibition of chemotaxis and the ADP
      ribosylation of the membrane protein are qualitatively correlated, nearly
      complete inhibition of chemotaxis occurs when there is only partial ADP
      ribosylation of the membrane protein. Pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation
      of the Mr 41,000 protein in WBC264-9C membranes is stimulated by GDP, GTP, and to
      a lesser extent by GMP; the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma
      imido]triphosphate has no effect. WBC264-9C membranes have a high-affinity GTPase
      activity, which is partially inhibited in membranes from pertussis toxin-treated
      cells. Neither GTPase activity nor adenylate cyclase activity in membranes from
      WBC264-9C cells is affected by fMet-Leu-Phe, an attractant for these cells. Our
      results suggest that a guanine nucleotide binding protein may be involved in
      chemotaxis, but they do not indicate an involvement of adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 3857606
TI  - Differential scanning calorimetry of nuclei reveals the loss of major structural
      features in chromatin by brief nuclease treatment.
AB  - Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that chromatin melts in four distinct
      transitions in intact HeLa nuclei at 60 degrees C, 76 degrees C, 88 degrees C,
      and 105 degrees C. Calorimetry of whole cells was characterized by the same four
      transitions along with another at 65 degrees C, which was probably RNA. Isolated
      chromatin, however, melted in only two transitions at 72 degrees C and 85 degrees
      C. Very brief digestion of HeLa nuclei with either micrococcal nuclease or DNase
      I resulted in the conversion of a structure that melted at 105 degrees C to one
      that melted at 88 degrees C. Further digestion with micrococcal nuclease to the
      level of the mononucleosome did not result in any further substantial changes in
      either enthalpy or melting temperatures. In contrast, further DNase I digestion
      that resulted in cleavage within the nucleosome produced a pronounced shift in
      melting temperatures to broad transitions at 62 degrees C and 78 degrees C.

PMID- 3857607
TI  - Detection in extracts of bovine brain of lipophilic complexes of sulfate esters
      of cholesterol and beta-sitosterol.
AB  - Evidence indicating that there exist in bovine brains hitherto-unrecognized
      lipophilic conjugates of sterol sulfates is presented. These conjugates are
      soluble in nonpolar solvents and, when heated in methanol containing pyridine,
      yield polar sterol conjugates. These polar substances have the chromatographic
      mobility of sterol sulfates and are cleaved to free sterols when subjected to a
      solvolytic process known to be specific for sulfate esters. The brain sterols
      that have been identified in this way are cholesterol and beta-sitosterol.

PMID- 3857608
TI  - Initiation of transcription from each of the two human mitochondrial promoters
      requires unique nucleotides at the transcriptional start sites.
AB  - Promoters for transcriptional initiation on each strand of human mtDNA lie in
      close proximity in the displacement-loop region. Transcription initiates within
      these promoter elements, providing an opportunity to analyze the effects of
      nucleotide sequence changes on the efficiency and fidelity of this event within
      two delimited regions. Each promoter was individually altered by a site-directed
      mutagenesis approach and assayed in vitro for the ability to support
      transcription. The data clearly confirm the previous assignment of promoter
      functions for these elements and show that single nucleotide substitutions
      immediately upstream of the transcriptional start sites can abolish
      transcription. In all cases of decreased transcription, the correct site of
      initiation is maintained. Although the heavy-strand promoter and light-strand
      promoter are similar in primary sequence, they exhibit remarkably different
      sensitivities to base substitutions.

PMID- 3857609
TI  - Growth-dependent expression of multiple species of DNA methyltransferase in
      murine erythroleukemia cells.
AB  - Friend murine erythroleukemia cells were found to contain three distinct species
      of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase (DNA MeTase) whose relative proportions
      were a characteristic function of the proliferative state of the cells. Rapidly
      proliferating cells contained a Mr 190,000 species of DNA MeTase (DNA MeTase
      III), whereas cells in the late logarithmic/early plateau phase of cellular
      growth contained two species of Mr 150,000 and 175,000 (DNA MeTase I and II);
      stationary phase cells contained primarily DNA MeTase I. The three species of DNA
      MeTase displayed structural similarities, as determined by analysis of partial
      proteolysis products, and have similar de novo sequence specificities in
      transmethylation reactions involving purified enzyme and prokaryotic DNA. The
      different relative proportions of the enzymes in cells under different growth
      conditions suggest that the three species of DNA MeTase fulfill different roles
      in processes leading to the perpetuation of DNA methylation patterns.

PMID- 3857610
TI  - Scavenger receptor-mediated recognition of maleyl bovine plasma albumin and the
      demaleylated protein in human monocyte macrophages.
AB  - Maleyl bovine plasma albumin competed on an equimolar basis with malondialdehyde
      low density lipoprotein (LDL) in suppressing the lysosomal hydrolysis of 125I
      labeled malondialdehyde LDL mediated by the scavenger receptor of human monocyte
      macrophages. Maleyl bovine plasma albumin, in which 94% of the amino groups were
      modified, exhibited an anodic mobility in agarose electrophoresis 1.7 times that
      of the native protein. Incubation of maleyl bovine plasma albumin at pH 3.5
      regenerated the free amino groups and restored the protein to the same
      electrophoretic mobility as native albumin. The demaleylated protein suppressed
      75% of the hydrolysis of 125I-labeled malondialdehyde LDL and greater than 80% of
      125I-labeled maleyl bovine plasma albumin. The ability of the demaleylated
      protein to compete was abolished after treatment with guanidine hydrochloride.
      Although ligands recognized by the scavenger receptor typically are anionic, we
      propose that addition of new negative charge achieved by maleylation, rather than
      directly forming the receptor binding site(s), induces conformational changes in
      albumin as a prerequisite to expression of the recognition domain(s). The altered
      conformation of the modified protein apparently persists after removal of the
      maleyl groups. We conclude that the primary sequence of albumin, rather than
      addition of new negative charge, provides the recognition determinant(s)
      essential for interaction of maleyl bovine plasma albumin with the scavenger
      receptor.

PMID- 3857611
TI  - Purification of a vitamin K epoxide reductase that catalyzes conversion of
      vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-phytyl-2,3-dihydronaphthoquinone.
AB  - An enzyme from bovine liver microsomes that catalyzes the reduction of vitamin K
      2,3-epoxide to 2- and 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-phytyl-2,3-dihydronaphthoquinone was
      purified 1152-fold to apparent homogeneity. Microsomes were solubilized with 3-[3
      cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), and the enzyme was
      purified by chromatography on PBE-94 ion exchanger, hydroxylapatite, and DEAE
      cellulose, and then gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200. The homogeneity of the
      final preparation was established by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis in
      the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The molecular weight of the native enzyme
      is 25,000 and that of denatured enzyme is 12,400, which suggests that the enzyme
      is a dimer with identical subunits. No chromophoric cofactors are associated with
      the enzyme. Dithiothreitol and CHAPS are essential for activity, but high
      concentrations of glycerol reduces the activity. The enzyme is not inhibited by
      warfarin, a potent inhibitor of the vitamin K epoxide reductase, which catalyzes
      the conversion of vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to vitamin K. Evidence is presented
      indicating that the purified enzyme is not simply a fragment of the warfarin
      sensitive vitamin K epoxide reductase.

PMID- 3857612
TI  - 19-Hydroxylation of androgens in the rat brain.
AB  - Aromatization of androgens in the central nervous system is linked with sexual
      differentiation of the brain and, thus, determines the nature of sexual behavior
      and the control of gonadotropin secretion. The process of aromatization, as
      determined in the human placenta, proceeds through two successive hydroxylations
      at C-19, the products of which are then virtually completely converted via a
      third hydroxylation at C-2 to estrogens. We now report that in the rat brain, 19
      hydroxylation of androgens greatly exceeds aromatization and the 19-hydroxy- and
      19-oxoandrogen products accumulate in quantities 5 times greater than the
      estrogens. This relationship implies that the aromatization sequence in the brain
      is deficient in the terminal hydroxylase, and the process is distinct from that
      in other tissues. The function of 19-hydroxy- and 19-oxotestosterone in the
      central nervous system is unknown but, unlike the reduced or aromatized
      metabolites of the male hormone, these substances cannot be delivered from the
      circulation and their presence in the brain is totally dependent on in situ
      formation, making them logical candidates for modulators of neuronal functions.

PMID- 3857613
TI  - Mutations in the phosphoglucose isomerase gene can lead to marked alterations in
      cellular ATP levels in cultured fibroblasts exposed to simple nutrient shifts.
AB  - The generation of ATP in a hamster fibroblast mutant devoid of the enzyme
      phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) has been studied and compared with that in the
      parental line, which is PGI+. Both cell lines could be maintained for 24 hr in
      hexose media devoid of L-glutamine. Under these conditions in mannose medium,
      both the parental line and the PGI mutant maintained high intracellular ATP
      levels. With glucose under the same conditions, the parental line was able to
      keep the ATP level high. In contrast, the mutant line lost most of its ATP pool
      after incubation with glucose; the ATP/ADP ratio fell about 80% after incubation
      in glucose medium. Addition of pyruvate, with or without glucose, preserved the
      ATP pool at high levels even in the mutant, as did the presence of L-glutamine.
      When the PGI mutant was maintained for 3-4 days in growth medium, containing 4 mM
      L-glutamine and 10% dialyzed calf serum, in which glucose was replaced by
      mannose, the UDP-glucose pool dwindled and mediated control of the hexose uptake
      system did not ensue, in contrast to results of the same exposure to glucose
      containing medium.

PMID- 3857614
TI  - A monoclonal antibody disrupting calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion of brain
      tissues: possible role of its target antigen in animal pattern formation.
AB  - The Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion system (CDS) is thought to be essential for
      the formation and maintenance of cell adhesion in a wide variety of tissues.
      Previous studies suggested that CDS has some cell-type specificity; for example,
      the monoclonal antibody ECCD-1 selectively recognizes CDS of certain epithelial
      tissues in mouse embryos but not nervous tissues. In the present study, we have
      obtained a monoclonal antibody, designated NCD-1, that disrupts connections
      between brain cells of mouse embryos. A series of experiments suggested that NCD
      1 specifically recognizes CDS. We then determined the distribution of the NCD-1
      antigen in various mouse tissues. NCD-1 reacted with cells of the following
      tissues and cell lines: nervous tissues from various sources, lens, striated
      muscle, cardiac muscle, glioma G26-20, adrenocortical tumor Y1, and melanoma B16.
      None of these cells reacted with ECCD-1, and the cells reactive with ECCD-1 did
      not react with NCD-1. There was also a class of cells that did not react with
      either ECCD-1 or NCD-1. These results suggest that cells in the body can be
      classified into at least three groups containing CDS of differing specificities.
      A map of the tissue localization of these different classes of CDS also suggests
      that the expression of cell-type-specific cell adhesion molecules in each tissue
      plays a crucial role in adhesion between the same cell types and segregation of
      different cell types in processes essential for animal morphogenesis.

PMID- 3857615
TI  - Ontogeny of hamster hemoglobins in yolk-sac erythroid cells in vivo and in
      culture.
AB  - During mammalian hemoglobin ontogeny, synthesis of the earliest globin chains
      (embryonic) is ultimately replaced by synthesis of globin chains (adult)
      characteristic of the fully formed organism. Elements of control of initiation,
      progression, and completion of globin-chain ontogeny are poorly understood. In
      search of a cell culture system in which ontogeny might be studied under closely
      controlled experimental conditions, we chose erythroid cells of the hamster
      embryo. First, the ontogeny of globin chains was defined in these yolk-sac
      derived erythroid cells from day 10 through day 13 in gestation. Amounts of
      individual embryonic and adult globin chains were quantified, as were their rates
      of synthesis. Next, analogous studies were performed on yolk-sac erythroid cells
      from day 10 in gestation (prior to the appearance of fetal liver) grown in
      culture for 3 days, corresponding to days 10-13 in vivo. The ontogenic program in
      culture was virtually identical to that in vivo. Approximately 70% of active
      globin synthesis was embryonic at day 10 in gestation (day 0 of culture),
      declining to 30% by day 13 in gestation (day 3 of culture). Whereas only trace
      synthesis of the adult non-alpha chains (beta major and beta minor) were
      initially observed, their combined active synthesis achieved a level of
      approximately 30% 3 days later both in vivo and in culture. Cell hemoglobin
      content and cell morphology were similar in both systems. We conclude that an
      ontogenic program for globin-chain synthesis exists in these primitive erythroid
      cells, overriding possible influences of cell environment. Further, we suggest
      that these cells in culture provide a means of examining cell mechanisms
      associated with globin-gene ontogeny under controlled experimental conditions.

PMID- 3857616
TI  - Morphogenetic rearrangement of injected collagen in developing chicken limb buds.
AB  - A fundamental question concerning the development of the extracellular matrix is
      what factors control the arrangement of collagen fibrils within a tissue and at
      the same time allow for the great diversity of geometric forms exhibited by
      collagen. In this report, we test the possibility that physical forces within the
      embryo serve to organize collagen fibers into regular patterns. In particular, we
      test the prediction that patterns of stress having this morphogenetic function
      are generated by cell traction, the contractile force exerted by cells to propel
      themselves. To study the effects of these mechanical forces on the extracellular
      matrix, type I collagen was fluorescently labeled and injected into developing
      chicken wing buds. When the injected limbs were allowed to develop and then
      examined histologically, the exogenous collagen was found incorporated within
      normal connective tissues of the wing. The labeled collagen became arranged
      according to its site of injection, forming parts of tendons, perichondria,
      cartilages, perineuria, and blood vessels. Since the injected collagen formed a
      gel within minutes of its injection, the subsequent incorporation of this
      performed collagen within organized structures cannot be explained in terms of
      molecular self-assembly or other mechanisms occurring during collagen deposition.
      These results demonstrate that, within developing tissues, patterns of forces
      exist that are capable of physically rearranging collagen and determining its
      long-range order.

PMID- 3857617
TI  - Silkmoth chorion gene families contain patchwork patterns of sequence homology.
AB  - The late chorion locus of Bombyx mori, containing paired members from two
      multigene families, has been analyzed in detail. The 15 gene pairs, irregularly
      spaced over 140 kilobases, exhibit an identical structure and a high overall
      sequence homology, while the flanking DNA (intergene regions) varies
      considerably. Segments of DNA of 150-300 base pairs from a reference gene pair
      were used as probes in a series of DNA hybridization experiments. It was found
      that the sequence variants within the locus are in a "patchwork" arrangement.
      Each gene pair contains a unique pattern of regions or "patches" that are highly
      homologous to the reference gene pair, interspersed with regions exhibiting less
      homology. We suggest that phenotypic selection is unable to account for the
      observed patchwork patterns; rather, sequence exchange between genes must be
      postulated. The nature of the DNA flanking the gene pairs would suggest that most
      of this sequence exchange is by means of gene conversion rather than unequal
      crossover events.

PMID- 3857618
TI  - Plasmid-induced "hit-and-run" tumorigenesis in Chinese hamster embryo fibroblast
      (CHEF) cells.
AB  - The Chinese hamster embryo fibroblast cell line CHEF/18 is readily transfected by
      plasmid DNA. In the present transfection studies with CHEF/18 cells, focus
      formation induced by plasmids containing the mutant human c-Ha-ras gene EJ was
      compared with that of control plasmids without the EJ insert. The focus-forming
      activity of the transfected plasmid J132, a recombinant of the Harvey murine
      sarcoma virus LTR and the normal human c-Ha-ras1 in pBR322, also was assessed.
      Foci were recovered after transfection with either pSV2gpt or pSV2neo at about
      10% the frequency obtained with the EJ-containing plasmids, and J132 gave a
      similar frequency, all well above background obtained with salmon sperm DNA.
      Whereas foci from transfection with EJ-containing plasmids contained the EJ DNA,
      no plasmid DNA was detected in either tumorigenic or tumor-derived cells from
      foci transfected with pSVgpt, pSVneo, or J132. Evidence that genomic changes were
      induced by plasmid transfection is based on finding chromosomal aberrations in
      all expanded foci and tumor-derived cells examined. The results suggest the
      occurrence of "hit-and-run" tumorigenesis induced by transient plasmid
      transfection.

PMID- 3857619
TI  - Evidence for a prevalent dimorphism in the activation peptide of human
      coagulation factor IX.
AB  - We have independently isolated and characterized cDNA and genomic clones for the
      human coagulation factor IX. Sequence analysis in both cases indicates that
      threonine is encoded by the triplet ACT as the third residue of the activation
      peptide. This is in agreement with some earlier reports but in disagreement with
      others that show the alanine triplet GCT at this position. The discrepancy can
      thus be accounted for by natural variation of a single nucleotide in the normal
      population. Amino acid sequence analyses of activated factor IX from plasma
      samples of four individuals yielded two cases of alanine and two cases of
      threonine at the third position of the activation peptide. In factor IX from
      pooled plasma and in factor IX from a heterozygous individual, however, both
      alanine and threonine were found. Taken together, the findings show that a
      prevalent nondeleterious dimorphism exists in the activation peptide of human
      coagulation factor IX.

PMID- 3857620
TI  - Lack of evidence for skeletal abnormalities in offspring of mice exposed to
      ethylnitrosourea.
AB  - Using morphometrical methods, we investigated variation in the skeletons of more
      than 400 offspring of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J male mice that had received either a
      250 mg/kg dose of the mutagen ethylnitrosourea or a solvent control. Sperm
      involved in the matings developed from cells in the spermatogonial stage at the
      time the animals were injected. Although variants were detected, differences in
      frequencies of gross abnormalities and minor variations in shape between treated
      and control groups were almost all nonsignificant. There were also no major
      differences in measures of variability within the groups of offspring from either
      the treated males or the control group. Additional examination of the skeleton
      for changes in the frequency of a series of nonmetrical variants also provided no
      evidence of differences between the treated and control groups that could be
      attributed to induced mutations. These results conflict with previous findings
      that ethylnitrosourea is a potent inducer of dominant skeletal mutations.

PMID- 3857621
TI  - Intron-mediated recombination may cause a deletion in an alpha 1 type I collagen
      chain in a lethal form of osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - To understand the nature of the mutation in type I collagen genes in cells from
      an infant with the perinatal lethal form of osteogenesis imperfecta (type II), we
      cloned and sequenced almost 2 kilobases of a normal alpha 1(I) collagen gene and
      the corresponding region of a mutant alpha 1(I) gene from cell strain CRL 1262.
      The mutant gene had undergone recombination between two non-homologous introns,
      which resulted in the loss of three exons coding for 84 amino acids in the triple
      helical domain. The deletion predicted the loss of amino acid residues
      surrounding and including the methionine at the junction between the CNBr
      peptides alpha 1(I) CB8 and alpha 1(I) CB3, a result confirmed by analysis of the
      cleavage peptides from the product of the mutant gene. Although large deletions
      from collagen genes are uncommon causes of the osteogenesis imperfecta type II
      phenotype, analysis of the de novo change in gene structure in this cell strain
      suggests that similar rearrangements may have occurred during the evolution of
      the large collagen genes.

PMID- 3857622
TI  - mRNA precursor splicing in vivo: sequence requirements determined by deletion
      analysis of an intervening sequence.
AB  - To define the extent of intervening sequence required for splicing higher
      eukaryotic mRNA precursors in vivo, we constructed deletions within the second
      intervening sequence of the human G gamma-globin gene that progressively approach
      the donor or acceptor splice sites. Most of the intervening sequence can be
      deleted with no effect on splicing. At the donor splice site, 6 bases of
      intervening sequence are sufficient for accurate and efficient splicing. At the
      acceptor splice site, 20 bases are sufficient for accurate and efficient
      splicing, and 16 bases are sufficient for accurate splicing but at a reduced
      level. However, 15 bases are insufficient for splicing at a significant level.
      The effect of deletions ending near the acceptor splice site is independent of
      whether an A-G dinucleotide is introduced into the acceptor splice site region by
      the deletion.

PMID- 3857623
TI  - The translocated c-myc oncogene of Raji Burkitt lymphoma cells is not expressed
      in human lymphoblastoid cells.
AB  - We hybridized Raji Burkitt lymphoma cells, which carry a t(8;14) chromosome
      translocation, with human lymphoblastoid cells to study the expression of the
      translocated cellular myc oncogene (c-myc) in the hybrid cells. In Raji cells the
      c-myc oncogene is translocated to a switch region of the gamma heavy chain locus
      (S gamma). Because of sequence alterations in the 5' exon of the translocated c
      myc oncogene in this cell line, it is possible to distinguish the transcripts of
      the translocated c-myc gene and of the normal c-myc gene. S1 nuclease protection
      experiments with a c-myc first exon probe indicate that Raji cells express
      predominantly the translocated c-myc gene, while the level of expression of the
      normal c-myc gene is less than 2% of that of the translocated c-myc gene. Somatic
      cell hybrids between Raji and human lymphoblastoid cells retain the
      lymphoblastoid phenotype and express only the normal c-myc oncogene. This result
      indicates that the activation of a c-myc oncogene translocated to a S region
      depends on the stage of B-cell differentiation of the cells harboring the
      translocated c-myc gene and not on alterations in the structure of the
      translocated c-myc oncogene.

PMID- 3857624
TI  - Complete primary structures of two major murine serum amyloid A proteins deduced
      from cDNA sequences.
AB  - cDNA clones encoding two major mouse serum amyloid A proteins, SAA1 and SAA2,
      were isolated from a liver cDNA library of the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated
      BALB/c mouse, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. The insert of the
      SAA2 cDNA clone contained 607 nucleotides with a 5' untranslated region of 36
      nucleotides, a signal peptide region corresponding to 19 amino acids, a mature
      protein region corresponding to 103 amino acids, and a 3' untranslated region of
      202 nucleotides. The SAA1 cDNA insert contained 549 nucleotides specifying a part
      of a signal peptide region, a mature protein region, and a 3' untranslated
      region. A comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of SAA1
      cDNA with that of SAA2 cDNA showed a high degree of homology: 95% nucleotide
      sequence homology in the coding region (91% amino acid sequence homology) and 90%
      homology in the 3' untranslated region. One of nine amino acid differences
      between SAA1 and SAA2 predicted from the cDNA sequences was located in a putative
      proteolytic cleavage site for amyloid A protein formation: SAA2 had the Thr-Met
      sequence in this site, while SAA1 had the Thr-Ile sequence. This suggests that
      SAA1, which does not deposit as amyloid A protein, is also potentially
      susceptible to putative proteolytic enzymes. In addition, as compared with mouse
      SAA2, human SAA1, monkey and mink amyloid A protein, mouse SAA1 had two unique
      substitutions, which may play a role in differential deposition of mouse SAA
      isotypes in amyloid tissues.

PMID- 3857625
TI  - Assignment of the gene coding for the T3-delta subunit of the T3-T-cell receptor
      complex to the long arm of human chromosome 11 and to mouse chromosome 9.
AB  - The gene encoding the 20-kDa glycoprotein of the T3-T-cell receptor complex (T3
      delta chain) has been mapped to human chromosome 11 by hybridization of a T3
      delta cDNA clone (pPGBC#9) to DNA from a panel of human-rodent somatic cell
      hybrids. In Southern blotting experiments with DNAs of somatic cell hybrids that
      contained segments of chromosome 11, we were able to assign the T3-delta gene to
      the distal portion of the long arm of human chromosome 11 (11q23-11qter). By use
      of a newly developed cDNA clone (pPEM-T3 delta) that codes for the murine T3
      delta chain, the mouse T3-delta gene was mapped on chromosome 9. The importance
      of the T3-delta map position and its relationship to the other genes on the long
      arm of human chromosome 11 and to those on mouse chromosome 9 is discussed.

PMID- 3857626
TI  - Specificity analysis of mouse monoclonal antibodies defining cell surface
      antigens of human renal cancer.
AB  - Six mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) defining separate systems of cell surface
      antigens of cultured human renal cancer were tested for reactivity with normal
      fetal and adult tissues and with neoplastic tissues. Five of the mAbs identified
      glycoproteins of Mr 160,000 (designated S4), Mr Mr 140,000 (F23), Mr 120,000 (S23
      and S27), and Mr 115,000 (S22). The glycoprotein component of Mr 120,000 has been
      shown recently to be the adenosine deaminase binding protein (ADA-BP) and mAbS23
      and mAbS27 define two distinct epitopes on ADA-BP. S22 was not detected on any
      normal fetal or adult tissues but was found on a subset of renal cancers. S4,
      F23, S23, and S27 defined distinct domains of the nephron: glomerulus (S4),
      proximal tubules (S4, F23, S23, and S27), and portions of Henle's loop (S23 and
      S27). mAbS4 also reacted with the interstitial matrix in the renal medulla and of
      other tissues, and mAbF23 reacted with fetal and adult fibroblasts. The S23
      epitope of ADA-BP was expressed by placental trophoblasts and epithelial cells of
      breast, prostate, lung, and colon, whereas the S27 epitope was detected on a more
      limited range of cell types (trophoblasts and prostate epithelium). A panel of 20
      renal cell carcinomas was typed for expression of these antigens; 7 phenotypes
      could be distinguished, with the S4+/F23+/S23+/S27+/S22+ or - phenotype (15
      cases) being most common. The other antigenic system, V1, identified a heat
      stable antigen that was widely expressed on cultured cell types but showed a
      restricted pattern of reactivity in tissues. V1 expression was limited to the
      adrenal cortex, Leydig cells, and the theca of ovarian follicles, and to adrenal
      cortical carcinomas.

PMID- 3857627
TI  - Increased activity of the glucose cycle in the liver: early characteristic of
      type 2 diabetes.
AB  - The aims were to assess in the mild, lean, type 2 diabetics the activity of the
      hepatic futile cycle (glucose cycling) in the basal state and during an infusion
      of glucose and the overall contribution of futile cycling and the relative
      contributions of the liver and the periphery to excessive hyperglycemia during a
      glucose challenge. To determine hepatic futile cycling, we studied seven healthy
      controls (C) and eight mild, lean, type 2 diabetics with decreased oral glucose
      tolerance test and blood glucose of 123 +/- 4 mg/dl. Experiments included an
      equilibration period, followed by a 2-hr infusion of glucose at 2 mg/kg of body
      weight per min. In each subject, two such experiments were performed randomly
      with infusions of [2-3H]glucose or [3-3H]glucose to calculate, respectively,
      total glucose output or total glucose phosphorylation and glucose production or
      irreversible glucose loss. Futile cycling equals the difference between glucose
      turnover measured by the two tracers. In controls basal glucose production was
      2.0 +/- 0.09 mg/kg per min, and it decreased by 75% during glucose infusion;
      futile cycling could not be detected. Plasma glucose increased by 30% and plasma
      C-peptide by 88%. In the diabetics total glucose output (2.41 +/- 0.17 mg/kg per
      min) was larger than glucose production (2.12 +/- 0.16 mg/kg per min), indicating
      a glucose cycle. During the glucose infusion, glucose production in the diabetics
      as well as in the controls decreased by 75% (to 0.6 mg/kg per min) despite higher
      than normal plasma glucose and C-peptide; futile cycling amounted to 0.6 mg/kg
      per min, which is half of the total glucose output; increase of glucose uptake
      was essentially only due to phosphorylation of glucose because irreversible
      uptake increased only marginally; and most glucose taken up by the liver during
      the glucose challenge reenters the blood stream without being oxidized or
      polymerized. These findings, when compared to our previous work in which controls
      were infused with glucose at 4 mg/kg per min, indicate that excessive
      hyperglycemia in the diabetics during glucose infusion is due to a decrease in
      irreversible glucose uptake (impaired phosphorylation and futile cycling) and to
      a decrease in suppression of glucose production. The relative contributions of
      the liver and periphery to hyperglycemia seem to be almost equivalent. The
      mechanism behind the increased glucose cycle activity is not clear; it may be due
      to a relative decrease of glycogen synthase or increase in glucose-6-phosphatase
      or both.

PMID- 3857628
TI  - O6-Alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase activity correlates with the therapeutic
      response of human rhabdomyosarcoma xenografts to 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(trans-4
      methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea.
AB  - Immune-deprived female CBA/CaJ mice bearing xenografts of six different human
      rhabdomyosarcoma lines were treated with 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(trans-4
      methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU). Tumor responses were compared with
      levels of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity because of evidence
      indicating that repair of DNA interstrand cross-link precursors, mediated by the
      transferase, may be an important determinant of MeCCNU cytotoxicity. Levels of
      methyltransferase in tumor extracts were measured by determining the loss of O6
      methylguanine from 3H-labeled methylated DNA. Five of the six tumor lines
      examined showed either no response to MeCCNU or regrowth after an incomplete
      response. In each instance, the extent of tumor regression correlated with the
      level of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity in tumor extracts. The
      single highly drug sensitive line was totally devoid of the activity. These
      results suggest that O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase levels in human tumor
      cells may be a clinically useful predictor of sensitivity to the
      chloroethylnitrosoureas.

PMID- 3857629
TI  - An initiator of carcinogenesis selectively and stably inhibits stem cell
      differentiation: a concept that initiation of carcinogenesis involves multiple
      phases.
AB  - A concept of carcinogenesis was recently devised in our laboratory that suggests
      the development of defects in the control of cell differentiation is associated
      with an early phase of carcinogenesis. To test this proposal directly, the
      effects of an initiator of carcinogenesis (i.e., UV irradiation) on proadipocyte
      stem cell differentiation and proliferation was assayed. In this regard, 3T3 T
      proadipocytes represent a nontransformed mesenchymal stem cell line that
      possesses the ability to regulate its differentiation at a distinct state in the
      G1 phase of the cell cycle as well as the ability to regulate its proliferation
      at two additional G1 states that are induced by culture in growth factor
      deficient or nutrient-deficient microenvironments. The results establish that a
      low dosage of 254 nm UV irradiation selectively and stably inhibits the
      differentiation of a high percentage of proadipocyte stem cells without
      significantly altering their ability to regulate cellular proliferation in growth
      factor-deficient or nutrient-deficient culture conditions. Differentiation
      defective proadipocyte stem cells are demonstrated not to be completely
      transformed but to show an increased spontaneous transformation rate, as
      evidenced by the formation of type III foci in high density cell cultures. These
      data support the role of defects in the control of differentiation in the
      initiation of carcinogenesis. Other data, however, also suggest that additional
      cellular defects must be expressed for a cell to be completely initiated. These
      observations support a concept that the initiation of carcinogenesis involves
      multiple phases.

PMID- 3857630
TI  - Essential role of phospholipase A2 activity in endothelial cell-induced
      modification of low density lipoprotein.
AB  - Previous studies have established that incubation of low density lipoprotein
      (LDL) with cultured endothelial cells (EC) converts it to a new form (EC-modified
      LDL) that is now recognized by a specific receptor on macrophages (the acetyl LDL
      receptor) and is taken up and degraded 3-10 times more rapidly than native LDL
      (biological modification). The formation of EC-modified LDL depended on
      generation of free radicals with consequent peroxidation of LDL lipids and was
      accompanied by extensive hydrolysis of LDL phosphatidylcholine at the 2-position.
      The present studies show that p-bromophenacyl bromide, a site-specific
      irreversible inhibitor of phospholipase A2 activity, blocks this hydrolysis and,
      at the same time, the enhanced macrophage degradation. We show further that
      during EC modification the apoprotein B of LDL undergoes considerable
      modification and that this also is prevented by the phospholipase inhibitor.
      Finally, as reported previously, changes similar to those observed on incubation
      of LDL with EC can be induced by incubation in the absence of cells but in the
      presence of a sufficiently high concentration of Cu2+. This also is accompanied
      by hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine at the 2-position and breakdown of
      apoprotein B. These changes are also inhibited by p-bromophenacyl bromide,
      suggesting the presence of a phospholipase A2 activity associated with LDL as it
      is isolated. A hypothesis is presented linking lipid peroxidation,
      phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis, and changes in the LDL apoprotein during EC
      modification.

PMID- 3857631
TI  - Natural history of restricted synthesis and expression of measles virus genes in
      subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
AB  - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a slow infection caused by measles
      virus in which several years separate recovery from typical acute measles and the
      development of a slowly progressive neurological disease. We have investigated
      replication of measles virus in brain tissue obtained after the onset of
      neurological disease and in the terminal phase. With a hybridization tomographic
      technique that combines in situ hybridization with macroradioautographic
      screening of large areas of tissue, we analyzed the spatial and temporal
      distribution of virus genes in vivo, using region- and strand-specific probes for
      the nucleocapsid and matrix genes. We show that early in the course of SSPE there
      is a global repression in the synthesis and expression of the genome. In the
      final stage of SSPE most infected cells still have depressed levels of plus- and
      minus-strand viral RNA and contain nucleocapsid protein but lack matrix protein.
      These findings provide further evidence for a unified view of slow infections of
      the nervous system, where the general constraints on virus gene expression
      provide an explanation for persistence of virus in the face of the host's immune
      response, and the slow evolution of pathological change. In the final phases of
      SSPE the more specific block in virus replication accounts for the cell
      associated state of the virus and the difficulty in virus isolation.

PMID- 3857632
TI  - Dopamine decreases conductance of the electrical junctions between cultured
      retinal horizontal cells.
AB  - Horizontal cells from the white perch were isolated by enzymatic treatment and
      trituration of the retina and were maintained in culture for 1-5 days.
      Overlapping pairs of horizontal cells were identified, and the two cells were
      recorded from simultaneously, using whole-cell patch clamp techniques. Electrical
      coupling between cells was determined by passing current pulses into one cell,
      the driver cell, while (i) recording voltage changes in the other, follower cell,
      or (ii) measuring current flow into the follower cell. Most cell pairs of the
      same morphological type were coupled electrically, with coupling coefficients
      often greater than 0.9. Junctional resistance was typically found to be between
      20 and 60 M omega and junctional conductance was between 150 and 500 nS. After
      application of 1-microliter pulses of dopamine (200 microM) to coupled pairs of
      cells, the coupling coefficient fell to approximately equal to 0.1, junctional
      resistance increased to 300-700 M omega, and junctional conductance decreased to
      15-30 nS. Recovery of coupling took, for most cell pairs tested, 8-15 min after
      dopamine application. The exogenous application of 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (0.5-1 mM)
      also caused uncoupling of horizontal cell pairs; however, neither isoprenaline
      nor L-glutamate altered coupling significantly.

PMID- 3857633
TI  - Fucose-containing glycolipids are stage- and region-specific antigens in
      developing embryonic brain of rodents.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (against 7A antigen), raised against a homogenate of
      embryonic rat forebrain, marks the distribution of region- and developmental
      stage-specific cell-surface antigens in the mammalian central nervous system. In
      the mouse, immunocytochemical staining revealed that 7A antigen is expressed
      almost exclusively in germinal layers of the cerebral cortex beginning as early
      as day 11 of gestation and becomes undetectable by birth. The typical staining is
      seen at embryonic days 13-15, in which only the ventricular and the
      subventricular zones of the cerebral cortex are intensely labeled, whereas most
      other areas of the brain are unlabeled. Tissue culture studies indicate that the
      7A antigen is localized at the plasma membrane. Molecular species possessing the
      antigen are identified as neutral glycolipids that contain the X-determinant
      trisaccharide: (formula; see text) This glycoconjugate is expressed in embryonic
      brains of many mammalian species (mouse, rat, rabbit, calf, and human) and may be
      a cell-surface component important in normal development of the central nervous
      system.

PMID- 3857634
TI  - Ceruloplasmin and metallothionein induction by zinc and 13-cis-retinoic acid in
      rats with adjuvant inflammation.
AB  - The induction of ceruloplasmin and metallothionein was investigated in rats with
      the early inflammatory phase of adjuvant arthritis. When examined at the peak of
      the acute inflammatory response, 5 days after adjuvant treatment, zinc given
      daily (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) increased serum ceruloplasmin levels by 2.0
      times that found in nonarthritic rats and 1.2 times that found in non-zinc
      treated arthritic rats. 13-cis-Retinoic acid (160 mg/kg, orally) given daily
      increased serum ceruloplasmin 2.2 and 2.7 times that found in nontreated
      arthritic rats when given alone and with zinc (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally),
      respectively. Reduction in the inflammatory response was measured by weight of
      the adjuvant-injected paw, 5 days after adjuvant was administered. The reduction
      in inflammation was 13 and 19-20% for 13-cis-retinoic acid and zinc,
      respectively, when given alone, and between 26 and 31% when the treatments were
      combined. Zinc markedly increased liver metallothionein levels whereas 13-cis
      retinoic acid was a much less potent inducer of the protein in liver. The results
      are discussed in light of the probable physiological roles of both ceruloplasmin
      and metallothionein.

PMID- 3857635
TI  - Immunologic alterations in monkeys with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
      (SAIDS).
AB  - Levels of lymphocyte responsiveness to T- and B-cell-specific mitogens and
      expressions of Ia, T4, T8, and T11 surface markers were monitored during the
      course of Simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) in four Rhesus
      macaques that either died or became ill and survived. The monkey that died showed
      progressively suppressed responses to concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin
      (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain (SAC)
      through the time of death (5 1/2 weeks). For the three animals that survived, the
      responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) to the same mitogens were
      decreased significantly during the period 4-6 weeks after inoculation. Levels of
      Ia-bearing cells in the PBMC population were markedly reduced in the moribund
      monkey but were not significantly decreased in the three survivors. There was no
      significant change in the percentage of T11-bearing cells in any of the study
      animals. The ratio of T4- and T8-positive cells did not vary significantly during
      the 18 weeks of observation in any of the animals. The infected animals showed
      other evidence of immunosuppression including neutropenia, lymphopenia, and
      depletion of lymphocytes in lymph nodes. The animal that had progressive disease
      and death also had Kaposi-like lesions and staphylococcal septicemia. These
      results indicated that in vitro evidence of immunosuppression due to SAIDS
      appears within a few weeks after infection and this may progress in animals that
      die.

PMID- 3857636
TI  - Extent of morphological differentiation of human melanoma cells reflected by HLA
      DR antigen profiles.

PMID- 3857637
TI  - Collagen synthesis by human neuroblastoma cells.

PMID- 3857638
TI  - Intraluminal prostaglandin stimulation and bile salt inhibition of basal acid
      secretion in the instilled rat stomach.
AB  - To determine the effect of prostaglandin on acid secretion and the effectiveness
      of cytoprotection afforded by prostaglandins against bile salt damage, the
      stomachs of anesthetized rats were exteriorized and cannulated for determination
      of net acid output (H+) and electrical potential difference (PD). The stomachs
      were successively instilled with acid buffer, 5 mM and 15 mM sodium taurocholate
      (NaTC) with or without 3.3 X 10-6M 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2).
      With dmPGE2 present in the instillate, H+ was twice as large in the control
      period. Exposure to 5mM NaTC reduced H+ by 63% and abolished the stimulatory
      effect of dmPGE2. Subsequent exposure to 15mM NaTC depressed H+ further. In the
      absence of dmPGE2, NaTC reduced H+ to equivalent rates. The PD was unaffected by
      NaTC in the presence of dmPGE2 and lowered by 45% in the absence of dmPGE2. It
      may be concluded that 1) prostaglandins stimulate rather than inhibit basal H+ in
      vivo, and 2) prostaglandins provide weak protection against the ionic actions of
      conjugated bile salts instilled in the stomach.

PMID- 3857639
TI  - 6-Oxo-prostaglandin F1a production by guinea-pig skeletal muscle in vitro: the
      effects of oestradiol and progesterone.
AB  - Fragments of guinea-pig skeletal muscle produce four times as much 6-oxo-PGF1a as
      PGE and PGF. This production of 6-oxo-PGF1a was unaffected by relatively high
      concentrations of oestradiol-17B (100 micrograms/ml) but was increased four-fold
      in the presence of progesterone (500 micrograms/ml). In skeletal muscle
      homogenates, oestradiol (100 micrograms/ml) inhibited 6-oxo-PGF1a synthesis and
      this inhibition was enhanced in the presence of progesterone (500 micrograms/ml);
      at this concentration, progesterone had no effect on its own. Tamoxifen (100
      micrograms/ml), a drug with anti-oestrogenic properties in humans, enhanced the
      inhibition of 6-oxo-PGF1a synthesis by oestradiol and by oestradiol and
      progesterone together, suggesting that oestradiol and tamoxifen may exert their
      effect by a similar mechanism in this experimental model. The significance of
      these observations is discussed.

PMID- 3857640
TI  - Prenatal hamster development following maternal administration of PGE2 at
      midterm.
AB  - The effects of PGE2 on embryonic and fetal development were studied in the golden
      Syrian hamster. Pregnant hamsters were treated on day 8 of gestation with either
      0.2, 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 mg/kg PGE2 delivered I.P. and the near term litters were
      compared to those of untreated and vehicle treated controls. Fetuses from the
      treated litters showed significantly higher frequencies of mortality, lower
      weights, malformations, and missing ossification centres in comparison to control
      litters. The results demonstrate that PGE2 is teratogenic in the hamster and the
      developing neural tube and the fetal skeleton are particularly susceptible to the
      effects of this teratogen.

PMID- 3857641
TI  - Prostaglandins in the human uterus: an interaction between endometrium and
      myometrium.
AB  - The interaction between the prostaglandin production of the human endometrium and
      myometrium has been further investigated using intact pieces of endometrium in
      homogenates of myometrium. There was an increase in the production of 6 oxo PGF,
      alpha when these tissues were incubated together, whereas there was no change in
      the production of PGE, PGF2 alpha or 13, 14 dihydro 15 - keto PGF2 alpha. This
      endometrial - myometrial interaction could have important implications in the
      pathogenesis of menorrhagia.

PMID- 3857642
TI  - Leukotriene D4 and phospholipase A2 release thromboxane A2 of different origin in
      the guinea pig lung parenchymal strip.

PMID- 3857643
TI  - Protective action of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor in preventing extension
      of infarct size in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - U-63,557A, a new selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, was evaluated for
      its ability to prevent the extension of myocardial infarct size. Left coronary
      arteries of male Sprague-Dawley rats (230 - 270 g) were acutely ligated,
      producing a consistent model of myocardial infarction (MI) in rats analyzed 48
      hours later. Left ventricular free wall (LVFW), creatine kinase (CK) activity,
      and amino-nitrogen concentrations were assayed as indices of infarct size. U
      63,557A was administered intravenously in two doses (4 and 8 mg/kg) with a split
      schedule (2 min post-ischemia and either 4 or 24 hrs later). Administration of
      the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor significantly reduced both myocardial CK and
      amino-nitrogen loss at a dose of 8 mg/kg, but it was only slightly effective at 4
      mg/kg. Drug treatment significantly increased the percent LVFW spared; 27 +/- 3%
      (vehicle) vs 43 +/- 7% and 52 +/- 7% (8 mg/kg). U-63,557A is an effective agent
      in myocardial ischemia for limiting the extension of infarct size after acute
      coronary artery ligation. Previous studies of other thromboxane synthetase
      inhibitors showed effectiveness in the early stages of MI. This study shows an
      effect on true infarct size 48 hours post-ligation, and suggests that inhibition
      of thromboxane A2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic damage
      in the myocardium.

PMID- 3857644
TI  - Central cardiovascular effects of the endoperoxide analogue U-46619 in rats.
AB  - Thromboxanes are abundantly present in the rat brain but their possible
      physiological functions in the brain are not known. The prostaglandin
      endoperoxide analogue U-46619 is a selective agonist of TxA2 receptors in many
      peripheral tissues. In the present study the central cardiovascular and
      ventilatory effects of U-46619 were investigated in rats. In conscious
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) U-46619 (1-100 nmol/kg i.c.v.) induced a
      strong dose-related increase in blood pressure but had no significant effect on
      heart rate. In conscious normotensive rats (NR) neither blood pressure nor heart
      rate was significantly affected. Furthermore, U-46619 (0.1-100 nmol/kg i.c.v.)
      had no significant effect on blood pressure, heart rate or ventilation in
      urethane-anaesthetised NR. The results demonstrate an increased sensitivity of
      SHR to TxA2.

PMID- 3857645
TI  - Depression in borderline patients: a prospective EEG sleep study.
AB  - The relationship between borderline personality disorder and primary major
      depression was studied prospectively using Schedule for Affective Disorders and
      Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version (SADS-L) interviews and electroencephalographic
      (EEG) sleep studies. Ten consecutively admitted borderline patients (a
      prospective sample), defined by Gunderson's Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines
      (DIB), underwent EEG sleep studies on two consecutive nights and were compared to
      previously reported samples of nonborderline depressed patients (defined by
      Research Diagnostic Criteria; RDC), normal controls, and DIB-defined borderline
      patients who had been referred "to rule out major depression" (a retrospective
      sample). EEG sleep data were analyzed visually and by automated techniques. Rapid
      eye movement (REM) latency values were similar in depressed and both borderline
      groups but significantly different from controls. Eighty-five percent of REM
      latency values in RDC major depressives were less than or equal to 65 minutes,
      compared to similar rates of 75% in the prospective sample of borderline patients
      and 65% in the retrospective sample, versus 35% for controls (chi 2 = 10.7, p
      less than 0.005). The REM latency in borderline patients did not vary with the
      severity of depression as measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression.
      In the prospective borderline sample, the major SADS-L diagnoses were chronic
      intermittent depression (five), current major depression (four) (two unipolar,
      two bipolar II), and labile personality (one). A convergence of nosologic and EEG
      sleep data is suggested, and supports the concept of a close relationship between
      criteria-defined borderline personality disorder and affective illness.

PMID- 3857646
TI  - Platelet 3H-imipramine binding in pregnancy and the puerperium.
AB  - Platelet 3H-imipramine binding was examined in a cross-sectional study of 70
      Caucasian women in pregnancy and the early post-partum period, and in 23
      nonpregnant women of childbearing age. Mood was also assessed in the pregnancy
      and post-partum sample. No significant differences in number of binding sites
      (Bmax) were found, but an increase in the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd)
      was demonstrated at 5-7 days post-partum.

PMID- 3857647
TI  - Decreased high affinity 3H-imipramine binding in platelets of enuretic children
      and adolescents.
AB  - High affinity 3H-imipramine binding sites have been demonstrated in human brain
      and platelet membranes. It has been suggested that these binding sites
      selectively label serotonin transporter or uptake sites. Since imipramine has a
      beneficial effect in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis, the present study was
      carried out to investigate a possible association between alteration in 3H
      imipramine binding parameters in enuretics in comparison to nonenuretic control
      subjects. 3H-Imipramine binding to platelets was examined in 16 enuretic children
      and adolescents and compared to that in 22 healthy subjects of similar ages. A
      significant reduction was observed in the number of 3H-imipramine binding sites,
      while the dissociation constants (Kd) did not differ significantly in the
      platelets of enuretics as compared to controls. 3H-Imipramine binding values did
      not discriminate between familial and nonfamilial enuresis. These results may
      indicate that an alteration in the serotonin transporter in peripheral or central
      neuronal levels might be involved in the pathophysiology of nocturnal enuresis.

PMID- 3857648
TI  - Evidence for physiological effects of hypercortisolemia in psychiatric patients.
AB  - Although some psychiatric patients may have a disorder of hypothalamic-pituitary
      adrenal (HPA) function equal in character and severity to that noted in milder
      cases of Cushing's disease, it is generally accepted that such patients do not
      show Cushingoid stigmata. This conclusion, however, appears to be based more on
      clinical observation than on the results of formal scientific investigation.
      Since some depressed patients appear to overlap with Cushing's disease patients
      in incidence of such signs and symptoms as amenorrhea, hypertension, sleep
      disturbance, and insulin resistance, we were interested in examining whether a
      group of psychiatric patients showing evidence of marked nonsuppression might not
      also show physiological changes consonant with the effect of glucocorticoid
      excess. Nonsuppressors selected on this basis differed slightly from a matched
      suppressor control group on percentage of polyneutrophils and lymphocytes in
      blood. A discriminant function constructed from blood sample measurements of 12
      factors and systolic/diastolic blood pressure successfully predicted suppressor
      or nonsuppressor status in the original and in an independent group of
      psychiatric patients. A comparison group of Cushing's disease patients was also
      successfully reclassified on the basis of the discriminant function. These data
      are interpreted as evidence for a subtle physiological effect of HPA
      dysregulation and suggest that behavioral symptom complexes may be similarly
      shaped by changes in this neuroendocrine system. The long-term functional
      significance of such changes is at present speculative.

PMID- 3857650
TI  - Normal pain sensitivity in patients with panic disorder.
AB  - The pain sensitivity of 18 patients with panic disorder and age- and sex-matched
      controls was assessed by signal detection analysis. The authors failed to
      demonstrate any difference in pain sensitivity between the two groups. The
      relationship between state anxiety, as assessed by the Spielberger scale, and
      pain in panic patients tended to be in the opposite direction from that in
      normals.

PMID- 3857649
TI  - Urinary catecholamines and mitral valve prolapse in panic-anxiety patients.
AB  - Free norepinephrine and epinephrine were measured in two consecutive 12-hour
      urine collections gathered during normal activity and sleep from 23 panic-anxiety
      patients and 9 normal subjects. Mitral value prolapse (MVP) was found in 7 of 20
      patients who had echocardiograms. Mean nighttime norepinephrine and epinephrine
      excretion in panic-anxiety patients without MVP was significantly higher than
      that of control subjects, and was significantly higher than that of anxiety
      patients with MVP. In the daytime, all groups had higher catecholamine (CA)
      levels, but the differences between the groups were less pronounced. Medication
      significantly relieved symptoms and was associated with decreased CA levels.
      Elevated basal CA levels may characterize the subgroup of panic-anxiety patients
      who do not have MVP.

PMID- 3857651
TI  - Effects of antidepressant withdrawal on the dexamethasone suppression test.
AB  - Withdrawal of antidepressant medications may be a source of variance in
      dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results. We investigated this issue
      retrospectively through the serial analysis of postdexamethasone plasma cortisol
      concentrations and clinical severity in 15 patients and 9 control subjects
      before, during, and after antidepressant withdrawal. Postdexamethasone cortisol
      concentrations were significantly higher during the antidepressant withdrawal
      phase. Drug-withdrawal subjects also had an increased frequency of DST
      nonsuppression. Recent withdrawal of antidepressants requires further study as a
      possible source of variance for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal measures.

PMID- 3857652
TI  - Use of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Carroll Self-Rating Scale
      in adolescents.
AB  - The relationship of clinicians' ratings of depression in adolescents to self
      rating is important to clinical research. The Hamilton Rating Scale for
      Depression (HRSD) and the Carroll Self-Rating Scale (CSRS) were compared in a
      study of 81 psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. The correlation of CSRS and
      HRSD total scores in adolescents with melancholic major depression was 0.46,
      lower than the correlation reported in adults (0.80). Higher correlations were
      seen in females and in nonmelancholic and nondepressed subgroups. While the
      comparison of the two rating methods suggests some characteristics of depressed
      adolescents' presentation of their illness, it does not appear that the self
      rating instrument can be used as an alternative to clinicians' ratings.

PMID- 3857653
TI  - The Modified Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression: reliability and validity.
AB  - While the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) has been the standard
      instrument for the assessment of the severity of depression for many years, this
      scale has a number of limitations. We developed the Modified Hamilton Rating
      Scale for Depression (MHRSD) to overcome some of these limitations and to enable
      paraprofessional research assistants to make reliable and valid assessments of
      depressive symptoms. The present study investigates the reliability and validity
      of the MHRSD. Interrater reliability among paraprofessional research assistants
      was excellent. The relationship between the MHRSD and expert clinician ratings on
      the MHRSD and the original HRSD was also high. Thus, the MHRSD appears to be a
      useful addition to the clinical researcher's assessment battery.

PMID- 3857654
TI  - Electrodermal recovery data on children of schizophrenic parents.
AB  - Half-amplitude recovery of electodermal responses is compared in children of
      schizophrenic parents (high-risk subjects) and children of depressed or normal
      parents. The results are dissimilar to those reported by Mednick and colleagues
      on a Danish high-risk sample. No significant differences emerged among the three
      groups in our study. Recovery did not differ according to sex or severity of
      illness of the schizophrenic parent. Recoveries of high-risk subjects separated
      from their homes were not shorter than recoveries of subjects who remained home.
      Recovery time recorded in childhood was unrelated to global adjustment in
      adolescence.

PMID- 3857655
TI  - The severity of psychiatric disorder: a replication.
AB  - A prior report documented the importance of diagnosis and psychotic symptoms as
      components of a global rating of severity of psychiatric disorder. The
      availability of 2-year followup data on 174 (80%) of the original 217 patients
      permits examination of the stability of components of a global rating. Menninger
      Health-Sickness Rating Scale (MHRS) scores again correlated with diagnosis and
      with psychotic symptoms; unlike the initial report, followup MHRS ratings were
      closely associated with a depression-neurosis factor and social role performance.
      Age, race, and sex were independent of severity, while low socioeconomic status
      correlated with severity of illness.

PMID- 3857656
TI  - Cholinergic REM sleep induction response correlation with endogenous major
      depressive subtype.
AB  - We compared central cholinergic responsiveness (using the latency to induction of
      rapid eye movement sleep after arecoline challenge as a response marker) in 90
      subjects: patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 53), nonaffective
      psychiatric controls (n = 17), and normal controls (n = 20). MDD patients as a
      whole showed a supersensitive cholinergic response compared to nonaffective
      patients and normal subjects. Further analysis indicated a strong association
      between cholinergic supersensitivity and endogenous subtype of MDD, including a
      significant correlation with specific endogenous features such as distinct
      quality of mood, anhedonia, lack of reactivity, and agitation. Unlike rapid eye
      movement (REM) latency (a more conventional physiological marker), cholinergic
      sensitivity did not correlate with age or severity of illness but only with the
      presence of endogenous features. Previously described sleep physiological
      correlates such as REM latency and REM density of the first REM period also
      distinguished between endogenous and nonendogenous MDD. There was a statistically
      significant correlation between REM latency and arecoline REM induction response.

PMID- 3857658
TI  - Restoring the occlusal vertical dimension.

PMID- 3857657
TI  - Bulimia: a potentially fatal syndrome.

PMID- 3857659
TI  - The identification of juveniles by means of mucosal tattooing.

PMID- 3857660
TI  - Gingival tattoo. A hitherto undescribed mucosal pigmentation.

PMID- 3857661
TI  - Local tetracycline therapy of the periodontium during orthodontic treatment.

PMID- 3857662
TI  - Difficulties in locating the mesiobuccal canal in molars.

PMID- 3857663
TI  - An in vitro study of the effect of moisture on glass-ionomer cement.

PMID- 3857664
TI  - Pins and their relation to cavity resistance form for amalgam.

PMID- 3857665
TI  - Therapeutic condylar repositioning: fact or fancy?

PMID- 3857666
TI  - The recording and analysis of occlusal contacts: a comparison of conventional
      techniques and a new dye-coated occlusion wafer.

PMID- 3857667
TI  - Three dimensional premaxillary orthopedic technique for improved position and
      symmetry prior to cheiloplasty in bilateral cleft lip and palate patients.

PMID- 3857668
TI  - Successful third party management in the dental practice.

PMID- 3857669
TI  - A modified copper band matrix technique for large amalgam restorations.

PMID- 3857670
TI  - [Proposal for a uniform classification of electronic data processing in the
      dental field].

PMID- 3857671
TI  - [Replantation of retained canines and related orthodontic alignment in the
      maxilla in general dental practice].

PMID- 3857672
TI  - [Interpretation of radiographs].

PMID- 3857674
TI  - [How good? A rebuttal to F. Daschner: "Hepatitis control in dental practice:
      disinfection sprays, inoculation or 70% alcohol?"].

PMID- 3857673
TI  - [Implantometer. An original method for the exact determination of distortion in
      orthopantomograms (OPG)].

PMID- 3857676
TI  - [Motivation problems in orthodontics].

PMID- 3857677
TI  - [Clinical aspects, etiology and therapy of aphthae].

PMID- 3857675
TI  - [Clinical aspects, radiology, and histology of an excised TPS-screw implant. II.
      Radiology].

PMID- 3857678
TI  - [Interpretation of radiographs].

PMID- 3857679
TI  - [Criteria for the selection of office computers (I)].

PMID- 3857680
TI  - [Mobile central storage].

PMID- 3857681
TI  - [Effect of in vivo locally applied fluoride preparations. 2: Studies on the
      comparisons of various application methods and formulations].

PMID- 3857682
TI  - [Treatment of the anxious patient with hypnosis].

PMID- 3857684
TI  - [Recall system].

PMID- 3857683
TI  - [The contribution of the dental assistant to an individual's oral hygiene].

PMID- 3857685
TI  - [Accounting in orthodontic practice (V)].

PMID- 3857686
TI  - [Toothpastes].

PMID- 3857687
TI  - [Bottle cap opener for the alginate mixing container: a useful aid in the
      office].

PMID- 3857688
TI  - [Radiography for dental assistants. Positioning: no book with seven seals--or
      "Give me a firm point"].

PMID- 3857689
TI  - [Information Day in Vordingborg].

PMID- 3857690
TI  - [Prevention of rickets--also protection for undisturbed tooth development].

PMID- 3857691
TI  - [Telephone manners (careful words and good will on hanging up)].

PMID- 3857692
TI  - [Accounting in orthodontic practice (VI)].

PMID- 3857694
TI  - [Which diseases are revealed by the tongue?].

PMID- 3857695
TI  - [Possibilities for the preparation of an aid for a clarinet player after complete
      tooth loss in the upper and lower jaw].

PMID- 3857693
TI  - [Origin and properties of various radiations (I)].

PMID- 3857696
TI  - The clinical history of 402 teeth with Class II amalgam restorations.

PMID- 3857697
TI  - A technique for placing multiple composite restorations.

PMID- 3857698
TI  - [Precious metals and nonprecious metals in fixed prostheses].

PMID- 3857699
TI  - [Dental hygiene and motivation of 250 subjects in a prenatal clinic].

PMID- 3857700
TI  - [Dental composites in the premolar and molar region, 1984].

PMID- 3857701
TI  - Synchronization of rapid globin expression in murine erythroleukemic cells.
AB  - The addition of butyric acid (BA) to murine erythroleukemia cells (MELC) produces
      the expression of primarily A and E2 hemoglobins while DMSO incubation produces
      the expression of primarily A hemoglobin. Preincubation of MELC with DMSO
      followed by BA induction accelerates the expression of hemoglobins in a
      synchronous manner, yielding the preferential synthesis of alpha and y globins,
      and E2 hemoglobin.

PMID- 3857702
TI  - The bootstrap and identification of prognostic factors via Cox's proportional
      hazards regression model.
AB  - This paper describes the use of the bootstrap, a new computer-based statistical
      methodology, to help validate a regression model resulting from the fitting of
      Cox's proportional hazards model to a set of censored survival data. As an
      example, we define a prognostic model for outcome in childhood acute lymphocytic
      leukemia with the Cox model and use of a training set of 224 patients. To
      validate the accuracy of the model, we use a bootstrap resampling technique to
      mimic the population under study in two stages. First, we select the important
      prognostic factors via a stepwise regression procedure with 100 bootstrap
      samples. Secondly we estimate the corresponding regression parameters for these
      important factors with 400 bootstrap samples. The bootstrap result suggests that
      the model constructed from the training set is reasonable.

PMID- 3857703
TI  - Increased leucocyte alkaline phosphatase and transcobalamin III in chronic
      myeloid leukaemia associated with lithium therapy.
AB  - A 38-year-old woman developed chronic myeloid leukaemia after 2 years of lithium
      carbonate therapy. A peculiar feature of her leukaemia, as well as of the 5
      patients previously reported in whom CML has developed in the course of lithium
      therapy, was the unusually high degree of granulocyte maturation manifested in
      normal leucocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) score and, in 1 case, selective
      increase of transcobalamin III. Although a cause and effect relation between
      lithium therapy and CML has not yet been established, in view of the stimulatory
      effect of lithium on granulocyte proliferation, such treatment should be avoided
      in patients with established myeloproliferative disorders, or in patients at high
      risk of developing leukaemia.

PMID- 3857704
TI  - Prognostic value of the determination of serum lactic dehydrogenase and its
      isoenzymes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
AB  - Serum total lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels have been found to be significantly
      higher in 21 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) at initial
      diagnosis than the values of 12 children who achieved remission. The mean value
      of serum LDH levels in patients with high-risk factors was 2347 +/- 1490 U/ml
      (range 430-5460 U/ml), while in patients at standard risk it was 652 +/- 385 U/ml
      (range 110-1320 U/ml). The serum LDH values were above 1320 U/ml in 70% of the 13
      children with high-risk factors. The serum isoenzyme patterns were analyzed in 17
      of these children at the initial diagnosis. Although LDH-3 and LDH-2 were
      prominent at the time of diagnosis; LDH-2 and LDH-1 were the predominant
      isoenzymes in remission. The highest concentrations of LDH-3 were observed in the
      high-risk group at diagnosis and the ratio of LDH-3 to LDH-2 exceeding 1.0 was
      found in children who had high-risk factors, but not in any patients in the
      standard risk group.

PMID- 3857705
TI  - Evaluation of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) activity: untreated myeloid
      leukaemia, lymphoid leukaemia and normal humans.
AB  - Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) activity was estimated in 50 healthy humans
      and 89 patients with leukaemia; 41 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), 22
      cases of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), and 26 cases of lymphoid leukaemia
      (LL). The groups proved to be separate entities (p less than 0.000 25) and the
      differences between the groups were statistically significant (p less than 0.001)
      except for the difference between AML and LL. The 95% confidence limits for
      normal NAP scores were 15.0-132.6. Decreased scores were demonstrated in 73% of
      CML, 7% of AML but never in LL patients. Increased scores were found in 37% of
      AML, 31% of LL but never in CML patients. Evaluation of the distribution of the
      single cell NAP activity (negative, weak positive, strong positive) showed
      decreased activity in 77% of CML, 15% of AML but never in LL patients. Increased
      activity was demonstrated in 63% of AML, 54% of LL and 9% of CML patients. The
      evaluation of single cell activity is a time-saving method, which furthermore
      proved superior to the scoring method in discriminating between the types of
      leukaemia investigated.

PMID- 3857706
TI  - Murine retroviral vectors and human gene therapy.

PMID- 3857707
TI  - [Significance and general application of tissue conditioning].

PMID- 3857708
TI  - [COE-Comfort for lower complete dentures].

PMID- 3857709
TI  - [Tissue conditioning with Visco-gel in upper complete dentures].

PMID- 3857710
TI  - [Tissue conditioning using the Hydro-Cast system].

PMID- 3857711
TI  - [2 cases of advanced periodontal disease--1].

PMID- 3857712
TI  - [Toothbrushing before and after prosthodontic management].

PMID- 3857713
TI  - [My approach to forced eruption].

PMID- 3857714
TI  - [Local administration of amphotericin B (fungizone syrup) in oral candidiasis].

PMID- 3857716
TI  - General dentistry and periodontics.

PMID- 3857715
TI  - [Anti-inflammatory effect of piroxicam (Baxo) in orodental surgery].

PMID- 3857717
TI  - Case of the month. Mucocutaneous bulla.

PMID- 3857718
TI  - How to help your tax preparer save you money.

PMID- 3857719
TI  - I like nervous patients.

PMID- 3857720
TI  - Making good on bad checks.

PMID- 3857721
TI  - [Prostaglandin therapy in newborn infants with a Botalli duct-dependent
      circulation].
AB  - 21 patients are described with either the pulmonary or the systemic circulation
      dependent on the patency of the ductus arteriosus. Treatment with Prostaglandin
      type E (PGE) was instituted to improve tissue oxygenation. Special PGE 2. It is
      concluded that PGE can be life-saving in critically ill newborns but that
      complications, especially episodes of apnoea, are frequent. Little is known about
      the possible sequelae of long-term oral PGE 2-treatment.

PMID- 3857722
TI  - The HLA polymorphisms in Beijing Chinese.

PMID- 3857723
TI  - HLA polymorphisms in Saudi Arabs.
AB  - The HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, Bf and GLO phenotypes of 109 unrelated Saudi Arab males
      have been determined. HLA-A and -B antigen frequencies were compared with data
      reported for European Caucasoids and various Arab populations. Most similarities
      in antigen frequencies were seen between Saudi Arab and Iraqi populations. A high
      frequency of Bw50 was observed in Saudi Arabs. The frequencies of HLA-DR antigens
      in Saudi Arabs were compared to European Caucasoids. HLA-DR7 was at high
      frequency in Saudi Arabs. Linkage disequilibria between alleles of HLA loci was
      examined. Many instances of previously reported antigen associations were seen in
      Saudi Arabs, together with a number of associations which have not been described
      elsewhere. HLA-Cw6-Bw50-DR7-BfS0.7 is suggested as being a common haplotype in
      Saudi Arabs.

PMID- 3857724
TI  - Measurement of the ratio of primary to total bile acids in serum by enzymatic
      fluorometric microassay and its clinical significance in patients with liver
      disease.
AB  - An enzymatic fluorometric microassay using 3 alpha- or 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase was devised to determine serum total or primary bile acids. The
      present microassay using 50 microliter of a serum sample was run as a two-step
      method; the first step is the reaction of substrates with NAD+ and the
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase to produce as much NADH as possible in the
      incubation system and the second step is that of NADH with resazurin coupled with
      1-methoxy phenazinemethosulfate to produce fluorescent resorfin. The assay is
      specific for 3 alpha- or 7 alpha-hydroxy bile acids, sensitive (a detection limit
      of 1.5 microM with a linear range of 1.5-80 microM), reproducible (CV = less than
      5%) and inexpensive. As measured by this microassay, the ratio of serum primary
      to total bile acids (P/T ratio) in 10 normal subjects was 62.1 +/- 0.7% and was
      significantly elevated in the early phase of acute hepatitis (p less than 0.01),
      followed by return to the normal level after 4 weeks.

PMID- 3857725
TI  - Genetic and environmental factors in the development of Behcet's disease.
AB  - Analysis of HLA antigens and case control study were performed in 50 patients
      with Behcet's disease. Frequency of HLA-Bw51 was significantly increased in the
      patients (52.0%) as compared to that in the control subjects (16.0%). In case
      control study, the incidence of tonsillitis, and use of public bath and a privy
      were more frequently seen in the patients than in the controls. The patients were
      frequently exposed to agricultural chemicals before onset of the disease. Daily
      ingestion of vegetable salad and milk was less frequent in the patients than in
      the controls. Heterogeneity of Behcet's disease and results of multivariate
      analysis for selected variables were discussed.

PMID- 3857726
TI  - [Membrane transport research in a lesion of the maxillodental system caused by
      yellow phosphorus].

PMID- 3857727
TI  - [Ultrasonic method for vital amputation of the pulp].

PMID- 3857728
TI  - [Indices of the completion of phagocytosis by neutrophils in the peripheral blood
      of periodontitis and periodontosis patients].

PMID- 3857729
TI  - [Use of thymalin in treating periodontitis patients].

PMID- 3857730
TI  - [Treatment of microcirculatory disorders in periodontitis by d'arsonvalization].

PMID- 3857732
TI  - [Use of a helium-neon laser in facial pains].

PMID- 3857731
TI  - [Combined treatment of trigeminal neuralgia by lidocaine and mumie
      electrophoresis].

PMID- 3857734
TI  - [Quantitative research on the cytological dynamics of the healing of suppurative
      facial and neck wounds].

PMID- 3857735
TI  - [Use of a chloracetophos ointment in the combined treatment of acute odontogenic
      inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial area].

PMID- 3857733
TI  - [Bacterial microflora in acute suppurative odontogenic diseases of the
      maxillofacial area].

PMID- 3857736
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of nonspecific resistance factors in chronic
      parenchymatous parotitis and Sjogren's syndrome].

PMID- 3857737
TI  - [Rare case of Bechterew's disease with a lesion of the temporomandibular joints].

PMID- 3857738
TI  - [New tasks in the further improvement of dental care for the population].

PMID- 3857739
TI  - [Prevention of complications after tooth extraction].

PMID- 3857741
TI  - [Characteristics of the structure of the facial skeleton in open bite].

PMID- 3857740
TI  - [Immunostimulants in the combined treatment of patients with odontogenic
      abscesses and phlegmon].

PMID- 3857742
TI  - [Effect of masticatory efficiency on gastric secretory function].

PMID- 3857743
TI  - [Symmetrographic analysis of the hard palate in orthognathic bite, narrowed
      dental arches and open bite].

PMID- 3857744
TI  - [Prediction of the psychoemotional state of younger schoolchildren during dental
      treatment].

PMID- 3857745
TI  - [Electrical resistance and rheographic indices of the periodontium in children].

PMID- 3857746
TI  - [Hemodynamic changes in the periodontal tissues of children treated for
      alveodental stretching].

PMID- 3857748
TI  - [Congenital dilatations of the parotid excretory ducts in newborn infants].

PMID- 3857747
TI  - [Use of a helium-neon laser in treating oral mucosal diseases in children].

PMID- 3857749
TI  - [Morphological characteristics of distraction of the mandible in an experiment].

PMID- 3857750
TI  - [Results of the analysis of lateral teleroentgenograms of the head before and
      after orthodontic treatment of prognathic (distal) bite using a lidase
      preparation].

PMID- 3857752
TI  - [Status and trends in the development of periodontal care in the Ukrainian SSR].

PMID- 3857751
TI  - [Analysis of morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity based on data from
      the surgical department of a provincial dental polyclinic].

PMID- 3857753
TI  - [Experience in conducting a practical class in the teaching of internal diseases
      to dental students].

PMID- 3857756
TI  - [Wegener's granulomatosis].

PMID- 3857754
TI  - [Treatment of periodontitis by electrophoresis].

PMID- 3857755
TI  - [The physician's procedure in performing local treatment of periodontal
      diseases].

PMID- 3857757
TI  - [Effect of helium-neon laser radiation on the course of temporomandibular joint
      arthritis and arthrosis].

PMID- 3857758
TI  - [Foreign bodies in the maxillofacial area].

PMID- 3857759
TI  - [Treatment characteristics of the distal bite in adolescents].

PMID- 3857761
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems with root fragments in the maxillary sinus].

PMID- 3857760
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the adhesiveness of filling materials based on
      scanning electron microscopic data].

PMID- 3857762
TI  - [Traumatic tooth loss. 2: Impairment of phonetics and mastication due to
      traumatic tooth loss as indication of the degree of physical handicap].

PMID- 3857763
TI  - [Development of the apical base in the mandible during canine tooth eruption-
      teleradiologic longitudinal study in patients treated with functional
      regulators].

PMID- 3857764
TI  - [Effect of film focus distance on selected distance and angle data in
      teleradiography of the head].

PMID- 3857765
TI  - [Gingival recession--etiology, clinical aspects and therapy].

PMID- 3857766
TI  - [Endoscopy of the maxillary sinus. Experiences in the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic
      at the Karl-Marx-University, Leipzig, 1978 to 31 July 1983].

PMID- 3857767
TI  - [Holographic interferometry studies as a supplementary possibility to
      instrumental occlusal analysis].

PMID- 3857769
TI  - Treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment uncomplicated by massive
      periretinal proliferation by pars plana vitrectomy.
AB  - Pars plana vitrectomy was used to treat rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 12
      cases of macular hole and 27 cases with incomplete massive periretinal
      proliferation. The surgical success rate and visual outcome are discussed.

PMID- 3857768
TI  - Underlying medical conditions in young patients and ethnic differences in retinal
      vein occlusion.
AB  - Eighty-seven patients with retinal vein occlusion were investigated for the
      prevalence of associated conditions, and divided in two groups, young (less than
      50 years, n = 40) and an older group (greater than 50 years, n = 47). Young
      patients had a highly significant decreased prevalence of hypertension compared
      to the older group (27 per cent versus 62 per cent: P less than 0.001), with
      hyperlipidaemia being the predominant underlying condition (35 per cent). Four
      young female patients presenting with retinal vein occlusion were on the
      contraceptive pill. In the majority of young patients (60 per cent) an underlying
      medical condition could be identified. Striking ethnic differences in the
      occurrence of retinal vein occlusion have also been observed in a total of 214
      patients referred without prior selection in two major ophthalmological centres
      over a four year period. Only 3 per cent of patients with retinal vein occlusion
      were Asian and 2 per cent of West Indian origin. In particular, no West Indian
      patient has been seen with the central form of venous occlusion. We conclude that
      hyperlipidaemia, and not hypertension, is the predominant associated medical
      condition in young patients and that other aetiological factors including the
      contraceptive pill may be found. Marked ethnic differences have also been
      observed which may give further insight into the exact aetiology of retinal vein
      occlusion.

PMID- 3857770
TI  - Human vitreous fibres and vitreoretinal disease.
AB  - Adult human vitreous structure was studied by dark-field Slit Microscopy in
      fresh, unfixed preparations of vitreous dissected off the sclera, choroid and
      retina. Macroscopic fibres oriented in an antero-posterior direction were
      detected. These fibres inserted at the vitreous base and oriented towards the
      macula. Significant alterations were observed in this vitreous structure with
      advanced age. The role of these structures in vitreo-retinal disease is
      discussed.

PMID- 3857771
TI  - Electrophysiological responses after vitrectomy and intraocular tamponade.
AB  - Earlier reports of changes in the electroretinogram (ERG) following intravitreal
      liquid silicone in animal eyes have been conflicting. There is little information
      on the effects of vitrectomy and intravitreal tamponade by gas or liquid silicone
      on retinal function in humans. The effects on retinal function of intraocular
      tamponade by liquid silicone (1,000 cs) or SF6 gas (20 per cent)/mixture were
      studied in a series of consecutive patients undergoing vitrectomy for recent
      rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Patients without retinal detachment requiring
      vitrectomy served as controls. Serial electroretinography was performed
      immediately preoperatively, postoperatively and subsequently over a period of 6
      months. In the early postoperative period there was a reduction of both a- and b
      waves through these recovered progressively in all the patients. The recovery of
      the ERG was accelerated by the absorption of the gas or by the removal of the
      liquid silicone. The results of our study indicate that the initial depression of
      the ERG is due to vitrectomy and subsequent recovery occurs even in the presence
      of intraocular gas or liquid silicone. It is suggested that the relative
      reduction of the amplitude of a- and b-waves in the study patients is due to the
      insulating effect of the tamponading agent and that neither intraocular gas nor
      liquid silicone adversely affects retinal function.

PMID- 3857772
TI  - Silicone tube and gutter in advanced glaucoma.
AB  - We performed a new drainage operation in 20 cases of advanced glaucoma. A
      silicone tube was inserted into the anterior chamber and its outer end buried
      under an encircling gutter. After a mean follow up of 10 months, in 13 cases (65
      per cent) the eye was comfortable, the intraocular pressure less than 25 mm Hg,
      and the tube was in a satisfactory anatomical position. The authors recommend
      this procedure rather than destructive operations in eyes with advanced
      uncontrolled glaucoma.

PMID- 3857773
TI  - Pupilloplasty in aphakic and pseudophakic pupillary block glaucoma.
AB  - Pupilloplasty has given positive results in 40 out of 45 cases of aphakic and
      pseudoaphakic secondary block glaucoma after one or two laser sessions. Since we
      first applied this method we have arrived at the following conclusions:
      Pupilloplasty must be repeated whenever the reformation of the anterior chamber
      achieved with the first laser session does not persist. [In our instances the
      anterior chamber was successfully reformed at the first session and maintained
      its depth in 30 of the 40 cases. In the remaining 10 cases a second pupilloplasty
      proved necessary 2 to 5 days after the first session (rate of success: 88 per
      cent)]. In the cases in which the anterior chamber was reformed intraocular
      pressure showed certain fluctuations before stabilising at the desired levels.
      The intensity of the laser beam applied in cases of pupillary block with
      pseudophakic anterior chamber should be relatively lower than the intensity used
      in aphakic cases. In order to prevent corneal burns in cases with shallow or
      completely flat anterior chambers the first two laser applications should be of a
      lower beam intensity than usual.

PMID- 3857774
TI  - Clear-cornea trabeculectomy.
AB  - In most reported series of trabeculectomy results a failure rate of 10 to 15 per
      cent is quoted. It seems likely that some, perhaps the majority of these failures
      are due to conjunctival or tenon scarring. If a method of trabeculectomy could be
      devised so that the conjunctiva and tenon's capsule were not injured, the failure
      rate might be reduced. The clear-cornea approach has been developed with this in
      mind. The rational basis, the surgical method and results in a small number of
      cases will be described.

PMID- 3857775
TI  - Cyclosporin A in the treatment of posterior uveitis.
AB  - Cyclosporin A was used in nine patients with severe refractory posterior uveitis.
      Four patients had Behcet's disease, one had sarcoidosis, one had HLA B27 related
      arthritis and uveitis and three had idiopathic retinal vasculitis. The drug had
      beneficial ocular effects in all patients in the early stages of treatment with
      an improvement in the visual acuity and reduction in the severity of
      inflammation. The relapse rate and need for additional steroids were reduced in
      all patients. However, renal function deteriorated in seven patients to such an
      extent that the dose of Cyclosporin A had to be reduced with consequent relapse
      of uveitis.

PMID- 3857776
TI  - Day surgery management of senile ptosis.
AB  - Corrective surgery for senile ptosis under local anaesthesia as day cases was
      carried out on 162 patients. All had 10 to 14 mm resection of the levator complex
      with an attached 2 mm strip of tarsal plate, always via a conjunctival approach.
      If indicated, simultaneous blepharoplasty was also performed. To simplify the
      surgical and parasurgical management, the author has progressively introduced
      modifications in the techniques of local anaesthesia, and in the surgical
      technique. These enable clear and clean isolation of the various tissue planes.
      The local anaesthesia including facial nerve block is given at least 30 minutes
      pre-operatively to prevent blepharospasm. Orbital compression is applied to
      achieve orbital decongestion, and an hypotensive avascular surgical field. This
      coupled with the use of microsurgical instruments for surgery under 3 times
      spectacle magnification allows proper delineation of surgical planes. The average
      surgical time is 20 minutes. Patients are allowed home within 2 hours of surgery,
      are seen for first dressing at 48 hours, and then for suture removal on the 7th
      post-operative day. There have been no corneal or other complications in any
      patient. Suboptimal cosmetic results in 2 patients were corrected by further
      surgery under local anaesthesia as day cases.

PMID- 3857777
TI  - Neodymium-YAG laser in ophthalmic practice--principles and early experience.
AB  - We show our early experience with the Q Switched Neodymium-YAG Laser. Selected
      cases from the clinical spectrum of patients treated over nine months are
      discussed with regard to technique, results and possible complications. We feel
      that the YAG Laser will make an important contribution to ophthalmic care but
      further research and assessment are required before its full value and safety are
      ascertained.

PMID- 3857778
TI  - Correlation of ocular rigidity and blue sclerae in osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - A previous study of 16 patients and 16 controls had indicated that the mean
      ocular rigidity value was significantly lower in Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)
      patients than in normal controls (p = 0.001). These preliminary results have been
      confirmed in the present study of 46 patients and 53 controls where the
      difference in mean ocular rigidity between the patient and control group was
      statistically significant at the p less than 0.0001 level. Of particular interest
      was the inverse correlation between blueness of sclera and ocular rigidity in
      patients with OI. The establishment of such a relationship depended upon the
      availability of a larger sample size than had previously been examined.

PMID- 3857779
TI  - A study of the prevalence of eye disease in the elderly in an English community.
AB  - A randomly selected age-stratified sample of subjects 76 years of age and older
      living in the Melton Mowbray area was examined by an ophthalmologist and an
      ophthalmic optician. Over a two-year period 484 subjects were examined, with a
      response rate of 71.5 per cent. The prevalence rates for the major sight
      threatening conditions in the elderly were determined: senile cataract 46.1 per
      cent, senile macular degeneration 41.5 per cent and open angle glaucoma 6.6 per
      cent. These figures are compared to the results of other epidemiological surveys
      of the elderly.

PMID- 3857780
TI  - The sensitivity of Amsler grid testing in early chloroquine retinopathy.
AB  - Amsler field testing of patients treated with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine
      is simple, rapid, reproducible and sensitive. Amsler testing will readily detect
      small relative paracentral scotomas. Four cases of irreversible bilateral
      scotomas were detected in 8 eyes of 4 patients with normal static and kinetic
      fields in 7 of the 8 eyes. Kinetic and static fields on a subsequent examination
      demonstrated the bilateral paracentral scotomas first detected with the Amsler
      grid.

PMID- 3857781
TI  - The use of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of strabismus.
AB  - Alteration of the position of the eye within the orbit is conventionally achieved
      by surgery on the extraocular muscles; a new method, selective weakening of one
      of the muscles with Botulinum Toxin A is described. Results in the first 85 cases
      treated show that it is a safe, and effective treatment, particularly suited to
      certain cases of strabismus.

PMID- 3857782
TI  - The seed-corn.

PMID- 3857783
TI  - [Biochemically labelled human lymphoblastoid cell line. I. Its karyotypic, growth
      and physiological characteristics].
AB  - A study was made of the properties of human lymphoid cell line RPMI-6410 derived
      from peripheral blood of a patient with acute myeloblastic leukaemia. The
      lymphoblastoid cell line was found to be resistant to 5-brom-deoxyuridine and to
      have a low thymidine kinase activity. The modal chromosome number for RPMI-6410
      is 46-47 XY. The karyotype includes marker chromosomes: two large submetacentrics
      --M1 and M2, and two small acrocentrics--M3 and M4. Ways of marker chromosome
      formation are discussed. The properties of RPMI-6410 line make it possible to use
      it for somatic cell hybridization, in particular, for obtaining hybridoma
      synthesizing human monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3857784
TI  - [Lactic acidosis in non-Hodgkin lymphoma].

PMID- 3857785
TI  - [Clinico-morphological analysis of chemotherapy effectiveness in spontaneous
      hemoblastoses in dogs].
AB  - The paper deals with evaluation of the effectiveness of COP scheme in the
      treatment of spontaneous hemoblastosis in dogs. The results may be used as the
      "datum point" in assessment of the efficacy of newly-developed antitumor drugs.

PMID- 3857786
TI  - [Prostaglandin levels of the plasma and urine of hypertensive patients of
      different ages].

PMID- 3857787
TI  - Nephroscopy.

PMID- 3857788
TI  - Complications of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3857789
TI  - Medical grand rounds. West Virginia University Medical Center. Hyponatremia.

PMID- 3857790
TI  - [Transformation of a myelodysplastic to a myeloproliferative syndrome (chronic
      granulocytic leukemia)].
AB  - A report is presented of the course of a case of the myelodysplastic syndrome
      which transformed after 16 months into Philadelphia chromosome-negative chronic
      granulocytic leukaemia. Such a transformation into the myeloproliferative
      syndrome is considered to be a rare event and some views on the mechanism of this
      metamorphosis are discussed.

PMID- 3857791
TI  - [Theoretical and experimental studies on the technology of external bone fracture
      stabilization].
AB  - The stability of the external fixation unit largely depends on the optimal
      utilization of the possible geometrical arrangement. In view of the vast variety
      range of variants existing for the construction of external fixation units, it
      seems to be essential to present the influences of various parameters for
      instance the distances between Steinmann-pins and Schanz-screws. For various
      typical constructions with external fixation units the stability and load limit
      are disclosed by means of calculations and experiment. Discussions serve to find
      out how the inclination and shifting in the fraction area can be minimalized by
      fixing the Steinmann-pins and Schanz-screws at a suitable point. The solidity of
      the frame and of the fixation of the pins and Schanz-screws are compared between
      the Hoffmann frame and the AO-frame. A simple formula is presented, which serves
      to detect the compressive force resulting from the elastic bending of the
      Steinmann-pins, which can be read from an x-ray for example. It is being
      demonstrated that interfragmentary compression can increase stability ten-fold.
      The load limit of the combination of Steinmann-pins, Schanz-screws and bones
      proves that this combination is liable to be overloaded in the case of unsuitable
      arrangement of the fixation unit. This is then likely to result in a loosening of
      the screws and pins through direct destruction of the bones in this area. Thus,
      it has been possible to find out the ideal arrangement of Steinmann-pins and
      Schanz-screws for the respective kinds of fractures and locations where they
      occur, as well as optimal means of fixing the frame. Guidelines have been
      elaborated, which guarantee an optimal functioning stability of the external
      fixation unit if they are exactly observed and if the operation technique is
      without fault. Drawing direct conclusions from absolute movements and directions
      in the fraction area which have been detected by means of calculations and
      experiment, make it possible to carry out further scientific investigations with
      regard to the problem concerning the necessary extent of the rigidity of an
      osteosynthesis.

PMID- 3857792
TI  - [Microbiologic and clinical significance of cefotiam].
AB  - Modern cephalosporins are of considerable importance for the therapy of severe
      infections by multiresistant organisms. According to in-vitro-findings on
      ampicillin-resistant E. coli as well as Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., and
      serratia spp., altogether 159 strains, instead of cefotaxime nearly always also
      cefotiam can be used. The two remedies are clearly superior to cephalothin.
      cefotiam is ineffective to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. But in this case also
      cefotaxime is clearly inferior to azlocillin. In 6 of 7 casuistic instances the
      clinical effectiveness of cefotiam could be confirmed with good tolerability. The
      contemporary establishment of staph. aureus in mixed infections of
      serratiastaphylococci proved as as particular advantage. A primary therapeutic
      failure referred to a necrotizing pancreatitis, when no causative organism was
      proved, in which case also cefotaxime remained without any effect. Despite the
      improved individual medical possibilities the control of the infectious
      hospitalism by critical administration of antibiotics and improved hospital
      hygiene, particularly strict non-infection, must remain the pre-eminent task.

PMID- 3857793
TI  - [Light microscopic studies of spermatogenesis in rats following the
      administration of a high dose of 13-cis-retinoic acid].
AB  - In an experimental study, we investigated the influence of a toxic dose of 13-cis
      retinoic acid (40 mg per kg body weight daily) on the spermatogenesis of 30
      Wistar rats. 15 rats were killed immediately after 8 weeks application; the
      remaining 15 animals were put to death after another 8 weeks without application.
      A control group of another 20 rats only received physiological salt solution
      daily over a period of 8 weeks. All 30 rats which had been treated with 13-cis
      retinoic acid showed as normal a spermatogenesis in all parts of the testes as
      the 20 control animals.

PMID- 3857794
TI  - [View of the future].

PMID- 3857795
TI  - [Alloys].

PMID- 3857796
TI  - [Tongue as a mirror of systemic diseases (II)].

PMID- 3857797
TI  - [Clinico-radiological studies of the patho-function and patho-structure in
      functional diseases of the temporomandibular joint].

PMID- 3857798
TI  - [Costen's syndrome--new possibilities in diagnosis and therapy?].

PMID- 3857799
TI  - [In vivo measurements to determination the force applied in intraligamentary
      injections].

PMID- 3857800
TI  - [Fear and pain as dominant aspects of dental practice].

PMID- 3857801
TI  - [Indications for functional orthodontic appliances].

PMID- 3857802
TI  - [Indications for fixed orthodontic appliances].

PMID- 3857803
TI  - [Medical responsibility in our time].

PMID- 3857804
TI  - [Plastic filling materials].

PMID- 3857805
TI  - [Adult orthodontic treatment].

PMID- 3857806
TI  - [Release of mercury vapor from dental amalgam under oral conditions].

PMID- 3857807
TI  - [Electrochemical preparation and treatment of the root canals using Depot
      phoresis materials as galvanic post elements].

PMID- 3857808
TI  - [Merfluan dental salt for periodontal prophylaxis].

PMID- 3857809
TI  - [Indications for 3 treatment systems in orthodontics].

PMID- 3857810
TI  - [Indications for removable activator appliances].

PMID- 3857811
TI  - [Sensible prescribing of analgesics in dental practice].

PMID- 3857812
TI  - [No sweetening agent today can take over all the roles of sugar].

PMID- 3857813
TI  - [Caries and candidiasis in the deciduous dentition].

PMID- 3857814
TI  - [Dentistry in space].

PMID- 3857815
TI  - [How can administration in dental practice be made rational?].

PMID- 3857816
TI  - [The medical flood: will it be the explosive charge for the health care system?].

PMID- 3857817
TI  - [The concept of the Bonn clinic is the unique Kojen system].

PMID- 3857818
TI  - [Prevention in health education].

PMID- 3857819
TI  - [Drug-use information increases confidence].

PMID- 3857820
TI  - [Anaerobic bacteria in acute jaw infections].

PMID- 3857821
TI  - [Mineralization differences in dentin stained with methylene blue].

PMID- 3857822
TI  - [Local toxic effect of impression materials].

PMID- 3857823
TI  - [Quality of ceramic surfaces using scanning electron microscopy].

PMID- 3857824
TI  - [Jaw fractures due to gunshot wounds].

PMID- 3857825
TI  - [Clinical observations of tissue emphysema].

PMID- 3857827
TI  - [Behcet's disease: therapeutic results with rifampicin].

PMID- 3857826
TI  - [Psychosomatics and biofeedback for temporomandibular problems].

PMID- 3857828
TI  - [Dynamic arch width of the mandible].

PMID- 3857829
TI  - [Inlay, onlay, overlay].

PMID- 3857830
TI  - [Analysis of the correlation between the dose-response curve for prostaglandin
      F2alpha and the progress of pregnancy, cervix ripening, pharmacologic estrogen
      premedication and Partusisten administration in prostaglandin-induced labor].
AB  - Correlation between sensibility of PGF2 alpha (dose-response) curve and
      parameters of inductibility - duration of gestation, cervix score, application of
      estrogens and Partusisten were investigated. 90 patients in high risk pregnancy
      were observed. It was stated that the sensibility toward of PGF2 alpha is
      reciprocal proportional to the age of pregnancy and cervix score and proportional
      direct to pretreatment of Partusisten. Estrogens don't change the sensibility of
      the uterus to the PGF2 alpha.

PMID- 3857831
TI  - [Differential diagnostic criteria of childhood diseases accompanied by
      hyperkinesias].
AB  - On the basis of a clinical study of 162 patients presenting with ticotic
      hyperkineses as one of their major symptoms of the disease, the conclusion is
      drawn about the staged development of the syndrome in subclinical forms.
      Differential-diagnostic signs allowing the differentiation of Tourette's syndrome
      with simple and neurotic tics are outlined.

PMID- 3857832
TI  - Program of plenary sessions and advance abstracts of short papers: 29. Symposium
      Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Endokrinologie, Gottingen, February 20-23, 1985.

PMID- 3857833
TI  - [Sarcomatous transformation in Paget's disease of bone. Apropos of 3 case
      reports].

PMID- 3857834
TI  - Orthopaedic complications in congenital sensory neuropathy with anhidrosis
      (congenital absence of pain). Report of two cases.

PMID- 3857835
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of sacrococcygeal tumors.
AB  - Five sacral tumors, 2 chordomas, 2 chondro- and/or osteosarcomas and one
      metastasis were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The tumor
      delineation was excellent in all cases, and in several respects superior to CT.
      The signal pattern from the chordoma differed considerably from the other tumors
      suggesting a potential for tumor differentiation with MRI.

PMID- 3857836
TI  - The Hindas hypertension meeting 1984. 12th Nordic Hypertension Meeting. Hindas,
      Sweden, August 30-September 1, 1984.

PMID- 3857837
TI  - Assessment of psychic side-effects of antihypertensive drugs.

PMID- 3857838
TI  - Fetal haemodynamics in pre-eclampsia. Changes during antihypertensive treatment.

PMID- 3857839
TI  - Evidence of the development of delayed-type autoimmunity against arterial vessel
      wall antigens following acute hypertensive damage to arterial vessels in rats.

PMID- 3857840
TI  - Cellular sodium transport in pregnancy induced hypertension.

PMID- 3857841
TI  - Transcapillary forces in normal pregnant women.
AB  - Plasma and interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (COP) and interstitial
      fluid hydrostatic pressure (Pi) were measured in 10 normal pregnant women in
      first and third trimester. Interstitial fluid COP was measured by a "wick"
      technique and Pi by a "wick-in-needle" technique. The COP was significantly lower
      both in plasma and interstitial fluid in the third trimester compared to that in
      the first trimester. However, the fall in COP was more marked in the interstitial
      fluid than in plasma. Only small changes in Pi were observed. Our results support
      the view that reduction of COP in interstitial fluid is a major local edema
      preventing mechanism. This compensates for the increased capillary pressure and
      the hypoproteinemia in late pregnancy. The relatively low interstitial fluid COP
      in third trimester women without edema implies a reduced safety margin against
      edema formation and may explain why 40-80% of normal pregnant women experience
      edema.

PMID- 3857842
TI  - Resistance vessel abnormalities in preeclampsia.

PMID- 3857843
TI  - Hypertension in pregnancy. Analysis of 261 consecutive cases.
AB  - In the years 1969 - 1973, 0.3% of 17000 unselected non-diabetic pregnancies were
      complicated by severe pre-eclampsia, 0.6% by mild pre-eclampsia and 0.6% by
      hypertension in pregnancy. Records from affiliated maternity centers and the
      hospital were studied for these 261 women and for 260 women with matched
      normotensive pregnancies. The women with pre-eclampsia/hypertension in pregnancy
      had higher blood pressure than the control group very early in pregnancy. The
      hypertensive women were more often primiparous and they had a slightly higher
      body weight. The patients with severe pre-eclampsia were older than the other
      women (30.4 vs 25.4 years for controls, p less than 0.001). Immigrants were not
      more commonly found in the hypertensive groups, but unmarried mothers were more
      often seen in the mild pre-eclampsia and pregnancy hypertension groups, 19.1% and
      20.6% respectively compared to 7.7% in the control group (p less than 0.01). A
      family history of hypertension was frequently reported in all groups. The most
      striking characteristic of women with pre-eclampsia/hypertension in pregnancy was
      their elevated blood pressure before or very early in pregnancy.

PMID- 3857844
TI  - Statistical analysis of factors influencing blood-pressure in children and
      adolescents.

PMID- 3857845
TI  - Blood pressure in children, measured at rest and during exertion.

PMID- 3857846
TI  - Blood pressure and response to "stress" in 11-16 year old children.
AB  - Blood pressure at rest and cardiovascular response to "stress" were studied in 27
      girls and 33 boys 11-16 years old. One group (HT, n = 23) had hypertensive
      mothers with a previous hypertensive pregnancy, another group (NT, n = 20) had
      normotensive mothers with a previous hypertensive pregnancy and the control group
      (C, n = 17) had normotensive mothers with normotensive pregnancies. Resting blood
      pressure was 124/71 mmHg (HT), 117/67 mmHg (NT) and 112/65 mmHg in the 3 groups.
      Systolic pressure was significantly different in all 3 groups (p less than 0.05 -
      p less than 0.001). Responses to noise stimulation (100 dBA) were identical in
      all groups with increases in diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure and
      cardiac output. During a video game session increases in blood pressure and heart
      rate were equal in the groups but during physical exercise a slight decrease in
      diastolic blood pressure was seen in the NT and C groups only. Differences in
      blood pressure in children with varying maternal history of hypertension do not
      seem to reflect alterations in the cardiovascular response pattern to "stress".

PMID- 3857847
TI  - Left ventricular dimensions and systolic function in young adults with mild
      hypertension.
AB  - Mean values of ESWS, FFS% and Vcf were increased. Increased performance in the
      face of increased after-load signifies increased cardiac contractility. Increased
      ESWS equals inadequate compensatory hypertrophy. Hence, ESWS is probably not a
      major adjustor of left ventricular free wall thickness.

PMID- 3857849
TI  - Angiotensin II, aldosterone and arginine-vasopressin in exaggerated natriuresis
      of chronic glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3857848
TI  - Rubidium uptake of mononuclear leukocytes from normotensive and borderline
      hypertensive first degree relatives to patients with essential hypertension.
AB  - Uptake of 86Rubidium of mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) was used as a measure of
      cellular sodium-potassium pump activity. 86Rb-uptake was determined with the pump
      stimulated mainly from inside the cells by sodium as well as with a combined
      stimulation from inside by sodium and from outside by Rb. In the first case there
      was an increased pump activity in MNL from borderline hypertensive offspring of
      hypertensive patients (BHO), and this may be related to an increased number of
      pump sites observed previously (10). Estimation of maximal pump activity (Vmax)
      of MNL suggested that Vmax of each pump site in MNL from BHO may be decreased
      compared to control value of MNL from healthy normotensive subjects.

PMID- 3857850
TI  - Angiotensin II natriuresis and antinatriuresis: role of renal artery pressure,
      renal hemodynamics, and tubular reabsorption.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the role of changes in renal artery
      pressure (RAP), renal hemodynamics, and tubular reabsorption in mediating the
      natriuretic and antinatriuretic actions of angiotensin II (AII). In anesthetized
      dogs, endogenous AII formation was blocked with SQ-14225 and AII was infused i.v.
      at rates of 5-1215 ng/kg/min while RAP was either servo-controlled at the normal
      level or permitted to increase. When RAP was servo-controlled to prevent a rise i
      RAP, AII infusion at all rates from 5-1215 ng/kg/min decreased urinary sodium
      excretion (UNaV) and fractional sodium excretion (FENa), while increasing
      fractional reabsorption of lithium (FRLi), an index of proximal tubule fractional
      sodium reabsorption and distal fractional sodium reabsorption (FRDNa): When RAP
      was permitted to increase, AII infusion rates up to 45 ng/kg/min decreased UNaV,
      and FENa, while increasing FRLi and FRDNa. However, at 135 ng/kg/min and above,
      UNaV and FENa increased while FRLi and FRDNa decreased when RAP was allowed to
      rise, even though RBF and FF were not substantially different from the values
      observed when RAP was servo-controlled. Filtered sodium load was slightly higher
      when RAP was permitted to increase during AII infusion, compared to the dogs in
      which RAP was servo-controlled, although the differences were not statistically
      significant. Thus, even very large doses of AII cause antinatriuresis when RAP
      was prevented from increasing. The natriuretic effect of high dose of AII is
      caused by increased RAP which decreases fractional sodium reabsorption in
      proximal and distal tubules and causes slight increases in sodium delivery to the
      tubules.

PMID- 3857851
TI  - Renal function and renal haemodynamics before and after 7 years' antihypertensive
      treatment in men with primary hypertension.

PMID- 3857852
TI  - Behavior pattern A and compliance with antihypertensive treatment.
AB  - An analysis was performed on cross-sectional data on 512 hypertensive patients to
      look at the association of behavior pattern A (coronary prone behavior) and
      compliance with therapy. In a home interview behavior pattern A was assessed by a
      questionnaire (The Bortner scale), compliance by a vignette, and blood pressure
      was measured. Noncompliers showed a higher degree of Type A characteristics, that
      is there was a significant negative association between behavior pattern A and
      compliance (p = 0.02). It is proposed that a new variable, behavior pattern A,
      should be considered in future research on compliance.

PMID- 3857853
TI  - Tumor burden, chemotherapy, and cell kill in osteosarcoma model.
AB  - The complex relationships among tumor cell burden, dose and schedule of
      chemotherapy, and efficacy were investigated in a murine osteosarcoma model in
      which an easily measured marker provided an accurate, dynamic estimate of host
      tumor cell burden. Cytoxan (200 mg/kg) produced a 93.2-99.997% tumor cell kill in
      animals with a pretreatment tumor burden of 0.6-3% body weight. In animals with a
      pretreatment tumor burden of 5.1-10.24% body weight, however, the same dose of
      cytoxan produced less than 1 order of magnitude tumor cell kill (31-71%). A
      schedule utilizing three doses q12 days in animals with a moderate burden of
      tumor (up to 5% body weight) produced a cell kill of six or more orders of
      magnitude with some cures, an event which was more frequent with added
      immunostimulation. A schedule utilizing two doses q20 days in animals with a
      larger body burden (5-10% of body weight) was essentially ineffective. These
      results suggest that a small initial body burden (low stage) and an aggressive
      schedule of treatment are necessary for optimum results in cancer treatment.
      Small delays in initiation of treatment and prolonged intervals between doses can
      convert an effective drug to an ineffective one without the need to invoke
      biochemical mechanisms of resistance.

PMID- 3857854
TI  - Neoplasms arising in Paget's disease of bone: a study of 82 cases.
AB  - Eighty-two cases of neoplasms arising in Paget's disease of bone from the Mid
      America Bone Tumor Registry, accessioned between 1958 and 1983, were reviewed.
      There were 77 osteosarcomas, 3 fibrosarcomas, 1 chondrosarcoma, and 1 giant cell
      tumor. The male/female ratio was 2:1. The age distribution was 18%, 29%, 36%, and
      17% for the groups less than 51 years, 51-60 years, 61-70 years, and greater than
      70 years, respectively. The femur was involved by tumor in 22%; the humerus in
      21%; the pelvis in 21%; the calvarium in 12%; the tibia in 10%; and other bones
      in 15% of the cases. There were 48% survivors after 1 year; 17% after two; and 5%
      after three and five years; two additional patients with tumor lived for more
      than seven and 11 years. Radiographs available for simultaneous study in 43 cases
      revealed predominant tumor patterns that were mixed in 69%, osteoblastic in 21%,
      and osteolytic in 10%. Other radiographic data and the clinical and
      histopathologic data are in agreement with five earlier major studies. While the
      prognosis of neoplasms arising in Paget's disease generally is not good, a small
      fraction of long-term survivors after aggressive therapy makes this complication
      a challenge for timely radiographic diagnosis and histopathologic confirmation.

PMID- 3857855
TI  - Chloroacetate esterase positivity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Chloroacetate esterase (CAE) reactivity is associated with acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia (ANLL) and, to the author's knowledge, has not been reported in acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The authors have identified a single patient whose
      blasts displayed CAE reactivity from a review of 400 newly diagnosed patients
      with ALL. The diagnosis of ALL in this case was based upon morphologic evaluation
      (FAB:L1), presence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), the absence of
      reactivity with myeloperoxidase, and the failure of leukemic blasts to mark with
      a panel of anti-myeloid monoclonal antibodies. Remission was induced promptly
      with standard ALL therapy. This case demonstrates that punctate CAE positivity
      rarely can occur in ALL, and, therefore, CAE is not entirely specific for ANLL.
      The authors conclude that CAE positivity should not be used as a sole criterion
      to diagnose ANLL in the absence of supporting morphologic, cytochemical,
      immunocytologic, or clinical information.

PMID- 3857856
TI  - Gastroenterology and the law.

PMID- 3857857
TI  - Vasculitic leg ulcers in chronic myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - Recurrent bilateral leg ulcers developed in two patients receiving hydroxyurea
      therapy during the chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia. The ulcers were
      extremely painful and were associated with extensive edema and vasculitic
      papules. A small-vessel vasculitis with degeneration of collagen and ulceration
      was seen on biopsy. The ulcers did not respond to treatment with steroids or low
      dose cyclophosphamide but gradually healed with local measures. The possible
      pathogenesis of ulcers in chronic myelogenous leukemia is discussed.

PMID- 3857858
TI  - Familial microcephaly with normal intelligence, immunodeficiency, and risk for
      lymphoreticular malignancies: a new autosomal recessive disorder.
AB  - We describe nine patients with an apparently new genetic disorder characterized
      by: microcephaly with normal intelligence; "bird"-like facial appearance;
      cellular and humoral immune defects; and increased risk for lymphoreticular
      malignancies. The postmortem findings of five patients are described. Chromosome
      instability appears not to be a component of the disorder. The occurrence in
      three pairs of sibs and isonomy in another family suggests autosomal recessive
      inheritance.

PMID- 3857859
TI  - Bulimia: idiosyncrasy or psychiatric disorder?

PMID- 3857860
TI  - Biomechanical design and clinical evaluation of a new canine-retraction spring.
AB  - Use of the sectional arch technique facilitates the creation of an optimal force
      system fulfilling the biomechanical requirements imperative for planned tooth
      movements. Controlled canine retraction, usually in extraction cases, requires
      the creation of a biomechanical system to deliver a predetermined force and a
      relatively constant moment-to-force ratio in order to avoid distal tipping and
      rotation. The responsive couple delivered to the anchorage unit should be
      adjusted in such a way that no single tooth is subjected to unwanted side effects
      and that undesirable changes in the occlusal plane are avoided. On the basis of a
      series of theoretical considerations described in the present report, a canine
      retraction spring was constructed from 0.016 X 0.022 inch stainless steel wire,
      the principal element being a double ovoid loop 10 mm in height. A "sweep" bend
      was incorporated to avoid unwanted side effects at the second premolar. Load
      deflection and moment/force curves were derived experimentally and demonstrate
      the ability of the spring to generate and maintain biomechanical conditions
      necessary for optimal canine retraction (that is, load deflection = 45 gm per
      millimeter of activation, antitip moment/force ratio of approximately 11:1, and
      antirotation moment/force ratio of approximately 7:1). The clinical applicability
      of the spring is demonstrated in the present report by the presentation of two
      treated cases.

PMID- 3857861
TI  - Increase in mandibular and chin projection with orthognathic surgery.
AB  - Three groups of twelve patients, each of whom had a Class II, Division 1
      malocclusion with a markedly convex facial profile and steep mandibular plane,
      were treated by orthodontic means and orthognathic surgery. One group had
      mandibular advancement, another had maxillary elevation, and the third had both
      surgical procedures combined, with genioplasties performed in some cases from
      each group. Changes were studied with the aid of lateral cephalometric headfilms
      taken just after surgery and from 5 to 105 months later. Horizontal changes in
      point B and pogonion after the follow-up period were 7.0 mm and 8.5 mm with
      mandibular surgery, 5.4 mm and 9.3 mm with maxillary surgery, and 10.7 mm and
      16.4 mm with combined surgery. The amount of change is much larger than found
      with orthodontic or orthopedic treatment alone and makes possible the successful
      treatment of very difficult problems.

PMID- 3857862
TI  - Force degradation of orthodontic elastomeric chains--a product comparison study.
AB  - In the last 20 years, synthetic elastic modules have been introduced to the
      orthodontist. However, force decay of these materials has been a clinical problem
      and the purpose of this project was to evaluate the force decay patterns of three
      commercially available elastomeric products--Ormco Power Chain II, Rocky Mountain
      Energy Chain, and TP Elast-O Chain--in a simulated oral environment. Thermal
      cycled samples experienced less force decay over a 21-day period than samples
      stored at 37 degrees C. Furthermore, statistical analysis confirmed that there
      was a highly significant difference (p less than 0.01) between the mean force
      exerted by short modules and long modules for each material. Overall, modules
      producing higher initial forces (short modules) underwent less force decay after
      21 days than did modules producing lower initial force values (long modules). All
      materials exerted 216 to 459 grams of force initially. After 21 days of simulated
      tooth movement, the force exerted by the elastic modules was 70 to 230 grams--a
      significant reduction (p less than 0.001).

PMID- 3857863
TI  - Silhouette profiles in the assessment of facial esthetics: a comparison of cases
      treated with various orthodontic appliances.
AB  - This study uses comparisons of silhouette profiles to determine the effects of
      orthodontic treatment on facial esthetics. Forty-eight white patients with Class
      II, Division 1 malocclusions and mandibular retrognathism were treated, without
      tooth extraction, with the Frankel appliance and by the Begg light-wire, the
      straight-wire edgewise, and the Tweed edgewise methods. One hundred first-year
      dental students selected the profile which they estimated had the best facial
      esthetics and then evaluated this preferred profile as "satisfactory" or
      "unsatisfactory." As more posttreatment than pretreatment profiles were preferred
      for each of the four treatment groups, there was no clear trend in preference
      among the treatment modalities assessed. Percentages of the preferred
      posttreatment silhouettes selected as "satisfactory" ranged from 46 to 55. The
      results support the use of the silhouette in the evaluation of profiles. Also,
      they show the advantage of determining, in surveys of facial esthetics, whether
      or not preferred profiles or faces are "satisfactory" to the viewers. However,
      since it is a simplified representation of a profile, the silhouette is a
      complement to other methods of profile evaluation, not a substitute.

PMID- 3857864
TI  - Patient cooperation in treatment with removable appliances: a model of patient
      noncompliance with treatment implications.
AB  - The uncooperative or noncompliant patient presents a substantial problem during
      treatment with removable orthopedic/orthodontic appliances. Frequently, the
      uncooperative patient is labeled as having a poor or defiant attitude toward
      orthodontic treatment. In contrast to this attitude model of patient
      noncompliance, this article presents an analysis of uncooperative behavior in
      terms of behavior-environment relationships. The authors bring together
      backgrounds of expertise in both clinical psychology and orthodontics. The
      behavioral model presented is applied to clinical orthodontic patients undergoing
      treatment with removable functional appliances. Preliminary research findings
      suggest that the behavioral model described is a successful system for the
      introduction of a removable device to be worn by the patient. The techniques
      described also are useful for the previously uncooperative patient undergoing
      remedial treatment. Another major benefit of using this strategy is found in the
      response of the children's parents. The approach reduces the potential for and
      frequency of parent-child conflicts over dental health. Currently, a small sample
      of children are being treated by the behavioral method. Both parents and patients
      are involved. A specific schedule for wearing of a removable appliance is
      identified, along with parental observations and rewards based on patient
      compliance. Once the youngster is regularly meeting criteria, the program is
      altered to increase the desired response of appliance wear. The behavioral model
      has implications for various aspects of orthodontic care, including the use of
      such appliances as the Frankel, Bionator, headgear, intraoral elastics, and
      proper lip posture. On the basis of this functional analysis of behavior,
      implications for treatment and prevention of noncompliance in orthodontic
      patients are discussed.

PMID- 3857866
TI  - The postcondylar cartilage graft--an evaluation of an alternative surgical method
      for the treatment of retrognathia.
AB  - Postcondylar cartilage grafts were used for 6 years to advance the mandible
      surgically in adolescent patients with retrognathia. Thirty-seven subjects were
      treated; of these, 30 were followed for more than 1 year and have been analyzed.
      Relapse occurred in 9, caused mainly by displacement of the graft. In the stable
      group temporomandibular joint changes were studied. Progressive calcification of
      the graft occurred and a normally functioning joint was established in the
      advanced position. Improvements in surgical technique--in particular, the
      fixation of the graft--produced consistent stability in the later cases.

PMID- 3857867
TI  - Re: Comments on condylar growth of the mandible and orthodontic treatment.

PMID- 3857865
TI  - The accuracy of computerized growth prediction in Class II high-angle cases.
AB  - This study was conducted to test the accuracy of a commercially available
      forecasting system in predicting the effects of growth and orthodontic treatment.
      The pretreatment cephalograms and wax bites of mandibular casts of thirty-three
      consecutively treated Class II patients with high mandibular plane angles, along
      with twenty-six criteria related to treatment preference, were submitted for
      analysis. All patients had already been treated on a nonextraction basis by a
      single practitioner using high-pull face-bow headgear. The computer-generated
      posttreatment predictions or visual treatment objectives (VTO's) were compared to
      the actual posttreatment cephalograms, using twenty-one linear and nine angular
      measurements. Fifteen of the thirty parameters evaluated showed statistically
      significant (P less than 0.01) differences between the actual posttreatment
      result and the computer prediction. The computer was found to be accurate in
      predicting the effects of growth and treatment on maxillary position and
      rotation, mandibular length, upper face height, and incisor positions. It was
      found to be inaccurate in predicting the effects of growth and treatment on
      maxillary length, mandibular rotation, lower anterior and posterior face heights,
      the horizontal and vertical positions of the molars, and over 50% of the soft
      tissue parameters.

PMID- 3857868
TI  - Markers of genetic variation among the Waorani Indians of the Ecuadorian Amazon
      headwaters.
AB  - Until recently, the Waorani Indians of Ecuador's Amazon headwaters maintained a
      fierce resistance to all intruders into their territory, and as a result of their
      actions and reputations a population of 600 people controlled a very large
      territory (about 8,000 square miles). The isolation of the Waorani has resulted
      in a large linguistic and genetic distance from their neighbors. Our survey of
      red cell enzymes, immunoglobulin allotypes, and dermatoglyphics demonstrates that
      the Waorani are a highly inbred and homogeneous population. Of 18 red cell
      enzymes studied, the Waorani have a limited polymorphism for only 6. Only two Gm
      haplotypes (Gm1,2,17,21, Gm1,17,21) were found and 60% of those tested were
      homozygous for the Gm1,17,21 haplotype. All individuals were A2m (1) and 95% of
      these were homozygous. The Waorani's dermatoglyphic traits fell within the wide
      range found among other South American Indians with close affinity to the
      Ecuadorian Jivaro group. Despite the limitations of these genetic systems, they
      demonstrate that the Waorani share limited genetic traits with the neighboring
      Jivaro Indians and are isolated from other tribal populations in South America.

PMID- 3857869
TI  - Mating is random.
AB  - Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was undertaken in 151 unrelated blood donors
      and in 35 normal couples having at least two living children. We compared
      observed and expected sharing of HLA antigens at four loci in normal couples. We
      also compared the observed sharing in couples with the expected sharing in
      unrelated blood donors if taken two by two and with the sharing observed after
      1000 "synthetic matings" of normal couples. No statistically significant
      difference in HLA sharing appeared between these groups. Furthermore no
      differences were observed in the probabilities of sharing individual HLA antigens
      among the different groups. We thus conclude that the observed HLA sharing in
      normal couples is governed by chance alone and that mating is random in our
      population.

PMID- 3857870
TI  - [Effect of various tracheal diameter forms on airway pressure in experimental
      intratracheal injector ventilation].
AB  - Experimental catheter jet ventilation was performed on tracheal models of four
      sizes and six different shapes. Three coaxial jet positions were tested:
      centrally, adjacent to the wall and in a corner of the model. Driving gas
      pressure and size of the jet were kept constant. Airway pressure declines as the
      models increase in size. In the corner position, airway pressure is always less
      than in the centre position. In models with equal cross-section areas, airway
      pressure differs in all other shapes from that of the cylindrical shape. With
      this equipment, airway pressures between 9 and 14 cm H2O were achieved in
      cylindrically-shaped tracheas of a diameter of 15 resp. 20 mm. With the same
      transverse diameters, but with clinically relevant different tracheal shapes and
      jet positions, however, the values may vary from 18 cm H2O to less than 5 cm H2O.

PMID- 3857871
TI  - [Malfunction of equipment by the addition of a bacterial filter in the expiratory
      branch of the respiratory circuit].
AB  - The addition of a continuous Flow System to the circuit of a volume cycled
      respirator results in an additional IMV option and shows excellent performance
      for this purpose. The insertion of a bacterial filter into this modified circuit
      resulted in a dangerous increase of airway pressures after 54 "running hours" for
      that filter. Test series revealed an insufficient air transmission through the
      filter, caused by the water vapour-saturated inspiratory gas mixture, which is
      necessary in long term ventilation. Furthermore it was demonstrated that wet
      bacterial filters cause malfunction of SIMV systems due to interference with the
      demand valve responsible for proper air supply. The routine use of a bacterial
      filter placed in the expiratory branch results in higher risks in an already
      risky artificial ventilation system and use-nonuse relationships seem to be
      questionable.

PMID- 3857872
TI  - Action of surface-active agents on arylsulfatase-C of human cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - Arylsulfatase-C is a microsomal membrane-bound enzyme with unusual biochemical
      and genetic properties. Whether it is a single enzyme hydrolyzing different
      sterol sulfates or a complex of enzymes, with each enzyme hydrolyzing a specific
      substrate, has not been resolved. Its locus has been mapped to the human X
      chromosome but appears to escape inactivation. As a first step to clarify its
      biochemical properties, a systematic search was undertaken for a suitable
      detergent that can release this enzyme from human cultured fibroblast membranes
      in a form that is biologically active and electrophoretically mobile. Four non
      ionic (Triton X-100, Nonidet P-40, Digitonin, and saponin) and four amphoteric
      (lysolecithin, Zwittergent, Miranol, and Chaps) detergents were studied. At 1%
      concentration, they released more than 80% of the activity into a low-speed
      supernatant fraction, except for Saponin which had no effect. With Triton X-100
      and Miranol representing the two groups of detergents, significant release
      occurred only when the detergent concentrations exceeded their respective
      critical micelle concentrations, thus indicating that arylsulfatase-C is an
      integral membrane protein. The apparent molecular weight of the detergent-enzyme
      complex, ascertained by gel filtration, was 85,000 in the presence of Triton X
      100 and 335,000 in the presence of Miranol. However, only the preparation
      solubilized by Miranol (and Chaps, to a lesser degree) permitted migration of the
      enzyme in nitrocellulose acetate during electrophoresis at pH 7.0, while the
      enzyme extracted with all other detergents remained at the origin. Therefore, the
      amphoteric detergent, Miranol, appears to fulfill the requirements for further
      characterization of the membrane-bound arylsulfatase-C in human cultured
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 3857873
TI  - [Metabolic criteria of the effective treatment of acute renal failure with
      prostaglandin E2].

PMID- 3857874
TI  - Pain and the diagnostic process: conceptions and misconceptions.
AB  - Pain may be considered a diagnostic alarm that acknowledges but usually fails to
      determine the etiology of a particular clinical problem. Diagnosis thus involves
      the extraction of additional information from a patient in order to determine
      rational bases for treatment. The process is ill-defined and fraught with error
      unless the diagnostician is aware of all and only the relevant diagnostic
      alternatives. This list of alternatives plus an appreciation of the likelihood of
      each possible diagnostic outcome determines the fastest rate that diagnostic
      information can be processed by any system in the absence of unpredictable events
      called noise. Human diagnosticians must be fluent in the "language" used to
      convey the desired information if performance is to be optimized. In general this
      involves restructuring the diagnostic task into smaller pieces which are easier
      to digest perceptually. One way to accomplish this is to ignore or eliminate
      patterns which are either irrelevant or occur so rarely (or so commonly) that
      they usually have negligible impact on diagnostic performance. The utility of a
      diagnosis is determined ultimately by the degree to which it influences the
      health and well-being of both the patient and society at large. Hence, the
      consequence of a particular disease may offset the low diagnostic yield per
      examination resulting from a low or high prevalence of the disease. When
      diagnostic patterns are limited by ignorance to only signs and/or symptoms such
      as pain, the diagnostic process loses its meaning and treatment decisions are
      compromised necessarily by uncertainty.

PMID- 3857875
TI  - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome as a cause of temporomandibular joint disorders.

PMID- 3857876
TI  - Dental anesthesiology and issues of practice, politics and education.

PMID- 3857877
TI  - Behavioral and psychosocial factors in chronic craniofacial pain.
AB  - Patients with chronic pain have a multifactoral problem that exhibits both
      physical and psychosocial symptoms. Evaluation includes determination of the
      physical diagnosis and psychosocial contributing factors on an equal and
      integrated basis. Contributing factors include any factor that plays a role in
      initiation and perpetuation or results from and thus, complicates the problem.
      Management follows with both reduction of contributing factors and treatment of
      the diagnosis. Contributing factors are classified as biological, behavioral,
      social, cognitive, emotional, and environmental. Individual factors in each group
      for chronic craniofacial pain are reviewed.

PMID- 3857878
TI  - Regulation of nitrogenase activity by covalent modification in Chromatium
      vinosum.
AB  - Nitrogenase in Chromatium vinosum was rapidly, but reversibly inhibited by NH4+.
      Activity of the Fe protein component of nitrogenase required both Mn2+ and
      activating enzyme. Activating enzyme from Rhodospirillum rubrum could replace
      Chromatium chromatophores in activating the Chromatium Fe protein, and
      conversely, a protein fraction prepared from Chromatium chromatophores was
      effective in activating R. rubrum Fe protein. Inactive Chromatium Fe protein
      contained a peptide covalently modified by a phosphate-containing molecule, which
      migrated the same in SDS-polyacrylamide gels as the modified subunit of R. rubrum
      Fe protein. In sum, these observations suggest that Chromatium nitrogenase
      activity is regulated by a covalent modification of the Fe protein in a manner
      similar to that of R. rubrum.

PMID- 3857879
TI  - Reversible and irreversible inactivation of cellular nitrogenase upon oxygen
      stress in Azotobacter vinelandii growing in oxygen controlled continuous culture.
AB  - Azotobacter vinelandii growing in oxygen controlled chemostat culture was
      subjected to sudden increases of ambient oxygen concentrations (oxygen stress)
      after adaptation to different oxygen concentrations adjustable with air (100% air
      saturation corresponds to 225 +/- 14 microM O2). Inactivations of cellular
      nitrogenase during stress (switch off) as well as after release of stress (switch
      on) were evaluated in vivo as depending on stress duration and stress height
      (delta pO2). Switch off was at its final extent within 1 min of stress. The
      extent of switch off, however, increased with stress height and was complete at
      delta pO2 between 8-10% air saturation irrespective of different oxygen
      concentrations the organisms were adapted to before stress, indicating that
      switch off is adaptable. Inactivation of nitrogenase measureable after switch on
      represents irreversible loss of activity. Irreversible inactivation was at its
      characteristic level within less than 3 min of stress and at a delta pO2 of less
      than 1% air saturation. The level of irreversible inactivation increased linearly
      with the oxygen concentration the organisms were adapted to before stress. Thus
      adaptation of cells to increased oxygen concentrations did not prevent increased
      susceptibility of nitrogenase to irreversible inhibition during oxygen stress.
      The fast response of irreversible inactivation at low stress heights suggests
      that it takes place already during stress. Thus switch off comprised both a
      reversible and an irreversible phase. The data showed that reversible
      inactivation of nitrogenase was less susceptible to oxygen stress than
      irreversible inactivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3857880
TI  - [Prostaglandin F2 alpha (Enzaprost) in the therapy of sterility in cattle].

PMID- 3857881
TI  - Enzymatic detoxification using lipophilic hollow-fiber membranes: II. Sulfation
      reactions.
AB  - A lipophilic hollow-fiber technique was used in the enzymatic sulfation of
      lipophilic toxins. Endogenous and exogenous toxins, for which glucuronidation
      reactions already were demonstrated with this technique, were submitted to
      sulfate transferase reaction as an alternative phase-II detoxification route.
      Native enzyme was circulated on the external side of a lipophilic hollow-fiber
      membrane while the toxin-containing media (serum or aqueous solution) were
      circulated inside the hollow fiber. Sulfation reactions were catalyzed by rabbit
      liver cytosol, with a specific sulfate transferase activity of 626 nmol/min-mg
      protein. Clearance of the hollow-fiber module for phenol, p-cresol, paracetamol,
      2-aminophenol, and 5-hydroxyindol were determined to be 38.1, 47.2, 2.7, 5.3, and
      3.2 pmol/mg protein/h/cm2 hollow-fiber surface, respectively. This technique
      allows sulfation reactions with crude enzyme preparations over long periods
      without loss of activity from covalent immobilization and without immunological
      hazards.

PMID- 3857883
TI  - The relationship between differences in regional growth rates and changes in
      shape during human fetal craniofacial growth.
AB  - Large differences in growth rates between various craniofacial regions have been
      reported but have not distinguished between absolute and relative rates.
      Measurements on 60 fetuses, 49-212 mm crown-rump length, showed that absolute
      growth rates correlated highly with size of the craniofacial region measured (r =
      0.9996, p less than 0.001) but were unrelated to changes in shape and relative
      proportion. By standardizing for size, absolute growth rates were converted into
      relative growth rates which correlated with changes in relative proportion and
      thus shape (r = 0.785, p less than 0.001).

PMID- 3857882
TI  - Three-dimensional network of microtubules in secretory ameloblasts of rat
      incisors.
AB  - Secretory ameloblasts appear to contain isolated microtubules and microtubules
      arranged in bundles associated with filaments or sheets of filaments. The
      relation between isolated and bundled microtubules in secretory ameloblasts was
      investigated by serial sections. Some isolated microtubules entered microtubule
      bundles in adjacent sections. Microtubules which diverged from a bundle sometimes
      converged into another bundle in other sections. Microtubules were associated
      with filaments or sheets of filaments for varying distances. It is concluded that
      isolated microtubules frequently form bundles by joining with other microtubules,
      and thus, microtubules make a three-dimensional network throughout the whole
      cytoplasm which is probably concerned with the transport of secretion granules.

PMID- 3857885
TI  - Cephalometric analysis of condylar adaptations to altered mandibular position in
      adult rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta.
AB  - Morphological adaptation to altered position of the mandible was investigated in
      19 young adult rhesus monkeys (n = 10 experiment and 9 control). The experimental
      animals had a bite-splint cemented to the maxillary dentition which opened the
      bite interincisally by 15 mm and was worn continuously for 48 weeks. Lateral
      radiographic cephalograms were taken prior to the experiment and at 12-week
      intervals thereafter. Computerized cephalometry, facilitated by the use of radio
      opaque bone markers, was used to assess changes in mandibular position and
      morphology. An immediate effect of the bite-splint was the clockwise rotation
      (opening) of the mandible and anterior translation of the condyle on the
      articular eminence, much as occurs normally during jaw depression. During the
      next 48 weeks, the mandible (1) rotated anti-clockwise (closed) due mainly to
      antero-superior displacement of the maxilla and intrusion of the mandibular
      dentition and (2) underwent a significant increase in length (p less than 0.05).
      These findings indicate that the mandibular condyle of young adult monkeys is
      capable of small, but biologically significant, compensatory growth after
      displacement.

PMID- 3857884
TI  - Surfactant-induced increases of permeability of rat oral mucosa to non
      electrolytes in vivo.
AB  - The effect of non-ionic, cationic and anionic surfactants on non-electrolyte
      permeability of rat oral mucosa in vivo was tested. The surfactants caused an
      increase in mucosal permeability to oil-soluble compounds and small and large
      water-soluble compounds. The effect was concentration-dependent, and both the
      cationic and anionic surfactants were more potent than the non-ionic compounds.
      Surfactant-treated tissue showed widening of the stratum corneum due to
      separation of layers and loss of surface layers. Measurement of the permeability
      to sodium lauryl sulphate indicated that this anionic surfactant produced damage
      to the permeability barrier.

PMID- 3857886
TI  - Age-related and 224Ra-induced abnormalities in the teeth of male mice.
AB  - A high incidence of incisor abnormalities was found in aged control and aged
      224Ra-treated male CBA mice. Visual examination of the abnormalities in both
      controls and treated mice revealed extreme shortening of the upper incisors and
      hypoplastic, grooved or undulating enamel. The administration of 865 or 1730 nCi
      of 224Ra hastened the onset of incisor abnormalities although no specific feature
      was attributable solely to radium toxicity. Radiography and histology revealed
      corrugated incisors, obliteration of the pulp cavity, extension and disorganized
      growth of incisors basally, secondary incisors, open pulp and fractures within
      the alveoli. There was a statistically-significant reduction in the number of
      molars present in animals given 432, 865 or 1730 nCi 224Ra.

PMID- 3857887
TI  - Bite-force variation related to occlusal variation in rural and urban Punjabis
      (North India).
AB  - Occlusal variation from defined norms was much less in traditional rural youths
      eating a rough unprocessed diet. Bite forces were significantly higher in the
      rural youths; their habitual harder chewing may help to being about their better
      occlusal development. Rural youths showed stronger increase with age and sex
      dimorphism than urban youths in bite force; thus, rurally the development of
      masticatory and facial structures may depend on functional masticatory demand.

PMID- 3857888
TI  - Evolutionary trends of the histological pattern in the teeth of Edentata
      (Xenarthra).
AB  - In a comparative study of the dental structure of Edentata, the central tissue
      was identified as a modified orthodentine, except in the Glyptodontidae where an
      osteodentine was found. Some evolutionary trends of the tissues in these teeth
      may have been related with the extinction of ground sloths. Comparative studies
      of the tissues in mammalian teeth seem to be good tests for systematics.

PMID- 3857889
TI  - The size of permanent teeth in Klinefelter (47,XXY) syndrome in man.
AB  - The permanent teeth tended to be larger than normal in a group of 77 males with
      the syndrome, indicating that the presence of an extra X-chromosome has a growth
      promoting effect which operates from early in development.

PMID- 3857890
TI  - The relationship between the number of the bacterium Streptococcus mutans at
      discrete sites on the dentition of macaque monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and the
      subsequent development of dental caries.
AB  - Sixteen consecutively-born monkeys were used in a longitudinal study to determine
      the changes occurring in the total number of bacteria in the palatal grooves of
      the upper left first deciduous molar teeth, following the introduction of a
      sucrose-based diet. The total number of bacteria recovered from the grooves
      increased significantly following the diet change. Twenty-nine days after the
      diet change, the number of Streptococcus mutans had increased from a median value
      of less than 10(2) to approx. 10(7) per groove, and the number of Streptococcus
      sanguis decreased. These changes in the number of Strep. mutans occurred prior to
      the detection of dental caries. Grooves that became carious harboured
      significantly more bacteria and more Strep. mutans than did grooves remaining
      caries-free six months after the diet change.

PMID- 3857891
TI  - Inhibition of [3H]-thymidine uptake in human gingival fibroblasts by extracts
      from human dental plaque, oral bacteria of the Streptococcus and Actinomyces
      species.
AB  - Extracts from human dental plaque, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus
      salivarius, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces israelli
      and Actinomyces odontolyticus inhibited [3H]-thymidine uptake by primary human
      gingival fibroblast cell lines as previous work has shown in respect of HeLa
      cells. The results show that a variety of oral bacteria, not usually considered
      to be periodontal pathogens, elaborate factors that adversely affect fibroblasts.

PMID- 3857892
TI  - The relationship between antigenaemia and excretion of hepatitis B surface
      antigen in human whole saliva and in gingival crevicular fluid.
AB  - Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in whole saliva and in gingival
      crevicular fluid of 28 (90 per cent) of 31 seropositive patients. No correlation
      was found between the presence of the antigen and blood in saliva or with the
      gingival state of health. Thus, HBsAg appears to reach saliva via the crevicular
      fluid.

PMID- 3857893
TI  - Bite force and masseter muscle electromyographic activity during onset of an
      isometric clench in man.
AB  - The surface electromyogram (EMG) of the masseter muscle and interocclusal force
      were recorded in six human subjects during fast and slow clenches. The simple
      linear force/EMG relation that applies for steady bite-force levels was
      inadequate to explain their relationship under conditions of changing force: a
      second component of force, its rate of change, was necessary. EMG/force equations
      for fast and slow clenches were broadly similar. The rate of change factor may
      account for the apparent EMG/force lag observed in earlier studies.

PMID- 3857894
TI  - Non-linear amplification of electromyographic signals with particular application
      to human chewing.
AB  - A method is described for logarithmically-amplifying electromyographic signals so
      that the most commonly-occurring events within them are enhanced selectively
      before digital conversion. There is a need to resolve low and intermediate levels
      of activity during chewing, while preserving the occasional high-level responses.
      Besides achieving a higher resolution in subsequent digital sampling, this signal
      processing technique increased the representation of low and intermediate
      activities in polygraphic displays. It further ensured that signals were
      presented to the A/D converter within the code width of the instrument.

PMID- 3857895
TI  - The effects of preventing movement of the rat incisor on the structure of its
      periodontal ligament.
AB  - A quantitative, ultrastructural study was made on the periodontal ligaments of
      rat mandibular incisors immobilized for 18 days. Fibroblasts and their organelles
      (i.e. endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, microtubules, microfilament bundles,
      lysosomes, intracellular collagen profiles and intercellular contacts), oxytalan
      fibres, collagen fibrils and ground substance were quantified. There was re
      orientation of tissue at the lateral borders of the ligament and an apparent
      increase in size of epithelial cell rests. Within the matrix, the mean collagen
      fibril diameter decreased and the amount of ground substance increased. No change
      occurred in oxytalan fibres. Within the cells, effects were seen only in cell
      contacts and in the relative volume of intracellular collagen, lending no support
      to the view that fibroblast activity generates the force responsible for tooth
      eruption.

PMID- 3857896
TI  - Sex differences in the effect of extirpation of the submandibular salivary glands
      in rats.
AB  - Because of the known interaction between the endocrine system and the structure
      and function of submandibular glands, the effects 3 months after extirpation of
      these glands in male and female rats were studied including the following
      parameters: change of body weight, sexual maturity (in females), sexual behaviour
      (in males), blood sugar, total proteins, haematocrit, the weight of various
      glands and oxygen uptake of various cerebral and glandular structures. The
      response in the two sexes was in each case different.

PMID- 3857897
TI  - The relationship between the bacterium Streptococcus mutans in the saliva and
      dental caries in children in Mozambique.
AB  - Four hundred and sixty-two children, aged 10-14 years, from eight areas were
      examined for Streptococcus mutans in saliva and for dental caries. Strep. mutans
      strains from some samples were further characterized by serological and
      biochemical methods. Strep. mutans was identified in 98 per cent of the children
      and 40 per cent showed high counts. Serotypes c and d dominated among the
      strains. The distribution of Strep. mutans among the children varied between the
      eight areas but was not correlated with the difference in caries prevalence which
      ranged from 38 to 88 per cent. In individual children, however, there was an
      association between high counts of Strep. mutans and the presence of dental
      caries. Thus, Strep. mutans can be widely distributed and occurs in high numbers
      in a population with a low prevalence of caries.

PMID- 3857898
TI  - Clearance of glucose and sucrose from the saliva of human subjects.
AB  - The ability of 20 healthy people to clear test solutions of sucrose (0.73 M) and
      glucose (1.4 M) from the mouth was examined. Both sugars were cleared within 20
      min in a two-step manner. Rapid clearance occurred between 0 and 6 min; much
      slower clearance occurred thereafter. It took 7.2 min with glucose and 6.3 min
      with sucrose for the saliva-sugar concentration to fall to 1 mg/ml. Salivary
      flow, stimulated during sugar exposure, decreased in a two-step pattern similar
      to sugar clearance. Evidently, clearance was dependent on the rate of flow of
      saliva which took about 1 h to return to its resting flow level. Comparison of
      the pattern of sugar clearance to the Stephan curve (the rapid pH fall followed
      by a slow pH rise seen after rinsing with sugar solutions) indicated that the pH
      fall phase of the curve occurs during the initial period of rapid sugar clearance
      and salivary flow, and the pH-rise phase occurs during the subsequent period of
      slower clearance and slow saliva flow. Comparison with the data of Swenander
      Lanke (1957) [Acta odont. scand. 15, 3-156], indicated that the clearance of
      sugar solutions also reflects the clearance of sugar-containing solid foods from
      the mouth.

PMID- 3857899
TI  - Effects of compressive forces on proliferation and matrix synthesis in mandibular
      condylar cartilage of the rat in vitro.
AB  - The cartilage from 4-day-old rats were exposed to continuous and intermittent
      compressive forces. Proliferative activity and matrix synthesis in vitro were
      determined by measuring the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine, [35S]-sulphate and
      [3H]-proline by autoradiography and liquid-scintillation counting. The findings
      suggest that a continuously-applied force of approx. 0.5 g stimulated
      proliferation in the condylar cartilage but reduced the synthesis of the
      sulphated glycosaminoglycans and collagen. A stimulatory influence on the
      synthesis of these matrix components, on the other hand, was observed when the
      condylar cartilage was exposed to an intermittent force (0.7 Hz) of approx. 0.5
      1.0 g; this intermittent force, however, reduced the proliferative activity. It
      appears that, at least in vitro, the basic growth processes in the condylar
      cartilage can be regulated by compressive forces.

PMID- 3857900
TI  - An in-vitro system for studying the effect of variable compressive forces on the
      mandibular condylar cartilage of the rat.
AB  - An in-vitro system enabled variable range of continuous and intermittent
      compressive forces to be applied to the cartilage of 4-day-old rats under serum
      free culture conditions. A continuous compressive force below 3 g did not affect
      the growth of the cartilage; when the force exceeded 3 g, growth ceased. Under an
      intermittent compressive force up to 8 g, growth continued, but at a lower rate;
      over 8 g, growth ceased. When growth-restricting compression was removed or
      reduced, growth was reactivated until a new balance was achieved. The normal
      architecture of the different zones was altered in the non-compressed in-vitro
      controls, but not in cultured cartilage during the application of these
      compressive forces.

PMID- 3857901
TI  - Measurement of blood flow in the oral mucosa and skin of the rhesus monkey using
      radiolabelled microspheres.
AB  - Fifteen micrometres radiolabelled dextran spheres were injected into three adult
      monkeys; after measuring reference flows, the animals were killed and biopsies
      were taken from skin and 15 oral mucosal regions. These were weighed, the
      radioactivity counted and a blood flow calculated as ml/min per 100 g tissue; the
      area and volume of each biopsy were also determined and blood flows re-calculated
      on a per area and per volume basis to determine the effect of changing the method
      of expressing flow. The flow to the different oral regions did not show any
      significant differences in rank order when expressed on these different bases.
      Four regions, maxillary and mandibular free gingiva and anterior and posterior
      dorsum of tongue, showed significantly higher blood flows than all other regions;
      skin showed a lower flow than the majority of oral regions and palate the lowest
      of all regions.

PMID- 3857902
TI  - In-vitro acid production by the oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans 10449 in
      various concentrations of glucose, fructose and sucrose.
AB  - At intermediate and high concentrations, the results with the sugars were
      similar, with lactic acid as the main end product. Over 4 h, the pH fell from
      approx. 7 to 4. At low monosaccharide concentrations (2 mM glucose, 2 and 5 mM
      fructose), after an initial pH drop and period of lactic-acid production,
      evidence of pH rise and lactic-acid consumption were noted. This did not happen
      when sucrose was added to the bacteria. There was evidence of a heterolactic-acid
      fermentation pattern at low-sugar concentrations, lactic, acetic and formic acids
      being produced in similar amounts. The results suggest that, when low-sugar
      concentrations are present in dental plaque, Strep. mutans is capable of
      consuming previously-formed lactic acid.

PMID- 3857903
TI  - Serum antibodies against oral Streptococcus mutans in young children in relation
      to dental caries and maternal close-contacts.
AB  - Thirty-six children aged 2.6-4.9 years were studied with respect to dental
      caries, Streptococcus mutans counts in dental plaque, and the estimates of total
      amount and avidity of serum IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies against Strep. mutans
      10449, serotype c. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.49, p less than
      0.01) was found between the number of Strep. mutans and caries-index in children.
      Two children with dental caries had no oral Strep. mutans. In median tests, high
      antibody titre and avidity of serum IgG antibodies against Strep. mutans were
      associated (p less than 0.05) with low counts of Strep. mutans. No such
      relationship was found with IgM or IgA antibodies. Children who had had frequent
      maternal close-contacts in their first year had significantly more (p less than
      0.05) IgG antibodies against Strep. mutans than children with rare close
      contacts.

PMID- 3857904
TI  - Infectivity and natural transmission of the bacterium Streptococcus mutans in
      monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) at different ages.
AB  - Oral inoculation of adolescent monkeys with laboratory strains of Streptococcus
      mutans resulted in only sporadic implantation. Oral colonization of all strains,
      except possibly one, was not enhanced by dietary sucrose compared with glucose
      nor by precleaning of accessible tooth surfaces. Infant animals were more
      susceptible to implantation by laboratory-maintained strains of Strep. mutans
      than adolescent or adult animals. This difference was magnified when in-vivo
      maintained Strep. mutans strains were used. Strep. mutans was readily acquired by
      uninfected adolescent animals from infected cage mates. Strep. mutans-free
      adolescent monkeys exhibited significant-salivary IgA and serum-IgG response to
      Strep. mutans antigen, possibly representing a cross-reaction to indigenous
      Streptococcus sanguis. Uninfected infant animals showed no salivary or serum
      response to Strep. mutans. There was no change in salivary IgA antibody to Strep.
      mutans in adolescent animals after implantation or in recipient animals after
      acquisition of Strep. mutans.

PMID- 3857905
TI  - The movement of radioactive molecules across dentine in vivo in the dog.
AB  - Using a technique for measuring the movement of circulating molecules across the
      odontoblast-dentinal complex, the movement of water and alpha-aminoisobutyric
      acid through dentine and into a flow cell prepared on the tooth is described. The
      movement of water depended on dentine thickness, and varied from 0.40
      microliter/min per cm2 in a flow cell overlying an average thickness of 0.74 mm
      of dentine, to 1.23 microliter/min per cm2 in a flow cell with a dentinal floor
      of 0.40 mm average thickness. The data suggest that alpha-aminoisobutyric-acid
      concentrations were lower in dentinal fluid than in blood plasma.

PMID- 3857906
TI  - Inhibition by cocoa extracts of biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharide by
      human oral bacteria.
AB  - Extracts of defatted cocoa inhibited the biosynthesis of extracellular
      polysaccharide by both cell-free and cell-associated streptococcal
      glucosyltransferases, but did not affect growth or acid production. Both water
      insoluble and water-soluble polysaccharide syntheses were inhibited, and the net
      result was a shift away from adherence-supportive polysaccharide. Inhibition was
      non-competitive with respect to sucrose. The inhibition of polysaccharide
      biosynthesis was observed also with Actinomyces species. The findings suggest
      that the inhibitory effects of cocoa on plaque accumulation and caries formation
      are due to inhibition of bacterial polysaccharide production.

PMID- 3857907
TI  - The effects of heat inactivation, tortuosity, extracellular polyglucan and ion
      exchange sites on the diffusion of [14C]-sucrose in human dental plaque residue
      in vitro.
AB  - Human dental plaque, accumulated for up to 24 h in vivo was packed into
      polyethylene tubing (0.5 mm, i.d.) by centrifugation at 5000 g for 15 min at 4
      degrees C. [U-14C]-sucrose and carrier sucrose were diffused horizontally from
      one end and after 6 h, the [14C]-sucrose profile along the tube was quantified by
      liquid-scintillation counting and a diffusion coefficient was calculated.
      Compared with water, dental plaque significantly retarded the diffusion of
      sucrose. In live plaque, retardation of sucrose was less than in killed plaque,
      due to metabolism of sucrose to faster-diffusing species. Increasing the plaque
      tortuosity by increasing the centrifugal force used for packing reduced the
      diffusion rate further. Experimental conditions which increased the
      concentrations of water-insoluble, ethanol-precipitable extracellular glucan,
      EPG, in the plaque effected a reduction in the diffusion rate of sucrose. In
      contrast, an increase in EPG in batch cultures of Streptococcus mutans, serotype
      c, was associated with an increased rate of diffusion. The presence of ion
      exchange sites did not affect the diffusion of sucrose in Sephadex gel models
      although the tortuosity of their pore structure resulted in a 6.5-fold reduction
      in the diffusion rate compared with water. Thus the retardation of the diffusion
      of sucrose in dental plaque is largely explained by the tortuosity of the
      available diffusion channels and the retardation of diffusion effected by EPG is
      probably of greater significance in older, thicker and more tightly-packed dental
      plaque.

PMID- 3857908
TI  - A method for radiographic longitudinal study of mineral content during in-vitro
      demineralization and remineralization of human tooth enamel.
AB  - The combination of X-ray-radiography with digital image processing described
      provides a tool for longitudinal studies of de- and remineralization of dental
      enamel. The mineral loss and uptake can be observed in the same specimen.

PMID- 3857909
TI  - Mouth-to-mouth transmission of the bacterium Streptococcus mutans between mother
      and child.
AB  - The production of bacteriocins by 314 Streptococcus mutans isolates from 20
      mother-infant pairs was studied to test the likelihood of maternal transmission
      of this species. The patterns of inhibition were sufficiently different to allow
      differentiation of the 314 isolates into 41 bacteriocin types. The bacteriocin
      codes of isolates within one pair did not correspond to the codes of strains
      isolated from any other pair. The number of infant strains (per infant isolates)
      matching maternal strains within each mother-infant pair were 10/10, 10/10,
      10/10, 12/12, 2/3, 10/10, 10/10, 10/10, 3/3, 5/10, 8/8, 3/3, 8/8, 3/3, 7/7, 4/4,
      3/3, 8/8, 3/3 and 4/4 for pairs 1-20, respectively. Statistical analysis,
      utilizing a randomization test, generated a p value less than 0.0001, which is 12
      standard errors above the level expected if the pairings were random.

PMID- 3857910
TI  - Effects of apoprotein E polymorphism on serum lipoprotein concentration.
AB  - Serum concentrations for the cholesterol and triglyceride content of very low
      density lipoprotein (VLDL) and the cholesterol content of intermediate density
      lipoprotein (IDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and the high density
      lipoprotein fractions (HDL2), HDL3) were measured in 337 men and women with the
      apo E phenotype who were born in the Grampian Region of North East Scotland. The
      subjects' ages ranged from 45 to 60 years (mean, 53 years). Cigarette smoking and
      alcohol consumption were recorded and were shown to have minor, but suggestive,
      effects on serum lipoprotein concentrations. The LDL concentration of E-3/2
      subjects was compared with the commonest category, E-3/3, and was found to be
      about 20% lower in men and about 12% lower in women, in whom the VLDL and IDL
      concentrations were substantially elevated. In E-4/3 women, the serum LDL
      concentration was about 10% higher than in E-3/3 women, and the other differences
      were minor. The effect of allelic substitutions differed between the sexes. The
      relations between C-peptide ratios and serum lipoprotein concentration differed
      by gender and phenotype. A comparison with earlier estimates of LDL heritability
      suggests that in this population, a substantial fraction of the genetic variance
      of LDL is due to segregation at the apo E locus. The implications of this
      significant finding are discussed.

PMID- 3857911
TI  - Localization of the gene for the vitamin B12 binding protein, transcobalamin II,
      near the centromere on mouse chromosome 11, linked with the hemoglobin alpha
      chain locus.
AB  - Somatic cell hybrids, recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains, and backcross
      breeding experiments were used to locate the gene of transcobalamin II (Tcn-2),
      the vitamin B12 binding protein in mouse serum. TCN-2 was found to be useful
      genetic marker in the somatic cell hybrids. Selected hybrid clones were derived
      from fusions between GR mouse cells and the Chinese hamster cell line E36.
      Analysis of mouse specific chromosomal enzyme markers in relationship to TCN-2
      secretion, in the hybrid clones, provided provisional evidence for assignment of
      the Tcn-2 locus to chromosome 11. The strain distribution pattern of the TCN-2
      variants S and F in the RI series CXS, constructed from the cross of BALB/cHeA
      (TCN-2S) with STS/A (TCN-2F), implied a close linkage with the hemoglobin alpha
      chain locus (Hba) on chromosome 11. Backcross breeding using inbred strains
      confirmed these findings and located the Tcn-2 gene closest to the centromere,
      linked with waved 2 (wa-2) and Hba with recombination frequencies of 6.9 and
      19.2% each. The linkage group Tcn-2/wa-2/Hba was established.

PMID- 3857912
TI  - A new variant of serum leucine aminopeptidase in the mouse: its development and
      possible regulation.
AB  - Serum leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) isozymes were compared in four strains of
      inbred mice during postnatal development, adult life, and pregnancy. In
      pregnancy, no changes in the maternal serum LAP pattern were observed, in
      contrast to human studies. One strain, DD/S, differs from the other three in
      serum LAP. Polymorphism in serum LAP has not been previously described in the
      mouse. Neonatal DD/S mice exhibit a single band of serum LAP upon starch gel
      electrophoresis; however, between 14 and 18 days of age, two distinct bands
      appear, which persist throughout adult life. In the strains C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ,
      and DBA/2J there is a single band of activity at all stages. Crosses and
      backcrosses between DD/S and C57BL/6J show that the double-band variant is
      inherited as an autosomal recessive. The variant is independent of both the
      supernatant malic enzyme (Mod-1) and the intestinal LAP (Lap-1) loci, which are
      known to be linked on chromosome 9. The serum LAP variant is linked to an
      intestinal alkaline phosphatase variant. The presence of a separate structural
      gene is suggested by the genetic independence of the serum LAP variant from Lap
      1. Also, the two serum LAP bands of DD/S are not interconverted by treatment with
      neuraminidase, beta-mercaptoethanol, or heat or by mixing the sera of DD/S and
      C57BL/6J prior to electrophoresis. The level of serum LAP activity in DD/S is
      approximately twice that in C57BL/6J. While these observations imply two
      structurally distinct proteins, the absence of any trace of the second LAP band
      in the heterozygote strongly suggests that the LAP variant protein is not the
      result of a separate structural gene. Intestinal LAP in DD/S migrates with the
      same electrophoretic mobility as the serum LAP variant, implying that the variant
      might originate in the intestine and its appearance in the serum be modulated by
      some factor at an unlinked locus.

PMID- 3857913
TI  - Partial characterization of an erythropoiesis inhibitory factor.
AB  - An inhibitory factor of erythropoiesis, obtained from normal human urine, is
      indicated to be a complex of a fragment of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and
      prostaglandin F2 alpha. Immunoelectrophoresis reveals two protein components in
      the EIF complex which separate during acrylamide gel electrophoresis. A gamma
      globulin (MW 185,000) is a carrier of the complex. A fragment of alpha 1-acid
      glycoprotein (MW 9300) retains the inhibitory factor, PGF2 alpha. Noncovalent
      forces bind the PGF2 alpha to the protein, and PGF2 alpha can be extracted with
      benzene.

PMID- 3857914
TI  - A modified flavodoxin with altered redox potentials is less efficient in electron
      transfer to nitrogenase.
AB  - The flavodoxins of the Azotobacter vinelandii wild-type and a mutant strain TZN
      200 have been studied. Although the primary structure of the two proteins is the
      same, the ability of the mutant flavodoxin to donate electrons to nitrogenase is
      reduced by 75%. One reason may be the raised mid-point potential of -435 mV for
      the semiquinone/hydroquinone couple in the mutant flavodoxin. The respective
      redox potential for the wild-type flavodoxin was found to be -480 mV. As shown by
      paper chromatography and light absorption spectroscopy, the structure of FMN is
      modified in the TZN 200 flavodoxin.

PMID- 3857915
TI  - Identification of potential antiatherosclerotic/hypolipidemic agents by their
      effect on hepatic conversion of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione to etiocholanolone and
      androsterone.
AB  - Clinical observations have shown that hypercholesterolemia is associated with
      abnormal androgen metabolism, viz. an increased excretion of etiocholanolone (E)
      relative to androsterone (A). Substances which restore the A/E ratio to normal
      likewise lower serum cholesterol. Postulating that the abnormal steroid and
      sterol metabolism may be either causally related or dependent on the same
      metabolic defect, we have developed in vitro and in vivo models to select drugs
      which favorably effect the ratio of A to E produced from [4-14C]androst-4-ene
      3,17-dione [4-14C]A-dione). The in vitro model employs a mixture of rat liver
      microsomal delta 4-3-ketosteroid-5 alpha-reductase and cytosolic 3 alpha
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and delta 4-3-ketosteroid-5 beta-reductase. Kinetic
      and mechanistic studies have been performed on active compounds using this in
      vitro assay. The in vivo model employs i.v. injection of [4-14C]A-dione followed
      by collection of bile in anesthetized, hypophysectomized female rats. Many
      compounds preselected in the in vitro assay likewise reduced the A/E ratio in
      vivo. One of these compounds (CGS 10614A) also lowered serum cholesterol and
      reduced the incidence and severity of atherosclerotic lesions in aortas of
      cholesterol-fed rabbits.

PMID- 3857916
TI  - Illegal practice of dentistry.

PMID- 3857917
TI  - The effects of sugar-based medicines on the dental health of sick children.

PMID- 3857918
TI  - HEC dental health campaign 1985.

PMID- 3857919
TI  - The efficacy of face-masks.

PMID- 3857920
TI  - Paget's disease.

PMID- 3857921
TI  - Dentine hypersensitivity: aetiology, differential diagnosis and management.

PMID- 3857922
TI  - Non-surgical repair to an iatrogenic perforation of the root canal: a case
      history.

PMID- 3857923
TI  - Dental radiology at the crossroads.

PMID- 3857924
TI  - The antimicrobial activity of modern mouthwashes.

PMID- 3857926
TI  - Royal College of Surgeons of England statement on animal experimentation in
      medicine and dentistry.

PMID- 3857925
TI  - The efficacy of face masks.

PMID- 3857927
TI  - Treatment of the emergency patient.

PMID- 3857928
TI  - Management of early dental caries in fissures with fissure sealant.

PMID- 3857929
TI  - Response of cracked incisor teeth to cold and electrical stimulation.

PMID- 3857930
TI  - Dental health and ethnicity.

PMID- 3857932
TI  - Non-accidental injury in the child presenting as a suspected fracture of the
      zygomatic arch.

PMID- 3857931
TI  - Preparation and filling of the root canal.

PMID- 3857934
TI  - Aspirator tubes.

PMID- 3857933
TI  - The effects of the composition and method of drinking of soft drinks on plaque
      pH.

PMID- 3857935
TI  - The adverse effects of sexual freedom.

PMID- 3857936
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis and variable presentation of recessive X-linked ichthyosis.
AB  - Three infants with X-linked ichthyosis have been observed following pregnancies
      in which placental sulphatase deficiency (PSD) was suggested prenatally by low
      oestrogen excretion and an abnormal urinary steroid excretion pattern. This was
      confirmed in two cases by the absence of placental enzyme activity. In one case
      labour was spontaneous but all deliveries required Caesarean section. At 8 months
      the first infant showed an eczema in an atopic distribution but when seen at 5
      years had typical X-linked ichthyosis. The skin of the second child peeled
      extensively at the age of 2 days but was not troublesome for 2 years, when
      ichthyosis vulgaris was diagnosed on clinical grounds. This pattern has persisted
      for 3 years. The third infant showed a mildly scaly skin in the neonatal period
      but at 3 months the features and distribution of X-linked ichthyosis were
      apparent. X-linked ichthyosis may have a variable presentation which is not
      always apparent at birth.

PMID- 3857937
TI  - Steroid sulphatase deficiency in patients initially diagnosed as ichthyosis
      vulgaris or recessive X-linked ichthyosis.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with ichthyosis were classified as either ichthyosis vulgaris
      (IV) (five cases) or recessive X-linked ichthyosis (RXLI) (sixteen cases) by
      using a steroid sulphatase assay of plantar callus and peripheral leukocytes. The
      patients had presented with various clinical manifestations, which had resulted
      in some initial misdiagnoses. Cases which initially resemble IV may in fact be
      RXLI, although we found that if a case is initially diagnosed as RXLI it is
      unlikely to be a case of IV.

PMID- 3857938
TI  - A comparison of prostaglandin E2 pessaries and laminaria tents for ripening the
      cervix before termination of pregnancy.
AB  - Forty primigravid women aged 15-45 years were randomly allocated to receive
      either an intravaginal pessary of 3 mg prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or an
      intracervical 5-mm laminaria tent (LT) 12-16 h before termination of pregnancy at
      6-14 weeks gestation. The degree of dilatation of the cervix at operation and its
      resistance to further dilatation during the procedure were assessed by a 'blind'
      operator. Laminaria tents were more effective in achieving dilatation and
      softening of the cervix than were PGE2 pessaries and in 40% of women no further
      dilatation was necessary. There were no associated side-effects or complications.
      A cervical tear occurred in two of 20 patients treated with PGE2 pessaries and
      all 20 required further dilatation of the cervix. Laminaria tents provide a
      simple, safe, acceptable and effective means of 'ripening' the cervix prior to
      termination of early pregnancy.

PMID- 3857939
TI  - Tumour-associated antigen CA 125 in patients with ovarian cancer.
AB  - The serum levels of antigen CA 125 expressed by epithelial ovarian carcinoma were
      measured in 27 postmenopausal women with ovarian tumours and in 16 controls.
      Increased serum levels of CA 125 were found in nine (75%) out of 12 patients with
      ovarian cancer; in three with stage I disease levels were not elevated. No
      significant difference was found in the concentration of CA 125 detected in
      peripheral or ovarian venous blood. Decreased antigen levels were found 6-30
      weeks after radical operation and cytostatic chemotherapy in the ovarian cancer
      group. The results indicate the value of measuring CA 125 as a tumour marker in
      the follow-up of ovarian cancer.

PMID- 3857940
TI  - Prostaglandin levels in human vitreous.
AB  - Vitreous samples were obtained from 41 eyes undergoing vitrectomy, and
      radioimmunoassays were performed to measure concentrations of the prostaglandins
      PGE2, PGF2 alpha, prostacyclin, and thromboxane. Presumably physiological levels
      (approximately 100 picograms/ml) were found in vitreous from eyes undergoing
      cataract extraction. Eyes with vitreous haemorrhage, retinal detachment, or
      cystoid macular oedema had similarly low levels. Vitreous prostaglandins were
      mildly elevated in trauma and endophthalmitis and markedly elevated in aphakic
      bullous keratopathy. The role prostaglandins may play in cystoid macular oedema
      is reviewed.

PMID- 3857941
TI  - Changing 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in preimplantation rat and
      mouse embryos.
AB  - The 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) activity in rat and mouse
      preimplantation embryos was determined by measuring the interconversion of
      estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1). Rat and mouse embryos were cultured in medium
      containing 450 nM [3H]E1 or -E2 and the amount of [3H]E1 and -E2 in the medium at
      the end of the first hour was determined. The results showed that in both species
      17 beta-HSD activity was detectable from the one-cell stage (Day 1) onward. In
      the rat, 17 beta-HSD effected primarily E2----E1 conversion, with the activity
      decreasing from Day 1 to Day 5. In the mouse, we found primarily E1----E2
      conversion from Day 1 to the morning of Day 4, then E2----E1 increased sharply to
      near the E1----E2 rate in the evening of Day 4 and surpassed the E1----E2 rate
      the next morning. It seems that: 1) 17 beta-HSD is active throughout the entire
      preimplantation period, and 2) the enzyme activity changes during preimplantation
      development. Thus, the rat and mouse preimplantation embryo could regulate the E1
      to -E2 ratio in the embryos and in their environment.

PMID- 3857942
TI  - Characterization of the processed form of a ubiquitous protein displaying a
      variable membrane organization in erythroid cells.
AB  - We recently identified a group of proteins that are present in all hematopoietic
      cells but are organized in the cell membrane of erythrocytes in a lineage
      specific fashion (Blood 61:803, 1983). One of these polypeptides has a mol wt of
      approximately 37,000 (p37T) when translated in vitro from messenger RNA (mRNA)
      extracted from the erythroleukemic K562 cell line. The membrane-associated form
      of the p37 translation product has been analyzed in detail here. When detergent
      lysates prepared from biosynthetically labeled K562 cells were reacted with an
      antiserum containing anti-p37T antibodies, one of the proteins immunoprecipitated
      had a nominal mol wt of 36,000 to 37,000 (p37M). Several results suggest that
      this protein is homologous to the p37 translation product: (1) the protein, like
      the mRNA coding for the p37 translation product, was expressed in cell lines with
      diverse differentiated phenotypes; (2) the antigenic determinant(s) on p37M and
      p37T are oriented to the inner surface of the erythrocyte membrane while being
      oriented to the outer surface of erythroleukemic cells; and (3) one-dimensional
      peptide maps show homology between p37M and p37T. P37M does not appear to possess
      an N-terminal leader sequence that is proteolytically cleaved as the molecule is
      inserted into the membrane. In addition, p37M is not glycosylated.

PMID- 3857943
TI  - A unique pattern of central nervous system leukemia in acute myelomonocytic
      leukemia associated with inv(16)(p13q22).
AB  - Twenty-six patients with inv(16)(p13q22) or del(16)(q22) in association with
      acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML-M4, FAB classification), and abnormal marrow
      eosinophils have been treated at this institute. Initial bone marrow eosinophilia
      (greater than or equal to 4%) was observed in 22 of 26 patients (85%), and
      abnormal eosinophil morphology, characterized by immature cells with some
      interspersed basophilic granules, was evident in 26 of 26 (100%). Giemsa-banded
      chromosome analysis performed in all patients revealed 16 cases with
      inv(16)(p13q22) alone, and ten cases with additional chromosome changes. Twenty
      five patients received combination induction chemotherapy, and 23 (92%) achieved
      complete remission (CR). The median duration of remission was 18 months (range,
      six to 72 + months), and the median duration of survival was 34 months (range,
      0.5 to 133 months). Nine patients (35%) relapsed in the CNS at a median time of
      19 months (range, six to 133 months) from first marrow CR. All patients had
      leptomeningeal disease, and in addition, six of nine (66%) demonstrated two or
      more enhancing lesions on computed tomography brain scan, consistent with
      intracerebral myeloblastomas. Review of 384 Giemsa-banded patients with acute
      myeloid leukemia revealed no other morphologic or cytogenetic subgroup with
      either an equivalent incidence of CNS leukemia or documented intracerebral
      myeloblastomas. This series of inv(16)(p13q22)/del(16)(q22) AMML reports a
      favorable prognosis for such patients and associates a specific clonal
      cytogenetic subgroup of acute leukemia with a distinct propensity for CNS
      relapse, manifesting as leptomeningeal disease and intracerebral myeloblastomas.

PMID- 3857944
TI  - Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: a clinical
      and morphologic study of 65 cases.
AB  - This study consists of 65 patients (pts) who developed a myelodysplastic syndrome
      (MDS) (39 pts) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (26 pts) following chemotherapy
      and/or radiotherapy; the interval from the onset of therapy to bone marrow
      abnormality ranged from 11 to 192 months (median, 58). Thirty-three patients had
      been previously treated for lymphoproliferative diseases, 29 for carcinoma, and
      three for a nonneoplastic disorder. Approximately 30% of the cases presenting in
      the MDS phase evolved to AML in one to 12 months (median, 3.5). The AML in 49% of
      the cases was not readily classified according to French-American-British (FAB)
      criteria; the primary difficulty in classification related to the involvement of
      multiple cell lines. Among the cases that could be classified, all FAB types were
      represented except for M1; M2 was the most frequent type. Clonal chromosome
      abnormalities were found in marrow specimens from 22 of 24 (92%) patients studied
      with G banding; 11 had abnormalities of chromosomes 5 and/or 7. The median
      survival for all patients was four months with no significant difference between
      those treated and not treated with antileukemic therapy. The median survival was
      three months for the patients presenting with AML, six months for the patients
      with AML following an MDS, and four months for the patients with an MDS that did
      not evolve to AML. The findings in the present study suggest that there are three
      stages of therapy-related panmyelosis: (1) pancytopenia with associated
      myelodysplastic changes, (2) a frank MDS, and (3) overt AML. Many patients will
      present in the stage of overt AML that differs from de novo AML primarily by the
      high incidence of trilineage involvement, difficulty in classification, frequent
      cytogenetic abnormalities, and poor response to antileukemic therapy. The
      myelodysplastic phase, with or without evolution to acute leukemia, is a highly
      lethal disease with a median survival comparable to that of the patients who
      present with AML.

PMID- 3857946
TI  - Disconnection of genes coding for self-renewal and differentiation: a possible
      mechanism of diversity in acute myeloid leukemias.

PMID- 3857945
TI  - The proliferation in suspension of the progenitors of the blast cells in acute
      myeloblastic leukemia.
AB  - A minority of blast cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) form colonies in
      culture in methylcellulose when stimulated by media conditioned by normal
      leukocytes in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA-LCM). Blast colonies can be
      replated successfully, either as pooled cells or suspensions from single
      colonies. However, the plating efficiency declines with repeated passages, and
      more than four subcultures have not been achieved. In this study, blast
      populations were cultured in suspension, with fetal calf serum, alpha-minimal
      essential medium and PHA-LCM. In cells from 17 of 18 patients, exponential growth
      of clonogenic blast cells was maintained for six to seven days without
      reculturing. Colonies obtained from progenitors taken from liquid culture and
      replated in methylcellulose were replated to obtain the secondary plating
      efficiency (PE2). In 14 cases, this value was maintained or increased. In three
      instances, PE2 fell following culture in methylcellulose. When cells in
      suspension were recultured, exponential growth continued. In nine instances,
      exponential growth was maintained for from seven to 70 days. During this time,
      PE2 was maintained. Results from experiments using velocity sedimentation
      separation and analysis of single colonies were consistent with the view that the
      increase in clonogenic cells in suspension was a manifestation of their self
      renewal capacity. The observations also support a model of blast progenitor
      growth that contains the postulate that these are capable not only of self
      renewal but also of determination-like events leading to loss of proliferative
      capacity.

PMID- 3857948
TI  - Employees' incentive and fringe benefits.

PMID- 3857947
TI  - Factors affecting survival in patients presenting with synchronous hepatic
      metastases from colorectal cancer: a clinical and computer analysis.
AB  - A review of 90 patients presenting in Leeds over the period 1976-80 with
      synchronous hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer has been undertaken. The
      median survival for the group was 10.3 months (range 1-48 months). A multivariate
      analysis identified factors in the history and examination of the patient,
      results of biochemical and haematological investigations and characteristics of
      both the primary and secondary tumour, which influenced survival. Recognition of
      these factors allowed both a clinical scoring index and computer survival model
      to be constructed. When applied to the group as a whole both were reasonably
      accurate at predicting survival (62 per cent for the survival model and 66 per
      cent for the scoring index). However, the computer model correctly identified 80
      per cent of the 'long-term' survivors (greater than 12 months from the time of
      diagnosis). It is concluded that many trials of therapy for hepatic metastases
      from colorectal cancer have failed to consider the natural history of the disease
      and the identification of prognostic indices should allow for adequate
      stratification within the treatment arms of any future study.

PMID- 3857949
TI  - Loss of consciousness in the dental office.

PMID- 3857950
TI  - A case history describing the use KOOLiner from COE.

PMID- 3857951
TI  - The politics of dentistry.

PMID- 3857952
TI  - Are you contributing too much to your retirement plan?

PMID- 3857953
TI  - Loosen up, doctor.

PMID- 3857954
TI  - Mouth protection: the healthy choice.

PMID- 3857955
TI  - Dental hygiene quality assurance: definitions, issues, and directions for Canada.

PMID- 3857956
TI  - Comparative dexamethasone suppression test measurements in bulimia, depression
      and normal controls.
AB  - Twenty bulimics, 20 depressives and 20 normal controls were studied using the
      Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) as defined by Carroll et al. Their past
      psychiatric and family histories were compared. We found that actively bulimic
      subjects had a rate of DST non-suppression of 20%, and that 20% of them had a
      past history of a major depressive disorder. Forty per cent had a history of
      alcoholism and/or antisocial personality in a first degree relative, but only 5%
      had a positive family history of affective disorder. These rates were
      significantly lower than those found in the depressed group except for the family
      history of alcoholism and/or antisocial personality for which there was no
      significant difference. We identified a subgroup of bulimic DST non-suppressors
      who, like patients with melancholia, were characterized by past history of major
      depressive illness and high rates of family history of affective disorder,
      alcoholism and/or antisocial personality in first degree relatives. This group
      responded to antidepressant medications in a manner similar to depressed
      patients.

PMID- 3857957
TI  - Six new cases of prolymphocytic leukemia with heterogeneous prognosis. Clinical
      and immunologic features, light microscopy, and ultrastructural findings.
AB  - The clinical features and diagnostic evaluation of six patients affected by
      prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), are described. Some of the cases deviate from a
      relatively uniform and aggressive clinical course of the disease entity. An
      actuarial survival analysis of 60 cases gathered from the literature and the
      authors' experience indicate that the cases showing the most prolongated
      evolution may reach 30% of the total. The different aggressiveness in the
      clinical course of these patients does not depend on the efficiency of the
      therapies applied. The percentage of prolymphocytes (PL) in peripheral blood
      throughout the clinical course was variable and not depending on the treatments
      used. This fact, in conjunction with (1) the presence of cellular types deviated
      from the typical PL and detected both at optical and ultrastructural levels and
      (2) the existence of cases of PL with minimal splenomegaly and leukocyte counts
      of less than 50 X 10(9)/liter, could lead to an underdiagnosis of PLL and hinder
      the actual cognition of the natural medical history of the disease.

PMID- 3857958
TI  - Skin lesions in chronic granulocytic leukemia. Treatment of a patient with
      topical nitrogen mustard.
AB  - A patient is described with an unusual presentation of ulcerating skin lesions in
      Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic granulocytic leukaemia. Treatment with
      topical mustine ointment (nitrogen mustard, mechlorethamine) achieved a good
      palliative result.

PMID- 3857959
TI  - Childhood multifocal osteosarcoma. Clinicopathologic and radiologic correlates.
AB  - The authors reviewed the clinical charts and pathologic and radiographic
      materials of nine pediatric patients (mean age, 11.0 years) presenting with
      multiple skeletal foci of osteosarcoma. Four patients presented with pulmonary
      metastases, and five had osseous disease only. All had densely sclerotic,
      predominantly osteoblastic tumors, usually in metaphyseal locations. Evidence of
      aggressive tumor cell behavior--such as vascular, articular, epiphyseal, or soft
      tissue invasion--was usually present in surgical specimens. Despite intensive
      chemotherapy, all patients died from 6 to 37 months after diagnosis (median
      survival, 12 months). Comparison of clinical and pathologic features for patients
      presenting with or without pulmonary metastases failed to disclose any notable
      differences between the two groups, indicating a common pathogenesis and
      evolution for their multifocal disease. The authors conclude that this variant of
      osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive form of the disease that may be accompanied
      by pulmonary metastases.

PMID- 3857960
TI  - Intramedullary spinal cord germinoma producing HCG and precocious puberty in a
      boy.
AB  - Extremely high concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin in the
      cerebrospinal fluid were found in a 5-year-old boy presenting sexual precocity
      and leg pain. An intramedullary spinal cord tumor was revealed by myelogram and
      metrizamide computerized tomography, and a biopsy specimen taken at laminectomy.
      Histologically, the tumor showed germinoma with syncytiotrophoblastic giant
      cells. The tumor remitted for 5 months after irradiation of 3500 rad and
      chemotherapy, but recurred in spite of adding 7500 rad and more aggressive
      chemotherapy. No relapse has been seen for 1 year after amputation of the spinal
      cord at the T7 level.

PMID- 3857961
TI  - Primary bone cancer incidence in black and white residents of New York State.
AB  - Some descriptive epidemiologic characteristics of primary bone cancers were
      presented for black and white residents of New York State (1975-1980) using data
      from the population-based New York State Cancer Registry. Average annual race-
      and age-specific incidence rates were calculated for 1975 to 1980 for three
      histologic types (i.e., osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma). The
      significantly lower incidence of Ewing's sarcoma in blacks versus whites was
      confirmed, whereas lower rates for chondrosarcoma in blacks supported findings
      from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. A higher rate
      of osteosarcoma in blacks versus whites in the less than 15-year age group,
      although not statistically significant, was consistent with findings from another
      population-based registry in the US. This difference was due to osteosarcoma of
      the leg, and could be related to racial differences in growth rates during
      childhood. Comparisons with data from Africa suggest certain similarities in
      patterns as well as some possible differences, which could provide general clues
      to etiology (i.e., genetic versus environmental factors).

PMID- 3857962
TI  - Childhood malignancies of the eye and orbit in northern Nigeria.
AB  - One hundred four histologically proven malignant tumors of the eye and orbit in
      children seen in Guinness Eye Clinic, Kaduna, Nigeria between 1975 and 1982 are
      presented. Retinoblastoma and Burkitt's lymphoma account for the majority of the
      tumors. The data are compared with those from Ibadan, Nigeria. Burkitt's lymphoma
      occurs less frequently in Kaduna, whereas the incidence of retinoblastoma is
      almost the same. Chloroma, which was not seen in Ibadan, accounted for 2.9% of
      the current series. Factors that may be contributory to the observed differences
      are discussed.

PMID- 3857963
TI  - Cytologic evidence for increased rRNA gene activity in hemin-induced K562(S)
      cells.
AB  - Hemin-induced K562(S) cells have been studied for the following parameters: cell
      proliferation, erythroid induction, hemoglobin accumulation, and activation of
      ribosomal gene clusters 48 hr after hemin induction. Increased transcriptional
      activity of rRNA genes has been demonstrated by cytochemical methods at both the
      cell population and single cell level. The following results have been obtained:
      (a) The vast majority of induced cells shows a highly significant increase in the
      number of active rRNA gene clusters per cell. At this time, the number of
      benzidine-positive cells and the quantity of hemoglobin per cell are almost
      doubled. (b) Specific rRNA gene clusters are activated within single cells.
      Activation can be visualized at the single gene cluster level. (c) The increase
      in the average number of active ribosomal gene clusters per cell is not due to
      clonal selection, but rather to diffuse activation of several gene clusters. (d)
      The transcriptional activity of rRNA genes has been shown to be regulated at the
      cellular level by an agent known to specifically induce derepression of genes
      responsible for erythroid differentiation.

PMID- 3857964
TI  - Familial osteosarcoma associated with 13;14 chromosomal rearrangement.
AB  - Two prepubertal sisters of American Indian origin developed osteosarcoma at 8 and
      12 years of age. This familial occurrence, tumor onset prior to puberty, unusual
      tumor location in one who also had short stature, and ethnic background all
      suggest an inborn predisposition to bone cancer rather than a chance occurrence.
      Rearrangements involving chromosomes #13 and #14 were found in both the surviving
      proband and mother. Comparison of the arm ratio and prometaphase G-banding
      patterns of the rearranged chromosomes suggests either deletion of band 14q11.2
      or pericentric inversion (with breakpoints at 13q12 and 14q11.2) in the proband's
      rearranged chromosome, but not in her mother's. Her mother, who had no
      malignancy, had a typical Robertsonian translocation [t(13;14)(p11;q11)]. Three
      previously reported children with chromosomal abnormalities developed
      osteosarcoma at unusually young ages, younger even than in reported sibships with
      osteosarcoma. The most frequently detected cytogenetic abnormalities in sarcoma
      tumor cells involve chromosomes #13 and #14. In addition, some cases of bilateral
      retinoblastoma and familial unilateral retinoblastoma, which are known to be at
      increased risk for osteosarcoma, are associated with tiny deletions on chromosome
      #13. Thus, there may be a causal relationship between constitutional loss or
      rearrangement of genetic material at these breakpoints on chromosomes #13 or #14
      and development of osteosarcoma in this family that is similar to that seen in
      patients with small constitutional chromosomal deletions who develop Wilms' tumor
      and retinoblastoma.

PMID- 3857965
TI  - Oncogene mobility in a human leukemia line HL-60.
AB  - HL-60, a cell line derived from a human promyelocytic leukemia, shows
      amplification of the oncogene c-myc. Chromosome aberrations reported in HL-60
      include double minutes (DMs) and an abnormally banded region (ABR) on chromosome
      #8. A relationship between these chromosomal aberrations and amplification of c
      myc DNA has been suggested. We report the localization by cytologic hybridization
      of amplified c-myc DNA to a marker chromosome, M3q+, in an early passage of HL
      60. The localization of c-myc to an ABR on an 8q+ chromosome was confirmed in
      later passage clones. The most probable derivation of the M3q+ chromosome is
      t(5p;17q) with additional material associated with c-myc amplification inserted
      into 17q. This localization is of interest in light of the association between
      t(15:17) and promyelocytic leukemia. The results indicate that amplification and
      chromosome integration can occur at a site other than the native gene locus and
      at different integration sites in different lineages of the same tumor.

PMID- 3857966
TI  - Major karyotypic abnormalities in a near-tetraploid erythroleukemia.
AB  - A case of erythroleukemia (EL; FAB M6) is presented in which the leukemic cells
      of the marrow were characterized by two ranges in the chromosome number, i.e.,
      one hypodiploid and another near-tetraploid. All characteristics of major
      karyotypic abnormalities (MAKA) were present, i.e., increased karyotype
      instability with variation of the chromosome count from metaphase to metaphase,
      dicentrics, acentrics, marker chromosomes, double minute chromosomes (DMs), and
      centromere spreading. All of these events were variably represented from
      metaphase to metaphase. The prognosis was poor, with survival of 1 month after
      the diagnosis of EL. The meaning of extreme MAKA in the classification of EL is
      discussed.

PMID- 3857968
TI  - Phase I trial of mitoxantrone in children.
AB  - Mitoxantrone was administered as a single iv injection once every 3 weeks to 84
      children with advanced acute leukemia and solid tumors in a phase I trial. Dose
      limiting granulocytopenia occurred at dosages greater than 18 mg/m2 in children
      with solid tumors, while hospitalization for febrile episodes occurred in nine of
      12 patients with acute leukemia receiving dosages greater than 24 mg/m2. Six
      children developed evidence of cardiac dysfunction, including three instances of
      congestive heart failure. No other significant toxicity was noted. Complete
      responses were seen in one child with neuroblastoma metastatic to bone, one with
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and four with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3857967
TI  - Karyotypic and clinical findings in a consecutive series of children with acute
      lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Detailed karyotypic findings and clinical data on 70 consecutive newly diagnosed
      children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), primarily from Indiana, are
      presented. These children fall into five karyotypic groups: (a) normal
      chromosomes; (b) hyperdiploid I, with chromosome numbers greater than 50,
      frequently with multiple copies of the same chromosome, and often lacking a
      consistent abnormal clone; (c) hyperdiploid II, with karyotypes having 47-49
      chromosomes and usually with all of the karyotypically abnormal cells identical;
      (d) pseudodiploids, with either translocations or deletions of specific
      chromosomes; and (e) hypodiploids. Because few of this series of children have
      expired or relapsed, patients in the karyotypic groups have been considered in
      relation to those clinical factors that have been found to be of prognostic
      significance by the Children's Cancer Study Group. Age, white blood cell count,
      and platelet count were significantly different in patients among the five
      karyotypic groups. A significantly greater number of pseudodiploid patients had
      white blood cell counts greater than 50,000 X 10(6)/L and were not in the infant
      age group, as has been the case for other series. Specifically, the 4;11
      translocation was associated with a higher risk of early death compared with
      other patients. Among those with normal karyotypes, platelet levels of greater
      than 100 X 10(9)/L occurred more frequently than among those with abnormal
      karyotypes.

PMID- 3857969
TI  - Modulation of the activity of PALA by dipyridamole.
AB  - PALA is thought to inhibit an early step in de novo pyrimidine synthesis, causing
      depletion of intracellular pyrimidine nucleotides. Dipyridamole, a nucleoside
      transport inhibitor which can block restoration of nucleotide levels via the
      salvage pathway, was tested for its ability to augment the cytotoxicity of PALA
      against normal and malignant human cells in vitro. At the clinically relevant
      concentration of 1 microM, dipyridamole increased the cytotoxicity of PALA
      against a melanoma, a colon carcinoma, a promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60), and
      normal marrow (CFU-GM) in clonogenic assays. Dipyridamole produced 50% inhibition
      of uridine uptake in these cells at concentrations of less than 0.1 microM and
      reduced the LD50 of PALA by approximately 50% in mice. These results indicate
      that dipyridamole can markedly potentiate the activity of PALA in vitro and in
      vivo.

PMID- 3857970
TI  - Allergic reactions to teniposide in patients with neuroblastoma and lymphoid
      malignancies.
AB  - Acute allergic reactions have been reported in 1%-5% of patients receiving
      teniposide. In a patient population of 82 children with leukemia and lymphoma, we
      observed only two acute reactions during the infusion of 1707 doses of
      teniposide. In contrast, 14 of 105 children with neuroblastoma developed acute
      allergic reactions during the infusion of 665 doses of teniposide. Four
      rechallenge doses of the drug were given to patients with neuroblastoma after
      premedication with antiallergic agents. All four doses resulted in repeat
      reactions. Our data suggest that children with neuroblastoma have a significantly
      higher incidence of acute reactions to teniposide than patients with other
      malignancies (P = 0.008), and that these reactions cannot be prevented by
      premedication with antiallergic drugs.

PMID- 3857971
TI  - Treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis with vindesine and prednisone.
AB  - Sixteen patients in chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis entered a phase II
      trial with vindesine and prednisone. Median duration of the chronic phase was 29
      months in 13 patients, one previously had polycythemia vera, and two presented
      with a primary blast crisis. Eleven patients had myeloblastic features, as
      evidenced by morphology, cytochemistry, and cell surface antigens; three had a
      mixture of myeloid and lymphoid blast cells with lymphoblastic predominance; one
      had blast cells which displayed lymphoid characteristics; and one was classified
      as undifferentiated. Three patients had complete remissions lasting 1 month
      (myeloid), 3 months (mixed), and 5 months (lymphoid). Eleven patients had minor
      responses, with a median duration of 3 weeks (eight with myeloid, two with mixed,
      and one with undifferentiated). Two patients did not respond to vindesine.
      Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were severe and prolonged independent of their
      morphologic or immunologic phenotype.

PMID- 3857972
TI  - Phase II study of aclarubicin and diaziquone in the treatment of advanced small
      cell bronchogenic carcinoma (EST 4581): an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
      Study.

PMID- 3857973
TI  - Enamel fluoride profile construction from biopsy data.

PMID- 3857975
TI  - Effect of soluble calcium on fluoride uptake by artificial caries lesions in
      vivo.

PMID- 3857974
TI  - Raman spectra of phosphate and monofluorophosphate ions in several dentally
      relevant materials.

PMID- 3857976
TI  - Remineralization in vivo of artificial caries lesions by a monofluorophosphate
      dentifrice.

PMID- 3857977
TI  - Single fluoride doses and enamel fluorosis in the rat.

PMID- 3857978
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the 31st ORCA congress. European Organization
      for Caries Research. July 4-7, 1984, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.

PMID- 3857979
TI  - Micro-sampling by abrasion.

PMID- 3857980
TI  - Stability of selected plaque species and their relationship to caries in a child
      population over 2 years.

PMID- 3857981
TI  - ATP content and viability of human dental plaque during prolonged starvation.

PMID- 3857982
TI  - Effect of sucrose as a gustatory stimulus on the flow rates of parotid and whole
      saliva.

PMID- 3857983
TI  - Rehardening properties of mucin- or CMC-containing saliva substitutes on softened
      human enamel. Effects of sorbitol, xylitol and increasing viscosity.

PMID- 3857984
TI  - Chemical and physical evaluation of dialyzed-reconstituted acidified gelatin
      surface lesions of human enamel.

PMID- 3857985
TI  - Self-gelling liquid composition for topical application of medications.

PMID- 3857986
TI  - Influence of tooth paste particle size and tooth brush stiffness on dentine
      abrasion in vitro.

PMID- 3857987
TI  - Fluoride uptake by dentin surfaces following topical application of TiF4, NaF and
      fluoride varnishes in vivo.

PMID- 3857988
TI  - An evaluation of three procedures for fluoride analysis.

PMID- 3857989
TI  - Intraoral uptake of fluoride by presoftened enamel following systemic
      administration and fluoride mouthrinsing.

PMID- 3857990
TI  - Fluoride concentration in deciduous enamel in high- and low-fluoride areas.

PMID- 3857991
TI  - Caries prevalence and dental fluorosis in German children in areas with different
      concentrations of fluoride in drinking water supplies.

PMID- 3857992
TI  - Oral cancer: early detection.

PMID- 3857993
TI  - Surgery and orthodontics for unerupted teeth.

PMID- 3857994
TI  - Direct sagittal CT scanning of the temporomandibular joint.

PMID- 3857995
TI  - An overview of facial pain and temporomandibular joint problems.

PMID- 3857996
TI  - Myofascial referred pain patterns: the role of trigger points.

PMID- 3857997
TI  - Craniofacial pain--the TMJ management dilemma.

PMID- 3857998
TI  - Facial pain disorders commonly confused with TMJ dysfunction.

PMID- 3857999
TI  - Etiology, diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint derangements.

PMID- 3858000
TI  - The management of a restorative practice.

PMID- 3858001
TI  - The marketing edge: operatory positioning.

PMID- 3858003
TI  - Why bother with record keeping?

PMID- 3858002
TI  - Basic intraoral photography technique.

PMID- 3858004
TI  - Selling a dental practice through phased sale/role reversal.

PMID- 3858005
TI  - Oral cancer in California. An interview with Gordon M. Rick, DDS.

PMID- 3858006
TI  - Etiology of oral cancer.

PMID- 3858007
TI  - Advances in therapy for oral cancer.

PMID- 3858008
TI  - Early detection and diagnosis of oral cancer.

PMID- 3858009
TI  - Prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with oral cancer.

PMID- 3858010
TI  - The dentist's role in oral cancer prevention and patient behavior modification.

PMID- 3858011
TI  - Surface roughness of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa.
AB  - The surface roughness value of 39 oral squamous cell carcinomas was measured by
      the Rmax method. The means of the eight measurement values of each carcinoma
      ranged from 87 micron to 1176 micron. The average value of all 39 lesions was 341
      micron. The average value of the lesions of the papillomatous and granulomatous
      types was larger than that of the leukoplakic and erosive types. The lesions with
      the size of more than 2 cm in diameter were rougher than those of less than 2 cm.
      The lesions of the gingiva were rougher than those on the tongue. There was an
      inclination that the surface of the verrucous carcinoma was rougher than that of
      the invasive squamous cell carcinoma and that the surface of early carcinoma was
      smoother than that of the invasive squamous cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3858012
TI  - Inner ear barotrauma.
AB  - Inner ear barotrauma was observed by compressing or decompressing guinea pigs.
      The barotrauma in compression was greatly influenced by auditory tube function,
      and, in the animals deprived of this function, we could observe far more severe
      damage of inner ear hair cells and far more frequent round window rupture than in
      animals not thus deprived. Barotrauma in decompression was brought about in
      guinea pigs not deprived of auditory tube function with a decompression speed of
      0.1 kg/cm2/sec, which is so severe that even a healthy auditory tube could not
      endure it. It can be said that the middle and inner ear are more apt to be
      damaged in decompression than in compression.

PMID- 3858013
TI  - Identification of anthracycline analogues with enhanced cytotoxicity and lack of
      cross-resistance to adriamycin using a series of mammalian cell lines in vitro.
AB  - Clinical resistance to adriamycin (ADR) develops readily, and cardiotoxicity is a
      major dose-limiting side effect. A range of anthracycline derivatives have been
      synthesized recently, and a number reported to exhibit significantly reduced
      cardiotoxicity in experimental animals. Using NIL 8 Syrian hamster overy cells
      and two continuous human tumour cell lines derived from colon carcinomas we have
      screened a series of 11 anthracycline analogues, determining their in vitro
      cytotoxic effects by colony-forming assays. Five agents proved significantly more
      cytotoxic than ADR: dihydroxyanthraquinone (DHAQ), mitoxantrone (DHAD), 4
      demethoxydaunorubicin (4-DNR), 4'-0-tetrahydropyranyl-adriamycin (THP-ADR), and
      4'-deoxyadriamycin (4-ADR). We have also established in vitro a subline of the
      L5178Y murine lymphoma resistant to ADR and have used this model to identify
      derivatives with potential value for overcoming ADR resistance. We have observed
      three patterns of response: (i) complete cross-resistance with 4'-epiadriamycin
      and daunorubicin; (ii) slight cross-resistance with 4-DNR, THP-ADR, 7-con-O
      methyl-nogarol and aclacinomycin A; and (iii) complete absence of cross
      resistance with 4-ADR, 4'-O-methyladriamycin, DHAQ, DHAD, and
      methylhydroxyellipticinium. These straightforward preclinical screens thus
      identify three drugs which may merit clinical evaluation, since they not only
      show an increased level of cytotoxicity in vitro to ADR at equivalent
      concentrations but also overcome resistance to ADR in this murine model system.

PMID- 3858014
TI  - Small intestinal transit time affects methotrexate absorption in children with
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Serum methotrexate concentrations have been measured in 28 children with acute
      lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) following PO administration under standard
      conditions. Small-intestinal transit time, measured by the time taken for
      lactulose to pass from mouth to caecum, has been related with methotrexate
      absorption parameters. Small intestinal transit times ranged from 30 to 240 min.
      Children with longer transit times had later times of peak methotrexate
      concentration and tended to have a more erratic methotrexate absorption profile
      with two peaks. There appears to be an optimal transit time between 90 and 105
      min for methotrexate absorption, with both faster and slower small-intestinal
      transit times producing lower peak concentrations as a fraction of the dose.

PMID- 3858015
TI  - Hypnosis: alternative to patient anxiety.

PMID- 3858016
TI  - Knowing your legal rights.

PMID- 3858017
TI  - Treating cleft lip and palate infants.

PMID- 3858018
TI  - Communicating with children.

PMID- 3858019
TI  - Selecting the right computer forms.

PMID- 3858020
TI  - Caution: nitrous oxide in use.

PMID- 3858021
TI  - Sexual harassment--impact, ethics and guidelines.

PMID- 3858022
TI  - Job sharing: is it right for you?

PMID- 3858023
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome: occupational hazard.

PMID- 3858025
TI  - Team approach.

PMID- 3858024
TI  - Assuring treatment acceptance.

PMID- 3858026
TI  - Women and self-esteem.

PMID- 3858027
TI  - Care and handling of polycarboxylate cement.

PMID- 3858028
TI  - BEDA: the behaviorally expanded duty auxiliary.

PMID- 3858029
TI  - Prenatal oral development.

PMID- 3858031
TI  - How effective is your office management?

PMID- 3858032
TI  - The assistant's mobile cabinet: efficient, organized, utilized.

PMID- 3858030
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome.

PMID- 3858033
TI  - How to interpret a prescription.

PMID- 3858034
TI  - Managing dental fear: a team approach.

PMID- 3858035
TI  - [Jaw surgery in the treatment of multiple-injury patients].

PMID- 3858036
TI  - [New combined radiologic-surgical treatment possibilities for inoperable tumors
      of the maxilla].

PMID- 3858037
TI  - [Purulent arthritis of the temporomandibular joint].

PMID- 3858038
TI  - [Apical osteitis and herpes zoster in the 3rd branch of the trigeminal nerve. A
      case history].

PMID- 3858039
TI  - [Improvement of zygomatic arch representation using compensating screens].

PMID- 3858040
TI  - [Granulomatous cheilitis].

PMID- 3858041
TI  - [A temporo-retroauricular visor flap as a substitution graft after radical
      parotidectomy].

PMID- 3858042
TI  - [Testing the therapy-dependent prognosis index (TPI) of DOSAK with patients from
      the Hospital for Oral Surgery in Halle].

PMID- 3858043
TI  - Prostaglandin E2 synthesis by human primary and metastatic bone tumors in
      culture.
AB  - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is known to stimulate osteolysis in vitro and has been
      implicated in mediating bone resorption in several animal and human tumors.
      Little attention has yet to be directed toward local humoral control (including
      PGE2) of bone resorption in primary and metastatic bone tumors. For investigation
      of whether histologically identified areas of osteolytic or osteoblastic bone
      tumors differentially secrete PGE2 under in vitro conditions, culture media from
      explants of central and peripheral areas of tissue were sterilely collected from
      13 surgical specimens of primary and metastatic bone tumors and assayed for
      (PGE2) radioimmunoassay. The results indicate a marked heterogeneity in the
      concentration of immunoreactive (I-PGE2) synthesis by tumors of different as well
      as similar cell type. PGE2 production was time-dependent in culture, and at 72
      hours substantial increases were apparent compared to cultures of non-neoplastic
      fascia controls. Significantly higher levels of I-PGE2 were found in cultures
      derived from "bone-destructive" tumors. No difference in I-PGE2 synthesis was
      found between explants of peripheral versus central tissue of the same tumors.
      PGE2 is synthesized in culture by bone tumors characterized as destructive of
      bone at higher levels than "bone-forming" tumors, and this synthesis is inhibited
      by indomethacin.

PMID- 3858044
TI  - Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial activity of enoxacin: comparison with other
      orally absorbed antimicrobial agents, proposed disk diffusion test interpretive
      criteria, and quality control limits.
AB  - The antibacterial activity of enoxacin was assessed by a standard microdilution
      susceptibility test method against 6,096 consecutive clinical isolates at four
      clinical laboratories and compared with that of norfloxacin and cefaclor. Its
      activity was comparable to that of norfloxacin; both inhibited over 90% of
      Enterobacteriaceae at 0.5 micrograms/ml. Resistance to enoxacin [minimum
      inhibitory concentration (MIC) greater than 4 micrograms/ml] was observed in only
      18 of 4,076 Enterobacteriaceae (0.5%, 36 of 650 nonfermentative gram-negative
      bacilli (5.5%), and 6 of 836 staphylococci (0.7%). Relatively poor activity was
      observed against streptococci. An additional 618 selected clinical isolates were
      tested with enoxacin and were compared with nine other orally absorbed
      antimicrobial agents. The greatest activity was observed with enoxacin,
      norfloxacin, and cotrimoxazole, but some difference were noted with individual
      species. Results of enoxacin disk diffusion susceptibility testing of 487
      isolates were correlated with the MICs, analyzed, and interpretive criteria were
      determined. With MIC breakpoints of: susceptible = less than or equal to 2.0
      micrograms/ml, intermediate = 4.0 micrograms/ml, and resistant = greater than 4.0
      micrograms/ml, the corresponding preliminary disk diffusion zone diameter
      breakpoints for the 10-micrograms enoxacin disk are: susceptible greater than or
      equal to 18 mm, intermediate 15-17 mm, and resistant less than or equal to 14 mm.
      Quality control zone diameter limits were determined for three standard QC
      organisms.

PMID- 3858045
TI  - Bullous change by CT heralding metastatic sarcoma.
AB  - The association of spontaneous pneumothorax with metastatic osteosarcoma is well
      known. Small blebs and bullous change can be easily detected in the lungs by
      computed tomography. In patients with known sarcomas, blebs and bullae may appear
      as the first or early manifestation of metastatic disease (or concurrent with the
      disease) as illustrated by the three patients presented here with three different
      types of sarcomas. The literature has been reviewed as to the etiology of
      spontaneous pneumothoraces occurring in metastatic sarcomas and the relationship
      of bleb and bullae formation to these spontaneous pneumothoraces is discussed.

PMID- 3858046
TI  - Combined management of mucogingival defects with citric acid root conditioning,
      lateral pedicle grafts, and free gingival grafts.

PMID- 3858047
TI  - Allergy to lidocaine and mepivacaine: report of a case.

PMID- 3858048
TI  - Idiopathic internal resorption: report of an unusual case.

PMID- 3858049
TI  - Clinical virology of the head and neck.

PMID- 3858050
TI  - The computer craze and dental data.

PMID- 3858051
TI  - Some aspects of emergency treatment of complete denture patients.

PMID- 3858052
TI  - The canine platform: a modified method for posterior tooth eruption.

PMID- 3858053
TI  - Dental care concerns common to Great Britain, Sweden, and the United States.

PMID- 3858054
TI  - The TMJ: can dentistry really help?

PMID- 3858056
TI  - Negligence, malpractice and things that go bump in the court!

PMID- 3858055
TI  - UOP's least known famous library.

PMID- 3858057
TI  - Malpractice: strategies for the practitioner.

PMID- 3858058
TI  - Ergonomics: the human factor in office design.

PMID- 3858059
TI  - Influence of human chorionic gonadotropin and prostaglandins on the steroid
      metabolism of the perfused human placenta.

PMID- 3858060
TI  - Systemic isotretinoin treatment of oral and cutaneous lichen planus.
AB  - Lichen planus of the skin and mucous membranes may be disabling. Severe pruritus
      or bullous lesions may be incapacitating when they occur while erosive oral
      lesions may be extremely painful. Various treatment modalities have been
      attempted including corticosteroids (parenteral, intralesional, and topical) and
      photochemotherapy. Recent successful therapeutic trials of topical retinoic acid
      and oral etretinate have been completed. Two patients with cutaneous and severe
      erosive oral lichen planus unresponsive to conventional therapies responded to a
      trial of oral isotretinoin with prompt and successful remission of cutaneous and
      oral lesions. This suggests that systemic isotretinoin may have a unique position
      in the treatment of mucous membrane lichen planus that is refractory to
      conventional therapies.

PMID- 3858061
TI  - Cytogenetic observations on two ovarian carcinomas with double minutes, one with
      a 6q- marker chromosome.
AB  - A high number of structurally altered marker chromosomes was found in two cases
      of ovarian carcinoma. Even by the application of different staining methods it
      was not possible to identify all the chromosomes. No evidence for the existence
      of a translocation between chromosomes 6 and 14 was found, which seems to be a
      specific abnormality characteristic of papillary serous cystadenocarcinomas of
      the ovary. It is of interest that double minutes were present in both cases. This
      offers further evidence for the assumption that double minutes are not infrequent
      in carcinomas. Their orthodox mitotic behaviour leads to high karyotype
      variability (number of double minutes/cell), and may be of particular importance
      for tumour biology. The methodological and cytogenetic implications of the
      results are discussed.

PMID- 3858062
TI  - [Bilateral eumorphic 4th molar in the maxilla and the mandible].

PMID- 3858063
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of gingival tissues irradiated with the Helium-Neon soft
      laser].

PMID- 3858064
TI  - [Concerning "The molar of Madam M..."].

PMID- 3858066
TI  - [Dental therapeutics according to medical authors at the end of the Middle Ages].

PMID- 3858065
TI  - [Research on the effectiveness of metronidazole in the treatment of root
      infections].

PMID- 3858067
TI  - [Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of solutions on pure cultures of mouse "NM"
      fibroblasts and ovarian carcinoma cells].

PMID- 3858069
TI  - [Endodontic therapy].

PMID- 3858068
TI  - [Craniomandibular dysfunction].

PMID- 3858070
TI  - [Self medication, a reality: its significance, its limits, its risks].

PMID- 3858071
TI  - [Clinical experiments with grinazole].

PMID- 3858072
TI  - [A drug: oxygen--O2].

PMID- 3858073
TI  - [Cell biological behavior of the squamous cell line (Tca 8113) of tongue
      carcinoma in human: a time-lapse cinemicrographic observation].

PMID- 3858074
TI  - [Experimental study on the compound polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and its
      clinical application].

PMID- 3858075
TI  - [Preventive orthodontic treatment of open-bite malocclusion].

PMID- 3858076
TI  - [Foramen rotundum and maxillary anesthesia].

PMID- 3858077
TI  - [Evaluation of the treatment of oral lichen planus by activating blood
      circulation and eliminating stasis].

PMID- 3858078
TI  - [Dental calculus: analysis with infrared and emission spectroscopy].

PMID- 3858080
TI  - [Principle and application of an edgewise appliance].

PMID- 3858079
TI  - [Relation between trigeminal neuralgia of the first branch of the trigeminal
      nerve and pathological cavity of the jaws].

PMID- 3858081
TI  - [Upper cavity arthrography of the normal adult temporomandibular joint].

PMID- 3858082
TI  - [Survey of dental, dental arch and facial forms of 5 nationalities in the
      northwest district].

PMID- 3858083
TI  - [Lateral cephalometry in 100 Harbin children with normal occlusion].

PMID- 3858084
TI  - [Disinfection of hand-pieces by oil baths in preventing hepatitis B and its
      application].

PMID- 3858085
TI  - [The curative effect of neurexeresis on primary trigeminal neuralgia].

PMID- 3858086
TI  - [Experimental inhibition of Streptococcus mutans using honeysuckle chewing gum].

PMID- 3858087
TI  - [The oral status of 509 aged people in Zhangjiakou].

PMID- 3858088
TI  - [Application of a hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) and the laser technic in
      diagnosis and treatment of oral tumors].

PMID- 3858089
TI  - Denaturation and condensation of DNA in situ induced by acridine orange in
      relation to chromatin changes during growth and differentiation of Friend
      erythroleukemia cells.
AB  - DNA in situ is progressively denatured when the cells or nuclei are treated with
      increasing concentration of acridine orange (AO). This transition can be
      monitored by flow cytometry as a decrease in green fluorescence. The complexes of
      denatured DNA and AO undergo immediate condensation and aggregation; this step is
      manifested by appearance of red luminescence and formation of precipitates that
      can be detected by electron microscopy. The precipitates form preferentially in
      heterochromatin as well as in ribosomes and polysomes. Their formation and
      further aggregation affects cellular light scatter properties in both the forward
      and right-angle direction. The AO-induced DNA denaturation and condensation was
      studied in nuclei of Friend erythroleukemia cells from exponentially growing,
      differentiated or quiescent cells. The DNA in nuclei of quiescent cells, from
      plateau-phase cultures, was the most sensitive to denaturation; it denatured
      (measured by changes in luminescence) at an AO concentration between 50 and 80
      microM with the midpoint of the transition (Cd) at 70 microM. DNA in nuclei of
      differentiated cells (dimethyl-sulfoxide-induced erythroid differentiation) was
      more resistant (Cd = 77-83 microM), whereas DNA in exponentially growing cells
      was the most resistant (Cd = 86 microM). Extraction of proteins with 0.1 M HCl at
      0 degree C abolished the differences between the cells and shifted the transition
      to a lower AO concentration (Cd = 46 microM). For comparison, the midpoint
      transitions representing condensation of free, nucleic acids measured as light
      scatter changes occurred at 13, 22, 31 and 53 microM of AO, for rRNA, tRNA, and
      denatured and native-calf thymus DNA, respectively. Denaturation and condensation
      of DNA, which can be induced by AO either in isolated nuclei or viable
      permeabilized or fixed cells provides a new approach to discriminate cell
      subpopulations with different chromatin structure by flow cytometry. The
      molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon are discussed.

PMID- 3858091
TI  - Effect of masticatory stimulation on dentoalveolar ankylosis after experimental
      tooth replantation.

PMID- 3858090
TI  - Effects of aspirin and prostaglandin E2 on interdigestive motility complex and
      duodenogastric reflux in man.
AB  - Both increased duodenogastric reflux and chronic aspirin ingestion are associated
      with the development of gastric ulcers in man. Animal studies suggest aspirin
      increases duodenogastric reflux. Prostaglandin E2 protects gastric mucosa from
      the effects of many injurious agents and inhibits gastric motility, but its
      effect on duodenogastric reflux is unknown. We have studied the effects of
      aspirin and a synthetic derivative of prostaglandin E2 on duodenogastric reflux
      during fasting in six normal subjects, while concomitantly monitoring
      gastrointestinal motility by means of a perfused catheter system. We found that
      duodenogastric reflux (as measured by bile salt output in gastric aspirates)
      increased significantly (P less than 0.05) following both the prostaglandin E2
      derivative and aspirin. This increase occurred in phases II and III of the
      interdigestive motility complex. Both drugs were associated with a significant
      reduction (P less than 0.05) in frequency and amplitude of antral contraction
      during phase II. Both drugs also induced a significant disruption (P less than
      0.01) of phase III, increasing the number of complexes without an antral and
      duodenal component. These effects of aspirin may be one of the factors
      predisposing to the gastric mucosal damage associated with aspirin. The
      prostaglandin E2 derivative protects gastric mucosa by mechanisms other than
      reducing duodenogastric reflux and ameliorating the motility disturbances caused
      by aspirin.

PMID- 3858092
TI  - Periapical tissue responses to dentin and vitreous carbon plugs in apical
      perforations of dogs' teeth.

PMID- 3858093
TI  - The radiopaque lesion: a diagnostic consideration.

PMID- 3858095
TI  - A retrospective study of direct pulp capping with calcium hydroxide compounds.

PMID- 3858094
TI  - Endodontic treatment of experimental root perforations in dog teeth.

PMID- 3858096
TI  - Long-term calcium hydroxide treatment of a tooth with iatrogenic root perforation
      and lateral periodontitis.

PMID- 3858097
TI  - Paget's disease of the mandible--a review and report of a case.

PMID- 3858098
TI  - Glycosphingolipids of the globo-series are associated with the monocytic lineage
      of human myeloid cells.
AB  - Neutral glycosphingolipids (neutral GSLs) of the human myeloid leukemia cell
      lines ML-2, ML-3, HL-60 and THP-1-0 were metabolically labeled with [3H]galactose
      and [3H]glucosamine, and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. They
      were compared with unlabeled neutral GSLs from purified human granulocytes and
      monocytes. Neutral GSLs were identified by retention times and the structures
      were further confirmed by degradation with specific exoglycosidases. Two neutral
      GSLs of the globoseries, globotetraosylceramide and globotriaosylceramide were
      found in monocytes and the monoblastic leukemia line THP-1-0. The leukemia
      derived cell-lines, ML-3 and HL-60, representing successively earlier stages of
      myeloid differentiation, contained respectively less neutral GSLs of the
      globoseries and an increasing proportion of (neo)lacto neutral GSLs. Granulocytes
      and the cell line ML-2 contained almost exclusively neutral GSLs of the
      (neo)lacto series.

PMID- 3858099
TI  - Electron microscopy of the Mo-Fe-protein from Azotobacter vinelandii nitrogenase.
AB  - The quaternary structure of the Mo-Fe-protein from Azotobacter vinelandii has
      been studied by electron microscopy. A model of the molecule of the Mo-Fe-protein
      has been proposed: two alpha subunits are displaced relative to two beta subunits
      along a twofold axis, so the molecule can be characterized by the point-group
      pseudosymmetry 222. Computer averaging of the images showed that one of the
      projections of the molecule could be characterized by twofold rotational
      symmetry. Micrographs of nitrogenase recombined complex (Mo-Fe-protein + Fe
      protein) have been obtained. They showed particles close in size and form to the
      Mo-Fe-protein molecule. Therefore, it has been proposed that the Fe-protein could
      be situated in the central cavity of Mo-Fe-protein.

PMID- 3858100
TI  - Unusual complications of central venous catheterization in thrombocytopenic
      patient.
AB  - An unusual complication from subclavian venous catheterization is reported. A 63
      year old white female with thrombocytopenia following chemotherapy for
      erythroleukemia developed mediastinal haematoma after inserting a left subclavian
      central catheter. Subsequent bilateral pleural effusion and right sided
      pneumothorax supervened and led to respiratory distress requiring multiple
      therapeutic thoracenteses.

PMID- 3858102
TI  - Studies of sympatho-adrenal reactivity and adrenoceptor function in bronchial
      asthma.
AB  - The aims of the present studies were to investigate sympatho-adrenal mechanisms
      and adrenergic receptor function in patients with bronchial asthma and healthy
      subjects. The patients were characterized with regard to the occurrence of
      exercise-, histamine- or allergen-induced bronchoconstriction in pre-trial tests.
      All medication was withdrawn during at least one week prior to the trials, in
      order to eliminate the influence of treatment. The patients were asymptomatic and
      had basal PEFR greater than 70% of predicted values prior to the trials. Healthy
      control subjects were matched with regard to sex and age. Alpha- and beta
      adrenoceptor responsiveness were studied with improved in vivo-techniques, where
      different responses were related to plasma concentrations rather than doses of
      the agonists administered. Sympatho-adrenal reactivity, as assessed by plasma
      noradrenaline and adrenaline responses, to an orthostatic test and exercise was
      normal in asthmatic subjects. Surprisingly, there was no plasma catecholamines
      response to histamine- or allergen-induced bronchoconstriction. High plasma
      levels of noradrenaline and phenylephrine (by i.v. infusion) had little or no
      influence on bronchial tone, despite marked cardiovascular effects, in patients
      with exercise-induced asthma (EIA) or healthy subjects. Elevation of circulating
      noradrenaline failed to alter bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine in asthmatic
      patients. The blood pressure responses to infused noradrenaline and phenylephrine
      were similar in patients with EIA and healthy subjects, but the ensuing
      bradycardia was more pronounced in the EIA-patients indicating an increased
      baroreceptor sensitivity in these patients. High, but physiological, plasma
      levels of adrenaline dilated the airways with regard to end-expiratory flow rates
      but not Sgaw or PEFR. Furthermore, allergen-induced bronchoconstriction was
      counteracted by elevation of circulating adrenaline in patients with allergic
      asthma. These findings indicate that adrenaline may participate in the regulation
      of airway tone under physiological conditions. Beta 2-adrenoceptor sensitivity
      was found to be reduced in patients with EIA when assessed by both in vitro and
      in vivo techniques, while patients with non-exercise induced asthma did not
      differ from controls in this respect. Lymphocytes from EIA-patients had a reduced
      cAMP response to isoprenaline. Furthermore, the beta 2-mediated increase in
      plasma cAMP and the reduction of diastolic blood pressure in response to i.v.
      isoprenaline infusions were attenuated in the EIA-patients. These results do not
      seem to be influenced by previous anti-asthmatic drug treatment or the severity
      of the disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3858101
TI  - Lymphocyte aging in allophenic mice.
AB  - Allophenic mice are chimeras which are produced from the aggregation of two
      genotypically distinct embryos. In this study, embryos from the C57BL/6J and A/J
      strains were used to produce C57BL/6J----A/J allophenic mice. These strains were
      chosen because of their markedly different lifespans, their different glucose
      phosphate isomerase (GPI) isozymes, and their different H-2 haplotypes [C57BL/6J:
      long-lived, Gpi-1b, H-2b; A/J: short-lived, Gpi-1a, H-2a]. The mice were bled at
      two month intervals and the composition of their peripheral blood lymphocytes
      determined at each point from analysis of GPI isozymes and H-2 antigens. It was
      found that the proportion of long-lived (C57BL/6J) lymphocytes tended to increase
      with age. Moreover, the total lifespan of the allophenic mice was directly
      related to the percentage of long-lived lymphocytes in their peripheral blood.

PMID- 3858104
TI  - Treatment of temporomandibular disc dislocation with a modified orthopedic
      corrector.

PMID- 3858103
TI  - A potential difference across mouse ovarian follicle.
AB  - A small potential difference (antrum positive) has been measured with fine-tipped
      glass microelectrodes across the epithelial cell layers of the mouse ovarian
      follicle wall. As ovulation approached the potential in the antrum became more
      positive compared to the outside. Metabolic inhibitors and locally active
      hormones also altered the potential difference. The ionic basis and the
      significance of the potential difference are unknown.

PMID- 3858105
TI  - Leaf gauge technique.

PMID- 3858106
TI  - Treatment of skeletal open bite and mandibular retrognathia.

PMID- 3858107
TI  - [In vitro study of plaque accumulation on the surface of composite filling
      materials].

PMID- 3858108
TI  - [Prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with cleft palate].

PMID- 3858109
TI  - [Conference on salt fluoridation].

PMID- 3858110
TI  - Infection control in the dental office and laboratory.

PMID- 3858111
TI  - Child's play: techniques to promote cooperation from the child dental patient.

PMID- 3858112
TI  - The dental assistant's role in monitoring conscious sedation and general
      anesthesia.

PMID- 3858113
TI  - Sitting on an iceberg.

PMID- 3858114
TI  - An economic analysis of how PPO's may affect the dental assisting profession
      (Part I).

PMID- 3858115
TI  - PPOs: scoring points in the busyness game.

PMID- 3858117
TI  - An update on mercury hygiene.

PMID- 3858116
TI  - Amalgam in motion.

PMID- 3858118
TI  - Hepatitis update.

PMID- 3858119
TI  - The portrayal of women on prime-time television.

PMID- 3858120
TI  - [Metal-ceramic crowns in the dental office and the dental laboratory].

PMID- 3858121
TI  - Can your records withstand the malpractice test?

PMID- 3858122
TI  - How to avoid problems with partners and associates.

PMID- 3858124
TI  - Continuing education: maximize your course time.

PMID- 3858123
TI  - Dental insurance: putting an end to the paper chase.

PMID- 3858125
TI  - Drugs in dentistry. Sedatives.

PMID- 3858126
TI  - Total recall keeps your patients coming back.

PMID- 3858127
TI  - The best way to handle after-hours emergencies.

PMID- 3858128
TI  - Word-processing: maximize your patient communications.

PMID- 3858129
TI  - PR for the dental office: turning the public into patients.

PMID- 3858131
TI  - The World Health Organization. An interview with Ruth Nowjack-Raymer.

PMID- 3858130
TI  - Drugs in dentistry. Sedatives/hypnotic drugs.

PMID- 3858132
TI  - Dental knowledge of Israeli schoolchildren. A pilot study.

PMID- 3858133
TI  - Dental health in Thailand. A conversation with Cheryl Metzger.

PMID- 3858134
TI  - Patient care coordinator. An innovative program.

PMID- 3858136
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome. An occupational risk to the dental hygienist.

PMID- 3858135
TI  - Public health education and promotion for caries prevention. The role of dental
      hygiene programs.

PMID- 3858137
TI  - Pathways to publications. Part I.

PMID- 3858138
TI  - Detecting common errors in research design.

PMID- 3858139
TI  - Whom does the ADHA represent?

PMID- 3858140
TI  - Pathways to publications. Part II.

PMID- 3858141
TI  - How a dental museum cultivated my roots.

PMID- 3858142
TI  - Computerization vs. non-computerization: which team will you join?

PMID- 3858143
TI  - Are you buying a darling or a dragon?

PMID- 3858144
TI  - How you can successively select a tax adviser.

PMID- 3858145
TI  - What can job sharing do for you and your staff?

PMID- 3858146
TI  - Missionary dentistry expands your clinical horizon.

PMID- 3858147
TI  - Big business: new dentist on the competitive block.

PMID- 3858149
TI  - What to look for when locating a practice.

PMID- 3858148
TI  - Dental XYZ and the rest of the alphabet soup.

PMID- 3858150
TI  - Hiring the right employee: it takes more than luck.

PMID- 3858151
TI  - Buying vs. leasing. Should you buy or lease your dental office?

PMID- 3858152
TI  - How you can master your professional reading.

PMID- 3858153
TI  - Where will your patients come from?

PMID- 3858155
TI  - Equipment buying guidelines--your blueprint for success.

PMID- 3858154
TI  - Outreach programs: students teaching students.

PMID- 3858156
TI  - To buy or not to buy: that is the question.

PMID- 3858157
TI  - Termination: making an uneasy task easier.

PMID- 3858158
TI  - How you can nurture your office productivity.

PMID- 3858159
TI  - What basic features should system include?

PMID- 3858160
TI  - Why you need contract protection.

PMID- 3858162
TI  - Unique ways to use your dental degree.

PMID- 3858161
TI  - Boost your collections with commandments.

PMID- 3858163
TI  - Correlate those basic and clinical sciences.

PMID- 3858164
TI  - Orthodontic intervention as an aid in restorative dentistry.
AB  - The successful treatment of patients with multiple problems can be achieved with
      a multidisciplinary approach. Orthodontics as part of an integrated treatment
      plan can significantly enhance a favorable result. The intent of this article was
      to provide insight into the range of treatment options available.

PMID- 3858165
TI  - The new generation amalgam alloys. Clinical considerations.
AB  - There is a good deal of current speculation that composite resin materials will
      shortly replace silver amalgam as routine posterior restoration systems. This
      article provides guidelines in the selection and clinical handling of the new
      generation high copper amalgam alloys.

PMID- 3858166
TI  - Composite resins.
AB  - The interest in posterior composite resins has grown rapidly during the last
      several years. Much of the interest has been initiated by a demand for esthetic
      dentistry. Some has developed as a result of a concern by some for mercury
      sensitivity. Despite their growing popularity, a number of major problems
      persist. Some of these deal with the restorative material, whereas others relate
      to the clinical techniques associated with their use. Before the clinician
      considers the use of composite resins in posterior teeth, he or she should be
      familiar with conditions that strongly influence clinical behavior.

PMID- 3858167
TI  - Special considerations for restorative dentistry in geriatric patients.
AB  - Restorative dental procedures for the elderly patient should be conservative. The
      principal objectives should be to do what is most constructive to keep the dental
      structures intact, functional, comfortable, and cosmetically pleasing. The
      dentist has the responsibility to do whatever is possible or most expedient to
      improve and maintain the quality of life for the aged.

PMID- 3858168
TI  - Passing the laboratory on (2).

PMID- 3858169
TI  - Running a dental laboratory. Part five: the premises.

PMID- 3858170
TI  - Computer classroom--Part 1. Microcomputers: new members of the dental laboratory
      team.

PMID- 3858171
TI  - Focus on furnaces.

PMID- 3858173
TI  - Computer classroom. Part 2: down to business...

PMID- 3858172
TI  - Running a dental laboratory. Part six: employers and the law.

PMID- 3858174
TI  - Some business problems.

PMID- 3858175
TI  - An interchangeable simple-hinge articulator.

PMID- 3858176
TI  - A technique for the production of opening activators using Triad VLC acrylic.

PMID- 3858177
TI  - The use of Duralay resin as a die material for long, narrow, anterior crown and
      bridge dies.

PMID- 3858178
TI  - The use of prelocation in bimaxillary osteotomy procedures.

PMID- 3858179
TI  - Hypnosis in dentistry.

PMID- 3858180
TI  - The Belle Maudsley memorial lecture 1984. The bionator: its use and "abuse". Part
      1.

PMID- 3858181
TI  - Will a three-allele model of inheritance explain the HLA data for type 1 (insulin
      dependent) diabetes?
AB  - The HLA data from nine published studies on Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes
      were examined to see whether a three-allele model for the inheritance of Type 1
      diabetes at the HLA-associated locus could be rejected. None of the data rejected
      the three-allele model. The data were also examined to see whether they would
      reject a recessive model. Out of the nine data sets, five rejected a recessive
      and four did not. The p value for all studies together rejected a recessive. Two
      of the data sets allowed us to test the hypothesis that multiplex and simplex
      families would exhibit different modes of inheritance. Multiplex data from both
      data sets rejected recessive inheritance while the multiplex data from only one
      data set also rejected three-allele inheritance. The results of assuming a
      recessive model and analyzing the data from simplex families led to different
      results from the two data sets. In addition, data from a non-European population
      were examined and found to reject both recessive and three-allele inheritance for
      Type 1 diabetes at the HLA-associated locus.

PMID- 3858182
TI  - Selective expression of adult beta-globin but not embryonic y-globin genes in
      hybrids of mouse yolk-sac and erythroleukemia cells.
AB  - Hybrid cells from mouse erythroleukemia and yolk-sac cells from 12-day-old mouse
      embryos were formed, and the expression of adult beta-globin and embryonic y
      globin genes was examined. In these hybrid cells, hemoglobin synthesis could be
      induced by the addition of dimethylsulfoxide. The adult beta-globin genes from
      both parental chromosomes were expressed, but embryonic y-globin genes were not.
      These results suggest that the expression of adult genes dominates that of
      embryonic genes.

PMID- 3858184
TI  - Sjogren's syndrome.

PMID- 3858183
TI  - Fear and anxiety reduction in the geriatric dental patient.

PMID- 3858185
TI  - Contemporary treatment strategies for root surface dental caries.

PMID- 3858186
TI  - Mandibular dysfunction related to dental, occlusal and prosthetic conditions in a
      selected elderly population.

PMID- 3858187
TI  - Oral dyskinesia of the aged. I. Clinical aspects.

PMID- 3858188
TI  - Symptoms and the decision to seek professional care.

PMID- 3858189
TI  - Early plaque formation in young and elderly individuals.

PMID- 3858190
TI  - Addition to labeling of cholestyramine.

PMID- 3858191
TI  - Central control of intestinal motility by prostaglandins: a mediator of the
      actions of several peptides in rats and dogs.
AB  - The effect of intracerebroventricular and intravenous administrations of
      prostaglandin E2 on gastrointestinal motility were investigated in conscious rats
      and dogs using electrodes and strain gauges, respectively. Injections were
      performed during the fed state and the motor changes were compared with those
      after intracerebroventricular administration of calcitonin, neurotensin, and (D
      Ala2, Met5) enkephalinamide. Intracerebroventricular administration of
      prostaglandin E2 (0.5 micrograms) to fed rats restored the migrating myoelectric
      complex for 67 +/- 16 min. A migrating myoelectric complex-restoring effect was
      also observed after intracerebroventricular administration of calcitonin (0.02 U)
      and neurotensin (80 ng). This effect was blocked by previous
      intracerebroventricular administration of indomethacin (0.25 mg). Administered
      centrally to dogs but not intravenously at a 10-fold greater dose, prostaglandin
      E2 (0.1 microgram/kg) reduced (52.8%) the duration of the jejunal postprandial
      motor state similarly to that observed after intracerebroventricular
      administration of calcitonin (0.1 U/kg), neurotensin (0.1 microgram/kg), and (D
      Ala2, Met5) enkephalinamide (0.1 microgram/kg). These effects of calcitonin and
      neurotensin were abolished 4 h after an intramuscular injection of indomethacin
      (2 mg/kg), whereas those of (D-Ala2, Met5) enkephalinamide persisted. These
      results suggest that (a) prostaglandins act centrally to control the pattern of
      intestinal motility in both rats and dogs and (b) calcitonin and neurotensin when
      injected intracerebroventricularly affect the intestinal motor profile probably
      by stimulating prostaglandin release within the brain.

PMID- 3858192
TI  - [Results of polychemotherapy of lymphoblastic leukemia in children].

PMID- 3858193
TI  - [Significance of prognostic factors in the evaluation of resistance to therapy of
      patients with lymphoblastic leukemia].

PMID- 3858194
TI  - [Results of treatment and prevention of neuroleukemia in children].

PMID- 3858195
TI  - [Course of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with marked initial hyperleukocytosis at
      a young age].

PMID- 3858196
TI  - [Current state of the problem of treatment of acute leukemia].

PMID- 3858197
TI  - [Prognosis and treatment of lymphosarcoma in the leukemic transformation stage of
      acute leukemia].

PMID- 3858198
TI  - Microbiologically monitored and modulated periodontal therapy.

PMID- 3858199
TI  - Journey to quality in a changing dental environment.

PMID- 3858200
TI  - Hypoplasia and hypodontia of the maxillary lateral incisors.

PMID- 3858201
TI  - Stability of hydrogen peroxide as a bleaching agent.

PMID- 3858202
TI  - Hypertensive episode in the dental office.

PMID- 3858203
TI  - Mucosal lumps in a newborn.

PMID- 3858204
TI  - Parotid enlargement and tooth erosion.

PMID- 3858205
TI  - Effect of temperature, 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone and
      prostaglandin F2 alpha on carp oocyte maturation and ovulation in vitro.
AB  - Two series of experiments were carried out. In series I, studies were conducted
      on the effect of 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone (17 alpha 20 beta
      P; 1 microgram/ml of substrate) on the migration of germinal vesicle (GV) and its
      breakdown (BD) in the oocytes of carp ovarian fragments, kept at 5, 10, 15, 20,
      and 25 degrees C. For investigations ovarian fragments were taken both from
      intact mature females and from those injected with carp hypophysial homogenate
      (chh) at a dose of 1 mg/kg. It was found that GV migration and GVBD occurred at
      15-25 degrees C. Based on the results obtained, it appears that GV migration
      proceeds optimally at 15 degrees C, whereas GVBD requires higher temperatures (20
      25 degrees C), although at times it may also take place at 15 degrees C. In
      series II, studies were conducted on the effects of exogenous prostaglandin F2
      alpha (PGF2 alpha) on carp oocytes ovulation in vitro in the ovarian fragments
      kept at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 degrees C for 24 and 48 hr. It was found that the
      temperatures in the range studied had no statistically significant effect on the
      ovulation process induced in vitro by exogenic PGF2 alpha added to the medium.
      The mechanisms of the final stage of carp oocytes maturation and ovulation are
      discussed.

PMID- 3858206
TI  - Monoclonal antibody defines CA 19-9 in pancreatic juices and sera.
AB  - In a retrospective study pancreatic juice samples (n = 213) and corresponding
      serum samples (n = 110) were assayed for their concentration of monoclonal
      antibody defined CA 19-9/GICA (gastrointestinal cancer associated antigen). Serum
      CA 19-9 values were found to be good diagnostic and discriminating markers for
      pancreatic disorders and were raised (greater than 50 u/ml) in more than 80% of
      the pancreatic cancer patients compared to 8.5% of the pancreatitis group and
      none of the control group. In contrast pancreatic juice CA 19-9 values showed a
      considerable overlap between groups. On the basis of recent molecular data on the
      monoclonal antibody 19-9 defined antigen(s)--that is, monosialoganglioside, mucin
      -it is proposed that the discrepancies between serum and pancreatic juice
      findings are due to a specific undirected endocrine release of the mucin into
      sera in pancreatic tumour patients while in pancreatic juices of all diagnostic
      groups high CA 19-9 activities are either owing to coexistence of glycolipid and
      mucin or that the latter is a physiologically exocrine product.

PMID- 3858208
TI  - To the question of leukaemia transmission from man to man by means of parenteral
      application of leukaemic blood: report of a case and survey of the literature.
AB  - During a diagnostic collection, leukaemic blood was applied intramuscularly to a
      nurse. She has been in full clinical health for more than two years. The reported
      accidents or intentional attempts at human leukaemia transmission are discussed
      and it is concluded that until now human leukaemia has not been transmitted by
      any way.

PMID- 3858207
TI  - Acute myeloid leukemia in childhood: 12 years experience of treatment in Hungary.
AB  - During the 12-year period between 1971 and 1982 leukemia was diagnosed in 759
      children in Hungary. Of these, 123 (16%) had acute myeloid or myelomonocytic
      leukemia. This corresponds to an annual incidence rate of 6.15 cases per 10(6)
      children. Analysis of the presentation symptoms at diagnosis showed a higher
      incidence of septic signs but otherwise no difference to those in acute lymphoid
      leukemia. Treatment schedules were intensified successively in stepwise fashion.
      Remission rates rose from 34% to 66%, and remission lengths also improved. Of the
      prognostic factors analyzed, initial WBC count in excess of 50 G/1 was found to
      confer bad prognosis, while the other factors had no significant effect on
      disease-free survival.

PMID- 3858209
TI  - [The psychology of sucking habits].

PMID- 3858211
TI  - [The lower lip as an indicator of orofacial dyskinesias].

PMID- 3858210
TI  - [Orofacial dyskinesias and changes in the nasal, naso- and oropharyngeal
      airways].

PMID- 3858212
TI  - [Modification of mandibular growth by various appliances].

PMID- 3858213
TI  - [Imaging of the form and structure of the mandible by computed tomography].

PMID- 3858215
TI  - [Elucidation of anthropological methods as an instrument for determining the
      typologically normal external anatomy of the European or Caucasoid facial system.
      III. The use of anthropometric methods].

PMID- 3858214
TI  - [Periodontal and alveolar reactions to tipping dental loading--an experimental
      animal study].

PMID- 3858216
TI  - JCAH assesses quality of care in multihospitals.

PMID- 3858217
TI  - Determination of alpha 2HS-glycoprotein phenotypes by isoelectric focusing and
      immunoblotting: polymorphic occurrence of HSGA*5 in Okinawa.
AB  - A print immunofixation is a very useful procedure for the demonstration of alpha
      2HS-glycoprotein (HSGA) following polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing.
      However, this technique has the one disadvantage of requiring a large volume of
      expensive antiserum. In this paper an alternative detection system is presented
      which involves the non-electric transfer of HSGA from a focused gel to a
      nitrocellulose filter and the immunologic detection of HSGA immobilized on
      nitrocellulose. Using this method the distribution of HSGA polymorphism in the
      Nepalese and Japanese populations was investigated. All the populations tested
      were found to lack the common HSGA*3 of the Caucasians. A rare HSGA*5 in Honshu,
      a main island of Japan, was observed at polymorphic frequency in Okinawa,
      Southern Japan.

PMID- 3858218
TI  - Mapping X-linked ophthalmic diseases: II. Linkage relationship of X-linked
      retinitis pigmentosa to X chromosomal short arm markers.
AB  - X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) is a series of hereditary dystrophic
      diseases of the retina that occur in three clinically distinguishable variants:
      the classic form (McK31360), a type known as choroidoretinal dystrophy
      (McK30330), and a variant with golden-metallic or "tapetal" reflex in the
      heterozygote (McK30320). Controversy exists as to whether these phenotypic
      differences are due to clinical variability in disease expression, heterogeneity
      in disease alleles at a single locus, or a multiplicity of loci for XLRP. We have
      studied a single large kindred segregating for XLRP with the metallic fundus
      reflex in the heterozygote with restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)
      from the short arm of the human X chromosome, and found measurable linkage to
      DXS7 (theta = 12.5 cMorgans at LOD = 2.5), the same RFLP previously shown by
      others to be tightly linked to the other forms of XLRP at theta = 3 cM. Although
      these estimates appeared to be different, each fell just within the 95%
      probability interval of the other and, therefore, were insufficient to prove or
      disprove that the metallic sheen form of XLRP is allelic with other forms of
      XLRP. Additional RFLPs at the DXS43 and the ornithine transcarbamoylase loci
      provided three-point crosses for determining the relative positions of DXS7 and
      XLRP, and supported an order that placed this form of XLRP distal to DXS7 on the
      Xp. Until the question of genetic heterogeneity is resolved, careful phenotypic
      characterization of the clinical type of XLRP present in families being used for
      linkage analyses is advisable.

PMID- 3858219
TI  - Multiallelic restriction fragment polymorphisms in genetic counseling: population
      genetic considerations.
AB  - The use of selectively neutral, multiallelic molecular markers to trace the
      transmission of tightly linked genes is examined theoretically for all genetic
      counseling situations in which the diagnosis of deleterious progeny is desired.
      Formulae are computed in terms of the gametic frequency distribution in the
      population, for the expected fraction of matings (alpha i) which allow exact
      diagnosis on the basis of the marker alleles transmitted, assuming an arbitrary
      number (n) of alleles segregating at the marker locus and possibly nonrandom
      associations between the loci. In each case, it is shown that the diagnostic
      value of a multiallelic marker increases as n increases, with approximately 1-1/n
      matings informative, on average.

PMID- 3858220
TI  - A sero-biochemical genetic study of Jalari and Brahmin caste populations of
      Andhra Pradesh, India.
AB  - Blood specimens from Jalari and Brahmin caste populations of Andhra Pradesh,
      India, were examined for blood groups, red cell enzymes, and serum proteins. Of
      33 genetic loci studied, 16 were observed to be invariant among both the castes,
      while common polymorphism or rare variants were observed in one or both
      populations for the other loci. Three rare heterozygotes at the
      phosphoglucoisomerase locus, two different peptidase A variants occurring once
      each and single cases of rare 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and transferrin
      variants were recorded. Also a few cases of hemoglobin AS and anhaptoglobinemia
      were observed. The difference in rare variants between the two castes is
      conspicuous but large differences in their gene frequencies at the polymorphic
      loci were not observed. It is pointed out that the frequency of rare variants in
      the tribal and caste populations of Southern India appears to be higher than
      observed in temperate-dwelling civilized populations.

PMID- 3858222
TI  - [How to carry out an epidemiological survey from simple information].

PMID- 3858221
TI  - Growth of human basophil lines derived from chronic myelocytic leukaemia cells in
      vitro: ultrastructure and X-ray microanalysis studies.
AB  - Mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood of patients with chronic myelocytic
      leukaemia were grown and expanded in liquid culture in the presence of Con A
      conditioned medium. An accelerated development of cells of the basophilic lineage
      was observed and resulted in the appearance of 85% mature basophils after 14 days
      of incubation. Transmission electron microscopy of developing basophils showed
      changes in the nucleus and active granule formation in the cytoplasm. By scanning
      electron microscopy, the immature cells were relatively smooth in comparison with
      the mature basophils which showed membranous microvilli. The chemical content of
      the cells at different days of culture was detected by X-ray microanalysis.
      Immature cells were characterized by a high level of phosphorus with a low level
      of sulphur. As maturation progressed, the amount of phosphorus decreased, while
      the level of the sulphur increased, reaching its highest peak in the mature
      basophils. The different amount of sulphur found in the cells during the
      maturational process most probably represents the amount of heparin located in
      the cell granules. This finding may be useful for studying the influence of
      growth factors on the development and differentiation of human basophils.

PMID- 3858223
TI  - [Dental care in French Polynesia. Reality and prospects].

PMID- 3858224
TI  - [Relation between amebiasis and the oral mucosa].

PMID- 3858225
TI  - [Relations between the dental office and the laboratory: role of the assistant
      and the technician].

PMID- 3858226
TI  - The rationale for caries prevention through the use of sugar substitutes.
AB  - The emergence of S. mutans in the plaque flora appears to have depended upon the
      ability of the organism to sequester sucrose from dietary sources, particularly
      from between-meal, snack-type foods. S. mutans appears to have a pH optimum at
      about the pH required for tooth solution to begin. This specialization which
      makes S. mutans cariogenic, also makes it vulnerable to dietary regimens that
      contain few or no sucrose snacks. As snacks are consumed by youngsters, primarily
      for pleasure, the use of pleasant tasting sucrose substitutes, that cannot be
      fermented by the plaque flora and especially by S. mutans, constitutes a viable
      tactic for caries control. The potential of this approach was demonstrated by the
      80 per cent reduction of caries relative to a sucrose control which was observed
      with a xylitol chewing gum in the Turku study.

PMID- 3858227
TI  - The effect of sweeteners on acid production in plaque.
AB  - In studies of the pH response of dental plaque in situ to rinses with
      conventional sugars, glucose and maltose give similar falls in pH, and fructose
      only slightly smaller effects compared with sucrose. Lactose and galactose are
      less acidogenic, while the pH response to glucose syrups varies according to
      their composition. Of the sugar alcohols, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol and
      lactitol are all slowly fermented to acid by oral bacterial, and xylitol is
      virtually non-fermentable. Acid formation in plaque by fermentable sugar alcohols
      can be too slow to overcome the buffering power of plaque and saliva and plaque
      pH can rise following exposure to these compounds. Lycasin, a synthetic sweetener
      containing sorbitol, maltitol and some higher sugar alcohols gives effects
      similar to its major constituents. Palatinit, L-sorbose and
      trichlorogalactosucrose are of low acidogenicity, but coupling sugar is more
      fermentable and can give rise to a substantial pH response, albeit less than
      sucrose. Non-nutritive intense sweeteners may affect plaque pH by their
      sialogogue effects.

PMID- 3858228
TI  - Fluoride in sugar.
AB  - Results of caries model studies in vitro and in animals suggest that the tooth
      protective potential of fluoride may be best utilized if fluoride is brought to
      the local caries milieu at the moment of each caries attack. Two clinical trials
      performed so far indicate that a reduction in caries increment of about 40 per
      cent can be obtained within 3 years through small (0.5-1.0 mg) daily intakes of
      fluoride when it is incorporated in highly cariogenic sucrose products or in
      tablets having a sucrose base. When incorporated in sucrose products, fluoride
      caused a complete arrest of caries during the third year. There was substantial
      accumulation of the supplemental fluoride in surface and subsurface enamel
      beneath the plaque fermenting the F-supplemented sucrose. This may be one of the
      preventive mechanisms involved. In plaque fluid, the supplemental fluoride,
      together with fluoride released from the plaque material and by the action of
      acid on the surface enamel of high fluoride content, may strongly reduce further
      enamel dissolution and promote its remineralization. Further metabolism of the
      plaque bacteria including their acid production may also be inhibited. Among the
      many advantages of using this principle are that: the supplemental fluoride in
      sugar automatically seeks the caries risk subjects who use sugary products; the
      amount of fluoride needed per kg of sugar may remain low and thus the risk of
      excessive intake of fluoride may also be low; the technical process is low in
      cost and easily performed; and the products are easily distributed nationwide.
      Furthermore, non-fluoridated sugary products may still be distributed to those
      who may continue to prefer them.

PMID- 3858230
TI  - The implications of changing patterns in oral health for the general practice of
      dentistry.
AB  - Recent reports from several developed countries have shown reductions in caries
      prevalence, especially amongst children. As a result of these changes, dental
      practice surveys show that dentists now work fewer hours at the chairside and see
      fewer patients. There has been a decline in the time patients have to wait for
      appointments. There is anxiety amongst general dental practitioners that their
      income is reducing. The school dental service in the developed countries would be
      the first casualty of the caries-free society, and the reduction in demand for
      the services of school dental nurses has led to the closure of some training
      institutions. If the caries decline persists, the volume of restorative work will
      fall and there will be a shift of emphasis to periodontal care and geriatric
      dentistry. A change of attitude to the utilization of dental auxiliaries is
      predicted. In the developing countries, a restorative strategy is no answer to
      the increasing prevalence of dental caries, as most developing countries cannot
      afford the armamentarium required or its maintenance. The use of dental
      auxiliaries, especially dental hygienists, may not cope with the worsening
      picture of oral disease. It is proposed that volunteers recruited from the urban
      and rural areas be trained as lay health advisors. The prospects for the dentist
      in most developing countries are those of excessive work load, high cost of
      dental services and the continued neglect of preventive dental care.

PMID- 3858229
TI  - Xylitol and caries: the collaborative WHO oral disease preventive programme in
      Hungary.
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess the practical value of peroral xylitol at low
      to moderate dosage as a caries preventive measure. The trial was planned as a
      field study to test the feasibility of partial sucrose substitution in the
      relatively uniform conditions expected to occur in institutionalized children.
      The caries increment in the experimental group (X-group) was compared with the
      increments in other groups following the systemic administration of fluoride in
      milk or drinking water (F-group), and conventional dental treatment procedures
      alone (C-group). Conventional treatment was also provided for children in the X-
      and F-groups who used in an unsupervised manner a fluoride-containing dentifrice.
      The dentifrice used by the X-group also contained 10 per cent xylitol. The C
      group used predominantly fluoride-free dentifrices. At baseline there were 990
      children in the study. At the end of the 3-year study period there were 689
      subjects. The caries scoring into four main categories was carried out yearly
      according to WHO criteria. The analysis of the data showed highly significant
      differences between the X-, F- and C-groups when measuring caries activity as the
      increment of DMF teeth and tooth surfaces, and also as the increment rate
      assessing the true caries incidence in a biostatistical sense. These results were
      obtained in conditions where caries prevalence and incidence continued to be
      high. The observations indicate that peroral xylitol has a cariostatic effect.

PMID- 3858231
TI  - Manpower and the future role of dentistry in developing countries.
AB  - The latest information from the WHO Global Data Bank confirms that oral disease
      prevalence figures are deteriorating for most of the developing countries.
      Although, oral diseases are preventable, inadequate application of preventive
      measures and inappropriate establishment of oral health care delivery systems
      including the employment of unsuitable oral health personnel categories, may have
      led to the ineffective control of these problems. There is now a need to consider
      the types of oral health services actually needed in developing countries and the
      future role dentistry will need to adopt to ensure that manpower resources
      adequately meet the requirements of the population. An analysis of the extent and
      severity of oral diseases and the demands of populations in these countries
      reveals that the majority of the services required are fundamentally restorative,
      rehabilitative and preventive. These services could be carried out by various
      types of dental auxiliaries and non-dental personnel. This approach complies with
      the strategy of the universal three-level model which will operate by a referral
      system based on full community involvement at the primary health care level. In
      this way the ratio of members of the oral health team to population may be
      calculated on the basis of the most relevant information. Under the supervision
      of the Oral Health Unit, WHO and the Intercountry Centre for Oral Health,
      Thailand, health service research is being undertaken to test the possible
      application of the primary health care approach to the design of an effective
      oral health delivery system for developing countries.

PMID- 3858232
TI  - The implications of changing patterns in oral health for dental education.
AB  - Reports from many countries indicate that there has recently been a significant
      reduction in the prevalence of dental caries. Survey questionnaires were sent to
      131 dental schools in 58 countries to determine the perceptions of dental
      educators to changing oral disease patterns. The educators were asked to indicate
      changes which had occurred in their respective curricula relative to the disease
      trends. They were asked to speculate on future curricular changes. Thirty-six
      schools in 21 countries replied. Most respondents indicated a decrease in the
      prevalence of dental caries, but little perception of changes in other oral
      diseases. Whereas, many adjustments have been made in dental curricula, there is
      little to indicate that the changes are related to variations in oral disease
      patterns. A new dilemma faces dental education for there is a need to broaden the
      scope of skills to be attained by the dental student to support a wide range of
      dental practice, while maintaining skills in restorative dentistry. More
      intensive continuous epidemiological studies of oral diseases need to be
      conducted. Dental school administrators need to be informed about oral disease
      trends and should adjust their curricula accordingly.

PMID- 3858234
TI  - The effect of different files on the preparation shape of severely curved canals.

PMID- 3858233
TI  - Microbiological aspects of some caloric sugar substitutes.
AB  - Several caloric sugar substitutes are available today, e.g. maltitol, Lycasin,
      sorbitol, xylitol, palatinit, sorbose, coupling sugar, palatinose, fructose and
      invert sugar. When evaluating the cariogenicity of these sugar substitutes from a
      bacteriological point of view, different analytical procedures should be
      considered. In vitro studies on the capacity of pure oral bacterial strains and
      dental plaque material to decompose the substitute to acid. Studies on the
      catabolism of the substitute. Possible adaptation of the oral microflora to
      metabolize the substitute in vivo as well as in vitro. Studies on any inhibitory
      effect of the substitute on the microbial activities in dental plaque and on the
      oral microflora. The capacity of oral bacteria, e.g. Streptococcus mutans, to
      induce caries in animal experiments should also be considered. Results from such
      microbiological studies make it possible to classify the caloric sugar
      substitutes into different groups. The first, most suitable, group seems to
      consist of xylitol and sorbose. These substitutes are fermented by few oral
      bacteria and no negative adaptation of the oral flora has been observed. A
      reducing effect upon dental plaque formation and on acid production from glucose
      has been reported. A second group consists of maltitol, palatinite, palatinose,
      sorbitol and Lycasin. These substitutes are fermented by certain groups of
      organisms within the oral genera Actinomyces, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus.
      Adaptation of oral bacteria to palatinose and to sorbitol, resulting in a more
      pronounced acid production, has been observed. No inhibitory effects have been
      reported. The results from experimental studies suggest that these sugar
      substitutes have no or little cariogenic action in rodents inoculated with S.
      mutans.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3858235
TI  - The relationship between periodontal and pulpal disease.

PMID- 3858236
TI  - Bone sequestration following root canal therapy: a case report.

PMID- 3858237
TI  - Posterior endodontic surgery: anatomical considerations and clinical techniques.

PMID- 3858238
TI  - Resorption of autotransplanted human teeth: a retrospective study of 291
      transplantations over a period of 25 years.

PMID- 3858240
TI  - Chemotactic effect of enamel matrix.

PMID- 3858239
TI  - Dynamics of hard tissues--the reaction of the periodontal ligament and mandibular
      bone to altered occlusion.

PMID- 3858241
TI  - Bone resorption in periodontal diseases: role of bacterial factors.

PMID- 3858242
TI  - Clinical endodontic and surgical management of tooth and associated bone
      resorption.

PMID- 3858243
TI  - General morphological aspects of resorption of teeth and alveolar bone.

PMID- 3858244
TI  - Orthognathic surgery--a clinical update.

PMID- 3858245
TI  - [Uptake and release of GABA by rat brain synaptosomes. 2. Action of Nefopam].

PMID- 3858246
TI  - [Biocompatibility of the glass ionomer cements in short-term controls].

PMID- 3858247
TI  - [Evaluation of silicone material Zetaflex for dental impressions].

PMID- 3858248
TI  - [Connective tissue flap in a case of hypotrophy of the edentulous alveolar crest:
      clinical indications].

PMID- 3858250
TI  - [Radio-opacity of lining cements].

PMID- 3858249
TI  - [Radio-opacity of root canal cements].

PMID- 3858251
TI  - [2 unusual cases of dental agenesis].

PMID- 3858252
TI  - [A new frame for rubber dam].

PMID- 3858253
TI  - [Ceramic apatites: comparative microstructure with SEM].

PMID- 3858254
TI  - [Mandibular fracture. Analysis of 272 cases].

PMID- 3858255
TI  - [Histological evaluation of the use of lasers in the healing of wounds:
      experimental study].

PMID- 3858256
TI  - [Estradiol hormone receptors in human gingiva: preliminary results].

PMID- 3858259
TI  - [Osteosynthesis fixation: SEM observations (preliminary note)].

PMID- 3858258
TI  - [Use of 904 nm laser in dentistry: 1st clinical experience].

PMID- 3858257
TI  - [Epulis (anatomopathologic considerations in 100 cases)].

PMID- 3858260
TI  - [HLA antigens in the etiopathogenesis of pemphigus].

PMID- 3858262
TI  - Optimum temporomandibular joint condyle position in clinical practice.

PMID- 3858263
TI  - Root coverage using the free soft tissue autograft following citric acid
      application. III. A successful and predictable procedure in areas of deep-wide
      recession.

PMID- 3858261
TI  - [Experimental evaluation of metallic bone implants in the rat].

PMID- 3858264
TI  - The condylar position: in sickness and in health (Oh when do we part?).

PMID- 3858265
TI  - Changing the teaching of dental anatomy to change the mental habits of dental
      practitioners.

PMID- 3858266
TI  - Problems in the evaluation of therapeutic procedures in view of recent
      periodontal research findings.

PMID- 3858267
TI  - A classification of marginal tissue recession.

PMID- 3858268
TI  - The aura.

PMID- 3858269
TI  - K: a presumed case of telekinesis.

PMID- 3858270
TI  - An updated report profiling the practicing dentist in Iowa.

PMID- 3858271
TI  - The etiology and treatment of intrinsic discolorations.

PMID- 3858272
TI  - Clinical value of CA 19-9 (carbohydrate antigen) in gastrointestinal
      adenocarcinoma.
AB  - CA 19-9 and CEA serum levels were determined before and 7 days after surgery in
      140 patients with gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, and in 70 patients with
      gastrointestinal non neoplastic diseases. CA 19-9 test was shown to be positive
      in 37.9% of colorectal cancer, in 32.6% of gastric cancer and in 77.8% of
      pancreatic cancer. CA 19-9 test was also shown to be more sensitive for colonic
      cancer with respect to rectal cancer (40.9% vs. 23.5%). CA 19-9 test is more
      sensitive and specific than CEA. In particular, the reported results suggest the
      clinical value of CA 19-9 test in the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and
      as a suitable parameter in the follow-up of gastrointestinal cancer.

PMID- 3858273
TI  - Preleukemic syndrome in elderly patients--report of 11 cases.
AB  - The preleukemic syndrome occurs mainly after middle age. We report 11 patients,
      aged 62 to 92 years, who presented with weakness, fatigue, malaise and pallor.
      Eight patients died; survival from the time of diagnosis was between 2 and 21
      months. Two of them developed acute myelomonocytic leukemia. A third patient
      developed Philadelphia chromosome-negative chronic myeloid leukemia within 9
      months. Serum unsaturated B12 binding capacity and transcobalamin I were elevated
      in this patient, preceding the transformation to chronic myeloid leukemia. Five
      other patients died from sepsis or pneumonia. All patients were anemic, and 10
      were leukopenic. Bone marrow was hypocellular in 1 and hypercellular in 10 cases.
      Chromosomal studies were performed in five patients, with three showing abnormal
      findings: 47xx, trisomy 8 and a tetraploid karyotype 92xxyy5q-. No cytotoxic
      treatment should be given during the preleukemic phase until transformation to
      acute leukemia occurs. Since preleukemic patients are very susceptible to
      infections, early diagnosis of the condition is important, as is supportive care
      in the case of surgery.

PMID- 3858274
TI  - Augmentation of parasympathetic contraction in tracheal and bronchial airways by
      PGF2 alpha in situ.
AB  - We studied the effect of exogenous prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) on airway
      smooth muscle contraction caused by parasympathetic stimulation in 22 mongrel
      dogs in situ. Voltage (0-30 V, constant 20 Hz) and frequency-response (0-25 Hz,
      25 V) curves were generated by stimulating the cut ends of both cervical vagus
      nerves. Airway response was measured isometrically as active tension (AT) in a
      segment of cervical trachea and as change in airway resistance (RL) and dynamic
      compliance (Cdyn) in bronchial airways. One hour after 5 mg/kg iv indomethacin, a
      cumulative frequency-response curve was generated in nine animals by electrical
      stimulation of the vagus nerves at 15-s intervals. Reproducibility was
      demonstrated by generating a second curve 7 min later. A third frequency-response
      curve was generated during active contraction of the airway caused by continuous
      intravenous infusion of 10 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1PPGF2 alpha. Additional
      frequency-response studies were generated 15 and 30 min after PGF2 alpha, when
      airway contractile response (delta RL = +2.8 +/- 0.65 cmH2O X 1(-1) X s; delta
      Cdyn = -0.0259 +/- 0.007 1/cmH2O) returned to base line. Substantial augmentation
      of AT, RL, and Cdyn responses was demonstrated in every animal studied (P less
      than 0.01 for all points greater than 8 Hz) 15 min after PGF2 alpha. At 30 min,
      response did not differ from initial base-line control. In four animals receiving
      sham infusion, all frequency-response curves were identical. We demonstrate that
      PGF2 alpha augments the response to vagus nerve stimulation in tracheal and
      bronchial airways. Augmentation does not depend on PGF2 alpha-induced active
      tone.

PMID- 3858276
TI  - Enzymatic sulfation of exogenous high molecular weight glycopeptides by
      microsomal fraction of the rabbit uterine endometrium.
AB  - Incorporation of radioactive sulfate into exogenous glycopeptides and
      glycoproteins from adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phospho[35S]sulfate was studied with
      the microsomal fraction of the uterine endometrium of rabbits. A high molecular
      weight (Mr greater than 750,000) glycopeptide fraction from rat adenocarcinoma
      was found to be active as substrate, while several other glycoproteins were not.
      The rate of incorporation of sulfate was almost proportional to the concentration
      of glycopeptide substrate, the quantity of microsomal fraction, and the length of
      the incubation period. Cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis demonstrated
      that radioactivity was incorporated into the glycopeptide fraction. The
      radioactive glycopeptide was excluded from a Sephadex G-50 column, but the 35S
      radioactivity and oligosaccharides were found in the retarded fractions after
      treatment with alkali in the absence of sodium borohydride. These observations
      indicated the presence of an enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of sulfate
      residue from adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate into the carbohydrate units
      attached to the polypeptide via O-glycosidic linkage. The sulfotransferase
      activity was measured with the microsomal fractions from the animals which had
      been treated with female sex hormones. As a result, it was found that estrogen
      enhances the activity and that progesterone suppresses the effect of estrogen.

PMID- 3858277
TI  - Manganese-phospholipid-stimulated protein kinase activity of human leukemic
      cells.
AB  - A protein kinase system with unusual characteristics was noted in extracts of HL
      60 cells using endogenous proteins as substrates. This system exhibited a cation
      preference for manganese at an optimal concentration of 0.5 mM. Moderate activity
      was detectable with magnesium at an optimal concentration of 5.0 mM, but calcium
      was inactive. Activity was markedly stimulated by phospholipid, with
      phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol exhibiting greater activity than
      phosphatidylserine. In isolated plasma membranes, the major substrate of this
      system was a 73-kDa protein, while cytoplasmic extracts exhibited larger amounts
      of a 42-kDa substrate. 73-kDa phosphorylating activity of membranes was
      comparably active at 0 and 31 degrees C, although in cytosol activity was greater
      at 31 degrees C. No 73-kDa protein phosphorylation was observed in the presence
      of Ca2+, Mg2+, and phosphatidylserine. Phosphoamino acid analysis of the 73-kD
      band revealed phosphothreonine and phosphoserine. The 42-kDa substrate was
      distinguishable from actin by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, which
      disclosed that both major substrates were highly basic in the isoelectric
      focusing dimension. Protamine and histones (H2B greater than H1 greater than H3)
      exhibited phospholipid-stimulated phosphorylation in the presence of Mn2+, but
      phosvitin, casein, and vinculin were not substrates. High levels of
      phosphorylative activity involving the 73-kDa substrate were noted in nuclear
      extracts. Complex patterns of increase of this activity were noted in both
      cytosol and nuclear extracts following induction of differentiation with dimethyl
      sulfoxide, retinoic acid, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. This study thus
      demonstrated the presence of a previously undescribed type of protein kinase
      activity which exhibited alterations during leukemic cellular differentiation.

PMID- 3858275
TI  - cDNA cloning of portions of the bacteriophage phi 6 genome.
AB  - Phage phi 6 has a genome consisting of three pieces of double-stranded RNA.
      Single-stranded RNA was prepared from phi 6 nucleocapsids by in vitro
      transcription with the phage RNA polymerase. These transcripts were
      polyadenylated and used as templates for the preparation of cDNA copies. The
      resulting DNA was cloned into the PstI restriction nuclease site of plasmid
      pBR322. Insert-bearing plasmids were annealed to phi 6 RNA to assign the inserts
      to their proper segments. In this way we identified inserts corresponding to the
      large, medium, and small segments. Two large overlapping inserts of the small
      segment constitute the complete complement of the segment as determined by the
      sequence analysis of the DNA. In vitro coupled transcription and translation
      showed that the small segment inserts were able to direct the synthesis of the
      four known genes in the small segment. Two overlapping inserts in the medium
      segment constitute the entire segment and were shown to direct the in vitro
      synthesis of two of the three known proteins of the medium segment. Several
      inserts bearing about one-third the complement of the large segment were also
      isolated, and one of these directed the synthesis of a peptide that resembles
      protein P1. Restriction endonuclease maps were prepared for the inserts, and by
      in vitro synthesis it was possible to refine the genetic map of phi 6. A chimeric
      plasmid was constructed that combines plasmids pUC8 and RSF1010. Inserts placed
      on this plasmid were transformed to Pseudomonas phaseolicola, the natural host of
      phage phi 6. It was possible to refine further the genetic map by complementation
      of nonsense mutants of phi 6 with the cDNA.

PMID- 3858278
TI  - Enzymatic formation of prostaglandin F2 alpha from prostaglandin H2 and D2.
      Purification and properties of prostaglandin F synthetase from bovine lung.
AB  - Prostaglandin F synthetase from bovine lung was purified 540-fold to apparent
      homogeneity, as assessed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses and
      ultracentrifugation. The purified enzyme proved to be a monomeric protein with a
      molecular weight of about 30,500. The enzyme catalyzed not only the reduction of
      the 11-keto group of prostaglandin D2 but also the reduction of 9,11-endoperoxide
      of prostaglandin H2 and various carbonyl compounds (e.g. phenanthrenequinone).
      Experiments using column chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses,
      immunotitration using antibody against the purified enzyme, and heat treatment
      indicated that three enzyme activities resided in a single protein. Although
      phenanthrenequinone and prostaglandin D2 competitively inhibited the
      prostaglandin D2 and phenanthrenequinone reductase activities, respectively,
      these two substrates were all but ineffective on the prostaglandin H2 (at the Km
      value) reductase activity up to 14-fold of those Km values. These results suggest
      that a single enzyme protein purified from the bovine lung catalyzes the
      reduction of prostaglandin D2, prostaglandin H2, and various carbonyl compounds
      and that prostaglandin D2 and prostaglandin H2 are metabolized at two different
      active sites, yielding prostaglandin F2 alpha as the reaction product.

PMID- 3858279
TI  - Decreased intracellular Na+ concentration is an early event in murine
      erythroleukemic cell differentiation.
AB  - A decrease in Na+/K+-pump activity is an early event of Friend murine
      erythroleukemic (MEL) cell differentiation along the erythroid pathway. This
      decreased Na+/K+-pump activity has been proposed to be an essential step in
      differentiation which would cause a rise in intracellular Na+ concentration and
      then, by means of Na+/Ca2+ exchange, an increase in intracellular Ca2+. An
      increase in intracellular Ca2+ has been proposed to be essential for induction of
      differentiation. A critical prediction of this Na+-Ca2+ hypothesis is the rise in
      intracellular Na+. To test this prediction we have measured intracellular Na+
      using a novel triple isotope method involving 3H2O, [14C]sucrose, and 22Na to
      measure total water, extracellular fluid, and Na+, respectively. 22Na
      equilibration occurred in less than 10 min. In uninduced cells, intracellular Na+
      was 15.2 +/- 2.2 mM (S.D., n = 22); after induction for 14-16 h with dimethyl
      sulfoxide, intracellular Na+ decreased significantly (p less than 0.0001) to 8.4
      +/- 1.4 mM (n = 21). The time course of the decline in intracellular Na+
      paralleled that of the decrease in the Na+/K+-pump activity. These results are in
      direct contradiction to the Na+-Ca2+ hypothesis and suggest that observed changes
      in Na+/K+-pump activity can be explained solely on the basis of changes in
      intracellular Na+. The drop in intracellular Na+ is due to a decrease in Na+
      influx. We suggest, however, that the decrease in the Na+ influx is not itself an
      essential event of differentiation, but may be induced by a change in the flux of
      another ion coupled to Na+.

PMID- 3858280
TI  - Simultaneous determination of prostanoids in plasma by gas chromatography
      negative-ion chemical-ionization mass spectrometry.
AB  - A method for simultaneous determination of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin
      F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), and
      thromboxane B2 (TxB2) in plasma was developed. After acidification and addition
      of 2H- and 3H-labelled internal standards, plasma prostanoids were extracted by
      reversed-phase cartridges and purified by normal-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography. The pentafluorobenzyl, methoxime, trimethylsilyl derivatives were
      formed. Negative-ion chemical-ionization mass spectra with methane as reagent gas
      show one intense peak at m/z (M - pentafluorobenzyl). This ion was used for
      selective-ion monitoring. Prostanoid plasma concentrations (pg/ml) in five
      healthy volunteers were: PGE2 2.0-10.4, PGF2 alpha 2.2-9.8, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha 0.6
      1.8, and TxB2 3.0-45.3. However, there is evidence that the TxB2 values may
      frequently be falsely high because of ex vivo production during the sampling
      procedure.

PMID- 3858281
TI  - Renal hemodynamic abnormalities in patients with short term insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus: role of renal prostaglandins.
AB  - To determine if renal functional alterations in diabetes mellitus could be
      related to disturbances of vasoactive systems, renal plasma flow (RPF),
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR), PRA (basal and stimulated), plasma
      catecholamine levels, and urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha, and kallikrein were determined in 21 patients with insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus (IDDM) of short duration and 15 normal subjects. In 7
      additional patients with IDDM and in 4 normal subjects, the effect of lysine
      acetylsalicylate (LAS; 450 mg, iv) on GFR and RPF was studied. Patients with IDDM
      had higher RPF and GFR than normal subjects. Plasma norepinephrine and basal and
      stimulated PRA were significantly lower in IDDM than in the control group [161 +/
      82 (+/- SD) vs. 243 +/- 114 pg/ml, 0.19 +/- 0.20 vs. 1.15 +/- 0.33 ng/ml X h,
      and 0.93 +/- 0.82 vs. 2.8 +/- 1.73 ng/ml X h, respectively). No significant
      differences were found in the urinary excretion of PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and
      kallikrein in the two groups. LAS administration significantly reduced RPF (from
      641 +/- 72 to 535 +/- 38 ml/min X 1.73 m2) and GFR (from 168 +/- 25 to 150 +/- 18
      ml/min X 1.73 m2) in patients with IDDM, but not in normal subjects. In IDDM
      patients, there was a close direct correlation between the percent decrease in
      RPF and GFR induced by LAS and the baseline values of these parameters. The
      results suggest that in IDDM, there may be an imbalance between the degree of
      activation of the renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems and the renal
      production of PGs. The observation that LAS administration reduced RPF and GFR in
      these patients suggests that renal PGs are involved in the renal hyperperfusion
      of IDDM.

PMID- 3858282
TI  - Cellular and antigenic properties of cultured normal and fetal brain and glioma
      cells.
AB  - The immunological and cellular properties of cultured normal and fetal brain
      cells as well as glioma cells were compared. They were grown successfully in
      tissue culture media. Results from the growth properties and karyotype analysis
      indicated that cultured cells from normal and fetal brain tissues were normal and
      could be passaged limited times. The fetal brain cells had a longer life span
      than normal brain cells in the culture and their morphology exhibited variations
      according to cell passages. Two glioma cell lines, designated as G-5-T and G-9-T
      were established. The G-5-T and G-9-T had different morphology. Both G-5-T and G
      9-T formed colonies in the soft agar. However, only G-9-T cells grew as large
      tumors in nude mice. Neither cell line secreted CEA, AFP and did not contain GFAP
      and S-100 protein. As measured by the 51Cr cytotoxicity assay, G-9-T but not G-5
      T cells possessed D/DR antigens.

PMID- 3858284
TI  - Dental equipment maintenance.

PMID- 3858283
TI  - Congenitally missing lateral incisor treatment.

PMID- 3858285
TI  - Cephalometric spreadsheets.

PMID- 3858286
TI  - Palatal bar and lip bumper in nonextraction treatment.

PMID- 3858287
TI  - Horizontal use of Begg brackets.

PMID- 3858288
TI  - Disinfection of removable appliances.

PMID- 3858290
TI  - Relationship between alignment conditions of teeth in anterior segments and
      dental health.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to examine the association between alignment
      conditions of anterior teeth and dental health in 15-year-old adolescents. The
      study group consisted of 74 females and 70 males with 6 anterior teeth in both
      jaws. The following parameters were assessed: plaque index (P1I), gingival index
      (GI), probing depth (PD), space index (SpI), filled surfaces (FS), and the NONAS
      i.e., the number of non-aligned proximal tooth surfaces in each jaw counted on
      model casts. Statistical examination of the data was performed using chi 2 tests
      of association and homogeneity and correlation coefficient analyses. In both
      sexes and both jaws, anterior tooth segments with none or few non-aligned teeth
      had a more favourable periodontal state than segments with an increased number of
      non-aligned teeth. Likewise, tooth segments with none or few non-aligned teeth
      had a reduced frequency of proximal fillings compared to segments with an
      increased number of non-aligned teeth. In males, the distribution of restorations
      in the anterior segment of the lower jaw was relatively homogeneous in the 3
      groups.

PMID- 3858289
TI  - Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. V. Patterns of probing attachment loss
      in non-responding sites.
AB  - Incisors, cuspids and premolars in 33 patients with advanced chronic
      periodontitis were treated by plaque control and 1 single episode of supra- and
      subgingival debridement. The results were monitored by probing attachment level
      measurements for 6 sites of each tooth every 3rd month during a period of 24
      months. A total of 1368 sites were observed. From these were selected 280 "non
      responding" sites showing 1.0 mm or more loss of probing attachment at 24 months
      compared to baseline. Scatter diagrams of the sequence of 9 probing attachment
      recordings obtained during the 24-month study were produced for each of these 280
      sites. Study of these scatter diagrams resulted in identification of 7 different
      patterns of probing attachment change over time. A linear pattern of gradual loss
      of probing attachment throughout the 24-month observation period was found for
      73% of the non-responding sites. Of the less frequently seen patterns, 3
      approximated a linear course and 3 were non-linear. Linear analysis of regression
      as a statistical method to determine attachment loss for individual sites seems
      to be suitable for sites with linear patterns and for sites approximating a
      linear pattern. The insensitivity of regression analysis in non-linear patterns
      may be acceptable if a cautious analysis is warranted.

PMID- 3858291
TI  - Posterior composites: are they ready to replace amalgam?

PMID- 3858292
TI  - Oral manifestations of vitamin deficiencies.

PMID- 3858293
TI  - Undiagnosed periodontal disease. A mock trial.

PMID- 3858294
TI  - Specific cutaneous involvement in the course of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
      simultaneously with blastic leukemic transformation. Report of a case with
      histologic and cytochemical study.
AB  - We report a case, in a 74-year-old man, of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)
      that showed cutaneous involvement in its terminal phase. The patient developed a
      nodular eruption with an irregular distribution over the entire skin surface.
      Histology showed an acute leukemic infiltration in the reticular dermis. We were
      able to demonstrate cells with intermediate myeloid and monocytic characteristics
      ("paramyeloid cells") in the skin biopsy and in bone marrow smears. There have
      been only four patients reported previously with similar clinical findings. In
      one of them the cutaneous eruption heralded an aggressive clinical shift of the
      disease, as in our case. The present case confirms the utility of skin biopsy in
      similar cases for predicting the evolution of the disease.

PMID- 3858295
TI  - Psychopathology of eating disorders: a controlled comparison of bulimic, obese,
      and normal subjects.

PMID- 3858296
TI  - Effects of video games on the adverse corollaries of chemotherapy in pediatric
      oncology patients: a single-case analysis.

PMID- 3858297
TI  - The effect of X-radiation on the susceptibility of enamel to an artificial caries
      like attack in vitro.

PMID- 3858298
TI  - Structural and physical factors affecting the brush wear of dental composites.

PMID- 3858299
TI  - Importance of high pKA acids in cariogenic potential of plaque.
AB  - Through the use of computer simulation, it is shown that anions of high pKA acids
      (e.g., acetic, propionic, butyric), present in resting plaque fluid, act as
      effective buffers during the production of stronger acids (e.g., lactic) by oral
      micro-organisms. Using reported organic acid compositions for plaque, obtained
      from caries-resistant and caries-susceptible individuals, analyzed at various
      times following sucrose exposure, it is shown that the calculated pH values of
      the aqueous phase of plaque describe typical Stephan curves. Furthermore, it is
      shown that for higher acid anion contents in resting plaque, a higher degree of
      saturation of the aqueous plaque phase with respect to enamel is maintained
      during acid production, resulting in a lower demineralization potential of
      plaque. Enamel demineralization experiments conducted in vitro confirmed the
      significance of the results of the computer simulations, thus providing evidence
      for a correlation between the known metabolic activity of plaque (organic acid
      composition), physical chemistry of plaque, and caries susceptibility.

PMID- 3858300
TI  - Histopathology of the initial lesion of the root surface: an in vitro study.
AB  - An acidified gel system was used to produce artificial caries lesions in root
      surfaces. Radiopaque surface layers were found with 47% of the lesions.
      Demineralized bodies of the lesion and mineralized zones of banding were seen in
      all lesions when examined by microradiography. Cementum and dentin seemed to
      respond to the acid attack in a similar manner. Although artificial root lesions
      did not simulate natural root caries entirely, the acidified gel system resulted
      in a reproducible method that might give insight into initial lesion formation on
      root surfaces. This technique may be used for studying the physico-chemical
      process involved in the demineralization of root surfaces and for testing the
      effects of various agents in the prevention of root caries.

PMID- 3858301
TI  - Factors relating to dental stain formation in the rat.
AB  - A series of studies was conducted to investigate the use of the rat as an in vivo
      model for studies of dental stain and to identify dietary factors which influence
      stain formation in this model. It was determined that appreciable amounts of
      stain formed on the molar teeth of rats provided a synthetic diet containing
      lactalbumin, and the amount of stain increased throughout a four-week test
      period. Stain formation was also observed when rats were provided their diet by
      gastric intubation. Topical applications of chlorhexidine generally resulted in
      an increase in stain formation, as did the presence of tea in the drinking water.
      These studies support the use of the rat for investigations of dental stain.

PMID- 3858302
TI  - Effect of oral nutrient limitation of gnotobiotic rats on acidogenic properties
      of dental plaque formed by oral streptococci.
AB  - The acid production rate of dental plaque, formed by different streptococci in
      gnotobiotic rats fed a high sucrose diet or starved for seven or eight days, was
      determined in vitro. Starvation had no appreciable effect on acid production.
      This supports the idea that the small pH-lowering ability of plaque of caries
      free or stomach tube-fed people in whom exposure of the teeth to fermentable
      carbohydrate is relatively low or negligible results from a change in the
      bacterial population rather than a change in the rate of acid production by an
      unaltered flora.

PMID- 3858303
TI  - Age-dependent decreases in human submandibular gland flow rates as measured under
      resting and post-stimulation conditions.
AB  - Submandibular saliva samples were obtained with a new collection device, under
      resting and post-stimulation conditions, from 28 healthy individuals between 70
      and 91 years of age, and from 30 healthy individuals between 18 and 39 years of
      age. The salivary flow rates were significantly decreased in the aged group
      compared with the control group. The mean resting and post-stimulation flow rates
      for the aged group averaged 22% and 39%, respectively, of control values.

PMID- 3858304
TI  - Comparisons of various salivary parameters in smokers before and after the use of
      a nicotine-containing chewing gum.
AB  - This study was designed to compare various salivary parameters between smokers
      and non-smokers and to determine the influence of a nicotine-containing chewing
      gum (used to aid in quit-smoking efforts) upon these same parameters. At the
      baseline examination, subjects were assigned to one of three groups: non-smokers
      who did not utilize any gum, smokers provided a nicotine-containing gum, and
      smokers provided a placebo gum. Saliva was collected from all subjects and
      analyzed for acidogenicity and buffer pH as well as for levels of thiocyanate,
      lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, lactoferrin, and secretory IgA. After 15 weeks of gum
      usage, saliva was again collected from each subject and the identical analyses
      performed. Significant differences were observed between smokers and non-smokers
      with regard to three parameters: The saliva of smokers contained greater
      concentrations of thiocyanate and lower concentrations of lactoferrin, at the
      baseline examination and after the 15-week test period. In addition, the CO
      content of alveolar air was higher in smokers at both examination periods. In
      contrast, the use of the nicotine gum per se had no effect on any of the test
      parameters.

PMID- 3858306
TI  - A new method for matching tooth colors with color standards.
AB  - A new method for quantitative intra-oral tooth color determination is presented.
      Basically, the tooth color is assessed by visual comparison with opaque color
      standards, which are logically arranged according to three visual color
      dimensions. The standards were analyzed spectrophotometrically, and the C.I.E.
      color coordinates were computed. Illumination and observation were standardized
      during the matching procedure. Two distinct situations, method 1 and method 2,
      were investigated. The situation in method 1 is to be considered as large window
      illumination and small window collection of the reflected light. For method 2,
      the same small window was used for both illumination and observation. Using both
      methods, the color of a tooth could be quantified into three separate color
      dimensions. Using method 1, the consistency among 25 examiners was high in
      determining the color of ten teeth; using method 2, the inter-examiner agreement
      was low. For the same tooth, different color standards were selected with method
      1 or method 2. The standard selected with method 2 often appeared to be in
      disagreement within clinical expectations. The differences in results between
      method 1 and method 2 are explained by the optical properties of the translucent
      dental enamel (e.g., volume reflection). Method 1 allows for reproducible
      quantification of clinical tooth discoloration according to C.I.E. color
      specifications and can possibly be applied in prosthetic dentistry.

PMID- 3858307
TI  - In vitro crevice corrosion behavior of implant materials.
AB  - The crevice corrosion susceptibility of cold-worked Type 316LVM stainless steel,
      cast Co-Cr-Mo, wrought Co-Cr-W-Ni, non-nitrided and nitrided Ti-6Al-4V ELI, and
      c.p. Ti, Grades 1 and 4, was studied in vitro by means of a crevice cell.
      Occlusion was created by interfacing a disc specimen and a Teflon bar. Specimens
      were mechanically prepared through 2-4 micron Al2O3 and passivated in 30% HNO3,
      followed by steam sterilization. Tests were performed in a deaerated Ringer's
      solution, maintained at pH = 7 and 37 degrees C. Anodic polarization was
      conducted potentiostatically at pre-selected levels, and resultant currents were
      monitored: stainless steel, 50 and 100 mV (S.C.E.), 450 min; non-stainless
      materials, 600 mV, 1000 min. Results for the stainless steel demonstrated that a
      HNO3 passivation treatment reduced its crevice corrosion susceptibility. For the
      non-stainless steel materials, no crevice corrosion susceptibility was observed,
      although a dulling and discoloration of c.p. Ti was evident. Recognizing that 600
      mV is in excess of the O2 reduction potential in vivo, it was concluded that, in
      the absence of fretting, implants of these non-stainless steel materials would
      not experience significant corrosion loss under crevice conditions.

PMID- 3858305
TI  - Oral mucosal lesions among elderly in Israel.
AB  - The prevalence of ulcerative or proliferative oral mucosal lesions (OML) is an
      important parameter in evaluating the oral health of an elderly population. This
      paper relates the prevalence of OML in an elderly population to possible risk
      factors and defined high-risk groups. The second objective was to examine whether
      effective prediction of OML was possible from interview data alone. The elderly
      population of a Jerusalem neighborhood was surveyed in 1981: 456 elderly were
      interviewed by trained interviewers, and their oral cavities were examined by an
      oral epidemiologist. Specific diagnoses were confirmed by an independent senior
      clinician. Almost 40% of the elderly presented ulcerative or proliferative oral
      mucosal lesions. The prevalence of these OML was strongly related to the
      condition and age of dentures. The association between these OML and oral hygiene
      disappeared after controlling for the condition of the denture. Two variables
      ascertained by interview--age of denture and self-reported suitability of denture
      -turned out to be strong predictors of denture condition.

PMID- 3858308
TI  - Tarnish evaluation of gold-based dental alloys.
AB  - Three commercial gold dental alloys and three ternary (Au-Ag-Cu) alloys of
      constant nobility were subjected to a standardized test battery for tarnish. The
      tests included sodium sulfide and artificial saliva solutions, both at 37 degrees
      C, in sealed containers. Quantitative measurements of tarnish were made from the
      alloy color change during a three-day exposure. Alloy nobility is a relatively
      important factor in determining tarnish resistance; however, microstructure can
      have a negative effect on tarnish resistance. Alloys with a two-phase
      microstructure produce microgalvanic conditions which lead to either silver
      chloride or silver sulfide tarnish products. A solution heat treatment improves
      tarnish resistance by eliminating microstructural inhomogeneities.

PMID- 3858309
TI  - Corrosion evaluation of gold-based dental alloys.
AB  - Three commercial gold-based dental alloys and three constant-nobility ternary
      alloys (Au-Ag-Cu) were evaluated for corrosion using a quantitative test battery.
      Integration of the current density, in a de-aerated solution of 1% NaCl along the
      approximate potential range found in the mouth (-300 mV to +300 mV vs. SCE),
      yields a quantitative rank ordering of the test alloys. The results are combined
      with prior findings on other commercial alloys to demonstrate the interaction of
      nobility and microstructure. Nobility determines the overall corrosion resistance
      for gold-based alloys. However, because of mutual insolubility, alloying with
      copper induces silver segregation, resulting in a higher corrosion rate at a
      given nobility. Thus, microstructure has an influence on corrosion, but heat
      treatments are largely ineffective in altering the basic corrosion
      characteristics. The test techniques, in combination with tarnish evaluations,
      provide a quantitative battery for alloy evaluation. The results indicate the
      combinations of nobility, microstructure, and environment most likely to avoid
      corrosion difficulties.

PMID- 3858310
TI  - Microstructures of duplex (beta + gamma) silver-tin alloys.
AB  - The microstructures of (beta + gamma) silver-tin alloys are especially influenced
      by both homogenization temperature and subsequent heat treatment. When the alloy
      is cooled from homogenization temperatures above approximately 200 degrees C,
      lenticular regions of the ordered orthorhombic gamma phase precipitate from
      within the disordered h.c.p. beta phase on three structurally equivalent planes,
      (1210), (1120), and (2110), to form a Widmanstatten structure. When the duplex
      alloys were homogenized at temperatures below approximately 200 degrees C, where
      the beta/(beta + gamma) phase boundary is vertical, these structures were not
      observed.

PMID- 3858311
TI  - Application of an x-ray image magnifier to the microradiography of dental
      specimens.
AB  - A highly parallel incident x-ray beam combined with x-ray image magnification was
      used to obtain high-resolution microradiographs of dental specimens. Preliminary
      results obtained using a rotating anode x-ray generator show that limitations
      associated with conventional contact microradiography regarding spatial
      resolution, sample thickness, and sample orientation, relative to the film, were
      significantly reduced.

PMID- 3858312
TI  - Differences in permeability of microperoxidase and horseradish peroxidase into
      the alveolar bone of developing rats.
AB  - Microperoxidase (small m.wt tracer) and horseradish peroxidase (large m.wt
      tracer) were used to investigate the existence of extracellular (between blood
      vessels and bone cells) and intracellular transport pathways in the alveolar bone
      cells of five-day-old rats. HRP directly penetrated the cytoplasm and nucleus of
      the osteocytes and osteoblasts, but MP did not. These findings suggest that HRP
      at high dosages is more toxic to bone cells than is MP, since the direct
      penetration of HRP probably results from alteration of plasma membrane
      permeability. If so, MP seems to be a more suitable tracer than HRP. The findings
      from MP tracing suggest that a main transport pathway of bone fluid exists
      between the external part of the unmineralized zone, which is located in the
      lacunar and canalicular spaces around bone cells, and the innermost edge of the
      mineralized matrix, which constitutes the lacunar and canalicular walls; in
      addition, minor pathways as accessory routes might diverge from the main pathway
      to go around the bone cells.

PMID- 3858313
TI  - Enamel fluoride in nursing rats with mothers drinking water with high fluoride
      concentrations.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the F levels in plasma and molar
      enamel from rat pups whose mothers had received various levels of F during
      pregnancy and/or lactation. Rats were started on water containing 0 (Group I), 50
      (Group II), or 100 (Group III) ppm F at the beginning of pregnancy or on the day
      of delivery. The mothers and pups were killed 13 days after delivery, and plasma
      F levels, milk F levels, and pup molar enamel F levels were determined. The mean
      maternal plasma F concentrations were 0.02 +/- 0.005 ppm in Group I, 0.10 +/-
      0.031 ppm in Group II, and 0.21 +/- 0.057 ppm in Group III. The milk F values
      were about twice as high as the respective plasma concentrations. The plasma F
      concentration in control pups was 0.003 +/- 0.0002 ppm, and there was a rise to
      0.006 +/- 0.0002 ppm in Group III. Enamel F concentrations were 0.62 +/- 0.13
      ppm, 4.72 +/- 0.79 ppm, and 8.80 +/- 1.74 ppm, respectively. The plasma and
      enamel F values obtained from pups were not significantly different between the
      pre-natal/post-natal, and the post-natal-only groups. It was concluded that:
      fluoride levels in the plasma and enamel of control rat pups were much lower than
      those found in adult rats, such values could be increased only slightly when high
      doses of F were given to the mother, and unlike values reported for other
      species, rat milk fluoride concentrations were higher than the respective plasma
      values.

PMID- 3858314
TI  - Depth of penetration of in vitro root surface lesions.
AB  - An acidified gel system was used to produce artificial caries lesions in root
      surfaces and in enamel. The teeth were exposed to the gel system for two weeks
      and four weeks, after which the lesions were examined by polarized light
      microscopy and photographed by standardized techniques. The depths of penetration
      of the lesions were measured from these standardized photomicrographs. The
      lesions in root surfaces were deeper than those in enamel for all teeth. After
      two but not four weeks of exposure in the gel system, the lesions in the root
      surfaces of anterior teeth were deeper than those in pre-molars.

PMID- 3858316
TI  - Identification and characterization of rabbit buccal mucosal hyaluronidase.
AB  - This study establishes the existence of a mammalian buccal mucosal hyaluronidase
      having properties typical of a lysosomal enzyme. Mucosal hyaluronidase exhibited
      a distinct substrate preference for hyaluronic acid, generated saturated de
      polymerization products by endoglycosidic hydrolysis, and possessed a pH optimum
      of 3.5 and an isoelectric point of 5.9.

PMID- 3858315
TI  - In situ fluoride uptake from fluoride dentifrices by carious enamel.
AB  - A series of studies was performed to measure fluoride deposition in incipient
      caries-like lesions in enamel specimens contained in functional partial dentures
      in panelists who used fluoride dentifrices for periods ranging from two to nine
      weeks. The studies demonstrated the ability of the model to replicate the
      fluoride-uptake results obtained with a series of three dentifrices in two
      different panels of subjects. All fluoride dentifrices resulted in significant
      fluoride deposition, although significantly greater deposition was observed with
      a NaF-SiO2 dentifrice.

PMID- 3858317
TI  - Adjusting craniofacial correlations for technical error.
AB  - Reliability estimates provide a means of adjusting observed correlations for
      technical error. The results show that the true correlations among 11
      craniofacial landmarks are consistently higher than observed values.
      Consequently, the regression slopes defining these relationships are also
      increased. The less reliable two measures are, and the closer their joint
      reliability approximates the observed correlation, the greater the expected
      change in true correlation. Adjusting craniofacial relationships for technical
      error may substantially increase the proportion of variation explained, and
      thereby alter statistical inferences drawn from results.

PMID- 3858318
TI  - Periodontal bone loss in dry mandibles of South African blacks: a biometric
      study.
AB  - Periodontal bone loss associated with periodontitis results in increase in the
      distance between the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and the alveolar bone crest
      (ABC). This study analyzed periodontal bone loss in 100 mandibles of South
      African blacks who were never exposed to preventive or restorative dental
      treatment. Specimens were equally distributed over the third to the seventh
      decade of adult life. CEJ-to-ABC (CA) distances were measured along 4904 surfaces
      of 1076 teeth. Analysis of the measurements showed that, generally, CA distances
      increased with age; differences were substantial between the first and fifth age
      groups. The incisors were most severely affected in all age groups, and bone loss
      was less severe around posterior teeth. Pre-molars and second molars lost the
      least bone. No significant differences between measurements on the buccal,
      lingual, mesial, or distal surfaces for these teeth were found. Measurements on
      the right and left sides of the mandible did not differ significantly. These
      observations may, in part, have been influenced by mid-life loss of teeth caused
      by severe periodontitis; their absence from the sample may have masked the true
      extent of periodontal bone loss. The difference in age of eruption and,
      therefore, the difference in period of exposure to the oral environment may
      account for the more severe bone loss in the anterior teeth, especially in
      specimens from younger individuals (21-30 years).

PMID- 3858319
TI  - Smoking and periodontal disease in the Finnish population aged 30 years and over.
AB  - The aim of this study, which was part of the Mini-Finland Oral Health Survey, was
      to evaluate the effect of smoking on periodontal condition in the Finnish adult
      population. A representative sample was drawn from the population aged 30 years
      and over. The total number of subjects was 8000, 90% of whom participated in the
      clinical examination. Periodontal diagnoses were made according to the modified
      Periodontal Treatment Need System (PTNS). Information about age, toothbrushing,
      and smoking habits was collected by personal interviews. When the sample was
      divided into two groups (with and without periodontal pockets), the overall risk
      ratio (RR) was 1.39 and was slightly higher for men than for women. A log-linear
      model was used to study simultaneous associations and interactions between
      smoking, periodontal disease, and some background factors. In this model, smoking
      had not significantly affected the periodontal condition.

PMID- 3858321
TI  - The Mentor Apprentice Program--a modest proposal for alleviating the scarcity of
      clinical researchers in dentistry.

PMID- 3858320
TI  - Double-layer color effects in porcelain systems.
AB  - The color of an unshaded body porcelain was determined at three thicknesses on
      white, gray, and three chromatic backings. Spectral absorption and scattering
      coefficients of the porcelain were determined from the diffuse reflectance at one
      thickness on the white and gray backings. These optical coefficients, when
      utilized with the Kubelka-Munk reflectance theory, accurately predicted the color
      of the other sample configurations studied. The scattering of the body porcelain
      was found to decrease with increasing wavelength within the visible spectrum, in
      accordance with scattering theory for particles not substantially less than the
      wavelength of the scattered light. For the filtering effects of a translucent
      material in optical contact with a backing, the Kubelka-Munk reflectance theory
      described the interaction between the optical absorption and scattering within
      the translucent material and the reflectance of the backing.

PMID- 3858322
TI  - Effects of a curriculum change on dental student attitudes.
AB  - This study compared student attitudes before and after the change from a four- to
      a five-year D.M.D. program at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine. Three
      instruments were used to collect data from eight successive classes, the last
      four enrolled in the original program (classes of 1979-1982) and the first four
      enrolled in the new program (classes of 1984-1987). Overall participation rate
      was 89 percent. The scales were: (1) the Survey of Interpersonal Values (SIV);
      (2) a bipolar adjective checklist, The Job of Dentistry, which reveals views of
      the profession, and (3) Career Plans. The same set of scales was administered for
      a second time, upon graduation, to the classes of 1980-1982. Only two changes
      were noted between first and second administrations for these three classes: at
      graduation, the job of dentistry was viewed as more sales-oriented and more
      physical. Comparing the two programs, students in the new (five-year) program
      scored significantly higher on leadership in the Survey of Interpersonal Values.
      Five-year students viewed the job of dentistry as significantly more changing,
      complicated, unusual, intellectual, scientific, interesting, and involving more
      public speaking, and their career plans tended to be more academically oriented.

PMID- 3858323
TI  - Effect of feedback on student attitudes.
AB  - We sought to determine the change in student attitude toward a testing program
      when the students used a self-assessment test and were given computer-generated
      feedback. Ninety-four junior dental students at one school were placed in two
      groups and surveyed about their attitudes toward the testing program of the
      Department of Operative Dentistry and themselves as operative dentists. A
      semantic differential instrument and Likert-scale questions were used. One week
      later, the students in the experimental group participated in a self-assessment
      and three weeks later received individual, computer-generated feedback. Both
      groups were surveyed again at this time. Students in the experimental group
      exhibited a significant improvement in attitude toward the department's testing
      program but not toward themselves as operative dentists. The control group showed
      no significant change in attitude toward either concept.

PMID- 3858324
TI  - The inquiry approach in dental hygiene education.
AB  - A study was done to assess the impact of an inquiry-oriented curriculum in a
      dental hygiene program. Two instruments, designed to measure student perception
      of personal and faculty inquiry and disinquiry behavior, were administered to
      four consecutive classes twice a year between 1978 and 1981. Junior and senior
      students perceived a significant increase in faculty inquiry behavior and,
      initially, a decrease in disinquiry behavior. Time in the program affected
      student disinquiry behavior at a significant level, though no significant change
      was seen in inquiry behavior. National Board mean scores improved, and several
      categories of clinical productivity increased significantly during this period.
      The implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 3858325
TI  - Registered dental hygienists as dental students.
AB  - Surveys were conducted to (1) investigate how and why dental hygienists choose to
      become dentists, (2) evaluate their success in dental school, (3) assess the
      experience of those who had entered dental school, and (4) gauge the level of
      interest among dental hygienists and currently enrolled dental hygiene students
      in applying to dental school. Records of former dental hygienists who had earned
      a dental degree indicated that the majority performed above class averages and
      that none withdrew or were dismissed from school. Those enrolled in dental school
      agreed that prior dental hygiene experience was an asset in laboratory and
      clinical work; they were less certain about any academic advantage. Registered
      and student dental hygienists generally agreed on the attractive and unattractive
      aspects of becoming a dentist. Major attractions cited were increased earnings
      and independence; major drawbacks were the costs of dental education and stress
      associated with being a dentist. Those with baccalaureate degrees showed more
      interest in becoming dentists than did those with associate degrees. Dental
      schools should give dental hygienists positive consideration as applicants and
      advanced placement as students. In view of the observed interest in career
      change, dental hygiene and dental programs are encouraged to develop more
      sensitive career counseling.

PMID- 3858326
TI  - Geriatric dentistry in the predoctoral curriculum.
AB  - The elderly component of the general population has been increasing in the past
      decades and will continue to increase well into the future. This group of people
      presents to the dentist with a unique set of characteristics, both dental and
      physical. To treat the elderly more competently and to provide clinical training
      to undergraduates simultaneously, a geriatric dental program was initiated in
      1976 at the University of Illinois College of Dentistry. The program's current
      status and operation are described.

PMID- 3858327
TI  - The 1985 conference on the NIDR-university partnership.

PMID- 3858328
TI  - The value of an assessment system in a preclinical amalgam exercise.

PMID- 3858329
TI  - Predoctoral orthodontic instruction and practice of recent graduates in Florida.

PMID- 3858330
TI  - Applicant interest and goals in postdoctoral training in general dentistry.

PMID- 3858331
TI  - Are amalgam fillings safe?

PMID- 3858332
TI  - Employee or independent contractor?

PMID- 3858333
TI  - The dentists' responsibility to health care delivery.

PMID- 3858334
TI  - Responsibility of the dental profession to education and research.

PMID- 3858335
TI  - Dental manpower--the dental school's dilemma in a state institution.

PMID- 3858336
TI  - The private dental schools' dilemma.

PMID- 3858337
TI  - The pursuit of excellence. President-elect's address.

PMID- 3858338
TI  - A look at dental manpower and related issues.

PMID- 3858339
TI  - The economics of American dentistry: no need to panic.

PMID- 3858340
TI  - The future of dentistry.

PMID- 3858341
TI  - Local anesthetics and pregnancy.

PMID- 3858342
TI  - Pit and fissure sealant.

PMID- 3858343
TI  - Dental group practice. A blueprint for practitioners.

PMID- 3858344
TI  - Patients' preferences for dentists' behaviors.
AB  - Unlike previous studies that examined specialized populations or were completed
      some years ago, this survey collected information from a cross-section of
      patients who were currently receiving various kinds of dental treatment. Although
      the study disclosed that patients' preferences and perceptions of dentists'
      performance might vary within and between demographic groups, a more important
      finding was that, in general, most patients in all demographic groups held common
      beliefs about how they would like to be treated by their dentists. However,
      according to the reports of these patients, the dentists did not always behave in
      ways that were congruent with the patients' preferences. The study showed that
      patients are sensitive to dentists' behaviors. It should also be noted that
      dentists are sensitive to patients' behaviors and that dentist-patient
      relationships may be a source of stress for both patients and dentists.
      Nevertheless, the responsibility for setting the tone of these relationships
      rests primarily with the dentist rather than with the patient. Therefore, it is
      important for dentists to be aware of the needs and preferences of their patients
      so that they can act in ways that will make patients comfortable and dental
      treatment a positive experience. The potential that appears to be inherent in
      good, satisfying dentist-patient relationships for minimizing patient stress and
      making dentistry a less stressful profession has yet to be fully realized.
      Dentistry is a two-way street: whatever benefits the patient should in turn
      benefit the dentist as well.

PMID- 3858345
TI  - Diagnostic yield and selection criteria in complete intraoral radiography.

PMID- 3858346
TI  - Oral manifestations of the Rieger syndrome: report of case.
AB  - The Rieger syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder. It is characterized
      by defects of the anterior chamber of the eyes as well as developmental
      malformations of the dentition. A case is described that shows classic findings
      with emphasis on dental management. Oral abnormalities in the pedigree may also
      suggest subtle manifestations of the syndrome. Recognition of the dental
      anomalies may result in early diagnosis of the syndrome and prevent progressive
      visual loss.

PMID- 3858347
TI  - Assessment of lingual function when ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) is suspected.
AB  - Dental specialists are frequently confronted with the task of attempting to
      determine whether a cause and effect relationship exists between a short or
      restricting lingual frenum (ankyloglossia or tongue-tie) and a specific oral
      motor dysfunction. Because there is no standardized definition of what
      constitutes a condition of tongue-tie, the dental practitioner is often unsure as
      to the appropriate course of action with a patient with suspected ankyloglossia.
      This paper describes clinical measures that permit quantifying several anatomic
      and functional aspects of the tongue. Such baseline analysis provides a more
      definitive appraisal of lingual function as well as a more objective basis for
      making pre- and posttreatment comparisons.

PMID- 3858348
TI  - Radicular evaginatus--a root anomaly.
AB  - An unusual root malformation in a mandibular second premolar is presented.
      Clinical and histologic findings, as well as treatment ramifications, are
      discussed. The pathogenesis of this malformation is also discussed. The term
      radicular evaginatus is suggested for this condition.

PMID- 3858349
TI  - Dentistry on stamps. Ebers papyrus.

PMID- 3858350
TI  - Diffuse, increased radiodensity of the maxilla and mandible.
AB  - The case presented here demonstrates the radiographic changes characteristic of
      osteopetrosis; and in conjunction with normal laboratory findings, the diagnosis
      is confirmed. Of particular interest is the lack of history of bone fractures or
      infection, in view of multiple previous extractions. Practitioners must be
      careful not to assume that such a history implies immunity to complications. Once
      the diagnosis of osteopetrosis has been made, treatment for all patients should
      be directed toward restoration and retention of teeth with emphasis on excellent
      oral hygiene.

PMID- 3858351
TI  - Tooth enamel gene identified by rDNA technology.

PMID- 3858353
TI  - Code on dental procedures and nomenclature. Council on Dental Care Programs.

PMID- 3858352
TI  - A survey of retired dentists in the United States. Council on Dental Practice.
AB  - This paper reports on the results of a national survey of retired dentists
      carried out in the winter and spring of 1984. More than eight in ten of the
      respondents were general practitioners. Most retirees are between the ages of 60
      and 69, married, and report their overall health at retirement to be excellent or
      good. As do retired scientists, dentists find intrinsic gratification in the work
      role, but apparently accept retirement as part of the life cycle. Retired
      dentists have income substantially greater than retirees in general. As is the
      case for the greater majority of older Americans, Social Security provides an
      important income support for respondent dentists. However, the primary source of
      retirement income for dentists comes from savings and investments. One of three
      retired dentists reports net worth in 1984 as between $200-$499,999. Retired
      dentists are well adjusted to retirement. Overall, most dentists report high
      satisfaction with retirement to date. Additional leisure time for hobbies,
      flexibility in owning one's time, and social activities with family and friends
      seem the main contributors to this satisfaction. Investment planning, health
      assessment, enthusiasm for outside interests, and personal preparation for
      retirement with a spouse are reported as important in retirement planning.
      Retirement is not a satisfying experience for all dentists. Some do report
      experiencing uselessness and depression. A still smaller proportion report
      feelings of loneliness and inadequacy. As is the case for older people in
      general, solitary activities including reading, watching television, and
      gardening are important for retired dentists. Most older people attempt to retain
      activity patterns and preferences developed earlier in life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3858355
TI  - Acceptance of Sensodyne toothpaste for sensitive teeth. Council on Dental
      Therapeutics.

PMID- 3858354
TI  - Acceptance of OMNI-II disinfectant for instruments and equipment. Council on
      Dental Therapeutics.

PMID- 3858356
TI  - The outlook for dental malpractice insurance. Council on Insurance.

PMID- 3858357
TI  - Treating the whole problem.

PMID- 3858358
TI  - Caries protection and prediction.

PMID- 3858359
TI  - A sweet dispute.

PMID- 3858360
TI  - Enough already?

PMID- 3858361
TI  - Changing concepts in endodontic therapy.

PMID- 3858362
TI  - Temporomandibular joint surgery: patient-based assessment and evaluation.
AB  - Surgery has been important in the treatment of internal derangement of the TMJ.
      Many patient series have been reported concerning surgeons' evaluation of the
      surgery but only a few articles regarding patient-based assessment can be found.
      This study presents responses of 83 patients to personal interviews and mail
      questionnaires. A high degree of patient acceptance of the surgery and
      satisfaction with the results are reported. Eighty percent consider their joint
      status better and would repeat the surgery if faced with the same problems, 70%
      are essentially pain-free, and 18% experience pain mainly during heavy chewing.
      Diligent preoperative patient preparation and postsurgical care are recommended
      for success.

PMID- 3858363
TI  - Characteristics of amalgam restorations with variable clinical appearance.
AB  - A sample of 165 extracted or exfoliated teeth containing amalgam restorations
      were categorized as to the degree of marginal integrity of the amalgam.
      Microstructures of the samples representing the highest (grade 11) and lowest
      (grades 1 and 2) degrees of marginal deterioration were studied by SEM/EDS. The
      clinical evaluation and microscopic evaluation indicated that samples showing
      poor marginal integrity contained large quantities of tin-rich and tin-chlorine
      rich corrosion products with little or no gamma-2 phase remaining. Obvious signs
      of fracture and cracking at the cavosurface were always present. Products
      containing calcium were extensively associated with corrosion products containing
      tin, and these were found predominantly at the tooth-amalgam interface. No copper
      rich amalgams were found in this grouping. Amalgams with good marginal integrity
      had no microscopic cracks or fractures and generally little evidence of corrosion
      was found. However, one of six samples had extensive corrosion products,
      indicating that corrosion product formation is not the only factor contributing
      to marginal deterioration. After 6 years of clinical use, the degree of marginal
      deterioration did not appear to depend unerringly on time of use. Further work is
      necessary to define the microstructural characteristics of samples showing
      intermediate amounts of marginal deterioration and to determine if copper-rich
      amalgams consistently have small to moderate amounts of marginal deterioration.

PMID- 3858364
TI  - The unilateral pterygohamular subperiosteal implant: evolution of a technique.

PMID- 3858365
TI  - Cavernous lymphangioma of the lip: report of case.
AB  - Lymphangiomas are benign lymphatic growths secondary to developmental aberration.
      They are generally found in young patients. However, they may be undiagnosed or
      improperly treated, as in this case, and appear as the patient grows older. The
      isolated location of the lesion in the upper lip and the age of the patient are
      unusual; few cases have been reported in the literature. Complete surgical
      excision resulted in restoration of normal anatomic contour of the lip.

PMID- 3858366
TI  - Factors associated with maintenance of proper water fluoride levels.

PMID- 3858367
TI  - Dentistry on stamps.

PMID- 3858368
TI  - Xerostomia: evaluation of a symptom with increasing significance.
AB  - Xerostomia is the subjective sensation of oral dryness. Although it is most
      commonly associated with salivary gland dysfunction, it may also occur with
      normal gland activity. Xerostomia may be an early symptom of several morbid
      systemic conditions with important implications for the medical and dental
      management of patients. Oral dryness also has negative effects on an individual's
      emotional well-being and quality of life. The complaint of xerostomia
      necessitates a complete evaluation of a patient's general health, salivary gland
      function, and oral motor and sensory abilities. The salivary gland assessment
      includes symptom review, analysis of glandular secretions, scintiscanning, and
      minor labial gland biopsy. No single component is sufficient to adequately
      diagnose the presence, extent, or cause of salivary dysfunction. Treatment of a
      dry mouth, to date, is mainly palliative in nature, with the intent of preserving
      oral structures and functions. Better therapies are essential in the management
      of xerostomia, whatever the cause. The importance of xerostomia as a symptom is
      increasingly recognized in medicine and dentistry. The dentist is commonly the
      first health professional to hear this complaint and may be critical in directing
      a full and appropriate evaluation.

PMID- 3858369
TI  - An oral soft tissue lesion associated with a sinus mass.
AB  - A case of an inflammatory nasal polyp extending through an oroantral fistula and
      appearing as an intraoral soft tissue lesion is discussed. Although this is
      apparently a rare occurrence, the nature of the lesion was suggested by the
      history, clinical appearance, and radiographic findings. Surgical intervention
      and removal of the inflammatory lesion was followed by complete healing with
      closure of the oroantral fistula.

PMID- 3858370
TI  - Annual report of membership of the American Dental Association: December 1984.
      Data Processing Department.

PMID- 3858371
TI  - Guidelines for the acceptance of fluoride-containing dentifrices. Council on
      Dental Therapeutics.

PMID- 3858372
TI  - Recent developments in materials and processes for ceramic crowns. Council on
      Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment.
AB  - Recently, a number of new materials and processes have been introduced for the
      construction of ceramic jacket crowns. These include new, stronger ceramics for
      reinforcing porcelain crowns. Also, processes have been developed for fabricating
      more accurately fitting ceramic crowns. Based on the strengths reported and
      clinical failure data with comparable materials, they may be suitable for
      anterior crowns as alternatives to porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns.
      Manufacturers' indications for use also include posterior crowns. Clinical data
      on their performance, however, have not yet been documented in published
      literature. Individual ceramic crowns offer a potential for a better esthetic
      appearance than porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns. The accepted marginal design
      indicated by manufacturers for ceramic jacket crowns is the 90 degrees full
      shoulder with a rounded gingival-axial line angle or a deep chamfer. Tooth
      reduction is 1.0 to 1.5 mm for axial surfaces and 1.5 to 2.0 mm for incisal edge
      or occlusal surfaces. Specific margin designs and other recommendations for tooth
      preparation should be followed for each of these materials. These new
      developments represent an addition of new materials and technology into an
      important area of restorative dentistry. As ceramic crowns have similar
      appearance, it is prudent for the dentist to seek evidence that the new high
      strength ceramics are actually being used rather than the weaker conventional
      porcelains. Information on the clinical performances of the molded and cast
      ceramic crowns is not yet published. Their performances in long-term clinical
      situations have yet to be documented and published. The council will publish an
      update on ceramic crowns when additional information becomes available.

PMID- 3858373
TI  - Accredited dental schools. Commission on Dental Accreditation.

PMID- 3858374
TI  - Hepatitis B virus infection in the dental profession.
AB  - This paper has presented information concerning the degree of hepatitis B
      infection in the dental profession. This disease is being transmitted from
      patients to dentists, dental staff members, and their families by both
      percutaneous and nonpercutaneous routes. Only one of five infections is
      clinically diagnosed, deeming the patient's medical history an unreliable
      indication of potential infectivity. All members of the dental profession are at
      a risk at least three times higher than the general population of contracting
      this disease and developing the carrier state. Unfortunately, as undiagnosed
      carriers, members of the dental profession can also unknowingly infect other
      staff personnel, patients, and family with widespread ramifications.

PMID- 3858375
TI  - Hepatitis B active and passive immunity.

PMID- 3858376
TI  - State-of-the-art: practical infection control in dentistry.
AB  - Practical infection control in the operatory is a multi-step process. Protocol
      should be updated to include good: identification of high-risk patient
      populations, barrier technique, aseptic technique, surface disinfection,
      instrument sterilization, and equipment disinfection and sterilization.

PMID- 3858377
TI  - Transmission of HBV from dental personnel to patients.

PMID- 3858378
TI  - Law in the dental workplace: legal implications of hepatitis B for the dental
      profession.

PMID- 3858379
TI  - Future vaccines.

PMID- 3858380
TI  - Evaluation of the National Symposium Workshop on hepatitis B and the dental
      profession.

PMID- 3858381
TI  - ISBH launches public awareness campaign about Tourette syndrome.

PMID- 3858383
TI  - Temporomandibular joint diagnosis: arthroscopy.

PMID- 3858382
TI  - Biosynthetic relationships of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan with Ia and
      invariant chain glycoproteins.
AB  - As a first step to elucidating the role of the Ia-associated chondroitin sulfate
      proteoglycan (CSPG) in the biology of the Ia antigens, we have studied several
      aspects of the interactions of the CSPG with the Ia/invariant chain
      glycoproteins. These studies revealed that at any time point, only 2 to 5% of Ia
      molecules were associated with the CSPG, and that this fraction included Ia
      molecules that were expressed at the cell surface. Pulse-chase studies indicated
      that the association of Ia molecules and the CSPG was rapid and short lived.
      Newly synthesized [35S]sulfate-labeled CSPG molecules were detected in
      association with Ia molecules immediately after a 15-min pulse, but were barely
      detectable after a 30-min chase, and were completely undetectable after a 60-min
      chase. Similarly, newly synthesized [3H]leucine-labeled Ia molecules associated
      with the CSPG were detectable immediately after a 20-min pulse, and after a 75
      min chase, but could not be detected in association with the CSPG after a 300-min
      chase. Virtually no CSPG that was similar in size to that associated with Ia
      molecules was found free in the cells or was secreted into the media. The results
      in this report are compatible with the hypothesis that some or all of the Ia
      molecules associate transiently with the CSPG, or that a small fraction of Ia
      molecules associate permanently with the CSPG in a short-lived complex. These
      studies tend to favor a role for the CSPG in the biosynthesis of Ia rather than
      in intracellular trafficking or in intercellular communication.

PMID- 3858384
TI  - Association between the prominence of the articular eminence and displaced TMJ
      disks.

PMID- 3858385
TI  - Objective measurement of jaw movement: a comparison of two measuring instruments.

PMID- 3858386
TI  - Myrhaug's operation for treating recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular
      joint.

PMID- 3858388
TI  - Signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction in complete denture wearers five
      years after receiving new dentures.

PMID- 3858387
TI  - An anterior maxillary appliance for treating TMJ dysfunction.

PMID- 3858389
TI  - Temporomandibular joint adaptation to mandibular repositioning in adult occlusal
      rehabilitation.

PMID- 3858391
TI  - TMJ patient goals: comfort and stability.

PMID- 3858390
TI  - An intrasubject replication strategy for evaluating occlusal splint therapy.

PMID- 3858392
TI  - Choosing the right appliance.

PMID- 3858393
TI  - Cell kinetics of the K-562 cell line in microculture.
AB  - The cell kinetic parameters of K-562 leukemia cells were studied using microwell
      cultures in which growth was initiated from a single cell. Total population
      growth was studied by direct enumeration, 3H-thymidine labelling, and flow
      cytometry. Clonogenic cell growth was studied by replating and 3H-thymidine
      suicide. In 7-day clones of K-562 cells, durations of the total cell cycle, G1,
      S, G2, and M phases were 20.8 h, 3.5 h, 12.9 h, 3.3 h, and 1.1 h, respectively;
      the growth fraction was 0.92 and the cell loss factor was 0.084. Study of colony
      forming cells by replating indicated that clonogenic cells comprised 40% of total
      cells. 3H-Thymidine suicide showed that cell-cycle duration for these cells was
      22.5 h and that S-phase duration was 11.7 h.

PMID- 3858394
TI  - HLA-linked control of predisposition to lepromatous leprosy.
AB  - In order to investigate if genes conferring susceptibility to leprosy and/or
      predisposition to a particular leprosy type are linked to HLA, we performed HLA-A
      and HLA-B typing on members of 29 families containing at least two siblings
      affected with leprosy from a leprosy endemic area in Jiangsu Province, People's
      Republic of China. Moreover, we performed a lepromin test in nearly all of the
      members of eight families containing at least two siblings affected with
      lepromatous leprosy. For 26 families the data permitted analyses of the
      segregation of parental HLA-haplotypes observed among children in relation to
      leprosy status. Siblings affected with lepromatous (LL or BL) leprosy shared
      parental HLA-haplotypes significantly more often than expected (p less than
      0.05), and a highly significant deficit (p less than 0.0005) of shared HLA
      haplotypes was observed among affected siblings discordant for leprosy type.
      These data confirm the HLA-linked control of leprosy type and, in particular,
      recently obtained evidence for linkage of predisposition to lepromatous leprosy
      with HLA. Healthy siblings did not share a haplotype more often than expected,
      and those haplotypes which were shared among all leprosy patients of a sibship
      did not occur less frequently than expected among the healthy siblings of the
      same sibship. The latter data confirm the absence of linkage of genes conferring
      susceptibility or resistance to leprosy with HLA. An analysis of the lepromin
      test results observed among healthy siblings showed no evidence for cosegregation
      of the results with HLA.

PMID- 3858395
TI  - [Evaluation of a monoclonal antibody (CA 19-9 system) in gastrointestinal disease
      -in comparison with CEA and IAP].

PMID- 3858396
TI  - Kole's osteotomy, a follow-up study.
AB  - A retrospective investigation into Kole's (1959) osteotomy for the correction of
      anterior open bite was performed. Changes in occlusion were seen in 32%. Bone
      graft incorporation was satisfactory. The vitality of the teeth adjacent to the
      osteotomy and the periodontal condition were satisfactory if a tooth at the
      osteotomy site was extracted. The sensibility of the lip was, in general, good.

PMID- 3858397
TI  - Spontaneous regeneration of the mandible in a child. A sequel to partial avulsion
      as a result of a war injury.
AB  - A 7-year-old child sustained a severe avulsion injury to the left mandible
      leaving a 6 cm. gap. A Kirschner wire alone was used for immobilization and
      stabilization. Radiographs of the mandible 2 1/2 years later showed complete
      osteogenesis and solid bone formation over the Kirschner wire. The young age of
      the patient was definitely important in influencing this favourable result. The
      author's experience in older war injuries patients, using the same procedure, has
      shown no such bone formation. The source of osteogenesis is believed to be from
      mesenchymal cells of the soft tissue remaining in the gap. The theories
      pertaining to the source and mode of osteogenesis in this case are discussed.

PMID- 3858398
TI  - Surgery in mandibular condylar hyperplasia.
AB  - The experience with 35 patients with unilateral condylar hyperplasia is
      described. Possibilities of distinction between active and non-active cases are
      discussed as well as the histological findings. Different surgical procedures
      were used for treatment. Pain in the joint area is a prominent feature in this
      group. The treatment was effective in this regard in all patients.

PMID- 3858399
TI  - The ameloblastoma, the controversial approach to therapy.
AB  - An investigation into the length of time which elapses after the treatment of an
      ameloblastoma before a recurrence becomes visible, has established that this only
      exceeds 5 years in 5% of cases. In this study the findings after a follow-up
      period of at least 5 years after conservative or radical therapy have been
      extracted from the literature and compared with those of the authors' own series
      of 84 cases. It is concluded that the recurrence rate is 75% in the cases of
      multilocular ameloblastomas treated conservatively. Following radical therapy the
      recurrence rate is 15%. Conservative treatment of unilocular ameloblastomas can
      be expected to result in a recurrence rate of 20%.

PMID- 3858400
TI  - Extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the oral tissues. An analysis of 20 cases.
AB  - A series of 20 patients with extra-nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (ENHL) of the
      oral cavity was analysed with the emphasis on histopathological variability and
      prognostic factors. The current diagnostic schemes as devised for nodal NHL
      proved also to be useful in diagnosing ENHL in the oral cavity. With respect to
      histopathology, intra-oral ENHL differs from nodal NHL in a lower incidence of
      nodular growth pattern and a relative predominance of the lymphoma sub-type with
      large vesicular indented nuclei. These are features, however, that are shared
      with ENHL in other body sites and thus are not unique to the oral location.
      Another salient histological feature was the presence of proliferating bizarre
      spindle cells with formation of whorling bundles of reticulin, thus creating a
      pseudosarcomatous growth pattern in some cases. The clinical stage proved to be
      the main discriminating factor between those who survived and those who died of
      their lymphoma. Of the patients who were in stage IE on admission, 70% survived
      as opposed to only 20% of those who were in stage II or IV. A better prognosis
      for cases with soft tissue involvement as opposed to intraosseous lymphoma is
      probably due to a consistently lower clinical stage in the former group. The
      prognostic value of the clinical stage emphasizes the importance of adequate
      clinical staging procedures.

PMID- 3858401
TI  - A clinico-pathologic presentation. Lymphoepithelial cyst.

PMID- 3858402
TI  - Acupressure in dental practice: magic at the tips of your fingers.

PMID- 3858403
TI  - A comparison of the potential for breakage: the Burns Unifile versus Hedstrom
      files.

PMID- 3858404
TI  - Management of a vertical root fracture.

PMID- 3858405
TI  - Pain and fistulas can cross the midline.

PMID- 3858406
TI  - Incidence of postoperative pain following the use of different sealers in
      immediate root canal filling.

PMID- 3858407
TI  - The effects of calcium hydroxide on bovine pulp tissue: variations in pH and
      calcium concentration.

PMID- 3858408
TI  - Evaluation of repair of mechanical perforations of the pulp chamber floor using
      biodegradable tricalcium phosphate or calcium hydroxide.

PMID- 3858409
TI  - A comparison of the area of the canal space occupied by gutta-percha following
      four gutta-percha obturation techniques using Procosol sealer.

PMID- 3858410
TI  - Traumatic neuroma subsequent to endodontic therapy.

PMID- 3858411
TI  - Endosonics: clinical impressions.

PMID- 3858413
TI  - Treatment of endodontic perforations.

PMID- 3858412
TI  - Student endodontic access cavity preparation: performance versus perception.

PMID- 3858414
TI  - Mast cells in human periapical lesions: ultrastructural aspects and their
      possible physiopathological implications.

PMID- 3858415
TI  - The "balanced force" concept for instrumentation of curved canals.

PMID- 3858416
TI  - Cutting ability of square versus rhombus cross-sectional endodontic files.

PMID- 3858417
TI  - Maxillary canine with two roots.

PMID- 3858418
TI  - Sensitization via IgE-mediated mechanism in patients with chronic periapical
      lesions.

PMID- 3858419
TI  - A versatile heat-carrying instrument.

PMID- 3858420
TI  - The use of the Messing gun in placing calcium hydroxide powder.

PMID- 3858421
TI  - A study on the heterogeneity of human chorionic gonadotropin.

PMID- 3858422
TI  - The electromyographic silent periods in the patients with temporomandibular joint
      and muscle pain dysfunction syndrome.

PMID- 3858423
TI  - Prinzmetal's variant form of angina pectoris: a case detected by continuous
      Holter monitoring.

PMID- 3858424
TI  - Giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas--a report of 2 resected cases.

PMID- 3858425
TI  - [Aspergillosis of the urinary tract--a report of 2 cases].

PMID- 3858426
TI  - [Emphysematous pyelonephritis--a report of 2 cases].

PMID- 3858427
TI  - Emphysematous pyelonephritis--a case report.

PMID- 3858428
TI  - Cytophotometric measurements of nuclear DNA content of bronchogenic carcinomas.
      I. Diagnostic value on benign and malignant bronchial lesions.

PMID- 3858429
TI  - [Experimental infection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae to Ampullarium
      canaliculatus].

PMID- 3858430
TI  - [Klinefelter's syndrome (a study on 1067 cases of male genital abnormalities)].

PMID- 3858431
TI  - [Antithrombin III activity in stroke patients].

PMID- 3858432
TI  - The growth status of premature infants fed with premature formulas.

PMID- 3858433
TI  - [Post-operative follow-up of Fontan procedure].

PMID- 3858434
TI  - [Masseteric hypertrophy].

PMID- 3858435
TI  - Utilization review in a hospice program.

PMID- 3858436
TI  - Central nervous system morbidity following an initial isolated central nervous
      system relapse and its subsequent therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia.
AB  - The frequency and types of major CNS toxicity and morbidity were analyzed in 107
      children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) following an isolated primary
      CNS relapse. Seventy-nine (73%) have had multiple subsequent marrow or CNS
      relapses requiring intensive and prolonged therapy to the CNS. Median survival
      time is two years. Of these 79 patients, two thirds have had one or more types of
      major CNS toxicity, including epileptiform seizures (35), moderate to severe
      structural abnormalities (24 of 27 evaluated), major motor disabilities (9),
      blindness (2), CNS infection (6), cranial nerve palsies (2), and intracranial
      lymphoma (2). The remaining 28 patients (26%) have had no or one additional CNS
      relapse and have received therapy for a median of eight years. One half of this
      surviving group of patients have had major CNS toxicity, including seizures (9),
      major motor disability (2), and intracranial calcifications (12/19). When
      neuropsychologic evaluations were compared between the 28 survivors and 50 of
      their contemporaries who had been in initial continuous complete remission, the
      CNS survivors had significantly lower Full Scale IQ scores (83 +/- 16 v 99 +/-
      14, P = less than .001) with similarly lower measures of academic performance.
      The relative contributions of meningeal leukemia itself and intrathecal or
      radiation therapy to these effects cannot be determined. Since major CNS sequelae
      occurred in the majority of patients who had a primary isolated CNS relapse, and
      the frequency of CNS relapse is dependent on the efficacy of the method of CNS
      prophylaxis, the best method of avoiding major CNS sequelae is the most effective
      form of CNS prophylaxis.

PMID- 3858438
TI  - Hiring a dental auxiliary effectively.

PMID- 3858437
TI  - The PPO debate. An "alphabet soup".

PMID- 3858439
TI  - Learning about your patient pool.

PMID- 3858440
TI  - Inflation in dentistry. Are you acting or reacting?

PMID- 3858441
TI  - Pricing the dental practice.

PMID- 3858443
TI  - Can we predict the appropriate number of dental graduates for the next 10-20
      years?

PMID- 3858442
TI  - Generating meaningful rewards from the practice of dentistry.

PMID- 3858444
TI  - A study for discoloration of esthetic restorative materials. (1). Elementary
      analyses of the materials.

PMID- 3858445
TI  - Uptake of BSA and production of the antibody against BSA in rat intestine.

PMID- 3858446
TI  - Cell affinity of pyrolytic carbon. The effect exerted on the growth and colony
      forming ability of cell lines: L1210, Sq79 and L181.

PMID- 3858447
TI  - In vitro response of bone-derived cells and tissues to the fine Rahmen surface
      layer of a carbon implant.

PMID- 3858448
TI  - New Jersey's young dentists. Survey shows young dentists surprisingly like their
      elders.

PMID- 3858449
TI  - New Jersey's young dentists. Some would, some would not choose dentistry today.

PMID- 3858450
TI  - New Jersey's young dentists. Discrimination--some young dentists felt its ugly
      lash.

PMID- 3858451
TI  - New Jersey's young dentists. Bridging the gap between young dentists and their
      senior colleagues.

PMID- 3858452
TI  - New Jersey's expanded functions for dental auxiliaries.

PMID- 3858453
TI  - Heat testing in endodontics.

PMID- 3858454
TI  - Gallium-67 thoracic scan and pleural disease in asbestos workers.
AB  - We have recently reported that 67Ga scanning in asbestos workers can document
      excessive uptake of the marker among workers without sufficient criteria for
      asbestosis, but in our initial report we could not exclude definitely that 67Ga
      uptake could be related to pleural disease. To further test this hypothesis, we
      analyzed the 67Ga thoracic scan in relation to profusion scores of pleural
      disease on chest roentgenogram and CT scan of the thorax in 171 asbestos workers.
      We found no significant correlation between the 67Ga lung uptake and the
      radiographic scores of pleural disease. We concluded that pleural plaques are not
      an active site of 67Ga accumulation and do not contribute significantly to the
      thoracic uptake of the marker.

PMID- 3858455
TI  - Delayed splenic rupture: a suggestion for "predictive monitoring".
AB  - Two cases of delayed splenic rupture are presented. In one, splenic damage was
      demonstrated on Day 29 following trauma, and rupture of the organ occurred 2 days
      later. In the second patient, splenic trauma was documented 1 day after an
      accident, and rupture occurred on Day 26. Each case was marked by the fact that
      only one spleen scan had been performed (in the first case because of discovery
      only long after the trauma, and in the second case because of the patient's
      failure to return). That is, while damage to the spleen was evident, there was no
      follow-up to document healing. Based on this, it is suggested that spleen imaging
      be carried out soon after trauma. If a trauma-related defect is shown, then a
      repeat study may be mandatory to document healing. Lack of such healing, or
      failure to progress at a normal rate, may be an altering sign to impending
      splenic rupture. Hence, "predictive monitoring" by early and then repeat imaging
      at a later date, is proposed.

PMID- 3858457
TI  - Advertising: is it a dirty word?

PMID- 3858456
TI  - Effects of varying dietary iron on the expression of copper deficiency in the
      growing rat: anemia, ferroxidase I and II, tissue trace elements, ascorbic acid,
      and xanthine dehydrogenase.
AB  - The effect of dietary iron on the development of copper-deficiency anemia in the
      growing rat was investigated. For up to 80 d, female rats (75 g) were fed
      purified diets containing adequate, marginal or low levels of iron, and either
      0.7 or 10 ppm copper. Hemoglobin levels and factors postulated to affect liver
      iron mobilization, including ferroxidase (Fox) I and II, ascorbate and liver
      xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) were assayed. By d 7, Fox I activity in the copper
      deficient groups was 10% that of the copper-sufficient groups; thereafter, Fox I
      activity remained low, and was not affected by dietary iron. Fox II activity in
      the copper-deficient groups after d 28 was 50-75% of values from rats adequate in
      copper. On d 49, hemoglobin levels in the copper-deficient groups were lower than
      in the copper-sufficient groups fed low and marginal levels of iron, but were
      similar to those fed adequate iron. Liver iron was similar in both groups fed
      adequate iron, but was higher in the copper-deficient than in the copper
      sufficient rats fed low or marginal levels of iron. Copper deficiency tended to
      result in slightly lower ascorbate levels on d 80 at all levels of iron. Liver
      XDH activity tended to be lower in the copper-deficient groups than in the copper
      sufficient groups on d 28 and 49. These results show that copper deficiency may
      impair liver iron mobilization in the growing rat if dietary iron is low.
      Possible mechanisms include decreased Fox activity and/or decreased iron
      reduction by ascorbate or XDH.

PMID- 3858458
TI  - Advertising: what I tell my students.

PMID- 3858459
TI  - Barodontalgia: in relation to scuba divers.

PMID- 3858460
TI  - Effectiveness of alcohol in disinfection of air-water syringes.

PMID- 3858461
TI  - Advantages and disadvantages of direct gold restorations.

PMID- 3858463
TI  - Interview with Dr. Varoujan A. Chalian.

PMID- 3858462
TI  - Clinical diagnosis and treatment of oral candidiasis.

PMID- 3858464
TI  - Assessment of plasma glucose in 99 patients with oral lichen planus.

PMID- 3858465
TI  - Benzydamine HCL in the management of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. I. Pilot
      study.

PMID- 3858466
TI  - Backscatter radiation from restorative materials during cobalt 60 therapy.

PMID- 3858467
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the mandible in a patient with malignant osteopetrosis.

PMID- 3858468
TI  - Familial parotid gland aplasia.

PMID- 3858469
TI  - Bilateral recurrent submandibular obstructive sialadenitis.

PMID- 3858470
TI  - Unusual Gorlin cyst with traumatic neuroma.

PMID- 3858471
TI  - Asymptomatic impacted mandibular third molar in the subcondylar-sigmoid notch
      region associated with extensive sclerotic bone.

PMID- 3858472
TI  - Microcytosis in experimental iron deficiency.

PMID- 3858473
TI  - Peripheral schwannoma of the mandible.

PMID- 3858474
TI  - Histologic changes from local anesthetic injections.

PMID- 3858475
TI  - Teaching pain control in the general practice residency.

PMID- 3858476
TI  - The plight of the plaintiff.

PMID- 3858477
TI  - Wound healing after anterior and posterior subapical osteotomy.
AB  - Changes in the process of wound healing and in the dental pulp were examined
      following anterior and posterior mandibular subapical osteotomies in pig-tailed
      macaque monkeys. Results of microangiographic and histologic investigations
      indicated that degenerative pulpal changes may occur following mobilization and
      repositioning of small dentoalveolar segments. The potential significance of such
      degenerative pulpal changes and the need for routine dental radiographic checkups
      following anterior and posterior mandibular dentoalveolar surgery are discussed.

PMID- 3858478
TI  - An analysis of 2,067 cases of zygomatico-orbital fracture.
AB  - A ten-year review of 2,067 cases of zygomatico-orbital fractures is presented.
      The age and sex distribution, anatomical types of fractures, associated
      maxillofacial and nonmaxillofacial trauma, and causes of the injuries are
      described. The majority of fractures were sustained by males and resulted from
      trauma inflicted in altercations. The most common associated facial fractures
      were mandibular; the most common associated nonmaxillofacial trauma was extremity
      fractures. Motorcycle accidents caused the most significant amount of associated
      trauma, followed by motor vehicle accidents in which no seat restraint was used
      by the victim. Treatment, when indicated, consisted of elevation via a temporal
      approach followed by fixation where necessary. The fixation methods used are
      presented and discussed.

PMID- 3858479
TI  - The short-term effect of intra-articular injections of sodium hyaluronate and
      corticosteroid on temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction.
AB  - The short-term effect of intra-articular injections of sodium hyaluronate and a
      corticosteroid (betamethasone) was compared in a sample of 33 patients who had
      pain and tenderness to palpation in the temporomandibular joint of at least six
      months duration that had not responded to previous conservative treatment. The
      two drugs were randomly allocated to the patients. A volume of 0.5 ml of the drug
      was injected twice into the superior joint compartment of the TMJ with a two-week
      interval between injections. The effect on subjective symptoms, clinical signs,
      and bite force was assessed. Both drugs reduced the symptoms and signs
      significantly, and no statistically significant difference in effect could be
      found between drugs in this regard. The results indicate that the difference
      between the drugs in terms of short-term therapeutic effects is small, and that
      sodium hyaluronate could be used as an alternative to corticosteroid for patients
      who have signs of TMJ inflammation, especially for those who have symptomatic
      osteoarthrosis.

PMID- 3858480
TI  - A re-evaluation of the role of tracheostomy in Ludwig's angina.
AB  - Ten cases of Ludwig's angina that required surgical decompression in addition to
      intravenous antibiotic therapy are reviewed. The vocal cords were visualized in
      all ten patients following deep inhalational anesthesia to relieve trismus. Only
      one case required tracheostomy, which has previously been recommended as the
      treatment of choice for airway management; the other nine were intubated under
      direct vision.

PMID- 3858481
TI  - A comparison between superior and inferior border wiring techniques in sagittal
      split ramus osteotomy.
AB  - The proper alignment of the proximal and distal segments after the sagittal split
      ramus osteotomy (SSRO) has been a major concern since this procedure was first
      performed. Because of this problem, a comparison was made between a superior
      border wiring technique and an inferior border wiring technique. This involved
      the preoperative and postoperative lateral cephalograms of 35 patients from the
      Department of Oral Surgery at the Medical College of Georgia who received a SSRO
      with advancement. Nineteen patients received an inferior border wire and 16
      patients received a superior border wire. The areas studied were anterosuperior
      rotation of the proximal segment, increase in gonial angle, and condylar sag. A
      cephalometric evaluation and a computer analysis were performed. It was found
      that the inferior border wiring technique produces a statistically significant
      lesser amount of anterosuperior rotation of the proximal segment and less
      increase in gonial angle than the superior border wiring technique. Because of
      these findings, it was felt that the inferior border wiring techniques produce
      less displacement of the proximal segment in the SSRO advancement.

PMID- 3858482
TI  - Intraoral vertical subcondylar osteotomy: a national survey.
AB  - The results of a national survey pertaining to the IVSO are presented and the
      findings are contrasted with the literature on the procedure. It was found that
      the IVSO is a popular procedure for mandibular setback, that the value of
      determining the mandibular divergence angle is equivocal, that the Stryker
      oscillating saw is the most popular instrument for performing the osteotomy, that
      most operators leave the segments unfixed, and that the intraoral approach to the
      correction of mandibular prognathism is preferred. There were no geographic
      trends noted.

PMID- 3858483
TI  - Nonendemic American Burkitt's lymphoma.
AB  - A case of nonendemic American Burkitt's lymphoma with jaw involvement is
      presented. The oral findings are described and the distinctions of American form
      of the disease from the African form are discussed.

PMID- 3858484
TI  - Cowden's disease (multiple hamartoma syndrome).
AB  - A case report of Cowden's disease has been presented along with a discussion of
      its multiple system involvement. Its association with thyroid and breast
      malignancy make its differentiation from other or similar disease entities vital.

PMID- 3858485
TI  - Superior and buccal displacement of the mandibular canal in fibrous dysplasia.

PMID- 3858486
TI  - Extensive osteolysis of the mandible following devitalization of a tooth by
      arsenic trioxide.
AB  - A case of progressive osteolysis of the mandible that consisted of extensive
      fibrosis and granulation tissue and contained the occluded inferior alveolar
      artery and the inferior alveolar nerve is described. Arsenic trioxide was
      suspected as the possible precipitating cause of the lesion, which started with
      an abrupt onset of paresthesia of the lower lip following its application to the
      mandibular second molar for devitalization.

PMID- 3858487
TI  - Protracted temporomandibular joint arthritis in familial Mediterranean fever.

PMID- 3858488
TI  - Keratoacanthoma versus squamous cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3858489
TI  - Monitoring the sterilization assurance. A new service offered by the OHSU School
      of Dentistry.

PMID- 3858490
TI  - Hope for the hard of hearing.

PMID- 3858491
TI  - Ultrastructural aspects of nerves, bones, and vessels in hereditary sensory
      neuropathy.
AB  - This study concerns two children, from the same otherwise normal family,
      presenting progressive spontaneous amputations of the limbs, suggesting
      peripheral hereditary sensory neuropathy. Samples from the distal nerves and
      vessels and the distal tibial epiphyses were examined ultrastructurally. The
      nerves showed signs of degeneration, and a typical bone necrosis, without
      osteoclasts, was observed in the 2 cm margin of the samples. Simultaneous
      modifications of the vessels suggest a neurally initiated vascular reflex
      resulting in bone destruction. Theories that might explain the observations are
      discussed.

PMID- 3858492
TI  - Long-term neuropsychologic sequelae of childhood leukemia: correlation with CT
      brain scan abnormalities.
AB  - Previous studies have failed to establish a direct relationship between
      behavioral disorders and organic pathology in long-term survivors of childhood
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We evaluated 23 long-term survivors who received
      central nervous system preventive therapy with cranial irradiation and
      intrathecal chemotherapy, using neuropsychologic tests and computed tomographic
      brain scans. The patients were in continuous first remission for 7 to 11 years,
      and none were receiving chemotherapy. On the basis of their CT scan findings,
      they were divided into three groups: 10 with normal CT findings, five with
      intracerebral calcifications, and eight with cortical atrophy. Neuropsychologic
      test results allowed prediction of CT scan findings with an 87% accuracy (P less
      than 0.001), indicating a strong correlation between the presence and type of CT
      scan abnormality and neuropsychologic functioning. Tests that measured verbal
      memory, attention, and functions correlated with frontal lobe integrity were most
      powerful in discriminating between groups.

PMID- 3858493
TI  - Epidural spinal cord compression as the initial finding in childhood acute
      leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

PMID- 3858494
TI  - Outcome of home mechanical ventilation in children.
AB  - A retrospective study of the outcome of home mechanical ventilation in 54
      children with chronic respiratory insufficiency was conducted. The children's
      ages ranged from 4 months to 18 years. Tracheostomies and positive pressure
      ventilation were used in 33 patients, and negative pressure ventilation in 21
      patients. Nine patients were eventually weaned from the ventilator, including
      three quadriplegic patients in whom electrophrenic stimulation subsequently was
      used. Over 20 years, there were 17 deaths, including three from ventilator
      disconnection. Life table analysis showed 1-year survival to be 84%, and 5-year
      survival 65%. Home mechanical ventilation, with patients cared for by family and
      friends, cost less (average less than $1000/mo) than registered nurse or hospital
      care (average $16,000/mo). There was no significant difference in the number of
      deaths between patients cared for by registered nurses 24 hours a day and those
      cared for by family and friends. Home mechanical ventilation may be a reasonably
      safe and cost-effective alternative to prolonged hospitalization for the
      ventilator-dependent child.

PMID- 3858495
TI  - Lymphoblastic leukemia with osteopenia and vertebral compression fractures.

PMID- 3858496
TI  - Extended wear contact lenses in pediatric aphakia.
AB  - A 100% silicone polymer contact lens can be used successfully for extended wear
      in pediatric aphakia. Compared to a hydrogel extended wear contact lens, the
      silicone lens has several advantages. These include easier handling, a less
      traumatic fitting procedure for the child, fluorescein use for evaluation of the
      lens-cornea relationship and a lower loss rate. Bacterial and preservative
      contamination are minimized due to the lower water content. The silicone lens
      appears to be safe, having no permanent adverse effects on the cornea. It would
      be more advantageous if the lens could be obtained in higher plus powers;
      however, the available power (up to +32.00D) is appropriate in almost all cases.

PMID- 3858497
TI  - Temporal patterns of the behavior of young children in the dental chair.

PMID- 3858498
TI  - An early approach for the interception of skeletal open bite: a preliminary
      report.

PMID- 3858499
TI  - Vasopressor syncope in children: incidence and treatment.

PMID- 3858500
TI  - The relationship between gingival inflammation and its protein composition.

PMID- 3858501
TI  - The incidence of transposition of teeth in dental patients.

PMID- 3858502
TI  - A new technique sequence for approximating a stainless-steel crown and a Class II
      amalgam.

PMID- 3858503
TI  - Nifedipine-induced gingival hyperplasia. A histochemical and ultrastructural
      study.
AB  - Gingival hyperplasia induced by nifedipine (Procardia), a calcium channel
      blocking agent used as an anti-anginal drug, was studied. In recent months, the
      role of nifedipine in the etiology of gingival hyperplasia has attracted
      interest. The purpose of this study was to determine the causal relationship and
      compare nifedipine to other drug-induced (phenytoin) and nondrug-induced gingival
      hyperplasias. Histochemical studies revealed increased numbers of fibroblasts
      containing strongly sulfated mucopolysaccharides in the nifedipine- and phenytoin
      (Dilantin) induced gingival hyperplasias as compared to the nondrug-induced
      cases. Numerous secretory granules were also noted in the fibroblast cytoplasm in
      the nifedipine-treated case studied by electron microscopy. These results imply
      that there is an increase in acid mucopolysaccharide production in the nifedipine
      and phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasias. The potential significance and
      comparisons of the drugs' effects at the cellular level are discussed.

PMID- 3858504
TI  - Visualization of the human periodontium using serial thin section contact
      radiography.
AB  - A method is described to produce radiographs of thin sections of human teeth and
      periodontal structures. These high resolution contact x-rays allow for
      visualization of the microscopic details of the mineralized components of these
      tissues in a dimension heretofore not examined. Twenty-five blocks of human jaws
      containing teeth affected by periodontal disease were obtained from cadavers.
      Sagittal, transverse and cross-sectional serial slices were cut using a rotary
      instrument (1500 rpm) with a water-cooled 3-inch jewelers slot saw. Five hundred
      micron sections were made of jaw specimens containing 2 or 3 teeth. The
      radiographs were taken with a Faxitron low voltage x-ray machine on Kodak-Ortho,
      Type 3 film. Films were exposed at a distance of 12 inches from the x-ray source
      at 35 kVp and 1.0 mA for 3 minutes with the specimen in direct contact with the
      film. Spatial representation of the internal structure of the alveolar bone was
      obtained using this technique and the detailed anatomy of the vascular channels
      within the cancellous and cortical compartments of the jaws was studied.
      Mineralization patterns of plaque and calculus, calcifications in the periodontal
      ligament, pulp calcifications, accessory root canals, caries and detailed
      structural changes in the enamel and cementum were also viewed on these films
      with the aid of microscopy. Magnifications of up to 30 times were used without
      excessive image distortion resulting from film grain.

PMID- 3858505
TI  - Root surface measurements of the mandibular first molar.
AB  - The root surface area (RSA) per millimeter of root length was determined for 20
      extracted mandibular first molars. The molars were cross-sectioned at 1-mm
      increments, and each section photographed, projected and measured with a
      calibrated opisometer. The RSA and per cent RSA were calculated for each 1 mm of
      root length (1-mm section), the root trunk and the individual roots. Also
      measured was the location of the root separations from the root trunk, the
      location of the first detectable root concavity, and the prevalence of
      "intermediate bifurcation ridges" (IBRs). Mean measurements indicated that the
      greatest RSA per millimeter of root length was 4 to 7 mm apical to the
      cementoenamel junction (CEJ) in the area of the furcation. Of the total RSA,
      48.7% was located in the coronal 6 mm of a root (mean length, 14.4 mm). Root
      separation occurred 4.0 mm apical to the CEJ with no tooth having a root trunk
      longer than 6 mm. Buccal and lingual root concavities were first present 0.7 mm
      and 0.3 mm apical to the CEJ, respectively. Fourteen (70%) of the 20 teeth had
      IBRs. According to the mean measurements, the mesial root was larger than the
      distal root by a ratio of 1.0:0.88. Horizontal attachment loss of 6 mm affecting
      both the buccal and lingual surfaces of the mandibular first molar would have
      resulted in a through and through (grade 3) furcation involvement of all the
      teeth studied.

PMID- 3858506
TI  - Analysis of the antipyretic action of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in
      rabbits.
AB  - alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) or paracetamol was injected into
      a lateral cerebral ventricle (I.C.V.) of rabbits with elevations in rectal
      temperature induced by sodium arachidonate (I.C.V.), prostaglandin E2 (I.C.V.) or
      leucocytic pyrogen (I.V.). alpha-MSH (200 ng) was more effective than paracetamol
      (0.5 mg) in reducing fever caused by leucocytic pyrogen, but it did not alter
      hyperthermia induced by sodium arachidonate. In contrast, paracetamol reduced
      hyperthermic responses to arachidonate by about 70%. Neither alpha-MSH nor
      paracetamol affected hyperthermic responses to prostaglandin E2. The doses of
      alpha-MSH and paracetamol used in these experiments did not interfere with
      thermoregulation in a cold environment (10 degrees C). We conclude (1) that alpha
      MSH and paracetamol differ in their central mechanism of antipyresis or (2) that
      inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism by paracetamol is not requisite for its
      antipyretic effect, in which case central release of alpha-MSH may mediate the
      antipyretic effect of paracetamol.

PMID- 3858507
TI  - Changes of attitude in fixed prosthodontic patients.
AB  - The results of a survey that examined the perceptions and attitudes of patients
      who have completed fixed prosthodontic treatment were described. The data
      obtained in this survey confirm the clinical experiences of many restorative
      dentists. Most patients desire functional, comfortable, and particularly,
      esthetic restorations. They are sensitive to changes that occur when provisional
      restorations are replaced by definitive crowns and fixed partial dentures. Tooth
      preparation and impression procedures are perceived as the most unpleasant steps
      in the treatment process. On completion of treatment, patients recognize and
      appreciate its benefits. The data have implications for the overall treatment
      process. With an appreciation for the perceptions and attitudes of fixed
      prosthodontic patients, the restorative dentist is prepared more completely to
      provide satisfying restorations. Through increased awareness of patient
      expectations and experiences, restorations can be planned, made and placed in
      harmony with the hard and soft oral tissues, and in harmony with the patient's
      expectations as well.

PMID- 3858508
TI  - Effects of topical fluoride preparations on glazed porcelain surfaces.
AB  - Porcelain disks were tested in three topical fluoride preparations to determine
      if glazed porcelain surfaces suffered untoward effects. Tap water was used as a
      control. The only disks damaged were those immersed in acidulated phosphate
      fluoride gel. Acidulated phosphate fluoride gel should not be used where glazed
      porcelain restorations are present.

PMID- 3858509
TI  - Evaluation of incisal guide calibrations.
AB  - The incisal guide calibrations of three adjustable articulators were investigated
      and compared to determine the significance of the different incremental markings
      of each. A method to use vertical changes in the anterior incisal guide of these
      three articulators accurately to measure jaw and tooth separation was proposed.
      The relationship between pin opening and incisor opening was evaluated by direct
      measurement and calculation. Twenty sets of diagnostically mounted casts were
      examined to evaluate the accuracy of the radius that generates each curved pin in
      relation to incisor position. Considering the as-manufactured incisal guide
      markings, casts mounted in a Denar D5A or TMJ articulator will bear a closer
      relationship between pin opening and incisor separation than casts mounted in a
      Stuart gnathological computer. To approximate linear incisor separation per
      calibration mark for each instrument, a table of values was presented for casts
      mounted at various positions.

PMID- 3858510
TI  - Geometric study of incisal guide pin opening.

PMID- 3858511
TI  - Efficient calcium hydroxide placement within the root canal.

PMID- 3858512
TI  - Dentin permeability: effects of cavity varnishes and bases.

PMID- 3858513
TI  - Panoramic radiographic examination of edentulous patients.
AB  - A study of panoramic radiographs made on 114 edentulous patients was described.
      Six radiographic entities were identified: root fragments, retained teeth,
      radiolucencies, radiopacities, foreign bodies, and mental foramina at or near the
      crest of the residual ridge. The percent of positive findings in this study and
      those of previous studies support the fact that one of three edentulous patients
      has a potentially complicating condition within the denture base foundation.
      These investigations stress the necessity of radiographic examination of all
      edentulous patients prior to treatment with complete dentures. The high incidence
      of positive findings suggests not only the need for radiographic examinations of
      all patients, but also the frequency with which the dentist is faced with the
      necessity of modifying the treatment plan.

PMID- 3858514
TI  - Determination of approximate size of maxillary anterior denture teeth when
      mandibular anterior teeth are present. Part III: Relationship of maxillary to
      mandibular central incisor widths.
AB  - The average width of a natural maxillary central incisor is 8.92 mm. This value
      is determined from the results of three studies of natural dentitions. The
      average width of a mandibular central incisor is 5.5 mm. The average ratio
      produced by dividing the average maxillary central incisor width by the average
      mandibular incisor width is 1.62. The factor of 1.5 times the width of a
      mandibular central incisor produces a maxillary central incisor width that is too
      narrow. The width of a mandibular central incisor plus half the width of the
      mandibular lateral incisor also produces a maxillary central incisor width that
      is too narrow. There may be a tendency to undersize the maxillary prosthetic
      dentition. The ratio of 1.62 can be used to select the appropriate width for a
      missing maxillary central incisor when given the width of the mandibular central
      incisor. This ratio of 1.62 is also valuable to verify the dimension of a
      selected artificial maxillary central incisor when the patient complains that the
      tooth is too large. If substitutions or adjustments are made in the mold, the
      desired canine-to-canine measurement produced by the ratio range of 1.3 to 1.38
      reported in Parts I and II of this study should be maintained.

PMID- 3858515
TI  - Wear of anatomic acrylic resin denture teeth.

PMID- 3858516
TI  - Cranial and maxillofacial epithesis treatment on osseointegrated implants:
      concept and principles.

PMID- 3858517
TI  - Fabrication of hollow extraoral prostheses to enhance retention.

PMID- 3858518
TI  - Effective measures to reduce xylene exposure.
AB  - Several effective measures to reduce xylene exposure of clinicians during the
      extrinsic coloring of facial prostheses have been described. These measures can
      be used to modify the xylene exposure problem until an adequate ventilation
      system can be installed in the treatment room.

PMID- 3858519
TI  - Retrospective radiographic evaluation of 100 temporomandibular joint patients.

PMID- 3858520
TI  - An evaluation of occlusal indicator wax.

PMID- 3858521
TI  - Vertical dimension record: a three dimensional phenomenon. Part II.
AB  - Face height and profile have two displacement dimensions that can be measured:
      the superior-inferior face height measurement, and the anterior-posterior
      displacement of the midsagittal profile measurement. The superior-inferior
      displacement is largely a function of movement of the lower lip and related
      mandibular structures. The anterior-posterior displacement is generally
      associated with movement of the upper lip, particularly the tubercle. The changes
      in one dimension are usually a function of change in the other dimension; that
      is, an increase in height may be associated with contraction of the dental
      arches; or conversely, reduction of vertical height may be associated with
      expansion of the dental arches.

PMID- 3858522
TI  - Changes in chewing patterns of patients with complete dentures after placement of
      osseointegrated implants in the mandible.
AB  - Mandibular movements were recorded with the Selspot system in 16 complete denture
      patients, before and after treatment with mandibular OIFD. The general chewing
      pattern underwent only minor changes. However, some chewing cycle parameters
      showed obvious alterations. Increased mandibular velocity and displacement,
      especially in the opening phase, were registered. The cycle duration showed a
      tendency to decrease due to a significant shortening of the occlusion phase. This
      can be attributed to the stabilization of the occlusion provided by the fixed
      denture in the mandible.

PMID- 3858523
TI  - Denture cleansers and in vitro plaque.

PMID- 3858524
TI  - An analysis of anger in relation to clinical dentistry.
AB  - This article discussed anger and its cause. Experience and observation of human
      behavior denote valid points in the four concepts considered. The introduction of
      the RET has added the belief system and interpretation of events to the classic
      approaches. This concept adds further insight into why people become angry or,
      more accurately, allow themselves to be moved by anger. With this new knowledge
      should come an awareness of the need to converse with and know patients better
      and to prevent undesirable anger relationships from occurring. Dentists are able
      to modify the patient's belief system, if it is erroneous, by educating them
      toward more realistic expectations. This makes it possible to add to the
      patient's happiness by reducing conflictual relationships in the acceptance of
      reality.

PMID- 3858525
TI  - Fabrication of the hollow bulb obturator.
AB  - The fabrication of a hollow bulb without the use of water and pressure has been
      described. When water and pressure are used, it requires opening the bulb,
      draining the water, and resealing. Tissue conditioners, soft liners, clasps,
      teeth, and other additions may be used in conjunction with the restoration.
      Adjustments are easily made.

PMID- 3858526
TI  - The role of dental floss in restorative dentistry.

PMID- 3858527
TI  - Possible role of tensile stress in the etiology of cervical erosive lesions of
      the teeth.

PMID- 3858528
TI  - Fracture resistance of human teeth with mesial-occlusal-distal cavities prepared
      with sharp and round internal line forms.
AB  - Conservative MOD amalgam-type preparations of similar dimensions were cut in
      extracted contralateral maxillary first premolars; one preparation for each pair
      had sharp internal line angles and the other had a rounded internal form. The
      data do not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in resistance to
      fracture between the two groups. The difference in preparation produced by the
      use of a flat-end bur vs. a rounded-end bur does not appear to produce a great
      enough concentration of stress to significantly weaken teeth with conservative
      preparations.

PMID- 3858529
TI  - Reproducibility of mandibular centricity in three dimensions.

PMID- 3858530
TI  - Palatal shape and the flexural strength of maxillary denture bases.

PMID- 3858531
TI  - Depression: a psychologic consideration in complete denture prosthodontics.
AB  - When the complete denture population was examined for depression with the BDI,
      the greatest prevalence of depressive symptoms was found to coincide with the age
      groups that included the greatest proportion of denture wearers. An awareness by
      the dentist of high-risk groups for depression within the patient pool may help
      explain difficulties in achieving patient satisfaction with dentures, facilitate
      recognition of a problem, and make possible appropriate referral for diagnosis
      and treatment.

PMID- 3858532
TI  - Mandibular positioning prosthesis for the partially resected mandibulectomy
      patient.

PMID- 3858533
TI  - Interim obturation of palatal perforations.

PMID- 3858535
TI  - Bruxism and its effect on the natural teeth.
AB  - Bruxism is one of the most prevalent, complex, and destructive dental functional
      disorders. It is difficult to identify, especially in its early stages, because
      most patients are unaware of the habit. Although many factors contribute to the
      etiology of the disorder, there is little valid and reliable clinical research to
      assure a correct diagnosis. The effects of bruxism are multiple and diverse and
      include temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction, head and neck pain, tooth
      wear, mobility, erosion, abrasion, loss of and damage to supporting structures,
      muscle pain and spasm, disturbance of esthetics, and interference and oral
      comfort. Treatment may be simple or complex, depending on the nature of the
      disorder. More severe disorders are difficult to treat, and the prognosis may be
      questionable. Because the diagnosis and treatment of bruxism is inadequately
      defined and poorly understood, carefully designed clinical research projects are
      encouraged.

PMID- 3858534
TI  - Tissue reaction to implanted biomaterials.
AB  - Tissue reactions to the single-crystal sapphire, titanium, Co-Cr-Mo alloy, and
      PMMA were histologically evaluated after implantation into the subcutaneous
      tissue and tibia of rats. In subcutaneous tissue the reaction from early necrotic
      change and acute inflammation to final encapsulation by fibrous connective tissue
      was least pronounced around single-crystal sapphire implants. Tissue reactions of
      a slightly greater degree were found around titanium and Co-Cr-Mo alloy implants.
      The most prominent tissue reaction was observed around PMMA implants. In the
      tibia, single-crystal sapphire, titanium, and Co-Cr-Mo alloy implants were
      encapsulated by newly formed compact bone, but bone was not so evident around
      PMMA implants. These findings suggest that single-crystal sapphire implants have
      more favorable tissue compatibility than those of titanium, Co-Cr-Mo alloy, and
      PMMA.

PMID- 3858536
TI  - The diagram of contact intensities: a basic characteristic of occlusion.

PMID- 3858537
TI  - A tomographic study of mandibular condyle position in an asymptomatic population.

PMID- 3858538
TI  - Collagen biosynthesis related to temporomandibular joint clicking in childhood.

PMID- 3858539
TI  - Duration of nocturnal tooth contacts during bruxing.

PMID- 3858540
TI  - Mandibular alveolar bone resorption: a vertical assessment.

PMID- 3858541
TI  - Preliminary study of mandibular shape after tooth loss.

PMID- 3858542
TI  - Investigation of the effect of a variable anterior guidance incline on the
      graphic registration of mandibular border movement: Part I.

PMID- 3858543
TI  - A permanent method of recording occlusal contacts.

PMID- 3858544
TI  - Moisture evacuation with the rubber dam in place.

PMID- 3858545
TI  - Compressive strengths of conventional, twin foil, and all-ceramic crowns.

PMID- 3858546
TI  - Effect of interocclusal records on transverse axis position.

PMID- 3858547
TI  - Effect of prostaglandin E2 on puerperal breast discomfort and prolactin
      secretion.
AB  - The effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (3 mg/day orally for four days) on
      puerperal breast discomfort and prolactin secretion was investigated in eight
      women in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Scoring systems were used for
      daily assessment of the degree of breast discomfort. PGE2 had no effect on breast
      lactation, breast swelling or pain. No difference was seen between serum
      prolactin in the placebo- and PGE2-treated women. Contrary to a previous report,
      in our experimental design PGE2 had no effect on puerperal breast lactation,
      swelling or pain or on serum prolactin.

PMID- 3858548
TI  - In vivo caries removal utilizing the YAG laser.

PMID- 3858549
TI  - Testing well water for prescribing fluoride supplements.

PMID- 3858550
TI  - Nursing home residents' right to refuse treatment.

PMID- 3858551
TI  - Alternative delivery and financing systems.

PMID- 3858552
TI  - Mucinous appendiceal tumors: clinical review.

PMID- 3858553
TI  - Imaging: magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord.

PMID- 3858554
TI  - Dental diagnosis and treatment of chronic vomiting patients.

PMID- 3858555
TI  - Gypsum products: use of abuse.

PMID- 3858556
TI  - Important information concerning liability insurance.

PMID- 3858557
TI  - [Progression and hemopoietic changes in erythroleukemia based on FAB
      classification].

PMID- 3858558
TI  - [ACMP two-step therapy for children with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia].

PMID- 3858559
TI  - [Study on monitoring of the plasma 6-MP level].

PMID- 3858560
TI  - [A case of myelomonocytic leukemia accompanied by pulmonary thromboembolism with
      mucormyces successfully treated by pulmonary lobectomy].

PMID- 3858561
TI  - [Automation of colorimetry using chromogenic substrates, with special reference
      to blood coagulation disorders in acute myelocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3858562
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of a cancer antigen CA125 associated with ovarian cancer.
      (III) Serum CA125 levels in patients with ovarian cancer and other gynecological
      tumors].

PMID- 3858563
TI  - [Binding of lactate dehydrogenase to IgA].

PMID- 3858564
TI  - [Biochemical diagnostic procedures in X-linked ichthyosis].

PMID- 3858565
TI  - [A promising tumor marker CA 19-9 for pancreatic carcinoma: comparison with CEA
      and elastase 1].

PMID- 3858566
TI  - [Gallium-67 scintigraphy in evaluation of bronchogenic carcinoma treated with
      radiation. Correlation with local effects and prognosis].

PMID- 3858567
TI  - [Evaluation of serum CA 19-9 in digestive diseases. Fundamental and clinical
      studies].

PMID- 3858568
TI  - Essential thrombocythemia terminating in myelofibrosis and myeloblastic
      transformation.
AB  - A 58-year-old man with essential thrombocythemia terminating in myelofibrosis and
      myeloblastic transformation is described. He was treated with busulfan and lived
      for 6 years and 6 months. At autopsy, significant osteomyelofibrosis was noted.
      Moreover, myeloblastic infiltration with proliferation of megakaryocytes and
      erythroblasts was seen in the bone marrow and spleen. In the lymph nodes, myeloid
      metaplasia was noted. The past reports on this disease terminating in
      myelofibrosis and/or blast transformation have been reviewed.

PMID- 3858569
TI  - Chemotherapy of acute leukemia in adults.

PMID- 3858570
TI  - Race, socioeconomic status, and other prognostic factors for survival from
      prostate cancer.
AB  - Survival data on prostate cancer patients from 11 Comprehensive Cancer Centers
      contributing data to the Centralized Cancer Patient Data System were analyzed to
      examine the contribution of various factors to the probability of survival from
      prostate carcinoma. Application of a number of exclusion criteria resulted in a
      series of 2,513 patients (1,032 blacks and 1,481 Caucasians) for whom complete
      data on variables of interest were available. The stage of disease at diagnosis
      was a major determinant of survival. The proportion of blacks presenting the
      disease in advanced stage was substantially higher than that of Caucasians--a
      difference which was maintained within each socio-economic status (SES) category.
      Caucasian patients had a better prognosis than blacks for each disease stage. A
      dose-response relationship between SES and survival prognosis was observed and
      this relationship persisted for each stage of the disease. Although both race and
      SES turned out to be significant in regression models in which one or the other
      was considered, the model including both race and SES showed only SES to be a
      significant factor. Hence it can be hypothesized that the racial difference in
      the survival prognosis for prostate cancer is, to a large extent due to the
      differences in the distribution of SES in the two races.

PMID- 3858571
TI  - Double minute chromosomes in acute myeloblastic leukemia.
AB  - Two patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) with double minute
      chromosomes (dmins) are described. One patient had dmins in approximately one
      third of bone marrow cells examined at diagnosis; no other karyotypic changes
      were observed. The dmins disappeared when the patient achieved a complete
      remission. The second patient developed acute leukemia as a second cancer, having
      previously received radiotherapy and chemotherapy for a breast carcinoma. At the
      time of diagnosis of AML, the patient exhibited dmins in 12% of bone marrow
      cells; other complex karyotypic changes were observed. Data on the clinical and
      cytogenetic features of these cases are compared with those of other reported
      cases of acute leukemia with dmins. The possible biologic and clinical
      significance of dmins in acute leukemia is discussed.

PMID- 3858572
TI  - Modulation of the terminal differentiation of human squamous carcinoma cells in
      vitro by all-trans-retinoic acid.
AB  - A malignant human cell line (SqCC/Y1) derived from a squamous carcinoma of the
      buccal mucosa is described. It formed a stratified cellular structure with
      ultrastructural characteristics of a fully differentiated stratified squamous
      epithelium when cultured in equal parts of Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium and
      Ham's medium F12, supplemented only with insulin, transferrin, and selenium.
      After 14 days in culture in this defined medium, 30% of the cells became
      keratinized (insoluble in detergent), and 75% of the cells were capable of being
      induced to form cornified cell envelopes. Involucrin, the precursor protein of
      the cornified cell envelope, could be detected by immunofluorescence only in
      suprabasal cells. Treatment of SqCC/Y1 cultures with 5 X 10(-8) M all-trans
      retinoic acid (RA) completely inhibited stratification and markedly increased
      cell desquamation. In the presence of RA, less than 10% of the cells became
      keratinized, and only 15-20% of the cells acquired envelope-forming competence.
      The fraction of colony-forming cells in RA-treated cultures was tenfold higher
      than in fully mature cultures. Thus RA appears to be an effective inhibitor of
      terminal differentiation of SqCC/Y1 cells.

PMID- 3858574
TI  - Short-term fluctuations and long-term trends in anchorage-independent
      multiplication among cryopreserved subpopulations of a spontaneously transformed
      Balb/3T3 clone.
AB  - A spontaneously transformed clone of Balb/3T3 cells which produced primitive
      pleomorphic sarcomas in nude mice was maintained in serial passage without
      cryopreservation. It was also cryopreserved at an early passage and thawed out at
      four successive intervals. The capacity of these 5 subpopulations to form
      colonies while suspended in agar (CFEag) was assayed repeatedly over a period of
      almost 3 years. The initial CFEag and the subsequent pattern of change were
      unique for each of the subpopulations. When later passages of the nonfrozen
      subpopulation were cryopreserved and then thawed, there was only a slight change
      in CFEag and colony size in agar. There were differences in multiplication rates
      of 3 of the subpopulations on plastic surfaces in the same rank order as their
      CFEag, but the differences were smaller. Short-term fluctuations in CFEag,
      however, were not paralleled by changes in multiplication rate on plastic. The
      nonfrozen subpopulation assumed the appearance of nontransformed fibroblasts when
      crowded for several days on plastic, and these "normalized" cells had a greatly
      reduced CFEag when assayed in agar. Neither the change in appearance nor the
      decrease in CFEag with prolonged incubation of crowded cells occurred with one of
      the cryopreserved subpopulations which had the same CFEag and growth rate on
      plastic as the nonfrozen subpopulation under optimal conditions. The evidence
      favors an epigenetic rather than a genetic origin of the variations in appearance
      and behavior of the subpopulations.

PMID- 3858573
TI  - Carcinogenicity of diallylnitrosamine following intragastric administration to
      Syrian hamsters.
AB  - Single and multiple intragastric doses of diallylnitrosamine [(DAN) CAS: 16338-97
      9] administered to Syrian golden hamsters induced tumors, primarily of the
      respiratory tract, in which the nasal cavity epithelium was the preferred site.
      When compared to the effect of DAN after subcutaneous administration at equal
      doses, the incidence of respiratory tract tumors was lower but that of hepatic
      tumors was higher, suggesting partial metabolism of DAN in the liver. Comparative
      metabolic and mutagenesis studies in BD IX rats (which reportedly are refractory
      to the carcinogenic effects of DAN), in Wistar rats, and in Syrian hamsters
      showed that a greater proportion of orally administered DAN was exhaled by both
      rat strains (12-19%) than by hamsters (2-4%). The activity of the microsomal
      fraction of the hamster liver for metabolizing DAN to allyl alcohol was about 10
      times higher than that in rats, whereas no significant species differences were
      found with the cytosolic fraction. Pretreatment of animals with phenobarbital
      (PB) or pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN) did not influence either
      microsomal or cytosolic enzyme activities in hamsters, whereas about a tenfold
      increase in enzyme activities was seen after pretreatment with PB in both rat
      strains and following PCN in Wistar rats. Moreover, in bacterial mutagenesis
      assays, hamster liver microsomes were twice as active as those in BD IX rats. The
      results are discussed in relation to the carcinogenicity of DAN in rats and
      hamsters.

PMID- 3858575
TI  - Inhibition of mouse natural killer cell activity by zinc.
AB  - The effect of zinc on mouse natural killer (NK) cell activity was evaluated. The
      inhibition of NK cell activity with zinc was dependent on the concentration of
      zinc added (range tested: 0-40 micrograms zinc/ml) and occurred at both effector
      to-target ratios tested. Zinc-induced inhibition of NK activity was observed with
      the use of peritoneal or splenic effector cells on Toxoplasma gondii-augmented NK
      activity. Maximal inhibition of activity was noted when zinc was present for the
      entire assay period. Inhibition was present but less marked with pretreatment of
      effector cells with zinc. Pretreatment of target cells with zinc had no
      measurable effect on NK cytotoxicity. Effector-to-target cell binding as measured
      by single-cell assays was not significantly altered by zinc. These results
      indicate that zinc is a potent inhibitor of NK activity.

PMID- 3858577
TI  - Effect of tuftsin on in vivo development of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced primary
      fibrosarcoma and Lewis lung carcinoma in mice.
AB  - The effect of tuftsin therapy on tumor development was examined in a murine
      primary fibrosarcoma and the Lewis lung carcinoma systems. Following im injection
      of 3-methylcholanthrene (CAS: 56-49-5) on day 0, C57BL/10ScSn mice were treated
      weekly with 3 ip tuftsin injections beginning on day 1 or day 60. Similar
      patterns of tumor development were observed regardless of whether tuftsin therapy
      was immediate or delayed. Only modest differences in experimental and control
      tumor incidences were found upon termination of studies; however, treated animals
      developed significantly fewer tumors than controls early during the observation
      periods. Thus mean tumor latent periods varied significantly when therapy began
      on day 1 (103.6 days in controls vs. 119.1 in treated mice; P = .02) or 2 months
      later (104.6 days in controls vs. 115.3 in treated mice; P = .01). One day
      subsequent to intra-footpad implantation of 10(5) Lewis lung carcinoma cells,
      C57BL/6 mice received at least 10 iv injections of tuftsin and were compared with
      controls for variations in survival or lung tumor development. The mean survival
      time in treated mice, 41.2 days, differed sharply from that (30.1 days) in
      controls (P = .00001). Similar groups of mice varied significantly in mean
      metastatic lung colony counts when examined on day 30; there were 15.1 colonies
      in controls and 8.0 in experimental animals (P = .03).

PMID- 3858576
TI  - Histidinol-mediated enhancement of the specificity of two anticancer drugs in
      mice bearing leukemic bone marrow disease.
AB  - The possibility was investigated that L-histidinol-anticancer drug combinations
      may provide increased tumor cell eradication and eliminate in vivo bone marrow
      toxicity of proliferation-dependent anticancer agents in animals bearing an
      established, intrafemoral bone marrow disease. It was previously demonstrated
      that L-histidinol, a structural analogue of the essential amino acid L-histidine,
      improves the specificity of cytarabine (ara-C) and 5-fluorouracil (FUra) in
      DBA/2J mice bearing intraperitoneal L 1210 leukemia. Accordingly, DBA/2J mice
      were given iv injections of 1 X 10(6) L1210 leukemia cells 3 days before
      histidinol-anticancer drug treatments. During the postinjection, pretreatment
      interval, injected tumor cells populated the femoral marrows, shown by clonogenic
      assays and flow cytometric analyses. Following various drug treatments,
      quantitative and selective survival assays were performed of normal femoral cells
      and of clonogenic L1210 leukemia cells isolated from the femurs of treated mice.
      These experiments demonstrated that L-histidinol not only protected the marrow
      cell population from both ara-C and FUra, but also increased significantly the
      toxicities of these agents for the intrafemoral tumor cells. Thus L-histidinol
      mediates a substantial increase in the specificities of ara-C and FUra in mice
      bearing an established bone marrow leukemic condition.

PMID- 3858578
TI  - Hormonal influences on growth of B16 murine melanoma.
AB  - The influence of endocrine factors on B16 melanoma growth was investigated in
      young and old male mice to test the hypothesis that senescent hormonal changes
      account for the age-associated reduced tumor growth previously observed in our
      laboratory. Again it was demonstrated that tumors grow more slowly and to a
      lesser volume in old mice. For a test of whether senescent hormonal changes
      account for this tumor growth pattern, B16 was implanted into male and female
      C57BL/6 mice and tumor growth observed. In addition, young adult male mice were
      castrated and later B16 melanoma growth was determined. Tumor growth was similar
      in male and female mice. Contrary to our expectations, however, castrated male
      mice demonstrated larger tumor volumes, despite serum testosterone levels similar
      to those of old mice. Furthermore, after iv tumor cell injection, the occurrence
      of pulmonary colonies was greater in castrated mice. These observations indicate
      the importance of hormonal factors in this commonly explored tumor system. With
      regard to aging and tumor growth, however, senescent sex hormone changes probably
      do not account for the slower tumor growth observed in aged animals.

PMID- 3858579
TI  - Partial reversion of the metastatic phenotype in a wheat germ agglutinin
      resistant mutant of the murine tumor cell line MDAY-D2 selected with Bandeiraea
      simplicifolia seed lectin.
AB  - MDW4, a wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-resistant (WGAr) mutant of the metastatic
      murine tumor cell line MDAY-D2, was previously shown to be nonmetastatic in the
      syngeneic DBA/2 host. A substantial portion of the asparagine (Asn)-linked
      carbohydrate in MDW4 terminated in N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and appeared to
      be a premature truncation product of the sialylated poly-N-acetyllactosamine
      containing complex found in MDAY-D2 cells. This lesion in carbohydrate structure
      has been shown to contribute to the more adhesive behavior of MDW4 cells on
      laminin, fibronectin, and type IV collagen and to the increased sensitivity of
      MDW4 to natural killer (NK) cell lysis in vitro. For further characterization of
      the relationship between Asn-linked carbohydrate structures, cell adhesion, NK
      cell sensitivity, and metastasis, mutants of MDW4 were selected for resistance to
      the GlcNAc-binding lectin from Bandeiraea simplicifolia seeds (BSII). Three
      independently selected BSII-resistant (BSIIr) mutants of MDW4 chosen for further
      study had a lectin resistance phenotype intermediate between that of MDAY-D2 and
      that of MDW4. Plasma membrane glycoproteins separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and stained with iodinated WGA, BSII, and
      leukoagglutinin also indicated an intermediate phenotype, with the presence of
      both GlcNAc-terminating structures and sialylated complex. Compared to MDW4, the
      BSIIr mutants of MDW4 showed a return to the more malignant phenotype of MDAY-D2
      when injected iv. The double mutants were less sensitive to NK cell lysis in
      vitro and to the in vivo effects of the NK cell boosting agent polyinosinic
      polycytidylic acid. The double mutants retained the ability to attach to
      fibronectin, laminin, and collagen type IV in vitro, a property that may have
      contributed to their low malignancy when the cells were injected sc. MDW4 cells
      have been shown to fuse at low frequency with host-derived bone marrow cells at
      the sc site of injection, thereby acquiring the wild-type lectin resistance and
      metastatic phenotypes. The same process appears to occur in mice given an
      injection of the double mutants. The results suggest that the WGA-binding
      oligosaccharides found in MDAY-D2 and the BSIIr mutants of MDW4 enhance the
      malignant phenotype of the cells in the experimental metastasis assay.

PMID- 3858580
TI  - Effects of the interaction of dietary fat and protein on N-nitrosobis(2
      oxopropyl)amine-induced carcinogenesis and spontaneous lesions in Syrian golden
      hamsters.
AB  - Syrian golden hamsters were fed four diets in experiments designed to evaluate
      the effects of the interaction of dietary fat and protein on carcinogenesis
      induced by N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine [(BOP) CAS: 60599-38-4]. The diets
      consisted of two levels of dietary fat [4.5 g (low fat, LF) or 18 g (high fat,
      HF) of corn oil/385 kilocalories (kcal)]. These levels were fed with each of two
      levels of dietary protein [9 g low-protein (LP) and 36 g high-protein (HP)
      casein/385 kcal]. The four diets were fed to two separate groups of hamsters at
      two different periods in their life-span. For testing of the effects of diet on
      tumor initiation, one group received the diets from 3 to 7 weeks of age. At 8
      weeks, they were given injections sc of 10 mg BOP/kg body weight and placed on a
      control diet [9 g corn oil (medium fat) and 18 g casein (medium protein)/385
      kcal]. The other group received control diet until 8 weeks of age, at which time
      they were given injections of BOP and placed on the four diets. This group was
      designed to test the effects of the diets on tumor development. BOP-induced
      lesions in the lungs, liver, common bile duct, gallbladder, and kidneys are
      described; results in the pancreas were reported separately. In hamsters fed the
      four diets after BOP treatment, the LF-LP groups had the fewest tumors, the LF-HP
      fed and HF-LP-fed groups had intermediate yields of tumors, and the hamsters
      given HF-HP diet exhibited the largest numbers of neoplasms. Several specific
      tumor types showed a similar pattern. For example, the pulmonary adenoma
      incidence, which was low in the non-BOP-treated hamsters, was higher in the HF-HP
      group than in those fed LF-HP diet after BOP, but it was not influenced by fat at
      the LP level. In addition, renal adenomas were observed at a low incidence in non
      BOP-treated hamsters and in hamsters fed LF-LP levels before or after BOP
      treatment (0.5% incidence) but were present at an 8% incidence in all other BOP
      treated groups. The incidence of biliary cystic adenomas was highest in male
      hamsters that received HF diets, irrespective of BOP treatment, and BOP treatment
      resulted in increased yields of this lesion in females only in groups given HF-LP
      diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3858581
TI  - Enhancement of two-stage skin carcinogenesis by exposure of distant skin to UV
      radiation.
AB  - Exposure of C3H/HeN mice to UV 280-320 nm (UVB) radiation induces a systemic,
      immunologic alteration that interferes with the rejection of highly antigenic UVB
      radiation-induced skin cancers. The effect of this systemic alteration, induced
      by ventral UVB irradiation of mice, was tested on the induction of dorsal skin
      tumors resulting from initiation with UVB radiation and promotion with 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). The systemic effect of UVB radiation
      markedly potentiated carcinogenesis at the distant site. More important, mice
      treated with TPA alone on the dorsal skin developed a significant number of
      dorsal tumors if the mice also had been exposed ventrally to UVB radiation.
      Treatment of dorsal skin with UVB radiation alone did not result in the
      development of cancers, regardless of whether the mice received ventral
      irradiation. These results suggest that the systemic effect of UVB radiation is
      exerted during the promotion phase of two-stage carcinogenesis. Furthermore, they
      imply that a systemic effect of UVB radiation interferes with a natural host
      control mechanism that ordinarily holds skin cancers in check.

PMID- 3858583
TI  - Design of cancer assays for pharmaceutical agents.

PMID- 3858582
TI  - Dietary effects of menhaden oil on the growth and membrane lipid composition of
      rat mammary tumors.
AB  - The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of quantitative
      differences in dietary menhaden oil, an n-3 polyunsaturated marine oil, on
      mammary tumor development and to compare these results with those produced by
      corn oil, an n-6 polyunsaturated vegetable oil. Inbred female BUF rats were
      treated with the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (CAS: 684-93-5) and maintained
      on diets containing graded levels of each of the respective oils. Our results
      indicated that diets containing 20% menhaden oil produced a reduction in tumor
      incidence and a prolongation of the tumor latent period. This finding contrasted
      sharply with the enhanced tumor development and shortened latent period observed
      in the animals fed the equivalent dietary level of corn oil. Fatty acid analyses
      performed on the lipids extracted from the tumor and hepatic microsomes of the
      animals on the menhaden oil diets demonstrated that the proportion of
      eicosapentaenoic acid (No. of C-atoms:No. of double bonds = 20:5) present in
      these microsomal lipids was related inversely to mammary tumor development.

PMID- 3858584
TI  - Second cancers following radiation treatment for cervical cancer. An
      international collaboration among cancer registries.
AB  - The numbers of second cancers among 182,040 women treated for cervical cancer
      that were reported to 15 cancer registries in 8 countries were compared to the
      numbers expected had the same risk prevailed as in the general population. A
      small 9% excess of second cancers (5,146 observed vs. 4,736 expected) occurred 1
      or more years after treatment. Large radiation doses experienced by 82,616 women
      did not dramatically alter their risk of developing a second cancer; at most,
      about 162 of 3,324 second cancers (approximately equal to 5%) could be attributed
      to radiation. The relative risk (RR = 1.1) for developing cancer in organs close
      to the cervix that had received high radiation exposures--most notably, the
      bladder, rectum, uterine corpus, ovary, small intestine, bone, and connective
      tissue--and for developing multiple myeloma increased with time since treatment.
      No similar increase was seen for 99,424 women not treated with radiation. Only a
      slight excess of acute and non-lymphocytic leukemia was found among irradiated
      women (RR = 1.3), and substantially fewer cases were observed than expected on
      the basis of current radiation risk estimates. The small risk of leukemia may be
      associated with low doses of radiation absorbed by the bone marrow outside the
      pelvis, inasmuch as the marrow in the pelvis may have been destroyed or rendered
      inactive by very large radiotherapy exposures. There was little evidence of a
      radiation effect for cancers of the stomach, colon, liver, and gallbladder, for
      melanoma and other skin cancers, or for chronic lymphocytic leukemia despite
      substantial exposures. An excess of thyroid cancer possibly was related to the
      low dose received by this organ. Ovarian damage caused by radiation may have been
      responsible for a low breast cancer risk (RR = 0.7), which was evident even among
      postmenopausal women. A substantial excess of lung cancer (RR = 3.7) largely may
      be due to misclassification of metastases and the confounding influence of
      cigarette smoking. Women who were under 30 or over 50 years of age when
      irradiated were at greatest absolute risk for developing a second cancer. The RR,
      however, was higher among those under age 30 years at exposure (RR = 3.9) than
      among older women. The expression period for radiation-induced solid tumors
      appeared to continue to the end of life.

PMID- 3858585
TI  - Cutaneous malignant melanoma in association with other skin cancers.
AB  - A case-control study of 232 cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma and 232 matched
      controls was performed to assess the association of the disease with nonmelanotic
      skin tumors--basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and solar
      keratoses. There was a fourfold increase in risk of melanoma of all types when
      actinic tumors were present on the face. The risk was not restricted to the
      lentigo malignant melanoma class as might be expected but was significantly
      raised for superficial spreading melanoma and nodular melanoma as well (relative
      risk, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-7.2). This relationship with lesions
      known to be associated with high-dose solar UV irradiation was supported by
      quantitative evidence that heavy sun exposure was associated with an increased
      risk of malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3858586
TI  - Influence of estrogen administration on tumor characteristics and survival in
      women with cutaneous melanoma.
AB  - A prospective study on 289 women with clinical stage I cutaneous melanoma was
      done to determine the relationship between estrogen administration, tumor
      characteristics, and survival. Eighty-two women took oral contraceptives (OC) and
      44 took menopausal estrogens (MPE) prior to the diagnosis of melanoma. Users of
      OC presented with thinner primary tumors than nonusers of OC (P less than .01). A
      similar trend was observed in users of MPE. Women who used OC in the year prior
      to the diagnosis of melanoma had statistically thinner tumors than those who had
      discontinued use of OC more than 1 year prior to diagnosis (P less than .025). A
      statistically significant preponderance of truncal lesions was observed among
      users of OC (P less than .01). Other tumor characteristics were unaltered by
      estrogen administration. Duration of use and time in relation to diagnosis of
      melanoma did not affect survival. Women who took hormones had slightly better 5-
      and 9-year survival rates than nonusers. These results suggest that prior
      estrogen use and, particularly, use of OC in women developing melanoma have no
      deleterious effect.

PMID- 3858587
TI  - Benign breast disease and consumption of beverages containing methylxanthines.
AB  - The relationship between methylxanthine (Mx) consumption and benign breast
      disease was evaluated in a case-control study of 288 women with histologically
      confirmed benign breast lumps (203 dysplastic lesions and 85 benign tumors) and 2
      groups of control women--285 patients in the hospital for acute conditions
      apparently unrelated to the consumption of Mx-containing beverages and 291
      outpatients. The relative risk estimates of dysplastic breast lesions
      (fibrocystic disease), with allowance for all identified potential distorting
      factors, for women who drank 1-2 or 3 or more cups of coffee per day were 4.1 and
      6.4, respectively, when the hospital controls were the comparison group and 2.0
      and 3.7, respectively, when the outpatient controls were the comparison group.
      The relationship was even stronger when the total consumption of Mx-containing
      beverages (coffee plus tea) was considered and increased with increasing duration
      of use. The association was not explained by any of the major risk factors for
      fibrocystic breast diseases or by differences in general characteristics or other
      lifestyle habits between cases and controls. Mx consumption was not related to
      the risk of benign breast tumors (fibroadenomas). These findings support the
      hypothesis that Mx consumption is related to the risk of dysplastic lesions of
      the breast.

PMID- 3858588
TI  - Age at first pregnancy and risk of colorectal cancer: a case-control study.
AB  - Results from a case-control study of colorectal cancer conducted in Toronto and
      Calgary, Canada, are reported with respect to pregnancy-related variables. A
      total of 158 female "ever-married" colon cancer cases, 71 rectum cancer cases,
      242 neighborhood controls, and 257 hospital controls were interviewed to obtain a
      complete pregnancy history. The results indicate a strong protective effect of
      early age at first pregnancy for both colon and rectum cancers, with little or no
      effect noted for the total number of pregnancies. There is a suggestion that age
      at first pregnancy may have a greater effect on right colon cancer than on left
      colon cancer. In addition, there also is a suggestion that non-live-birth
      outcomes may be a risk factor for both colon and rectum cancer. The similarity of
      these results to those of other studies on large bowel cancer and on breast
      cancer support the hypothesis that carcinogenesis in the large bowel may be at
      least partly mediated by female sex hormones.

PMID- 3858589
TI  - Lung cancer and use of cigarettes: a French case-control study.
AB  - A case-control study of 1,625 cases and 3,091 controls was conducted in France
      from 1976 to 1980 to compare the effects of different smoking habits, especially
      the use of filter cigarettes, tobacco types (light or dark), and the use of hand
      rolled or manufactured cigarettes on the occurrence of lung cancer. All cases had
      histologically confirmed lung cancer; the controls were matched by sex, age,
      hospital of admission, and interviewer. The reported results concern only male
      nonsmokers and males who smoked (or had smoked) cigarettes exclusively, i.e., a
      total of 1,217 Kreyberg I and Kreyberg II cancer cases and 1,915 controls.
      Cigarette smoking was associated with both Kreyberg I and Kreyberg II cell
      categories although with different relative risks (RR) (17.2 and 3.6, resp.).
      Within the Kreyberg I category, RR were significantly increased (P less than
      .0001) with certain indices of duration and intensity of cigarette exposure, such
      as early age at first cigarette smoked, daily consumption, depth of inhalation,
      and duration of smoking. A significant difference in risk was found within the
      Kreyberg I category for nonfilter versus filter cigarette smokers (RR = 18.1 and
      10.9, resp.) and dark versus light tobacco smokers (RR = 18.1 and 4.9, resp.) but
      not for hand-rolled versus manufactured cigarette smokers (RR = 19.8 and 16.0,
      resp.). When all the covariates were taken into account in a matched logistic
      regression, lung cancer risks for nonfilter versus filter cigarette smokers was
      RR = 1.23, for hand-rolled versus manufactured cigarette users RR = 1.22, and for
      dark versus light tobacco users RR = 1.94.

PMID- 3858590
TI  - Thyroid tumors following thymus irradiation.
AB  - About 2,650 persons who received X-ray treatment for purported enlarged thymuses
      in infancy and 4,800 sibling controls have been followed by mail questionnaire
      for an average of 29 years to observe their incidence of thyroid tumors. The
      follow-up rate in the latest survey was 88% in both groups. The radiation doses
      to the thyroid gland ranged from 5 to over 1,000 rad, with 62% receiving less
      than 50 rad. To date 30 thyroid cancers and 59 benign thyroid adenomas have been
      detected in the irradiated group, as compared with 1 thyroid cancer and 8
      adenomas in the control group. The relative risks in the irradiated group were
      about 45 for thyroid cancer and 15 for benign thyroid adenomas. The dose-response
      curve for thyroid cancer was essentially linear, although a linear-quadratic
      curve could not be ruled out. For thyroid adenomas the risk per rad was somewhat
      greater at lower doses than at high doses. For both thyroid cancers and adenomas
      the absolute excess risk per rad was two to three times as great in females as
      males. Within the limitations imposed by the treatment regimens and the sample
      size, there was no indication of a "sparing" effect due to dose fractionation for
      either thyroid cancers or adenomas. There was an excess risk for both malignant
      and benign thyroid tumors for at least 40 years post irradiation. For thyroid
      cancer the radiogenic risk appeared to be additive with respect to time, rather
      than the age-specific natural rates of cancer being multiplied.

PMID- 3858591
TI  - In vitro peripheral monocyte culture: possible use as a prognostic indicator for
      renal cell carcinoma patients.
AB  - An in vitro assay was applied to follow 39 patients with renal cell carcinoma. A
      mononuclear cell-rich fraction was cultured from peripheral blood of patients
      over a period of 7 days. The number of adherent matured monocytes (macrophages)
      was analyzed and quantitated at the end of the culture period. Functional
      activities were analyzed by antibody-coated sheep red blood cells and nonspecific
      esterase staining techniques. Macrophage yield in patients with detectable tumor
      burden was 2.06 +/- 2.81 X 10(4) cells/ml blood, and mean values at 3, 6, and 9
      months post nephrectomy were 3.67 (n = 21), 6.73 (n = 12), and 9.41 (n = 10) X
      10(4) cells/ml blood, respectively. Some of the patients were followed over 30
      months. The improvement was significant, and macrophage yield was close to normal
      values (8.24 +/- 3.14 X 10(4) cells/ml). In the absence of other reliable in
      vitro assays for these patients, this assay appears to be highly useful in
      following these patients during the postsurgical period.

PMID- 3858592
TI  - Cutaneous malignant melanoma and fluorescent lighting.
AB  - A population-based case-control study of cutaneous malignant melanoma occurring
      during 1980-81 was conducted in Perth, Western Australia. Three hundred and
      thirty-seven cases and 349 matched controls were reinterviewed in 1983 with
      regard to their fluorescent light exposure. The incidence rate of all melanomas
      was not associated with rate of exposure or cumulative exposure to all
      fluorescent lights or just those without diffusers. Separate analyses by
      histogenetic type and, where possible, body site of melanoma showed, in most
      instances, no consistent association between incidence rate of melanoma and
      exposure to fluorescent lights without diffusers. Incidence of melanomas of
      unclassifiable histogenetic type, however, increased with increasing duration of
      exposure (P-value for trend .02). This association was weaker and the P-value
      higher (.11) when exposure was considered only in residential rooms and offices,
      where light fittings are closest to the subject. Adjustment for the effects of
      total and intermittent sun exposure on melanoma rates did not alter the above
      trends appreciably.

PMID- 3858593
TI  - Epidemiology of breast cancer in a Mexican-American population.
AB  - This is a historical cohort study of breast cancer mortality in the Mexican
      American community of Laredo, Texas. Included in this study were virtually all
      breast cancer deaths recorded in Laredo since 1875; controls matched to cases by
      age and birth year were drawn from the total population. Fertility history and
      family history of disease for cases and controls were retrieved from the
      genealogical data base reconstructed by our group from church and civil records
      for the whole city of Laredo. The findings of this study show an association
      between breast cancer risk and age at first birth. This study confirms familial
      risk to be a factor in breast cancer risk. Unlike postmenopausal breast cancer
      mortality in the total U.S. population, which has increased only slightly in the
      last 30-40 years, postmenopausal breast cancer death rates in Laredo have almost
      tripled since the 1940's.

PMID- 3858594
TI  - Underground mining, smoking, and lung cancer: a case-control study in the iron
      ore municipalities in northern Sweden.
AB  - A case-control study of lung cancer in males was performed in two municipalities
      in northern Sweden with large iron ore mines. Previous studies had revealed an
      increased lung cancer risk for underground workers in these mines, with all
      probability related to radon daughter exposure. Data concerning underground
      mining and smoking were obtained from questionnaires. All analyses suggested an
      interaction of a multiplicative type between underground mining and smoking in
      the causation of lung cancer in this population. The calculated population
      etiologic fraction was about 45% for underground mining and about 80% for
      smoking.

PMID- 3858595
TI  - Relationship between thiol depletion and chemosensitization in a transplantable
      murine bladder tumor.
AB  - The effect of pretreating the C3H/He mouse MBT-2 tumor with diethyl maleate
      (DEM), buthionine-S R-sulfoximine (BSO), or misonidazole (MISO) before
      administration of cyclophosphamide (CTX) was studied with the use of tumor volume
      doubling time delay as an endpoint. The kinetics of glutathione (GSH) depletion
      and regeneration in the tumor and in the host liver were determined after
      treatment with the thiol-depleting agents. CTX was administered at appropriate
      time points. MISO was the most effective chemosensitizer at a time point at which
      tumor GSH content was 80-85% of the control value. Both BSO and DEM were
      chemosensitizers in relation to the degree they had reduced tumor GSH levels.
      This chemosensitization was significant at 50% GSH reduction. By combining MISO
      and BSO at doses lower than previously used for each agent alone, highly
      effective sensitization of subsequent CTX was obtained.

PMID- 3858596
TI  - Effect of castration and 17 beta-estradiol pulse on cell proliferation in the
      uterus and the MXT mouse mammary tumor.
AB  - The effects of a single 17 beta-estradiol (E2) injection on cell proliferation
      were studied in 3 groups of 30 mice transplanted with the MXT ovary-dependent
      mammary tumor. In group A, all animals were castrated prior to tumor
      implantation; groups B and C had intact ovaries at the time of transplantation,
      but group B was left intact throughout the experiment, while group C underwent
      castration 4 weeks later. On day 40 in groups B and C and on day 80 in group A,
      in which tumor development was significantly delayed, the same procedure for
      testing the effects of E2 was applied: Ten controls received 0.1 ml saline ip and
      were killed on the next day; 4 lots of 5 mice received 0.25 micrograms E2 ip and
      were killed one by one at 12-hour intervals. Exactly 1 hour prior to sacrifice,
      each animal received 25 microCi [methyl-3H]thymidine ip. Histologic sections of
      tumors and uteri were processed for autoradiography, and nuclear thymidine (dThd)
      labeling indices (LI) were determined. All tumors of group A grafted under
      unfavorable hormonal conditions were poorly differentiated, and E2 injection
      induced no appreciable changes in their dThd LI. Tumors B and C were well
      differentiated adenocarcinomas, in which E2 induced significant modifications of
      cell proliferation. In group B, complex changes in dThd LI occurred in tumors as
      well as in uteri, probably due to interferences with the ovarian hormonal
      production. In group C, E2 produced a marked rise in dThd LI in tumors, lasting
      from the 12th to the 36th hour after its injection. Stimulation was maximum at
      the 24th hour, representing a 2.8-fold increase over mean basal dThd LI. It is
      concluded that the presence of an intact ovarian function at the time of
      transplantation is critical for maintaining the properties of hormone dependence
      in MXT tumors. In mice castrated after tumor implantation, a single E2 injection
      induces a marked and partially synchronous proliferation of neoplastic cells. The
      hypothesis that such hormonal manipulation might amplify the killing effect of
      cell cycle- or phase-specific cytotoxic drugs could be adequately tested with
      this model.

PMID- 3858597
TI  - Test of catechol, tannic acid, Bidens pilosa, croton oil, and phorbol for
      cocarcinogenesis of esophageal tumors induced in rats by methyl-n
      amylnitrosamine.
AB  - Catechol (CAS: 120-80-9), given in drinking water to rats, was the most effective
      of 5 phenols in enhancing [3H]thymidine incorporation [( 3H]dThd-l) into
      esophageal DNA. To test for esophageal cocarcinogenesis, groups of 30 male MRC
      Wistar rats received 3 weekly ip injections of 25 mg methyl-n-amylnitrosamine
      [(MNAN) CAS: 13256-07-0]/kg. From the time of the first MNAN injection, each
      group also received catechol, tannic acid (CAS: 1401-55-4), dried leaves of
      Bidens pilosa L., or croton oil (CAS: 8001-28-3) (respectively, 2, 10, 50, and 2
      g/kg semipurified diet), or were given 20 ip injections of 6 mg phorbol (CAS:
      17673-25-5)/rat. The rats were killed after 20-45, 46-52, or 53-72 weeks
      (subgroups A, B, and C). In the group given MNAN alone, most esophageal
      papillomas developed during the first 45 weeks. Both catechol and B. pilosa
      significantly increased the esophageal papilloma multiplicity (No. of
      papillomas/rat) induced by MNAN, with a maximum tumor yield of 2.2 times that in
      the corresponding subgroup treated with MNAN alone. Papilloma multiplicity
      increased from subgroup A to subgroup C in the MNAN plus B. pilosa group but not
      in the MNAN plus catechol group. No tumors were induced by the test cocarcinogens
      given without MNAN. We concluded that a) an increased esophageal [3H]dThd-I
      indicates potential cocarcinogenicity and b) catechol and B. pilosa were weak
      esophageal cocarcinogens. These results support the view that catechol in
      cigarette smoke and B. pilosa as eaten in South Africa contribute to the etiology
      of human esophageal cancer.

PMID- 3858598
TI  - Effect of dietary fat on growth kinetics of transplantable mammary adenocarcinoma
      in BALB/c mice.
AB  - The growth of mammary adenocarcinomas in BALB/c mice fed a diet containing 10%
      corn oil (CO), which has about 60% of its fatty acids as linoleate, was
      significantly greater than that for tumors in mice fed diets containing either
      10% hydrogenated cottonseed oil (HCTO), which has no linoleate, or 10% CO plus
      0.003% indomethacin (IM). The proportion of the tumor occupied by the various
      cell types was quantitated from histologic sections for 2 different mammary
      adenocarcinomas. At 2 weeks post implantation the degree of inflammatory cell
      (IC) infiltration of the first adenocarcinoma (tumor IX) did not account for the
      difference in tumor mass induced by dietary fat. This conclusion was confirmed by
      a study of a group of tumors arising from hyperplastic alveolar nodule
      transplants, which showed a similar dietary response but in which IC infiltration
      was minimal even in the largest tumors. Cell cycle parameters of tumor IX were
      determined by the fraction-of-labeled-mitoses (FLM) procedure. No differences
      were found in the duration of the G1, S, G2, or M phases of the cell cycle or the
      total cell cycle time in neoplasms from the CO and HCTO diet groups. The fraction
      of tumor cells dividing in neoplasms from the 2 diet groups was also identical.
      The only parameter that was significantly different was the rate of tumor cell
      loss when determined by both indirect (FLM) and direct [( 125I]iododeoxyuridine)
      methods. Tumor cell loss for adenocarcinomas from mice fed HCTO or CO plus IM was
      approximately twice that obtained for tumors from the CO-fed mice. These
      observations on tumor cell loss were discussed in terms of: the influence of
      dietary linoleate on the size of mammary tumors and the involvement of
      prostaglandins in this process.

PMID- 3858599
TI  - Inhibition by 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole of hepatic tumorigenesis induced by
      diethylstilbestrol alone or combined with N-nitrosobutylurea in WF rats.
AB  - Six groups of inbred male WF rats were castrated at 40 days of age. Group 1 was
      given no further treatment; groups 3-6 received sc implantations of 5.0 mg
      diethylstilbestrol [(DES) CAS: 56-53-1]. At 50-55 days of age, groups 5 and 6
      were given drinking water containing 5.0 mg N-nitrosobutylurea [(NBU) CAS: 869-01
      2] per day for 30 days. After the termination of NBU treatment, groups 2, 4, and
      6 were given 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole (AT), considered an inhibitor of
      hydroperoxidases, in the drinking water throughout the experiment. Castrated male
      rats or rats castrated and treated with AT alone developed neither hepatic tumors
      nor pituitary tumors. The hepatic tumor incidence, the size and total number of
      hepatic tumors, and the mean liver weight were significantly reduced in rats
      given the DES-NBU combination and slightly reduced in rats given DES alone when
      AT was administered. In contrast, AT treatment did not change the pituitary tumor
      incidence and the mean pituitary weight. The thyroid gland weights were
      approximately 7-44 times greater in AT-treated groups than those in each
      corresponding control group. These data indicate that AT inhibited hepatic but
      not pituitary tumorigenesis and caused enlargement of the thyroid gland. The
      present study, therefore, provides evidence that the metabolic activation of DES
      by oxidation is involved in rat liver carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3858600
TI  - Enhancement of epidermal carcinoma formation by prolactin in mice.
AB  - Long-term administration of prolactin (PRL) markedly enhanced the induction of
      epidermal squamous cell carcinomas by a chemical carcinogen, 3-methylcholanthrene
      [(MCA) CAS: 56-49-5], in Swiss male albino mice. DNA radioactivity and
      quantitative estimation of autoradiographs with the use of [3H]thymidine revealed
      a significant increase in DNA content (twofold) and in the percentage of labeled
      neoplastic nuclei in mice treated with PRL plus MCA (48.50%) as compared to that
      in mice treated with MCA alone (23.50%). Ultrastructural and cytologic studies
      revealed the predominance of a trabecular-hepatoid type of epidermal carcinoma
      with advanced nuclear irregularities, glycogen granules, mirror-image cells, and
      phagolysosomes in PRL-MCA-treated carcinomas as compared to characteristic
      squamous neoplastic cells with enlarged nuclei, tonofilaments, and keratin
      formation in epidermal carcinomas following treatment with MCA alone. Scanning
      electron microscopy revealed the predominance of rounded cells covered by
      numerous thick microvilli and blebs with an intense stromal reaction following
      PRL-MCA administration as compared to characteristic polyhedral cells covered by
      small microvilli following treatment with MCA alone. These findings demonstrate
      that PRL is an important hormone in epidermal neoplastic cell growth and
      differentiation.

PMID- 3858601
TI  - Tumorigenic effects of direct- and indirect-acting chemical carcinogens in rats
      on a restricted diet.
AB  - The influence of diet restriction on induction of intestinal tumors in Sprague
      Dawley rats by two unique carcinogenic agents was investigated:
      methylazoxymethanol acetate [(MAM) CAS: 592-62-1], which requires metabolic
      activation, and N-methylnitrosourea [(MNU) CAS: 684-93-5], which is a direct
      acting carcinogen. Most of the tumors induced by MAM developed in the small
      intestine and less frequently in the colon, but MNU produced tumors predominantly
      in the colon. Among rats fed the restricted diet (12 g/day), the production of
      tumors by MAM was significantly reduced compared to that of counterpart rats on
      the ad libitum diet. However, dietary restriction did not modify the production
      of tumors in rats by MNU. The same relationship of diet restriction to tumor
      induction was demonstrable when MAM and MNU were administered to the same test
      rats: Numbers of MAM-related tumors, especially in the small intestine, were
      reduced and numbers of MNU-related tumors in the colon were unchanged. Dietary
      restriction modified the tumorigenic response of rats to MAM but not to MNU.

PMID- 3858602
TI  - Age at first birth and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.

PMID- 3858603
TI  - Dentistry's dilemma.

PMID- 3858604
TI  - Studies on microheterogeneity of intracellular transcobalamins of blood cells in
      special reference to leukemia.

PMID- 3858605
TI  - 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in leiomyoma and myometrium and its
      relationship to concentrations of oestrone, oestradiol and progesterone
      throughout the menstrual cycle.
AB  - The activity of the enzyme 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-OHSD)
      and concentrations of oestrone (E1), oestradiol (E2) and progesterone have been
      measured in leiomyoma and myometrium obtained at different stages of the
      menstrual cycle. Apart from conversion of E2 to E1 in the proliferative phase, no
      significant difference in enzyme activity was noted between normal and tumour
      tissue. However, interconversion in both tissues was shown to be higher in the
      secretory than the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. E1 concentrations
      were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in leiomyoma than in myometrium,
      obtained during the proliferative phase. Concentrations of both oestrogens, in
      some tumour and normal tissues, were higher in the proliferative than the
      secretory phase. Secretory phase tissues contained higher concentrations of
      progesterone than those obtained in the proliferative phase of the menstrual
      cycle. Considerable differences in both enzyme activity and steroid
      concentrations were noted in different areas of the same tumour.

PMID- 3858606
TI  - Metabolism of androgens in the seminal vesicles and the different lobes of the
      prostate in young mature rats.
AB  - Oxidation and reduction of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (androstenedione), 17 beta
      hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one (testosterone), 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one
      (DHT), 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (3 alpha-A'diol) and 5 alpha
      androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol (3 beta-A'diol) were measured in homogenates from
      ventral (VP), dorsal (DP) and lateral prostate (LP), the coagulating gland (CG)
      and seminal vesicle (SV) of the intact sexually mature rat using NAD(H) or
      NADP(H) as cofactors. The specific activity of the various enzymes varied
      significantly between the different organs. 5 alpha-Reductase activity was
      highest in the DP and the CG, and undetectable in the LP. 17 beta-Hydroxysteroid
      oxidoreductase (17 beta-HSOR) activity was mainly confined to the LP. 3 alpha
      Hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (3 alpha-HSOR) activity was also highest in the LP.
      In the VP the highest 3 alpha-HSOR activity was recorded using NAD(H) as
      cofactor. In the other organs, similar or higher enzymatic activities were
      measured using NADP(H) as added cofactor. 3 beta-Hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (3
      beta-HSOR) activity was high in the LP and low or undetectable in the other
      tissues. Our results indicate that isoenzymes of 3 alpha-HSOR, 3 beta-HSOR and 17
      beta-HSOR are present in the accessory sex organs of the rat.

PMID- 3858607
TI  - Age dependent changes in androgen metabolism in the rat prostate.
AB  - Oxidation and reduction of androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone
      (DHT), 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17
      beta-diol (3 alpha- and 3 beta-A'diol) were measured in homogenates from the
      ventral prostate (VP), dorsal prostate (DP), lateral prostate (LP), the
      coagulating gland (CG) and seminal vesicles (SV) in intact rats of different ages
      from young mature (3-6 months) to senescent rats (20-30 months). Some very old
      intact rats (30-32 months) were treated with testosterone in order to rule out
      the effect of this hormone on androgen metabolism. The enzymatic activities for
      young mature rats were significantly altered by increasing age, both with regard
      to differences between the various organs as well as differences in cofactor
      requirement. With increasing age, the specific activity of most enzymes gradually
      decreased. With testosterone as substrate, 5 alpha-reductase activity was
      significantly reduced in the old rats in all tissues studied and was undetectable
      in the oldest animals in the VP and the SV. On the other hand, 5 alpha-reductase
      could not be recorded in any tissue in any tissue in old rats when
      androstenedione was the substrate. 3 alpha-Hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (3 alpha
      HSOR) in the VP was the only enzyme which did not decrease in activity by
      increasing age. In the other lobes this enzyme activity decreased similar to 3
      beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (3 beta-HSOR) and the 17 beta-hydroxysteroid
      oxidoreductase (17 beta-HSOR) activity. Administration of testosterone to old
      rats increased the specific activity of most of the enzymes studied.

PMID- 3858608
TI  - A new dihydrotestosterone-forming index (DHTi).
AB  - A new index (DHTi) for the net formation of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in a
      specific tissue is presented. This index is based on the main metabolic pathways
      forming DHT as well as on the main enzymatic activities removing DHT from the
      tissue. In the rat prostate, the DHTi is different in the various prostatic
      lobes. The index is highest in the ventral prostatic lobe, intermediate in the
      dorsal prostate and coagulating gland, and very low or undetectable in the
      seminal vesicles and the lateral prostatic lobe. With increasing age of the rats,
      the DHTi decreased. Testosterone treatment to old rats leads to an increased
      index.

PMID- 3858610
TI  - The role of platelet-derived growth factor on human pluripotent progenitor (CFU
      GEMM) growth in vitro.
AB  - The effect of serum on the proliferation of human bone marrow pluripotent
      progenitor cells (CFU-GEMM), was compared to that of fresh frozen plasma (FFP).
      Serum significantly increased the number of mixed erythroid-granulocytic
      megakaryocytic colonies (CFU-GEMM) and erythrocytic bursts (BFU-E) in this assay
      system (p less than 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). Two possible explanations for
      this finding were considered: first the presence of citrate-phosphate-dextrose
      (CPD) in plasma but not in serum, and second the presence of platelet-derived
      growth factor (PDGF) in serum but not in plasma. CPD was indeed found to have an
      inhibitory effect on growth of colonies of all types when added to serum
      stimulated cultures. Nevertheless, when heparinized plasma was compared to serum
      from the same donors, growth of CFU-GEMM and BFU-E was higher in the serum
      stimulated cultures (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively). PDGF
      at concentrations of 120-240 pM was found to enhance the formation of CFU-GEMM
      and BFU-E by three- and four-fold respectively when added to cultures containing
      FFP but not when added to cultures containing serum derived from whole blood
      (WBS). Purified PDGF added at the same concentrations, to cultures containing
      platelet-poor derived serum (PDS), promoted similar increases in growth of CFU
      GEMM and BFU-E but not of granulocytic-macrophage or megakaryocytic colonies.
      Whether PDGF has a direct action on CFU-GEMM or its growth promoting activity is
      via an interacting cell population is currently being studied.

PMID- 3858609
TI  - A new leukemia cell line with Philadelphia chromosome characterized as basophil
      precursors.
AB  - A new myeloid cell line (KU812) was established from a patient with blastic
      crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. His blasts were morphologically
      characteristic of immature basophils and basophil colonies were grown in agar
      culture of the blood mononuclear cells. Suspension culture of his blood cells was
      continued for more than 2.5 years. The KU812 cells morphologically showed a fine
      reticular nuclei with nucleoli, and some of them contained metachromatic granules
      with toluidine blue (TB) staining. These granules were positive for astra blue
      (AB) staining. Immunological marker studies revealed that there were no lymphoid
      characters except Fc receptors. The KU812 cells grew colonies in in vitro agar
      cultures, which were proved to be composed of basophils by TB staining and AB
      staining. Cytogenetical analysis showed marked aneuploidy and was positive for
      the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1). The cell lysate was proved to contain
      histamine. These data suggest that KU812 is a cell line from leukemic basophil
      precursors. This is the first human basophil cell line, and KU812 will be useful
      in clarifying the mechanism of basophilic differentiation of the stem cells.

PMID- 3858611
TI  - Acute erythroblastic leukemia presenting as acute undifferentiated leukemia: a
      report of two cases with ultrastructural features.
AB  - This report describes two elderly patients with acute leukemia in which blast
      cells were undifferentiated with conventional light microscopy (L.M.) and
      cytochemistry. Blast cells were identified as belonging to the erythroblastic
      line by their ultrastructural features: glycogen deposits, lipidic vacuoles,
      cytoplasmic ferritin molecules and rhopheocytotic invagination. Moreover, blast
      cells were surrounding a central macrophage. Thus, these two patients had acute
      erythroblastic leukemia which differs from erythroleukemia (M6 of FAB
      classification) in which blast cells present myeloblastic characteristics.

PMID- 3858612
TI  - Inhibition of proliferation and differentiation of mouse erythroleukemia cells by
      hydroxamic acids.
AB  - The effect of several hydroxamic acids on cell growth and differentiation was
      studied in vitro in cultures of Friend erythroleukemia cells, line F4-6. Terminal
      differentiation in F4-6 cells can be induced by exposure to a variety of
      structurally unrelated compounds or to conditions which inhibit cell growth.
      Hydroxamic acids do not induce erythroid differentiation but interfere with both
      cell growth of F4-6 cells and the induction of differentiation by DMSO in these
      cells. DMSO-induced terminal differentiation is inhibited even when F4-6 cells
      are pretreated for 24 h with hydroxamates followed by removal of the hydroxamates
      and transfer to fresh medium containing 1% DMSO. Reduction of cell growth by
      hydroxamates is completely and immediately reversible upon removal. In contrast,
      the inhibition of DMSO inducibility is not reversible within 24 h. Cell
      pretreated with hydroxamates for 24 h prior to a 96 h-exposure to DMSO show the
      same reduction in synthesis of hemoglobin as cells simultaneously exposed to DMSO
      and hydroxamates.

PMID- 3858613
TI  - Regeneration of membrane sialic acid after neuraminidase treatment of leukemic
      granulocytes.
AB  - Granulocytes from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) were studied
      for their ability to regenerate surface sialic acid following treatment with
      Vibrio cholera neuraminidase (VCN) in vitro. Immediately after neuraminidase
      treatment, CML and normal granulocytes showed similar incorporation of
      radioactivity after surface labelling with sodium periodate/potassium-H3
      borohydride (PI/BH3(4)). CML granulocytes treated with neuraminidase then
      incubated for 18 h in nutrient medium showed strikingly increased PI/BH3(4)
      labelling, usually greater than initial pretreatment values, consistent with a
      rapid reappearance of sialic acid in the cell membrane. This pattern was not seen
      in normal granulocytes. The aberrant regeneration of sialic acid in CML
      granulocytes in vitro could be inhibited by addition of 3 X 10(-6) M retinoic
      acid, suggesting either a direct effect on membrane glycoconjugate synthesis or
      an association with granulocyte differentiation.

PMID- 3858614
TI  - How a computer can help you get more customers.

PMID- 3858615
TI  - Want to maximize your efficiency? Computerize!

PMID- 3858616
TI  - LMT's guide to computer systems.

PMID- 3858617
TI  - Changing dental practices: how they affect us.

PMID- 3858618
TI  - Population statistics: our guide to the future.

PMID- 3858619
TI  - Which to use, stain or modifier?

PMID- 3858620
TI  - Porcelain under control: how problems are eliminated.

PMID- 3858621
TI  - Doing sales 'right'.

PMID- 3858622
TI  - How to compare job applicants and pick a winner.

PMID- 3858624
TI  - Buyer's guide to articulators.

PMID- 3858623
TI  - Phone personality: telemarketing's tool.

PMID- 3858625
TI  - How to target a market area.

PMID- 3858626
TI  - LMT's bi-annual pricing survey.

PMID- 3858627
TI  - The dental lab and the future. Licensure: not why, but how.

PMID- 3858629
TI  - What makes someone a good manager?

PMID- 3858628
TI  - The dental lab and the future. Changing certification regulations: how price
      structures would improve.

PMID- 3858630
TI  - Are you working your way to success...or to heart failure?

PMID- 3858631
TI  - Brain catecholamine alterations accompanying development of anorexia in rats
      bearing the Walker 256 carcinoma.
AB  - In the present study, the relationship between central catecholamine levels and
      the anorexia induced by Walker 256 carcinoma was investigated. Results indicate
      that the anorexia is not due to depletion of central catecholamines. Tumor
      bearing rats sacrificed at night, when spontaneous food intake is selectively
      depressed, showed increased norepinephrine levels in the hypothalamus, cortex and
      hippocampus and increased dopamine levels in the striatum, midbrain, and cortex.
      Increased nighttime hypothalamic norepinephrine levels were positively correlated
      with the magnitude of spontaneous food intake in tumor rats.

PMID- 3858632
TI  - Molecular evidence for partial inactivation of Y loops in T(X:Y)56 males from D.
      hydei.
AB  - Using loop-specific DNA clones, we established that the T(X:Y)56 (Hackstein and
      Hennig 1982) chromosome, formerly thought to be deleted for the Yshort arm and
      the associated 'nooses' loops is actually an XYS X YL combination. It carries,
      adjacent to the translocation junction, the complete and uninterrupted set of the
      two dysfunctional 'nooses' domains. The morphologically altered and functionally
      defective loops are transcribed at about 50% of the normal rate. Transcripts in
      one of the two 'nooses' domains are preferentially underrepresented and their
      distribution in the spermatocyte nucleus is distorted, presumably as a
      consequence of a spreading effect. No alteration in transcript size or in the
      correct strand selection, and no variegation of transcription on the single
      spermatocyte level, were observed. In another translocation T(X:Y)97, in which
      'tubular ribbons' were reported to be inactivated (Hess 1970), complete
      elimination of DNA sequences is observed. A possible mechanism for the position
      effect inactivation of Y loops in X:Y translocations is discussed briefly.

PMID- 3858633
TI  - [Variations in salivary and blood transaminases, electrolytes and LDH in
      cardiopathy patients].

PMID- 3858635
TI  - [Clinico-statistical and therapeutic observations on 196 cases of impacted lower
      third molars].

PMID- 3858634
TI  - [Sjogren's syndrome: new research aspects. III. Diagnostic update].

PMID- 3858636
TI  - [Aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus].

PMID- 3858637
TI  - [Incidence of dental caries in diabetics. A clinico-statistical report on 420
      outpatients].

PMID- 3858638
TI  - [Tooth gemination. Clinical contribution].

PMID- 3858639
TI  - [Salivary test of the insulin-dependent diabetic patient in childhood].

PMID- 3858641
TI  - [Mesenchymal type of chondrosarcoma of the jaws].

PMID- 3858640
TI  - [Solitary plasmacytoma of the jaws. A case report of mandibular localization].

PMID- 3858642
TI  - [Osteomas of the mandibular condyle. A case report of particular surgical
      interest].

PMID- 3858643
TI  - [Serial analysis of the polishing capacity of 3 spherical amalgams in 1 visit].

PMID- 3858645
TI  - [Comparative morphological analysis of different types of extrahard plasters
      examined by scanning electron microscopy].

PMID- 3858644
TI  - [Detergents for dental waxes: an evaluation based on experimental data].

PMID- 3858646
TI  - [Use of 6-methylprednisolone in maxillofacial surgery].

PMID- 3858647
TI  - [New means of prophylaxis and polishing. Ultrastructural analysis of the enamel
      surface].

PMID- 3858649
TI  - [Enamel projections in human molars. Their incidence and distribution].

PMID- 3858648
TI  - [Humoral immunity at the serum and saliva levels in periodontopathies].

PMID- 3858650
TI  - [Presence of accessory foramina in permanent molars].

PMID- 3858651
TI  - [Causes of pulp degeneration].

PMID- 3858652
TI  - [A case of applying biofeedback in dentistry].

PMID- 3858653
TI  - [Comparative test of different types of removable dentures by means of
      photoelastic reflection].

PMID- 3858654
TI  - [Pseudoankylosis of the temporomandibular joint due to fibrosis of the temporal
      muscle following craniotomy. A report of 2 cases].

PMID- 3858655
TI  - [Functional therapy of condylar fractures].

PMID- 3858656
TI  - [Clinical and therapeutic problems of fractures of the zygomatico-orbital malar
      complex].

PMID- 3858657
TI  - [Regeneration of the bony cavities remaining after interventions on the jaws for
      osteolytic areas. Our clinical experience].

PMID- 3858658
TI  - [Possibility for partial reconstruction of the mandibular bone].

PMID- 3858659
TI  - [Case of an orosinusal fistula with an outcome of particular surgical interest].

PMID- 3858660
TI  - [The last Yanomami: tobacco as an energy source and as a cariostatic].

PMID- 3858661
TI  - A successful plaque control program.

PMID- 3858662
TI  - Effects of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and phorbol ester on differentiation
      of human K562 erythroleukemia cells.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C)
      induces hemoglobin synthesis in human K562 erythroleukemia cells. The present
      study extends these findings by demonstrating that ara-C treatment of K562 cells
      results in both increased heme synthesis and accumulation of alpha-, gamma-,
      epsilon-, and zeta-globin RNA. The results also demonstrate that ara-C enhances
      K562 cell surface expression of glycophorin. Furthermore, we demonstrate that
      phorbol ester (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate; TPA) inhibits the effects of
      ara-C on heme production, accumulation of globin RNA, and glycophorin expression.
      The inhibitory effect occurs maximally when K562 cells are treated with TPA
      before undergoing ara-C-induced commitment to erythroid differentiation. These
      findings suggest that TPA inhibits an early step in the process required for ara
      C to enhance expression of genes involved in the erythroid program.

PMID- 3858663
TI  - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against prostaglandin E2: fine
      specificity and neutralization of biological effects.
AB  - The specificity and heterogeneity of the immune response of BALB/c mice immunized
      with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) coupled to thyroglobulin was studied. All the
      animals (n = 50) responded to PGB2, a transformation product of PGE2. However,
      following repeated injections most of the animals (n = 30) were also able to
      respond to PGE2. Cellular hybridizations were performed and five anti-PGE2
      monoclonal antibodies were isolated and analysed. They are mainly directed
      against the ring and the omega-chain of PGE2 but their specificity toward the
      alpha-chain is more limited. The association constants are greater than to 1 X
      10(9) M-1. The monoclonal antibody 8E.57.71 (Ka = 1.3 X 10(10) M-1) is
      particularly convenient for sensitive radioimmunoassays (detection limit 25pg/ml,
      when iodinated tracer is used). Anti-PGE2 monoclonal antibodies were found to
      neutralize the specific binding of [3H]PGE2 to rat brain hypothalamic receptors
      and to inhibit the PGE2 induction of rat fundus muscular contraction.

PMID- 3858664
TI  - [Sialic acid in human whole saliva. Reliability of assay methods and correlation
      with periodontal disease].

PMID- 3858665
TI  - [Clinical estimation using the stereograph with the chew-in method. 1. A new
      recording instrument for mandibular movement].

PMID- 3858666
TI  - [3 cases of duplication of the upper lateral incisor].

PMID- 3858667
TI  - [Characteristics of the timing pattern of occlusal sounds].

PMID- 3858668
TI  - The hyperlipidemia of the nephrotic syndrome. Relation to plasma albumin
      concentration, oncotic pressure, and viscosity.
AB  - Although hyperlipidemia is a common feature of the nephrotic syndrome, the
      distribution of cholesterol among the plasma lipoproteins and the mechanism of
      the enhanced hepatic synthesis of lipoprotein lipids are not well understood. We
      studied the distribution of cholesterol among the plasma lipoproteins, as well as
      the relation between total cholesterol and plasma albumin concentration, oncotic
      pressure, and viscosity in 20 consecutive adult patients with uncomplicated
      nephrotic syndrome. The total plasma cholesterol (mean +/- S.D., 302 +/- 100 mg
      per deciliter [7.8 +/- 2.6 mmol per liter]) and low-density-lipoprotein
      cholesterol concentrations (215 +/- 89 mg per deciliter [5.6 +/- 2.3 mmol per
      liter]) were elevated in most patients, but the high-density-lipoprotein
      cholesterol level was normal or low (46 +/- 18 mg per deciliter [1.2 +/- 0.5 mmol
      per liter]) in 95 per cent of the patients. Thus, many hypercholesterolemic
      patients with unremitting nephrotic syndrome may be at increased risk for
      atherosclerotic heart disease. A significant inverse correlation was found
      between the total plasma cholesterol concentration and both the plasma albumin
      concentration (r = -0.528) and the plasma oncotic pressure (r = -0.674), but not
      the plasma viscosity (r = +0.319). Enhanced hepatic synthesis of lipoprotein
      lipids may be stimulated by a decreased plasma albumin concentration or oncotic
      pressure but does not appear to be due to changes in plasma viscosity.

PMID- 3858669
TI  - HTLV-III antibody testing in sperm donors.

PMID- 3858671
TI  - Distinguishing the Philadelphia chromosome of acute lymphoblastic leukemia from
      its counterpart in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

PMID- 3858670
TI  - Prevalence of HTLV-III/LAV antibodies among Haitians.

PMID- 3858672
TI  - Does antibody screening of donors increase the risk of transfusion-associated
      AIDS?

PMID- 3858673
TI  - RAC stakes its claim.

PMID- 3858675
TI  - Type culture a source of gain.

PMID- 3858674
TI  - X-linkage of steroid sulphatase in the mouse is evidence for a functional Y
      linked allele.
AB  - In the human there is an X-linked gene affecting steroid sulphatase (STS)
      activity which, when deficient, is associated with X-linked congenital
      ichthyosis. The gene (STS) is located on the distal tip of the short arm and is
      only partially inactivated when it is on the inactive X-chromosome. In the mouse,
      the genetics of STS are not clear; the results of one study using XX:X0 oocyte
      comparisons indicated X-linkage, but three other studies using STS variants have
      produced segregation data compatible with autosomal linkage of murine STS. Here
      we present the results of STS assays of crosses of deficient C3H/An male mice to
      normal X0 animals which demonstrate X-linkage of STS in the mouse and indirectly
      indicate the existence of a functional STS allele on the Y-chromosome which
      undergoes obligatory recombination during meiosis with the X-linked allele.

PMID- 3858676
TI  - Developmental regulation of a cloned adult beta-globin gene in transgenic mice.
AB  - At different stages of mammalian development, distinct embryonic, fetal and adult
      haemoglobins are synthesized in erythroid cells, a process termed haemoglobin
      switching. The cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling haemoglobin
      switching have been intensively studied, but remain poorly understood. To study
      the developmental regulation of globin gene expression, we have produced
      transgenic mice in which cloned globin genes are present in erythroid cells
      throughout development. Recently, we reported that adult mice in several
      transgenic lines carrying a hybrid mouse/human adult beta-globin gene, expressed
      the gene in a correct tissue-specific manner. This finding raised the question of
      whether an exogenous globin gene could also be subject to appropriate stage
      specific regulation. We report here that the hybrid beta-globin gene, like the
      endogenous adult beta-globin genes, is inactive in yolk sac-derived embryonic
      erythroid cells and is expressed for the first time in fetal liver erythroid
      cells. Our results indicate that a stage-specific pattern of expression can be
      conferred by cis-acting regulatory elements closely linked to an adult beta
      globin gene. They also suggest that the embryonic and adult beta-globin genes in
      the mouse are activated (or repressed) by distinct trans-acting regulatory
      factors present in embryonic, fetal and adult erythroid cells.

PMID- 3858677
TI  - Protesting the proposed federal regulations for critically sick infants.

PMID- 3858678
TI  - Physicians' forum: medical direction and accountability for EMS advanced life
      support care in rural North Carolina.

PMID- 3858679
TI  - The impact of prospective payment for physician fees on medical specialists.

PMID- 3858680
TI  - The dark night of the soul--disulfiram toxicity.

PMID- 3858681
TI  - [Microbial aspects in the epidemiology of dental caries and periodontal disease].

PMID- 3858682
TI  - [Dental health of 6- and 12-year-old children in northeastern Friesland. Results
      of an epidemiologic caries survey in 1982 and comparison of data from surveys in
      1973, 1976 and 1979].

PMID- 3858683
TI  - [Efficiency of dental education].

PMID- 3858684
TI  - [Local fluoride application as a preventive measure in caries. History of studies
      on clinical application].

PMID- 3858685
TI  - [Allergy to nickel, cobalt and chromium: dermatological studies using skin
      tests].

PMID- 3858686
TI  - [Intra-oral injuries in children].

PMID- 3858687
TI  - [Calcifying odontogenic cyst. Review of 3 case reports].

PMID- 3858688
TI  - [Electronic canal length determination. A clinical evaluation of the Neosono].

PMID- 3858689
TI  - [Oral health. II. The development of an index for measuring the quality of
      restorative care in 15-year-old children].

PMID- 3858690
TI  - [Clinical experimental field studies of the caries-preventive effect of a
      fluoride lacquer].

PMID- 3858691
TI  - [The importance of standardized criteria in the evaluation of dental working
      models].

PMID- 3858692
TI  - [Indonesian gold fillings of the 15th century].

PMID- 3858693
TI  - [Oral health. III. Oral health of 15-year-olds in Amersfoort].

PMID- 3858694
TI  - [Reorganization studies. An effort to stimulate utilization of dental services].

PMID- 3858695
TI  - [Room for implants in the atrophic mandible? An anatomic study].

PMID- 3858696
TI  - [Evaluation of a new preliminary instruction program--a repeat study].

PMID- 3858697
TI  - [A method for relining dental prostheses and the simultaneous correction of the
      bite].

PMID- 3858698
TI  - [Oral hygiene in radiation patients. Evaluation of the effect of oral hygiene
      measures in the treatment of mucositis of the oral mucosa during radiation
      therapy].

PMID- 3858699
TI  - [Composites: classification and qualities. Survey by Lutz and Phillips].

PMID- 3858700
TI  - Urinary kallikrein in normal pregnancy, pregnancy with hypertension, and toxemia.
AB  - The 24-hour urinary excretion of kallikrein (K) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2),
      which reflects their intrarenal synthesis, was measured in 7 normal women (NW),
      10 women with essential hypertension (EH), 26 normal pregnant women (NP), 12
      women with hypertension in pregnancy (HP), and 4 women with toxemia. All pregnant
      women were in the last trimester of their pregnancy (week 24-40). K was raised in
      NP (99.6 +/- 8.1 KU/24 h) and HP (106.5 +/- 8 KU/24 h) compared to NW (57 +/-
      8.23 KU/24 h) (p less than 0.05). PGE2 excretion was decreased in EH (403.25 +/-
      90.6 ng/24 h) compared to NW (508.6 +/- 80.26 ng/24 h). During pregnancy PGE2 was
      increased to 1,088 +/- 93.2 ng/24 h in NP and significantly more in HP, 1,885 +/-
      40 ng/24 h (p less than 0.002). In this regard it differed from K. These data may
      suggest that, in addition to K, other factors (as angiotensin II and/or
      antidiuretic hormone) possibly activate renal PGE2 production in HP. In toxemia,
      K (23 +/- 6.1 KU/24 h) and PGE2 (583 +/- 172.83 ng/24 h) were markedly decreased.
      The above results suggest that the renal kallikrein-kinin and prostaglandin
      systems may play a role in sodium homeostasis during pregnancy. Their exact
      influence on the pathogenesis of hypertension in nonpregnant, pregnant, and
      toxemic subjects awaits further investigation.

PMID- 3858701
TI  - Ethanol-induced water diuresis is not prostaglandin dependent.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated an effect of alcohol on arachidonic acid
      metabolism. These studies were undertaken to determine if the water diuresis of
      alcohol is due to enhanced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, a known
      antidiuretic hormone antagonist. 6 rabbits, weighing between 2.5 and 3.2 kg, were
      studied in standard metabolic cages during 4 periods: control, indomethacin
      administration, ethanol administration, and ethanol and indomethacin. 10 ml of
      100% alcohol was added to their water in periods 3 and 4, and 5 mg/kg
      indomethacin was given during periods 2 and 4. We recorded urine output, urine
      osmolality, sodium excretion, potassium excretion, and PGE2 excretion. Urine flow
      rate significantly increased in periods 3 and 4 from 79 +/- 7 to 177 +/- 13 and
      165 +/- 11 cm3/day, respectively, p less than 0.001 for both, compared to
      control. Indomethacin, therefore, did not prevent the water diuresis. Urinary
      PGE2 excretion was low (125 +/- 13 ng/day) with ethanol administration compared
      to control (897 +/- 71 ng/day, p less than 0.001). Levels were similar to those
      seen with the inhibitor indomethacin (105 +/- 22 ng/day, n.s.). These low levels
      with ethanol were observed at the same time of the significant free water
      diuresis. We conclude that the water diuresis produced by acute ethanol
      administration is not mediated by enhanced renal PGE2 production.

PMID- 3858702
TI  - Urinary prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha in chronic renal failure. Influence of
      chronic and acute changes in Na balance.
AB  - The role played by renal prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and F2 alpha (PGF 2 alpha) in
      the modification of sodium homeostasis in chronic renal failure (CFR) was
      studied. The 24-hour urinary excretion of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha was measured before
      and after 5 days of a diet containing less than 20 mmol/day of sodium in 6
      patients with CRF. At the end of this period, an acute sodium load (77 mmol/h of
      NaCl for 4 h) was administered and prostaglandins measured in hourly urine
      collections. In contrast to the findings previously reported in normal subjects,
      PGE2 and PGF2 alpha decreased with the low-sodium diet. The ratio PGE2/PGF2 alpha
      (reflecting the activity of the enzyme PGE2-9-ketoreductase) was greatly
      increased and did not change with the low-sodium diet. The acute sodium load
      induced an increase in urinary prostaglandins. The results suggest that
      prostaglandins may contribute to natriuresis in CRF, under basal conditions,
      after a short-term sodium depletion and in response to an acute sodium load. The
      changes in prostaglandin excretion in CRF could be related to decreased activity
      of PGE2-9-ketoreductase.

PMID- 3858704
TI  - Early diagnosis of Tourette's syndrome.

PMID- 3858703
TI  - Antidepressants and endogenous opioid peptide systems.
AB  - The influence of antidepressants on the brain and pituitary content of
      immunoreactive beta-endorphin (ir-beta E) and dynorphin (ir-DYN) was studied in
      rats. Chronic administration of the first and second generation antidepressants
      imipramine, citalopram and rolipram, and of the antidepressant neuroleptics
      levomepromazine and chlorprothixene elevated the level of ir-beta E in the
      hypothalamus. Imipramine and levomepromazine also increased the level of ir-DYN
      in this tissue. Imipramine administered chronically potentiated stress-induced as
      well as morphine analgesia. The results obtained suggest that chronic
      antidepressants enhance the brain opioid system activity and increase the
      sensitivity of opiate receptors.

PMID- 3858705
TI  - [Hereditary blood anomalies in the Abruzzi population in Valle del Sangro: from
      hematologic genetics to the history of a population].
AB  - A high incidence of hereditary blood anomalies (particularly Pelger-Huet's
      congenital granulocytic anomaly and Lepore haemoglobinopathy) is reported in the
      people of the Sangro Valley (Abruzzo, South Italy). The clinical, haematological,
      genetic and demographic implications of the high incidence of these pathologies
      are discussed.

PMID- 3858706
TI  - Regional distribution of a novel pituitary protein (7B2) in the rat spinal cord:
      effect of neonatal capsaicin treatment and thoracic cord transection.
AB  - Using a specific radioimmunoassay, a novel pituitary protein (7B2) was shown to
      be distributed throughout the rat spinal cord. The concentration of 7B2-like
      immunoreactivity (7B2-IR) was significantly higher in dorsal lumbar than in whole
      lumbar cord, and the highest level was found in the sacral region. On both gel
      and high-performance liquid chromatography, 7B2-IR in rat spinal cord eluted in
      the same position as 7B2-IR extracted from porcine pituitary gland. Neonatal
      capsaicin treatment did not change dorsal lumbar spinal cord 7B2-IR
      concentrations, suggesting that it is not predominantly present in unmyelinated
      primary afferent fibres. Thoracic cord transection, however, resulted in
      significant increases of 7B2-IR in lumbar and especially sacral regions,
      providing evidence of a 7B2-containing ascending pathway originating in the
      lumbosacral spinal cord.

PMID- 3858707
TI  - Defects of tooth enamel in children in fluoridated and non-fluoridated water
      areas of the Auckland region.

PMID- 3858708
TI  - Fermentation of glycerol by the flora of immature dental plaque, before and after
      rinsing with a mineralising solution containing urea and glycerol.

PMID- 3858709
TI  - The prevalence of dental caries in 8- and 9-year-old New Zealand children.

PMID- 3858710
TI  - Dental radiographic and restorative experience in a group of Dunedin adolescents,
      1977-81.

PMID- 3858711
TI  - Vitallium removable overlays for deep overbite--case report.

PMID- 3858712
TI  - Dentistry and dental education to the year 2000.

PMID- 3858713
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and the dental patient.

PMID- 3858714
TI  - Cystic fibrosis in New Zealand: incidence and mortality.
AB  - The incidence of and mortality from cystic fibrosis in New Zealand from 1960 to
      1983, has been reviewed. Cystic fibrosis subjects have been located from data
      obtained from New Zealand paediatricians, the Cystic Fibrosis Association and
      hospital admission records. Mortality figures in the years 1960-1982 were also
      obtained. The incidence of cystic fibrosis of 1: 3179 non-Maori births was
      similar to that reported previously. Those born during 1970-1983, have a
      significantly better survival than those born before 1970. The survival figures
      are similar to those in England and Wales, but are considerably lower than those
      reported from Canada, or cystic fibrosis centres in the United States and
      Australia.

PMID- 3858715
TI  - Patients with acute abdominal pain: white cell and neutrophil counts as
      predictors of the surgical acute abdomen.
AB  - Two hundred and fifty-two patients with acute abdominal pain were admitted to
      Wellington Hospital during three consecutive months in 1982. The prevalence of
      the surgical acute abdomen in these patients was 35%. There was no significant
      difference in performance between the peripheral blood white cell count (WCC) and
      neutrophil count (NC) when used as diagnostic tests of surgical acute abdomen.
      Neither test is sufficiently sensitive or specific to be a good predictor of
      surgical acute abdomen. It is recommended that the WCC be used sparingly and
      interpreted as a continuously distributed rather than dichotomous diagnostic
      test. There is no advantage in using the NC.

PMID- 3858716
TI  - Single-dose therapy for uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

PMID- 3858717
TI  - Eating attitudes in an adolescent schoolgirl population.
AB  - One thousand five hundred and fourteen Auckland school girls in the age range 13
      to 17 were given an eating attitudes test. Fourteen percent of this large
      population produced a score on that test of greater than 30 which has been
      claimed to be indicative of potential eating disorder. We view this incidence
      with alarm and make commentary on the social process of coupling the thin
      feminine body ideal with success.

PMID- 3858718
TI  - Onset of azoospermia after vasectomy.
AB  - Nine hundred and sixteen men who had undergone bilateral vasectomy were followed
      up with semen analysis at monthly intervals. After an average of 10 ejaculations
      at least 35% of men still had non-motile sperms at the end of the first month.
      This persisted in four men even after 50 ejaculations or more. The reasons for,
      and the implication of the very slow clearance of spermatozoa after vasectomy are
      discussed.

PMID- 3858719
TI  - Chlamydia trachomatis infection at a family planning clinic.
AB  - Endocervical samples were taken for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis from
      500 consecutive patients attending a family planning clinic. The Microtrak direct
      specimen immunofluorescence test was used. Swabs from 79 patients (15.8%) were
      positive for chlamydia. Seventy-one (95%) of these patients were symptom free,
      and 39.8% were under 20 years old. Twenty-one patients were pregnant, seven (33%)
      had chlamydia. Those positive for chlamydia had twice the frequency of abnormal
      smears and other sexually transmitted infections as those who were negative.
      Contraceptive use was similar except that intrauterine devices were used less
      frequently by patients with chlamydia infection. This report indicates the
      frequent occurrence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in New Zealand and that
      newly developed methods of diagnosis enable us to identify and treat those with
      this infection. Characteristically these patients are under 20, have multiple
      partners and a high incidence of abnormal smears and other sexually transmitted
      infections.

PMID- 3858720
TI  - Teamwork can improve the health of lead process workers.
AB  - A team working co-operatively to improve the health of lead workers has evolved
      over the last 10 years. We have monitored 704 employees for red cell lead (4800
      samples) from a factory since 1974. In 1975, 32 employees, one-third of the
      workforce were suspended at a red cell lead level of greater than 10.7 mumol/l.
      Since 1980 no-one has been suspended at the current lower level of 7.7 mumol/l.
      By June 1984 the red cell lead mean for all process areas is less than 4.5
      mumol/l (average 3.6 mumol/l). In 1984 the usual red cell lead range for local
      non-industrially exposed adult males is 1.23 SD 0.65 mumol/l. The value of
      cumulative reporting and contributory factors in reducing the blood levels are
      discussed.

PMID- 3858722
TI  - Abortion and medical discipline.

PMID- 3858721
TI  - Fungal allergy and respiratory disease.
AB  - An aerobiological study of three different localities of the Auckland region
      using Burkard volumetric spore traps was conducted for a 12 month period from
      September 1979 to August 1980. High counts were recorded of various types of
      fungal spores of both unknown and recognised potential allergens but the
      basidiospore group was dominant at all sites forming greater than 50% of the
      total air spora. Seasonal periodicities as well as regional variations in spore
      concentrations of five generic group viz Ganoderma, Leptosphaeria, Cladosporium,
      Alternaria and Aspergillus-Penicilium were recorded. These exhibited summer
      and/or autumn peaks. The diel periodicities recorded for Ganoderma and
      Leptosphaeria were of nocturnal type. Cladosporium was diurnal and Aspergillus
      Penicillium did not display any clear periodicity. The hospital admissions of
      acute asthma sufferers were recorded for the period January 1979 to December
      1980. The seasonal pattern of airborne basidiospores of the region and the
      pattern of acute asthma admissions indicate a close relationship between the two.

PMID- 3858723
TI  - Cryptosporidium infestation in hospitalised urban children.

PMID- 3858724
TI  - Deafness in psychopaedic patients.

PMID- 3858725
TI  - Mianserin.

PMID- 3858726
TI  - Asthma and peak flow meters.

PMID- 3858727
TI  - Vitamin D status in healthy elderly subjects in Auckland.

PMID- 3858728
TI  - Pathology manpower.

PMID- 3858730
TI  - Asthma and viral infections.

PMID- 3858729
TI  - Surgery for snoring--what constitutes a cure?

PMID- 3858731
TI  - Alcohol consumption and blood pressure in a New Zealand community study.
AB  - The relationship between stated alcohol consumption and blood pressure was
      investigated in 901 adults who participated in a multiphasic health survey in
      Milton in May 1981. Subjects taking oral contraceptives or drugs which could
      lower blood pressure were excluded. Eighty-five percent of men and 52% of women
      reported taking some alcohol at least once a month. The percentage using alcohol
      was highest (96%) in men aged 20-29 years. The reported mean weekly intake by
      users was 171 g for men and 56 g for women. After adjustment for age and body
      mass index, there was a positive association between alcohol intake and blood
      pressure for men. The mean systolic and diastolic pressures of male heavy alcohol
      users (300 g or more alcohol per week) were, respectively, 9.8 and 8.9 mmHg
      higher than those of male non-drinkers. No relationship between alcohol intake
      and blood pressure was found in the women.

PMID- 3858732
TI  - Pregnancy complicated by non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and type V
      hyperlipoproteinaemia: case report.
AB  - Type V hyperlipoproteinaemia complicated a pregnancy in a 38 year old Samoan
      multigravida with previous noninsulin dependent diabetes. The
      hypertriglyceridaemia was associated with severe insulin resistance, nonacidotic
      ketosis and poor control of the diabetes. Continuous subcutaneous insulin
      infusion resulted in excellent diabetic control and plasma triglyceride levels
      fell to normal without specific dietary fat restriction. The pregnancy resulted
      in the live birth of a normal healthy infant at 38 weeks' gestation.

PMID- 3858733
TI  - Oncogenes cause cancer?

PMID- 3858734
TI  - Health insurance coverage amongst families with school aged children.
AB  - The level of private medical insurance coverage was studied in a sample of 1106
      seven year old children and their families who were participants in the
      Christchurch Child Development Study. In the last seven years, there has been a
      rapid increase in the number of families who were covered by private medical
      insurance: in 1977 an estimated 18% of families had coverage and by 1984, this
      figure had risen to 43%. Levels of coverage were correlated with a large number
      of factors associated with family social background including single parenthood,
      low income, poor parental education, Polynesian ethnicity, depressed living
      standards, family size and parental age. However, multivariate analysis suggested
      that the primary determinants of insurance coverage were family earning power and
      family structure. The social implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 3858735
TI  - Symptoms frequency and medical implications of severe asthma in children.
AB  - The frequency of asthma symptoms, drug therapy and medical intervention have been
      studied in a group of 200 children with severe asthma attending an asthma clinic.
      There was wide use of all the common asthma preparations, usually in combination.
      An average of 6.4 general practitioner consultations per year per child occurred
      for asthma episodes. Antibiotics were prescribed regularly in 57% for asthma
      symptoms. Forty-six percent had attended breathing exercises and physiotherapy
      for an extended period.

PMID- 3858736
TI  - Retinopathy of prematurity: a statement by the committee on the fetus and newborn
      of the Paediatric Society of New Zealand.

PMID- 3858737
TI  - Effects of sexual congress.

PMID- 3858738
TI  - Hepatitis B infection in Kawerau children.

PMID- 3858739
TI  - Recurrent vaginal candidiasis.

PMID- 3858740
TI  - Selenium in New Zealand.

PMID- 3858741
TI  - Tuberculosis prevention.

PMID- 3858742
TI  - Abortion and medical discipline.

PMID- 3858743
TI  - Comparison of the antistaphylococcal activity of serum from healthy subjects
      taking flucloxacillin or augmentin.

PMID- 3858744
TI  - Acupuncture.

PMID- 3858745
TI  - In vitro studies with imipenem.

PMID- 3858746
TI  - A simple method for obtaining bone biopsy specimens for fluoride analysis and
      some preliminary results.

PMID- 3858747
TI  - Duoderm wafers: a report on product evaluation.

PMID- 3858748
TI  - The socialisation of a nurse.

PMID- 3858749
TI  - European and Maori approaches to holism and health.

PMID- 3858750
TI  - The performance of dental students in an era of decreasing number of applicants.

PMID- 3858751
TI  - Tooth numbering systems.

PMID- 3858752
TI  - The dental student recruitment problem.

PMID- 3858753
TI  - A less costly approach to registering continuing education.

PMID- 3858754
TI  - Electrosurgery and subgingival retraction in fixed prosthodontics.

PMID- 3858755
TI  - Fixed prosthodontics in the restoration of a collapsed dentition. A case report.

PMID- 3858756
TI  - Lip paresthesia. A case report.

PMID- 3858758
TI  - Simplifying diagnosis of TMJ/MPD pain dysfunction syndromes.

PMID- 3858757
TI  - If you can build a better mousetrap, build it!

PMID- 3858759
TI  - A radiologist's look at TMJ syndrome.

PMID- 3858760
TI  - Clarifying reimbursement for treatment of patients with traumatically induced
      craniomandibular disorders.

PMID- 3858761
TI  - Recovery of a tooth fragment from the lower lip.

PMID- 3858762
TI  - Sister chromatid exchange and cell kinetics of marrow cells in acute non
      lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3858763
TI  - Combination chemotherapy for multiple myeloma with BCNU, cyclophosphamide,
      vincristine, melphalan, and prednisone (M-2 protocol).
AB  - 54 consecutively referred, previously untreated patients with stage II and III
      multiple myeloma have been treated with the M-2 protocol. 50% of patients had a
      performance status of less than 50%. 13% were stage II and 87% stage III. In 50
      of 54 patients (90%), and objective response according to the Myeloma Task Force
      was achieved; 10% of the responses have been complete (9+, 15+, 17+, 18+ and 66+
      months). Remissions now range from 1 to 86+ months. The actuarial median survival
      determined from the initiation of therapy will exceed 4 years. Toxicity was
      acceptable with mild myelosuppression. These results confirm the efficacy of the
      M-2 protocol in multiple myeloma with regards to response rate and survival.

PMID- 3858764
TI  - Etched porcelain labial veneers.

PMID- 3858766
TI  - Diagnosis and management of mandibular fractures.

PMID- 3858765
TI  - Alternative management of the tetracycline stained dentition: intentional
      endodontics and non-vital bleaching.

PMID- 3858767
TI  - Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint: morphologic description with
      correlation to joint function.
AB  - Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint has mainly been studied
      arthrographically from the standpoint of anterior disk displacement with or
      without reduction. Frequent clinical observations of disk deformation in joints
      with internal derangement implied the need for a systematic study of morphologic
      alterations associated with internal derangement. Therefore, morphology, internal
      derangement, and joint function were studied in 58 randomly selected autopsy
      specimens of the temporomandibular joint. The results showed that joints with
      superior disk position rarely demonstrated morphologic alterations. In joints
      with partially anterior disk position, disk deformation occurred somewhat more
      frequently (31%) and was consistently located in the part of the disk that was
      positioned anteriorly. Joints with completely anteriorly positioned disks showed
      disk deformation in 77% and irregularities of the articular surfaces in 65%. It
      appears that anterior disk position precedes disk deformation. Therefore, early
      causal treatment to correct symptomatic internal derangement appears indicated to
      decrease the possibility of development of disk deformation. Disk deformation was
      also closely associated with disturbed joint function and should therefore be an
      important consideration when one is planning treatment of internal derangement of
      the temporomandibular joint.

PMID- 3858768
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint meniscus.
AB  - This report describes early experience with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of
      the temporomandibular joint meniscus in which surface coil technology was used.
      The results suggest remarkable imaging capabilities and speed with noninvasive
      methods.

PMID- 3858769
TI  - The presentation and complications of odontogenic septic shock. Report of a case.
AB  - Although most odontogenic infections spread locally to adjacent fascial spaces,
      usually contiguous with the offending odontogenic pathosis, occasionally such an
      infection can spread rapidly across the midline and appear on the opposite side
      of the face and neck. Debilitated chronic alcohol abusers who are nutritionally
      deficient are more likely to develop serious life-threatening infections, either
      through serious airway involvement as seen in Ludwig's angina or manifest as a
      gram-negative septicemia with life-threatening shock and even cardiac arrest,
      than the usual dental patient with cellulitis. Early recognition through a high
      index of suspicion and vigorous monitoring will pick up the initial manifestation
      of toxic shock, as noted in this case report.

PMID- 3858770
TI  - Management of a large lingual thyroid in the orthognathic surgery patient.
AB  - The embryogenesis, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and clinical management of the
      lingual thyroid entity are discussed. A patient with a large lingual thyroid, who
      also required a mandibular set-back osteotomy, is presented. The preoperative,
      intraoperative, and postoperative considerations and management of this patient
      as they relate to the lingual mass and its possible effects on the airway are
      discussed.

PMID- 3858771
TI  - Imaging of the TMJ, clinical application.

PMID- 3858772
TI  - New recommendation for prevention of bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 3858773
TI  - Clinical efficacy of prednisone in the treatment of patients with oral
      inflammatory ulcerative diseases: a study of fifty-five patients.
AB  - An objective evaluation of 55 patients with chronic vesiculoerosive oral diseases
      was made to compare the beneficial and adverse effects of prednisone treatment.
      Patients were divided into groups of high, intermediate, and low drug dosages, as
      well as short and long periods of administration. Prednisone benefited 49
      patients in spite of the fact that 55% had some adverse side effects. The
      duration of prednisone administration appeared to have a larger impact on side
      effects than the daily amount given. The most common side effects were
      gastrointestinal disturbances, mood alterations, polyuria and insomnia. There
      were no significant changes in blood pressure, blood sugar level, weight, or
      white blood cell counts. This study confirmed that systemic prednisone is a
      useful and beneficial treatment modality for patients with chronic oral
      inflammatory diseases.

PMID- 3858774
TI  - Possible role of apoptotic cells of the oral epithelium in the pathogenesis of
      aphthous ulceration.
AB  - Electron microscopic examination of the normal oral mucosa of patients with
      recurrent aphthous ulceration or Behcet's syndrome revealed that the degenerate
      dark prickle cells are apoptotic cells. Such dark prickle cells showed
      characteristic findings of apoptosis, such as the shrinkage of nucleus and
      cytoplasm and the formation of contraction vacuoles. The number of
      intraepithelial mononuclear cells phagocytosing apoptotic cellular debris
      increased remarkably at the preulcerative stage of the aphthous lesions. The
      apoptotic debris also attracted neutrophilic leukocytes in the prickle cell layer
      at the preulcerative stage but not in the normal oral epithelium. It is
      speculated that the onset of aphthous ulceration is closely related to
      phagocytosis of these apoptotic cells by intraepithelial mononuclear cells.

PMID- 3858775
TI  - Focal acantholytic dyskeratosis and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis of the oral
      mucosa adjacent to squamous cell carcinoma.
AB  - A 74-year-old woman presented with an ulcerating squamous cell carcinoma of the
      posterior mandibular gingiva. Biopsy of the mucosa directly anterior to the tumor
      revealed areas of both focal acantholytic dyskeratosis (FAD) and epidermolytic
      hyperkeratosis (EH). Rare solitary lesions of FAD have been described in the oral
      mucosa; this is the first report of FAD as an incidental finding. EH has only
      recently been reported in the mouth, and the concept is unknown in the oral
      pathology literature. Both FAD and EH may represent nonspecific reaction patterns
      of skin and oral mucosa to numerous stimuli, including carcinogens or adjacent
      neoplasms.

PMID- 3858776
TI  - Fibrous dysplasia of bone and concomitant dysplastic changes in the dentin.
AB  - Fibrous dysplasia of bone and dentinal dysplasia have not been classified as
      related conditions. However, the present report describes a patient with both
      polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and dysplastic changes in the dentin. One bone
      lesion was first discovered on the right side of the mandible on a routine
      roentgenogram. There was an atypical radiolucency apical to a short-rooted molar
      with an obliterated pulp. Additional lesions were found on the left side of the
      mandible in the maxilla, in the frontal and occipital bones, in the ilium, in the
      proximal ulnae, and in the ribs. All lesions demonstrated an increased uptake of
      Tc99. A biopsy specimen of bone from the right side of the mandible showed small
      calcified islands in a cell-rich connective tissue. Microscopic analysis of the
      right first molar showed irregularly shaped dentin with the dentinal tubules
      arranged in a whorl-like fashion surrounding an almost completely obliterated
      pulp chamber and canal. Healing after tooth extraction and after the bone biopsy
      was unremarkable. After 6 months the alveolus was reorganized and the bone
      patterns appeared normal, although the radiolucent areas inferior to the teeth
      remained unchanged. The concomitant occurrence of dysplastic changes in bone and
      teeth may be a sign of a generalized defect in the mesenchymal hard-tissue
      forming cells.

PMID- 3858777
TI  - Radiation-induced lesion of the oral cavity: thorium depositions detected by x
      ray microanalysis.

PMID- 3858778
TI  - The effect of radiation on the response of dental pulp to operative and
      endodontic procedures: an experimental study.
AB  - Thirty-six 56-day-old male Sprague-Dawley albino rats served as two groups of
      experimental animals. Group 1 was irradiated with 400 rads delivered as total
      body radiation from a cesium source. Group 2 served as the control group and was
      not irradiated. Three weeks later, the dental microscope was used to facilitate
      various dental procedures in both groups of animals (cavity preparation filled
      with zinc oxide-eugenol, pulp exposure capped with zinc oxide-eugenol, and pulp
      exposure left open). Two animals for each procedure from Groups 1 and 2 were
      killed at time intervals of 2, 4, and 8 weeks. The results showed that (1)
      radiation at this dose resulted in a depression of the normal response of the
      dental pulp to the trauma and infection induced by pulpal exposure, (2) there
      were no pathologic changes in the untreated molars of the irradiated animals, and
      (3) the use of the dental microscope greatly facilitated cavity preparation in
      the molars of rats.

PMID- 3858779
TI  - Mycotic infection in necrotic pulp tissue: a histologic report.
AB  - Histologic examination of a necrotic pulp from a traumatized tooth revealed
      mycotic organisms which could be identified morphologically. Actinomyces has been
      identified as part of the normal oral flora but has not been identified in
      necrotic pulp tissue histologically. The present case report is of interest
      because it showed the ability of autolytic pulp tissue to support mycotic growth.
      The tooth also gave a positive response to pulp-testing procedures, even though
      no new tissue could be demonstrated histologically.

PMID- 3858780
TI  - Straight-line endodontic access to anterior teeth.
AB  - Straight-line access provides an unimpeded pathway for endodontic procedures. One
      hundred ninety-eight anterior teeth were examined to determine the location of
      the access preparation which would allow straight-line access for intracanal
      procedures. A radiographic analysis of these teeth indicated that a more labial
      orientation of the access opening would provide straight-line access to the canal
      more consistently than the "traditional" lingual access opening. The more labial
      placement of the access opening on maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth which
      will require full coverage will make endodontic treatment more efficient and may,
      therefore, increase endodontic success rates in these teeth.

PMID- 3858781
TI  - The incidence of unerupted permanent teeth and related clinical cases.
AB  - The impacted or mal-erupted tooth and its associated pathosis provide great
      diagnostic challenges to the dentist. The frequency of occurrence of impaction
      was found to be over 10,000 in 5,000 Army recruits. The type and position of
      impaction are summarized in tables. The incidence of impactions was higher than
      previously reported and may reflect some sampling bias. The incidence of impacted
      second and fourth molars is higher than expected. Impactions or mal-eruptions
      were seen to involve every permanent tooth except the mandibular incisors and
      first molars. Impactions can occur because of malpositioning of the tooth bud or
      obstruction in the path of eruption. However, the exact mechanism is still
      unknown. Six unusual cases of impacted permanent teeth are described to
      illustrate the importance of panoramic radiographs in the discovery of some
      anomalously located impactions.

PMID- 3858782
TI  - Foreign body in a tooth.

PMID- 3858783
TI  - Gemination of a mandibular third molar.

PMID- 3858784
TI  - Pyramidal molars.

PMID- 3858785
TI  - Results up to death in the treatment of persistent cervico-thoracic (Pancoast)
      and thoracic malignant pain by unilateral percutaneous cervical cordotomy.
AB  - The authors analyse the results up to death in 103 followed-up patients
      undergoing unilateral percutaneous cervical cordotomy for persistent cervico
      thoracic malignant pain (45 cases of Pancoast syndrome and 58 cases of thoracic
      pain associated with lung cancer or metastases). On the basis of epidemiological
      data, relationships emerge between onset of pain, stage of cancer, patient
      survival and lasting efficacy of pain relief. Twenty (44%) of 45 patients with
      Pancoast syndrome were pain-free up to death as a result of cordotomy alone,
      while only 13/58 patients (22%) with thoracic pain were pain-free as a result of
      cordotomy alone owing to the very high incidence of mirror pain in this group of
      patients (42/58 patients, 72%) compared to those with Pancoast syndrome (14/45
      patients, 31%). The type and intensity of mirror pain, however, were of such a
      nature in both groups as to be amenable to control with analgesic drugs. In both
      groups of patients, there was a low incidence of the causes of post-cordotomy
      pain recurrence contralateral to the lesion, i.e., deafferentation pain, fading
      of analgesia, and pain above the levels up to which deep pin-prick analgesia had
      been obtained. Cordotomy alone or, as necessary, in conjunction with analgesic
      drugs afforded complete pain control in 34/45 patients (75%) with Pancoast
      syndrome and in 50/58 patients (86%) with thoracic pain. These data provide
      evidence of the unique usefulness of the procedure in controlling otherwise
      intractable persistent cervicothoracic malignant pain, when the technique is
      correctly performed.

PMID- 3858786
TI  - Prognostic significance of primary bone changes in children with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - In a period of 6.5 years, acute leukaemia was diagnosed in 140 children at our
      hospital: 137 children had long bone radiographs and 45 patients had bone
      lesions. Eleven of the 115 patients who had skull radiographs had osteolytic
      lesions and another four had wide sutures. No patients had bone changes at
      relapse or at cessation of 3 years' successful therapy. In acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia, the frequency of osseous lesions tended to be higher in patients in sub
      groups with a more favourable prognosis. The duration of remission and survival
      times were higher in patients with "leukemic" long bones than in those without
      them (p less than 0.10 and less than 0.05, respectively). Changes in the skull
      could not be related to the outcome. We found no abnormalities in the bones of
      the eight patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3858787
TI  - Absence of prognostic significance of skeletal involvement in acute lymphocytic
      leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children.
AB  - Over a period of 6 years 88 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia and
      malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma were treated according to the West-Berlin
      protocol. In 72 children skeletal surveys were performed initially and these
      showed leukemic bone changes in 31 patients. Follow-up was obtained in 70
      patients for up to 8 years after diagnosis: 20 of these patients died and of
      these 8 showed initial skeletal involvement. In 17 children relapses occurred and
      10 of them had bone lesions at first presentation. There was no significant
      correlation between the extent of the skeletal involvement and the survival time
      as calculated by life table analysis.

PMID- 3858788
TI  - The serum apolipoprotein profile of patients with glucose-6-phosphatase
      deficiency.
AB  - Abnormal lipid transport is one of the more severe pathophysiological
      manifestations of glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency (glycogen storage disease,
      type I: GSD-I). To characterize further lipoprotein abnormalities in this inborn
      error of glycogen metabolism, we determined the levels of serum apolipoproteins
      (Apo) A-I, A-II, B, C-I, C-II, C-III, D, and E in 10 male and 12 female patients,
      1-37 yr of age. Results showed that patients with GSD-I have a unique
      apolipoprotein profile characterized by normal or slightly decreased levels of
      ApoA-I and ApoA-II, reduced concentrations of ApoD, and significantly increased
      levels of ApoC-I and ApoC-II (p less than 0.01) and ApoB, ApoC-III, and ApoE (p
      less than 0.0001) in comparison with age- and sex-matched normolipidemic
      controls. However, there was some overlap of values in patients and controls for
      each of the lipid and apolipoprotein constituents with the exception of ApoC-III.
      This finding supported by the results of the logistic regression analysis showed
      that the concentration of ApoC-III is the best criterion for distinguishing
      patients with GSD-I from control subjects and the most characteristic feature of
      the deranged lipid transport system in this deficiency disease. It remains to be
      clarified, however, whether the ApoC-III concentrations in patients with GSD-I
      reflect the degree of other metabolic and clinical manifestations of this disease
      such as hyperlacticacidemia, hyperuricemia, and growth retardation.

PMID- 3858789
TI  - Anaphylaxis to L-asparaginase during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
      in children--evidence of a complement-mediated mechanism.
AB  - L-Asparaginase (l-Asp) is widely used as an effective drug against childhood and
      adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, it is immunogenic in humans
      and may lead to hypersensitivity reactions. The immunological basis of these
      reactions is not clear. Since the presence of l-Asp specific IgG-antibodies seems
      to correlate better with clinical reactions than IgE-antibodies and IgG
      antibodies are known to be able to fix and activate the complement system, we
      speculated that the mechanism of anaphylaxis may be complement- rather than IgE
      mediated. We analyzed 24 children with ALL (age 2-15 yr) for changes in the
      complement system during l-Asp infusions. Chemotherapy was administered according
      to the CoALL 82 protocol which is derived from the CoALL 80 protocol recently
      published. The formation of specific antibodies of IgM and IgG classes against l
      Asp was monitored by a solid phase ELISA. The immunological responsiveness of
      individual patients varied over a wide range but both types of antibodies were
      induced. Anaphylactic reactions were observed on eight occasions in eight
      children. The infusions in the remaining 16 patients were tolerated without
      clinical reactions. Significant activation of complement was demonstrated in
      seven of eight reaction occasions and in none of the occasions without reactions.
      The most important complement activation parameter monitored was the C3 split
      product C3d measured in EDTA-plasma. We conclude that anaphylaxis to l-Asp in
      patients with ALL can be explained in most instances on the basis of complement
      activation induced by the formation of immune complexes of l-Asp and specific
      antibodies of IgM and IgG classes.

PMID- 3858791
TI  - Priorities and investigative functions for nursing research.

PMID- 3858790
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics. Council on Research. Proposed guidelines on
      genetic engineering.

PMID- 3858792
TI  - Elder abuse identified as nursing challenge.

PMID- 3858793
TI  - Nursing in action, the future is now. President's address.

PMID- 3858794
TI  - [Improving prognosis in childhood leukemia].

PMID- 3858796
TI  - The cytoprotective effect of prostaglandin E2 on taurocholate-induced erosions in
      gastric mucosa of the rat. Light microscopic, morphometric and scanning electron
      microscopic investigations.
AB  - The morphological changes associated with the cytoprotective effect of
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) following sodium-taurocholate (NaTC) erosive injury in
      the gastric mucosa were investigated in male rats. A single topic application of
      NaTC (80 mMol) induced multiple gastric erosions in all animals. Application of
      200 micrograms PGE2/kg body weight prior to NaTC treatment led to a significant
      90% decrease in the lesion-score in PGE2-protected animals. Light microscopic
      morphometric studies of the mucus-producing cells in the fundus mucosa were
      carried out. Within the PGE2-protected animals a significant increase was
      observed in the length of zones of the mucus-producing cells at the surface and
      in the foveolae (both PAS-positive and alcian-blue-positive cells). Compared to
      the NaTC-injured animals, this increase amounted to 8.1% for the PAS-positive,
      and 6.1% for the alcian-blue-positive zone. Compared to the untreated controls,
      these values were 4.7% and 3.2% respectively. In the scanning electron microscope
      we observed a characteristic explosive release of mucus and damage of the cell's
      surface membranes in the NaTC-treated animals. The PGE2-protected rats showed a
      predominance of exocytosis of mucus vesicles which formed a characteristic mucus
      network at the surface membrane. Our investigations suggest that the
      cytoprotective effect of PGE2 may, in part, be due to an increase in mucus
      production and to a modification of mucus adherence at the cell membrane.

PMID- 3858795
TI  - Single stranded DNA SP6 promoter plasmids for engineering mutant RNAs and
      proteins: synthesis of a 'stretched' preproparathyroid hormone.
AB  - The intergenic region of bacteriophage f1 has been subcloned into the
      bacteriophage SP6 promoter plasmids, pSP64 and pSP65, in both orientations.
      Coinfection of E. coli with these SP6 promoter/phage f1 chimeric plasmids and the
      interference resistance phage, IR1, results in the replication and secretion of
      the pSP6.f1 plasmids as single stranded DNA. Bovine preProPTH cDNAs in both the
      native form and a form containing an insertion of 117 base pairs in the protein
      coding region have been inserted in these plasmids. The RNA transcribed from the
      SP6.f1/preProPTH cDNA constructs was efficiently translated in the wheat germ or
      reticulocyte cell free systems without addition of a 7-methylguanosine cap to the
      RNA. In the presence of dog pancreatic or chicken oviduct microsomal membranes,
      conversion of the resultant pre-proteins to pro-proteins was observed.
      Confirmation of the "mutated" preProPTH cDNA was determined by
      dideoxyribonucleotide DNA sequencing of single stranded plasmid DNA. These
      vectors are suitable for the efficient biosynthesis of large amounts of single or
      double stranded DNA, and translationally active RNA. The combined properties of
      single stranded DNA replication and the SP6 promoter simplify the engineering of
      mutant RNAs and their corresponding proteins. In addition, single stranded DNA or
      RNA corresponding to either complementary strand may be synthesized as nucleic
      acid hybridization probes.

PMID- 3858798
TI  - Dyskinesia. Research and treatment.

PMID- 3858797
TI  - Management of cancer in the elderly. Implications of the aging process.
AB  - Cancer is one of the most serious illnesses of the elderly. Screening programs
      focusing on its early detection in this age-group are needed to allow maximum
      opportunity for cure. Also important is convincing the older patients who smoke
      that stopping is still worthwhile. Compared with younger patients, the elderly
      have more intercurrent medical illnesses and are more likely to suffer from
      financial difficulties and loss of family support. These factors must be
      considered when managing these patients. Although age-imposed compromises in
      treatment are often made, available data suggest that a priori dose reduction of
      chemotherapy on the basis of age alone is not indicated in patients with solid
      tumors. Prospective clinical trials are needed to further address the issue of
      responsiveness to chemotherapy as a function of age. Such trials should include
      assessment of physiologic age and quality of life.

PMID- 3858799
TI  - Pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia.
AB  - Animal models of persisting tardive dyskinesia have been developed in two species
      (rats and monkeys). Dyskinetic animals chronically treated with neuroleptics had
      significant decreases in glutamic acid decarboxylase and GABA in the substantia
      nigra, the medial globus pallidus, and the subthalamic nucleus, whereas animals
      without dyskinesias which had been treated similarly had a normal distribution of
      these biochemical parameters. These changes remained 2 months after neuroleptics
      were discontinued, and at that point there was a reduced turnover of striatal
      dopamine in the dyskinetic monkeys. These findings suggest that reduced GABA
      function in the substantia nigra may play a role in tardive dyskinesia.

PMID- 3858800
TI  - Intermittent treatment with droperidol, a short-acting neuroleptic, increases
      behavioral dopamine receptor sensitivity.
AB  - Drug holidays have been proposed as a preventive strategy against the development
      of tardive dyskinesia. Three animal studies in which dopamine receptor
      hypersensitivity after chronic neuroleptic treatment was used as a model for
      tardive dyskinesia failed to find any reduction in dopamine receptor
      hypersensitivity with intermittent, as opposed to continuous, treatment. Since
      most neuroleptics have a long half-life in vivo, we hypothesized that truly drug
      free periods may not have been achieved in previous studies. Droperidol, an
      ultrashort-acting butyrophenone neuroleptic, was administered to rats for 22 days
      in twice-daily injections or one injection every 48 hours. At 60 hours after the
      last dose there was no difference in apomorphine-induced stereotypy between
      continuously treated and intermittently treated animals. Thus, even totally drug
      free periods do not reduce the development of dopamine receptor hypersensitivity.

PMID- 3858801
TI  - Behavioral effects of long-term neuroleptic treatment in Cebus monkeys.
AB  - Tardive dyskinesia (TD) occurs in predisposed individuals receiving neuroleptic
      treatment, but prior to the onset of symptoms it is not possible to predict who
      is at risk for this disorder. If the time course for evolving symptoms, perhaps
      mediated through dopamine hypersensitivity, could be identified, treatment
      interventions could be initiated. Eight male Cebus monkeys (15-18 years old) were
      tested with the dopamine agonists apomorphine, d-amphetamine, bromocriptine, and
      pergolide before, during, and after 3 months of treatment with haloperidol 0.25
      mg/kg daily PO. This treatment cycle was repeated four times. Apomorphine and
      amphetamine produced moderate buccolinguo-masticatory (BLM) signs. Bromocriptine
      and pergolide produced very few BLMs. Initially haloperidol suppressed dopamine
      agonist-induced BLMs, but tolerance to the effect developed and was replaced by a
      potentiation of apomorphine-induced BLMs. Markedly increased apomorphine- and
      amphetamine-induced BLMs were seen following the first 3 months of haloperidol
      medication (behavioral hypersensitivity), but this gradually decreased to near
      baseline levels, even with re-exposure to neuroleptics in the four treatment
      cycles. Bromocriptine and pergolide produced no signs of BLM behavioral
      hypersensitivity. These findings suggest that long-term neuroleptic treatment in
      nonhuman primates induces dynamic compensatory CNS changes, which may not fully
      explain the pathogenesis of TD on the basis of dopamine hypersensitivity.

PMID- 3858802
TI  - Pharmacological properties of presynaptic dopamine receptor agonists.
AB  - Selective presynaptic dopamine receptor agonists appear to offer promise as
      putative antipsychotic agents with a low risk of extrapyramidal side-effects,
      including tardive dyskinesia. However, no such agent with a reasonable degree of
      selectivity has yet reached the stage of clinical trial. In the present paper the
      particular pharmacological profile of presynaptic dopamine receptor
      (autoreceptor) agonists is described, and underlying mechanisms are discussed.
      Special attention is paid to the compound 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl-N-n
      propylpiperidine(3-PPP), especially its levotatory enantiomer. This agent shows
      affinity for both pre- and postsynaptic dopamine receptors. Its intrinsic
      activity in different locations varies between virtually zero and 100%, leading
      to a mixture of agonist and antagonist properties. It is suggested that this
      variability depends on the adaptive properties of the dopamine receptor.

PMID- 3858803
TI  - A glycolipid antigen specific to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis: structure and
      antigenicity.
AB  - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (National Animal Disease Center strain 18 and
      American Type Culture Collection strain 19698), the causative agent of Johne
      Disease (bovine paratuberculosis), contains a major immunoreactive
      glycopeptidolipid (polar GPL-I) that has been isolated and characterized.
      (formula; see text) Thus, the glycolipid antigen belongs to the polar mycoside C
      glycopeptidolipid family present in other mycobacterial species. The distal 2,3
      di-O-methyl-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-(1----3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosi de unit, the
      obvious antigen determinant, appears to be characteristic of M. paratuberculosis.
      The glycolipid can be recognized readily in isolates of M. paratuberculosis by
      TLC and its presence may be used as a characteristic marker of the infectious
      agent. The polar glycopeptidolipid was highly reactive in ELISA against serum
      from an animal hyperimmunized with M. paratuberculosis strain 18, indicating its
      basic immunogenicity.

PMID- 3858804
TI  - Simultaneous comparison of three protein sequences.
AB  - Currently there are several computer algorithms available for aligning two
      biological sequences. When more than two sequences are to be aligned, however,
      pairwise comparisons using these methods rarely lead to a consistent alignment of
      the sequences. One obvious solution to this problem is to compare all the
      sequences simultaneously. Here we present an algorithm for the simultaneous
      comparison of three biological sequences. The algorithm is an extension of the
      method developed by S. B. Needleman and C. D. Wunsch, but it decreases the almost
      prohibitively long computing time required by a direct naive extension to a
      practical level: it takes time proportional to the cube of the mean sequence
      length, in comparison to the fifth power time taken by the direct extension.
      Simultaneous comparison not only gives a consistent alignment of the three
      sequences, but it could also reveal homologous residues in the sequences that
      might be overlooked by the pairwise comparisons. As an example of the application
      of the algorithm, three copper-containing proteins, plastocyanin, stellacyanin,
      and cucumber basic blue protein, are compared.

PMID- 3858805
TI  - Electrostatic influence on energetics of electron transfer reactions.
AB  - Electron transfer chains in biological systems must operate efficiently to
      satisfy metabolic energetic requirements. The component proteins in these chains
      are expected to exhibit characteristic structural features that facilitate
      electron transfer to the appropriate donor and acceptor proteins. A survey of
      soluble one-electron carrier proteins indicates a significant tendency for lower
      potential proteins to be more negatively charged than higher potential proteins.
      Consideration of the electrostatic consequences of this pattern of charge
      asymmetry suggests that the reduction potential difference between the two
      proteins will be minimized in the precursor complex associated with electron
      transfer. An equivalent statement is that the change in free energy accompanying
      electron transfer in the complex will approach zero. This behavior is consistent
      with theoretical arguments advanced by Albery and Knowles [Albery, W. J. &
      Knowles, J. R. (1976) Biochemistry 15, 5631-5640], which suggest that for the
      most efficient enzymes, the free energy difference between enzyme-bound species
      should approach zero. A more general derivation of this prediction is provided.
      The observed charge asymmetry in electron transfer proteins provides a structural
      mechanism for satisfying this requirement, thus accelerating the overall rate of
      electron transfer.

PMID- 3858806
TI  - Phosphorylation of hydroxylysine residues in collagen synthesized by cultured
      aortic smooth muscle cells.
AB  - O5-Phosphohydroxylysine was chemically synthesized and techniques were
      established for its identification by combined use of cation-exchange
      chromatography, thin-layer electrophoresis at pH 1.9 and 3.5, and thin-layer
      chromatography. Clean separation of phosphohydroxylysine from the other phospho
      amino acids, phosphoethanolamine, and phosphocholine was achieved. Conditions
      were also determined to permit hydrolysis of proteins in 2 M HCl without loss of
      the phosphono group of phosphohydroxylysine residues. Experiments were then
      performed showing that 32P was incorporated into the hydroxylysine residues of
      cell-associated collagens when cultured calf aorta medial smooth muscle cells
      were incubated with [32P]orthophosphate. In other experiments, the cells
      incorporated [3H]lysine into hydroxylysine residues of cell-associated collagen
      and then 32P into phosphohydroxylysine residues. The doubly labeled
      phosphohydroxylysine subsequently isolated showed nearly 1:1 stoichiometry with
      respect to incorporation of precursor lysine and phosphorus. Finally, in
      preliminary experiments done with a cell-free extract of the smooth muscle cells,
      32P was transferred from [gamma-32P]ATP to hydroxylysine residues in several
      kinds of collagenous substrates. Thus, this work shows that smooth muscle cells
      have the capacity to phosphorylate hydroxylysine residues in their cell
      associated collagens and provides preliminary evidence that a protein kinase is
      involved.

PMID- 3858807
TI  - Developmentally regulated expression of a chicken muscle-specific gene in stably
      transfected rat myogenic cells.
AB  - To test the evolutionary conservation of DNA sequences specifying the
      developmentally regulated expression of the skeletal muscle actin gene, a
      recombinant plasmid containing the chicken skeletal muscle actin gene was
      introduced into rat myogenic cells. In a significant number of isolated clones,
      the accumulation of chicken actin mRNA increased greatly during differentiation.
      To test the expression in myogenic cells of a gene that is normally expressed
      during terminal differentiation of another tissue, rat myogenic cells were
      transfected with a mouse/human beta-globin chimeric gene. A decrease by a factor
      of 2-3 in the amount of globin mRNA during differentiation was observed in most
      clones in which the gene was expressed. The results indicate the conservation of
      the muscle-specific regulatory DNA sequences for more than 300 Myr.

PMID- 3858808
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the satellite of peanut stunt virus reveals structural
      homologies with viroids and certain nuclear and mitochondrial introns.
AB  - Peanut stunt virus-associated RNA 5 (PARNA 5), the satellite of a plant
      cucumovirus, is a linear RNA of 393 nucleotides with a 5' cap and a 3' hydroxyl
      group. Determination of its nucleotide sequence has revealed two consecutive open
      reading frames that together extend most of its length. Sequences at the 5' and
      3' ends are homologous with those of the satellite of the related cucumber mosaic
      virus, and the double-stranded forms of both satellites contain an unpaired
      guanosine at the 3' end of the minus strand. However, little other homology
      exists between the two satellites. In contrast, PARNA 5 has several regions of
      90% sequence homology with various plant viroids, including sequences of the
      conserved central region of most viroids. Such homologies suggest a common origin
      with viroids coupled with specific adaptation as a linear RNA. The presence
      within PARNA 5 of conserved intron sequences essential to proper RNA processing
      suggests a possible origin from plant introns and/or involvement of such
      sequences in the processing of PARNA 5 multimers to monomers at some stage of
      replication.

PMID- 3858809
TI  - A dimer of AraC protein contacts three adjacent major groove regions of the araI
      DNA site.
AB  - Contact sites of AraC protein to the regulatory site araI of the Escherichia coli
      araBAD operon have been determined by the chemical-interference technique. DNA
      fragments were chemically modified an average of once per molecule, and fragments
      that no longer bound AraC were separated by gel electrophoresis from the DNA
      fragments still able to bind the protein. The contact sites were then determined
      by comparing the positions of modifications in the two DNA samples. Strong
      contacts were found with guanines in three consecutive major groove regions and
      the adjacent phosphates along one side of the DNA. The conserved bases of the
      AraC-binding DNA consensus sequence are also found in the same positions. The gel
      electrophoresis assay was used to determine the stoichiometry of binding, and
      AraC protein was found to bind the araI and araO1 regulatory sites as a dimer.
      Therefore, AraC appears to bind DNA differently from the other well-characterized
      regulatory proteins such as phage lambda repressor.

PMID- 3858810
TI  - Structure of human ferritin light subunit messenger RNA: comparison with heavy
      subunit message and functional implications.
AB  - Ferritin has a protein shell of 5 X 10(6) Da consisting of 24 subunits of two
      types, a heavier (H) chain of 21,000 Da and a lighter (L) chain of 19,000 Da. A
      cDNA clone of the messenger for the L subunit has been isolated from a human
      monocyte-like leukemia cell line. The clone contains an open reading frame of 522
      nucleotides coding for an amino acid sequence matching 97% of the published
      sequence of human liver ferritin L subunit determined by sequenator, but it
      corresponds to only 55% of the reported amino acid sequence of a human liver H
      subunit clone. Nevertheless, computer analysis of the subunit conformations
      predicted from the open reading frames of the L and H clones shows that most of
      the amino acid differences are conservative and would allow both subunits to form
      the five alpha-helices and beta-turns established by x-ray crystallography for
      horse spleen ferritin subunits. This suggests that L and H subunits are
      structurally interchangeable in forming an apoferritin shell. The 5' untranslated
      region of our human ferritin L clone has considerable homology with that of the
      rat liver ferritin L clone in the region immediately upstream from the initiator
      codon, notably showing an identical sequence of 10 nucleotides at the same
      position in both subunit clones that may participate in regulating the known
      activation of ferritin mRNA after iron administration. Extensive homology,
      including several blocks of nucleotides, was identified between the 3'
      untranslated regions of the human and rat L clones. The common structural
      features of the H and L subunits lead us to conclude that they have diverged from
      a single ancestral gene.

PMID- 3858811
TI  - Respiratory burst oxidase from human neutrophils: purification and some
      properties.
AB  - The respiratory burst oxidase of human neutrophils was purified by "dye-affinity"
      chromatography over a red agarose column. Electrophoresis of the purified enzyme
      on NaDodSO4 gel showed a single major band at 64,000-66,000 daltons, together
      with some minor contaminants. On a nondenaturing gel, the enzyme ran as two
      closely spaced bands, the faster of which contained flavin. When these two bands
      were rerun separately on a NaDodSO4 gel, they gave identical patterns, each
      showing a major band at ca. 65,000 daltons. The specific activity (mean +/- SEM)
      of the purified enzyme was 8.8 +/- 3.5 mumol of O-2 per min/mg of protein.

PMID- 3858812
TI  - Organization of the human transferrin gene: direct evidence that it originated by
      gene duplication.
AB  - We present the characterization of two overlapping human transferrin genomic
      clones isolated from a liver DNA library. The two clones represent a total length
      of 24 kilobase pairs and code for 70% of the protein. The organization of this
      gene region was elucidated by restriction mapping and DNA sequencing. It contains
      12 exons, ranging from 33 to 181 base pairs, separated by introns of 0.7-4.9
      kilobase pairs. This gene can be divided into two unequal parts corresponding to
      the known domains of the protein. Each part is essentially composed of an equal
      number of exons; introns interrupt the coding sequences, creating homologous
      exons of similar size in each moiety. Moreover, the pattern of intron
      interruption of the codon sequence is identical for all the analyzed homologous
      exon pairs. Comparison with the organization of the ovotransferrin gene shows an
      identical exon size distribution. These data confirm, at the gene level, the
      hypothesis that transferrins originated by a gene-duplication event. A model
      accounting for the origin of the human transferrin gene is presented.

PMID- 3858813
TI  - Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for the luminescent protein aequorin.
AB  - The luminescent jellyfish Aequorea contains a photoprotein, aequorin, which emits
      light by an intramolecular reaction in the presence of a trace amount of Ca2+. A
      cDNA library of Aequorea was constructed and clones carrying the cDNA for the
      Ca2+-dependent photoprotein were isolated by the method of colony hybridization
      using synthetic oligonucleotide probes. The primary structure of the protein
      deduced from the nucleotide sequence showed that the protein is composed of 189
      amino acid residues and has three E-F hand structures that are characteristic for
      Ca2+-binding sites. The sequence also suggested that the protein has hydrophobic
      regions at which the protein may interact with its functional chromophore,
      coelenterazine.

PMID- 3858814
TI  - Identification of the calmodulin-binding domain of skeletal muscle myosin light
      chain kinase.
AB  - In the course of determining the primary structure of rabbit skeletal muscle
      myosin light chain kinase (MLCK; ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37) a
      peptide fragment was obtained that appears to represent the calmodulin-binding
      domain of this enzyme. Low concentrations of the peptide inhibited calmodulin
      activation of MLCK (Ki congruent to 1 nM). The peptide was not associated with a
      catalytically active, calmodulin-independent form of MLCK that was obtained by
      limited proteolysis. The peptide is 27 residues in length and represents the
      carboxyl terminus of MLCK. The sequence of the peptide shows no significant
      homology with any known protein sequence. The peptide contains one tryptophanyl
      residue and a high percentage of basic and hydrophobic residues, but no acidic or
      prolyl residues. Much of the sequence has a high probability of forming alpha
      helix. A chemically synthesized peptide has been prepared to study the
      interactions of the peptide and calmodulin in more detail. The intrinsic
      tryptophan fluorescence of the synthetic peptide shows a significant enhancement
      (approximately equal to 45%) in the presence of Ca2+ and calmodulin; fluorescence
      enhancement is maximal at a peptide:calmodulin stoichiometry of 1:1. Calmodulin
      Sepharose affinity chromatography in the presence of 2 M urea indicates that the
      interaction of peptide and calmodulin is Ca2+-dependent. The results of these
      studies indicate that the catalytic and calmodulin-binding domains of MLCK
      represent distinct and separable regions of the protein. In addition, the results
      provide a basis for future studies of the molecular and evolutionary details of
      calmodulin-dependent enzyme regulation.

PMID- 3858815
TI  - Enzyme-catalyzed processes in organic solvents.
AB  - Three different lipases (porcine pancreatic, yeast, and mold) can vigorously act
      as catalysts in a number of nearly anhydrous organic solvents. Various
      transesterification reactions catalyzed by porcine pancreatic lipase in hexane
      obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The dependence of the catalytic activity of the
      enzyme in organic media on the pH of the aqueous solution from which it was
      recovered is bell-shaped, with the maximum coinciding with the pH optimum of the
      enzymatic activity in water. The catalytic power exhibited by the lipases in
      organic solvents is comparable to that displayed in water. In addition to
      transesterification, lipases can catalyze several other processes in organic
      media including esterification, aminolysis, acyl exchange,
      thiotransesterification, and oximolysis; some of these reactions proceed to an
      appreciable extent only in nonaqueous solvents.

PMID- 3858816
TI  - Animal cell mutants defective in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis.
AB  - We have obtained Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants defective in the biosynthesis
      of glycosaminoglycans by screening replicate colonies immobilized on polyester
      cloth. Depending upon the strain, the mutants accumulated less 35S-labeled
      glycosaminoglycans per microgram of cell protein by a factor of 6-60 compared to
      the wild type. Some of the mutants incorporated [6-3H]glucosamine into
      glycosaminoglycans to the same extent as the wild type, suggesting that sulfate
      addition was specifically altered. In contrast, five strains failed to generate
      3H-labeled glycosaminoglycans normally. In four of these, the initiation of
      glycosaminoglycan assembly was specifically altered, since the addition of p
      nitrophenyl-beta-xyloside restored sulfation to normal. Enzymatic assay of the
      xylosyltransferase in extracts prepared from these mutants revealed that one of
      the strains, S745, contained less enzyme activity by a factor of 15 than the wild
      type. This mutant provides genetic evidence that the xylosyltransferase assayed
      in vitro is responsible for the initiation of chondroitin sulfate and heparan
      sulfate biosynthesis in vivo.

PMID- 3858817
TI  - Separation of endogenous calmodulin- and cAMP-dependent kinases from microtubule
      preparations.
AB  - Both cAMP- and calmodulin-dependent kinases are proposed regulators of
      microtubule function by means of their ability to phosphorylate microtubule
      associated protein 2(MAP 2). A cAMP-dependent kinase/MAP 2 complex is endogenous
      to microtubules. In this report, we demonstrate that an endogenous calmodulin
      dependent kinase that phosphorylates MAP 2 as a major substrate is also present
      in microtubules prepared under conditions that preserve kinase activity. This
      enzyme is identical to a calmodulin-dependent kinase purified previously from rat
      brain cytosol. A fraction containing calmodulin-dependent kinase and MAP 2 was
      separated from the cAMP-dependent kinase/MAP 2 complex by gel filtration
      chromatography of microtubule protein in high ionic strength buffer. All of the
      recovered calmodulin-dependent kinase activity in microtubules eluted in a single
      protein peak. The specific activity of the enzyme for MAP 2 was enriched 31-fold
      in this fraction compared to cytosol. Two-dimensional tryptic phosphopeptide
      mapping revealed that the endogenous cAMP- and calmodulin-dependent kinases
      phosphorylated distinct sites on MAP 2. These data demonstrate that both kinases
      are present in microtubule preparations and that they may differentially regulate
      MAP 2 function by phosphorylating separate sites on MAP 2.

PMID- 3858818
TI  - Rapid processing of the carboxyl terminus of a trypanosome variant surface
      glycoprotein.
AB  - The variant surface glycoprotein of the parasite Trypanosoma brucei contains a
      glycolipid of unknown structure covalently attached to its COOH terminus. We have
      shown, by using metabolic labeling with [35S]methionine or [3H]myristic acid,
      precipitation with specific antibodies, and NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, that this glycolipid is attached to the variant surface
      glycoprotein polypeptide within 1 min after its translation.

PMID- 3858819
TI  - Stochastic free energy transduction.
AB  - Theoretical free-energy coupling systems in which the free energy coupling
      intermediate (e.g., the proton) occurs only in small numbers of molecules per
      coupling unit are shown to exhibit a number of peculiar properties: (i) the
      reactions involving the intermediates do not follow conventional kinetic (or
      nonequilibrium thermodynamic) rate laws in terms of the average concentration or
      chemical potential of the intermediate, (ii) the variation of the output reaction
      rate with the average intermediate concentration (or apparent chemical potential)
      is not unequivocal but depends on whether the input reaction or the leak is
      varied to alter that concentration, and (iii) when the apparent free energy
      contained in the average concentration of the intermediate is compared with the
      average free energy recovered in the output reaction, apparent violations of the
      second law of thermodynamics can occur. These phenomena are reminiscent of
      experimental observations in proton-linked free-energy transducing systems that
      suggest a more direct coupling between electron transfer chains and H+-ATPases
      than only through a bulk proton gradient, delta muH. Consequently, the
      chemiosmotic coupling theory can account for those observations if it limits the
      number of free energy coupling protons per chemiosmotic coupling unit to small
      values.

PMID- 3858820
TI  - A neutron diffraction study on the location of the polyene chain of retinal in
      bacteriorhodopsin.
AB  - We report on the location of the chain part of the retinylidene chromophore in
      the projected density of bacteriorhodopsin as determined by neutron diffraction
      from the two-dimensional purple membrane lattice. For this purpose, partially
      deuterated retinal was synthesized containing 10 deuterons at positions C-8, C
      10, C-12, C-14, C-19(3), and C-20(3) of the polyene chain. Two sets of dark
      adapted samples were prepared in entirely different ways: (i) Deuterated retinal
      was incorporated biosynthetically during growth of the bacteria by using the
      mutant JW5, which is deficient in the synthesis of retinal. (ii) The chromophore
      was converted to retinal oxime, the resulting colorless apomembrane was
      regenerated with deuterated retinal, and the residual retinal oxime was removed
      by washing with bovine serum albumin. Characterization of these samples by x-ray
      diffraction, absorption, and flash spectroscopy showed that they were identical
      to native purple membrane samples as judged by these criteria. Fourier difference
      maps were calculated from the differences in inplane diffraction from the
      deuterated membranes and from protonated samples that were prepared in exactly
      the same way. At 8.7 A resolution, both maps show a single major peak at the same
      position with the center of mass of the labeled part of the chain (C-11) between
      helices 6 and 3 but closer to helix 6. It appears likely that the COOH-terminal
      helix G, to which retinal is attached at lysine-216, is either helix 2 or 6.

PMID- 3858821
TI  - Structure of the actin-myosin complex in the presence of ATP.
AB  - The structure of the complex between actin and myosin subfragment 1 (S1),
      designated the acto-S1 complex, in the presence of ATP was examined by electron
      microscopy. This was accomplished by using negative staining to study a complex
      of S1 covalently crosslinked to actin by the zero-length crosslinker, 1-ethyl-3
      [3-(dimethylamino)-propyl]carbodiimide. Two levels of S1 binding were studied,
      with a molar ratio of crosslinked S1 to total actin of either 20% or 50%. The
      lower percentage was used to observe individual S1 molecules attached to actin,
      while the higher percentage was used to look at the overall pattern of S1
      decoration of the actin filament. In the absence of ATP, the appearances of both
      the 20% and 50% crosslinked filaments closely resembled the rigor appearances
      obtained with noncrosslinked proteins. The arrowheads observed had the
      conventional structure, and individual S1 molecules were elongated and curved and
      appeared to make an angle of 45 degrees with the thin filament. Addition of ATP
      to the crosslinked acto-S1 complex caused a radical change in the structure of
      the cross-bridges. At both 20 and 170 mM ionic strengths, individual S1 molecules
      appeared to be attached at variable angles which, in contrast to rigor, did not
      center on 45 degrees. In addition, the S1 molecules often appeared shorter and
      fatter than in rigor. The 50% crosslinked acto-S1 preparation no longer showed
      the arrowhead pattern of S1 decoration but instead appeared to be disordered with
      little obvious polarity. Control experiments with ADP suggest that these effects
      were not due simply to a weakening of the binding of S1 to actin in the presence
      of nucleotide but most likely were ATP-specific. The crosslinked acto-S1 complex,
      which hydrolyzes ATP at about the same rate as the maximal actin-activated ATPase
      of S1 (Vmax), is composed of a mixture of states A X M X ATP and A X M X ADP X Pi
      (in which A = actin and M = myosin), with more than 50% of the crosslinked S-1
      occurring in state A X M X ATP. Therefore, it appears that both states A X M X
      ATP and A X M X ADP X Pi have a very different conformation from the classic
      arrowhead conformation of the A X M state.

PMID- 3858822
TI  - Maintenance of differentiated rat hepatocytes in primary culture.
AB  - Normal adult rat hepatocytes remained viable and functional for at least 43 days
      when plated on collagen-coated dishes and fed chemically defined medium
      supplemented with dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO). Hepatocytes isolated by collagenase
      perfusion and cultured in the presence or absence of Me2SO were (i) examined by
      light and electron microscopy for morphological changes; (ii) analyzed for the
      production of albumin and other plasma proteins; and (iii) tested by
      autoradiography for DNA synthesis. Me2SO-treated cells continued to produce
      specific plasma proteins during the entire culture period; albumin production was
      consistently high (11-19 micrograms/ml of culture medium per 24 hr) from day 2 to
      at least day 43 after plating. Ultrastructural analyses demonstrated that Me2SO
      treated hepatocytes resembled those from intact liver in organization of
      cytoplasmic organelles and cellular junctions. The optimal concentration for
      observing the morphological and biochemical effects of Me2SO was 2% (vol/vol). We
      conclude that supplementation of chemically defined medium with Me2SO enables
      maintenance of differentiated hepatocytes in culture for extended periods of
      time.

PMID- 3858823
TI  - Directed elongation model for microtubule GTP hydrolysis.
AB  - We propose a role for GTP hydrolysis in microtubule assembly in which the GTPase
      reaction serves to stabilize tubulin subunits in the microtubule. The GTPase
      reaction in tubulin subunits containing GTP at microtubule ends is presumed to
      occur predominately in subunits at one of the interfaces between a cap of GTP
      containing tubulin subunit and a core of GDP-containing tubulin subunit in the
      microtubule, resulting in elongation of the core. The proposed model interprets
      the effects of GDP on microtubule assembly, using a reaction scheme in which GDP
      containing tubulin subunits are able to add to microtubule ends. The model can
      account for the GTP requirement for microtubule assembly, the GDP inhibition of
      the rate for microtubule elongation, and the fact that a metastable state exists
      after the enzymic conversion of GTP to GDP, with microtubules which are at steady
      state. To account for the fact that the microtubule assembly and disassembly
      rates are nonlinearly dependent upon the tubulin subunit concentration and for
      the effects of GDP-containing tubulin subunits on the kinetic properties of
      microtubules, our scheme includes nonproductive as well as productive binding of
      GTP- and GDP-containing tubulin subunits. We compare our model with an
      alternative scheme [Hill, T. L. & Carlier, M. F. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
      USA 80, 7234-7238], which interprets the effects of GDP on microtubule assembly
      using a reaction scheme in which GDP is able to exchange with GTP in GTP
      containing tubulin subunits in the microtubule and in which the principal GTPase
      occurs in GTP-containing tubulin subunits at the microtubule/solution interface.

PMID- 3858824
TI  - Cytochrome P-450 metabolic activity in embryonic and extraembryonic tissue
      lineages of mouse embryos.
AB  - Mouse morulae, blastocysts, and embryonic and extraembryonic tissue layers were
      examined for benzo[a]-pyrene metabolism by cytochrome P-450, using the sister
      chromatid exchange assay. Benzo[a]pyrene exposure in vitro increased sister
      chromatid exchanges in blastocysts of all genetically responsive mice examined
      [BALB/cDub, C3H/AnfCum, and outbred Dub:(ICR) strains] but not blastocysts of the
      nonresponsive AKR/J strain. Benzo[a]pyrene treatment of responsive 7 1/2- and 8
      1/2-day (postimplantation-stage) embryos, either intact or as separate tissue
      layers, increased sister chromatid exchanges in tissues of both embryonic and
      extraembryonic lineages--i.e., in the embryo proper, in isolated embryonic
      ectoderm, and in yolk sac, chorion, extraembryonic ectoderm, and extraembryonic
      endoderm layers. These results indicate that cytochrome P-450 is active in most
      or all tissues of the early mammalian embryo. It could metabolize xenobiotic
      molecules reaching the conceptus near the onset of morphogenesis and
      organogenesis, or it could have another as yet undefined role in normal
      development.

PMID- 3858825
TI  - Differential expression of mitochondrial genes between life cycle stages of
      Trypanosoma brucei.
AB  - The mitochondrial respiratory system is differentially produced during the life
      cycle of the parasitic protozoan, Trypanosoma brucei. We have found 14
      transcripts that are derived from a maxicircle (mitochondrial DNA) region that
      contains sequences homologous to cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II,
      unassigned reading frame 1 from mitochondrial DNA of other organisms, and two
      other open reading frames. Ten of these transcripts occur as pairs that differ in
      size by approximately equal to 200 nucleotides. While most of these transcripts
      occur in both life cycle forms, four transcripts are differentially expressed. Of
      these, two are more abundant in bloodstream forms, one is more abundant in
      procyclic forms, and one is present in procyclic but not bloodstream forms. These
      results indicate that the differential production of the mitochondrial
      respiratory system in T. brucei entails regulation of mitochondrial
      transcriptional and/or posttranscriptional processes.

PMID- 3858827
TI  - Incomplete X chromosome dosage compensation in chorionic villi of human placenta.
AB  - Studies of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in heterozygous cells from
      chorionic villi of five fetal and one newborn placenta show that the locus on the
      allocyclic X is expressed in many cells of this trophectoderm derivative.
      Heterodimers were present in clonal populations of cells with normal diploid
      karyotype and a late replicating X chromosome. The expression of the two X
      chromosomes was unequal, based on ratios of homodimers and heterodimers in
      clones. Studies of DNA, digested with Hpa II and probed with cloned genomic G6PD
      sequences, indicate that expression of the locus in chorionic villi is associated
      with hypomethylation of 3' CpG clusters. These findings suggest that dosage
      compensation, at least at the G6PD locus, has not been well established or
      maintained (or both) in placental tissue. Furthermore, the active X chromosome in
      these human cells of trophoblastic origin can be either the paternal or maternal
      one; therefore, paternal X inactivation in extraembryonic lineages is not an
      essential feature of mammalian X dosage compensation.

PMID- 3858826
TI  - Human alpha 1(III) and alpha 2(V) procollagen genes are located on the long arm
      of chromosome 2.
AB  - The multigene procollagen family encodes probably greater than 20 genetically
      distinct but structurally related polypeptide chains. Recent characterization of
      human procollagen clones has allowed determination of functional domains within
      the proteins, genomic organization, and chromosomal location. Previously, we
      assigned the coordinately expressed type I genes (alpha 1 and alpha 2) to
      chromosomes 17 and 7, respectively, and now other investigators have mapped the
      type II gene to chromosome 12 [Strom, C. M., Eddy, R. L. & Shows, T. B. (1984)
      Somatic Cell Genet. 10, 651-655]. Recently, we isolated cDNA clones encoding the
      fourth interstitial procollagen, type III, and the alpha 2 chain of the type V
      cytoskeletal components. To determine whether these genes were clustered with
      alpha 1(I), alpha 2(I), or alpha 1(II) or were further dispersed in the genome,
      in situ hybridization of the alpha 1(III) and alpha 2(V) probes to metaphase
      chromosomes was carried out. Here we report a fourth autosome with procollagen
      gene loci but the first cytological evidence for linkage. By using normal and
      translocated cell lines, our results show that both the alpha 1(III) and alpha
      2(V) procollagen genes map to the q24.3----q31 region of chromosome 2.

PMID- 3858828
TI  - Efficient generation of antibodies to oncoproteins by using synthetic peptide
      antigens.
AB  - To examine the efficiency of generating protein-reactive antipeptide antibodies,
      35 peptides encoded by retroviral or cellular oncogenes were used to immunize
      rabbits. Thirty-two peptides elicited antipeptide antibodies, of which 56%
      reacted with their respective oncoproteins. The length of the immunizing peptide
      was an important factor in generating antibodies reactive with native protein.
      Similar peptides differing in a single or a few amino acids could elicite
      antisera of markedly different reactivities.

PMID- 3858829
TI  - DNA sequence and characterization of human class II major histocompatibility
      complex beta chains from the DR1 haplotype.
AB  - Two HLA class II beta-chain clones from a cell line homozygous for the DR1
      haplotype have been characterized and sequenced. They represent a DR beta chain
      (2918.4) and a DQ beta chain (2918.8). Clone 2918.4 has been used to select mRNA
      from a lymphoblastoid cell line, and this was injected into Xenopus oocytes with
      mRNA selected with a DR alpha chain. The translation products were
      immunoprecipitated with a beta-chain-specific monoclonal antibody and
      electrophoresed on two-dimensional gels. This revealed positive signals in the
      positions predicted for beta and alpha chains. Sequence comparisons of 2918.4
      with previously published DR beta-chain sequences confirm the presence of two
      regions of variability in the membrane distal domain. Analysis of the sequence of
      2918.8 identified it as a DQ beta chain identical to one previously published
      from a DR3,w6 cell line. We speculate, therefore, that the DQ beta sequence
      represents the DQ1 specificity shared by the DR1 and DRw6 haplotypes.

PMID- 3858830
TI  - Gene organization of DC and DX subregions of the human major histocompatibility
      complex.
AB  - The DC and DX subregions of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have
      been cloned from a cosmid library made from a human B-cell line, Priess. The DC
      subregion, 48 kilobases, includes the DC alpha and DC beta genes. A second DC
      like region, the DX subregion, 35 kilobases, contains the DX alpha gene and a
      newly found beta gene termed DX beta. Since the DC and DX genes are highly
      homologous in nucleotide sequence, gene size, exon-intron organization, and
      direction of transcription, the DC and DX subregions were presumably generated by
      duplication of an ancestral alpha-beta gene pair. Nucleotide sequencing indicates
      that all four genes have intact coding sequences and promoter regions. Homology
      between the upstream promoter sequences of these four genes and seven other class
      II genes at nucleotides -69 to -78 and -98 to -110 highlights these previously
      described conserved elements. Moreover, a striking conservation of flanking alpha
      gene-specific and beta-gene-specific sequences has been observed. Comparison of
      Southern blots of Priess DNA with DC alpha and DC beta cDNA probes with isolated
      cosmid clones showed that (i) the human chromosome encodes only two DC alpha
      related and two DC beta-related genes, namely, DC alpha, DX alpha, DC beta, and
      DX beta, and (ii) the DC and DX subregions are homozygous in Priess cells.

PMID- 3858832
TI  - Thrombus radioimmunoscintigraphy: an approach using monoclonal antiplatelet
      antibody.
AB  - Thrombus detection and localization is of cardinal importance in clinical
      medicine. The currently available method using autologous 111In-labeled platelets
      is too lengthy and complex for everyday use. It requires careful separation of
      the platelets prior to labeling and visualization of the thrombus becomes
      possible only 24 hr after injection. An approach to thrombus imaging using a
      monoclonal antiplatelet antibody labeled with 111In or 123I is described. The
      antibody (7E3) prepared against human platelets inhibits the interaction between
      fibrinogen-coated beads and both human and dog platelets. 7E3 is an IgG1 that
      binds to the complexed glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. Ninety percent of a tracer dose of
      radiolabeled 7E3 binds to human platelets and 50% binds to dog platelets. In
      vitro studies showed that virtually all of the platelet-bound radioactivity
      becomes incorporated into clots formed by adding thrombin to whole blood. 7E3 was
      labeled with 111In by the cyclic anhydride diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
      method or by radioiodination with 123I. At a ratio of 1:50 (anhydride:7E3) the
      specific activity ranged between 10 and 40 muCi/micrograms (1 Ci = 37 GBq)
      without change in the antibody characteristics. In vivo studies in dogs were
      performed by preincubating for 1 hr the radiolabeled 7E3 with citrated blood or
      by directly injecting the radiolabeled 7E3 intravenously. Experimental thrombi
      were induced by transcatheter placement of copper coils into peripheral arteries
      and veins as well as in the superior vena cava and pulmonary artery. With gamma
      camera, visualization of venous and arterial thrombi as well as sites of intimal
      injury without visible thrombi, could be observed 1-1.5 hr after injection. There
      was no need for delayed imaging because of the fast clearance of radioactivity
      from the circulation nor was there need for blood pool subtraction. Two to 10-hr
      thrombi could be imaged but 48-hr thrombi were not detectable with this method.
      No change in platelet counts before and after the injection of labeled 7E3 nor
      increased bleeding tendency occurred. The advantages of this method are a shorter
      preimaging preparation time, faster visualization after injection, and no need
      for delayed imaging or subtraction techniques. For these reasons human
      investigations seem to be warranted.

PMID- 3858831
TI  - A frameshift mutation in the pre-S region of the human hepatitis B virus genome
      allows production of surface antigen particles but eliminates binding to
      polymerized albumin.
AB  - The coding region for the major polypeptide (p24S) of hepatitis B surface antigen
      (HBsAg) is preceded by an in-phase open reading frame termed pre-S. The coding
      potential of the pre-S region was examined in mouse L cells transformed with
      cloned hepatitis B virus DNA. Such cells produce three HBsAg-related polypeptides
      of Mr 24,000, 27,000, and 35,000 organized into complex particles of 22 nm
      diameter. These HBsAg particles bind to polymerized human albumin, but not to
      polyalbumins of several other species. In contrast, cells transformed with
      hepatitis B virus DNA bearing a frameshift mutation near the 3' end of the pre-S
      region secrete immunoreactive HBsAg particles containing only the 24,000 and
      27,000 Mr species. These mutant particles, which lack the 35,000 Mr species, are
      unable to bind polymerized human albumin. These studies indicate that the pre-S
      region encodes the 35,000 Mr species, that this product accounts for the known
      polyalbumin-binding activity of HBsAg but is not required for assembly and
      secretion of HBsAg 22-nm particles, and that the major polypeptide of HBsAg is
      not derived primarily by cleavage of larger precursors encoded by the pre-S
      region.

PMID- 3858833
TI  - Toward an analogue of alcoholism in mice: criteria for recognition of
      pharmacologically motivated drinking.
AB  - Two criteria of alcoholic drinking behavior--inelasticity of demand and
      dissociation of intake from normal eating and drinking--are illustrated by study
      of alcohol-preferring C57BL/6J mice. Although these mice drink enough to become
      intoxicated for brief periods each night, they do not meet the more rigorous
      criteria for pharmacologically motivated drinking. Their intake of alcohol was
      dramatically decreased when they were offered diets augmented with sugar or
      Crisco, and the temporal pattern of drinking was correlated with the intake of
      food. Thus, their motivation for drinking alcohol is related to nutrition and is
      not drug-seeking comparable to that of human alcoholics. Since the tests are
      simple and decisive, it might be useful to apply them to all putative models of
      alcoholism.

PMID- 3858834
TI  - Generation of functional clonal cell lines from human bone marrow stroma.
AB  - Five clonal human bone marrow stromal cell lines were isolated from the adherent
      cell populations in long-term liquid cultures after transfection with the
      recombinant plasmid pSV3gpt. All the cell-line feeder layers and their
      conditioned media stimulated the proliferation of committed granulomonocytic stem
      cells (CFUc) from human bone marrow. The size and number of early erythroid stem
      cell (BFUe)-derived colonies were significantly increased when in the presence of
      10% conditioned medium from the cell lines. Furthermore, a substantial number of
      mixed colonies with erythroid components were observed in the cultures in the
      presence of erythropoietin and conditioned medium. These findings suggest that
      the human bone marrow stromal cell lines obtained after transfection with pSV3gpt
      may be extremely useful in identifying the hematopoietic factors derived from the
      hematopoietic microenvironment and in analyzing their mechanism of action.

PMID- 3858835
TI  - Neuronal traits of clonal cell lines derived by fusion of dorsal root ganglia
      neurons with neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - In an attempt to immortalize the gene products of single neurons, somatic cell
      hybrids were produced by fusion of embryonic rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG)
      neurons with mouse neuroblastoma cells. Embryonic day 13 rat DRGs were fused with
      mouse neuroblastoma cells deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase
      (HPRT; IMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.8). The hybrid cells
      were selected in medium with 100 microM hypoxanthine/1 microM aminopterin/12
      microM thymidine to eliminate the neuroblastoma cells and with cis-hydroxyproline
      to retard fibroblast growth. Of the 17 lines derived, 4 manifested neuronal
      properties and were cloned. These lines retain both rat and mouse chromosomes and
      synthesize characteristic rat and mouse isoenzymes. Neuronal gangliosides, action
      potentials, and extensive neurite-like processes are exhibited by these hybrid
      cells, properties characteristic of DRG neurons but not of the neuroblastoma
      parent. Each line manifests a unique combination of action-potential properties
      and cell-surface markers, suggesting the selective expression of subsets of DRG
      neuronal genes. All of these neuronal properties are expressed constitutively,
      without the need for chemical induction or mitotic inhibition, and stably,
      without diminution after at least 5 months in culture. These lines may prove
      useful in the identification and isolation of gene products that characterize
      individual or small subsets of DRG neurons.

PMID- 3858836
TI  - Is an acetylcholine transport system responsible for nonquantal release of
      acetylcholine at the rodent myoneural junction?
AB  - Experiments were performed to investigate the effects on the spontaneous,
      nonquantal release of acetylcholine (AcCho) from motor nerve terminals of
      substances known to inhibit the AcCho transport system present in cholinergic
      synaptic vesicles. In mouse diaphragms, the hyperpolarization normally produced
      by d-tubocurarine in the endplate area of muscle fibers that had been treated by
      an anticholinesterase was partly or completely blocked by 2-(4
      phenylpiperidino)cyclohexanol (AH5183, 0.1-1 microM), quinacrine (0.1 microM),
      and tetraphenylborate (1 microM). Since the sensitivity of the subsynaptic area
      to AcCho was not changed, the block of the hyperpolarizing action of d
      tubocurarine indicated in inhibition of the spontaneous, nonquantal release of
      AcCho. This was confirmed in experiments on rat diaphragm using direct
      radioenzymatic measurement of the AcCho released into the incubation medium. The
      release of AcCho from the innervated diaphragm was decreased by about 50% in the
      presence of AH5183 (0.01-1 microM) and by 42% in the presence of quinacrine (0.1
      1 microM). The AcCho released was presumably neural, since the release of AcCho
      from 4-day denervated diaphragms was not diminished by either AH5183 or
      quinacrine. The results indicate that the spontaneous release of AcCho from the
      motor nerve terminals is highly sensitive to low concentrations of specific
      inhibitors and is probably mediated by a carrier. It is proposed that spontaneous
      release is due to the incorporation into the membrane of the nerve terminal
      during exocytosis of the vesicular transport system responsible for moving AcCho
      into the vesicle.

PMID- 3858838
TI  - Glycolysis and methylaminoisobutyrate uptake in rat-1 cells transfected with ras
      or myc oncogenes.
AB  - A high rate of aerobic glycolysis was catalyzed by rat-1 cells transfected with a
      ras oncogene (ras cells); rat-1 cells and rat-1 cells transfected with myc
      oncogene (myc cells) showed a low rate of glycolysis that was increased after
      exposure of the cells to type B transforming growth factor (TGF-beta). The uptake
      of radioactive methylaminoisobutyric acid or L-methionine via system A of amino
      acid transport also was accelerated after exposure of these cells to TGF-beta,
      with the myc cells being most sensitive and the ras cells least sensitive.
      Methionine was found to be a potent inhibitor of glycolysis in ras cells as well
      as in rat-1 or myc cells that were exposed to TGF-beta. We propose a relationship
      between the product of the ras oncogene (p21) and the protein(s) induced by
      exposure to TGF-beta.

PMID- 3858837
TI  - Production of plasminogen activator in cultures of superior cervical ganglia and
      isolated Schwann cells.
AB  - Plasminogen activator has been implicated in tissue remodeling and cell migration
      during embryogenesis. In the developing nervous system, these processes are
      evident in the migration of neurons, axonal extension, Schwann cell migration,
      and the ensheathment and myelination of nerves. We have studied the production of
      plasminogen activator in cultures of superior cervical ganglia under conditions
      in which both neurons and glia are present. We have found that a principal source
      of the enzyme in these cultures is the glial cells and that the enzyme could not
      be detected at the growing tips of neurites. Plasminogen activator is also
      produced by Schwann cells isolated from neonatal rat sciatic nerve. The
      production of the enzyme by these cells is stimulated 6- to 10-fold by cholera
      toxin. Isolated Schwann cells and glial cells in the ganglion explant cultures
      produce the tissue form of plasminogen activator, a form of the enzyme not often
      found in nonmalignant cells. Preliminary experiments suggest that neuronal-glial
      interactions may regulate enzyme production by Schwann cells.

PMID- 3858839
TI  - Crystal structure of Z-DNA without an alternating purine-pyrimidine sequence.
AB  - In left-handed Z-DNA, consecutive nucleotides along the chain alternate in the
      syn and anti conformations. Purine residues form the syn conformation readily and
      up to now all Z-DNA crystal structures have sequences of alternating purines and
      pyrimidines. However, we find that d(C-G-A-T-C-G) with the cytosines brominated
      or methylated on C-5 crystallizes as Z-DNA. The structure reveals thymines in syn
      and adenines in anti conformations. This suggests that Z-DNA may occur in
      sequences other than those with alternating purine-pyrimidine sequence.

PMID- 3858840
TI  - Reduction of mammalian ferritin.
AB  - Mammalian ferritin from horse spleen undergoes an electrochemical or chemical
      reduction reaction in which each iron atom present is reduced by one electron
      (2300 electrons per ferritin molecule containing 2300 Fe3+ ions). Midpoint
      potentials of -190 mV, -310 mV, and -416 mV were determined at pH 7.0, 8.0, and
      9.0. This variation of potential with pH indicates that approximately 2 H+ are
      transferred to the core for each Fe3+ reduced to Fe2+. Mossbauer measurements of
      partially reduced ferritin give spectra that consist of a ferric quadrupole
      doublet with a superposed ferrous quadrupole doublet. The relative intensities of
      these doublets are consistent with the electrochemically determined degree of
      reduction.

PMID- 3858841
TI  - Intrinsic curvature hypothesis for biomembrane lipid composition: a role for
      nonbilayer lipids.
AB  - A rationale is presented for the mix of "bilayer" and "nonbilayer" lipids, which
      occurs in biomembranes. A theory for the L alpha-HII phase transition and
      experimental tests of the theory are reviewed. It is suggested that the phase
      behavior is largely the result of a competition between the tendency for certain
      lipid monolayers to curl and the hydrocarbon packing strains that result. The
      tendency to curl is quantitatively given by the intrinsic radius of curvature,
      Ro, which minimizes the bending energy of a lipid monolayer. When bilayer (large
      Ro) and nonbilayer (small Ro) lipids are properly mixed, the resulting layer has
      a value of Ro that is at the critical edge of bilayer stability. In this case,
      bilayers may be destabilized by the protein-mediated introduction of hydrophobic
      molecules, such as dolichol. An x-ray diffraction investigation of the effect of
      dolichol on such a lipid mixture is described. This leads to the hypothesis that
      biomembranes homeostatically adjust their intrinsic curvatures to fall into an
      optimum range. Experimental strategies for testing the hypothesis are outlined.

PMID- 3858842
TI  - Altered gene expression during cold acclimation of spinach.
AB  - Exposure of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plants to a constant 5 degrees C
      induced a greater tolerance to extracellular freezing. The metabolic basis of
      this cold acclimation response in plants is not understood. In this study we
      tested the hypothesis that cold acclimation derives from altered gene
      transcription. We found that exposure of plants to low temperature resulted in a
      rapid and stable change in the translatable poly(A)+ RNA populations extracted
      from leaves, as determined by a cell-free in vitro translation assay. The initial
      appearance of mRNAs for two high molecular weight translation products correlated
      with an increase in freezing tolerance. Cold acclimation of plants for 8 days
      resulted in further qualitative changes in mRNA populations. At least four
      additional mRNAs increased in concentration upon continued exposure of spinach to
      5 degrees C, whereas three other mRNAs present in 20 degrees C-grown leaves
      decreased. We also tested the possibility that the low temperature-induced mRNAs
      might encode heat shock proteins. We studied heat shock-induced protein synthesis
      by in vivo labeling techniques and found that spinach synthesized at least eight
      distinctive heat shock proteins during exposure to 40 degrees C. Most
      polypeptides induced by exposure to low temperature, however, appeared not to be
      heat shock proteins. Thus, the change in mRNAs induced by low temperature is a
      separate response from that induced by high temperature.

PMID- 3858843
TI  - Supramolecular assemblies of mRNA direct the coordinated synthesis of type I
      procollagen chains.
AB  - Registration of the three procollagen alpha chains and assembly of the triple
      helical procollagen molecules takes place in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, but
      the exact location and timing of assembly is not known. As part of a study of the
      mechanism of molecular assembly, intact collagen-producing polyribosomes from
      embryonic chicken tendon fibroblasts have been examined by the techniques of
      rotary shadowing and electron microscopy. Intact mRNA strands corresponding in
      length to approximately 4500 bases and complete procollagen alpha (I) chains have
      been observed. The mRNA strands are comprised of two mRNA chains. The ribosomes
      are present in pairs separated along the duplex strand by about 100 nm. The
      intact polysome is asymmetric; two duplex strands join, and large ribosome
      aggregates appear. These aggregates are dispersed by collagenase digestion,
      leaving separate duplex strands with ribosome pairs intact. Ribonuclease
      digestion yields mixtures of monosomes and ribosome aggregates. Sequential
      ribonuclease and collagenase digestions yield only monosomes. We propose that
      each ribosome reads one mRNA chain, so that each pair is thus translating two
      chains in synchrony. Thus, the complex morphology of the collagen-producing
      polyribosomes suggests that the organization of a single molecule begins by the
      organization of the mRNA chains themselves.

PMID- 3858844
TI  - Tumorigenic and metastatic properties of "normal" and ras-transfected NIH/3T3
      cells.
AB  - To investigate the role of oncogene activation in the pathogenesis of malignant
      tumors, we have studied the tumorigenic and metastatic properties of NIH/3T3
      secondary transfectants (designated A51) containing an activated c-Ha-ras-1 gene
      derived from the human T24 bladder carcinoma cell line and compared them with
      untransfected NIH/3T3 cells. Whereas subcutaneous implantation of NIH/3T3 cells
      in the supraclavicular region produced palpable tumors that failed to
      metastasize, NIH/3T3 cells inoculated in the footpad gave rise to malignant
      tumors that metastasized to the lung. Under identical conditions and irrespective
      of the site of implantation, A51 cells formed rapidly growing primary tumors that
      produced pulmonary metastases. In an assay for experimental metastasis,
      intravenously injected NIH/3T3 cells gave rise to pulmonary nodules only at high
      cell inocula and in long-term survivors (90 days after injection). In contrast,
      A51 cells formed multiple lung tumor colonies detectable 14 days after injection.
      These results indicate that "normal" untransfected NIH/3T3 cultures contain
      subpopulations of cells that express malignant properties and that transfection
      of NIH/3T3 cells with activated c-Ha-ras-1 accelerates formation of metastases.

PMID- 3858845
TI  - Eubacteria, halobacteria, and the origin of photosynthesis: the photocytes.
AB  - The halobacteria and the photosynthetic members of the eubacteria have previously
      been classified in two separate urkingdoms--the archaebacteria and the
      eubacteria, respectively. They were thought to be no more closely related to each
      other than they each were to the eukaryotes. In accord with this earlier
      classification, photosynthesis was thought to have originated twice by
      independent events--once within the eubacteria and once within the
      archaebacteria. In this paper, however, using three-dimensional ribosome
      structure as a probe of evolutionary divergences, we show that the eubacteria and
      the halobacteria are more closely related to each other than they are to any
      other known organisms. The simplest interpretation of our data is that all extant
      photosynthetic cells are descended from a single common ancestor that possessed a
      primeval photosynthetic mechanism. Numerous data on the occurrence of related
      biochemical processes in halobacteria and eubacteria support this theory.
      Essential components of the photosynthetic apparatus, such as carotenoids, are
      present in both halobacteria and in eubacteria, including the nonphotosynthetic
      eubacteria, suggesting that photosynthesis could be a primitive property of both
      groups. Our data indicate that together the eubacteria and the halobacteria form
      a monophyletic group for which we propose the name "photocytes." If other
      techniques of phylogenetic analysis confirm this evolutionary tree, we propose
      that the photocytes be given urkingdom status.

PMID- 3858846
TI  - Centipedal hemocyanin: its structure and its implications for arthropod
      phylogeny.
AB  - The oxygen carrier hemocyanin occurs in the blood of Scutigera coleoptrata, a
      uniramous arthropod, as well as the crustaceans and chelicerates. The native
      polymer appears to be composed of substructures having the same size and electron
      dense image as those of other arthropod hemocyanins but assembled into a unique
      multiple and arranged in a unique configuration. The simplest explanation of
      these findings is that the arthropod hemocyanins have a common origin,
      exemplifying a derived (as opposed to primitive) character shared by each of the
      three living groups.

PMID- 3858847
TI  - Assignment of the human gene for the glucocorticoid receptor to chromosome 5.
AB  - Human lymphoblastic leukemia cells of line CEM-C7 are glucocroticoid-sensitive
      and contain glucocorticoid receptors of wild-type characteristics. EL4 mouse
      lymphoma cells are resistant to lysis by glucocorticoids due to mutant receptors
      that exhibit abnormal DNA binding. Hybrids between the two cell lines were
      prepared and analyzed with respect to glucocorticoid responsiveness and to
      receptor types by DNA-cellulose chromatrography. Sensitive hybrid cell clones
      contained the CEM-C7-specific receptor in addition to the EL4 type of receptor.
      Several sensitive hybrid cell clones were used for selection of resistant
      segregants by growth in the presence of high concentrations of glucocorticoid.
      These segregants had lost the wild-type CEM-C7 receptor, while the EL4-specific
      receptor was retained. To identify the human chromosome that was lost
      concordantly with the CEM-C7 receptor the chromosomes of hybrid cells were
      studied by alkaline Giemsa (G-11) staining and trypsin/Giemsa banding. All
      hybrids contained human chromosomes in addition to one to two sets of EL4
      chromosomes. Human chromosome 5 was present in all hybrid cell clones that
      expressed the CEM-C7 receptor and it was absent from those that did not. This
      absolute correlation was not observed for any other human chromosome. We conclude
      that the human gene for the glucocorticoid receptor is located on chromosome 5.

PMID- 3858848
TI  - Differential amplification, assembly, and relocation of multiple DNA sequences in
      human neuroblastomas and neuroblastoma cell lines.
AB  - DNA amplification, manifested by homogeneously staining regions in chromosomes
      and by extrachromosomal, double minute bodies, is characteristic of many
      neuroblastoma cell lines. Sequences recruited from a specific domain on the short
      arm of chromosome 2 (2p) are amplified in advanced-stage primary neuroblastomas,
      whereas sequences from distinctly different regions of 2p are amplified in the
      neuroblastoma cell line IMR-32. Five different DNA segments, which include the
      oncogene N-myc, three other fragments derived from the homogeneously staining
      region of the neuroblastoma cell line IMR-32, and a fifth fragment, derived from
      the neuroblastoma cell line NB-9, showed differential and variable amplification
      in 24 advanced-stage neuroblastoma tumors out of 112 tested specimens. All five
      fragments were mapped within the chromosomal region 2p23-2p25 by three different
      approaches. However, eight other fragments cloned from the homogeneously staining
      region of IMR-32 cells, which were not amplified in the tumor tissues examined,
      were mapped to two more proximal domains of 2p, thousands of kilobases apart from
      each other and from the chromosomal domain that is amplified in the tumors. These
      results establish the amplification, to different degrees, of a variable-sized
      segment of one domain near the terminus of 2p in advanced neuroblastomas. These
      tumors might ultimately be distinguished according to the pattern of
      amplification of DNA segments within this domain. The data presented also
      indicate the existence of a new and complex amplification mechanism in at least
      one neuroblastoma cell line (IMR-32), which involves not only relocation of DNA
      from specific genomic domains but also the formation of novel units by splicing
      together very distant DNA segments.

PMID- 3858849
TI  - 6-Phosphogluconolactonase deficiency, a hereditary erythrocyte enzyme deficiency:
      possible interaction with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
AB  - Partial deficiency of 6-phosphogluconolactonase (EC 3.1.1.31) of the erythrocytes
      was discovered as an autosomal dominant disorder. Hemolytic anemia occurred in an
      individual who had inherited both the gene for 6-phosphogluconolactonase
      deficiency and that for deficiency of a nonhemolytic variant of glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49). It is proposed that the interaction of
      this hereditary erythrocyte abnormality with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      deficiency may explain hemolysis in some other patients who have inherited
      polymorphic variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 3858850
TI  - Functional organization of the cat's visual cortex after prenatal interruption of
      binocular interactions.
AB  - The functional consequences of interrupting in utero binocular interactions were
      studied by recording from single cells in area 17 of adult cats that had one eye
      removed at least 2 wk before birth. In these animals all cortical neurons could
      be driven by the remaining eye, and in tangential microelectrode penetrations,
      sequences of neurons containing a full 180-degree cycle of preferred orientations
      were encountered. Other response properties of cortical neurons in the prenatally
      enucleated animals were also normal with the notable exception that the
      dimensions of receptive fields were significantly smaller when compared with
      those of control animals. Our results indicate that orientation columns in the
      visual cortex can develop independently of ocular dominance columns, and they
      suggest that interruption of binocular interactions during prenatal development
      of the visual pathways may enhance the resolving power of the remaining eye.

PMID- 3858851
TI  - Dispersion of growing axons within the optic nerve of the embryonic monkey.
AB  - To determine whether individual optic fibers grow along constant sets of
      neighboring fibers, a group of 160 axons and 25 axonal growth cones were traced
      through a set of 500 serial electron micrographs of an optic nerve taken from a
      39-day-old monkey embryo (Macaca mulatta). In single transverse sections, growth
      cones contact an average of 7.9 fibers, whereas axons contact 5.3 other fibers.
      The particular set of fibers in contact with one another changed rapidly, and, on
      average, growth cones and axons lost half of their original neighbors over a
      distance of only 8-10 micron. Between the first and last sections of the series,
      92% of all initial contacts were lost. Individual axons moved freely between
      fiber fascicles, and the distance separating initial neighbors increased
      progressively. Most remarkably, the sets of fibers touched by the tips and the
      shanks of growth cones had no common neighbors in 17 out of 25 cases. These
      results demonstrate that, in primates, fibers in the optic nerve do not retain a
      particular set of immediate neighbors during their outgrowth.

PMID- 3858852
TI  - The small cardioactive peptides A and B of Aplysia are derived from a common
      precursor molecule.
AB  - We have identified cells in the central nervous system of the marine mollusc
      Aplysia that react with antibody raised against the small cardioactive peptide B
      (SCPB). Antisera to this neuropeptide stained a subset of central neurons that
      include the large identified buccal neurons, B1 and B2. The distribution of SCP
      containing neurons was used in a strategy to isolate a cDNA clone encoding the
      precursor protein for the peptide. RNA from neurons B1 and B2 and from cells that
      did not stain with SCPB antisera was used to direct the synthesis of radiolabeled
      cDNA probes. A cDNA clone complimentary to mRNA specifically expressed in the B1
      and B2 cells was isolated by differentially screening a buccal cDNA library with
      these probes. The cloned cDNA segment is 1394 nucleotides in length and contains
      a 408-base-pair open reading frame. The predicted precursor protein is composed
      of 136 amino acids and has a characteristic hydrophobic leader sequence. The
      sizes of the precursor protein with and without this leader sequence agree with
      in vivo and in vitro labeling studies. The amino acid sequences for SCPB and a
      related peptide, SCPA, are present and are flanked by known proteolytic
      processing sites.

PMID- 3858853
TI  - Inhibition of Ca2+ conductance in identified leech neurons by benzodiazepines.
AB  - Benzodiazepines (BZs) in micromolar concentrations inhibit Mn2+- and Co2+
      sensitive regenerative divalent cation potentials, which are revealed in the
      presence of tetraethylammonium ion, in leech nociceptive neurons (N cells). This
      BZ effect is reversible and dose-dependent. The BZs, like Mn2+ and Co2+, inhibit
      the maximum rate of depolarization (Vmax) and duration of divalent cation
      potentials at concentrations that do not significantly affect resting membrane
      potential or Vmax of the Na+-dependent action potential. Ultraviolet-induced BZ
      binding to micromolar-affinity sites in ganglia and isolated cells irreversibly
      blocks Ca2+ conductance in neurons without significantly affecting resting
      membrane potentials. BZ binding studies with leech neuronal membrane show
      saturable, specific binding in the micromolar concentration range that was
      similar to BZ binding to synaptosomal membrane fractions. The apparent Kd
      obtained from the micromolar-affinity BZ binding curve for leech ganglionic
      membrane preparations agrees well with the apparent Ki estimated from the dose
      response curve measuring BZ inhibition of Vmax of the divalent cation potentials.
      These findings indicate that BZs act like Ca2+-channel antagonists in intact
      neuronal preparations and are consistent with the hypothesis that BZ binding to
      micromolar-affinity receptors modulates voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.

PMID- 3858854
TI  - Neuropeptide Y injected in the paraventricular hypothalamus: a powerful stimulant
      of feeding behavior.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was injected directly into the paraventricular nucleus of
      the hypothalamus (PVN) of satiated, brain-cannulated rats, and food and water
      intake were measured 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 22 hr postinjection. NPY (24, 78, 235,
      783, and 2351 pmol/0.3 mul) produced a large, dose-dependent increase in food
      intake as well as small increase in water intake. The latency to eat was about 10
      min, with substantial feeding occurring in the first 30 min. At dose below 78
      pmol, the eating generally occurred only within the first hour. At doses above
      235 pmol, however, the subjects' food intake continued to increase such that by 4
      hr postinjection they had consumed the equivalent of normal 22-hr intake, and 22
      hr postinjection they had also eaten significantly more than control subjects.
      Previous studies have shown that norepinephrine injected into the PVN stimulates
      feeding through alpha-adrenergic receptors. To investigate a possible
      interaction, subjects were given PVN injections of phentolamine (60 nmol) prior
      to injections of either NPY (78 pmol) or norepinephrine (20 nmol). Phentolamine
      pretreatment significantly decreased feeding elicited by norepinephrine without
      affecting feeding elicited by NPY. This suggests that NPY does not stimulate
      feeding through the release of endogenous norepinephrine. The powerful
      stimulation of feeding elicited by this neuropeptide suggests an important role
      for hypothalamic NPY, or a structurally related peptide, in the regulation of
      feeding behavior.

PMID- 3858855
TI  - In vitro expression of chloroplast genes in lysates of higher plant chloroplasts.
AB  - A DNA-dependent in vitro-coupled transcription-translation system has been
      prepared from lysates of isolated chloroplasts. These lysates are comparable to
      those of Escherichia coli in transcriptional and translational fidelity and
      efficiency in response to a given template DNA. When Nicotiana tabacum
      chloroplast DNA is used as template with chloroplast lysates (N. tabacum or
      spinach) or E. coli lysates, NaDodSO4 gel analysis reveals similar polypeptide
      patterns that are distinct from the patterns obtained with E. coli DNA. Genes in
      recombinant plasmids containing chloroplast DNA are also expressed in these in
      vitro systems. DNA . RNA hybridization experiments show that transcripts are
      synthesized from most of the chloroplast genome. Newly synthesized large subunit
      of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenate and a transcript of the large
      subunit gene (rbcL) are observed in chloroplast lysates using as template
      chloroplast DNA or cloned fragments of tobacco chloroplast DNA that contain the
      large subunit gene. Results suggest that differential expression of chloroplast
      genes occurs in vitro. By using cloned chloroplast DNA templates in this
      homologous system, it is possible to identify and map structural genes for
      chloroplast proteins.

PMID- 3858856
TI  - Calmodulin genes in trypanosomes are tandemly repeated and produce multiple mRNAs
      with a common 5' leader sequence.
AB  - In Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the Ca2+ binding protein calmodulin is encoded
      by three identical tandemly repeated genes. The transcripts of these genes
      consist of several RNA species similar in size. A 35-nucleotide spliced leader
      sequence is present at the 5' end of each mRNA but is not encoded by DNA
      contiguous to these genes. We have identified two different sites for the fusion
      of the leader to the mRNA. These results strongly support the idea that a novel,
      possibly discontinuous, transcription mechanism is used by these parasites.

PMID- 3858857
TI  - Protein kinase activity associated with the purified rat hepatic glucocorticoid
      receptor.
AB  - The Mr 94,000 steroid binding component of rat hepatic glucocorticoid receptor
      purified 5000-fold under-goes calcium-stimulated phosphorylation in vitro by
      [gamma-32P]ATP. Exogenous histones can be phosphorylated by this preparation
      without calcium. Calmodulin did not stimulate phosphorylation of the
      glucocorticoid receptor beyond that obtained with calcium alone. Although the
      specific calmodulin inhibitor calmidazolium had no effect, trifluoperazine and
      chlorpromazine, nonspecific calmodulin inhibitors, abolished the calcium
      dependent phosphorylation of receptor. EGTA blocks the effect of calcium;
      magnesium cannot substitute for calcium. Cyclic nucleotides (cAMP or cGMP) do not
      stimulate phosphorylation of the receptor in the absence of calcium.
      Phosphorylation of the glucocorticoid receptor is steroid dependent.
      Triamcinolone acetonide elicited activation and phosphorylation of receptor in
      the presence of calcium, whereas the antagonists progesterone, cortexolone, and
      beta-lapachone did not. Sodium molybdate, which blocks the thermal activation
      step, inhibits phosphorylation of the receptor. The activated form of the
      glucocorticoid receptor is required for phosphorylation to occur. The ATP
      analogues 8-azido-ATP or fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine, inhibit phosphorylation
      of the Mr 94,000 component, implying the presence of an ATP binding site inherent
      to the receptor.

PMID- 3858858
TI  - Monoclonal antibody 18B8 detects gangliosides associated with neuronal
      differentiation and synapse formation.
AB  - Mouse monoclonal antibody 18B8 detects developmentally regulated antigens in
      chicken retina and brain. The antigens detected by immunofluorescence appear
      initially on cell bodies in retinas of 6-13 day embryos. In older embryos during
      synapse formation and in adults, the antigen is localized in discrete laminae
      within the inner synaptic layer of retina and also is present in the outer
      synaptic layer and the outer segments of photoreceptor cells. The antigens from
      retina and brain were purified partially and were shown to be gangliosides of
      unknown structure that contain at least two sialic acid residues. Gangliosides
      that are recognized by antibody 18B8 change both qualitatively and quantitatively
      during neuronal development. These changes were correlated with the spatial and
      temporal changes in antigen expression detected histochemically.

PMID- 3858859
TI  - Mouse DNA polymerase alpha-primase terminates and reinitiates DNA synthesis 2-14
      nucleotides upstream of C2A1-2(C2-3/T2) sequences on a minute virus of mice DNA
      template.
AB  - The distribution of termination and initiation sites in a 5081-nucleotide minute
      virus of mice DNA template being copied by a highly purified mouse DNA polymerase
      alpha-DNA primase complex in the presence of GTP has been examined. The 3'
      hydroxyl termini (17 in all) were clustered at six sites that were located 2-14
      nucleotides upstream of C2A2C2, C2AC3, or C2A2T2 sequences. When either [alpha
      32P]- or [gamma-32P]GTP was included in the DNA polymerase reaction mixtures,
      nascent DNA became radiolabeled. Analysis of the 32P-labeled material following
      treatment of the DNA with tobacco acid pyrophosphatase, bacterial alkaline
      phosphatase, or ribonuclease T1 revealed the presence of oligoribonucleotide
      chains averaging 5-7 nucleotides long and beginning with 5' GTP residues. Eight
      presumptive DNA primase initiation sites were located opposite C4 or C5 sequences
      3-9 nucleotides upstream of one of the three closely related hexanucleotides
      C2A2C2, C2AC3, and C2A2T2. RNA-DNA junctions were found 3-10 nucleotides
      downstream of DNA primase initiation sites. The results indicate that
      hexanucleotides having the general formula C2A1-2(C2-3/T2), herein referred to as
      psi, are involved in promoting termination of DNA synthesis and/or de novo
      initiation of RNA-primed DNA chains by DNA polymerase alpha-primase.

PMID- 3858860
TI  - Is there a single pathway for the folding of a polypeptide chain?
AB  - We argue that folding of the compact domains of proteins can occur with adequate
      rapidity in the absence of a unique directed mechanism, provided that native-like
      local structure dominates the folding process. We further suggest that the
      evolution of amino acid sequences should favor multiple paths to the folded
      state. Existing physicochemical and mutational data are not inconsistent with a
      many-pathway model. The analogy of a jigsaw puzzle, with multiple routes to a
      unique solution, appears to be particularly apt.

PMID- 3858861
TI  - Purification and crystallization of the calcium binding protein of sarcoplasmic
      reticulum from skeletal muscle.
AB  - The calcium binding protein of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (also
      referred to as calsequestrin) was purified by release from the compartment of the
      vesicles with the detergent octaethyleneglycol mono-n-dodecyl ether (C12E8) and
      by subsequent precipitation of the calcium binding protein with specific divalent
      cations. The isolated protein exhibited a single band on NaDodSO4/PAGE and bound
      903 nmol of Ca2+ per mg of protein. The calcium binding protein could be
      crystallized in the presence of Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, or combinations of these three
      cations used in a narrow concentration range. Needle-shaped crystals of up to 500
      X 50 micron were obtained. The removal of the divalent cations resulted in
      solubilization of the crystals. The spacings and angles of the crystals were
      obtained by electron microscopy using three different methods of sample
      preparation. By freeze-drying and negative staining electron microscopy, the
      spacings along axes a and b were determined to be 10-11 nm each, and the angle
      between the two axes was 90 degrees. By thin section electron microscopy, the
      spacing along axis a was 11 nm, along axis c was 15-16 nm, and the angle between
      the two axes was 75 degrees. This study reports (i) a simple and rapid method for
      purification of the calcium binding protein; (ii) conditions to crystallize the
      protein using Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, or combinations of the three; and (iii) some
      preliminary characteristics of the crystals. The crystalline nature was
      characterized by electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The larger crystals
      diffracted beyond 3-A Bragg spacing.

PMID- 3858862
TI  - A distinct class of vertebrate collagen genes encodes chicken type IX collagen
      polypeptides.
AB  - Type IX collagen is a disulfide-bonded protein first isolated from hyaline
      cartilage. The structure of this collagen is unusual in that the molecules
      contain three triple-helical domains interspersed with noncollagenous regions.
      The molecules are heterotrimers composed of three genetically distinct
      polypeptide chains. In our laboratory, cDNAs specific for two of these
      polypeptide chains have recently been isolated. Here we report on the isolation
      of genomic clones by use of these cDNAs as probes for screening a chicken genomic
      library. Nucleotide sequence analysis of these clones shows that the exon
      structure of type IX collagen genes is fundamentally different from the exon
      structure of the genes for the fibrillar collagen types I-III. Whereas the sizes
      of exons in fibrillar collagen genes are related to a basic 54-base-pair coding
      unit, the exons of type IX collagen genes show a large variation in size and do
      not appear to be related to a 54-base-pair unit. We propose, therefore, that type
      IX collagen genes belong to a class of vertebrate collagen genes distinct from
      that of fibrillar collagens.

PMID- 3858863
TI  - 3-Deazaadenosine-induced disorganization of macrophage microfilaments.
AB  - 3-Deazaadenosine (c3Ado) has been reported to inhibit a number of cellular
      functions. These biological effects of c3Ado have generally been attributed to
      its ability to act as inhibitor and substrate of S-adenosylhomocysteine
      hydrolase. In this report, it is revealed by fluorescence microscopy that c3Ado
      caused disorganization of the microfilament system of mouse macrophages at
      concentrations (greater than or equal to 5 microM) similar to those that
      inhibited antibody-dependent phagocytosis and zymosan-stimulated H2O2 production
      by these cells. Inhibition of phagocytosis and perturbation of microfilaments by
      c3Ado were completely abrogated by washing the macrophages free of this agent and
      allowing the cells a 30-min recovery period. Furthermore, these effects of c3Ado
      on phagocytosis and microfilaments appeared to be independent of the increase in
      S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-3-deazaadenosylhomocysteine that occurred in these
      macrophages. First, periodate-oxidized adenosine and 3-deaza(+/-)aristeromycin,
      two other inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase that caused greater
      increases in macrophage S-adenosylhomocysteine than did c3Ado, had no effect on
      either phagocytosis or microfilaments. Second, pretreatment of macrophages with
      periodate-oxidized adenosine (to inhibit S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase)
      prevented the subsequent metabolism of c3Ado to S-3-deazaadenosylhomocysteine but
      did not diminish the effects of c3Ado on phagocytosis or microfilaments. These
      results demonstrate that c3Ado can perturb the microfilament system of cells and
      provide an alternative mechanism for the biological effects of c3Ado.

PMID- 3858864
TI  - Immunochemical evidence for induction of the alcohol-oxidizing cytochrome P-450
      of rabbit liver microsomes by diverse agents: ethanol, imidazole,
      trichloroethylene, acetone, pyrazole, and isoniazid.
AB  - Isozyme 3a of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450, also termed P-450ALC, was
      previously isolated in this laboratory from animals administered ethanol or
      imidazole, and the purified cytochrome was shown to function in the reconstituted
      system as an oxygenase in catalyzing the oxidation of ethanol and other alcohols.
      Although liver microsomes from animals treated in various ways exhibit increased
      alcohol-oxidizing activity, evidence was not available as to whether this was due
      to enzyme induction or to other factors influencing the activity. Immunochemical
      quantitation of P-450 isozyme 3a has now been achieved by use of purified
      antibody to this cytochrome in NaDodSO4/PAGE/blotting and dot-blotting
      techniques. The specific content of isozyme 3a in liver microsomes was found to
      be increased from 2- to greater than 4-fold by administration of the following
      agents, in increasing order of effectiveness as inducers: isoniazid,
      trichloroethylene, pyrazole, ethanol, imidazole, and acetone. Isozyme 3a
      represents about 5% of the total P-450 in control animals and is increased to as
      high as 27% by acetone treatment. Isozyme 3a-dependent butanol-oxidation
      activity, determined by the inhibitory effect of antibody on the various
      microsomal preparations, was found to increase proportionally with increased
      content of this cytochrome.

PMID- 3858865
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the G protein gene of human respiratory syncytial virus
      reveals an unusual type of viral membrane protein.
AB  - The major surface glycoprotein (G) of human respiratory syncytial (RS) virus has
      an estimated mature Mr of 84,000-90,000. Among a library of cDNA clones prepared
      from RS virus mRNAs, we identified clones that hybridized to a message that
      encoded a Mr 36,000 polypeptide that was specifically immunoprecipitated with
      anti-G antiserum. The amino acid sequence of the G protein backbone was
      determined by nucleotide sequence analysis of several of the cDNA clones. It
      contains a combination of structural features that make it unique among the known
      viral glycoproteins. The G mRNA is 918 nucleotides long and contains a single
      major open reading frame that encodes a polypeptide having 298 amino acid
      residues with a Mr of 32,587, a finding consistent with the Mr 36,000 estimate
      for the in vitro translation product of the G mRNA. This suggests that greater
      than 50% of the molecular weight of the mature glycoprotein may be contributed by
      carbohydrate. Glycosylation of G is largely resistant to tunicamycin, an
      inhibitor of the attachment of N-linked oligosaccharides, suggesting that the
      majority of the carbohydrate residues are attached via O-glycosidic bonds. In
      accordance with this, serine and threonine residues, the acceptor sites for O
      linked oligosaccharides, comprise 30.6% of the total amino acid composition.
      There are also four potential acceptor sites for N-linked oligosaccharides. The
      amino acid sequence lacks both an NH2-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence and a
      COOH-terminal hydrophobic region. Instead, a strongly hydrophobic region is
      located between amino acid residues 38 and 66. This region may serve as both the
      signal to insert the nascent polypeptide through the membrane and as the membrane
      anchor site.

PMID- 3858866
TI  - Significance of similarities in patterns: an application to beta interferon
      related DNA on human chromosome 2.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of a 14-kilobase (kb) region of the human beta interferon
      (IFN-beta)-related DNA locus on chromosome 2 (genomic DNA clone lambda B3) was
      determined and compared to that of the IFN-beta 1 gene by using the Sellers TT
      algorithm. This algorithm aligns segments of one sequence with similar segments
      in a second sequence. A strategy was developed for assessing the significance of
      similarities between DNA sequences based on a scheme that recognizes patterns or
      runs of identities within an alignment. The pattern score (II) thus obtained is
      an entropy-like measure. Numerically it is a reflection of the length of the
      second longest run of identity in an alignment plus a correction factor due to
      the other shorter identity runs in the alignment. When the IFN-beta 1 gene is
      compared to a random nucleotide sequence, the distribution of II scores in such
      comparisons fits a Gaussian function. This strategy has been used to identify
      seven segments along one strand of lambda B3 DNA that are related to segments in
      IFN-beta 1; these seven alignments have II scores greater than or equal to 3
      standard deviations above the mean score obtained in comparisons between IFN-beta
      1 and random nucleotide sequences. One of these alignments (section 7) has a II
      score 8.02 standard deviations above this mean score. The likelihood of finding
      an alignment statement as good as that in section 7 in a random sequence the
      length of the human genome is approximately 10(-7). Furthermore, the lambda B3
      DNA sequence in section 7 selects the human IFN-beta 1 gene as the most
      significant alignment in computer searches of mammalian nucleotide sequence data
      bases.

PMID- 3858867
TI  - Identification of an IgE-binding protein by molecular cloning.
AB  - The synthesis and function of IgE are dependent on IgE-binding proteins, which
      include cell surface IgE receptors and IgE-binding lymphokines. To further our
      understanding of the IgE system, we have engaged in the molecular cloning of
      genes for some of these proteins. In studying the in vitro translation products
      of mRNA from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells, we have identified a Mr 31,000
      polypeptide that binds IgE and is also reactive with antibodies to proteins
      affinity-purified from RBL cells with IgE immunoadsorbent. For the molecular
      cloning, double-stranded cDNA was synthesized from sucrose gradient-fractionated
      RBL mRNA, inserted into plasmid pBR322, and used to transform Escherichia coli.
      By screening transformants with a hybridization-selection/in vitro translation
      procedure, we identified one clone containing cDNA that hybridized to mRNA coding
      for a Mr 31,000 IgE-binding protein. The DNA sequence of this cloned cDNA (571
      base pairs) was determined and the amino acid sequence corresponding to part of
      the protein was deduced. In RNA blot analysis, the cDNA hybridized with a mRNA of
      1100 nucleotides found in RBL cells but absent in cells not expressing IgE
      receptors. This cloned cDNA most likely codes for the Mr 31,000 IgE-binding
      protein identified in RBL cells, which appears to be related to the IgE-binding
      phenotype of the cells and which may have a significant role in the IgE-mediated
      activation of basophils and mast cells.

PMID- 3858868
TI  - Interactions between acidic proteins and crystals: stereochemical requirements in
      biomineralization.
AB  - Acidic matrix macromolecules are intimately involved in biological crystal
      growth. In vitro experiments, in which crystals of calcium dicarboxylate salts
      were grown in the presence of aspartic acid-rich proteins, revealed a
      stereochemical property common to all the interacting faces. Calcite crystals are
      nucleated on stereochemically analogous faces when proteins are adsorbed onto a
      rigid substrate. The importance of this property in biomineralization is
      discussed.

PMID- 3858869
TI  - Direct measurement of lateral transport in membranes by using time-resolved
      spatial photometry.
AB  - Spatially resolving light detectors allow, with proper calibration, quantitative
      analysis of the variations in two-dimensional intensity distributions over time.
      An ultrasensitive microfluorometer was assembled by using as a detector a
      microchannel plate-intensified video camera. The camera was interfaced with a
      software-based digital video analysis system to digitize, average, and process
      images and to directly control the timing of the experiments to minimize exposure
      of the specimen to light. The detector system has been characterized to allow its
      use as a photometer. A major application has been to perform fluorescence
      recovery after photobleaching measurements by using the camera in place of a
      photomultiplier tube (video-FRAP) with the goal of detecting possible anisotropic
      diffusion or convective flow. Analysis of the data on macromolecular diffusion in
      homogenous aqueous glycol solutions yielded diffusion constants in agreement with
      previous measurements. Results on lipid probe diffusion in
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine multibilayers indicated that at temperatures above
      the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition diffusion is isotropic, and
      analysis of video-FRAP data yielded diffusion coefficients consistent with those
      measured previously by using spot photobleaching. However, lipid probes in these
      multibilayers held just below the main phase transition temperature exhibited
      markedly anisotropic diffusive fluxes when the bleaching beam was positioned
      proximate to domain boundaries in the P beta' phase. Lipid probes and lectin
      receptor complexes diffused isotropically in fibroblast surface membranes with
      little evidence for diffusion channeled parallel to stress fibers. A second
      application was to trace the time evolution of cell surface reactions such as
      patching. The feasibility of following, on the optical scale, the growth of
      individual receptor clusters induced by the ligand wheat germ agglutinin was
      demonstrated.

PMID- 3858870
TI  - Theoretical treatment of microtubules disappearing in solution.
AB  - The origin of the two-phase (cap, no cap) macroscopic kinetic model of the end of
      a microtubule is reviewed. The model is then applied to a new theoretical
      problem, namely, the Mitchison-Kirschner [Mitchison, T. & Kirschner, M. W. (1984)
      Nature (London) 312, 237-242] experiment in which aggregated microtubules in
      solution spontaneously decrease in number (shorten to disappearance) while the
      surviving microtubules increase in length. The model fits the experiments without
      difficulty.

PMID- 3858871
TI  - Type beta transforming growth factor/growth inhibitor stimulates entry of
      monolayer cultures of AKR-2B cells into S phase after a prolonged prereplicative
      interval.
AB  - Type beta transforming growth factor/growth inhibitor (TGF-beta/GI) is
      demonstrated to be a potent stimulator of DNA synthesis in AKR-2B mouse embryo
      cells with a prolonged (greater than 24 hr) prereplicative phase when compared
      with other growth factors (epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth
      factor, or fibroblast growth factor) that induce DNA synthesis 12-14 hr after
      stimulation. In addition, TGF-beta/GI inhibits the early peak of DNA synthesis
      produced by EGF and insulin before the later stimulatory effects of TGF-beta/GI
      become manifest. TGF-beta/GI induces a marked morphologic transformation in these
      cells prior to their entry into S phase. Like the other growth factors, TGF
      beta/GI stimulates an early increase in the rate of protein synthesis in AKR-2B
      cells and its stimulatory effect on DNA synthesis is enhanced by insulin. The
      data show that this molecule is a growth factor for certain mesenchymal cells in
      monolayer culture but only after a prereplicative phase that is significantly
      longer than that of other growth factors.

PMID- 3858872
TI  - Caenorhabditis elegans DNA that directs segregation in yeast cells.
AB  - We have isolated seven DNA fragments from Caenorhabditis elegans that enhance the
      mitotic segregation of autonomously replicating plasmids in the yeast
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These segregators, designated SEG1-SEG7, behave like
      isolated yeast chromosomes: they increase the stability and simultaneously lower
      the copy number of circular plasmids during mitotic growth in yeast. During
      meiosis, plasmids containing the C. elegans segregators show higher levels of
      precocious or aberrant disjunction than do plasmids bearing isolated yeast
      centromeres. Yet one of the segregators improved the meiotic segregation of the
      parental plasmid. We estimate that there may be as many as 30 segregator
      sequences in the C. elegans genome, a value that is consistent with the
      polycentric nature of C. elegans chromosomes. Five of the seven segregators are
      linked to sequences that are repeated in the worm genome, and four of these five
      segregators cross-hybridize. Other members of this family of repetitive DNA do
      not contain segregator function. Segregator sequences may prove useful for
      probing the structure of centromeres of both C. elegans and S. cerevisiae
      chromosomes.

PMID- 3858874
TI  - Molecular basis of mutations at the waxy locus of maize: correlation with the
      fine structure genetic map.
AB  - More than 40 mutant alleles of the waxy (Wx) locus of maize are available for
      molecular analysis. Previous studies have examined the nature of phenotypically
      unstable Wx mutant alleles caused by insertion of the maize transposable
      activator (Ac) and dissociation (Ds) elements. In this study we have used
      Southern blot analysis to characterize the locus in 22 strains harboring wx
      alleles with stable mutant phenotypes. Of these mutations, 17 are of spontaneous
      origin, 4 were induced by gamma rays, and 1 was induced by ethyl
      methanesulfonate. Of these 22 alleles, we find that 13 have either insertions or
      deletions within the Wx transcription unit. The insertions range in size from 150
      base pairs to 6.1 kilobases. For 4 of the 6 deletions identified, the two
      breakpoints are within the Wx gene. For 9 other alleles we can detect no obvious
      lesions within or around the transcription unit. Evidence is presented that the
      insertions and deletions result in the mutant phenotype and are not
      polymorphisms. This conclusion is based on two findings: (i) a survey of inbred
      lines revealed only a single instance of polymorphism within the transcription
      unit, whereas all of the lesions described alter the transcription unit; and (ii)
      there is an excellent correlation between the position of these lesions on the
      physical map and their relative position on a fine structure genetic map of the
      locus.

PMID- 3858873
TI  - Differences in mutagenic and recombinational DNA repair in enterobacteria.
AB  - The incidence of recombinational DNA repair and inducible mutagenic DNA repair
      has been examined in Escherichia coli and 11 related species of enterobacteria.
      Recombinational repair was found to be a common feature of the DNA repair
      repertoire of at least 6 genera of enterobacteria. This conclusion is based on
      observations of (i) damage-induced synthesis of RecA-like proteins, (ii)
      nucleotide hybridization between E. coli recA sequences and some chromosomal
      DNAs, and (iii) recA-negative complementation by plasmids showing SOS-inducible
      expression of truncated E. coli recA genes. The mechanism of DNA damage-induced
      gene expression is therefore sufficiently conserved to allow non-E. coli
      regulatory elements to govern expression of these cloned truncated E. coli recA
      genes. In contrast, the process of mutagenic repair, which uses umuC+ umuD+ gene
      products in E. coli, appeared less widespread. Little ultraviolet light-induced
      mutagenesis to rifampicin resistance was detected outside the genus Escherichia,
      and even within the genus induced mutagenesis was detected in only 3 out of 6
      species. Nucleotide hybridization showed that sequences like the E. coli umuCD+
      gene are not found in these poorly mutable organisms. Evolutionary questions
      raised by the sporadic incidence of inducible mutagenic repair are discussed.

PMID- 3858875
TI  - Evolutionary amplification of a pseudogene.
AB  - The family of mouse major urinary protein (MUP) genes has about 35 members,
      clustered together on chromosome 4. Most of the genes belong to two major
      subfamilies (group 1 and group 2) each with 12-15 members. Recently we showed
      that most of the group 1 and group 2 genes are arranged in pairs, each containing
      a group 1 and a group 2 gene in divergent transcriptional orientation, with 15
      kilobases of DNA between the two cap sites. Here we present the nucleotide
      sequence of the first exon of six group 1 genes and four group 2 genes. The data
      confirm the close relationship of the genes within each group and the
      considerable divergence of the two groups from each other. The four group 2 genes
      all carry the same nonsense mutation in codon 7 of the sequence that specifies
      the mature protein. Thus, not only do these genes have a common ancestor, but
      also it seems that their amplification followed the mutation of the ancestor to a
      pseudogene. Taking into account the 3' flanking regions of the two genes, the
      overall size of each gene-pair is about 45 kilobases. The sequencing data
      supports our earlier suggestion that this 45 kilobase domain is the unit of Mup
      amplification.

PMID- 3858876
TI  - Chemosensory recognition of mouse major histocompatibility types by another
      species.
AB  - Mice can recognize one another by individually characteristic body scents that
      reflect their genetic constitution at the extremely polymorphic major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC) of genes on chromosome 17. Reproductive
      behavioral manifestations of this sensory communication system include MHC
      related mating preferences and neuroendocrine responses that affect
      preimplantation pregnancy and arise from the MHC-related scent of alien males. We
      have shown previously that mice can be trained in a Y maze to distinguish the
      scents of urine of congeneic mice that differ genetically only at the MHC. By
      means of an automated olfactometer, we now show that rats also can similarly
      distinguish the urinary scents of MHC congeneic mice. Thus, the mode of
      individual recognition that depends on scents determined by MHC genes can operate
      across species barriers.

PMID- 3858877
TI  - Response of patients in classes III and IV of cardiomyopathy to therapy in a
      blind and crossover trial with coenzyme Q10.
AB  - Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a biochemically established redox component of respiration
      including the coupled mechanisms of electron transfer and oxidative
      phosphorylation, is naturally present in the human myocardium. A double-blind and
      double-crossover trial has been conducted by administering CoQ10 and a matching
      placebo orally to two groups of patients having class III or IV cardiomyopathy
      (classification according to criteria of the New York Heart Association). Group A
      received CoQ10 and then placebo; group B received placebo and then CoQ10. Blood
      levels of CoQ10 and cardiac function were determined at 0 and 4 weeks (control
      stabilization period) and at 16 and 28 weeks (after the 12-week CoQ/placebo
      treatment periods). For group A, significant increases in CoQ10 blood levels and
      cardiac function occurred during CoQ10 treatment and then decreased during
      crossover to placebo. For group B, there was no change in CoQ10 blood levels and
      cardiac function during placebo treatment, but increases in both parameters
      occurred in crossover to CoQ10. These patients, steadily worsening and expected
      to die within 2 years under conventional therapy, generally showed an
      extraordinary clinical improvement, indicating that CoQ10 therapy might extend
      the lives of such patients. This improvement could be due to correction of a
      myocardial deficiency of CoQ10 and to enhanced synthesis of CoQ10-requiring
      enzymes.

PMID- 3858878
TI  - Coronary thrombolysis with facilitated absorption of intramuscularly injected
      tissue-type plasminogen activator.
AB  - Conventional activators of the fibrinolytic system used for coronary thrombolysis
      entail unavoidable delay, risk of bleeding, or both in contrast to tissue-type
      plasminogen activator (t-PA). Because the potential benefit of coronary
      thrombolysis is inversely related to the duration of antecedent ischemia, this
      study was performed to develop an approach for facilitated absorption of
      intramuscularly injected t-PA potentially adaptable for prompt, self-medication.
      In rabbits, absorption was markedly potentiated by hydroxylamine hydrochloride
      and electrical stimulation at the injection site. Intramuscular administration of
      t-PA in doses of 1 mg/kg of body weight, comparable to amounts given
      intravenously to patients (0.5-0.75 mg/kg), elicited peak blood levels of 431 +/-
      52 (SEM) ng/ml 5 min after injection, well within the therapeutic range. In dogs,
      absorption facilitated by hydroxylamine promptly elicited angiographically
      documented coronary thrombolysis as well. The approach developed should
      ultimately permit prompt coronary thrombolysis and enhanced salvage of
      jeopardized ischemic myocardium in patients with life-threatening coronary
      thrombi.

PMID- 3858879
TI  - Failure to demonstrate pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells in mouse brains.
AB  - Hemopoietic stem cells as defined by the capacity to produce spleen colonies in
      lethally irradiated recipients were reported by P. F. Bartlett [(1982) Proc.
      Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 2722-2725] to be present in high frequencies in mouse
      brain. He also reported similar numbers of colony-forming units, spleen (CFU-s),
      in the brains of Wf/Wf mice, the bone marrow of which lacks detectable spleen
      colony-forming cells. To verify these observations, single cell suspensions were
      produced from murine brains by incubation with trypsin and DNase, followed by
      removal of myelin by Percoll gradient centrifugation. Two to 13 CFU-s were
      detected per brain. This low number suggested contamination of the brains by
      either blood or bone marrow leaking from the skull bones during dissection. When
      the isolated, intact brains were washed carefully in balanced salt solution, the
      recovered number of CFU-s decreased to 0.1-0.4 per brain. No CFU-s could be
      detected in the brains of W/Wv mice. It is concluded that the CFU-s observed by
      Bartlett in preparations of mouse brain did not originate from the brain tissue.

PMID- 3858881
TI  - Neurochemical basis for the photic control of circadian rhythms and seasonal
      reproductive cycles: role for acetylcholine.
AB  - A pharmacological approach was used to examine the role of acetylcholine in the
      photic control of circadian rhythms and seasonal reproductive cycles. The
      experimental protocol was designed to determine whether the administration of
      carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, could mimic the effects of brief light pulses
      on gonadal function and/or the circadian rhythm of wheel-running activity in
      golden hamsters. Intraventricular injections of carbachol, administered
      singularly at discrete phase points throughout the circadian cycle, induced phase
      dependent shifts in the free-running rhythm of activity similar to those caused
      by a brief light exposure. Injections of carbachol once every 23.33 hr for 9
      weeks entrained the activity rhythm and stimulated the neuroendocrine-gonadal
      axis in a manner similar to that observed after the presentation of 1-hr light
      pulses at this frequency. In contrast, the administration of carbachol once every
      24 hr did not consistently provide an entraining signal for the activity rhythm
      and did not stimulate reproductive function. Importantly, the effects of
      carbachol on the seasonal reproductive response were correlated with the timing
      of the injections relative to the activity rhythm. These findings suggest that
      acetylcholine may play an important role in the mechanism by which light
      regulates circadian rhythms and seasonal reproductive cycles.

PMID- 3858880
TI  - Regulation by vitamin D metabolites of messenger ribonucleic acid for
      preproparathyroid hormone in isolated bovine parathyroid cells.
AB  - We have recently determined that high calcium concentrations, in parallel with
      their suppressive effects on parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, reversibly and
      specifically decrease preproPTH mRNA in cultured bovine parathyroid cells. In
      order to determine whether vitamin D metabolites also regulate the content of
      preproPTH mRNA, we tested their effects on bovine parathyroid cells in the same
      culture system. Levels of preproPTH mRNA were determined by dot-blot
      hybridization or blot hybridization with a labeled cloned cDNA probe. Incubation
      with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol at doses varying from 10 pM to 0.1 microM
      caused a direct decrease in mRNA down to 50% of control values at 48 hr. There
      was no evidence that 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, even at the highest
      concentrations, had any toxic effects on cell number or viability or on total RNA
      or RNA synthesis. Levels of alpha-actin mRNA did not change in the same
      experiments, and the suppression of preproPTH mRNA was reversible. When the
      relative potency of various vitamin D metabolites in suppressing preproPTH mRNA
      was evaluated, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol greater than 24,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol greater than 25-hydroxycholecalciferol greater than
      vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). These effects were highly specific and suggest that
      vitamin D metabolites play an important role in regulating the production of PTH.

PMID- 3858882
TI  - Peptides from regenerating central nervous system promote specific populations of
      macroglia.
AB  - The regenerating central nervous system of goldfish contains peptides referred to
      as glia-promoting factors (GPFs) that stimulate the proliferation of mammalian
      macroglia. We find that, in vitro, GPF1 and GPF3 promote the appearance of
      oligodendroglia and GPF2 and GPF4 stimulate proliferation of astroglia. The
      activities of GPF1, GPF3, and GPF4 increase during regeneration of the goldfish
      visual system. These results suggest that brain peptides may play a role in the
      recovery of the injured central nervous system by regulating the growth and
      development of specific macroglial populations.

PMID- 3858885
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of postpulmonary administration of prostaglandin D2 in fetal
      animals.
AB  - Dose-response relationships in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), mean systemic
      arterial pressure (SAP), and heart rate (HR) to left atrial administration of
      prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) were determined in five fetal lambs. Fetuses were
      delivered by cesarean section from chloralose anesthetized ewes with the
      umbilical circulation maintained intact. Fetuses were prevented from breathing
      thus maintaining pulmonary vascular tone in the elevated fetal state. Blood was
      withdrawn from the inferior vena cava and pumped at constant flow into the lower
      left lobe of the fetal lung. Postpulmonary infusions of PGD2 brought about dose
      dependent decreases in pulmonary vascular resistance. Heart rate tended to
      increase in fetal lambs. Mean systemic arterial pressure increased in the fetal
      lambs at all doses tested except for the largest dose (44.14 micrograms/kg X
      min), which produced slight hypotension. These data demonstrate that exposure to
      the systemic circulation prior to entering the pulmonary vasculature does not
      alter the preferential dilator action of PGD2 on fetal pulmonary vessels nor does
      it produce significant systemic hypotension.

PMID- 3858884
TI  - A system for monocytic differentiation of leukemic cells HL 60 by a short
      exposure to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.
AB  - The human promyelocytic cell line HL 60 can be induced to differentiate toward
      more mature myeloid or monocytic forms by a variety of agents. This process is
      thought to require several days of exposure to the inducer, thus making it
      difficult to identify the early cellular changes which are fundamental to the
      differentiation program, and to relate the induction to phases of the cell cycle.
      In order to study the kinetics of leukemic cell differentiation we have developed
      a system for the induction of rapid monocytic maturation in a subpopulation of HL
      60 cells. The cells are exposed to 10(-7) M 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol for 4
      hr in serum-free medium. Subsequent incubation in a complete medium results in
      cellular differentiation recognizable by several criteria (phagocytosis,
      nonspecific esterase reaction, adherence to substratum, cell morphology)
      beginning at 10 hr from the exposure to the inducer. Approximately 20 hr later 30
      40% of the cells in culture show the differentiated phenotype and are capable of
      phagocytosis. The proportion of differentiated cells in culture decreases
      thereafter. This system has been utilized to study the expression of c-myc
      oncogene in relation to the kinetics of maturation, and it was found that the
      inhibition of the expression of this gene precedes the onset of phenotypic
      differentiation by approximately 8 hr, is transient, and is accompanied by a
      brief retardation of cell proliferation, which resumes the normal rate within 24
      hr of the exposure to the inducer.

PMID- 3858883
TI  - Sequence and expression of the rat prodynorphin gene.
AB  - We report here the isolation of a lambda genomic clone that contains the
      nucleotide sequence coding for the main exon of the rat prodynorphin
      (proenkephalin B) gene. This exon codes for the majority of the translated region
      of prodynorphin mRNA including the opioid peptides alpha-neo-endorphin, dynorphin
      A, and dynorphin B. The entire 3' untranslated region is also contained on the
      lambda clone. Nucleotide sequence comparison with the main exon of the human
      prodynorphin gene reveals both structural and sequence homology. RNA blot
      analysis reveals that prodynorphin transcripts can be seen in numerous regions of
      the rat brain and in the adrenal gland, spinal cord, testis, and anterior
      pituitary.

PMID- 3858886
TI  - The influence of denervation and nerve growth factor on dorsal root axonal
      sprouting.

PMID- 3858887
TI  - An unexpected potent positive chronotropic effect of (15S)-15-methyl
      prostaglandin E1 in the isolated guinea-pig right atria.
AB  - The effects of (15S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin E1, a synthetic analog of PGE1,
      other stable prostaglandins, histamine and noradrenaline were studied on the
      isolated spontaneously beating right atria from guinea-pig, rat and rabbit. When
      compared with other prostaglandins, histamine and noradrenaline, 15-methyl analog
      of PGE1 has the most potent positive chronotropic effect and the highest affinity
      as indicated by a significantly higher pD2 value as compared to other tested
      analogs in the isolated guinea-pig right atria. Neither the 15-methyl analog of
      PGE1 nor other stable prostaglandins induced any effect on the atria from rat and
      rabbit when relatively higher concentrations were used. 15-Methyl-PGE1 did not
      induce a positive inotropic effect. The maximum positive chronotropic response to
      15-methyl-PGE1 was found to be about 60% of that of noradrenaline and histamine
      but almost equal to that of PGE1. These results were taken as evidence that 15
      methyl-PGE1 has an unexpected potent positive chronotropic effect on the isolated
      spontaneously beating guinea-pig right atrium. The possible mechanism of the
      action of 15-methyl-PGE1 are discussed.

PMID- 3858888
TI  - Generation of prostaglandin E2-like radioimmunoreactive material in human plasma
      during storage at -20 C but not at -80 C.
AB  - Concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as determined by radioimmunoassay
      following silicic-acid column chromatography in extracted samples (n = 5) of
      human plasma (Na2EDTA: 18 mg/5 ml blood; indomethacin: 1mg/5 ml blood) were less
      than 1.0 pg/ml when the samples were extracted immediately after blood
      withdrawal. Virtually identical concentrations of PGE2 were determined in samples
      stored at -80 degrees C for up to 6 months. However, when the same analytical
      procedures were used after prolonged storage of the plasma samples at -20 degrees
      C an apparent rise in the estimated plasma concentrations of PGE2 up to 5.1 +/-
      1.9 pg/ml (3 months) and to 25.2 +/- 7.8 pg/ml, (6 months) was observed. Repeated
      freezing and rethawing of 4 plasma samples within 48 hours after blood withdrawal
      did not influence concentrations of PGE2 thus excluding acute destruction of
      residual platelets as the cause of the observed time-dependent rise in
      radioimmunologically determined 'PGE2'. Two plasma samples stored at -20 degrees
      C for 26 months were subjected to HPLC subsequent to silicic acid column
      chromatography. Radioimmunoassay of PGE2 performed for each eluted fraction
      resulted in 3 distinct peaks of "PGE2"-like activity, suggesting heterogeneity of
      cross-reacting compounds generated during prolonged storage at -20 degrees C. In
      conclusion, to determine concentrations of PGE2 in human plasma by means of
      radioimmunoassay the samples should either be extracted immediately after blood
      withdrawal or be kept at -80 degrees C.

PMID- 3858889
TI  - Leiomyomas release prostaglandins.
AB  - Prostaglandin release by leiomyomas obtained throughout the menstrual cycle was
      examined using a superfusion technique. The principal prostaglandin produced was
      6-keto-PGF1 alpha, with PGF2 alpha and PGE2 in lesser amounts. No cyclical
      changes in prostaglandin release was detected.

PMID- 3858890
TI  - The development and application of a direct radioimmunoassay for prostaglandin E2
      utilising a gamma-labelled ligand.
AB  - A direct radioimmunoassay for urinary PGE2 has been developed, using a Pasteur
      Institute antibody and a gamma-labelled ligand. The assay does not require
      preliminary solvent extraction of the sample or any chromatographic steps. Gamma
      labelled PGE2 of high specific activity was prepared by direct iodination of a
      PGE2-histamine derivative. Results obtained by the direct assay after serial
      dilution of urine samples were parallel to the standard curve. Accuracy of the
      method was determined by the recovery of added amounts of PGE2 to diluted urine
      (r = 0.094, y = 1.039x-0.535, n = 20). The lowest concentration of PGE2
      distinguishable from zero was 0.063 pg/ml. The assay curve covered the range of
      0.063-500 pg/ml. The assay was desensitized by increasing the concentration of
      both label and antiserum to obtain a curve covering the range of 2-1250 pg/ml.
      Intra-assay and interassay coefficient of variation were 8.6% and 12.5%
      respectively. Values obtained by the direct method were lower than those obtained
      by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (r = 0.43, y = 1.57x-3.52, n = 12) and by
      radioimmunoassay using 3H-PGE2 (r = 0.76, y = 0.93x+2.87, n = 12). Antibodies to
      PGE2 were produced in rabbits immunised with a conjugate of PGE2 covalently
      linked to thyroglobulin by carbodiimide reaction. The method was used to study
      the effect of urine flow and sodium intake on PGE2 excretion levels in normal
      volunteers. PGE2 excretion was flow dependent but did not vary with sodium
      excretion.

PMID- 3858891
TI  - The effect of stress on the dexamethasone suppression test.
AB  - The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was studied in 40 presurgical subjects
      and 20 controls. Cortisol plasma concentrations were measured before and after a
      nocturnal dose of 1 mg dexamethasone. Nineteen of the 40 patients (47.5%) failed
      to show a suppression of plasma cortisol after dexamethasone. Nonsuppression on
      the DST was associated with a significantly higher baseline plasma cortisol
      concentration. Another putative indicator of emotional stress, the level of acute
      anxiety, was also studied. There was a significant difference in the level of
      acute anxiety among suppressors, nonsuppressors, and controls--the level of
      anxiety in nonsuppressors being significantly higher than in controls. It is
      concluded that stress associated with a physical danger can be a cause of
      nonsuppression on the DST.

PMID- 3858892
TI  - The research diagnostic criteria for endogenous depression and the dexamethasone
      suppression test: a discriminant function analysis.
AB  - Most studies examining the validity of the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for
      endogenous depression have been negative. RDC endogenous subtyping is not
      associated with short- or long-term treatment outcome, family history of
      affective disorder, or premorbid personality disorder. Studies examining its
      relationship to the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) are mixed; half report a
      significant association, and half do not. The RDC endogenous diagnosis may lack
      validity either because the criteria do not represent, or are not specific to,
      the endogenous subtype, or the diagnostic algorithm is inappropriate. In the
      present study, we conduct a discriminant function analysis on the 10 criteria for
      the endogenous subtype using DST results as the independent variable. We
      constructed a new diagnostic algorithm and cross-validated it on a second patient
      sample. In both samples the discriminant function classification was
      significantly associated with DST results, whereas the RDC algorithm was not.

PMID- 3858893
TI  - Effect of weekly testing on dexamethasone suppression test results in normal
      subjects.
AB  - Four weekly repetitions of the overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in
      each of 10 healthy volunteers yielded plasma cortisol levels that were
      consistently suppressed. These results suggest that unlike some dynamic tests of
      hypothalamic-pituitary functioning, the DST does not produce false-positive
      results due to weekly repetition. This finding is of interest because previous
      research has demonstrated that a subgroup of melancholic initial nonsuppressors
      continue to resist cortisol suppression despite apparent clinical improvement.
      The present findings do not support the hypothesis that continued nonsuppression
      in clinically improved patients is an artifact of serial testing.

PMID- 3858894
TI  - Diagnostic heterogeneity and the DST in consecutive psychiatric admissions.
AB  - There is uncertainty about the clinical usefulness of the dexamethasone
      suppression test (DST). It is also unclear whether there are advantages to a 1-mg
      or 2-mg DST. Eighty-three consecutive psychiatric inpatients were randomly given
      a 1-mg or 2-mg DST within the first week of admission. Sensitivity, specificity,
      and diagnostic confidence are reported for this group, and also in combination
      with those for 119 semi-consecutive psychiatric admissions. Although rates of
      nonsuppression were consistently higher in patients with affective disorders than
      in patients with other diagnoses, the diagnostic confidence of the DST for major
      depression in a diverse and unselected patient population was not greater than
      the prevalence of the disorder. The DST does not appear to be useful for clinical
      diagnostic decision-making. Nonetheless, the DST may still be an important
      biological marker in neuroendocrine psychiatric research.

PMID- 3858895
TI  - The cortisol response to desipramine in endogenous depressives and normal
      controls: preliminary findings.
AB  - Plasma cortisol levels were monitored for 2 hours after an intramuscular
      injection of 75 mg desipramine in 13 endogenous depressives and 20 normal
      controls. Endogenous depressives had a significantly reduced cortisol response in
      comparison to normal controls, not explained by sex, age, or baseline cortisol
      differences between groups. A lack of a cortisol rise of 1.5 micrograms/dl above
      baseline by 45 minutes discriminated best, with 7 of 13 depressives (55%) being
      identified in contrast to only 1 of 20 normals (5%). The results suggest that
      this may be a useful biological test with acceptable sensitivity (55%) and
      excellent specificity (95%). Furthermore, these data suggest that norepinephrine
      may be stimulatory to cortisol in man.

PMID- 3858896
TI  - Lateral ventricular enlargement and clinical response in schizophrenia.
AB  - The relationship between enlargement of the lateral ventricles in the brains of
      schizophrenic patients and clinical response to neuroleptic treatment, as
      assessed by the ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) and psychopathology scores, was
      studied in a sample of 39 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective
      psychosis during a drug-free washout and after 3 1/2 weeks of treatment with
      either haloperidol or thioridazine. There was a weak, but statistically
      significant positive relationship between VBR and improvement on BPRS Psychosis
      factor scores after 3 1/2 weeks of treatment, and a negative correlation between
      VBR and baseline (washout) scores on the BPRS Anergia factor. Patients with
      enlarged VBRs, as defined by two criteria, also tended to show a better response
      to neuroleptics than patients below these criterion values.

PMID- 3858897
TI  - Characteristics of family background in bulimia.
AB  - 21 women consulting for bulimia were followed in individual psychotherapy and
      assessed for family background characteristics. Two sets of data are reported:
      objective data concerning the incidence of 'broken homes', i.e., with a history
      of separation or divorce or death of parents; subjective data concerning the
      image of the family and the identifications which are worked through in
      psychotherapy. Among our 25 bulimic patients, 13 patients came from 'broken
      homes' in which, in 9 cases, separations were so radical that it was impossible
      to maintain relationships with both parents; 12 patients came from close-knit
      families which in 6 cases were actually 'closed families' hiding massive internal
      tensions. The proportion of broken homes is significantly higher than in a
      population of 25 overweight patients without bulimia also undergoing individual
      psychotherapy. There exists a sharp discrepancy between the actual family
      failings and the wish of patients to maintain their 'family unit' fantasy. The
      hypothesis is made that the occurrence of bulimia may be related to the
      combination of a history of violent separations (or threats of violent
      separation) in the family, and the endless denial of these separations.

PMID- 3858898
TI  - [Clinical, radiology, and histology of a TPS-screw prosthesis. III: Histology].

PMID- 3858899
TI  - [A new measurement method for determination of the vertical jaw dimension].

PMID- 3858900
TI  - [The modified Gerber articulator].

PMID- 3858901
TI  - [New position in periodontology (I)].

PMID- 3858902
TI  - [Interpretation of radiographs].

PMID- 3858903
TI  - [Criteria for selection of office computers (II)].

PMID- 3858904
TI  - [Office hygiene--current status].

PMID- 3858905
TI  - [In vitro study of the cariostatic effect of Merfluan toothpaste].

PMID- 3858906
TI  - [Telephone recall. (Report of further learning program for dental assistants].

PMID- 3858908
TI  - [Tips for purchasing supplies].

PMID- 3858907
TI  - [Tooth gaps often result from information gaps. Advice to mothers ..."from the
      first deciduous tooth on"].

PMID- 3858909
TI  - [Thermo-disinfection--a real help in the office].

PMID- 3858910
TI  - [Why children should still be inoculated].

PMID- 3858911
TI  - Effects of DOM and DMT in a proposed animal model of hallucinogenic activity.
AB  - A previously proposed animal model of lysergic acid diethylamide's (LSD) effects
      in humans was tested for its applicability to other hallucinogens, 2,5-dimethoxy
      4-methyl amphetamine (DOM) and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Both "free" and
      "forced" exploration tests in a behavioral pattern monitor were used to determine
      the effects of these hallucinogens on the normal tendencies of rats to avoid
      novel and central areas, respectively. The effects of DOM (0.3-1.0 mg/kg) were
      quite similar to those previously reported for LSD. Specifically, DOM reduced
      crossovers, holepokes, and rearings when rats were tested in a novel environment.
      In a familiar environment, only rearing activity was reduced with minimal effect
      on ambulation. Like LSD, entries into the central area were reduced in both
      situations. DOM also produced a dose-dependent reduction of entries into the
      novel chamber in a free exploration test. Pretreatment with the serotonin (5-HT)
      antagonist cyproheptadine (1.0 mg/kg), which does not block the psychological
      effects of hallucinogens in humans, selectively blocked DOM's reduction of
      rearings without altering DOM's reduction of center entries, crossovers, or
      holepokes. Like LSD and DOM, DMT (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg) produced a selective
      reduction of entries into the center region when rats were forced to explore a
      novel holeboard chamber. All three doses also selectively reduced holepoke
      responses without affecting crossovers or rearings. In conclusion, enhanced
      avoidance of novel and central areas appears to be a valid indicator of
      hallucinogenic activity since LSD, DMT, and DOM all share this property.
      Conversely, the reduction of rearings produced by LSD and DOM is not a suitable
      model behavior since the effect is not produced by DMT and cyproheptadine is
      capable of selectively blocking this effect.

PMID- 3858912
TI  - Bronchodilatory properties of 2-decarboxy-2-hydroxymethyl prostaglandin E1.
AB  - We evaluated in a double-blind study the bronchodilatory properties of 2
      decarboxy-2-hydroxymethyl prostaglandin E1 (PGE1-carbinol), described recently as
      a nonirritant bronchodilator in animals. Fifteen asthmatic patients received by
      inhalation single doses of 1, 10, and 30 micrograms PGE1-carbinol, 55 micrograms
      PGE2, and placebo (10% ethanol in normal saline, which was also used as diluent
      for the PGs). Such pulmonary function tests as forced expiratory volume in 1
      second, forced vital capacity, and maximal expiratory flow were monitored during
      2 hours following inhalation of each compound. 10 and 30 micrograms PGE1-carbinol
      produced significant but short-acting bronchodilation, similar to that caused by
      55 micrograms PGE2. One-third of the patients reported mild cough and throat
      irritation during and shortly after inhalation of 30 micrograms PGE1-carbinol or
      55 micrograms PGE2. Placebo and 1 microgram PGE1-carbinol produced minimal side
      effects, but neither agent caused bronchodilation. In an adjunctive, unblinded
      trial, the same patients received 400 micrograms fenoterol. Fenoterol caused
      greater bronchodilation 15 and 30 minutes after inhalation than did the PGs in
      the double-blind study.

PMID- 3858913
TI  - Nonprotein sulfhydryls as possible components of the protective effect of
      rosaprostol on the rat gastric mucosa.
AB  - Experiments were designed to examine the possibility that nonprotein sulfhydryl
      groups of the gastric mucosa could participate in the protection of rat gastric
      mucosa by rosaprostol (the Na salt of 9-hydroxy-8,12 trans-19,20-bis-nor
      prostanoic acid). Gastric mucosal lesions and the content of nonprotein
      sulfhydryls were evaluated after orally administered absolute ethanol.
      Pretreatment with rosaprostol by gavage prevented gastric lesions and reduced or
      prevented the decrease of mucosal nonprotein thiols. N-ethylmaleimide, a
      sulfhydryl blocker, worsened the ethanol-induced gastric lesions and lowered
      further the non protein thiols. Both variables were improved by the PG analogue
      and by PGE2. These results suggest a possible role of endogenous nonprotein
      sulfhydryl groups in the gastric protective effect of rosaprostol.

PMID- 3858914
TI  - Gastroduodenal ulceration in rabbits producing antibodies to prostaglandins.
AB  - The consistent occurrence of gastric and duodenal ulcers was observed in
      laboratory rabbits used for production of high-titer plasma antibody to 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha and PGE2. Perforations developed in 7 of 10 animals, usually just
      distal to the pyloroduodenal junction. The remaining rabbits showed gross and/or
      microscopic evidence of imperforate ulcers and erosions. These lesions appeared
      to be direct pathologic complications of an immune response directed against
      prostaglandins since animals immunized against met-enkephalin with similar
      methods had no ulcers.

PMID- 3858915
TI  - The construction of nasal septal obturators.

PMID- 3858916
TI  - Prosthetic management of electrical burns to the oral commissure.

PMID- 3858917
TI  - Early experiences with high palladium dental ceramic alloys.

PMID- 3858918
TI  - A comprehensive orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment plan.

PMID- 3858919
TI  - Centric relation and occlusion in full mouth reconstruction.

PMID- 3858920
TI  - Office and automation in the dental laboratory.

PMID- 3858921
TI  - Hospital-based dentistry with Bradley Seto, D.D.S., and Sean Avera, C.D.T.

PMID- 3858922
TI  - Legal and regulatory considerations in environmental biotechnology applications.

PMID- 3858923
TI  - Proposed addition of prohibited experiments to the NIH guidelines.

PMID- 3858924
TI  - Congressional hearing on the adequacy of current statutes and scientific
      knowledge for the regulation of biotechnology.

PMID- 3858925
TI  - Distribution and vasomotor effects of peptide HI (PHI) in feline cerebral blood
      vessels in vitro and in situ.
AB  - Peptide HI (PHI)-immunoreactive nerve fibres were numerous around cerebral blood
      vessels of the cat. The number and distribution resemble that previously found
      for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), a peptide with which PHI co-exists
      in pial arteries, at least in some segments. PHI and VIP elicit dilatation in a
      concentration-dependent manner in isolated middle cerebral arteries; the maximum
      effects were similar but VIP was considerably more potent. Neither effect was
      blocked by atropine, cimetidine or propranolol, confirming an action at a non
      adrenergic, non-cholinergic site. In chloralose-anaesthetized cats PHI and VIP
      elicited concentration-dependent dilatations; the magnitude of responses was
      similar, however, considerably more PHI was necessary to elicit the same response
      as that of VIP. The results suggest that though both peptides are co-localized
      and may act at the same receptor, VIP is a more likely candidate for eliciting
      dilatation during physiological conditions.

PMID- 3858926
TI  - Relation between 67Ga uptake and the stage of inflammation induced by turpentine
      oil in rats.
AB  - For the establishment of the experimental system to judge easily the effect of
      anti-inflammatory drug, 67Ga-citrate was used. The weight of granuloma tissues
      induced by inflammable agent, turpentine oil, gradually increased and reached a
      maximum at 6 days after the administration of turpentine oil. Gallium-67
      accumulation in the inflammatory lesions showed also a maximum at 6 days after
      that. Both patterns were closely similar each other. These results showed that
      the processes and/or stages of inflammation could be indicated by the pattern of
      67Ga uptake.

PMID- 3858928
TI  - [Filariasis of the Loa loa type].

PMID- 3858927
TI  - [Sensitivity of 6 genetic markers for the identification of illegitimacy in
      Mexico City].

PMID- 3858929
TI  - [Acute leukemia secondary to the treatment of multiple sclerosis with
      chlorambucil].
AB  - A new case is reported here of acute myeloid leukemia after chlorambucil therapy
      for multiple sclerosis. This is the sixth case seen at our institution during the
      period 1978 to 1984. The leukemogenic potential of the immunosuppressive
      cytotoxic drugs in patients with multiple sclerosis is emphasized.

PMID- 3858930
TI  - [Dural venous sinus occlusions in hemopathies].
AB  - Four men and four women, aged 16 to 43, developed dural sinus thrombosis, five
      patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (L.A.L.) and three with non Hodgkin
      malignant lymphoma (N.H.M.L.). All the cases of L.A.L. were F.A.B.-2 subtype
      without any unusual hematological features. In 6 cases, the disorders occurred
      during the phase of therapeutical induction (E.O.R.T.C.-A.L.L.-H.R. protocol) at
      D5, D10, D15, D26, D30, D38, and in 2 cases during maintenance after a period of
      remission. All patients had received Vincristine and Prednisone, intrathecal
      Methotrexate in 5 cases, encephalic irradiation in 3 cases and L-Asparaginase in
      one case. Three women were taking contraceptive drugs. The neurological symptoms
      and signs were headache due to intracranial hypertension in 6 cases, Grand Mal
      seizures in 5 cases, focal seizures in 2 cases, a regressive hemiparesis in 4
      cases, stupor in 3 cases. CT scan was abnormal in 4 cases, displaying oedema in 3
      cases and an hemorrhagic infarction in 1 case. Angiography showed in all cases
      occlusion of the superior sagittal sinus in 7 cases and of the transverse sinus
      on 1 case. Six patients received anticoagulant therapy. Outcome was fatal in 3
      cases: in 2 cases of L.A.L., the condition worsened rapidly after the onset and
      death was related to a tentorial herniation; in 1 case of N.H.M.L. death resulted
      from an intercurrent infection.

PMID- 3858931
TI  - A technique for creating soft tissue models.

PMID- 3858932
TI  - Code word for computers in the dental laboratory--'change'.

PMID- 3858933
TI  - Question: getting ready to buy a computer? Stop! Look! and Listen!

PMID- 3858934
TI  - Can you afford a computer for your dental lab?

PMID- 3858935
TI  - You have a personal computer in your laboratory now .. how do you like it?

PMID- 3858936
TI  - CDT today: what is the comprehensive examination?

PMID- 3858938
TI  - Veneering teeth with resin.

PMID- 3858937
TI  - The psychology of color.

PMID- 3858939
TI  - CDT today: who writes the tests?

PMID- 3858940
TI  - Should we shrink the health care system?

PMID- 3858941
TI  - A monocytic leukemoid reaction: a manifestation of preleukemia.

PMID- 3858942
TI  - Mechanical bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery.

PMID- 3858943
TI  - [Therapeutic contribution of recently marketed antibiotics].

PMID- 3858944
TI  - [Rheumatoid polyarthritis, Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome and chronic myeloid
      leukemia. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Two cases of rheumatoid arthritis with Sjogren's syndrome are reported which
      developed chronic myelocytic leukemia. The relationships between these illnesses,
      rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren's syndrome on the one hand, and a
      myeloproliferative disorder on the other hand, are discussed, as well as the
      possible role of the treatment regimens (synoviorthesis with radio-isotopes in
      case number 1). The possibility that this association came about by pure
      coincidence can not be excluded due to the exceptional character of these
      illnesses.

PMID- 3858945
TI  - [The Pierre Marie-Sainton syndrome].
AB  - Pierre Marie and Sainton syndrome, or cleido-cranial dysostosis is characterised
      by a triad: clavicular aplasia, delayed ossification of the fontanelles and
      sutures of the vault of the skull and hereditary transmission. To these may be
      added multiple dental inclusions - hence its interest in stomatology. The authors
      described a familial hereditary case affecting mother and son, the former with an
      incomplete syndrome and the latter with the complete picture of major dysostosis.

PMID- 3858946
TI  - [Treatment of superior incisor gemination].
AB  - An 11 year old child presented to our department with an isolated abnormality of
      the left superior median incisor which was bigeminate. The existence of two
      distinct roots allowed the separation of 21 and 21 b with extraction of 21 b and
      preservation of 21, whose crown was reconstituted by means of a composite. There
      was a favourable outcome with conservation of the vitality of the tooth and no
      signs of ankylosis.

PMID- 3858947
TI  - [A technic for osteotomy of the malar bone].
AB  - On the basis of the results of osteotomy of the malar in malunion of facial
      fractures, the authors suggest the use of this operation in the correction of
      maxillary malformations including faulty development of the cheeks. Two cases are
      described.

PMID- 3858948
TI  - [Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome. Completed management is unrelated to the
      number of years].
AB  - The authors report a case of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (A.E.D.) or Christ
      Siemens-Touraine syndrome, which was completely edentated and fitted with
      prostheses at school age for two reasons: for nutritional reasons, as the child
      was unable to eat under normal physiological conditions; and for psychological
      and cosmetic reasons.

PMID- 3858949
TI  - [A case of bouton d'orient].
AB  - Oriental Sore is the dry cutaneous form of leishmaniasis, a parasitic infection
      common to man and to certain vertebrates and transmitted by insects: the
      phlebotomes. This benign tropical disease exists in South East France where it
      remains very rare, human contamination always being accidental. The lesions,
      single or multiple, affect the skin only. On the face, the differential diagnosis
      arises with other much commoner cutaneous lesions (impetigo, etc.). They consist,
      after 2 to 4 months of incubation, of a rounded erythematous papule, neither
      pruritic nor painful, which becomes secondarily excavated to produce a crusted
      ulcer. This lesion, typical at this stage, then persists for many months before
      an unsightly scar develops. Treatment is local: surgical excision offering the
      possibility of histological examination and hence a diagnosis. Plastic surgery
      may be used to correct scars in advanced forms.

PMID- 3858950
TI  - [The impacted canine. Review of 212 cases. General principles of treatment].
AB  - The authors have studied the localization, the functional and radiological signs,
      the complications, the etiologies and the treatment, according to 212 cases of
      impacted canines. The upper impacted canines are more frequent and women are more
      concerned, it can be unilateral as well as bilateral. If the mentioned etiologies
      are debatable and if the functional signs are poor, the complications are
      frequent: infectious, mechanical, tumorous or algesic. The therapeutic approach
      should primarily consider the evolutive potential of the tooth. As a matter of
      fact, before undergoing any surgical or any complicated surgical orthodontic
      treatment, the result of our study shows that the eventual absence of any
      ankylosis image has to be precised on successive profile headfilms taken with an
      interval of 6 to 12 months. If any evolution is seen, it would be enough to
      remove the mucous obstacle and then bring the tooth to a normal position by some
      mechanical means. In the adverse case, the prognosis won't be favorable and leads
      to either abstention or a dubious therapeutics.

PMID- 3858951
TI  - [Vulvovaginogingival syndrome. New characteristic grouping of plurimucous erosive
      lichen planus].
AB  - The triple association of a chronic painful erosive vulvitis, an erosive or
      desquamative vaginitis and an erosive vestibular gingivitis constitutes a
      hitherto unreported syndrome. The first 19 cases of this affection seen in the
      Hopital Tarnier over the last three years are presented and analyzed, the
      etiology of these erosive mucosal lesions, limited to three body regions, being
      lichen planus in each case. Detection of mucosal erosion at one of these three
      sites now requires clinical investigation of the other two, and biopsy of least
      one of them from the edge of an eroded zone, as well as search for other-possible
      mucocutaneous areas of lichen planus. Clinical onset is often asynchronous, one
      lesion appearing before the others, the simplest to recognize being gingival
      erosive lichen. In one case, however, peri-erosive lamellar detachments suggested
      chronic desquamative gingivitis of possible benign pemphigoid origin. Erosive
      lichen planus of vulva and vagina has not been reported previously. Knowledge of
      this syndrome allows correlation between lichen planus and certain cases of
      erosive gingivitis, erythroplastic vulvitis and desquamative vaginitis.

PMID- 3858952
TI  - [Computerized data collection and processing of graphic cephalometric data in
      dentomaxillofacial orthodontics].
AB  - The authors present a graphic program adapted to cartography for the acquisition
      and processing of graphic data from x-rays and graphics used in dento-maxillo
      facial orthopaedic cephalometry. They demonstrate the performance obtained in the
      automation of cephalometry, in the real-time edition of the results, in the
      processing of graphic images and the resulting alpha-numerical results.

PMID- 3858953
TI  - [The computer: practical application in dentomaxillofacial orthodontics].
AB  - We have proposed a system of data processing adapted to the specific conditions
      of dento-maxillo-facial orthopaedics. The volume of information storage and the
      need for their real-time processing have led to a system of multiple terminals
      separating the administrative aspects from the technical applications. The
      progress in computer material will rapidly lead to the disappearance of paper
      files and documents (impressions, teleradiography). A review of the literature
      confirms that there is no other equivalent system available at the present time.
      We are convinced by the computerized organisation.

PMID- 3858954
TI  - [Pathogenesis of infraclusions].
AB  - Any case of infraclusion should be considered to be a defect of the vertical
      adaptation of the dental system, i.e. as a local alveolar disturbance. Two types
      of pathogenesis can be proposed: an interposition between the dental arches of an
      obstacle which prevents the egression of the teeth and, the lesser known
      pathogenesis, the pressure exerted simultaneously on the vestibular and lingual
      surfaces of the incisors can, because of the oblique surface of contact, result
      in a system of forces which results in the arrest of dental eruption.

PMID- 3858955
TI  - [Incisor infraclusion and muscular behavior. Thumbsucking].
AB  - After defining incisor infraclusion, the author relates the cause to either
      anatomical muscular abnormalities or to abnormalities of function. He concludes
      that the second type can be easily improved when the cause is removed. He
      discusses the most common of these causes, thumb sucking, which can only
      disappear when the child reaches an age allowing him to overcome this habit. Any
      coercive, mechanical, physical or psychological treatment will only worsen or
      prolong this problem.

PMID- 3858956
TI  - [Anterior open bite: the role of the infra-alveolae in its diagnosis and
      treatment].
AB  - Anterior open-bites may be skeletal, alveolar or mixed. The infra-alveolae is
      always due to a postural or functional muscular cause and the clinical
      examination plays an important part in the diagnosis. Delaire's cephalometric
      analysis can define the type of infra-alveolae. In view of their aetiology, the
      infra-alveolae require functional re-education, although glossectomy and multiple
      bands therapy may also be useful.

PMID- 3858957
TI  - [The role of osteotomy in the treatment of incisor infraclusion in adults].
AB  - The author emphasises the need for aetiological diagnosis in incisor infra
      alveolisms. Treatment must take into account the cause of the deformity
      (interposition of the tongue) which must be corrected by rehabilitation, more
      often than by surgery. In the greatest number of cases, this type of deformity
      may disappear with simple rehabilitation. Wassmund osteotomy is reserved for
      failures of rehabilitation.

PMID- 3858958
TI  - [Management of incisor supraclusion].
AB  - The orthopaedic treatment of incisor supraclusion is possible by ingression of
      the superior incisors under both following conditions: the ingression to be
      obtained should not be superior to 8 mm, and there is a strong assumption that
      restitution of normal labial and lingual functions will be simultaneously
      obtained and especially a good labial competence in function and at rest. Dr
      Burstone's technique of incisor ingression uses an appliance operating only on
      the superior dental arch with light and constant forces which can be precisely
      adjusted. F.E.O. is only exceptionally required for maintenance of the posterior
      fixation.

PMID- 3858959
TI  - [Value and results of glossectomy in open bite].
AB  - Partial glossectomy is an important part of the treatment of a number of forms of
      apertognathia, provided it is performed wisely with a rigorous technique (i.e.
      with sufficient resection and adapted to the lesions produced by the
      macroglossia). It can obtain favourable and constant results.

PMID- 3858960
TI  - [Lingual vascular malformations, their consequences on the growth of the inferior
      facial plane. The integration of orthodontic embolization].
AB  - Lingual vascular malformations are usually benign, but have repercussions on the
      growth of the maxillo-mandibular unit in the child. The improvement in the
      vascular problems at puberty leads the authors to prefer a conservative form of
      treatment, hence the important role of embolization techniques. These techniques
      should be followed by the fitting of a lingual guide appliance, similar to the
      "mono-block" designed by Pierre Robin. This orthesis forces the child to modify
      incorrect movements due to the volume of the angiomatous tongue and gradually
      teaches him to automatize the new motor images created based on the dynamics of a
      virtually normal tongue, within the 6 months following embolization.

PMID- 3858961
TI  - Ups and downs for salivary IgA.
AB  - IgA levels in saliva differed 15-fold between different individuals. The
      correlation between IgA in repeated stimulated saliva samples was good in both a
      short and a 2-yr period. The correlation between resting and stimulated samples
      was low, in particular when output of IgA over time was considered. Physical
      exercise affected salivary protein concentrations and also percentage of IgA to
      protein. The elevated IgA levels in saliva at pregnancy were not accompanied by a
      similar change of IgA activity against specific bacteria.

PMID- 3858962
TI  - Multiangular viewing of dental enamel in the SEM: an apparatus for controlled
      mechanical specimen preparation.
AB  - An apparatus is described which can be used for controlled sectioning and
      grinding of tooth specimens to be studied in the SEM. Each specimen can be
      sectioned and ground along several planes. During the procedures the specimen
      remains fixed to a stub which after the final processing can be inserted directly
      into the scanning electron microscope.

PMID- 3858963
TI  - A scanning electron microscope study of the three-dimensional extent of Retzius
      lines in human dental enamel.
AB  - A method involving carefully planned sectioning and grinding of human maxillary
      first premolars, allowing enamel structure to be studied with the SEM in more
      than one plane at the same time, was employed to demonstrate the extent of
      Retzius lines within the confines of the three-dimensional enamel cap. It was
      found that the Retzius lines behaved as could be predicted by the theory stating
      that the striae represent one-dimensional cuts of two-dimensional, curved growth
      planes. Retzius lines in adjoining planes were continuous across the edge where
      the two planes met. In a supernumerary tooth, the surface of its hypoplastic
      tooth tip was continuous with distinct Retzius lines. The present observations
      provide for the first time direct morphologic verification of the supposed nature
      of Retzius lines, with reference to extent and continuity in three-dimensional
      space.

PMID- 3858964
TI  - Inactivation of guinea-pig serum proteinase inhibitors by Bacteroides gingivalis.
AB  - The activity of proteinase inhibitors of guinea-pig serum was evaluated by using
      trypsin as test enzyme. Strains of black-pigmented Bacteroides species were
      incubated with serum under anaerobic conditions. Strains of Bacteroides
      gingivalis inactivated the trypsin inhibitors of guinea-pig serum within 1 h,
      while the other strains reduced the activity of the trypsin inhibitors by less
      than 50% within 48 h. The inactivation of proteinase inhibitors of guinea-pig
      serum by B. gingivalis may be an important pathogenic mechanism in the spreading
      necrotic infections induced in guinea pigs by pure cultures of this species.

PMID- 3858965
TI  - Influence of antiseptic storage solutions on physical properties of endodontic
      guttapercha points.
AB  - The effect of three commonly used antiseptic storage solutions on some physical
      properties of endodontic guttapercha points was studied. The solutions tested
      were: 70% isopropyl alcohol, 5% chloramine and 0.5% chlorhexidine. As a control
      solution, physiologic saline was used. There was a marked decrease in the force
      necessary to bend the points after 1 month. With few exceptions, the greatest
      decrease was seen with solutions containing alcohol, i.e. chlorhexidine and
      isopropyl alcohol. The difference between aqueous and alcoholic storage solutions
      was also noted for linear dimensional changes. Physiologic saline and chloramine
      hardly affected the length of the points. The decrease in stiffness may add to
      the difficulties when handling guttapercha points of small dimensions in curved
      root canals. From this point of view it is therefore recommended to avoid storage
      of points in antibacterial solutions. Rather, an effective surface disinfecting
      of the points immediately prior to use would be desirable.

PMID- 3858966
TI  - In vivo measurement of bone mineral content of mandibles by dual-photon
      absorptiometry.
AB  - The purpose of this study was 1) to reveal the short- and long-term precision of
      noninvasive in vivo measurements of bone mineral content (BMC) in larger and
      smaller parts of mandibles and in forearm bones by a new two-dimensional dual
      photon attenuation system GT45; 2) to develop normal reference values and ranges
      for mandibular BMC in individuals between 20-40 yr of age without known systemic
      diseases and with normal oral state, (n = 56, F:M = 1:1), and 3) to relate
      mandibular BMC with forearm bone BMC, sex and age, by comparing BMC values of a
      well-defined normal old test group (n = 24, F:M = 1:1, 70-81 yr of age) with the
      normal reference values. The analyses indicated: 1) the in vivo short- and long
      term precision of the methods is high. 2) BMC of mandibles and forearm bones is
      significantly related to sex and age (P less than 0.01, and in mandibles of young
      females/males: P = 0.02). 3) BMC in mandibles and forearm bones is significantly
      correlated in both age groups (P less than 0.01) with relatively weak
      coefficients of correlation. GT45 may be used to follow BMC changes in mandibles
      in groups or single individuals after surgical treatment and to evaluate sex and
      age dependent BMC changes in mandibles and forearm bones.

PMID- 3858967
TI  - Accuracy at radiography and probing for the diagnosis of proximal caries.
AB  - In 63 teenagers the proximal surfaces of premolars to be extracted for
      orthodontic reasons and the adjacent surfaces of neighboring teeth, 598 surfaces
      in all, were examined radiographically and by probing. Direct inspection after
      extraction revealed that 51% of the surfaces had incipient carious lesions and 5%
      lesions with cavities. Of the surfaces with cavities 82.1% were correctly
      diagnosed radiographically if any radiolucency, regardless of its extent, was
      used as a diagnostic criterion. However, this yielded a false positive rate of
      19.6%. If only radiolucencies extending at least into the inner third of the
      enamel were called positive the true positive rate was 36.7% and the associated
      false positive rate 1.6%. At a 5% cavity frequency the predictive positive values
      were 17% and 53%, respectively. Probing yielded a true positive rate of about 29%
      and a false positive rate of 1.1% with a predictive positive value of 50-57%. All
      radiolucencies extending into the dentin were associated with cavities. When the
      most liberal radiographic criterion was used 37.5% of all carious lesions,
      whether associated with a cavity or not, were detected and 3.8% of sound surfaces
      were falsely called carious. The corresponding predictive positive value at the
      actual rate of incipient lesions and lesions with cavities was 92.6%.

PMID- 3858968
TI  - Symposium on plaque ecology and dental diseases. 23rd-26th August 1984, Oslo.

PMID- 3858969
TI  - Formation and ecology of plaque at different locations in the mouth.
AB  - Some recent findings concerning microbial colonization of smooth surfaces of
      teeth, gingival crevices, occlusal fissures and removable dentures are reviewed
      considering the many ecologic factors of importance for the oral microbial
      communities. The oral microbiota is extremely complex comprising at least 200
      taxa. In spite of interindividual and site-to-site variations, each oral habitat
      has a characteristic microbiota ranging from Gram-positive, facultatively
      anaerobic cocci and rods in occlusal fissures to predominance of Gram-negative,
      strictly anaerobic rods and spirochetes in deep periodontal pockets.

PMID- 3858970
TI  - A model for the statistical description of analytical errors occurring in
      clinical chemical laboratories with time.
AB  - The main purpose of the present study was to describe the statistical behaviour
      of daily analytical errors in the dimensions of place and time, providing a
      statistical basis for realistic estimates of the analytical error, and hence
      allowing the importance of the error and the relative contributions of its
      different sources to be re-evaluated. The observation material consists of
      creatinine and glucose results for control sera measured in daily routine quality
      control in five laboratories for a period of one year. The observation data were
      processed and computed by means of an automated data processing system. Graphic
      representations of time series of daily observations, as well as their means and
      dispersion limits when grouped over various time intervals, were investigated.
      For partition of the total variation several two-way analyses of variance were
      done with laboratory and various time classifications as factors. Pooled sets of
      observations were tested for normality of distribution and for consistency of
      variances, and the distribution characteristics of error variation in different
      categories of place and time were compared. Errors were found from the time
      series to vary typically between days. Due to irregular fluctuations in general
      and particular seasonal effects in creatinine, stable estimates of means or of
      dispersions for errors in individual laboratories could not be easily obtained
      over short periods of time but only from data sets pooled over long intervals
      (preferably at least one year). Pooled estimates of proportions of
      intralaboratory variation were relatively low (less than 33%) when the variation
      was pooled within days. However, when the variation was pooled over longer
      intervals this proportion increased considerably, even to a maximum of 89-98% (95
      98% in each method category) when an outlying laboratory in glucose was omitted,
      with a concomitant decrease in the interaction component (representing laboratory
      dependent variation with time). This indicates that a substantial part of the
      variation comes from intralaboratory variation with time rather than from
      constant interlaboratory differences. Normality and consistency of statistical
      distributions were best achieved in the long-term intralaboratory sets of the
      data, under which conditions the statistical estimates of error variability were
      also most characteristic of the individual laboratories rather than necessarily
      being similar to one another. Mixing of data from different laboratories may give
      heterogeneous and nonparametric distributions and hence is not
      advisable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3858971
TI  - Omeprazole. A survey of preclinical data.

PMID- 3858972
TI  - Acid inhibitory characteristics of omeprazole in man.
AB  - Single-dose studies in man have shown that omeprazole is a potent inhibitor of
      acid secretion stimulated by betazole, pentagastrin, modified sham-feeding and
      peptone. The degree of inhibition is dose-dependent and correlates to the area
      under the plasma omeprazole concentration-time curve. The duration of action of a
      single oral dose is 2-3 days and not dependent on a sustained plasma
      concentration of omeprazole. During repeated once-daily administration the level
      of acid inhibition increases over the first 5 days, after which it stabilises.
      With once-daily omeprazole treatment it is possible to almost abolish 24-hour
      intragastric acidity in the majority of DU patients.

PMID- 3858973
TI  - Development of an oral formulation of omeprazole.
AB  - Omeprazole has a low water solubility and is chemically labile in an acid
      environment. In the formulation of an oral dosage form of omeprazole the
      possibilities of dissolution rate limited absorption and preabsorption
      degradation must be kept in mind. A water suspension of omeprazole was tested in
      a pilot bioavailability study. The suspension was given to six healthy, fasting
      volunteers on two occasions--together with sodium bicarbonate solution and
      together with the same volume of water. When the suspension was given with water
      the bioavailability was reduced by about 50% owing to preabsorption degradation.
      In another bioavailability study the slowest of three granule formulations with
      differing in vitro dissolution rates showed a reduced extent of absorption. A
      controlled-release pellet formulation (enteric-coated) was formulated and tested
      in a series of bioavailability studies. A single dose given with food resulted in
      a delayed absorption and possibly lower bioavailability than under fasting
      conditions. When the granules were given on an empty stomach before the morning
      meal the length of time between dosage and meal was of no importance. Concomitant
      administration of a liquid antacid had no influence on the bioavailability of
      omeprazole.

PMID- 3858974
TI  - Structure activity relationships of substituted benzimidazoles.
AB  - The omeprazole molecule consists of three parts, a substituted pyridine ring, a
      substituted benzimidazole ring and CH2SO chain connecting the 2-positions of
      these ring systems. All three are essential for the antisecretory effect. In
      order to maintain a good effect the pyridine ring has to be substituted by alkyl
      or alkoxy groups, but not in the 6-position. The substituents in the
      benzimidazole ring are not that important, but substituents with strongly
      electron withdrawing groups such as NO2 or highly hydrophilic groups such as
      NHCOCH3 tend to give compounds with low antisecretory effects.

PMID- 3858975
TI  - Animal pharmacodynamics of omeprazole. A survey of its pharmacological properties
      in vivo.
AB  - In the present paper, a collection of experimental data is presented describing
      the pharmacological profile of omeprazole mainly in dogs and rats. Omeprazole
      potently inhibited gastric acid secretion in different experimental models. In
      the dog, for instance, omeprazole was 2-7 times more potent than cimetidine,
      depending on the route of administration, and in the rat the difference was even
      greater. Omeprazole was equally potent against different types of stimulation,
      whereas cimetidine was not, indicating differences in their mechanisms of action.
      In the dog, the duration of the antisecretory effect was long and lasted for 3-4
      days after a single maximal dose of omeprazole. The inhibitory effect after
      repeated, daily administration of submaximal doses therefore gradually increased
      and attained a steady-state level after five doses. Treatment up to one year with
      very high oral doses did not affect the duration of effect. During long-term
      treatment with high doses of omeprazole a 10-fold increase in meal-stimulated
      plasma gastrin levels was recorded. This was probably due to a nearly complete
      inhibition of acid secretion over 24 hours during the study. The gastrin values
      returned to control levels within eight days after the end of the treatment.
      Omeprazole was rapidly absorbed (peak plasma levels were reached within one hour)
      and the elimination half-life was approximately one hour. In the dog, the gastric
      antisecretory effect was related to the total dose and the area under the plasma
      concentration curve, whereas the peak level or the shape of the curve was of
      minor importance. Omeprazole, given orally to rats, dose-dependently prevented
      experimentally induced gastric lesions. Neither inhibition of acid secretion,
      stimulation of gastric bicarbonate secretion nor interference with the synthesis
      of endogenous prostaglandins seems to be of any great importance for the gastric
      protective effect of omeprazole. Omeprazole seems to be very specific in its
      gastric acid antisecretory and gastric protective actions since, apart from a
      decrease in the rate of gastric emptying found after very high oral doses in the
      rat, no other general pharmacological effects of omeprazole have been observed.
      Thus, omeprazole was devoid of histamine H2-receptor blocking properties, did not
      affect the intestinal transport rate, pancreatic secretion, autonomic control of
      the cardiovascular system or kidney excretion of hydrogen ions.

PMID- 3858976
TI  - Toxicological studies on omeprazole.
AB  - As part of the safety evaluation of the gastric antisecretory drug, omeprazole,
      toxicological studies have been performed in several species of animals. The
      acute toxicity after oral administration to rodents was low. The oral LD50 value
      was above 4 g/kg. The general toxicity after repeated administration has been
      studied in rats and dogs. No clinical signs of adverse reactions were seen. Some
      minor changes in hematology parameters were observed. In rats and mice decreases
      in the erythrocyte count, hematocrit and hemoglobin have occasionally been found
      at doses of 125 mumol/kg/day and more. Hyperplasia of oxyntic mucosal cells,
      concomitant with increases in stomach weight, oxyntic mucosal thickness and
      folding, has been observed in the species investigated, the dog, rat and mouse.
      In addition, slight chief cell atrophy and eosinophilia of the chief cell
      granules were observed in rats. The oxyntic mucosal effects were reversible upon
      treatment being discontinued. In the oncogenicity studies, gastric carcinoids
      occurred in the rat but not in the mouse. Investigations of the carcinoids showed
      that the vast majority of the endocrine cells could be characterised as ECL
      cells. The hyperplasia of oxyntic mucosal cells, including hyperplasia of
      endocrine ECL-cells and development of gastric carcinoids in rats, is
      attributable to the pronounced hypergastrinemia produced as a secondary effect of
      almost complete inhibition of acid secretion by the large doses of omeprazole
      used in the toxicity studies. In agreement with this hypothesis, the hyperplasia
      of the oxyntic cells was prevented by antrectomy. The reproduction studies
      performed in rats and rabbits showed no sign of fetal toxicity or teratogenic
      effect. The results of the short-term mutagenicity tests, Ames test, the
      micronucleus test in mice and the mouse lymphoma test were all negative.

PMID- 3858977
TI  - Determination of omeprazole and metabolites in plasma and urine.
AB  - Omeprazole and three of its metabolites, the sulfone (H 168/66), the sulfide (H
      168/22) and the hydroxy metabolite (H 195/80), are determined in plasma and urine
      by liquid chromatographic methods. The compounds are extracted from the
      biological sample and the extract is subjected to liquid chromatographic
      separation, either directly or after evaporation of the organic solvent and
      dissolution in a polar phase. The effluent from the column is UV-monitored at 302
      nm and the quantitative evaluation performed by electronic integrator. Both a
      method with manual sample work-up and automatic injection and a fully automated
      system, Technicon FAST-LC, have been employed for the analyses. More than 25 000
      samples have been assayed so far by these two methods.

PMID- 3858979
TI  - Localization of omeprazole and metabolites in the mouse.
AB  - Omeprazole is a substituted benzimidazole which blocks gastric acid secretion by
      inhibiting H+K+ATPase. Radioactive omeprazole was given intravenously or orally
      to mice, and the distribution of the drug was investigated at various intervals
      by scintillation counting and by autoradiography. The half-life for radioactivity
      in the stomach was 14 hours versus 30-36 hours in the liver, kidneys and blood.
      At 16 hours after the drug was given, the radioactivity in the stomach was ten
      times higher than that in the liver and kidneys, and 100 times that in the blood.
      Whole-body autoradiography showed sustained high levels of radioactivity only in
      the gastric mucosa. Light microscopic autoradiographic investigations of the
      gastric mucosa from mice killed 1 or 16 hours after the drug was given revealed
      radioactivity in the parietal cells. By electron microscopy of gastric mucosa
      from the mouse killed 16 hours after omeprazole injection the isotope label was
      found mainly over the secretory surface and the tubulo-vesicles. At these
      locations H+K+ATPase has previously been demonstrated, and it is suggested that
      omeprazole--or its metabolites--binds to this enzyme.

PMID- 3858978
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of omeprazole in animals and man--an overview.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of omeprazole have been studied to varying extent in the
      mouse, rat, dog and in man. The drug is rapidly absorbed in all these species.
      The systemic availability is relatively high in the dog and in man provided the
      drug is protected from acidic degradation in the stomach. In man the fraction of
      the oral dose reaching the systemic circulation was found to increase from an
      average of 40.3 to 58.2% when the dose was raised from 10 to 40 mg, suggesting
      some dose-dependency in this parameter. The drug distributes rapidly to extra
      vascular sites. The volume of distribution, V beta, in man is comparable to the
      volume of the extracellular water. The penetration into the red cells is low, the
      ratio between the concentration in whole blood and in plasma being about 0.6.
      Omeprazole is bound to about 95% to proteins in human plasma. The binding is
      lower in the dog and rat (90 and 87%, respectively). Omeprazole is eliminated
      almost completely by metabolism and no unchanged drug has been recovered in the
      urine in the species studied. Two metabolites, characterised as the sulfone and
      sulfide of omeprazole, have been identified and quantified in human plasma. The
      mean elimination half-life in man and in the dog is about 1 hour, whereas half
      lives in the range of 5 to 15 minutes have been recorded in the mouse. In two
      studies in man, the mean total body clearance was 880 and 1097 ml X min-1,
      indicating that omeprazole belongs to the group of high clearance drugs. In the
      dog, too, the drug appears to be rapidly cleared from the blood, the mean total
      body clearance being about 10.5 ml X min-1 X kg-1. In the rat and dog, 20 to 30%
      of an i.v. or oral dose of omeprazole is excreted as metabolites in the urine and
      the remaining fraction is recovered in the faeces within three days after the
      administration. In man, the excretion of radioactivity via the kidneys is much
      more efficient and the recoveries in the excreta are approximately the reverse of
      those in the rat and dog. In vitro studies with rat liver microsome preparations
      suggest that omeprazole and cimetidine inhibit cytochrome P-450-mediated
      metabolic reactions to about the same extent in equimolar concentrations.
      However, since the molar daily dose of cimetidine will be 25 to 50 times higher
      than that of omeprazole, the latter might have less influence on the mixed
      function oxidase system than cimetidine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3858980
TI  - Density distribution of chronic myeloid leukaemia and normal colony-forming cells
      in diffusion chambers (CFU-D) and agar (CFU-GM).
AB  - The density distribution in Percoll gradients of clonogenic cells forming
      colonies in diffusion chambers (CFU-D) or in agar culture (CFU-GM) was studied in
      chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). The density distribution of CFU-GM in CML was
      homogeneous with peaks within 1.058-1.061 g/ml, which is slightly lower than
      normal. CFU-D, on the other hand, showed heterogeneous distributions both in CML
      and in normal controls. Two separable populations of CFU-D were recognized, one
      with the same or lower density than CFU-GM that formed almost exclusively
      neutrophilic colonies in diffusion chambers, and a second population
      concentrating in the density range 1.068-1.075 g/ml which primarily formed
      macrophage colonies. The second population contained colony-forming cells derived
      from both Fc-receptor positive and Fc-receptor negative precursor cells,
      suggesting that at least some colonies in diffusion chambers arise from Fc
      receptor positive granulopoietic cells of intermediate maturity and/or monocytes.
      The concentration of CFU-D in peripheral blood was increased 40- to 100-fold in 2
      patients currently off treatment who had increased WBC counts.

PMID- 3858981
TI  - Myxoedema in a case of acute myeloid leukaemia.
AB  - A 42-year-old woman developed myxoedema during the course of acute myeloid
      leukaemia. The possible association with cytostatic treatment, especially
      thioguanine, and the role of levothyroxine for the growth of the leukaemic cell
      mass are discussed.

PMID- 3858982
TI  - Lactoferrin in plasma measured by an ELISA technique: evidence that plasma
      lactoferrin is an indicator of neutrophil turnover and bone marrow activity in
      acute leukaemia.
AB  - This study describes an ELISA technique with high specificity, sensitivity,
      accuracy and reproducibility for measurements of plasma lactoferrin. The
      detection limit was 0.001 microgram/ml and the median value obtained in EDTA
      plasma from 47 healthy adults was 0.100 microgram/ml (0.05 fractile: 0.046
      microgram/ml, 0.95 fractile: 0.257 microgram/ml). The lactoferrin concentration
      in serum was on the average 2 1/2 times higher than in plasma. The ambient
      temperature did not influence the plasma concentration during the first 6 h from
      blood sampling to separation of plasma from the cells. In 8 patients with
      untreated acute leukaemia plasma lactoferrin was positively correlated to the
      peripheral neutrophil count. An almost parallel course in plasma lactoferrin and
      peripheral neutrophil number was observed in 4 patients with AML during
      chemotherapy. In 2 patients achieving complete remission, plasma lactoferrin
      increased about 6 d before the concomitant increase in neutrophil count,
      suggesting plasma lactoferrin as an early predictor of bone marrow regeneration.

PMID- 3858983
TI  - Factors and inhibitors of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in acute
      nonlymphoblastic leukaemia.
AB  - Factors of coagulation and fibrinolysis have been evaluated in 15 patients with
      untreated acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia (ANLL). 10 patients had major bleeding
      (MB) and 6 had laboratory signs of DIC. 5 patients went into complete remission
      (CR). Antithrombin III (AT III) was decreased in 7 patients, antiplasmin (AP) in
      9, fibronectin (FN) in 6 and factor XIII in 4/12. The ratio between factor
      VIIIR:Ag and factor VIII:C was over 2.0 in 11 patients, and high values were
      especially seen in patients with MB and patients with DIC. Spontaneous
      proteolytic activity, measured with S-2288 was increased in 3 patients who all
      had MB, and none of whom achieved CR. 2 patients with promyelocytic leukaemia
      (M3) had low fibrinogen and AP, high FDP and normal AT III, speaking for primary
      fibrinolysis, which in addition to proteolytic enzymes in the blast cells are
      important contributing factors regarding MB in ANLL.

PMID- 3858984
TI  - Quantitation of H+-ions relating to packed erythrocytes in blood from the spleen
      and the inferior vena cava in rats.

PMID- 3858985
TI  - A method for quantitation of H+-ion activity relating to packed erythrocytes.

PMID- 3858986
TI  - Nuclear antigenic structures.

PMID- 3858987
TI  - Detection of nuclear antigens recognized by human autoantibodies.

PMID- 3858988
TI  - An investigation into the differential stability of Sm polypeptides using human
      and murine monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3858989
TI  - Anti-histones.

PMID- 3858990
TI  - [Meeting of the Swiss Society for Cardiology. Interlaken, 9-10 May 1985.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3858991
TI  - [53d annual meeting of the Swiss Society for Internal Medicine and annual
      congress of the Swiss Society for General Medicine. Interlaken, 10-11 May 1985.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3858992
TI  - [Meeting of the Swiss Society for Hematology. Interlaken, 9-10 May 1985.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3858993
TI  - [Endothelial pseudotumor (so-called pyogenic granuloma)--a report on 140 cases].

PMID- 3858994
TI  - [Mercury vapors in dental practice].

PMID- 3858995
TI  - [Caries prophylactic care in the Canton of Basel].

PMID- 3858996
TI  - [Statistical study of a long-term follow-up of root canal treatments in 194
      radiologically visible periapical lesions].

PMID- 3858997
TI  - [Surgical treatment of jaw cysts].

PMID- 3858998
TI  - [Little man--what now?].

PMID- 3858999
TI  - [Metastatic arthropathy of the temporomandibular joint].

PMID- 3859000
TI  - [Symptoms of mandibular dysfunction in children and young people with
      malocclusion].

PMID- 3859001
TI  - [Current questions of systemic and topical fluoride prophylaxis 2 years after the
      introduction of table salt with 250 mg f/kg].

PMID- 3859002
TI  - [Evaluation of the orthopantomogram in orthodontics].

PMID- 3859003
TI  - [Variations in the early development of sutures].

PMID- 3859004
TI  - Thirty year old caucasian waitress with persistent upper lobe infiltrate of two
      months duration.

PMID- 3859005
TI  - South Dakota physician location factors.

PMID- 3859006
TI  - Reflections on informed consent.

PMID- 3859007
TI  - Two cases of atypical digital vasospasm.

PMID- 3859008
TI  - Ruminations upon cerumen: dry vs wet; Indian vs Caucasian.

PMID- 3859009
TI  - Elderly man with obstructive jaundice of three to four months' duration.

PMID- 3859010
TI  - Comminuted fractures of the proximal surface of the tibia.

PMID- 3859011
TI  - Stimulation of bone resorption in vitro by synthetic transforming growth factor
      alpha.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that tumor-derived transforming
      growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is responsible for the increased bone resorption
      and hypercalcemia seen in some malignant diseases. Homogeneous synthetic TGF
      alpha prepared by the solid-phase synthesis method stimulated bone resorption
      directly in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. Incubation times of 72
      hours or more were required to stimulate resorption, which is similar to the time
      course of bone resorption by epidermal growth factor.

PMID- 3859012
TI  - Thyroid localization of Ga-67 citrate.

PMID- 3859014
TI  - [Morphological studies on the roots of Japanese mandibular second molars].

PMID- 3859013
TI  - [Clinico-pathological studies on medicaments used for vital pulp therapy, with
      special reference to a calcium hydroxide-camphorated para-monochlorophenol
      paste].

PMID- 3859015
TI  - [Histo-pathological studies of the healing process in the apical wounds of dog
      teeth].

PMID- 3859016
TI  - [Clinical studies of dental plaque and calculus and their relation to periodontal
      disease and dental caries in children].

PMID- 3859017
TI  - Oral malignancy: a regional incidence observed over a 13-year period.
AB  - In this study slightly more than two out of every 100 biopsy specimens from the
      set population of 10,414 specimens showed malignant oral lesions. The most common
      sites for oral malignancy were the floor of the mouth and the alveolar ridge,
      respectively. Lesions were most common during the fifth decade of life, followed
      by the sixth. Eighty-eight percent of the malignant lesions occurred in whites
      and 12% inn blacks. This does not deviate significantly from the percentage in
      the total biopsies reported. Of the categories of neoplasms, surface ectodermal
      neoplasms predominated, followed by salivary and mesenchymal lesions,
      respectively. There did not appear to be a significant difference in sex
      incidence.

PMID- 3859018
TI  - Successful treatment of gram-negative bacillary meningitis with
      imipenem/cilastatin.
AB  - A patient with meningitis caused by a strain of Actinetobacter anitratus that was
      resistant to all commercially available antibiotics was treated with
      imipenem/cilastatin administered intravenously in a dose of 1 gm of imipenem
      every six hours. The minimal inhibitory concentration of imipenem against the
      isolate was less than or equal to 0.04 micrograms/ml. The patient tolerated the
      drug well and was cured after 12 days of therapy.

PMID- 3859019
TI  - Multipotent mutator strain of mouse teratocarcinoma cells.
AB  - A mutator strain [AraCr (1.5)4], isolated from mutagenized cultures of
      multipotent mouse teratocarcinoma cells (embryonal carcinoma stem cells),
      exhibited a dNTP pool imbalance, with more than a 10-fold relative increase in
      the intracellular concentration of dCTP. The increase in the spontaneous rate of
      mutation for 6-thioguanine resistance was 3.6-fold and for ouabain resistance,
      7.9-fold. Normalization of the dCTP/dTTP ratio by addition of thymidine and
      deoxycytidine to the media was associated with normalization of the mutation
      rates. AraCr (1.5)4 cell retained its multipotency (including chimerization
      potential) when injected into blastocysts. Moreover, its differentiated progeny
      expressed the dNTP pool imbalance and mutator phenotype in vitro. The preliminary
      finding of an increased frequency of morphologically abnormal embryos derived
      from a series of transplanted blastocysts injected with AraC2 (1.5)4 stem cells
      is consistent with significant phenotypic effects in vivo.

PMID- 3859020
TI  - Evidence for indirect involvement of thymidine kinase in excision repair
      processes in mouse cell lines.
AB  - Wild-type cells and thymidine kinase-deficient clones from two mouse lymphoma
      cell lines, P388 and L5178Y, were compared for sensitivity to killing by the
      mutagens, ultraviolet irradiation (UV), ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), and N
      methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Two out of three thymidine kinase
      deficient P388 clones showed significantly enhanced sensitivity to killing by all
      three mutagens. This increased sensitivity to killing was also reflected in
      increased mutagenesis by the three mutagens. In the L5178Y cell line, wild-type
      cells showed little difference to two thymidine kinase-deficient clones in terms
      of mutagen sensitivity. This indicates that thymidine kinase may be significant
      for DNA repair processes in P388 but not in L5178Y cells. Unscheduled DNA
      synthesis (UDS) experiments were carried out on P388 and L5178Y wild-type cells
      and wild-type Friend leukemia cells (which are mutagen-sensitive when deficient
      in thymidine kinase). The UDS experiments showed the L5178Y cells were low in
      excision repair abilities relative to the P388 cells and the Friend cell clone.
      This indicates that the increased mutagen sensitivity in thymidine kinase
      deficient P388 and clone 707 Friend cells may be due to thymidine kinase playing
      an indirect role in DNA excision repair, a process which is of little
      significance in the L5178Y cell line.

PMID- 3859021
TI  - Cell fusion and cell agglutination: enhancing effect by a combined use of lectin
      and polycation.
AB  - The technique efficient for hybridization of mammalian cells was improved by
      combining a procedure of cell agglutination of cells pretreated with a
      combination of lectin and polycation and the procedure of conventional
      polyethylene glycol (PEG) -induced cell fusion. The agglutinability of cells
      treated with lectin, polycation, and both of them was tested. The effects of
      these agglutinogens on the hybridization frequencies of cells were also compared.
      The appearance rate of hybrid colonies was found to be correlated to the extent
      of cell agglutination. The pretreatment with a combination of lectin and
      polycation induced the highest degree of cell agglutination and the highest
      frequency of resulting hybridization. The enhancing effect by the pretreatment
      with a combination of these agglutinogens on the hybridization frequency was
      confirmed through experiments on the crosses of several cell types including
      nuclear fraction (karyoplast).

PMID- 3859022
TI  - Assignment of human gene encoding thymidylate synthase to chromosome 18 using
      interspecific cell hybrids between thymidylate synthase-negative mouse mutant
      cells and human diploid fibroblasts.
AB  - We have constructed interspecific somatic cell hybrids between a thymidine
      auxotrophic mutant cell line of mouse FM3A cells that lacks thymidylate synthase
      and human diploid fibroblasts derived from a male patient with fragile X-linked
      mental retardation. Twenty primary hybrid clones were isolated independently, all
      of which exhibited the thymidine-prototrophic phenotype. Segregation of the
      hybrid cells in nonselective culture conditions gave rise to thymidine
      auxotrophic hybrid clones. Both electrophoretic assay of thymidylate synthase
      activity and karyotype analysis of the segregants revealed a strong correlation
      between the expression of the human form of the enzyme and the presence of human
      chromosome 18. Thus, it is concluded that the functional gene for human
      thymidylate synthase, designated TS, is located on this chromosome.

PMID- 3859023
TI  - [Induction of remission by sequential treatment with cytosine arabinoside
      (araC/high dose) and L-asparaginase].

PMID- 3859024
TI  - [Association of cutaneous mastocytosis with acute leukemia and adenocarcinoma].

PMID- 3859025
TI  - Special design of mouthstick device for a patient with upper extremity bilateral
      amputations.

PMID- 3859026
TI  - Critical skills assessment for the treatment of geriatric patients.

PMID- 3859027
TI  - Dietary pattern and dental caries in 19-year-old adolescents subjected to
      preventive measures focused on oral hygiene and/or fluorides.
AB  - Dietary habits and dental caries were analysed in 95 19-year-old Swedish
      adolescents who had been subjected to different preventive measures during their
      late teens. A 24-hour recall was used and showed that the intakes of milk and
      milk products, meat, fish and eggs accorded with recommended norms but not those
      of vegetables, fruits and berries, and potatoes and root vegetables. Only 6% of
      the subjects had eaten the recommended three principal meals during the day
      tested. At the end of the trial, only weak or moderate correlations were found
      between snacks, including sucrose snacks, and selected clinical variables.
      Subjects who did not develop new carious lesions during the experimental 2 years
      had fewer risk factors, defined as the most negative values (quartile limit) for
      sucrose snack consumption, tooth cleaning score, lactobacillus count, saliva
      secretion rate and saliva buffer capacity, than those who developed one or more
      new lesions. During the experimental period, with an overall low caries
      incidence, no single factor tested for presumed risk was found to be the
      discriminating factor for occurrence of dental caries.

PMID- 3859028
TI  - Lustre changes on teeth. The use of laser light for reflexion measurements on the
      tooth surface--in vivo.
AB  - Lustre changes on teeth in vivo were studied with the use of equipment based on a
      helium-neon gas laser. Variations of the intensity of laser light reflected from
      the tooth surface were measured under different conditions of accumulation and
      removal of deposits, which were assumed to consist mainly of the pellicle. The
      possibility of using fluoride varnish as an artificial surface layer in this kind
      of investigation was also tested but rejected. Measurements were made after
      toothbrushing with water alone and with two toothpastes possessing different
      degrees of abrasivity. Teeth that had been left without toothbrushing for 24
      hours showed statistically significant (p less than 0.05) lower light reflexion
      values than those recorded immediately after the teeth had been brushed with a
      toothpaste. During a period of seven months, persons brushing their teeth with
      water alone generated lower intensity values than did those brushing with the two
      toothpastes. The more abrasive paste yielded the highest intensity values,
      indicating a more polished or cleaner surface. The results suggest that the use
      of a toothpaste containing abrasives contributes to the cleaning effect of
      toothbrushing.

PMID- 3859029
TI  - Accuracy of radiographic caries diagnosis at different kilovoltages and two film
      speeds.
AB  - Different kilovoltages (50, 60, 70, 90) and two films differing in speed (Kodak
      Ultra-Speed and Ektaspeed) were examined with regard to the diagnostic accuracy
      at detection of dental caries. Ten observers graded the occurrence of caries in
      radiographs of extracted premolars and their findings were compared with the
      actual presence or absence of caries. The ROC-technique was used to evaluate the
      results using the area under the curve as a measure of diagnostic accuracy. A
      significant difference was found between kilovoltages with better diagnostic
      accuracy for the lower kilovoltages. No significant difference was found between
      the two types of film. Our results suggest that a kilovoltage of 60 offers a
      proper balance between absorbed radiation dose and diagnostic accuracy. The use
      of Kodak Ektaspeed offers a diagnostic accuracy similar to that of Kodak Ultra
      Speed.

PMID- 3859030
TI  - Orthodontic movement of maxillary incisor into the midline. A case report.
AB  - Orthodontic treatment of a case is presented where an eight year old girl
      previously had had the upper right central incisor surgically removed because of
      an odontoma. Orthodontic closure of the space from both sides was performed with
      fixed appliance, leaving the remaining central incisor in the midline. A retainer
      was bonded to prevent relapse.

PMID- 3859031
TI  - [Cancer metastatic to the jaw. II. Radiographic findings in 17 patients].

PMID- 3859032
TI  - Ectopic eruption of the maxillary canine resulting in transposition with adjacent
      teeth.

PMID- 3859033
TI  - [The relation between colonic cancer and osteomas diagnosed by pantomography].

PMID- 3859034
TI  - [The risk of injuries following intraoral radiographic examination].

PMID- 3859035
TI  - [Important information from the Ministry of Health].

PMID- 3859036
TI  - [Composite dental restorative materials].

PMID- 3859038
TI  - [Clinical testing of 2 liquid soaps used in dental practice].

PMID- 3859037
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)--literature review and report of 13
      patients].

PMID- 3859039
TI  - [Excluding daylight in film developing equipment].

PMID- 3859041
TI  - [Ectopic eruption of the upper 1st permanent molars].

PMID- 3859040
TI  - [Metal-ceramic alloys. A review of alloys to which porcelain is bonded].

PMID- 3859042
TI  - [Early approximal decay in permanent teeth. A diagnostic and a therapeutic
      problem?].

PMID- 3859043
TI  - [The effect of preventive dentistry performed by specially trained dental
      hygienists--a pilot study].

PMID- 3859044
TI  - [Clinical occlusal physiology. Attitude among dentists in Norrbotten].

PMID- 3859045
TI  - [Orthodontic consultation in public health dentistry].

PMID- 3859046
TI  - [Various aspects of the classification, clinical course and diagnosis of
      monocytoid and histiocytoid hemoblastoses].
AB  - Analysis of the reported data and authors' observations (41 patients with
      monocytoid leukemias and 21 patients with histiocytoses) made it possible to
      conclude that in most cases, histiocytoses are multifocal tumors with diverse
      morphological manifestations. A classification of histiocytoid tumors is offered
      with regard to the process extent, the nature of bone marrow damage,
      morphological features, the degree of final differentiation of tumor cells, and
      the clinical and laboratory signs of neoplastic activity.

PMID- 3859047
TI  - [The enzyme spectrum of the peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with
      nonspecific lung diseases].
AB  - The data on the activity of the enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism in peripheral
      blood lymphocytes point to essential disorders within the system of
      detoxification in patients with bronchopulmonary pathology. The necessity of
      cultivating cells with mitogens before measurement of the activity of the enzymes
      of xenobiotic metabolism of the first phase (cytochrome P-450, cytochrome C
      reductase) for more precise measurement and reproducibility of the results is
      discussed. Study of the activity of cytosol enzymes of the second phase
      (glutathione-S-transferase, sulfotransferase) does not require preliminary cell
      cultivation. The authors emphasize the importance of studying the enzymes of
      xenobiotic metabolism to individualize the treatment and choose optimal drug
      doses.

PMID- 3859048
TI  - Case of the month. Contagious vesicular disease.

PMID- 3859049
TI  - Council on Public Relations. Why some dentists don't belong to the TDA.

PMID- 3859050
TI  - Baby in the dentist's chair.

PMID- 3859051
TI  - Working women--two-thirds of labor force growth.

PMID- 3859052
TI  - Controlling employee health costs.

PMID- 3859053
TI  - [Drying with Dry Tips].

PMID- 3859054
TI  - HLA polymorphisms in Nigerians.
AB  - The HLA class I and class II phenotypes of a panel of 114 unrelated Nigerians
      have been determined. The panel was tested for all the known class I antigens and
      comparisons of the HLA-A and -B frequencies with those of other African Negroid
      populations revealed some differences. Only limited comparisons could be made for
      the HLA-DR and -D frequencies as these are not available for any well-defined
      African Negroid population. The data concerning the class II antigens of this
      panel are the most interesting. Half of the DRw11-positive panel members are DQw3
      negative and DQw1 positive. In addition, there is dissociation of some HLA-D and 
      DR specificities, a number of panel members are positive for an HLA-D specificity
      and are negative for the corresponding HLA-DR specificity. Our results show the
      value of population studies in the investigation of the relationship between the
      different HLA class II antigens.

PMID- 3859055
TI  - Study of the HLA gene and antigen frequency from a Saudi Arabian hospital.
AB  - The HLA-A, -B, -C and DR loci antigen frequencies were determined, respectively,
      on 1145, 558 and 352 healthy nonrelated Saudi family members. B21, CW4, CW7, and
      Dr7 showed the highest gene frequencies, of 14.6%, 28.3%, 7.4% and 19.5%, when
      compared to other populations. Haplotypes A2-B5, A32-B51, A26-B8, A2-B21, A28
      B35, Aw19-B21 and B21-CW4 showed the highest frequencies when compared to other
      populations. Gene frequencies of 14.6% and 20.2% for B21 and Aw19 antigens,
      respectively, are highest among Middle East populations. Gene frequencies for A1
      (10.5%), A2 (24.9%), A3 (8.9%), A9 (16.7%) and A28 (7.9%) are similar to the
      10.1%, 24.9%, 8.3%, 16.8% and 7.7%, respectively, reported for the Turkish
      population. Also, gene frequencies for B5 (18.5%), B21 (14.6%) and B35 (10.2%)
      are very close to 17.1%, 14.0% and 10.2%, respectively, reported in the Yemenite
      population. The above results suggest some influence of other populations on the
      'pure' Arab population.

PMID- 3859056
TI  - Lack of association between HLA-DR antigens and dental caries.

PMID- 3859057
TI  - Expression of arylsulfatase B variant from leukocytes in chronic myelogenous
      leukemia related to chemotherapy.
AB  - Lysosomal arylsulfatase B of human leukocytes consisted of two forms; a basic
      form (B) and a variant form (B1) which is phosphorylated at the carbohydrate
      chains of the B form (Uehara, Y., Gasa, S., Makita, A., Sakurada, K., and
      Miyazaki, T. (1983) Cancer Res. 43, 5618-5622). The amounts of the variant form
      relative to the basic form were considerably increased in leukocytes of chronic
      myelogenous leukemia (CML). The present communication demonstrates that, upon
      chemotherapy of the patients with CML, degree of phosphorylation as well as the
      relative amounts of the phosphorylated variant form of CML leukocytes are
      markedly decreased concomitantly with an increase of the basic, less
      phosphorylated form. This effect of chemotherapy on the variant form preceded to
      clinical improvement of the CML patients, suggesting that the relative amount of
      the phosphorylated enzyme will be a potential prognostic indicator for the
      therapeutic effect of CML.

PMID- 3859058
TI  - [Effect of physical and sugar loads on the dehydrogenase activity of the saliva].

PMID- 3859059
TI  - [Effect of fluorine on the enameloblasts in relation to the nonspecific
      resistance of the body].

PMID- 3859060
TI  - [Experimental modeling of cystic formations of the jaws].

PMID- 3859061
TI  - [Relations of the shape of the face, jaws, tooth reduction and the incidence of
      caries].

PMID- 3859062
TI  - [Effect of temporary dental splinting on the function of the maxillodental system
      in periodontal diseases].

PMID- 3859063
TI  - [Results of the clinical use of a collagen-containing paste for filling root
      canals].

PMID- 3859064
TI  - [Dynamic assessment of the reactivity of the body in patients with maxillofacial
      phlegmons].

PMID- 3859065
TI  - [Characteristics of the blood supply and oxygenation of the skin in maxillofacial
      phlegmon].

PMID- 3859066
TI  - [The healing of suppurative wounds of the maxillofacial area in the middle-aged
      and elderly].

PMID- 3859067
TI  - [Clinical and functional evaluation of the results of contour mandibuloplasty
      using a silicone implant].

PMID- 3859068
TI  - [Treatment of malignant tumors of the skin of the face and head by a cryogenic
      method].

PMID- 3859069
TI  - [Endoscopic study of the components of palatopharyngeal closure].

PMID- 3859070
TI  - [Interpretation of electromyography data on the principal masticatory muscles].

PMID- 3859071
TI  - [Clinical x-ray characteristics of chondrosarcoma of the facial skeleton].

PMID- 3859072
TI  - [Treatment experience with facial burns].

PMID- 3859073
TI  - [Blood supply and oxygen regimen of the mucoperiosteal flap before and after an
      operation for segmental osteotomy of the frontal section of the maxilla].

PMID- 3859074
TI  - [Interrelation in the humoral link of local and general immunity in maxillofacial
      actinomycosis].

PMID- 3859075
TI  - [Interrelation between the outcome of a mandibular fracture and the mental status
      of the patient].

PMID- 3859076
TI  - [Maxillodental function in acromegaly patients].

PMID- 3859077
TI  - [ELimination of dental crown defects with inlays].

PMID- 3859078
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of the protective coating for a tooth
      prepared for an artificial crown].

PMID- 3859079
TI  - [Pathogenetic factors of the distal mandibular position in children during the
      period of changing bite].

PMID- 3859080
TI  - [Role of medical gymnastics and massage in the combined treatment of children
      with congenital cleft lip and palate].

PMID- 3859081
TI  - [Method for surgically treating mandibular odontogenic cysts in children].

PMID- 3859082
TI  - [Age correlations of the content of basic bone tissue components in the human
      mandible].

PMID- 3859083
TI  - [The state of the oral cavity and the need for treatment of the inhabitants of
      Khabarovsk Territory].

PMID- 3859084
TI  - [Characteristics of the use of composites. Potential errors and their
      prevention].

PMID- 3859085
TI  - [Esthetic properties of composite filling materials].

PMID- 3859086
TI  - [Treatment of pulpitis by using intrapulpar anesthesia].

PMID- 3859087
TI  - [Method for conducting seminar classes with interns on therapeutic dentistry].

PMID- 3859088
TI  - [Results of research on the mechanisms of tooth resistance].

PMID- 3859090
TI  - [Recommendations for the prospective outlining of dental care strategies].

PMID- 3859089
TI  - [Morphofunctional relationships of myons and blood capillaries in the normal
      masticatory muscle and in the immobilized mandible].

PMID- 3859091
TI  - [Problems in pulpitis therapy].

PMID- 3859092
TI  - [Health policy aspects of the collaboration of the GDR with the World Health
      Organization (WHO) with special reference to the "International Collaborative
      Study of Dental Manpower Systems"].

PMID- 3859093
TI  - [International Collaborative Study of Dental Manpower Systems--concerns and
      targets].

PMID- 3859094
TI  - [The Leipzig ICS-I-Study. Dental care and selection of the random sample].

PMID- 3859095
TI  - [The Leipzig ICS-I study. Method and organization of the epidemiological and
      sociological studies].

PMID- 3859096
TI  - [The Leipzig ICS-I study. Oral health status of specially selected groups].

PMID- 3859097
TI  - [The Leipzig ICS-I study. International comparison of the oral health status of
      specially selected groups].

PMID- 3859098
TI  - [The Leipzig ICS-I study. Sociological aspects and evaluations of the ICS-I
      study].

PMID- 3859099
TI  - [Various resuscitation aspects of extrapulmonary membrane oxygenation].

PMID- 3859100
TI  - Midline granuloma.

PMID- 3859101
TI  - Percutaneous thin needle cholangiography.

PMID- 3859102
TI  - Acute volvulus of the transverse colon: report of an unusual case.

PMID- 3859103
TI  - [Current status of conservative therapy of extrapyramidal movement disorders in
      childhood and adolescence].

PMID- 3859105
TI  - A method of computer system implementation.

PMID- 3859104
TI  - Interactions between muzolimine, PgE2 and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
      system.
AB  - The aim of our study was to determine the possible interrelation between
      muzolimine and the renal PG and renin-angiotensin systems by direct assay of
      these renal hormones. 4 groups of five rats were subdivided as follows: Group 1:
      controls; Group 2: rats treated with muzolimine (100 mg/kg); Group 3: rats
      treated with indomethacin (4 mg/kg); Group 4: rats treated with both muzolimine
      and indomethacin. After 3 days, the rats were transferred to metabolic cages,
      urine and plasma samples were taken on the 4th day and the following parameters
      assayed: Urine: creatinine, Na+, PGE2. Plasma: PRA and aldosterone. RESULTS AND
      CONCLUSIONS: Muzolimine: 1) increase PRA (11.8 +/- 1.06 vs. 8.66 +/- 1.56 AI
      ng/ml/h - p less than 0.01) and 2) increases PGE2 release (7.08 +/- 3.22 vs. 0.6
      +/- 0.19 micrograms/mg urine creatinine - p less than 0.005). PG synthesis
      inhibition (indomethacin) lowers (0.118 +/- 0.056 mmol Na+/mg urine creatinine of
      group 2 vs 0.043 +/- 0.019 mmol Na+/mg urine creatinine of group 4 - p less than
      0.025) although not completely abolishes (0.043 +/- 0.019 nmol Na+/mg urine
      creatinine of group 4 vs. 0.019 +/- 0.006 mmol Na+/mg of group 3 - p less than
      0.05) the natriuretic effect of muzolimine. This suggests that the natriuretic
      activity of the drug, at least in part, depends on PGE2 production.

PMID- 3859106
TI  - Music in dental surgery: toward a renewed interest.

PMID- 3859107
TI  - Impact of nutrition on dental health in a changing environment.

PMID- 3859108
TI  - [Oral health in the Federal Republic of Germany].

PMID- 3859109
TI  - [Clinical function status].

PMID- 3859110
TI  - [Prevention concepts for various patient groups].

PMID- 3859111
TI  - [Preventive measures in childhood].

PMID- 3859112
TI  - [Pathogen spectrum and resistance aspects in abscesses in small spaces].

PMID- 3859113
TI  - [Lateral open bite].

PMID- 3859114
TI  - [Fear of the dentist or the correct approach with children].

PMID- 3859115
TI  - [Beginning treatment in orthodontics].

PMID- 3859116
TI  - [Caries prevention by raising the pH levels in the dental plaque during the
      intake of cariogenic carbohydrates].

PMID- 3859117
TI  - Phenol sulphotransferase: purification and characterization of the rat kidney and
      stomach enzymes.
AB  - 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulphate-dependent enzymes that catalyse sulphation
      of p-nitrophenol have been purified from rat kidney and stomach mucosa by
      affinity chromatography on the p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid-agarose conjugate, by
      chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. The phenol sulphotransferase
      (PST) from rat kidney had Mr of 69 000 and that of the stomach enzyme was 32 000.
      With p-nitrophenol as the sulphate acceptor, the pH optima were 6.4 for the
      stomach PST and 5.4 and 6.6 for the kidney enzyme. Both enzymes were inhibited by
      2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol and phenylglyoxal, an arginine specific modifying
      reagent. Both enzymes readily sulphated p-nitrophenol, 2-naphthol, 1-naphthol and
      salicylamide and did not act on biogenic amines (e.g. epinephrine,
      norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin), acid metabolites of catecholamines (e.g.
      3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid), and O-methylated metabolites
      of catecholamines. Only the stomach enzyme sulphated such catecholamine
      metabolites as homovanillic alcohol and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol. In
      contrast to the brain enzyme, but similarly to the liver enzyme, the kidney and
      stomach phenol sulphotransferases appear to sulphate exogenous phenolic
      substrates in preference to potential endogenous substrates.

PMID- 3859118
TI  - Electron microscopy in cytology.

PMID- 3859119
TI  - On the presentation of papers at medical meetings. A critique.

PMID- 3859120
TI  - The ultrastructure of metastatic adenocarcinoma in serous fluids. An aid in
      identification of the primary site of the neoplasm.
AB  - Identification of the primary sites of metastatic adenocarcinomas is a diagnostic
      problem, particularly in cases of occult primary neoplasms. We studied the
      ultrastructural morphology of 16 metastatic adenocarcinomas that presented as
      effusions to establish organ-specific features that would characterize
      adenocarcinomas from various sites. The nine cases in which the site of the
      primary carcinoma was known included seven derived from the breast, one from the
      ovary and one from the colon. The primary site was unknown in seven cases at the
      time of presentation. After investigations, the primary site became known in five
      cases (lung, colon and appendix, one case each, and the ovary in two cases).
      Ultrastructurally diagnostic features could be detected in gastrointestinal,
      ovarian, bronchioloalveolar-cell and breast carcinomas. In gastrointestinal
      carcinomas, the presence of short microvilli with long rootlets was specific for
      the group. The lamellar inclusions of type II pneumocytes were diagnostic of
      bronchioloalveolar-cell carcinoma. The microvilli in ovarian carcinomas were
      long, slender and bushy, as in mesotheliomas; however, the cells lacked the
      perinuclear condensation of tonofilaments seen in the latter. Breast carcinomas
      were associated with numerous intracytoplasmic lumina, electron-dense granules
      and aggregates of small vesicular bodies. We conclude that ultrastructural
      examination of adenocarcinomas in serious fluids can help to identify the primary
      site of certain neoplasms or at least shorten the list of possibilities. This may
      reduce costs and minimize the discomfort patients have to undergo by curtailing
      extensive invasive investigations in search of unknown primary neoplasms.

PMID- 3859121
TI  - The distinction of mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma in malignant effusions by
      electron microscopy.
AB  - To determine the usefulness of the electron microscopic (EM) differential
      diagnosis between malignant mesothelioma and metastatic adenocarcinoma in
      cytologic specimens of serous fluids, we undertook a prospective study of 17
      pleural and peritoneal effusions from 14 patients. In the nine effusions
      identified as malignant by routine cytologic examination, EM correctly diagnosed
      three mesotheliomas and six adenocarcinomas. EM resolved the differential
      diagnosis of mesothelioma versus adenocarcinoma in three cases in which routine
      cytologic examination could not. As with tissue specimens, EM cannot be used to
      diagnose the malignancy of cytologic specimens; it can, however, reliably
      identify the origin of cells diagnosed as malignant by routine cytologic
      examination. We conclude that, when EM is used to evaluate cytologically
      malignant effusions, it can accurately distinguish mesothelioma from
      adenocarcinoma. This technique will be diagnostically useful in selected cases
      and may be helpful in avoiding more invasive procedures as well as delays in
      diagnosis and therapy.

PMID- 3859122
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of cells in body cavity effusions.
AB  - Transmission electron microscopic examination of benign (16 cases) and malignant
      (2 cases) mesothelial cells and metastatic carcinoma (10 cases) was performed.
      These studies showed long, slender, branching and bushy microvilli with high
      length-to-diameter ratios to be the most important distinguishing features of the
      mesothelial cells. Cytoplasmic intermediate filaments were present in all
      mesothelial cells as well as in carcinoma cells. The mesothelial cells showed an
      absence of mucin vacuoles, intracellular lumens and luminal tight junctions,
      which are seen in adenocarcinoma cells. The pinocytotic vesicles were found to be
      more numerous in the mesothelial cells. Lipid vacuoles, lysosomes, Golgi
      apparatus and intercellular lumens appeared to be variably present in all
      mesothelial and carcinoma cells. The methodology is discussed and pertinent
      literature reviewed.

PMID- 3859123
TI  - Colorectal cytology in chronic ulcerative colitis.
AB  - During a period of ten years, 109 colorectal cytology specimens were obtained
      from 41 patients with chronic ulcerative colitis. There were 28 male and 13
      female patients, whose average age was 45 years. All patients were symptomatic
      and had ulcerative colitis with repeated attacks of profuse diarrhea on the
      average for 12 years prior to their first cytologic examination. Eight cytology
      specimens were positive for malignant cells, 35 had atypia, 58 were negative and
      8 were unsatisfactory. The malignant cells showed marked anisocytosis,
      pleomorphism and nuclear hyperchromasia and appeared in loosely cohesive clusters
      or in single forms in an inflammatory and necrotic background. Subsequent
      colectomy revealed invasive carcinoma in five patients and carcinoma in situ in
      two. Smears that were negative or showed atypia contained abundant chronic
      inflammatory cells. The atypical colonic epithelial cells contained prominent
      nuclei and formed cohesive clusters. Surgical biopsy and/or segmental resection
      revealed the presence of polyps, pseudopolyps, polypoid hyperplasia, mucosal
      atypia and crypt abscesses in patients with atypical and negative cytologic
      findings. It is concluded that cytologic examination of the colon can play an
      important role in the examination of patients with ulcerative colitis and allows
      for the detection of malignant transformation of the colonic mucosa.

PMID- 3859124
TI  - Cytodiagnosis of in situ and early carcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - Three cases of adenocarcinoma of the stomach, two in situ and one superficially
      invasive, and one of superficially invasive squamous-cell carcinoma of the
      esophagus are presented to illustrate the problems encountered in the diagnosis
      of early lesions of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the contribution
      that cytodiagnosis can make. The symptomology and roentgenographic findings in
      these cases were largely nonspecific. While endoscopic biopsies were repeatedly
      negative in three of the four cases, endoscopic brushing cytology consistently
      indicated the presence of a malignancy. Surgery was finally performed on the
      basis of the cytologic findings, confirming the presence of early malignancy. The
      cytologic findings, with histologic correlations, are presented in an effort to
      define some specific criteria for the diagnosis of early malignancy of the upper
      GI tract.

PMID- 3859125
TI  - Cytodiagnosis of malignant lesions in cerebrospinal fluid. Review and
      cytohistologic correlation.
AB  - In an evaluation of the efficacy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination in our
      laboratory, 1,635 CSF specimens received between March 1, 1975, and December 31,
      1982, were reviewed. All 111 positive samples (from 77 cases) and all 141
      suspicious samples (from 83 cases) were reviewed microscopically, and the
      clinical records in the cases were rechecked. The 77 positive cases were
      confirmed by tissue and other studies: 23 as primary brain tumors, 26 as
      secondary carcinomas, 14 as leukemias, 12 as lymphomas and 2 as multiple
      myelomas. The 83 suspicious cases were similarly confirmed: 31 as primary brain
      tumors, 14 as secondary carcinomas, 22 as leukemias and 7 as lymphomas-with 9
      found to be "benign." There were no false positives in the positive group. This
      study suggests that the identification of malignant cells in CSF samples
      constitutes a reliable method of diagnosis and lessens the need for further
      biopsies.

PMID- 3859126
TI  - Unusual presentations of inflammatory conditions in cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - Unusual inflammatory reactions in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in five patients were
      explicable by the type of intracranial injury or surgical intervention that they
      had received or by their basic disease process. Lumbar puncture fluid from a 64
      year-old man with multiple facial fractures contained neutrophils, bacteria,
      Candida sp. and ciliated columnar cells, findings consistent with a basilar skull
      fracture allowing paranasal sinus contents to enter the subarachnoid space. A 59
      year-old man with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy developed meningitis and
      suffered a respiratory arrest; a ventricular fluid contained acute inflammatory
      cells as well as numerous corpora amylacea. Lumbar CSF obtained during surgery
      from a 26-year-old man with a pontine glioma contained numerous histiocytes
      clustered around polarizable filaments, probably strands of gauze introduced
      during surgery. A specimen of CSF obtained intraoperatively from a 54-year-old
      man with an acoustic neuroma undergoing a second craniotomy contained
      multinucleated giant cells bearing suture material. A 19-year-old girl with
      systemic sarcoidosis had noncaseating granulomas in the right temporal lobe and
      multinucleated giant cells in her CSF.

PMID- 3859127
TI  - Glassy-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Cytopathologic and histopathologic
      study of five cases.
AB  - The cytopathologic and histopathologic findings are presented for five cases of
      glassy-cell carcinoma. The cytology was characterized by tumor cells arranged
      predominantly in syncytial-like aggregates. The cells had moderate amounts of
      amphophilic cytoplasm, which was often finely granular. The nuclei were
      relatively large and had predominantly finely granular chromatin, with prominent
      nucleoli in about half of the nuclei. A tumor diathesis was present in three
      cases. Cytologically, glassy-cell carcinoma is most likely to be confused with
      large-cell nonkeratinizing carcinoma and with atypical reparative cells.
      Histologically, it was characterized by cells with moderate amounts of finely
      granular cytoplasm, well-defined cytoplasmic boundaries, vesicular nuclei and
      large nucleoli. Although this tumor has an alleged aggressive clinical behavior
      and lack of response to therapy, two of the patients survived for more than ten
      years. More cases need to be studied in order to ascertain whether this neoplasm
      is a variant of cervical carcinoma with a distinct morphology and clinical course
      or is just a pattern of cervical adenocarcinoma, as has been suggested.

PMID- 3859128
TI  - Peritoneal washings in ovarian tumors. Potential sources of error in cytologic
      diagnosis.
AB  - Peritoneal washings were performed on 48 patients with suspected or known ovarian
      carcinoma. The procedure was part of the initial surgical staging in 27 patients
      with presumed stage I and II ovarian cancer and was performed during second-look
      operations in 21 other cases with proven ovarian malignancy. This paper presents
      the microscopic features of the washings, with particular emphasis on the
      cytologic differentiation between benign and malignant findings outside of the
      ovary. Thirty-four cases showed benign or reactive mesothelial cells and no
      evidence of peritoneal disease. The washings of six patient showed malignant
      cells, which were confirmed histologically. Notable atypia that mimicked ovarian
      carcinoma was found in eight patients who had benign or borderline lesions. These
      findings included papillary and glandlike epithelial structures, with varying
      degrees of cellular atypia and psammoma bodies. The histologic counterparts of
      these atypicalities were Mullerian inclusions, mesothelial proliferations and
      borderline serous tumors. The differential diagnosis between these entities is
      essential because false-positive cytologic diagnoses may alter postoperative
      treatment in some patients.

PMID- 3859129
TI  - Histiocytes and the detection of endometrial adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Histiocytes have long been recognized as part of the milieu of endometrial
      carcinoma in gynecologic smears. In an effort to determine whether a quantitative
      assessment of histiocytes, especially in the absence of endometrial cells, could
      increase the effectiveness of the cervicovaginal smear for diagnosis of
      endometrial carcinoma, smears obtained prior to a tissue diagnosis of endometrial
      adenocarcinoma were evaluated from 44 postmenopausal women. Smears from 97 age
      matched patients in the same clinic were also evaluated and used as a control
      group for the endometrial carcinoma patients. All smears were evaluated for the
      presence of histiocytes and for the presence of benign or malignant endometrial
      cells, with the histiocytes quantitated as minimal (less than 5 per high-power
      field [HPF]), moderate (5 to 10/HPF) or heavy (greater than 10/HPF). Sensitivity
      and specificity were calculated to assess the role of histiocytes in the presence
      and in the absence of endometrial cells using cytologic findings. Our data
      indicate that the presence of moderate or heavy numbers of histiocytes on
      cervicovaginal smears of postmenopausal women increased the cytologic sensitivity
      from 61% to 82% when considered a marker of disease along with endometrial cells.
      These results suggest that attention to the presence of histiocytes on
      cervicovaginal smears may increase the utility of cytology for the diagnosis of
      endometrial lesions and may be a useful guideline for the cancer-related
      gynecologic examination.

PMID- 3859130
TI  - Relationship between the diagnosis of epithelial abnormalities and the
      composition of cervical smears.
AB  - The significance of endocervical columnar cells as a high-quality parameter of
      cervical smears was studied. In a cohort of women with two successive screenings,
      the consistency of the cellular composition of the cervical smears and the
      relation between the cellular composition of the smears and the frequency of the
      diagnosis of abnormal epithelial changes was investigated. At the first
      screening, a significantly higher number of epithelial abnormalities was found in
      smears with endocervical columnar cells than in smears without endocervical
      columnar cells. A significantly higher number of abnormal epithelial changes was
      found on the second screening in smears from women whose smears from the first
      screening did not contain endocervical columnar cells than in smears from women
      whose smears from the first screening did contain endocervical columnar cells.
      The presence of endocervical cells should be considered a very important
      indicator of the quality of cervical smears. The chance of missing an abnormal
      epithelial change is increased in smears without endocervical columnar cells.
      When endocervical columnar cells are absent, the smear should be considered to be
      of unreliable quality and a repeat smear should be taken after a short interval,
      unless the absence of columnar cells can be satisfactorily explained.

PMID- 3859131
TI  - Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III. An estimate of screening error rates and
      optimal screening interval.
AB  - The detection rates of grade III cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN III) in
      women at the initial and subsequent screenings were studied in Florence for the
      period 1979 to 1982 to assess the optimal interval between tests and the
      sensitivity of the screening (cytology plus advised colposcopy in cases with
      slightly abnormal Papanicolaou tests). The protective interval was calculated to
      be about three years. No differences in the risk of developing CIN III were
      observed between women with only an initial screening and women rescreened within
      the three-year interval. Screening sensitivity was calculated according to two
      different models: (1) when assumed to be a constant, the sensitivity of our
      cytologic-colposcopic screening was 0.71, with 0.64 for cytology alone; (2) when
      assumed to decrease in subsequent screening rounds, the sensitivity was
      calculated at 0.60 (0.50 in subsequent rounds), with 0.52 for cytology alone. The
      benefit of an early cytologic rescreening is discussed and compared to a wider
      use of colposcopy, which, with lower costs, permits a good sensitivity utilizing
      only one round of screening.

PMID- 3859132
TI  - Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and associated condylomatous lesions. A
      preliminary report on 4,764 women from Northern Israel.
AB  - During the period spanning the years 1973 to 1981, 4,764 women visited the
      Gynecology Out-Patient Clinics and Colposcopy Unit of the Nahariyya Hospital to
      be examined colposcopically and cytologically (and histologically whenever
      indicated) for precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix. Of these women,
      2,614 (55%) were referred because of symptoms of cervical pathology and 2,150
      (45%) for other (prophylactic) reasons. The subdivision of all women according to
      their demographic backgrounds afforded a comparison of the findings in Israeli
      born Jewesses with those of foreign-born Jewesses and non-Jewish females living
      in the same geographic area of the Western Galilee district of Israel. Despite
      the low prevalence of cervical cancer in Jewesses throughout the world, the
      preliminary report of our pilot study demonstrated that the percentage rates of
      all degrees of dysplasia/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I, II and III)
      of the uterine cervix of Israeli-born Jewesses was 5.4% in patients with cervical
      pathology and 3.24% in noncervical-pathology patients. These rates were the
      highest recorded for any of the demographic groups: 2.06% and 0.33%,
      respectively, in Moslem women; 1.23% in Christian women with cervical pathology;
      2.38% and 1.78%, respectively, in European/American-born Jewesses; and 1.63% and
      0.48%, respectively, in Asian/African-born Jewesses. The highest proportion of
      CIN lesions occurred in the 15- to 30-year-old age groups. Of 100 CIN lesions
      found in all patients, 45 were cytohistologically associated with the cells of
      condylomatous lesions. Of 36 patients in whom cervical squamous-cell carcinoma
      lesions were detected, 18 (50%) were staged (FIGO) as carcinoma in situ (stage
      0); the remainder were in stages IA, IB, IIA and IIB, with none in stages III or
      IV.

PMID- 3859133
TI  - Mass cytologic screening for cervical carcinoma in China. A review of 7,735,057
      reported cases.
AB  - A review was made of cervical carcinoma screening in 7,735,057 cases based on 140
      reports from 25 provinces and autonomous regions in the People's Republic of
      China. The average prevalence rate of carcinoma of the cervix was 138.74/10(5);
      the rate was higher in the mountainous districts, and was related to the early
      age of marriage, the number of children delivered and the existence of cervical
      lesions. Proper preventive measures imposed by the government, early detection
      and early treatment have brought about a marked decline of the prevalence and
      mortality rates. The repeated mass cytologic screenings have made radical cure of
      this disease possible. Concurrent geographic clustering of carcinomas of both the
      cervix and penis have been noted, and screening of spouses has been started.

PMID- 3859134
TI  - Carpet beetle larval parts in cervical cytology specimens.
AB  - Hairs from carpet beetle larvae were demonstrated in 77 vaginal or cervical
      smears over a 36-month period. A morphologic description of these structures is
      presented, and studies of possible sources of contamination are presented and
      discussed. In some cases, contamination apparently occurred during the taking of
      the smears through the use of contaminated cotton swabs or wooden spatulas. Other
      possible sources of contamination include tampons.

PMID- 3859135
TI  - Cytologic phenomena accompanying uterine cervix electrocoagulation.
AB  - In the study of cellular and tissue response to electrocoagulation of the uterine
      cervix, two cytologic phenomena accompanying the delayed healing process were
      described: the "contact-developed lucid cell" and the "regression field," which
      were limited to smear samples exhibiting the transitory appearance of abnormal
      cells after electrocoagulation. While "contact-developed lucid cells," which were
      firmly attached to abnormal target cell nuclei in a "cell-in-a-cell" pattern, had
      a variable effect upon subsequent smear scores, the "regression field," which is
      similar to that described by others during immunologic rejection of kidney
      transplants, was consistently followed by a shift of the smear score from the
      dysplasia range to the normal range. We suggest that abnormal cells
      differentiated during the healing process as well as those present both before
      and after treatment are subject to an immune rejection induced by uterine
      cervical electrocoagulation.

PMID- 3859136
TI  - Incidence of herpes infection of the uterine cervix observed in cytologic
      specimens in the Tokyo metropolitan area.
AB  - In a high-volume cytology laboratory in the metropolitan Tokyo area, the
      incidence of cytologically diagnosed herpes infection in cervical scraping smears
      of the female genital tract was studied according to the year-by-year changes,
      age distribution, seasonal variation and types of cytologic alteration. The
      overall incidence over the 12 years studied was 0.007% (87 cases among 1,230,773
      examined). The incidence varied from 0.003% to 0.005% in the early 1970s (except
      for 1973) and increased to 0.011% in the last three years (1980 to 1982). A large
      increase was noted in younger age groups in comparison with middle and older age
      groups. There was a tendency for the infection rate to be higher in the spring
      (0.011%) and lower in the fall (0.005%). Multinucleation and a ground-glass
      appearance were observed in the infected cells in almost every case while
      eosinophilic inclusion bodies were found in 20.7% of the cases.

PMID- 3859137
TI  - Cytologic diagnosis of primary tubal cancer.
AB  - A study was made of the 128 cases of primary tubal cancer reported to date in
      Japan, especially of the 61 cases with a preoperative cytologic examination,
      which was positive for malignancy in 28 cases (45.9%). A positive cytologic
      diagnosis was made on the cervicovaginal smear in 37.9% of the 58 cases so
      examined and on the endometrial smear in 80.0% of the 15 cases so examined. Of
      the 12 cases with positive endocervical smear cytologies, 11 were without
      endometrial invasion and 4 had no cancer cells in the cervicovaginal smear.
      Histologic examination of endometrial curettage specimens was positive for cancer
      in 8 (23.5%) of 34 cases so examined. Endometrial invasion by cancer cells was
      seen in 11.1% of the surgically extirpated endometrial specimens. The results of
      this study suggest that cytologic diagnosis is one of the most reliable methods
      for detecting primary tubal cancer before a surgical operation is undertaken. Its
      efficacy might be improved by more careful sampling and study in patients
      suspected of having primary tubal cancer.

PMID- 3859139
TI  - Diagnosis and typing of lung carcinomas by cytopathologic methods. A review of
      108 cases.
AB  - A correlative review was made of the type of cytology specimens (sputum,
      bronchial washing and bronchial brushing) together with the corresponding
      histopathologic specimens of 108 patients. One hundred patients had primary
      pulmonary carcinomas diagnosed histopathologically (84) or clinically (16); 5 had
      carcinomas metastatic to the lungs and 3 had apparently false-positive cytologic
      results for lung cancer. The correlative review was used to determine the
      diagnostic reliability of pulmonary cytopathologic techniques in the detection
      and classification of lung carcinomas (i.e., the sensitivity and accuracy). The
      overall sensitivities of sputum, bronchial washing and bronchial brushing
      cytology were 60%, 66% and 77%, respectively (p less than 0.05). Bronchial
      brushing had a higher sensitivity (80%) for peripheral and metastatic lesions
      than did sputum (37%) or bronchial washing (60%). The overall accuracies of
      sputum, bronchial washing and bronchial brushing cytology were 79%, 75% and 76%,
      respectively, which is not statistically different. Regardless of the sampling
      methods, cytologic typing of squamous-cell and small-cell carcinomas was highly
      accurate but was less satisfactory for the other types of lung carcinomas. In the
      16 cases in which endoscopic biopsies were either not attempted or gave negative
      results, one or more pulmonary cytologic specimens showed malignant cells. It is
      concluded that: (1) pulmonary cytopathologic techniques have excellent
      sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis of lung carcinomas; (2) they may
      establish the diagnosis of pulmonary carcinomas when endoscopic biopsies give
      negative results; and (3) they are particularly helpful in cases in which
      endoscopic biopsies suffer from a low yield (peripheral lesions) or create a
      considerable danger to the patients (iatrogenic hemorrhage).

PMID- 3859138
TI  - The application of visual cell profiles in the study of premalignant atypias in
      sputum.
AB  - Because the diagnosis of squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung by routine cytologic
      screening of sputum is often inconclusive, our laboratory is studying the use of
      cytomorphologic profiles as a reliable diagnostic aid. This study reports the
      analysis of the profiles of 75 subjects, both cigarette-smoking volunteers and
      hospitalized patients suspect for lung cancer. Twenty-five of the subjects had
      been classified as having squamous metaplasia, 25 as having atypias and 25 as
      having squamous-cell carcinoma. Four slides were made for each subject, with 100
      random fields viewed on each slide. The frequency of free alveolar macrophages,
      metaplastic squamous cells, epithelial atypical cells and malignant squamous
      cells were noted for each field. The results indicated that, although there were
      large differences between individual profiles within each diagnostic category,
      there were significant differences between the average profiles for each
      diagnostic category. Furthermore, although there were differences in cell
      frequencies from slide to slide and within slides, the differences were constant
      across diagnostic categories. The results are supportive of the progressive
      atypia hypothesis for squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung and provide a baseline
      for comparison with subsequent individual profiles.

PMID- 3859140
TI  - Needle biopsy of the liver for the diagnosis of nonneoplastic liver diseases.
AB  - The results of 209 liver biopsy needle washings were compared with the
      corresponding histologic findings. An effort was made to distinguish major
      categories of liver disease on the basis of cytologic findings. Pigment
      identification and fat quantitation were also evaluated. It was found that it was
      often possible to determine whether a liver needle washing was normal or
      abnormal; however, it was rarely possible to provide specific diagnoses. Pure
      fatty change and primary cholestasis could be reliably differentiated from the
      steatosis and bile plugging seen in other liver disorders. Cirrhosis could be
      suggested in a limited number of cases, although in most cases the findings were
      nonspecific. Cytology was found to be less reliable than biopsy in the
      discrimination between the major pigments. Finally, cytology was an acceptable
      method for detecting and quantitating fatty change.

PMID- 3859141
TI  - Pemphigus vulgaris and microinvasive squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine
      cervix.
AB  - Although patients with disseminated pemphigus vulgaris may have involvement of
      the uterine cervix, such involvement is often detected only after vaginal
      discharge or bleeding. When a cervical smear is obtained, distinctive cytologic
      abnormalities may be observed; these may be attributed to the changes of
      pemphigus or to an associated reparative/inflammatory reaction. This study
      documents the first two cases of microinvasive squamous-cell carcinoma of the
      uterine cervix developing in association with uterine cervical pemphigus. The
      gross pathologic, cytologic and histologic features of these lesions are
      illustrated. The cytologic criteria that may be helpful in distinguishing between
      cells derived from microinvasive squamous-cell carcinoma and pemphigus of the
      uterine cervix are described.

PMID- 3859142
TI  - Superficial endometrial involvement by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
      detected by intrauterine cytology. A case report.
AB  - A case of cervical carcinoma in situ with superficial spread to the endometrium
      is presented. The role of endometrial cytology in the diagnosis of such
      neoplastic diffusion spread is emphasized.

PMID- 3859143
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology of the breast. A review of 321 cases with
      statistical evaluation.
AB  - To assess the accuracy of fine needle aspirations of the breast performed at our
      institution, all patients undergoing this procedure between the years 1973 and
      1982 were evaluated. Correlation was made between the cytologic and histologic
      diagnoses whenever possible. Correlations were made with mammography results or
      clinical impressions when biopsies were not obtained. Our results for
      sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of a positive diagnosis and predictive
      value of a negative diagnosis were 65.0%, 100%, 100% and 89.6%, respectively. The
      data indicate that when adequate, well-prepared samples are submitted to the
      laboratory, accurate cytologic diagnoses can be made. The high specificity and
      predictive value of a positive result allow for the early diagnosis, treatment
      and management of breast cancer.

PMID- 3859144
TI  - Cytology of fine needle aspiration biopsy of primary breast rhabdomyosarcoma in
      an adolescent girl.
AB  - A bilateral breast tumor in an 11-year-old girl was diagnosed as a malignant
      mesenchymal neoplasm by fine needle aspiration biopsy, and its muscular origin
      was suggested. An immunoperoxidase stain for the demonstration of intracellular
      myoglobin in destained cytologic aspirates exhibited a positive reaction of
      variable intensity in some of the undifferentiated round cells and in the more
      mature bipolar sarcomatous elements. These findings were confirmed in the
      histologic sections of the excised tissue. Needle aspiration is helpful in these
      rare cases of primary breast rhabdomyosarcoma, which often present with a solid,
      undifferentiated histologic pattern in this age group. In addition to the
      cytologic characteristics, the possibility of detecting muscle antigens as
      markers for these embryonal small cells, even in previously stained slides,
      provides a successful method for defining the specific type of sarcoma.

PMID- 3859145
TI  - Metastatic spindle-cell carcinoma. Cytologic features and differential diagnosis.
AB  - Fine needle aspiration biopsies of tumors can yield a variety of spindle cells
      derived from several types of neoplasms. Among these is a rare lesion known as a
      "spindle-cell carcinoma" or "pseudosarcoma," which may represent a transformation
      of a preexisting squamous-cell carcinoma that has been subjected to radiotherapy
      or solar damage. The cytologic, histologic and ultrastructural features of a case
      of metastatic spindle-cell carcinoma of the rib subjected to fine needle
      aspiration are presented, and other spindle-cell tumors that should be considered
      in the differential diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 3859146
TI  - Disseminated cryptococcosis presenting as thyroiditis. Fine needle aspiration and
      autopsy findings.
AB  - A 47-year-old diabetic ethanol and intravenous drug abuser presented with
      symptoms and signs indistinguishable from subacute thyroiditis. After cultures of
      cerebrospinal fluid grew Cryptococcus neoformans, the organism was recognized in
      a review of a fine needle aspirate of the thyroid. Postmortem examination
      documented extensive thyroid inflammation and fibrosis secondary to involvement
      by widely disseminated C. neoformans. Fungal infection is an uncommon cause of
      thyroiditis, and the need for a clinical awareness of fungal thyroiditis is
      emphasized, as is the need to utilize special stains to detect opportunistic
      infections when examining cytologic preparations from immunocompromised patients.

PMID- 3859147
TI  - Role of fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis and management of
      malacoplakia.
AB  - A case of malacoplakia of the colon and retroperitoneum is presented. The
      diagnosis was made by both endoscopic biopsy and fine needle aspiration biopsy
      (FNAB). The response to therapy was monitored by sequential FNAB. The initial
      biopsy revealed large numbers of bacilli within the histiocytes; these bacilli
      were markedly reduced in number during successful therapy but reappeared in large
      numbers when the disease relapsed. It is suggested that FNAB may play a role in
      both the diagnosis and management of patients with malacoplakia.

PMID- 3859148
TI  - Neuroblastoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy.
AB  - Small-cell malignancies of childhood are a source of diagnostic difficulty, both
      in cytology and histology. Four cases of neuroblastoma are presented that were
      diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. The importance of a complete
      history, physical examination and laboratory evaluation is stressed. In addition
      to the usual description of cytologic detail obtained by routine methods, a new
      method of study is introduced: the potential use of plastic embedding and
      histochemical studies in small-cell tumors is discussed.

PMID- 3859149
TI  - Nodular pulmonary sarcoidosis. Diagnosis with fine needle aspiration biopsy.
AB  - A case of sarcoidosis presenting as multiple pulmonary nodules and investigated
      by transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy is presented. Cohesive clusters of
      epithelial cells as well as multinucleated giant cells were observed. Special
      stains performed on the cell-block preparation were useful in ruling out an
      infectious etiology. The case demonstrates the value of fine needle aspiration
      biopsy in the investigation of pulmonary parenchymal disease and illustrates the
      cytologic findings in this unusual presentation of sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3859150
TI  - Limitations of aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of primary neoplasms.

PMID- 3859151
TI  - The scanning electron microscopic appearance of a condyloma acuminatum of the
      uterine cervix.

PMID- 3859152
TI  - Progesterone-receptor assay in fine needle aspirates of breast tumors.

PMID- 3859153
TI  - Early diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma.

PMID- 3859154
TI  - Cytologic diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma.

PMID- 3859155
TI  - An adjustable microscope stand.

PMID- 3859156
TI  - Molluscum contagiosum diagnosed in a cytologic smear.

PMID- 3859157
TI  - The immune response to S. aureus in atopic dermatitis.
AB  - The skin of patients with atopic dermatitis is heavily colonized with S. aureus,
      and their immune response to S. aureus shows some particular features: (1) A
      selective hyporesponsiveness to purified S. aureus cell walls in delayed type
      hypersensitivity skin reactions. (2) The presence of IgE to cell walls and
      soluble antigens of S. aureus in patients with high serum IgE levels. (3)
      Elevated cell wall IgE do not correlate with positive immediate skin reactions to
      whole S. aureus and their cell walls. (4) Regional lymphadenopathy but not
      impetiginization is associated with high total IgE and S. aureus cell wall IgE.
      We suggest that these changes in the immune response to S. aureus are related to
      the chronic S. aureus colonization of the skin.

PMID- 3859158
TI  - Reduction of active natural killer cells in patients with atopic dermatitis
      estimated at the single cell level.
AB  - The natural killer cell cytotoxicity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from twenty
      one patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis was studied directly by a
      single cell assay. Suspensions of conjugated effector cells bound to target cells
      were examined with a light microscope to evaluate the cell lysis using trypan
      blue exclusion. The binding to the K562 target cells and the kinetics of lysis
      were normal among the patients' lymphocytes, but the percentage of active natural
      killer cells in the conjugates and the lymphocyte population was found to be
      significantly reduced. Our results raise the possibility that the number of
      active natural killer cells may be reduced and/or modulated by enhancing and
      suppressing signals in patients with atopic dermatitis.

PMID- 3859159
TI  - Allergy to hen's egg white in atopic dermatitis.
AB  - Clinical parameters of 84 egg-allergic children were recorded. The individual
      allergens in hen's egg white were studied by means of crossed radio
      immunoelectrophoresis (CRIE). Thirteen of the proteins in the egg white were
      found to have given rise to IgE-antibody production in the egg-allergic children.
      The major allergens were identified as ovalbumin, ovomucoid and ovotransferrin.
      Pruritus and exacerbation of atopic dermatitis were the symptoms of egg allergy
      most frequently recorded. A clear association was found between egg allergy and
      atopic dermatitis and can be explained on basis of the relationship that seems to
      exist between atopic dermatitis and high levels of total IgE in serum. This
      relationship is discussed.

PMID- 3859160
TI  - Long term follow-up in atopic dermatitis.
AB  - A long-term follow-up study (minimum 24 years) has been carried out on 955
      individuals with a history of atopic dermatitis (AD), who in childhood had been
      in- or out-patients at the Department of Dermatology, Karolinska Hospital,
      Stockholm. 62% of the in-patients and 40% of the out-patients still had
      dermatitis at investigation. The most common site was the hands. Eczematous hand
      involvement in childhood had been of predominant importance for the occurrence of
      hand eczema in adult life. Both tabular and stepwise logistic regression analyses
      revealed that the prognostically unfavorable factors as regards healing were, in
      order of importance, severe (widespread) dermatitis in childhood, family history
      of AD, associated allergic rhinitis, and/or bronchial asthma (with allergic
      rhinitis as the dominant of these two factors), female sex and early age at
      onset. Fewer than 20% of the individuals with all these prognostic factors were
      healed at the time of investigation, whereas 85% of those with none of the
      factors were healed. Persistent dry/itchy skin in adulthood was also found to be
      associated with persistent or recurring AD to a significantly (p less than 0.001)
      higher degree than normal skin. As this factor cannot be used as a predictor in
      childhood, it was not included in the regression analyses.

PMID- 3859161
TI  - Skin reactions to foods in patients with atopic dermatitis.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with moderate or severe persistent atopic dermatitis gave a
      history of skin reactions following the ingestion of certain foods. These
      reactions fell into three groups: immediate reactions (within one hour) which
      included angio-oedema, contact urticaria, generalised itching and erythema, or
      urticaria; late reactions, where patients experienced late urticaria, late angio
      oedema, itching, or exacerbation of the dermatitis; dual reactions where
      immediate reactions were followed by exacerbation of the atopic dermatitis. The
      foods implicated were either potential allergens or recognised nonimmunological
      histamine-release agents. Foods which caused an IgE-mediated reaction tended to
      produce early or dual reactions whereas histamine releasing foods tended to
      result in late reactions.

PMID- 3859162
TI  - Ultraviolet light therapy in atopic dermatitis.
AB  - In 1979-1981, 107 patients with atopic dermatitis were treated with Psorilux 9050
      emitting 1.24 mW/cm2 at 280-315 nm and 7.33 mW/cm2 at 315-400 nm. Half of the
      patients received one treatment course, 20% 2-3 courses, and one third more than
      3 treatment courses. A good result was obtained in 93% of the cases but in the
      other cases the treatment was either ineffective or the patients were too
      sensitive to the radiation. After the treatment, the need for treatment with
      topical corticosteroids had decreased in one half of the patients and increased
      in only 2% of them. In 1982-1983, 89 atopics were treated with Metec Helarium
      model 1480, emitting both UVB and UVA (310-340 nm, with a peak at 320-330 nm).
      One treatment course, 3-45 weeks (mean 19 weeks), was given to 69 patients, and
      two treatment courses to 20 patients. The treatment was effective in 94% of the
      patients. The others did not respond. After the treatment, the need of treatment
      with topical corticosteroids had decreased in 85% of the cases, and increased in
      none. Psorilux therapy caused II degree burns in two patients and erythema
      lasting greater than 24 hours in 11 patients. Erythema was encountered in 14
      patients receiving Metec Helarium therapy but in no cases II degree burns.
      Seventeen patients received both Psorilux and Metec Helarium therapies and 14 of
      them preferred the latter.

PMID- 3859163
TI  - Pityrosporum orbiculare--a pathogenic factor in atopic dermatitis of the face,
      scalp and neck?
AB  - Pityrosporum orbiculare (pit.o.), the yeast form of Malassezia furfur, though
      usually considered to be a non-pathogenic saprophyte, in some individuals trigger
      various types of dermatitis. It is earlier shown that it is of importance in
      atopic dermatitis in the head-neck area in adults, and that elimination of the
      yeast by help of treatment with ketoconazole improve the dermatitis. In this
      large retrospective study of 741 patients prick-tested with an aqueous extract of
      pit.o., the occurrence of positive prick-test to pityrosporum was related to the
      patient's atopic manifestations. It was found that a positive prick-test to
      pityrosporum was related to active atopic dermatitis, and especially in the head
      neck region. In contrast to the common allergens in the standard prick-test
      series, however, pit.o. was not found to give positive prick-tests in patients
      with atopic conjunctivitis, rhinitis and/or asthma without active dermatitis.
      This finding strengthens the concept that hypersensitivity to the cutaneous
      microflora is of pathogenic importance in some cases of atopic dermatitis in
      adults.

PMID- 3859164
TI  - Treatment of atopic dermatitis with steroids.

PMID- 3859165
TI  - Atopic dermatitis in a population based twin series. Concordance rates and
      heritability estimation.

PMID- 3859166
TI  - A diagnostic tool for atopic dermatitis based on clinical criteria.
AB  - Forty-seven patients with atopic dermatitis was compared to non-eczematous
      controls with regard to the occurrence of different symptoms and signs. This
      comparison made it possible to analyze statistically atopic symptoms and signs
      with regard to their diagnostic importance. Hereby, a diagnostic point system was
      constructed which in 96% of probands gave the correct diagnosis. This diagnostic
      tool might be used when examining patients with obscure eczematous disease.

PMID- 3859167
TI  - Non-specific immunotherapy and specific hyposensitization in severe atopic
      dermatitis.

PMID- 3859168
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for isotype-specific quantitation of
      antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus in patients with atopic dermatitis.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to study the serum
      antibody response against Staphylococcus aureus within four immunoglobulin
      classes (IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE) in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and in
      normal controls. Soluble antigens released from S. aureus Wood 46 (protein A
      deficient) were partially purified by gel filtration of supernatant culture
      fluid. Median ELISA activity against S. aureus antigens within the IgG and IgE
      classes was significantly higher in patients than in controls (IgG, p less than
      0.005; IgE, p less than 0.05). Patients with severe disease had significantly
      higher (p less than 0.05) IgG antibody levels than those with mild AD. No such
      clinical association was found for IgE activity. The antibody levels showed no
      relation to the serum concentrations of total IgE.

PMID- 3859169
TI  - Epidermal changes in atopic dermatitis.
AB  - The epidermal changes occurring in various lesions of atopic dermatitis are
      reported. Quantitative evaluation or epidermal thickening suggests that both
      differentiated and undifferentiated compartments are increased in lichenified
      lesions. In dry skin (xerosis) of atopic dermatitis moderate but obvious
      inflammatory changes are observed. There is a mild increase of the epidermal
      volume without folding of the dermo-epidermal interface. The latter is most
      prominent in exudative and lichenified lesions where a fourfold overall increase
      of epidermal volume is observed.

PMID- 3859170
TI  - Studies of HLA-ABC and DR antigens in pure atopic dermatitis and atopic
      dermatitis combined with allergic respiratory disease.
AB  - The HLA-ABC antigens were investigated in 29 patients with pure atopic dermatitis
      and 43 patients with atopic dermatitis combined with atopic respiratory disease
      (ARD). Furthermore, the DR antigens were studied in 10 patients with dermatitis
      alone and in 24 patients with combined atopic disease. The frequencies of
      antigens and the HLA phenotypes A1, B8 and A3, B7 in the entire group of patients
      and in two subgroups did not differ significantly from those in controls, when
      correction was made for the number of comparisons made. However, the frequency of
      HLA-DR7 was strikingly low, but this observation needs confirmation. IgE levels
      were measured in eight patients with pure dermatitis and in 24 patients with
      dermatitis combined with ARD and found equally increased in both groups compared
      to controls.

PMID- 3859171
TI  - Delayed type hypersensitivity in atopic dermatitis.
AB  - Three different aspects of delayed type hypersensitivity in atopic dermatitis
      (A.D.) were studied. (a) Intradermal testing demonstrated that positive reactions
      to bacterial vaccines were distinctly lower in patients with A.D. (b) Patch
      testing in patients with A.D. compared to tests in patients with anal eczema
      showed a striking difference in results concerning the substances to which
      positive reactions were found. (c) Patients with A.D. (n = 18), atopics without
      A.D. (n = 10), patients with contact dermatitis (n = 10), and normal controls (n
      = 10), were patch tested with various human dander (H.D.) fractions after
      stripping the stratum corneum with skin tape. Only patients with A.D. showed
      positive reactions, the maximum response being at 24-48 hours. There was no
      difference in reaction pattern between partially purified H.D. subfractions.
      Histopathological examination revealed an eczema-reaction. Patch testing within
      the same patient groups with purified house dust mite allergen P1 demonstrated
      similar results. Although this finding argues against a specific role of H.D.
      allergen in A.D. it may at least be concluded that H.D. preparations have the
      capacity to provoke immediate as well as delayed type skin reactions.

PMID- 3859172
TI  - A prospective computerized study of 500 cases of atopic dermatitis in childhood.
      I. Initial analysis of 250 parameters.
AB  - We report the initial results arising from analysis of a prospective computerized
      study of infantile atopic dermatitis in which, among other factors, the criteria
      of severity of the dermatitis was considered for the first time. Besides
      providing informations on the natural history of childhood AD, this study showed
      that onset of asthma was significantly earlier in children affected with severe
      AD.

PMID- 3859173
TI  - Role of some infectious agents in atopic dermatitis.
AB  - Certain infections such as Kaposi's herpetic eruption, impetigo, recurrent
      cutaneous herpes simplex and warts are more frequent in subjects with atopic
      dermatitis. It is likely that the continuous alterations of the skin are more
      important than immunological factors in increasing the frequency of some
      infections in subjects with atopic dermatitis. Moreover, these infections do not
      seem to affect significantly the clinical course of atopic dermatitis.

PMID- 3859174
TI  - Leukemic manifestations in a patient with extranodal lymphoma--lymphosarcoma cell
      leukemia or prolymphocytic leukemia?

PMID- 3859175
TI  - A case of chronic myelocytic leukemia in myeloblastic crisis with eosinophilia
      after splenic irradiation.

PMID- 3859176
TI  - Osteogenesis imperfecta clinical features, hearing loss and stapedectomy.
      Biochemical, osteodensitometric, corneometric and histological aspects in
      comparison with otosclerosis.

PMID- 3859177
TI  - Natural killer cell activity of peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear
      cells from patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Patients with untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia had highly significantly
      reduced natural killer cell activity in peripheral blood (p less than 0.01) and
      bone marrow (p less than 0.001) mononuclear cells compared with that in
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells in normal healthy controls. Patients in
      remission had normal killer cell activity (p greater than 0.5) both in peripheral
      blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells. Thus, the natural killer cell activity
      correlated well with the disease activity in the patients.

PMID- 3859178
TI  - Focus on the Italian psychiatric reform.

PMID- 3859179
TI  - Psychiatric practice in Umbria: research and transformation processes in the
      light of juridical-prescriptive events.
AB  - The present paper provides a synthetic account of the process of renewal and
      transformation of psychiatric care in Umbria, and, more specifically, in Perugia,
      in the last two decades. In the first part we attempt to show that the
      significance assigned to the normative aspect in the framework of psychiatric
      care in Italy has been excessive, particularly in the last few years. In the
      second, we try to give an account of the psychiatric work done in Umbria. We deal
      first with the period preceding the passing of Law no. 180 by the Italian
      Parliament; then we discuss the relationship between the new law and the
      processes in action; finally, we consider more recent problems concerning the
      attempts to promote a psychiatric counter-reformation and the theory and practice
      of our work.

PMID- 3859180
TI  - Application of the Psychiatric Reform Act in the city of Naples. A survey of
      requests for compulsory admission to the special unit at the University
      Psychiatric Department I.
AB  - One of the most patent inconsistencies in the application of the 1978 Psychiatric
      Reform Act in many areas of Southern Italy has resulted from the irrational
      choice, by regional governments, of the general hospitals in which Psychiatric
      Special Units had to be implemented, and from the inappropriate determination of
      territorial boundaries defining the competence of such Units. Thus, in the city
      of Naples, it was decided, in June 1978, to set up Psychiatric Special Units only
      in the two University Psychiatric Departments and in the Psychiatric Emergency
      Ward at S. Gennaro Hospital. These Units, equipped with an overall number of 39
      beds, were put in charge with the whole province of Naples (about three millions
      inhabitants). Quite arbitrarily, it was established that University Departments
      had to admit patients coming from the city of Naples and S. Gennaro Hospital
      those residing in the rest of the province. By an equally arbitrary choice,
      female patients from the city of Naples were entrusted to the University
      Department I and male patients to the Psychiatric Department II. In the following
      years, from 1979 to 1983, some additional Units were set up in general hospitals
      of the Naples province. Nonetheless, available beds have not exceeded the overall
      number of 69, and the catchment areas of the three pre-existing Special Units
      have not been modified. The chaotic situation engendered by this incongruous
      application of the Reform Act is outlined, by means of an analysis of the
      requests for compulsory admission addressed to the Special Unit at the
      Psychiatric Department I of Naples University during the periods June 16, 1978
      December 31, 1979 and June 16, 1982-December 31, 1983.

PMID- 3859181
TI  - Patients admitted for compulsory treatment to selected psychiatric units in Italy
      and in Sweden.
AB  - Eighty-five Italian and forty-nine Swedish patients consecutively admitted for
      compulsory treatment to either an Italian or a Swedish psychiatric unit in
      selected areas of the two countries have participated in an exploratory study
      aimed at assessing the main characteristics of compulsory admitted patients, and
      in particular, the immediate reason for admission. The two series proved to be
      quite similar as concerns most sociodemographic variables, and as concerns
      clinical diagnosis and severity of the morbid condition at admission as measured
      by means of a rating scale. More Swedish than Italian patients lived alone when
      admitted to hospital, and for more of them the request for admission was made by
      other people than relatives, and a larger proportion of them was accompanied to
      the hospital by medical or social welfare personnel. In both series the largest
      proportion had a low educational level and belonged to the lower social groups.
      The same proportion in the two series had previous admissions. The most common
      reason for admission was "odd or improper behaviour" for the Swedish patients,
      and "feared or manifest dangerousness" for the Italian patients. The Italian
      patients remained at hospital on average half the time than the Swedish patients.

PMID- 3859182
TI  - The impact of Psychiatric Reform on inpatient services in a metropolitan area of
      Southern Italy: the Naples case.
AB  - Six years after the Psychiatric Reform, phasing out of Mental Hospital and
      implementing a community based Mental Health System, i.e. the main goals of the
      Reform, are not yet performed in Southern big cities of Italian peninsula. In
      Naples metropolitan area this new Mental Health policy faces with a dramatic lack
      of community services. This paper summarizes data concerning the trends in
      psychiatric admissions to some inpatient public settings of Naples before and
      after the Reform, with the intent of pointing out the short-time outcomes of this
      law in a highly populated area. The Authors stress some positive results of the
      Reform in the study area, as well as the factors which have contributed to the
      inadequate application of the new law.

PMID- 3859183
TI  - Psychiatric hospitalization in Italy before and after 1978.
AB  - The available information system in Italy does not allow to adequately evaluate
      the change in patterns of hospitalization that have taken place after the 1978
      Mental Health Act came into force. There are huge differences among Northern and
      Southern Italy and inside these areas. On average, the reduction of public
      psychiatric hospitals activity had begun around 70's. People living in these
      hospitals at the census day January 1st were about 75,000 in the first years of
      the 70's, were 58,000 in 1977 and further decreased to 38,000 in 1981 (67.6 per
      100,000 total population). This decrease was not counterbalanced either by
      private psychiatric hospitals, or by the newly opened Psychiatric Departments in
      general hospitals. Scant or no information is available on intermediate
      facilities, and on follow-up of discharged inpatients.

PMID- 3859184
TI  - The end of the mental hospital. A review of the psychiatric experience in
      Trieste.
AB  - This paper describes the closing of the mental hospital in Trieste and the
      establishing of a comprehensive community mental health service, over a period of
      13 years from 1971. In 1971 the hospital had 1058 patients. By 1975 there were
      656 patients, 403 of whom were guests, in effect ordinary citizens who had
      nowhere else to live. The paper describes this dramatic and innovative
      transformation, the rearrangement of wards, the abolition of shock therapies, the
      establishment of many flats and group homes, the starting of a cleaning
      cooperative employing ex-patients to do the work they previously did as
      "ergotherapy", the first mass exodus of the patients into the city. The paper
      goes on to describe the opening of 7 mental health centres between 1975 and 1977
      and the present existing network of services. At this time the hospital buildings
      were converted into a variety of uses for the benefit of the local people. It
      describes in greater detail the philosophy and practice of one of these centres
      at Barcola and how the dialectical relationship between staff and client works to
      create a flexible and responsive service. It ends by repeating the assertion that
      the closure of the mental hospital is a first necessary step towards an improved
      mental health service for everyone.

PMID- 3859185
TI  - Bringing into action the psychiatric reform in South-Verona. A five year
      experience.
AB  - The organization of psychiatric care in Verona prior to the new Italian Mental
      Health Act, and the organization of the new South-Verona Community Psychiatric
      Service (CPS) implemented in 1978 after the approval of the new law, are
      described. Case-register data for the period 1979-1983 are also reported. To
      compare in-patient care provided in South-Verona after the Reform with that of
      the previous year, data on hospital admissions during 1977 were collected
      retrospectively. From 1977 to 1983 compulsory admissions have decreased by 67%,
      the average number of occupied beds per day and the average length of in-patient
      stay have decreased by 34%, while the total rates of admission have increased by
      4%. The long-stay in-patient rate, which was already considerably low in 1977
      (48/100,000), is still decreasing slightly and no "new" long-stay patients have
      accumulated in psychiatric institutions during the past three years. In South
      Verona most of the patients are treated outside the hospital and the same staff
      is responsible for in- as well as for out-patient care (which includes
      domiciliary visits and day care), to ensure therapeutic continuity. Although it
      lacks some complementary facilities the South-Verona CPS in its five years of
      experience has been able to bring into action the psychiatric reform as indicated
      by the new Law.

PMID- 3859186
TI  - Register studies: data from four areas in Northern Italy.
AB  - Descriptive statistics derived from four psychiatric case-register areas are
      presented. Attrition numbers of long-stay inpatients and the accumulation of high
      user patients in non-residential facilities are discussed, with the aim of
      providing tentative suggestions for a more rational planning of services.
      Similarities and differences among various areas of Northern Italy are also
      described.

PMID- 3859187
TI  - Focus on the Italian psychiatric reform: an introduction.

PMID- 3859188
TI  - A model of a single comprehensive mental health service for a catchment area: a
      community alternative to hospitalization.
AB  - The possibility of overcoming the Psychiatric Hospital with a single Community
      Service consisting of a network of territorial activities for the total
      population of a defined area is described. An evaluation is made from 1971 to
      1983. Handicapped children are treated essentially in the family and normal
      educational structures. Diagnostic prevalence of more serious cases, modes of
      treatment, scholastic facilities and rejection of special schools are described.
      Work methods and community facilities, mean-year incidence and one-year
      prevalence of patients aged 15 + are examined. The latter convalidates priority
      towards serious risk situations. Specific rehabilitation and work-reintegration
      are programmed for handicap and disability patients. Release of long-stay
      psychiatric patients continues through alternative programmes with housing
      facilities. By 1985 the Psychiatric Hospital should close down. The population is
      treated by the C.M.H.S. when hospitalized in the General Hospital where no
      psychiatric ward exists. Crisis intervention, alternative treatment and
      hospitalization statistics are described.

PMID- 3859189
TI  - Management of angina pectoris. Proceedings of the Seventh Paavo Nurmi Symposium,
      Porvoo, Finland, October 6-8, 1983.

PMID- 3859190
TI  - The relationship between prognosis and angiographic and exercise data.

PMID- 3859191
TI  - Left ventricular function in myocardial ischaemia.

PMID- 3859192
TI  - Coronary circulation in the presence of vascular disease.
AB  - This paper discusses three specific aspects of coronary circulation as they
      relate to the patient with coronary artery disease. Firstly, the normal
      autoregulatory and metabolic control of the coronary circulation is considered in
      the light of current understanding of the relevant processes. Secondly, the
      implications of microcirculatory heterogeneities are discussed. Thirdly, the
      implications of the current debate on the impact of cardiac contraction for our
      understanding of the perfusion of the myocardium in compromised circumstances are
      analysed in an attempt to provide the clinician with a tool for assessing current
      therapy.

PMID- 3859194
TI  - Evidence of myocardial ischaemia in patients with chest pain syndromes and normal
      coronary angiograms.
AB  - Patients with chest pain syndromes and normal coronary angiograms were studied
      with a new set of methods that included thermodilution coronary sinus blood flow
      and coronary dye dilution curves with special computer analysis, oxygen and
      lactate determinations, thallium scannings, atrial pacing and dipyridamole tests.
      The following observations and conclusions were made: Patients with cardiac
      hypertrophy have a reduced circulating coronary blood volume in relation to the
      left ventricular mass; this may play a role in patients' vulnerability to
      ischaemia. During pacing-induced angina a significant imbalance between oxygen
      supply and demand can be demonstrated in patients with "syndrome X". Dipyridamole
      induced chest pain as a result of myocardial ischaemia seems to occur in patients
      with normal coronary arteries. Marked ischaemia evidenced by a regional intensity
      reduction of 25% or more in thallium scans results in a significant increase in
      coronary volume. This is obviously due to mobilization of reserve vasculature as
      a response to ischaemia. A reduction in the ratio of myocardial oxygen supply to
      demand was demonstrated even in connection with milder defects, the regional
      intensity reduction being as low as 12.5%.

PMID- 3859193
TI  - Progressive vasomotor changes in ischaemic myocardium.
AB  - Under certain conditions, a progressive increase in vascular resistance occurs
      within ischaemic myocardium during the first three hours after coronary artery
      stenosis. Measurements of vasodilator reserve in the ischaemic region
      demonstrated that this is at least partly due to an increase in vascular smooth
      muscle tone. Two hypotheses were suggested as an explanation: release of
      vasoconstrictors within the ischaemic area, or a decreasing release of
      vasodilators. Potential coronary constrictors considered included norepinephrine,
      PGF2 alpha, thromboxane A2, and high K+. Each of these substances was eliminated
      as the source of the vasoconstriction by pharmacological studies on ischaemic
      canine hearts. Measurement of adenosine release from isolated guinea pig hearts
      provided support for the possibility that the vasoconstriction results from a
      decreasing release of metabolic vasodilators. Throughout the period of ischaemia,
      both blood flow and myocardial function were far below the levels that could have
      been achieved in the presence of the stenosis. We conclude that during moderate
      ischaemia, myocardial function and blood flow are linked in a positive feedback
      cycle which promotes reduced ventricular function and coronary blood flow.

PMID- 3859195
TI  - Coronary atherosclerosis revisited. A pathologist's view.
AB  - For many years the paradigm of coronary atherosclerosis, set by pathologists, was
      the far-advanced lesion containing extensive atheromatosis with calcifications.
      From the point of view of understanding atherogenesis, however, it is much more
      rewarding to study the coronary artery in patients without clinical evidence of
      obstructive coronary artery disease. In fact, the normal coronary artery is most
      revealing in showing discrete intimal changes, which consist of a splitting of
      the internal elastic lamina accompanied by a proliferation of vascular smooth
      muscle cells. This process eventually results in the formation of the musculo
      elastic layer. In time the cellular and muscular appearance of this layer
      gradually transforms into a more densely packed fibrous texture. It is of
      interest, from a point of view of atherogenesis, that the early atherosclerotic
      lesions often display the histologic features of the musculo-elastic layer at the
      base of the plaque. Hence, these observations support the concept that the basic
      lesion in coronary atherosclerosis is a proliferation of vascular smooth muscle
      cells, most likely as a response to injury. To this extent a dysfunction of the
      endothelial cell barrier may by crucial. The observations also indicate that the
      mechanisms involved in atherogenesis also may alter vascular tone and hence, may
      contribute to a "spastic state" of the coronary arteries. A classification of
      angina pectoris, on the basis of pathogenesis into organic and spastic may thus
      prove to be simplistic.

PMID- 3859196
TI  - Narrowing of coronary artery: thresholds for the occurrence of angina pectoris.
AB  - The degree of narrowing of coronary artery that caused angina pectoris, was
      estimated in female and male patients with single vessel coronary artery disease,
      with the aid of quantitative measurements of a single stenosis in arteriograms.
      In female patients, the onset of mild angina pectoris (NYHA, functional class I
      II) occurred when the coronary artery diameter was reduced by an average of 41
      per cent, whereas it could not be estimated reliably in male patients because
      they nearly all had well developed collaterals bypassing the stenosis. For severe
      angina pectoris (NYHA, functional class III-IV) the mean stenosis was 72 per cent
      in female and 78 per cent in male patients.

PMID- 3859197
TI  - Role of coronary spasm in different anginal syndromes.
AB  - Angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome caused by transient myocardial ischaemia
      due to an imbalance between myocardial oxygen demand and supply. It is now
      evident that coronary artery spasm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of
      various forms of angina pectoris. Angina pectoris that is mainly caused by
      coronary artery spasm (coronary spastic angina) has one or more of the following
      characteristics: 1) the attack occurs at rest, 2) the attack is associated with
      ST-segment elevation in the ECG, 3) the attack has a variable exercise threshold,
      and 4) the attack is suppressed by Ca-antagonists but not by beta-adrenergic
      blocking agents. On the other hand, angina pectoris that is caused by increased
      myocardial oxygen demand in the presence of severe and extensive organic stenosis
      (organic angina) has the following characteristics: 1) the attack is induced by
      constant amount of exertion irrespective of hour and day and is relieved by rest,
      2) the attack is associated with ST-segment depression in the ECG, and 3) the
      attack is suppressed by beta-adrenergic blocking agents, which decrease
      myocardial oxygen demand.

PMID- 3859198
TI  - New characteristics of angina, ischaemia and coronary disease based on the
      reality outside hospital.

PMID- 3859199
TI  - The chromosomal assignment of muscle-specific genes.

PMID- 3859200
TI  - Actions of prostaglandin E2 metabolites on skin microcirculation.
AB  - The actions of prostaglandin, E2 on skin microcirculation were compared with two
      of its metabolites. 2-10 ng prostaglandin E2, 2-10 micrograms 15-keto
      prostaglandin E2 and 5-10 micrograms 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin E2
      produced the following dose-related effects: increased area and intensity of
      erythema in human skin, increased vascular permeability in rat skin, potentiation
      of the increased vascular permeability elicited by either histamine or
      bradykinin, potentiation of carrageenan-induced oedema in the rat paw. The
      prostaglandin E2 metabolites are about 1000 times less active than the parent
      prostaglandin and are unlikely to account for the inflammatory actions of
      prostaglandin E2.

PMID- 3859201
TI  - Regulation of the macrophage oxidative burst by mediators: effects of inhibitors.

PMID- 3859202
TI  - Relationship between zinc and prostaglandin metabolisms in plasma and small
      intestine of rats.
AB  - The effect of zinc nutriture on levels of prostaglandin (PG) E2, F2 alpha and 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha in the plasma and small intestine of rats, and that of PGE2 and
      PGF2 alpha on unidirectional uptake of 65Zn by everted gut sac of rats was
      determined. When zinc was given intraperitoneally, plasma PGE2 and intestinal
      PGF2 alpha levels increased, while the intestinal PGE2 and the plasma PGF2 alpha
      and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels decreased in accordance with the amount of zinc
      given. Oral administration of excess zinc increased intestinal PGE2, PGF2 alpha
      and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels and the plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels. The
      intestinal levels of PGE2 increased significantly only in rats on zinc excess
      diet, and of PGF2 alpha only in rats on a zinc deficient diet. The plasma PGE2
      levels in rats on both zinc deficient and zinc excess diets increased but PGF2
      alpha levels in zinc deficient rats were greatly reduced compared to controls.
      Unidirectional zinc uptake by everted gut sac of the rat is also enhanced by PG
      metabolites. These results are consistent with the view that PGs participate in
      regulating the zinc transport mechanism in small intestine.

PMID- 3859203
TI  - X-linked glycogen storage disease. A cause of hypotonia, hyperuricemia, and
      growth retardation.
AB  - Seven male members of one family had a form of glycogen storage disease that was
      inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. The clinical manifestations included
      hepatomegaly, delay in growth and sexual maturation, muscular weakness in
      childhood, and gouty arthritis. The cause of the glycogen accumulation did not
      appear to be a deficiency of glucose 6-phosphatase, debrancher enzyme,
      phosphorylase, or phosphorylase kinase. Prognosis appeared to be good although
      there was significant disability during childhood.

PMID- 3859204
TI  - Tourette syndrome: clinical and psychological aspects of 250 cases.
AB  - Tourette syndrome is a common hereditary neuropsychiatric disorder consisting of
      multiple tics and vocal noises. We summarize here clinical aspects of 250
      consecutive cases seen over a period of 3 years. The sex ratio was four males to
      one female, and the mean age of onset was 6.9 years. Only 10% were Jewish,
      indicating that it is not more prevalent in Ashkenazi Jews. Only 33% had
      compulsive swearing (coprolalia), indicating that this is not necessary for the
      diagnosis. The most frequent initial symptoms were rapid eye-blinking, facial
      grimacing, and throat-clearing. In this series, it was clear that Tourette
      syndrome is a psychiatric as well as a neurological disorder. Significant
      discipline problems and/or problems with anger and violence occurred in 61%, and
      54% had attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Some degree of
      exhibitionism was present in 15.9% of males and 6.1% of females. Obsessive
      compulsive behavior was seen in 32%. Other than tics and vocal noises, the most
      common parental complaints were of short temper and everything being a
      confrontation. There were no significant clinical differences between familial
      and sporadic cases. Whenever a child presents with a learning disorder, attention
      deficit disorder, or significant discipline or emotional problems, the parents
      should be questioned about the presence of tics or vocal noises in the patient
      and other family members.

PMID- 3859205
TI  - Multilocus linkage analysis in humans: detection of linkage and estimation of
      recombination.
AB  - Multilocus linkage analysis is investigated from the viewpoint of the efficiency
      of recombination estimates under different strategies for detecting linkage and
      determining gene order within a linkage group. We consider the appropriateness of
      assuming no interference with data available in human genetic studies. Examples
      are given to show the significance of multilocus analysis in humans. A computer
      program package, LINKAGE, for multilocus linkage analysis is described.

PMID- 3859206
TI  - Carbapenems: a new class of antibiotics.

PMID- 3859207
TI  - Imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of osteomyelitis.
AB  - Thirty-four patients with osteomyelitis were treated for a mean of 32.5 days with
      2 to 4 g per day of imipenem/cilastatin. Twenty-six infections involving the
      lower extremities were associated with accidents and prosthesis implantation, and
      19 of 34 patients had more than one organism isolated. Gram-positive and gram
      negative organisms were equally represented, but follow-up bone culture samples
      showed only 11 percent of gram-positive organisms persisted versus 23 percent of
      gram-negative organisms. Seventy-four percent of patients were cured or improved,
      and failures were related to resistant organisms and the inability to perform
      adequate surgical debridement. Adverse drug side effects included nausea,
      diarrhea, liver enzyme elevations, and neutropenia, but discontinuation of
      treatment was required in only three patients. Imipenem/cilastatin holds promise
      as monotherapy in complicated polymicrobial osteomyelitis.

PMID- 3859208
TI  - Pneumonia treated with imipenem/cilastatin.
AB  - In an open, prospective, multicenter trial the efficacy and tolerance of
      imipenem/cilastatin for the treatment of bacterial pneumonia was investigated.
      Forty-three adults were studied: 29 with nosocomial and 14 with community
      acquired infections. Significant underlying disease was present in 91 percent of
      patients. Nosocomial infection was frequently associated with endotracheal
      intubation (48 percent), prior antibiotic therapy (48 percent), and recent
      surgery (31 percent). Most frequent sputum isolates included Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa (10, all nosocomial), Hemophilus influenzae (10), Escherichia coli
      (eight), Staphylococcus aureus (seven), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (six).
      Treatment with imipenem/cilastatin was associated with clinical cure in 93
      percent of patients. Two of three failures and one superinfection occurred in
      association with isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to imipenem.
      Overall, six of 10 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated prior to therapy
      developed resistance to imipenem after an average of 10 days of therapy. Adverse
      effects occurred in nine patients (21 percent) and included one case of
      pseudomembranous colitis. Monotherapy with imipenem/cilastatin of serious lower
      respiratory tract infections was relatively safe and highly effective with the
      exception of disease associated with P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 3859209
TI  - Multiple-dose study of imipenem/cilastatin in patients with end-stage renal
      disease undergoing long-term hemodialysis.
AB  - Multiple doses of imipenem/cilastatin were administered to patients with end
      stage renal disease undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Schedules of 250 mg every
      six hours, 500 mg every six hours, and 500 mg every 12 hours were studied. Five
      hundred mg every 12 hours was the most efficient schedule that maintained
      effective trough antibiotic activity. Twelve volunteers including two patients
      with clinical infections using the dose schedule of 500 mg every 12 hours
      received imipenem/cilastatin for two to 14 days without any notable clinical side
      effects. Imipenem peak and trough concentrations averaged 29 +/- 5 micrograms/ml
      and 10 +/- 3 micrograms/ml, respectively. No accumulation of imipenem occurred
      during the trial. Cilastatin peak and trough concentrations were 89 +/- 38
      micrograms/ml and 70 +/- 27 micrograms/ml, respectively. The plasma concentration
      of cilastatin increased with each dose until the next hemodialysis session.

PMID- 3859210
TI  - Efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin in endocarditis.
AB  - Imipenem, a potent new beta-lactam antibiotic, which is bactericidal against most
      pathogenic bacteria, and cilastatin, a dehydropeptidase inhibitor combined with
      imipenem to prevent the metabolism of imipenem in the kidney, were evaluated in
      the treatment of bacterial endocarditis. Seventeen patients, including 14 who
      used intravenous drugs, were treated with imipenem/cilastatin in a dose of 500 mg
      each infused over 30 minutes every six hours. The mean duration of treatment was
      29 days with a range of 21 to 56 days. Causative bacteria were Staphylococcus
      aureus in 10 patients, S. aureus plus group B Streptococcus in one, viridans
      group Streptococcus in two, Neisseria subflava, Eikenella corrodens, and group G
      Streptococcus in one patient, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Hemophilus
      aphrophilus, and Enterobacter aerogenes in one patient each. The minimal
      bactericidal concentration of imipenem against 16 of 18 isolates tested was 0.04
      micrograms/ml, 1 microgram/ml against H. aphrophilus, and 0.4 micrograms/ml
      against E. aerogenes. The site of infection was the right side of the heart in 11
      patients, the left side in five, and both sides in one. The mean number of days
      to defervescence was 9.7. All patients were cured, and none required cardiac
      surgery. Adverse effects were few and interrupted treatment occurred in only one
      patient who had acute dyspnea during an infusion on Day 26 of therapy.
      Imipenem/cilastatin appears to be a relatively safe and highly effective
      treatment of staphylococcal endocarditis in intravenous drug users; too few
      patients with endocarditis caused by other bacteria were treated to allow a firm
      statement about efficacy in non-staphylococcal endocarditis.

PMID- 3859211
TI  - Imipenem/cilastatin: general experience in a community hospital.
AB  - Imipenem/cilastatin is a new carbapenem antibiotic with broad spectrum
      antimicrobial activity. Forty two patients with infections of various types,
      including skin and soft tissue, respiratory tract, bone and joint, and urinary
      tract, were treated with this antibiotic in an open noncomparative study.
      Clinical responses to therapy were excellent and failures were only encountered
      with infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains that developed
      resistance during therapy. Superinfection rates were minimal as were toxicities.
      Imipenem/cilastatin appears to be a relatively safe and highly effective broad
      spectrum antibiotic.

PMID- 3859212
TI  - Role for newer beta-lactam antibiotics in treatment of osteomyelitis.
AB  - Monotherapy of osteomyelitis with the newer broad-spectrum beta-lactam
      antibiotics has become attractive because of the efficacy, safety, and cost of
      these antibiotics when compared with conventional combination therapy.
      Imipenem/cilastatin is a recent and promising addition to this antibiotic family.
      Experience with imipenem/cilastatin and that reported for cefotaxime,
      ceftazidime, and ceftizoxime in the treatment of biopsy-proved osteomyelitis was
      compared, using data from published reports from five centers. Two hundred forty
      three patients were evaluable: 34 were treated with imipenem/cilastatin, 84 with
      cefotaxime, 122 with ceftazidime, and 33 with ceftizoxime. Staphylococcus aureus
      was isolated by 80 bone cultures and was the most common single species
      encountered. There were 75 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 113 mixed
      Enterobacteriaceae species, 115 mixed gram-positive and -negative isolates of
      miscellaneous species, and 30 anerobic isolates. Polymicrobial infection was
      present in 101 cases (41.6 percent). Failure rates were similarly low in all
      groups (10 to 30 percent). However, resistance developed during therapy in all
      groups with P. aeruginosa. Side effects were predictably few, but reversible
      neutropenia, pseudomembranous colitis due to Clostridium difficile, and nausea
      required therapy to be discontinued in seven patients. Imipenem/cilastatin should
      prove to be a very effective and relatively safe single agent for treatment of
      osteomyelitis.

PMID- 3859213
TI  - Carbapenems, a new class of beta-lactam antibiotics. Discovery and development of
      imipenem/cilastatin.
AB  - The discovery of Streptomyces cattleya and its antibiotic product, thienamycin,
      has ushered in a new era of beta-lactam agents, the carbapenems. Numerous
      carbapenems were subsequently discovered; however, none had the potency, broad
      spectrum activity, and lack of cross-resistance exhibited by thienamycin.
      Chemical instability encountered with thienamycin was overcome by the N
      formimidoyl derivative, imipenem. Imipenem is distinguished from other beta
      lactams by its outstanding activity against gram-positive organisms as well as
      against Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacteroides. However,
      development was hindered by extensive renal metabolism of imipenem, resulting in
      low urinary concentrations of antibiotic. A renal dipeptidase, dehydropeptidase
      I, was responsible for hydrolyzing imipenem and other carbapenems. To counter its
      action, a specific inhibitor, cilastatin, was developed. Coadministered with
      imipenem in a one-to-one ratio, cilastatin provides prolonged, reversible
      blockade of imipenem metabolism, dramatically improving urinary recoveries to
      therapeutically significant levels. Cilastatin also contributes to the safety of
      imipenem, since its coadministration prevents proximal tubular necrosis which has
      been observed in sensitive animals receiving imipenem alone in high doses. Thus,
      the combination imipenem and cilastatin overcame the pharmaceutical and metabolic
      challenges presented by thienamycin, and allowed for the evaluation in humans of
      the outstanding antimicrobial activity of this new class of beta-lactam
      antibiotics.

PMID- 3859214
TI  - Impact of imipenem/cilastatin therapy on normal fecal flora.
AB  - The impact of parenteral imipenem/cilastatin therapy on the bowel flora of six
      patients was evaluated. Stool samples were collected before and during therapy
      and qualitative and quantitative bacteriologic studies were performed. Imipenem
      had no effect on total microorganism counts. Two patients acquired Candida
      albicans during therapy, and three patients acquired Proteus species. Pseudomonas
      species in one patient acquired resistance. Imipenem appears to have a relatively
      modest effect on the bowel flora and apparently does not readily induce
      resistance in the resident flora as compared with other agents.

PMID- 3859215
TI  - Pharmacokinetic profile of imipenem/cilastatin in normal volunteers.
AB  - Imipenem is a new carbapenem antibiotic. It is coadministered with an equal
      amount of cilastatin, a dehydropeptidase-I inhibitor. Both drugs achieve similar
      serum concentrations in normal volunteers. Half-lives for both drugs are on the
      order of one hour and are excreted in the main into the urine. Cilastatin has
      been documented to have a metabolite, N-acetyl cilastatin, which can be recovered
      in the urine in an amount equivalent to approximately 12 percent of the
      administered dose of the parent compound. Less than 1 percent of a radiolabeled
      dose of either compound can be recovered in the feces, making clinically
      significant alterations of the fecal flora unlikely with the imipenem/cilastatin
      combination. Although probenecid causes only a minor effect on imipenem
      pharmacology, it increases the area under the curve and half-life of imipenem and
      decreases the renal clearance of cilastatin significantly. In view of the
      pharmacokinetic profile of imipenem/cilastatin, the microbiologic activity of
      imipenem, and the post-antibiotic effect of imipenem against Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, imipenem/cilastatin has the potential to control the majority of
      bacteremic nosocomial pathogens.

PMID- 3859216
TI  - Imipenem/cilastatin: pharmacokinetic profile in renal insufficiency.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of 250 mg each of intravenous imipenem and cilastatin in
      combination and 250 mg of cilastatin alone were studied in subjects with varying
      degrees of renal clearance. Renal disease did not change the volume of
      distribution of either drug. When the glomerular filtration rate was greater than
      100 ml per minute, 48.6 percent of imipenem and 57.1 percent of cilastatin were
      recovered unchanged in the urine. Consequently, as the glomerular filtration rate
      declined, the half-life of imipenem increased from 1.02 hours in normal subjects
      to 3.69 hours in those undergoing dialysis. For cilastatin, the comparable values
      were 0.86 and 17.08 hours, respectively. The kinetics of cilastatin were
      unaffected by imipenem. The greater effect of renal disease on the half-life of
      cilastatin was due to a concomitant 87 percent reduction in nonrenal clearance.
      Both drugs were removed by hemodialysis. Dialysis reduced the half-life of
      imipenem from 4.80 to 2.45 hours and that of cilastatin from 16.63 to 3.86 hours.
      Therefore, dose adjustments will be required in patients with markedly reduced
      renal function and supplemental dosing will be required after hemodialysis.

PMID- 3859218
TI  - Review of adverse experiences and tolerability in the first 2,516 patients
      treated with imipenem/cilastatin.
AB  - The clinical and laboratory data relating to the adverse experiences and
      tolerability of imipenem/cilastatin in the first 2,516 patients treated with the
      antibiotic are reviewed, with special reference to the last 793. Clinical adverse
      experiences were predominantly related to the gastrointestinal system (nausea and
      vomiting), local injection site, and allergy (rash). A low frequency of drug
      related seizures was also reported. The most frequent adverse laboratory
      experiences were transient elevations of liver function test values. In general,
      the safety profile was similar to that of other beta-lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 3859217
TI  - Potential of imipenem as single-agent empiric antibiotic therapy of febrile
      neutropenic patients with cancer.
AB  - Infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality for the patient with
      cancer who experiences episodes of severe granulocytopenia. The search continues
      for new antimicrobial agents with improved efficacy and lower incidence of
      toxicity. Imipenem is a new carbapenem antibiotic which possesses a broad
      antibacterial spectrum with excellent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
      the other commonly recovered enteric gram-negative bacilli that infect the
      granulocytopenic patient with cancer. The combination of imipenem plus an
      aminoglycoside has shown in vitro synergy against P. aeruginosa and
      Staphylococcus aureus whereas the combination of imipenem plus piperacillin or
      the extended spectrum cephalosporins have frequently shown antagonism when tested
      against P. aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens. The use of a P. aeruginosa
      infected neutropenic rat model has provided an in vivo system to evaluate the
      activity of new antibiotics or antibiotic combinations. Monotherapy with imipenem
      is as effective in this model as any of the currently available synergistic
      antibiotic combinations. This degree of activity has not been found with other
      broad-spectrum antibiotics when used alone. Imipenem provides serum bactericidal
      activity well above a 1:8 dilution for the four most commonly isolated pathogens:
      P. aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, and S. aureus. In addition,
      imipenem's post-antibiotic effect against P. aeruginosa may be pertinent.
      Imipenem is a unique antibiotic, with properties that make it well suited for
      study as monotherapy for fever and suspected infection in granulocytopenic
      patients with cancer. A prospective randomized, double-blind study comparing
      imipenem with a control regimen of piperacillin plus amikacin as empiric
      antibiotic therapy of febrile granulocytopenic patients with cancer is currently
      underway at the University of Maryland Cancer Center.

PMID- 3859219
TI  - Imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of obstetric and gynecologic infections.
AB  - Fifty-five patients with soft tissue pelvic infections were treated with
      imipenem/cilastatin 500 mg intravenously every six hours for a minimum of four
      days. Six patients were unevaluable, one because of protocol non-compliance and
      five because no pathogen was isolated. At enrollment, mean temperature was 39.5
      degrees C and the mean white blood cell count was 14,700. Of 49 evaluable
      patients, 43 (87.8 percent) had complete clinical cures. In three of the six
      patients with clinical failures, subsequent alternative antibiotic treatment also
      failed and they required operative intervention for pelvic abscess. In two of the
      patients with failures, antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis developed
      after three days of imipenem/cilastatin therapy, requiring discontinuation of the
      medication. At the time of discontinuation, both patients had clinical failures.
      All microbiologic isolates were susceptible to imipenem/cilastatin, although at
      least one pathogenic organism persisted in two patients with clinical failures
      despite apparent in vitro susceptibility of the organism to imipenem/cilastatin.
      Imipenem/cilastatin is a promising agent for the empiric treatment of serious
      obstetric and gynecologic infections although surgery often remains a necessary
      treatment for pelvic abscess regardless of initial antibiotic choice.

PMID- 3859220
TI  - Safety and efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin in treatment of complicated urinary
      tract infections.
AB  - Forty-three patients were treated with imipenem/cilastatin for urinary tract
      infections. The patients were predominantly men (77 percent), 60 years of age or
      older (81 percent), and had infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (58
      percent). Forty of 43 cases were complicated (including tumor, stone,
      obstruction, and renal insufficiency). Approximately 33 percent of patients were
      febrile (temperature greater than 100.4 degrees). All patients received 500 mg of
      imipenem/cilastatin intravenously every eight hours. Microbiologic eradication
      was defined as a sterile urine culture sample obtained from two consecutive urine
      cultures, one during therapy and one five to nine days after therapy. All
      patients experienced clinical improvement with microbiologic eradication. No
      patients experienced drug-related clinical adverse effects.

PMID- 3859221
TI  - Imipenem/cilastatin therapy of bacteremia.
AB  - Imipenem/cilastatin was used to treat 135 patients with bacteremia and signs of
      infection. Ninety percent responded favorably. The bacteriologic eradication rate
      was 98 percent among the 153 isolates. Only one patient had breakthrough
      bacteremia and this was a susceptible Clostridium septicum. In two isolates of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, emergence of resistance to imipenem during therapy was
      noted and appeared to be responsible for clinical failure. Superinfection
      occurred in 13 patients and was responsible for two treatment failures.

PMID- 3859222
TI  - Finite element method modeling of craniofacial growth.
AB  - The application of the concepts of continuum mechanics and of the numerical
      techniques of the finite element method permits the development of a new and
      potentially clinically useful method of describing craniofacial skeletal growth.
      This new method differs from those associated with customary roentgenographic
      cephalometry in that its descriptions and analyses are invariant; that is, they
      are independent of any method of registration and superimposition. Such
      invariance avoids the principal geometric constraint explicit in all analytical
      methods associated with conventional roentgenographic cephalometry. The
      conceptual and mathematical bases of the finite element method (FEM) are
      presented and illustrated by the numerical and graphic descriptions of the two
      dimensional growth of the rat skull, for which two sets of longitudinal growth
      data are used. In practice, the FEM permits analysis of the skull at a scale
      significantly finer than previously possible, by considering cranial structure as
      consisting of a relatively large number of contiguous finite elements. For each
      such element, independently, it is then possible to describe and depict both the
      magnitude and the direction of temporal size and shape changes occurring in that
      element relative to itself at some initial time. It is emphasized that such
      descriptions are completely independent of any local reference frame.

PMID- 3859223
TI  - The puzzle of growth rotation.
AB  - This article presents a re-examination of the concept of "intramatrix rotation"
      as defined by Bjork and Skieller in 1983 and also explored by Lavergne and
      Gasson. This concept is based upon stable landmarks in the mandible (metallic
      implants). Bjork and Skieller postulated that "intramatrix rotation" is an
      expression of the remodeling at the lower border of the mandible and assumed that
      the rotation occurred in the corpus of the mandible. Lavergne and Gasson, on the
      other hand, contended that the rotation affected the ramus and the gonial angle
      and, consequently, the length of the condylion-pogonion diagonal. An alternative
      interpretation of mandibular rotation is presented here. It is based upon an
      exploration of two divergent hypothetical patterns of growth: (1) a circular
      growth direction with a center on the chin and no enlargement of the mandible but
      maximal rotation versus (2) a linear growth direction with maximal enlargement of
      the mandible but minimal rotation. In reality, most children will fall in between
      these two postulated extreme patterns. This mechanism for selective enlargement
      of the mandible in response to condylar growth increments may be termed
      counterbalancing rotation. An operational definition is presented as follows:
      counterbalancing rotation pertains to circular condylar growth, accompanied by
      selective coordinated remodeling, which does not contribute to the incremental
      growth of the mandible.

PMID- 3859224
TI  - Dentofacial relationships in persons with unoperated clefts: comparisons between
      three cleft types.
AB  - A total of thirty persons with unoperated unilateral cleft lip and alveolus,
      unilateral cleft lip and palate, and bilateral cleft lip and palate were
      evaluated. The ages of these persons ranged from 7 to 50 years. Fifty parameters
      were measured on the cephalograms and the dental casts. Descriptive statistics
      for these parameters were calculated. The analysis of variance (general linear
      models procedure) was performed to compare the three cleft groups. Among the
      significant differences between the cleft groups was an increased steepness of
      the mandibular plane in persons with palatal clefts. In addition, the persons
      with bilateral cleft lip and palate had a significant reduction in maxillary
      intercanine width. A description of the different dentofacial relationships of
      the different cleft types was also presented. From the findings of the present
      and previous investigations, it could be surmised that there are differences in
      the dentofacial relationships of persons with different cleft types. These
      differences need to be recognized, since they can influence both our
      understanding of the effects of the surgical repair of the lip and/or palate and
      the orthodontic management of these cases. The present findings in this
      relatively limited group of persons indicates that there is still a need to
      examine in detail a larger number of persons with untreated clefts of the lip
      and/or palate and to compare them with surgically treated persons from the same
      population if possible.

PMID- 3859225
TI  - Androgens and estrogens affect hepatic bile acid sulfotransferase in male rats.
AB  - The effect of estrogens and androgens on hepatic glycolithocholate
      sulfotransferase activity was studied in male rats. Significant increases in
      specific activity were noted following treatment of rats for 21 days with 17 beta
      estradiol, 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol, and the nonsteroidal estrogen agonists
      nafoxidine, tamoxifen, and diethylstilbestrol. Similar treatment of male rats
      with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, hydrocortisone, norethindrone, and prolactin
      did not affect activity. To further assess the effect of androgens, male rats
      were castrated. Glycolithocholate sulfotransferase activity increased fivefold by
      14 days after castration. Treatment of castrated rats with 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone prevented the increase and maintained activity at the level
      of sham-operated animals. Castrated animals exhibited an additional increment in
      activity following treatment with 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol: specific activity in
      these animals rose to levels comparable with those measured in untreated female
      rats. These data suggest endogenous androgens maximally suppress hepatic
      glycolithocholate sulfotransferase activity in male rats. The data also indicate
      that activity is stimulated by estrogenic compounds of varied chemical structure
      and that stimulation is not solely due to suppression of androgen release by the
      testes as a consequence of estrogen treatment.

PMID- 3859227
TI  - Computed tomographic brain scanning in four neuropsychiatric disorders of
      childhood.
AB  - CAT scans were performed in 66 patients with neuropsychiatric disorders of
      childhood (infantile autism, attention deficit disorder, Tourette's disorder, and
      language disorder) and a control group of 20 medical patients. Ventricular volume
      and brain density were determined by quantitative, computer-based methods by
      researchers blind to the patients' diagnoses. There were no significant
      differences among diagnostic groups or between neuropsychiatric patients and
      medical control patients in total ventricular volume, right-left ventricular
      volume ratio, ventricular asymmetries, ventricle-brain ratios, or brain density.

PMID- 3859226
TI  - Effect of sustained water diuresis on prostaglandin E2 excretion in humans.
AB  - The relationship of the renal excretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to urine flow
      during a water diuresis was examined using radioimmunoassay (RIA) and gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Seven normal women fasted overnight
      were water loaded with 20 ml/kg orally, and each hour for 3 h they drank water to
      replace the urine volume plus 20 ml. The osmolality of the collected urines
      ranged from 49 to 1,073 mosmol/kg. Assay of urinary PGE2 concentrations by both
      RIA and GC-MS gave a correlation coefficient of 0.94. Eight normal women were
      then studied with a water diuresis sustained for 6 h. The excretion of PGE2
      (measured with the validated RIA) increased for the 1st 2-3 h (from 1.8 +/- 0.5
      to 25.8 +/- 16.6 pg X kg-1 X min-1), but then fell to base-line level by the 5th
      h (to 2.9 +/- 0.8 pg X kg-1 X min-1) even though the water diuresis was
      sustained. The urinary concentration vs. time curves for PGE2 and for the freely
      diffusible solute urea were compared. PGE2 concentration remained elevated for 3
      h before falling (from the 100 pg/ml range to 15 pg/ml) while urea concentration
      decreased steadily from the 1st h. This finding suggests that the early urinary
      PGE2 excretion was not a washout phenomenon and is consistent with a transient
      increase in PGE2 synthesis. We conclude that urinary excretion of PGE2 is not a
      simple function of urine flow after a water load. There is a transient initial
      increase in urinary PGE2 excretion at the start of a water load that probably
      reflects an increase in renal PGE2 synthesis. However, with a sustained water
      diuresis, PGE2 excretion falls, indicating that an enhanced PGE2 synthesis rate
      is not required to sustain a water diuresis.

PMID- 3859228
TI  - Loiasis: "Calabar" swellings and involvement of deep organs.
AB  - The authors report clinical and histopathologic changes in six patients with
      symptomatic loiasis. One patient had cutaneous swellings, three patients
      presented with hydrocele, one patient developed bowel obstruction, and one had
      generalized fatal loiasis. The first five patients had localized lesions provoked
      by adult worms; all were surgically removed. The sixth patient died of
      disseminated loiasis that included a severe loal encephalitis. The authors
      discuss the mechanism of "Calabar" swellings, the reaction to adult Loa loa worms
      and loal encephalitis.

PMID- 3859229
TI  - The importance of personality assessment in the treatment of bulimia. A review of
      two cases.

PMID- 3859230
TI  - Intravascular lidocaine toxicity: influence of epinephrine and route of
      administration.
AB  - The intravenous (tail vein) and intra-arterial (internal carotid artery)
      toxicities of 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine, and the combination of drugs
      were tested in unanesthetized rats. At least 3 doses (normally 10 animals/dose)
      were used per drug and route of administration; the drugs were given by bolus
      injection. Probit analysis of lethal dose-response curve data revealed that
      lidocaine, with or without epinephrine, was significantly more toxic
      intravenously than by internal carotid artery injection and that epinephrine
      potentiated the intravascular toxicity of lidocaine. These results modify
      proposals suggesting that local anesthetics injected accidentally into a branch
      of the external carotid artery may cause serious adverse reactions by flowing in
      retrograde fashion down to the internal carotid artery and then directly to the
      brain.

PMID- 3859231
TI  - Deflection of conventional versus nondeflecting dental needles in vitro.
AB  - Deflection of conventional and newly introduced nondeflecting dental local
      anesthetic needles were compared in vitro by radiographic examination of the
      course of the needles in a hydrocolloid impression material. Results indicated
      significantly less deflection of the new needles when compared to a variety of
      conventional needles. Controlled clinical trials will be required to test the
      significance of this finding.

PMID- 3859232
TI  - Long-acting local anesthetics in oral surgery: an experimental evaluation of
      bupivacaine and etidocaine for oral infiltration anesthesia.
AB  - The effect of bupivacaine 7.5 mg/ml with epinephrine 5MUg/ml, etidocaine 15 mg/ml
      with epinephrine 5 MUg/ml, and lidocaine 20 mg/ml with epinephrine 12.5 MUg/ml
      was studied when used for oral infiltration anesthesia. Twenty healthy volunteers
      took part in the experimental and double-blind study. One ml of the respective
      anesthetic solution was deposited supraperiosteally in the apical area of the
      maxillary right lateral incisor. Onset time, frequency of analgesia, gingival
      spread, and duration of tooth analgesia were studied and duration of soft-tissue
      numbness registered. The present investigation showed that lidocaine had a
      shorter onset time compared with bupivacaine. No difference with regard to
      frequency was found. Bupivacaine and etidocaine had a longer period of soft
      tissue numbness, but a significantly shorter duration of tooth analgesia than
      lidocaine.

PMID- 3859233
TI  - A clinical study of bupivacaine for mandibular anesthesia in oral surgery.
AB  - Previous studies have shown the usefulness of bupivacaine in oral surgery. A
      clinical trial was conducted comparing bupivacaine to lidocaine in 20 patients
      undergoing the surgical removal of bilateral impacted mandibular third molar
      teeth at separate appointments. A combination analog and category pain scale was
      used to assess pain on four occasions over the first 24 hours following the
      operation. Results showed a marked reduction in postoperative pain experienced
      over this time and almost unanimous patient preference for bupivacaine.

PMID- 3859234
TI  - Pulpal response to intraligamentary injection in the cynomologus monkey.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine if intraligamentary injection causes
      qualitative histopathologic changes in the dental pulp of a Cynomologus monkey.
      In as much as the pulp and periapical tissues of the monkey are similar to that
      of humans, nonresolving damage to the pulp would contraindicate periodontal
      ligament injection in procedures where the tooth would not be extracted or the
      pulp extirpated. Periodontal ligament injection in this study did not produce any
      histopathological pulpal changes when compared to the pulps of uninjected teeth.

PMID- 3859236
TI  - Macromolecular structure and specificity: computer-assisted modeling and
      applications.

PMID- 3859235
TI  - The ethiopathogenic role of oxygen humidifiers connected to intermittent
      mandatory ventilation valves on nosocomial pneumonias.

PMID- 3859237
TI  - On the construction of computer models of proteins by the extension of
      crystallographic structures.

PMID- 3859238
TI  - Design of anticancer drugs using modeling techniques.
AB  - Flexibility of intercalation site geometries within a B-DNA helix was
      investigated in the twist-shift plane using energy minimization methods. The
      parameters optimized included sugar conformation, the glycosidic angles and
      phosphodiester torsion angles. Our calculations show several regions of
      energetically favorable intercalation geometries in the twist-shift plane.
      Modeling studies using interactive computer graphics and electrostatic potential
      surface compatibility provided initial hypotheses for the structures of the drug
      DNA complexes. These hypotheses were supported and extended by energy
      minimizations of these complexes. Binding positions, conformational features and
      relative minimum binding energies of two anticancer drugs, mitoxantrone and
      bisantrene, were computed for intercalation complexes with DNA in the
      theoretically defined intercalation sites. Mitoxantrone intercalates DNA from the
      minor groove and the side chain OH or NH groups are involved in hydrogen bonds
      with the main chain phosphate groups of DNA, thereby cross-linking the
      complementary strands. The hydroxyl groups of mitoxantrone can also participate
      in hydrogen bonding with phosphate oxygens of another chain, thereby cross
      linking DNA helices. Bisantrene intercalates DNA favorably from the major groove
      and the NH group of the dihydroimidazole ring can participate in hydrogen bonding
      with the phosphate oxygens of the backbone. These models are consistent with the
      physicochemical and electron microscopic studies of the interaction of
      mitoxantrone and bisantrene with DNA. Our results are now being used to guide the
      design of novel anticancer drugs that should interact with DNA in a manner
      similar to that proposed for our representative drugs.

PMID- 3859239
TI  - Calculations of the three-dimensional structures of proteins.

PMID- 3859240
TI  - Engineering aspects of protein structure.

PMID- 3859241
TI  - Hereditary motor sensory neuropathy type II with neurofilament accumulation: new
      finding or new disorder?
AB  - Peroneal muscular atrophy is now known to be heterogeneous and to be due to
      various underlying genetic mechanisms. Exploring this heterogeneity further, we
      report on a German kinship with the clinical, genetic, and nerve conduction
      features of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type II (HMSN type II) but
      whose sural nerves on biopsy were found to show infrequent axonal swellings with
      neurofilament accumulations not previously described. The dominant inheritance
      and absence of kinky hair set this disorder apart from giant axonal neuropathy.
      There was no history of toxic exposure to industrial chemicals. We conclude that
      the disorder either is a new type of HMSN or is HMSN type II with previously
      unencountered neurofilament accumulations. Neurofilament accumulation indicates
      that the axon could be a site for primary derangement and may implicate an
      abnormality of slow axonal flow. In addition, some of the patients exhibited
      features suggestive of a cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3859242
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of imipenem-cilastatin in neonates.
AB  - Imipenem and its renal dehydropeptidase I inhibitor, cilastatin, were
      coadministered intravenously in a 1:1 ratio to 30 newborns. Five infants each
      received single doses of 10, 15, or 20 mg/kg of both drugs. Concentrations in
      plasma were proportional to the administered dose, and cilastatin achieved
      consistently higher concentrations than did equivalent doses of imipenem because
      of its smaller volume of distribution. The pharmacokinetics of both drugs were
      best described by a one-compartment model. The plasma half-lives of imipenem were
      1.7 to 2.4 h, whereas those of cilastatin were 3.9 to 6.3 h. The plasma clearance
      of cilastatin was approximately one-quarter of that of imipenem in the dose range
      tested. The urinary concentrations of imipenem were 50% of those of cilastatin
      despite its higher clearance from plasma. Fifteen additional newborns received
      five to eight doses of imipenem-cilastatin at 20 mg/kg per dose every 12 h. There
      was no accumulation of either drug in plasma after repeated administrations, and
      the mean concentrations in plasma were similar when measured on the first and
      last days of the multiple-dose study. There was marked intersubject variability,
      more so for cilastatin. The pharmacokinetics of both drugs in neonates resembled
      those observed in adults with moderate to severe renal insufficiency. Because the
      effects of enzyme inhibition on neonates are unknown, additional studies with
      imipenem-cilastatin (primaxin) are recommended.

PMID- 3859243
TI  - Single-dose pharmacokinetics of imipenem-cilastatin in neonates.
AB  - The single-dose pharmacokinetics of imipenem (N-formimidoyl thienamycin), a beta
      lactam antibiotic, used in combination with cilastatin, a renal dehydropeptidase
      I inhibitor, were evaluated in 10 neonates 1 to 8 days of age. The imipenem
      cilastatin combination was given intravenously over a 15-min period at a dose of
      15 or 25 mg/kg. Drug concentrations in serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid
      (when available) were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and
      plasma disposition of the drugs was described by a two-compartment open model.
      The mean peak plasma levels of imipenem 30 min postinfusion were 55.4 and 27.2
      micrograms/ml, and the mean t1/2 beta values were 2.1 and 1.8 h at doses of 25
      and 15 mg/kg, respectively. The calculated volume of distribution was 0.41
      liters/kg. In two patients from whom cerebrospinal fluid was obtained 1.5 h
      postinfusion, imipenem levels were 5.6 and 1.1 micrograms/ml at doses of 25 and
      15 mg/kg, respectively, representing 10 and 4% of the 1-h serum levels. No side
      effects attributable to a single dose of imipenem-cilastatin were noted.

PMID- 3859244
TI  - In vitro antibacterial activity of BMY-28142, a new extended-spectrum
      cephalosporin.
AB  - The in vitro activity of BMY-28142 was compared with that of cefotaxime,
      ceftazidime, moxalactam, and imipenem against 639 clinical isolates and a number
      of in vitro-selected resistant mutants. BMY-28142 was the most potent compound
      against the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae with a MIC for 90% of the
      strains of 0.12 micrograms/ml. The activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was
      comparable to that of ceftazidime and imipenem. Strains of staphylococci were
      moderately susceptible to BMY-28142 (MIC required to inhibit 90% of strains, 4
      micrograms/ml), but Streptococcus faecalis isolates were resistant. The activity
      of the five compounds was inoculum dependent for several gram-negative species.
      By a single-step selection procedure, resistant mutants were selected from
      strains of Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, and P. aeruginosa. The
      mutant frequencies with the cephalosporins, including BMY-28142, ranged between
      10(-6) and 10(-8). BMY-28142 was the most active cephalosporin against these
      resistant organisms, most of them strong beta-lactamase producers. It inhibited
      all mutants of C. freundii and E. cloacae at 2 micrograms/ml and all mutants of
      P. aeruginosa at 32 micrograms/ml. Imipenem on the other hand was as active on
      all of these resistant organisms as on the parent strains.

PMID- 3859245
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of imipenem and cilastatin in patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of imipenem, a new carbapenem antibiotic, and cilastatin, a
      metabolic inhibitor, were evaluated in 17 patients with cystic fibrosis. Imipenem
      and cilastatin were combined in a ratio of 1:1 in the infusion solution, and
      patients intravenously received 30, 60, or 90 mg of imipenem per kg of body
      weight per day, divided into four equal doses. Pharmacokinetic evaluation after
      the first dose and again under steady-state conditions revealed biodisposition
      characteristics which were similar and independent of the daily dose
      administered. Cilastatin concentrations in serum paralleled those of imipenem. A
      linear relationship between dose and area under the serum concentration-time
      curve for both compounds was observed, suggesting a first-order pharmacokinetic
      process. A total of 50 and 78% of the doses of imipenem and cilastatin,
      respectively, were recovered unchanged in the urine. The renal clearances of
      imipenem and cilastatin averaged 54 and 88%, respectively, of the serum
      clearance. These data suggest that an extrarenal mechanism may be involved in the
      overall elimination of imipenem. No patient experienced any clinical or
      biochemical abnormalities during drug therapy.

PMID- 3859246
TI  - Stimulation of 16-dehydroprogesterone and progesterone reductases of Eubacterium
      sp. strain 144 by hemin and hydrogen or pyruvate.
AB  - Suspensions of Eubacterium sp. strain 144, prepared from cells grown with 16
      dehydroprogesterone, catalyzed the reduction of this steroid to 17
      isoprogesterone at a very low rate. Modifications of the assay to optimize the pH
      (5.5) and increase the steroid solubility (10% [vol/vol] methanol) did not
      significantly enhance the reaction. However, growth of strain 144 in the presence
      of hemin was found to stimulate 16-dehydroprogesterone reductase during the
      initial 30 min of incubation, giving a biphasic time course. These biphasic
      kinetics could be eliminated by providing the cells with an exogenous electron
      donor. Strain 144 used either H2 or pyruvate for this purpose, and 17
      isoprogesterone formation was nearly complete after 20 to 30 min of incubation.
      However, under these conditions, strain 144 further converted 17-isoprogesterone
      to products which lacked UV absorbance (254 nm). When progesterone was used as a
      substrate, it was found that strain 144 could reduce the C4-C5 double bond of
      this steroid by a progesterone reductase to give mostly 5 beta-pregnadione and
      some 5 alpha-pregnadione. Furthermore, the 3-keto group of 5 beta-pregnadione
      steroid was also reduced to a hydroxy function. The maximum activities of both 16
      dehydroprogesterone and progesterone reductases in cell suspensions required the
      growth of strain 144 with hemin and 16-dehydroprogesterone and the presence of H2
      or pyruvate.

PMID- 3859247
TI  - 17 beta-hydroxysteroid and 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities of
      human placental microsomes: kinetic evidence for two enzymes differing in
      substrate specificity.
AB  - During storage at 4 degrees C, the 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
      of human placental microsomes with estradiol-17 beta was more stable than that
      with testosterone. In order to evaluate the basis for this difference, kinetics
      with C18-, C19-, and C21- steroids as substrates and/or inhibitors was studied in
      conjunction with an analysis of the effects of detergents. Both 17 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) and 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase (20 alpha-HSD) activities were detected. At pH 9.0, apparent
      Michaelis constants were 0.8, 1.3, and 2.3 microM for estradiol-17 beta,
      testosterone, and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, respectively, 17 beta-HSD
      activity with testosterone was inhibited by estradiol-17 beta, 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone, 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone,
      and progesterone. In each case 90 to 100% inhibition was observed at 50 to 200
      microM steroid. Activity with 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone was similarly
      sensitive to inhibition by C19-steroids. By contrast, 25 to 45% of the activity
      with estradiol-17 beta was not inhibited by high concentrations of C19- or C21
      steroids and differed from the 17 beta-HSD activity with testosterone and the
      major fraction of that with estradiol-17 beta by being insensitive to
      solubilization by detergent. These results are consistent with an association of
      two dehydrogenase activities with human placental microsomes. One recognizes C18
      , C19-, and C21-steroids as substrates with comparable affinities. The second
      appears to be highly specific for estradiol-17 beta. The former activity may
      account for most if not all of the oxidation-reduction at C-17 of C19-steroids
      and at C-20 of C21-compounds at physiological concentrations by term placental
      tissue.

PMID- 3859248
TI  - [Phase II study of methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy-alpha-D
      glucopyranoside (MCNU)].
AB  - Sixty-seven patients with hematological malignancies and 4 with cancers were
      evaluated in this study. Standard administration of MCNU was instituted
      intravenously using 50-100 mg/m2 every 2 or 4 weeks, whereas some cases were
      treated with a higher dose therapy. Of 10 patients with chronic myelogenous
      leukemia, 7 achieved complete remission (CR), and 1 achieved partial remission
      (PR). A good response was also obtained in 9 of 10 patients with polycythemia
      vera and in all 4 patients with essential thrombocythemia. MCNU was less
      effective in malignant lymphoma (ML) and multiple myeloma (MM) than in
      myeloproliferative disorders. Two of 15 patients with ML and one of 21 patients
      with MM achieved CR, and two with ML and three MM achieved PR. Three patients
      with lung cancer and 1 with gastric cancer showed no response to MCNU. Delayed
      anemia, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 38.7% of patients,
      and these were regarded as major side effects of MCNU. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia
      and elevated transaminase were also found in about 24% of patients, but only
      transiently. Our study indicates that MCNU is useful for chemotherapy of
      hematological malignancies, especially of myeloproliferative disorders.
      Therefore, further studies on combination chemotherapy with MCNU should be
      developed.

PMID- 3859249
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of cases of remission induction failure in acute myelogenous
      leukemia].
AB  - Among 73 patients who were admitted to our hospital between 1972 and 1983, 9 died
      before starting chemotherapy, 29 achieved complete remission (CR) with an initial
      regimen of induction chemotherapy, while the remaining 35 patients failed to
      achieve CR with this initial regimen. Patients with high initial WBC counts
      (greater than 100,000/cmm), old age, temperature (greater than 38 degrees C) and
      antecedent hematological disorders, were more prone to failure of remission
      induction therapy. Comparing CR patients and non-CR patients, there seemed to be
      no difference in sex distribution, initial platelet counts, initial LDH,
      percentage of blasts in the blood and bone marrow, the incidence of DIC and the
      regimen used for remission induction. According to Preisler's criteria, remission
      induction failure cases were further subdivided into various types and the
      numbers of each type were as follows: Type I (absolute drug resistance) 1, Type
      II (relative drug resistance) 16, Type III (regeneration failure) 0, Type IV
      (hypoplastic death) 6 and Type V (early death) 11. Among 18 M1 cases, 8 were Type
      II or Type V. Four out of 7 M2 cases belonged to Type II and all 3 M3 cases were
      Type V. Six out of the 35 remission induction failure patients entered CR with
      the 2nd chemotherapy regimen and 19 patients died during induction treatment with
      the initial induction regimen. Causes of death were infection (5 cases), bleeding
      (6 cases), infection and bleeding (3 cases) and organ failure (5 cases).

PMID- 3859250
TI  - [Phase II study with methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy-alpha-D
      glucopyranoside (MCNU) in hematological malignancies].
AB  - Forty-two cases of hematological malignancy (18 cases of CML, three cases of
      polycythemia vera, 10 cases of malignant lymphoma and 11 cases of multiple
      myeloma) were treated with MCNU. The results obtained were as follows. MCNU was
      markedly effective on CML cases, being especially useful during the chronic
      phase, and a partial remission was observed in one of three patients with CML
      blastic crisis. A good response was observed in all cases with polycythemia vera.
      In some cases of malignant lymphoma, a fair response was observed. No response
      was observed in any of the cases of multiple myeloma. Myelosuppression was a
      major side effect of MCNU, but other side effects other than melena were not
      severe.

PMID- 3859251
TI  - [Combination effects of CDDP, ACR and HCFU on progressive urothelial tumors].
AB  - Nine patients with progressive urothelial tumors treated with combination
      chemotherapy were evaluated. The median age of the patients was fifty-four; 6 men
      and 3 women; 7 of the tumors were of the renal pelvis and/or ureter and at stage
      C or D at the time of initial chemotherapy. Another of the tumors was triple
      cancer (bladder, prostate, sigmoid) and the remaining case was of bladder cancer.
      The stage of the two bladders cancers was T4. All patients were treated with CDDP
      (cis-platinum), ACR (aclarubicin hydrochloride) and HCFU (carmoful) and given
      from one to 3 courses repeated at three-week intervals (mean 2.3 courses). Seven
      patients were evaluable while two had no evaluable lesions. The response with
      this chemotherapy was 2 cases of PR (28.5%), 4 cases of NC and one case of PD. No
      severe toxicities such as nephrotoxicity or cardiotoxicity, were revealed with
      this combination chemotherapy.

PMID- 3859252
TI  - [Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, cisplatin,
      nimustine(ACNU), and methotrexate (EACAM) in advanced adenocarcinoma of the
      lung].
AB  - Twenty-two patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung were treated with
      the combination chemotherapy "EACAM" consisting of cyclophosphamide (333mg/m2 X
      1), adriamycin (27mg/m2 X 1), cisplatin (25mg X 5), nimustine (33mg/m2 X 1), and
      methotrexate (27mg/m2 X 3). This regimen was repeated once every 4 or 5 weeks.
      One complete response (CR) and 8 partial responses (PR) were obtained in 21
      evaluable patients and the response rate was 42.9%. It has not been possible to
      calculate the median survival time for all of the evaluable cases, since 13 of
      them are still alive up to the present time. The side effects observes were as
      follows: nausea and vomiting (81.8%), alopecia (81.8%), stomatitis (22.7%),
      leukocytopenia less than 2,000/mm3 (45.5%), and thrombocytopenia less than 5 X
      10(4)/mm3 (18.2%). Apart from strong myelosuppression, no severe infection or
      bleeding tendency was noticed. A mild elevation of serum createnine was observed
      in one patient, and no patients developed renal insufficiency. The combination
      chemotherapy "EACAM" is therefore considered to be a very effective and tolerable
      treatment for adenocarcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 3859253
TI  - [Acute hyperleukocytic lymphoblastic leukemia (greater than or equal to 100,000
      leukocytes/mm3). Metabolic changes during induction treatment. Study, prevention
      and treatment].
AB  - Acute leukemias with high white blood count have a poor immediate prognosis and
      the treatment must be started within the first hours following diagnosis. It is
      necessary to prevent and to treat the severe metabolic disorders observed during
      induction treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with WBC greater than or
      equal to 100,000/mm3. We analysed all the metabolic disorders in a retrospective
      study of 45 patients in order to determine their adequate prevention and
      treatment. Prevention of hyperuricemia and of secondary renal failure is now
      possible with urate oxidase, allowing an aggressive and rapid induction.
      Hyperkalemia can be prevented by urinary alkalinization and hyperphosphoremia
      with hypocalcemia by high dose intravenous calcium therapy. Renal failure is
      often transitory and functional. Disseminated intravascular coagulation is
      treated by heparin and platelets infusion and severe hyperglycemia requires
      insulin therapy.

PMID- 3859254
TI  - Examinations concerning the development of lymphoma following transplantation
      i.p. of AKR mouse lymphoma cells into hybrid mice.
AB  - Authors used a mouse lymphoma line--originated from a spontaneous AKR lymphoma-
      for serial transplantation into AKR mice. The homogenizate of the thymoma was
      always transplanted i.p. into the same mouse strain. When the cells taken from
      leukemic AKR mice were transplanted into adult C3H/He mice, these did not cause
      leukemia in the recipients. However, it turned out that the lymphoma cells were
      able to proliferate in the F3 hybrids of AKR male mouse crossed with C3H/He
      female. The question then arose, whether the donor cells originated from the AKR
      mouse grew and caused the lymphoma, or the transplanted cells would induce the
      cells of the recipient to develop lymphoma. On the basis of the results it was
      established that the AKR lymphoma cells themselves started developing in the
      recipients, when they were transplanted into hybrid mice and the cells of the
      recipient did not. The identification of the transplanted cells was done by the
      presence of the Rb [4.15] metacentric marker chromosome. These cells were found
      in the thymus, the lymph nodes and in the developing ascites of the hybrid mice.
      Two kinds of cell types were found in the lymph nodes, one of them contained the
      marker, while other did not. The spleen cells were free of the marker chromosome.
      These data suggest that the thymus manifestation of the AKR mouse lymphoma is
      heterogeneous--it consists at least of two major types of tumor cells. One of
      them has affinity to the thymus and the lymph nodes, while the other to the
      spleen and the lymph nodes too.

PMID- 3859255
TI  - Myofascial pain syndrome: electromyographic changes associated with local twitch
      response.
AB  - Electromyographic (EMG) recordings of the local twitch response in sixteen
      subjects with pain from active myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius
      muscle were examined and compared with recordings from the contralateral normal
      muscle bands in the same individual. Needle electromyography and a specific
      reproducible snapping palpation technique were used to elicit and record the
      local twitch response. The mean value for the EMG recordings of bands with
      trigger points versus the normal muscle bands using the visual scoring method
      were 3.81 and .81 respectively. Mean values for the EMG recordings of muscle
      bands with trigger points versus the normal muscle using the spike counting
      method were 31.81 and 8.75 respectively. Both results were statistically compared
      using student's t-test. The motorunit electrical activity of the bands with
      trigger points was found to be significantly higher (p less than or equal to
      0.001) than that of the normal muscle.

PMID- 3859256
TI  - [Morphogenesis and histophysiology of the corpus luteum].
AB  - A great amount of different problems on morphogenesis and histophysiology of the
      corpus luteum is presented, with an emphasis on light optic and ultrastructural
      data that characterize the developmental dynamics of the corpus luteum. The
      vascular reaction is described in details, beginning from the preovulatory
      period. The total high vascularization rate is demonstrated and certain
      information on ultrastructure of newly formed capillaries and macrophages is
      concerned with. For the first time the authors' data on intravascular macrophages
      are given. The role of macrophages in the function and structural dynamics of the
      corpus luteum is discussed. Owing to the results obtained histochemically,
      ultrastructurally and biochemically, the subject on dynamics of the corpus luteum
      hormonoproduction, on processes participating in the hormone secretion, as well
      as on the role of the interstitial tissue in the corpus luteum formation is
      considered. The data from the literature and those of the authors are presented
      concerning the means and ways of progesteron transport in the form of vesicles,
      granules, or by means of molecular diffusion. Participation of the corpus luteum
      macrophages (tissue and vascular ones) in processes of synthesis and transport of
      progesteron is analysed. The role of prostaglandins in the chain of regulation of
      development, function and involution of the corpus luteum is studied. The changes
      in balance of prostaglandins, when prostaglandin F2 is administered result in
      decreasing amount of progesterone in blood. In the experiment, synthesis of
      prostaglandins is blocked by indometacin administration and it causes certain
      disturbances in luteal transformation.

PMID- 3859257
TI  - Chronic idiopathic megaduodenum in a family.
AB  - This paper reports a family in which idiopathic megaduodenum occurred. The index
      case was a 17 year old male with lifelong steatorrhea, episodic vomiting of food
      consumed days before, offensive belching, and recurrent abdominal pain and
      distention. The diagnosis was made by a barium meal examination, but only after a
      failed small bowel biopsy suggested some anatomical abnormality. Direct
      questioning about family members then revealed that his father, aged 43 years,
      had similar symptoms and a subsequent barium meal confirmed the diagnosis.
      Screening of the family revealed megaduodenum in the 20 year old sister who was
      totally asymptomatic and had normal fecal fat levels but an abnormal breath test.
      The remainder of the family members were asymptomatic and had normal radiology.
      This family, in which idiopathic megaduodenum occurred in three of six members,
      is reported because it illustrates some of the features of idiopathic
      megaduodenum and chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. It also
      demonstrates the need to investigate the families of apparent sporadic cases.
      Such investigation may uncover additional symptomatic and asymptomatic
      individuals who may be presenting diagnostic difficulty, and who, by virtue of an
      early diagnosis, may be spared unnecessary surgery.

PMID- 3859258
TI  - Low dose cytarabine in acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia or myelodysplastic
      syndrome: report of six cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Low dose cytarabine (10 mg m-2, 12 hourly by subcutaneous injection) was used to
      treat four patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia, two of whom had failed
      standard induction chemotherapy, and two patients with refractory anemia with
      excess blasts in transformation. Following treatment two patients entered
      complete remission (CR) and two patients had survivals of ten and 18 months in
      stable partial remission. All patients have died, four of progressive or
      recurrent leukemia, one of a treatment-related intracerebral hemorrhage, and one
      of lung carcinoma while in CR. Our experience, and a review of the literature,
      suggest that in general low dose cytarabine is well tolerated, although
      myelosuppression is common and thrombocytopenia can be a major problem. This form
      of treatment appears to offer a useful alternative to intensive induction
      chemotherapy in those patients in whom such treatment is usually poorly
      tolerated, and has the advantage of being able to be given to an outpatient.

PMID- 3859259
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the central nervous system.
AB  - In 44 out of 758 patients (5.8%) with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting between
      1971 and 1982, the central nervous system (CNS) was involved. Patients with a
      diffuse histology had a 7.6% (34/449) incidence of CNS involvement compared to
      3.9% (10/257) for patients with nodular lymphoma. In 63% of patients there was
      evidence of progressive systemic lymphoma at the time of diagnosis of CNS disease
      and in 23% CNS relapse occurred in clinical remission. Bone marrow was involved
      in 34% of patients at diagnosis and in 52% at some time prior to the onset of CNS
      complications. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology was positive in 63% and an elevated
      protein level was found in 95% of patients. The median length of survival of the
      44 patients was only 3.2 months, but patients who responded to treatment of CNS
      lymphoma survived significantly longer than those who showed no response or
      progressed on therapy. Complete response to CNS treatment was achieved in five
      patients, of whom none relapsed in the CNS and two are long-term disease-free
      survivors. CNS prophylaxis appears justified for patients with lymphoblastic
      lymphoma, Burkitt's tumour, and diffuse undifferentiated lymphoma, who are at
      high risk of developing CNS complications. Patients with diffuse histiocytic, and
      diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic, lymphoma who have bone marrow
      involvement may also benefit from CNS prophylaxis.

PMID- 3859260
TI  - Atrial tachyarrhythmias after cardiac surgery: results of disopyramide therapy.
AB  - Of 1,247 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery, 297 (24%) developed
      a post-operative atrial tachyarrhythmia. Of these patients, 201 were suitable for
      treatment according to the study protocol. All patients were initially given
      digoxin 0.75 mg intravenously (i.v.). After two hours, those 156 patients whose
      atrial arrhythmias persisted were given a 2 mg/kg loading dose of disopyramide
      (i.v.), followed by a constant i.v. infusion (0.4 mg kg-1 h-1) or oral therapy
      (600 mg daily). Within a further 12 hours, 75 patients (48%) reverted to sinus
      rhythm, 24 within one hour. Thus 120/201 patients (60%) reverted to sinus rhythm
      within 14 hours of commencing therapy. Reversion rates of those patients with
      both atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF/AFL) were significantly lower than those
      with AF (p less than 0.001) or AFL (p less than 0.02) alone. A further 70
      patients reverted to sinus rhythm in one to 13 (mean four) days on continued drug
      therapy. Elective cardioversion restored sinus rhythm in six subjects. Atrial
      arrhythmias persisted in five patients (2.5%) at hospital discharge. Side-effects
      of disopyramide were noted in 19% of patients. Urinary retention was common
      (11.5%). Four patients with atrial flutter developed 1:1 atrioventricular
      conduction with the disopyramide loading dose. One patient with atrial
      fibrillation developed ventricular tachycardia during injection of the loading
      dose of disopyramide, but was successfully cardioverted to sinus rhythm. Two
      further patients developed significant hypotension (less than 90 mmHg systolic).
      Disopyramide is effective in the treatment of post-operative atrial
      tachyarrhythmias, but its routine use in this situation may be associated with an
      unacceptably high incidence of side-effects.

PMID- 3859261
TI  - Sheath impaction as a cause of defective intra-aortic balloon pump action in man.
AB  - Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation became ineffective in a 63 inch (160 cm) 14
      year old girl while console operation proceeded almost normally. The problem was
      simulated in a hydraulic model of the aorta and could be reproduced when the
      proximal end of the balloon engaged in the introducing sheath. Measurements of
      the balloon catheter and sheath against the patient indicated that such
      engagement had occurred during counterpulsation. The findings provide an
      explanation for apparent catheter 'kinkage' in other patients where there was
      difficulty running the Kontron console in automatic mode. Problems are
      preventable by total or partial withdrawal of the inserting sheath.

PMID- 3859262
TI  - Legionella pneumophila and water temperatures in Australian hospitals.
AB  - Thirty-four samples of warm waters from 12 psychiatric centres in Victoria and
      New South Wales were examined for legionellae by guinea-pig inoculation.
      Legionella pneumophila was isolated from 20 of the samples collected from ten of
      the establishments investigated. The detected prevalence proportion of L.
      pneumophila in waters of temperatures 36 to 43 degrees C was 0.9 (18/20), whereas
      the prevalence in waters of temperatures 45 to 54.2 degrees C was 0.14 (2/14).
      The two 'positive' waters within the latter range showed evidence of low numbers
      of L. pneumophila. No significant antibody titres to relevant serogroups were
      detected in the 112 exposed residents tested from seven psychiatric hospitals in
      New South Wales. The findings show that the temperature range with the greatest
      prevalence of L. pneumophila in warm waters is 36 to 43 degrees C. The presence
      of legionellae in these warm water-distribution systems contrasts with their
      absence from the water-distribution systems of Victorian hospitals in an earlier
      survey and underlines the value and simplicity of the usual Australian practice
      of maintaining hospital hot water temperatures at about 70 degrees C in the
      control of L. pneumophila.

PMID- 3859263
TI  - Subcutaneous emphysema: a rare complication of fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy.
AB  - Fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy is a commonly used technique. However, it is not without
      complications. We report the rare occurrence of subcutaneous emphysema,
      mediastinal emphysema, and pneumoperitoneum following routine sigmoidoscopy.

PMID- 3859264
TI  - Nasal mucosal involvement in ulcerative colitis.
AB  - A patient with ulcerative colitis, sclerosing cholangitis, and mouth ulceration,
      developed an unusual lesion involving the nasal mucosa. This was thought to
      represent another extra-intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 3859265
TI  - Right ventricular infarction, bradyarrhythmias, and cardiogenic shock: importance
      of atrial or atrioventricular sequential pacing.
AB  - We report two patients with inferior myocardial infarction, complicated by
      bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, and clinical evidence of right ventricular
      infarction. Conventional therapy of volume expansion and inotropic support was
      insufficient to maintain an adequate blood pressure. Sequential atrioventricular
      (AV) pacing for AV block (Case 1) or atrial pacing for junctional bradycardia
      (Case 2) resulted in immediate and sustained improvement in blood pressure and
      clinical indices of perfusion. We recommend consideration of these pacing modes
      in patients with inferior infarction with evidence of right ventricular
      infarction, bradyarrhythmia, and cardiogenic shock. The likely mechanism of
      improvement is by restoration of atrial transport with consequent improvement in
      ventricular function.

PMID- 3859266
TI  - Respiratory syncytial virus and heart block--cause and effect?
AB  - A child aged 3 years who developed a respiratory syncytial virus infection is
      described. His admission was complicated by the development of an irregular
      pulse. He initially had a variable first or second degree heart block with
      transient electrocardiographic evidence suggestive of pericarditis and/or
      myocarditis and later developed complete heart block. He has remained
      asymptomatic for the past four years. A search for other causes of the heart
      block proved negative. It is tempting to suggest an association between the acute
      RSV infection and the development of the heart block but such an association at
      this stage remains speculative.

PMID- 3859267
TI  - Infantile complete heart block associated with maternal Ro(SS-A)
      ribonucleoprotein autoantibodies: report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of congenital complete heart block arising during pregnancy were
      observed in association with a circulating maternal autoantibody to the soluble
      ribonucleoprotein Ro(SS-A). Neither mother had clinical evidence of Sjogren's
      syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus usually associated with anti-Ro.
      However, both had a previous history of first-trimester abortion and laboratory
      evidence of autoimmunity, and one gave a history of sialadenitis. Maternal anti
      Ro antibodies may be predictive of infantile heart block when present in pregnant
      women with overt or suspected multisystem autoimmune disease.

PMID- 3859268
TI  - Rapidly progressive fatal pulmonary infiltration by lymphoma.
AB  - Two patients with diffuse lymphoma, one diffuse large cell and the other diffuse
      mixed, large and small cell, developed an illness characterised by a high
      swingeing fever and a pulmonary infiltrate. In both patients there was clinical
      evidence of chemotherapy-induced tumour response elsewhere at the time lung
      infiltrates progressed. Blood and sputum cultures, bronchial washings, and, in
      one case, trans-bronchial lung biopsy did not establish a diagnosis and there was
      progressive clinical deterioration. Post mortem examination showed widespread
      involvement of both lungs with lymphoma. The differential diagnosis of fever and
      pulmonary infiltrates in patients with diffuse lymphoma is discussed, in
      particular the possibility of this being due to rapidly progressive lymphoma.

PMID- 3859269
TI  - Asthma due to insecticide sensitivity.
AB  - Two patients are reported in whom asthma was precipitated by exposure to
      synthetic organophosphorous insecticides. Investigation showed no evidence of
      systemic poisoning or cholinesterase inhibition and indicated that the asthmatic
      reactions may have been due to a sensitivity response. The mechanism of this
      response is unknown but it was inhibited by corticosteroids in one patient. A
      history of insecticide exposure was obtained from the affected patients only
      after careful questioning and indicates the need for awareness that sensitivity
      to insecticides may precipitate asthma and that little exposure is necessary to
      elicit a response.

PMID- 3859270
TI  - Unusual transformations of renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - The clinical course of a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus demonstrated
      that renal involvement in this disease can change, both in the predominant site
      of renal injury and in the pattern of glomerular lesions. Over 50 months she had
      first tubulo-interstitial lupus nephritis with no glomerular change, then a
      membranous nephropathy with disappearance of tubulo-interstitial inflammation,
      and finally crescentic glomerulonephritis. This case emphasizes the need for
      close follow-up of all lupus patients regardless of their initial renal
      manifestations and pathology.

PMID- 3859271
TI  - Zinc abnormalities in fulminant hepatic failure.
AB  - Zinc is an important trace metal and, in liver disease, abnormal zinc metabolism
      has been reported. In this study of patients with fulminant hepatic failure
      progressing to grade IV encephalopathy, plasma zinc concentrations fell during
      the illness to reach levels significantly below normal; during this time urinary
      zinc excretion was markedly elevated.

PMID- 3859272
TI  - Charcoal hemoperfusion treatment of severe theophylline toxicity.
AB  - A 38 year old man was admitted eight hours after taking ten grams of
      theophylline. The plasma concentration of theophylline on admission was 732
      mumol/l. In view of the patient's continuing clinical deterioration, charcoal
      hemoperfusion was undertaken. This led to a rapid fall in plasma theophylline
      concentrations and improvement in clinical signs. It is suggested that charcoal
      hemoperfusion has a role in the severely theophylline toxic patient in whom
      standard conservative measures are failing. The patient's hyperglycemia,
      metabolic acidosis, and hypokalemia are discussed.

PMID- 3859274
TI  - Ventilatory control in two asthmatics resuscitated from respiratory arrest.

PMID- 3859273
TI  - Dilated cardiomyopathy in acromegaly.

PMID- 3859275
TI  - Acute epiglottitis in childhood: report of an increased incidence in Victoria.

PMID- 3859276
TI  - Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis abscesses in a young butcher.

PMID- 3859277
TI  - Isolation of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 in Australia.

PMID- 3859278
TI  - Carcinoma of the urinary bladder in patients receiving cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 3859279
TI  - New concepts in management of neutropenia.
AB  - Neutropenia is a life-threatening sequel of hematological disorders and a
      dominant factor limiting the dosage of cytotoxic chemotherapy. The role of the
      neutrophil is of such importance in defence against microbial invasion that
      measures that modify the behaviour of residual hemopoietic tissue to promote a
      modest increase in neutrophils, can confer considerable benefit by reducing the
      frequency and severity of infection. Such a change can be mediated in bone marrow
      depression by diversion of more progeny of immature precursors into the
      neutrophil series, or by enhancement of the stimulatory drive operating on
      neutrophil production. The former effect can be achieved by hypertransfusion of
      red cells to reduce the demand on the limited precursor population for cells of
      the erythroid series. The latter effect can be achieved by administration of
      lithium carbonate. Neutropenia caused by autoimmune injury to the neutrophil
      series can also be successfully modified by measures which suppress the
      underlying immune dyscrasia or the function of the reticulo-endothelial system.
      Corticosteroid administration and splenectomy can be helpful in certain specific
      types of neutropenia. Administration of cyclophosphamide and azathioprine has
      both mutagenic and marrow suppressive potential, but can induce remissions in
      severe chronic isolated neutropenia and in systemic lupus erythematosis.

PMID- 3859280
TI  - Do Vietnam veterans suffer from toxic neurasthenia?
AB  - This paper evaluates the claim that Vietnam veterans with psychiatric disorders
      are suffering from toxic neurasthenia--a neurasthenic syndrome caused by exposure
      to pesticides while serving in Vietnam.

PMID- 3859281
TI  - The costs of schizophrenia.

PMID- 3859282
TI  - Parasuicide and depression: a comparison of clinical and questionnaire diagnoses.
AB  - The frequency with which depressive disorder is diagnosed in parasuicide varies.
      It has been suggested that when observer bias is removed and a depression
      questionnaire employed, a greater number of young women who attempt suicide will
      be designated as depressed than would be expected on the basis of previous
      clinical reports. Our study compared clinical diagnoses made according to
      Feighner's research diagnostic criteria or DSM III with the categorisations
      obtained by the Levine-Pilowsky Depression questionnaire (LPD). Fifty-one
      patients, 34 female and 17 male, were studied, 31.4% having a primary Major
      Depressive Disorder and 23.5% secondary depression as clinical diagnoses. The LPD
      categorised 72.5% as depressed. Comparison of the clinical diagnoses with
      questionnaire data suggests that the LPD is overinclusive and not as specific as
      clinical diagnosis. Alcohol and substance abuse disorders accounted for almost
      one-third of the diagnoses and are therefore an important concomitant of
      parasuicide.

PMID- 3859283
TI  - Psychotherapy: the treatment of choice for neurotic/reactive depression?
AB  - A recently published paper by Prioleau and colleagues has questioned whether the
      benefits of psychotherapy exceed those of placebo in real patients. A critique of
      that paper is presented drawing attention to key methodological weaknesses, to
      the subjective interpretation of the meta-analysis data, and to the selective and
      tendentious presentation of the authors' conclusions. Arguing that psychotherapy
      is best evaluated in relation to a limited group of conditions, and to disorders
      in which high efficacy is claimed, controlled studies of psychotherapy for
      neurotic and reactive depressive disorders are reviewed. The view that
      psychotherapy may have a key effect in influencing the natural history of these
      depressive disorders is explored.

PMID- 3859284
TI  - Admissions to a prison psychiatric unit.
AB  - Fifty consecutive admissions to the psychiatric division in a central
      metropolitan goal were given DSM III diagnoses and their psychiatric, social and
      criminal histories analysed. Seventy-two per cent suffered from schizophrenic,
      affective or organic mental illness, 56% had chronic physical disabilities and
      84% had had previous in-patient treatment in either hospital or prison or both.
      Fifty-four per cent exhibited psychopathology that most clinicians would have
      thought required urgent attention. Of the current offences committed by this
      group 54% were against the person (murder, assaults, sex offences and robbery). A
      significant proportion of these were committed by a distinct subgroup composed of
      socially isolated schizophrenics with no prior convictions, no physical illness,
      apparently normal premorbid personalities, and a greater current level of
      psychiatric disturbance. It is argued that the group as a whole, and this
      subgroup in particular exemplify the problems of the psychiatrically disturbed
      offender. Prison psychiatric facilities are inadequate for the range of functions
      they are being asked to serve and their token placement in the correctional
      services by-passes many important clinical, social and legal issues.

PMID- 3859285
TI  - Family admission policy in a child psychiatric unit.
AB  - The literature on residential admissions of whole families to psychiatric
      facilities is reviewed. Over the past decade, several child and family
      psychiatric centres have become the focus of innovative family admission
      programs. When a child or family presents with serious psychiatric problems, the
      availability of such programs dramatically increases the effective assessment and
      treatment options available. The benefits of a whole family admission policy are
      outlined and illustrated by a case example. In some cases, a brief family
      admission circumvents the need for a lengthy admission of the child alone.
      Disadvantages and contraindications are described. The adoption of a set of
      criteria and a specific policy for family admissions in a child psychiatric
      residential unit has challenged its organisational structure. The conceptual
      framework applied to requests for admission has broadened and been complemented
      by creative program development within the centre for children and families.

PMID- 3859286
TI  - The psychosexual histories of young women with bulimia.
AB  - While it is known that anorexia nervosa patients show a wide range of sexual
      knowledge, attitudes and practices, the psychosexual histories of bulimia
      patients have not been studied. In this paper the psychosexual histories of 20
      bulimic patients and 20 matched control subjects are presented. Bulimic patients
      were more likely to experience orgasm with masturbation, were more likely to have
      experimented with anal intercourse, and were more likely to describe their libido
      as 'above average.' Control subjects were more likely to experience orgasm during
      sexual intercourse. Bulimic patients associated high body weights with
      unattractiveness, and tended to withdraw from social and sexual activity at high
      weights. In other aspects of their sexual behaviour, and in their attitudes to
      sexual matters, the two groups were similar.

PMID- 3859287
TI  - Psychogenic erectile impotence--a useful or a misleading concept?
AB  - Psychological factors alone may not fully explain some cases of apparently purely
      psychogenic acute situational impotence. Chronic impotence is often due to a
      combination of aetiological factors. Erectile selectivity is not a reliable means
      of diagnosing purely psychogenic impotence. Nocturnal penile tumescence
      monitoring is not absolutely reliable in making a distinction between organic and
      psychogenic impotence. The either/or concept of impotence being organic or
      psychogenic should be abandoned as serious errors can be made by adhering to it.

PMID- 3859289
TI  - The dexamethasone suppression test in elderly, non-depressed patients with
      dementia.
AB  - Attempts have been made to use the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) to
      distinguish patients who have a primary depressive disorder from those suffering
      a degenerative cerebral disorder. It has been suggested however, that organic
      brain damage reduces neuroendocrine sensitivity and can be associated with
      failure to suppress on the DST. This study investigates the DST in 21 patients,
      over 65 years, with dementia but no evidence of depression on a variety of
      clinical criteria. Seven patients had abnormal DSTs.

PMID- 3859288
TI  - Therapy managing in Botswana.
AB  - Varied and apparently ideologically incompatible systems of health care are
      available in many developing countries. Patients move freely between them,
      receiving care serially or simultaneously from different types of healers.
      Therapy managing is an anthropological term used to describe how choice of health
      care is made by an informal group that forms around the patient. The author's
      experiences while running a community-based psychiatric treatment program in
      Botswana are discussed in terms of his interaction with patients' managing
      groups.

PMID- 3859290
TI  - Restraint, obesity and bulimia.

PMID- 3859291
TI  - Cognitive restructuring and response prevention in the treatment of bulimia
      nervosa.

PMID- 3859292
TI  - Erythrocyte encapsulated thiosulfate sulfurtransferase.

PMID- 3859293
TI  - Biochemical characterization of arylsulfatase-C isozymes in human fibroblasts.
AB  - Arylsulfatase-C and sterol sulfatase were thought to be identical enzymes whose X
      linked locus escapes inactivation. However, recent evidence shows that they are
      not identical but that arylsulfatase-C in human fibroblasts exists in two
      isozymic forms, designated as slow and fast. We now report that the two forms are
      enzymatically different. When assayed with an artificial fluorogenic substrate,
      the slow form showed a pH optimum of 8.00 and a Km of 228 microM. In contrast,
      the fast form showed a pH optimum of 7.67 and a Km of 86.7 microM with substrate
      inhibition occurring above 0.33 mM. The heat stability of the fast form was
      slightly below that of the slow form. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the
      slow form did not cross-react with the fast form. Hence, the two isozymic forms
      of arylsulfatase-C are enzymatically and structurally different and the slow form
      is associated with sterol sulfatase activity.

PMID- 3859294
TI  - A modified Ecteola cellulose assay for M and P phenol sulfotransferase.
AB  - The development and applications of a modified Ecteola cellulose, ion exchange
      assay for phenol sulfotransferase (EC 2.8.2.1, PST) are described. Mixtures
      containing dopamine or phenol and 35S-labeled 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'
      phosphosulfate (PAPS) were incubated with 100,000 g supernatant solution from
      human frontal cortex and applied to 0.5 X 2 cm columns of Ecteola cellulose.
      Dopamine sulfate was eluted with 3 ml of distilled water, while phenyl sulfate,
      inorganic sulfate and unreacted PAPS were eluted with successive step gradients
      of 5, 20 and 200 mM NH4HCO3. The solution volume for phenyl sulfate was 11 ml,
      while those for inorganic sulfate and PAPS were both 6 ml. The new assay method
      yielded apparent Km values for dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine, tyramine and
      norepinephrine similar to those obtained by other methods. Comparison of the
      activities of various amine substrates at a concentration of 20 microM showed
      that dopamine was the preferred substrate, followed in decreasing order of
      relative activity by 3-methoxytyramine, norepinephrine, tyramine and octopamine.
      When mixed substrate inhibition of dopamine sulfation by phenol was examined,
      phenol was found to effectively inhibit dopamine sulfation over a range of 0.1 to
      10 mM. The procedure described in this paper offers a number of significant
      advantages over currently available assays: these include a rapid, simple product
      isolation procedure and a complete, discrete separation of the radiolabeled
      products and reactants. This property allows the detailed study of the flux of
      radiolabel through the enzymatic system and also makes alternative substrate
      inhibition studies possible.

PMID- 3859295
TI  - Isolation from Cannabis sativa L. of cannflavin--a novel inhibitor of
      prostaglandin production.
AB  - The isolation from Cannabis sativa L. of an inhibitor of prostaglandin (PG) E2
      production by cultured rheumatoid synovial cells is described. This agent, for
      which the name Cannflavin has been coined, is distinct from cannabinoids on the
      basis of isolation procedure, preliminary structural analysis and biological
      properties. The activity of Cannflavin has been compared with several established
      anti-inflammatory drugs and the major cannabinoids.

PMID- 3859296
TI  - Induction of haemoglobin synthesis in the human leukaemia cell line K562 by
      monomethyltriazenes and imidazotetrazinones.
AB  - The effect of a group of imidazotetrazinones and alkyltriazenes on the growth and
      the induction of differentiation associated properties in K562 human
      erythroleukaemia cells has been investigated. Only 8-carbamoyl-3
      methylimidazo[5,1-d]-1,2,3,5-tetrazin-4(3H)-one and a monomethyltriazene induced
      the formation of benzidine-positive cells, and a linear relationship was observed
      between growth inhibition and the percentage of haemoglobin producing cells in
      the culture. However, growth inhibition alone was insufficient for induction of
      haemoglobin synthesis since other members of the series inhibited growth without
      substantially increasing the number of haemoglobin-producing cells. Induction was
      accompanied by an increase in cell size, and appeared not to arise by selective
      toxicity to the original non-differentiated cell compartment followed by clonal
      expansion of the differentiated cells. These results suggest that methylating
      agents are more effective than ethylating agents in the alteration of gene
      expression.

PMID- 3859297
TI  - [Economic implications: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

PMID- 3859298
TI  - Joint recommendations on secondary prevention for persons with clinical coronary
      heart disease. International Society and Federation of Cardiology.

PMID- 3859299
TI  - [Angiocardiographic diagnosis. Tricuspid atresia, type IB].

PMID- 3859300
TI  - Echocardiography cases.

PMID- 3859301
TI  - Food nutrient interaction.

PMID- 3859302
TI  - Immunosubversive role of PGE2 in tumor bearing mice.
AB  - The immunosuppressive activity of tumor cells was studied in vivo and in vitro
      using C57BL/6 mice and Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) cells. The SRBC immunization of
      tumor-bearing mice in vivo gave a lower number of PFC than the control mice. In
      vitro, employing the Mishell and Dutton technique, the primary immune response of
      splenocytes from tumor-bearing mice was significantly reduced. The in vitro
      primary immune response of normal splenocytes was also reduced when the tumor
      cells or supernatants of tumor cell cultures were present during SRBC
      immunization. 3LL cells synthesize a large quantity of PGE2 which was also
      demonstrated in the supernatants of 3LL cell cultures. Nevertheless, as the
      addition of indomethacin, a potent inhibitor of the prostaglandin synthesis, only
      partially reduces the tumor cell immunosuppressive action, prostaglandins are
      conceivably only one of the factors responsible for the immunodepression exerted
      by the tumor cells.

PMID- 3859303
TI  - AIDS: safeguards, not panic.

PMID- 3859304
TI  - 'The longevity of occlusal amalgam restorations in first permanent molars of
      child patients'.

PMID- 3859305
TI  - Severe hypodontia in an eight-year-old child.

PMID- 3859306
TI  - Bacteraemia consequential to sialography.

PMID- 3859307
TI  - The relative solubilities of four modern glass-ionomer cements.

PMID- 3859308
TI  - The scientific basis of dental health education. A Health Education Council
      Policy Document.

PMID- 3859310
TI  - 'Medical or physical management of facial muscle and joint pain?'.

PMID- 3859309
TI  - Medical or physical management of facial muscle and joint pain? A dialogue.

PMID- 3859311
TI  - 'Antagonists to the benzodiazepines'.

PMID- 3859312
TI  - Multiple deaths due to hepatitis B related to dental treatment.

PMID- 3859313
TI  - Why we should all have an SRH test.

PMID- 3859314
TI  - Care for older people.

PMID- 3859315
TI  - Calcium hydroxide: root resorption and perio-endo lesions.

PMID- 3859316
TI  - Angina pectoris presenting as pain of the soft palate.

PMID- 3859317
TI  - Is antibiotic prophylaxis required for dental patients with joint replacements?

PMID- 3859318
TI  - Prostaglandin F2 alpha in benign and malignant breast tumours.
AB  - Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was determined by radioimmunoassay in 57
      breast carcinomata, 16 fibroadenomata, and 33 sclero-cystic-disease (SCD)
      specimens. In 41 cases of carcinoma and 10 cases of fibroadenoma, histologically
      non-malignant tissue was also obtained from the same breast. PGF2 alpha levels
      were significantly elevated in breast cancer when compared with the normal
      tissues and benign diseases (P less than 0.005 for each group). High PGF2 alpha
      levels were positively correlated with differentiation, positive oestrogen and
      progestagen receptor status, and low mitotic index. Tumours with good prognosis
      (less than 20 mm, negative lymph nodes, some degree of differentiation) showed
      significantly higher PGF2 alpha levels than tumours with a bad prognosis (greater
      than 20 mm, positive nodes and undifferentiated). A tendency for elevated PGF2
      alpha levels was observed with negative lymphatic permeation, postmenopausal
      status, low grade of nuclear and cellular polymorphism and high degree of
      elastosis and fibrosis. No correlation was observed between PGF2 alpha levels and
      host-cell reaction. Plasma levels of 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha were not
      elevated in cancer patients when compared with the SCD-group. The present study
      demonstrates that PGF2 alpha levels are high in tumours with good prognosis.
      However, since other authors have suggested that a high PGE2 production is a bad
      prognostic index, it is possible that conversion of PGE2 to PGF2 alpha by 9-keto
      reductase explains this relationship. Nevertheless, the presented results
      question the unrestricted use of prostaglandin-synthesis-inhibitors in the
      treatment of breast cancer.

PMID- 3859319
TI  - Prognostic factors in the myelodysplastic syndromes: importance of initial data
      on peripheral blood counts, bone marrow cytology, trephine biopsy and chromosomal
      analysis.
AB  - An analysis of clinical, haematological, histological and cytogenetic data was
      performed in 85 consecutive patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The
      criteria for diagnosis of refractory anaemia (RA), acquired idiopathic
      sideroblastic anaemia (AISA) and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) were
      clearly defined, since the inclusion criteria provided by the FAB co-operative
      group are imprecise. None of these patients has received chemotherapy during the
      follow-up period. The median survival of the whole group was only 15 months, with
      less than 10% of the patients surviving after 5 years. Fifteen patients (17.6%)
      were still alive at time of analysis, 31 (36.5%) have developed acute myeloid
      leukaemia (AML) and only one of them is still alive; 30 (35.3%) died of
      infectious and/or haemorrhagic complications. Patients who developed AML had a
      shorter survival (median survival time 9.5 versus 15 months) but this difference
      was not significant (P = 0.10). Factors with prognostic value are in order of
      significance: abnormal localized immature myeloid precursors (= ALIP) in the
      trephine biopsy, circulating myeloblasts, excess of blasts in the bone marrow
      smears, age, FAB classification and granulocyte count. In comparison to
      refractory anaemia with excess of blasts (RAEB), CMML and RAEB in transformation
      (RAEBt), patients with RA and AISA had a lower incidence of evolution to AML (11%
      versus 56%), but a higher mortality rate from infections and/or bleeding (59.2%
      versus 29%). ALIP negative cases were only found among patients with RA and AISA,
      whereas ALIP positivity was observed in all cases of RAEB and RAEBt, in 10/11
      patients with CMML and in almost half the cases of RA and AISA. In RA and AISA
      patients survival was significantly different between ALIP positive and ALIP
      negative cases (P = 0.009). Among MDS patients, ALIP negative cases developed
      significantly less AML than ALIP positive cases (5% versus 44%), but a similar
      percentage of mortality from infectious and/or haemorrhagic complications was
      seen in both groups (33% versus 36.5%). Chromosomal analysis proved to be of no
      significant prognostic value, although a trend for shorter survival was observed
      in patients with complex karyotype anomalies or without mitoses. Because of their
      prolonged survival, antileukaemic chemotherapy is contra-indicated in ALIP
      negative patients (median survival 50 months). Nevertheless they only constitute
      a minor subgroup of MDS cases. Prognosis in ALIP positive patients is poor
      (median survival 12.5 months); in these patients therapeutic trials with
      cytostatic drugs or with inducers of differentiation of myeloid precursor cells
      seem to be justified.

PMID- 3859320
TI  - Control of lysozyme gene expression in differentiating HL-60 cells.
AB  - We have investigated the control of lysozyme gene expression in HL-60 cells
      induced to differentiate into macrophage-like cells with phorbol myristate
      acetate (PMA). Differentiation, as evidenced by cellular adherence, and
      morphological changes corresponded temporally to an increase in nonspecific
      esterase activity. The lysozyme concentration in the medium of uninduced HL-60
      cells was 10 micrograms/10(7) cells, increasing to a maximum of 46
      micrograms/10(7) cells after 48 h incubation with PMA (16 nM). At 72 h the
      lysozyme concentration decreased to 16 micrograms/10(7) cells. Intracellular
      lysozyme activity remained constant throughout differentiation. If HL-60 cells
      were exposed to PMA for 24 h, washed, then maintained in normal medium, they
      differentiated normally, confirming their irreversible commitment to
      differentiate. The increase in lysozyme secretion by these cells, however, is
      markedly blunted suggesting that continued PMA treatment of differentiated cells
      is required for their secretion of lysozyme. There is no change in the rate of
      extracellular degradation of lysozyme during differentiation. The level of
      lysozyme mRNA does not correlate directly with the amount of lysozyme secreted
      into the medium. Hybridization of uninduced HL-60 cell RNA with a chicken
      lysozyme cDNA probe demonstrates moderate hybridization. There is a modest (five
      fold) increase in lysozyme mRNA between 0 and 36 h of exposure to PMA,
      corresponding to the burst of lysozyme secretion by these cells. The lysozyme
      mRNA decreases to a level which is lower than the original baseline by 72 h, when
      the cells are still secreting substantial amounts of lysozyme. These data suggest
      that both transcriptional and post-transcriptional controls are operative in the
      control of lysozyme gene expression during the differentiation of HL-60 cells.
      They also imply that lysozyme secretion is not a necessary component in the
      macrophage-monocyte differentiation of these cells.

PMID- 3859321
TI  - A myelodysplastic syndrome preceding acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
AB  - The bone marrow of a patient with pancytopenia showed dyserythropoiesis,
      dysmegakaryocytopoiesis and 13% blasts. The patient was hypertransfused and the
      pancytopenia resolved completely for 1 month, while the blastic infiltration in
      the bone marrow remained. Three months later a frank acute lymphoblastic
      leukaemia developed.

PMID- 3859322
TI  - Emperipolesis of granulocytes within megakaryocytes.

PMID- 3859323
TI  - Fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis and posterior capsulotomy.
AB  - We report a case of intractable glaucoma following an uncomplicated secondary
      posterior capsulotomy in a 48-year-old male with Fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis.
      The patient had been free of inflammation and glaucoma since cataract extraction
      27 years previously. We also report the results of phenotypic analysis of
      lymphocytes removed from the anterior chamber.

PMID- 3859324
TI  - Cataracts in childhood leukaemia.
AB  - The incidence and severity of cataract were studied in 37 children who had
      completed treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Twelve (32%) had posterior
      subcapsular lens opacities. Treatment had included corticosteroids and cranial
      irradiation, but no dose relationship was evident. The boys were more severely
      affected than the girls. Although none of the lens opacities was optically
      significant, clinicians should be aware of the potential risk to vision.

PMID- 3859325
TI  - A simple orthodontic appliance for dealing with a common canine problem.
AB  - A case report is presented. It is of the treatment of a canine which has erupted
      into a difficult position (Figs 1a, b). It shows how the analysis of the movement
      required involves an understanding of the theoretical principles of 'centre of
      mass' and 'line of force' and how when these principles are applied a relatively
      simple removable-cum-fixed appliance can be designed to execute the movements
      required.

PMID- 3859326
TI  - Internal resorption complicating orthodontic tooth movement.

PMID- 3859327
TI  - Nature of relapse after surgical mandibular advancement.
AB  - Pre-operative, post-operative and follow-up cephalometric records of 16 cases of
      mandibular retrognathia treated by surgical mandibular advancement were analysed
      retrospectively. The results showed good mean stability in the mandibular
      advancement with variable individual relapse. The pre-operative mandibular plane
      angle, magnitude of the advancement and post-operative increase in the posterior
      lower face height were the variables chiefly related to relapse. There appeared
      to be limited control over the posterior segment which was liable to distraction
      and rotation. The follow-up changes were time linked. Both mechanical and
      biological factors are postulated to explain the relapse.

PMID- 3859328
TI  - Nailbiting: frequency and association with root resorption during orthodontic
      treatment.
AB  - The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the incidence and
      intensity of nailbiting and its possible role in root resorption during
      orthodontic treatment. A sample of 1365 boys and girls, aged 13-15 years old,
      were investigated about their nailbiting habits. The possible effect of
      nailbiting on root resorption during orthodontic treatment was evaluated by
      radiographic examination of two groups, matched with regard to overjet, age, sex,
      length and type of orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances, one
      group consisting of 21 severe nailbiters and the other a group of 21 patients
      without the habit. Replies to questionnaires distributed to 340 boys and girls
      showed that the incidence of nailbiting was 45 per cent. The habit of severe
      nailbiting among 1025 of the children investigated was registered in 14.3 per
      cent. There was no significant difference regarding the habit between boys and
      girls. The apical root resorption index was significantly higher in the severe
      nailbiters before (p less than 0.01) and after (p less than 0.001) orthodontic
      treatment.

PMID- 3859329
TI  - Radiographs taken for orthodontic purposes in general practice.
AB  - This paper deals with the orthodontic aspects of a wider survey undertaken to
      determine the use of radiographs in general dental practice in the county of
      Avon. During the sample week 218 patients had radiography for orthodontic
      purposes of whom 184 were below the age of 15 years. There were marked
      differences in the radiographs used by general practitioners and specialist
      orthodontists and the possible reasons for these differences are discussed.

PMID- 3859330
TI  - Temporary mental paraesthesia: an unusual complication of orthodontic treatment.

PMID- 3859331
TI  - A comparison of two- and three-dimensional incisor angles.
AB  - Two- and three-dimensional incisor angulations are compared in 40 patients using
      lateral radiographs and direct dental cast measurement using the Reflex
      Metrograph coupled to a computer. The two-dimensional upper and lower incisor
      angulations to the occlusal plane were also compared by the two methods. It was
      found that: The two-dimensional radiographic and three-dimensional dental cast
      inter-incisor angulation showed a significant difference at a probability level
      0.01 greater than p greater than 0.001. The two-dimensional radiographic and two
      dimensional dental cast upper left and right incisor angulations to the
      functional occlusal plane showed a significant difference at a probability level
      of 0.01 greater than p greater than 0.001. The significant differences can be
      attributed to the measurement of the incisor crown angulation in the dental cast
      measurement and the incisor tip and apex assessment in the radiographic
      technique. The system of dental cast measurement arguably provides a more
      realistic and reliable assessment of incisal angles than conventional
      radiographic measurement techniques.

PMID- 3859332
TI  - Root resorption: the aggressive, unerupted second premolar.
AB  - Three cases of first molar root resorption, due to impacted maxillary and
      mandibular second premolars, presented over a period of 5 months. It is suggested
      that this may not be such an uncommon occurrence as is generally believed. The
      clinical situations in which the unerupted second premolar may start resorbing
      first molar roots are described and methods of identifying and treating this
      problem suggested.

PMID- 3859333
TI  - Structural basis of anthracycline selectivity for unilamellar phosphatidylcholine
      vesicles: an equilibrium binding study.
AB  - Fluorescence anisotropy titration was used to determine the equilibrium binding
      affinities of several anthracycline antitumor antibiotics for sonicated
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)
      vesicles at 27.5 degrees C. Eight daunomycin analogues, all differing from the
      parent by one structural change in the aglycon portion of the molecule, as well
      as four anthracycline congeners modified in the amino sugar were studied. Double
      reciprocal plots were used to determine overall binding affinities (K). It was
      shown that structural changes in both the aglycon and amino sugar portions of the
      daunomycin molecule strongly modulated K values for DMPC and DPPC bilayers. For
      modifications in the aglycon portion of an anthracycline, a correlation between
      drug hydrophobicity and membrane affinity was observed. The number of binding
      sites per phospholipid molecule (n) and the apparent association constant (Kapp)
      where K = nKapp, were determined at several temperatures for adriamycin,
      daunomycin, and carminomycin. The n values were found to be independent of
      temperature for fluid-phase DMPC or solid-phase DPPC bilayers. The Kapp values
      (25 degrees C) ranged from (0.82-4.4) X 10(5) M-1 for DMPC vesicles to (4.4-7.3)
      X 10(5) M-1 for DPPC vesicles. Although the Kapp values for the three drugs were
      similar for a particular bilayer, major differences were noted in the values of n
      and, therefore, in the overall vesicle affinities (nKapp). van't Hoff plots
      showed that anthracycline binding was exothermic; in all cases but one binding
      was accompanied by a decrease in entropy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3859334
TI  - Phospholipid localization in the plasma membrane of Friend erythroleukemic cells
      and mouse erythrocytes.
AB  - The distribution of phospholipids over outer and inner layers of the plasma
      membranes of Friend erythroleukemic cells (Friend cells) and mature mouse
      erythrocytes has been determined. The various techniques which have been applied
      to establish the phospholipid localization include the following: phospholipase
      A2, phospholipase C, and sphingomyelinase C treatment, fluorescamine labeling of
      phosphatidylethanolamine, and a phosphatidylcholine transfer protein mediated
      exchange procedure. The data obtained with these different techniques were found
      to be in good agreement with each other. Phosphatidylcholine,
      phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol were found to be distributed
      symmetrically over both layers of the plasma membrane of Friend cells. In
      contrast, sphingomyelin was found to be enriched in the outer layer of the
      membrane (80-85%), and phosphatidylserine appeared to be present mainly in the
      inner layer (80-90%). From these results, it was calculated that the outer and
      inner layers accounted for 46% and 54%, respectively, of the total phospholipid
      complement of that membrane. Analogous studies on the plasma membrane of mature
      mouse erythrocytes showed that the transbilayer distribution of the total
      phospholipid mass appeared to be the same as in the plasma membrane of the Friend
      cell, namely, 46% and 54% in outer and inner layers, respectively. The outer
      layer of this membrane contains 57% of the phosphatidylcholine, 20% of the
      phosphatidylethanolamine, 85% of the sphingomyelin, and 42% of the
      phosphatidylinositol, and none of the phosphatidylserine was present.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3859335
TI  - Inhibition of poly(A)-binding protein synthesis in Friend erythroleukemia cells
      subsequent to heat shock.
AB  - When Friend erythroleukemia cells (FEC) are incubated at 43 degrees C there is a
      rapid and nearly complete inhibition of protein synthesis which can be reversed
      when cells are returned to their normal growing temperature of 37 degrees C.
      Examination of the recovery of FEC from heat shock indicates that most cellular
      mRNAs behave as a cohort and return to translation at approximately the same
      rate. We found a notable exception to this rule in the case of a 78 kDa basic
      protein (named protein A) whose rate of return to a normal synthetic rate is
      markedly inhibited subsequent to heat shock. We show that protein A corresponds
      to the 78 kDa polypeptide commonly found to be associated with the poly(A) tails
      of mammalian mRNA.

PMID- 3859336
TI  - Kinetics of dissociation of nogalamycin from DNA: comparison with other
      anthracycline antibiotics.
AB  - Stopped-flow spectrometry and simple mixing techniques have been employed to
      investigate the detergent-induced dissociation of anthracycline antibiotics from
      natural and synthetic DNAs. Both daunomycin and nogalamycin dissociate more
      slowly from poly(dG-dC) than from poly(dA-dT) but the difference is much more
      marked for nogalamycin. With an equimolar mixture of poly(dG-dC) and poly(dA-dT),
      or with poly(dA-dC).poly(dG-dT), dissociation of nogalamycin occurs very slowly.
      In all cases the release of antibiotic from a synthetic polynucleotide is a one
      step process following a single exponential. Dissociation of daunomycin,
      adriamycin and iremycin from calf thymus DNA is a more complex reaction which
      requires a two-exponential fit, in contrast to earlier reports, but differences
      between the behaviour of the three antibiotics are minor. Dissociation of
      nogalamycin from natural DNA requires a three-exponential fit, is in general far
      slower, and depends upon the base composition, the level of binding and the time
      allowed for the complex to equilibrate. It is concluded that sequence selectivity
      is minimal or lacking for daunomycin, whereas nogalamycin binding is sequence
      dependent and probably involves migration of the antibiotic between DNA binding
      sites. There is an inverse correlation between dissociation rate constants and
      antibacterial potency in simple tests.

PMID- 3859337
TI  - Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and sterol
      synthesis by cholesterol sulfate in cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - Although widely distributed throughout mammalian tissues, the biological function
      of cholesterol sulfate remains largely unknown. In these studies we have
      demonstrated that cholesterol sulfate suppresses de novo sterol synthesis in
      cultured human fibroblasts. It was further shown in these cultured cells that
      cholesterol sulfate is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (mevalonate: NADP+ oxidoreductase (CoA
      acylating), EC 1.1.1.34), the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis
      and the site at which exogenous cholesterol suppresses endogenous cholesterol
      synthesis. Because cholesterol sulfate inhibited sterologenesis in steroid
      sulfatase deficient fibroblasts derived from patients with recessive X-linked
      ichthyosis, it was inferred that cholesterol sulfate per se and not cholesterol
      liberated by intracellular desulfation was the inhibitor in these studies.
      Cholesterol sulfate may be an endogenous regulator of mammalian cholesterol
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 3859338
TI  - Hyperbilirubinaemia in neonatal rats after oxytocin or prostaglandin F2 alpha
      treatment of pregnant rats.
AB  - Serum bilirubin concentrations were investigated in neonatal rats. High
      concentrations were found on day 1 falling to adult values by day 4. Oxytocin
      (500 IU/kg) given subcutaneously to the dams on day 22 of pregnancy increased
      bilirubin concentrations in neonatal rats. This dose of oxytocin shortened
      gestational length but increased the neonatal death rate. Oxytocin (500 IU/kg)
      also increased uterine contractions on day 22 of pregnancy, measured using
      intrauterine balloons inserted on day 19 of pregnancy. Rats delivered by
      Caesarian section at the same gestational age as the oxytocin-treated group did
      not exhibit hyperbilirubinaemia. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (300 micrograms/kg)
      administered intramuscularly on day 20 of pregnancy was found to advance
      parturition and produced a small rise in serum bilirubin concentrations in
      neonatal rats. The rat could serve as a model for investigating the mechanisms of
      neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia which has been suggested to occur after the use of
      oxytocin or prostaglandins in the human.

PMID- 3859339
TI  - E-rosette formation in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3859340
TI  - Reduction in the stearic to oleic acid ratio in leukaemic cells--a possible
      chemical marker of malignancy.
AB  - Total lipid extracts of peripheral blood cells from patients with chronic
      leukaemias were analysed for relative values of saturation of the eighteen carbon
      chain length fatty acids (C 18 FA). The results are expressed as saturation index
      (C 18 S:C 18 U) of the saturated C 18 FA (stearic acid) over the unsaturated C 18
      FA (oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids). The saturation indices of the white
      blood cells (WBC) and the red blood cells (RBC) in specimens from 14 patients
      with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) and 17 patients with chronic
      lymphocytic leukaemias (CLL) were significantly and consistently lower than
      control specimens. It is proposed that the relative increase in the unsaturated
      oleic acid could prove to be a chemical marker of malignancy reflecting a
      deficient cellular control of the process of stearic acid desaturation. The
      theoretical implications of the implied increase in membrane fluidity for the
      cells are discussed.

PMID- 3859341
TI  - Intravenous and oral demethoxydaunorubicin (NSC 256-439) in the treatment of
      acute leukemia and lymphoma: a pilot study.
AB  - Demethoxydaunorubicin (DMDR), a new anthracycline available both for intravenous
      and oral administration, was given in 14 cases of leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM) replacing either daunorubicin (DNR) or
      doxorubicin (DOX) in conventional chemotherapy regimes. In acute leukaemia (6
      myeloblastic and 1 common lymphoblastic) there were 5 complete (CR) and 2 partial
      (PR) remissions; one patient, previously brought into remission with a regime
      including i.v. DMDR was thereafter maintained in CR with oral DMDR. Among the
      patients treated with the oral DMDR, 2 NHL cases were treated; 1 patient had a
      sustained remission of 12 months so far, with DMDR alone; another patient had a
      CR with a combined regime. In MM, one patient with very advanced disease treated
      with i.v. DMDR/CHOP did not respond, but three cases treated with oral DMDR plus
      other drugs showed a partial remission. Toxic effects were limited to brief
      episodes of nausea and vomiting in a few i.v. treated patients; a prolonged bone
      marrow depression was observed in one case only. No cardiotoxic effect was
      recorded.

PMID- 3859342
TI  - The specificity of the Eating Disorder Inventory.
AB  - A self-report measure, the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), has recently been
      published. An examination of the responses on the EDI of a sample of psychiatric
      out-patients who did not have eating problems revealed that many of its subscales
      may be non-specific in character reflecting the general level of psychological
      disturbance.

PMID- 3859343
TI  - The physician as consumer of medical literature.

PMID- 3859344
TI  - The physician as author of medical information.

PMID- 3859345
TI  - The future of medical information and medical libraries.

PMID- 3859346
TI  - Perspectives in geriatric medicine of importance to the psychiatrist.

PMID- 3859348
TI  - Anesthesia-related maternal mortality.

PMID- 3859347
TI  - Osteoporosis: current concepts.

PMID- 3859349
TI  - Reality orientation: full circle.

PMID- 3859350
TI  - Twenty-five year review of training in internal medicine at a voluntary teaching
      hospital.

PMID- 3859351
TI  - Evaluation and management of the rheumatoid foot.

PMID- 3859352
TI  - Open reduction of infantile displacement of the hip in children under twelve
      months of age: when, why, how.

PMID- 3859353
TI  - The formation and regional distribution of prostaglandins D2 and F2 alpha in the
      brain of spontaneously convulsing gerbils.
AB  - The distribution of the two major cyclooxygenase products prostaglandin D2 (PGD2)
      and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) in 7 different regions of the brain
      (medulla, cerebellum, hypothalamus, striatum, midbrain, hippocampus and cerebral
      cortex) was studied. Basal levels were highest in hypothalamus and cortex.
      Following convulsions elicited by environmental stress prostaglandin
      concentrations increased in all areas, with largest increases (10-20-fold) in
      hippocampus and cortex, reaching 70 ng/g PGD2 in hippocampus and 115 ng/g PGD2 in
      cortex. These results demonstrate that, during spontaneous seizures, there is a
      greater increase in prostanoid production in those areas involved in the
      convulsive process.

PMID- 3859354
TI  - Neuronal responses in subfornical organ and other regions to angiotensin II
      applied by various routes.
AB  - Effects of Angiotensin II (AII) and of signals of hydromineral deficiencies on
      neuronal firing in the subfornical organ (SFO) and the surrounding regions of the
      rat were examined. AII was applied in three ways: electrophoresis, intracarotid
      injection, or intracerebroventricular injection. Seventeen SFO neurons (52%) were
      facilitated by electrophoretic AII and one (3%) was inhibited (AII-responding
      neurons). Neurons in other regions (cerebral cortex, nucleus triangularis septi,
      hippocampus, nucleus periventricularis) were also facilitated (23%) or inhibited
      (14%). Prostaglandin (PG)F2, a universal vasoconstrictor, produced an effect
      similar to that by AII on neuronal activity of the SFO and surrounding regions,
      and this effect was antagonized by (NO2-), a vasoplegic agent. Intracarotid
      injection of AII caused biphasic facilitation of SFO activity. The second
      increase correlates with changes in blood pressure. Intraventricular injection of
      AII caused drastic and long lasting excitation of SFO activity. Simultaneous
      intraventricular application of NO2- blocked the AII effect on SFO neurons but
      not on blood pressure. Hypovolemia or cerebrospinal fluid withdrawal that might
      cause mechanical stimulation of circumventricular organs increased SFO neuronal
      activity. These results are compatible with the vasoconstriction hypothesis of an
      indirect effect of AII through change in diameter of the vasa that surround
      neurons.

PMID- 3859355
TI  - Fever and jaundice in a 27-year-old woman with acute myelomonocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3859356
TI  - Those tricky accounts receivable.

PMID- 3859357
TI  - Dentistry in Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 3859358
TI  - Nutrient effects on anthracycline production by Streptomyces peucetius in a
      defined medium.
AB  - A defined medium was developed for Streptomyces peucetius that optimally
      contained 0.5 mM magnesium, 1 mM phosphate, 75-125 mM glucose, 10 mM nitrate, and
      microelements. Poorer results were obtained with nitrite, aspartate, or ammonia
      as sole nitrogen sources. Other carbon sources which supported best growth and
      highest anthracycline titers were fructose, maltose, and soluble starch. In each
      case, substantial residual carbon remained at the end of 6 days, suggesting a
      lack of catabolite repression by the carbohydrate carbon sources on anthracycline
      biosynthesis. Studies involving limiting and nonlimiting concentrations of
      glucose supplemented with arabinose, a poorly utilizable carbon source, indicated
      that high carbon concentrations were not necessary for osmotic stabilization.
      Inorganic phosphate was found to have an inhibitory effect on anthracycline
      production. Furthermore, when cultures at early stages of anthracycline
      production were spiked with inorganic phosphate, a delay in further anthracycline
      production resulted until the added phosphate was depleted. A 10% inoculum of
      stationary phase cells yielded the best growth and most consistent anthracycline
      production. Spectrophotometric analyses at 495 nm of chloroform--methanol
      extracted material were also found to be useful for the determination of total
      anthracyclines in culture extracts.

PMID- 3859359
TI  - Comparison of maintenance treatment regimens for first central nervous system
      relapse in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. A Pediatric Oncology Group
      study.
AB  - Eighty-seven children with central nervous system (CNS) leukemia were randomized
      to receive either induction intrathecal chemotherapy (ITC) and cranial
      irradiation (CRT) plus maintenance ITC, or induction ITC and craniospinal
      irradiation (CSpRT) with no maintenance ITC. ITC consisted of six weekly
      injections of methotrexate, hydrocortisone, and arabinosylcytosine. Also,
      intensification of systemic induction and maintenance chemotherapy was given. CRT
      + ITC was given as CRT, 2400 rad in 12 fractions followed by ITC maintenance
      bimonthly for 2 years. Craniospinal irradiation consisted of CRT + 1400 rad in
      ten fractions to the spine. Randomization was stratified according to whether CNS
      leukemia occurred at initial diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
      (Stratum I, 15 patients), during first bone marrow (BM) remission (Stratum II, 49
      patients), simultaneous with first BM relapse (Stratum III, 12 patients), or
      during second BM remission (Stratum IV, 11 patients). The median follow-up for
      patients who remain at risk is 15 + months. Eight children (seven on CRT + ITC,
      one on CSpRT) developed presumed therapy related encephalopathy. In Stratum II,
      16 of 29 (55%) patients receiving CRT + ITC experienced adverse events: 3 deaths
      during continuous complete remission (CCR) and 13 relapses (2 CNS, 1 CNS + BM, 1
      BM + testes, and 2 testes) as compared with only 5 relapses in 20 (25%) patients
      on CSpRT (1 CNS, 1 CNS + BM, 1 BM, and 2 testes). The children on both regimens
      were comparable for sex, race, age at initial ALL diagnosis, time from ALL
      diagnosis to first episode of CNS leukemia, systemic therapy both before and
      after CNS relapse, and number of blasts in the spinal fluid at diagnosis of CNS
      leukemia. The conclusion is that children with isolated CNS leukemia can achieve
      prolonged survival with aggressive therapy, and that CSpRT is possibly less toxic
      and more likely than is CRT + ITC to prevent subsequent BM and testicular relapse
      (P less than 0.02), but not subsequent CNS relapse (P = 0.7). A possible systemic
      therapy effect of spinal irradiation is postulated to explain the superiority of
      CSpRT.

PMID- 3859360
TI  - Leukemia relapse in long-term survivors of acute leukemia.
AB  - Between 1964 and 1982, 862 patients with acute leukemia who were collected from
      medical institutions throughout the country had a survival of 5 years or longer.
      Their remission has been achieved mainly with a combination therapy of
      vincristine and prednisone in childhood acute leukemia and daunomycin, cytosine
      arabinoside, 6-mercaptopurine, prednisone (DCMP) regimen in adult acute leukemia.
      Among 320 relapsed patients, 88 (38.8%) of 227 children had a primary relapse in
      the marrow, 85 in the central nervous system (CNS), 37 in the testis/ovary, and
      13 in a combined site. The large majority of adult relapsed patients relapsed in
      the marrow. Ninety-three patients who experienced only one relapse had a much
      longer prolongation of survival, not yet reaching a median over 14 years after
      diagnosis, compared to those experiencing two or more relapses. Survival curves
      in five groups of patients divided by length of maintained remission were
      investigated by the life table method. In children as well as adults, survival
      duration in patients on 5 or more years maintained remission was significantly
      longer than that in the other maintained groups. With respect to relation between
      frequency of CNS relapse and type of CNS prophylaxis, there was no statistically
      significant difference between patients who received CNS prophylaxis and patients
      who did not. However, a better survival was observed in patients who received CNS
      prophylaxis with cranial radiation plus intrathecal methotrexate. Thus, long-term
      clinical follow-up might provide important information for the therapeutic
      strategy against acute leukemia.

PMID- 3859361
TI  - Candida rugosa in immunocompromised infection. Case reports, drug susceptibility,
      and review of the literature.
AB  - Candida rugosa was isolated from two patients. One patient had acute leukemia and
      developed invasive disease due to this yeast on two occasions while
      granulocytopenic. Her infection was eventually cured after treatment with
      amphotericin B. In another immunocompromised patient, the yeast was isolated from
      the sputum in the presence of a pulmonary infiltrate, but there was no other
      evidence for a pathogenic role. Antifungal susceptibility testing of the first
      patient's isolate and three environmental isolates showed all four to be
      susceptible to amphotericin B, miconazole, and flucytosine, and only the patient
      isolate was resistant to ketoconazole. These results suggest possibilities for
      therapy in future encounters. It appears that C. rugosa, a common pathogen in
      cattle, can be pathogenic in humans under the appropriate circumstances.

PMID- 3859362
TI  - Low-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) therapy in the myelodysplastic syndromes
      and acute leukemia.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with either a myelodysplastic syndrome or acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia were treated with 10-21 days of subcutaneous cytosine
      arabinoside (Ara-C) (5-10 mg/m2 every 12 hours). There were two complete
      remissions and ten partial responses. Clinically significant improvements in
      peripheral blood counts persisted for periods of 8 weeks to greater than 21
      weeks. Responses were seen even in patients who had previously proven refractory
      to conventional induction regimens or high-dose Ara-C. The toxicity, however, was
      considerable. Nearly all patients developed significant thrombocytopenia.
      Platelet and red cell transfusion support was required in many cases. The
      response to low-dose Ara-C therapy seen in patients with the leukemic and
      myelodysplastic disorders may be mediated by the induction of cell
      differentiation or a direct cytotoxic effect on a sensitive population of cells.
      Low-dose Ara-C may provide an alternative therapy in the selected patient with
      acute nonlymphocytic leukemia or a myelodysplastic syndrome.

PMID- 3859363
TI  - Loss of the Y chromosome in acute myelogenous leukemia: a report of 13 patients.
AB  - Thirteen male patients with acute myelogenous leukemia who, on bone marrow
      chromosome analysis, were missing all or part of the Y chromosome were treated at
      this institution between 1975 and 1983. Giemsa-banding techniques were performed
      in 12 cases. Twelve showed -Y in at least 80% of bone marrow metaphases, and one
      patient had 25% 46,XYqh-. The loss of the Y chromosome was the sole karyotypic
      abnormality in nine patients, and the remaining four had additional chromosome
      changes. The peripheral blood lymphocytes were diploid in all except three cases,
      where no mitotic cells were recovered. The median age was 55 years, eight
      patients had acute myelogenous leukemia (M2) and five acute myelomonocytic
      leukemia (M4). Six patients (46%) had an antecedent hematologic disorder. Eleven
      patients received standard induction combination chemotherapy. Complete remission
      was achieved in seven patients (63%). Remission bone marrow chromosome analysis
      showed 100% 46,XY in all seven cases. The median durations of complete remission
      and survival were 10 months and 12 months, respectively. The review suggests that
      -Y is a consistent, although uncommon, chromosome marker in acute myelogenous
      leukemia, associated with an aggressive clinical course and intermediate
      prognosis.

PMID- 3859364
TI  - Cytotoxicity of monoclonal antibodies against individually immunophenotyped human
      leukemic cells.
AB  - Peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells from 12 patients with acute
      myeloid leukemia (AML), 2 patients with acute lymphatic leukemia, and 1 patient
      with chronic myeloid leukemia in blastic crisis were taken at diagnosis or in
      relapse. Cells were immunophenotyped with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (Moab)
      (OKIa, Leu M1, Leu M2, Leu M3, Leu M4, B1, Okt 11, J5) and the same antibodies
      were used in an in vitro cytotoxicity test. Of the 14 patients, 10 had antibody
      binding cells, and the percentage of lysed cells was almost equal to that of
      blasts. The other 4 patients had few binding cells and little lysis. Acute
      leukemia with and without preceding myelodysplastic features did not differ in
      immunophenotype. Mean spontaneous release of 51Cr was 12.7% and complement alone
      caused an additional average release of 11.8%. Four single antibodies together
      with complement showed a mean 51Cr release of 0.7-32.4% above that found with
      complement alone. Combinations of Moabs resulted in 51Cr release at least 10%
      above the single most efficient Moab in 8 out of 12 patients. Not all blast cells
      showed antibody binding, nor were all antibody-binding cells susceptible to
      cytotoxicity. Normal bone marrow growth in vitro seemed to be stimulated by
      factors in complement and in the Moab. When this stimulation was compensated for
      by adding fetal calf serum, cytotoxicity tests prior to CFUc assays resulted in a
      mean decrease of 46% of colonies and 25% of clusters in normal bone marrow. CFUc
      are thus sensitive to the cytotoxicity, although CFU may also be resistant.

PMID- 3859365
TI  - Effects of pyrimidine antagonists on sialic acid regeneration in HL-60 cells.
AB  - Because alterations in cell membrane sialoglycoconjugates can affect the behavior
      of neoplastic cells, we investigated the effects of in vitro treatment with
      antimetabolites used in cancer therapy on the expression of membrane sialic acid
      in cultured HL-60 leukemic cells. In these studies, cells were incubated with
      Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase to remove surface sialic acid. Reappearance of
      membrane sialic acid during drug treatment was followed (a) by measuring changes
      in radioactive surface labeling of viable cells with sodium metaperiodate
      sodium[3H]-borohydride, (b) by measuring the decline in accessible surface
      galactosyl receptor sites which occurred coincident with membrane sialic acid
      replacement, and (c) by measuring the incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into
      membrane-associated neuraminidase-labile sialic acid. We were especially
      interested in learning whether drugs that affect intracellular pools of cytidine
      triphosphate (CTP), an important nucleotide intermediate in sialylation
      reactions, could inhibit regeneration of membrane sialic acid. 3-Deazauridine, a
      competitive inhibitor of CTP synthetase, depleted CTP pools and curtailed surface
      membrane resialylation with little or no effect on synthesis of de novo sialic
      acid from precursor sugars. The addition of cytidine restored CTP pools and
      sialic acid regeneration. Acivicin, a glutamine antagonist, also depleted CTP
      pools and curtailed surface membrane resialylation. In addition, it retarded de
      novo synthesis of sialic acid. The addition of cytidine restored intracellular
      CTP pools and sialic acid regeneration. However, both cytidine and guanosine were
      required to restore sialic acid synthesis from precursor sugars. 1-beta-D
      Arabinofuranosylcytosine, a competitive inhibitor of sialic acid synthetase and
      of sialyltransferase, inhibited both de novo sialic acid synthesis and membrane
      resialylation. Only the latter effect was reversed by the addition of exogenous
      cytidine. Hydroxyurea, an agent shown previously to inhibit glycoconjugate
      production in hamster fibroblasts, curtailed membrane resialylation and de novo
      synthesis of sialic acid without depleting CTP pools. Doxorubicin, at levels that
      caused marked arrest of cell proliferation, had no effect on sialic acid
      synthesis or expression on the membrane surface. These data suggest that
      antimetabolites, apart from their cytotoxic effects or effects on cellular
      growth, may directly inhibit the expression of membrane sialic acid.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3859366
TI  - Expression of neoplasia-related proteins of chemically transformed HuT
      fibroblasts in human osteosarcoma HOS fibroblasts and modulation of actin
      expression upon elevation of tumorigenic potential.
AB  - Two sets of abundant cytoplasmic transformation-specific polypeptides, p788/p789
      and p219/p220, have been identified by comparing in vitro-transformed human
      fibroblasts with diploid human fibroblasts. These polypeptides are also expressed
      by the human fibrosarcoma and osteosarcoma cell lines HT1080 the human
      fibrosarcoma and osteosarcoma cell lines HT1080 and HOS, respectively. HOS cells,
      however, synthesize only one of the two electrophoretic forms of each marker set,
      p789 and p219, at greatly reduced rates compared to the rates of synthesis found
      for HT1080 cells and the in vitro-transformed cell lines. Induction of expression
      of these neoplastic marker polypeptides is independent of the activation of a
      transforming gene that will induce focus formation in confluent mouse 3T3 cell
      monolayers. Activation of the met oncogene in MNNG-HOS cells and simultaneous
      elevation of tumorigenic potential did not lead to a significant change in the
      rate of the 600 most abundant polypeptide species with the exception of one of
      the two cytoplasmic actin polypeptides. While the normal ratio of beta-to gamma
      actin which is approximately 2:1 was expressed in "untransformed" HOS cells, MNNG
      HOS cells synthesized 50% less beta-actin resulting in a 1:1 ratio of beta-actin
      to gamma-actin. Our finding here, together with our previous characterization of
      the human beta-actin gene, leads us to predict that one of two functional beta
      actin genes expressed in HOS cells has been inactivated in MNNG-HOS cells by
      either a regulatory or structural gene mutation.

PMID- 3859367
TI  - Oncogene activation in human myeloid leukemia.
AB  - We have studied by means of DNA-mediated gene transfer the activation of
      protooncogenes in human myeloid leukemias that represent various stages of
      myeloid differentiation. DNA from three cell lines, HL-60 (promyelocytic
      leukemia), Rc2a (myelomonocytic leukemia), and KG-1 (acute myeloblastic
      leukemia), was capable of transforming NIH/3T3 cells. Hybridization analysis
      indicated that, in all three tumor cell lines, the N-ras oncogene was activated.
      The cell lines U-937 ("histiocytic lymphoma") and K-562 (erythroblastic leukemia)
      yielded no transforming DNA. Fresh leukemia cells derived from an acute
      myelomonocytic leukemia patient and from a juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia
      patient contained an activated N-ras and c-Ki-ras oncogene, respectively. DNA
      from some other myelogenous leukemia patients was not able to transform NIH/3T3
      cells. Our results indicate that hematopoietic tumors of the myeloid lineage may
      contain oncogenes active in NIH/3T3 cell transformation and that, in particular,
      the N-ras oncogene may be activated in tumors representing various stages of
      maturation.

PMID- 3859368
TI  - Protective effect of cholesterol on Friend leukemic cells against
      photosensitization by hematoporphyrin derivative.
AB  - The cytotoxic effects of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) on Friend
      erythroleukemic cells were studied. Upon binding of the porphyrin to the cells,
      the fluorescence spectra was shifted from 613 to 633 nm regarding the main band
      and from 676 to 667 nm concerning the secondary band. The kinetics of HPD binding
      was then determined. Maximum binding already occurred at 60 s after exposure of
      the cells to HPD. It could be demonstrated that the effect of the photoactivated
      HPD on cell viability was drug, dose, and light fluorescence dependent. Cellular
      protein synthesis and Friend virus complex release from the cells were equally
      inhibited by the photodynamic sensitization of the drug, indicating no specific
      effect on virus maturation. Since cholesterol affects the fluidity of cell
      membranes, it was important to study the effect of cholesterol enrichment on the
      photodynamic sensitization by HPD. It was found that, while a 50% reduction in
      protein synthesis was monitored following treatment with 20 micrograms of HPD per
      ml and illumination by a 6-milliwatt white light for 60 s, no inhibition was
      observed following preenrichment of the cells with 0.5, 1, or 2% of cholesterol
      hemisuccinate. The same trend of cholesterol protection was demonstrated with
      longer illumination periods up to 10 min. The protective effect of cholesterol
      hemisuccinate was also seen using scanning electron microscopy. It is thus
      concluded that the cholesterol hemisuccinate content of Friend erythroleukemic
      cell membranes is an important factor in regulating the cytotoxicity of
      photoactivated HPD.

PMID- 3859369
TI  - Phase II study of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin in advanced ovarian carcinoma.

PMID- 3859370
TI  - Hyperphosphatemic renal failure following treatment of acute nonlymphatic
      leukemia.

PMID- 3859371
TI  - 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid-oxidoreductase activities in
      vitro from prostate of isoimmunized rats.

PMID- 3859372
TI  - [Osteosarcoma. Problems and therapy].

PMID- 3859374
TI  - Money can't buy everything--but it sure helps in politics.

PMID- 3859373
TI  - How to bash a noisy yo-yo and other tales of lobbying.

PMID- 3859375
TI  - Crisis in our house?

PMID- 3859376
TI  - Hygienist legislation back again.

PMID- 3859378
TI  - Advantages of a computer in the operatory.

PMID- 3859377
TI  - Measuring continued competency--can it be improved?

PMID- 3859379
TI  - A monovalent cation-sensitive actin-binding factor in a myeloid leukemia cell
      line.
AB  - Cell extracts of a murine leukemia cell line, M1, apparently contain three kinds
      of actin-gelation factors; a filamin-like protein, and 38K-dimer and 105K-dimer
      proteins. Unlike gelation by the filamin-like protein, gelation by the latter two
      proteins is inhibited by low concentrations of KCl. Our study of the 38K protein
      has been reported elsewhere (Takagi, K. et al., J. Biochem. Tokyo 97, 605-616,
      1985). We here describe the purification and characterization of the 105K
      protein. The 105K protein differs from the alpha-actinin group of proteins in its
      antigenicity, peptide components and Ca2+-insensitivity. The saturated binding
      ratio of the protein to purified skeletal muscle actin is 1:8; when this ratio
      exceeds 1:20, gelation takes place. This gelation is inhibited completely by the
      presence of 25 mM KCl. Electron microscopy revealed that, in the absence of KCl,
      the 105K protein/actin mixture forms short actin bundles that are accompanied by
      a meshwork of short single filaments. The presence of 25 mM KCl did not prevent
      actin-bundling, but the bundles became longer and the meshwork of short filaments
      was no longer present.

PMID- 3859380
TI  - In vitro antibacterial activity of ceftizoxime.
AB  - During 1983, the antibacterial activity of ceftizoxime has been tested in vitro
      against 325 strains of Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, Micrococcaceae,
      Pseudomonaceae and Acinetobacter sp. isolated from material of human origin
      (blood, urine, faeces, sputum, various exudates). Except for S. faecalis and some
      strains of P. rettgeri, P. aeruginosa, A. calcoaceticus, Staphylococcus spp. all
      the strains examined were found to be sensitive to the antibiotic, whose MIC was
      0.05-1.5 micrograms/ml in the great majority of cases. For 72 ceftizoxime
      sensitive strains the MBC/MIC ratio was nearly always under 4:1, confirming the
      drug's bactericidal activity. On strains of Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, K.
      pneumoniae, S. marcescens, S. typhimurium) MIC of ceftizoxime achieved a minimum
      bactericidal time (MBT) between 3 and 4 hours of bacteria-antibiotic contact, and
      bacterial survival percentages were, in any case, very low as early as the 1st
      hour.

PMID- 3859381
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in rat oral epithelium induced by phospholipase treatment
      (II). Influences of phospholipase-C and -A2 on intramembranous particles of
      plasma membrane.

PMID- 3859382
TI  - Effectiveness of P-aminobenzoyl-O-phenylenediamine (Goe 1734) against mouse, rat,
      and human tumour cells.
AB  - The new N-phenylbenzamide derivative Goe 1734 was tested for its antitumour
      effects against mouse, rat, and human tumours. The preparation showed marginal
      activity against leukaemia L1210, moderate activity against Lewis lung carcinoma,
      and high activity against osteosarcoma C22LR and Brown Norway myeloid leukaemia.
      In the subrenal capsule assay the drug was active against four (cisplatin: 2) of
      nine human tumours. An in vitro clonogenic assay did not reveal any activity of
      Goe 1734 when mouse osteosarcoma or human tumour cells were exposed for only 1 h.
      However, continuous exposure led to 70% or greater inhibition of colony formation
      at concentrations of 0.1-1 microgram/ml (osteosarcoma) or 0.2-2 micrograms/ml
      (human tumours).

PMID- 3859384
TI  - Increased concentrations of the antigen CA-19-9 in serum of cystic fibrosis
      patients.

PMID- 3859383
TI  - Ocular response to extended wear of hard gas-permeable lenses.

PMID- 3859386
TI  - Timing of palatal closure should not be based on age alone.

PMID- 3859385
TI  - Life response to Crouzon's disease.
AB  - This paper describes the life responses of two adult patients with facial
      deformities associated with untreated Crouzon's disease. Each patient has normal
      intelligence, and each has two children and close family relatives who exhibit
      variable degrees of Crouzon's disease. The impact of untreated facial deformity
      is considered, and recommendations are made for psychosocial management of these
      patients and their families.

PMID- 3859387
TI  - Vowel oral air flow rates and air volumes for vowels.

PMID- 3859388
TI  - The Patten Embryology Research collection.

PMID- 3859389
TI  - A comparative cephalometric study of the cranial base in craniofacial anomalies:
      Part I: Tensor analysis.
AB  - The method of mean tensor analysis was used to study the cranial base in six
      craniofacial anomalies: Crouzon's disease, Apert's syndrome, Pfeiffer's syndrome,
      craniofacial microsomia (CFM), Treacher Collins (TC) syndrome, and frontonasal
      dysplasia (FND). The form was represented by five landmarks: the nasion (N),
      basion (Ba), sella (S), frontomaxillonasal suture (FMN), and sphenoethmoidal
      registration point (SE), and the deformities were computed as mean deformations
      from age- and sex-matched normal mean forms. The cranial base in CFM is normal in
      shape. The other five syndromes manifest four distinct patterns of shape
      variation. Only in TC and Pfeiffer's syndrome is the cranial-base angle
      distinctive. In Apert's and Crouzon's syndromes, point SE is displaced anteriorly
      upon a cranial base, small in size but otherwise normal in shape. In TC syndrome
      and FND, point SE is displaced posteriorly toward the sella.

PMID- 3859390
TI  - The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in the pharyngeal
      flap operation.
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken to determine whether there was a relationship
      between the pharyngeal flap operation and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion
      of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). From August 1982 to November 1983, 25 patients
      underwent pharyngeal flap procedures. They were compared to a control group made
      up of five patients who underwent major cleft lip revisions. Twelve of the twenty
      five patients (48%) who underwent pharyngeal flap procedures had inappropriately
      elevated serum ADH levels, low serum osmolality, and hyponatremia in the
      postoperative period. There was a statistically significant (p less than 0.001)
      drop in the serum sodium levels in the pharyngeal flap group from the
      preoperative to postoperative period. There was neither a statistically
      significant change in the serum sodium levels nor inappropriate elevation of ADH
      levels in the control group. Two patients who underwent pharyngeal flap
      procedures developed SIADH. To our knowledge this complication has not been
      reported in association with the pharyngeal flap operation. No specific causes
      were found that would explain why SIADH developed.

PMID- 3859391
TI  - Adolescents with cleft lip and palate: self-perceptions of appearance and
      behavior related to personality adjustment.
AB  - Two groups of adolescents with cleft lip and palate were compared on their self
      ratings of facial appearance and behavior. The two groups were identified as well
      adjusted (N = 19) or poorly adjusted (N = 17), based on their parents' ratings of
      behavior. T-test comparisons indicate that the group with good adjustment have
      realistic perceptions of facial appearance (based on independent ratings by their
      teachers), and their self-perceptions of behavior are similar to those of their
      parents. The poorly adjusted group have unrealistic perceptions of facial
      appearance and perceive their behavior as more socially acceptable than do their
      parents.

PMID- 3859392
TI  - Long-term effects of premaxillary setback on facial skeletal profile in complete
      bilateral cleft lip and palate.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to analyze the long-term effects of premaxillary
      setback in the surgical treatment of complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (C
      BCLP). Roentgencephalograms at adolescence or early adulthood were available for
      13 of our longitudinal C-BCLP patients who were treated with premaxillary setback
      and followed up with serial films since infancy. Six individuals had been
      subjected to early premaxillary setback to facilitate lip repair. Seven of the
      patients had had their premaxillae setback at a later age to correct a severe
      midfacial protrusion in the preschool years. Fourteen other C-BCLP patients,
      followed up and treated similarly except for the premaxillary setback, served as
      controls. The average long-term outcome of the setback surgery in both the early
      and late subgroups was retrusion of the midface and a slightly concave facial
      skeletal profile.

PMID- 3859393
TI  - Alcoholism in the families of bulimic anorexics.

PMID- 3859394
TI  - Marker chromosome in cat eye syndrome.

PMID- 3859395
TI  - Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia following apparent
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - The observation that Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia (ALL) may progress to chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has been well
      documented among adult patients but reported only rarely in children. In this
      report, we describe a pediatric patient with atypical ALL, who subsequently went
      on to develop classical adult-type CML. This patient is unique and important
      because of the unusual clinical findings that she exhibited during the "ALL"
      phase, namely, extreme thrombocytosis, marrow fibrosis, and persistent
      splenomegaly, which heralded the onset of frank CML. It is suggested that the
      patient with presumed, but atypical, ALL be carefully evaluated for CML
      presenting in lymphoblastoid crisis, and that all patients with the morphologic
      diagnosis of ALL undergo complete cytogenetic and immunologic marker studies to
      confirm the diagnosis.

PMID- 3859396
TI  - Cell volumes of lymphoblasts in patients with acute lymphocytic leukaemia.
AB  - Cell volumes of lymphoblasts from 75 cases of acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL)
      and lymphocytes from 33 normal individuals were determined using a Coulter
      Counter Model H4 Channelyzer. The average mean cell volume (MCV) and the model
      volume (MV) of lymphoblasts were larger than the MCV and MV of normal lymphocytes
      (P less than 0.01). In addition, the cell volumes of lymphoblasts from patients
      with ALL were more heterogeneous than normal lymphocytes. When the volumes of
      lymphoblasts were compared to the FAB classification, lymphoblasts from cases of
      L3 were larger than those from L2 and the latter were larger than lymphoblasts
      from the L1 subtype. When the volumes of lymphoblasts were compared to an
      immunological classification, lymphoblasts from cases of B cell ALL were larger
      than those from non-B, non-T and T cell ALL. The volume of lymphoblasts, however,
      showed no significant predictive value in the determination of complete
      remission, duration of first remission, or survival.

PMID- 3859397
TI  - Acquired pili torti in two patients treated with synthetic retinoids.
AB  - A mother and daughter with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis were treated with two
      different synthetic retinoids at different times. Both patients exhibited the
      previously unreported side effect of increased curliness of scalp hair. Light
      microscopic examination revealed pili torti during the administration of
      isotretinoin. Both patients also experienced a better therapeutic response to and
      more hair loss with etretinate than with isotretinoin.

PMID- 3859398
TI  - Cefmetazole plasma levels after intraincisional administration.

PMID- 3859399
TI  - [Control of cardiac function during therapy with doxorubicin and other
      anthracyclines].

PMID- 3859401
TI  - [Colony-forming ability of bone marrow in children with acute leukemia].
AB  - Colony- and cluster-forming ability of bone marrow cells in agar medium was
      studied in 6 healthy children and 13 children suffering from acute leukosis.
      During acute stages of the diseases colonies and clusters in agar medium
      consisted of granulocytic cells and their quantity depended on the safety of
      predecessors of bone marrow granulopoiesis. In contrast to acute lymphoblastic
      leucosis, acute myeloblastic leucosis is characterized by a sharp growth of
      cluster-forming and a less intensive growth of colony-forming ability of
      hemopoietic cells. The bone marrow remission is marked by the growth of diffusive
      and mixed colonies and clusters, consisting of granulomonocytic elements. The low
      level of colony- and cluster-formation in the medium at the last stage of therapy
      (induction of acute leukosis remission) correlated well with positive indices of
      treatment effectiveness. The results obtained during the cultivation of blood
      forming cells in the agar medium may be also used for diagnosis and prognosis.

PMID- 3859400
TI  - [Changes in lectin-induced agglutination of human tumor cells during the process
      of their reversion].
AB  - The concanavalin A-induced agglutination of cultivated cells of human
      osteosarcoma Sa-4 was studied in the process of their reversion caused by high
      polar compounds, dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and dimethylformamide (DMFA).
      Primarily lectin induced an expressed ability to agglutination in Sa-4 cells. In
      the process of tumour cell reversion under the effect of chemical inducers their
      agglutination decreases. After the DMSO and DMFA removal the osteosarcoma cells
      return to their initial state showing a high agglutination. Other high-polar
      compounds (N-methylformamide and dimethylacetamide) induced no reversion of Sa-4
      cells and no agglutination of them as well.

PMID- 3859402
TI  - [Expression of Fc- and C3-receptors on membranes of blast cells in myeloblastic
      leukemia and blast crisis of myelocytic leukemia].
AB  - The expression of Fc-receptors to immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM, that of FcH
      receptor and receptors to C3-components of the complement in peripheral blood
      blast cells were studied in 11 patients with acute myeloblast leukosis and 10
      patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia at the stage of blast transformation.
      The data obtained show the lower level of differentiation and functional activity
      of blast cells in patients with acute myeloblast leukemia while in chronic
      granulocytic leukemia a degree of expression of surface receptor on myeloblasts
      is close to the data obtained in the study of membrane receptors on promyelocytes
      and myelocytes of healthy persons.

PMID- 3859404
TI  - Long-term monitoring in epilepsy.

PMID- 3859403
TI  - [Differentiation of human leukemia K-562 cells in diffusion chambers].
AB  - The human leukemia K562 cells differentiation is studied in diffusion chambers
      implanted in rats intraperitoneally. The investigations revealed the possibility
      of explantation of leukemic K562 cells in diffusion chambers in a heterogeneous
      host. The ability of these cells to follow the myeloid lineage of differentiation
      is shown.

PMID- 3859405
TI  - Amplification and transmission of the EEG.
AB  - In long-term monitoring of the EEG in epilepsy, the recording conditions are
      usually such that a technique must be used which allows EEG recording from
      patients who are engaged in behavioral activities. The technique employed
      basically consists of the use of a miniaturized EEG amplifier at the site of the
      patient and the transmission of the amplified EEG to the recording apparatus. As
      regards the quality of the recording, the use of miniaturized amplifiers involves
      various problems, particularly those related to the choice of the fixed amplifier
      characteristics. Depending on the recording conditions, the transmission is
      commonly carried out whether by cable telemetry or by radio telemetry. Various
      techniques for multi-channel data transmission can be used for both telemetry
      methods. The choice of any particular transmission technique will mainly depend
      on the characteristics of the EEG data transmitted and on specific requirements
      on the quality of the recording.

PMID- 3859406
TI  - Electrodes.
AB  - The electrical potentials of the brain are quite small and their electrical field
      may be restricted. Detecting these potentials is difficult especially as the
      distance between the electrode and the generator increases. Noninvasive
      electrodes only 'sample' the electrical activity synchronized over a large area
      of the brain. The international 10/20 system of electrode placement, the T1,T2
      electrodes and other more closely placed electrodes record activity generated
      mainly from the brain convexities. Nasopharyngeal, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal
      electrodes record activity generated primarily from basal structures. Invasive
      electrodes including epidural and subdural electrode arrays and depth electrodes
      permit detection and precise localization of electrical activity generated from
      deep or relatively small brain regions.

PMID- 3859407
TI  - Monitoring at the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders
      and Stroke.
AB  - Intensive monitoring (prolonged, telemetered EEG recording, video tape recording,
      and plasma drug level monitoring) has an integral role in the correct diagnosis
      and treatment of patients with intractable epilepsy or suspected epilepsy. The
      intensive monitoring unit at the Clinical Epilepsy Section, NINCDS, exemplifies a
      well-integrated system for clinical epilepsy research. The resulting library of
      video taped seizures is a valuable resource for teaching and the production of
      films on epilepsy.

PMID- 3859408
TI  - C-abl and bcr are rearranged in a Ph1-negative CML patient.
AB  - Chromosomal analysis of a patient with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) revealed
      a translocation (9;12) (q34;q21) without a detectable Philadelphia chromosome
      (Ph1). Using molecular approaches we demonstrate (i) a rearrangement within the
      CML breakpoint cluster region (bcr) on chromosome 22, and (ii) a joint
      translocation of bcr and c-abl oncogene sequences to the derivative chromosome
      12. These observations support the view that sequences residing on both
      chromosome 9 (c-abl) and 22 (bcr) are involved in the generation of CML and
      suggest that a subset of Ph1-negative patients may in fact belong to the clinical
      entity of Ph1-positive CML.

PMID- 3859411
TI  - In vitro uptake of gallium and chlorpromazine by mouse tumour cells.
AB  - Primary cell suspensions were prepared from mouse sarcoma by enzymatic digestion
      with pronase. The cells were incubated with gallium citrate Ga 67 or the basic
      drug 14C-chlorpromazine (CPZ) for up to 1 h at 37 degrees C, and the label uptake
      was determined. The Ga uptake was proportional to time (0-30 min), whilst the CPZ
      uptake rapidly reached apparent saturation (less than 10 min). Metabolic
      inhibitors did not affect label uptake; however, disrupting the cell membrane
      with N-ethylmaleimide or heating at 56 degrees C significantly reduced CPZ
      accumulation but did not inhibit Ga uptake. Ga accumulation was decreased by
      adding human transferrin (0.5 mg/ml). Both gallium and chlorpromazine are fixed
      in the lysosomes of cells; however, in this system, they appeared to enter mouse
      sarcoma cells by different energy-independent mechanisms. The Ga uptake may
      reflect adsorption to cell components, whilst CPZ uptake required an intact cell
      and may be due to passive diffusion.

PMID- 3859409
TI  - Two functions encoded by adenovirus early region 1A are responsible for the
      activation and repression of the DNA-binding protein gene.
AB  - Human adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) gene products differentially regulate the
      expression of early region 2A (E2A) encoding the DNA-binding protein (DBP). In a
      microinjection system, plasmids containing the DBP gene associated with both its
      early (map coordinate 75) and late (coordinate 72) promoters, or only with the
      early promoter, are inefficiently expressed, and the presence of E1A DNA is
      required for full expression. In contrast, the E2A plasmid in which the DBP gene
      is associated solely with its late promoter, efficiently produces DBP, the
      synthesis of which is significantly inhibited by an E1A gene product. To identify
      which of the E1A products is responsible for either activation or repression of
      DBP gene expression, two E1A mutants (Ad5hr1 and Ad2/5pm975) have been tested in
      the microinjection system in the presence of different DBP plasmids containing
      either one or both promoters. The results obtained indicate that the product
      encoded by the E1A 13S mRNA is responsible for the stimulation of DBP produced
      from the early promoter and that the 12S mRNA codes for the product which
      represses the synthesis of DBP from the late promoter. These results were
      confirmed using clones in which the E2A early or late promoter was associated to
      the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene and assayed for CAT activity
      after cell transfection in the absence or in the presence of wild-type or mutant
      E1A plasmids, and we have also shown that this promoter-dependent regulation is
      reflected in the relative amount of specific DBP mRNA.

PMID- 3859410
TI  - The preparation and characterisation of 111In-labelled 791T/36 monoclonal
      antibody for tumour immunoscintigraphy.
AB  - The anti-human tumour monoclonal antibody 791T/36 was conjugated to the cyclic
      dianhydride of DTPA and radio-labelled with 111In. The labelling method proved to
      be both simple and reliable and would be suitable for routine clinical use.
      Subsequent characterisation of this radio-pharmaceutical in vitro and in tumour
      bearing hosts gave a strong indication as to its suitability for clinical tumour
      localisation studies.

PMID- 3859412
TI  - The case of the vanishing gallium uptake.

PMID- 3859413
TI  - Detection of minimal residual disease in acute leukemia: possibilities and
      limitations.
AB  - Studies are presented on the detection of 'minimal residual leukemia' using a
      monoclonal antibody (MCA) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). As a
      preclinical model the BN rat acute myelocytic leukemia was used (BNML). The MCA
      Rm124 (IgM) strongly binds to BNML cells as measured by fluorescence intensity of
      a second-layer antibody (goat anti-mouse IgM fluorescein isothiocyanate). Only
      weak cross-reactivity occurred with normal mature granulocytes. It appeared
      possible to detect as low as 1 leukemic cell per 10,000 normal marrow cells, both
      in artificial mixtures and in marrows obtained after in vivo remission-induction
      chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide. Furthermore, an example is given of
      describing the kinetics of growth of leukemia in the liver, based on serial
      determinations of leukemic cells with the MCA technique. The population doubling
      time (Td) in the liver calculated in this way did not significantly differ from
      that derived from time-consuming and expensive bioassays. Finally, the
      extrapolation of these techniques developed in a preclinical model to studies in
      human acute leukemia is discussed.

PMID- 3859414
TI  - CA 19-9 in the differential diagnosis between pancreatic cancer and chronic
      pancreatitis.
AB  - CA 19-9 serum concentration was determined by a immunoradiometric technique in
      130 subjects to evaluate its role in differentiating pancreatic cancer from
      chronic pancreatitis. Two threshold values were chosen, 17 and 37 U/ml. With the
      former, sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were 86.7, 62.3 and 49.0
      respectively, with the latter 73.3, 87.0 and 60.3%. The receiver-operating
      characteristic curves demonstrated a satisfactory discriminating capacity of CA
      19-9 as regards pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis; in contrast, the
      discrimination was poor for other gastrointestinal diseases, mainly of a
      malignant nature.

PMID- 3859415
TI  - Further evaluation of bimolane and analogs as potential antitumor agents.
AB  - Bimolane has been shown to have good antitumor activity and on an equitoxic basis
      its activity is usually better than the chemically related razoxane. Resistance
      patterns of these two piperazinediones were similar. They exhibited cross
      resistance to each other but little or no cross-resistance to most other
      clinically used drugs tested. Partial resistance was observed, however, between
      the piperazinediones and vincristine, daunorubicin and doxorubicin. The antitumor
      activities of three new analogs were compared with bimolane, ICRF-154 and
      razoxane against four rodent tumors. In general, bimolane was most effective.

PMID- 3859416
TI  - Changes in the characteristics of the bone marrow during therapy for acute non
      lymphocytic leukemia: relationship to response to remission induction therapy.
AB  - The bone marrows of patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia being treated
      with 'high dose' cytosine arabinoside remission induction therapy were sampled
      prior to the initiation of chemotherapy, after 6 days of therapy and again 7 days
      after the conclusion of therapy. These studies demonstrated that the marrows of
      patients who would enter remission (CR patients) contained less leukemic cells
      prior to therapy than patients who would fail to enter remission because of
      persistent leukemia (resistant disease, or RD patients). A comparison of the day
      6 and 7-day post-therapy marrows with the pretherapy marrow demonstrated that
      while the % reduction in leukemic cells was greater for CR patients than for RD
      patients, the absolute reduction in leukemic cell mass was the same for both
      groups. While there was no relationship between the percentage of cells in S
      phase and the pretherapy leukemic cell mass, the greater the pretherapy leukemic
      cell mass the greater the likelihood that the leukemic cells would be resistant
      to the metabolic effects of cytosine arabinoside in vitro.

PMID- 3859417
TI  - Effect of thymulin on intracellular cyclic nucleotides and prostaglandins E2 in
      peanut agglutinin-fractionated thymocytes.
AB  - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and other selected agents which elevate intracellular
      cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels have been demonstrated to induce the appearance of
      surface markers in immature T lymphocytes. Thymic hormones, which are the natural
      inducers of these markers, have long been hypothesized to act through the
      increase of cAMP levels. We have approached this area of investigation by
      studying the effects of thymulin (a serum thymus-derived factor, coupled with
      Zinc) on intracellular cAMP and cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels (expressed as cAMP/cGMP
      ratio) and on the release of PGE2 in different thymocyte subpopulations.
      Thymocytes were fractionated by the peanut agglutinin (PNA) technique into
      cortical immature PNA+ and medullary mature PNA- thymocytes. The data presented
      in this report show that thymulin is able to increase the cAMP/cGMP ratio in PNA+
      and in unfractionated thymocytes, depending on its concentration, but not in PNA-
      thymic cells. Conversely, it is able to increase the release of PGE2 by PNA-
      thymocytes but not by PNA+ and unfractionated thymic lymphocytes. These results
      are consistent with the hypothesis that thymulin could act through different
      mechanisms depending on the differentiation stage of its target cells. In fact,
      it could be suggested that immature T cells could be activated by thymulin
      thereby increasing the cAMP/cGMP ratio, whereas more mature T cells would be
      further differentiated by thymulin through enhanced release of PGE2.

PMID- 3859418
TI  - Spizofurone (AG-629) increases gastric mucosal blood flow in dogs: a possible
      mechanism of its anti-ulcer effect.
AB  - The effect of spizofurone (AG-629), a new anti-ulcer agent, on gastric mucosal
      blood flow was investigated in anesthetized dogs and the effects were compared
      with those of prostaglandin E2. Intravenous administration of spizofurone in
      doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg caused a dose-related increase in gastric mucosal blood
      flow. Spizofurone (1-10 mg/ml) given intragastrically for 15 min produced a
      sustained increase in gastric mucosal blood flow in a concentration-dependent
      manner; with 3 mg/ml there was about a 50% increase in gastric mucosal blood flow
      at the peak and a 2 h duration of action. The mode of action of spizofurone was
      similar to that of prostaglandin E2. The reduction in the gastric mucosal blood
      flow as induced by indomethacin was markedly improved by spizofurone. The topical
      action of spizofurone was confirmed in an in situ experiment using a stomach flap
      fixed to a lucite chamber. These results indicate that spizofurone increases
      gastric mucosal blood flow after systemic and topical administration, and this
      increase in gastric mucosal blood flow would account for the anti-ulcer effects
      of this drug.

PMID- 3859420
TI  - Osteogenic sarcoma--a rare primary tumour of the breast.
AB  - A case of primary osteogenic sarcoma of the breast is reported and the
      histological and mammographic features demonstrated. A role for technetium 99
      diphosphonate bone scanning in the diagnosis of this condition and measurement of
      serum alkaline phosphatase activity for monitoring progress of the disease is
      suggested.

PMID- 3859419
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against E- and F-type prostaglandins. High specificity and
      sensitivity in conventional radioimmunoassays.
AB  - Polyclonal antisera against prostaglandins (PGs) are widely used for the
      assessment of the biological role of these mediators, but even the most specific
      contain antibodies against the major metabolites and degradation products of the
      haptens employed. To overcome this inherent problem we produced monoclonal
      antibodies (mAs) against PGE2, PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha using the somatic
      cell hybridization technique. The mAs against 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGF2 alpha
      proved to be highly specific, but allowed only for moderate detection limits (1-2
      ng) in conventional fluid phase radioimmunoassays (RIAs). One of the mAs against
      PGE2 permitted a 100-fold improvement in the detection limit while being almost
      devoid of cross-reactivity with metabolites and other structurally related PGs.
      These results show that highly specific mAs against PGs can be produced to
      improve the available RIA technique for PG quantification.

PMID- 3859421
TI  - Dentists' incomes: national and regional survey.

PMID- 3859422
TI  - Straight answers to tough questions patients ask.

PMID- 3859423
TI  - Collection calls: train your receptionist not to be timid.

PMID- 3859424
TI  - Myofascial pain: diagnosis and treatment. A DM special interview.

PMID- 3859425
TI  - The anxious patient. A psychologist's view: 1. The regular attender.

PMID- 3859426
TI  - The Belle Maudsley memorial lecture 1984. The bionator: its use and 'abuse'. Part
      2. Problems and progress.

PMID- 3859428
TI  - The MGDS RCS examination. Log/diaries.

PMID- 3859427
TI  - MGDS RCS examination. The scope and structure of the examination.

PMID- 3859429
TI  - Light-activated composites: the current status.

PMID- 3859430
TI  - Prescribing and drug use in general practice. 3. Legislation and prescribing.

PMID- 3859431
TI  - Impact of genetic engineering on hepatitis B virus.

PMID- 3859432
TI  - Development of dental Pd-Ti alloys.

PMID- 3859433
TI  - Systemic effects of porous Ti dental implants.

PMID- 3859434
TI  - Selected curing characteristics of light-activated composite resins.

PMID- 3859435
TI  - Surface roughness of a dental amalgam via a laser scattering test.

PMID- 3859436
TI  - Surface reproduction of pH-adjusted alginate impression materials.

PMID- 3859437
TI  - Bite forces and functional loading levels in maxillary complete dentures.

PMID- 3859438
TI  - The temperature of cement specimens and its influence on measured strength.

PMID- 3859439
TI  - A diffusion model for microleakage in dental restorations.

PMID- 3859440
TI  - Implications of oral disease trends for the treatment needs of older adults.

PMID- 3859441
TI  - Training tomorrow's leaders in oral health services for older adults.

PMID- 3859442
TI  - Detection of root caries: sensitivity and specificity of a modified explorer.

PMID- 3859443
TI  - A problem-oriented approach to evaluate common mucosal lesions in the geriatric
      patient.

PMID- 3859444
TI  - Career satisfaction of older male dentists.

PMID- 3859445
TI  - Evaluating orofacial pain in the elderly.

PMID- 3859446
TI  - A practical and economical approach to splinting mobile anterior teeth using wire
      and composite resin.

PMID- 3859447
TI  - An evaluation of dental programs and delivery systems for elderly isolated
      populations.

PMID- 3859448
TI  - Clinico-pathological studies on the healing of periapical tissues in aged
      patients by root canal filling using pastes of calcium hydroxide added iodoform.

PMID- 3859449
TI  - [Diagnostic value of a new serum marker of human digestive cancer: the
      carbohydrate antigen 19.9; comparison with the carcinoembryonic antigen].
AB  - In order to evaluate its diagnostic value for digestive cancers, the carbohydrate
      antigen 19.9 (CA 19.9) was quantitated by radioimmunoassay in the serum of 102
      patients suffering from malignant or non-malignant diseases of the digestive or
      pulmonary tract and of 20 healthy subjects. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
      was quantitated by enzyme-immunoassay in the same sera. No correlation was found
      between the CA 19.9 and the CEA levels. The sensitivity of the CA 19.9 test for
      the detection of digestive cancers (0.51) was not significantly higher than
      neither that of the CEA assay (0.46), nor that of the combined tests (0.59).
      Numerous false positive results were encountered in the CA 19.9 assay in
      pulmonary diseases and in non-cancerous liver diseases, especially cirrhosis. Its
      specificity (0.84) did not prove to be superior to that of CEA (0.90). Thus, in
      our experience, the clinical interest of serum CA 19.9 determination for the
      diagnosis of digestive cancers seems doubtful.

PMID- 3859450
TI  - [Abortion induction in the 2d pregnancy trimester. Endocervical PGE2 gel
      administration, intramuscular sulprostone administration and combined
      (endocervical PGE2 gel/intramuscular sulprostone) treatment].
AB  - In 74 patients with normal pregnancy, termination of pregnancy was induced during
      1980-1983 for medical reasons (12%) or for eugenic reasons (88%) in the second
      trimenon of pregnancy. We compared endocervical PG-E2 gel application (if
      necessary, several doses of 0.5 mg PG-E2 gel every 4-6 hours in 25 cases) with
      intramuscular application of sulproston (500 micrograms sulproston IM every 4-6
      hours in 26 cases) and the combined endocervical application of PG-E2 gel (single
      administration of 0.5 mg PG-E2 gel endocervically) plus systemic application of
      sulproston (500 micrograms sulproston IM every 4-6 hours) in 23 cases. The
      average gestational age in the groups under comparison was 21 to 22 weeks of
      pregnancy. In the group with combined application, in endocervical PG-E2 gel
      application and systemic sulproston application IM, complete or incomplete
      abortion was seen after regular application within 20 hours in 100% of the cases.
      With regular PG-E2 gel application endocervically we found complete or incomplete
      abortion in only 79% of the cases within 36 hours, and with the IM application of
      sulproston in 94% of the cases under observation within 36 hours. Combined
      application of PG-E2 endocervically and systemic application of sulproston led to
      a statistically significant saving of sulproston (average total dose = 0.9 mg)
      together with significant reduction of the abortion induction interval to 8 hours
      after the first IM sulproston dose. (For comparison: Abortion induction interval
      after endocervical PG-E2 gel application = average 24.6 hours, and after IM
      sulproston application = average 15.9 hours).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3859451
TI  - [Leukemic cell phenotype in acute myeloid leukemia in children (during
      recurrences and after ineffective treatment)].

PMID- 3859452
TI  - [Clinico-cytological aspects of acute leukemia in children].

PMID- 3859453
TI  - [Suppression of normal myelopoiesis in children with acute leukemia].

PMID- 3859454
TI  - [Colony-forming capacity of bone marrow cells in children with myeloblastic
      leukemia].

PMID- 3859455
TI  - [Proliferation and maturation in agar cultures of hematopoietic stem cells of
      children with lymphoblastic leukemia].

PMID- 3859456
TI  - [Kinetic indicators of leukemic cell populations in various types of acute
      leukemia in children].

PMID- 3859457
TI  - The endocrine activity of isolated follicular cells of the carp ovary in primary
      culture.
AB  - Oocytes were isolated from the ovaries of carp females of one breed. Interstitial
      tissue was mechanically removed in order to obtain single oocytes surrounded only
      by the follicular envelope. Such a preparation was trypsinized at room
      temperature and also with greater success at 37 degrees C. The follicular cell
      suspension contained both cells and cell clumps. It was the mixture of theca (T)
      and granulosa (G) cells. The temperature of 37 degrees C was preferable for the
      successful growth of the cells in tissue culture. The cells were grown as
      monolayers in Leighton tubes in Medium 199 supplemented with calf serum. Activity
      of delta 5, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5, 3 beta-HSD) was
      detected in the growing cells by a histochemical test. Culture media were
      analyzed for estrogen, androgen, and progesterone content by appropriate
      radioimmunoassays. Follicular cells prior to and in culture exhibited activity of
      the delta 5, 3 beta-HSD and secreted steroid hormones into the culture medium.

PMID- 3859458
TI  - [Mutability of the LYS2 gene in diploid saccharomycete yeasts. I. The occurrence
      of spontaneous mutants and mutants induced by x-ray and ultraviolet radiation].
AB  - More than 3000 spontaneous and induced lys2 mutants were obtained in haploid and
      diploid strains of yeast Saccharomyces. The ability to utilize alpha-aminoadipate
      was used for lys2 mutant screening. The spontaneous and induced mutation rates
      were measured in haploid and diploid strains. Mitotic segregation of pho1 marker
      linked to LYS2 was studied in lys2 mutants obtained in diploid strains. Fertility
      of diploid lys2 mutants was tested. The conclusion to be drawn from the data
      presented is that mutations appeared in one of two homologous chromosomes and
      then segregated by mitotic homozygotization.

PMID- 3859459
TI  - [Population structure of the forest Nentsi. V. F-statistics, genetic distances
      and the average heterozygosity (compared to the Nganasani)].
AB  - Aspects of population structure within two of the least disintegrated
      "anthropological isolates" in north-western (forest Nentsi) and north-central
      (Nganasani) Siberia were analysed on the basis of 14 polymorphic loci. The mean
      FIS values were found to be 0.008 in the forest Nentsi and -0.038 in the
      Nganasani. The negative FIS in the latter may be due to avoidance of close
      inbreeding. This is not the case with the Forest Nentsi who prefer matings of the
      uncle-niece and first cousin's type. The mean RST(FST) values of 0.026 for the
      forest Nentsi and 0.009 for less heterogeneous Nganasani fall within the range of
      values found in subdivided human groups with a similar pattern of material
      culture and economy. Analysis of covariance and variance matrices containing gene
      frequencies for seven forest Nentsi and three Nganasani subdivisions indicate
      that the population structure of both groups is the product of the
      counterbalancing action of genetic drift and migration. Pairwise genetic and
      geographic distance matrices between subpopulations within both groups are highly
      correlated, allowing us to ascribe more than 90 percent of variation among
      subdivisions of the Nganasani and almost 70 percent in the forest Nentsi to the
      effects of geographic barriers, namely distance. Mean locus heterozygosity was
      found to be higher in the forest Nentsi (0.332) than in the Nganasani (0.286)
      reflecting pronounced difference in their histories.

PMID- 3859461
TI  - Evidence of fibrinogen breakdown by leukocyte enzymes in a patient with acute
      promyelocytic leukemia.
AB  - On daunomycin treatment of a patient with promyelocytic leukemia, leukocyte
      elastase appeared in large amounts in the patient's blood. Also, the plasma
      fibrinogen was found to be partially degraded to early, X-like, fibrinogen
      degradation products. These early fibrinogen fragments were isolated and showed a
      low anticoagulant activity in a thrombin time test. Early fibrinogen degradation
      products, produced with leukocyte elastase in vitro, have a similar low
      anticoagulant activity. In contrast, plasmic degradation products inhibit
      clotting of fibrinogen to a large extent. Although alpha 2-antiplasmin and
      plasminogen levels were low, antithrombin III levels were not decreased. The low
      anticoagulant activity of the isolated fibrinogen fragments, the presence of
      elastase activity in the plasma--both immunological and amidolytic--and the
      normal levels of antithrombin III suggest that granulocytic enzymes, whose
      release was enhanced by the cytostatic treatment, were responsible for
      degradation of fibrinogen in this patient.

PMID- 3859460
TI  - HLA-DR antigens in primary biliary cirrhosis: lack of association.
AB  - A study of HLA-DR antigen in 75 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis has been
      carried out in order to test the hypothesis that genetic factors related to genes
      controlling immune responses might be important in the pathogenesis of primary
      biliary cirrhosis. The frequencies of HLA-DR locus antigens was not significantly
      different from those in 200 normal controls, nor were those of tissue antigens on
      the A and B loci. No HLA-DR antigen was significantly associated with the
      appearance of granulomata on liver biopsy (possibly good prognosis) or with
      raised serum bilirubin (possibly bad prognosis); nor was there any association
      between any HLA-DR antigen and adverse reactions to D-penicillamine treatment in
      17 patients with such adverse reactions. It is concluded that genetic traits
      related to HLA antigens studied are probably not important in the aetiology of
      the disease.

PMID- 3859462
TI  - A descriptive approach to bulimia.
AB  - The many labels applied to bulimia and its frequent association with anorexia
      nervosa have often created confusion about its characteristics and causes. Recent
      research reveals a variety of bulimic types, some without histories of anorexia
      and with different treatment needs and prognoses. To clarify discussions among
      researchers and aid clinical decisions, the author proposes replacing the labels
      with broader descriptions.

PMID- 3859463
TI  - Antigenic properties of T cell antigen-specific receptors isolated from the
      surface of rabbit and mouse spleen and lymph node cells.
AB  - The presence of a allotypic determinants was tested in fractions obtained by gel
      filtration of antigen-specific receptors isolated by immunoadsorption from
      lymphoid cells of antigen-stimulated a3-3 rabbits. This technique, as well as the
      inhibition of the reaction of isolated receptors with anti-T cell receptor
      antisera (anti R) by anti-a3 antibodies failed to demonstrate the presence of a
      allotypic determinants. The inhibitory effect of antigen-specific receptors
      isolated from the lymphoid cells of stimulated A/J mice on the cytotoxic effect
      of anti-Ia antibodies on mouse spleen cells in the presence of rabbit complement
      was tested. All preparations inhibited the cytotoxic reaction with the average
      effectivity of 60%. In order to confirm the presence of Ia determinants on the
      rabbit and mouse T cell receptor molecules it was shown that the reactions of
      three anti-R antisera with 12 different receptor preparations were inhibited by
      anti-Ia antibodies. SDS-PAGE analyses of 125I-labelled mouse specific receptors
      and the precipitate obtained by anti-R antisera showed that T cell receptors were
      present in fractions with molar mass 100 and 85 kg/mol. The molar mass of the
      former fraction after reduction and alkylation was 45 kg/mol.

PMID- 3859464
TI  - Direct assignment of orosomucoid to human chromosome 9 and alpha 2HS-glycoprotein
      to chromosome 3 using human fetal liver x rat hepatoma hybrids.
AB  - The production of plasma proteins has been monitored in somatic cell hybrids
      between a rat hepatoma cell line (7777) and human fetal liver cells. Production
      of 14 plasma proteins was assayed in concentrated serum-free culture supernatants
      by electroimmunoassay. Alpha 2HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) was produced by 10 of 19
      hybrids; concordancy for presence or absence of protein production was 100% for
      human chromosome 3. Orosomucoid (ORM) was produced in 8 of 19 hybrids, with a
      concordancy for presence or absence of protein of 94.7% with human chromosome 9.
      The chromosome location for genes for these two proteins, previously assigned by
      linkage studies, is confirmed by direct assignment. These studies have also
      suggested possible chromosomal assignments for loci for alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
      and C1 esterase inhibitor. Other genes for proteins which could not be assigned
      to specific chromosomes using these hybrids were: complement C3, ceruloplasmin,
      hemopexin, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor, prealbumin, retinol-binding protein,
      transferrin and apolipoproteins CII, B, and sinking-pre-beta [Lp(a)].

PMID- 3859465
TI  - The interaction of hemoglobin O Arab with Hb S and beta+ thalassemia among
      Israeli Arabs.
AB  - We have studied 105 individuals in the village of Jasser El Zarka in the Northern
      Coast of Israel of whom 59% had at least one abnormal hemoglobin. Of the
      individuals studied 41% were AA, 13.3% AS, 28.6% AOArab, 10.5% SOArab, 0.9% SS,
      38% OArab-beta + Thal, and 1.9% beta Thal trait. The SOArab double heterozygotes
      were characterized by a normal mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular
      hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and an increase of Hb F (11.7 +/- 4.3%) and 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate levels (27.8 microns/g Hb). The increase of Hb F is higher
      than the one seen among OArabs of other ethnic backgrounds. Their clinical course
      was moderately severe and osteoporosis was quite frequent. The interactions of Hb
      OArab and Hb S were studied in vitro and it was confirmed the Hb OArab lowers the
      minimal gelling concentration of mixtures with Hb S (as compared to mixtures of
      Hb S and Hb A), but that this effect is ionic-strength dependent. Our data are in
      conflict with previous claims that Hb OArab mixtures with Hb S polymerized almost
      as much as pure S. Oxygen association curves show a significant displacement of
      the p50 to the right, but the effect of oxygen dissociation is less apparent. The
      displacement was not nearly as significant as with SS cells, confirming our
      gelation data. Blood group determinations establish that these Arab populations
      had black African admixture. The Hb OArab/beta + Thal double heterozygotes
      exhibit moderate anemia (10.3 g% of Hb) and the percentage of Hb A was 17.2 +/-
      1.8%. The fetal Hb was 5.4 +/- 2.1% and the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate level in two
      cases was 17.4 mumol/g Hb. The only case of a homozygote SS had moderate anemia
      (10.3g Hb%), 25.7% of Hb F, and a very benign course.

PMID- 3859466
TI  - Unequal mitotic sister chromatid exchange and different length of Y chromosomes.
AB  - There is wide variation in the length of the Y chromosome. In the same individual
      the length varies continuously and is normally distributed. We describe a boy
      with borderline mental retardation, gross and fine motor coordination difficulty,
      muscle rigidity, ptosis, clinodactyly, and a Y chromosome of different lengths in
      two separate cell populations. The most probable explanation of the cytogenetic
      finding is a mitotic unequal sister chromatid exchange of the Y chromosome.

PMID- 3859467
TI  - A new chromosome abnormality in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3859468
TI  - Distribution of human blood polymorphic systems in two Haryana villages.

PMID- 3859469
TI  - [Activities of dentists in 1983].

PMID- 3859470
TI  - [The biology of aging].

PMID- 3859471
TI  - [Aging bones].

PMID- 3859472
TI  - [Aging of the dentin-pulp complex].

PMID- 3859473
TI  - [Structure and evolution of the use of health services and dental prosthetics in
      elderly persons].

PMID- 3859474
TI  - [Drug prescriptions for the elderly].

PMID- 3859475
TI  - [Periodontal therapy in elderly persons].

PMID- 3859476
TI  - The effect of amphotericin B on 67Ga biodistribution.
AB  - The effect of Amphotericin B (AMB) on radiogallium biodistribution in mice was
      studied at various time intervals. Two doses of AMB (1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) were
      administered intraperitoneally into mice bearing EMT-6 mammary sarcomas. The
      tumor and tissue uptakes of 67Ga were calculated when the radioactivity was
      administered either as 67Ga-citrate or 67Ga-transferrin (Ga-Tf). The role of
      transferrin was also investigated by using doubly-labeled 67Ga-125I-Tf. Our
      results indicate that both the doses of AMB and the chemical form of the
      radiogallium administered affect the pattern of distribution in some distinct
      fashion. It was also found that although the administration of AMB results in an
      increase in tumor-associated transferrin, this does not necessarily result in a
      concomitant increase in radiogallium uptake. In general, the effects of AMB on
      various tissues uptake of 67Ga appear to be related to both acute and subacute
      toxicity.

PMID- 3859477
TI  - Effects of pH and citrate concentrations on in vitro binding of 67Ga to Ehrlich
      ascites tumor cells.

PMID- 3859478
TI  - A cephalometric and electromyographic investigation of patients treated for the
      correction of mandibular prognathism by mandibular surgery only.

PMID- 3859479
TI  - Case report: orthognathic surgery-correction of maxillo-mandibular deformity.

PMID- 3859480
TI  - Recognizing tongue related malocclusions.

PMID- 3859481
TI  - A simplified approach to functional therapy.

PMID- 3859482
TI  - A new HLA-DP (SB) specificity (Cp63) defined in Japanese and Caucasian cell
      populations by cloned PLT cells.
AB  - Cp61, Cp62, and Cp63 are HLA-DP (SB) specificities detected by PLT testing using
      cloned PLT cells derived from Japanese cell donors. It was confirmed, using
      Japanese and Caucasian cell panels, that Cp61 is identical to DPw5 and Cp62 is
      identical to DPw4. Cp63, however, was found not to correlate with any known HLA
      DP specificities. The gene frequency of Cp63 was found to be 3.6% in Japanese (N
      = 42) and 1.9% in Caucasian (N = 52) cell panels of limited size. No triplet
      assignment of DPw specificity including Cp63 was found in the Japanese and
      Caucasian cell populations. The relationship between the Cp63 and the HLA
      antigens demonstrated no significant correlation with HLA-A,B,C,DR, or MT
      antigens in this study. Linkage between Cp63 and HLA was confirmed from family
      segregation studies. This is the first report of a new DP specificity termed
      Cp63.

PMID- 3859483
TI  - Cross-linked collagen surface for cell culture that is stable, uniform, and
      optically superior to conventional surfaces.
AB  - A new type of collagen surface for use with cultures of peripheral nervous system
      cells is described. Collagen is derivatized to plastic culture dishes by a cross
      linking reagent, l-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)-carbodiimide-metho-p-toluene
      sulfonate (carbodiimide), to form a uniform and durable surface for cell
      attachment and growth that allows dry storage, long-term culture, and improved
      microscopy. Surfaces of collagen derivatized to plastic were compared to surfaces
      of adsorbed or ammonia-polymerized collagen in terms of collagen binding and
      detachment, growth by dorsal root ganglion cells, and electron microscopy
      appearances. Derivatized collagen surfaces retained more collagen and showed much
      less evidence of degradation and cellular damage over periods of many weeks than
      did conventional adsorbed surfaces. Long-term survival of cells on derivatized
      collagen was far superior to that on the other surfaces, with almost 90% of
      cultures still viable after 10 wk. Transmission electron microscopy showed an
      organized layer of single fibrils that supported cell growth well, and scanning
      electron microscopy demonstrated an increased uniformity of derivatized collagen
      surfaces compared to ammoniated collagen surfaces. Applications for this improved
      substrate surface are discussed.

PMID- 3859484
TI  - Changes in K+,Na+-sensitive actin gelation factor during the differentiation of
      myeloid leukemia cells.
AB  - A homodimer protein consisting of two 38,000 dalton peptides was isolated from a
      murine leukemia cell line (M1). The binding molar ratio of the 38K-dimer protein
      to purified skeletal muscle actin was saturated at 1:3, and when the 38K
      dimer/actin ratio exceeded 1:12, gelation occurred. This gelation was completely
      inhibited by the presence of either 10 mM KCl or 20 mM NaCl. The protein induced
      actin filament bundling, which required a higher 38K-dimer/actin ratio and was
      not affected by the presence of monovalent cations. During the differentiation of
      Ml cells, the sensitivity of the 38K protein to monovalent cations was decreased;
      that is 20 mM KCl or 50 mM NaCl was required to inhibit the gelation by the 38K
      protein isolated from differentiated cells. On the other hand, the intracellular
      K+ content of Ml cells decreased from 70 +/- 5 mM to 18 +/- 3 mM, and Na+
      increased from 10 +/- 5 mM to 40 +/- 10 mM during the differentiation. These
      findings suggest that the differentiation brought about conditions favourable for
      the 38K protein to induce actin gelation, and in turn, the locomotive and
      phagocytic activities which were induced only after differentiation in this cell
      line.

PMID- 3859485
TI  - Crystallization and preliminary x-ray characterization of bovine growth hormone.
      Purification of bovine prolactin and growth hormone.
AB  - A new purification scheme for both prolactin and growth hormone from bovine
      pituitaries has been developed which avoids the use of potentially damaging
      solution conditions. Both hormones were greater than 95% pure as judged by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and had specific activities
      similar to or greater than standard samples of the same hormone as judged by
      several bioassays. Small single crystals of bovine growth hormone were obtained
      by vapor diffusion techniques. Examination of these crystals by x-ray
      diffraction, using the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, showed that they
      were well ordered, and exhibited diffraction to 2.8-A resolution on still
      photographs. Precession and oscillation photographs showed that they belonged to
      the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) (or P2(1)2(1)2) with unit cell
      dimensions a = 219 A, b = 51.9 A, c = 68.9 A. The density of the crystals was
      1.19 +/- 0.02 g/ml from which the presence of eight 45,000-dalton dimers/unit
      cell was deduced. The protein content of the crystals was shown by isoelectric
      focusing to be identical to that of purified growth hormone in solution. These
      crystals appear suitable for use in the x-ray structure determination of bovine
      growth hormone to at least 3.2-A resolution.

PMID- 3859486
TI  - In vitro effects of ovarian steroids on prostaglandin F2 alpha output by human
      endometrium and endometrial epithelial cells.
AB  - Correlations of the rise in prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) levels in human
      endometrium during the menstrual cycle with changes in plasma concentrations of
      ovarian steroids have suggested that progesterone (P) priming of the endometrium
      is necessary for the stimulation of PGF2 alpha production by estradiol (E2).
      However, despite the absence of significant levels of P in plasma during the
      follicular phase of the cycle, PGF2 alpha output by epithelial cell cultures
      derived from proliferative endometrium was stimulated in vitro by 10(-8) M E2 at
      least as well as PGF2 alpha output from secretory endometrium. In addition, basal
      PGF2 alpha output by proliferative endometrium under organ culture conditions was
      significantly greater than that by secretory endometrium. Concurrent addition of
      P counteracted the effects of E2 in these in vitro systems. P (10(-7) M) plus E2
      (10(-8) M) resulted in PGF2 alpha output as low or lower than those of control
      incubations of secretory and proliferative endometrium. In the epithelial cell
      cultures, significant net stimulation by 10(-8) M E2 occurred in the presence of
      10(-6) M P, a noteworthy finding since the rise in endometrial PGF2 alpha during
      the luteal phase takes place when the tissue is exposed to both E2 and P. P
      lowered the basal output of PGF2 alpha by endometrium in organ culture, but not
      by epithelial cells in monolayer cultures. E2 appears to stimulate PGF2 alpha
      output by increasing synthesis rather than diminishing metabolism, since
      exogenous [3H]PGF2 alpha was metabolized to an equivalent extent by fragments of
      secretory endometrium or glandular epithelial cells regardless of whether E2 was
      added to the incubation medium. The results from this study confirm that only
      secretory endometrium responds to E2 in vitro by significantly increasing PGF2
      alpha output. The lack of response by proliferative endometrium, when contrasted
      with the marked responsiveness of epithelial cells derived from this tissue,
      suggests that an inhibitory influence is removed during the isolation or
      subsequent culture of endometrial glands.

PMID- 3859488
TI  - Eliminating lower retention.

PMID- 3859487
TI  - Evaluation of three broth disk methods for testing the susceptibility of
      anaerobic bacteria to imipenem.
AB  - Imipenem is a member of a new class of highly potent beta-lactam antibiotics,
      carbapenems, with an antibacterial spectrum that includes nearly all currently
      known aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species of clinical significance. Although
      relatively stable in most standard laboratory media used for antimicrobial
      susceptibility testing, imipenem undergoes rapid inactivation in thioglycolate
      broth, a recommended medium for susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria by
      the broth disk method. In the current study, a panel of 36 anaerobic bacteria
      consisting of 28 clinical isolates and eight quality control strains was used to
      determine the suitability and accuracy of the broth disk methods with brain heart
      infusion, Schaedler, and anaerobic broths, in comparison to the reference agar
      dilution method, for the anaerobic susceptibility testing of imipenem. To achieve
      single test concentrations of approximately 8, 16, and 64 micrograms/ml for
      imipenem, cefoxitin, and piperacillin, respectively, which correspond to the MIC
      breakpoints of the test drugs, four 10-microgram imipenem disks, three 30
      microgram cefoxitin disks, and three 100-microgram piperacillin disks were used
      in 5 ml of broth. The correlation between the reference agar dilution method and
      each of the three broth disk elution procedures evaluated was excellent, for
      imipenem (100% agreement) and somewhat less so for cefoxitin and piperacillin.
      Therefore, brain heart infusion, Schaedler, and anaerobic broths, but not
      thioglycolate broth, are suitable for anaerobic susceptibility testing of
      imipenem by the disk elution method.

PMID- 3859489
TI  - Surgical-orthodontic treatment for overerupted maxillary molars.

PMID- 3859490
TI  - Facial changes resulting from different treatments in identical twins.

PMID- 3859491
TI  - Mandibular corrector.

PMID- 3859492
TI  - Practice development letters.

PMID- 3859493
TI  - Labial pad measuring gauge for Class III removable appliances.

PMID- 3859495
TI  - Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy. VI. Localization of sites with
      probing attachment loss.
AB  - Incisors, cuspids and premolars in 49 patients with advanced chronic
      periodontitis were treated with initial, non-surgical periodontal therapy. The
      results were monitored by probing attachment level measurements at 6 sites of
      each tooth every 3rd month during a period of 24 months. A series of 9 probing
      attachment level measurements for each site was subjected to linear regression
      analysis. The slope of the regression line, the projected probing attachment loss
      during the 24-month interval (delta y) and the probability level of the slope
      were calculated for each site. 2 groups of sites with probing attachment loss
      were identified: group 1: sites with delta y greater than 1.5 mm and p less than
      0.05; group 2: sites with delta y greater than 1.0 mm and p less than 0.05. Group
      1 included 120 sites (5%) and group 2 included 265 sites (10%) of the total of
      2532 available sites. In both groups, probing attachment loss was more frequently
      noticed for sites with an initial probing depth less than or equal to 3.5 mm than
      for sites with initial probing depth greater than or equal to 7.0 mm. The finding
      that the majority of sites with probing, attachment loss was found amongst
      initially shallow or moderately deep lesions may indicate attachment loss due to
      trauma associated with therapy rather than loss as a result of a continuing,
      inflammatory disease process.

PMID- 3859494
TI  - Non-suppression of cortisol secretion by long term treatment with ketoconazole in
      patients with acute leukaemia.
AB  - Ketoconazole, a potent antifungal agent, inhibits adrenal steroidogenesis in
      normal subjects during short term treatment. Since this drug is used in the long
      term prophylaxis of fungal infections in patients with haematological
      malignancies, we have investigated whether such patients have evidence of
      adrenocortical suppression. Six patients on long term prophylaxis with
      ketoconazole were given tetracosactrin stimulation tests. All patients had high
      basal cortisol concentrations, which increased further after administration of 25
      IU of tetracosactrin. It is concluded that leukaemic patients receiving long term
      ketoconazole treatment do not have adrenocortical suppression. They may, in fact,
      have hyperstimulated adrenocortical function due to stress and hypovolaemia.

PMID- 3859496
TI  - Candidal carriage and plaque distribution before, during and after removable
      orthodontic appliance therapy.
AB  - Candidal counts at 6 mucosal sites in 33 subjects were estimated by imprint
      culture before, during and after removable orthodontic appliance therapy.
      Additionally, dental plaque scores and salivary pH were measured at each stage.
      Whole mouth and site prevalence of candida rose significantly during therapy
      before falling to levels approximating initial values. A similar pattern was seen
      for candidal counts for the whole mouth and at individual mucosal sites, although
      post-treatment densities were usually lower than originally seen. The number of
      sites colonised by candida and salivary pH also increased significantly during
      treatment and fell significantly afterwards. Only the upper palatal plaque scores
      rose during therapy and most other dental sites showed a gradual decrease in
      value during the course of the study. This could be attributed to regular
      monitoring of the patient's oral hygiene procedures. This investigation
      demonstrated a direct relationship between the presence of an acrylic appliance,
      candida and low salivary pH levels. Furthermore, removable appliance therapy had
      a positive, though transient influence upon the prevalence and density of oral
      candidal carriage, suggesting that the appliance may initiate the carrier state.

PMID- 3859497
TI  - Effects of the degree of overbite and overjet on dental health.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to examine whether any combination of vertical
      overbite (OB) and horizontal overjet (OJ) may be more favourable than others to
      dental health in anterior segments. The study group consisted of 74 females and
      70 males. The participants were 15-years-old and had 6 anterior teeth in both
      jaws. The following parameters were assessed: plaque index, gingival index,
      probing depth, space index, filled surfaces, the number of non-aligned proximal
      tooth surfaces (NONAS) and the OB/OJ ratio. The results demonstrated that
      participants with a relatively high OB/OJ ratio (OB/OJ greater than or equal to
      1.21) had a more favourable periodontal condition than participants with lower
      ratios. This was so in both sexes and both jaws. The OB/OJ ratio had little
      relation to the prevalence of filled surfaces.

PMID- 3859498
TI  - Root resorption leading to linkage of dentinal collagen and gingival fibers? A
      case report.
AB  - A maxillary central incisor in a 55-year-old Caucasian female was extracted in
      modified block as part of a histologic study of gingival responses to subgingival
      crown placement. The facial portion of this block showed preclinical pocket depth
      of 1.0 mm with moderate gingival inflammation. The block was extracted 2 weeks
      after crown placement and prepared for histologic evaluation. Histologic
      responses to subgingival crown placement were, among others: gingival recession
      (1.0 mm), reformation of crevicular depth (0.7 mm) and remodelling of the
      gingival and periodontal attachment apparatus. Histologic evaluations of the
      gingival unit using cellular and connective tissue stains revealed an area of
      root resorption immediately apical to the junctional epithelium at a portion of
      the facial surface. Root resorption had progressed into dentin. Gingival
      connective tissue abutted the dentinal surface. Collagen stains showed the
      presence of tufts of collagen fibrils which appeared to arise from the dentin.
      These fibrillar elements seemed to splice with collagen fibrils found in the
      gingival connective tissue. The specimen thus suggests the possibility of a fiber
      linkage attachment involving exposed dentinal fibers as part of gingival repair
      following injury.

PMID- 3859499
TI  - Loss of attachment adjacent to class II carious lesions.
AB  - The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between large open
      class II carious lesions and loss of periodontal attachment in 224 extracted
      teeth. Each tooth had a carious and a sound approximal surface. The teeth were
      divided into 4 groups: upper premolars, upper molars, lower premolars and lower
      molars each consisting of 56 teeth. Within each group, the carious lesions were
      divided equally between the mesial and distal surfaces. The teeth were stained
      and loss of attachment was measured under a stereomicroscope fitted with an
      ocularmicrometer. The difference in loss of attachment between carious (0.79 +/-
      0.05 mm) and sound (0.76 +/- 0.04 mm) surfaces was not statistically significant.
      Loss of attachment was greater on the carious surface of 98 teeth, equal to in 40
      teeth and less in 86 teeth than the sound surface. Mesial and distal surfaces
      with and without carious lesions exhibited essentially the same degree of loss of
      periodontal support. Upper molars and lower premolars tended towards more loss of
      attachment when compared with upper premolars and lower molars. The results
      indicate that large open class II carious lesions cannot be regarded as an
      important factor in the progression of attachment loss.

PMID- 3859501
TI  - Grover's disease treated with isotretinoin. Report of four cases.
AB  - Grover's disease (transient acantholytic dermatosis; TAD), a disorder of unknown
      etiology, may resemble Darier's disease and frequently resists conventional
      therapies. The lesions can be extensive and pruritus can be a prominent feature.
      Four patients with Grover's disease were treated with isotretinoin. Three
      patients with relatively acute disease responded with remissions of up to 10
      months after treatment. One patient with disease of 8 months' duration obtained
      partial relief but experienced a relapse when medication was stopped.

PMID- 3859500
TI  - Increased plasma chemoattractant in Sweet's syndrome.
AB  - The neutrophil function and plasma leukotactic activity of a patient with Sweet's
      syndrome and cystonodular acne were evaluated during a 2 1/2-year period. These
      studies demonstrated that chemotaxis was frequently slightly increased,
      especially during an exacerbation of Sweet's syndrome, but showed some decrease
      during isotretinoin therapy. Other functions, such as phagocytosis, metabolic
      activation, and bacterial killing, also were slightly increased. In addition, the
      patient's serum contained a heat-stable, nonlipid chemoattractant that was
      present at all times except during a course of isotretinoin. Although his
      symptoms responded to aspirin, the plasma continued to show this chemoattractant.
      These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that excess chemoattractant in
      Sweet's syndrome attracts neutrophils, which then mediate an inflammatory
      response. In addition, aspirin may be used to control Sweet's syndrome symptoms,
      although it does not suppress the plasma chemoattractant.

PMID- 3859502
TI  - Cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia: an initial outcome study.

PMID- 3859503
TI  - Frequency of accidental intravascular injection of local anesthetics in children.
AB  - Blood was aspirated in 1.7 percent of the cases, 3.1 percent of inferior alveolar
      block cases, and 2.2 percent of the cases where infiltration was used for the
      maxillary molars. It was in children eight to ten years of age that 67.2 percent
      of the positive aspirations occurred, although that age-group composed only 44.5
      percent of the sample.

PMID- 3859504
TI  - Bilateral, asymmetrical, complete oroocular facial clefts and supernumerary teeth
      in a young Chinese female.
AB  - The clefting in this case involved the face and alveolar processes. The
      supernumerary teeth were associated with the clefts and situated mesially of the
      cleft on the left side and distally on the right.

PMID- 3859506
TI  - Voice control: an old technique reexamined.
AB  - The authors suggest the term implicit communication control more nearly describes
      the technique. In addition to the vocal element, the term includes the physical
      expressions of the face and hands.

PMID- 3859505
TI  - Double-rooted maxillary primary canines.
AB  - This paper includes morphological descriptions of bifurcated maxillary primary
      canines. Three major primary canine root types are recognized: A single root
      without trace of a groove, a root with a faint to distinct labial groove, a root
      with a broad and deep labial groove in the apical portion of the root.

PMID- 3859507
TI  - Food nutrient interactions.
AB  - Nutrient interactions are usually of little consequence as long as a well
      balanced diet is consumed. Nutrient interactions can be of greater significance
      when the diet is either deficient or excessive in important nutrients, when long
      term drug therapy or heavy drug or alcohol usage is involved, or during periods
      of increased nutrient requirements.

PMID- 3859508
TI  - The calcium-blood pressure hypothesis: evidence for its validity.

PMID- 3859509
TI  - Incomplete resorption of resorbable zinc oxide root canal fillings in primary
      teeth: report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases in which all of the zinc oxide canal filling did not resorb are
      described. The histories emphasize the importance of careful monitoring of
      treated primary teeth. The cases described were monitored for more than five
      years.

PMID- 3859510
TI  - Dens invaginatus with partial coronal agenesis: report of case.
AB  - This developmental phenomenon may occur in as many as 10 percent of maxillary
      lateral incisor teeth. The case described in this report occurred in a maxillary
      right central incisor which was also inflicted with a partial coronal agenesis.

PMID- 3859511
TI  - The auriculotemporal syndrome: report of case.
AB  - This is a rare and bizarre neurological and vascular response to disease or
      trauma. The author describes the theory of its etiology. In these cases, the
      injury always occurs in the region of the parotid gland.

PMID- 3859513
TI  - Symposium on oral health status in the United States. Las Vegas, Nevada, March
      16, 1985.

PMID- 3859512
TI  - Primary talon cusp.
AB  - Talon cusps are seen most frequently on maxillary incisors. Only recently have
      reports of talon cusps on primary teeth appeared. This was a case involving a
      primary maxillary lateral incisor.

PMID- 3859514
TI  - Oral health status in the United States: prevalence of dental caries.

PMID- 3859515
TI  - Oral health status in the United States: prevalence of inflammatory periodontal
      diseases.

PMID- 3859516
TI  - Oral health status in the United States: oral cancer and soft tissue lesions.

PMID- 3859517
TI  - Oral health status in the United States: prevalence of malocclusion.

PMID- 3859518
TI  - Oral health status in the United States: temporomandibular disorders.

PMID- 3859519
TI  - Seasonal variations in AADSAS applicants.

PMID- 3859520
TI  - Teeth: design and function.

PMID- 3859521
TI  - Eating for fitness.

PMID- 3859522
TI  - Preventing oral cancer.

PMID- 3859523
TI  - Treating dental problems.

PMID- 3859524
TI  - Overcoming dental anxiety.

PMID- 3859525
TI  - Radiographic examinations: a window on your health.

PMID- 3859526
TI  - Temporomandibular joint disorders: a dental problem in disguise.

PMID- 3859527
TI  - Take charge of your dental health.

PMID- 3859528
TI  - Choosing a dentist.

PMID- 3859529
TI  - Understanding dental insurance.

PMID- 3859530
TI  - Dentistry in the future.

PMID- 3859531
TI  - The debate goes on.

PMID- 3859532
TI  - AHA recommendations.

PMID- 3859533
TI  - Conscious sedation and the public.

PMID- 3859534
TI  - Hepatitis vaccine.

PMID- 3859535
TI  - MPD syndrome: generic or specific?

PMID- 3859536
TI  - The Scandinavian dilemma.

PMID- 3859537
TI  - Dentista moderna.

PMID- 3859538
TI  - ADOSI. The inside story. ADA's entry into the computer systems market.

PMID- 3859539
TI  - Etiology of chronic periodontal disease: an alternative perspective.

PMID- 3859540
TI  - Dental education in Sweden: cultural perspective, structure, and issues.

PMID- 3859541
TI  - Does more generous dental insurance coverage improve oral health?

PMID- 3859542
TI  - Informed consent in dentistry.
AB  - This article discusses the doctrine of informed consent and its impact on the
      practice of dentistry. It summarizes relevant case and statutes, and stresses the
      uncertainty that prevails in this area of the law. A procedure is set forth for
      dentists to follow on an everyday basis that will assist them in the event that
      they become involved in litigation based on allegations of uninformed consent.

PMID- 3859543
TI  - Supernumerary mandibular premolars: report of cases.
AB  - Six cases, totaling seven supernumerary mandibular premolars, were seen in a
      sample population of 4,000 patient records. Four were from a suburban private
      practice sample of 2,000, the others from a similar group randomly drawn from an
      urban dental school. Five of seven appeared on the left side, six of seven were
      impacted or erupted ectopically. Only one patient was female. Four were of
      Spanish or Hispanic descent, one was white and one was black. The only other
      supernumerary teeth seen in the population sampled were two paramolars and one
      mesiodens. The recommended course of treatment is extraction of the supernumerary
      teeth, unless they may be useful for orthodontic purposes or if the surgery would
      be unjustifiably hazardous to adjacent structures. Complications could result in
      resorption of other teeth, malocclusion, and possible cystic degeneration and
      ameloblastoma formation.

PMID- 3859544
TI  - A study of the relationship between mouthwash use and oral and pharyngeal cancer.
AB  - As part of a larger case control study on a male veteran population at risk
      (drinking and smoking) for oral and pharyngeal cancer, 95 cases and 913 controls
      provided complete histories in a questionnaire that included data on mouthwash
      use. Analysis revealed no significant differences in the frequency of mouthwash
      users in cancer cases versus controls. In addition, no significant differences
      could be found between users and nonusers of mouthwash in relation to age or
      smoking and drinking habits. When a logistic regression analysis was performed to
      simultaneously remove the effects of age, or smoking and drinking habits, while
      controlling for all other factors, oral and pharyngeal cancer did not appear
      related to mouthwash use. In this study there is no evidence that mouthwash is a
      risk factor in the development of oral and pharyngeal cancer in males.

PMID- 3859545
TI  - Dentists' management of patients' fear and anxiety.
AB  - Dentists participating in a health screening at the 1983 ADA annual session were
      asked to complete a brief questionnaire concerning their attitudes and methods of
      managing anxious patients. Most dentists see patient fear as an extremely
      important dimension of their practice and believe it to be the most important
      impediment to patient satisfaction. Behavioral methods such as "talking" appear
      to be the most frequently used methods of dealing with fearful patients. Finally,
      most dentists appear to learn their behavioral management methods through
      informal means.

PMID- 3859546
TI  - Multiple, painful vesiculoulcerative lesions in the oral mucosa.
AB  - An example of pemphigus vulgaris with initial clinical manifestations confined to
      the mouth has been presented. Clinicians must recognize this serious disease and
      understand that probably more than half of the patients with pemphigus vulgaris
      will first experience oral lesions, and almost all will, at some time, have oral
      vesiculoulcerative lesions.

PMID- 3859547
TI  - Clinical evaluation of a composite resin in primary molars.

PMID- 3859548
TI  - Breaking the silence on hypertension: a dental perspective. Council on Dental
      Health and Health Planning Bureau of Health Education and Audiovisual Services.

PMID- 3859549
TI  - Neural and environmental influences on neoplasia and conditioning of NK activity.
AB  - The effects of physical restraint and poly I:C treatment on the growth of MOPC
      104E myeloma and murine osteosarcoma and survival of animals bearing such tumors
      were investigated. Our studies show that in the Balb/c mice with MOPC 104E
      myeloma the effects of restraint stress were detrimental and lead to early death
      of the mice. When the restraint was combined with poly I:C, during the early
      course of the disease, restraint stress neutralized the beneficial effects of the
      poly I:C treatment. These studies show that under certain circumstances,
      restraint stress can negate the effects of therapy. On the other hand, restraint
      stress produced an opposite effect in C3H/He mice with murine osteosarcoma tumor
      treated in the same fashion. In mice with osteosarcoma, restraint stress delayed
      tumor growth and increased the median survival time. When restraint stress was
      combined with poly I:C treatment, the mean tumor size was smaller and median
      survival was substantially increased over the control group. Because poly I:C
      therapy delayed tumor growth and increased survival in both models, efforts to
      strengthen this response were tested by conditioning. Our studies show the
      response to poly I:C as measured by elevation of the NK activity could be
      conditioned with camphor smell. Conditioning of the host to raise immune activity
      to alter the outcome of disease is a new area yet to be explored and has
      important clinical significance. These studies, we believe, are important because
      they explore the connection between mind and body and resistance to disease.

PMID- 3859550
TI  - Selection of monoclonal antibodies detecting serodiagnostic human tumor markers.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were selected for specific binding to spent media of
      cultured tumor cells. Out of more than 12,000 hybridomas screened, 19 were
      selected in preliminary inhibition assays for secretion of MAbs which detected
      antigens in cancer patients' sera. Antibody CO 29.11, which was studied in
      detail, bound to an antigen shed and expressed by adenocarcinoma cells of colon,
      stomach, pancreas and urinary bladder. CO 29.11 bound to purified sialylated
      Lewis a (Lea) antigen but to a different epitope and with a higher binding
      affinity than the MAb CA 19-9. CO 29.11 but not CA 19-9 bound weakly to
      unsialylated Lea antigen. In double-determinant radioimmunoassay with sera of
      patients with colorectal carcinoma, CO 29.11 was found to be a more sensitive
      marker than CA 19-9 for the detection in serum of sialylated Lea antigen.

PMID- 3859551
TI  - Thermochemotherapy for malignant melanoma: overcoming heterogeneity in drug
      sensitivity.
AB  - Endo B (melanotic) and W (amelanotic) human malignant melanomas originated from
      the same tumor, both known to be heterogeneous in drug sensitivity to ACNU [( 1
      (4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitroso- urea
      hydrochloride]), were treated experimentally with a combination therapy of ACNU
      and hyperthermia in mice. Whereas Endo W melanoma has no sensitivity, Endo B
      melanoma is sensitive to ACNU alone. However, in both types of melanomas, a
      marked synergistic effect of the combination therapy was noted. Histologically,
      marked degeneration of both tumor cells was detected. These results strongly
      suggest that thermochemotherapy may overcome the tumor heterogeneity in drug
      sensitivity.

PMID- 3859552
TI  - Effect of ultraviolet irradiation on mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice.
AB  - The effect of UV irradiation on the skin was investigated in (WB-W/+) X (C57BL/6J
      Wv/+)F1-W/Wv mice, which are genetically deficient in tissue mast cells. Their
      congenic littermates (+/+) and normal albino mice (ICR or BALB/c) were used as
      controls. Mice were irradiated with 500 mJ/cm2 of UVB and the increment of ear
      thickness was measured before and 6, 12, and 24 h after irradiation. Ear swelling
      in W/Wv mice at 12 and 24 h after irradiation was significantly smaller than that
      in +/+ and ICR mice. In contrast, the number of sunburn cells formed 24 h after
      UVB irradiation (200 or 500 mJ/cm2) was similar in W/Wv, +/+ and ICR mice. On the
      other hand, when mice were treated with 8-methoxy-psoralen (0.5%) plus UVA
      irradiation (4 J/cm2) (topical PUVA), ears of W/Wv and BALB/c mice, which were
      both white in color, were thickened similarly 72 h after treatment, but less
      swelling was observed in +/+ mice, which were black in skin color. The amount of
      prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) in ears, determined by radioimmunoassay specific for
      PGD2, was elevated 3-fold in +/+ and ICR mice at 3 h after irradiation with 500
      mJ/cm2 of UVB in comparison with basal level without irradiation. However, such
      elevation was not observed in W/Wv mice. These results suggest that mast cells
      play an important role in UVB-induced inflammation, and PGs from mast cells are
      responsible at least in part for the development of this reaction. However,
      neither mast cells nor PGs contribute to the sunburn cell formation and ear
      swelling response by PUVA treatment.

PMID- 3859553
TI  - [Current concepts in removable appliance therapy for Angle Class II
      malocclusion].

PMID- 3859554
TI  - [Changes of labial and lingual pressures on the central incisors following
      correction of anterior cross bite].

PMID- 3859555
TI  - [Ultrastructure of capillaries in the periodontal ligament of monkeys].

PMID- 3859556
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy studies on cleft lip in embryonic stages in the
      mouse].

PMID- 3859557
TI  - [Application of a maxillary forward-traction device in skeletal Class III
      malocclusion].

PMID- 3859558
TI  - [Removable inter-maxillary fixation devices used after surgical correction in
      orthodontic cases].

PMID- 3859559
TI  - [Dental arches: their shapes, forms, and description. 2. Forms of dental arches].

PMID- 3859560
TI  - [Effect of mandibular retraction forces on the growth of the rat mandible].

PMID- 3859561
TI  - [P-A cephalometric study of the dento-cranio-facial morphology of unilateral
      cleft lip and palate patients with reversed occlusions].

PMID- 3859562
TI  - [3-dimensional measurement of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment using a
      shape measuring device on dental casts].

PMID- 3859564
TI  - [Theoretical analysis of the movement of the molar in extraoral anchorage].

PMID- 3859563
TI  - [Electromyographic study on the pattern of masticatory muscle activity following
      surgical correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion].

PMID- 3859565
TI  - [A histological study on osteosarcoma. Part II: The mode of local extension of
      osteosarcoma].
AB  - The survival rate of patient with osteosarcoma has been increasing, owing to the
      development of adjuvant chemotherapy. Recently, the limb saving procedure in
      osteosarcoma has been attempted in many countries. Although we need knowledge
      about the mode of local extension of osteosarcoma in the planning of this
      surgery, there are few reports concerning the matter. The purpose of this paper
      is to make clear, morphologically, how tumor tissue extends across the epiphyseal
      plate, periosteum and bone marrow. The materials were 26 amputated extremities of
      osteosarcoma which had not received any chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Paraffin
      embedded macrosections were prepared and stained with HE and Masson stain. When
      epiphyseal plate was open or closing, 13 out of 14 cases (93%) showed
      transphyseal extension of tumor. Tumor extension along the vessels at the center
      of the plate and the epiphyseal artery was most common. Transmedullary extension
      showed three different types, infiltrative type (18 cases), lobular type (5
      cases), and "skip" type (one case). None had capsule or pseudocapsule surrounding
      the tumor. As to the relationship between periosteal reaction and tumor
      involvement of cortex or medulla, periosteal reaction was located more proximally
      than cortical or medullary involvement in some cases. In other cases, however,
      cortical or medullary involvement was located more proximally than periosteal
      reaction. The gaps between the tips of the periosteal reaction and cortical or
      medullary involvement ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 cm. In the transperiosteal
      extension, it was confirmed that tumor cells had invaded the periosteum along the
      vessels penetrating the periosteum.

PMID- 3859566
TI  - [A clinical study of trigeminal neuralgia--a comparative evaluation of various
      treatment modalities].

PMID- 3859567
TI  - [X-ray diffraction analysis of dental amalgams].

PMID- 3859568
TI  - [Cysts and tumors in the oral cavity and adjacent structures].

PMID- 3859569
TI  - [Effect on dentin mineralization following 5-fluorouracil administration in the
      rat. Fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy studies].

PMID- 3859571
TI  - Quinsy: a bilateral presentation.
AB  - Bilateral peritonsillar abscesses are rare and often not diagnosed until
      tonsillectomy. As the condition may create diagnostic problems and serious
      complications, a case history is presented. The importance of rapid
      otorhinolaryngological examination and treatment is stressed.

PMID- 3859570
TI  - [An histologic study of the effect of fibronectin on fibrin linkage and
      epithelial migration].

PMID- 3859572
TI  - [Effect of heat treatment on the levels of dimethylamine trimethylamine and
      trimethylamine-N-oxide in squids].

PMID- 3859573
TI  - Latex agglutination cryptococcal antigen test in cryptococcal meningitis.

PMID- 3859574
TI  - Functional significance of coronary collateral circulation.

PMID- 3859575
TI  - [Studies on human body responses to noise. Part III. An experimental study on
      responses of breathing rate, heart rate and blood pressure in 3 age groups].

PMID- 3859576
TI  - Shoe contact dermatitis.

PMID- 3859577
TI  - Hyperthyroidism and Evans' syndrome. A case report.

PMID- 3859578
TI  - Levamisole-induced hypersensitivity. A report of 2 cases.

PMID- 3859579
TI  - [A case report of depressed skull fracture of the newborn treated with a vacuum
      extractor].

PMID- 3859580
TI  - Chronic pain review. A suspiciously well patient.

PMID- 3859581
TI  - Affective disturbance in eating disorders.
AB  - Thirty-three bulimic and 14 restrictive anorexics were compared on DSM-III
      diagnoses of affective and anxiety disorders, observer-rated and self-rated
      measures of depression and anxiety, and family history. A subgroup of 18 eating
      disorder subjects was administered the dexamethasone suppression test. The same
      18 subjects were compared to 13 subjects with affective disorder on the Schedule
      for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. It was found that a large group with
      bulimia and restrictive anorexia nervosa was subject to a depressive disorder.
      Thirty-eight percent of the sample fulfilled criteria for a major depressive
      episode. The dysphoric experience seemed as intense in the bulimic and restricter
      group. There was a high incidence of dexamethasone nonsuppression (55%), which
      was found to be related to various measures of depression. Bulimics and
      restricters differed in their family history of affective disorder. While 61% of
      bulimics had a positive history of depression, this was found in only 23% of
      restricters (p less than .03).

PMID- 3859582
TI  - Tonic, phasic and cortical arousal in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.
AB  - This study explored the hypothesis that Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome involves
      a disturbance in arousal modulation. The experimental group consisted of 20
      unmedicated subjects with the Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, and the control
      group of 20 subjects with chronic medical illnesses (haemophilia, von
      Willebrandt's disease and diabetes). There were differences between groups in the
      manner in which log conductance level changed over time during sound and light
      habituation experiments involving mild levels of stimulation with the Gilles de
      la Tourette group showing less change in arousal level over trials than the
      control group. No group differences were found in measures of phasic arousal,
      rate of spontaneous fluctuations and performance on two tasks that have been
      related to cortical arousal. It is suggested that the slower change in log
      conductance level in the Gilles de la Tourette group during the sound and light
      habituation experiments indicates that reticular activity is more persistent in
      these patients.

PMID- 3859583
TI  - Cancer prevention.

PMID- 3859584
TI  - Inhibition of phorbol ester--induced human epidermal ornithine decarboxylase
      activity by oral compounds: a possible role in human chemoprevention studies.
AB  - Extensive animal data have suggested that, in some systems, the induction of
      ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is an essential, although not sufficient, aspect of
      tumor promotion and that compounds that inhibit ODC can inhibit tumor formation.
      Using fasting human volunteers, we report that human epidermal and dermal ODC are
      consistently induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
      (TPA) in a manner similar to that seen in mouse skin. There is a marked
      intersubject variation in TPA-induced epidermal ODC activity levels. Orally
      administered compounds significantly inhibited TPA-caused human epidermal ODC
      induction. These data may be useful in the further development of drugs, doses,
      and dose schedules for use in human cancer chemoprevention studies.

PMID- 3859585
TI  - Etoposide (VP-16) with prednisone and vincristine for the treatment of refractory
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Fifty children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in first to fifth relapse
      were treated with a three-drug reinduction regimen consisting of prednisone (40
      mg/m2/d for seven days), vincristine (1.5 mg/m2 on day 1) and etoposide (VP-16,
      250 mg/m2 on days 1 through 3). The intent was to assess the efficacy of VP-16 in
      an otherwise conventional reinduction plan, especially in patients who had
      previously received teniposide (VM-26), the close congener of VP-16. Among the 46
      patients who received at least two courses of the therapy, 16 (0.34) achieved
      complete remission. Seven others showed improvement in their bone marrow status.
      Each child had been heavily pretreated with prednisone and vincristine, and 14
      had received VM-26. That seven patients judged to be clinically resistant to VM
      26 had complete responses to prednisone-vincristine-VP-16 indicates that prior
      treatment with one podophyllotoxin derivative does not preclude responses to the
      other. We are uncertain about the pharmacologic basis of these results but
      suggest that the increased dosage and more frequent administration of VP-16,
      relative to that of VM-26, was sufficient to overcome apparent resistance to the
      latter compound. Remission durations ranged from one to eight months (median,
      four months), emphasizing the need to devise more effective continuation therapy,
      including investigational agents such as the epipodophyllotoxins.

PMID- 3859586
TI  - A characteristic pattern of leukemic cell differentiation without cytoreduction
      during remission induction in acute promyelocytic leukemia.
AB  - While differentiation of leukemic cells in vitro is well established, the role of
      differentiation in vivo is not defined and is generally attributed to
      differentiation inducers. In five patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia
      (APL) an unusual pattern of a slow and progressive decrease of immature blasts
      with a concomitant increase in mature cellular elements was observed following
      intensive combination chemotherapy. All patients eventually achieved complete
      remission, four of them without an intermediate phase of marrow hypoplasia. This
      morphologic pattern of response suggests that leukemic cellular differentiation
      rather than cytotoxicity was one mechanism involved in remission induction.
      Cytogenetic studies of remission revealed disappearance of the cytogenetic
      marker, the balanced translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 15 and
      17. This remission induction process appears to be due to the cellular biologic
      characteristic rather than the therapy used as it occurs in a substantial
      proportion of patients with APL. It should be considered for optimal diagnostic
      and therapeutic decisions.

PMID- 3859588
TI  - Developmental changes in tissue distribution of gallium-67 citrate.
AB  - The developmental changes in the biodistribution of [67Ga]citrate were studied in
      rats. The uptake of 67Ga in many tissues changed clearly with age and the
      fluctuation pattern was characteristic in each tissue. The uptake in heart and
      bone decreased, but increased in epiphysis with development. In liver, a
      transient increase in 67Ga accumulation appeared in the course of growth. These
      changes in 67Ga uptake in tissues were in good agreement with the developmental
      changes in the levels of nucleotides or protein synthesis that have been found by
      a large number of studies. These results suggest the existence of a close
      relationship between 67Ga accumulation and the growth rate of tissues.

PMID- 3859587
TI  - A prospective randomized comparison of epirubicin and doxorubicin in patients
      with advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Fifty-four patients with advanced breast cancer who had failed prior non
      anthracycline combination chemotherapy were randomized to treatment with either
      epirubicin 85 mg/m2 or doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 intravenously every three weeks. Of
      52 evaluable patients, 25% (six of 24) treated with epirubicin, and 25% (seven of
      28) treated with doxorubicin experienced major therapeutic responses. The median
      duration of response to epirubicin was 11.9 months compared to 7.1 months with
      doxorubicin. Cardiotoxicity was monitored by serial multigated radionuclide
      cineangiocardiography performed at rest and after exercise. Laboratory evidence
      of cardiotoxicity was defined as a decrease in resting left ventricular ejection
      fraction of greater than 10% from the baseline value, or a decrease of 5% or
      greater with exercise compared with the resting study performed on the same day.
      Fifteen patients treated with epirubicin and 18 patients treated with doxorubicin
      had at least two determinations of left ventricular ejection fraction and were
      evaluable for laboratory cardiotoxicity. Using methods of survival analysis, the
      median doses to the development of laboratory cardiotoxicity were estimated to be
      935 mg/m2 of epirubicin and 468 mg/m2 of doxorubicin. Four patients treated with
      epirubicin and five treated with doxorubicin developed symptomatic congestive
      heart failure. The median cumulative dose at which congestive heart failure
      occurred was 1,134 mg/m2 of epirubicin compared with 492 mg/m2 of doxorubicin.
      Fewer episodes of nausea and vomiting were observed in patients receiving
      epirubicin. Epirubicin is a new anthracycline with reduced cardiac toxicity, but
      preserved efficacy in the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 3859589
TI  - Hydrogen sulfide and the probabilities of 'inhalation' through a tympanic
      membrane defect.
AB  - We conclude that workers with tympanic membrane defects (perforated eardrums)
      should not be excluded from working in atmospheres containing concentrations of
      hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Several existing requirements and recommendations exclude
      workers with perforated eardrums from working in or around H2S. Such protective
      measures stem from the belief that H2S can enter the body through the perforation
      in sufficient measure to compromise the wearer's respiratory protection. However,
      based on calculations of anticipated leakage of H2S for a variety of eustachian
      tube conditions and in the absence of either medical literature or personal
      reports documenting H2S poisoning due to eardrum perforation, the recommendation
      for excluding workers with such a condition from working in or around H2S is not
      supported. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the eustachian tube are
      discussed, including the effects such devices as tympanomaxillary shunts might
      have on contaminant leakage. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and
      Health (NIOSH) criteria for respirator tests and sources of respirator leakage
      are examined and NIOSH recommendations for respiratory protection against H2S are
      outlined.

PMID- 3859590
TI  - Condylar position after mandibular advancement.

PMID- 3859591
TI  - Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint: a light microscopic and scanning
      electron microscopic study of the articular cartilage of the mandibular condyle.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the organization of collagen fibrils and
      the histopathologic alterations as well as the morphologic aspects of
      osteoarthritic articular cartilage of the human mandibular condyle. Nine
      osteoarthritic condyles, three obtained at necropsy and the other six during
      surgery, were examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
      Light microscopic observations revealed features of progressive and regressive
      remodeling and the presence of clefts. Scanning electron microscopic observations
      showed the presence of thick, coiled fibrils at the joint surface and numerous
      osmiophilic lipid globules scattered between the collagen fibrils. The collagen
      fibrils were disordered. It was concluded that collagen fiber network
      disintegration and fatty degeneration comprise the osteoarthritic changes of the
      articular cartilage of the human mandibular condyle.

PMID- 3859592
TI  - Radiographic appearance and population distribution of the pneumatized articular
      eminence of the temporal bone.
AB  - The pneumatized articular eminence of the temporal bone (PAT) is a cavity similar
      to that seen in the mastoid process that occurs in the zygomatic process of the
      temporal bone. Panoramic radiographs of 1061 dental school patients were reviewed
      to determine the radiographic appearance and population characteristics of this
      finding; PAT was found in 28 patients (2.6%). The mean age of the patients was
      32.5 years; there was no sex predilection and four patients showed this defect
      bilaterally. Two radiographic types of PAT were identified, unilocular and
      multilocular. Panoramic radiography appears to be an efficacious method to
      display the articular eminence for visualization of PAT. Due to the relatively
      common occurrence of PAT and the increasing amount of surgery of the
      temporomandibular joint, visualization of this defect becomes important for the
      clinician planning surgical manipulation of the articular eminence.

PMID- 3859593
TI  - Intraoperative complications of sagittal osteotomy of the mandibular ramus:
      incidence and management.
AB  - The intraoperative complications occurring with 256 sagittal osteotomies operated
      by two different osteotomy designs are presented. Intraoperative complications
      occurred in 8.2% of the cases. Aside from operator experience and skill,
      complications appeared to be related to the osteotomy design and attention to
      detail during the operation.

PMID- 3859594
TI  - Pericoronitis: a reappraisal of its clinical and microbiologic aspects.
AB  - Pericoronitis is an infectious disease of the operculum overlying an erupting or
      semi-impacted tooth. It manifests itself mainly in late adolescence and young
      adulthood and nearly always occurs around the lower third molar. The distinctive
      location, age, clinical picture, and link with predisposing factors warranted a
      reappraisal of pericoronitis and its etiology. Spirochetes and fusobacteria
      proved prevalent at all stages of the disease. The presence of these
      microbacteria may provide a clue as to the late appearance, particular location,
      and singular clinical picture of pericoronitis. The fact that spirochetes and
      fusobacteria are also found in acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and have
      been associated with alveolar osteitis, indicates a possible relationship between
      these disorders and pericoronitis.

PMID- 3859595
TI  - Comparison of meclofenamate sodium with buffered aspirin and placebo in the
      treatment of postsurgical dental pain.
AB  - The efficacy of meclofenamate sodium (Meclomen) at two different doses was
      compared with that of buffered aspirin and placebo in the control of postsurgical
      pain in a double-blind, randomized study of 205 patients. Meclofenamate sodium,
      200 mg, was significantly better than meclofenamate sodium, 100 mg, in some
      efficacy parameters. Both doses of meclofenamate sodium were superior to buffered
      aspirin in most parameters of efficacy, and more effective than placebo in every
      parameter.

PMID- 3859596
TI  - A primate model for producing experimental alveolar cleft defects.
AB  - A simplified surgical technique to create an alveolar cleft defect with oronasal
      communication was developed in 12 female rhesus monkeys. The defects fulfilled
      the following criteria: 1) a bilateral alveolar cleft with a minimal width of 1
      cm; 2) presence of an oronasal communication lined by epithelium; 3) absence of
      any clinical signs of inflammation within the cleft defect area; and 4) presence
      of functional teeth on each side of the created defect.

PMID- 3859597
TI  - Changes in distribution of some crucial elements in masseter myofibers following
      surgically induced trauma.
AB  - Experimentally induced surgical trauma of the masseter muscle in rats led to
      changes in the distribution of some crucial intracellular elements as determined
      by microprobe analysis. Sulfur, phosphorus, and potassium values were lowered
      while sodium and chlorine levels were elevated. These changes were accompanied by
      increased formation of ice crystal artifacts in myofibers. The findings suggest
      that trauma causes alterations in cytoplasmic macromolecules and in the state of
      water in the cells. The method of analysis provides a means for the further
      evaluation of antiinflammatory drugs.

PMID- 3859598
TI  - Case 55: large right mandibular mass.

PMID- 3859599
TI  - Arthrogryposis multiplex complex involving the temporomandibular joint.
AB  - A case of arthrogryposis multiplex complex involving the temporomandibular joints
      is reported. The anatomy and physiopathology of the arthrogrypotic articulation
      are reviewed. The role of biomechanical factors in the development and
      maintenance of joint surfaces is discussed. Treatment modalities are proposed.

PMID- 3859600
TI  - Choriocarcinoma metastatic to the maxillofacial region.

PMID- 3859601
TI  - Metastatic neuroblastoma of the jaws.

PMID- 3859602
TI  - Methyl methacrylate obturation of the pneumatized articular eminence of the
      temporal bone.

PMID- 3859603
TI  - A simplified nasal packing.

PMID- 3859604
TI  - Calcified structures in anterior maxillary cysts.

PMID- 3859605
TI  - Modified technique for external fixation following mandibular resection.

PMID- 3859606
TI  - Morphology of the developing articular disc of the human temporomandibular joint.
AB  - The morphology of the developing articular disc of the temporomandibular joint in
      eight human fetuses, ranging in age from 13 weeks to 17.5 weeks, was studied. The
      shape of the articular disc at the time of initial delineation resembled the
      shape of the adult articular disc, suggesting a predominantly genetic
      determination. Elastin fibers were not demonstrated. The vascularity of the fetal
      articular disc was confined to the anterior and posterior thickened peripheral
      zones, with no evidence of capillaries in the thinner intermediate zone. Lateral
      pterygoid muscle fibers inserted into the medial aspects of the developing
      articular disc.

PMID- 3859607
TI  - Compression osteosynthesis of mandibular fractures: a retrospective study.
AB  - A retrospective study was performed on 35 patients who had a total of 43
      fractures of the mandible that had been treated using bone plates for internal
      fixation. The data suggest that the procedure has a high degree of success and
      low rate of morbidity.

PMID- 3859608
TI  - Variations of total vertical maxillary excess.
AB  - The long-face syndrome is a well-recognized entity, yet the pathogenesis of this
      malformation remains obscure and variations are generally not recognized. Fifty
      lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients who underwent vertical maxillary
      reductions were studied using the architectural and structural analysis of
      Delaire. Several subgroups of vertical maxillary excess that had not been
      recognized previously were identified. The most common dysmorphic type was the
      classically described long-face syndrome; the next most common consisted of
      patients who had short upper lips, normal maxillas, and long faces secondary to
      vertical chin excess. In all, six different variations of vertical maxillary
      excess were identified. Concomitantly, in the majority of cases there was
      associated vertical mandibular chin excess. It is suggested that these variations
      may have differing pathogeneses.

PMID- 3859609
TI  - A retrospective study of 1,521 mandibular fractures.
AB  - A series of 1,521 mandibular fractures are reviewed with respect to age and sex
      distribution, causes, anatomic distribution, and method of treatment. The
      complications encountered are also discussed.

PMID- 3859610
TI  - Vascular penetration following intraligamental injection.
AB  - The potential for inadvertant intravascular injection of a local anesthetic
      solution with the intraligament injection syringe is described. The spread of
      solution is radiographically demonstrated, and precautions during the use of the
      procedure are suggested.

PMID- 3859611
TI  - Bilateral coronoid hyperplasia: report of two cases.

PMID- 3859612
TI  - Development of a keratocyst in the facial soft tissues.
AB  - The clinical signs, diagnosis, and therapy of a keratocyst of the soft tissues in
      a 27-year-old man are described. Part of the keratocyst lining probably grew
      through the bony window after extraoral biopsy or was implanted in the soft
      tissue during the procedure, accounting for the location of the lesion.

PMID- 3859613
TI  - Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis and mixed odontogenic tumors.

PMID- 3859614
TI  - Prilocaine-induced methemoglobinemia in a child with Shwachman syndrome.
AB  - A case of methemoglobinemia after injection of prilocaine in a patient who had
      Shwachman syndrome (Shwachman-Diamond syndrome) is presented. The report
      reinforces the need to be cognizant of dose/weight/mass relationships in patients
      receiving medications capable of oxidizing hemoglobin.

PMID- 3859615
TI  - Verruciform xanthoma of the oral mucosa.
AB  - The verruciform xanthoma is a rather rare lesion that is mostly confined to the
      oral mucosa. The clinical picture may vary considerably. The diagnosis is based
      on the presence of numerous xanthoma cells in the connective tissue papillae. A
      case of verruciform xanthoma in the floor of the mouth in a 45-year-old woman is
      presented. The findings reported in the literature are also discussed.

PMID- 3859616
TI  - Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion associated with
      maxillofacial trauma.

PMID- 3859617
TI  - Adenocarcinoma metastatic to the temporomandibular joint.

PMID- 3859618
TI  - Aggressive ossifying fibroma of the mandible.
AB  - A case of aggressive ossifying fibroma has been presented, and emphasis has been
      placed on the importance of evaluating multiple parameters before a specific
      diagnosis is assigned. The unique histologic appearance of this particular lesion
      demonstrates a close relationship between the aggressive ossifying fibroma and a
      well-differentiated osteogenic sarcoma and advocates the need for more defined
      microscopic criteria to properly identify such lesions as either benign or
      malignant. It is suggested that proper surgical management of the aggressive
      forms of fibro-osseous lesions be dictated by the surgical judgement of the
      operator, in conjunction with what is best for the patient.

PMID- 3859619
TI  - Mandibular metastasis from a primary adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube.
AB  - A case of a metastatic lesion to the mandible from a Fallopian tube carcinoma is
      reported. The presenting symptoms were altered lip sensation and an intraoral
      mass. A previous history of pelvic infection was reported, but later a diagnosis
      of adenocarcinoma of the left Fallopian tube was made. Metastatic spread also
      involved other bones and the liver. No previous case of a metastatic lesion to
      the oral cavity from the Fallopian tubes has been reported.

PMID- 3859620
TI  - Laryngeal incompetence following facial trauma.

PMID- 3859621
TI  - Primary angioleiomyoma of the mandible.

PMID- 3859622
TI  - Monomorphic adenoma of the buccal mucosa.

PMID- 3859623
TI  - Modified Kocher clamp for fragment stabilization after sagittal ramus osteotomy.

PMID- 3859624
TI  - Prevention of tooth decalcification under acrylic splints used in orthognathic
      surgery.

PMID- 3859625
TI  - Association between tooth loss and TMJ dysfunction.
AB  - An analysis of the distribution of tooth losses in 521 subjects having lost one
      to fourteen teeth, disclosed a statistically significant association between the
      loss of maxillary first premolar and the presence of TMJ dysfunction. The
      association was evident on both sides. Maxillary first premolars have earlier
      been shown to contact prematurely on hinge closure more often than the other
      teeth. The loss of other teeth seemed independent of the functional state of the
      stomatognathic system. It is suggested that TMJ dysfunction may predispose to the
      loss of the maxillary first premolar by direct trauma to the tooth and/or by
      speeding up periodontitis.

PMID- 3859626
TI  - Mandibular dysfunction in 10-18 year old school children as related to
      morphological malocclusion.
AB  - An association was sought between certain morphologic characteristics of
      malocclusion--Angle classification, over-bite, over-jet, open-bite, cross-bite
      and crowding--and the presence or absence of three cardinal symptoms of
      mandibular dysfunction--joint sounds, joint sensitivity to palpation and muscle
      sensitivity--in a sample of 369 Israeli school children. In addition, two
      additional independent variables, 'occlusal wear' and 'previous orthodontic
      treatment' were introduced into the statistical analysis. Occlusal wear and
      abnormal overbite were the only factors found to increase significantly the
      presence of dysfunction symptoms.

PMID- 3859627
TI  - The effective minimum cement thickness of zinc phosphate cement for luted non
      precious crowns.
AB  - Non-precious metal crowns were prepared for natural teeth which were ground to a
      taper angle of 5 degrees. The movement of the crowns on teeth during repeated try
      on seating was measured with a micrometer. Increasing the applied load from 2 to
      10 kg resulted in an average crown movement of 63 micron. For most samples this
      movement continued when try-on was repeated. Casting irregularities were found to
      create furrows on some regions of the axial tooth surface during try-on seating.
      The diameter of the ADA specification consistency disk for zinc phosphate cement
      was found to depend strongly on the P:L ratio and the ambient temperature. The
      castings were cemented with zinc phosphate cement of controlled consistency.
      Cementation with a load of 10 kg gave rise to an average crown elevation of 54
      micron and a range of measurements between -8 and 113 micron. The effective
      minimum cement thickness corresponding to this average was calculated to be 4.7
      micron. Small negative values of elevation were attributed to deepening of tooth
      furrows during cementation. An analysis is given of data from the literature,
      relevant to the cement flow and irregularities in cement thickness.

PMID- 3859628
TI  - Diagnostic value of surgical testicular biopsy after therapy for acute
      lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Inasmuch as several cooperative research groups currently require routine
      testicular biopsy in boys with acute lymphocytic leukemia before cessation of
      therapy, we performed bilateral open wedge biopsies in 38 boys aged 4 1/2 to 18
      years, all of whom were completing 3 years of therapy, were apparently in
      complete remission, and had palpably normal testes. Biopsy specimens from two
      other patients were examined during therapy for specific clinical indications.
      Among the 40 patients, one biopsy revealed leukemia bilaterally; 39 patients had
      negative biopsy results, three of whom had overt, biopsy-proved testicular
      relapse 6 weeks to 17 months after normal biopsy. All four patients with
      testicular relapse are in complete remission six to 50 months after testicular
      irradiation. We conclude that random sampling during routine testicular biopsies
      may fail to demonstrate occult leukemia, and that the high rate of complete
      remissions following retrieval therapy after overt testicular relapse makes
      routine biopsies before cessation of therapy unnecessary.

PMID- 3859629
TI  - Plasma prostaglandin F2 alpha and plasma 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2
      alpha levels in women during induction of labor with i.v. infusion of
      prostaglandin F2 alpha in relation to uterine contractions.
AB  - The concentrations of plasma PGF2 alpha and its main metabolite, 13,14-dihydro-15
      keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM) were measured in serial samples of blood collected in 10
      pregnant women at term who were given iv infusions of low doses of PGF2 alpha for
      induction of labor. Six other women served as controls and were given saline
      infusions. Uterine contractions began with a mean latency of 62 min in the PGF2
      alpha infused women, in controls uterine activity remained unchanged. Plasma PGFM
      levels had increased significantly 30 min after PGF2 alpha infusion began, rising
      thereafter in a dose dependent manner. Plasma PGF2 alpha also rose reaching a
      steady state at 2 hours. No significant changes were observed in the controls.
      The 6-h infusion resulted in delivery in 5 of the 10 women, in the 5 others the
      cervical scores increased only by 1.25 points on the average and further
      treatment was needed to achieve delivery, although prostanoid levels rose to
      similar levels in all. The data show that when uterine contractions are induced
      by systemic PGF2 alpha, the levels of PGFM are significantly raised. In
      spontaneous labor uterine contractions begin long before plasma PGFM rises. Thus,
      if endogenous PGF2 alpha generation is involved in the initiation of uterine
      contractions during spontaneous labor, it must be synthetized in the myometrium
      at quantities too low to raise the levels of circulating PGFM.

PMID- 3859630
TI  - The long-term effectiveness of periodontal therapy in a clinical practice.
AB  - A retrospective study was conducted of 620 patients in a periodontal practice
      over the years 1960 to 1982. Various periodontal therapies were assessed by using
      careful office protocols, meticulous record-keeping and well-defined outcome
      criteria. Four treatment outcome categories were used: two representing
      satisfactory outcomes (referred to as "STABLE"), and two unsatisfactory outcomes
      ("UNSTABLE"). The percentages of patients in the STABLE categories following
      different therapies were: (1) nonsurgical treatment, 63.6%; (2) closed curettage,
      73.1%; (3) open curettage, 95.0%; (4) modified Widman flap, 91.6%; (5) full flap
      and osseous surgery, 71.1%. The major conclusions were that the modified Widman
      flap and open curettage were more effective than flap and osseous surgery, and
      much more effective than closed curettage when it was employed as an alternative
      treatment (54.8% STABLE) to the osseous surgery (71.1% STABLE). Thus, moderate
      surgical therapies appear to be at least as effective as ostectomy procedures in
      the treatment of periodontal disease, while nonsurgical and closed curettage
      therapies appear to be less effective.

PMID- 3859631
TI  - Effects of citric acid treatment on pedicle flap coverage of localized recession.
AB  - Citric acid conditioning of denuded roots prior to laterally positioned pedicle
      flap (LPPF) coverage may increase the likelihood of reattachment, but no
      controlled studies to determine the efficacy of the procedure in managing
      naturally occurring defects in humans have been reported. This investigation
      compared the effects of LPPF root coverage with and without citric acid (pH1)
      pretreatment in a group of patients with gingival recession and associated
      denuded roots. Thirty-six patients participated in the study. Eighteen received
      LPPFs without citric acid pretreatment and 18 received LPPFs with citric acid
      pretreatment. Gingival recession and sulcus depth were measured preoperatively
      and 30, 60 and 90 days after the surgical procedure. LPPFs both with and without
      citric acid pretreatment reduced significantly the amount of exposed root, but no
      differences between groups were found. For sulcus depth, the 90-day value for the
      citric acid group was significantly increased over the preoperative level, but no
      other changes were noted. There appears to be no clinical justification for using
      citric acid conditioning as an adjunct to LPPF coverage of denuded roots.

PMID- 3859632
TI  - Measuring and interpreting increases in probing depth and attachment loss.
AB  - Increases in probing depth and attachment level measurements are used by
      clinicians and clinical scientists for assessing the periodontal status and/or
      change in status of patients. Interpretation of these measurements has
      implications with respect to our understanding of periodontal disease, treatment
      of patients and the implementation of clinical investigations. Measurements of
      probing depths and attachment loss were made on 204 teeth in 34 patients. The
      measurements were repeated after short periods of time by different examiners as
      well as the same examiners. Using these data, sensitivities and specificities of
      several potential diagnostic thresholds were calculated. It is concluded that
      observing an increase of probing depth greater than 1 mm serves as a diagnostic
      test with high sensitivity and specificity.

PMID- 3859633
TI  - The colonization and establishment of invading bacteria in periodontium of
      ligature-treated immunosuppressed rats.
AB  - The morphologic features and pattern of bacterial invasion of the periodontal
      tissue in ligature-induced periodontal defects of immunosuppressed rats were
      studied. Silk ligatures were placed circumferentially on the maxillary left
      second molar of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats. The treatment group (14 rats) received
      Cytoxan (75 mg/kg) the day after ligature placement and at Day 4. The control
      group (10 rats) received no medication. All animals were sacrificed on Day 8 and
      the maxillae processed for light and electron microscopy. Only ligated sites in
      immunosuppressed animals exhibited bacterial invasion. Invading bacteria
      consisted of microcolonies of Gram-negative and Gram-positive coccoid cells and
      rods located near the tissue surface. Each microcolony consisted of
      morphologically homogeneous microorganisms. The deeper sites revealed a diffuse
      invasion of Gram-negative rods which appeared morphologically similar. Other
      features associated with invasion were complete destruction of epithelial tissue
      next to the ligature and the lack of inflammatory cells in the gingival region.
      These findings, when compared to those of other reports of tissue penetration by
      bacteria, point to the necessity of differentiating between bacterial invasion of
      gingival tissues, associated with penetration of tissues by proliferating
      bacteria, and bacterial translocation, a situation in which bacteria are
      passively carried into the tissues, for example by mechanical manipulation
      immediately before or during biopsy taking, or possibly during processing for
      histology.

PMID- 3859634
TI  - Microbial interpretation of plaque relative to the diagnosis and treatment of
      periodontal disease.
AB  - It has been suggested that monitoring microbial forms in plaque with the
      microscope may prove useful to the clinician in assessing periodontal status. In
      this regard, the microbial interpretation of plaque relative to the diagnosis and
      treatment of periodontal disease has recently received considerable attention.
      However, questions remain to be answered before the microscope is accepted for
      routine use in the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease. This report
      addresses a number of these questions surrounding the use of the microscope in
      evaluating plaque and its role in the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal
      disease.

PMID- 3859635
TI  - A variation from classic oral manifestations associated with acute myeloblastic
      leukemia. A case report.
AB  - A case representing previously misdiagnosed acute myeloblastic leukemia
      associated with an absence of classical intraoral manifestations is presented.
      Platelet count was less than 15,000, and hematocrit was 20.3, yet clinical signs
      were limited to malaise and extreme gingival and mucosal pallor. The typical
      initial signs of gingival enlargement or hemorrhage never appeared, probably due
      to excellent plaque control by this patient. Mucosal color changes dictated the
      need for laboratory studies leading to a rapid and relatively early diagnosis.

PMID- 3859636
TI  - Effectiveness of a dentifrice containing formalin and sodium monofluorophosphate
      on dental hypersensitivity.
AB  - A double-blind investigation comparing a control dentifrice with one containing
      active ingredients was conducted to determine their effect on dentinal
      hypersensitivity in 67 human subjects. Baseline data was obtained by patient
      questionnaire, dental examination and by soliciting subjective responses to
      controlled mechanical and thermal stimuli. A calcium carbonate-based toothpaste
      constituted the base for both the control and active dentifrice. The active
      dentifrice contained 0.8% sodium monofluorophosphate and 1.3% formalin while the
      control lacked these ingredients. Dentifrices were supplied to patients on a
      random basis, and patients were instructed to brush twice each day for 28 days.
      Mechanical and thermal response as accomplished at baseline were obtained at 14
      and 28 days after baseline on 60 subjects. A statistically significant reduction
      was not obtained in response to mechanical stimulus. The active dentifrice
      demonstrated a statistically significant reduction (P less than 0.05) to thermal
      stimulus at both 14 and 28 days.

PMID- 3859637
TI  - A clinical and histometric study of gingivitis associated with the human
      deciduous dentition.
AB  - This study examined the relationship between clinical indices and the histologic
      parameters associated with the gingiva of the human deciduous dentition. The
      plaque index, gingival swelling and color, probing depth, bleeding on probing,
      contact with adjacent teeth and the degree of root resorption of 58 deciduous
      teeth were recorded. The teeth were extracted with their surrounding gingiva and
      prepared for histologic examination. The area of epithelium and connective tissue
      with and without inflammatory cells was measured as well as the epithelial length
      from the gingival margin including the junctional epithelium. When these
      measurements were grouped according to the values of the clinical indices,
      nonmobile teeth were found to have less epithelium than those with mobility and
      gingiva with a healthy color had a significantly smaller inflammatory cell
      infiltrate than red gingiva. Bleeding and increased probing depth were not
      associated with the other clinical signs of inflammation. The amount of plaque
      did not correlate with the measures of clinical inflammation. The inflammatory
      cell infiltrate was present irrespective of whether the gingiva was clinically
      normal or not and the inflammation did not correlate with the amount of plaque.

PMID- 3859638
TI  - Pressures recorded during periodontal pocket irrigation.
AB  - Pressures arising during periodontal pocket irrigation with 5 ml and 20 ml
      disposable plastic syringes, a peristaltic pump and a Waterpik pulsating
      irrigator were measured with an in-line transducer and recorder in 11 patients.
      Three types of needles were used with each device; disposable 15-gauge straight
      and angled needles and a 15-gauge angled reusable needle. Measurements were made
      with the needle tips just within, and 3 mm into the pocket. With both the 5 ml
      and 20 ml syringes and all needles, pressures of 100- to 500-mm mercury were
      recorded. With the peristaltic pump, pressures of 70- to 340-mm mercury were
      recorded with all needles. The Waterpik apparatus produced pressures of not more
      than 60-mm mercury in all cases.

PMID- 3859639
TI  - The similarity of periodontal microorganisms between husband and wife
      cohabitants. Association or transmission?
AB  - Fourteen married couples were studied to determine the degree of similarity of
      the periodontal subgingival flora between paired contralateral sites and between
      couples. Six sites per person were sampled by a subgingival lavage technique and
      10 darkfield morphotypes enumerated at each site. Cross-arch matching revealed a
      positive association for the presence of medium spirochetes, filaments, large
      motile rods and cocci (P less than 0.05). The odds that medium spirochetes will
      be detected at a subgingival site are elevated 7-fold, if present at the
      contralateral site. Similarly, the odds ratio for filaments was 4.0, 1.3 for
      large motile rods and 1.6 for cocci. Analysis of data, pairing between couples,
      revealed a positive association for medium spirochetes and filaments (P less than
      0.05). No significant associations were found for randomized pairs of couples
      using matched sites as controls. The odds of medium spirochetes being present in
      a patient are 3 times greater if the morphotype is present in the spouse and 30%
      greater for filaments. Although an individual is "at risk" if these morphotypes
      are present in the spouse, analyses failed to demonstrate that the presence of
      any morphotype depends upon, or requires the presence of, that morphotype in the
      spouse.

PMID- 3859640
TI  - Changes of subgingival total colony forming units and black pigmented bacteroides
      after a single irrigation of periodontal pockets with 1.64% SnF2.
AB  - Periodontal pockets of 11 subjects were irrigated once with either 1.64% SnF2 or
      saline applied by syringe. Changes on the total anaerobic colony forming units
      (CFU) and black pigmented bacteroides (BPBs) of the irrigated pockets were
      assessed for 31 days. The results showed little change of the CFUs by either
      single application of SnF2 or saline. However, SnF2 irrigation produced a
      decrease in the BPBs for 1 week with the greatest effect (1/2 log reduction)
      being seen at 3 days after the irrigation. Some subjects had more impressive
      reductions in BPBs, yet four of the 11 subjects showed no reductions in BPBs in
      those sites irrigated with SnF2. Further studies with frequent irrigation
      intervals are necessary to evaluate the potential usefulness of SnF2 for
      subgingival irrigation.

PMID- 3859641
TI  - Peripheral calcifying odontogenic cyst (Gorlin cyst).
AB  - A case report of a rare peripheral calcifying odontogenic cyst is presented. The
      clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features of the lesion are discussed,
      along with the etiology, rate of occurrence and diagnosis.

PMID- 3859642
TI  - Gingival fibromatosis with hypertrichosis. A case report.
AB  - A case of gingival fibromatosis with hypertrichosis is reported in a 3-year-old
      girl. Partial recurrence was observed 6 months after surgical treatment.
      Psychological benefits resulting from the cosmetic improvement may outweigh the
      probability of recurrences in this rare condition.

PMID- 3859643
TI  - [Synthesis of anthraquinones using directed lithiation reaction].

PMID- 3859644
TI  - Hemodynamic roles of thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin E2 in glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Eicosanoid metabolites may play a role in the pathophysiology of nephrotoxic
      serum nephritis (NSN), a model of immune renal disease. Our purpose was to
      determine the relative importance of vasoconstrictor [thromboxane A2 (TX)A2] and
      vasodilator [prostaglandin E2 (PG)E2] eicosanoids as mediators of hemodynamic and
      renal functional changes. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR; inulin clearance), and
      renal plasma flow (RPF; para-aminohippurate clearance/extraction) were measured
      in rats on day 1 and day 14 of NSN. Specific inhibitors of TXA2 synthesis and
      receptor binding, and cyclooxygenase inhibitors were used to determine the
      relative roles of TXA2 and PGE2. In vitro glomerular production of
      radioimmunoassayable PGE2 and TXB2 were measured after clearances. At 1 day GFR
      is decreased compared to control, 1.9 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.6 +/- 0.2 ml/min. RPF is
      numerically increased, 10.0 +/- 1.0 vs. 7.0 +/- 0.6 ml/min. By 14 days GFR is
      normal, 2.2 +/- 0.2 ml/min, as a consequence of significantly increased RPF, 11.7
      +/- 1.0 ml/min. Glomerular production of PGE2 and TXB2 was increased 11- and 15
      fold respectively at both 1 and 14 days. Pretreatment with OKY-1581, or acute
      treatment with UK-38,485, both inhibitors of TXA2 synthesis, had no effect on GFR
      or RPF in NSN rats. Addition of EP 092, a TXA2 receptor antagonist was similarly
      without effect. In contrast, acute treatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitors
      meclofenamate or indomethacin resulted in a 50% decrease in both RPF and GFR;
      these inhibitors had no effect in control rats. We conclude that PGE2
      (vasodilator) is of greater relative significance than TXA2 (vasoconstrictor)
      with respect to renal function in the NSN rat at 1 and 14 days.

PMID- 3859645
TI  - Renal tubular action of prostaglandin E2 on water and electrolyte excretion in
      the nonanesthetized chicken.
AB  - The tubular effects of prostaglandin (PG) E2 on electrolyte and water excretion
      were investigated in vitro in the nonanesthetized chicken by the Sperber
      technique. This technique allowed the administration of PGE2 directly into the
      peritubular space of one kidney by way of the venous portal circulation. When
      compared to the contralateral, noninfused kidney, PGE2 in the infused kidney (0.6
      4.5 X 10(-10) mol/kg X min) induced a dose-dependent increase in urinary flow
      rate, a mild natriuresis and kaliuresis, with a concomitant decrease in urinary
      osmolality and an increase in free-water clearance. These effects occurred
      without changes in renal plasma flow or glomerular filtration rate. PGA2 (1.7-7.8
      X 10(-10) mol/kg X min), another vasodepressor PG, did not modify electrolyte
      excretion. The tubular handling of PGE2 was observed by following the
      administration of [3H]PGE2. [3H] PGE2 was metabolized extensively during its
      renal tubular excretion. The 3H label was secreted actively into the urine by the
      organic anion transport system which was inhibited by novobiocin. Inhibition of
      the organic anion transport system did not modify the renal tubular effects of
      PGE2 on electrolyte and water excretion. These results indicate that PGE2 exerts
      a tubular inhibitory effect on sodium and water excretion, this action being
      located on the peritubular side.

PMID- 3859646
TI  - The use of a laser for debridement of incipient caries.
AB  - The mode-locked YAG laser effectively removes debris and/or stains from incipient
      carious lesions in pits and fissures. Prior investigations inferred that the
      energy levels used in this study would not cause pulpal injury or remove sound
      intact enamel. This would be a desirable step in sealant therapy and could
      provide an improved method of debridement in treating precarious lesions.

PMID- 3859647
TI  - Subpontic osseous proliferation.
AB  - Nine patients, five women and four men, demonstrated bone growth in an edentulous
      region of the posterior mandible covered with a pontic. The reasons for this bone
      growth could include genetic predetermination, functional stresses, and chronic
      irritation. This bone growth has important clinical and basic science
      implications. The condition was seen only in adults, only in the mandibular
      posterior region, and with a variety of pontic designs. Subpontic osseous
      proliferation was documented in nine patients, but no conclusion about the
      etiology was made.

PMID- 3859648
TI  - Spectrophotometric study of the relationship between body porcelain color and
      applied metallic oxide pigments.

PMID- 3859649
TI  - Accuracy of an earpiece face-bow.
AB  - The validity of the Hanau ear-bow to transfer an arbitrary hinge axis to a Hanau
      articulator was clinically compared with a Hanau kinematic face-bow. The study
      was conducted with 18 randomly selected patients. This investigation demonstrated
      a significant statistical difference between the arbitrary axis located with an
      ear-bow and the terminal hinge axis. This discrepancy was significant in the
      anteroposterior direction but not in the superior-inferior direction. Only 50% of
      the arbitrary hinge axes were within a 5 mm radius of the terminal hinge axis,
      while 89% were within a 6 mm radius. Furthermore, the ear-bow method was not
      repeatable statistically. Additional study is needed to determine the practical
      value of the arbitrary face-bow and to pursue modifications to improve its
      accuracy.

PMID- 3859650
TI  - How to promote and maintain good oral health in spite of wearing dentures.
AB  - A frank discussion at the beginning of treatment will inform the patient of what
      is possible in denture fabrication as well as in proper and responsible denture
      care and oral hygiene for the life of the patient. Dentures and mouths need
      examination and care for life. Only by regular visits to the dentist can this be
      accomplished. Dentures seldom change: mouths do. Regular visits allow
      professional evaluation of the oral tissues and the functioning jaw-joint
      mechanism to detect early treatment needs of the tissue and/or the denture. This
      interface must be intimate, vibrant, healthy, clean, and comfortable. To this end
      only, the professional person with a depth of knowledge, total education, keen
      insight to the anatomy, physiology, total body health, and the psyche and its
      interrelations to the inanimate prosthesis can make the denture an integral part
      of the living being. The dentist can keep it that way with the patient's
      cooperation. Dentures can be one of the best replacements of human body parts;
      but professional care and good home care are essential.

PMID- 3859651
TI  - Measuring wear of artificial teeth with stereophotography: Part I.

PMID- 3859652
TI  - A potentiostatic study of the corrosion behavior of anodized and nonanodized
      aluminum alloy.
AB  - The clinical implication of this study is that some improvement in the corrosion
      resistance of denture bases made with aluminum alloy D-214 may be obtained by
      anodization. However, since this study does not exactly duplicate an oral
      environment or take into consideration the variation in oral environments, it
      cannot be assumed that the additional corrosion resistance would be discernible
      in a particular patient.

PMID- 3859653
TI  - Prosthodontic considerations in the management of surgically compromised cleft
      palate patients.
AB  - Prosthodontic habilitation with speech aid prostheses for surgically compromised
      cleft palate patients has been discussed. It can be concluded that surgical
      redivision of the soft palate with removal of the levator veli palatini muscles
      as an aid to construction of a pharyngeal obturator is contraindicated. Surgical
      redivision with removal of the levator muscles prevents subsequent surgical
      procedures and commits the patient to a prosthesis for life. The management of
      nonfunctional pharyngeal flaps, large soft palate perforations, and patients with
      palatopharyngeal insufficiency and/or incompetency secondary to surgical repairs
      was also discussed. If the prosthodontist is routinely consulted in the initial
      treatment planning, alternatives to surgical management might be considered for
      patients with high potential for postsurgical deficiencies.

PMID- 3859654
TI  - Modular mouthstick system.

PMID- 3859655
TI  - Evaluation of arthrographically assisted splint therapy in treatment of TMJ disk
      displacement.
AB  - Eighty-two patients with audible clicking were evaluated and treated with splints
      made by using arthrographic assistance. In the course of this study, it became
      apparent that the later the opening click, the earlier the closing click. It was
      not always possible to auscultate or palpate either an opening or a closing click
      in many patients with arthrographic findings of disk displacement with reduction.
      Since the opening click was the only audible sound in some patients, clinical
      judgment alone cannot be used to replace the displaced disk at an optimal
      mandibular position. The elimination of the opening click does not always signify
      recapture of the disk. Maxillomandibular and incisal relationships limit the
      amount of protrusion possible to recapture the displaced disk.

PMID- 3859656
TI  - Three-dimensional analysis of cusp travel during a nonworking mandibular
      movement.

PMID- 3859657
TI  - Changing concepts in periodontics.

PMID- 3859658
TI  - Bulimia. A conceptual model for group treatment.

PMID- 3859659
TI  - Implications of recent dental health services research on the future of operative
      dentistry.
AB  - Recent dental health services research has shown that restorations often last
      only a few years and has suggested that the compromising nature of some basic
      operative skills is at least partly responsible. Further, gross inconsistencies
      of diagnosis and treatment planning exist among dentists, leading to a
      considerable lack of agreement about when restorative treatment is necessary. In
      the interests of high-quality dental care, some of the long-standing dogma
      concerning restorative dental services and attitudes toward them should be
      questioned. At the public health level, the dental profession should strive to
      find ways of achieving satisfaction with less emphasis upon restoring and re
      restoring teeth so that dentistry will attract the public and remain fully
      relevant to their needs.

PMID- 3859660
TI  - Analysis of the need for training, employment, and specialization in dental
      public health.

PMID- 3859661
TI  - Can dental hygienists affect the periodontal health of the nation? The dental
      hygienist: A primary care provider.

PMID- 3859662
TI  - Can dental hygienists affect the periodontal health of the nation? An assessment
      of the future of dental hygiene.

PMID- 3859663
TI  - The surface-specific caries pattern of participants in a school-based fluoride
      mouthrinsing program with implications for the use of sealants.
AB  - This paper describes the surface-specific changes in the DMFS after seven years
      of a school-based mouthrinsing program occurring in the elementary schools of the
      fluoride-deficient Three Village Central School District, Long Island, New York.
      The effectiveness of mouthrinsing was evaluated annually by comparing the caries
      prevalence of a random sample of participants to that of Three Village elementary
      schoolchildren examined in 1975, prior to the beginning of the program. Because
      sixth-grade children rinsed the longest and had the longest exposure to the
      caries challenge, only sixth-grade children who participated in the program are
      included in the analysis. Overall, they experienced a 50 percent reduction in
      dental caries; the reduction was not uniformly experienced by all surfaces.
      Proximal surface caries showed the greatest rate of change but the least absolute
      change, because the amount of proximal carious lesions was low initially.
      Occlusal surfaces showed the greatest absolute reduction in dental caries,
      whereas buccolingual surfaces had the lowest percentage reduction. The majority
      of the decayed or filled surfaces, 94 percent, involved pits or fissures.
      Therefore, it was concluded that the combined use of sealants and weekly fluoride
      rinsing could produce a virtual elimination of dental decay in elementary
      schoolchildren.

PMID- 3859664
TI  - Weekly rinsing with a fluoride mouthrinse in an unfluoridated community: results
      after seven years.
AB  - In the fall of 1975, 1,915 children in grades K through eight began a school
      based program of supervised weekly rinsing with 0.2 percent aqueous solution of
      sodium fluoride in an unfluoridated community in the Finger Lakes area of upstate
      New York. At baseline and annually thereafter, a random sample of children in
      grades K through 11 received clinical dental caries examinations. The prevalence
      of dental caries by grade at each of the follow-up dental examinations was
      compared to the grade-specific prevalence of dental caries at baseline. Overall,
      there was a decline of 57.8 percent in prevalence of caries in permanent teeth
      after seven years of rinsing. Among children in grades K through five, there was
      a decline of 35.4 percent in the prevalence of caries in primary teeth during the
      same time period. Tenth and eleventh grade children, after not rinsing for one
      and two years, respectively, continued to show the same trend toward lower caries
      prevalence as active rinsers. Caries prevalence among seventh and eighth graders
      after seven years of rinsing was not significantly different from caries
      prevalence among seventh and eighth grade lifetime residents of a nearby
      fluoridated community. A decline in the prevalence of caries in primary teeth
      among kindergartners prior to rinsing suggests that factors in addition to the
      mouthrinse program may have contributed to the decline in caries prevalence.

PMID- 3859665
TI  - Attempted insertion of a recessive autosomal gene into a semi-isolated population
      of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae).

PMID- 3859667
TI  - Hippocrates or David Stockman? The days of complacency are over.

PMID- 3859668
TI  - An approach to identification of cine coronary anatomy.

PMID- 3859666
TI  - Gingival swelling due to metallic foreign body.

PMID- 3859669
TI  - Tumor lysis syndrome in a patient with American Burkitt's lymphoma.

PMID- 3859670
TI  - Threshold attainment--a new medical specialty.

PMID- 3859671
TI  - Suppression of the antibody response by a formamidine pesticide: dependence on
      the route of exposure.
AB  - These studies investigated the effects of exposure to chlordimeform (CDM), a
      formamidine pesticide, on selected in vivo immune parameters in the random bred
      CD-1 mouse. Further studies were done on the effects of this compound on the in
      vitro PFC response in C57BL/6 mice. Acute and 14-d exposure to CDM via the i.p.
      route resulted in a decrease in IgM antibody-forming (plaque-forming) cells (PFC)
      directed at the sheep red blood cell (sRBC) antigen when measured 4 d after i.p.
      immunization. This suppression was seen at doses as low as 20 mg/kg . d for 14 d.
      These same doses of CDM did not result in any alteration of cell-mediated
      immunity as measured by the delayed hypersensitivity response (DHR) to both
      keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and sRBC. Lymphocyte blastogenesis was increased
      in spleen cells from mice exposed to 40 mg/kg . d CDM in response to media alone,
      concanavalin A (Con A), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The in vitro PFC response
      by C57BL/6 mice was utilized to determine if CDM could suppress the antibody
      response due to a direct effect on the immune cells. CDM suppressed the in vitro
      PFC response only at concentrations that were directly cytolytic. A direct
      cytolytic effect was considered unlikely following exposure in the whole animal,
      since the suppression of the antibody response occurred in the absence of any
      effects on spleen cell number or spleen weight. To determine if route of exposure
      was a factor in the suppressive effects of CDM, 14-d studies were conducted
      administering CDM orally at doses up to 120 mg/kg . d. Both the CD-1 and C57BL/6
      mouse were used to verify that a strain difference was not a factor. There was no
      effect on either the d 4 or d 5 antibody response, even though 43% of the mice
      exposed to 120 mg/kg died from the acute toxicity that can characterize this
      chemical. From an operational standpoint, these results indicate that the route
      of exposure of a compound relative to the route of administration of an antigen
      is an important consideration when determining the effects of that compound on an
      immune response. From an environmental standpoint, these results indicate that
      relatively high doses of chlordimeform do not result in consistent immunotoxicity
      as determined by the assays utilized.

PMID- 3859672
TI  - Relationship of changes in obesity to serum lipid and lipoprotein changes in
      childhood and adolescence.
AB  - To assess relationships between increases in triceps skin-fold thickness (TRSF)
      and changes in levels of serum lipids and lipoproteins in early life, a biracial
      sample of 1,598 five to 12 year olds were reexamined five years after an initial
      examination. Significant positive correlations, controlled for age, were observed
      between changes in TRSF and changes in levels of serum total cholesterol, serum
      triglycerides, and low- and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Inverse
      associations between changes in TRSF and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
      were weaker, but also statistically significant. Although females showed the
      largest increases in TRSF, most associations were stronger in males. Increases in
      estimated percentage body fat and ponderal index (kilograms per cubic meter) were
      highly associated with changes in TRSF, but showed slightly different
      associations with the serum lipids and lipoproteins. Results show that increases
      in obesity in youth are accompanied by an increasingly atherogenic lipoprotein
      profile.

PMID- 3859673
TI  - [Effect of superimposed jet oscillation on lung mechanics while using a Servo HFV
      unit].

PMID- 3859674
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies on cefmetazole in the field of internal
      medicine].
AB  - Susceptibilities in various types of clinical isolates to cefmetazole (CMZ) were
      determined by the disk method and the serial agar dilution method for MIC
      measurement. CMZ showed high antibacterial activity for all Gram-positive cocci
      except E. faecalis, and for H. influenzae, E. coli, Klebsiella sp. and Proteus
      sp.. CMZ was administered on 33 patients with infections, mainly biliary tract
      infections, in the field of internal medicine. The clinical efficacy of the drug
      was 86.7% for infections of the biliary tract, 80.0% for respiratory tract
      infections, 100% for urinary tract infections and 76.7% for all cases. There were
      no adverse reaction or changes in laboratory findings caused by CMZ in any of the
      patients.

PMID- 3859675
TI  - [Analogs of prostaglandin-related substances and inhibitors of their formation
      and metabolism. Clinical application: gyneco-obstetrical diseases].

PMID- 3859676
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of a cancer antigen CA 125 associated with ovarian cancer.
      (IV) Serum CA 125 levels through normal menstrual cycle and in benign diseases].

PMID- 3859677
TI  - [Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on biliary excretion of cefotiam in patients with
      percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage].

PMID- 3859678
TI  - [Increased salivary gland uptake of 67Ga-citrate--effect of radiotherapy].

PMID- 3859679
TI  - [Significance of Ga-67-citrate tomographic scan in renal cell carcinoma].

PMID- 3859680
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with acute pancreatitis developing during remission of
      acute lymphocytic leukemia--with special reference to easing of pain].

PMID- 3859681
TI  - [Effect of a 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor (trilostane) on
      Cushing's syndrome].

PMID- 3859682
TI  - Polymorphisms of genetic markers in the red cell antigen, serum protein and red
      cell isoenzyme of the cats.

PMID- 3859683
TI  - A parallel analysis of cancer mortality among atomic bomb survivors and patients
      with ankylosing spondylitis given X-ray therapy.
AB  - Radiation-induced cancer mortality rates among atomic bomb survivors with doses
      of at least 100 rad and patients with ankylosing spondylitis given X-ray therapy
      have been compared for the first time. The estimated average mean bone marrow
      dose for the spondylitics is more than twice that for atomic bomb survivors, and
      yet spondylitics experienced only half the risk of radiation-induced leukemia of
      atomic bomb survivors. For sites that were heavily irradiated in the
      spondylitics, provisional estimates indicate comparable doses in the two studies,
      and similar levels of cancer risk were observed. For these sites, when
      information from the studies was combined, there were statistically significant
      excesses for cancers of the esophagus, stomach, lung, and ovaries, multiple
      myeloma, other lymphomas, and tumors of the spinal cord and nerves. Very high
      relative risks (RR's) for tumors of the spinal cord and nerves were observed in
      both studies. For sites that were lightly irradiated in the spondylitics, in
      addition to previously documented sites, there was a statistically significant
      excess of cancers of the liver and gallbladder among atomic bomb survivors. A
      previous subdivision of cancer sites into radiosensitive and other tissues was
      not supported by the atomic bomb survivor data. Changes in the rates of radiation
      induced cancers with age at exposure and time since exposure were studied and
      compared with the use of generalized linear modeling of the RR's and also by
      examination of the excess mortality rates. The level of agreement between the two
      studies was high; provided it is accepted that the reduced level of leukemia risk
      in the spondylitics is due to cell sterilization, no inconsistencies were found.
      For a group of solid tumors selected from heavily irradiated sites in the
      spondylitics, excess risk increased with both age at exposure and time since
      exposure and RR decreased with age at exposure, but it did not vary with time
      since exposure between about 5 and at least 30 years following exposure. The
      finding of a constant RR with time since exposure did not extend to all remaining
      neoplasms other than leukemia, because the RR for these neoplasms increased with
      time since exposure in atomic bomb survivors.

PMID- 3859684
TI  - Macrophage-mediated natural cytotoxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide-treated Friend
      erythroleukemia cells.
AB  - Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment of the Friend erythroleukemia cell line GM
      979 markedly increased its susceptibility to natural cytotoxicity by splenocytes
      from normal inbred DBA/2 mice. Cytotoxicity occurred with normal adherent spleen
      cells as well as dextran-elicited peritoneal exudate (PE) cells but not with
      resident PE cells. Susceptibility of the leukemia cells to natural cytotoxicity
      increased to maximum levels upon treatment with 210 mM DMSO for 2-3 days. The
      natural cytotoxicity assayed by the 51Cr release procedure was first detectable
      after 9 hours of incubation and reached maximum levels by 24-30 hours. Although
      both DMSO and n-butyric acid induced rapid erythroid cell differentiation of the
      GM 979 cells, and both resulted in increased hemoglobin synthesis, only DMSO
      treatment enhanced the susceptibility of the cells to natural cytotoxicity by
      normal splenocytes. Cell-free supernatants from adherent spleen cells cocultured
      with DMSO-treated GM 979 cells for 6-15 hours were markedly cytotoxic for
      cultures of other chromium-labeled DMSO-treated leukemia cells. Supernatants from
      cultured adherent spleen cells alone, or lysates of DMSO-treated leukemia cells,
      did not possess cytotoxic activity. Resident peritoneal macrophages also had no
      cytotoxic activity against DMSO-treated cells, and culture supernatants from
      resident PE cells, even after incubation with DMSO-treated target cells, failed
      to show significant levels of cytotoxicity. These results indicate that normal
      splenic adherent cells as well as elicited PE cells have the ability to lyse DMSO
      treated leukemia cells.

PMID- 3859685
TI  - Interaction of dietary fat and protein in spontaneous diseases of Syrian golden
      hamsters.
AB  - The influence of interactions between dietary fat and protein on spontaneous
      diseases was investigated in Syrian golden hamsters fed two levels of corn oil
      [4.5 or 18 g/385 kilocalories (kcal)] with each of two levels of casein (9 or 36
      g/385 kcal). The four diets were fed to separate groups in two different
      sequences: 1) Diets were given during weeks 3-7 and followed by control diet (9 g
      corn oil and 18 g casein/385 kcal), or 2) control diet was fed during weeks 3-7,
      and the four diets were fed from week 8 until death. Dietary interactions of fat
      and protein modified spontaneous degenerative, inflammatory, and proliferative
      diseases in hamsters. For example, amyloidosis in the liver, kidneys, spleen, and
      adrenal glands was reduced in females by feeding high-fat-high-protein (HF-HP)
      diet in comparison with low-fat-high-protein (LF-HP) diet during weeks 3-7 or by
      feeding LP diets at either fat level after 8 weeks. The incidence of hepatic
      abscess was highest in males consuming HP diet at either fat level after 8 weeks,
      and hepatic necrosis was observed most often in hamsters fed HF-HP diet after 8
      weeks. Gastric and renal vascular calcification and nephrocalcinosis incidences
      were reduced by 50-100% in hamsters fed HF-HP diet after 8 weeks, and HF diet fed
      at this time reduced vascular calcification in the heart in both sexes and in the
      lungs in males. Inflammation was generally influenced similarly by diets fed
      either during weeks 3-7 or after 8 weeks. In the prostate gland, inflammation was
      observed most frequently in males fed HF-LP diet; however, in the vagina
      inflammation was elevated in females fed HF-HP diet and found in the gallbladder
      more commonly in hamsters fed HF-HP than in those given LF-HP. The incidence of
      colitis was decreased by giving HF-LP diet during weeks 3-7 or LF-LP diets after
      week 8. The incidence of gastric ulcer was high in males fed HF diets during
      weeks 3-7, and intestinal ulcers were high in those fed LF-LP at this time. The
      adrenal hyperplasia incidence was highest in males given HF-HP diet before or
      after 8 weeks and in females given this diet after 8 weeks. Similarly, ovarian
      and hepatic ductal hyperplasia was highest in females fed HF-HP diet after 8
      weeks, and gastric and intestinal hyperplasia increased with the rise in fat at
      both protein levels in both sexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3859686
TI  - Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene on the nasal mucosa of Syrian hamsters: comparison
      to metabolism by other extrahepatic tissues and possible role of nasally produced
      metabolites in carcinogenesis.
AB  - The formation of metabolites of nasally instilled benzo[a]pyrene [(BP) CAS: 50-32
      8] was determined. The study was prompted by a report that a high incidence of
      tumors occurred in tissues of the upper respiratory and alimentary tracts of
      Syrian hamsters exposed to BP aerosols. The esophagi of anesthetized hamsters
      were surgically catheterized so that radiolabeled material instilled as BP in the
      nose could be collected and analyzed for metabolites. About 50% of the instilled
      BP was metabolized in the nose and, potentially, would have been swallowed in an
      awake animal. In auxiliary experiments, homogenates of respiratory and alimentary
      tissues were tested for metabolic activity for BP. The nose, trachea, and lungs
      had about equally high activities on a per organ basis (5-7 nmol/hr), whereas all
      other tissues had considerably less activity. The results of the study indicate
      that nasal metabolism may be important in causing tumors in alimentary as well as
      upper respiratory tissues.

PMID- 3859687
TI  - Increased immunogenicity of a spontaneous variant clone of the 13762A rat mammary
      adenocarcinoma.
AB  - The 13762A rat mammary adenocarcinoma is weakly immunogenic and spontaneously
      metastasizes to regional lymph nodes and lungs. A clone (18A) was isolated from
      the parental tumor, which grew for 3 weeks in normal F344 rats, forming tumors up
      to 2-3 cm and some nodal metastases, and then completely regressed. Pretreatment
      of recipient rats with 450 rad permitted progressive growth and death due to
      metastases. The behavior of 18A has been stable during a period of 120 days in
      continuous culture or for 6 in vivo passages in irradiated rats. Regression of
      18A was associated with intense tumor mononuclear leukocytic infiltration,
      whereas parental tumors of the same size recruited few leukocytes. Regressions
      occurred when 18A cells were placed intradermally, sc, or im, but iv injections
      were not rejected. Parental tumors grew progressively at all sites. Regressor
      rats were specifically immune to challenge with both 18A and parental tumor but
      not to an unrelated mammary carcinoma (R3230AC). Irradiated 18A tumor cell
      vaccines protected recipients against challenge with parental tumor, but similar
      vaccines of irradiated parental tumor cells were ineffective. The systemic
      adoptive transfer of immune lymphocytes more strongly inhibited the growth of
      established (7 days) 18A than parental tumor. It was concluded that the parental
      13762A tumor contained stable variants that were significantly more immunogenic
      and more susceptible to immune attack than the parental tumor. Such variant tumor
      lines may be useful in the study of the host response to metastasis.

PMID- 3859688
TI  - An immunotoxin composed of monoclonal anti-Thy 1.1 antibody and a ribosome
      inactivating protein from Saponaria officinalis: potent antitumor effects in
      vitro and in vivo.
AB  - The ribosome-inactivating protein saporin, from Saponaria officinalis, was
      coupled by a disulfide bond to monoclonal anti-Thy 1.1 antibody (OX7) and to its
      F(ab')2 fragment. The immunotoxins were at least as toxic as the plant toxin
      ricin to the Thy 1.1-expressing cell lines AKR-A and BW5147 in tissue culture.
      They reduced the rate at which the cells incorporated [3H]leucine into protein by
      50% at cell concentrations of 1.5-3 X 10(-11) and 3 X 10(-12) M, respectively.
      The toxic effect was specific. No toxicity was seen when the immunotoxins were
      applied to Thy 1.2-expressing EL 4 lymphoma cells at 3 X 10(-8) M, and a control
      immunotoxin made from an antibody (R10) of irrelevant specificity was without
      effect on AKA-A cells. Further, the treatment of spleen cells from AKR mice with
      OX7-saporin at 10(-8) M abolished their response to the T-lymphocyte mitogen
      concanavalin A, without impairing their response to the B-lymphocyte mitogen
      lipopolysaccharide. A single iv injection of OX7-saporin into nu/nu randombred
      mice bearing peritoneal AKR-A lymphoma cells prolonged the survival time of the
      animals by an extent corresponding to that expected if 99.999% of the tumor cells
      had been eradicated by the immunotoxin. None of the control materials
      (unconjugated OX7, unconjugated saporin, OX7 plus saporin, or R10-saporin)
      delayed tumor growth. The OX7 F(ab')2-saporin conjugate was also highly effective
      as an antitumor agent, although significantly less so than the conjugate made
      with intact OX7. Unexpectedly, the acute toxicity of saporin to mice (median
      lethal dose = 6.8 mg/kg) was elevated eightfold to sixteenfold by conjugation to
      OX7, R10, or OX7 F(ab')2. Histologic examination of recipients of the immunotoxin
      revealed gross damage to hepatic parenchymal cells and to the white pulp of the
      spleen, neither of which was caused by unconjugated saporin. Ricin A-chain
      coupled to OX7 antibody was one hundredfold to one thousandfold less effective
      than OX7-saporin as an antitumor agent in vivo, although the two immunotoxins
      were equally cytotoxic to AKR-A cells in vitro.

PMID- 3859689
TI  - Irradiation and prolactin effects on rat mammary carcinogenesis: intrasplenic
      pituitary and estrone capsule implants.
AB  - The implantation of silicone capsules that contained estrone and that were
      adjacent to grafts of anterior pituitary tissue in the spleens of
      adrenalectomized glucocorticoid-deficient inbred F344 rats resulted in high
      circulating prolactin (Prl) levels without the untoward effects of chronic
      hyperestrogenism or of grafts of Prl-secreting pituitary tumors. All peripheral
      serum estrone titers were below the titers in sera of proestrous untreated intact
      rats. Peripheral serum estrone and Prl levels were, however, a function of
      capsule surface area over the capsule sizes tested (12-74 mm2); the elevated Prl
      levels persisted for as long as 700 days. In adrenalectomized glucocorticoid
      deficient female rats, both 5 Gy gamma-irradiation alone and intrasplenic
      pituitary-estrone implants alone induced mammary carcinomas; the combination of
      these treatments induced a greater incidence of first carcinomas and reduced
      first carcinoma latency. There were, however, no marked differences in tumor
      incidence or latency due to differences in estrone capsule size. Finally,
      ovariectomy reduced first carcinoma risk in irradiated, pituitary-estrone
      implanted rats but did not change the time of maximum risk. Ovarian secretory
      activity thus persisted in such rats and ovarian hormones synergized with Prl in
      mammary carcinoma induction.

PMID- 3859690
TI  - Myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders in Tasmania.

PMID- 3859691
TI  - Gonadotrophins and ovarian cancer risk.

PMID- 3859692
TI  - Exposure of oil refinery workers to the lubricating-dewaxing process.

PMID- 3859693
TI  - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in blood monocytes and alveolar
      macrophages in patients with lung cancer.
AB  - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), mediated by blood monocytes
      (MNC) and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) obtained from 31 patients with
      lung cancer and 13 control subjects, was determined. The ADCC of the PAM obtained
      from patients with lung cancer was significantly less (40% reduction) than that
      of the control group. This finding was demonstrated over the range of effector-to
      target cell ratios. The ADCC of blood MNC from the cancer patients was not
      different from that of control subjects and in both groups the ADCC of blood MNC
      was significantly greater than that of lung macrophages. Comparison of PAM ADCC
      in smokers and nonsmokers within the control group suggested that the lower
      activity in cancer patients was not simply an effect of smoking.

PMID- 3859694
TI  - Dietary fat consumption and survival among women with breast cancer.
AB  - An historical prospective study was conducted to examine the relationship of
      dietary fat intake to disease progression and length of survival of 953 women
      with breast cancer. Estimates of monthly fat intake were based on patient
      responses about usual frequency of consuming 33 foods and beverages prior to
      symptom onset. Average estimated monthly fat intake did not vary by stage of
      disease at diagnosis. When controlling for disease stage and patient age at
      diagnosis, the estimated risk of death at any time increased 1.4-fold for each
      1,000 g in monthly fat intake. Separate analysis by disease stage showed this
      association to be most pronounced for subjects with advanced disease. The need
      for future studies to incorporate clinical and pathologic factors in the
      analysis, to distinguish between sources of dietary fat intake, and to ascertain
      dietary patterns subsequent to breast cancer diagnosis was noted.

PMID- 3859695
TI  - Risk factors for fibrocystic breast disease and its histopathologic components.
AB  - The relationship between various sociodemographic, reproductive, and other
      factors to the occurrence of fibrocystic breast disease was evaluated in a case
      control study undertaken at five Connecticut hospitals from 1979 to 1981. The
      study groups comprised 590 women with biopsy-proven fibrocystic breast disease
      and 1,018 women with other surgical conditions. Among the premenopausal women,
      multivariate analysis suggested that high socioeconomic status, Jewish religion,
      low parity, a history of benign breast disease, a history of breast cancer in the
      mother or a sister, and low Quetelet index were associated with increased odds
      ratios (OR) for fibrocystic breast disease. Similar analysis for the
      postmenopausal women revealed increased OR for women with high socioeconomic
      status, a late age at menopause, and a history of benign breast disease. Current
      smokers as well as those who had had a tubal sterilization had significantly
      reduced odds of fibrocystic disease. There was no convincing evidence of linear
      trends according to degree of epithelial atypia for any of the variables
      considered. Although some variation in the OR emerged in the analysis according
      to selected histologic components, the results provided little evidence that
      women with biopsy specimens exhibiting gross cysts, sclerosing adenosis,
      papillary hyperplasia, or papillomatosis showed epidemiologic similarities with
      breast cancer patients.

PMID- 3859696
TI  - Racial differences in breast cancer patients.
AB  - One thousand seventy-eight patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer were
      examined for racial differences in histopathologic and clinical parameters. There
      were no observed differences in tumor histopathologic type or tumor endocrine
      status between races. There were no differences with respect to time to breast
      tumor recurrence observed between black and white patients. However, differences
      were observed in factors that contributed to tumor stage at diagnosis and to
      tumor grade. Survival differences observed in univariant analysis of blacks vs.
      whites were explainable by the presence of more severe skin involvement, tumor
      grade, and tumor size at diagnosis in the black patients.

PMID- 3859697
TI  - Alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer in women.
AB  - The relationship between breast cancer and alcoholic beverage consumption was
      investigated in a case-control study of 437 women with breast cancer and 437 age
      matched controls admitted to the hospital for acute conditions apparently
      unrelated to alcohol consumption. Compared to the relative risks (RR) for women
      who had never drunk alcohol, the RR for those reporting 1-3 and more than 3
      alcoholic drinks per day were 1.24 and 1.93, respectively. A similar positive
      trend in risk with increasing daily consumption was evident for wine alone, and
      the point estimates were above unity for beer and spirits. Allowance for all
      identified potential confounding factors (including the major risk factors for
      breast cancer and a few selected dietary items) did not appreciably change any of
      the alcohol-related estimates. The RR, however, were higher at younger ages and
      did not rise with increasing duration of use. Nonetheless, the findings of the
      present study and their similarity with those of another case-control study
      conducted in northeastern Italy indicate that the association between alcoholic
      beverage consumption and breast cancer in this population is probably real,
      though not necessarily causal.

PMID- 3859698
TI  - Gallstones and risk of gallbladder cancer.
AB  - The relationship between gallstones and gallbladder cancer was investigated in a
      case-control study in 131 subjects with gallbladder cancer and 2,399 subjects
      without gallbladder cancer. Included in the study were male and female subjects
      from 3 racial groups: white, black, and Southwestern American Indian. For the non
      Indian group there was a significant relationship between gallstones and
      gallbladder cancer, with an overall estimated relative risk (RR) of 4.4 (95%
      confidence interval, 2.6-7.3). For the Indian population the overall estimated RR
      was much higher: RR = 20.9; 95% confidence interval = 8.1-54. By the combination
      of the RR, the prevalence of gallstones, and the overall incidence of gallbladder
      cancer, the risk of gallbladder cancer was calculated in each population for
      subjects with untreated gallstones. In older subjects with gallstones the
      estimated 20-year cumulative risk for gallbladder cancer ranged from 0.13% in
      black males to 1.5% in Indian females. It was concluded that the risk of
      gallbladder cancer in untreated subjects with gallstones is heterogeneous,
      depending on race and sex as well as the period of exposure to gallstones.

PMID- 3859699
TI  - In vitro induction of human skin ornithine decarboxylase by the tumor promoter 12
      O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.
AB  - A method was developed for the in vitro induction by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13
      acetate (TPA) of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in human skin punch
      biopsy samples. Addition of TPA to 1 ml serum-free minimum essential medium
      containing a single 3-mm human skin punch biopsy sample obtained from a surgical
      specimen resulted in an induction of ODC activity with a peak activity at 5 hours
      after TPA addition. In vitro induction of human epidermal ODC activity was
      dependent on the TPA concentration in the medium; about a twofold increase in ODC
      activity was observed 6 hours after the addition of 0.1 microM TPA, and about a
      fivefold increase in ODC activity was observed with 1 microM TPA. TPA also caused
      about a fivefold to sixfold increase in ODC activity in 3-mm skin punch biopsy
      samples from healthy volunteers. Human skin punch biopsy samples remained
      responsive to TPA induction of ODC activity even when stored in serum-free medium
      at 4 degrees C for 24 hours. A similar degree of induction of ODC activity by TPA
      was observed whether whole unfractionated human epidermis or a soluble epidermal
      extract was used for ODC assays. Increased ODC activity was the result of the
      increase in enzymatically active ODC protein, quantitated by a
      [3H]difluoromethylornithine-binding assay. Thus human skin, like mouse skin, is
      responsive to TPA for ODC induction.

PMID- 3859700
TI  - Papovavirus in epitheliomas appearing on lymphoma-bearing hamsters: lack of
      association with horizontally transmitted lymphomas of Syrian hamsters.
AB  - Several epizootics of lymphoma occurred in a colony of LVG hamsters contaminated
      with an unusual, horizontally transmitted, subviral, lymphomagenic agent.
      Hamsters with horizontally transmitted lymphoma, or others housed with these
      hamsters, occasionally developed epitheliomas bearing an unclassified
      papovavirus. The possibility that the virus present in the wart-like structures
      in our hamster colony could activate lymphoma was tested, and a search was
      conducted for mature virions in passaged epitheliomas and lymphomas. The agent
      responsible for the skin epitheliomas in our hamster facility was an icosahedral,
      36-nm virion compatible with the morphology of a polyomavirus or simian virus 40.
      Horizontally transmitted lymphoma cells and epitheliomas contained hamster
      papovavirus (HaPV) DNA sequences detected by dot hybridization; however, such
      sequences were not found in extracts of lymphomas with oncogenic potential. In
      contrast to reports by other investigators, infection of hamsters with the
      papovavirus present in primary epitheliomas produced epitheliomas in good yield
      but was not reproducibly associated with lymphoma induction. These data confirm
      the observation that the HaPV is the causative agent of epitheliomas, but they
      suggest clearly that HaPV is not the agent responsible for lymphomagenesis.

PMID- 3859701
TI  - [Prognosis of surviving children with neurologic complications in the intensive
      phase of leukemia treatment].
AB  - 32 children survived neurological complications during the treatment of ALL, AML
      or NHL (intracranial bleeding, convulsions, infections, severe neuropathy, severe
      EEG-slowing). Neurological, electroencephalographic and psychological
      examinations were performed 6 months to 6 years after the end of maintenance
      therapy. Findings were normal or borderline in about 70% of the patients. 20%
      presented with neurological signs, due to localised cerebral or peripheral
      lesions. However, these generally did not interfere to high degree with the daily
      living skills. The frequencies of school problems and of abnormal psychological
      findings were similar to these found in ALL patients without neurological
      complications.

PMID- 3859702
TI  - [Adult form of chronic myelogenous leukemia in childhood--a retrospective
      analysis of 20 patients].
AB  - The initial findings and the course of 20 children and adolescents with adult CML
      from 10 children hospitals were analyzed retrospectively. The Philadelphia
      chromosome was found in 18 patients. Initial findings, the course and the
      prognosis were similar to those published from adult patients. 7 of the 11
      children who received chemotherapy alone are still alive with a median survival
      time of 26 months (range: 14 to 68 months). One patient survived the third blast
      crisis. For 9 children with a bone marrow transplantation during the chronic
      phase (median time before transplantation 30 months) the follow-up of 7 months is
      still too short. 4 of these patients died following graft versus host reaction, 5
      show no signs of a renewed occurrence of CML so far. Since CML is rare in
      children, there is little large scale experience. Hence, there is an urgent need
      for the prospective and cooperative study of these patients.

PMID- 3859703
TI  - [DNA aneuploidy in children with acute leukemia: I. Incidence and clinical
      significance within the scope of the BFM studies].
AB  - Analyses of the cellular DNA content were carried out in 226 patients with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and in 61 children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
      to assess the incidence and clinical significance of DNA aneuploidies. All
      children were treated within the BFM studies ALL 79/81 and 81/83 as well as AML
      78 und 83. DNA aneuploidies were identified in ALL in 39,8% and in AML in 36,1%
      of cases. Within the ALL group a significantly higher rate of aneuploid DNA
      stemlines was observed for non-T/non-B ALL with 44,1% as compared to T-ALL with
      14,3% (p less than 0,01). In AML the morphologic subgroups M 1/2 revealed a lower
      frequency of 21,7% DNA aneuploidies than M 4/5 leukemias with 44,4%. The rates of
      complete remissions were not different between patients with and without DNA
      aneuploidy neither in ALL nor in AML. In the study ALL 79/81, however, a tendency
      towards longer remissions for patients with DNA aneuploidy was found (p = 0.053)
      which could not be confirmed at present by the study ALL 81/83. In both ALL
      trials patients with the lowest pretherapeutic risk-score revealed the highest
      rate of aneuploid DNA stemlines.

PMID- 3859704
TI  - Chlamydia trachomatis in a high risk pregnant population.

PMID- 3859705
TI  - Bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia: relationship of initial antimicrobial therapy
      to outcome.

PMID- 3859706
TI  - Estrogen sulfotransferase in human placenta.
AB  - Human placental estrogen sulfotransferase (ESFT) was partially purified from the
      term placental cytosol by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and agarose gel chromatography.
      Additional purifications caused a rapid loss of the enzyme activity. The activity
      was abolished by isoelectrofocusing but partially retained by chromatofocusing.
      The value of pI of human placental ESFT is 5.8 and the same value was obtained
      for bovine adrenal ESFT. The enzyme protein was able to bind to the affinity
      resin, estradiol-17-hemisuccinyl-1,2-diaminododecane sepharose 4B, but difficult
      to be extracted by estradiol (E2). The extract of the affinity resin showed one
      major protein band at 68,000 dalton on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Kinetic studies using partially purified ESFT revealed that E2 is the best
      substrate for this enzyme. The relative rate of sulfurylation of E2, estrone,
      estriol and dehydroepiandrosterone at 4 microM (Km for E2) is 1, 0.3, 0.08 and
      0.08, respectively.

PMID- 3859707
TI  - Regulation of human placental progesterone synthesis in vitro by naturally
      occurring steroids.
AB  - A regulatory model of human placental progesterone synthesis is based on studies
      with isolated placental enzymes. Steroids causing a dose-dependent inhibition are
      listed in the standing order of their inhibitory potency (I50 (microM)/Ki value
      (microM)/type of inhibition: c = competitive and nc = non competitive).
      Cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (mitochondria): Mainly regulated by
      hydroxylated cholesterol derivates. No inhibition was observed by
      cholesterylesters and by other naturally occurring steroids tested. 5-ene-3 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase (mitochondria): 6 beta-hydroxyprogesterone
      (nc), dehydroepiandrosterone (0.32/0.82/c), 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (0.38/
      /nc), progesterone (0.46/-), estrone (0.56/0.1/c), estradiol (0.1/0.8/c), 17
      alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (2.1/-/nc), 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone (0.4/-/c),
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (2.5/-/c), cortisone (5.0/-), cortisol (100/-). 20
      alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (cytoplasmic): estrone (0.26/0.7/c), estradiol
      (0.28/0.9/c), pregnenolone (4.4/9.2/c), 5 alpha-pregnan-3 beta-ol-20-one (4.6/
      /nc), estriol (5.1/11.5/c); dehydroepiandrosterone (7.2/14.0/c), 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (26.0/-/nc), progesterone (33.0/48.0/c),
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (50.0/23.0/nc), and testosterone (59.0/63.0/c). An
      autoregulatory mechanism of placental progesterone synthesis is postulated which
      is in good agreement with data published by others proving that placental
      progesterone synthesis is independent of the endocrine organs of the mother and
      the fetus.

PMID- 3859709
TI  - Effect of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide on leukemic and normal human myeloid
      progenitor cells.
AB  - The sensitivity of myeloid progenitor cells from normal subjects (N-CFU-GM) and
      from leukemic patients in complete remission (LR-CFU-GM) to 4
      hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) were compared to the sensitivity of leukemic
      progenitor cells (L-CFU) to this drug. The results were expressed as the dose of
      4-HC needed to kill 90% (TD 90) of the progenitor cells. The mean TD 90 were
      respectively for N-CFU-GM : 59 (+/- 11 S.E.M.) nM ml-1 and for L-CFU 79 (+/- 6
      S.E.M.) nM ml-1. Thus, L-CFU were equally sensitive to 4-HC as N-CFU-GM.
      Moreover, the mean TD 90 for LR-CFU-GM was 87 (+/- 5 S.E.M.) nM ml-1. Thus, the
      sensitivity of N-CFU-GM and LR-CFU-GM did not differ significantly from that of L
      CFU. These results are not encouraging for the use of 4-HC in vitro to eliminate
      the residual leukemic cells from autologous bone marrow of AML patients in
      complete remission. The sensitivity of L-CFU was modified neither by previous
      cytoreductive therapy (different from cyclophosphamide) nor by the time elapsed
      since diagnosis of AML.

PMID- 3859708
TI  - Affinity labeling of the cofactor-binding site of estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase
      of human placenta by 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine.
AB  - An analogue of adenosine nucleotide, 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine (5'-FSB
      Ado), appears to interact irreversibly with the cofactor-binding site of
      estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase of human placenta. This conclusion is based on
      the following observations: (1) The estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase is inhibited
      by 5'-FSB-Ado. When NAD+ is the variable component in the presence of saturated
      amount of steroid, the type of the inhibition is competitive in nature. When the
      steroid is the variable component, mode of the inhibition becomes non
      competitive. The results suggest reversible binding of 5'-FSB-Ado to the cofactor
      binding site of the dehydrogenase. (2) 5'-FSB-Ado inactivates irreversibly the
      estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase in time- and concentration-dependent manners,
      following pseudo-first-order kinetics. But, no inactivation is observed in the
      presence of p-fluorosulfonylbenzoic acid, suggesting that adenosine moiety of 5'
      FSB-Ado is essential for the affinity labeling of estradiol 17 beta
      dehydrogenase. (3) NADP+ protects completely estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase from
      the inactivation of 5'-FSB-Ado, whereas NAD(H) is partially protective against
      the inactivation, suggesting that phosphate moiety at 2'-position of NADP+
      disturbs the covalent binding of 5'-FSB-Ado at or near the cofactor-binding site
      of the enzyme. (4) 2',5'-ADP shows the significant protection against the
      inactivation by 5'-FSB-Ado, but less effect is observed in the presence of
      nicotinamide mononucleotides. These results suggest that 5'-FSB-Ado is an
      affinity ligand for binding-site of adenosine nucleotide moiety of the cofactor.

PMID- 3859710
TI  - Insertion (10;11)(p11;q23q24) in two cases of acute monocytic leukemia.
AB  - An insertion (10;11)(p11;q23q24) was found in bone marrow metaphase cells from
      two children with acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL-M5b). This rearrangement
      involves a small chromosomal segment of 11q and may be misinterpreted as a
      deletion of 11q. Insertion (10;11) may represent a new recurring abnormality
      involving 11q associated with acute leukemia of the M5b type.

PMID- 3859711
TI  - Idarubicin alone or in combination with cytarabine and etoposide (3 + 3 + 5
      protocol) in acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia.

PMID- 3859712
TI  - Survival in Ph1-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia: relationship to findings at
      diagnosis and to disease kinetics after the first course of treatment.
AB  - Survival in 73 patients with Ph1-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia was
      correlated with remission duration and leukocyte doubling time after initial
      treatment with busulfan and also, with clinical and laboratory features recorded
      at the time of diagnosis. There was a significant relationship between remission
      duration and leukocyte doubling time (correlation coefficient 0.94). On
      multivariate analysis, the most important factor influencing remission duration
      (and doubling time) was the percentage of circulating blasts (p less than 0.001).
      The spleen size (p less than 0.02), Liver size (p less than 0.03) and WBC (p less
      than 0.03) also added significantly to model fit; however, once a second variable
      was entered into the model no other factor produced significant improvement in
      model fit. In univariate analyses, the remission duration, doubling time,
      percentage of circulating blasts, spleen and liver size correlated significantly
      with survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that the percentage of circulating
      blasts was the most important factor affecting survival (p less than 0.001), with
      the liver size adding significantly to model fit (p less than 0.05). Remission
      duration, leukocyte doubling time and spleen size did not significantly influence
      survival once the percentage of blasts was included in the model. Thus,
      evaluation of clinical and laboratory data at the time of diagnosis is more
      important for prognostic classification of patients than the measurement of
      relapse kinetics after initial treatment with busulfan.

PMID- 3859713
TI  - Defective chemotaxis and adherence in granulocytes from chronic myeloid leukemia
      (CML) patients.
AB  - Adherence and motility of granulocytes from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
      patients was compared with that of granulocytes from normal subjects. The
      percentage of non-adherent granulocytes was significantly higher in untreated CML
      patients and patients in relapse and acute blastic crisis (ABC) (P less than
      0.01). Chemotactic Index (C.I.) of granulocytes moving in a gradient of a
      synthetic chemoattractant F-Met-Leu-Phe was measured by time-lapse
      cinematography. While 84.5 +/- 3.53% of normal granulocytes were motile, only
      30.3 +/- 14.7% granulocytes from untreated patients, 33.8 +/- 21.3% granulocytes
      from relapse patients and 36 +/- 9.9% granulocytes from ABC patients were found
      to be motile. The C.I. of motile granulocytes from CML patients was significantly
      lower in untreated patients (P less than 0.05), in patients in relapse (P less
      than 0.01) and in patients in ABC (P less than 0.05), as compared to that of
      normal granulocytes. Visualization of cytoplasmic actin by indirect
      immunofluorescence, revealed the presence of actin in granulocytes from patients
      in all stages of the disease. Thus, granulocytes from CML patients were defective
      in directional locomotion. Organized actin filaments were found in the small
      percentage of motile cells still found in CML patients.

PMID- 3859714
TI  - International data collection and interpretation: a review.

PMID- 3859715
TI  - Descriptive epidemiology of childhood leukaemia and lymphoma in Great Britain.

PMID- 3859716
TI  - Recent epidemiological studies of leukaemia in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 3859717
TI  - The value of subtyping in studies of irradiation and human leukaemia.

PMID- 3859718
TI  - Collaborative group study of the epidemiology of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
      subtypes: background and first report.

PMID- 3859719
TI  - Leukaemia and lymphoma in Kenya.

PMID- 3859720
TI  - Acute childhood leukaemia in Johannesburg.

PMID- 3859721
TI  - Observations on the epidemiology and subtypes of lymphatic malignancies in
      Israel.

PMID- 3859722
TI  - Leukaemia/lymphoma incidence in New Zealand: acute leukaemia subtypes in the
      South Island of New Zealand, 1983-1984.

PMID- 3859723
TI  - Cell markers and acute leukaemia subtypes in Chile.
AB  - A panel of monoclonal antibodies were used to define acute myeloblastic leukaemia
      (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with its different subgroups.
      Thirty-three patients were studied in a period of one year. ALL was diagnosed in
      80% of the children and 20% of the adults. AML was present in 22% of the children
      and 78% of adults. In children, only one of seven was common ALL, three of seven
      were T-ALL and three of seven were B-ALL. Five of 12 were unclassifiable (U-ALL).
      In adults the 4 ALL were U-ALL.

PMID- 3859724
TI  - Competing for the dentist's attention: are you a proprietor or an entrepreneur?

PMID- 3859725
TI  - Buyer's guide to handpieces.

PMID- 3859726
TI  - To market is to grow.

PMID- 3859727
TI  - A pricing guide for denture labs: how to determine fees.

PMID- 3859728
TI  - The success triangle: the way to a better future.

PMID- 3859729
TI  - The emerging leisure class--how will it affect our industry?

PMID- 3859731
TI  - We need to restructure the schools.

PMID- 3859730
TI  - America wants to look good.

PMID- 3859732
TI  - Recombination between chloroplast DNAs does not occur in sexual crosses of
      Oenothera.
AB  - Crosses of Oenothera result in the transmission of chloroplasts from both parents
      to their offspring. In spite of this biparental inheritance, no wild-type
      recombinants were recovered from crosses between different chloroplast mutants.
      Since more than 7500 progeny were examined, the results indicate that
      recombination between the chloroplast DNAs of higher plants must be a very rare
      event.

PMID- 3859733
TI  - A gene affecting production of the Caenorhabditis elegans dauer-inducing
      pheromone.
AB  - A nematode mutant lacking pheromone activity does not enter the developmentally
      arrested dispersal stage called the dauer larva unless exogenous pheromone is
      added to the growth medium, indicating that the pheromone is required for wild
      type dauer larva formation. In contrast, a class of temperature-sensitive mutant
      forms dauer larvae even in the absence of detectable pheromone, indicating that
      such mutants bypass the normal pheromone requirement. A rapid bioassay of
      pheromone produced by individual nematodes has been developed for genetic
      analysis of pheromone production.

PMID- 3859734
TI  - Isolation of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase from soil bacteria for sterility
      testing of products containing chloramphenicol.
AB  - For large scale isolation of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), five soil
      bacteria (Alkaligens faecalis cc; Escherichia coli c-18; Escherichia coli c-22;
      Escherichia coli c-24 and Klebsiella pneumoniae c-38) resistant to
      chloramphenicol (Cm) were tested with surface active agents such as sodium
      dodecyl sulphate (SDS), triton x-100, tween-80 and sodium deoxycholate (SDC). CAT
      leakage was satisfactory with SDS and SDC. Since SDS forms a covalent complex
      with certain proteins, extraction of CAT was performed with SDC in the present
      study. The enzyme was partially purified by a gel filtration procedure. The
      stability test showed that the CAT enzymes isolated from E. coli c-22 and K.
      pneumoniae c-38, were fairly stable even at room temperature. The CAT isolated in
      this way may be useful for sterility testing of Cm containing products.

PMID- 3859735
TI  - [Basocellular nevus: cutaneous lesions and upper and lower jaw cysts (II)].

PMID- 3859736
TI  - [Microbiological and immunopathological aspects of inflammatory periodontolysis].

PMID- 3859737
TI  - [The dental volunteer in Third World countries (I)].

PMID- 3859738
TI  - [The dental volunteer in Third World countries (II)].

PMID- 3859739
TI  - [Experiences in endodontics 85 (I)].

PMID- 3859740
TI  - [Experiences in endodontics 85 (II)].

PMID- 3859741
TI  - Possible treatment of some genetic deficiency diseases--a hypothesis.
AB  - A conceptual hypothesis for the possibility of treatment of genetic deficiency
      diseases utilizing genetic engineering techniques is presented. It is proposed
      that the gene responsible for the synthesis of a protein which is missing in the
      patient may be inserted into the patient's stem cells using already established
      techniques of gene splicing and delivery. The so modified stem cells, if put back
      into the patient's system (e.g. bone marrow), by virtue of their ability of self
      multiplication are likely to start synthesizing and continue to produce missing
      protein. Since stem cells are also capable of differentiating into various blood
      cells, the nucleated blood cells are also likely to begin production of the
      protein whose gene was inserted into the stem cells. In this way a blood protein
      synthesized by any organ (e.g. liver) in normal persons may be synthesized by
      stem cells or their differentiated forms in the patient resulting in correction
      of the deficiency. Certain genetically deficient animals may be used to prove
      this hypothesis.

PMID- 3859742
TI  - Long survival in an elderly patient with acute myeloid leukaemia after treatment
      with harringtonine.
AB  - A remission was achieved in a 73-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukaemia
      after treatment with harringtonine. The remission lasted 3 1/2 years and she
      remained alive at the four-year follow-up.

PMID- 3859743
TI  - Treatment of children with refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia with vincristine
      and diltiazem.
AB  - Six children with refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia were treated with
      vincristine combined with diltiazem. In four of five children who took the drug
      as scheduled, a cytolytic effect was observed. One child showed massive cell
      destruction which caused hyperuricemic nephropathy. The only adverse effect was
      atrioventricular block in two children, which was completely reversible.
      Increased neurotoxicity was not observed in any child.

PMID- 3859744
TI  - Acute and chronic hepatitis in childhood leukemia: a multicentric study from the
      Italian Pediatric Cooperative Group for Therapy of Acute Leukemia (AIL-AIEOP).
AB  - The incidence of acute and chronic liver damage and its relation to hepatitis B
      virus (HBV) infection was evaluated in 164 consecutive children with acute
      leukemia seen in ten Italian hemato-pediatric units. Thirteen out of 164 children
      (7.9%) had acute hepatitis (AH) during treatment, while 8/90 (8.8%) showed an
      acute exacerbation of liver damage within 6 months after therapy withdrawal.
      Seven of the 13 children with AH while on therapy were HBsAg positive. In 12/13
      cases, liver disease progressed to chronicity. Five of eight children who
      developed AH after completion of treatment were HBsAg positive. Eighty-nine
      patients (54.2%) developed biochemical evidence of chronic hepatitis during
      therapy; 48/89 were followed after cessation of treatment and 33 of them showed
      persisting evidence of liver cell necrosis. Thirty-three out of 133 children
      (24.8%) tested for serum HBsAg were found positive: 26 (78.7%) of them developed
      chronic hepatitis. Sixty-four out of 133 patients were evaluated after cessation
      of treatment: Chronic hepatitis persisted in 16/22 HBsAg-positive (72.7%) and in
      17/42 HBsAg-negative (40.4%) children during follow-up. The outcome of these
      liver diseases after treatment withdrawal did not differ significantly in
      relation to HBV serology, suggesting that viral rather than toxic agents were
      responsible for liver damage also in most HBsAg-negative patients. The high
      incidence of chronic HBV infection in children with leukemia found in this
      multicentric study could suggest a need for active immunization with HBV vaccine,
      but the efficacy of such approach in this clinical setting is still to be
      validated.

PMID- 3859745
TI  - A morphometric classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.
AB  - In order to reduce the subjective errors in subtyping leukemic lymphoblasts using
      the French-American-British (FAB) classification, computer-assisted morphometry
      was used. Bone marrow smears obtained at diagnosis from 99 children with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were analysed by this method and compared with the
      subjective FAB classification. The results confirm that lymphoblast morphology,
      as a single variable, is a very significant predictor of survival in ALL. This
      computer-assisted morphometric analysis would be of great value in large-scale
      clinical trials in ALL.

PMID- 3859746
TI  - Clinical manifestations of acute leukemia.

PMID- 3859747
TI  - The allergenic potential of metals in dental alloys.

PMID- 3859748
TI  - AIDS: an update.

PMID- 3859749
TI  - The future of dentistry--the crisis and the challenge.

PMID- 3859750
TI  - Prevalence of HTLV-III antibody in American blood donors.

PMID- 3859751
TI  - Systemic pseudallescheriasis in a patient with acute myelocytic leukemia.
AB  - Presented is a case of widely disseminated systemic pseudallescheriasis in a 41
      year old male with acute myelocytic leukemia. The immediate cause of death
      appeared to be due to an extensive invasion of the lungs which showed massive
      intra-alveolar hemorrhages, congestion, mycotic thrombi, and multiple fungal
      lesions in all lobes. Pseudallescheria boydii was diagnosed histopathologically
      by virtue of its characteristic conidia present in miliary lesions throughout a
      wide range of host's tissues, including the brain and the thyroid. Three
      antemortem blood specimens cultured during the patient's final hospital stay were
      positive for the fungus. It was concluded the fungemia was responsible for the
      rapid and widespread dispersion of P. boydii in this debilitated patient who was
      granulocytopenic and immunosuppressed.

PMID- 3859752
TI  - Immune response restored by gene therapy in mice.

PMID- 3859753
TI  - AIDS. Blood test trials inconclusive.

PMID- 3859754
TI  - Role of the serotonin uptake carrier in the neurochemical response to
      methamphetamine: effects of citalopram and chlorimipramine.
AB  - The role of the serotonin uptake carrier in the methamphetamine-induced
      depression of serotonin synthesis was examined. In vivo, coadministration of
      citalopram or chlorimipramine with methamphetamine blocked the irreversible
      depression of tryptophan hydroxylase activity observed in the neostriatum and
      cerebral cortex after repeated administration of high doses of methamphetamine.
      The methamphetamine-induced reduction of neostriatal serotonin and 5
      hydroxyindoleacetic acid was also attenuated by the two uptake inhibitors. In
      contrast, neither drug antagonized the depression of neostriatal tyrosine
      hydroxylase activity observed after methamphetamine administration. Citalopram
      also blocked the reversible inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase activity
      observed after the acute administration of methamphetamine. In vitro, citalopram
      significantly inhibited methamphetamine-induced [3H]serotonin release from
      neostriatal slices. The results demonstrate that inhibitors of the serotonin
      uptake carrier can antagonize both the in vivo and in vitro effects of
      methamphetamine on serotonergic neurons. Furthermore, the methamphetamine-induced
      depression of serotonin synthesis is dependent upon a functional serotonin uptake
      system.

PMID- 3859756
TI  - Ureteropyeloscopy.

PMID- 3859757
TI  - Transurethral endoscopy of the upper urinary tract.

PMID- 3859755
TI  - [Prostaglandins in the induction of labor].

PMID- 3859758
TI  - Long-term survival with metastatic uterine sarcoma.

PMID- 3859759
TI  - Neutropenia associated with procainamide.

PMID- 3859760
TI  - The Berwid case.

PMID- 3859761
TI  - Esophageal ulceration associated with oral penicillin in Marfan's syndrome.

PMID- 3859762
TI  - Accidents in the skilled nursing facility.

PMID- 3859763
TI  - Rigid ureteropyeloscopy.

PMID- 3859764
TI  - Informed consent. The New York approach.

PMID- 3859765
TI  - Normal adolescent development. Helping teenagers cope with change.

PMID- 3859766
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the ovary.

PMID- 3859767
TI  - Metastatic leiomyosarcoma of iliac bone.

PMID- 3859768
TI  - Recurrent chronic epididymitis as an initial symptom of colovesical fistula.

PMID- 3859769
TI  - Stage II benign cystic teratoma with malignant squamous degeneration.

PMID- 3859770
TI  - Posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint.

PMID- 3859771
TI  - Abdominal distention associated with lactose malabsorption in a premature infant.

PMID- 3859772
TI  - Familial antithrombin III deficiency.

PMID- 3859773
TI  - Insulin pumps and other recent advances with insulin delivery in the treatment of
      diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3859774
TI  - Driving and diabetes.

PMID- 3859775
TI  - Treatment of pneumonia with imipenem/cilastatin.
AB  - This pilot study assessed the efficacy, safety and tolerance of intravenously
      administered imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of adults hospitalised with
      community acquired pneumonia. Thirteen patients were treated with 500 mg imipenem
      and 500 mg cilastatin eight hourly for a minimum of five days. Eleven patients
      (85%) had a clinical cure; (Legionella pneumophila was the pathogen in four,
      Streptococcus pneumoniae in one, Branhamella catarrhalis in one, no pathogen
      identified in five). One patient had a partial response (Staphylococcus aureus);
      and one patient was a treatment failure (Haemophilus influenzae and Klebsiella
      ozaenae). Clinical and laboratory side effects were mild, reversible and did not
      require treatment to be stopped. We conclude that the combination of imipenem and
      cilastatin was effective as a single agent in the treatment of the majority of
      these patients with hospital referred community acquired pneumonia.

PMID- 3859776
TI  - Readmissions for treatment for alcoholism.
AB  - First admissions and readmissions for alcoholism have risen steeply in recent
      decades. This study looked at readmission histories for four cohorts of
      alcoholics first admitted to inpatient psychiatric treatment in 1967-68, 1973,
      1977 or 1979. Over the twelve years the first cohort was observed, alcoholics on
      average spent 254 days in treatment and had 2.14 alcohol-related readmissions.
      However the distributions were very skewed: 50% stayed less than 92 days and
      45.6% had no readmissions at all. All four cohorts yielded similar results over
      comparable time periods and all showed markedly skewed distributions reflecting
      the diversity of readmission histories among alcoholics. Policy decisions about
      alcoholism inpatient treatment must take account of this diversity.

PMID- 3859777
TI  - Zoonoses.

PMID- 3859778
TI  - Flecainide acetate in atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 3859779
TI  - A cure for snoring?

PMID- 3859780
TI  - Multiple pregnancies and perinatal deaths.

PMID- 3859781
TI  - Abortion and medical discipline.

PMID- 3859782
TI  - Oral enoxacin used to cure spinal osteomyelitis due to aminoglycoside-resistant
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 3859784
TI  - [Experimental study on tongue incisions using a CO2 laser--microangiographic
      observations of the healing process].

PMID- 3859783
TI  - City-wide survey of drug patterns among non-institutionalised retarded persons.

PMID- 3859785
TI  - [A morphological study on the hard and soft tissue profiles of thumbsucking
      children using roentgen cephalograms].

PMID- 3859786
TI  - [Teeth and expression--relation between the teeth and lips in smiling].

PMID- 3859787
TI  - [Effect of formaldehyde on cultured cells].

PMID- 3859788
TI  - [Effect of Dexamethasone on collagen synthesis in cultured cells].

PMID- 3859789
TI  - [Multivariate analysis of diets and dental caries among 3-year-old children].

PMID- 3859790
TI  - [An experimental study of the effect of calcitonin on alveolar bone using
      microradiography and 45Ca autoradiography].

PMID- 3859791
TI  - [An anatomical study of the teeth of Varanus niloticus].

PMID- 3859792
TI  - [Tooth impedance diagrams at maximum potential applied by a finite-sine
      alternating current during rest conditions].

PMID- 3859794
TI  - [Dentin impedance under applied alternating potentials].

PMID- 3859793
TI  - [Bone phase angle deviation under applied alternating potentials during constant
      conditions].

PMID- 3859795
TI  - [Polarization of platinum electrodes with alternating current].

PMID- 3859796
TI  - [Psychophysiological responses of dental students (1st and 6th year) to the
      presence of a parent in the operatory. The study of stimulus of dental students'
      visual perceptions using the Visicon eye-camera].

PMID- 3859797
TI  - [Synthesis of proline-rich proteins in salivary glands of isoproterenol-treated
      rats].

PMID- 3859798
TI  - [Fused teeth in deciduous and permanent anterior teeth].

PMID- 3859799
TI  - Staff theft.

PMID- 3859800
TI  - Can a child consent to dental treatment?

PMID- 3859801
TI  - Diskectomy of the temporomandibular joint: a double-contrast arthrotomographic
      follow-up study.
AB  - The manner in which temporomandibular joint soft-tissue structures remodel
      following diskectomy has been assessed by double-contrast arthrotomography. Pre-
      and postoperative arthrograms were compared in ten joints. The intra-articular
      soft-tissue cover of the bony components was frequently thicker 1 to 3 years
      after the operation. The most pronounced thickening was observed in the
      mandibular fossa, whereas a thinner cover was found on the condyle and the
      tubercle. Development of a thick soft-tissue cover on the articulating surfaces
      indicates that the temporomandibular joint has a capacity articulating surfaces
      indicates that the temporomandibular joint has a capacity for functional
      adaptation following diskectomy. This may be an essential factor for a favorable
      postoperative result.

PMID- 3859802
TI  - Huge growth potential of the nasolabial cyst.
AB  - Two cases of nasolabial cyst are reported. The first case demonstrates the
      typical features of this rare soft-tissue developmental cyst. In the second case
      a huge cyst caused severe facial deformity. This case demonstrates the huge
      growth potential of the nasolabial cyst.

PMID- 3859803
TI  - The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in the
      maxillofacial trauma patient.
AB  - The maxillofacial trauma patient whose neurologic status undergoes a rapid and
      serious deterioration may have a severe hyponatremia secondary to the
      inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Other causes of
      hyponatremia must be ruled out, especially posttraumatic cerebral salt wasting,
      which necessitates a different mode of therapy. A case of SIADH is reported, and
      the work-up and differential diagnosis of posttraumatic hyponatremia are
      discussed.

PMID- 3859804
TI  - The use of cryotherapy in the management of paroxysmal trigeminal neuralgia.

PMID- 3859805
TI  - Chronic oral herpes simplex virus infection in immunocompromised patients.
AB  - Recurrent herpes simplex virus infection is usually benign and self-limiting, but
      in immunosuppressed patients it can be a chronic destructive process. Eight
      patients with chronic aggressive herpes simplex virus infection of the oral
      mucosa are described. All cases occurred in immunocompromised patients. The
      distinctive clinical presentation of the oral lesions, the diagnosis, and
      treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3859806
TI  - Atypical facial pain: a retrospective study.
AB  - Among the most challenging patients seen for evaluation by a health care
      practitioner are those suffering from the atypical facial pain syndrome. They
      have almost inevitably been subjected to extensive treatment which either has had
      no effect on the symptoms or has aggravated them. This article reports a
      retrospective study of thirty-four randomly selected cases of atypical facial
      pain that have been seen by a multidisciplinary pain group.

PMID- 3859807
TI  - Oral submucous fibrosis in a 4-year-old girl.
AB  - A rare case of oral submucous fibrosis in a 4-year-old Indian girl is presented.
      The condition is defined, and the clinical and laboratory features are discussed.
      Different treatment modalities and current theories of etiology are presented.
      Finally, the importance of regarding this condition as a precancerous lesion is
      supported.

PMID- 3859808
TI  - Bilateral palatal myoclonus. Pathophysiology and report of a case.
AB  - A case of palatal myoclonus in a 52-year-old woman is described. This is a rare
      condition in which the rhythmic contraction of the palatal musculature gives rise
      to otologic symptoms. The clinical symptoms, pathophysiologic characteristics,
      and recommended treatment modalities are discussed.

PMID- 3859809
TI  - Orofacial aspergillosis in acute leukemia.
AB  - The clinicopathologic characteristics of orofacial aspergillosis in thirteen
      hospitalized patients who developed the infection while receiving chemotherapy
      for acute leukemia are described. Clinically, the primary sites of infection, in
      decreasing order of frequency, were the paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, mouth,
      and facial skin; the corresponding order for the secondary sites was orbit, nasal
      cavity, facial skin, and mouth. Pathologically, the fungal lesions in the nasal,
      oral and sinusoidal cavities were black, ulcerated, and escharotic due as a
      direct result of tissue destruction by the organism and an indirect result of
      thrombotic vascular infarction. The orbital lesions were deep red, granulomatous,
      and productive of proptosis and ectropion. Seven of the thirteen patients had
      concomitant pulmonary aspergillosis. The orofacial infections were not responsive
      to antifungal therapy in the absence of remission of the leukemia and restoration
      of depressed host defenses. In two patients who did achieve remission, the
      aspergillosis was controlled by the intravenous administration of amphotericin B.

PMID- 3859810
TI  - A pilot study of the clinical problem of regionally anesthetizing the pulp of an
      acutely inflamed mandibular molar.
AB  - The diplomates of the American Association of Endodontists were surveyed
      regarding difficulties in regionally anesthetizing acutely painful mandibular
      molar teeth. Frequently patients developed evidence of adequate regional block
      anesthesia but experienced pain when the dentist attempted access. A pilot
      projection was undertaken to determine if a scientific basis existed for this
      problem. With the animal under general anesthesia, the mandibular nerve of a cat
      was isolated and then regionally blocked. A stimulating electrode was implanted
      in a cuspid tooth and a receiving electrode in the cortex of the brain. When a
      state of inflammation was created in the tooth in the presence of a regional
      block, there was an increasing cortical response to this stimulation. It was
      concluded that the pilot project offered a realistic technique for the study of
      this clinical entity.

PMID- 3859811
TI  - Radiographic characteristics of central ossifying fibroma.
AB  - Sixty-four instances of histologically documented ossifying and/or cementifying
      fibromas were evaluated. Adequate radiographs were available in 43 of the cases.
      Most of these benign fibro-osseous neoplasms occurred in women, with a
      predilection for the third and fourth decades. Six distinct radiographic patterns
      could be identified: (1) radiolucent, superimposed over teeth or residing in
      edentulous regions (28%); (2) radiolucent with opaque foci, lying in edentulous
      areas or superimposed over teeth (42%); (3) radiolucent, interposed between
      contiguous teeth (5%); (4) radiolucent with opaque foci, interposed between
      contiguous teeth (9%); (5) multilocular expansile (7%); and (6) aggressively
      expansile with opacification (9%). All lesions exhibited well-defined margins.
      Root resorption was a feature in 11% of the sample, and root divergence occurred
      in 17% of the cases.

PMID- 3859812
TI  - Inadequate treatment: a pathway to surgery.
AB  - A patient developed postendodontic pain 3 years after undergoing root canal
      therapy in a maxillary first premolar tooth. Radiographic examination revealed
      that a recently extracted impacted second premolar had originally obscured the x
      ray view of a third root on the first premolar. Endodontic therapy in the
      unfilled root was rejected because the tooth had been restored with full
      coverage. Apicoectomies and retroseals were performed on all roots, and the tooth
      became asymptomatic.

PMID- 3859813
TI  - Microfocus roentgenographic magnification in dentistry.

PMID- 3859814
TI  - Identification of an anteriorly displaced meniscus in vitro by means of three
      dimensional image reconstructions.
AB  - Computerized tomography has some limitations for diagnosis of internal
      derangements of the TMJ. The use of three-dimensional image reconstructions of CT
      data may enhance the diagnostic utility of CT. In a cadaver simulation, three
      dimensional imaging was able to demonstrate the location of a displaced meniscus
      which was not obvious in two-dimensional sections. Location of the meniscus was
      aided by the use of a "transparency mode" in displaying the data.

PMID- 3859815
TI  - Diagnostic accuracy on detection of proximal enamel lesions in nonscreen
      radiographic performance.
AB  - The effect of differences in image contrast and mean density associated with
      Kodak Ektaspeed and Ultraspeed films was examined in association with systematic
      variations in exposure geometry and beam characteristics. Performance was
      expressed in terms of diagnostic accuracy obtainable by eight dentists who
      attempted to detect a known distribution of induced proximal enamel lesions in a
      radiographic phantom. Differences associated with the two types of film and x-ray
      beam quality were found to have small but statistically significant effects on
      diagnostic performance. The other factors of film density and projection geometry
      influenced diagnostic accuracy much more. The largest source of variation was
      observed among the individual dentists serving as observers.

PMID- 3859816
TI  - Open wide please.

PMID- 3859817
TI  - Foreign body in tongue.

PMID- 3859818
TI  - Diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome.
AB  - A case of Eagle's syndrome is presented. Although the incidence of styloid
      process elongation in the population is fairly common, only a small percentage of
      these patients exhibit symptoms associated with Eagle's syndrome. It is important
      for the dental practitioner to be aware of this anomaly and to understand its
      anatomic basis.

PMID- 3859819
TI  - The sublingual dermoid cyst. Report of five cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Dermoid cysts are commonly found throughout the body. However, they occur only
      rarely in the oral cavity; most commonly they are sublingual. This article
      reviews five cases of sublingual dermoid cyst, which have been the only ones seen
      in the diagnostic indices of the Royal Dental Hospital, Leicester Square, the
      Middlesex Hospital, and Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead.

PMID- 3859820
TI  - Serum antibody responses to indigenous oral mucosal antigens and selected
      laboratory-maintained bacteria in recurrent aphthous ulceration.
AB  - Sera from subjects with recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) and control subjects
      were tested for relative levels of IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies against eight
      selected laboratory-maintained bacteria, including Streptococcus sanguis which
      has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of RAU. There were no differences in
      relative serum antibody levels for any isotype against any bacteria between
      control and RAU groups. RAU subjects with active lesions were then paired with
      control subjects, and each serum was tested against sedimentable material derived
      from the oral mucosa of each pair member. The analysis of data indicated that RAU
      and control subjects had similar levels of serum antibodies to indigenous mucosal
      antigens, but RAU subjects had significantly less antigenic material than control
      subjects.

PMID- 3859821
TI  - An unusual presentation of opalescent dentin and Brandywine isolate hereditary
      opalescent dentin in an Ashkenazic Jewish family.
AB  - Two children of Austrian Ashkenazic Jewish background, related as second cousins,
      have a variant of opalescent dentin in their deciduous teeth. This has been
      classified by Witkop as Brandywine isolate hereditary opalescent dentin and by
      Shields as dentinogenesis imperfecta type III. One of the children also has
      dysmorphic facial features, seizures, and severe mental retardation. Her mother
      has dysmorphic facial features and mild mental retardation. The mothers of both
      children and several other family members have classic opalescent dentin
      (dentinogenesis imperfecta type II). Radiographs of the deciduous and permanent
      dentitions of one mother showed obliterated pulp chambers. Confirmation of
      obliterated pulp chambers in the deciduous teeth of the mother of a child with
      Brandywine isolate hereditary opalescent dentin makes it unlikely that classic
      opalescent dentin and Brandywine isolate hereditary opalescent dentin are
      separate genetic disorders. Evidence from this family supports the hypothesis
      that Brandywine isolate hereditary opalescent dentin is a variant of opalescent
      dentin.

PMID- 3859822
TI  - The traumatic bone cyst: a new dimension.
AB  - A case of an unusually large traumatic bone cyst of previously unreported size
      and location is presented. The presence of the cyst 5 years before its current
      discovery was confirmed on previous radiographs. This aggressive traumatic bone
      cyst adds another dimension to the usual course of this lesion.

PMID- 3859823
TI  - Intraoral benign mesenchymoma.
AB  - Benign mesenchymoma is a tumor composed of two or more benign mesenchymal
      elements in addition to fibrous connective tissue. A case of benign mesenchymoma
      of the lip in a 38-year-old man is presented, and the literature is reviewed.

PMID- 3859824
TI  - Chondrosarcoma metastatic to the oral cavity.
AB  - Metastases to the oral cavity from nonoral malignant lesions occur rarely. We
      report the case of a woman with chondrosarcoma of the pelvis in whom gingival
      metastases, in addition to pulmonary, skin, and brain metastases, developed.
      Clinical course, x-ray correlation, histopathologic review, and treatment
      modalities are described. The six previously reported cases of chondrosarcoma
      metastatic to the oral cavity are tabulated and analyzed. Metastases should be
      included in the differential diagnosis of gingival lesions in patients with prior
      or current nonoral malignant tumors.

PMID- 3859825
TI  - Effects of vitamin E dietary supplements on the exposed dental pulp in rats.
AB  - Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two equal groups, control
      (Group 1) and experimental (Group 2). Group 2 received 100 mg of dl-alpha
      tocopherol acetate (vitamin E) twice weekly by the oral route. After 2 weeks the
      animals in both groups were subjected to pulp exposures that were capped with
      zinc oxide and eugenol and to pulp exposures that were left open. The oral
      administration of 100 mg dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate in the Group 2 animals was
      continued for periods of 1 day to 4 weeks after the operative procedures. The
      animals were killed 1 day, 3 days, and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the procedures.
      The most severe, prolonged, and extensive pulpal disease was seen in both groups
      when the pulp exposure was left open to the oral flora. The most favorable repair
      and healing results took place after 1, 2, and 4 weeks in the Group 2 animals in
      pulp exposures covered with zinc oxide and eugenol.

PMID- 3859826
TI  - Abscess formation induced in rabbits with bacteria-filled subcutaneous implants
      that simulate the infected dental root canal.
AB  - Short-term and semi-long-term tissue reactions to a mixture of "endodontopathic"
      bacteria are described. The bacteria are enclosed in experimental implant tubes
      simulating some aspects of the infected dental pulp. Localized abscesses develop
      in response to mixed bacterial contents of the implants. No abscess formation
      occurred with pure cultures (that is, either component of the mixture).
      Pathogenic inocula attract leukocytes to the adjacent tissues, which become
      inflamed and cause influx of leukocytes into the lumen of the implant proper.

PMID- 3859827
TI  - Absorbed doses from temporomandibular joint radiography.
AB  - Thermoluminescent dosimeters were used in a tissue-equivalent phantom to measure
      doses of radiation absorbed by various structures in the head when the
      temporomandibular joint was examined by four different radiographic techniques-
      the transcranial, transorbital, and sigmoid notch (Parma) projections and the
      lateral tomograph. The highest doses of radiation occurred at the point of entry
      for the x-ray beam, ranging from 112 mrad for the transorbital view to 990 mrad
      for the sigmoid notch view. Only the transorbital projection a radiation dose to
      the lens of the eye. Of the four techniques evaluated, the lateral tomograph
      produced the highest doses to the pituitary gland and the bone marrow, while the
      sigmoid notch radiograph produced the highest doses to the parotid gland.

PMID- 3859828
TI  - Modification designed to improve instruction in intraoral dental radiography.
AB  - A modification of the Rinn Snap-A-Ray film-holding device which facilitates more
      accurate visual alignment of cone and film is described. A double-blind study was
      undertaken to evaluate the modified instrument as compared to the standard
      instrument. The results indicated a reduction in the number of errors of all
      types by the modified instrument. The greatest reduction was observed in cone
      cutting errors.

PMID- 3859829
TI  - A new positioning device for extraoral radiography with conventional dental x-ray
      machines.
AB  - Conventional dental periapical x-ray machines are frequently used for taking
      extraoral radiographs. Such views as the anteroposterior, lateral skull, oblique,
      Caldwell, Waters, etc. require large focus-to-film distances. A positioning
      device that makes long-distance positioning easy and foolproof has been
      developed. This eliminates undesirable repetition and therefore reduces
      unnecessary exposure of the patient.

PMID- 3859830
TI  - Factitious rhinolith.

PMID- 3859832
TI  - [The role of neutropenia in bacterial infections in children with malignant
      diseases under cytostatic therapy].

PMID- 3859831
TI  - Fracture of the hyoid bone: an unusual case.

PMID- 3859833
TI  - [Monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis of acute leukemia].

PMID- 3859834
TI  - [Active nonspecific immunotherapy with the fungus cell wall polysaccharide
      "mannozym" in acute lymphatic leukemia in childhood].

PMID- 3859835
TI  - Suggested guidelines for asepsis in root canal therapy.

PMID- 3859836
TI  - The odontogenic keratocyst in a lateral periodontal location: a case report.

PMID- 3859837
TI  - Human X chromosome markers and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Two DNA markers, a random DNA fragment 754 and the cDNA sequence encoding the
      gene for ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) have been studied in kindreds
      segregating for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. 754 and OTC are located close
      physically to the mutation in the region Xp21 below the breakpoints in two
      Duchenne females. The genetic distance was found to be approximately 10cM between
      754 and DMD (two crossovers in 26 meioses) and to be approximately 10cM between
      OTC and DMD (two crossovers in 26 meioses). Physical data suggest the order DMD
      754-OTC. The frequency of recombination compared to physical distance between
      these markers and DMD suggests that there may be a hot spot of recombination. The
      relevance of these observations for the isolation of the DMD mutation and
      clinical use of these probes is discussed.

PMID- 3859839
TI  - [Hypercalcemia in cancer].

PMID- 3859838
TI  - Minichromosome assembly of non-integrated plasmid DNA transfected into mammalian
      cells.
AB  - The nucleoprotein structures formed on various plasmid expression vectors
      transfected into mammalian cells by both the calcium phosphate and DEAE-dextran
      methods have been studied. We demonstrate by a variety of means that mammalian
      cells are capable of rapidly assembling non-integrated circular plasmids (both
      replicating and non-replicating) into typical "minichromosomes" containing
      nucleosomes with a 190 bp repetitive spacing. Treatment of recipient cells with
      sodium butyrate for a short period of time (12-16 h) immediately following
      transfection markedly increased the DNase I digestion sensitivity of the newly
      assembled plasmid chromatin. Furthermore, minichromosomes isolated from such
      butyrate-treated cells are depleted in histone H1 and contain highly acetylated
      forms of histone H4. These findings are entirely consistent with our earlier
      speculation (Gorman et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 1044; 1983) that appropriate
      butyrate treatment might stimulate transient expression of newly transfected
      genes by facilitating their assembly into an "active" type of chromatin
      structure.

PMID- 3859840
TI  - The changing role of endodontics and orthodontics in the management of
      traumatically intruded permanent incisors.

PMID- 3859842
TI  - Effect of premature loss of primary maxillary incisors on speech.

PMID- 3859841
TI  - Self-management versus parental involvement to increase children's compliance
      with home fluoride mouthrinsing.

PMID- 3859843
TI  - Evaluation of a one-appointment formocresol pulpectomy technique for primary
      molars.

PMID- 3859844
TI  - Solitary maxillary central incisor: clinical report.

PMID- 3859845
TI  - A very delayed developing premolar: clinical report.

PMID- 3859846
TI  - Childhood odontogenic myxoma: report of two cases.

PMID- 3859847
TI  - Primary molar shattered by a BB: clinical report.

PMID- 3859848
TI  - Composite restorations for primary molars: two-year results.

PMID- 3859849
TI  - Dental health beliefs and practices in a group of Thai villagers.

PMID- 3859850
TI  - [Dental anomalies as proof of population migration or the unity of the human
      race].

PMID- 3859851
TI  - Dentistry in the developing countries (Africa)--a study.

PMID- 3859852
TI  - Problems encountered in evaluating the community dental service.

PMID- 3859853
TI  - Periodontal health of an isolated tribe in the Cameroons.

PMID- 3859854
TI  - [Origins, customs and social relations related to betel chewing].

PMID- 3859855
TI  - [Does the antibacterial activity of chewing tobacco from Madagascar justify its
      use against dental caries?].

PMID- 3859856
TI  - [Do we treat root canals properly?].

PMID- 3859857
TI  - [Patefaction--a surgical treatment method for impacted teeth].

PMID- 3859858
TI  - [Troublesome teeth in ambulatory care].

PMID- 3859859
TI  - [Clinical experiences in the prevention of alveolitis after administration of
      Apernyl, Pharodoran and Traumacel D].

PMID- 3859860
TI  - [Experiences in the ambulatory care of patients with malignant tumors of the
      maxillo-facial region in the Kolin district 1963-1983].

PMID- 3859861
TI  - [Evaluation of the material Vivadent Keratit using SEM].

PMID- 3859862
TI  - [The neoformation of the vestibule after thermal injuries to the lips at an early
      age].

PMID- 3859863
TI  - [Sarcoidosis of the oral cavity].

PMID- 3859864
TI  - [Coxsackie virus infections and clinical manifestations in the oral cavity].

PMID- 3859865
TI  - Stabilization of higher-valent states of iron porphyrin by hydroxide and
      methoxide ligands: electrochemical generation of iron(IV)-oxo porphyrins.
AB  - An electrochemical study of hydroxide- and methoxide-ligated iron(III)
      tetraphenylporphyrins possessing ortho-phenyl substituents that block mu-oxo
      dimer formation has been carried out. Ligation by these strongly basic oxyanions
      promotes the formation of iron(IV)-oxo porphyrins upon one-electron oxidation.
      Further one-electron oxidation of the latter provides the iron(IV)-oxo porphyrin
      pi-cation radical. These results are discussed in terms of chemical model studies
      and the enzymatic intermediate compounds I and II of the peroxidases.

PMID- 3859866
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to an interferon-induced Mr 68,000 protein and their use
      for the detection of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase in human cells.
AB  - Extracts from interferon-treated human cells show an enhanced level of a double
      stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activity that is manifested by the
      phosphorylation of an endogenous Mr 69,000-72,000 protein in its phosphate
      saturated state. By using a highly purified protein kinase fraction from
      interferon-treated human Daudi cells, we can now describe the preparation of
      murine monoclonal antibodies directed against this phosphoprotein, the Mr of
      which in its native state is found to be 68,000. These monoclonal antibodies
      (class IgG1) can identify the electrophoresed protein (p68) in polyacrylamide
      gels by the electrophoretic transfer blotting technique. Immunoprecipitates
      formed after incubation of extracts from interferon-treated human cells with the
      monoclonal antibodies can be conveniently recovered by protein A-Sepharose. Such
      immune complex preparations have associated protein kinase activity--i.e.,
      addition of [gamma-32P]ATP results in the phosphorylation of p68 and added
      substrates, calf thymus histone, and eukaryotic initiation factor 2. Immune
      complex preparations from [35S]methionine-labeled extracts show the specific
      immunoprecipitation of p68. In addition, several other [35S]methionine-labeled
      proteins are bound unspecifically in these immune complexes prepared under
      similar experimental conditions as for the assay of protein kinase activity.
      These unspecifically bound proteins can be washed out by using a buffer
      containing detergents or high concentrations of KCl and magnesium acetate. Immune
      complex preparations washed similarly with these buffers still retain p68 but
      lose their capacity to phosphorylate p68 or exogenous substrates. These results
      indicate that p68 by itself has no protein kinase activity. The induction of
      [35S]methionine-labeled p68 in Daudi cells occurs with as little as 1 unit of
      human alpha interferon, with maximal synthesis between 6 to 9 hr after the
      addition of interferon. Actinomycin D blocks this induction.

PMID- 3859867
TI  - Isolation and characterization of two fractions from HeLa cells required for mRNA
      splicing in vitro.
AB  - A nuclear extract from HeLa cells has been separated by DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography into two fractions, both of which are required for mRNA splicing
      in vitro. Both fractions are heat labile and sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide. The
      activity of one of the fractions was abolished by preincubation with micrococcal
      nuclease, while the other fraction was unaffected by this treatment. This
      abolition indicates an essential nucleic acid component. Fractions I and II are
      required for the in vitro splicing of human beta-globin and adenovirus
      transcripts.

PMID- 3859869
TI  - Theoretical problems related to the attachment of microtubules to kinetochores.
AB  - A possible model is analyzed for the maintenance of attachment of a shortening
      microtubule (MT) to a kinetochore. In this model it is assumed that a MT is
      inserted and held in a sleeve or channel of the outer layer of a kinetochore
      while subunits are lost from the MT tip through the central layer of the
      kinetochore. A second problem considered is the elementary bioenergetics of MT
      growth and shortening, as associated with the presence or absence of a GTP cap on
      the MT ends. The free-energy source is the hydrolysis of GTP in solution. The
      third problem discussed is the kinetics of capture of a centrosomal MT by a
      target (e.g., a kinetochore).

PMID- 3859868
TI  - Identification of proliferin mRNA and protein in mouse placenta.
AB  - Proliferin is a recently described, prolactin-related protein whose mRNA appears
      in several murine cell lines during active growth. We have surveyed a number of
      mouse organs or tissues for the presence of mRNAs that hybridize to cloned
      proliferin cDNA. Of the tissues tested, only the placenta yielded proliferin
      related mRNA. This placental RNA is about 1 kilobase in length, increases sharply
      between days 8 and 10 of pregnancy, and then gradually declines through day 18.
      It is more abundant in RNA extracted from the fetal, compared to the maternal,
      part of the placenta. From a cDNA plasmid library prepared from poly(A)+
      placental RNA, two types of proliferin-related clones were isolated, differing in
      intensity of hybridization to proliferin cDNA. By nucleotide sequence analysis, a
      strongly hybridizing clone was found to be nearly identical to the proliferin
      cDNA clone isolated from a library prepared from mRNA of a growing mouse
      fibroblastic cell line. Using an antiserum prepared against a synthetic
      proliferin fusion protein, we show that proliferin is secreted as a glycoprotein
      by minced placental tissue and that it differs from mouse placental lactogen. We
      conclude that proliferin is a placental hormone that is synthesized in certain
      mouse cell lines during active growth. Its function during pregnancy and during
      the growth of cultured cells is presently unknown.

PMID- 3859870
TI  - Induction of heat shock and stress proteins in promastigotes of three Leishmania
      species.
AB  - The induction of heat shock proteins in three species of Leishmania, L. tropica,
      L. enrietti, and L. donovani is reported. When cultures of promastigotes are
      shifted from 26 degrees C to 37 degrees C or 40 degrees C, the synthesis of
      proteins with apparent molecular weights of 88,000, 74,000, and 54,000 is
      stimulated. Actinomycin D added just prior to the shift prevented the appearance
      of these proteins but had no effect when present 30 min after the transfer
      onward, suggesting that the regulation of leishmanial heat shock proteins occurs
      at the transcriptional level. Exposure of L. tropica promastigotes to sodium
      arsenite elicits the synthesis of three major and four minor polypeptides. Their
      apparent molecular weights are, respectively, 94,000, 78,000, and 56,000 and
      70,000, 45,000, 22,000, and 18,000. The response of Leishmania organisms to heat
      shock and to sodium arsenite is similar to that of other organisms, but some of
      the proteins identified as stress proteins in the parasite differ in size. The
      heat shock proteins might play a role in cytodifferentiation during the life
      cycle of the parasite and also in cellular adaptation to higher temperatures.

PMID- 3859872
TI  - Influence of dendritic cells on tumor growth.
AB  - Dendritic cells (DC) exposed to antigen are potent initiators of immune
      responses, and the numbers of DC and the dose of antigen control the level of
      response. The influence of these variables was tested on the growth of mouse
      sarcoma cells in vivo. When normal syngeneic DC (100,000) were given to mice with
      palpable tumors, tumor regression or delay in tumor growth was obtained. DC
      exposed to increasing doses of tumor extract in vitro before administration had
      progressively less effect. DC exposed to antigen delayed tumor growth
      significantly only when given on the same day as 500 tumor cells. The studies
      suggested that low doses of antigen on DC elicit immune responses and that high
      doses block them. The numbers of antigen-presenting cells and the dose of antigen
      modulate the degree of immunity to mouse sarcoma in vivo.

PMID- 3859871
TI  - Cell-cycle-specific genes differentially expressed in human leukemias.
AB  - Three cDNA clones isolated from Syrian hamster cells (p4F1, p2F1, and p2A9)
      contain sequences that are preferentially expressed in the G1 phase of the cell
      cycle. The expression of these sequences was investigated in human peripheral
      blood cells from normal individuals and from patients with leukemia. The
      expression of p4F1 and p2F1 is clearly dependent on the cell cycle in peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells stimulated to proliferate with phytohemagglutinin; the
      p2A9 sequences cannot be clearly detected in human lymphocytes but are expressed
      in a cell-cycle-dependent manner in human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38). These
      genes also show different levels of expression in lymphoid and myeloid leukemias.
      The highest level of expression for p2A9 is found in patients with chronic
      myelogenous leukemia, and the lowest in patients with chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia. For p2F1 and p4F1, the highest levels of expression are found in
      chronic and acute myelogenous leukemia. At least two other cell-cycle genes are
      not expressed at detectable levels in human leukemias. These findings suggest
      that the activation of cell-division-cycle genes might contribute, like cellular
      oncogenes, to the phenotype of human malignancies and that, perhaps, new
      oncogenes could be found by identifying and isolating genes whose expression is
      dependent on the cell cycle.

PMID- 3859873
TI  - Biochemical rationale and the cardiac response of patients with muscle disease to
      therapy with coenzyme Q10.
AB  - Cardiac disease is commonly associated with virtually every form of muscular
      dystrophy and myopathy. A double-blind and open crossover trial on the oral
      administration of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) to 12 patients with progressive muscular
      dystrophies and neurogenic atrophies was conducted. These diseases included the
      Duchenne, Becker, and limb-girdle dystrophies, myotonic dystrophy, Charcot-Marie
      Tooth disease, and Welander disease. The impaired cardiac function was
      noninvasively and extensively monitored by impedance cardiography. Solely by
      significant change or no change in stroke volume and cardiac output, all 8
      patients on blind CoQ10 and all 4 on blind placebo were correctly assigned (P
      less than 0.003). After the limited 3-month trial, improved physical well-being
      was observed for 4/8 treated patients and for 0/4 placebo patients; of the
      latter, 3/4 improved on CoQ10; 2/8 patients resigned before crossover; 5/6 on
      CoQ10 in crossover maintained improved cardiac function; 1/6 crossed over from
      CoQ10 to placebo relapsed. The rationale of this trial was based on known
      mitochondrial myopathies, which involve respiratory enzymes, the known presence
      of CoQ10 in respiration, and prior clinical data on CoQ10 and dystrophy. These
      results indicate that the impaired myocardial function of such patients with
      muscular disease may have some association with impaired function of skeletal
      muscle, both of which may be improved by CoQ10 therapy. The cardiac improvement
      was definitely positive. The improvement in well-being was subjective, but
      probably real. Likely, CoQ10 does not alter genetic defects but can benefit the
      sequelae of mitochondrial impairment from such defects. CoQ10 is the only known
      substance that offers a safe and improved quality of life for such patients
      having muscle disease, and it is based on intrinsic bioenergetics.

PMID- 3859874
TI  - Anatomical correlates of the distribution of the pathological changes in the
      neocortex in Alzheimer disease.
AB  - The numbers and distribution of the neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques
      have been determined in several areas of the neocortex in brains affected by
      various degrees of severity of Alzheimer disease. The homotypical cortex of the
      "association" areas of the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes are severely
      involved, whereas the motor, somatic sensory, and primary visual areas are
      virtually unaffected. The neurofibrillary tangles are mainly in the supra- and
      infragranular layers, particularly in layers III and V. In all areas except area
      18 in the occipital lobe, there are approximately twice as many tangles in layer
      V as in layer III. The tangles are arranged in definite clusters, and those in
      the supra- and infragranular layers are in register. The neuritic plaques occur
      in all layers but predominantly affect layers II and III and do not show
      clustering. These data on the severity of the pathological involvement in
      different areas of the neocortex and the laminar distribution and the clustering
      of the tangles support the suggestion that the pathological changes in Alzheimer
      disease affect regions that are interconnected by well-defined groups of
      connections and that the disease process may extend along the connecting fibers.
      The invariable and severe involvement of the olfactory areas of the brain in this
      disease is in striking contrast to the minimal changes in the somatic sensory and
      primary visual areas and raises the possibility that the olfactory pathway may be
      initially involved.

PMID- 3859877
TI  - Plasma 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 in sick preterm neonates.
AB  - To determine if vascular abnormalities in preterm neonates might be related to
      vasoactive prostaglandins, stable prostacyclin (6-KPGF1 alpha) and thromboxane A2
      (T X B2) metabolites in arterial blood were measured at less than or equal to 6
      hours after birth and at 24, 48, and 72 hours using a radioimmunoassay. Neonates
      of less than 32 weeks gestation (N = 26) were diagnosed as having either the
      idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS, N = 15) or pulmonary edema (PE, N
      = 11), and were also grouped according to the presence or absence of intracranial
      hemorrhage (ICH, N = 11) or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA, N = 10). Initial
      plasma 6-KPGF1 alpha was greater in neonates with ICH (0.23 +/- 0.04 ng/ml, mean
      +/- SE) than without ICH (0.11 +/- 0.04, p less than 0.05). Neonates with both
      ICH and IRDS (N = 8) had significantly elevated T X B2 at all sampling times
      compared to neonates with IRDS and no ICH (N = 7). Both T X B2 and 6-KPGF1 alpha
      increased with time in those with major ICH. Among neonates without ICH, 7 with
      IRDS had higher initial 6-KPGF1 alpha (0.19 +/- 0.07 ng/ml) and lower T X B2
      (0.15 +/- 0.04 ng/ml) than 8 with PE (0.04 +/- 0.01 and 0.37 +/- 0.09 ng/ml,
      respectively). The initial 6-KPGF1 alpha (0.024 + 0.003 ng/ml), measured in
      neonates with PE and without PDA or ICH (N = 6), was significantly less than the
      corresponding value in the other neonates (0.201 +/- 0.036 ng/ml) (N = 20).

PMID- 3859875
TI  - Alpha and beta human transforming growth factors stimulate prostaglandin
      production and bone resorption in cultured mouse calvaria.
AB  - Human alpha and beta transforming growth factors (TGF-alpha and TGF-beta)
      stimulated the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and bone resorption in
      neonatal mouse calvaria in organ culture. Significant stimulation of bone
      resorption by TGF-alpha was observed with a concentration of 0.2 ng/ml (35 pM)
      and by TGF-beta with 0.2 ng/ml (8.0 pM). Enhanced production of PGE2 and bone
      resorption stimulated by either TGF-alpha or TGF-beta were both inhibited by
      indomethacin. We conclude that TGF-alpha and TGF-beta are potent and powerful
      stimulators of the resorption of mouse bone by a mechanism that involves the
      enhanced local production of PGE2.

PMID- 3859876
TI  - Evidence for active synapse formation or altered postsynaptic metabolism in
      visual cortex of rats reared in complex environments.
AB  - Animals placed in complex environments develop greater numbers of visual cortex
      synapses per neuron than animals housed in standard cages. Increased numbers of
      synapses could theoretically arise from (i) active formation of new synapses, or
      (ii) selective stabilization of constitutively produced synapses. The
      postsynaptic location of polyribosomal aggregates appears to be an indicator of
      newly forming synapses. In developmental synaptogenesis and adult reactive (to
      injury) synaptogenesis, polyribosomes are more frequently found at spine synapses
      and are more likely to appear in the spine head and stem. In the visual cortex of
      rats from complex environments, there was a greater frequency of spine synapses
      associated with polyribosomes, relative to rats from individual or group cages.
      Furthermore, a greater percentage of these spines had polyribosomes in the head
      and stem region. This suggests that synapses in this region may be actively
      induced by neural activity arising from the complex environment experience.

PMID- 3859878
TI  - Zinc and vascular reactivity in rat mesenteric vessels: possible altered dihomo
      gamma-linolenic acid metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Zinc at a concentration of 0.4 microgram/ml potentiated pressor responses to
      norepinephrine in isolated perfused mesenteric vessels of SHR and WKY. At a
      higher concentration, 3.2 micrograms/ml, it inhibited responses to norepinephrine
      in WKY but produced no such inhibition in SHR. However, a transient potentiation
      was observed in SHR with the higher concentration. Pressor responses to potassium
      in WKY were not affected by zinc at either concentration. In SHR, however, the
      higher dose of zinc inhibited pressor responses to potassium. The low dose had no
      effect. Since effects of zinc may be mediated by release of DGLA, we suggest that
      in SHR DGLA release may be impaired.

PMID- 3859879
TI  - The 5HT2 antagonist pirenperone reverses disruption of FR-40 by hallucinogenic
      drugs.
AB  - Indolealkylamine and phenethylamine hallucinogens disrupted responding maintained
      under a fixed-ratio 40 (FR-40) schedule of reinforcement. LSD, DMT, mescaline and
      DOM produced dose-dependent decreases in number of reinforcers and increases in
      10-sec periods of non-responding (pause-intervals). The 5HT agonist quipazine, as
      well as the LSD congener lisuride, altered response patterns in a similar manner.
      The effects of these drugs were examined after pretreatment with pirenperone, an
      antagonist with specificity toward the 5HT2 receptor with reference to the 5HT1
      receptor. The dose-response curves for the phenethylamine hallucinogens were
      shifted significantly to the right and to a greater degree than were those for
      the indolealkylamine hallucinogens. Pirenperone also antagonized the effects of
      quipazine to a degree similar to that observed with the phenethylamine-type
      hallucinogens. Pirenperone did not significantly shift the dose-response pattern
      to lisuride. These data suggest that the behavioral disruption induced by these
      hallucinogens and quipazine relates at least in part to an effect on 5HT2
      receptors, while the effects of lisuride do not involve a significant interaction
      at the 5HT2 receptor.

PMID- 3859880
TI  - Elevated plasma homovanillic acid in depressed females with melancholia and
      psychosis.
AB  - Plasma free homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG)
      were measured before drug treatment in 29 patients diagnosed as having major
      depression with melancholia and in 18 control subjects. Plasma HVA was
      significantly elevated in the total group of female melancholic patients when
      compared with female controls or male melancholics. Most female patients with
      psychotic melancholia had elevated HVA levels. These differences were not found
      in male patients. No significant differences were found for plasma MHPG.

PMID- 3859881
TI  - Does unilateral dopamine deficit contribute to depression?
AB  - A system of emotional control of behavior is believed to be lateralized to the
      right hemisphere. Given that dopaminergic pathways are involved in affective
      behavior, depression, which is recognized as an integral part of Parkinson's
      disease, may be associated with a dopamine imbalance. The present study examined
      this hypothesis in patients with unilateral symptomatology indicating either left
      hemisphere parkinsonism (LHP) or right hemisphere parkinsonism (RHP). Sixteen
      patients were tested on a battery of neuropsychological tests and several scales
      for evaluating mood. The two groups did not differ significantly on either
      cognitive or emotional measures. However, RHP patients rated themselves higher on
      the Present Scale of Cantril, and showed some neglect of the left visual field,
      as compared to LHP patients.

PMID- 3859882
TI  - Metabolic and endocrine indices of starvation in bulimia: a comparison with
      anorexia nervosa.
AB  - Fifteen patients with bulimia (DSM-III) and 22 patients with anorexia nervosa (10
      "restricters" and 12 "vomiters") were compared with 24 age- and sex-matched
      healthy controls. Serial blood samples were collected between 8:30 and 9:30 a.m.
      with patients in supine and standing positions. Elevated blood values of beta
      hydroxybutyric acid and free fatty acids were observed in the majority of
      patients with bulimia and anorexia nervosa. These data indicate that many
      patients with bulimia showed the metabolic signs of starvation at the time of the
      study, a finding supported by the symptoms of endocrine adaptation to starvation,
      namely low triiodothyronine and a decreased noradrenaline response to an
      orthostatic test in many of these patients.

PMID- 3859883
TI  - Smooth pursuit eye tracking, neuropsychological test performance, and computed
      tomography in schizophrenia.
AB  - Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) were measured in 18 patients who met Research
      Diagnostic Criteria for schizophrenia. Some degree of SPEM impairment was present
      in most patients. Deviant eye tracking was not related to ratings of severity of
      illness, but was related to recurrent episodes of hospitalization, antipsychotic
      medication, and lower ratings in anxiety and delusions. Worse SPEM tended to be
      associated with larger lateral ventricles as assessed on computed tomography.
      Three patients with reversed occipital asymmetry had more deviant eye tracking
      than the remaining patients. Eye movement impairment was related to worse
      performance in Finger Tapping and in the Trail-Making Test, and to fewer
      perceived alternations of a Necker cube, suggesting that frontoparietal
      disturbances are related to poor pursuit eye tracking in schizophrenia.

PMID- 3859884
TI  - Patterns of urinary excretion among patients with self-induced water intoxication
      and psychosis.
AB  - Parameters of water metabolism were measured serially in nine patients with the
      syndrome of self-induced water intoxication and psychosis (SIWIP). Clinical and
      laboratory findings indicated that SIWIP patients are type A of the syndrome of
      inappropriate antidiuresis. Estimated 24-hour urinary excretion of creatinine and
      early morning urinary creatinine concentration measurements were used to
      calculate 24-hour urine volumes. Polyuria was considered present for male
      patients when excretion was estimated to be greater than 2,600 ml of urine/24
      hours or early morning urinary specific gravity was less than or equal to 1.003.
      Male patients with a specific gravity of less than or equal to 1.003 predictably
      excreted 28,000 ml of urine/day. Severe hyposthenuria may be a biological marker
      for a population at risk to develop complications of SIWIP, including seizures,
      coma, and death.

PMID- 3859885
TI  - Cortisol response to morphine and the DST.

PMID- 3859887
TI  - Periodontics 1985--reflections and projections.

PMID- 3859886
TI  - Amyloidotic polyneuropathy in a Jewish family. Evidence for the genetic
      heterogeneity of the lower limb familial amyloidotic neuropathies.
AB  - The first instance of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy affecting a Jewish
      family is reported. Vitreous opacities were its presenting feature in the father
      at age 30 and the son at 25. Severe autonomic dysfunction and progressive
      peripheral neuropathy affecting initially the lower extremities soon followed.
      Death, suicidal in the son, occurred after seven and four years of illness. Their
      amyloid contained three proteins-an entire variant monomer of prealbumin, glycine
      replacing threonine as residue 49, and both products of its cleavage at the point
      of substitution. Lower limb familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy has been recorded
      in many families in Portugal, Sweden and Japan and occasionally in families of
      various ethnic stocks. This ethnic diversity prompts consideration of genetic
      heterogeneity. Differentiation on a genetic basis is forestalled since all
      pedigrees are compatible with autosomal dominant transmission and clinical data
      are marred by observer variance, even regarding vitreous opacities.
      Notwithstanding, an isolated British family is unique in the frequent occurrence
      of intractable peptic ulceration, cataracts, deafness and renal disease not
      attributable to amyloidosis and a striking predominance of males afflicted.
      Biochemically, monomeric prealbumin has been demonstrated by electrophoretic and
      immunologic techniques as the single protein constituent of amyloids isolated
      from Portuguese, Japanese and Swedish patients. The variant prealbumin of
      Japanese amyloid is characterised by methionine replacing valine as residue 30
      and is identical to that found in plasma (but not as yet in amyloid) of affected
      Swedes. These limited data suggest that: (a) derivation of their amyloids from
      prealbumin is the biochemical common denominator of lower limb familial
      amyloidotic neuropathies regardless of the ethnic derivation of the afflicted;
      (b) to the extent that ethnic diversity reflects genetic heterogeneity, this will
      be demonstrable in the amyloid (and hopefully in the plasma) of the afflicted as
      entity-specific variant prealbumin monomers distinguished by different single
      amino acid substitutions; (c) on clinical and biochemical grounds, lower limb
      familial amyloidotic neuropathies include at least three genetic entities. In the
      upper limb and facial forms of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy first recorded
      in Swiss and Finns respectively, the differences in their patterns of
      neurological disease and ocular lesions could be the result of their amyloids
      deriving from proteins other than prealbumin.

PMID- 3859888
TI  - A clinical trial of a new visible light-cured composite restorative-- initial
      findings and one-year results.

PMID- 3859889
TI  - Endodontic treatment of bifurcated mandibular premolars.

PMID- 3859890
TI  - Formation of prostaglandins by ovarian carcinomas.
AB  - Tissue contents of prostaglandins (PG) PGE2, PGE2a and 6-keto-PGF1a (degradation
      product of PGI2) were determined in specimens of advanced human ovarian cancer (n
      = 11). The PG levels (ng/mg tissue protein) varied widley: PGE2 17-515; PGF2a 2
      43 and 6-keto-PGF1a 5-105. Tumors of patients without response to chemotherapy
      contained more PGE2, PGF2a and 6-keto-PGF1a than did tumors responding to
      chemotherapy. PG production was investigated in two ovarian carcinoma-derived
      cell lines. The ability of these cells to synthesize PG varied depending on the
      cell density. An increase of cell number was associated with a decrease of PG
      yield. PG formation was inhibited by indomethacin in a concentration-dependent
      manner. The present study suggests that ovarian carcinoma cells form PG in vivo
      and vitro.

PMID- 3859891
TI  - The effect of dietary alteration of prostaglandin synthesis on blood pressure and
      the reversal of hypertension in the one-kidney, one-clip rat.
AB  - This study examined the effect of diet-induced changes in prostaglandin synthesis
      on systolic blood pressure in one-kidney, one clip (1k, 1C) hypertensive rats and
      on the fall in blood pressure after unclipping. It tested the hypothesis that
      inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis exacerbates hypertension in this model and
      prevents complete reversal after unclipping. Rats with sustained hypertension
      within 8 weeks of renal artery clipping were fed synthetic diets supplemented to
      20% of total energy with either safflower oil (linoleic acid) or a mixture of cod
      liver oil (90%) (containing eicosapentaenoic acid) and linseed oil (10%)
      (containing linolenic acid) for 4 weeks. The latter oil mixture resulted in a
      predictable reduction in kidney PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha (hydrolysis product of
      PGI2), aortic 6-keto PGF1 alpha and serum TXB2. However, at the end of 4 weeks
      dietary treatment there were no differences in systolic blood pressure between
      the two diet groups, and the blood pressure fall 24 hours after unclipping was
      similar. These findings therefore do not support a role for prostanoids in the
      maintenance or reversal of 1K, 1C hypertension.

PMID- 3859892
TI  - Age-, cycle- and topographic dependency of human myometrial prostaglandin (6-keto
      PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha)-synthesis in vitro.
AB  - Specimens of human myometrium (isthmus and fundus) freshly obtained at
      hysterectomy were immediately transferred in ice cold Tyrode solution and placed
      in superfusion chambers. Spontaneous contractions were recorded, the effluent of
      the myometrium was analyzed for PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by use of
      specific radioimmunoassay systems. Dating of the menstrual cycle was achieved by
      histological evaluation of the endometrium. The PG release rates expressed as
      ng/min/g wet weight were correlated to the patients age and to the phase of the
      menstrual cycle. The production rates of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were negatively
      correlated to the age of the patients and declined in fundus specimens from 2.89
      +/- 0.35 ng/min/g wet weight in 39-42 years old patients to 0.52 +/- 0.17
      ng/min/g wet weight in 48-52 years old women during the secretory phase (p less
      than 0.001). Similar significant correlations were found in specimens obtained
      from the isthmus uteri. During the proliferative phase fundus specimens produced
      on average 1.61 +/- 0.67 ng/min/g wet weight in 39-42 years old patients and 0.49
      +/- 0.12 ng/min/g wet weight 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in 48-52 years old women
      respectively (p les than 0.001). The PGF2 alpha synthesis in myometrial specimens
      of fundus or isthmus origin was significantly lower than 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and
      did not correlate to the age of the patients during the proliferative phase.
      However, PGF2 alpha release rates during the secretory phase were significantly
      (p less than 0.001) higher in younger women. These results suggest an age-, cycle
      and topographic dependency of PGI2 synthesis in human myometrial tissue.

PMID- 3859893
TI  - Estradiol -17-beta enhances the formation of (3H)-PGF2 alpha from (3H)-PGE2 in
      the uterus isolated from ovariectomized rats.
AB  - Formation of (3H)-PGF2 alpha and (3H)-13, 14,dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha from (3H)
      PGE2 by the supernatant of uterine homogenates from estrous and ovariectomized
      rats, was studied, using the reaction system PGE2 + NADPH + (3H)-PGE2 +
      supernatant. Enzymatic conversion was lower in uterine supernatants from spayed
      rats than in uterine homogenates of rats at natural estrus. Spayed animals were
      injected with progesterone (P) or with estradiol-17-beta (Eo) at a dose of 1.0 or
      50.0 micrograms. Conversion of (3H)-PGF2 alpha to (3H)-PGE2 or to (3H)-13,
      14,dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha did not differ in control ovariectomized or
      ovariectomized rats receiving P or 1.0 micrograms Eo. However, 50.0 micrograms Eo
      induced a significant conversion after 30 (P less than 0.01) and 60 (P less than
      0.001) min of incubation. It is concluded that Eo, at the 50.0 micrograms dose,
      but not the 1.0 microgram dose of Eo, nor progesterone, stimulated conversion of
      (3H)-PGE2 into (3H)-PGF2 alpha or (3H)-13, 14,dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha,
      presumably through the activity of the enzyme PGE2-9-keto-reductase.

PMID- 3859894
TI  - Prostaglandins or prostaglandin like substances are implicated in normal growth
      and development in oomycetes.
AB  - The prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors aspirin and indomethacin inhibit the
      growth of Achlya caroliniana, A. ambisexualis and Saprolegnia parasitica in a
      dose-related manner. In addition, the inhibitors cause the formation of a
      characteristic asterisk-shaped colony. This abnormal colony morphology does not
      appear to be dependent on medium composition, since three different nitrogen and
      five differentcarbon sources all support the abnormal growth in the presence of
      0.1 mM indomethacin. The abnormal colony morphology is the result of abnormal
      branching. Inhibitor grown colonies are more densely branched than controls, with
      shorter distances between branches. Inhibited colonies allowed to grow for
      greater than ten days escape the inhibition and assume a normal gross colony
      morphology and size, however, they do not reproduce sexually. The addition of 2
      micrograms/ml PGF1 alpha to the growth medium partially overcomes the growth
      inhibition caused by indomethacin. The data suggest a role for prostaglandin or
      prostaglandin-like compounds in oomycete development.

PMID- 3859895
TI  - Abstracts of the Second International Symposium on 'Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
      (VIP) and Related Peptides'. Cap d'Agde, Herault, France, June 18-22, 1985.

PMID- 3859896
TI  - [Determination of radioactive impurities in radiopharmaceuticals containing
      cyclotron-produced radioisotopes].

PMID- 3859897
TI  - [Toothbrushes and the mechanical control of plaque].

PMID- 3859898
TI  - [Hepatic aspergillosis as a complication of acute leukemia].

PMID- 3859899
TI  - Histamine log(dose)-response curves in asthmatics. A comparison between the
      Wiesbadener Doppelinhalator and the De Vilbiss Model 645 nebulizer.
AB  - In 9 asthmatic patients log(dose)-response curves were obtained on 4 successive
      days with the Wiesbadener Doppelinhalator (WDI) and the De Vilbiss (De V) 645
      nebulizer, respectively. log(dose)-response was expressed as a quadratic
      regression equation. From those equations the dose, causing a fall in response
      (FEV1) of 10% of the initial value, was obtained and defined as the provocative
      concentration (PC(10] or sensitivity. Moreover, the reactivity was defined as the
      slope of the linear regression through the steeper part of the curve. Although we
      compared the De V and the WDI log(dose)-response curves after correction for the
      different liquid output, a significantly greater sensitivity was found for the De
      V nebulizer. As to the reactivity, no significant differences were found. The
      difference in sensitivity could perhaps be explained by the fact that, as
      compared with the De V nebulizer, the WDI may cause a larger deposition of
      aerosol on the throat and the pharynx, due to the much greater linear velocity of
      its aerosol jet.

PMID- 3859901
TI  - [Respirators in intensive care].

PMID- 3859900
TI  - [Care of ventilator patients. Monitoring and maintenance of artificial
      respirators].

PMID- 3859902
TI  - Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: case discussion and review.

PMID- 3859903
TI  - Tay-Sachs disease: knowledge and attitudes of the rabbinical community.

PMID- 3859904
TI  - Rhode Island health risk appraisal program in worldwide use.

PMID- 3859905
TI  - [Computerized tomography in the evaluation of neurologic complications of
      preventive therapy of acute lymphatic leukemia].
AB  - The authors examined by means of computed tomography 12 patients with ALL treated
      with radiotherapy combined with cytostatic chemotherapy and presenting clinical
      signs of CNS damage. The CT scan findings are correlated with clinical signs,
      mainly distinguishing between symptoms of either diffuse or focal damage. An
      attempt is made in order to evaluate the possible role of Methotrexate and X-Ray
      therapy in the pathogenesis of the CNS lesions.

PMID- 3859906
TI  - Why did that ventilator alarm go off?

PMID- 3859907
TI  - [Malignant bone tumors of the hip. Anatomo-radiological correlation].
AB  - The anatomo-radiological study was conducted in 6 cases of isolated malignant
      intra-osseous tumours of the hip: 1 osteogenic sarcoma of the femoral head, 1
      supra-acetabular chondrosarcoma, 3 carcinomatous metastases of the femoral head
      (2 predominantly lytic and 1 osteosclerotic), 1 supra-acetabular carcinomatous
      metastasis. This study reveals why, in the early stages of the disease and
      depending on the experience of the observer, the radiological appearance of these
      lesions can be easily confused with those of various conditions frequently seen
      by the rheumatologist. The authors also discuss the interactions of the
      metastases with the biomechanical conditions of the affected bone.

PMID- 3859908
TI  - Intragastric bacterial overgrowth--a possible risk in the long-term treatment of
      peptic ulcer disease. Round table conference, XIIth International Congress of
      Gastroenterology, Lisbon, 21 September, 1984.

PMID- 3859909
TI  - Normal and pathological microbial flora of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - The resting gastric juice of normal adults in north-western Europe usually
      contains less than 10(3) micro-organisms/ml. Gastric sterility in such
      individuals is based on acidity. During meals or after an H2-receptor antagonist,
      gastric pH levels favour microbial growth but gastric emptying and recurrence of
      acid conditions resterilizes the stomach. If gastric pH remains above 4,
      colonization takes place. Studies suggest that gastric pH is normally high, with
      resultant bacterial colonization, in most of Asia, Africa, south and central
      America and, possibly, southern and eastern Europe. The biochemical activity of
      the gastric flora is also pH-dependent. Mucosal colonization occurs only if
      gastric pH is high. The small intestine is normally sterile because bacteria are
      killed by bile or pancreatic enzymes. Overgrowth can occur if there are areas
      inaccessible to these and may have severe metabolic consequences.

PMID- 3859910
TI  - The risk of gastric dysplasia in medical long-term treatment of peptic ulcer
      disease.
AB  - There have been recent findings of gastric cancer in patients treated with
      cimetidine but too soon after treatment for that drug to have had a pathogenetic
      role. Ranitidine has been shown to induce slight changes in the gastric mucosa.
      In 117 patients with gastric ulcer followed-up in some cases for 24 months, five
      cases of cancer were detected, one after more than a year of follow-up. The
      numbers were too small to allow any conclusion to be drawn regarding
      relationships with medication. No significant differences in incidence of gastric
      epithelial dysplasia between control patients and patients treated with
      cimetidine or ranitidine were found. No dysplastic lesions were seen during a
      brief follow-up of 19 duodenal ulcer patients and a few gastric ulcer patients
      treated with pirenzepine but the data is too limited to allow conclusions to be
      drawn.

PMID- 3859911
TI  - Drugs, hormones, integrity and structure of the small bowel and pancreas.
      Proceedings of an international workshop. Bern, Switzerland, 24 October 1984.

PMID- 3859912
TI  - Alcohol and the integrity of the pancreas.
AB  - Alcohol may affect the integrity of the pancreatic parenchyma, as seen in
      alcoholic pancreatitis, some cases of chronic alcoholism without clinical
      pancreatitis, and experimental studies. The composition of pancreatic juice may
      reflect some of these changes. One type of parenchymal alteration is the loss of
      differentiative features of acinar cells, so that they take on the
      characteristics of ductular cells. Concomitant fibrosis completes the formation
      of the tubular complexes found in association with alcoholic chronic
      pancreatitis. Sustained alcohol intake may produce the accumulation of lipid
      droplets in parenchymal cells, some of which may be shown to be within the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum of acinar cells. Epithelial cells may undergo mucous
      metaplasia. The epithelial-basal lamina barrier frequently is breached in the
      area of intraluminal aggregates, with or without obvious inflammation in the
      immediate area. Loss of barrier function may lead to interaction among components
      of the external compartment (lumen) and the internal compartment (stroma).
      Increased levels of blood proteins and glycosaminoglycans in the juice, enzyme
      activation, fibrin formation, and complement activation are potential
      consequences of barrier loss. Increased lactoferrin levels could result in part
      from the activity and degranulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

PMID- 3859913
TI  - Circadian changes of the rat pancreas acinar cell. A quantitative morphological
      investigation.
AB  - The dynamics of the physiologic secretory cycle of the rat pancreatic acinar
      cells along a 24-h span with an alternating 12 : 12 light to dark cycle have been
      quantitated by morphometric methods. Significant circadian changes could be
      detected in cell volume and the volumes and surface areas of secretory granules
      and several organelles involved in the secretory process. During the dark period,
      which is the activity and feeding period, there is a decrease in the size of
      cells and individual zymogen granules as well as in the amount of secretory
      material. This is paralleled by a drop in the number of ribosomes and Golgi
      vesicles (after a transient increase) and a loss of cytoplasmic membranes. Most
      of the cell's zymogen content is refilled during the first hours of the light
      period, when cellular autophagy reaches maximal values.

PMID- 3859914
TI  - Structural and biochemical characterization of maximal and supramaximal hormonal
      stimulation of rat exocrine pancreas.
AB  - To study the regulation of the successive steps along the secretory pathway in
      the rat exocrine pancreas the model of in vivo infusion of synthetic caerulein in
      conscious rats for periods up to 72 h was combined with electron microscopy and
      in vitro analysis of protein synthesis, intracellular protein transport and
      enzyme discharge using isolated pancreatic lobules. Prolonged and maximal
      hormonal stimulation was obtained with 0.25 microgram kg-1 h-1 caerulein and
      resulted in a 80-90% depletion of enzyme stores within 1 to 3 h, followed by
      coordinate and anticoordinate changes in individual rates of (pro-)enzyme
      synthesis after a lag period of 3 h. One group (two amylases) revealed a decrease
      in synthesis to levels about 10-fold lower than controls. A third group of
      proteins (one trypsinogen, lipase, proelastase) did not show changes in synthesis
      with hormone stimulation. The sum of such alterations led to an increase in total
      rate of synthesis after 6 h, which was combined with acceleration of
      intracellular transport, packaging, and granule discharge, thus enabling a
      sustained rate of secretion over the period of stimulation. In contrast, infusion
      of a supramaximal dose of caerulein (5.0 micrograms kg-1 h-1) induced acute
      edematous pancreatitis and led to an almost complete reduction of volume and
      protein output from the cannulated main pancreatic duct. Using freeze-fracture
      techniques and thin-section electron microscopy, earliest structural alterations
      were observed at membranes of zymogen granules and the plasma membrane. Fusion of
      zymogen granules among each other led to formation of large membrane-bound
      vacuoles within the cytoplasm. These and individual zymogen granules fused with
      the lateral instead of the apical plasma membrane, discharging their content into
      the interstitial space. Vacuole formation was associated with activation of
      lysosomes and with cytoplasmic destruction of acinar cells. The findings
      indicated severe changes in the specificity of the intracellular membrane fusion
      process induced by supramaximal doses of caerulein, which finally resulted in
      autodigestion of the pancreas.

PMID- 3859915
TI  - Glucagon and small-bowel mucosa.
AB  - Numerous functional and structural effects of pharmacological dosages of glucagon
      on the small-intestinal mucosa have been demonstrated. In addition, clinical
      conditions associated with elevated concentrations of plasma glucagon may go
      along with alterations of the intestinal mucosa. The physiological and
      pathophysiological relevance of these findings, however, is questionable in view
      of the heterogeneity of the findings, of the complexity of the experimental
      systems used and of the methodological problems involved. With respect to
      possible trophic effects on the small-bowel mucosa enteroglucagon is of special
      importance. Numerous diseases in which increased intestinal mucosal growth has
      been shown are associated with elevated plasma concentrations of enteroglucagon.
      Our results concerning radiation damage, the time course of plasma enteroglucagon
      levels during antimitotic treatment, the small intestinal resection and the
      experimental blind loop syndrome are discussed. An outlook will be given as to
      the use of monoclonal antibodies in the development of glucagon as well as
      enteroglucagon deficiency states for the study of the physiological relevance of
      these two regulatory peptides.

PMID- 3859916
TI  - Gastrin modulation of pancreatic growth.
AB  - Gastrin has been proposed as a trophic factor for the pancreas. Extensive small
      bowel resection increased transiently plasma gastrin levels in the rat and
      produced pancreatic growth. This growth was characterized by an increased
      pancreatic weight, protein and DNA content, and the occurrence of mitotic figures
      in acinar cells. In order to determine if gastrin is implicated in pancreatic
      hyperplasia, we induced endogenous variations of gastrin 3 weeks before small
      bowel resection or transection. Hypogastrinemia was produced by antrectomy and
      hypergastrinemia by vagotomy plus pyloroplasty. Pyloroplasty alone was without
      any effect. All gastric operations alone enhanced though not significantly the
      weight of the pancreas and its content in protein and DNA. When performed before
      intestinal resection, they did not modify the hyperplastic response of the
      pancreas to the resection. Our findings do not support the views that antral
      gastrin exerts a trophic action on the rat pancreas and that gastrin is
      implicated in postresectional hyperplasia of the gland.

PMID- 3859918
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the Eighteenth Scandinavian Conference on
      Gastroenterology and the Ninth Scandinavian Meeting on Gastrointestinal
      Endoscopy. Linkoping, Sweden, 30 May-1 June 1985.

PMID- 3859917
TI  - Pancreatic duct and microvascular permeability to macromolecules. The relation to
      acute pancreatitis.
AB  - In a model of acute pancreatitis which requires that pancreatic enzymes leak from
      a permeable duct, we studied the role of intravenous enterokinase (195,000
      daltons) in pancreatic enzyme activation. Anesthetized cats were given
      intravenous 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 to increase pancreatic blood flow and
      microvascular permeability. In some animals the permeability of the pancreatic
      duct was increased by perfusion of the duct with glycodeoxycholic acid (7.5 mM).
      Endogenous enzyme secretion was stimulated by IV CCK and secretin. Some cats also
      received enterokinase intravenously. Those animals that received PGE2,
      glycodeoxycholate, and enterokinase all developed pancreatitis. When any of these
      agents were not given the pancreases appeared normal. These findings were
      consistent with the hypothesis that intravenous enterokinase leaked from small
      pancreatic blood vessels into the pancreatic parenchyma and/or ducts where
      activation of pancreatic enzymes occurred. The development of pancreatitis
      appeared to require an increase in both microvascular and ductal permeability.

PMID- 3859919
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of monocyte differentiation by electron microscopy:
      impairment of differentiation ability in monocytes from children with acute
      lymphoblastic leukaemia.
AB  - The differentiation of monocytes was evaluated quantitatively by electron
      microscopy and was analyzed in relation to the clinical features of childhood
      acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The monocyte cellular size increased and
      cell organellae became mature after a 72-h culture. Phagolysosome formation
      developed markedly- and the nucleus became circular--accompanied by chromatin
      deconcentration. The differentiation degree of the cell organellae was indexed
      and classified as mature by electron microscopy. The indexes of nuclear shape,
      chromatin deconcentration, cytoplasmonuclear ratio and vacuole formation
      increased with time. The total index increased linearly with time dependence.
      These results indicate that the ultrastructural parameters and indexes allowed a
      quantitative assessment of cell organellae and cellular differentiation of the
      monocyte. At the acute phase of ALL, the degrees of cell organnellae and cellular
      differentiation were significantly lower than the control. The above findings
      suggest that monocytes from children with ALL have impaired differentiation
      ability, which results in defective function of macrophages.

PMID- 3859920
TI  - Nontraumatic metastatic clostridial myonecrosis in a patient with preleukemia.

PMID- 3859921
TI  - The spectrum of therapeutic endoscopy.

PMID- 3859922
TI  - How safe are engineered organisms?

PMID- 3859923
TI  - Comparative analysis of treatment programs for childhood acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia.

PMID- 3859924
TI  - Epidemiology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Although the etiology of acute leukemia is largely unknown, some facets of the
      puzzle are becoming clarified. Recognition of important patterns in age-specific
      mortality rates has suggested that events early in life, perhaps even prenatally,
      may have an influence on developing leukemia in childhood. The racial differences
      evident in mortality, incidence, and immunologic subtype of ALL suggest either
      differences in exposures to certain "factors" or differences in responses to
      those "factors" by white children. Hereditary factors appear to play a role.
      Familial and hereditary conditions exist that have high incidences of acute
      leukemia. Chromosomal anomalies are common in these conditions. Viral infections
      may play a role by contributing to alteration in genetic material through
      incorporation of the viral genome. How that virus is dealt with after primary
      infection seems important. The presence of immunodeficiency may allow wider
      dissemination or enhanced replication of such viruses, thereby increasing the
      likelihood of cellular transformation to an abnormal cell. Proliferation of that
      malignant cell to a clone may depend on other cofactors. Perhaps prolonged
      exposure to substances like benzene or alkylating agents may enhance these
      interactions between virus and genetic material. Does this change DNA repair
      mechanisms? Are viral infections handled differently? Is viral genomic
      information more easily integrated into host cells? Ionizing radiation has
      multiple effects. Alteration in genetic material occurs both at the molecular and
      chromosomal levels. DNA may be altered, lost, or added in the cell's attempt to
      recover from the injury. These changes may lead to altered susceptibility to
      other environmental agents, and host response may be altered. The past 40 years
      have seen dramatic progress in the treatment of ALL. We have just begun to
      unravel the complex interactions of genetic makeup, immune response, and the
      environment on the development of ALL. Whether factors can be identified that may
      allow prevention of acute leukemia remains to be seen.

PMID- 3859925
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and cellular determinants of response to 1-beta
      arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C).

PMID- 3859926
TI  - Intensive timed chemotherapy for 51 acute myeloid leukemia patients with poor
      prognosis.

PMID- 3859927
TI  - High-dose cytosine arabinoside in the initial treatment of acute leukemia.

PMID- 3859928
TI  - Modulation of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) and high-dose ara-C in acute leukemia.

PMID- 3859929
TI  - High-dose cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of resistant acute leukemia.

PMID- 3859930
TI  - Sequential high-dose cytosine arabinoside and L-asparaginase in childhood
      leukemia in relapse.

PMID- 3859931
TI  - High-dose cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of childhood malignancies.

PMID- 3859932
TI  - In vivo studies on high-dose 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (HDara-C) and 1
      beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (ara-U) with respect to pharmacokinetics, cell
      kinetics, and cytotoxicity in a rat myelocytic leukemia model (BNML).
AB  - From the current studies it can be concluded that comparing the ara-C catabolism
      to ara-U in leukemic rats and leukemic patients, this process is about 100 times
      more pronounced in human leukemic cells. The low deaminase activity in leukemic
      rats probably explains the slow plasma ara-C disappearance curve in the BNML. No
      cytotoxic effect of ara-U with respect to LCFU-S reduction could be observed, nor
      did ara-U enhance the cytotoxic effect ara-C in the BNML. These studies have
      increased the understanding of the relation between ara-C, ara-U plasma levels
      and deaminase activity.

PMID- 3859933
TI  - Increased tumor growth and drug uptake predicts for response to continuous
      infusion high-dose cytarabine.

PMID- 3859934
TI  - Drug association including ara-C in myeloid leukemia cell differentiation: in
      vitro studies.

PMID- 3859935
TI  - Evolution of clinical studies with high-dose cytosine arabinoside at the M.D.
      Anderson Hospital.

PMID- 3859936
TI  - [Effect of the hypothalamic nuclei on adrenal response to stress in rats: effect
      of heat lesions on the supraoptic, periventricular, paraventricular and arcuate
      nuclei].

PMID- 3859937
TI  - [Behavioral survey of toothbrushing in 2-year-old children].

PMID- 3859938
TI  - A comparison of two resuscitators in the management of birth asphyxia.
AB  - Twenty newborn infants with birth asphyxia were alternately assigned to
      ventilation with either the Samson or the Laerdal infant resuscitator. During
      resuscitation significantly greater percentage changes in pH (1,1% v. 0,2%; P
      less than 0,05), hydrogen ion concentration (-15,6% v. -2,1%; P less than 0,05)
      and partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure (-24,5% v. -11,9%; P less than 0,02)
      were seen in the Laerdal group. There was also a tendency towards improved
      oxygenation and lung compliance and quicker establishment of spontaneous
      respiration in the Laerdal group. We therefore conclude that the Laerdal
      resuscitator is superior to the Samson one in the management of infants with
      birth asphyxia.

PMID- 3859939
TI  - Transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide monitoring in patients undergoing
      surgical removal of wisdom teeth.

PMID- 3859940
TI  - [A new monoclonal antibody produced against a human leukemia which recognizes
      class II HLA antigens].

PMID- 3859941
TI  - Diagnosis and surgical treatment of internal derangement of the temporomandibular
      joint.

PMID- 3859942
TI  - A clinical evaluation of the ability of the Dentobuff method to estimate buffer
      capacity of saliva.
AB  - The power of a colourimetric method to estimate buffer capacity of saliva
      (Dentobuff) was compared with an electrometric method in 220 adults. The methods
      correlated well but Dentobuff frequently underestimated high buffer values which
      was considered to be of minor practical importance. Dentobuff identified groups
      with low, intermediate and high buffer capacity as good as the electrometric
      method.

PMID- 3859943
TI  - Effect of methylprednisolone on complications after removal of impacted
      mandibular third molars.
AB  - Bilateral impacted mandibular third molars were surgically removed in 20 healthy
      patients. The effects of methylprednisolone on postoperative healing was
      investigated in a double-blind, cross-over study. Some decrease in postoperative
      discomfort (swelling and trismus) was noted in the methylprednisolone group. No
      statistically significant difference was noted, however in comparison with a
      placebo group.

PMID- 3859944
TI  - Laser-induced fluorescence from sound and carious tooth substance: spectroscopic
      studies.
AB  - Fluorescence spectra of dentine and enamel illuminated with laser light of
      wavelengths of 337, 488, 515 and 633 nm respectively were recorded. The
      fluorescence obtained by illumination with UV laser light at 337 nm had a peak at
      about 400 nm in dentine as well as enamel. Compared to intact enamel the
      fluorescence from enamel with initial carious lesions was of lower intensity and
      had a slight red shift. No fluorescence within the visible range was obtained by
      illumination with a low power He-Ne laser at 633 nm. Illumination at 488 nm
      produced fluorescence with a peak at about 540 nm in dentine as well as enamel.
      The difference in the intensity of fluorescence between sound and carious enamel
      was generally greater at this wavelength than at any of the others tried, and the
      red shift from the carious enamel was also more pronounced. Illumination at 515
      nm produced fluorescence of similar wavelengths but with much less difference
      between intact and carious enamel. It was concluded that illumination at 488 nm
      was the most suitable wavelength of those investigated for the detection of
      initial carious lesions by the fluorescence technique.

PMID- 3859945
TI  - Palatinose--a sucrose substitute. Pilot studies.
AB  - Pilot studies on isomaltulose, (Palatinose), a sucrose substitute, including acid
      production in plaques, acid production in suspensions of dental plaque material
      or of Streptococcus mutans were performed, as well as studies on the effect of
      isomaltulose on glucan synthesis, by Strep. mutans. Also an experimental caries
      study in the rat was carried out in a few animals. The results indicated that
      isomaltulose is only slowly fermented in the oral cavity and that glucan
      formation from isomaltulose, if any, is very small. Sulcal caries only was found
      in rats challenged with isomaltulose. Since the animals developed very well on
      the isomaltulose diet and did not have stomach disorders, isomaltulose is
      considered to be of great interest as a sucrose-like, low-cariogenic and nontoxic
      sucrose substitute.

PMID- 3859946
TI  - Case history a la mood.

PMID- 3859947
TI  - The HLA-DR antigen frequency in Northern Ireland compared to the frequency in
      Bristol, Edinburgh and Eire.

PMID- 3859948
TI  - [Radiographic diagnosis X. Poorly-differentiated odontoma].

PMID- 3859949
TI  - [HLA and acute pericarditis].

PMID- 3859950
TI  - [Value of determining casein kinase activity in the diagnosis of cancer of the
      large intestine].

PMID- 3859951
TI  - [Genetic markers of blood in dental caries].

PMID- 3859952
TI  - [Adaptation of children with lymphoblastic leukemia to the basic environment
      after completed treatment].

PMID- 3859953
TI  - [Cervix ripening and labor induction in therapeutic abortion in the middle and
      late 2d trimester using intracervical and extra-amniotic prostaglandin gel
      administration].
AB  - In 64 patients for therapeutic abortion between the 17th to 26th week of
      pregnancy abortion was induced with a standardized two-step procedure. After
      priming of the cervix with intracervical application of prostaglandin gel, labour
      was induced with extraamniotic PG-administration under epidural anaesthesia. The
      priming effect was demonstrated objectively in 10 patients with a mechanical
      tonometer. Prostaglandin F2 alpha, PGE2 and sulprostone were used in the study.
      There were no significant differences in the total length of therapy (cervix
      priming time plus induction of labour to abortion interval) between the three
      groups of patients. Except for 4 patients who required an instrumental extraction
      of the fetus, abortion occurred in all the patients within a total time of 30
      hours (93.8%). The mean induction of labour to abortion interval was 8.3 hours
      (range: 1.0 to 17.3 hours) in all patients and there was, again, no significant
      difference between the three groups. Epidural anaesthesia gave a painless
      induction of abortion in 60 out of 62 patients, while 2 patients required
      additional analgesics. In 2 patients epidural anaesthesia was contraindicated. In
      contrast to the systemic administration of PG the incidence of gastrointestinal
      side effects was low (10.9%). In one case a cervical lesion was observed due to a
      tenaculum laceration. Although there was no general antibiotic prophylaxis
      endometritis occurred in only 3 cases (4.7%). The combination of intracervical PG
      gel for cervical priming, extraamniotic PG gel for labour induction and epidural
      anaesthesia presents a gentle and efficient method for the termination of
      pregnancy in the middle to late second trimester.

PMID- 3859954
TI  - [Resorption of prostaglandin E2 following various methods of local administration
      for ripening of the cervix and end the induction of labor].
AB  - PGEM concentration was determined radioimmunologically in a non-pregnant woman in
      whom PGE2 was infused intravenously at increasing dosage and in women in whom
      labour was induced by various methods for local application of PGE2. There was
      excellent correlation between the amount of PGE2 infused intravenously and the
      levels of PGEM determined in the peripheral plasma. The following methods of
      local application of PGE2 were included in the study: 0.4 mg PGE2 gel placed
      retroamnially by means of a balloon catheter; 0.4 and 0.5 mg PGE2 gel applied
      endocervically; 1.5 mg PGE2 given pericervically through a portio adapter and 3
      mg PGE2 placed intravaginally in form of a single vaginal tablet; also included
      was a control group where only vaginal examination was performed. Blood was
      withdrawn before, and then 30 minutes, 1, 2 and 3 hours after PGE2
      administration. Mean levels of PGEM in the maternal peripheral plasma showed no
      change within or between the various groups, with the exception of one patient in
      the portio adapter group where hyperstimulation occurred. After removal of the
      adapter PGEM levels dropped to baseline values. It is concluded from the present
      study that local application of doses currently used to soften the cervix and/or
      induce labour at term does not give rise to PGEM concentrations in the maternal
      blood of the same magnitude as achieved by intravenous PGE2 administration.

PMID- 3859955
TI  - [Oxalic acid metabolism in chronic renal failure].
AB  - The mean plasma oxalic acid level is increased in renal failure. The mean plasma
      oxalic acid level was 74.8 +/- 18.5 mumol/l in 15 patients with chronic renal
      failure and 129.9 +/- 47.7 mumol/l in 31 patients on chronic haemodialysis which
      are several times higher than the normal range (16.8 +/- 6.0 mumol/l). During
      haemodialysis oxalic acid showed a behaviour similar to that of creatinine. The
      increased plasma oxalic acid levels are due to the accumulation of oxalic acid in
      renal insufficiency and additional metabolic factors increasing endogenous
      synthesis of oxalic acid. The administration of pyridoxine caused a decrease of
      the mean plasma oxalic acid level by 46% (32.0 to 56.1%) in 6 out of 8 chronic
      haemodialysis patients. This occurred most probably by correcting a vitamin B6
      deficiency. Investigations of the intraerythrocyte glutamic oxalacetic
      transaminases showed, that the action of pyridoxine therapy on the endogenous
      oxalic acid synthesis can be explained by an increase of available pyridoxal-5
      phosphate, the active metabolite of vitamin B6. The administration of vitamin B1,
      however, caused no statistically significant decrease of the plasma oxalic acid
      levels. Other influences on plasma oxalic acid synthesis result from the
      diminished excretion of the precursors of oxalic acid glycolic acid and ascorbic
      acid. The conversion of glycolic acid to glycine is probably increased in
      uraemia. The administration of 1 g ascorbic acid after each haemodialysis caused
      a striking increase of the plasma oxalic acid levels up to 240% of the initial
      value within 2 weeks, as a consequence of an increased metabolism of accumulated
      ascorbic acid. Increased plasma oxalic acid levels seem to be an important factor
      for calcium oxalate deposits in uraemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3859956
TI  - [Treatment of medium-severe essential hypertension with beta-Aldopur under
      practice conditions].
AB  - 23 hypertensive patients were treated with the new fixed-dose combination drug
      Beta-Aldopur, containing 100 mg bupranolol and 50 mg spironolactone per tablet.
      In part they had been pretreated with other fixed combinations without sufficient
      success. 19 patients completed the eight-week study. Initial dosage of two
      tablets could be reduced to one tablet daily following normalization (less than
      90 mm Hg) of diastolic blood pressure in one third of patients. Mean pressure in
      a sitting posture was lowered from 176 +/- 21/111 +/- 9 mm Hg to 156 +/- 21/93 +/
      8 mm Hg (p less than 0,0001) gradually until the 4th week. Body weight decreased
      by 2.5 kg (3.1%) until the 6th week and remained constant thereafter. Mean
      concentration of serum potassium rose significantly by 0.42 mmol/l within normal
      limits. Specific and non-specific side effects were very rare and no serious
      reactions occurred. Compared to pretreatment with other fixed combinations, most
      of them containing thiazides, the combination of bupranolol with spironolactone
      was more efficacious in lowering the blood pressure. According to the results of
      our study Beta-Aldopur is suitable for treatment of essential hypertension of all
      degrees, especially for patients prone to hypokalemia, if secondary aldosteronism
      caused by hypertension or by medication may be expected and/or if other
      medications are not adequately effective.

PMID- 3859957
TI  - [Epidemiological studies of hematotoxic and hepatotoxic effects of benzene and
      benzene-containing solvent mixtures].

PMID- 3859958
TI  - [Prostaglandin studies in normal subjects and in post-myocardial infarct
      patients].

PMID- 3859959
TI  - [Effect of obstetrical manipulations on the prostaglandin content of the uterus].
AB  - It is reported about the concentration of PG F2 alpha, PG E2, TxB2 and 6-keto-PG
      F1 alpha in amniotic fluid after obstetrical manipulations without rupture of
      amniotic membranes. Only digital distension of the cervix was followed by a rise
      of PG F2 alpha values. On the other side there was no increase in PG
      concentration after application of a transabdominal catheter or after amniotomy.

PMID- 3859960
TI  - Significant surgical pathophysiological problems in the severely traumatized
      patient. Second Tore Nilson Symposium.

PMID- 3859962
TI  - The problem of trauma.

PMID- 3859961
TI  - The metabolic problems of the burn patient.

PMID- 3859963
TI  - Immunity, nutrition and trauma: an overview.

PMID- 3859964
TI  - Intracellular energy substrates in trauma.

PMID- 3859965
TI  - The proenzyme functional inhibition index. A new parameter for evaluation of the
      severely injured and septic patient.

PMID- 3859966
TI  - Pathophysiology of trauma.

PMID- 3859968
TI  - Significant surgical pathophysiological problems in the severely traumatized
      patient. Future aspects.

PMID- 3859967
TI  - A new experimental model for studies on the respiratory distress syndrome after
      standardized trauma.

PMID- 3859969
TI  - Modern trends in the management of the climacteric.

PMID- 3859970
TI  - Mental health in the climacteric. The longitudinal study of women in Gothenburg.
AB  - A representative sample of 899 middle-aged urban Swedish women underwent a
      psychiatric interview on two occasions with 6 years between studies (waves). The
      point prevalence of all mental disorders was 39.9% at the first wave and 39.0% at
      the second. The corresponding one-year onset rates of all mental disorders were
      18.0% and 14.2%. No significant differences were found between ages or between
      waves. Major depressive episodes accounted for about half of the psychiatric
      morbidity. Those women whose menopause started early were more often mentally
      impaired than others and they also tended to have been more often impaired even
      before the climacteric (ages 30-39). Menopause was not associated with any onset
      risk of mental disorder, but a relationship was found between this rate and the
      weighted sum of other life events. The latter association remained significant
      even when correction was made for age, social class and marital status. Divorced
      and the childless women ran an increased risk of developing a mental disorder
      with functional impairment in the 6-year period between the waves. Women from the
      lower social classes evidenced an increased risk of contracting some mental
      disorder during the same period.

PMID- 3859971
TI  - Ovarian steroid hormones. Effects on mood, behaviour and brain excitability.
AB  - Estradiol and progesterone both accumulate in the brain. Specific cytosol
      receptors are present in certain CNS regions. Estradiol increases but
      progesterone decreases the brain's excitability. The effects can be mediated via
      monoamine systems or a change in monoamine metabolizing enzymes, but other
      mechanisms are possible. The combination of estradiol and progesterone seem to
      provoke a negative mood change in certain sensitive women. Estradiol and
      progesterone singly seem not to have these negative effects on mood, but perhaps
      positive effects instead.

PMID- 3859972
TI  - Estrogens around the menopause. Some metabolic aspects of clinical treatment.

PMID- 3859973
TI  - Continuous treatment with a combination of estrogen and gestagen--a way of
      avoiding endometrial stimulation. Clinical experiences with Kliogest.
AB  - Nearly 5 years' experience of continuous treatment with a preparation consisting
      of natural estrogens combined with norethisterone acetate is presented. The
      effect on both climacteric symptoms and hormonal parameters was good, even though
      the endometrium remained atrophic or became so. This was the case even when the
      endometrium was hyperplastic and/or atypical prior to treatment. This treatment
      appears to be better than those in common use--at least in selected cases.

PMID- 3859974
TI  - Menopausal age and risk of cardiovascular disease and death. A 12-year follow-up
      of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden.
AB  - A longitudinal population study of 1462 women initially aged 38-60 has been
      proceeding in Gothenburg, Sweden since 1968. The results presented in this paper
      deal with menopausal age in relation to cardiovascular disease and overall
      mortality and refer to the initial 12-year follow-up period. The risk ratios
      concerning early menopausal age for all the various cardiovascular end-points
      studied were increased, except for new events of ECG changes suggestive of
      ischaemic heart disease. However, none of the risk ratios studied between
      menopausal age on the one hand and the 12-year incidences of myocardial
      infarction, angina pectoris, or stroke, on the other, was significantly increased
      when women who had reached the menopause at the age of 40, 45, or 50 were
      compared with the rest of the participants in the population study. When early
      menopause was related to the overall mortality, the risk ratio was increased only
      for women who had reached the menopause at the age of 50, but not sufficiently to
      be statistically significant. When reviewing the literature, it is obvious that
      the results from previous studies are discrepant and do not permit of any
      generalized conclusion as to whether there is a correlation between early
      menopause and ischaemic heart disease or not. Nor is our longitudinal study
      conclusive in this respect.

PMID- 3859975
TI  - The influence of hormonal replacement therapy on lipid and lipoprotein
      metabolism.

PMID- 3859976
TI  - Estrogen-progestogen replacement in climacteric women, particularly as regards a
      new type of continuous regimen.
AB  - Twenty-six peri- and postmenopausal women were treated with daily dose of 2 mg 17
      beta-estradiol, 1 mg estriol and 1 mg norethisterone-acetate in a continuous
      regimen for 12 months. Clinical parameters such as vasomotor symptoms, bleeding
      patterns and histopathology were recorded. Blood samples were collected before,
      after 3 months and after 12 months of treatment and were analysed for estradiol
      17-beta, estrone, androstenedione in serum and lipoprotein lipids. A marked
      reduction of hot flushes and sweatings was noted and the number of days with
      bleeding gradually decreased during treatment, especially in the postmenopausal
      group of women. No signs of hyperplasia of the endometrium were recorded. A
      decrease in the serum concentration of testosterone and androstenedione was found
      during treatment. The reduction in triglycerides in very low density lipoproteins
      after 3 months, concomitant with a decrease in the cholesterol content of high
      density lipoproteins, was interpreted as an effect mainly of the progestogen
      component in the preparation. The present formulation of estrogen-progestogen,
      continuously administered, may be an appropriate alternative treatment regimen
      for many women. One proposition of how to treat women with climacteric complaints
      around the menopause is presented.

PMID- 3859977
TI  - The risk of endometrial and breast cancer after estrogen treatment. A review of
      epidemiological studies.
AB  - Estrogen treatment of climacteric women has been found to be associated with a
      substantially increased risk of endometrial cancer and a possible slight excess
      risk of breast cancer. Numerous retrospective case-control studies, reported
      mainly in the United States, have provided evidence of a causal link between the
      use of estrogens and the development of endometrial cancer. The magnitude of the
      risk increase has been shown to be correlated with characteristics of the
      exposure, chiefly the duration of treatment and the presence of certain host
      factors in the patient, e.g. obesity and late menopause. Cases of endometrial
      cancer occurring after estrogen exposure were shown to have favorable tumor
      characteristics and excellent survival rates. The early results from a
      prospective cohort study have indicated that estrogen therapy, as practised in
      Sweden, is associated only with an excess risk of premalignant endometrial
      changes and that the addition of progestogens might exert a protective effect.
      The risk of breast cancer after estrogen therapy has been studied in both
      retrospective and prospective investigations. In the majority of these studies no
      evidence of an increased risk has been found. However, in two case-control and
      two follow-up studies the risk estimates were slightly but significantly raised
      in association with long-term and high-dose exposure.

PMID- 3859978
TI  - Does estrogen replacement therapy predispose to thrombosis?

PMID- 3859979
TI  - A clinical and scanning electron microscopic study of a new restorative material
      for use in posterior teeth.
AB  - Eighty-two restorations with a new posterior restorative material showed good
      wear resistance on the occlusal surfaces after 2 years of service. The loss of
      substance averaged 30-50 micron, which is below the clinically detectable level.
      Inferior contact points were frequently registered, reflecting the problems with
      inadequate matrix systems. Clinically relevant problems were all related to the
      quality of the contact area.

PMID- 3859980
TI  - Cracks in gold crowns cemented on amalgam restorations.
AB  - Twenty-seven gold crowns, removed from patients with problems such as diffuse
      pain and metallic taste, have been examined. The gold crowns were made of an
      ordinary casting gold alloy, type III. The crowns were built on amalgam cores or
      big amalgam fillings. Eight of these crowns had cracks beginning at the cervical
      margin and propagating occlusally. The crowns were examined in a scanning
      electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive detector. The study showed
      that the cracks propagated along the grain boundaries within the gold alloy. In
      the cracks corrosion products usually found on amalgam were identified. The
      cracks could be due to intercrystalline stress corrosion or overloading.

PMID- 3859981
TI  - The effect of verbal information and demonstration on denture hygiene in elderly
      people.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of two oral
      hygiene information programs on denture hygiene. The programs were provided
      individually to healthy elderly denture wearers. Totally, 150 edentulous persons
      between 67 and 89 years of age were selected and randomly assigned to two
      experimental groups and one control group. In one test group (INFO) the
      participants were only given individual verbal information on how to remove
      denture plaque. The participants of the second test group (DEMO) received
      individual demonstration of denture cleaning in addition. One hundred and thirty
      eight persons completed the study. The percentage plaque covering the maxillary
      denture base was assessed by a morphometric point-estimator scoring method at the
      start of the study and after 14 and 180 days. Verbal information resulted only in
      a short-term effect (14 days), whereas demonstration on how to remove denture
      plaque gave long-term (180 days) improvement of denture hygiene.

PMID- 3859982
TI  - Number of teeth and tooth loss of former dental school patients. Follow-up study
      after 10-17 years.
AB  - Persons (n = 431) who had received endodontic and other treatment at the School
      of Dentistry in Bergen in the 1960s were invited to attend an examination in
      1980, some 10-17 years after their first course of treatment. The age range
      initially had been 16-55 years. The attendance rate was 55% (149 women and 89
      men) and was higher for the older age groups. Data from pre- and post-treatment
      records were added to the information obtained in 1980. Those who attended in
      1980 had had 22.8 teeth at the initial examination and 21.2 teeth after their
      first course of treatment in the 1960s. In 1980 they had 19.3 teeth. About 20% of
      the persons had the same number of teeth at all three examinations, and 43% had
      not lost teeth after completing treatment at the school. Molars and maxillary
      teeth were most likely to have been extracted. This was also the case for teeth
      lost during the first course of treatment. Some 4% of the individuals had become
      edentulous. Conventional dental treatment had not prevented further tooth loss;
      the number of remaining teeth within each age group was about the same in 1980 as
      in the 1960s.

PMID- 3859983
TI  - Chemical and morphological studies of the acquired pellicle formed subgingivally
      on dentin in vivo.
AB  - The morphological appearance and chemical composition of the subgingival pellicle
      were studied, using Auger analysis and scanning and transmission electron
      microscopy. A pellicle was formed on pieces of dentin (2 X 2 X 1 mm), prepared
      from freshly extracted teeth after root planing. The dentin slabs were inserted
      for 2 h into healthy gingival sulci. Control slabs cemented supragingivally were
      used for comparison. The results confirmed the presence of an organic film on the
      surface of all slabs. Auger analysis of the organic film showed the presence of
      Ca in the supragingival integument but not in the subgingival integument. The
      subgingival pellicle was in all cases thicker than the supragingival pellicle.
      The transmission and scanning electron microscopy observations confirmed the
      presence of a film essentially free of bacteria on the subgingival specimens and
      also indicated a possible morphological difference between the supra- and sub
      gingival pellicle.

PMID- 3859984
TI  - Long-term effects on chewing with mandibular fixed prostheses on osseointegrated
      implants.
AB  - Twenty-seven edentulous patients with denture adaptation problems were first
      given optimal conventional complete dentures and then a fixed prosthesis on
      osseointegrated dental implants in the lower jaw (and a complete maxillary
      denture). Masticatory function was evaluated by means of a questionnaire, a
      comminution test for chewing efficiency, and bite force measurements on four
      occasions: with the original (I) and optimal complete dentures (II) and 2 months
      (III) and 3 years (IV) after insertion of the fixed mandibular prosthesis on
      implants. No significant improvement of masticatory function was found after
      conventional denture treatment. After insertion of the fixed mandibular implant
      bridge, a marked improvement of the patients' assessment of their chewing ability
      and of the results of the chewing efficiency test and the bite force measurements
      was recorded. The test results were further improved after the 3-year observation
      period, which indicates that adaptation to the new prosthetic situation is a
      gradual process.

PMID- 3859985
TI  - Observer performance in assessment of condylar position in temporomandibular
      joint radiograms.
AB  - The condylar position at centric occlusion has been considered important in
      diagnosis of the temporomandibular joint. The present study describes inter- and
      intra-observer variation in radiographic assessment of condylar position. One
      radiogram obtained by using an individualized lateral oblique transcranial
      projection and three corrected sagittal tomograms from the lateral, central, and
      medial parts of the joint were selected from each of 31 patients. In the
      resulting 124 radiograms three observers assessed the position of the condyle as
      posterior, central, or anterior on two occasions, 3 months apart. Concordant
      reports for all three observers were found in 63%. The interobserver agreement
      two by two ranged between 69% and 79%, whereas the intraobserver agreement ranged
      between 81% and 90%. The observer variation and limitations of radiographic
      techniques should be considered when the therapeutic implication of condylar
      position is discussed.

PMID- 3859986
TI  - Dental health, dental care, and dietary habits in children in different parts of
      Sweden.
AB  - An epidemiological study of dental health, dental health care, and
      sociodemographic data in 817 4-, 8-, and 13-year-old children was carried out in
      1980/81 in two areas in the county of Vasterbotten, northern Sweden, and in one
      area in the northern part of the county of Alvsborg, in southwestern Sweden.
      Dietary habits and nutrient intake were studied in 738 of the children. The aim
      of the study was to examine the dental health in the different areas and to study
      the importance of variations in related background factors. The results showed
      great differences in dental health in all age groups between the two counties.
      There were also differences between the two areas in the north, but these were
      not as evident. A discriminant function analysis showed that age when organized
      dental care started and tooth-brushing frequency had greater explanatory power on
      dental caries than food habit factors.

PMID- 3859987
TI  - Stereo radiography of lumbar spine motion.
AB  - The technique of Biplanar Radiography for the computer analysis of orthogonal
      radiographs of the human spine enables the calculation of three-dimensional
      coordinates for anatomical landmarks on the vertebrae. Three-dimensional
      intervertebral movements are deduced from the changes in the relative
      orientations of the vertebrae as a subject moves from one position to another.
      The three-dimensional coordinates of the anatomical landmarks on the vertebrae
      were found to have an RMS error of less than 1 mm. The RMS errors for
      translational movements were less than 2 mm and for rotations were less than 1.5
      degrees. This study of normal subjects has defined the ranges of voluntary
      flexion and extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending in the lumbar spines
      of young males. The range of flexion plus extension at each lumbar intervertebral
      joint is approximately 14 degrees with the L4/5 level being slightly more mobile
      than the others. There are approximately 2 degrees of axial rotation at each
      joint with L3/4 and L4/5 being slightly more mobile. Lateral bending of
      approximately 10 degrees occurs at the upper three levels while there is
      significantly less movement of 6 degrees and 3 degrees at L4/5 and L5/S1
      respectively. In flexion and extension accompanying axial rotation of 2 degrees
      or more and lateral bending of 3 degrees or more occurred rarely and any larger
      accompanying rotation at an intervertebral joint should be considered abnormal.
      During twisting and side bending axial rotation to the right is accompanied by
      lateral bending to the left and vice versa at the three upper levels. At L5/S1
      axial rotation and lateral bending generally accompany each other in the same
      direction while L4/5 is a transitional level. During lateral bending there is
      also generally extension at the upper levels and flexion at L5/S1. The
      measurement in vivo of the accompanying rotations in the other planes has
      demonstrated that there is no simple mechanical coupling of the rotations.
      Finally, this study has provided a base line of normal movements to which the
      movements seen in pathological conditions can be compared.

PMID- 3859988
TI  - Skin perfusion pressure measured by radioisotope washout for predicting wound
      healing in lower limb amputation for arterial occlusive disease.

PMID- 3859989
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of action of antifertile PG in animal models.
AB  - Antifertile effects of PGF2 alpha, PGE2, PGE1, sulprostone and other PGs were
      evaluated in different pregnancy models in rats, guinea pigs and rhesus monkeys
      and the underlying mechanisms of action were investigated. Quantitative and
      qualitative species differences and pregnancy stage dependency were recorded.
      Basic regulatory differences of the pregnant uterus seem to exist in these
      species. In early pregnant rats, abortifacient effects were based on luteolytic
      effects, independent of the PG used. The myometrium was found to be refractory to
      the injected PG as long as serum progesterone levels were kept high. By contrast,
      in guinea pigs after the luteoplacental shift of progesterone secretion (tested
      after day 40 p.c.) and in rhesus monkeys even before this shift (tested day 20
      p.c.) abortifacient effects were found to be exerted by direct stimulation of the
      myometrium. Uterine stimulation was possible in the presence of any level of
      serum progesterone. The induction of uterine PG synthesis was probably of
      importance supporting the expulsion. The role of obvious tissue damage within the
      conceptus remained uncertain. In contrast to rats there seems to be a pre
      existing PG-sensitivity of the pregnant myometrium in guinea pigs and primates.
      In guinea pigs sensitivity slightly increased for E- but not for F-type PG toward
      term. Oxytocin sensitivity was found to increase by a factor of more than 100
      between days 23-63 of pregnancy. Time dependent changes in uterine receptivity to
      PG and oxytocin may be considered as a regulatory principle which might permit
      parturition to occur in the presence of progesterone as an evolutionary
      adaptation to a placental progesterone secretion which cannot be abolished. It
      was concluded that in the presence of already established gradual uterine
      responsiveness to PG (and Oxytocin) during gestation efficient blocking
      mechanisms for uterine PG-formation must exist in order to explain uterine
      quiescence. Almost complete resistance of pregnancy to oestrogen which exists in
      humans, monkeys and guinea pigs was considered as to be pharmacological evidence
      of such a mechanism. The principles of endocrine control of the myometrium and
      its pharmacology seem similar in guinea pig and primate pregnancy. The guinea pig
      might therefore provide a relevant model to study potential drug effects on the
      regulatory balance of the pregnant uterus and also to achieve a better
      understanding of human uterine physiology.

PMID- 3859990
TI  - Binge eating and dietary restraint in obese patients.
AB  - The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and severity of binge
      eating among 432 women seeking behavioral treatment for obesity and to assess the
      relationship between binge eating and dietary restraint. Subjects completed
      standardized self-report questionnaires which assessed the severity of binge
      eating and habitual dietary restraint. Binge eating was extremely prevalent, with
      46% of subjects reporting serious problems. Serious binge eating was more common
      in younger and heavier subjects. Further, binge eating severity was significantly
      related to overall dietary restraint. The current findings indicate that the
      treatments of binge eating may need to be considered in planning behavioral
      programs for the obese.

PMID- 3859991
TI  - [Sex preselection? Contribution to reproductive behavior in East Germany. Survey
      of an urban population group].

PMID- 3859993
TI  - [The occurrence of supernumerary canals in the palatal roots of upper 1st
      molars].

PMID- 3859992
TI  - [Quality testing of cement materials using measures of linear deformation under
      laboratory conditions].

PMID- 3859994
TI  - [The significance of the incidence of various factors in the etiology of burning
      mouth syndrome].

PMID- 3859995
TI  - [Subjective oral symptoms in metal industry workers].

PMID- 3859996
TI  - [Genetic defects of the enamel].

PMID- 3859997
TI  - [The new WHO form for epidemiological research in dental and periodontal
      diseases].

PMID- 3859998
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime (CMX) for complicated urinary tract
      infection].
AB  - Cefmenoxime (CMX), a new semisynthetic antibiotic, was administrated in 29 cases
      diagnosed as complicated urinary tract infection. All patients received drip
      injection of 2 g (twice a day) for 5 days. Clinical results were excellent in 1
      patient (3.4%), good in 15 patients (51.8%) and poor in 13 patients (44.8%).
      Effectiveness rate was 55.2%. In bacteriological response, out of 35 strains 27
      (77.1%) strains were eradicated and 8 (22.9%) strains persisted. As for side
      effects, except one case of transient diarrhea after administration, no
      noteworthy reactions were observed. Laboratory abnormalities attributed to CMX
      treatment consisted of 4 cases of elevated serum transaminase and 2 cases of
      elevated serum creatinine.

PMID- 3859999
TI  - Spontaneous and cold pressor test-induced prostaglandin biosynthesis by human
      heart.
AB  - To investigate prostaglandin biosynthesis by the heart, 21 patients undergoing
      cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography for congenital or acquired heart
      diseases other than coronary artery disease were investigated. Prostacyclin (as 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha), PGE2, PGF2 alpha and TxA2 (as TxB2) were measured by specific
      radioimmunoassay in blood from coronary sinus, aorta, and a peripheral vein under
      resting conditions and following cold pressor test (CPT). PGF2 alpha was always
      found undetectable. In resting conditions, no significant differences in plasma 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha, PGE2, or TxB2 concentrations were found among coronary sinus,
      aorta, and peripheral venous blood and no transcardiac gradient existed (mean:
      +0.4 +/- 1.2 pg/ml for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, +0.1 +/- 0.6 pg/ml for PGE2, and -0.4
      +/- 9.9 pg/ml for TxB2). CPT was able to induce a significant increase in 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha and PGE2 concentration in blood from the different sampling sites and
      a significant transcardiac gradient was found following CPT (+11.6 +/- 7.4 pg/ml
      for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (p less than 0.01) and +5.2 +/- 3.6 pg/ml for PGE2 (p less
      than 0.001). TxB2 levels significantly increased in peripheral venous blood (from
      18.3 +/- 6.2 to 29.2 +/- 20.3 pg/ml, p less than 0.05), but they did not increase
      either in coronary sinus (from 21.9 +/- 9.7 to 22.9 +/- 9.8 pg/ml) or in aorta
      (from 22.3 +/- 4.7 to 19.1 +/- 6.5 pg/ml). Present results indicate that a
      cardiocoronary prostacyclin and PGE2 synthesis is inappreciable under resting
      conditions but it becomes remarkable following sympathetic stimulation. On the
      contrary, no TxA2 cardiocoronary biosynthesis seems to occur in patients free
      from coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3860000
TI  - Infectious and bleeding complications in patients with glycogenosis Ib.
AB  - Clinical, hematologic, and immunologic findings were reviewed in 21 patients with
      glycogenosis Ib. Fifteen of the patients suffered from moderate to severe
      bacterial infections. Ten patients had excessive epistaxis or bleeding from
      surgical sites, and eight suffered oral and anal mucosal ulceration. Sixteen of
      21 patients exhibited chronic neutropenia associated with abnormalities in
      myeloid maturation and decreases in the bone marrow storage and peripheral
      marginating pools. Diminished neutrophil motility was documented in 14 of 15
      patients tested, and adherence was decreased in three patients studied.
      Neutrophil microbicidal activity, reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium, and
      ingestion were normal in all patients tested. Bleeding times were prolonged in
      five of eight patients, and results of platelet function studies were abnormal in
      five individuals. Excessive bleeding in patients with glycogenoses Ia and Ib are
      similar and may be secondary to the functional deficiency of glucose-6
      phosphatase. However, neutropenia, neutrophil dysfunction, and the resulting
      infectious complications are specific for Ib disease and may be related to
      abnormal glucose-6-phosphate transport.

PMID- 3860001
TI  - Childhood leukemia and parental occupation. A register-based case-control study.
AB  - To explore possible etiologic factors of childhood leukemia, a case-control study
      was performed in the Netherlands. Cases were selected from a complete nationwide
      register of cases of childhood leukemia which were diagnosed between 1973 and
      1980. Controls were matched with cases for year of birth, sex, and place of
      residence at the time of diagnosis. Information about possible exposures was
      collected by a postal questionnaire addressed to the parents. This report
      concerns the results of the analysis of parental occupations and occupational
      exposures for 519 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia and 507 controls.
      During pregnancy, more mothers of patients were working in "hydrocarbon-related"
      occupations; relative risk (RR) = 2.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.7-9.4).
      Likewise, greater occupational exposure to chemicals (paint, petroleum products,
      and unspecified chemicals) during pregnancy was found for mothers of patients (RR
      = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.2-4.6). The kind of work being performed by the mothers one
      year before diagnosis did not differ between cases and controls. For the fathers,
      no relationship was found between a hydro-carbon-related occupation or
      occupational exposure to chemicals and leukemia in the offspring. Adjustment for
      birth order, social class, and degree of urbanization did not materially change
      the relative risks.

PMID- 3860002
TI  - Frequency of illness associated with epidemic hepatitis A virus infections in
      adults.
AB  - Hepatitis A virus infection is often described as mild or asymptomatic,
      particularly in children. The failure of most adults who are found to be immune
      to remember symptoms of an illness suggestive of hepatitis A virus supports this
      belief. In 1982, two large outbreaks occurred in well documented populations of
      military personnel. These outbreaks were each extensively studied
      epidemiologically and serologically. It was found that 28/29 (96.6%) hepatitis A
      infections recognized prior to immune serum globulin in Outbreak A and 35/46
      (76.1%) infections in Outbreak A were symptomatic. Symptomatic cases failed to
      occur beyond eight days of immune serum globulin administration to these
      predominantly susceptible groups. Between 40 and 70% of patients were icteric.
      Apparent contrasts in symptoms associated with hepatitis A infection in adults
      and children suggest a basic age-dependent difference in immune response to such
      infection.

PMID- 3860003
TI  - Protein kinases in human leukemic cells.
AB  - Protein kinase activities and cyclic AMP binding capacity were investigated in
      human peripheral blood cells from leukemic patients and normal controls. Using
      [gamma 32P] ATP as phosphoryldonor, the phosphorylating activities were not found
      to be significantly different in either normal or leukemic cells when measured on
      both artificial basic and acidic substrates. In contrast, the GTP-dependent
      casein kinase activity, CK2, which is almost undetectable in normal granulocytes,
      was markedly increased in highly proliferating myeloblastic cells from patients
      with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or with chronic myelogenous leukemia in
      blastic crisis (BC-CML). Levels of endogenous phosphotyrosine were not higher in
      leukemic cells than in normal peripheral lymphocytes or granulocytes. Finally,
      cAMP binding capacity was found to be increased in several types of proliferating
      leukemic cells, due to a higher amount of the R1-type regulatory subunit of the
      cAMP-dependent protein kinases. Specific patterns of cAMP binding proteins
      observed in the different types of normal blood cells were rather blurred in
      leukemic cells. In conclusion, modifications observed in human leukemic cells
      seem to be more related to proliferation or blockage in normal differentiation
      than to their cellular origin.

PMID- 3860004
TI  - A case of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia evolving into acute myelogenous leukemia
      associated with the development of trisomy 11 in bone marrow cells.
AB  - An 83-year-old woman who had a 5-year history of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia and
      a previous normal marrow cell karyotype presented with acute myelogenous leukemia
      (AML) associated with the development of trisomy 11 in 100% of cultured marrow
      cells. Isolated trisomy 11 in marrow cells has been reported previously in five
      cases of AML, suggesting that trisomy 11 is a nonrandom chromosomal aberration
      associated with AML.

PMID- 3860005
TI  - Transformation of myeloma into Ph1-negative CML with plasma cell antigens.
AB  - We report a patient in whom Ph1-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
      developed 15 years after the diagnosis of myeloma. Combined staining of
      morphologically myeloid elements in the peripheral blood for myeloid and
      plasmacytoid antigens revealed double-marker expression, suggesting that the two
      neoplasms arose from a common originator cell.

PMID- 3860006
TI  - Pulmonary leukostasis as the single worst prognostic factor in patients with
      acute myelocytic leukemia and hyperleukocytosis.
AB  - Patients with acute myelocytic leukemia and hyperleukocytosis have a poor
      prognosis due to vascular leukostasis and infiltration in the central nervous
      system and lungs. The clinical records of all patients with a new diagnosis of
      acute myelocytic leukemia and initial white blood cell count greater than 100,000
      X 10(9)/liter admitted to the Mount Sinai Medical Center between the years 1974
      and 1983 were examined. Forty-three patients were identified, 22 of whom had
      clinical and/or pathologic evidence of leukostasis of the central nervous system
      and/or lung. All patients received induction chemotherapy with daunorubicin and a
      continuous infusion of cytosine arabinoside. Thirty-five patients also underwent
      therapeutic leukapheresis prior to induction chemotherapy. The overall remission
      induction rate in these 43 patients was 51 percent. Fifteen patients had lung
      leukostasis; the remission rate for these patients was 27 percent (three complete
      remissions, one partial remission), as compared with a remission rate of 64
      percent (18 of 28) for those without pulmonary leukostasis (chi 21 = 5.53; p =
      0.02). Thirteen patients had central nervous system infiltration; the remission
      rate for these patients was 46 percent (five complete remissions, one partial
      remission), as compared with 53 percent (16 of 30) for patients without central
      nervous system involvement (chi 21 = 0.19; p = 0.67). The median survival of 21
      patients without leukostasis was 10.8 months, as compared with 15.4 months for
      seven patients with central nervous system involvement and no lung leukostasis
      and 0.2 months for 15 patients with pulmonary leukostasis (chi 22 = 19.9; p less
      than 0.001). Thus, pulmonary leukostasis was found to be the single worst
      prognostic factor in this group of patients.

PMID- 3860007
TI  - Paternity testing with genetic markers: are Y-linked genes more efficient than
      autosomal ones?
AB  - The average probability of exclusion for a Y-linked locus is computed and
      compared with that for an autosomal locus. It is shown that even if a Y-linked
      locus is only marginally polymorphic, it considerably enhances the chance of
      paternity exclusion in paternity dispute cases involving sons. For the positive
      identification of paternity, a Y-linked marker is not necessarily more ideal than
      an analogous autosomal marker since the discrimination of true fathers from
      random men not excluded from paternity (RMNEP) is still difficult on the basis of
      a paternity index. It is concluded that Y-linked markers are more efficient for
      paternity exclusions of male children, while for the positive identification of
      paternity their advantages over the autosomal markers are questionable.

PMID- 3860008
TI  - Enhanced expression of chromosome fragile site 10q25 in chronic myelogenous
      leukemia.
AB  - Spontaneous expression of a BrdU-sensitive fragile site at 10q25 was observed in
      normal lymphocytes and malignant blood and bone marrow cells in chronic
      myelogenous leukemia (CML). The cells were marked by a Philadelphia chromosome
      rearrangement due to insertion of 22q11----q13 at 11q13. The fragile site at
      10q25 was expressed in larger proportions of malignant than normal cells.
      Although this fragile site is not at a cancer chromosome breakpoint, malignancy
      enhanced its expression, consistent with a cascade effect.

PMID- 3860009
TI  - A perspective of the Crozat appliance with case reports of its present use.
AB  - Dr. Crozat of New Orleans first publicly described his removable appliance in
      1919. He led a small study club for years, sharing his ideas with a few fellow
      orthodontists, but published only one article. A.T. Wiebrecht, a general dentist
      from Milwaukee, studied with Dr. Crozat for many years. In 1966, Wiebrecht
      published his book, Crozat Appliances in Maxillofacial Orthopedics, and for the
      first time information about the Crozat appliance was made available to all
      dentists. Dr. Wiebrecht's goal was to treat all patients to Pont's index;
      therefore, he advocated lateral expansion of molars and premolars. Wiebrecht's
      philosophy of expansion appeals to many gnathologists and pedodontists. Dr.
      Crozat's goal was to solve crowding by the distal movement of molars. As he moved
      the molars distally, expansion of the appliance was necessary because the bony
      dental arch itself is wider in the posterior regions. He did expand the lower
      premolars if they were lingually positioned, but he did not expand the upper
      canines or premolars as a routine part of his treatment. Thus, two entirely
      different applications of this appliance have been developed. This article
      examines the history of Dr. Crozat and his appliance, discusses the development
      and divergence in its use, and demonstrates this divergence with a few selected,
      documented case reports.

PMID- 3860010
TI  - Dentofacial findings in two individuals with unoperated bilateral cleft lip.
AB  - Details of the dentofacial relationships in two patients with different degrees
      of bilateral cleft lip and/or alveolus are presented. The severity of the cleft
      has a strong influence on the extent of the associated anomalies present.

PMID- 3860011
TI  - Begg-edgewise diagnosis-determined totally individualized orthodontic technique:
      foundations, description, and rationale.
AB  - This article presents an appliance system designed to facilitate efficient
      treatment by the use of the biomechanical approach considered most suitable by
      the orthodontist for the individual patient. The system described uses narrow,
      single brackets with 0.022 X 0.028 inch edgewise arch wire slots and 0.020 X
      0.020 inch vertical slots for various auxiliaries. There are five brackets that
      differ only in the torque of the arch wire slot-0 degree, 5 degrees, 10 degrees,
      15 degrees, and 20 degrees. Thus, an appropriate bracket can be selected for any
      tooth in any situation. The brackets and bonding pads are small in all dimensions
      to ensure optimal appearance and interbracket arch wire spans and minimal lip and
      cheek irritation. This also lessens occlusal interference, enamel surface
      involved in bonding, and problems with gingival proximity and oral hygiene. The
      basic buccal tubes are conventional 4.5 mm long, 0.022 X 0.028 inch torqued
      edgewise tubes. A buccal tube assembly with a similar additional rectangular tube
      carried diagonally at a 15 degree angle across the buccal surface of the basic
      tube (its mesial end pointing gingivally) is used in extraction cases with deep
      overbites or moderate-to-severe anchorage requirements. The angulated outer tube
      carries the main (working) arch wire during the bite-opening and retraction
      phases of treatment. A rectangular sectional wire in the inner tube and second
      premolar bracket locks the molar and premolar teeth together so that neither can
      tip independently. As a unit they provide anchorage for bite opening and
      retraction. The gingivally positioned and angulated outer tube directs the arch
      wire out of danger of distortion from mastication and provides a built-in
      biteopening effect. The molar and premolar teeth, in effect, become a single
      large tooth with its center of resistance (CR) further mesial than the CR of the
      molar. Sectional wires result in a more favorable system of moments created by
      arch wires and elastics. This delivers more intrusive force to the incisors with
      less tendency to tip the anchor units. The appliance provides the orthodontist
      with an extensive range of options in treatment mechanics--from anchorage
      conservation and rapid movement of limited tipping by light forces to translation
      or stabilization with precise three-dimensional control.

PMID- 3860012
TI  - Prediction of mandibular incisor and canine crowding changes in the mixed
      dentition.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that preeruptive tooth positions and dental arch
      parameters might forecast crowding changes, a sample of 47 aboriginal children
      (26 males, 21 females) was selected stringently on the basis of Class 1
      characteristics and an untreated dentition unaffected by caries or attrition.
      Crowding scores, radiographic relationships of 765E, and dental arch dimensions
      were evaluated for the mixed dentition (Stage 1, 8.91 +/- 1.05 years) and
      earliest emergence of the permanent dentition (Stage 2, 12.48 +/- 0.97 years).
      Changes between the stages were calculated and the sample was divided into two
      groups, according to an increase (Group 1) or decrease (Group 2) in incisor and
      canine crowding. Multivariate and multiple regression analyses were used to
      identify predictors (Stage 1 radiographic and dental arch parameters) of incisor
      and canine crowding behavior. Dental arch form and tooth size were important
      factors in measuring the amount of incisor or canine crowding at Stage 1 and
      Stage 2. Neither the radiographic nor the dental arch predictors proved useful in
      forecasting crowding changes. Group 2 dental arches tended to be initially
      narrower, shallower, and more crowded; however, they showed greater molar and
      canine width expansion and lessened arch depth reduction than Group 1 cases. Many
      cases showed a reduction in canine crowding from mixed to permanent dentition.
      This appeared to be largely independent of the observed incisor crowding. Sexual,
      racial, and individual variations in dentofacial pattern reinforce the need to
      carefully consider interceptive extraction or space-regaining therapy for each
      patient because of the unpredictability of crowding behavior during the
      transition from mixed to permanent dentition.

PMID- 3860013
TI  - Development of human craniofacial morphology during the late embryonic and early
      fetal periods.
AB  - After formation of the primary palate during the fifth and sixth weeks
      postconception (PC), human facial morphology develops rapidly and by 10 weeks PC
      the face has a typically human appearance. The objective of this study was to
      review major growth changes associated with development of face shape during this
      period. Morphometric evaluation of staged human embryos and fetuses in the
      Carnegie Embryological Collection showed that between 7 and 10 weeks PC when
      crown-rump (CR) length increased from 18 to 49 mm, facial structures grew
      predominantly in the sagittal plane, with a four-fold increase in length, a two
      fold increase in height, but little change in width. These growth changes altered
      relations of oronasal structures and at 8 weeks PC the palatal shelves elevated.
      The sagittal position of the maxilla and the mandible to the anterior cranial
      base increased by 25 degrees and 30 degrees, respectively, and the mandible was
      prognathic during secondary palate closure in the first 2 weeks of fetal
      development. Both the mean cranial base angulation--which remained unchanged at
      128 degrees--and the achieved maxillary position of 84 degrees were similar to
      the angulations present later, prenatally and postnatally. Therefore, human
      patterns of cranial base angulation and maxillary position appear to develop
      during the late embryonic period when the chondrocranium and Meckel's cartilage
      form the continuous craniofacial skeleton. The results suggest that rapid
      directional growth of the primary cartilages is important to development of
      normal human facial morphology and that interference with normal growth changes
      during this early critical period may produce irreversible effects on the face.

PMID- 3860016
TI  - Prevalence of bulimia in working and university women.
AB  - The authors determined the prevalence of binge eating and bulimia in samples of
      139 working women and 234 women who were university students. Although binge
      eating was found in 57 (41%) of the working women and 161 (69%) of the university
      women, the syndrome of bulimia was found in only two (1%) of the working women
      and 12 (5%) of the university women. These findings, although significant, stand
      in sharp contrast to popular reports that one-half or more of young women suffer
      from eating disorders. Further, they reveal systematic differences in the
      prevalence of bulimic behaviors between working women and university women.
      Results are discussed in terms of factors that might be associated with bulimia
      in these two samples of women.

PMID- 3860014
TI  - Fatal antral ulcer in conventionally fed W/Wv mutant mice given indomethacin by
      injection.
AB  - Antral ulcers develop spontaneously in (WB X C57BL/6)F1-W/Wv mice. Most W/Wv mice
      with severe ulcers die within 3 months after birth. When healthy-looking W/Wv
      mice were selected at 4 months of age, 80-90% of them were free from the ulcer.
      Even if the ulcer was present, it was small. The authors compared the
      susceptibility of such healthy-looking W/Wv mice to ulcerogenic treatments with
      that of the congenic +/+ mice. Stress caused development of fundic erosions in
      both W/Wv and +/+ mice. The susceptibility of the W/Wv mice to either cold or
      water-immersed stress was not higher than that of the +/+ mice. Topical
      administration of aspirin produced erosions in both fundus and antrum. The
      susceptibility of W/Wv mice to aspirin was comparable to that of the +/+ mice in
      either the starved or the fed condition. Subcutaneous injection of indomethacin
      produced both fundic erosions and antral ulcers in the starved condition, but it
      produced only antral ulcers in the conventionally fed condition. The
      susceptibility of the starved W/Wv mice to indomethacin was not higher than that
      of the starved +/+ mice. In contrast, the fed W/Wv mice were significantly more
      susceptible to indomethacin than the fed +/+ mice. A considerable proportion of
      the fed W/Wv mice died of blood loss from the ulcer within 24 hours. The size of
      the ulcer of the W/Wv mice was significantly larger than that of the +/+ mice.
      Both genetic and feeding conditions seem to determine the susceptibility to
      indomethacin.

PMID- 3860015
TI  - Compartmentalization of 11-oxidoreductase within fetal lung alveolus.
AB  - The role of 11-oxidoreductase in the cellular process of fetal lung surfactant
      production and its localization within the alveolar domain have been
      investigated. In organotypic cultures of fetal rat lung, cortisol and cortisone
      markedly stimulate saturated phosphatidylcholine synthesis by the alveolar type
      II cell; a 10-fold excess of 11-ketoprogesterone blocks the bioactivity of
      cortisone. Both cortisol and cortisone also stimulate fibroblast-pneumonocyte
      factor production, whereas 11-ketoprogesterone blocks the effect of cortisone,
      but not of cortisol, suggesting that cortisone stimulation of fibroblast
      pneumonocyte factor production depends on its conversion to cortisol by 11
      oxidoreductase. A survey of the cells that are present in the alveolar domain
      revealed that 11-oxidoreductase activity is only present in the fibroblast.
      Localization of both 11-oxidoreductase and fibroblast-pneumonocyte factor
      production within the same cell emphasizes the significance of 11-oxidoreductase
      in the regulation of fetal lung surfactant production.

PMID- 3860017
TI  - Massed negative practice as a behavioral treatment for Gilles de la Tourette's
      syndrome.
AB  - Gilles de al Tourette's syndrome with its vocal and motor tics has been treated
      successfully with haloperidol and in some cases with massed negative practice.
      Two additional cases of successful treatment with massed negative practice are
      presented, one with additional psychotherapy, one with two-year follow-up. The
      combined use of haloperidol and massed negative practice may be optimal in some
      cases.

PMID- 3860018
TI  - A hazard with the Servo 900B ventilator.

PMID- 3860019
TI  - Antipollution systems.

PMID- 3860020
TI  - Faults in expiratory valves.

PMID- 3860021
TI  - The MultiCircuit System. 1. Description of a device providing several Mapleson
      functions.
AB  - A device which provides for analogues of the Mapleson A, D and E anaesthetic
      breathing circuits in a compact and reasonably robust form is described. It
      incorporates a single lever for switching between Mapleson modes and uses a
      Heidbrink valve in the same way as the familiar CO2 absorbers. The breathing hose
      attachment points are similar to those on the CIG (BOC) Mark 3 absorber. This
      allows use with standard breathing tubes for non-coaxial purposes and, with the
      Mera F attachment, provides a coaxial circuit. Anaesthetic gas scavenging
      facilities are incorporated.

PMID- 3860022
TI  - The MultiCircuit System. 2. A study during spontaneous ventilation in awake
      volunteers using the Mapleson A mode.
AB  - Mapleson's A and D are the most efficient semiclosed nonabsorbing circuits used
      for spontaneous and controlled ventilation. A new device, the MultiCircuit
      System, allows single-lever selection of Mapleson A or D functions, when used
      with the conventional two hoses or Mera F coaxial circuit attached. In the A
      mode, in a study performed on awake volunteers, the MultiCircuit System with two
      hoses performed comparably to the Magill attachment. When coupled with the Mera F
      circuit as a coaxial system, the MultiCircuit System was less efficient than the
      Magill, and had a resistance to expiration exceeding 2cm H2O pressure at a gas
      flow of 30 l/minute.

PMID- 3860023
TI  - Split ventilator bellows.

PMID- 3860024
TI  - Stiffness changes in thermodynamic Nitinol with increasing temperature.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to measure and describe the physical properties of
      a recently-developed thermodynamic Nitinol alloy, type A-138, at intervals of
      temperature between room and body temperatures. The properties of stiffness,
      flexure yield strength and permanent deformation were measured, demonstrating
      that the working range of Nitinol A-138 is directly related to increases in
      temperature between 75 degrees F and 100 degrees F. As stiffness of the .017''
      round A-138 Nitinol wire increases, the yield point decreases. In the loading
      cycle, yield points dropped from 36 degrees angular deflection at 75 degrees F to
      25 degrees at 100 degrees F. In the unloading cycle, the yield point at 75
      degrees F was 41 degrees of deflection, with force dropping to zero at 35
      degrees; at 100 degrees F, yield point was only 12 degrees and force did not drop
      to zero until unloaded to 3 degrees angular deflection.

PMID- 3860025
TI  - Malocclusion in black Americans and Nyeri Kenyans. An epidemiologic study.

PMID- 3860026
TI  - Dentoskeletal determinants of soft tissue morphology.
AB  - The position of the lips and the soft tissues overlying points A and B seem to be
      substantially related to the horizontal positions of the upper and lower incisors
      and to the angulation of the upper incisor. The angulation of the lower incisor
      is much less important than its spatial position. The A-N-B angle is strongly
      related to the overlying soft tissue outline. Point A convexity is a very
      important factor in soft tissue form. The Ricketts E line, the Steiner S line and
      the soft tissue facial plane all seem to be equally acceptable bases for
      assessment of the soft tissues of the profile.

PMID- 3860027
TI  - Orthodontic treatment and tongue surgery in a class III open-bite malocclusion. A
      case report.
AB  - Cases such as this are a real challenge to clinical orthodontists. They require
      patience as well as proper diagnosis and treatment planning. The orthodontist
      must also help the patient psychologically by treating the teeth and surrounding
      structures and by treating the patient as an individual. It is the feeling of
      both the Author and the Plastic surgeon in this case, Dr. Fernando Ortiz
      Monasterio, that this type of surgery would be successful in most non
      pathological macroglossia cases. It appears that the sutured areas might be said
      to develop more dense epithelial tissue, not allowing the tongue to expand and
      readapt so readily to the position of the teeth in the mandibular arch. This is
      indicated in the present case, as is demonstrated by the decrease in width of the
      mandibular arch from the first molar area to the anterior part of the mouth. It
      should be noted that orthognathic surgery was not as widely used at the time that
      this patient was studied and treated as it is today. If this case had presented
      for the first time this year, it is likely that the treatment plan of most
      orthodontists would have combined orthognathic and tongue surgery, with
      orthodontics to lessen trauma to the supporting structures of the teeth from the
      extreme and complicated mechanics which would have to be used in treatment. The
      psychological aspects of this case were of tremendous importance; the treatment
      results have undoubtedly changed his life completely (Fig. 10). Once unable to
      speak clearly with his oversize tongue, he has since gone on to complete his
      education and is now a successful orthodontist.

PMID- 3860028
TI  - Spaced dentition. An epidemiologic study.
AB  - This epidemiologic study deals with the incidence of spaced dentition in 1279
      students between the ages of 12 and 18 years. The sample includes only those with
      a full complement of permanent teeth (third molars were not considered) and with
      no apparent etiological conditions that might lead to disruption of dental arch
      continuity. The sample was evenly divided by age and sex. Frequency of spaced
      dentition was high, occurring in 51.8% of males and in 45.5% of females.
      Prevalence was less in higher age groups, and the sexual dimorphism that was
      significant in the 14 YR-16 YR group was not found in the 16 YR-18 YR group. The
      mean number of spaces per subject was 6 +/- 4.3 for males and 5 +/- 3.7 for
      females, again displaying diminishing incidence with age and a concomitant
      absence of the sexual dimorphism in the highest age group. Spaces were found in
      both arches in 49.5% of the spaced dentitions, and in only the maxillary arch in
      34.3%. Incidence of spacing in the mandibular arch alone was only 16.2%. In most
      subjects the spaces were distributed equally between the two quadrants of each
      arch. The most common sites and largest space widths in either dental arch were
      found between cuspids and the first bicuspids and between cuspids and lateral
      incisors.

PMID- 3860029
TI  - Dental development, dental age and tooth counts.
AB  - Emergence data on the 20 deciduous teeth and the first 29 permanent teeth were
      collected from 212 randomly selected urban Swedish children who were followed
      from birth to 18 years of age. The sex difference in the emergence of the
      deciduous teeth is less than one month, which is not statistically significant.
      Boys are consistently ahead of girls until the 17th deciduous tooth. From the
      17th deciduous tooth on through most of the permanent dentition, girls are
      consistently ahead of boys. In the permanent dentition the sex difference ranges
      from 3 MO to 11 MO; these differences are statistically significant except for
      the 29th tooth. Reference data on dental age based on counts of 1-19 deciduous
      and 1-27 permanent teeth are tabulated and tooth emergence curves constructed.
      The tooth emergence curves can be used to express individual dental development
      in terms of standard deviation scores. Validity of dental age assessed by counts
      of permanent teeth is evaluated by a cross-sectional comparison with another
      sample of Swedish boys and girls. The mean difference between estimated age and
      chronological age is about one month in either sex. Precision of an individual
      estimate of dental development in terms of 95% confidence level (approximately
      equal to +/- 2 S.D.) varies from about +/- 4 months in the deciduous dentition to
      +/- 3 years in the permanent dentition. Assessment of dental development and
      dental age by means of tooth counts is a convenient and simple method, although
      it can only be applied at ages when emergence can be expected. It is especially
      useful in cross-sectional evaluations, as no serial data are required. In
      populations with a low incidence of caries the impact of such disturbing factors
      on emergence is correspondingly low, further increasing the validity of
      assessments of dental development based on tooth emergence.

PMID- 3860031
TI  - Bulimia and gastric cancer.

PMID- 3860030
TI  - Relative oxytocic properties of fenprostalene compared with cloprostenol,
      prostaglandin F2 alpha, and oxytocin in the ovariectomized ewe.
AB  - The oxytocic effect of a prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue, fenprostalene, was
      assessed in 4 ovariectomized ewes fitted with electrodes in both uterine horns
      and in the cervix. In the absence of estradiol priming, significant motility
      changes were not elicited by fenprostalene. Conversely, when ewes were primed
      with 17-beta-estradiol, fenprostalene markedly increased the electrical activity
      in the uterus and cervix. After a single subcutaneous fenprostalene
      administration (5 micrograms/kg), activity values remained about twice that of
      the control values during 8.52 +/- 3.31 hours. When the same dosage was
      administered IM, similar post-injection activity values were obtained, but only
      during 5.88 +/- 0.72 hours. Oxytocic effects of fenprostalene were far longer
      than those elicited by a single IM administration of 50 micrograms of
      prostaglandin F2 alpha (tham salt)/kg (0.91 +/- 0.32 hours) or by a single IM
      administration of 1 microgram of cloprostenol/kg (1.88 +/- 0.81 hours). Using the
      dose-effect relationship curve obtained from the same ewes by continuous IV
      infusions of oxytocin (OXT), the postinjection activity values reached after a
      single subcutaneous administration of fenprostalene were equivalent to those of
      an IV infusion of OXT at an average dose of 4.09 ImU of OXT/kg/hr for 6 to 13
      hours, according to the values of the particular ewe concerned. These long
      lasting oxytocic properties, in addition to its luteolytic capabilities, would
      make fenprostalene a suitable drug for promoting effective evacuation of the
      uterus when required in daily veterinary practice.

PMID- 3860033
TI  - In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

PMID- 3860032
TI  - In vitro fertilization and embryo replacement: opening lecture.

PMID- 3860034
TI  - Effect of clomiphene on the functional morphology of oviductal and uterine
      mucosa.
AB  - The effect of clomiphene on the functional morphology of the uterine and
      oviductal mucosa was studied in rabbits by means of light and electron microscopy
      (SEM and TEM). Tissues were obtained from mature nulliparous animals receiving
      subcutaneous doses ranging from 0.01-10 mg/kg per day. In all cases the effects
      were evaluated 2 days after termination of treatment. With 2 and 10 mg, effects
      were studied up to 12 and 7 days, respectively. Normally appearing oviductal and
      endometrial tissues, corresponding to various stages of the cycle, were observed
      with doses up to 5 mg. However, a burst of cellular secretory activity becomes
      evident with the administration of higher doses. Apical protrusions or
      cytoplasmic portions seem to be extruded, and draw attention. These cytologic
      events are concentrated near gland openings in the endometrium and can be seen
      abundantly among cilia of oviductal cells. Other ultrastructural changes are
      evident as well. These histologic changes may reflect nonsynchronous cellular
      activities which in turn interfere with oviductal and endometrial functions
      before implantation.

PMID- 3860035
TI  - Culture factors affecting the success rate of in vitro fertilization and embryo
      transfer.
AB  - The development of one-cell mouse zygotes to the blastocyst stage in vitro has
      been used as a quality control for the media and handling procedures employed for
      human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET). One-cell mouse zygotes
      were placed in culture in medium containing bovine serum albumin. Aliquots of the
      same batch of medium containing female patients' homologous serum were used for
      the fertilization and culture of human oocytes. The following procedures were
      associated with high rates of mouse embryo development and human pregnancies
      following IVF/ET: adequate gassing and equilibration of the medium, double
      rinsing of pipets and catheters used to handle embryos, use of a HEPES-buffered
      medium for manipulating embryos in the absence of an atmosphere containing 5%
      CO2, control of excessive temperature in the vicinity of the embryos, and ET
      using medium containing 50% patient's serum. The institution of these procedures
      gave more consistent pregnancy rates. However, there was no obvious association
      between fertilization and cleavage of human oocytes and the quality of the medium
      ascertained by the mouse embryo development test. In a continuing trial, we are
      comparing two culture media (modified Tyrode's and a medium formulated on the
      composition of human fallopian tube fluid [HTF]) and two culture techniques
      (culture in medium under oil in petri dishes and in loosely capped tubes).
      Significantly more mouse zygotes developed in HTF medium compared to Tyrode's
      medium. In a randomized 2 X 2 factorial trial with human IVF/ET, the highest
      pregnancy rate occurred when fertilization and culture were carried out in HTF
      medium under oil, but numbers are not yet sufficient to show any statistical
      difference between treatments.

PMID- 3860036
TI  - The origin and distribution of cortical granules in human oocytes with reference
      to Golgi, nucleolar, and microfilament activity.
AB  - The origin and distribution of cortical granules were investigated in human
      preovulatory oocytes at various phases of maturation. Twenty-five oocytes
      obtained from unstimulated small antral follicles and from stimulated large
      antral and mature follicles were examined by transmission electron microscopy.
      Ovarian stimulation in women was accomplished by administering Clomid followed by
      hMG or hCG or both. Small antral follicle oocytes were dissected from ovarian
      biopsies, while the other oocytes were recovered by laparoscopy. Some oocytes
      were allowed to mature in Ham's F-10 or Whittingham's T-6 media before routine
      fixation in glutaraldehyde/osmium. Cortical granules originate from typical,
      hypertrophic Golgi complexes during early maturation and continue till its
      completion. Evidently there are two waves of cortical granule synthesis, the
      first more prolific than the second. The first occurred in small antral follicle
      oocytes, when there was a peak in Golgi activity, and the second was observed at
      the germinal vesicle stage, particularly at the onset of resumption of meiosis.
      Golgi complexes became progressively scarce as oocytes completed first
      maturation. Golgi membranes were also involved in the formation of lysosomes. A
      well-defined band of microfilaments was detected in small antral follicle oocytes
      which seemed to prevent the cortical granules, organized in a single layer, from
      migrating to the periphery. This band gradually became disorganized at the
      germinal vesicle stage as oocytes resumed meiosis, when cortical granules were
      apparently migrating to the surface. Metaphase I and mature oocytes had one to
      three discontinuous layers of cortical granules beneath the oolemma. The general
      organization of oocytes was also investigated and the roles of the nucleolus and
      endoplasmic reticulum in relation to Golgi activity and cell secretion were
      discussed.

PMID- 3860037
TI  - Successful use of in vitro fertilization for patients with persisting low-quality
      semen.

PMID- 3860038
TI  - Absence of sperm antibodies in follicular fluid of women having sperm agglutinins
      in serum.

PMID- 3860039
TI  - An economic and ethical way to introduce in vitro fertilization to infertility
      practice, and findings related to postcoital sperm/mucus penetration in isolated
      tubal, "cervical," and unexplained infertility.

PMID- 3860040
TI  - Ultrastructure of maturing human oocytes.

PMID- 3860041
TI  - Impairment of human embryo development after abnormal in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 3860042
TI  - Factors influencing human embryonic development in vitro.

PMID- 3860043
TI  - Embryo transfer.

PMID- 3860044
TI  - Is the short luteal phase a defective luteal phase?

PMID- 3860045
TI  - Pregnancy proteins in the endometrium after follicle aspiration for in vitro
      fertilization.
AB  - Placental proteins PP10, PP12, and PP14 and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A
      (PAPP-A) and relaxin (RX) were studied by the immunoperoxidase method in the
      uterine mucosa at the time of embryo replacement in 18 women for whom no embryo
      was available to be replaced. All subjects had received 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone caproate at the time of follicle aspiration, which had been
      performed 36 hours after preovulatory administration of hCG. The time between
      follicle aspiration and endometrial biopsy varied from 26 to 216 hours. PP10 was
      not detected in any specimen. RX was found in 17 of 18, PP12 in 15 of 18, PAPP-A
      in 14 of 18, and PP14 in 6 of 18 specimens. In a normal cycle, PP12, PAPP-A and
      RX appear in the endometrium on the fourth day post ovulation. In the conditions
      described above the same proteins could be seen in the endometrium sooner after
      oocyte retrieval. This may be due to a strong progesterone effect after multiple
      follicle aspirations and treatment with 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. The
      significance of the occurrence of these pregnancy proteins as well as that of the
      morphologic and biochemical maturity of the endometrium at the time of embryo
      transfer are discussed.

PMID- 3860046
TI  - Ultrastructure of a two-cell human embryo fertilized in vivo.

PMID- 3860047
TI  - Monitoring embryos after in vitro fertilization using early pregnancy factor.

PMID- 3860048
TI  - Maternal age: a major factor affecting the prospects and outcome of pregnancy.

PMID- 3860049
TI  - Chromosomal preparations from human oocytes.

PMID- 3860050
TI  - Chromosome studies of early human embryos: proof of fertilization in uncleaved
      human oocytes.

PMID- 3860051
TI  - Genetic aspects of in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 3860052
TI  - The selection of couples for in vitro fertilization and embryo replacement.

PMID- 3860053
TI  - Psychological interviews in screening couples undergoing in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 3860054
TI  - The impact of in vitro fertilization on tubal surgery for complete fimbrial
      obstruction.

PMID- 3860055
TI  - Cryopreservation of human embryos.
AB  - Studies on the cryopreservation of ninety-seven 4-cell and 8-cell human embryos
      indicate that morphologic survival can be achieved by means of two different
      cryoprotectants and two different freezing procedures. To date, pregnancies can
      be achieved after freezing and thawing of 8-cell human embryos cooled at 0.3
      degree C per minute to -80 degrees C in the presence of 1.5 molar dimethyl
      sulfoxide (DMSO) and thawed at +8 degrees C per minute from -80 degrees C to +4
      degrees C. By this procedure, 27 of 47 (57%) embryos frozen survived with 50% or
      more of their blastomeres intact. The transfer of these 27 embryos to 22 patients
      resulted in five pregnancies (22%). Morphologic survival of 4-cell and 8-cell
      human embryos after freezing and thawing is not affected by slight irregularities
      in blastomere size or the presence of small cytoplasmic fragments. Light and
      electron microscopic examination of fixed specimens indicates a good correlation
      between the appearance of frozen-thawed embryos at the dissecting microscope
      level and the extent of cryoinjury.

PMID- 3860056
TI  - Monitoring the LH surge by ultrarapid and highly sensitive immunofluorometric
      assay.
AB  - A novel time-resolved immunofluorometric method is described for the estimation
      of human luteinizing hormone (LH) in serum and urine. The method utilizes two
      monoclonal antibodies: one reacting with the beta-subunit is adsorbed to the wall
      of a microtiter well, and the other is labeled with a fluorescent europium
      chelate and reacts with the alpha-subunit. The method is ultrarapid (15-30 min)
      and highly sensitive (1 IU/L). A large linear measuring range allows measurement
      of LH levels from 1 to 250 IU/L. For the monitoring of urinary LH, IFMA gives the
      same information as the Hi-Gonavis assay, but it has the advantages of greater
      sensitivity and a shorter assay time. For the determination of serum LH levels,
      an acceptable correlation was observed between radioimmunoassay and IFMA.
      Furthermore, IFMA has a greater sensitivity, and is more rapid and not dependent
      on the handling of radioactive materials.

PMID- 3860057
TI  - Helsinki statement on human in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 3860058
TI  - Historical aspects of the ethics of in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 3860059
TI  - Ethics of in vitro fertilization: 1984.

PMID- 3860060
TI  - Extragenomic regulation and autonomous expression of a developmental program in
      the early mammalian embryo.

PMID- 3860061
TI  - Bioethical decision-making: which path to choose?

PMID- 3860062
TI  - Ethical and moral issues of in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 3860063
TI  - The ethics of the reproduction revolution.

PMID- 3860064
TI  - A practical ethical framework for in vitro fertilization and related reproductive
      interventions.

PMID- 3860065
TI  - Jewish and Moslem aspects of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

PMID- 3860067
TI  - Experimental assessments and clinical applications of conditioned food aversions.

PMID- 3860066
TI  - Polyspermy in in vitro fertilization of human oocytes: frequency and possible
      causes.
AB  - In an IVF program a total of 585 oocytes (180 patients) were examined for the
      presence of pronuclei 16 to 20 hours after the addition of spermatozoa. The
      overall fertilization rate was 71%, and in 58 (10%) of the fertilized oocytes,
      three or more pronuclei, indicating a failure of the block to polyspermy, could
      be observed. The frequency of polyspermy was related to the maturity of the
      oocyte, determined according to morphologic criteria. Immature oocytes showed a
      higher percentage of polyspermic fertilization (32%) compared to that of mature
      oocytes (6%). Preincubation of oocytes (for 0.5-1.5, 2-4, and 5-8 hours) prior to
      the addition of spermatozoa increased the fertilization rate (to 67%, 70%, and
      83%, respectively). The polyspermy rate, however, was not significantly different
      between the various preincubation intervals (13%, 14%, and 19%, respectively).
      The polyspermy rate was affected by the number of spermatozoa used for in vitro
      fertilization. Insemination with 0.5-0.8, 1.0, or 1.5-2.0 X 10(6)
      spermatozoa/oocyte resulted in a polyspermy rate of 6%, 20%, and 32%,
      respectively. The appearance of polyspermic fertilization was not related to the
      age of the patient (which ranged from 20 to 45 years) nor to the method of
      ovarian stimulation (clomiphene, hMG, or clomiphene/hMG). Because of the high
      incidence of polyspermy under in vitro conditions it seems to be important to
      routinely examine the oocytes in the pronuclear stage. Reduction of the number of
      spermatozoa used for in vitro fertilization and the exact timing of insemination
      according to the maturity of the oocyte might reduce the occurrence of
      polyspermic fertilization.

PMID- 3860068
TI  - Neural mediation of conditioned food aversions.
AB  - The above discussion is only a brief review of what is known about the neural
      mediation of conditioned food aversions. Although several other approaches were
      not mentioned (e.g. biochemical studies), one can still appreciate the value of
      the aversion paradigm for providing important information about neural mechanisms
      in learning and memory. A theoretical approach that may be valuable in
      understanding brain function in conditioned food aversion data is Hughlings
      Jackson's hierarchical notions of nervous organization. Hedonic responses to food
      stimuli appear to be brainstem reflexes. On top of these are rostral brain
      structures that add greater complexity to the consummatory behavior of the
      organism. An important aspect of this complexity is reflected in an animal's
      ability to form conditioned food aversions, a process undoubtedly tied intimately
      to particular neural mechanisms.

PMID- 3860069
TI  - Toxiphobia, "social reinforcement," comparative psychology, and Patrick J.
      Capretta.

PMID- 3860070
TI  - A natural toxic defense system: cardenolides in butterflies versus birds.
AB  - We have verified that wild birds can become conditioned to reject naturally toxic
      insects either visually (experiment 1) or by taste (experiment 2). We have also
      verified, however, that unconditioned taste rejection of noxious chemicals by
      wild birds also occurs (experiment 3). Such unconditioned responses to the
      aposematic visual and taste cues of many insects, in fact, often appear to be as
      important as, or more important than, conditioned responses. In a large number of
      laboratory feeding experiments with wild birds as predators of aposematic
      insects, initial and/or long-term rejection occurs without prior laboratory
      conditioning experience. Although in some experiments the birds may have
      previously been exposed to (and therefore perhaps conditioned by) the aposematic
      prey in the wild, other experiments have used naive birds or insects whose ranges
      do not overlap those of the birds. Wiklund and Jarvi, for example, tested the
      response of 47 naive hand-raised birds of four species to five aposematic insect
      species, and found that 69/136 (51%) insects were rejected visually without even
      tasting, while 63 were tasted and then rejected. Only four of the insects were
      actually ingested. Similarly, in Bowers' study of the response of Massachusetts
      blue jays to aposematic western U.S. Euphydryas butterflies, several blue jays
      consistently rejected the butterflies visually or by taste without having eaten
      any. While these studies were not designed to separate neophobic effects from
      innate visual and/or taste aversions, they do differentiate between conditioned
      and unconditioned responses. Since both conditioned and unconditioned rejections
      can be demonstrated in the lab by insectivorous birds, and our available field
      evidence does not yet let us distinguish the mechanisms behind the observed
      patterns, our initial question, of the relative importance of conditioned versus
      unconditioned rejection mechanisms in different natural situations, is not yet
      answerable. The most important requirement of a food-rejection strategy is that
      it prevents both poisoning and starvation. We have shown, however, that rejection
      of a noxious insect by a bird can take place at four distinct levels (visual, non
      destructive taste sampling, destructive taste sampling, or post-ingestional
      physiological rejection), the first three of which may be either unconditioned or
      conditioned by a physiological reaction to ingestion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3860071
TI  - The role of Pavlovian conditioning in the acquisition of food likes and dislikes.

PMID- 3860072
TI  - Foraging, memory, and constraints on learning.

PMID- 3860073
TI  - Food-conditioned eating preferences and aversions with interoceptive elements:
      conditioned appetites and satieties.

PMID- 3860074
TI  - Conditioned taste aversions and immunopharmacology.

PMID- 3860075
TI  - Conditioned food aversion learning in humans.

PMID- 3860076
TI  - Predation control using conditioned food aversion methodology: theory, practice,
      and implications.

PMID- 3860077
TI  - Aversion therapy in the treatment of alcoholism: success and failure.

PMID- 3860078
TI  - Contextual influences on conditioned taste aversions in the developing rat.

PMID- 3860079
TI  - Cue-consequence specificity and long-delay learning revisited.

PMID- 3860080
TI  - A general theory of aversion learning.

PMID- 3860081
TI  - Sensory physiology of taste and smell discriminations using conditioned food
      aversion methodology.

PMID- 3860082
TI  - Memory dysfunctions: an integration of animal and human research from preclinical
      and clinical perspectives.

PMID- 3860083
TI  - Distributed models of cognitive processes. Applications to learning and memory.

PMID- 3860085
TI  - Strategies for the development of animal models of human memory impairments.

PMID- 3860084
TI  - Analyses of global memory impairments of different etiologies.

PMID- 3860086
TI  - Correspondence between humans and animals in coding of temporal attributes: role
      of hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

PMID- 3860087
TI  - Arginine vasopressin, stress, and memory.
AB  - Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been shown to have several non-renal actions
      including the potentiation of learned avoidance behavior in rats and improvement
      in cognitive functioning in humans. Research in our laboratory has confirmed
      these behavioral effects in rats using both peripheral and central injection of
      AVP. We have begun to examine the physiological basis for these effects.
      Peripheral administration of a vasopressor AVP antagonist reversed the
      prolongation of extinction produced by peripherally administered AVP in both
      active and passive avoidance, but also reversed the aversive unconditioned
      effects of AVP. However, central administration of the vasopressor AVP antagonist
      reversed peripheral effects of AVP only at doses shown to act peripherally to
      reverse vasopressor effects of AVP. An osmotic stress in doses known to liberate
      endogenous AVP mimicked the behavioral effects of exogenously administered AVP,
      and this stress effect was reversed by the AVP antagonist. These results support
      our hypothesis of separate but parallel AVP systems in the pituitary and brain
      with a role in behavioral adaptation to certain types of stress.

PMID- 3860088
TI  - A critical review of the role of the cholinergic system in human memory and
      cognition.

PMID- 3860089
TI  - Changes in cerebrospinal fluid associated with dementia.

PMID- 3860091
TI  - Analysis of age-related impairments in learning and memory in rodent models.

PMID- 3860090
TI  - Electrophysiological markers of aging and memory loss in rats.

PMID- 3860092
TI  - Animal behavioral models in the discovery of compounds to treat memory
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3860093
TI  - Memory dysfunction and vigilance: neurophysiological and psychopharmacological
      aspects.
AB  - Human brain function as measured by the computer-assisted spectral analyzed
      electroencephalogram (EEG) shows significant alterations in normal and
      pathological aging characterized by an increase of delta and theta activity and
      by a decrease of alpha and alpha-adjacent beta activity as well as by a slowing
      of the dominant frequency. These changes are indicative of deficits in the
      vigilance-regulatory systems. By the term vigilance we understand the
      availability and grade of organization of man's adaptive behavior, which in turn
      is dependent of the dynamic state of the total neural activity. An impairment of
      vigilance was found to be significantly correlated with the clinical
      symptomatology of the organic brain syndrome (OBS) as well as with mnestic
      performance deficits. Elderly subjects with bad memory exhibit slower activity
      and less alpha and alpha-adjacent beta activity than those with good memory. This
      was found to be true for both the time of acquisition and recall.
      Antihypoxidotic/nootropic drugs, such as the ergotalkaloids dihydroergotoxine and
      nicergoline, vincamine-alkaloids, piracetam, aniracetam, etiracetam, piridoxilate
      and others, induce interestingly just oppositional changes in human brain
      function, thereby improving vigilance. Other methods for proving therapeutic
      efficacy in man, like experimentally induced hypoxic hypoxidosis and the
      reversible alcoholic OBS, are discussed.

PMID- 3860094
TI  - Priming of old and new knowledge in amnesic patients and normal subjects.

PMID- 3860095
TI  - Searching for models of Alzheimer's disease: a comparison of four amnestic
      treatments in two behavioral tasks.

PMID- 3860096
TI  - Arginine vasopressin inoculates against age-related changes in temporal memory.

PMID- 3860097
TI  - The influence of sex steroids on human nonverbal memory processes.

PMID- 3860098
TI  - An automatic encoding deficit in the amnesia of Korsakoff's syndrome.

PMID- 3860100
TI  - The inaccessible, but intact engram: a challenge for animal models of memory
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3860099
TI  - Auditory emotional memories: establishment by projections from the medial
      geniculate nucleus to the posterior neostriatum and/or dorsal amygdala.

PMID- 3860102
TI  - Simple delayed discrimination in the rat: a behavioral baseline.

PMID- 3860101
TI  - Neurobehavioral effects of chronic choline-containing diets on the adult and
      aging C57BL/6NNIA mouse brain.

PMID- 3860103
TI  - The effects of aniracetam on primate behavior and EEG.

PMID- 3860104
TI  - Family member reports in geriatric psychopharmacology.

PMID- 3860105
TI  - Classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response in aged rabbits.
AB  - There was no difference between old and young animals in acquisition of the
      conditioned response in the delay conditioning paradigm, nor were there any age
      related differences in generalization to the tone CS or in sensitivity to the
      tone CS or eye shock UCS. In the trace conditioning paradigm, however, old
      animals acquired the conditioned response significantly slower than young
      animals. Because the same stimulus parameters and the same responses were used in
      both paradigms, it is unlikely that the age-related differences in trace
      conditioning were due to differences in stimulus sensitivity, motor deficits,
      motivation, or fatigue. Rather, the differences appear due to associative
      factors. The increased demands of the trace paradigm, which includes a within
      trial memory component, may be a critical factor in the age related disruption.
      Moreover, recent data suggest that trace and delay conditioning may involve
      different neuronal systems (e.g., hippocampus appears necessary for trace but not
      delay conditioning) and these systems may be differentially effected by the aging
      process.

PMID- 3860106
TI  - The effects of aniracetam (Ro 13-5057) on the enhancement and protection of
      memory.

PMID- 3860107
TI  - Amnesia in humans and animals after ischemic cerebral injury.

PMID- 3860108
TI  - An electrophysiological method for examining the effects of potential therapeutic
      agents on memory function.

PMID- 3860109
TI  - The effect of aging on learning curves.

PMID- 3860110
TI  - Uncovering malingered amnesia.

PMID- 3860111
TI  - Pharmacological effect of phosphatidylserine on age-dependent memory dysfunction.

PMID- 3860112
TI  - Normal learning set and facilitation of reversal learning in rats with combined
      fornix-amygdala lesions: implications for preserved learning abilities in
      amnesia.

PMID- 3860113
TI  - Animal and human memory dysfunctions associated with aging, cholinergic lesions,
      and senile dementia.

PMID- 3860114
TI  - Lesions in nucleus basalis magnocellularis and medial septal area of rats produce
      similar memory impairments in appetitive and non-appetitive behavioral tasks.

PMID- 3860115
TI  - Intracerebral injections of AF64A: an animal model of Alzheimer's disease?

PMID- 3860116
TI  - The avoidance of age differences in single-trial free recall.

PMID- 3860118
TI  - Memory complaints in depressed geriatric inpatients.

PMID- 3860117
TI  - Morphine-induced disruption of behavioral but not hippocampal conditioned
      responses during appetitive classical conditioning.

PMID- 3860119
TI  - Effects of aniracetam upon the delayed matching-to-sample performance of monkeys
      and pigeons.

PMID- 3860120
TI  - Dissociations among processes in remote memory.

PMID- 3860121
TI  - Brain transplants: can they restore single unit activity in the hippocampus?

PMID- 3860122
TI  - Different memory systems underlying acquisition of procedural and declarative
      knowledge.

PMID- 3860123
TI  - GABA effect on conditioned reflex responses in teleost.

PMID- 3860125
TI  - Fifth Cooley's Anemia Symposium.

PMID- 3860124
TI  - A disconnection analysis of amnesia.

PMID- 3860126
TI  - Observations on oxygen delivery, methemoglobinemia, and arterial oxygenation in
      patients with beta-thalassemia.

PMID- 3860127
TI  - Current therapy and new approaches to the treatment of thalassemia major.

PMID- 3860129
TI  - A second look at the distribution and frequency of the hemoglobinopathies.

PMID- 3860128
TI  - Current strategies in the management of Cooley's anemia.

PMID- 3860130
TI  - Treatment of iron overload in Cooley's anemia.

PMID- 3860131
TI  - Molecular pathology of alpha-thalassemia.
AB  - The different classes of mutations found in the alpha- and beta-thalassemia
      syndromes are summarized in FIGURE 5. Mutations affecting almost every stage of
      globin gene expression have been described. The only lesion not yet characterized
      is one affecting enhancing sequences, although such sequences have not yet been
      identified in the globin gene system. The clinically important alpha-thalassemias
      are the deletion types, which occur with much higher frequency than the
      nondeletion lesions. In contrast, apart from one deletion beta-thalassemia lesion
      found in Pakistan, all the clinically significant beta-thalassemia lesions are
      not caused by gene deletion. The common beta-thalassemia lesions in the
      Mediterranean region and Asia are caused by defective mRNA synthesis, processing,
      or translation. Why deletion lesions predominate in the alpha-thalassemias and
      nondeletion ones in the beta-thalassemias remains an enigma.

PMID- 3860132
TI  - The effect of subcutaneous deferoxamine on the cardiac profile of thalassemia
      major: a five-year study.

PMID- 3860133
TI  - Combined subcutaneous and high-dose intravenous deferoxamine therapy of
      thalassemia.
AB  - Although the preliminary findings are encouraging, to assess the effectiveness of
      the SHYD program on the long-term course of thalassemia, a larger patient
      population and longer treatment and follow-up period are needed. The presence of
      cardiac abnormalities in patients in Group I suggests that to prevent heart
      damage in thalassemia, it may be necessary to start the HTP and effective
      chelation therapy at a very young age, realizing that the amount of iron removed
      will be small. The finding that two of the four patients who survived to receive
      the largest amount of Fe/kg have intact spleens and another had splenectomy at
      age 24 suggests that, in these patients, the spleen may have had a protective
      role for the heart. If this observation is confirmed, it would provide evidence
      that removal of the spleen may adversely affect the long-term course of patients
      with thalassemia. Six years' experience with the SHYD program has not provided
      evidence for significant acute or chronic toxicity. This suggests that it might
      be safe to administer the i.v. treatments at home, a program that is anticipated
      for the future, as it would significantly reduce cost and possibly be more
      convenient.

PMID- 3860134
TI  - Improved oxygen delivery to tissues and iron chelator transport through the use
      of lysed and resealed red blood cells: a new perspective on Cooley's anemia
      therapy.

PMID- 3860135
TI  - A psychosocial needs assessment of patients with homozygous beta-thalassemia.

PMID- 3860136
TI  - Psychosocial impacts on a thalassemic patient's life.

PMID- 3860137
TI  - Thalassemic children's understanding of illness: a study of cognitive and
      emotional factors.
AB  - A study that explored children's understanding of the body and illness was
      conducted with 23 thalassemic outpatients and 27 healthy controls. The findings
      were supportive of a developmental progression in children's understanding that
      is reflective of their underlying cognitive maturity. Behavioral compliance was
      related to psychiatric adjustment. There was a trend toward poorer psychiatric
      adjustment in children with impaired understanding of their illness. These
      findings hold implications for both educational and psychiatric intervention with
      this group. Optimal health care of chronically ill children requires knowledge of
      the developmental course and interplay of children's cognition and their familial
      and personal adjustment.

PMID- 3860138
TI  - The hemoglobin content and concentration of single fetal erythrocytes obtained by
      placentocentesis from mothers with heterozygous beta-thalassemia.

PMID- 3860140
TI  - Toward providing parents the option of avoiding the birth of the first child with
      Cooley's anemia: response to hemoglobinopathy screening and counseling during
      pregnancy.
AB  - Will the development of safe, accurate prenatal diagnosis for Cooley's anemia
      result in a reduction in the unwanted birth of children with Cooley's anemia in
      the United States? Since detection of couples at risk only through the birth of
      an affected child will lead to a minimal reduction in the incidence of the
      disease, carrier screening will be necessary. A pilot project of prenatal
      hemoglobinopathy screening is being conducted in Rochester, New York, to answer
      the question "Should hemoglobinopathy carrier screening and genetic counseling of
      positives be part of routine prenatal care?" In the first 27 months of this
      study, 6,641 unselected pregnant women have been screened on the first prenatal
      visit, regardless of race and ethnic origin. Of these, 304 have been positive for
      some type of hemoglobinopathy. Of the 293 analyzed here, the proportion coming
      for counseling was 61% of the total group and 77% of the thalassemia trait
      subgroup. Of this number, the proportion wanting their mate tested was 98% of the
      total group and 100% of the thalassemia trait subgroup. The proportion of those
      counseled whose mate was actually tested was 60% for the total group and 70% for
      the thalassemia trait subgroup. The proportion of at risk couples wanting
      amniocentesis (mostly for detection of sickle cell disease) was 61%. We conclude
      that, when comprehensive hemoglobinopathy screening is incorporated into routine
      prenatal screening, the majority of positive women make an extra visit to receive
      an explanation, nearly all women coming for counseling want their mate tested,
      the majority of mates come for testing, and the majority of couples at risk want
      amniocentesis. Further, pregnant women with beta-thalassemia trait may be more
      inclined to act upon identification as a carrier than are positive women at
      large.

PMID- 3860139
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis of thalassemia major in Sardinia.
AB  - In this report, we summarized our experience, carried out in Sardinia, with
      antenatal diagnosis in one thousand pregnancies in which the fetus was at risk
      for homozygous beta-thalassemia. In the majority of these cases, the thalassemia
      lesion segregating in the family was the nonsense mutation at the codon
      corresponding to amino-acid 39. At the outset (976 cases) we used globin chain
      synthesis analysis by column chromatography on fetal blood obtained by placental
      aspiration, and recently (24 cases) we employed the synthetic oligonucleotide
      method on amniocyte DNA. Apart from 126 pregnancies still in progress, in all the
      other cases the diagnosis has been confirmed. In the majority of the cases (99%),
      we obtained sufficient fetal blood for the analysis. The fetal mortality
      associated with placental aspiration was 6.1%. The biochemical analysis gave
      reliable results. We had two misdiagnoses (0.2%): one due to a nonglobin protein
      comigrating with the beta chains and the other for a misclassification of the
      type of thalassemia segregating in the family. The oligonucleotide method gave
      clear-cut results in all the cases tested. The method was sensitive enough to
      detect the mutation directly in the DNA isolated from 20-25 ml of amniotic fluid
      in 75% of the pregnancies tested. In one case, we successfully employed this
      method for the analysis of the DNA isolated from chorionic villi. The
      oligonucleotide method seems to be the best procedure for monitoring the
      pregnancies at risk for beta-thalassemia in places where one or a few beta
      thalassemia lesions are prevalent.

PMID- 3860141
TI  - Hematology of a murine beta-thalassemia: a longitudinal study.
AB  - Mice homozygous for a spontaneous mutation, in which the beta-major globin gene
      is deleted, have clinical symptoms of beta-thalassemia. These mice have a
      hypocellular, hypochromic, microcytic anemia that becomes more severe with
      increasing age. The defective red cell morphology, decreased osmotic fragility of
      erythrocytes and shortened red cell life span found in beta-thalassemic mice are
      similar to those observed in human beta-thalassemia. Synthesis of beta-globin is
      depressed but not as much as might be expected because the expression of the beta
      minor globin gene is enhanced to encode two to three times more globin than in
      normal mice. Splenomegaly, an enlarged pool of stem cells for erythropoiesis, and
      iron overloading occur in older mice. The fact that these mice remain moderately
      healthy makes them a very suitable animal model in which to develop and test
      alternative techniques of gene therapy that could be successfully applied to the
      treatment of human thalassemia. Homozygous beta-thalassemic mice have large
      deposits of iron in their tissues, which might make these mice also useful for in
      vivo tests of the effectiveness and possible long-term side effects of newly
      developed iron chelators.

PMID- 3860142
TI  - Alterations in membrane protein and phosphorylation pattern in beta-thalassemic
      red blood cells.
AB  - The architecture and phosphorylation pattern of RBC membranes were studied in
      intact RBC and ghosts of patients with beta-thalassemia intermedia. Electron
      microscopic studies showed severe morphological alterations in ghosts from spx
      thalassemic patients. The polypeptide pattern obtained on SDS-PAGE revealed a
      fourfold increase in globin content of ghosts from spx patients. In addition,
      multiple protein bands were detected migrating below band 4.2, accompanied by
      alterations in the band 3 zone. When membrane protein phosphorylation was
      examined by SDS-PAGE and auto-radiography following incubation of intact RBC with
      [32P]Pi, a reduced labeling of the normally phosphorylated polypeptides was found
      in the thalassemic RBC. In addition, new phosphorylated peptides appeared in the
      region of band 3 and below band 4. On the other hand, phosphorylation of isolated
      membranes with [gamma-32P]ATP showed no major differences in the labeling of the
      major phosphorylated proteins. An analysis of the initial rate of spectrin-band
      2.1 phosphorylation obtained by counting the excised bands from the SDS gels
      showed that there was a twofold increase in spectrin-band 2.1-phosphorylation
      rate catalyzed by cAMP-dependent protein-kinase in the thalassemic ghosts,
      although no differences were found in the extent of spectrin phosphorability. The
      results are consistent with major changes in membrane protein disposition in
      thalassemic RBC, most probably caused by the precipitation of excess globin
      chains.

PMID- 3860143
TI  - Thalassemia in China.

PMID- 3860144
TI  - Macromolecules as drugs and as carriers for biologically active materials.

PMID- 3860145
TI  - Synthetic polymers as drugs.
AB  - Biologically active compounds have been incorporated into synthetic polymers.
      Bithionol, a well-known and potent antibacterial agent, has been used as
      bisphenol monomers for polyesters, polyphosphates, and phosphonates; the
      bischloroformate of bithionol has been converted into copolycarbonates and
      polyurethanes. The copolycarbonates of bithionol, optimally designed polymer
      structures with poly(ethylene oxide) glycols as the other comonomer, have been
      hydrolyzed under physiological conditions at a degradation rate of about 1% per
      day. Primaquine, an antimalarial, and amantadine, an antiviral agent, when
      reacted with isocyanates gave polymeric biurets as do other primary aliphatic
      amines. Primaquine also underwent nucleophilic substitution reactions on
      polyepichlorohydrin. 3-Vinyl-, 4-vinyl-, and 5-vinylsalicylic acids have been
      synthesized, polymerized, and copolymerized to polymeric antibacterials.
      Copolymers of vinylsalicylic acid can be selective in their activity, depending
      on the comonomer. Selectivity can also be achieved by derivation of the
      poly(vinylsalicylic acid).

PMID- 3860146
TI  - Some biologically active poly(thiosemicarbazides).

PMID- 3860147
TI  - Biologically active organotin polymers.
AB  - The synthesis, structure, and properties of polymers in which tin is chemically
      anchored as tributyltin carboxylate are discussed. A base copolymer with
      anhydride or carboxyl groups is partially esterified with tributyltin oxide; the
      free carboxyls are then reacted with diepoxides to yield cross-linked controlled
      release formulations. The network structure and the separation length and type of
      epoxide cross-links were altered by changing the degree of esterification of the
      base polymer, the structure of epoxy monomer, and catalyst. NMR evidence
      established that rapid exchange exists in tributyltin carboxylates; as a
      consequence even their interfacial reaction with chloride is fast, producing
      tributyltin chloride. Biotoxicity data obtained by studying the inhibition of
      marine and soil bacteria reveal that the type and degree of cross-linking have a
      significant effect on the size of inhibition zones. Tests in the ocean confirm
      effective biological activity against marine fouling organisms. Structural
      correlations with dynamic mechanical and dielectric properties suggest a viable
      program to investigate the dependence of tributyltin release on polymer matrix
      properties.

PMID- 3860148
TI  - A new simple controlled release delivery system.
AB  - The chemical pulping of wood without subsequent drying affords low-cost hollow
      fibers with microporous multilamellar cell walls saturated with water. Simple
      impregnation of these never-dried pulp fibers with solutions of biologically
      active chemicals followed by drying yields collapsed cellulose ribbons containing
      entrapped impregnant. The release characteristics of exemplary composites
      containing an analgesic (acetylsalicylic acid), a growth stimulant (alpha
      naphthylacetic acid), or a herbicide (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) are
      reported both for in vitro and in vivo evaluations.

PMID- 3860149
TI  - Some biologically active copolymers of maleic anhydride.

PMID- 3860151
TI  - Computer simulations of the conformations of catecholamine derivatives.

PMID- 3860150
TI  - Macrophage activation and antitumor activity of cyclohexyl-1,3-dioxepin and 4
      methyl-2-pentonyl maleic anhydride copolymers.

PMID- 3860152
TI  - Antibodies as carriers of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.

PMID- 3860153
TI  - The use of immunotoxins containing ricin A or B chains to kill neoplastic B
      cells.

PMID- 3860154
TI  - pH sensitization of phospholipid vesicles via complexation with synthetic
      poly(carboxylic acid)s.

PMID- 3860155
TI  - Progress in model studies of cellular uptake.

PMID- 3860156
TI  - The role of cross-links, entanglements, and relaxations of the macromolecular
      carrier in the diffusional release of biologically active materials. Conceptual
      and scaling relationships.

PMID- 3860158
TI  - Preparation and characterization of polymerized liposomes.
AB  - Each of these classes of polymerizable lipids offers useful approaches to the
      preparation of polymerized liposomes. The lipid diacetylenes can be very
      photosensitive and yield highly colored rigid photopolymers. The reaction is
      sensitive to lipid structure, membrane packing, and temperature; however, the
      reaction is difficult to drive to completion. High polymer yields (greater than
      90%) and a high degree of polymerization (500) are realized with the
      monofunctional methacryloyl lipids 4 and 5. These liposomes are characterized by
      multiple polymer chains per liposome and a moderate reduction in membrane
      permeability to glucose. Further decreases in membrane permeability can be
      achieved with dienoyl lipids, e.g., 6, which can be cross-linked as well as
      highly polymerized (greater than 95%). Progress in synthesis of polymerizable
      lipids has been rapid, and the initial characterization of some of the reported
      materials provides guidance for future synthetic endeavors.

PMID- 3860157
TI  - Polymeric phospholipids as new biomaterials.
AB  - Phospholipid polymers form a new class of biomaterials with many potential
      applications in medicine and research. The development of these compounds is
      based upon the mimicry of cell surfaces and reflects our current understanding of
      the properties of membrane lipids. Physicochemical characterization of the
      monomeric, diacetylenic phospholipids illustrates the similarities to naturally
      occurring lipids, similarities that are confirmed by the capacity to enrich the
      membranes of A. laidlawii to the level of 90% diacetylenic lipid. Polymerization
      of diacetylenic phospholipids is easily attained by irradiation and produces a
      stable, crystalline array. The ability to link membrane lipids covalently permits
      the isothermal restriction in their motion, and is useful in basic studies of
      biomembranes. The thromboresistance of polymeric phosphatidylcholines in vitro
      may be a consequence of the inability of phosphatidylcholines to participate in
      coagulation. The restricted lateral diffusion of proteins along a polymeric
      lattice will also inhibit the formation of coagulation complexes. Existing
      polymers may be altered by a coating of polymeric lipid obtained by the Langmuir
      Blodgett method. Polymerized vesicles display significant reductions in
      permeability and aggregation. Entrapment of soluble materials and reconstitution
      of membrane proteins may be exploited in controlled and site-directed drug
      delivery. Polymerization of cells in situ produces "cellular capsules" with
      entrapped membrane and cellular components. Polymeric hemosomes are capable of
      gas transport and may function as red cell surrogates. The hybrid qualities of
      biomembranes (polar surfaces, nonthrombogenic, low antigenic potential, and low
      permeability) and synthetic polymers (chemical and physical stability) suggest
      that polymeric phosphatidylcholines may serve as models for biomaterials design.

PMID- 3860160
TI  - Molecular recognition, catalysis, and transport in polymerized surfactant
      vesicles.

PMID- 3860159
TI  - Polymerized phosphatidylcholine vesicles as drug carriers.
AB  - Polymerized ammonium and phosphatidylcholine vesicles have been synthesized via
      poly(methacrylate) and poly(disulfide) formation. A functionalized polymeric
      liposome has also been synthesized and effectively conjugated with alpha
      chymotrypsin. Vesicles derived from 2 have been studied most extensively as
      potential carriers of drugs. The are extremely stable toward physical
      perturbation and exposure to organic solvents or detergents, and should be able
      to maintain their integrity and homogeneity during pharmaceutical manufacturing
      procedures, including lyophilization. The fact that they retain substantial
      quantities of lipophilic substances in the presence of detergent concentrations
      in excess of those found in the upper gastrointestinal tract suggests that they
      should be able to carry and selectively release lipophilic drugs in the lower
      reaches of the GI tract. Moreover, the apparent lack of acute toxicity of these
      vesicles, as indicated by intravenous administration to outbred mice, further
      suggests that such photopolymerized liposomes may represent a unique and valuable
      carrier for the controlled delivery of certain types of therapeutic agents,
      especially by the oral route.

PMID- 3860161
TI  - Phospholipid vesicle targeting using synthetic glycolipid and other determinants.
AB  - The interactions of carbohydrate-modified phospholipid vesicles with various
      isolated cell types in vitro have been studied to establish a better basis for
      understanding the mechanisms for recognition and transport of such modified
      vesicles in vivo. The physical basis for the use of perturbed angular correlation
      spectroscopy for the measurement of phospholipid vesicle integrity, and the
      kinetics of uptake of modified phospholipid vesicles by mouse peritoneal
      macrophage are first reviewed. The effects of variation of the chemical structure
      of the determinant and other factors indicate that the rate of uptake of cationic
      vesicles by mouse peritoneal macrophage is directly related to the distance that
      an amine group can be extended beyond the vesicle surface, and not, for example,
      to the stereochemistry of the carbohydrate determinant. The uptake mechanism
      appears to involve generalized phagocytosis and not a receptor-mediated
      mechanism, or an opsonization process that is not stereospecific.

PMID- 3860163
TI  - The delivery of phototoxic drugs to selected cells.

PMID- 3860162
TI  - Selective toxicity and enhanced therapeutic index of liposomal polyene
      antibiotics in systemic fungal infections.
AB  - Incorporation of the polyene antibiotic amphotericin B (AMB) in liposomes results
      in a marked reduction in drug toxicity with no loss of antifungal potency.
      Nephrotoxicity, the dose-limiting side effect of AMB, is almost abolished when
      the drug is utilized in a liposomal carrier. Because of reduced toxicity, high
      doses of liposomal AMB can be used, resulting in superior therapy of systemic
      fungal infections in mice. The improved therapeutic index of liposomal AMB versus
      free AMB is also manifest in infected neutropenic animals. The reduced toxicity
      of liposomal AMB is due to a fundamental alteration in the interaction of the
      drug with mammalian cell membranes. AMB transfers effectively from donor
      liposomes to fungal cell walls and membranes and is thus toxic to fungi. By
      contrast, AMB does not transfer from liposomes to mammalian cells and thus is not
      toxic to these cells. Thus, the use of liposomal AMB may offer a marked
      improvement in the therapy of systemic fungal infection in cancer patients and
      other immunodebilitated individuals.

PMID- 3860164
TI  - Liposomes as carriers of antiarthritic agents.

PMID- 3860165
TI  - Synthesis of biodegradable addition polymers.

PMID- 3860166
TI  - Controlled release of drug model from N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide
      copolymers.

PMID- 3860167
TI  - Biotin.

PMID- 3860168
TI  - Biotin in swine nutrition.
AB  - For many years, it was believed that supplemental biotin was not needed in swine
      diets because of the wide distribution of biotin in feedstuffs used in the
      formulation of swine diets, and because of the known synthesis of biotin by the
      animal's intestinal microflora. However, interest in biotin nutrition for swine
      was rekindled in the mid-1970s when several field reports indicated a biotin
      deficiency in swine that was responsive to biotin supplementation in many cases.
      Results from university research are accumulating, especially from long-term sow
      studies (three to four parities), which suggest that supplemental biotin will
      improve litter size, conception rate, weaning-to-estrus interval, toe lesions,
      and haircoat condition. Milk biotin concentration and plasma biotin concentration
      of sows and piglets were also elevated when supplemental biotin was fed. Using
      presently available feedstuffs and under modern swine production conditions, a
      marginal biotin deficiency is possible. Swine producers experiencing poor
      reproductive performance in their sow herds, associated with excessive loss of
      hair and severe foot lesions, should evaluate the biotin content of their sow
      diet and consider supplemental biotin.

PMID- 3860169
TI  - Assessment of biotin status: clinical implications.

PMID- 3860170
TI  - NMR studies of the exchange of the amide protons of d-biotin and its derivatives.

PMID- 3860171
TI  - Crystallographic investigations of biotin and carboxybiotin derivatives.
AB  - The structures of a family of biotin and carboxybiotin derivatives have provided
      information on the mechanism of biotin action. The ureido moiety of the
      uncarboxylated cofactor is polarized and able to interact with ions and polar
      molecules; intermolecular interactions in the biotin derivatives suggest
      biochemical mechanisms resulting in nucleophilic activation to the enol tautomer.
      N1' carboxylation of biotin is important not only as a chemical reaction to
      generate the carboxyl-transferring species, carboxybiotin, but also in acting as
      a switch to depolarize the ureido carbonyl oxygen, and thereby facilitating
      interactions with non-polar molecules. The structure of an N1' methoxycarbonyl
      biotin derivative reveals such an interaction between the carbonyl oxygen, O2',
      and a neighboring methyl group. A computer-generated space-filing model of the
      van der Waals contacts involved in this interaction reveals that the methyl group
      is locked with respect to rotation and thus suggests a structural basis for the
      stereospecificity observed in the carboxyl-transferring half-reaction. The
      flexibility of the valeryl side chains in this family of structures provides
      translocation models in line with magnetic resonance data which indicate that the
      translocation events involve motions of, at most, 7 A. Our models demonstrate
      that such motions may be accomplished by simple, observed conformational changes
      in bonds of the valeryl side chain which locally adjoin the bicyclic ring system.
      High resolution, low temperature diffraction data will allow visualization of the
      bonding and lone pair electrons in biotin. These studies will serve to extend and
      fine-tune our description of the electronic structure of biotin which is
      currently based on accurate measurements of bond distances and angles.

PMID- 3860172
TI  - Pyruvate carboxylase: mechanisms of the partial reactions.
AB  - Data from isotopic exchange studies and from experiments with 32P- and 14C
      labeled enzyme-bound intermediates support the following description of the first
      partial reaction: (Formula: see text). From studies of the transfer of the
      carboxyl-group from ENZ-biotin-CO2- to pyruvate or its analogues we propose that
      binding of the acceptor substrate induces the translation of carboxybiotin from
      the first to the second partial reaction site. The studies on the translocation
      of carboxybiotin can be summarized in the following reaction scheme: (Formula:
      see text). Where k+3 less than k+1, k-1, k+2 and k-2. Thus, the rate-limited step
      is governed by k+3 which represents the movement of carboxybiotin from the first
      subsite to the second.

PMID- 3860173
TI  - Biotin-binding proteins and biotin transport to oocytes.
AB  - The eggs of chickens and other birds contain two proteins that bind biotin. Both
      are homotetrameric proteins of similar size. In contrast to the well
      characterized egg white avidin, egg yolk biotin-binding protein has a very acidic
      isoelectric point, binds biotin with lower affinity, and is usually saturated
      with biotin. Like other egg yolk proteins, biotin-binding protein appears to be
      synthesized in the liver, transported by the blood stream to the ovary and
      deposited in the developing oocyte. Since the yolk of a chicken egg contains over
      90% of the biotin in an egg and all of the biotin is bound to biotin-binding
      protein, the function of biotin-binding protein is undoubtedly to transport
      biotin to the egg for future use by the developing embryo. Avidin is produced by
      the oviduct and in the egg it is presumed to deter microbial growth around the
      oocyte by sequestering biotin. Among the eggs examined, those from turkeys have
      the lowest amount of biotin-binding protein and the highest amount of avidin.
      Furthermore, the majority of the biotin in turkey eggs can be bound to avidin in
      the egg white, suggesting a nutritional role for avidin in turkeys. An assay has
      been developed to conveniently measure apo- and holobiotin-binding proteins.

PMID- 3860174
TI  - Clinical problems relating to biotin.

PMID- 3860175
TI  - Biotin holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency.

PMID- 3860176
TI  - Biotin uptake by isolated rat liver hepatocytes.

PMID- 3860177
TI  - Receptor affinity chromatography.
AB  - Insulin receptor was purified in high yield from cultured 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes
      using the bifunctional ligand N alpha B1-(biotinyl-epsilon-aminocaproyl)insulin
      in conjunction with avidin-Sepharose CL-4B. This ligand is 100% competent as
      insulin and 60% competent as biotin, as measured by competitive binding assays.
      The procedure requires preliminary removal of biotin-containing proteins on
      "native" avidin-Sepharose CL-4B. This matrix shows nearly the same biotin-binding
      characteristics as uncoupled avidin and can be regenerated by washing with 0.02 N
      HCl, causing only a minor loss of nonexchangeable biotin-binding sites. Insulin
      receptor is isolated by formation of a complex between the bifunctional ligand
      and the receptor, and then adsorption to "monomeric" avidin-Sepharose via the
      biotin moiety. This affinity matrix binds [14C]biotin with a Kd approximately
      equal to 0.2 microM and has exchangeable/nonexchangeable biotin binding sites in
      the ratio 9:1. Displacement of homogeneous insulin receptor is achieved by the
      addition of biotin; the elution is time-dependent, suggesting that it is
      accomplished by the prevention of rebinding.

PMID- 3860178
TI  - Requirement for biotin and the function of biotin in cells in culture.
AB  - The requirement of biotin in the culture medium has been established for HeLa
      cells, human fibroblasts, baby hamster kidney cells (BHK) as well as polyoma
      transformed BHK cells. Growth, viability, biotin content and the activities of
      biotin-dependent enzymes were used as criteria. Cells in culture appear to bind
      and internalized avidin as well as the avidin-biotin complex. Avidin seems to
      mimic a natural ligand that could be the biotin-binding protein of serum.
      Additions of serum fatty acids, aspartate or asparagine to the culture medium do
      not supplant the biotin requirement. Nuclear fractions of cells contain
      significant biotin without the ability to fix carbon dioxide. A biotin-containing
      protein has been isolated from rat liver nuclei. The incorporation of amino acids
      into cellular protein is decreased in biotin-deficient HeLa cells. The proportion
      of active ribosomes is also decreased in these cells. Supplementation of the
      medium of deficient cells with biotin results in stimulation of protein
      synthesis. It is suggested that biotin might subserve a function in cells in
      addition to its role as the prosthetic group of biotin-enzymes.

PMID- 3860179
TI  - Molecular analysis of chromosome 21 using somatic cell hybrids.

PMID- 3860180
TI  - Indications of centromere movement during interphase and differentiation.
AB  - Mouse and human DNA sequences from centromeric and ribosomal domains were labeled
      with biotinylated deoxynucleotides and hybridized in situ to paraformaldehyde
      fixed tissue culture cells. Centromeres were widely dispersed in most of these
      interphase nuclei. At late G2 phases of the cell cycle, centromeres appeared to
      coalesce and then to align in an orderly pattern, with discrete positional
      assignments for individuals chromosomes in metaphase and anaphase. Ribosomal
      cistrons were also organized in an orderly and defined fashion during mitosis. As
      soon as the nuclear membrane forms in early G1, centromeres rapidly disperse
      throughout the nucleus. Centromere patterns during G1 and S were
      indistinguishable in cultured cells, as determined by double-labeling
      experiments. Antibodies that bind to centric chromosomal proteins revealed the
      same patterns in cultured cells as those obtained with DNA sequence-specific
      probes. Large differentiated neurons display reproducible collections of
      centromeres in interphase that are very different from those seen in cultured
      cells. Neurons in widely divergent mammalian species, despite large differences
      in centromeric DNA sequences, maintain similar nuclear positions for these
      chromosomal segments. Similarly, ribosomal cistrons are positioned in comparable
      nuclear locales in neurons of divergent species. It is suggested that such
      arrangements reflect, or are necessary for, the function of a given cell type.
      Studies of large cerebellar neurons at critical times in development indicated a
      relative "movement" of centromeric domains, away from the nuclear membrane and
      toward the central nucleolar region. It is possible that the orderly and temporal
      positioning of centromeric, as well as of other chromosomal regions, is based on
      protein-nucleic acid interactions. Implications for trisomy 21 and other
      disorders involving chromosomal rearrangements, such as transposition, are
      considered from this perspective.

PMID- 3860181
TI  - Molecular organization in the proximal region of human acrocentric chromosomes.

PMID- 3860182
TI  - Increase of unidentified HLA antigens in pulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - We studied the HLA-A, B,C and DR antigens in 50 patients with advanced pulmonary
      tuberculosis in an effort to detect some genetic factors which may predispose to
      the development of this disease. We found a decrease in HLA-A3, A9, B5, B8, B13,
      B17 and B27. The incidence of "double blank" antigens in the locus A was 18%
      (2.5% in controls, p less than 0.0005) in the locus B 16% (1.5% in controls, p
      less than 0.0005) and 28% in the DR locus (7% in controls, p less than 0.0005).
      Our results suggest that the cells responsible for the immune response in
      patients with tuberculosis appear to have a diminished number of HLA antigens
      serologically determined. That phenomenon could be explained by several
      hypothesis like poor expression of these proteins or masking for another
      substance. In spite of the mechanism, this abnormal membrane expression of HLA
      antigens could be important for the development of the disease since the cell
      cell interactions critical for the mounting of an adequate immune response might
      not be appropriate.

PMID- 3860183
TI  - Genetic studies in Atacameno Indians: serum protein and red cell-enzyme
      polymorphisms.
AB  - Phenotype and gene frequencies among Atacameno Indians are presented for nine
      serum protein polymorphisms (Hp, Gc with subtypes, Tf with subtypes, Amy, C3, Bf,
      PLG) and nine red-cell-enzyme polymorphisms (AcP, PGM1 with subtypes, AK, ADA, 6
      PGD, GPT, EsD, GLO). Four systems--Tf, Amy, AK, ADA were found to be monomorphic.
      In the PGM1 subtypes an extremely high frequency of PGM1a3 could be observed. In
      two samples a new Gc mutant was identified and classified as Gc1A26. In the EsD
      system an unusual phenotype was detected in one sample.

PMID- 3860184
TI  - Red-cell enzymes and serum proteins among Brahmins and Kammas of coastal Andhra
      Pradesh, India.
AB  - Haemolysate and plasma samples from Brahmin and Kamma caste populations of
      coastal Andhra Pradesh have been examined by electrophoresis on horizontal starch
      gels for red-cell enzymes and plasma proteins, namely ACP, SOD, LDH, MDH, Hp, Tf,
      Cp and ALB. Higher frequencies compared to other populations for ACPb and Hp2
      alleles were recorded. The only variant found is one Tf C-slow phenotype among
      the Kammas, and the rest of the loci studied are monomorphic.

PMID- 3860185
TI  - Pefloxacin therapy for experimental endocarditis caused by methicillin
      susceptible or methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The therapeutic efficacy of pefloxacin in experimental endocarditis caused by
      methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was
      evaluated. In rabbits infected with a methicillin-susceptible strain, 4 days of
      pefloxacin therapy significantly reduced both the number of bacteria per gram of
      vegetation and the mortality rate compared with untreated controls, and
      pefloxacin was equivalent to cephalothin. Pefloxacin was also as effective as
      vancomycin in reducing vegetation titers and mortality rate in animals with
      endocarditis caused by a methicillin-resistant strain. These results suggest that
      pefloxacin may be an effective agent in the therapy of serious infections caused
      by either methicillin-susceptible or -resistant strains of S. aureus.

PMID- 3860186
TI  - Enoxacin compared with cefoperazone for the treatment of experimental
      Enterobacter aerogenes endocarditis.
AB  - This study compared enoxacin administered orally with cefoperazone administered
      intramuscularly for the treatment of Enterobacter aerogenes endocarditis in
      rabbits. The MICs and MBCs of both enoxacin and cefoperazone for an inoculum of
      10(5) CFU/ml of the E. aerogenes strain used were 0.8 micrograms/ml,
      respectively. With an inoculum of 10(8) organisms per ml, enoxacin at 2 and 5
      micrograms/ml and cefoperazone at 60 and 155 micrograms/ml were effective in
      reducing titers of E. aerogenes in broth. E. aerogenes endocarditis in rabbits
      was treated with enoxacin (100 or 25 mg/kg orally every 6 h) or cefoperazone (60
      mg/kg intramuscularly every 6 h) for 5 or 10 days. Enoxacin at 100 and 25 mg/kg
      significantly reduced bacterial titers of vegetations compared with those of
      untreated controls. Enoxacin at 100 mg/kg was significantly more effective than
      enoxacin at 25 mg/kg and cefoperazone. Enoxacin at 25 mg/kg and cefoperazone did
      not differ significantly. Cefoperazone and controls did not differ significantly.
      In uninfected rabbits single doses of cefoperazone achieved much higher
      concentrations in serum than single doses of enoxacin (25 and 100 mg/kg). The
      half-lives of enoxacin at 25 and 100 mg/kg were approximately three times longer
      than that of cefoperazone.

PMID- 3860188
TI  - Inhibition and stimulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase by
      glyoxylate.
AB  - Glyoxylate is a slowly reversible inhibitor of the CO2/Mg2+-activated form of
      ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from spinach leaves. Inactivation
      occurred with an apparent dissociation constant of 3.3 mM and a maximum pseudo
      first-order rate constant of 7 X 10(-3) s-1. The rate constant for reactivation
      was 1.2 X 10(-2) s-1. Glyoxylate did not cause differential inhibition of
      ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase or oxygenase activities. 6-Phosphogluconate
      protected the enzyme from inactivation by glyoxylate. Glyoxylate was incorporated
      irreversibly into the large subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase after
      reduction with sodium borohydride. Activated enzyme incorporated 1.3 mol of
      glyoxylate per mole protomer, while enzyme treated with carboxyarabinitol 1,5
      bisphosphate (CABP) to protect the active sites incorporated only 0.3 mol
      glyoxylate per mole protomer. The data suggest that glyoxylate forms a Schiff
      base with a lysyl residue in the region of the catalytic site. Glyoxylate
      stimulated the activity of the unactivated enzyme by about twofold. Pseudo-first
      order inactivation also occurred with the unactivated enzyme after the initial
      stimulation by glyoxylate, although at a much slower rate than with the activated
      enzyme. Glyoxylate treatment of partially activated enzyme did not stimulate
      formation of the quaternary complex of enzyme X CO2 X Mg2+ X CABP.

PMID- 3860187
TI  - Safety and efficacy of high-dose treatment with imipenem-cilastatin in seriously
      ill patients.
AB  - Imipenem-cilastatin was given in doses of 1 g intravenously every 6 h to 31
      patients. Twenty-five patients, with 27 infections, were clinically evaluable and
      received 20 to 210 g of imipenem for a duration of 5 to 56 days (average 16.3
      days). Infections included seven cases of osteomyelitis, seven of bacteremia,
      five of cellulitis, two of pneumonia, three of pelvic cellulitis, two of
      intraabdominal abscess, and one each of empyema, mediastinitis, and endometritis.
      Fifty-five percent of the infections were caused by gram-negative bacilli, 33%
      were due to gram-positive organisms, and 10% were caused by anaerobes. Twenty-two
      patients (81%) were cured, three improved, one relapsed, and one became
      superinfected with a resistant organism. In 5 of 11 cases with Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, the imipenem MIC for organisms isolated by the end of treatment was
      higher than it was initially, raising concern that imipenem should not be used
      alone to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Twenty-one patients had no
      adverse reaction; of the remaining 10 patients, 4 had nausea, 1 had urticaria,
      and 6 had mild abnormalities in hepatic function; three episodes of diarrhea
      included two with Clostridium difficile toxin in stool and one with
      pseudomembranous colitis, as determined by sigmoidoscopy. Levels of creatinine,
      hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets, prothrombin, and urine components were
      unchanged. Imipenem-cilastatin is a clinically effective antibiotic with freedom
      from nephrotoxicity and hematological abnormalities in the large doses used in
      this study.

PMID- 3860189
TI  - Characterization of an active-site peptide modified by glyoxylate and pyridoxal
      phosphate from spinach ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase.
AB  - Activated ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from spinach was treated
      with glyoxylate plus or minus the transition-state analog, carboxyarabinitol
      bisphosphate, or the inactive enzyme with pyridoxal phosphate plus or minus the
      substrate, ribulose bisphosphate. Covalently modified adducts with glyoxylate or
      pyridoxal phosphate were formed following reduction with sodium borohydride. The
      derivatized enzymes were carboxymethylated and digested with trypsin; the labeled
      peptides which were unique to the unprotected samples were purified by ion
      exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Both glyoxylate and pyridoxal
      phosphate were associated with only one major peptide, which in each case was
      subjected to amino acid analysis and sequencing. The sequence was -Tyr-Gly-Arg
      Pro-Leu-Leu-Gly-Cys(Cm)-Thr-Ile-Lys-Lys*-Pro-Lys-, with both reagents exhibiting
      specificity for the same lysine residue as indicated by the asterisk. This
      peptide is identical to that previously isolated from spinach carboxylase labeled
      with either of two different phosphorylated affinity reagents and homologous to
      one from Rhodospirillum rubrum carboxylase modified by pyridoxal phosphate. The
      species invariance of this lysine residue, number 175, and the substantial
      conservation of adjacent sequence support the probability for a functional role
      in catalysis of the lysyl epsilon-amino group.

PMID- 3860190
TI  - Regulation of succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid CoA-transferase in developing rat brain:
      responsiveness associated with prenatal but not postnatal hyperketonemia.
AB  - Activities of ketone body-metabolizing enzymes in rat brain rise 3- to 5-fold
      during the suckling period, then fall more than 50% after weaning. Our purpose
      was to determine the mechanism of the developmental changes in activity of 3
      oxoacid CoA-transferase in rat brain and to study its regulation by dietary
      modification. Purified rat brain 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase was used to generate
      specific antibody. Immunotitrations of the enzyme from brains of 4-, 24-, and 90
      day-old rats indicated that changes in 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase activity during
      development are due to changes in content of the enzyme protein. Pulse-labeling
      studies showed that changes in enzyme specific activity reflected changes in its
      relative rate of synthesis, which increased 2.5-fold between the nineteenth day
      of gestation and the third postnatal day, remained at this high level until the
      twelfth postnatal day, and declined thereafter, returning by Day 38 to the level
      observed in utero. The enzyme is apparently degraded very slowly during early
      postnatal life. Fetal hyperketonemia induced by feeding pregnant rats a high-fat
      diet was associated with an increase in the relative rate of synthesis of 3
      oxoacid CoA-transferase in brains of 19-day-old fetuses and newborn rats and with
      an increase in the specific activity of the enzyme at birth. To examine the role
      of postnatal hyperketonemia in the development of the enzyme in brains of
      suckling rats, neonates received intragastric cannulas and were fed, for up to 13
      days, a modified milk formula low in fat. Postnatal hyperketonemia was abolished
      but cerebral 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase specific activity on Days 10 and 17 was
      not significantly affected. Thus, the physiological hyperketonemia caused by the
      high fat content of rat milk is not required for the normal development of 3
      oxoacid CoA-transferase in rat brain.

PMID- 3860191
TI  - 'Golden tongue' syndrome caused by Ramichloridium schulzeri.
AB  - A 54-year-old woman entered the hospital for induction chemotherapy for acute
      lymphocytic leukemia. On hospital day 23, while the patient was neutropenic, an
      erosive lesion appeared on the left side of the tongue. During the next several
      days the lesion extended over the dorsum of the tongue and was golden orange.
      Surface scrapings were obtained; the involved site underwent a biopsy and was
      cultured. Branching septate mycelia of varying diameters were seen on microscopic
      examination of direct mounts and a biopsy specimen of the tongue. Eight to ten
      colonies of a fungus grew out in culture. The fungus was golden orange on
      Sabouraud's glucose agar and brown-gray on corn-meal agar, and was identified as
      Ramichloridium schulzeri. The lesion regressed during the next two weeks while
      the patient received amphotericin B therapy and showed an increased granulocyte
      count. This case seems to be the first authenticated infection caused by this
      uncommonly encountered soil saprophyte.

PMID- 3860192
TI  - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting with raised intracranial pressure.
AB  - A child presented with raised intracranial pressure for which no cause was
      established. Five months later a further cerebrospinal fluid examination showed
      lymphoblasts expressing the common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia phenotype. Bone
      marrow infiltration was not present. This case illustrates the difficulties that
      may be encountered in establishing the diagnosis of central nervous system
      leukaemia.

PMID- 3860193
TI  - Placental steroid sulphatase deficiency.

PMID- 3860194
TI  - A twin study of Tourette syndrome.
AB  - In 43 pairs of same-sex twins, in which at least one co-twin had Tourette
      syndrome (TS), 30 pairs were probably monozygotic (MZ) and 13 were probably
      dizygotic (DZ). Concordances for TS were 53% and 8% for MZ and DZ pairs,
      respectively. When diagnostic criteria were broadened to include any tics in co
      twins, concordance rates were 77% and 23% for MZ and DZ pairs, respectively.
      These concordances are consistent with genetic etiology. However, the fact that
      only 53% of MZ twins were fully concordant indicates nongenetic factors affect
      expression of TS. Presence of tics in discordant co-twins and timing of onset in
      partially concordant co-twins support an association between TS and tics in
      families with TS present. The data are inconclusive on whether some MZ twins with
      discordant co-twins are etiologically different from those who are concordant.

PMID- 3860195
TI  - The central nervous system leukemia: a clinical and pathological study.
AB  - Post-mortem clinical and pathological study of 18 cases of central nervous system
      leukemia showed that this complication occurred mostly in chronic myelogenous
      leukemia (38.8%). No diagnostic criteria was found. The great majority of signs
      and symptoms were related to either disturbances of the mental status or cranial
      nerves dysfunction. Cerobrospinal fluid may be found normal. CNS involvement may
      occur at any time during the course of systemic leukemia, when the disease is
      under apparently good therapeutic control as well as during relapse. Pathological
      findings in order of decreasing frequency were: parenchymal hemorrhage (61%);
      subarachnoid hemorrhage (55%); meningeal infiltrates (44%); leukostasis (28%);
      edema and herniation (28%); parenchymal infiltrates (22%); ischemic infarcts
      (17%); progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (10%); calcifications (5%);
      meningitis (5%). Total survival time ranged from 8 to 1980 days a median of 300
      days. Survival time after CNS involvement ranged from 1 to 180 days with a median
      of 21 days.

PMID- 3860196
TI  - Retinal hemorrhages in the newborn following labor induced by oxytocin or
      dinoprostone.
AB  - We examined the fundi of 100 newborns following labor induced by intravenous
      oxytocin or by oral dinoprostone. Retinal hemorrhage was observed in 40% of
      neonates in the dinoprostone treatment group, as compared with 28% in the
      oxytocin treatment group. The accumulation of prostaglandins in the fetal
      circulation may be responsible for the hemorrhages, which clear spontaneously
      once the noxious agent is metabolized. Other organ systems must be carefully
      examined in the neonate to detect other possible untoward effects.

PMID- 3860197
TI  - Topical acetazolamide and methazolamide delivered by contact lenses.
AB  - Topical acetazolamide has been previously found to be ineffective in lowering
      intraocular pressure (IOP). Using high-water-content soft contact lenses (Sauflon
      PW) soaked in acetazolamide, we observed a statistically significant ipsilateral
      decrease in IOP of 6.3 +/- 0.4 mm Hg in the treated eyes of albino rabbits. The
      duration of the effect was up to 7 1/2 hours. Methazolamide-soaked contact lenses
      produced a maximum unilateral reduction of similar magnitude but shorter
      duration. Both serum and aqueous humor analyses for pH, carbon dioxide pressure,
      bicarbonate, and base excess indicate that acetazolamide delivered by soft
      contact lenses is able to penetrate the cornea in sufficient concentration to
      lower IOP by a local mechanism in rabbits without significant systemic
      absorption.

PMID- 3860198
TI  - Suppressive effect of prostaglandin D2 on prolactin secretion from rat anterior
      pituitary.

PMID- 3860199
TI  - The Australian Society for Medical Research: annual scientific meeting, Hobart, 9
      12 December, 1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 3860200
TI  - Gastroenterological Society of Australia: annual scientific meeting, Adelaide, 14
      16 October, 1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 3860201
TI  - The control of mutagenesis and cell differentiation in cultured human and rodent
      cells by chemicals that initiate or promote tumor formation.

PMID- 3860202
TI  - Inhibition of rat brain galactocerebroside sulfotransferase by triazine aromatic
      dyes: interaction with the 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate binding site.
AB  - The mechanism of inhibition of rat brain cerebroside sulfotransferase (EC
      2.8.2.11) by a series of triazine aromatic dyes was examined. These dyes are
      putative site-specific probes of the "dinucleotide fold". All of the dyes
      examined were competitive inhibitors of cerebroside sulfotransferase with respect
      to 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) binding. In addition, the binding
      of the dye, Congo Red, to the sulfotransferase was associated with a red shift in
      its absorption spectrum. Based on these results, it is suggested that rat brain
      cerebroside sulfotransferase contains a "dinucleotide fold" as a structural
      feature of the protein.

PMID- 3860203
TI  - Methotrexate-resistant human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells express a
      dihydrofolate reductase with altered properties associated with increased enzyme
      activity.
AB  - Dihydrofolate reductase from a MTX-resistant human promyelocytic leukemia cell
      line (HL-60 R4-29) had previously been found to have a higher specific activity
      than the DHFR from the parent MTX-sensitive cell line, in the absence of enzyme
      overproduction (Dedhar et al, Biochem. J. 225, 609-617, 1985). The enzymes from
      these two cell lines have been purified to apparent homogeneity as judged by
      sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The dihydrofolate
      reductase from the sensitive cells has an apparent molecular weight of 42,000
      daltons, whereas that from the resistant cells has an apparent molecular weight
      of 21,000 daltons. The dihydrofolate reductase activity from the resistant cells
      is characterized by marked heat instability and substantially higher Vmax and Km
      values for the dihydrofolic acid/NADPH combination. The enzyme from the resistant
      cells can be protected against heat inactivation by either dihydrofolic acid or
      NADPH, or both. A 50 fold higher concentration of methotrexate was required to
      totally inhibit the R4-29 dihydrofolate reductase activity as compared to the (S)
      activity when the enzymes were assayed using equivalent amounts of enzyme
      protein. These data show that the increased dihydrofolate reductase specific
      activity present in the (R4-29) cells is associated with an alteration in the
      structure of this enzyme.

PMID- 3860204
TI  - Human breast milk stimulates prostaglandin synthesis in cultured human skin
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Effect of human breast milk or its fractions on prostaglandin synthesis was
      investigated in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Prostaglandins released into the
      media were measured by radioimmunoassay. Incorporation of breast milk (2% level)
      into 10% fetal calf serum media (for 48 hours) stimulated the synthesis of 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha (stable product of prostacyclin) by 800%. This stimulating effect of
      milk persisted after cold acetone extraction to remove phospholipids and
      potentiated further after dialysis. Stimulation by one of the commercial formulas
      (Similac) was less than 50% of the milk effect. Milk also stimulated PGE2
      synthesis, although to a much lesser degree. These studies show for the first
      time that a) human breast milk contains potent factor(s) capable of influencing
      prostaglandin synthesis and suggest that b) these factors might have a role in
      the development of lipid synthetic pathways during early life.

PMID- 3860205
TI  - Gm allotypes in white patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3860206
TI  - Serum phosphate levels in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3860207
TI  - Aztreonam in the treatment of soft tissue infections including diabetic foot
      infections.

PMID- 3860208
TI  - Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: an underdiagnosed disorder.

PMID- 3860209
TI  - [Angiocardiographic diagnosis. Interatrial communication (secundum)].

PMID- 3860210
TI  - Echocardiography cases. Mitral valve stenosis.

PMID- 3860211
TI  - Food allergy and food intolerance.

PMID- 3860212
TI  - [Regional blood flow of experimental brain tumors with special reference to
      effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy].
AB  - Regional blood flow and capillary permeability in the experimental brain tumors
      and their surrounding brain tissue of rats were measured with quantitative 14C
      antipyrine and 14C-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) autoradiographic method. The
      pharmacokinetic implications with respect to drug delivery to tumor tissue and
      the effect of ionizing irradiation were discussed in these physiological
      measurement. A suspension of 1 X 10(4) rat glioma cells (E239 RG 12) was
      stereotactically implanted into the right basal ganglia of CD-Fisher rats, and
      spherical brain tumors developed 10-17 days after implantation with a diameter of
      1--5 mm. Autoradiographic investigations were performed for rats with small
      tumors (1--2 mm in diameter) and large tumors (4--5 mm in diameter). The uniform
      blood flow (91.7 +/- 13.1 ml/100 g/min: mean +/- S.E.) was observed in small
      tumors with the patchy low flow area (56.7 +/- 12.5 ml/100 g/min) surrounding the
      tumor. In large tumors, the blood flow was markedly decreased in the central part
      of the tumor (28.3 +/- 2.4 ml/100 g/min) with a ring shaped high flow area in the
      peripheral part (59.3 +/- 5.9 ml/100 mg/min). The blood flow in the brain
      adjacent to the tumor (30.5 +/- 2.5 ml/100 g/min) was lower than that in the
      peripheral part of the tumor. The uptake of 14C-AIB was quite similar to that of
      14C-antipyrine suggesting the smaller permeability in the central part of the
      tumor. Neuropathological studies did not reveal necrotic foci, but viable cells
      in these areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3860213
TI  - The effects of prostaglandin E2 in rapidly growing rats: depressed longitudinal
      and radial growth and increased metaphyseal hard tissue mass.
AB  - The effects of 0, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, or 6.0 mg of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/kg/day
      administered subcutaneously for 3 weeks to triple fluorochrome-labeled weanling
      rats are reported. Microradiographs and undecalcified sections of proximal
      tibiae, tibial shafts, and seventh caudal vertebrae were evaluated by static and
      dynamic bone histomorphometry techniques. Significant changes were observed only
      at higher dose levels. Proximal tibial longitudinal growth rates were depressed
      in doses of 1, 3, or 6 mg PGE2/kg/day. Growth plate thickness and the size of
      hypertrophic cartilage cells were decreased in animals given 3 and 6 mg of
      PGE2/kg/day, but the calculated rate of cartilage cell production was unaffected.
      At doses of 6 mg PGE2/kg/day, periosteal bone apposition rates between Day -1 and
      Day +19 in both the tibial shafts and caudal vertebral cortices were depressed by
      less than 25%. Cortical bone mass and endosteal bone apposition rates in the
      tibial shaft and caudal vertebrae were unaffected. Hard tissue mass in the
      secondary spongiosa of the proximal tibial metaphysis increased dramatically
      (28%, 44%, and 60%, respectively) in rats treated with 1, 3, or 6 mg PGE2/kg/day.
      In addition, the secondary spongiosa contained numerous islands of woven
      trabecular bone along with an increased number of trabeculae. The study
      demonstrates that high doses of PGE2 stimulate new woven trabecular bone
      production and depress longitudinal and radial growth in rapidly growing rats.

PMID- 3860214
TI  - Standards and training of DSAs.

PMID- 3860215
TI  - Management of early dental caries in fissures with fissure sealant.

PMID- 3860216
TI  - Ectopic ladybird.

PMID- 3860217
TI  - In defence of dental materials.

PMID- 3860218
TI  - Endodontic treatment for children.

PMID- 3860219
TI  - Facial infection arising from dens evaginatus.

PMID- 3860221
TI  - AIDS and dentists in Australia.

PMID- 3860220
TI  - Recurrent bilateral anterior dislocation of the mandible.

PMID- 3860222
TI  - Letter from California: the malpractice problem.

PMID- 3860223
TI  - Surgical endodontics.

PMID- 3860224
TI  - Reduction of the dose to patients during lateral cephalometric radiography.
      Report of a Joint Working Party of the British Society for the Study of
      Orthodontics and the British Society of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology.

PMID- 3860225
TI  - Some Asian communities in the UK and their culture.

PMID- 3860227
TI  - Dental health of a sample of Glasgow adolescents.

PMID- 3860226
TI  - Destructive forms of periodontal disease in adolescents and young adults.

PMID- 3860228
TI  - Assessment and clinical management of early caries in young adults: invasive
      versus non-invasive methods.

PMID- 3860229
TI  - Occlusal management for the adolescent.

PMID- 3860230
TI  - The use of behaviour modification techniques as an aid to improving adolescents'
      oral hygiene.

PMID- 3860231
TI  - Negotiation of obstructed canals; bleaching of teeth.

PMID- 3860232
TI  - National and international standards for anaesthetic equipment.

PMID- 3860233
TI  - Public health implications of the international alcohol industry: issues raised
      by a World Health Organisation project.

PMID- 3860234
TI  - Some proposals for drugs legislation.

PMID- 3860235
TI  - Alcoholism and the nature of outcome.

PMID- 3860236
TI  - Drug use and religious affiliation, feelings and behaviour.

PMID- 3860237
TI  - Alcohol consumption and the incidence of acute alcohol-related problems.

PMID- 3860238
TI  - A study of alcoholism treatment units: some findings on links with community
      agencies.

PMID- 3860239
TI  - Children's attitudes to alcohol and awareness of alcohol-related problems.

PMID- 3860240
TI  - Vasopressin concentrations during alcohol withdrawal.

PMID- 3860241
TI  - Intravenous nicotine simulation of passive smoking to estimate dosage to exposed
      non-smokers.

PMID- 3860242
TI  - Does watching others smoke increase smoking?

PMID- 3860243
TI  - The impact of a research interview on clinical re-attendance: a happy finding.

PMID- 3860244
TI  - Transient Gilles de la Tourette syndrome following alcohol withdrawal.

PMID- 3860245
TI  - Underestimation of recalled alcohol intake in relation to actual consumption.

PMID- 3860246
TI  - Biological properties of a spontaneous murine tumour (STS) suitable for in vitro
      in vivo studies.

PMID- 3860247
TI  - Incidence of the 15q+;17q- chromosome translocation in acute promyelocytic
      leukaemia (APL).
AB  - Cytogenetic analysis was carried out on peripheral blood cultures from seven
      patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL-M3). A reciprocal 15;17
      chromosome translocation, t(15q+;17q-), was found in all cases, and the
      breakpoints estimated to be 15q22 and 17q12-21. In addition to the t(15q+;17q-),
      trisomy 10 was found in 50% of cells analysed in one case. These results suggest
      that the 15;17 chromosome translocation may be observed in most cases of APL
      where the leukaemic cells are cultured before cytogenetic analysis is performed.
      The use of conditioned media in the culture of leukaemic cells is also described.

PMID- 3860248
TI  - Low-dose cytosine arabinoside regimen induced a complete remission with normal
      karyotypes in a case with hypoplastic acute myeloid leukaemia with No. 8-trisomy:
      in vitro and in vivo evidence for normal haematopoietic recovery.
AB  - Complete remission was achieved in a case of hypoplastic acute myeloid leukaemia
      with chromosomal aberration of No. 8-trisomy by giving very low dose of cytosine
      arabinoside (ara-C), 10 mg (7 X 5 mg/m2)/d, by 24 h continuous intravenous
      infusion for 20 d. We observed a definite cytoreduction phase in the bone marrow
      (BM) before normal haematopoiesis resumed. The remission BM showed only normal
      karyotypes in all metaphases examined. Granulocyte/macrophage colonies and
      erythroid bursts recovered sufficiently in numbers and cytogenetic study on
      single colonies and bursts revealed only normal karyotypes. These observations
      provide evidence that a low dose ara-C regimen can induce remission by
      cytoreduction which diverts the growth advantage from the leukaemic clone to the
      normal clones.

PMID- 3860250
TI  - Clinical orthodontic experience of Liverpool undergraduates.
AB  - A longitudinal study has been carried out over a 3-year period to monitor the
      effects of a change in emphasis in the clinical orthodontic training of
      undergraduate students. The change allowed them to treat more patients over a
      longer period of time with a greater variety and complexity of appliance, and to
      observe these patients into retention.

PMID- 3860249
TI  - Philadelphia chromosome-negative chronic myelogenous leukaemia: a morphological
      reassessment.
AB  - Morphological re-examination of 25 cases classified as Ph1-negative chronic
      myelogenous leukaemia (CML), with particular attention to the recent French
      American-British (FAB) group proposals for the diagnosis of the myelodysplastic
      syndromes, led to reclassification of all but one of these cases. Upon review of
      pretreatment material, seven of the 25 cases (28%) were considered to represent
      myeloproliferative and reactive conditions other than CML. Of the remaining 18
      cases, 17 (94%) were reclassified as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). These
      included one case of refractory anaemia (RA), three of refractory anaemia with
      excess of blasts (RAEB), four of RAEB in transformation (RAEBT), and nine of
      chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMMoL). Haematological findings in these 17
      patients were compared to those in 50 randomly selected patients with Ph1
      positive CML. Whereas an absolute basophilia in the peripheral blood was a nearly
      constant feature in the Ph1-positive group, it was lacking in all but one of the
      patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Differences in the pattern and degree of
      dysplasia were also noted. Only one of the 25 cases studied was considered
      morphologically and clinically indistinguishable from Ph1-positive CML. It
      appears that Ph1-negative CML constitutes a heterogeneous group of prognostically
      distinct disorders and that, in most instances, careful morphologic examination
      will permit precise classification.

PMID- 3860251
TI  - Assessment of screen/film combinations for cephalometric radiography.
AB  - Six different intensifying screen/film combinations were used to produce
      cephalometric radiographs of a tissue equivalent phantom skull. The adequacy of
      the films was assessed by seven orthodontists on two occasions. There was a low
      intra- and interobserver correlation. A more objective and reproducible method is
      required to evaluate intensifying screen/film combinations for cephalometric
      radiography.

PMID- 3860252
TI  - Digital image processing of cephalometric radiographs: a preliminary report.
AB  - The principles of image capture, image storage and image processing in digital
      radiology are described. The enhancement of radiographic images using digital
      image processing techniques and its application to cephalometry is discussed. The
      results of a pilot study which compared some common cephalometric measurements
      made from manual point identification with those made by direct digitization of
      digital radiographic images from video monitors are presented. Although in an
      early stage of development, the results from the image processing system were
      comparable with those obtained by traditional methods.

PMID- 3860253
TI  - An investigation into factors which may deter patients from undergoing
      orthodontic treatment.
AB  - A survey of a sample of patients and their respective parents attending the
      Orthodontic Department at the Leeds Dental Hospital was undertaken to assess some
      of the socio-economic factors which may mitigate against the provision and
      successful completion of a course of active appliance therapy. It emphasizes that
      for many families an appreciable degree of inconvenience and cost is incurred and
      makes it essential that treatment needs are justified for each individual patient
      in order to reduce lack of co-operation.

PMID- 3860254
TI  - The Treatment Study Group of the BSSO.
AB  - A brief summary of the objectives of the Treatment Study Group and its activities
      to date is given and a Class II Division 2 case treated without extractions is
      presented.

PMID- 3860255
TI  - Hypodontia--problems of permanent space closure.

PMID- 3860256
TI  - The Function Regulator III: effects and indications for use.
AB  - Analysis of 20 cases of Class III malocclusion treated with the FR.III showed
      that correction of the anterior crossbite was effected by adjustment of incisor
      inclinations and backward rotation or repositioning the mandible accompanied by
      an increase in face height. Subjects which responded most favourably to the
      FR.III were those with severe Class III malocclusion and a deep incisor overbite.

PMID- 3860257
TI  - A cephalometric comparison between Angle Class II, division 2 malocclusion and
      normal occlusion in adults.
AB  - The lateral cephalometric radiographs of 56 adults with Angle Class II/2
      malocclusion and of 81 persons with normal Class I occlusion are compared. The
      statistical analysis includes the calculation of the mean value, standard
      deviation and the determination of differences (Wilcoxon rank-test). Group
      characteristics are tested by stepwise discriminant analysis. The following
      statements regarding Angle Class II/2 as compared with normal Class I result from
      this study. The upper incisors are in a retruded position. The B-point is
      significantly retropositioned, whereas the pogonion is in a more normal position.
      The length of the mandibular corpus and the total length of the mandible are
      slightly diminished only. Normal values result for the size and position of the
      maxilla, the inclination of the mandibular corpus (angle between mandibular plane
      and NSe) and the gonion angle.

PMID- 3860258
TI  - Thumb sucking habit and associated dental differences in one of monozygous twins.

PMID- 3860259
TI  - Purification and kinetic characterization of a dopamine-sulfating form of phenol
      sulfotransferase from human brain.
AB  - The kinetic and biochemical properties of a purified, monoamine-sulfating form of
      phenol sulfotransferase (M-PST) from human brain are described. M-PST activity
      was separated and purified from phenol-sulfating activity by anion-exchange
      chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and subsequently purified on AffiGel Blue and
      Sephacryl S-200, routinely giving a final purification of over 20 000-fold, with
      approximately a 3% yield. The molecular weight of the active species, as
      estimated by gel filtration chromatography, was 250 000. The purified enzyme was
      inhibited by NaCl (50% at 325 mM) and showed an optimum for dopamine sulfation at
      pH 7.0. Of the monoamine substrates examined, 4-methoxytyramine was the most
      extensively sulfated at 20 microM, while at higher substrate concentrations (200
      microM), tyramine was the apparent preferred substrate. Kinetic analysis
      demonstrated that sulfation by M-PST proceeds via an ordered, bisubstrate
      reaction mechanism, where 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) is the
      leading substrate. True Km values for dopamine and PAPS were 2.9 and 0.35 microM,
      respectively. The product inhibitor 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate possessed a
      Ki of 0.07 microM, while the dead-end inhibitor ATP exhibited a Ki of 170 microM.

PMID- 3860260
TI  - Erythroid differentiation of cultured murine erythroleukemia cells by the
      spermine analogue canavalmine.
AB  - Canavalmine, an analogue of spermine, induced erythroid differentiation of murine
      erythroleukemia cells 745A, as evidenced by benzidine staining and heme content
      of cultured cells. Benzidine-positive cells synthesizing hemoglobin appeared on
      day 4 after addition of 250 microM canavalmine. The canavalmine-induced cell
      differentiation was inhibited by the addition of agents which alter the structure
      of the cell membrane, such as local anesthetics (procainamide and lidocaine) or
      Ca2+ antagonists (nifedipine and verapamil) at dosages not toxic for the cell
      growth. Canavalmine did not significantly affect the levels of conjugated
      polyamines in the acid-insoluble fraction of the cells. In contrast, the level of
      free spermidine in the acid-soluble fraction greatly decreased during the 18 h
      after canavalmine treatment. Putrescine and spermidine, when added externally to
      the growth medium, showed dose-dependent inhibition of canavalmine-induced cell
      differentiation. Neither cadaverine nor spermine had any significant effect.
      These results suggest that not only structural change of cell membrane but
      alteration of the polyamine metabolism, especially a regulation of the cellular
      level of free spermidine, might have a key importance in erythroid
      differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells induced by canavalmine.

PMID- 3860261
TI  - Effects of mepacrine on uterine contractile responses.
AB  - Mepacrine is a potent inhibitor of uterine contractile responses in vitro.
      Pretreatment of isolated rat uterine horns with mepacrine (1.3 X 10(-4)M) for
      periods of time ranging from 15 s to 5 min prior to the addition of carbachol
      (1.0 X 10(-4)M) showed that mepacrine could significantly reduce carbachol
      induced uterine contractile responses within 15 s of exposure. The maximal
      inhibitory effects of mepacrine on uterine contractile responses were observed
      within 2 min of mepacrine treatment. A dose-response study related to the effect
      of increasing concentrations of mepacrine (7.5 X 10(-6) to 1.3 X 10(-4)M) on
      carbachol-induced (1 X 10(-4)M) uterine contractions revealed that a dose of 3.1
      X 10(-5)M mepacrine reduced the carbachol-induced contraction by 50%. A dose of
      7.8 X 10(-5)M mepacrine produced the maximal inhibitory effect on the carbachol
      induced uterine contractions. Two doses of mepacrine (3.1 X 10(-5) and 1.3 X 10(
      4)M) significantly reduced maximal contractile responses and shifted contractile
      dose-response curves of carbachol, oxytocin, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and BaCl2 to
      the right. Based on the nonselective inhibition by mepacrine of contractile
      responses induced by different uterotonic agents, these results suggest that
      mepacrine cannot be used to characterize the role of phospholipase in regulating
      the actions of hormones in uterine tissue.

PMID- 3860262
TI  - Acrosome reaction of bovine spermatozoa in vivo: sites and effects of stages of
      the estrous cycle.
AB  - Thirty-two cows were inseminated near the uterotubal junction at various stages
      of the estrous cycle and slaughtered 16 h later to determine the effects of stage
      of the estrous cycle and tubal site of sperm recovery on the frequency of
      acrosome-reacted bull spermatozoa. Slaughter times were 46, 70, 144, or 168 h
      after each cow was injected with prostaglandin (PG) F 2 alpha or during the
      luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Sperm were recovered from the upper uterus and
      the isthmus and ampulla of the oviducts and stained for both viability and
      acrosome reaction. The highest frequency of acrosome-reacted sperm was found in
      the ampulla ipsilateral to a dominant follicle (largest follicle present) or
      recent ovulation and primarily at 70 h after PGF2 alpha (P less than 0.05). Also,
      fewer sperm were acrosome reacted prior to (46 h post-PGF2 alpha) and well after
      (168 h post-PGF2 alpha) estrus than during or immediately postestrus (70, 90, and
      144 h post-PGF2 alpha; P less than 0.05). Except for two cows, one at 46 h and
      one at 70 h, all cows with more than 50% acrosome-reacted sperm in the ampulla
      had ovulated before slaughter. These data suggest that capacitated sperm become
      localized in the ampulla of the oviduct of the ovulatory side around the time of
      ovulation.

PMID- 3860263
TI  - [Lectin-inducible cell cytotoxicity and the production of the cytotoxic factor of
      natural killer cells during immobilization stress in mice].
AB  - Mice exposed to immobilization stress manifested a dramatic lowering of the
      activity of normal killers against YAC-1 tumor as well as against the lectin
      induced cellular cytotoxicity mediated by Helix pomatia agglutinin and detected
      by the cytolytic test against xenogeneic tumor cells K 562. Exposure to stress
      did not provoke any change in the production of cytotoxic factor of normal
      killers, whereas dexamethasone (5 X 10(-7) M) in vitro inhibited the production
      of this factor.

PMID- 3860264
TI  - [Effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on the microvessels in a transparent chamber
      implanted in the rabbit concha auriculae].
AB  - The television analysing system LEITZ-TAS was employed to evaluate quantitative
      characteristics of the regeneration of microvessels in a transparent chamber
      implanted in rabbit ear under the influence of PGF2 alpha. It was established
      that formation of the microvascular network had been completed by the end of the
      first month after implantation of the chamber. Chronic injection of PGF2 alpha in
      the dose applied slowed down the growth of new microvessels and led to the
      constriction of arterioles and venules.

PMID- 3860266
TI  - The outpatient treatment of bulimia.

PMID- 3860265
TI  - Therapy for acute myeloid leukemia in 119 adults: a comparison of two treatment
      protocols.
AB  - Of 119 patients with acute myeloid leukemia, 69 were treated with Adriamycin,
      Vincristine and Cytosine Arabinoside (Therapy 1) and 50 with Daunorubicin,
      Cytosine Arabinoside and 6-Thioguanine (Therapy 2) as well as a consolidation
      therapy. The maintenance therapy with Cytosine Arabinoside and 6-Thioguanine was
      the same for both groups. The complete remission rate was 44% for Therapy 1 and
      68% for Therapy 2 (p less than 0.05). - The median values for remission duration
      were 7 and 13 months respectively (p = 0.10); for survival time the median values
      were 18 and 19 months. These figures show in retrospect that high remission rates
      can be attained through intensive induction therapy and that longer remission
      duration is correlated with more aggressive induction therapy. A mild form of
      maintenance therapy seems to have little effect on the duration of complete
      remission.

PMID- 3860267
TI  - Anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Their differential diagnoses in 24 males referred
      to an eating and weight disorders clinic.

PMID- 3860268
TI  - Surgical management of osteogenic sarcoma of the lower limb.

PMID- 3860269
TI  - Clinical and policy issues.

PMID- 3860271
TI  - Anorexia nervosa in patients of Afro-Caribbean extraction.
AB  - Recently there has been an increase in the number of reports of anorexia nervosa
      in non-Caucasian subjects. This paper describes three patients of Afro-Caribbean
      extraction with anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia nervosa seen at a specialist
      eating disorders clinic at the Maudsley Hospital between 1981 and 1983. No cases
      had been seen prior to this. The key clinical features were found to be, in the
      main, typical.

PMID- 3860270
TI  - Anorexia and bulimia in anorexia nervosa: a study of psychosocial functioning and
      associated psychiatric symptomatology.
AB  - Seventeen fasting patients with anorexia nervosa and 15 who also binged were
      compared in terms of their psychosocial functioning and associated psychiatric
      symptomatology, using the Delusions Symptoms and States Inventory (Foulds &
      Bedford, 1975). Both groups scored very highly on the state of anxiety,
      depression, and elation sets of the DSSI, but less highly on the compulsive and
      ruminative symptoms sets and on the phobic dissociative and conversion symptom
      sets. The bingeing anorexic group was significantly older and heavier than the
      fasting group and experienced more feelings of self-harm and guilt. The bingeing
      group reported sexual interference during childhood, and currently experienced a
      desire to vomit during sexual activity to a significantly greater degree than the
      fasting group.

PMID- 3860272
TI  - Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and mania in an adolescent.
AB  - The case is presented of a twelve-year-old boy suffering simultaneously from
      Tourette Syndrome (TS) and a manic episode. The problems of this unique clinical
      association are discussed from the point of view of differential diagnosis,
      treatment, and possible biochemical basis. The case also illustrates the
      usefulness of the expanded concept of TS as a neuropsychiatric disorder with
      dysregulation of perceptual, motor, and cognitive functioning.

PMID- 3860273
TI  - Hypocholesterolaemia and abnormal high-density lipoprotein in rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - Plasma lipid and lipoprotein patterns were determined in 54 female patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The patients were divided into four groups, on the
      basis of the treatment that was being administered (gold, penicillamine,
      hydroxychloroquine and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Plasma cholesterol
      levels were significantly reduced in all groups. The reduced plasma cholesterol
      level was a result of 26% and 36% reductions in low- and high-density
      lipoproteins (LDL and HDL), respectively. Very-low-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol was reduced only in the group receiving hydroxychloroquine, and this
      was associated with decreased plasma triglycerides in this group. Plasma
      apolipoprotein (apo) B, the LDL protein moiety, demonstrated a pattern similar to
      that shown for LDL cholesterol. Plasma apo A-I, the major HDL protein, was,
      however, in the normal range, suggesting an abnormal HDL fraction. Even though
      reduced HDL cholesterol was found in RA patients, the HDL/LDL ratio was normal
      and the apo A-I/apo B ratio was increased, suggesting that these patients are not
      at increased risk for atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3860274
TI  - Peritoneovenous shunt in the management of paediatric chylous ascites.

PMID- 3860275
TI  - Clinical sub-groups of multiple sclerosis in relation to HLA: DR alleles as
      possible markers of disease progression.
AB  - We have examined the distribution of HLA antigens in 70 multiple sclerosis (MS)
      patients divided in three groups defined according to clinical criteria: benign
      MS, severe MS, cerebellar MS. We have found a significant association between
      severe MS and HLA-DR2, and between benign MS of more than 15 years of evolution
      and HLA-DR3. We review previous work along the same line and conclude that the
      association of HLA antigens with "clinical subgroups of MS" could indicate a
      genetically based heterogeneity of the disease and offer help in establishing a
      prognosis.

PMID- 3860276
TI  - Complications of chemotherapy.

PMID- 3860277
TI  - [Congenital malformations due to accutane].

PMID- 3860278
TI  - Low-dose cytosine arabinoside in the myelodysplastic syndromes and acute
      myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - Seven patients with a myelodysplastic syndrome or "smoldering" acute myelogenous
      leukemia were treated with cytosine arabinoside in low dosage. Four patients
      experienced transient, partial responses characterized by improved peripheral
      blood counts, cessation of transfusion requirements, and a decreased incidence of
      infection. Treatment was associated with significant, transient hematologic
      toxicity. The appropriate clinical role of low-dose cytosine arabinoside remains
      uncertain.

PMID- 3860279
TI  - The effects of cyclophosphamide, ketoconazole, aclacinomycin-A, methotrexate, and
      scheduled methotrexate-5-fluorouracil combination chemotherapy on the
      transplantable R-3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma in the F1 hybrid male rat.
AB  - Male F1 hybrid rats bearing the R-3327 transplantable prostatic adenocarcinoma
      demonstrating similar growth patterns within the original sample of animals were
      carefully separated into control and treatment groups. This assured treatment of
      tumors with similar cell kinetics within each group. In the first study, two
      separate drug protocols were investigated by intraperitoneal injection, namely
      cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) once every 4 weeks for 8 weeks and scheduled
      methotrexate (7.5 mg/kg) followed in 90 minutes by 5-fluorouracil (50 mg/kg) once
      each week for 8 weeks. Excellent suppression of tumor growth was obtained with
      each treatment protocol. Both were significant at the 0.01 level. In the second
      study, methotrexate (100 mg/kg) intraperitoneally once each week for 6 weeks,
      aclacinomycin-A intraperitoneally once each week for 4 weeks, and ketoconazole
      (60 mg/kg) via gavage 5 times a week for 6 weeks were administered to the animals
      in each respective group. Aclacinomycin-A and ketoconazole showed significant
      suppression of tumor growth at the 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively.
      Methotrexate suppressed tumor growth, but did not reach levels of significance
      over the duration of the study (0.2 less than P less than 0.3).

PMID- 3860280
TI  - Spontaneous remission in adult acute leukemia.
AB  - A spontaneous complete remission of 34 months' duration was observed in an adult
      patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia. The remission occurred after a severe
      febrile pneumonia, which was treated with leukocyte transfusions. At relapse,
      chromosomal abnormalities reappeared slowly. Such spontaneous complete
      remissions, almost always associated with bacterial infections and blood
      transfusions, are extremely rare, and are usually of short duration. Previous
      cases are summarized, and the role of etiologic factors, including those related
      to the leukemic proliferation, are discussed.

PMID- 3860281
TI  - Osteogenic sarcoma of the skull. A clinicopathologic study of 19 patients.
AB  - The authors studied 19 patients with well documented osteogenic sarcomas arising
      in the skull, which represent 1.6% of all osteogenic sarcomas registered during a
      60-year period (1921-1981). Ten sarcomas were primary, de novo tumors. Nine
      others developed secondary osteogenic sarcomas; among these, six arose as a
      complication of Paget's disease, two followed irradiation, and one was associated
      with pre-existent fibrous dysplasia. The sarcomas arose in equal proportion in
      both sexes with the men being much older (mean age, 44 years) as compared to the
      women (mean age, 31 years). Patients with de novo osteogenic sarcomas were
      considerably younger than those with secondary lesions. Osteoblastic osteogenic
      sarcoma was by far the most common histologic variant in both the primary and the
      Paget's sarcomas. None of the patients with Paget's sarcoma lived longer than 1
      year; the median survival here was 4 months. Patients with de novo osteogenic
      sarcomas fared much better and there are four long-term survivors (longer than 3
      years) who are currently disease-free.

PMID- 3860282
TI  - Acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia with bone marrow eosinophilia and structural
      anomaly of chromosome 16.
AB  - A patient with acute myelocytic leukemia in relapse presented with t(16;21)
      (p12;q22). Hematologic studies revealed a large number of abnormal eosinophils in
      the bone marrow. The complexity of chromosome #16 rearrangements associated with
      acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and the possible significance of chromosomes #16
      and #21 in relation to the concomitant eosinophilia are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3860283
TI  - Chronic myelogenous leukemia with translocation (8;22): report of a new case.

PMID- 3860284
TI  - Chronic myelogenous leukemia and breaks at 9q34.

PMID- 3860285
TI  - Investigation of resistance to DNA cross-linking agents in 9L cell lines with
      different sensitivities to chloroethylnitrosoureas.
AB  - The 9L-2, 9L-7, and 9L-8 cell lines, derived from the 9L in vivo rat brain tumor,
      were treated with nitrosoureas that can alkylate and cross-link DNA and
      carbamoylate intracellular molecules to various extents. Compared to 9L cells, 9L
      2 cells were very resistant to the cytotoxic effects of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1
      nitrosourea, and to 2-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-D-deoxyglucopyranose.
      The sensitivity of 9L-7 and 9L-8 cell lines to these drugs was intermediate
      between 9L and 9L-2. Treatment of 9L, 9L-2, 9L-7, and 9L-8 cell lines with 1,3
      bis(trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea produced approximately the same
      level of cell kill. Compared to 9L cells, 9L-2 cells are 10-fold more resistant
      to the cytotoxic effects, 34-fold more resistant to the induction of sister
      chromatid exchanges, and have 40% fewer DNA interstrand cross-links caused by
      treatment with 3-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1
      nitrosourea . In contrast, treatment of 9L and 9L-2 cells with 1-ethylnitrosourea
      produced approximately the same level of cell kill and induction of sister
      chromatid exchanges. Our results suggest that the resistance of 9L-2, 9L-7, and
      9L-8 cells is related to DNA cross-linking and not to alkylation or
      carbamoylation. We studied the effects of other agents that form DNA cross-links
      with structures different from those formed by treatment with
      chloroethylnitrosoureas (CENUs) in 9L and 9L-2 cells. In contrast to results
      obtained with CENUs, 9L-2 cells were 2-fold more sensitive to the cytotoxic
      effects, 2-fold more sensitive to the induction of sister chromatid exchanges,
      and had 3-fold more cross-links formed than 9L cells treated with nitrogen
      mustard. However, the amount of cell kill, number of sister chromatid exchanges
      induced, and the DNA cross-linking were the same for 9L and 9L-2 cells treated
      with cis-diamminedichlorplatinum(II). Our results indicate that cellular
      resistance to CENUs is highly specific and that the mechanism of resistance does
      not allow cross-resistance with other DNA cross-linking agents. These and other
      results suggest that when DNA repair processes mediate cellular resistance to
      CENUs, other cross-linking agents will not be cross-resistant unless they form
      alkylation products that are affected by repair processes that mediate resistance
      to CENUs.

PMID- 3860286
TI  - Isolation and characterization of an anthracycline-resistant human leukemic cell
      line.
AB  - An anthracycline-resistant subline of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL
      60/AR) has been isolated in vitro by subculturing in progressively higher
      concentrations of Adriamycin. The resistant cells are capable of sustaining
      continuous growth in 10(-6) M Adriamycin which is more than 50 times the 50%
      inhibitory dose for the parent line. HL-60/AR expressed variable degrees of cross
      resistance to daunorubicin, dihydroxyanthracenedione, vincristine, vinblastine,
      and actinomycin D, but it remained sensitive to methotrexate and 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of glycoproteins of HL-60/AR revealed two prominent glycoproteins
      with molecular weights of 160,000 +/- 10,000 and 110,000 +/- 10,000 which were
      not detected in the sensitive cells. Cellular uptake and retention of
      daunorubicin was studied in the resistant and sensitive cells utilizing digitized
      video fluorescence microscopy. The sensitive cells accumulated more drug and
      showed at least 2-fold greater levels of brightness than the resistant cells.
      Studies of total intracellular accumulation, utilizing 10(-6) M [14C]
      daunorubicin as a marker, showed a 1-h accumulation of 98 +/- 20 pmol/10(6) cells
      in HL-60/AR versus 255 +/- 25 pmol/10(6) cells in HL-60. Exposure to nontoxic
      concentrations of the calcium channel blocker Verapamil (10(-5) M) led to
      enhanced accumulation (175 +/- 8 pmol/10(6) cells) and retention of the drug in
      HL-60/AR, resulting in increased cytotoxicity in HL-60/AR. These anthracycline
      resistant leukemic cells may serve as a valuable experimental model in studying
      the phenomenon of multiple drug resistance as well as strategies to circumvent it
      in human myeloid leukemia.

PMID- 3860288
TI  - Induction of a novel nuclear protein (p54) by phorbol esters in mouse
      erythroleukemia (Friend) cells.
AB  - Tumor-promoting phorbol esters including 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
      (TPA), specific inhibitors for erythroid differentiation in mouse Friend cells,
      induce a newly identified nuclear protein with a molecular weight of 54,000 (p54)
      in Friend cells. Phorbol, an analogue of TPA with neither tumor-promoting nor
      differentiation-inhibitory activity, did not induce p54. In a variant cell line
      of Friend cells which exhibits resistance to TPA in erythroid differentiation,
      p54 was not induced by TPA. The induction of p54 by TPA was counteracted by
      erythroid-inducing agents including dimethyl sulfoxide,
      hexamethylenebisacetamide, and actinomycin D. Throughout these experiments, we
      have observed an inverse relationship between p54 induction and cellular
      potential for erythroid differentiation.

PMID- 3860287
TI  - Central nervous system toxicity and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of
      intraventricular 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)ethyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1
      nitro soureas and other nitrosoureas in beagles.
AB  - The central nervous system toxicity and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      pharmacokinetics of 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)ethyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1
      nitrosoureas, a (ACNU) were determined in beagles and compared to those for
      three other nitrosoureas, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1
      nitrosourea, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, and chlorozotocin. Of the four
      drugs, ACNU was tolerated best and at doses of 0.2 to 0.8 mg/week for 8
      consecutive weeks. We found that the average half-time for CSF elimination of
      ACNU was 18 min (range, 12 to 38 min). This value exceeded the known rate of ACNU
      decomposition in aqueous solution (28 to 29 min), implying that the disappearance
      of ACNU from CSF was due to hydrolytic decomposition and cellular entry and/or
      transcapillary loss across central nervous system capillaries. The drug exposure
      integral (C X t) of ACNU in the CSF after a "toxic dose low" of 0.8 mg in the
      dogs would achieve the equivalent of in vitro cell kills in excess of 3 logs for
      rat 9L and human glioma 126 cells. As a potential therapeutic agent for meningeal
      neoplasia, the major limiting factor may be that the CSF elimination of ACNU is
      rapid compared to its equilibration time from ventricle to spinal- and cerebral
      convexity-subarachnoid space. Based on these results, we have instituted clinical
      Phase I trials of intra-CSF ACNU.

PMID- 3860289
TI  - Cell cycle sensitivity of HL-60 cells to the differentiation-inducing effects of
      1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
AB  - A recently described system for monocyte-like differentiation of HL-60 cells was
      utilized to determine if the initiation of this pathway can be linked to a set of
      replicative cellular events. The standard induction system consisted of a 4-h
      exposure to 100 nM 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] followed by
      determination of nonspecific esterase and phagocytic activity 24 h later. The
      cell cycle status was ascertained by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and
      autoradiography. Studies in which cell cycle block in the G1/S phase boundary
      region was produced by a partial inhibition of DNA synthesis with thymidine, or
      sodium butyrate, showed that the exposure of such semisynchronous cultures to
      1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in an increased proportion of differentiated cells.
      Conversely, blocking the cell cycle with vinblastine (G2/M block) or theobromine
      (mid-G1 block) inhibited the initiation of differentiation by 1,25(OH)2D3.
      Experiments in which the differentiated cells were examined for the cell cycle
      position at the time of the exposure to 1,25(OH)2D3 by [3H]thymidine labeling and
      autoradiography confirmed that the late G1 and early S phase cells are those
      which predominate in the differentiated fraction of 1,25(OH)2D3-treated HL-60
      cultures. These results link pre- and early replicative cellular events to the
      induction of monocytic differentiation by 1,25(OH)2D3.

PMID- 3860290
TI  - Relationships between morphology, dissemination, migration, and prostaglandin E2
      secretion by cloned variants of Lewis lung carcinoma.
AB  - Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC) were isolated and cloned from metastatic lung
      nodules of C57BL/6 mice or from a cultured parental LLC line. Their dissemination
      abilities were defined in vivo by their capacities to disseminate to the lungs
      following s.c. or i.v. injection into mice and in an in vitro model for tumor
      dissemination by their ability to migrate out of glass capillary tubes. Cloned
      LLC cells with an enhanced dissemination capacity exhibited a rounded morphology,
      were nonadherent during in vitro culture, and readily migrated out of capillary
      tubes. In contrast, clones not capable of dissemination were adherent and spread
      during in vitro culture and did not migrate out of capillary tubes. Production of
      prostaglandin E2 by these clones was measured by a radioimmunoassay. An inverse
      relationship was observed between the extent of migration and dissemination of
      clones and their ability to secrete prostaglandin E2 in vitro and in vivo.
      However, the prostaglandin E2 did not regulate the migration-dissemination
      capacities of LLC clones as inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis did not alter
      their capacity to migrate in vitro or to lodge in the lungs following i.v.
      inoculation into mice.

PMID- 3860291
TI  - Paradoxical effect of BW 301U, a lipophilic antifolate, on methotrexate
      inhibitable deoxyuridine incorporation by human hematopoietic cells.
AB  - The ability of methotrexate and BW 301U, a lipophilic folate antagonist, to
      inhibit tritiated deoxyuridine incorporation into acid-precipitable material by
      human bone marrow cells was evaluated before and after five sequential daily
      infusions of BW 301U. After in vivo BW 301U therapy, bone marrow cells from five
      of the six patients exhibited significantly reduced inhibition by 1 microM
      methotrexate in vitro, whereas the response to 1 microM BW 301U remained
      unchanged. Megaloblastic marrow morphology and decreased myeloid progenitor
      cloning efficiency were also observed following five daily BW 301U infusions of
      21 and 71 mg/sq m, respectively. A similar reduction in the ability of
      methotrexate to inhibit tritiated deoxyuridine incorporation was also seen in HL
      60 cells, a human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line, after incubation in
      vitro with cytostatic concentrations of BW 301U for 3 days. Concomitant changes
      in the response to BW 301U did not occur. While it is premature to infer clinical
      significance from this preliminary observation of BW 301U-induced asymmetry in
      the response to subsequent antifolates, our results augment a growing body of
      evidence which suggests that lipophilic folate antagonists might be effective in
      the treatment of methotrexate-resistant neoplasms.

PMID- 3860293
TI  - Mathematical model of remission duration in acute myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - A mathematical model of disease-free survival in acute myelogenous leukemia is
      formulated in terms of proliferation of the leukemic stem cell compartment. A
      survivorship function is described which allows for the possibility that some
      patients may be cured of their disease and which captures the main features of
      experimental remission-duration curves. The model is used to investigate the
      effect of the amount of residual disease and the growth rate of the stem cell
      population on the length of remissions and the chances for cure. A method of
      comparing clinical trials, with potential for explanatory inference, is
      exemplified.

PMID- 3860292
TI  - Prevalence of antibodies to HTLV-III in AIDS risk groups in West Germany.
AB  - The prevalence of antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus III was determined in
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) risk groups by an enzyme linked
      immunosorbent assay and confirmatory tests in four different areas in West
      Germany. Twenty-four of 28 homosexual AIDS patients (86%), 24 of 33 homosexual
      patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome or AIDS related complex (73%), and 44 of
      113 asymptomatic homosexuals at risk for AIDS (39%) were seropositive. In three
      groups of hemophiliacs, 8 of 35 in 1983 (23%), 25 of 65 in early 1984 (39%), and
      19 of 23 in late 1984 (83%) showed positive results. Two sera from 36
      polytransfused patients were also positive, whereas 36 selected blood donors, and
      32 healthy laboratory and clinical personnel were all negative. Also no human T
      lymphotropic virus III antibodies were detected in sera of 187 prostitutes in the
      Munich area.

PMID- 3860294
TI  - Phase I evaluation of beta-2'-deoxythioguanosine in pediatric patients with
      leukemia.
AB  - Thirty-one pediatric patients with acute leukemia who had relapsed on either 6
      mercaptopurine or 6-thioguanine were treated with beta-2'-deoxythioguanosine,
      which was administered as an iv infusion every 12 hours for three or six doses
      every 2 weeks. Severe nausea and vomiting and urate nephropathy were the dose
      limiting toxic effects. Therapeutic responses occurred in four of 24 children
      with acute lymphocytic leukemia and in two of seven with acute nonlymphoblastic
      leukemia.

PMID- 3860295
TI  - Phase II study of aclarubicin in previously untreated patients with advanced soft
      tissue sarcoma: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group trial.

PMID- 3860296
TI  - Amsacrine in refractory acute leukemia.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with heavily pretreated, relapsed acute leukemia were treated
      with amsacrine (120 mg/m2/day X 5). The 32 patients received a total of 41
      courses of therapy, and 31 patients were evaluable for response. There were no
      complete remissions and only one partial remission (3 months) in an adult patient
      with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Toxic effects included myelosuppression (100%
      of the patients), hyperbilirubinemia (41%), nausea and vomiting (41%), stomatitis
      (9%), and cardiac dysrhythmia (3%). We conclude that amsacrine as a single agent
      is not a useful treatment for relapsed, heavily pretreated adult and pediatric
      acute leukemia.

PMID- 3860297
TI  - High-dose cytarabine for the treatment of blastic phase chronic myelogenous
      leukemia.
AB  - High-dose cytarabine chemotherapy regimens were given to 22 patients for the
      treatment of blastic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia. Bone marrow aplasia
      occurred in 21 of these patients; in one patient the marrow was not cleared of
      blasts. In five patients (26%), blastic phase promptly recurred. Eight patients
      (37%) died of infection or hemorrhage during the period of marrow aplasia before
      bone marrow recovery. Seven patients achieved complete remission and one achieved
      partial remission, but the duration of the remission was brief [median, 98 days
      (range, 52-345)]. One patient received consolidation therapy with an additional
      course of high-dose cytarabine and maintained remission for 345 days. These
      results suggest that alternative approaches to the treatment need to be explored.

PMID- 3860299
TI  - Treatment of blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia with vincristine,
      prednisone, and cytarabine.

PMID- 3860298
TI  - Phase II trial of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin in patients with advanced malignant
      melanoma.

PMID- 3860300
TI  - [4'-epidoxorubicin].

PMID- 3860301
TI  - 5' end of HMG CoA reductase gene contains sequences responsible for cholesterol
      mediated inhibition of transcription.
AB  - Cholesterol homeostasis is maintained by feedback inhibition of transcription of
      the gene encoding HMG CoA reductase. To study this mechanism, we joined the 5'
      end of the hamster reductase gene to the coding region for chloramphenicol
      acetyltransferase (CAT). The chimeric gene produced high levels of CAT activity
      in mouse L cells; sterols suppressed expression by 70% to 90%. Sequences
      responsible for both promotion and inhibition of transcription were distributed
      over 500 bp extending 300 bp upstream of the reductase transcription initiation
      sites. Any sizable deletion within this region decreased CAT expression in vivo
      and CAT mRNA transcription in vitro. This region contains five hexanucleotide
      repeats (CCGCCC or GGGCGG) that occur in promoters of viral and cellular
      housekeeping genes. Every reductase-CAT plasmid that showed transcriptional
      activity also showed inhibition by sterols, indicating that the sites for
      promotion and inhibition of transcription are closely associated.

PMID- 3860302
TI  - [Long-term treatment using prostaglandin E2 in congenital heart defects with the
      pulmonary circulation being supplied by a patent ductus arteriosus].

PMID- 3860303
TI  - [Accutane--a new human teratogen as a cause of a new syndrome].

PMID- 3860304
TI  - Comparative murine metabolism and disposition of class II anthracycline
      antibiotics.
AB  - The metabolism and tissue distribution of aclacinomycin A (ACL), marcellomycin
      (MCM), and musettamycin (MST), three new anthracycline antibiotics, were compared
      after IV administration to mice. In plasma, total MCM- and ACL-derived
      fluorescence declined according to first-order kinetics, whereas an initial
      decline followed by a rebound was observed for MST. In plasma, MCM remained the
      predominant compound. ACL was eliminated more quickly, and was replaced by two
      metabolites, the reduced glycoside M1, and an aglycone. In the case of MST, two
      unidentified metabolites were observed in concentrations equivalent to that of
      the parent drug. The three drugs were distributed widely to organs, but only ACL
      achieved measurable concentrations in the brain. Initially, high concentrations
      of all three drugs were present in the lungs, but these decreased quickly to
      values similar to those present in the liver and kidneys. Intermediate
      concentrations of the three drugs were measured in heart and skeletal muscle.
      Splenic concentrations of all three drugs rose progressively, reaching a maximum
      at 8 h after injection in the case of ACL and MST, and at 24 h after injection in
      the case of MCM. Concentrations of the metabolites of MCM and MST were low in all
      organs except liver and kidney, where the aglycones 7-deoxypyrromycinone and
      bisanhydropyrromycinone were seen. The metabolism of ACL was extensive. Aglycones
      were dominant in the liver and kidneys, whereas reduced glycosides predominated
      in the spleen. These observations indicate that the murine pharmacology of these
      three structurally similar drugs differs markedly.

PMID- 3860305
TI  - N-sulfooxy-2-aminofluorene is the major ultimate electrophilic and carcinogenic
      metabolite of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene in the livers of infant male
      C57BL/6J x C3H/HeJ F1 (B6C3F1) mice.
AB  - The hepatic DNA of 12-day-old male B6C3F1 (C57BL/6J X C3H/HeJ) mice given an i.p.
      dose of 0.06 or 0.11 mumol/g body weight of N-hydroxy-[3H]-2-acetylaminofluorene
      (N-hydroxy-AAF) contained at 9 h approximately 3 or 6 pmol of N-(deoxyguanosin-8
      yl)-2-aminofluorene adducts per mg. Together the level of the two acetylated
      adducts N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene and 3-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)
      2-acetylaminofluorene was less than or equal to 10% of this amount. The same
      doses of unlabeled carcinogen induced by 10 months a 100% incidence of hepatomas
      with averages of 10 and 15 hepatomas per mouse, respectively. Injection of 0.04
      mumol/g body weight of pentachlorophenol (PCP) 45 min before the dose of N
      hydroxy-AAF decreased the number of adducts in the DNA by 90% and the average
      number of hepatomas per liver by 80-90%. As compared to their normal male
      littermates, male brachymorphic B6C3F2 mice, which are deficient in hepatic 3'
      phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), treated with N-hydroxy-AAF formed only
      25% as many hepatic DNA adducts and developed only 10% as many hepatomas. Hepatic
      cytosols from 12-day-old B6C3F1 mice contained PAPS-dependent sulfotransferase
      activity for N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene (N-hydroxy-AF), a previously unrecognized
      activity, as well as sulfotransferase activity for N-hydroxy-AAF; both activities
      were inhibited 60% by 1 microM and greater than or equal to 80% by 10 microM PCP.
      Cytosolic acetyl coenzyme A-dependent acetyltransferase activity for N-hydroxy
      AF, cytosolic N,O-acyltransferase activity for N-hydroxy-AAF, and microsomal
      deacetylase for N-hydroxy-AAF were not significantly inhibited by PCP under these
      conditions. The above data strongly indicate that N-sulfooxy-2-aminofluorene is
      the major ultimate electrophilic and carcinogenic metabolite of N-hydroxy-AAF in
      the livers of infant male B6C3F1 mice.

PMID- 3860306
TI  - Comparative effects of a complete tumor promoter, TPA, and a second-stage tumor
      promoter, RPA, on intercellular communication, cell differentiation and cell
      transformation.
AB  - The biological activities in vitro of the incomplete (second-stage) tumor
      promoter, 12-O-retinoyl phorbol-13-acetate (RPA), and the complete tumor
      promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were compared. The doses of
      TPA and RPA necessary to inhibit the specific binding of [3H]-phorbol-12,13
      dibutyrate ([3H]PDBu) to BALB/c 3T3 cells (50% inhibition doses; ID50; 8-13
      ng/ml) were very similar; however, RPA was less potent than TPA in inhibiting
      [3H]-PDBu binding to Friend erythroleukemia cells (FELC). Intercellular
      communication between BALB/c 3T3 cells, measured by transfer of microinjected
      fluorescent dye (Lucifer Yellow), was inhibited by RPA as well as by TPA; TPA was
      about five times more potent than RPA. RPA also inhibited FELC differentiation
      induced by hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) but not the differentiation of a TPA
      resistant clone. The dose-responses of these two compounds in inhibiting
      differentiation of both TPA-sensitive and resistant FELC were very similar. When
      TPA and RPA were compared in their promoting activity of in vitro cell
      transformation of BALB/c 3T3 cells initiated with 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA, 0.1
      microgram/ml), both TPA and RPA significantly increased the yield of
      morphologically transformed foci, and RPA was approximately 10 times more potent
      than TPA. These results suggest that RPA and TPA share many common in vitro
      biological effects and that these in vitro studies do not allow us to delineate
      clearly the effect of a second-stage tumor promoter from that of complete tumor
      promoters such as TPA.

PMID- 3860307
TI  - Modeled velopharyngeal orifice area prediction during simulated stop consonant
      production in the presence of increased nasal airway resistance.
AB  - This project examined modeled velopharyngeal orifice area estimation under
      conditions simulating voiceless stop consonant production in the presence of
      nasal airway obstruction. The results indicated that accurate estimates of
      velopharyngeal orifice area can be obtained using Warren's hydrokinetic equation
      during aerodynamic events like those known to exist during speech in the presence
      of increased nasal airway resistance. These findings provide support for clinical
      and research use of Warren's pressure-flow approach to investigate velopharyngeal
      function during speech production.

PMID- 3860308
TI  - Predictions of modeled palatopharyngeal port openings under conditions simulating
      pharyngeal flap reconstruction.
AB  - This study examined the estimation of modeled palatopharyngeal orifice areas
      under conditions similar to those created by pharyngeal flap reconstruction.
      Results indicated that accurate estimates of the palatopharyngeal orifice area
      can be obtained using Warren's pressure-flow approach when the calculated area is
      actually the combined area of the lateral palatopharyngeal port openings. Our
      findings lend additional support to the view that pressure-flow techniques can
      provide objective information about the degree to which surgical procedures
      provide palatopharyngeal competence for speech.

PMID- 3860309
TI  - Effectiveness of genetic counseling for families with craniofacial anomalies.
AB  - Questionnaire data about genetic counseling experiences are presented from 37
      parents and 25 patients who were evaluated. The subjects' perceptions vary
      regarding the cause of cleft lip or palate or both. More positive feelings about
      the birth defect are expressed after the subjects receive counseling. However, 25
      percent of the sample express negative feelings about the birth defect after
      counseling. Ninety percent of the subjects indicate that counseling should occur
      within the first 3 months of the birth of the infant with a cleft. The subjects
      agree significantly on the important components of genetic counseling. The
      authors conclude that effective counseling includes (1) providing facts,
      alleviating guilt, and dispelling misperceptions; (2) discussing decision making;
      and (3) facilitating the coping process. Implications for further research and a
      protocol for counseling are suggested.

PMID- 3860310
TI  - Longitudinal evaluation of articulation and velopharyngeal competence of patients
      with pharyngeal flaps.
AB  - In this study, 129 patients with cleft palate who had pharyngeal flaps were
      evaluated longitudinally. Articulation scores improved approximately 15 percent
      following surgery, and by age 16 the majority of subjects achieved velopharyngeal
      competence and 90 percent correct articulation. The findings also demonstrated
      that the risk of requiring secondary management increased with the severity of
      the cleft. In addition, a higher percentage of patients who had received a
      primary Von Langenbeck procedure required secondary management than did patients
      who had the Wardill primary palatoplasty. Age at time of the pharyngeal flap
      operation did not emerge as a critical factor in speech outcome.

PMID- 3860311
TI  - Congenital hemifacial hyperplasia: an embryologic hypothesis and case report.
AB  - Congenital hyperplasia is a developmental disorder characterized by marked
      unilateral asymmetry. The structural disproportions from one side to the other
      far exceed variations commonly seen in the normal population. Classically, as
      first described in 1836, the overgrowth of tissue is restricted to one-half of
      the body, including the extremities. In other cases the hyperplastic enlargement
      involves segmental areas of the body, such as the hemifacial skeleton and an
      extremity. A case report is presented, and the clinical characteristics of 192
      cases of congenital hyperplasia in the literature are briefly reviewed. Use of
      the word hyperplasia to describe the condition (rather than hypertrophy) is
      encouraged. The authors propose a new embryologic hypothesis: asymmetrical
      development of the neural fold and hyperplasia of the neural crest cells are said
      to form the basis for the disorder. The rewards, risks, and limitations of
      reconstructive surgery over a 10-year period are discussed.

PMID- 3860312
TI  - Eustachian tube function in the rhesus monkey model of cleft palate.
AB  - Past studies showed that surgical clefting of the palate resulted in impaired
      active eustachian tube (ET) function and otitis media with effusion (OME) in a
      Rhesus monkey model. In the present study, this model was used to evaluate the
      effect of palatal healing on ET function in eight juvenile Rhesus monkeys.
      Following insertion of bilateral tympanostomy tubes and collection of baseline ET
      function data, the soft palate was surgically clefted to the right of the
      midline, and bilateral ET function tests were repeated weekly until the cleft had
      healed. Results showed that tubal function was severely compromised on the right
      side but was relatively unaffected on the left side following surgical clefting;
      active muscular-assisted function was more affected than the passive function;
      and the abnormal function was reversible with healing of the cleft.

PMID- 3860313
TI  - A comparison of craniofacial growth in normal and cleft palate rhesus monkeys.
AB  - In an attempt to better understand the etiology of middle ear disease in humans
      with cleft palate, a rhesus monkey model was developed. In this study, the model
      was extended to deal with the specific problem of otitis media in infants with
      cleft palate. Fifteen rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta, were utilized in the
      present investigation. Soft palate clefts were surgically produced in ten of the
      subjects, and five served as unoperated controls. Longitudinal data on middle ear
      status and craniofacial growth were collected until an approximate age of 2
      years. Comparisons of linear regression coefficients representing size and rates
      of growth of craniofacial dimensions were made between operated and control group
      animals. No significant (p less than .05) differences were found between the
      groups. It is concluded that surgically produced clefts of the soft palate alter
      middle ear function and produce ear disease but do not change the rates of growth
      of the measured components of the craniofacial complex.

PMID- 3860314
TI  - Custom-fabricated masks for aeromechanical measures.
AB  - A technique is described for the construction of custom fabricated face masks
      designed for use in aeromechanical studies of individuals with speech disorders,
      such as those associated with craniofacial defects. The wax-elimination method of
      mask fabrication described herein is similar to routine dental laboratory
      procedures. Materials employed are heat-cured acrylic resin for the body of the
      mask and heat-cured resilient liner for the tissue contacting surface of the
      mask.

PMID- 3860315
TI  - Quintuplets with clefts: follow-up at 5 years.
AB  - Follow-up observations are presented of a set of quintuplets at 5 years of age.
      Three of the children were born with different degrees of oral clefting. Height
      and weight comparisons between siblings with clefts and those without reveal that
      the most severely affected children lagged in their height measurements at the
      age of 5 years. This may indicate need for special awareness when caring for such
      children. A relative constriction of the anterior segment of the maxillary dental
      arch in two of the affected siblings may reflect a possible effect from previous
      surgical intervention.

PMID- 3860316
TI  - Respiratory arrest in an infant with cleft lip.

PMID- 3860317
TI  - Simplified velopharyngeal orifice area estimation.

PMID- 3860318
TI  - Congenital 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency associated with
      juvenile hypertension: corticosteroid metabolite profiles of four patients and
      their families.
AB  - Four children with 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency are described.
      All patients had severe hypertension, hypokalaemia, and low plasma aldosterone
      and renin activities. Two of the patients were siblings and two were unrelated.
      The most noticeable biochemical feature of these individuals was the extremely
      low excretion of cortisol metabolites containing an 11-carbonyl group compared to
      the excretion of the 11 beta-hydroxyl containing metabolites. Although this
      condition is readily diagnosed in affected individuals by urinary steroid
      analysis, carriers of the defect do not differ from normal in their urinary
      steroids. Both parents of the affected siblings had normal 11-oxo-steroid/11 beta
      hydroxysteroid ratios under baseline conditions and the lesions could not be
      revealed by ACTH administration.

PMID- 3860319
TI  - Detection at amniocentesis of a maternally inherited X;Y translocation.
AB  - G banded chromosomal analysis of cells from a routine amniocentesis revealed a Y
      to X translocation in the fetus. The same unbalanced translocation was found in
      the mother who was disproportionately short. H-Y antigen titers in the mother
      were intermediate and steroid sulfatase activity was in the normal female range.
      At birth the baby exhibited few dysmorphic features but appeared to have short
      limbs.

PMID- 3860320
TI  - Human bronchoalveolar macrophage heterogeneity demonstrated by histochemistry,
      surface markers and phagocytosis.
AB  - Human alveolar macrophages (AM) were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from 18
      patients with a variety of conditions. For each patient the percentages of AM
      showing the following properties were determined: (1) staining for the enzymes
      non-specific esterase (NSE) and acid phosphatase (ACP); (2) in vitro phagocytosis
      of Candida guillermondii; (3) expression of cell surface markers detected by two
      monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) (1B5 and DA2) and two anti-monocyte/macrophage MoAb
      (UCHMI and RFD2); and (4) simultaneous phagocytosis of C. guillermondii and
      staining with the MoAb. In all patients the majority of AM were found to be Ia
      positive (90 +/- 10%) ACP positive (100%) and NSE positive (97 +/- 4%). In
      contrast a smaller proportion were UCHM1 and RFD2 positive (77 +/- 11%, 68 +/-
      12%) and less were phagocytic (37 +/- 17%). Whilst the total percentage of cells
      staining with the MoAb was unaltered by phagocytosis, the proportion of UCHM1 or
      RFD2 positive cells was significantly higher in the phagocytic population than in
      the non-phagocytic population (90% and 85%, as opposed to 65% and 55%, P less
      than 0.001). Thus only a proportion of Ia positive AM expressed
      monocyte/macrophage antigens and were phagocytic. Such heterogeneity may reflect
      different stages of macrophage maturation or the existence of macrophage
      subpopulations with functionally distinct roles in airways immunity.

PMID- 3860321
TI  - Gallium-67 citrate whole body scanning for the localization of infected vascular
      synthetic grafts.
AB  - Ga-67 (3 mCi) was used in 11 patients to diagnose and locate an eventual
      infection of their synthetic vascular prostheses. In seven cases, an area of
      gallium uptake was found and the infection confirmed by surgery and bacteriology.
      In the remaining four cases, no uptake of gallium was found and the absence of
      infection was confirmed.

PMID- 3860322
TI  - Abnormal splenic uptake of gallium-67 citrate in a case of infectious
      mononucleosis.
AB  - A case of fever of undetermined origin (FUO) demonstrated abnormal intense
      concentration of Ga-67 citrate in the spleen. Initial workup demonstrated two
      negative mono spot tests for infectious mononucleosis (IM) but, on hospital day
      2, a repeat mono test was positive. The diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by
      rising heterophilic antibody titers. Six weeks after hospital discharge, repeat
      Ga-67 citrate imaging demonstrated absence of abnormal splenic activity. To our
      knowledge, this phenomenon has not been previously described in IM. In the
      appropriate clinical setting, intense splenic uptake of Ga-67 should alert the
      clinician to include the possibility of IM in the differential diagnosis.

PMID- 3860323
TI  - Scintigraphic dissociation of reticuloendothelial and hepatocyte function in
      chronic vitamin A hepatotoxicity.
AB  - A discordant hepatic uptake between Tc-99m sulfur colloid and Ga-67 citrate has
      occurred in an adult patient with hepatotoxicity due to hypervitaminosis A. The
      authors believe this is a scintigraphic phenomenon related to the characteristics
      of the radiopharmaceuticals used and does not necessarily represent a true
      dissociation of various cellular functions of the liver.

PMID- 3860324
TI  - Gallium-67 citrate localization in disseminated sporotrichosis.
AB  - A 25-year-old woman demonstrated Ga-67 citrate accumulation within a facial
      cutaneous lesion and two subcutaneous nodules within the right lower extremity.
      Cultures of the facial lesion and one of the subcutaneous nodules grew Sporothrix
      schenckii. Ga-67 citrate uptake has not been reported previously with this fungal
      infection. Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy was helpful in defining the extent of the
      disease, following its course, and determining the response to therapy.

PMID- 3860325
TI  - Gallium-67 imaging in dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to viral infection.

PMID- 3860326
TI  - Gallium-67 citrate imaging in the evaluation of unilateral absence of pulmonary
      perfusion-ventilation.

PMID- 3860327
TI  - Metastatic osteogenic sarcoma involving the left ventricle. Identification with
      gallium-67 citrate.

PMID- 3860328
TI  - Self-inflicted injuries in childhood. A review and diagnostic approach.
AB  - Eleven clinical and behavioral syndromes that can result in self-inflicted injury
      in childhood and adolescence are reviewed and classified. The causes and remedies
      of such injuries vary both among and within these 11 classes. Pediatricians
      should be alert to the possible presence and meaning of self-injury.

PMID- 3860329
TI  - Toothbrushing duration in 60 uninstructed young adults.
AB  - 60 uninstructed adults aged 18-22 yr (agricultural students) brushed their teeth
      and were recorded on video tape. From repeated viewing of the tapes, the total
      brushing time and the numbers of strokes used in each of 16 areas of the mouth
      were obtained for each subject. The mean (+/- SD) brushing time was 33.0 s (+/-
      12.0); the mean number of strokes employed by each subject was 302 (+/- 122).
      More strokes were used to brush the mandibular than the maxillary arch, labial
      and buccal than occlusal areas, and occlusal than lingual areas. The results are
      compared with those from a similar study in uninstructed schoolchildren, reported
      previously.

PMID- 3860330
TI  - Immigrants and a public oral health care service for children in Denmark.
AB  - The present study was conducted to compare level of dental caries, treatment
      pattern and contact patterns with the Child Oral Health Care System of children
      of immigrants. The study comprised 239 Turkish, 117 Pakistani and 91 other
      immigrants and a control group of 359 Danish children. Data were extracted from
      the dental records in the clinic where they were treated. All groups of
      immigrants showed more caries in the primary dentition and less caries in the
      permanent dentition than Danish children of comparable age. For preschool
      children a higher number of broken appointments were found for the immigrants as
      well as a higher number of appointments which were interrupted due to management
      problems. The consequences for planning preventive and restorative programs for
      children of immigrants are discussed.

PMID- 3860331
TI  - Active-involvement principle in dental health education.
AB  - A basic problem in dental health education (DHE) is that the effect usually
      disappears shortly after the termination of a program. The purpose of the present
      study was to obtain long-term effect of a DHE-program by emphasizing the active
      involvement of the participants. The sample comprised an experimental and a
      control group, each of 68 unskilled workers, aged 18-64. Active participation was
      obtained by various means: Teaching was carried out in pre-existing peer groups,
      the participants' own goals and needs were included, the traditional dentist
      patient barriers were excluded, the traditional dentist-patient roles were
      changed, and the sessions were repeated. No dental treatment was included. The
      control group did not participate in the DHE-programme. Plaque (PII) and
      gingivitis (GI) were scored before the program, immediately after, and 6 months
      and 31/2 yr after the last session. In the experimental group PII and GI
      decreased significantly from 1.30 and 1.42 at baseline to 0.39 and 0.97 6 months
      after the program, and 0.45 and 0.79 31/2 yr after the termination of the
      program. It is suggested that the reason for the long-term effect obtained in the
      present study was the use of the principle of active involvement of the
      participants in the DHE-program.

PMID- 3860332
TI  - Stimulating dental attendance in the Netherlands: comparison of three conceptual
      frameworks.
AB  - A field-experiment was done to study the differential effectiveness of three
      conceptual approaches to stimulate the demand for dental care. Persuasive
      messages were based on Ajzen & Fishbein's theory of reasoned action, on the
      health-belief model, and on the notion that knowledge of rights and obligations
      is a prerequisite for seeking dental care. All messages included an application
      form and a return envelope. Subjects were 269 members of Amsterdam health
      insurance companies. They had not received regular dental treatment and/or a
      certificate of dental fitness for at least 21/2 yr. Subjects received one of the
      three messages, an application form only (with a return envelope), or no message
      at all. Applying for treatment and acquiring a dental certificate were the
      behavioral measures. In all, 47.4% of insured who received message and/or
      application form applied for treatment. No control subjects applied. Fifteen
      months later 70% of the applicants had obtained a dental certificate. A
      differential effectiveness of the three messages was absent. Contrary to our
      expectations the condition of no message, application form only proved as
      effective as the message conditions. Results furthermore indicate that the main
      reason for not applying concerns fear of dental treatment. Whether or not the
      subject applied did not correlate with his knowledge of rights and obligations,
      sex, age, level of education, and occupational status.

PMID- 3860333
TI  - Self-reported health behavior and dental knowledge of a migrant worker
      population.
AB  - In conjunction with operation of a summer school-based dental program in
      Michigan, 101 children from migrant families, primarily Mexican-American,
      completed questionnaires relating demographic background, past dental experience,
      and knowledge of caries preventive methods. A smaller number of available mothers
      were asked these questions plus others relating to family dental problems, diet
      and knowledge of periodontal disease. Adults and children reported similar
      demographic backgrounds. Most children (68.7%) listed brushing as the best way to
      prevent cavities as did 60% of the mothers. Less than 2% of the children
      considered use of fluoride in any form as the best way to prevent cavities and
      only two of 20 mothers mentioned fluoride in this context. Members of this
      selected population were weak in their knowledge of the relation between a sweet
      diet and caries, the relation between oral hygiene and periodontal health, and
      the role of fluorides in caries prevention.

PMID- 3860334
TI  - Effects of school-based dental health education on knowledge, attitudes and
      behavior of adolescents in San Francisco.
AB  - A field experiment was done to evaluate the short term effects of a series of
      classroom preventive dentistry presentations on dental health knowledge,
      attitudes and reported behavior of adolescents. Eight hundred fifty-four boys and
      girls, 12-14-yr-old students enrolled in San Francisco middle schools, were
      randomly divided into experimental and control groups. A written test composed of
      questions relating to factual dental health knowledge, home care practices, and
      attitudes to dental health was answered by the experimental group at the
      beginning and end of the educational intervention and at comparable time
      intervals by the controls. Results showed a significant increase in knowledge for
      the experimental group (P less than 0.001), as compared with the control group.
      Pre-existing attitudes were generally positive for most subjects. Although the
      educational intervention resulted in no significant differences between the two
      groups with regard to attitude, there was a significant positive change in
      attitude within the experimental group (P less than 0.01) from pre- to posttest.
      In addition, there was a significant increase in the frequency with which the
      girls in the experimental group reportedly used the toothbrush (P = 0.01) and
      dental floss (P = 0.01).

PMID- 3860335
TI  - Effects of dental health education for mothers with young children in London.
AB  - Dental health education for mothers with young children is thought to be capable
      of achieving a high standard of dental health for these children. This study
      considers the dental health of a sample of 5-yr-old children whose mothers were
      given dental health education at an early stage in their child's life. The dental
      health education was given to one group during home visits and to a second
      through leaflets sent by post. Comparisons were made with a third group of
      children whose mothers had been randomly selected to form a control group. Sixty
      nine percent of children whose mothers were given advice at home were caries
      free, compared to 58% of children in the control group. Scores for gingivitis
      were also significantly lower in the first group. No significant differences in
      disease levels were seen between children whose mothers had been sent leaflets
      through the post and those in the control group. In relation to the use of
      fluoride supplements, 25% of the children whose mothers had been given personal
      advice received fluoride supplements regularly throughout the period of the
      study. Children of these highly motivated mothers showed less caries (83% were
      caries free) and lower levels of gingivitis than children who had never received
      supplements.

PMID- 3860336
TI  - Dimensionality of dental anxiety measurements.
AB  - A survey among 620, 30-40-yr-olds, was carried out in order to measure dental
      anxiety with Corah's DAS, Weiner's AALC, and some other questions on anxiety,
      among which was the duration of psychophysiologic responses prior to a dental
      appointment. The data were analyzed with a Non Metric Components analysis. The
      DAS turned out to be unidimensional. The AALC on the other hand appeared to
      contain four components. A second stage analysis comprising the DAS component,
      the four AALC components, and the remaining variables revealed a two-dimensional
      structure, of which only the first component is dentistry related. This component
      showed better differentiation of the respondents than with DAS or AALC alone.
      Part of AALC's questions and a question about anxiety in daily life proved to be
      superfluous for measuring dental anxiety. It is concluded that dental anxiety and
      anxiety in general have to be measured with questions covering different aspects.

PMID- 3860337
TI  - Dental status and dental needs of an elderly population in Israel.
AB  - Dental status and dental needs of a geriatric population were evaluated among 304
      elderly people living in old age homes and in their own homes in Jerusalem,
      Israel. A total of 181 people (59.5%) were edentulous in both jaws and an
      additional 3% were edentulous in one jaw. Almost all dentures (95%) were
      considered to be unsatisfactory. In all, 1809 h were found to be necessary for
      treating cavities and prosthetic needs of this population and an additional 214 h
      for periodontal treatment which did not include surgery. In conclusion the dental
      status of this population was poor and dental needs were high. Since dental
      treatment is so expensive it is believed that this population would receive
      almost no treatment but for the future emphasis should be put into primary and
      secondary prevention from very young ages so that needs of this population as
      they get older would dramatically decrease as compared to the need of this study
      population.

PMID- 3860338
TI  - Longitudinal study of prevalence of enamel lesions in a fluoridated and non
      fluoridated area.
AB  - The aim of this study was to examine longitudinally the effect of water
      fluoridation on the prevalence of enamel lesions in children 7-18 yr of age. 93
      children in Tiel (1 ppm F-) and 103 children in Culemborg (0.1 ppm F-) were
      examined every other year at 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 yr of age. A supplementary
      examination was carried out when these children reached the age of 18. Children
      in Tiel had access to water fluoridation from birth. The total number of lesions,
      including enamel lesions, on the buccal as well as on the occlusal surfaces was
      approximately the same in both areas in children 15 and 18 yr of age. Approximal
      lesions were scored on standardized bitewing radiographs. A large proportion of
      enamel lesions could not be detected on radiographs. In a fluoridated area a high
      percentage of all lesions remain in the stage of enamel caries lesions. On buccal
      surfaces 93% and on approximal surfaces 86% of all lesions had not progressed
      into the dentin. In Culemborg these percentages were 65 for approximal as well as
      for buccal surfaces. At the initiation of lesions, at younger ages, only a small
      retardation of the process was observed, but caries progression beyond the stage
      of enamel caries was markedly reduced in the fluoridated area. No pre-eruptive
      effect could be observed if the total number of lesions, including enamel
      lesions, from Tiel and Culemborg were compared.

PMID- 3860339
TI  - Prevalence of developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in New Zealand
      children receiving differing fluoride supplementation.
AB  - A survey of the prevalence of dental caries and developmental enamel defects in
      666 New Zealand children aged 9 years and with differing histories of fluoride
      supplementation was carried out in 1982. In the LF (low fluoride) group 22.8% of
      children had diffuse white opacities compared with the WF (water fluoridation)
      group, 36.7%, and the CT (continuous use of fluoride tablets) group 49.4% (P =
      0.0018). When the tooth prevalence was determined, the differences were more
      marked with 4.9% of teeth affected in the LF group and 24.7% in the CT group.
      Dental caries prevalence in the fluoride history groups displayed an inverse
      relationship with fluoride supplementation, the LF group had a DMFT of 2.4, the
      WF group, 1.7 and the CT group, 1.2. The prevalence of both diffuse opacities and
      of dental caries in the PT group where tablets had been used to 5-6 yr of age was
      anomalous. The survey confirmed that diffuse opacities occur in children with a
      low fluoride intake but the prevalence increases in groups of children given
      fluoride supplements.

PMID- 3860340
TI  - Caries and total extraction in a medium-sized city in the Netherlands.
AB  - In 1982 a combined sociodental research project was started in the city of
      Groningen in order to gain insight into the dental and social reasons for total
      extraction. 91% of the dentists in the city participated in this study by
      collecting the extracted teeth, filling out a questionnaire and asking their
      patients to fill out another questionnaire concerning the behavioral aspects of
      total tooth loss. 78% of the 134 patients returned the questionnaire. In this
      article the caries status in relation to the social background and dental
      attendance pattern has been described. The mean age at the time of extraction was
      44.2 yr. The patients were a good cross-section of the Dutch population as
      regards education level, type of health insurance and sex. The average number of
      teeth was 14.2. The average DEMFT value was 22.8. Although regular attenders had
      less D-teeth than irregular attenders they had an average of 3.5 teeth with
      active caries. Regular attenders had more F-teeth but less sound teeth than
      irregular attenders. The contribution of the dental health care system to the
      dental health of the population is discussed.

PMID- 3860341
TI  - Dental caries and dental treatment in the primary dentition in an industrialized
      South African community.
AB  - This paper reports an examination of dental caries in the primary dentition of 2
      5-yr-old white children in an industrialized South African city, in 1981 and
      1983. There was a decrease in dental caries prevalence over the 2-yr period
      accompanied by an increase in dental treatment in 3-5-yr-olds. Treatment,
      however, remains low. Socioeconomic status had a varying effect on the trends,
      but in general there was a greater reduction in dental caries in the lower
      socioeconomic areas.

PMID- 3860342
TI  - Dental caries in preschoolchildren in Gizan, Saudi Arabia.
AB  - 296 preschoolchildren attending the pediatric clinic at Gizan Hospital were
      examined over a period of 3 months. Caries was recorded using the criteria
      described by WHO. One third of the children had untreated caries and none of the
      children had received any restorative dental care. A strategy for development of
      preventive dental services for this age group is discussed.

PMID- 3860343
TI  - Traumatic dental injuries in schoolchildren from Santo Domingo.
AB  - The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze, by age and sex, 1) the
      prevalence of traumatic injuries to permanent incisors and canines, and 2) their
      distribution according to type in schoolchildren from the city of Santo Domingo,
      in the Southern part of the Dominican Republic, which is located in the Caribbean
      Archipelago. The sample consisted of 1200 children aged 6-17 yr enrolled in eight
      public and private schools. Garcia-Godoy's classification for traumatic injuries
      was used. The prevalence of injuries was 12.2% (13.1% in boys and 11.2% in
      girls). The largest number of injuries was presented by the 14-yr-old children
      (17.4%) followed by the 13- and 12-yr-olds (15.7% and 11.7%, respectively). More
      boys injured their teeth than girls (not significantly) with a boy-to-girl ratio
      of 1.1:1. The most common type of injury in both sexes was enamel-dentin
      fracture, followed by enamel fracture.

PMID- 3860344
TI  - Relations between TMJ pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) and some psychologic and
      biographic variables.
AB  - A total of 211 persons with a complete natural dentition were examined for signs
      and symptoms of the TMJ pain dysfunction syndrome. They also answered the
      questions of the Dutch version of the Hopkins Symptoms Check List (HSCL).
      Schooling, age and sex were also registered. Signs and symptoms of the TMJ pain
      dysfunction syndrome proved to be highly correlated to the psychologic and
      somatic scales of the HSCL with one exception: maximal mouth opening. The total
      palpation score proved to be a reliable, sensitive, easy and fast predictor for
      the severity of the TMJ pain dysfunction syndrome.

PMID- 3860345
TI  - Commissural lip pits in Israeli Jews of different ethnic origin.
AB  - The prevalence of commissural lip pits in a group of 2462 Israeli Jews was
      determined, and a relation of commissural lip pits to ethnic background was
      noted. Results showed the presence of commissural lip pits in 17.4% of the entire
      sample; 9.7% were unilateral and 7.7% were bilaterally located. The Ashkenazi
      group showed a significant higher prevalence of commissural lip pits (19.4%) when
      compared to the prevalence in the Sephardic group (14.1%) and the Eastern group
      (21.1%).

PMID- 3860346
TI  - Subtyping eating disorders.

PMID- 3860347
TI  - Prostaglandin F2 alpha-induced estrus in open cows and presumed abortion in
      pregnant cows with unobserved estrus in a herd monitored by milk progesterone
      assay.
AB  - Data were obtained in a large Florida herd of about 1800 Holstein cows. All cows
      were inseminated by the herdsman who did the pregnancy checks and who also
      administered drugs. The herdsman injected 103 cows with prostaglandin F2 alpha
      during the time this herd was under continuous observation by the authors who
      were conducting an unrelated research project. These cows consisted of 86 open
      (never bred) cows which had no estrus observed during the first 70 days
      postpartum, or no second estrus observed within 30 days after a previous estrus,
      and 17 cows previously inseminated. Two-thirds (57) of the 86 open cows were in
      estrus within 4 days. The 17 previously inseminated cows appeared to be pregnant,
      based upon progesterone profiles, when these were inadvertently given
      prostaglandin F2 alpha by the herdsman. Progesterone declined in all cows and
      they were in estrus in 7 +/- 4 days (mean +/- standard error). This result of
      presumed abortion reflects the luteolytic effectiveness of the drug and the
      importance of instructing any laymen users to follow necessary precautions to
      avoid undesirable effects.

PMID- 3860348
TI  - Computed tomography of parosteal osteosarcoma of the rib.
AB  - The computed tomography findings in a case of radically resected parosteal
      osteosarcoma of the rib are reported. Computed tomography disclosed a huge
      ossifying mass with lobulated structure, ossifying rim, linear lucent zone
      between tumor and cortex, destruction of the affected rib cortex, and
      intramedullary involvement. These findings are specific to advanced parosteal
      osteosarcoma.

PMID- 3860349
TI  - [Further experiences with the infrahyoid myocutaneous flap in reconstruction
      after radical surgery of cheek and palate cancer].

PMID- 3860350
TI  - [Etiology of the TMJ syndrome].

PMID- 3860351
TI  - [Median palatine suture fracture: a type of maxillary fracture with report of 15
      cases].

PMID- 3860352
TI  - [Relation between tetracyclines and tooth discoloration and dental caries].

PMID- 3860353
TI  - [Polygenic inheritance of cleft lip and cleft palate].

PMID- 3860354
TI  - [Oral protozoiasis].

PMID- 3860355
TI  - [Clinical analysis of 261 cases of oral leukoplakia].

PMID- 3860356
TI  - [Clinicopathological study of verrucous carcinoma of oral mucosa].

PMID- 3860357
TI  - [Preliminary study of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in
      the lymphocytes of patients with leukoplakia and oral carcinoma].

PMID- 3860358
TI  - [Influence of palatoplasty on the maxillary development of cleft palate
      patients].

PMID- 3860359
TI  - [Relation between the balance of protrusive occlusion and protrusive inclination
      of the condylar guidance (path) of the complete denture].

PMID- 3860360
TI  - [Clinical analysis of bruxism].

PMID- 3860361
TI  - [A study of lateral root canals in the first and second molar].

PMID- 3860362
TI  - [Microvascular casts of the mucous membrane of the tongue in the mature fetus by
      scanning electron microscopy].

PMID- 3860363
TI  - [Effect of intra-articular injection of prednisolone in treating organic
      destruction in the TMJ syndrome].

PMID- 3860364
TI  - [Treatment of TMJ syndrome by detaching the lateral pterygoid muscle from the
      lateral pterygoid plate].

PMID- 3860365
TI  - [Small doses of Ara-C in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia].

PMID- 3860366
TI  - Redesigning enzymes by site-directed mutagenesis.
AB  - The systematic alteration of protein structure has now become possible with
      genetic engineering. Recent developments in techniques for the chemical synthesis
      of DNA fragments and in recombinant DNA technology have enabled the facile
      modification of proteins by highly specific mutagenesis of their genes. Enzymes
      with novel properties may be produced in large quantities from the mutant genes.
      Kinetic analysis of the mutant enzymes can be combined with high-resolution
      structural data from protein X-ray crystallography to provide direct measurements
      on the relationships between structure and function. In particular, the strength
      and nature of enzyme-substrate interactions and their roles in catalysis and
      specificity may be studied. The tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus
      stearothermophilus is being systematically analysed by site-directed mutagenesis.
      A fine-structure analysis is revealing the subtle roles of hydrogen bonding in
      catalysis and specificity. Modification of the residues that hydrogen-bond with
      ATP and tyrosine shows how the energetics must be analysed in terms of an
      exchange reaction with solvent water. Based on this idea, and structural data, an
      enzyme of vastly improved enzyme-substrate affinity has been engineered. There
      thus appear to be real prospects of engineering proteins of new specificities,
      activities and structural properties. Direct information is also being gathered
      on the nature of enzyme catalysis. For example, the catalysis of formation of Tyr
      AMP from Tyr and ATP does not appear to use the classical mechanisms of acid-base
      or covalent catalysis. Instead, there just appears to be a binding site that
      stabilizes the high-energy pentacoordinate intermediate in the reaction.

PMID- 3860367
TI  - The design of new enzyme active sites for the catalysis of specific chemical
      reactions.
AB  - Using appropriately designed coenzyme analogues, new active sites can be
      introduced into naturally occurring enzymes by the chemical modification of
      specific residues. Catalytic activities very different from those of the
      corresponding native enzymes can be observed in the resulting semisynthetic
      enzymes. Covalent modification of the SH group of the active site residue Cys-25
      of papain with flavins like 8-bromoacetyl-10-methylisoalloxazine converts the
      enzyme into a highly effective oxidoreductase. Thus, the catalytic versatility of
      existing enzymes can be enhanced through 'chemical mutation' of the active site.

PMID- 3860368
TI  - [Measurement of PGF 2 alpha in the cerebral cortex of rats in experimental
      cerebral ischemia].

PMID- 3860369
TI  - Detection of minimal disease in acute leukemia using flow cytometry: studies in a
      rat model for human acute leukemia.
AB  - The study was made using a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML),
      which shows striking similarities with human acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). A
      monoclonal antibody (MCA-Rm124), raised against BNML cells, allowed the
      recognition of the leukemic cell fraction. The discriminative capacity of the
      monoclonal antibody is based on differences in labeling intensities between
      normal and leukemic cells. After i.v. cellular transfer of leukemia, the growth
      of the leukemic cell population in the bone marrow, the liver, and the spleen was
      monitored using MCA-Rm124 and flow cytometry. For the bone marrow and the liver,
      a clonogenic assay for leukemic cells was used to quantify the cell content in
      these organs. A good correlation was found between the bioassay-derived data and
      the flow-cytometry-derived data. The doubling times of the leukemic cell
      population were not equal for the two organs studied, indicating that a number of
      different processes contribute to the net cell production per organ. Apart from
      their application in the detection of residual leukemia, monoclonal antibodies
      might be employed in the analysis of the growth kinetics of the "invisible"
      leukemic cell population.

PMID- 3860370
TI  - [Selective cytotoxic effect of immunotoxin on erythroid tumor cells of mice].

PMID- 3860371
TI  - [Constantly elevated serum CA 19.9 in a healthy female patient].

PMID- 3860372
TI  - [Retinoids today].

PMID- 3860373
TI  - Relationship of recruitment strategies to applicant pool size in baccalaureate
      dental hygiene program.

PMID- 3860374
TI  - Dental anatomy: a comparison of two teaching methods.

PMID- 3860375
TI  - Interdisciplinary education in dental hygiene: a pilot project.

PMID- 3860376
TI  - [Polarographic characteristics of DNA preparations isolated from the tissues of
      rats with Shvets' erythromyelosis].
AB  - The polarographic method is used to show that the DNA preparations from the
      liver, spleen and tumour of leukemic rats in contrast to these preparations from
      the liver and spleen of the control ones possess a sharply marked electrochemical
      activity manifested by two peaks (peak I and peak II) in the region of the
      negative potential values. Peak I located in the region from--1.05 V to--1.30 V
      is determined by the activity of adenine and cytosine amine groups whereas peak
      II (from--1.45 V to--1.60 V) is caused by a protein component.

PMID- 3860377
TI  - Endodontic treatment decisions: a study of the clinical decision-making process.

PMID- 3860378
TI  - Effect of electric current and silver electrodes on oral bacteria.

PMID- 3860379
TI  - Transient hemiparesis following mandibular nerve anesthesia.

PMID- 3860380
TI  - Successful self-replantation of avulsed tooth with 42-year follow-up.

PMID- 3860381
TI  - Dietary control of chronic maxillofacial pain.

PMID- 3860382
TI  - The role of the necrotic periodontal membrane in cementum resorption and
      ankylosis.

PMID- 3860384
TI  - Tri-national meeting on electron microscopy 1985. Konstanz, 15-21 September 1985.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 3860383
TI  - The use of synthetic oligonucleotides with universal templates for rapid DNA
      sequencing: results with staphylococcal replicon pC221.
AB  - A rapid sequencing strategy has been devised and applied to determine the
      complete nucleotide sequence (4555 bp) of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pC221.
      The entire replicon was cloned into phage M13mp8 in both orientations to provide
      'universal templates' for primed DNA synthesis from internally-sited
      oligonucleotide primers. The latter were synthesized by a modification of a
      recently described paper disc method which employs phosphotriester chemistry.
      Less than 4 weeks was required for the synthesis of the required primers and for
      the sequencing experiments. Plasmid pC221 bears a substrate-inducible
      chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene that shares much homology with its
      counterparts in pC194 (S. aureus) and the chromosomal cat-86 gene of Bacillus
      pumilus, both in coding regions and upstream sequences believed to be involved in
      the induction phenomenon. A second plasmid-specified protein, REP D, has an 81%
      identity in the REP C polypeptide that has been shown to be essential for the
      replication of staphylococcal plasmid pT181. The 5' flanking region of rep D
      shows striking similarities with its counterpart in rep C that determines copy
      number and incompatibility. The nucleotide sequence reveals two additional and
      overlapping open reading frames that may specify proteins that play roles in
      plasmid relaxation and transfer.

PMID- 3860386
TI  - A new method for computer aided serial radiograph superimpositioning.

PMID- 3860385
TI  - Gastric mucosal protection by spizofurone.
AB  - The protective effect of spizofurone (AG-629) on the rat gastric mucosa was
      studied in the presence of various stimuli. Spizofurone given orally markedly
      inhibited gastric lesions induced by ethanol (ED50 = 6.5 mg/kg). Spizofurone
      inhibited ethanol-induced gastric lesions even when administered
      intraperitoneally (i.p.), but the onset of action after oral administration was
      shorter. Spizofurone given orally or i.p. in a dose range of 25-200 mg/kg
      inhibited indomethacin-induced gastric antral ulcers in re-fed rats. Furthermore,
      spizofurone potentiated the inhibitory effect of prostaglandin E2 on indomethacin
      induced gastric antral ulcers. Spizofurone given i.p. prevented a decrease in
      potential difference and the formation of gastric lesions induced by intragastric
      instillation of 30 mM aspirin in 0.1 N HCl. Spizofurone given i.p. inhibited the
      increase in net fluxes of H+ and Na+ caused by intragastric instillation of 15%
      ethanol in 0.1 N HCl. These findings indicate that spizofurone, like
      prostaglandin E2, exerts gastric mucosal protection and even potentiates the anti
      ulcer effect of prostaglandin E2. The gastric mucosal protection by spizofurone
      is ascribed in part to preservation of the mucosal barrier.

PMID- 3860387
TI  - Long term results of orthodontic treatment. A clinical view 1.

PMID- 3860388
TI  - The long term effects of one lower incisor extraction.

PMID- 3860389
TI  - Maxillonasal dysostosis (Binder syndrome); a review of the literature and case
      reports.

PMID- 3860391
TI  - Morphology of the first cervical vertebra in children with enlarged adenoids.

PMID- 3860390
TI  - Craniofacial morphology and head posture in children with asthma and perennial
      rhinitis.

PMID- 3860392
TI  - Importance of phospholipids in the bronchi.

PMID- 3860393
TI  - Synthesis of surfactant lipids in the adult and fetal lung: pathways and
      regulatory aspects.

PMID- 3860394
TI  - Structural and functional aspects of protein: phospholipid interactions in
      surfactant.
AB  - Lung surfactant lipids require the presence of a specific protein and calcium
      ions in order to form surface films rapidly at air-water interfaces. Film
      formation is a necessary first step in maintenance of low surface tensions in the
      lung. We have studied some of the factors involved with the lipid-protein
      interactions in reassembled complexes as well as in isolated lung surfactant. For
      both of these systems, removal of apoprotein or calcium ions results in impaired
      surface spreading. Increasing the amounts of this apoprotein relative to
      phospholipid results in increased lipid-protein association, increased vesicle
      aggregation, and increased monolayer film formation at the air-water interface in
      the surface balance.

PMID- 3860395
TI  - Endobronchial surface active phospholipids in various pulmonary diseases.
AB  - In the present study we investigated the phospholipid composition of small-volume
      (up to 20 ml) in vivo bronchoalveolar lavage and that of quantitative ex vivo
      bronchoalveolar lavage. Furthermore, the accuracy of the small-volume lavage in
      predicting lung disease was evaluated. There was a positive linear correlation (r
      approximately equal to 0.87-0.91) between the amount of saturated
      phosphatidylcholine and the saturated phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin ratio in
      quantitative bronchoalveolar lavage. The phospholipid distributions in the small
      volume lavage and the quantitative lavage were similar (r approximately equal to
      0.78-0.94, n = 14). The overall accuracy of phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin
      ratio and phosphatidylglycerol/total phospholipid ratio in predicting the
      presence or absence of respiratory failure was 85-87% in newborns, children, and
      adults. In respiratory diseases without respiratory failure, the abnormalities in
      the phospholipids were frequent, although less distinct. According to animal
      experiments the surfactant system is inhibited at the onset of high permeability
      lung edema. Soon thereafter, the lavageable surfactant pool is decreased. Present
      findings support the view that surfactant defects are of importance in the
      pathogenesis of respiratory disease, and that surfactant-oriented therapy may be
      effective in the treatment and prevention of respiratory failure.

PMID- 3860396
TI  - Possible function of bronchial surfactant.
AB  - In addition to stabilizing peripheral airways bronchial surfactant is essential
      for bronchoalveolar transport mechanisms including non-ciliary and ciliary mucus
      transport. Furthermore, it could play a role in the masking of smooth muscle
      receptors with respect to contractile stimuli. A model has recently been devised
      in which predominant impairment of the bronchial surfactant is induced by a
      combination of positive or negative pressure ventilation with tracheal saline
      instillation (approximately 3 ml/kg). It is shown that tracheal instillation or
      inhalation of surfactant could be a promising approach for the treatment of
      damage to the bronchial surfactant system. In vitro investigations of the
      transport properties of various phospholipid mixtures and of detergents revealed
      that the transport function of surface active materials is independent of both
      the hysteresis characteristics and the surface tension changes during compression
      and expansion in the Langmuir trough.

PMID- 3860397
TI  - Pharmacological stimulation of surfactant secretion and surfactant replacement.

PMID- 3860398
TI  - Morphology of the bronchial lining layer and its alteration in IRDS, ARDS and
      COLD.
AB  - Both light and electronmicroscopic examinations of the collocation of surfactant
      secreted by the alveoli into the bronchi were performed on material obtained from
      biopsies and autopsies. In the sol phase and especially along the border between
      the sol and gel phases of the bronchial mucus layers regularly arranged,
      partially stretched and partially reticulated osmiophilic membranes could be
      demonstrated. Their detailed structure corresponds with the structure of the
      phospholipid membranes of the surfactant in the alveoli. The functional
      significance of this surfactant portion for bronchial clearance is discussed in
      relation to the changes in structure of these membranous bodies, and their
      collocation in the mucus layers in chronic bronchitis, ARDS and IRDS.

PMID- 3860399
TI  - Influence of surfactant on mucociliary transport.
AB  - The effect of surfactant on mucociliary transport has been studied in vitro on
      frog palate preparations. Surfactant obtained from pig lung was sprayed on frog
      palate and its effect on mucociliary transport, restored by the application of
      mucus, was compared with that of sprayed saline. Whereas saline induced a
      constant decrease in restored transport rate (mean +/- SEM = -37 +/- 3%, p less
      than 0.01), surfactant caused an increase in 5 of 6 experiments (+16 +/- 3%, p =
      NS). The difference between the 2 treatments was highly significant (p less than
      0.001). Ambroxol has previously been shown to change the airway secretions of
      patients affected by chronic bronchitis; these secretions significantly improved
      mucociliary transport when applied to the frog palate. One may then speculate
      that the mucoactive effect of ambroxol in patients could be partly mediated by an
      antiadhesive effect of surfactant, production of which is increased by ambroxol,
      on cilia-mucus coupling on the surface of bronchial mucosa.

PMID- 3860400
TI  - Endobronchial surface active phospholipids: clinical conclusions.

PMID- 3860401
TI  - Removable Herbst appliance utilization in adult disk displacement.

PMID- 3860402
TI  - Correction of a Class II, division 1 bimaxillary dento-alveolar protrusion
      without extraction.

PMID- 3860403
TI  - Adverse effects of human leukocyte antigen-DR sharing on fertility: a cohort
      study in a human isolate.
AB  - To elucidate further the reproductive effects of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
      sharing among spouses, we have been investigating prospectively the relationship
      between HLA-A, -B, and -DR sharing and reproductive outcome in the Hutterites, a
      religious isolate that proscribes contraception. For the first time the
      reproductive effects of HLA-DR sharing in a fertile population is reported in
      this article. Median intervals from marriage to first through fifth births were
      longer among couples who shared more than one HLA-A, -B, or -DR antigen. Longer
      intervals were associated with increased spontaneous abortion rates among couples
      who shared HLA-DR antigens (27%), compared with couples who shared only HLA-A or 
      B antigens (9%) and couples who shared no antigens (12%). Median completed family
      sizes were 5.0, 8.5, and 8.0 among the groups, respectively. However, some
      couples who shared HLA-DR antigens experienced no spontaneous abortions, despite
      ten or more pregnancies. Therefore, although HLA-DR compatibility, per se, is not
      deleterious, our data suggest a potentially important role for undefined HLA
      linked genes in normal pregnancy.

PMID- 3860404
TI  - [10-year activities in training dentists at the Dental Clinic of the Medical
      School of the University of Pecs].

PMID- 3860405
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopic examination of the sheath of Neumann].

PMID- 3860406
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the surface of the margin between a composite resin and
      dentin].

PMID- 3860407
TI  - [Correction of micrognathism by graduated mandibular osteotomy and hip-bone
      graft].

PMID- 3860408
TI  - [Immunoglobulin levels in chronic periapical changes].

PMID- 3860409
TI  - [Dental implications in the prevention of infectious endocarditis].

PMID- 3860410
TI  - [Bleaching of discolored teeth].

PMID- 3860411
TI  - [Effect of selenium on the microhardness of incisors in rats kept on normal and
      protein-deficient diets].

PMID- 3860413
TI  - [Management of a case of traumatic tooth avulsion].

PMID- 3860412
TI  - [Anatomo-clinical considerations of 2 cases of pure myxoma of the jaws].

PMID- 3860414
TI  - [Carpal tunnel syndrome: a professional risk for dentists].

PMID- 3860415
TI  - [Complex amalgam reconstructions. I].

PMID- 3860416
TI  - [Intraoral radiography with xeroradiographic technics: the 110 system].

PMID- 3860417
TI  - [Sedation-analgesia with nitrous oxide in dentistry. II: Medico-legal aspects,
      safety, equipment].

PMID- 3860418
TI  - [Classification of periodontal diseases].

PMID- 3860419
TI  - [Methods of medical analysis in periodontal therapy].

PMID- 3860420
TI  - [Identification of P10, a composite resin for posterior restorations].

PMID- 3860421
TI  - [Pathology of the salivary glands. II. Inflammatory disease].

PMID- 3860422
TI  - Choosing the bank that will build your business.

PMID- 3860423
TI  - Put your lab on page one: start your own newsletter.

PMID- 3860424
TI  - Confessions of a reformed price-cutter: the costs are higher than you think.

PMID- 3860425
TI  - Bruxism splints: a laboratory viewpoint.

PMID- 3860426
TI  - Job termination. When and how to fire an employee.

PMID- 3860428
TI  - Buying a practice from an estate.

PMID- 3860427
TI  - All about profits: what they really are and how to get them.

PMID- 3860429
TI  - It was arson!

PMID- 3860430
TI  - Tactful techniques to help patients overcome fear.

PMID- 3860431
TI  - The high cost of addiction.

PMID- 3860432
TI  - Dentists: who are they?

PMID- 3860433
TI  - Creating a positive, professional image: the importance of first impressions.

PMID- 3860434
TI  - 1984 survey shows advertising dentists making income gains.

PMID- 3860435
TI  - Whatever happened to...?

PMID- 3860436
TI  - The legal implications of dental office cleanliness.

PMID- 3860437
TI  - Direct reimbursement.

PMID- 3860439
TI  - Developing effective Yellow Pages ads.

PMID- 3860440
TI  - Public relations with a plan.

PMID- 3860438
TI  - Presenting cosmetic dentistry to your community.

PMID- 3860441
TI  - The demise of Emory University's School of Dentistry.

PMID- 3860442
TI  - Helping hands for the hygienist.

PMID- 3860444
TI  - Life, death and buy-sell agreements.

PMID- 3860443
TI  - Senior citizens. Serving the elderly can bring many rewards.

PMID- 3860445
TI  - Contract staff leasing: is it for you?

PMID- 3860446
TI  - Another approach to the irate caller.

PMID- 3860447
TI  - Make your compensation plan work for you.

PMID- 3860448
TI  - Contract of employment.

PMID- 3860449
TI  - Running a dental laboratory. Part seven: employers and the law (2).

PMID- 3860450
TI  - Neutrophil differentiation antigens.

PMID- 3860452
TI  - [Resistance to mercury embrittlement of some alloys for amalgam].

PMID- 3860451
TI  - The relationship between growth and androstenedione metabolism in four cell lines
      of human breast carcinoma cells in culture.
AB  - The conversion of androstenedione (A) to estrogens, testosterone (T) and 5 alpha
      reduced metabolites was studied in different phases of cell growth in 4 lines of
      cultured human breast carcinoma cells. Aromatase activity was 10-fold greater in
      MD and DM than in MCF7 cells and was undetectable in ZR75 cells. Estrogen
      formation in MD and DM lines increased during the phase of exponential growth and
      decreased to 20% of maximum during confluence. 5 alpha-Reductase activity was
      determined by the formation of 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione (5 alpha-A-dione)
      and androsterone (AND), and was 5-fold greater in ZR75 cells than MD cells and 2
      fold greater than in MCF7 cells. This activity was relatively constant during
      exponential growth and decreased during confluence. T accumulation was inversely
      related to 5 alpha-reductase activity. The MCF7 and ZR75 cells which contain
      estrogen receptors had the highest levels of 5 alpha-reductase activity while the
      MD line which lacks estrogen receptors had the lowest 5 alpha-reductase activity.
      The assessment of aromatase and 5 alpha-reductase activity in addition to
      estrogen and progesterone receptors may be helpful in predicting hormone
      sensitivity in human breast tumours.

PMID- 3860454
TI  - Human enamel-dental amalgam pin on disc wear.

PMID- 3860453
TI  - Measurement of change in surface contour by computer graphics.

PMID- 3860455
TI  - [Comparative study of pinocytosis and the production of prostaglandin E2 by
      hepatic and peritoneal resident macrophages in mice].
AB  - Pinocytosis and prostaglandin E2 production are two major functions of the
      mononuclear phagocyte system. The goal of this study was to compare the
      pinocytosis of horseradish peroxidase and the prostaglandin E2 production between
      the hepatic and peritoneal resident macrophages in the mouse. Hepatic resident
      macrophages were isolated by collagenase digestion, differential centrifugation
      and adherence. Peritoneal resident macrophages were isolated by peritoneal cavity
      washing followed by adherence. Horseradish peroxidase was endocytosed by hepatic
      macrophages at a significantly higher rate (118 +/- 12 ng/10(6) cells/60 min)
      than by peritoneal macrophages (21 +/- 4 ng/10(6) cells/60 min). Prostaglandin E2
      production was measured in the culture medium of unstimulated and lymphokine
      stimulated hepatic and peritoneal resident macrophages. Prostaglandin E2
      concentration in the culture medium of unstimulated peritoneal macrophages was
      36.6 +/- 26.8 ng/ml after a 24 h incubation. It was increased by 83 p. 100 in
      presence of a lymphokine-enriched secondary mixed lymphocyte culture supernatant.
      In contrast, hepatic macrophages did not produce any significant amount of
      prostaglandin E2, even if they were incubated in presence of lymphokines. This
      study shows that hepatic resident macrophages have a higher pinocytic capacity
      than peritoneal resident macrophages, suggesting that the role of the liver in
      the clearance of gut-derived antigens is not only due to its portal irrigation
      but also to the presence of macrophages highly differentiated in their
      endocytotic properties. The lack of prostaglandin E2 production in hepatic
      macrophages, in basal conditions as well as after lymphokine-stimulation,
      suggests that these cells play a minor role in the regulation of the immune
      response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3860456
TI  - [Linkage relationship among loci determining genetic variants of serum and milk
      proteins in cattle].
AB  - Special methods allowing usage of inadequate pedigrees were employed to examine
      linkage among the milk protein loci alpha s1-casein, beta-casein, chi-casein and
      beta-lactoglobulin, and the loci for serum amylase, ceruloplasmin and
      transferrin. Linkage was evident between the alpha s1-casein and beta-casein
      loci, the alpha s1 and chi-casein loci, the beta-casein and chi-casein loci, also
      amylase and transferrin loci. Recombination fractions for these corresponding
      combinations were 0.00; 0.00; 0.00 and 0.30. Weak linkage (recombination fraction
      being 0.46; 0.44 and 0.42) between the beta-lactoglobulin and beta-casein loci,
      the amylase and ceruloplasmin loci, ceruloplasmin and transferrin loci is
      supposed.

PMID- 3860457
TI  - [Population genetics of taiga hunters-deer breeders. Characteristics of the
      prevalence of HLA system markers among the native population of Central Siberia].
AB  - The postulated peculiarities of distribution of the HLA antigens in the Evenk
      population of the Central Siberia indicate this population to be, on the whole,
      Mongoloid. Prolonged isolated existence of small inbred populations of the Evenks
      resulted in the number of specific HLA-complex features, such as poor antigen
      diversity, low level of heterozygosity. Non-homogeneity of gene frequencies was
      noted, the prevailing genes being A9, B40 with frequencies reaching 50%. Of the
      remaining alleles found in the Evenks A2, Aw19 in A locus, B5, B15, B17, B27,
      Bw35 in B locus and Cw2, Cw3, Cw4-in C locus are only widely spread. Similar
      heterozygosis levels and the HLA-system profiles draw the Evenks and the
      populations of American Indians and Eskimos closer to one another. On the basis
      of the fact that significant positive correlation exists between genetic and
      geographic distances determined for the Evenks and the native populations of
      America, genetic resemblance of these populations may be considered as evidence
      for their original relationship. Postulated closeness of native Central-Siberian
      populations to Americanoids, as regards HLA-system, makes it possible to consider
      formation of specific complex of HLA-system peculiarities in native American
      population in the light of their Siberian origin, for the first time.

PMID- 3860458
TI  - Prostaglandins are not mediators of the intestinal response to cholera toxin.
AB  - We have determined the release of prostaglandin E2 into the lumen of closed ileal
      loops in the rat and have measured the capacity of the mucosa to synthesise and
      degrade prostaglandin E2 both in control animals and after exposure to cholera
      toxin or bisacodyl. Exposure to cholera toxin caused no change in any of these
      measurements whereas bisacodyl caused an increase in the luminal PGE2 content. We
      conclude that the secretion stimulated by cholera toxin is not mediated by
      locally produced prostaglandins.

PMID- 3860459
TI  - [Elucidative analysis of anthropological methods as an instrument for determining
      the typological by normal external anatomy of the European or Caucasian facial
      system. IV. and V].

PMID- 3860460
TI  - [Orofacial dyskinesias from the psychosomatic viewpoint].

PMID- 3860461
TI  - [Orofacial dyskinesias as an expression of a disturbed relationship of breathing,
      digestion and movement].

PMID- 3860462
TI  - [X-ray study of differences in the position of the mandible in twins].

PMID- 3860463
TI  - [Mandibular growth in cases of early temporomandibular joint injuries].

PMID- 3860465
TI  - [Total length and axial angle of the mandible--an analysis of lateral x-ray
      pictures].

PMID- 3860464
TI  - [Appliance therapy of orofacial dyskinesias in cerebral palsy patients].

PMID- 3860466
TI  - Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: clinical features, cytogenetics, and prognosis
      in 30 consecutive cases.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 30 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
      (CrMML) was performed to define the natural history of the disease and the risk
      of acute transformation. Our patients fulfilled the following criteria of
      diagnosis: blood monocytosis over 1 X 10(9)/l, blast cell percentage in bone
      marrow up to 30, and in peripheral blood less than 5. The most common presenting
      feature was anemia; seven patients had fever; three patients complained of
      purpura and bleeding. Anysopoikilocytosis and macrocytosis were frequent.
      Abnormal granulocyte morphology, defective granulation and abnormal leukocyte
      alkaline phosphatase were often observed. Blast cells in peripheral blood smears
      were found in 14 patients. Serum and urine lysozyme levels were increased in 82
      per cent and 93 per cent, respectively. Dysplastic changes involving erythroid,
      granulocytic and megakaryocytic lineages were constant features in all cases.
      Agranulated blasts above 5 per cent of marrow nucleated cells were seen in 13
      patients (43 per cent). Seven of the 20 patients showed non-specific chromosomal
      abnormalities at diagnosis. Median survival from diagnosis was 18 months (range,
      3-112). Evolution into acute myeloid leukemia occurred in 11 patients. No
      difference in survival was found between patients who developed acute leukemia
      and patients who did not. A shorter survival has correlated to the following
      parameters: leukocytes greater than 10 X 10(9)/l, the presence of blasts in
      peripheral blood and agranulated blasts in the marrow above 5 per cent.

PMID- 3860467
TI  - The expanding medical staff: nonphysician practitioners.

PMID- 3860468
TI  - JCAH decisions to ease switch to new psych standards.

PMID- 3860469
TI  - Bone marrow findings in systemic mastocytosis.
AB  - The neoplastic proliferation of tissue mast cells constitutes a group of rare
      diseases that have localized and systemic variants. The cytologic (n = 7) and
      histologic (n = 38) findings in bone marrow from a total of 45 patients with
      systemic mastocytosis were evaluated. Three distinct histologic patterns of
      marrow involvement were distinguished. In 21 cases a patchy or focal infiltration
      pattern was encountered. Mast cell aggregates were located predominantly in
      peritrabecular and perivascular areas. The adjacent trabeculae were thickened. A
      dense network of reticulin fibers and foci of lymphocytes accompanied the mast
      cell infiltrates. Increased numbers of eosinophils frequently demarcated the mast
      cell infiltrates from the surrounding tissue. In the noninfiltrated marrow areas
      hematopoiesis and the distribution of fat cells appeared to be normal. This
      histologic pattern, designated type 1, was observed exclusively in patients
      showing primary involvement of the skin, indistinguishable from urticaria
      pigmentosa. In 14 additional cases peritrabecular and perivascular sheets of mast
      cells, with concomitant fibrosis and osteosclerosis, were also present. Unlike
      the findings in type 1, however, the noninfiltrated marrow areas showed marked
      reductions in fat cell content and markedly increased granulocytopoiesis or
      increased numbers of blast cells (infiltration pattern type 2). On the basis of
      the hematologic and clinical findings, chronic myeloid leukemia was diagnosed in
      six of these cases, myelomonocytic leukemia in three cases, and acute myeloid
      leukemia in two cases. The bone marrow of three patients was diffusely
      infiltrated by atypical mast cells, leading to marked hypoplasia of fat cells and
      blood cell precursors. These histologic features were identified as infiltration
      pattern type 3. The diagnosis of mast cell leukemia was confirmed in all three
      cases by the presence of numerous mast cells in the blood. The prognosis for
      patients with the type 1 marrow infiltration pattern and primary skin involvement
      was favorable (actuarial survival rate five years after diagnosis, 0.75). This
      variant was called benign systemic mastocytosis. Primary skin involvement did not
      occur in the patients with type 2 or 3 infiltration patterns. The prognosis for
      these patients was poor (actuarial survival five years after diagnosis, 0.17 for
      type 2 and 0.00 for type 3). These two forms were accordingly designated
      malignant systemic mastocytosis.

PMID- 3860470
TI  - Genetic complementation of steroid sulphatase after somatic cell hybridization of
      X-linked ichthyosis and multiple sulphatase deficiency.
AB  - Complementation studies of steroid sulphatase were carried out in the
      heterokaryon population of fibroblasts derived from patients with X-linked
      ichthyosis and multiple sulphatase deficiency. The activity of steroid sulphatase
      of the fused cell population was constantly higher (approximately 2-5 fold) than
      that of the unfused cocultivated cells. The occurrence of complementation further
      supports the hypothesis that at least two different loci control the expression
      of steroid sulphatase in the human genome.

PMID- 3860471
TI  - Multipoint linkage analysis of the short arm of the human X chromosome in
      families with X-linked muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Sixteen three generation families from the West of Scotland with Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy (DMD) or Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) have been studied
      using the Xg blood group and seven cloned DNA sequences which recognise DNA
      polymorphisms on the short arm of the X chromosome (Xp). Linkage has been
      established between DMD and probe 754 with a maximum lod score (Z) of 4.47 at a
      recombination fraction (theta) of 0.04. DMD has also been linked to probe 99-6 (Z
      = 3.75, theta = 0.03). Combining the data in this study with that of previously
      published work has established linkage between DMD and L1.28 (Z = 4.42, theta =
      0.17) and altered the linkage estimate between BMD and L1.28 (Z = 3.50, theta =
      0.22). An approximate order for the loci has been deduced by the study of
      recombinant chromosomes in phase known families informative for three or more
      loci. The proposed order is centromere--L1.28--754--DMD/BMD--99-6--D2--782--Xg.
      These results conclusively map both DMD and BMD to the central region of Xp and
      add weight to the original suggestion that they may be allelic.

PMID- 3860472
TI  - Soots.

PMID- 3860473
TI  - Appendix: case reports.

PMID- 3860475
TI  - Coal-tars and derived products.

PMID- 3860474
TI  - Bitumens.

PMID- 3860476
TI  - The development and clinical use of acrylic strips containing anti-microbial
      agents in the management of chronic periodontitis.
AB  - Several methods have been used to deliver antimicrobial drugs into periodontal
      pockets. This study was concerned with the development of acrylic in strip form
      for such an application. Initially the release of chlorhexidine acetate from cold
      cured acrylic strips into water, was measured spectrophotometrically over a 15
      day period. The release of chlorhexidine was highest on day 1, was reduced
      considerably by day 2 and then fell progressively to day 15. With the exception
      of the release on day 1 there was little difference in daily release from drug
      admixtures between 40 to 80 per cent. Comparison of the release of chlorhexidine,
      metronidazole and tetracycline demonstrated a similar release pattern for
      metronidazole and chlorhexidine but the daily release of tetracycline was
      considerably less. A bioassay indicated that all drugs were released in active
      form. In a clinical study chlorhexidine, tetracycline and metronidazole rods were
      placed in periodontal pockets for 2-3 days and the effects monitored by dark
      field microscopy. All drugs produced a proportional increase in cocci and marked
      reductions in other organisms, notably the curved and motile rods and
      spirochaetes. The effects of metronidazole and tetracycline were greater than
      those of chlorhexidine. A second clinical study compared the effects of
      metronidazole and tetracycline strips placed for 2 weeks. Clinically, both
      treatment methods had immediate effects upon pocketing, bleeding on probing and
      crevicular flow, which for metronidazole were maintained to the 3-month follow-up
      period. For tetracycline, the bleeding and crevicular flow were significantly
      reduced and maintained to the 3-month period but the initial pocket reduction
      returned to baseline levels by 3 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3860477
TI  - Dental anaesthetic gases--hazards and hygiene. Federation Dentaire Internationale
      Technical Report No. 21.

PMID- 3860478
TI  - Effect of alpha-chlorohydrin on metabolism and testosterone secretion by rat
      testicular interstitial cells.
AB  - The direct effect of alpha-chlorochydrin (alpha-CH) on basic metabolism (glucose
      utilization and oxygen consumption) and testosterone secretion by isolated rat
      interstitial cells (I-cells) has been studied. In the range of concentrations
      between 5 and 100 microliter/ml, only the highest doses of alpha-CH decreased
      cell vitality and their histochemical stain for 3 beta-HSD. Oxygen consumption of
      I-cells was depressed at all doses higher than 10 microliter/ml and this effect
      was reversible only with doses lower than 50 microliter/ml. glucose utilization
      by I-cells was depressed significantly by alpha-CH and this effect was
      particularly dramatic with doses higher than 50 microliter/ml. alpha-CH decreased
      testosterone secretion by I-cells, with maximal effects at 100 microliter/ml. I
      cells responded to hCG challenge by increasing testosterone secretion, and hCG
      prevented the toxic effect of alpha-CH at the lowest dose (10 microliter/ml) of
      alpha-CH, but failed to overcome the effects of a high dose (100 microliter/ml).

PMID- 3860479
TI  - Phenotypic dynamics of tumor progression in human malignant melanoma.
AB  - The phenotypic changes in human melanoma cells during the course of tumor
      progression were studied with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the melanoma
      associated antigens (MAA) M.2.2.4, H.2.8.10, K.1.2, A.1.43, and A.10.33, and HLA
      (A,B,C and D). Cryostat sections of 172 primary melanomas of the skin, 157
      melanoma metastases and 56 nevi were investigated with an indirect
      immunoperoxidase method. Phenotypic heterogeneity was observed within lesions at
      all stages, and also within different tumors of the same patients. Despite this
      heterogeneity, principles of antigen expression were found. From the reaction
      pattern of MAbs, the following classifications of antigens were derived:
      "constitutive" markers of nevomelanocytic cells (M.2.2.4 and H.2.8.10) were found
      expressed over a wide range of local and systemic tumors. One MAA, K.1.2 (Suter
      et al., 1985), that declines with progression of melanoma, was classified as an
      "early" antigen, whereas MAA that appear in primary melanoma in proportion to
      invasiveness, and which are expressed in metastases of lymph nodes and visceral
      organs (A.1.43, and A.10.33), were classified as "late" markers of tumor
      progression. HLA-antigens were classified as "intermediate" markers, HLA-A,B,C,
      as an "early-intermediate", and HLA-DR as a "late-intermediate" marker. The
      occurrence of class II HLA, A.1.43-, and A.10.33-positive tumor cells in primary
      melanoma indicates a high metastatic potential of tumors, independent of tumor
      thickness. The data show that local and systemic progression of melanoma is
      associated with qualitative changes in tumor cells which can be recognized by
      MAbs.

PMID- 3860480
TI  - Reduction of cardiac toxicity of anthracyclines by L-carnitine: preliminary
      overview of clinical data.
AB  - Doxorubicin is one of the most effective antineoplastic agents but its limited
      use is due to acute and chronic cardiotoxicity. These side-effects are
      irreversible and dose-dependent, occurring in one-third of the patients treated
      after a cumulative dose of 300 mg/m2. It has been suggested that the problem of
      acute and chronic cardiotoxicity may be prevented by using L-carnitine. Hence
      nine patients receiving a cumulative dose (200-490 mg/m2) of doxorubicin have
      been studied. Acute cardiotoxicity has been evaluated by creatine kinase---marsh
      bender (MB) serum levels before and 15 h after treatment. Data demonstrated no
      significant increase of isoenzyme-MB after doxorubicin administration. Chronic
      cardiotoxicity has been monitored studying the electrocardiograph and the left
      ventricular performance by computerized M-Mode echocardiography measuring the
      maximal velocity of circumferential fibre shortening (VCF Max) which is
      considered a reliable and very sensitive non-invasive parameter to evaluate
      myocardial contractility. The results show a decrease in VCF Max (measured in
      diameter/cardiac cycle) from 1.7 +/- 0.4 to 1.4 +/- 0.3 but still within normal
      values. So the systematic use of L-carnitine as adjuvant therapy is proposed
      during doxorubicin administration.

PMID- 3860481
TI  - An epidemiological study of osteogenic sarcoma in Kenya: the variations in
      incidence between ethnic groups and geographic regions, 1968-1978.
AB  - Kenya is a country of marked environmental and ethnic diversity. A study of
      osteogenic sarcoma occurring in Kenya from 1968 to 1978 revealed 251 cases,
      representing between 89% and 100% of the predicted number. Variations in age, sex
      and anatomical location were within classical limits. However, the incidence of
      osteogenic sarcoma amongst the Central Bantu was significantly higher than
      predicted (P less than 0.0001), whilst the incidence among the Western Bantu was
      significantly lower (P less than 0.002), despite their similar ethnic origins.
      Two geographically dissimilar areas likewise exhibited significant differences in
      incidence. The Eastern province showed a higher incidence (P less than 0.02),
      whereas the Nyanza Province (P less than 0.001) and the adjacent Western Province
      (P less than 0.005) showed a lower than predicted incidence. These observations
      suggest that in Kenya a geomedical variable affects the incidence of osteogenic
      sarcoma and that genetic variation has no effect on incidence.

PMID- 3860482
TI  - Loaiasis.

PMID- 3860484
TI  - The delayed stress syndrome.

PMID- 3860483
TI  - HLA-DR antigen association with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - No significant differences could be found in the HLA-DR antigen frequency of two
      groups of patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). One group
      consisted of 49 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and the other
      group of 31 patients with no ophthalmoscopic evidence of diabetic retinopathy.

PMID- 3860485
TI  - Effects of life stressors on blood usage in hemophiliac patients: a pilot study.

PMID- 3860486
TI  - Differences of anxiety and dental stressors between dental students and dentists.

PMID- 3860487
TI  - Prostaglandin biosynthesis in the rat lens.
AB  - Rat lens microsomal preparations possess the capability of converting exogenous
      arachidonic acid into prostaglandins (PG) E2 and F2 alpha. The low, yet
      measurable prostaglandin biosynthetic capacity of the lens microsomes was
      demonstrated by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and by separation of radiolabeled products
      after incubation with high specific activity U-14 [C]-arachidonic acid. Maximal
      formation of radioimmunoassayable PGE2 and PGF2 alpha was measured after a 15-min
      incubation at 37 degrees C with approximately 0.5 mg protein. Prostaglandin
      biosynthesis was inhibited by the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents aspirin
      (IC50 = 52 microM) and indomethacin (IC50 = 20 microM). These results
      unequivocally demonstrate prostaglandin biosynthesis in rat lens.

PMID- 3860488
TI  - Prostanoids in rabbit aqueous humor: effect of laser photocoagulation of the
      iris.
AB  - The authors measured concentrations of prostanoids (prostaglandin-like
      substances) in aqueous humor from normal pigmented rabbit eyes and from those
      subjected to argon laser photocoagulation of the iris. The predominant
      prostanoids quantitatively were prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), PGF2 alpha, and PGD2
      with minor amounts of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2. In all cases,
      concentrations of prostanoids in laser-treated eyes were substantially greater
      than those in normal eyes. This finding was particularly striking in the case of
      PGE2 which increased 60-fold from 87 pg/ml to 5.5 ng/ml after irradiation.
      Concentrations of prostanoids following photocoagulation were related to the
      number of administered laser lesions and prostanoid release was associated with
      an initial hypertensive response and disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier.

PMID- 3860489
TI  - A phase II study of mitoxantrone in acute leukemia.
AB  - A phase II study of mitoxantrone (Novantrone; dihydroxyanthracenedione) was
      conducted in 35 patients (22 male: 13 female) with acute leukemia. There were 35
      evaluable cases with a mean age of 34 (range 8-61). Twenty-eight patients had
      acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and seven had acute lymphocytic leukemia
      (ALL). Mitoxantrone was administered intravenously 2-4 mg/m2 daily for five days
      and after the nadir a further 2-3 doses were added if necessary. All previously
      treated cases (22 patients) had been treated with anthracyclines; 13 had no
      previous treatment. Out of the 13 untreated cases there were six complete
      remissions (CRs) (46.2%) and five partial remissions (PRs) (38.5%), while out of
      22 pretreated cases, four CRs (18.2%) and five PRs (22.7%) were obtained. In
      seven of the untreated cases the decrease of leukemic cells and neutrophil
      leukocytes were analysed. Mitoxantrone showed a longer duration of decrease and
      higher log decrease of leukemic cells in the bone marrow than daunorubicin or
      cytosine arabinoside. Seventy-three percent of patients showed gastrointestinal
      disturbances such as nausea or loss of appetite. In 38.1% SGPT elevation and in
      8.8% abnormal ECG findings were observed. All side-effects were mild and
      reversible. From this data mitoxantrone seems a very promising agent in the
      treatment of acute leukemia and a phase III study is now being carried out.

PMID- 3860490
TI  - Mitoxantrone in the treatment of relapsed and refractory acute leukemia.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with acute leukemia or blast crisis (BC) of chronic
      myelocytic leukemia (CML) in relapse or refractory to standard chemotherapy, were
      eligible for treatment with mitoxantrone. Mitoxantrone (Novantrone;
      dihydroxyanthracenedione) was administered in a dose of 8-13 mg/m2 on five
      consecutive days. Five of 20 evaluable patients were induced into complete
      remission, one patient achieved a partial remission. Side-effects included
      moderate to severe bone marrow suppression, moderate mucositis and hair loss. No
      cardiotoxicity was observed. We believe that mitoxantrone is an active agent in
      the treatment of acute leukemia and suggest further studies in combination
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3860491
TI  - Phase I-II trial of mitoxantrone in acute leukemia: an interim report.
AB  - We evaluated the effect of mitoxantrone (Novantrone; dihydroxyanthracenedione) in
      the treatment of refractory acute leukemia and acute leukemia in relapse. In this
      study, 70 patients are currently evaluable. Of the 25 patients who received
      mitoxantrone 10 mg/m2 X 5, two of 10 with ANLL in relapse, one of five with ALL
      in relapse achieved complete remission, and one of seven with blastic phase CML
      responded. At a dose of 12 mg/m2 X 5, nine of 22 patients with ANLL in relapse,
      one of five patients with blastic phase CML and none of the nine patients with
      ALL responded. At this dose all remissions occurred after one course of
      treatment. None of the patients with ANLL or ALL refractory to primary therapy
      achieved a remission. Toxicities encountered with both dose levels were
      comparable. However, second courses at 12 mg/m2 X 5 led to severe stomatitis and
      prolonged cytopenia. We conclude that mitoxantrone is effective therapy for ANLL
      in relapse and that 12 mg/m2 per day X 5 is the optimal dose schedule. A
      randomized trial comparing daunorubicin with mitoxantrone in combination with
      cytarabine in untreated patients with ANLL should answer whether mitoxantrone is
      less toxic and whether it should replace daunorubicin in standard induction
      therapy in ANLL.

PMID- 3860492
TI  - Correlation between prostaglandin and thromboxane levels and clinical signs in
      cyclosporine A-treated guinea pigs with acute experimental allergic
      encephalomyelitis.
AB  - Prostaglandin E, prostaglandin F2 alpha and thromboxane B2 levels were measured
      in the spinal cord and cerebellum of guinea pigs with acute experimental allergic
      encephalomyelitis treated with Cyclosporine A in a schedule which delayed the
      onset of the disease and completely suppressed it in 40% of the animals. A
      correlation was found between the eicosanoid levels in the central nervous system
      and clinical signs of the disease. Where lesions were completely suppressed the
      levels of eicosanoids were normal. The number of lesions found correlated well
      with the clinical state of the animals.

PMID- 3860493
TI  - Establishing a respiratory therapy program in the home: the South Hills program.

PMID- 3860494
TI  - Does laxative abuse control body weight? A comparative study of purging and
      vomiting bulimics.
AB  - This study examines the daily food intake and eating habits of 30 bulimia nervosa
      patients of normal weight; 20 vomited daily and 10 purged daily. The aim was to
      measure and compare food intakes and to examine the belief that laxative abuse is
      an effective means of controlling body weight. The results indicate that the
      purgers control their weight by overall dietary restraint, not by the
      pharmacological action of the laxatives. The purgers' eating patterns were
      bulimic, but not gross: mean daily energy intake being in a normal range (2210 +/
      210 kcal/day). Binge-eating by the vomiters was of a different order: mean
      energy intake was very large (6025 kcal/day), nearly three times that recommended
      and significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than that eaten by the purgers.
      There was major daily variation (s.d. = 3605) and, on occasions, huge amounts
      were recorded, up to 30 000 kcal in a day. Despite this, vomiting was highly
      effective in preventing weight gain, the mean weights of the vomiters being
      similar (mean = 98 per cent) to their matched population mean weight (MPMW). In
      contrast, purging was relatively ineffective, for despite smaller energy intakes,
      all the purgers were above (mean = 114 per cent)--and some markedly above--their
      MPMW. This difference between the two groups was significant (P less than 0.01).
      Reasons for persisting with laxative abuse are discussed.

PMID- 3860495
TI  - New anthracycline antibiotics: serirubicin and 1-hydroxyserirubicin.

PMID- 3860496
TI  - Purification and properties of a novel ferricyanide-linked xanthine dehydrogenase
      from Pseudomonas putida 40.
AB  - The isolation of a xanthine dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida 40 which
      utilizes ferricyanide as an electron acceptor at high efficiency is presented.
      The new activity is separate from the NAD+ and oxygen-utilizing activities of the
      same organism but displays a broad pattern for reducing substrates typical of
      those of previously studied xanthine-oxidizing enzymes. Unlike the previously
      studied enzymes, the new enzyme appears to lack flavin but possess heme and is
      resistant to cyanide treatment. However, sensitivity of the purified enzyme to
      methanol and the selective elimination of the activity when tungstate is added to
      certain growth media suggest a role for molybdenum. The enzyme is subject to a
      selective proteolytic action during processing which is not accompanied by
      denaturation or loss of activity and which is minimized by the continuous
      exposure of the activity to EDTA and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride.
      Electrophoresis of the denatured enzyme in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate
      suggests that the enzyme is constructed of subunits with a molecular weight of
      approximately 72,000. Electrophoresis under native conditions of a purified
      enzyme previously exposed to magnesium ion reveals a series of major and minor
      activity bands which display some selectivity toward both electron donors and
      acceptors. An analysis of the effect of gel concentration on this pattern
      suggests that the enzyme forms a series of charge and size isomers with a pair of
      trimeric forms predominating. Comparison of the rate of sedimentation of the
      enzyme in sucrose gradients with its elution profile from standardized Sepharose
      6B columns suggests a molecular weight of 255,000 for the major form of the
      native enzyme.

PMID- 3860497
TI  - [Embryogenesis of the styloglossus muscle in the human embryo. Its relationship
      with neighboring structures].
AB  - Histogenesis of the muscles of the human tongue has been studied from the 15th
      week in utero onward: however their intrinsic or extrinsic origin is uncertain.
      The intrinsic musculature has sometimes be questioned (Saban, 1971). The
      embryogenesis of the styloglossus muscle has been studied in ten 39 to 58 day old
      human embryos. Its differentiation beyond the first lingual swellings in contact
      with a branch of the hypoglossus nerve allows its development to be followed
      outside the territories of the branchial arches. This study showed its
      progressive development, from day 42 onward, along bundles of the ceratoglossus
      and basioglossus muscles. The styloglossus muscle penetrates slowly on day 45 in
      the transverse fibres located behind the tongue. These latter differentiate
      earlier, independently and at the same time as the geniohyoid and genioglossus
      muscles, near the neural extensions of the hypoglossus nerve: they are very
      rapidly intermixed with the fibres of the genioglossus muscle: the other muscular
      fibres and those of the styloglossus muscle penetrate only later and
      progressively. In the current state of knowledge of axial neural organization, it
      can be concluded that the lingual muscles differentiate from the same type of
      cells recognized and innervated by the neurons of the hypoglossus nerve. The
      epigenesis of the different muscles is related to the appearance of their various
      functions.

PMID- 3860498
TI  - Mandibular condylar structure and growth in Macaca fascicularis are related to
      skeletal rather than dentitional development.
AB  - Mandibular condyles of eight male monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), ranging in
      weight from 1.5 to 3.0 kg, were examined using histometric, radioautographic and
      stereologic techniques. The animals were classified on the basis of their
      dentitional and, as judged from radiographs of the hand and wrist, of their
      skeletal development. This allowed morphometric parameter means to be plotted as
      a function of four dentitional and five skeletal levels of maturation. The
      influence of dentitional and skeletal age on total parameter variations was
      examined by calculating factorial analyses of variance. Although consistent and
      well defined within each method, condylar parameter changes plotted over skeletal
      age were essentially different from those over dentitional age. Whereas the
      latter were difficult, if not impossible, to interpret, the former closely
      resembled the age-related curves displaying the elongation of short bones of the
      fingers in M. fascicularis. Furthermore these parameter changes were also
      consistent with longitudinal alterations in mandibular growth as assessed
      radiographically in man. The analyses of variance suggested that animals
      exhibiting the same degree of skeletal as compared to dentitional development,
      particularly at late stages of maturation, were markedly more homogeneous with
      respect to the majority of the morphometric parameters examined. Therefore,
      somatic maturation rather than the stage of tooth eruption should be the basis
      for estimating biological age in growth studies of the mandibular condyle.

PMID- 3860499
TI  - Biochemical characteristics and protein composition of murine saliva evoked in
      vivo by receptor-selective agonists.
AB  - We have demonstrated that the proteins of mouse saliva secreted in vivo are
      dependent on the nature of the stimulus, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
      The electrophoretic pattern of salivary proteins obtained by stimulation with
      phenylephrine is different from that evoked by carbamylcholine or isoproterenol.
      The electrophoretic pattern of alpha-adrenergic saliva largely resembles that of
      the proteins secreted in vitro by male submandibular glands, indicating that
      these proteins are predominantly derived from the granular convoluted tubular
      cells of submandibular glands. Secretion of proteins from acinar cells of parotid
      and submandibular glands was particularly stimulated by beta-adrenergic agonists
      and, to a lesser extent, by cholinergic agonists. The data from the in vivo
      induced salivas are in agreement with the morphological data on the regulation of
      the secretory process from parotid and submandibular glands. On the other hand,
      the secretory process in vitro does not occur specifically, whereas that in vivo
      does.

PMID- 3860500
TI  - Dentin sensitivity: a review.

PMID- 3860501
TI  - Glycogen content and phosphorylase activities in deciduous dental pulp. Study on
      porcine teeth during root formation, fully formed root and root resorption
      phases.
AB  - Glycogen content and glycogen phosphorylases (a and total) were measured in
      dental pulps from pigs sacrificed at 20, 40, 50, 70, 90, 120, 180, 270 and 300
      days of age. The following conclusions were drawn: (a) pulp glycogen content was
      higher during root formation than during root resorption; (b) the phosphorylase
      activities (a and total), were higher during root resorption than in the other
      phases; (c) pulps from different teeth, when in the same developmental stage,
      possessed a similar glycogen metabolism, as revealed by glycogen content and
      enzyme activity determinations.

PMID- 3860502
TI  - Spectral differences between rhodanese catalytic intermediates unrelated to
      enzyme conformation.
AB  - Circular dichroism (CD) spectra and UV absorption spectra of two obligatory
      intermediates in rhodanese catalysis were compared. A broad CD band between 250
      and 287 nm increased in a manner stoichiometrically related to the content of
      enzyme-bound persulfide. Titration of a sample of sulfur-substituted rhodanese
      (ES) with either cyanide or sulfite gave a stoichiometry that is consistent with
      one persulfide/molecule of rhodanese (Mr = 33,000). This result agrees with that
      determined by x-ray crystallography and a method based on quenching of intrinsic
      fluorescence. Cyanolysis of the persulfide in ES is accompanied by a decrease of
      UV absorption in the region between 250 and 300 nm. Cyanide titrations followed
      by the change in absorbance at 263, 272, and 292 nm gave the expected
      stoichiometry. The magnitude of the difference between the far UV-CD spectra of E
      and ES found here is smaller than reported previously. This variability suggests
      that the differences in the secondary structure of these intermediates may not be
      obligatorily related to the cyanolysis of the persulfide. This view is compatible
      with recent evidence which suggested that E and ES may be made different by
      structural relaxation events that occur outside of the catalytic cycle.
      Furthermore, the methods developed here will be useful in studies on the
      stability of the catalytic persulfide that has been suggested to be central in
      the mechanism of several enzymes important in sulfur metabolism.

PMID- 3860503
TI  - Accumulation of porphobilinogen deaminase, uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, and
      alpha- and beta-globin mRNAs during differentiation of mouse erythroleukemic
      cells. Effects of succinylacetone.
AB  - We have monitored, during the dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO)-induced differentiation
      of MEL cells, the accumulation of mRNAs encoding two enzymes of the heme
      biosynthetic pathway, namely porphobilinogen deaminase and uroporphyrinogen
      decarboxylase. Our results demonstrate that the induction of these two enzymes is
      accounted for by a coordinate increase in their corresponding mRNAs, as estimated
      by hybridization with specific cloned cDNA probes. These events occur early
      during the differentiation process and precede the accumulation of alpha- and
      beta-globin mRNAs. Blocking the heme biosynthetic pathway with succinylacetone
      does not appear to modify the Me2SO-mediated increase of porphobilinogen
      deaminase and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase mRNAs although succinylacetone has
      been shown to prevent the induction of immunoreactive porphobilinogen deaminase
      as well as its enzymatic activity (Beaumont, C., Deybach, J. C., Grandchamp, B.,
      Da Silva, V., de Verneuil, H., and Nordmann, Y. (1984) Exp. Cell Res. 154, 474
      484). Heme depletion resulting from the presence of succinylacetone in the
      culture medium reduces the extent of the Me2SO-mediated accumulation of alpha-
      and beta-globin mRNAs, and this effect is reversed by the addition of 10 microM
      exogenous hemin. Although the presence of succinylacetone prevents
      hemoglobinization of MEL cells, it does not prevent MEL cells from losing their
      proliferative capacity when treated with Me2SO.

PMID- 3860504
TI  - Isolation of three proteins that bind to mammalian RNA polymerase II.
AB  - We have used affinity chromatography on columns containing immobilized calf
      thymus RNA polymerase II to isolate three phosphoproteins (RAP72, RAP38, and
      RAP30) that bind directly to RNA polymerase II. All could be isolated from cell
      nuclei, and all three could be detected in mouse and human tissue culture cell
      lines, but only RAP38 and RAP30 have so far been isolated from calf thymus. RAP38
      stimulates nonspecific transcription of native DNA templates by RNA polymerase II
      in the presence of Mn2+; it appears to be similar or identical to SII, a
      previously identified RNA polymerase II stimulatory factor (Nakanishi, Y.,
      Mitsuhashi, Y., Sekimizu, K., Yokoi, H., Tanaka, Y., Horikoshi, M., and Natori,
      S. (1981) FEBS Lett. 130, 69-72). Unlike RAP38, RAP72 and RAP30 do not affect
      nonspecific transcription by RNA polymerase II. However, RAP30 may have a role in
      regulating some alterations of transcription that accompany cellular
      differentiation; RAP30 is partially dephosphorylated when murine erythroleukemia
      cells are induced with dimethyl sulfoxide to undergo terminal erythroid
      differentiation. We suggest that phosphate groups in RNA polymerase II-binding
      proteins may regulate transcription by modulating the interaction of RNA
      polymerase II with other regulatory proteins that possess sequence recognition
      specificity.

PMID- 3860505
TI  - The meaning of radiolucencies in parosteal osteosarcoma.
AB  - Parosteal osteosarcoma with either intralesional radiolucencies or extralesional
      clefts within the tumor was identified in eighteen patients. In each patient,
      both high-quality radiographs and whole macrosections of the lesions were
      available for correlative study of the radiolucencies. The intralesional
      radiolucencies were characterized as either deep or peripheral. Study of the
      macrosections showed that most of the peripheral lucent areas were comprised of
      low-grade malignant cartilaginous or fibrous tissue that was mixed with fat and
      bone trabeculae. The majority (67 per cent) of the high-grade dedifferentiated
      areas of tumor, however, corresponded to the deep radiolucencies. We think that
      the presence of a deep radiolucent area on a computed tomographic scan or other
      preoperative radiographic staging studies must create suspicion that a high-grade
      (grade-II) dedifferentiated region exists within an otherwise low-grade parosteal
      osteosarcoma.

PMID- 3860506
TI  - Monoclonal antibody to a 43 000 Mr surface protein of a human leukaemia cell line
      (THP-1) crossreacts with the fibroblast intermediate filament protein vimentin.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were produced against surface antigens of live cells from a
      human acute monocytic leukaemia cell line (THP-1). One clone, VIC-C2, when
      assayed by immunofluorescence microscopy, brightly stained the surface of THP-1
      cells and the cytoplasm of Langerhans cells, fibroblasts and melanocytes in
      sections of human skin. The immunoreactive cytoplasmic structures were
      filamentous and resembled intermediate filaments. By double immunofluorescence
      microscopy using VIC-C2 and polyclonal antibodies to vimentin, the VIC-C2 antigen
      was shown to be located on intermediate filaments of cultured fibroblasts and to
      follow these filaments during various drug-induced rearrangements. As
      demonstrated by immunoprecipitation, antibody gel overlay and immunoblotting of
      two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels, VIC-C2 recognized two different antigens in
      extracts of THP-1 cells: one of Mr = 43 000 and pI = 7, the other of Mr = 57 000.
      In extracts from various cultured fibroblast cells only the 57 000 Mr antigen was
      detected. This 57 000 Mr protein was identified as vimentin by immunoblotting of
      rat glioma C6 cytoskeletons on two-dimensional gels. When vimentin was digested
      with chymotrypsin, only fragments containing parts of both helical rod pieces and
      the connecting non-helical spacer-region were strongly antigenic, whereas the
      helical rods alone were only weakly crossreactive. Moreover, immunoprecipitation
      revealed that VIC-C2 preferentially reacted with native compared to denatured
      vimentin.

PMID- 3860507
TI  - Determination of citalopram, amitriptyline and clomipramine in plasma by reversed
      phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The determination of citalopram, amitriptyline, clomipramine and their desmethyl
      metabolites after alkaline diethyl either extraction from plasma is achieved by
      high-performance liquid chromatography using two internal standards and mu
      Bondapak C18 as stationary phase. Elution is carried out isocratically at 0.5 or
      1 ml/min with a mixture of acetonitrile-potassium dihydrogen phosphate-distilled
      water (45:50:5). Detection is monitored by absorption at 254 nm. The detection
      limit is less than 5 ng/ml for each compound. The coefficients of variation are
      between 1.3% and 9.4% for 8-360 ng/ml. Interference from 22 possible co
      medications is discussed. The technique can be used for therapeutic monitoring of
      these antidepressants as well as in analytical toxicology.

PMID- 3860508
TI  - Pretreatment of cytokinetics in acute myelogenous leukemia. Age-related
      prognostic implications.
AB  - To determine the clinical and biologic relevance of cellular kinetics in
      leukemia, DNA flow cytometric analysis was performed on bone marrow biopsy
      specimens from 148 previously untreated adult patients with acute myelogenous
      leukemia. The proportion of cells in synthesis, second growth, and mitosis (S +
      G2M) ranged from 4% to 33% with a median of 14%. The overall incidence of
      complete remission was not affected by the pretreatment cell cycle distribution.
      As in earlier studies, there was a marked decline in remission rate with
      advancing age from 73% for patients age less than or equal to 50 yr to 50% for
      those greater than 50 (P less than 0.01). Although not affecting remission
      induction overall, an increasing proportion of cells in S + G2M phase was
      favorable in patients under the age of 50 yr, but was associated with a
      progressive decline in remission rate in older patients (P = 0.01). This age
      related divergent effect of cell cycle kinetics on initial response to therapy
      was confined to the less favorable subgroup of patients with karyotypic
      abnormalities, whereas patients with normal diploid cytogenetics had a
      consistently higher response rate regardless of proliferative activity. A
      positive correlation was also observed between percent of S + G2M cells and the
      proportion of diploid metaphases in young patients, contrasting with a negative
      correlation in the older age group. Our observations strongly suggest that the
      well-recognized prognostic effect of age on remission induction is not entirely
      host-mediated, but is at least partly an expression of disease-intrinsic
      differences between young and older patients.

PMID- 3860509
TI  - A defect in the regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II gene
      expression in human HLA-DR negative lymphocytes from patients with combined
      immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Patients with an autosomal recessive combined immunodeficiency are characterized
      by an HLA negative phenotype of activated T and B lymphocytes. To determine the
      molecular basis of this syndrome we have studied the biosynthesis of class I and
      II antigens and the expression of relevant genes in these patients. The synthesis
      of the HLA A, B, and C heavy chain is markedly decreased, while beta 2
      microglobulin is made in normal amounts. Biosynthesis of HLA-DR alpha-chain and
      beta-chain is abolished in the lymphocytes of these patients and there is a total
      absence of mRNA for either alpha-chains or beta-chains of HLA-DR. This indicates
      that the lack of class II antigen on these lymphocytes results from a block in
      the expression of HLA-DR genes. The Ii-chain, the invariant polypeptide
      associated intracellularly with HLA-DR, and its mRNA are made in normal amounts.
      Since the structural genes coding for class II polypeptides do not seem to be
      affected, the reported genetic defect in the patients concerns the regulation of
      the expression of HLA-DR genes.

PMID- 3860510
TI  - Extramedullary transformation of chronic myeloid leukaemia with a unique
      chromosome pattern.
AB  - A case of extramedullary myeloblastic transformation of chronic myeloid leukaemia
      is reported. This was characterised by an unusual clinical and haematological
      course and showed a unique cytogenetic pattern.

PMID- 3860511
TI  - Effect of self-administered daily irrigation with 0.02% SnF2 on periodontal
      disease activity.
AB  - To determine the effect on periodontal health of a daily self-administered
      irrigation with 0.02% stannous fluoride (SnF2) solution, 28 subjects who had
      moderate to advanced periodontitis were randomly divided into 3 groups: a control
      group (n = 9) which used no irrigation, a group (n = 8) which used a self
      administered water irrigation device (Water Pik) daily with water (H2O group) and
      a group (n = 11) which used the Water Pik in a similar manner but with SnF2
      solution (SnF2 group). All subjects were instructed in routine tooth brushing and
      flossing but received no other periodontal treatment. 4 study sites were selected
      from each patient which had pocket depths greater than 4 mm and bleeding upon
      probing. Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding tendency, pocket depth, loss of
      attachment, and microbiologic samples of subgingival plaque for morphologic
      determinations were collected from all study sites at baseline, 2, 6, and 10
      weeks. A cross-over was then initiated for 2 additional monthly checks in which
      the H2O group changed to SnF2 and the SnF2 group was divided into 2 subgroups
      which either continued to use SnF2 or changed to H2O. The control group completed
      the study at the beginning of the crossover. The clinical data showed
      significantly more improvement in periodontal health during the first 10 weeks
      for the SnF2 group (p less than 0.01). After cross-over, the clinical data
      indicated the group that changed from H2O to SnF2 significantly improved their
      periodontal health, while the group that changed from SnF2 to H2O became worse.
      The microbiologic data showed trends which agreed with the clinical data during
      the first 10 weeks but were less significant. After cross-over, the %s of motile
      rods and spirochetes were too small (0-7%) to establish statistically significant
      changes considering the accuracy of the technique used.

PMID- 3860512
TI  - Bone regeneration pattern and ankylosis in experimental furcation defects in
      dogs.
AB  - This study reports on the pattern of interradicular bone formation and the
      frequency and localization of ankylosis following regenerative surgery of
      experimentally-induced furcation defects in 12 beagle dogs. Observations were
      made in 39 specimens showing healing with connective tissue attachment in the
      full circumference of the furcation. The findings indicate that bone regeneration
      first occurs adjacent to the root surfaces, followed by a subsequent fill of the
      central portion of the interradicular area. Ankylosis, observed in 24 of the 39
      specimens, was more frequent in large defects than in small defects. The
      incidence of ankylosis increased with increased distance from the base of the
      original wound. These findings suggest that coronal bone apposition may require
      or be facilitated by the presence of a root surface, and that undisturbed coronal
      regeneration may be dependent upon cellular or some other activity from the
      intact periodontal ligament.

PMID- 3860513
TI  - The thermodynamic behaviour of labial gingiva in patients with destructive
      periodontal disease.
AB  - The temperature changes of the labial gingiva and mucosa of the maxillary incisor
      regions were investigated using computer-assisted thermography. 9 patients with
      destructive periodontal disease (7 female and 2 male, aged between 12 and 33
      years, undergoing periodontal treatment for periods varying from 6 months to 12
      years) and 10 volunteers with clinically normal periodontia (6 female and 4 male,
      aged between 19 and 26 years) took part in this study. The gingivae and mucosae
      were initially cooled using a homogeneous flow of air (15 l/min at 15 degrees C)
      for 3 min. 20 s after the cooling phase, temperature increases of these soft
      tissues were sequentially recorded using 48 thermograms per person. This
      procedure was repeated 4 times for each person examined. The weighted mean of the
      time constants of the tissue re-warming curves was significantly higher (p less
      than 0.025) for the periodontitis group (152 +/- 6 s) compared to the clinically
      healthy group (110 +/- 9 s). The different thermodynamic behaviour between the 2
      groups studied indicated differences in the blood-flow and/or its regulation.

PMID- 3860514
TI  - Periodontal conditions in adolescents with cleft lip, alveolus and palate
      following treatment in a co-ordinated team approach.
AB  - The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the oral hygiene habits and
      the periodontal conditions of a group of cleft lip, alveolus and palate patients
      at the end of a longitudinal multidisciplinary treatment. From a total of 120
      patients who had been supervised at the University of Berne, Clinic for Pediatric
      Surgery for at least 18 years in a co-ordinated team approach, 80 were selected
      on the basis of availability. Plaque control record (PCR), calculus index (CI),
      gingival bleeding index (GBI), pocket probing depth (PD), loss of attachment (LA)
      and furcation involvement were recorded. Using the technique and the ruler
      described by Schei et al., the radiographic height of the alveolar crest from the
      cemento-enamel junction was determined. Between the different groups of
      deformities, no statistically significant differences were found for all the
      clinical parameters with the exception of the mean PD orally and the mean PD
      bucally which were shallower in the isolated cleft lip group. These differences
      were attributed to the long-term orthodontic therapy with fixed appliances. When
      the PD and the LA at the sites adjacent to the cleft region were compared to two
      "unaffected" control sites, no statistically significant differences were found,
      whereas the comparison with the radiographic bone loss showed a statistically
      significant lower bone height. These results may indicate the presence of a long
      connective tissue attachment without bony support in the cleft region. As a
      result of inadequate oral hygiene, the patients with cleft lip, alveolus and
      palate showed beginning periodontitis with loss of attachment and beginning
      furcation involvement in most of the cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3860515
TI  - Ultrastructure of developing subgingival plaque in beagle dogs.
AB  - The aim of this study was to describe the ultrastructure of developing
      subgingival plaque. In 6 beagle dogs, healthy gingiva prevailed after a pre
      experimental period of intensive plaque control. At the start of the experiment,
      all oral hygiene measures were withdrawn. Biopsies comprising buccal gingiva and
      adjacent dental tissues were obtained from premolars and molars on days 0, 4, 7,
      21, and 28 and processed for electron microscopy. Sections of day 0 exhibited a
      junctional epithelium in close contact with the tooth and absence of subgingival
      aggregations of bacteria on the tooth surface. For each of the subsequent periods
      studied, some sections did not exhibit subgingival plaque. In the remaining
      sections with subgingival plaque, almost all bacteria appeared in aggregates
      attached to the tooth surface. The number of bacteria at the orifice of the
      gingival sulcus increased with time. Further apically, the micro-organisms formed
      either a continuous layer of even thickness or, more frequently, discrete
      microcolonies along the tooth surface. The bacteria comprised practically
      entirely Gram-negative cocci, rods or spirochetes. The latter were present either
      mixed with the other types in the discrete microcolonies or constituted the bulk
      of the continuous layer of plaque. In the apical part of the subgingival plaque,
      a shift from Gram-negative cocci and rod during the early stages of gingival
      inflammation, to a predominance of spirochetes in later stages was noted. The
      study shows that in dogs, starting from a plaque- and gingivitis-free baseline, a
      predominantly Gram-negative subgingival flora may form within a few days after
      withdrawal of all oral hygiene measures and that a shift in the bacterial
      composition of the subgingival plaque takes place during a 4-week period of no
      oral hygiene.

PMID- 3860516
TI  - Healing after treatment of periodontal intraosseous defects. IV. Effect of a non
      resective versus a partially resective approach.
AB  - 2 regenerative surgical approaches using citric acid conditioning, were compared
      in the treatment of deep intraosseous periodontal defects. The first approach was
      non-resective in that no osseous tissue was removed. The second, a partially
      resective approach, involved reduction of the osseous defect depth by removal of
      some supporting bone. 16 patients and a total of 26 defects, with probing pocket
      depth greater than or equal to 7 mm, were included in the study. The depths of
      the corresponding osseous defect, as revealed during surgery were greater than or
      equal to 5 mm. The results demonstrated mean gains in probing attachment level of
      0.7 mm for the partially resected group and 1.1 mm for the non-resected group.
      Corresponding gains in probing bone levels were recorded in the defect sites for
      each group. Probing pocket depth was reduced from 7.5 mm to 4.0 mm in the
      partially resected group and from 7.9 mm to 5.3 mm in the non-resected group.
      Both procedures caused loss of attachment and bony support from adjacent tooth
      surfaces involved by the surgical procedure. Slightly more loss of attachment and
      bone was experienced by the partially resected group (range 1.2-1.5 mm) than by
      the non-resective group (range 0.1-0.9 mm).

PMID- 3860517
TI  - Relationship between some subgingival bacteria and periodontal pocket depth and
      gain or loss of periodontal attachment after treatment of adult periodontitis.
AB  - We studied the association between post-treatment periodontal disease activity
      and subgingival Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius, spirochetes and
      motile rods. 20 adults, 22-62 years, with moderate-to-severe periodontitis
      participated in a split-mouth treatment study. All individual quadrants received
      supragingival cleaning and in addition, subgingival scaling and a NaHCO3-NaCl
      H2O2 slurry, subgingival scaling alone, slurry alone, or no subgingival
      treatment. Post-treatment periodontal disease status was determined over a period
      of 12 months by changes in probing periodontal pocket depth and probing
      periodontal attachment level. Subgingival specimens obtained by paper point
      sampling were evaluated for B. gingivalis and B. intermedius using indirect
      immunofluorescence and for spirochetes and motile rods using bright light phase
      contrast microscopy. A total of 142 periodontitis lesions representing all 4
      quadrants of the 20 subjects were studied. The relationship between clinical data
      and bacteria was analyzed using logistic regression. The probability of the study
      organisms being present in subgingival sites at 3 to 6 months after treatment
      increased with increased residual pocket depth. The presence of B. gingivalis
      showed a strong positive association (p less than 0.004) with loss of periodontal
      attachment. A significant association was also found for spirochetes (p less than
      0.008) but not for motile rods (p greater than 0.35) or B. intermedius (p greater
      than 0.13). Similar results were obtained at 12 months after therapy, except that
      the presence of motile rods was significantly associated with loss of periodontal
      attachment (p less than 0.03). Caution must be exercised when using B. gingivalis
      or spirochetes to evaluate treatment efficacy. If the presence of these organisms
      was utilized to indicate progressing periodontitis, many active lesions could be
      identified, and only 1 to 17% and 13 to 43% of sites in remission at 3-6 months
      after therapy would be expected to harbor B. gingivalis and spirochetes,
      respectively. The consequences of treating periodontal sites in remission would
      mainly be limited to cost and inconvenience. However, since several active
      periodontitis lesions did not reveal the organisms, treatment decisions based
      solely on the absence of the organisms may result in the omission of needed
      therapy. As a practical consideration, periodontal treatment should be continued
      as long as B. gingivalis and maybe spirochetes are detectable in the subgingival
      microflora. In the absence of these organisms, and until additional periodontal
      pathogens have become known, the decision to continue or conclude periodontal
      therapy must b

PMID- 3860518
TI  - Survival analysis of periodontal sites before and after periodontal therapy.
AB  - Periodontal diseases appear to progress with bursts of destructive activity at
      individual sites. One effect of treatment might be to diminish the frequency of
      such bursts. Survival analysis was employed to seek such effects on the
      periodontal sites of 16 individuals with prior evidence of destructive
      periodontal disease. The subjects were monitored at bi-monthly intervals and
      actively breaking down sites were detected using attachment level measurements
      and the tolerance method of analysis. When active sites were detected, control
      sites of equal pocket depth and attachment loss were selected and microbiological
      and immunological samples were taken. The subjects were treated by modified
      Widman flap surgery and systemically administered tetracycline. On completion of
      therapy, bi-monthly monitoring was reinstituted. Life tables were constructed for
      periodontal sites in each of the 16 subjects prior to and after therapy. A site
      losing more than 3 mm of attachment at any time interval was considered to have
      relapsed or "died". Survivor functions were calculated for each time period
      indicating the % of sites which survived at any time. The subjects were divided
      into 3 categories on the basis of post-therapy survivor functions. The annual
      hazard rate in 9 good treatment response subjects (group 1) was reduced from
      0.10/year to 0.01/year. The hazard rate of 5 intermediate treatment response
      subjects (group 2A) was reduced from 0.16/year to 0.04/year and that of 2 poor
      treatment response subjects (group 2B) from 0.15/year to 0.07/year. Group 2A and
      2B individuals were combined and differences were sought in clinical,
      microbiological and immunological parameters between the good and poor treatment
      response groups. 5 out of 7 of the poor responding individuals showed elevated
      humoral antibody responses to 3 or more gram-negative subgingival species tested.
      Many of the elevated responses in this group were to organisms which are widely
      distributed and return quickly after therapy such as Fusobacterium nucleatum,
      Eikenella corrodens, Bacteroides intermedius and Capnocytophaga sputigena. The
      predominant cultivable microbiota in subgingival samples taken prior to therapy
      from the good responding group had significantly greater proportions of
      Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, C. ochracea and B. intermedius than the
      poor responding group. The latter group showed significantly elevated proportions
      of F. nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus micros and Streptococcus intermedius.

PMID- 3860519
TI  - The effect of citric acid and fibronectin application on healing following
      surgical treatment of naturally occurring periodontal disease in beagle dogs.
AB  - It has recently been suggested that following the exposure of root surface
      collagen with citric acid, the addition of topically applied fibronectin might
      promote healing with a fibrous re-attachment. The purpose of this study was to
      determine the benefit of citric acid demineralization and fibronectin application
      in the surgical treatment of severe, naturally occurring periodontal disease in
      Beagle dogs. The 4 treatment modalities employed were: (1) surgery alone
      (mucoperiosteal flaps); (2) surgery plus fibronectin; (3) surgery plus citric
      acid; (4) surgery plus citric acid followed by fibronectin application. Coronal
      and root surface notches were used as biometric and histometric reference points.
      Final clinical measurements were recorded 6 weeks post surgically, on the day of
      sacrifice. Significantly increased amounts of connective tissue reattachment were
      observed in the areas treated with the citric acid/fibronectin combination.
      Fibrous re-attachment was enhanced at the expense of epithelial downgrowth and
      occurred directly to both new and old cementum and exposed dentin, often in a
      functional manner, i.e., perpendicular to the root surface. Areas treated with
      the surgery and citric acid technique attained moderate amounts of fibrous re
      attachment while the other treatment modalities were associated with a long
      junctional epithelium. The enhanced fibrous re-attachment may be the product of
      an accelerated coalescing of exposed soft tissue and root surface collagen
      fibrils, while under the mediating effect of fibronectin.

PMID- 3860520
TI  - Morphology of polymorphonuclear neutrophils during periodontal disease in the
      cynomolgus monkey.
AB  - The polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) appears to be an important cell in the
      protection of the host from pathogenic periodontal micro-organisms. The purpose
      of the present histological studies was to observe the emigration of the PMN from
      the gingival vessels to the periodontal pocket during gingivitis and ligature
      induced periodontitis in the cynomolgus monkey. 2 adult female monkeys were
      treated by application of a silk ligature around selected posterior teeth. After
      9 weeks, the monkeys were perfused and block sections of both ligated (early
      periodontitis) and non-ligated (gingivitis) sites were obtained, cut into smaller
      blocks containing a single interdental area (N = 15 for periodontitis, N = 5 for
      gingivitis) and processed for light and electron microscopic observations.
      Morphologically, no differences in PMNs between gingivitis and periodontitis were
      observed and therefore the following description applies to both disease states.
      In the vessels, the endothelial cells appeared to be actively involved in PMN
      emigration, maintaining long processes which surrounded the PMNs. Within the
      connective tissue, the PMNs maintained their typical morphology which included
      polylobated nuclei and numerous lysosomal granules. Many intact PMNs were
      observed intercellularly within the connective tissue and the epithelium. Within
      the periodontal pocket, a multilayer of PMNs surrounded the plaque mass. Cells
      with numerous bacteria-containing phagolysosomes were observed with increasing
      frequency as they approached the plaque. Deeper within the bacterial deposit,
      PMNs were seen in varying stages of degeneration. These histologic studies, when
      interpreted in the light of reports of severe, rapidly-progressive periodontitis
      in patients with PMN disorders, suggest that the interaction of PMNs with
      bacterial plaque may serve to maintain a defensive boundary which protects the
      host tissues from irreversible destruction.

PMID- 3860521
TI  - Intrarenal chloroma causing obstructive nephropathy: CT characteristics.
AB  - A patient presented with unilateral obstructive nephropathy due to a granulocytic
      sarcoma (chloroma) arising within the renal pelvis. To the best of our knowledge,
      granulocytic sarcoma has not previously been described either arising in the
      urinary system or occurring during induced remission of disease. Even in the
      absence of other evidence of active disease, with a history of leukemia, this
      lesion should be considered in the differential diagnosis of collecting system
      tumors, as recommended therapy is nonsurgical.

PMID- 3860522
TI  - Potential genetic gains from producing bulls with only sires as parents.
AB  - Micromanipulation of sperm and ova has been suggested as a means to produce
      progeny of two sires instead of a sire and dam. Selection schemes taking
      advantage of this technology could produce genetic gains 1.5 to 2 times current
      gains. An optimum strategy both genetically and economically would be to breed
      99% of the population to young sires and 1% to progeny-tested sires. The genetic
      pathway from sires to sons could become the only pathway affecting genetic gain;
      this would eliminate problems of cow evaluation and would give artificial
      insemination organizations more control over quality of young sires. Inbreeding
      would not be a problem, and few other technologies could offer superior rates of
      genetic gain.

PMID- 3860523
TI  - What we know and don't know about dietary fluoride supplements--the research
      basis.
AB  - The administration of dietary fluoride supplements has been shown unequivocally
      to be an effective procedure for preventing dental caries, approaching and
      sometimes exceeding the benefits generally expected from the consumption of
      fluoridated water. The latter, however, is far more economical and feasible for
      benefiting large numbers of children. Prescribing supplements is still
      recommended for children drinking water with suboptimal amounts of natural
      fluoride. There is a need to clarify the role of prenatal fluoride
      administration. As there is uncertainty about the optimal time to initiate
      fluoride supplementation, the period during which such supplementation should be
      continued is also unclear. Some studies have addressed the issue, but their
      findings are equivocal. The decision on when to stop supplementation should be
      based on the professional judgment of a child's dentist. Combined therapies
      should be limited to children who are highly susceptible to caries attack.
      Fluoride supplementation will result in obvious dental fluorosis only if the
      procedure is misused and reliable dosage schedules have not been formulated; if
      misused, it is clearly contraindicated in communities with greater than 0.7 ppm
      fluoride in their water supplies. Used properly and when indicated, dietary
      fluoride supplementation is a patently safe and highly effective measure for the
      prevention of dental caries.

PMID- 3860524
TI  - Attitudes of dentists and physicians toward the use of dietary fluoride
      supplements.
AB  - One of the major goals of the reported research was to determine how consistent
      health practitioners' knowledge, attitudes and practices are with the consensus
      of the public health and research communities regarding caries prevention. Both
      professions are aware of current caries preventive methods, but have very mixed
      reactions toward their relative effectiveness in the United States, today.
      Dentists and physicians see a great deal of value in community water fluoridation
      and see some effectiveness from fluoridating school water supplies. They regard
      the prescription of dietary fluoride supplements as an effective caries
      prevention measure, but to a much lesser extent, and base their use of these
      prescriptions on the age of the child and the level of fluoride in the
      community's water system. Topical fluoride applications and fluoride dentifrices,
      as well, are thought to be very effective preventive measures by only a small
      proportion of dentists and physicians, as are fluoride mouth rinses. Dentists and
      physicians rate systemic fluorides as effective more often than they do other
      selected methods, as would the research community; but they are not as solidly
      behind these, as evidence would suggest they should be. Both community water
      fluoridation and dietary fluoride supplements are known to be very effective
      caries prevention measures, yet only 66 percent of the physicians think community
      water fluoridation is very effective and only 37 percent think dietary fluoride
      supplements are very effective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3860525
TI  - Ways to improve/increase appropriate use of dietary fluorides.
AB  - Dietary fluoride supplements are not now being prescribed appropriately by health
      care providers, an example of the slow rate of acceptance of an effective caries
      preventive regimen available for nearly a quarter-century. Industry, the American
      Dental Association Council of Dental Therapeutics, the American Academy of
      Pediatric Dentistry, the American Association for Dental Research, the National
      Foundation of Dentistry for the Handicapped, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, and the
      National Institute of Dental Research have all initiated or supported a variety
      of activities to educate health care providers on the use of fluoride supplements
      and developing educational materials for providers to use in educating the
      public. Barriers to appropriate use include the following factors: complexity of
      the dosage schedule; priority of preventive regimens in educational institutions;
      economic factors; and lack of public knowledge--clearly a barrier to their
      acceptance, appropriate use, and compliance. Dental school faculty have a
      responsibility, to both their students and the general public, to provide
      appropriate information about dietary fluoride supplements and their use.
      Emphasis should be placed on educating dental students on the best ways of
      achieving compliance in their patients. Federal agencies might join the ranks as
      well, along with the individual dentist, in educating all relevant groups and
      promoting health through disease prevention.

PMID- 3860526
TI  - Observations of SnF2-treated human enamel using scanning electron microscope.
AB  - Human enamel was ground flat, treated for 4 min with 8 percent SnF2 and then
      immersed in water for 5 sec, 5 min, 60 min and 24 h. Products formed on the
      enamel included round globular and triangular-shaped crystalline structures which
      were removed after the treated enamel specimens were immersed in water for 24 h.
      In contrast, the non-water-washed treated enamel specimens had a distinct
      precipitate.

PMID- 3860527
TI  - Effect of motivation on the oral health of French schoolchildren.

PMID- 3860528
TI  - The sealed composite resin restoration.
AB  - This composite restoration-sealant combination is only to be considered for the
      small pit and fissure caries lesion. Bitewing radiographs should indicate no
      smooth surface interproximal caries in the teeth to be restored in this manner.
      All teeth treated with the composite restoration-sealant combination should be
      carefully evaluated at periodic recall visits. There is no single perfect
      conservative restoration for the young patient. Each of us must decide, on an
      individual basis, the appropriate type of procedure we elect to use. The sealed
      composite resin restoration can be very effective in carefully selected cases.

PMID- 3860529
TI  - Periapical healing after apicocurettage during apexification.
AB  - A case is presented in which conventional apexification with CaOH-CMCP paste was
      not successful at first. A minimal apicocurettage was done. Subsequently, the
      periapical bone healed and a dry, hard apical stop formed at the apical foramen.
      A gutta percha root canal filling was packed from the coronal access. This
      procedure offered a surgical alternative to an alloy retrofilling, when the usual
      apexification process was not successful.

PMID- 3860530
TI  - Dietary iron--chemistry and bioavailability.

PMID- 3860531
TI  - Appearance of dentin gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing proteins in developing
      rat molars in vitro.
AB  - An in vitro model of mineralization was devised in order to study the
      developmental appearance of dentin gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing proteins
      (DGPs) in relation to the onset of mineralization. Maxillary third molars from 11
      day-old rats were cultured with or without fetal calf serum (FCS) as modified
      from Navia et al. (1984). Molars were incubated without radiolabel, or with
      either 45CaCl2 (5 microCi/ml) for 24 hr at various stages of a ten-day culture
      period or [3H]-leucine (10 microCi/ml) for 24 hr at the eighth day of culture.
      Molars were lyophilized and extracted with 10% formic acid overnight at 4 degrees
      C. DGPs in extracts were detected by immunologic and chromatographic techniques;
      DGPs in molar sections were detected by immunolocalization using indirect
      immunofluorescence. Molar development was evaluated histologically using the Von
      Kossa staining technique. Molars cultured with FCS showed histologic evidence for
      mineralized dentin and enamel and a significant increase in 45Ca uptake after the
      sixth day in vitro. Eleven-day-old molars in vivo and molars cultured without FCS
      showed no evidence of the presence of mineralized tissues. [3H]-Leucine-labeled
      DGPs were isolated and identified by affinity and reversed-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography and by gel electrophoresis from both mineralized and
      unmineralized molars. DGP antigens were localized immunohistochemically using
      rabbit anti-rat antibodies raised against a highly purified DGP preparation. In
      the unmineralized molar, antigenicity was seen in odontoblasts but not in
      predentin matrix, preodontoblasts, or in any other cell type. Antigens in the
      mineralized molar were localized to odontoblasts and dentin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3860532
TI  - Effect of anti-oxidants on growth and lactic acid production by Streptococcus
      mutans.
AB  - The effects of three anti-oxidants--tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated
      hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)--on both growth and
      lactic acid production by eight cariogenic strains of Streptococcus mutans were
      investigated. Synergistic inhibitory effects of potassium sorbate on lactic acid
      production were also determined. All three anti-oxidants are phenolic derivatives
      and are commonly used in food systems due to their excellent "carry-through"
      properties during processing. Growth inhibition was determined by turbidity
      measurements at 600 nm. Lactic acid was assayed by gas chromatography, and
      bacterial DNA was assayed by the diphenylamine reaction. There were reduced
      growth levels of S. mutans due to the anti-oxidants and potassium sorbate for at
      least 12 hr, with TBHQ and BHA still inhibiting growth at 24 hr. Nearly all
      concentrations of anti-oxidants and potassium sorbate reduced lactic acid
      production by S. mutans, but only TBHQ significantly inhibited lactic acid
      production when the amount of acid per microgram DNA was calculated. A
      synergistic reduction of lactic acid production by S. mutans does occur in most
      combinations of potassium sorbate with anti-oxidants.

PMID- 3860533
TI  - From mice to men.

PMID- 3860534
TI  - Accomplishments, opportunities, and challenges in oral health research.

PMID- 3860535
TI  - Effects of extracellular plaque components on the chlorhexidine sensitivity of
      strains of Streptococcus mutans and human dental plaque.
AB  - An in vitro study was undertaken to determine the effects of sucrose-derived
      extracellular plaque components on the sensitivity of selected oral bacteria to
      chlorhexidine (CX). Cultures of Streptococcus mutans HS-6, OMZ-176, Ingbritt C,
      6715-wt13, and pooled human plaque were grown in trypticase soy media with or
      without 1% sucrose. The sensitivity to CX of bacteria grown in each medium was
      determined by fixed-time exposure to CX and subsequent measurement of 3H
      thymidine uptake. One-hour exposure to CX at concentrations of 10(-4) M (0.01%
      w/v) or greater substantially inhibited subsequent cellular division among all
      the S. mutans strains and human plaque samples tested. An IC50 (the CX
      concentration which depressed 3H-thymidine incorporation to 50% of control level)
      of close to 10(-4) M was noted for S. mutans strains HS-6, OMZ-176, and 6715-wt13
      when grown in the presence of sucrose. The same strains grown in cultures without
      added sucrose showed about a ten-fold greater sensitivity to CX (IC50 close to
      10(-5) M). A three-fold difference was noted for S. mutans Ingbritt C. Only a
      slight increase in the IC50 was noted for the plaque samples cultured in sucrose
      containing media, but their threshold for depression of 3H-thymidine uptake by CX
      was lower than that for the sucrose-free plaque samples. The study showed that
      extracellular products confer some protection against CX to the bacteria
      examined, and provided an explanation for the disparity between clinically
      recommended concentrations for plaque suppression and data on in vitro
      susceptibility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3860536
TI  - Changes in dentin appositional rates during pregnancy and lactation in rats.
AB  - Dentin appositional rates were determined in pregnant and lactating rats and
      compared with those in non-pregnant, age-matched controls. Appositional rates
      were calculated from measurements of distance between fluorescent mineralized
      tissue markers. There were significant increases in dentin apposition during
      pregnancy, with the greatest increases seen in the first two weeks. Dentin
      appositional rates decreased significantly during mid-lactation. These results
      indicate that homeostatic changes during pregnancy and lactation affect
      mineralized tissue accretion.

PMID- 3860538
TI  - Intra-oral air mercury released from dental amalgam.
AB  - Intra-oral air was analyzed for mercury (Hg) vapor concentration in 46 subjects,
      35 of whom had dental amalgam restorations. Measurements were made with a Jerome
      Hg detector both before and ten min after chewing stimulation. Subjects with
      dental amalgams had unstimulated Hg vapor concentrations that were nine times
      greater than basal levels in control subjects with no amalgams. Chewing
      stimulation in subjects with amalgams increased their Hg concentration six-fold
      over unstimulated Hg levels, or a 54-fold increase over levels observed in
      control subjects. Concentrations of Hg measured in intra-oral air larger than
      those reported in expired air were attributed to the rate and direction of air
      passage across amalgam surfaces. There were significant correlations between Hg
      vapor released into intra-oral air after chewing stimulation and the numbers and
      types of amalgam restorations. It is concluded that intraoral air is a reliable
      physiological indicator of Hg released from dental amalgam that may reflect a
      major source of chronic Hg exposure.

PMID- 3860537
TI  - Enamel microhardness change and plaque pH measurements in an intra-oral model in
      humans.
AB  - Changes in plaque pH and microhardness of bovine enamel slabs were evaluated with
      a seven-day intra-oral cariogenicity test (ICT). The test enamel slabs were
      mounted in prosthetic appliances with a Dacron mesh cover for enhancement of
      microbial colonization. Three percent solutions of sucrose, sorbitol, and xylitol
      were evaluated as four daily extra-oral immersions of 10 min each, for seven
      days, and the results were compared with baseline experiments (no daily
      immersions). The pH was measured with antimony electrodes on one-day and seven
      day ICT plaque samples that were challenged with a one-minute immersion in the
      studied substrates. Plaque samples in the baseline experiments were challenged
      with 3% sucrose. The enamel softening was assessed with measurements of
      microhardness. Sucrose challenge caused pH depression with both the baseline and
      the sucrose-immersed plaque. Sorbitol and xylitol challenge did not depress the
      plaque pH. Compared with the baseline, sucrose immersions caused enamel
      softening; sorbitol and xylitol did not.

PMID- 3860539
TI  - Serial measurements of intra-oral air mercury: estimation of daily dose from
      dental amalgam.
AB  - Serial measurements of Hg concentration in intra-oral air were made during and
      after chewing stimulation in 35 subjects with occlusal amalgam restorations. Hg
      concentrations remained elevated during 30 min of continuous chewing and declined
      slowly over 90 min after cessation of chewing. By curve-fitting and integration
      analysis of data during these time periods (including corrections for respiratory
      volume, retention rate of inspired Hg, oral-to-nasal breathing ratios, and
      consumption of three meals and three snacks per day), we calculated that all
      subjects received an average daily Hg dose of approximately 20 micrograms.
      Subjects with 12 or more occlusal amalgam surfaces were estimated to receive a
      daily Hg dose of 29 micrograms, whereas in subjects with four or fewer occlusal
      amalgam surfaces, the dose was 8 micrograms. These Hg dosages from dental amalgam
      were as much as 18-fold the allowable daily limits established by some countries
      for Hg exposure from all sources in the environment. The results demonstrate that
      the amount of elemental Hg released from dental amalgam exceeds or comprises a
      major percentage of internationally accepted threshold limit values for
      environmental Hg exposure. It is concluded that dental amalgam Hg makes a major
      contribution to total daily dose.

PMID- 3860540
TI  - Prevalence of dental fluorosis after fluoride-gel treatments in a low-fluoride
      area.
AB  - The goal of the present investigation was to study whether periodic use of
      fluoride-gel treatments resulted in an increased prevalence of dental fluorosis.
      269 children, from 14 to 16 years of age, who had received semi-annual or
      quarterly fluoride-gel treatments were examined for possible fluoride-induced
      enamel changes. Further, in order to determine the amount of fluoride retained
      during the gel treatment, the expectorate was analyzed in 18 younger children
      presently participating in the prophylaxis program. It was found that the
      retention of fluoride averaged 7.3 mg per treatment (up to 0.5 mg fluoride per kg
      body weight). An increased prevalence of dental fluorosis was not observed, even
      after up to five yearly treatments were given during tooth formation periods. The
      background prevalence of dental fluorosis in a low-fluoride area in Denmark is
      described.

PMID- 3860541
TI  - Fluoride uptake in plaque-covered enamel after treatment with the fluoride
      lacquer Duraphat.
AB  - The amount of alkali-soluble and alkali-insoluble fluoride was determined in
      human enamel after one- and six-hour treatments with Duraphat. The application
      was carried out on: (1) slightly demineralized enamel covered with artificial
      plaque, (2) cleaned, slightly demineralized enamel, and (3) sound enamel without
      pre-treatment. After a single Duraphat treatment lasting six hours, fluoride
      uptake was higher than after Duraphat treatment for just one hour in all
      experimental groups. More fluoride was acquired in both slightly demineralized,
      plaque-covered and slightly demineralized, cleaned enamel than in sound enamel.
      Plaque significantly hampered the formation of alkali-soluble fluoride
      precipitation on demineralized enamel, but its influence on the amount of
      fluoride taken up by the enamel was minor.

PMID- 3860542
TI  - Dental development in precocious puberty.
AB  - One hundred and one children with precocious puberty were given an oral
      examination. Dental root development was assessed using panoramic radiographs.
      All mandibular canines, pre-molars, and molars which could be visualized without
      apparent distortion were included. The patients were grouped for analysis
      according to the etiology of their precocity, e.g., McCune-Albright syndrome,
      familial male, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, central nervous system lesions,
      and idiopathic precocious puberty. Dental development was significantly retarded
      relative to their chronological age in patients with idiopathic precocious
      puberty. However, no significant abnormal dental development was detected in any
      of the other groups. Individual oral-facial growth and development remain the
      primary considerations for timing orthodontic treatment.

PMID- 3860543
TI  - An erosion test for dental cements.
AB  - A new method for the in vitro measurement of the erosion of dental cements is
      described which allows repeated, gentle removal of loose surface debris and
      provides a direct quantitative measurement of material lost. A linear
      relationship for erosion against time is demonstrated for a glass polyalkenoate
      material under mildly acidic conditions. This test method is applicable to all
      acid/base-type cements and gives results comparable to those from in vivo tests.

PMID- 3860544
TI  - Proceedings of the sixty-second American Association of Dental Schools annual
      session.

PMID- 3860545
TI  - Advice for the consumer 'milieu'.

PMID- 3860547
TI  - Recommendations questioned.

PMID- 3860546
TI  - To test or not to test.

PMID- 3860549
TI  - A guide to the dental equipment marketplace.

PMID- 3860548
TI  - Concern with drugs during pregnancy.

PMID- 3860550
TI  - A stepwedge quality assurance test for machine and processor in dental
      radiography.
AB  - A quick, inexpensive quality assurance test for clinical dental radiography is
      described. Data on operator error in matching test radiographs and the use of the
      test in some radiographic facilities for 3 years indicate that the test can be
      useful in monitoring film processing and X-ray machine output in clinical
      practice.

PMID- 3860551
TI  - Periodontal restorative interrelationships: the isolated restoration.
AB  - Only by controlling plaque early and consistently, before periodontal and
      restorative problems require intervention in the form of a full prosthetic and
      periodontal reconstruction, the continued maintenance of a full dentition is
      assured. Plaque control is not merely continued prophylaxes, but a striving for a
      healthy biologic situation with the placement of every restoration. This is
      attainable only through ensuring a normal attachment apparatus and establishing
      that all restorative margins be accessible to plaque control measures. Deep,
      subgingival restorations are not only difficult to place and finish correctly,
      but, by providing an environment conducive to microbial plaque retention and
      proliferation, also lead to inflammatory periodontal destruction and recurrent
      carious lesions. Early detection, although difficult, is essential to avoid
      excessive destruction of the tooth and its supporting structures. A deterrent to
      early detection may be the response of the patient's tissue. Paradoxically, if
      the patient's periodontal tissues respond in a fibrotic manner to early gingival
      inflammation, rather than in a dramatic, edematous manner, the situation may
      appear clinically healthy. Waerhaug discussed "submarginal gingivitis," a
      situation in which the tissue will appear pink and firm, elicit to exudate or
      bleeding on probing, and mimic healthy to the casual examiner. When this is
      coupled with the difficulty inherent in detecting early recurrent carious
      lesions, resulting from the radiographic superimposition of the existing
      restoration or the deep subgingival extent of the restoration, the situation
      becomes all the more demanding of the practitioner's efforts.

PMID- 3860552
TI  - The identification of a 'John Doe'.
AB  - This paper presents a case report describing the forensic dental investigation
      that enabled the identification of a decomposed dead body. The body was
      discovered under such circumstances that there were no known missing persons to
      account for its occurrence and no clues as to a possible identify. Through
      teamwork, fragments of nonspecific information were pieced together to point to a
      possible victim who had disappeared a year earlier and 1,400 miles away. Subtle
      dental and anthropologic peculiarities were detected and identified on antemortem
      medical radiographs made 3 years earlier, thus allowing a successful match. The
      extent of our nation's missing persons and unidentified dead problem is
      discussed. In a country where almost 40,000 cases of unsolved missing persons are
      recorded and 2,000 to 10,000 unidentified dead bodies remain anonymous,
      cooperation among jurisdictions and the use of dental evidence in a computerized
      form are the likely means of approaching this problem.

PMID- 3860553
TI  - Bifid mandibular canals in panoramic radiographs.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to identify and classify specific anatomic
      variations of the mandibular canal for which we have suggested the term "bifid
      mandibular canals." A total of 6,000 panoramic radiographs were studied, and
      those that contained these canals were identified. A classification of bifid
      mandibular canals was developed from this material. In addition, as the different
      variations of these bifid mandibular canals may present a number of problems in
      clinical practice, some solutions to these problems are presented. In our sample,
      there were 57 bifid mandibular canals, an incidence of 0.95%. These results
      suggest that the presence of bifid mandibular canals is not a rare finding. If
      panoramic equipment is not available, the lateral jaw view may be taken to study
      the mandible for the anesthetic, surgical, and prosthetic problems.

PMID- 3860554
TI  - Characteristics and satisfaction of the patients of male versus female dentists.
AB  - With rising numbers of women entering dental practice, and relatively little
      known about these practices, this study seeks to characterize the practices of
      female dentists. Characteristics and satisfaction differences of patients between
      male and female practitioners were examined. A matched-pair design of 13 men and
      13 women in general private practice in Connecticut was conducted.
      Questionnaires, designed to evaluate satisfaction and patient sociodemographics,
      were distributed to 25 patients from each practice. Patients were similar to
      utilizers as described by the US National Health Interview Survey, and scored
      slightly higher on the Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire than a national sample.
      Few differences were found between the patients of male and female dentists, but
      significant differences were found in patient incomes, satisfaction with cost,
      and satisfaction with access, with the patients of women giving more favorable
      satisfaction ratings on cost and access. These findings are encouraging to women
      entering private practice as they are perceived by patients to deliver care equal
      in quality to their male counterparts.

PMID- 3860555
TI  - The therapeutic effect of toothbrushing on naturally occurring gingivitis.
AB  - A majority of previous toothbrushing studies have examined proposed virtues of
      particular brushing techniques or the relative cleaning ability of various
      toothbrushes. A smaller number were concerned with their role in prevention of
      gingivitis. Whether toothbrushing could be therapeutic in naturally occurring
      gingivitis was tested in 40 teenagers aged 12 to 14 years. Groups from two public
      schools were examined for gingivitis and plaque. Students from both groups were
      given a soft multi-tufted toothbrush and nonfluoridated toothpaste to be used
      daily. Students at one school were given a single intensive oral hygiene session.
      All students were reexamined 42 days later and given a thorough prophylaxis.
      Final readings were obtained 84 days after baseline and the results analyzed
      statistically. Sign test analysis disclosed a significant (P less than .01)
      improvement in plaque and gingivitis scores for both groups. Wilcoxon tests of
      patient means revealed a significant improvement in plaque scores, whereas
      gingivitis means were more variable. Chi square analysis between groups showed
      that the groups receiving oral hygiene instructions had significantly better (P
      less than .01) plaque and gingivitis scores at session 2. Gingivitis differences
      were generally significant at session 3. Toothbrushing has a therapeutic effect
      on naturally occurring gingivitis, enhanced by oral hygiene instruction.

PMID- 3860556
TI  - Triangular-shaped radiolucent area between roots of the mandibular right canine
      and first premolar.
AB  - The squamous odontogenic tumor is a rare odontogenic neoplasm occurring primarily
      in the anterior maxilla and posterior mandible. The clinical presentation is that
      of tooth mobility with a semicircular or triangular, well-defined radiolucent
      area. Histologic features include dense fibrous connective stroma with scattered
      islands of bland epithelium exhibiting no ameloblastomatous features.
      Conservative surgical treatment in most cases is sufficient; however, lesions in
      the maxilla may require more extensive surgical procedures to ensure resolution.

PMID- 3860557
TI  - Guidelines for infection control in the dental office and the commercial dental
      laboratory. Council on Dental Therapeutics. Council on Prosthetic Services and
      Dental Laboratory Relations.

PMID- 3860558
TI  - Report of quarterly survey of dental practice: gross income report. Bureau of
      Economic and Behavioral Research.

PMID- 3860559
TI  - Advertising standards of the American Dental Association.

PMID- 3860560
TI  - [Permanent-wear of gas-permeable rigid lenses: a new solution for the aphakic
      patient].
AB  - The authors reviews his experience during a period of six years with permanent
      wear gas-permeable hard contact lenses. Problems with dislocation of the lens
      during sleep was solved by using a diameter of 11 mm. Corneal respiration was
      maintained due to the oxygen permeability of the new material. A new fitting
      technique was developed advising daily wear for 8 days post-operatively, extended
      wear at the 15th day, and the final lens given after 45 days. The results
      obtained suggests that the technique is a very real alternative to intraocular
      lens implantation.

PMID- 3860561
TI  - Detection of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation by monoclonal antibodies:
      role of the DNA denaturation step.
AB  - Immunochemical detection of cells that incorporate 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd)
      requires prior denaturation of DNA in situ to make BrdUrd binding sites
      accessible to the antibodies. A technique is described in which the DNA
      denaturation step is facilitated by a) prior dissociation of histones from DNA
      and b) the use of low ionic strength buffer in which the cells are suspended
      during heating. Dissociation of histones is achieved by cell treatment with 0.08N
      HCl at 0 degree C, which a) increases accessibility of DNA to propidium iodide
      (and following the denaturation to the antibodies); b) lowers stability of DNA to
      thermal denaturation; c) decreases differences between various cell types due to
      variability in chromatin structure; and d) ensures more complete DNA
      denaturation. Cell heating (80-95 degrees C) at low ionic strength (1 mM Na+)
      eliminates the need for formamide and results in extensive and rapid DNA
      denaturation. The method was applied in Friend leukemia, L1210 and HL-60 cell
      lines, and to bone marrow, experimental animal tumor and primary human tumor
      cells.

PMID- 3860562
TI  - A recommended procedure for ultrastructural immunohistochemistry on small human
      tissue samples.
AB  - Various fixation and staining procedures for the demonstration of surface and
      cytoplasmic antigens have been described. An immunostaining procedure was sought
      that would allow the demonstration of these antigens, especially in small human
      tissue samples at the ultrastructural level. A modification and adaptation of the
      technique of Eldred, Zucker, Karten, and Yazula (J Histochem Cytochem 31:285,
      1983) was applied on several varieties of human tissue, including liver, skin,
      and lymphoid tissue, using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in an indirect
      peroxidase procedure. In this way a reliable and generally applicable procedure
      was developed that satisfied the following demands: Use of a universal fixative
      that allows preservation of the antigenicity of various antigens; Adequate
      penetration of the tissue by the immunological reagents; Optimal preservation of
      subcellular structures; and Possibility to store the tissue samples for
      considerable periods of time.

PMID- 3860564
TI  - CFU-gm colony formation of peripheral blood and bone marrow in adult acute
      leukemia at presentation, during remission, and at relapse.
AB  - Granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-gm) formation was studied
      simultaneously in bone marrow and peripheral blood of 52 previously untreated
      adult patients with acute non-lymphocytic (ANLL) and 36 with acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia (ALL). They were followed during induction therapy at monthly intervals
      while in remission and in 19 ANLL and 22 ALL cases, until relapse. Patients
      showing a decreased colony number in the marrow but normal or increased colony
      numbers in the peripheral blood had a high probability of entering remission. Non
      responding patients displayed an opposite pattern. The higher the degree of
      marrow repopulation with granulocytic progenitor cells after induction treatment,
      the longer remission duration and survival for ANLL patients and the longer
      survival for ALL patients. CFU-gm formation returned to normal in the early
      stages of complete remission, but then declined progressively. At ANLL and ALL
      relapse, colony growth was reduced markedly while cluster formation remained
      normal. The number of marrow colonies and clusters in ANLL were significantly
      higher at first and second relapse compared to the growth pattern at first
      presentation. A similar trend had been observed in ALL, suggesting a selection
      advantage.

PMID- 3860563
TI  - Structural requirements of immunoglobulin G for binding to the Fc gamma receptors
      of the human tumor cell lines U937, HL-60, ML-1, and K562.
AB  - Fc receptors (FcR) on U937, HL-60, ML-1, and K562 cells were characterized by
      using competitive binding assays and EA rosette inhibition studies. Like human
      monocytes, U937, HL-60, and ML-1 cells bound monomeric human IgG Fc with high
      affinity and mildly reduced and alkylated human IgG and Fc with a somewhat
      diminished affinity. In contrast, K562 cells had a much lower affinity for
      monomeric human IgG or Fc. Concentrations of these proteins as high as 10(-5) M
      were needed to completely block EA rosette formation. There was no binding of
      reduced and alkylated IgG and Fc. We assessed the influence of various segments
      of IgG on FcR interactions by using human pFc', rabbit Facb, mouse IgG2b-IgG2a
      hybrid Ig, and also studied the effect of reduction of the interchain disulfide
      bonds. The FcR on all four cell types bound rabbit IgG but not rabbit Facb or
      human pFc', suggesting that rabbit C gamma 3 domains are required for FcR
      interaction and that isolated human C gamma 3 domains do not have a human FcR
      binding site. Murine IgG2a, but not IgG2b, was cytophilic for U937, HL-60, and ML
      1 cells. Binding studies with the use of several mouse myeloma variant Ig
      molecules having hybrid gamma 2b-gamma 2a heavy chains showed that variants with
      a complete gamma 2a Fc region bound to these FcR-like IgG2a, whereas those having
      gamma 2a sequences only in the C gamma 3 region and in a short adjacent segment
      of the C gamma 2 region behaved like IgG2b and did not bind. These results
      suggested that additional murine gamma 2a sequences are required for FcR binding.
      Interestingly, the Fc fragments from murine proteins with a complete gamma 2a Fc
      region bound only to a limited extent. These fragments are shorter than the human
      IgG1 Fc fragments, and they lack that segment of the hinge region that includes
      the interchain disulfide bonds. Cleavage of the interchain disulfide bonds of
      murine Ig having a complete gamma 2a Fc region diminished binding to a similar
      extent as that observed with human IgG. Together, these findings provide
      additional insight into the roles of the hinge, C gamma 2, and C gamma 3 regions
      of human, rabbit, and mouse IgG in their interaction with the FcR of human tumor
      cells.

PMID- 3860565
TI  - [Comprehensive approach to cleft lip and palate at our University Hospital].

PMID- 3860566
TI  - [Temporary cementation of a bridge].

PMID- 3860567
TI  - [Questions and answers on hiring employees in the dentist's office].

PMID- 3860568
TI  - [To what extent can we keep our own teeth? Endodontic approach].

PMID- 3860569
TI  - [To what extent can we keep our own teeth? Periodontic approach].

PMID- 3860570
TI  - [To what extent can we keep our own teeth? Indications for extraction].

PMID- 3860571
TI  - [Check-up and diagnosis in endodontics].

PMID- 3860572
TI  - [Systematization of endodontics].

PMID- 3860573
TI  - [Endodontics and accidents].

PMID- 3860574
TI  - [Management of early phases of periodontal diseases].

PMID- 3860575
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of cystic diseases of the oral cavity].

PMID- 3860576
TI  - [Electron microscopic study on the structure and the function of the granulosa
      cell in the human ovary--ultrastructure and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      (3 beta-HSD) activity].
AB  - The cytodifferentiation, subcellular steroidogenic sites in the granulosa cell of
      the developing follicle were investigated using electron microscopic
      cytochemistry. The follicular cell in the primordial follicle already had a few
      lipid droplets. In the secondary follicle, the granulosa cell had a round
      nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, Golgi apparatus,
      microfilament, rod-shaped mitochondria with lamellar cristae and a small amount
      of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In particular, the granulosa cell in the
      preovulatory follicle considered to be a transitional form to the steroid
      secreting cell was characteristic of rough endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets,
      mitochondria with lamellar or tubular cristae and moderately well developed
      smooth endoplasmic reticulum. On the other hand, the granulosa cell in the
      postovulatory follicle revealed a typical steroid-secreting activity showing
      abundant lipid droplets, round mitochondria with tubular or vesicular cristae,
      well developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. Reaction products for
      3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) activity were localized on
      tubular or lamellar cristae and inner membrane of the mitochondria, and on the
      membrane of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the granulosa cell of the
      preovulatory as well as of the postovulatory follicle. From these facts, it is
      suggested that the granulosa cell in the preovulatory follicle already has a
      steroid-secreting activity and might play an important role in human
      reproduction.

PMID- 3860578
TI  - [Fundamental appraisal of orthodontic application of computed tomography].

PMID- 3860577
TI  - [Process of bone induction--bone induction factors].

PMID- 3860579
TI  - [Development of tooth germ culture and in vitro-in vivo tumorigenesis studies].

PMID- 3860580
TI  - [Studies on dental psychosomatic patients].

PMID- 3860581
TI  - [Evaluation of the effect of training dental students in health centers].

PMID- 3860582
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of bacterial colonization in the fissures of rat
      molars during eruption].

PMID- 3860583
TI  - [Analysis of sialograms: microradiograms of mouse parotid glands with reduced
      saliva excretion].

PMID- 3860584
TI  - [Effect of experimental cuspid rise on the masticatory system].

PMID- 3860585
TI  - Adenosine triphosphate degradation in specific disease.
AB  - Two hypotheses concerning adenosine triphosphate (ATP) degradation are examined:
      The metabolic basis of specific disorders involves ATP degradation, and uric acid
      and its precursors are measurable body fluid markers of ATP degradation. These
      hypotheses are examined by discussing human models of ATP degradation, methods
      for measurement of ATP degradation, and disorders of ATP degradation.

PMID- 3860586
TI  - Carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth. Preliminary results of a
      multidisciplinary approach.
AB  - Eighty-five patients (74 males, 11 females) with untreated squamous-cell
      carcinoma of the tongue (40 patients) and the floor of the mouth (45 patients)
      underwent a multidisciplinary treatment. FOLLOW-UP: 6-72 months (median 52
      months). T1-4N0M0 lesions (tongue; 32 patients; floor of mouth, 32 patients) were
      treated with cryosurgery (T1-2: 1-2 sessions, T3-4: 2-4 sessions) and
      contemporaneously with CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil) (T1-2:
      2 courses; T3-4: 3 courses). 15-20 days after the end of cryo-chemotherapy the
      patients underwent TCT (T1: 50 Gy to the tumour and lymph nodes; T2-3-4: same
      with an extra dose of 10-15 Gy to the primary lesion). T1-4N1-3M0 patients
      (tongue: 8, floor of mouth: 13) received the same cryotherapy and chemotherapy,
      followed by surgery (13 extended suprahyoid dissections, 8 conservative
      laterocervical dissections, 1 RND). The actuarial survival rate of patients with
      tongue tumours after 6 years was 81.4% (N0 87.1%; N+ 60.0%). Four months after
      treatment, 35 patients had reached complete remission (CR). The probability of
      remaining in CR for 6 years was 53.6% (N0 56.1%; N+ 50.0%). For tumours of the
      floor of the mouth the actuarial survival rate was 55.2% (N0 56.5%; N+ 48.6%).
      Four months after treatment, 38 patients had reached CR. The probability of
      remaining in CR for 6 years was 59.9% (N0 61.5%; N+ 59.3%). A controlled study is
      recommended in the light of these results and the conservative nature of the
      protocol.

PMID- 3860587
TI  - Immediate repair of mandibular defects following surgery for carcinoma of the
      lower alveolus and gingiva using a pectoralis major osteomyocutaneous flap.
AB  - During the two years from 1981 to 1983, a pectoralis major myocutaneous island
      skin flap, with the 5th rib or sternum, has been used for immediate repair of
      mandibular defects following surgery in five cases of carcinoma of the lower
      alveolus and gingiva. In these 5 patients with segmental and hemimandibulectomy,
      immediate mandibular reconstruction was performed simultaneously using a flap
      with the 5th rib or the sternum. Thereafter, in 3 of them, the contour and
      function of the mandible were restored by prosthetic appliances. In the remaining
      2 patients prostheses could not be used because of mandibular discontinuity due
      to removal of a portion of the graft because of postoperative infection and
      pseudo-arthrosis. Mandibular reconstruction using the osteomyocutaneous flap is
      advantageous in the restoration of the contour and function of the mandible. Some
      problems concerning the reconstruction will be reported.

PMID- 3860588
TI  - The superior orbital fissure syndrome.
AB  - The superior orbital fissure syndrome is a very rare condition, characterized by
      a fixed dilated pupil, ptosis and proptosis of the eye and ophthalmoplegia. We
      have had the opportunity to observe a number of such cases, and now report four
      of them.

PMID- 3860589
TI  - Delayed spontaneous retrobulbar haemorrhage. A case report.
AB  - Retrobulbar haemorrhage is an important complication. The extremely infrequent
      condition of a spontaneous haemorrhage occurring three days after the injury is
      presented.

PMID- 3860590
TI  - Total condylar prosthesis for alloplastic jaw articulation replacement.
AB  - Increasing attention has been paid to the development and testing of
      endoprostheses for the mandibular joint during the past few years. Theoretical
      considerations and knowledge of the compressive forces acting on this joint
      during rotational movements of the jaw induced us to concentrate our efforts on
      complete artificial joints right from the start. The clinical results obtained
      with individually-produced total endoprostheses made of Wisil for the mandibular
      joint are described. So far, 9 such artificial joints have been implanted in 6
      patients. The post-operative assessment of jaw function by the patients, the
      clinical findings, tooth load measurements and jaw tracing were used to estimate
      the success of treatment. A total mandibular joint prosthesis which is completely
      different in regard both to material and shape of the artificial condyle, based
      on the experience gained so far, is presented.

PMID- 3860591
TI  - Three dimensional digitization of the face and skull.
AB  - The possibility of using computer-aided design as a tool for the planning and
      simulation of facial reconstruction surgery is discussed and has been shown to be
      feasible. Methods of acquiring the essential measurements on the facial surface
      and the underlying bone structure in a computer-compatible form are described,
      including a new approach which has been implemented using a system of fanned
      laser beams and a television camera for data acquisition. A mathematical analysis
      of the properties of this kind of imaging system is given. Finally the
      requirements of a complete aid to surgery system based on this approach are
      outlined and plans for the implementation of such a system are described.

PMID- 3860592
TI  - Intratumoral ligation in the management of orofacial cavernous haemangiomas.
AB  - After a short comment on the essential data concerning the pathology, clinical
      aspects and treatment of orofacial haemangiomas, the author presents his own
      method of treatment by intratumoral ligation. He describes the technical details
      by which interception of the blood supply to the haemangioma is achieved and also
      breakdown of the angiomatous mass into segments by the occlusion of vascular
      channels, thus completely interrupting the intratumoral blood flow. Obstruction
      of vascular lumina, endothelial atrophy, blood clot organization in the small
      diverticula between them and also subsequent fibrous hyperplasia which take the
      place of the vascular hyperplasia ensue. The method was used in 31 cases of
      cavernous haemangioma in different sites; the results, with follow-up periods of
      1-8 years prove its efficacy.

PMID- 3860593
TI  - The importance of consistency in the classification of malignant tumours,
      illustrated by oral cancer material.
AB  - To evaluate the best treatment for the cancer patient, comparisons are often made
      between groups who have received different therapy. Such studies may be carried
      out within one hospital, but results from several hospitals may also be compared.
      It is therefore of the utmost importance that the groups/materials are selected
      according to the same criteria and classified and analysed by the same system and
      methods respectively. To illustrate this point, 125 cases of oral squamous cell
      carcinoma were classified according to two different systems, i.e. TNM 1973 and
      TNM 1978, but otherwise the material was similarly analyzed. The survival curves
      for stage I, II, III and IV78 were quite different from the corresponding curves
      of the 1973 system. The universal use of a simple, consistent classification
      system is recommended, and the effort to develop and improve the TNM system
      should continue.

PMID- 3860594
TI  - Osteosarcoma of the jaw bones. Analysis of 18 cases.
AB  - A series of 18 jaw osteosarcomas is reviewed. The ages of the 11 males and 7
      females ranged from 11 to 65 years with a mean age of 37.4 years. The maxilla was
      involved in 10 cases whereas the mandible was the site of disease in 8 patients.
      A widened periodontal space was an invariably present radiological feature in
      those patients in whom the tumour involved the tooth-bearing area of the jaw.
      Treatment consisted of radical surgery with incidental radiotherapy or
      chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy. The local recurrence rate was 36% whereas the
      rate of metastasis was 40%. A five year survival time free of disease was shown
      by 47%. Prognosis was found to be adversely influenced by a high age and a high
      grade of histological malignancy as determined by counting mitoses. Features that
      distinguish jaw osteosarcoma from tumours elsewhere in the skeleton are a higher
      mean age of occurrence, a lower rate of metastasis, a longer period of time
      before clinical manifestation of metastasis and a more favourable prognosis.
      Factors that could be responsible for this variation in behaviour are discussed.

PMID- 3860595
TI  - Stafne's mandibular lingual cortical defect. Discussion of aetiology.
AB  - The literature relevant to Stafne's mandibular lingual cortical defect is
      reviewed. Four case descriptions are added. Aetiological theories are discussed
      and an alternative hypothesis of circumscribed, localized bone atrophy due to
      relative ischaemia is proposed.

PMID- 3860596
TI  - Timing of palatal closure.
AB  - Three articles on the influence of timing of palatal closure on jaw development,
      ENT condition and speech are subjected to an overall evaluation. A number of
      questions are formulated, which are still to be answered before a well-founded
      decision on the timing of palatal surgery can be taken. The evidence presently
      available made the author conclude that the whole palate should be closed before
      the age of 18 months, at least if the development of speech has priority over
      development of the maxilla.

PMID- 3860597
TI  - The relation between cleavage lines and postoperative scars after repair of cleft
      lip.
AB  - The "rotation-advancement method" was used for primary repair of the incomplete
      cleft lip in six infants. The skin cleavage lines were visualized using the
      tissue ablated in the operation. On examining the relation between the post
      cheiloplasty scar formation and the direction of the cleavage lines, the scar
      remained less conspicuous where the incisions parallelled the cleavage lines but
      grew hypertrophic where the incisions crossed the cleavage lines.

PMID- 3860598
TI  - The TMJ dysfunction syndrome before and after sagittal split osteotomy of the
      rami.
AB  - 280 patients with different types of mandibular deformities (prognathism,
      retrognathia, open bite, asymmetry) had been operated on by sagittal split
      osteotomy of the rami. The patients, routinely checked preoperatively, were found
      to present subjective or objective TMJ dysfunction symptoms with an incidence of
      40.8%. After surgery the incidence of such symptoms in the same patients was
      11.1%. The patients with no TMJ dysfunction symptoms preoperatively, presented
      such symptoms with an incidence of 3.7% postoperatively, a percentage very low in
      comparison with other statistics.

PMID- 3860599
TI  - Non-union of fractures of the mandible.
AB  - Non-union of the mandible was evaluated over a twenty one year period (1960
      1980). Seven cases were found in a total of 853 examples--an incidence of 0.8
      percent. In this paper we examine these cases and review the literature
      concerning its incidence. Thereafter we present the different types of treatment
      and the results these produce in the management of non-union.

PMID- 3860600
TI  - [3H]Prostaglandin accumulation in vitro by baboon uterus.
AB  - Uteri from mature baboons at various stages of the menstrual cycle were collected
      at autopsy. Transverse slices of the uteri were incubated with [3H]prostaglandins
      in Tyrode's buffer. Bound and free ligands were separated by filtration.
      Prostaglandin (PG) accumulation by the tissue slices was evaluated as a function
      of incubation time, PG type and concentration, temperature, wet weight of tissue
      and stage of the menstrual cycle. There was no significant difference in PG
      accumulation in response to PG type (PGE2 or PGF2 alpha) or stage of the
      menstrual cycle. These results from baboon uteri were compared with those using
      baboon oviducts and also rabbit uteri and oviducts. Unlike the rabbit tissues,
      the baboon oviducts and uterine tissues did not exhibit specific net accumulation
      of prostaglandins.

PMID- 3860601
TI  - VLDL apolipoprotein B determination in blood serum following precipitation of LDL
      with polyvinylsulphate.
AB  - A method is described for the determination of VLDL apolipoprotein B by radial
      immunodiffusion (RID) in serum supernatants following precipitation of LDL with
      polyvinylsulphate. The measurement of VLDL apolipoprotein B is based on the
      incubation of the polyvinylsulphate supernatant with triglyceride lipase (330
      kU/l end concentration) for 12-24 hours at 37 degrees C. A good measure of
      agreement was found for the corresponding VLDL apolipoprotein B values measured
      by RID in the polyvinylsulphate supernatants (y) and VLDL apolipoprotein B values
      calculated as tetramethylurea-insoluble protein in the d less than 1.006 kg/l
      serum fraction (x) (r = 0.88, y = 0.96x + 0.004, n = 54). Within the tested range
      of 1.2 mmol/l to 6.7 mmol/l triglycerides, the concentration of apolipoprotein B
      measured in the polyvinylsulphate supernatant showed a linear relationship.
      Correlation analysis of VLDL apolipoprotein B values and serum triglycerides and
      VLDL cholesterol, respectively, showed a good correlation (r = 0.77 and r = 0.75,
      respectively, n = 54). In the determination of VLDL apolipoprotein B measured in
      polyvinylsulphate supernatant, a variation coefficient of 4.3% (means = 10.1
      mmol/l, n = 20) was found in relation to the precision in the series, and a
      variation coefficient of 11.4% (means = 5.3 mmol/l, n = 15) in relation to day to
      day precision.

PMID- 3860602
TI  - [A seroepidemiological study on Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women
      and neonates in Taiwan].

PMID- 3860603
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of type II alveolar cell response to acute lung injury].

PMID- 3860604
TI  - Studies on platelet aggregation in primary IgA glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3860605
TI  - Effect of branched chain amino acid-enriched amino acid solution on normalization
      of plasma amino acids in hepatic encephalopathy.

PMID- 3860606
TI  - Studies of platelet hyperactivity in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular
      diseases. I. Changes of platelet aggregation--emphasis on hypoaggregation in
      vitro secondary to hyperactivation in vivo.

PMID- 3860607
TI  - Accuracy of first-pass regional ejection fraction image and paradox image in
      detecting left ventricular aneurysm.

PMID- 3860608
TI  - [The role of adrenal scintigraphy in the localization of hypertension of adrenal
      origin--a comparison with CT].

PMID- 3860609
TI  - [Psychiatric disorders in hospitalized cancer patients--a study of 135 referrals
      with matched controls].

PMID- 3860611
TI  - An appraisal of different surgical techniques in the treatment of carotid
      cavernous fistula.

PMID- 3860610
TI  - [56 cases of acute cholecystitis--special reference to the aged].

PMID- 3860612
TI  - [A clinical study of psychosomatic cutaneous diseases].

PMID- 3860613
TI  - Neuroblastoma in children--an analysis of 32 patients.

PMID- 3860614
TI  - [An unusual adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in the mandible resembling a cyst--a
      case report].

PMID- 3860615
TI  - [Determination of ergotamine in flour by high performance liquid chromatography].

PMID- 3860616
TI  - [A study on antithrombin III in nephrotics].

PMID- 3860617
TI  - [A comparative study of carteolol and propranolol on exercise performance in
      patients with chronic stable angina pectoris].

PMID- 3860618
TI  - Studies of platelet hyperactivity in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular
      diseases. II. Circulating platelet aggregates following cerebral stroke.

PMID- 3860619
TI  - [An electro-oculographic study of oculomotor abnormalities in Parkinson's
      disease].

PMID- 3860620
TI  - The result of the treatment of thyroid cancer. A retrospective study.

PMID- 3860621
TI  - Venous bypass surgery for chronic deep venous thrombosis.

PMID- 3860622
TI  - [Crimes of violence by mentally disordered offenders].

PMID- 3860623
TI  - [End results of Pridie operation for arthritic knees].

PMID- 3860624
TI  - [Fine needle aspiration biopsy of orbital tumors].

PMID- 3860625
TI  - Genetic analysis in Streptomyces chrysomallus.
AB  - A circular linkage map was developed for Streptomyces chrysomallus, a producer of
      actinomycin C. The map order of various marker loci was deduced from matings and
      to a minor extent from protoplast fusions. The map strongly resembles that of
      Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). The recombination frequencies were low and highly
      variable (from 10(-9) to 5 X 10(-6]. Plasmid pIJ303 expressed its thiostrepton
      resistance gene in S. chrysomallus but did not promote chromosomal transfer or
      induce the Ltz+ phenotype. The data provide a background of genetics for
      investigations of antibiotic synthesis in this strain.

PMID- 3860626
TI  - Ia antigens and Fc receptors of mouse peritoneal macrophages as determinants of
      susceptibility to lactic dehydrogenase virus.
AB  - The relationship between susceptibility of mouse peritoneal macrophages to lactic
      dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) infection and expression of I region-coded
      antigens (Ia) on these cells was investigated. The proportion of Ia-positive
      cells in resident peritoneal macrophages from adult and suckling mice were 4 to
      10% and 50 to 70% respectively. Approximately the same percentage of the cells
      were susceptible to LDV, as detected by fluorescent antibody staining. In adult
      mice, double-labelling experiments showed that most of the Ia-positive cells were
      LDV-infected. When the cells were cultured for more than 24 h in vitro, Ia
      positive cells rapidly disappeared and the culture became resistant to LDV.
      Removal of Ia-positive cells by treatment with anti-Ia plus complement or
      enrichment using an anti-Ia-coated Petri dish simultaneously removed or enriched
      for LDV-susceptible cells. Treatment of cells with trypsin (1 mg/ml) removed
      their I-A and I-E antigens and simultaneously abolished susceptibility for LDV.
      When LDV was preincubated with subneutralizing amounts of antibody, infectivity
      for macrophages was enhanced and the proportion of LDV-infected cells was higher
      than that of Ia-positive cells. This suggests that Fc receptors on macrophages
      can act as receptors for LDV coated with antiviral IgG.

PMID- 3860627
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis in a familial form of male pseudohermaphroditism due to 17
      keto reductase deficiency].
AB  - In an infant considered at birth as a female but with easily palpable gonads in
      the labia major, the XY karyotype and the endocrine studies (determination of
      plasma levels of steroid hormones under basal conditions and during hCG
      stimulation) were consistent with the diagnosis of male pseudohermaphroditism due
      to 17-keto reductase deficiency. During the second pregnancy an amniocentesis
      revealed a 46 XY karyotype. Endocrine studies performed on the amniotic fluid at
      midgestation suggested that the fetus was affected by the same enzyme defect.
      After birth, the diagnosis was demonstrated with anatomical an endocrine studies.

PMID- 3860628
TI  - Eye-blink rate in Tourette's syndrome.
AB  - Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome is a hyperkinetic movement disorder in which an
      etiological role for dopaminergic hyperactivity has been proposed. Blink rate, a
      putative correlate of central dopamine activity, is commonly held to be elevated
      in Tourette's syndrome, a finding that would be consistent with the "dopamine"
      hypothesis of this disorder. In 19 patients who had Tourette's syndrome, however,
      blink rates during placebo treatment were identical with those of 49 index
      controls during reading and quiet sitting. Blink rate did correlate, however,
      with both the number and severity of tics. Pimozide treatment did not reduce
      blinking in the patients. It should be noted that nine of the patients were
      adolescents for whom there were not adequate age-matched controls, a fact which
      could obscure a blink rate elevation in this group. Insofar as blink rate is a
      putative correlate of central dopamine activity, these results are not consistent
      with elevated brain dopamine activity in adult patients who have Tourette's
      syndrome.

PMID- 3860630
TI  - Long-term survival in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: follow-up of a
      Southeastern Cancer Study Group trial.
AB  - Current observation was obtained for adults treated on a protocol for acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia, which was open from 1972 to 1978, in order to determine
      the long-term outcome and to evaluate potential prognostic factors. Long-term
      survival (five + years) was seen in 32% (25/79) of patients who achieved complete
      remission; 16/79 remain in first remission and 2/79 are currently in second
      remission. Young age (less than 40) and female sex were significant prognostic
      factors for long-term survival, but the basis for this advantage is unclear.
      Further improvements in chemotherapy are needed.

PMID- 3860629
TI  - Sequential high-dose cytosine arabinoside-asparaginase treatment in advanced
      childhood leukemia.
AB  - Sequential high-dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) and asparaginase were given to
      41 children age six months to 21 years of age with advanced leukemia. Ten of 22
      patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and eight of 19 patients with
      acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) obtained complete remissions. The most
      significant toxicity seen was infection in 22 patients. In addition, patients
      given intrathecal chemotherapy within 24 hours of ara-C developed neurologic
      toxicity. The high response rate seen in these patients with advanced leukemia
      indicates that a trial of this regimen is warranted in children with less
      advanced ALL and ANLL.

PMID- 3860631
TI  - Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in adult acute leukemia: clinical clues to its
      diagnosis.
AB  - Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in
      patients with acute leukemia, is difficult to diagnose antemortem because its
      signs and symptoms are ill-defined. To refine the clinical description of this
      infection, we reviewed our experience with 15 pathologically documented cases of
      invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a population of 60 patients treated for acute
      leukemia. Findings occurring significantly more often (P less than or equal to
      .001) among cases than controls included pleuritic chest pain; acute sinus
      tenderness, and nasal discharge, epistaxis and eschar; rales; development of
      multilobar infiltrates after the 14th hospital day; and presence of nodular or
      cavitary infiltrates. In addition, patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
      had a significantly prolonged duration of granulocytopenia, more febrile days and
      febrile episodes without a fever diagnosis and more febrile days on antibiotics
      (P less than or equal to .001 in all). This complex of findings should improve
      the clinician's ability to diagnose invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients
      with acute leukemia.

PMID- 3860632
TI  - The importance of replication of clinical nursing research.

PMID- 3860633
TI  - Correlational study: nurses' subjective perceptions of depression and objective
      ratings.

PMID- 3860634
TI  - Validity and reliability of the hypertensive adult assessment guide.

PMID- 3860635
TI  - The genetic distance between the coagulation factor IX gene and the locus for the
      fragile X syndrome: clinical implications.
AB  - In 3 families with the fragile-X [fra(X)] syndrome, we have identified a minimum
      of 4 recombinations in 9 meioses between the syndrome locus and the coagulation
      Factor IX gene. Two Factor IX intragenic restriction fragment length
      polymorphisms (RFLPs), produced with TaqI and XmnI, were used as markers. In lod
      score calculations, incomplete penetrance of the fra(X) mutation in males and
      females was taken into account by the computer program LIPED. The cumulative
      maximum lod score calculated from these data and from data previously reported
      was 2.75 at a recombination frequency of 20% (theta = 0.20). This indicates that
      the genetic distance between the Factor IX gene and the fra(X) locus is too great
      for Factor IX probes to be used alone for carrier detection in the fra(X)
      syndrome. Additional polymorphic loci more tightly linked to the fra(X) syndrome
      locus are required.

PMID- 3860636
TI  - Myopathy in debrancher enzyme deficiency.

PMID- 3860637
TI  - Studies of a family manifesting premature exfoliation of deciduous teeth.
AB  - We report observations made on a family in which the children manifested
      premature exfoliation of the deciduous incisors and canines beginning as early as
      1.5 years of age. We observed gingival recession, alveolar bone resorption, tooth
      loosening and exfoliation without apical root resorption in the absence of
      clinical signs of inflammation. The children's mother, age 26, had a normal
      periodontium, but the father, age 30, had periodontitis of moderate severity.
      Exfoliated deciduous teeth from one of the children were examined histologically
      and features characteristic for hypophosphatasia were seen. However, localized
      prepubertal periodontitis could not be ruled out from these data alone. The
      differential diagnoses for this type of condition are discussed.

PMID- 3860638
TI  - An unusual presentation of metastatic carcinoma involving the periodontium.
AB  - A case of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma involving the mandibular
      periodontium of a 36-year-old female is presented. The diffuse gingival
      enlargement from premolar to premolar was quite unusual, and other conditions
      were considered in the clinical differential diagnosis. Histopathologic
      evaluation of the gingival lesion showed a poorly differentiated carcinoma which
      appeared morphologically similar to earlier metastatic lesions of the nasal fossa
      and brain.

PMID- 3860639
TI  - Inhibition of 5 beta-dihydrocortisone reduction in rat liver cytosol: a rapid
      spectrophotometric screen for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug potency.
AB  - The purified NAD(P)-linked 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of rat liver
      cytosol is powerfully inhibited by the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in
      rank-order of their therapeutic potency. This observation has now been developed
      into a rapid screen for predicting the potency of these agents. The screening
      method requires the preparation of a rat liver cytosol and access to a recording
      spectrophotometer. By monitoring the NADPH-linked reduction of 5 beta
      dihydrocortisone catalyzed by these cytosols in the presence of nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs, a high correlation between their log IC50 values for this
      reaction with their recommended daily dose in humans can be obtained (r = 0.960;
      n = 10; p greater than 0.0001). This correlation scans four orders of magnitude
      and demonstrates the value of this method for screening the potency of these
      drugs. This method is superior to traditional predictive methods (e.g.,
      measurement of cyclooxygenase inhibition), since this assay measures the change
      in absorbance of a pyridine nucleotide over 5 min and is considerably more rapid
      than the extraction, separation, and quantitation of prostaglandins. The method
      does not require enzyme purification, and the cytosol, which can be prepared in a
      matter of hours, can be stored at -80 degrees C and used routinely for screening
      purposes.

PMID- 3860640
TI  - Endomyocardial biopsy in pediatric oncology: implications for nursing.

PMID- 3860641
TI  - Anthracycline cardiomyopathy: pathophysiology and case reports.

PMID- 3860642
TI  - Influence of mediators of anaphylaxis on collateral ventilation and the lung
      periphery of the dog.
AB  - The relative activities of three bronchoconstrictive mediators of anaphylaxis,
      prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGF2 alpha and histamine, were investigated in
      anesthetized dogs using two different measures of peripheral lung reactivity:
      resistance to flow through collateral airways (Rcoll) and dynamic lung compliance
      (Cdyn). In the collateral system, the three agonists exhibited approximately 3
      fold differences in their relative activities when administered by rapid
      injection into the superior vena cava, with PGD2 greater than PGF2 alpha greater
      than histamine. PGD2 was approximately three times more active than PGF2 alpha in
      reducing Cdyn, whereas responses to PGF2 alpha and histamine were equivalent.
      These relationships were unchanged in vagotomized animals. Pretreatment with
      atropine (1 mg/kg) significantly attenuated changes in Rcoll, but had only small
      and inconsistent effects on changes in Cdyn. Although the time to initial
      response in both measures of peripheral airways reactivity was similar, the time
      to maximal response in Rcoll was approximately twice that of Cdyn. In lung
      parenchymal strips, the rank order of contractile activity of the three mediators
      was opposite that observed in the peripheral airways in vivo. These data
      demonstrate that airflow through the collateral system can be modulated by
      mediators of anaphylaxis in the pulmonary circulation and suggest that such
      mediators may influence ventilation/perfusion relationships in the lung periphery
      through their differential effects on peripheral airways and other parenchymal
      contractile elements. The present study also indicates that the determinants of
      flow through the collateral system exhibit certain basic pharmacologic and
      physiologic differences from those of Cdyn and suggests that these two measures
      of peripheral airways reactivity are not equivalent.

PMID- 3860644
TI  - The "slush" technique in construction of intranasal stents.

PMID- 3860643
TI  - Use of intraoral prostheses in external beam radiation of oral and perioral
      cancer.
AB  - An intraoral prosthesis can be used to position and immobilize tissues in beam
      directed radiation therapy for cancer. The prosthesis stabilizes oral structures
      within the treatment field to permit improve control of field size and thus spare
      tissues that do not require treatment. The use of an oral prosthesis diminishes
      both early and late complications of radiation treatment. The prostheses can be
      used to advantage in conjunction with free-hand and precision methods for the
      orientation of patients.

PMID- 3860645
TI  - Management of patients with acute temporomandibular joint disorders.

PMID- 3860646
TI  - Relationships between jaw pain and jaw muscle contraction level: underlying
      factors and treatment effectiveness.
AB  - EMG representations of jaw muscle contraction levels were measured in dental
      patients with TMJ problems in addition to history and physical evidence of
      bruxing and clenching, TMJ problems alone, bruxing and clenching, and no pain.
      Patients with TMJ problems plus bruxing/clenching had EMG levels similar to those
      with clenching and bruxing problems alone. These levels were far higher than
      those in the groups with similarly low TMJ problems alone and with no pain. The
      pain groups were normal for anxiety level and life stress. Although a third of
      the patients produced a conversion V pattern on the MMPI, no effect was seen on
      treatment effectiveness. All but a few of the mixed TMJ problem/bruxism/clenching
      patients and of the bruxism/clenching patients showed considerable reduction in
      pain through use of treatment oriented toward muscle tension awareness and
      relaxation. The group with TMJ problems and normal masseter muscle tension made
      little progress.

PMID- 3860647
TI  - Working condylar movement and its effects on posterior occlusal morphology.
AB  - The movement of the mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary left first molar was
      studied in the frontal and horizontal planes. The movement was studied while
      varying the top wall, rear wall, and incisal guidance on the articulator. It can
      be concluded that the top wall inclination may significantly influence movement
      of the mesisolingual cusp of the maxillary first molar during working mandibular
      movement, the rear wall inclination has less influence than top wall inclination
      on cusp movement during a working mandibular movement, and the working side
      condylar movement should be considered when evaluating or restoring the
      dentition.

PMID- 3860648
TI  - Thickness and marking characteristics of occlusal registration strips.

PMID- 3860649
TI  - Quantization of nickel and beryllium leakage from base metal casting alloys.

PMID- 3860650
TI  - Technique for cementation of provisional restorations.
AB  - A technique for cementation of a provisional resin splint or crown has been
      presented. The splint is lubricated with silicone grease and cemented with a
      noneugenol cement mixed with antibiotic ointment. The grease aids in the complete
      removal of the cement. The use of a sterile composite resin syringe and preloaded
      disposable tip allows delivery of the grease to the splint with minimal chance of
      bacterial cross contamination to the patient.

PMID- 3860651
TI  - Evaluation of a new epoxy resin die material.

PMID- 3860652
TI  - Analysis of the lateral condylar adjustment of nonarcon semiadjustable
      articulators.
AB  - An analysis of the lateral condylar inclination adjustment of the slot-track
      semiadjustable articulator was performed by using a fully adjustable articulator
      as a simulated patient. Pantographic tracings were made and transferred to the
      semiadjustable articulator. The lateral condylar inclination of the articulator
      was then rotated to allow it to follow the pantographic tracings as closely as
      possible. The results indicate that the Hanau formula or an arbitrary setting of
      15 to 20 degrees does not provide the most accurate articulator setting possible.

PMID- 3860653
TI  - Bite force discrimination by individuals with complete dentures.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences existed in
      interincisor bite force discrimination between a group of subjects wearing
      complete dentures and a group of dentate individuals. It was hypothesized that
      biting force is monitored at least in part by the sensory mechanism within the
      PDL and that the absence of the PDL would result in reduced bite force
      discrimination. A specially designed strain gauge scale was constructed for the
      measurement of bite force. Bite force discrimination was assessed at three
      different standards including 500, 1000, and 3000 gm. Data analysis revealed
      that, overall, bite force discrimination was not significantly different for the
      two groups. However, at the lightest standard of 500 gm, the dentate group
      performed significantly better (p less than .05) than the denture wearers. It is
      concluded that the sensory system within the PDL plays a role in monitoring bite
      force discrimination.

PMID- 3860654
TI  - Freedom of choice for restorative dentistry with or without anesthesia.

PMID- 3860655
TI  - Technique for constructing custom thumb-chewing guards.

PMID- 3860656
TI  - Evaluation of condylar position from temporomandibular joint radiographs.

PMID- 3860657
TI  - Quality assessment of amalgam and inlay restorations on posterior teeth: a
      retrospective study.
AB  - This study was designed to assess and compare the quality of posterior proximo
      occlusal amalgam and inlay restorations relative to type of restoration
      (material, surfaces involved, and cusp protection) and length of service of the
      restorations. A clinical evaluation system based on operationally defined and
      clinically important criteria was used. Clinically and statistically significant
      differences were found between overall ratings for amalgam and inlay restorations
      and between small (two-surface) amalgam and inlay restorations, as well as
      between larger (three-surface) amalgam and inlay restorations. In all cases,
      inlay restorations were of higher quality. A not acceptable rating for marginal
      integrity was the most frequent reason for not acceptable overall ratings. There
      was no difference in satisfactory/not acceptable ratings for inlay restorations
      with or without protected cusps (p = .95).

PMID- 3860658
TI  - Bacteriologic study of a basic fuchsin caries-disclosing dye.

PMID- 3860659
TI  - Structural effects of bleaching on tetracycline-stained vital rat teeth.

PMID- 3860660
TI  - Denture plaque control and inflammation in the edentulous patient.
AB  - The relationship between denture base plaque and mucosal inflammation under
      complete dentures was tested by clinical comparison with the PTI and a comparable
      plaque-scoring technique. Two treatment groups, one of which practiced tissue
      brushing only and the other denture-brushing only, were compared with a control
      group with regard to mucosal inflammation and denture plaque score. Significant
      reduction in inflammation occurred, although no reduction in denture base plaque
      score was found. The effect of denture plaque on denture stomatitis and the
      efficacy of denture-brushing as a plaque removal technique is challenged.

PMID- 3860661
TI  - Assessing effective obturation.
AB  - The use of lung function tests and sequential radiography appear to be suitable
      complementary methods of contrasting the effectiveness of obturator prostheses
      provided in the management of maxillectomy patients. The creation of an oral
      seal, demonstrable by normal subjects during swallowing and in the production of
      certain speech sounds, appears to be unobtainable in the management of
      maxillectomy. Effective obturation produces sufficient separation of the oral
      cavity from the nasal cavity to permit efficient swallowing and intelligible
      speech. These two methods also offer simple means to evaluate subjective
      experiences of the patient.

PMID- 3860662
TI  - Modification of surgical obturators to interim prostheses.

PMID- 3860663
TI  - Modified stock-eye ocular prosthesis.
AB  - A technique for the use of modified prefabricated eyes was described. When
      properly used, many of the limitations attributed to prefabricated eyes can be
      overcome. This technique allows the proper positioning of the iris while
      simultaneously recording an impression of the ocular defect tissue bed. This
      technique permits the finished ocular prosthesis to generate an equal
      distribution of pressure throughout the defect, while increasing its movement due
      to excellent adaptation to the walls of the socket. Although a custom-eye
      technique may still be necessary for some, most patients can be treated with the
      modified prefabricated-eye technique with excellent results.

PMID- 3860664
TI  - Hollow obturator with removable lid.
AB  - Hollowing the obturator reduces the weight of the prosthesis. Closed and open
      hollow obturator prosthesis each have their particular benefits. However, the
      obturator with a removable lid has its benefits also, and the advantages have
      been described.

PMID- 3860665
TI  - Studying reports of women medical students on their eating disorders.

PMID- 3860666
TI  - [The clinical significance of CA125 in patients with gynecological tumors--a
      comparative study on CA125 and other tumor markers].
AB  - Serum CA125 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay patients with various
      gynecological tumors. Elevated levels of CA125 were detected in the serum of
      patients with malignant ovarian tumors. Among patients with uterine tumors, CA125
      levels were elevated in those with malignant uterine tumors, but not with uterine
      myomas. The correlations between tumor markers (CA125, IAP, ferritin, PTA) and
      malignant ovarian tumors were measured, and only CA125 levels were found to
      correlate with progression or regression of the disease in patients with
      malignant ovarian tumors. These results suggest that CA125 may be a useful marker
      for monitoring the response to treatment in patients with malignant ovarian
      tumors.

PMID- 3860667
TI  - [Flow cytometric dual-parameter analysis of human leukemic cells using monoclonal
      anti-BrdUrd antibody].
AB  - A more precise analysis of cell kinetics can be made the simultaneous flow
      cytometric measurement of cellular DNA content and amount of incorporated BrdUrd,
      using propidium iodide and a monoclonal antibody to BrdUrd. We applied this
      technique to the cell kinetic analysis of leukemic cells obtained from a 62-year
      old woman with AML. A computer analysis of a DNA distribution histogram provided
      the percentage of cells in each phase of the cell cycle, i.e., G1: 73.3%, S:
      19.6%, and G2M: 7.1%. In contrast, 12.7% of the total cell population
      incorporated BrdUrd, but more active DNA synthesizing cells comprised only 3%.
      Some fractions of cells that have DNA content corresponding to that of S phase
      cells incorporated little BrdUrd. Most of the S phase cells were in the early or
      late S phase, and their DNA synthesis rate was very low.

PMID- 3860668
TI  - [Treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia with concurrent administration of N4
      behenoyl-ara-C, aclacinomycin A, 6-mercaptopurine and prednisolone].

PMID- 3860669
TI  - [Gas producing cellulitis in a case with acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

PMID- 3860670
TI  - [Acute leukemia with different cytochemical findings in bone marrow and lymph
      node].

PMID- 3860671
TI  - [A case of acute myelocytic leukemia complicated with intracerebral leukemic
      tumor].

PMID- 3860672
TI  - [Acute lymphocytic leukemia, complicated with generalized cryptococcosis
      successfully treated by amphotericin B; a case report].

PMID- 3860673
TI  - [An autopsy case of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia after a long-term follow-up].

PMID- 3860674
TI  - [Candidiasis of the liver in two patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia
      during initial remission induction].

PMID- 3860675
TI  - [T1 value of hyperplastic and hypoplastic bone marrow--preliminary report].

PMID- 3860676
TI  - [A study on normal 67Ga distribution pattern on early 67Ga scintigraphy].

PMID- 3860677
TI  - Determination and significance of a new carbohydrate antigen CA19-9 in digestive
      system cancers.
AB  - To assess the diagnostic significance of CA19-9, the serum levels in 225 healthy
      subjects, 201 patients with cancers, 423 patients with benign diseases and 21
      pregnant women, were determined by RIA. The mean CA19-9 level of the healthy
      subjects was 11.2 +/- 0.4 U/ml (range, 6-100 U/ml). Only 3.1% of them were above
      37 U/ml. The CA19-9 levels were elevated above 37 U/ml in 7.9% of 293 patients
      with non-carcinomatous diseases of the digestive system. Among digestive system
      cancers, elevated levels were found in 18.2% of 11 patients with esophageal
      cancer, 42.7% of 68 patients with gastric cancer, 39.1% of 23 patients with
      colorectal cancer, 27.8% of 18 patients with primary hepatic cancer, 71.4% of 35
      patients with biliary cancer, and 75% of 20 patients with pancreatic cancer. Most
      of the patients with levels above 100 U/ml had carcinomatous diseases. The CA19-9
      positive rates for patients with gastric cancer and colorectal cancer were
      extremely low at stages I, II and III, while in patients at stage IV and in
      patients with recurrent cancer, a tendency for rapid increase in the positive
      rates and concentrations of CA19-9 was noted. Based on combination assay of CA19
      9, CEA and ferritin, in comparison with the positive rates for CA19-9 alone, it
      was found that the rates were raised to 42.7% in gastric cancer, to 39.1% in
      colorectal cancer, and to 71.4% in biliary cancer, suggesting the simultaneous
      determination with these tumor markers may serve to elevate their usefulness.

PMID- 3860678
TI  - Application of a job-exposure matrix to a case-control study of lung cancer.
AB  - Interview information was obtained on primary and secondary occupations for 261
      male lung cancer patients and 444 controls residing on the island of Oahu, HI.
      With the use of a computerized job-exposure matrix (JEM), exposure levels were
      assigned to each subject for each of 5 known and 2 likely lung carcinogens. A
      multiple logistic regression model was used to compute the odds ratio (OR) for
      exposure to each carcinogen, adjusted for age, ethnicity, and pack-years of
      smoking. On the basis of the criterion of either a dose-response effect or a
      statistically significant OR (P less than .05) or both, 5 of the 7 carcinogens (4
      of the 5 known carcinogens) were found to be associated with lung cancer risk.
      However, on the basis of the single criterion of a significant OR, only 3 of the
      7 carcinogens (2 of the 5 known carcinogens) were associated with lung cancer
      risk. Due to its relative insensitivity, this JEM may have limited usefulness in
      the identification of exposure-disease relationships and should not be applied
      uncritically.

PMID- 3860679
TI  - Multiple cancer--an epidemiologic exercise in Finland.
AB  - The material of the Finnish Cancer Registry from 1953-79 (279,745 cancer
      patients, 774,518 person-yr at risk) was analyzed for the occurrence of multiple
      cancer. There were 5,871 new primary cancers in the series (excluding the first
      12 mo from diagnosis of the first cancer). A positive association between cancers
      with similar etiology could be demonstrated, e.g., between cancers of the lip,
      larynx, and lung (smoking) and between cancers of the breast and endometrium
      (hormones, reproductive history). Clustering of different risk factors resulted,
      e.g., in an excess risk of colon cancer among female breast cancer patients (risk
      factors in both cancers are prevalent particularly in higher-social classes).
      Differences in the distribution of the risk factors resulted in risk deficits,
      e.g., low relative risk of lung cancer among male colon cancer patients (the
      prevalence of smoking was highest in the lower-social classes and the prevalence
      of risk factors in colon cancer was highest in the higher-social classes). The
      risk of leukemia was increased among patients with cancers of the breast,
      endometrium, and thyroid (possibly due to irradiation). There was a high relative
      risk of salivary gland cancer among patients with skin cancer other than melanoma
      or basal cell carcinoma in both sexes. The relative risk of a new primary cancer
      decreased with increasing age at diagnosis of the first cancer. The length of
      follow-up was positively associated with the relative risk of many cancers,
      although this finding was not as consistent as that with age.

PMID- 3860680
TI  - Direct analysis of differentiation proteins in normal and leukemic human
      granulocytes by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The feasibility of the use of reverse-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography (RP-HPLC) for detecting differences in the protein phenotypes of
      highly purified fractions of normal and chronic myelogenous leukemic (CML) mature
      granulocytes isolated from peripheral blood was determined. At least 21 protein
      peaks were consistently and reproducibly detected in the RP-HPLC profiles of
      acetonitrile-trifluoroacetic acid extracts of normal granulocytes. This assay
      takes only 60 minutes to perform and can be done on 4 X 10(6) granulocytes
      (approximately the number of granulocytes in 1 ml normal blood). Furthermore,
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis of the RP-HPLC fractions provides a
      second dimension to the analysis of the polypeptide pattern of these cell
      lysates. Analyses of subcellular fractions by these methods revealed that most of
      the major peaks in the RP-HPLC profiles of intact granulocytes originate mainly
      from the granule and membrane fractions. Although the protein phenotypes of
      mature granulocytes were remarkably uniform among normal individuals, those of
      mature granulocytes obtained from the blood of CML patients were consistently
      abnormal and varied considerably among individual patients. The results indicate
      that the approach used here could have useful application in the study of
      abnormal granulocyte differentiation in leukemia.

PMID- 3860681
TI  - Long-term-cultured colon epithelial cell lines from individuals with and without
      colon cancer genotypes.
AB  - In 1982 the characteristics of the first epithelial line established from normal
      human colon mucosa were reported. The purpose of this report is to describe 5
      additional lines established from individuals with and without genotypes
      associated with genetic predisposition for colon cancer [1 familial polyposis
      coli (FPC) patient, 1 hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) patient, 2
      clinically normal individuals (each at risk for one of these autosomal dominant
      syndromes), and 1 clinically normal individual without any family history of
      cancer]. The cultured cell lines had the morphologic features associated with
      epithelium as previously described in the 1982 report. The cell lines derived
      from genetically (FPC or HNPCC) predisposed individuals had three distinctive
      characteristics as compared to those derived from individuals without a family
      history of colon cancer: 1) a higher saturation density (P less than .01); 2)
      increased in vitro tetraploidy, an in vitro biomarker associated with genetic
      predisposition for colon cancer; and 3) a higher concentration of
      carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA) in their conditioned culture medium (P less than
      .01). Lines derived from normal individuals at risk for the same syndromes were
      found to have an increased risk status on the first two characteristics. However,
      the level of CEA did not increase in their culture media, which suggested that
      the increase in CEA was related to mucosal changes occurring in the preneoplastic
      sequence in colon cancer.

PMID- 3860682
TI  - Screening geographic areas for unusual survival experience or stage at diagnosis
      with application to breast and colon cancer.
AB  - An approach was devised for the problem of detecting geographic areas with poor
      survival for cancer patients. Methods were proposed to deal with the two major
      sources of variability in summary survival measures for geographic areas: the
      distribution of prognostic factors for individuals within an area and random
      variation. In addition, small geographic areas often had to be combined so that a
      sufficient number of cases could be obtained in each area for calculation of
      survival statistics, and a procedure for doing so was developed. Then stage
      specific and overall 5-year survival estimates for each geographic area were
      converted to standardized normal deviates so that outlying observations could be
      detected using the theory of normal-order statistics. A similar approach was used
      to determine which geographic areas had unusually high proportions of advanced
      disease at diagnosis. Our outlier detection procedure was designed for screening
      available data for geographic areas possibly deserving further study rather than
      for concluding that survival or staging was substandard in those areas. Methods
      were applied to data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)
      Program for breast and colon cancer. For each cancer site, some geographic areas
      were identified with unusual survival or stage distributions.

PMID- 3860683
TI  - Distribution of copper among components of human serum.
AB  - We examined the distribution of copper among four components of human serum
      separated by chromatography on Sephadex G-150 and Affi-gel blue. Analysis of
      copper by furnace atomic absorption indicated that normal adults have copper at
      an average of 600 ng/ml associated with ceruloplasmin; at 120 ng/ml with
      transcuprein, a new copper transport protein; at 150 ng/ml with albumin; and at
      90 ng/ml with one to three components of low molecular weight (less than 30,000).
      Cancer patients had more total copper but similar proportions in the four serum
      fractions. In both groups, some individuals had very high levels of copper in
      transcuprein, albumin, and/or one or more components of the low-molecular-weight
      fraction. The results showed that, contrary to earlier conclusions, ceruloplasmin
      copper only comprised about 60% of the total in human serum; and not just
      ceruloplasmin but also other forms of serum copper may be elevated in cancer
      patients.

PMID- 3860684
TI  - Stimulatory and inhibitory activities of lung-conditioned medium on the growth of
      normal and neoplastic cells in vitro.
AB  - Lung-conditioned medium (LCM) was obtained by incubation of BALB/c mouse lung
      tissue fragments in serum-free Eagle medium for 48 hours and subsequent
      separation by dialysis or chromatography on a Sephadex G-75 column. LCM fractions
      were tested for their ability to modulate proliferation of normal human
      endothelial cells and neoplastic cells (N2a, MCF, HEp-2) in vitro as assessed by
      plating efficiency and tritiated thymidine incorporation assays. It was found
      that LCM contained two kinds of factors, either stimulating (molecular weight:
      50,000-70,000) or inhibiting (molecular weight: 12,000-20,000 and 3,000-5,000)
      cell proliferation.

PMID- 3860686
TI  - Inhibition of B16-BL6 melanoma growth in mice by methionine-enkephalin.
AB  - The antitumor effect of methionine-enkephalin [( Met]enkephalin) was demonstrated
      in C57BL/6J mice inoculated with B16-BL6 melanoma cells. Local subcutaneous tumor
      growth was inhibited with a 50-micrograms dose daily for 7 or 14 days. The
      antitumor effect of [Met]enkephalin was inhibited by the administration of the
      opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. Naloxone alone had no significant effect on
      tumor growth.

PMID- 3860685
TI  - Susceptibility of mammary tumor cells to complement-mediated cytolysis after in
      vitro or in vivo fatty acid manipulation.
AB  - The susceptibility of line 168 murine mammary tumor cells to complement (C)
      mediated lysis was tested after in vitro treatment with several saturated or
      unsaturated fatty acids dissolved in different solvents or presented in the form
      of micelles to the cells. The lytic susceptibility of these cultured cells was
      compared with similar tumor cells obtained either from mice maintained on diets
      containing different concentrations and saturations of fatty acids or from
      cultures supplemented with serum from tumor-free control mice fed pair-matched
      diets. Although changes in dietary fat concentration and saturation resulted in
      alterations of the tumor cell fatty acid composition, those alterations did not
      influence the susceptibility of tumor cells to C-mediated lysis. However, single,
      or combinations of, unsaturated fatty acids dissolved in ethanol, unlike
      saturated fatty acids, reduced the lytic susceptibility of tumor cells in vitro.
      Hexane added to culture medium significantly suppressed the lytic susceptibility;
      however, when used as a carrier no significant differences were observed among
      treatments with the individual fatty acids at several concentrations. This result
      may be due to the effect of hexane on the cell membrane because this treatment
      also affected the osmotic fragility of the cells. Fatty acids as micelles did not
      influence the susceptibility of tumor cells to lysis. We concluded that only in
      vitro manipulation of fatty acids in some vehicles influenced the susceptibility
      of target tumor cells to C-mediated lysis; this finding did not parallel the
      situation that occurred in vivo. Moreover, the use of different vehicles to
      present fatty acids to tumor cells may further alter the susceptibility to C
      mediated lysis.

PMID- 3860687
TI  - Inhibition of human tumor cell-associated fibrinolysis by vascular bovine smooth
      muscle cells.
AB  - Fibrinolysis induced by human tumor cells producing either urokinase (u-PA) or
      tissue-type plasminogen activators (t-PA) was inhibited by growth in vitro of the
      tumor cells together with aortic bovine smooth muscle cells (SMC). Both types of
      plasminogen activators secreted by the tumor cells were partially or completely
      neutralized in such cocultivation experiments. The fibrinolysis inhibitory
      activities were found in living SMC, homogenates of the cells, and medium
      conditioned by the SMC. Incubation of medium conditioned by the SMC with media
      conditioned by the tumor cells followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      regular fibrin zymography resulted in sodium dodecyl sulfate-resistant inhibition
      of fibrinolysis. Gel electrophoretic analysis of medium conditioned by SMC
      followed by reverse fibrin autography revealed the presence of a single zone of
      lysis inhibition that corresponded to a relative molecular weight of 51,500 +/-
      1,700. These results demonstrate that SMC produce and secrete a powerful
      inhibitor of u-PA- and t-PA-induced fibrinolysis, which may alter the invasive
      and degradative potential of tumor cells.

PMID- 3860688
TI  - Collagen-production inhibitors evaluated as antitumor agents.
AB  - Proline analogues such as cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline (CHP) and L-azetidine-2
      carboxylic acid (A2C) were tested for their antitumor activity in tissue culture
      and in vivo. In culture, CHP specifically inhibited those tumor cells that
      synthesized basement-membrane collagen. CHP appeared to selectively inhibit
      collagen biosynthesis with only a slight effect on protein synthesis. Culturing
      cells on type IV collagen matrix did not alter the antiproliferative effect of
      CHP. The inhibition of 450.1 mouse mammary tumor cells was fully reversible when
      cultures were incubated for 6 or 12 hours with 25 micrograms CHP/ml but was
      irreversible after 24 hours of exposure. Of the proline analogues tested against
      450.1 tumor cells, A2C and CHP were the most potent inhibitors of cell growth.
      These two compounds were therefore tested in vivo using 3 transplantable tumors,
      all of which synthesized basement-membrane collagen. CHP and A2C were given twice
      daily to mice for 7 to 10 days at doses ranging from 50 mg/kg (body wt) to 600
      mg/kg (body wt) per injection. Both CHP and A2C were completely inactive against
      the 450.1 mammary tumor and the EHS sarcoma. Both compounds also caused
      considerable liver toxicity. Against CD8F1 mammary tumors, treatment with maximum
      tolerated doses of CHP and A2C resulted in a slight but insignificant inhibition
      of tumor growth. While our studies confirmed previous findings that CHP
      specifically inhibited those tumor cells that synthesized basement-membrane
      collagen, CHP and A2C did not appear to be efficacious antitumor agents.

PMID- 3860689
TI  - Incidence, morphology, and ultrastructure of spontaneous thymoma--the most common
      neoplasm in W/Nhg rats.
AB  - Spontaneous thymoma was observed with an incidence of 97 and 36% in female and
      male rats, respectively, from an inbred Wistar/Neuherberg strain (W/Nhg). The
      thymomas often caused dyspnea and were occasionally the direct cause of death.
      The neoplasms resembled human thymomas and showed a variable cell composition,
      ranging from mainly lymphocytic to mainly epithelial. The detailed
      ultrastructural findings are described and compared with those in other rat
      thymomas and in human thymomas. A characteristic feature of all dividing
      lymphocytes was the presence of often multilayered, confronting cisternae. As in
      more than 50% of human thymomas, W/Nhg rat thymomas were not associated with
      myopathies or any other possibly autoimmune diseases. They may thus offer a
      useful model for the study of thymoma without associated parathymic syndromes.

PMID- 3860690
TI  - Enhancement of hepatocarcinogenesis by sorbitan fatty acid ester, a liver
      pyruvate kinase activity-reducing substance.
AB  - Effect on hepatocarcinogenesis of dietary sorbitan fatty acid ester (SorFAE),
      which had been known to cause decrease in pyruvate kinase (PK) activity, was
      studied in rats fed a diet containing 0.06% 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene
      (3'-Me-DAB) for 6 weeks. The incidence of hyperplastic nodules and/or
      hepatocellular carcinomas in the rats fed the 3'-Me-DAB diet alone was 45.0% at
      the end of 51 weeks, whereas the incidence in the rats fed 3'-Me-DAB diet
      followed by 5 or 10% SorFAE or 0.1% phenobarbital (PB) diet were 76.2, 90.5, and
      95.0%, respectively. These incidences were significantly higher compared with the
      group fed 3'-Me-DAB diet alone (P less than .05). No tumors were observed in rats
      fed 10% SorFAE diet alone. The results show that SorFAE has an enhancing effect
      on hepatocarcinogenesis, although the effect was weak compared to that of the
      effective PB dose. The results seem to confirm our assumption that a chemical
      that causes decrease in PK activity in rat liver might promote
      hepatocarcinogenesis.

PMID- 3860691
TI  - A recessive mutation (ter) causing germ cell deficiency and a high incidence of
      congenital testicular teratomas in 129/Sv-ter mice.
AB  - The genetic basis of a germ cell deficiency, accompanied by a high incidence of
      testicular teratomas, was studied in strain 129/Sv-ter mice (formerly designated
      "129/terSv"). Germ cell deficiency became more severe with advancing age in
      males, and they were sterile whether or not they had bilateral teratomas. Germ
      cell-deficient testes were smaller than normal except when the testes had
      teratomas. In females the ovaries were smaller than normal, but the germ cell
      deficiency did not progress and most were fertile. The germ cell deficiency
      resulted from the homozygous state of a recessive mutant gene designated
      "teratoma (ter)." Matings between females with small ovaries and homozygous
      normal males produced no germ cell-deficient offspring. When F1 offspring with
      normal gonads were mated together, germ cell-deficient F2 animals appeared at a
      frequency close to 1 in 4. When females with small ovaries (ter/ter) were mated
      with heterozygous males (ter/+), half of the offspring were germ cell deficient.
      It was concluded that the genetic factor is a single recessive gene. The
      incidence of teratomas in +/+ strain 129/Sv-ter males was 1.4% (3/216), and all
      teratomas were unilateral. Seventeen percent (20/117) of heterozygous males had
      teratomas, of which 18 were unilateral and 2 were bilateral. Ninety-four percent
      (167/178) of homozygous ter/ter males had teratomas, of which 75% were bilateral.
      Introduction of the mutant gene ter onto the C57BL/6 genetic background resulted
      in germ cell deficiency in homozygotes, but it reduced considerably the teratoma
      incidence in ter/ter males.

PMID- 3860692
TI  - Preferred animal model in tobacco-inhalation studies.

PMID- 3860693
TI  - Lower extremity salvage with microvascular free flaps.

PMID- 3860694
TI  - Experience with flexible sigmoidoscopy in a training program.

PMID- 3860695
TI  - The purification of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase of the hamster
      epididymis.
AB  - The purification of a hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase from the cytosolic fraction
      of the hamster epididymis is described using ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel
      filtration and PAP agarose affinity chromatography. A purification of 360-fold
      was achieved and resulted in the isolation of one major protein as evidenced by
      HPLC and SDS gel-electrophoresis. The "native" enzyme is a dimer of mol. wt
      106,000 and is composed of subunits having the same molecular weight.

PMID- 3860696
TI  - Study of the levels of expression of two oncogenes, c-myc and c-myb, in acute and
      chronic leukemias of both lymphoid and myeloid lineage.
AB  - Total cellular RNA from a series of leukemic cell populations, both myeloid and
      lymphoid, as well as from normal circulating lymphocytes was analysed for the
      expression of two cellular oncogenes, c-myc and c-myb, by Northern blot
      hybridization assay. Expression of c-myc but not of c-myb was observed in
      unstimulated normal lymphocytes. Stimulation by PHA was shown to activate the
      expression of both genes. Remarkably different levels of expression of c-myc were
      observed in ALL, whereas in CLL the expression of c-myc was uniformly low or
      absent. Differential expression of c-myc was detected in AML as well as in CML, c
      myb was differentially expressed in AML and ALL, and absent in CLL and CML. Other
      single cases of hemopoietic disorders were studied, but the expression of the two
      oncogenes was low or absent. Neither evident genome amplification nor genome
      rearrangements were detected in the cell DNAs digested with restriction
      endonucleases.

PMID- 3860697
TI  - DNA ligases in human leukemia.
AB  - Following partial purification on sucrose gradient and/or phosphocellulose
      chromatography, DNA ligase was tested in peripheral white blood and bone marrow
      cells of nearly 100 patients with various kinds of leukemias, mainly acute
      leukemias. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was tested in parallel.
      DNA ligase of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) was extracted with the same
      sedimentation coefficient (5.5S) on sucrose gradient, and eluted with the same
      KCl molarity (0.3 M) than the one extracted from normal lymphocytes. Acute
      lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) were characterized by no detectable DNA ligase
      activity--in most T or non T-non B-ALL, or a low activity in pre-B and B (Burkitt
      type) ALL, with levels similar to the one observed in chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia (CLL). An inverse relationship was observed between DNA-ligase and TdT
      in ALL, ligase being undetectable in cells positive for TdT and being present in
      some T or non T-non B, and in all pre-B and B-ALL negative for TdT. AML and
      chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) were characterized by a markedly higher DNA
      ligase activity. This activity was higher in the most differentiated subtypes-
      M2, M3 and M4 subtypes of FAB classification--and in CML. Moreover a high degree
      of correlation was observed in AML between the DNA ligase activity and the S
      phase fraction measured by 3 H-thymidine autoradiography or flow cytophotometry
      on the total cell sampling. Besides their clinical interest, these results are
      discussed in relation with the role of DNA-ligase in DNA replication and repair.

PMID- 3860698
TI  - In-vitro effect of retinoic acid on normal and chronic myeloid leukemia
      granulopoiesis.
AB  - The effect of increasing concentrations of retinoic acid (RA) on the in-vitro
      proliferation of normal and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) granulo-monocyte
      precursors (CFU-GM) was studied. 10(-7)M RA added to semisolid cultures
      stimulated the growth of day 14 but not of day 7 normal CFU-GM, whereas in CML
      the growth of both populations was either unchanged or inhibited. Five-day and 10
      day preincubation of normal bone marrow cells with RA augmented the number of day
      14 CFU-GM (by up to 187% with 10(-6) M RA), whereas there was a marked decrease
      when CML cells were used. Total cellularity was not much affected, though a
      slight increase in liquid normal bone marrow cultures and a slight fall in CML
      cultures could be detected. These data point to a difference in the response to
      RA of normal and CML precursors. They may offer of preclinical basis for its
      employment to delay the blastic progression of CML.

PMID- 3860699
TI  - Ultrastructural peroxidase cytochemistry of three established human myelogenous
      leukemia cell lines, HL-60, KG-1 and ML-2.
AB  - We studied the ultrastructural peroxidase cytochemistry of three established
      human acute myelogenous leukemia cell lines (HL-60, KG-1 and ML-2) to clarify the
      cytochemical differences and the differences in maturation/differentiation
      stages. HL-60 cells contained azurophil granules which exhibited strong
      peroxidase reaction. The more central region of individual granules is less
      reactive than the outer portion of these granules. The secretory apparatus of HL
      60 cells, i.e. rough endoplasmic reticulum, perinuclear cisterna and Golgi
      apparatus, also contained peroxidase-reactive material. ML-2 cells contained
      azurophil granules with peroxidase reaction; however, nuclear membranes were
      peroxidase-negative and thin cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum exhibited
      only a faint peroxidase reaction. KG-1 cells were peroxidase-negative. From these
      findings KG-1 is classified as the least mature of the cell lines studied. ML-2
      cells are considered early promyelocytes and HL-60 cells as late promyelocytes.

PMID- 3860701
TI  - [Flap surgery with esthetic considerations--curtain surgery].

PMID- 3860700
TI  - A novel Ph1 chromosome positive cell line established from a patient with chronic
      myelogenous leukemia in blastic crisis.
AB  - A novel Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome positive cell line, designated KYO-1, was
      established from the peripheral blood of a patient with chronic myelogenous
      leukemia (CML) in blastic crisis. Although this line had a unique capacity to
      differentiate spontaneously along the erythroid and monocytoid lineages as
      evidenced by cytochemical analysis for the first several months, the capacity was
      gradually lost after repeated passages. The results suggest that KYO-1 is an
      undifferentiated myeloid cell line. This cell line provides a useful source for
      studying differentiation and proliferation of pluripotent stem cells from CML in
      blastic crisis.

PMID- 3860702
TI  - [Extraction of deciduous teeth, with special reference to occlusal induction].

PMID- 3860704
TI  - [Dental xeroradiography].

PMID- 3860703
TI  - [Problems with the mandibular second molar and the wisdom tooth].

PMID- 3860705
TI  - [Occlusal management and health management for children].

PMID- 3860706
TI  - [Somatoform disorders in the oral region].

PMID- 3860707
TI  - Cytogenetic studies in 174 consecutive patients with preleukemic or
      myelodysplastic syndromes.
AB  - Routine cytogenetic studies were done in 174 consecutive patients with
      preleukemic or myelodysplastic syndromes (PL/MDS): 5 had the 5q - syndrome, 2 had
      refractory cytopenia, 43 had refractory anemia, 38 had refractory anemia with
      ringed sideroblasts, 69 had refractory anemia with excess blasts, 6 had
      refractory anemia with excess blasts in transition, and 11 had chronic
      myelomonocytic leukemia. Successful chromosome studies were accomplished in 167
      patients (96%); 64 (37%) had a chromosomally abnormal clone. Abnormal clones were
      most common among patients who had refractory anemia with excess blasts (45%),
      refractory anemia with excess blasts in transition (60%), and chronic
      myelomonocytic leukemia (45%); they were least common among patients with
      refractory anemia (32%) and refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (21%). The
      two patients with refractory cytopenia had normal cytogenetic results. Each
      patient with the 5q - syndrome had a 5q-chromosome, as this is a prerequisite for
      the diagnosis. The two most common structural abnormalities were deletion of part
      of a chromosome 5 long arm (17 patients) and deletion of part of a chromosome 20
      long arm (8 patients). Nonspecific structural abnormalities of chromosomes 1, 3,
      6, and 17 were also common. The most common numeric abnormalities were monosomy 5
      (7 patients), monosomy 7 (4 patients), loss of the Y chromosome (9 patients), and
      trisomy 8 (20 patients). No chromosome abnormalities were specifically associated
      with any PL/MDS classification.

PMID- 3860708
TI  - Chromosome abnormalities in preleukemic or myelodysplastic syndromes.

PMID- 3860709
TI  - [Anorexia and malnutrition in the hospitalized patient].

PMID- 3860710
TI  - [Pathomorphosis of osteogenic sarcoma during combined therapy using local UHF
      hyperthermia].

PMID- 3860711
TI  - [67Ga citrate scintigraphy of lymph nodes in children with Hodgkin's disease].
AB  - Positive scintigraphy with 67Ga-citrate in examination of children with Hodgkin's
      disease is a useful and informative method to exclude primary involvement of the
      subdiaphragmatic regions of the lymphatic system in a pathological process and to
      assess the efficacy of therapy of specific lesion of the intrathoracic and
      retroperitoneal lymph nodes. This method is of utmost importance for a dynamic
      observation of the lymphatic system of patients in remission, for the detection
      and determination of site of Hodgkin's disease recurrences.

PMID- 3860712
TI  - Molecular and general genetics of a hybrid foreign gene introduced into tobacco
      by direct gene transfer.
AB  - Two clones of N. tabacum, transformed to kanamycin resistance by direct transfer
      to protoplasts of a hybrid gene, consisting of the protein coding region from the
      bacterial gene for aminoglycoside phosphotransferase under the control of 5'/3'
      expression signals from cauliflower mosaic virus gene VI, in the bacterial
      plasmid pUC8, have been subjected to a detailed genetic crossing analysis
      accompanied by Southern blot analysis and enzyme activity assays of
      representative offspring. The genetic data obtained from large populations of
      R1/F1 and R2/F2 offspring as well as from more than 20 subclones of each of the
      original of the hybrid gene was stably integrated into chromosomal DNA of the
      original transformants, (b) that the gene normally was stably maintained during
      clonal proliferation, (c) that normally it is transmitted in a regular fashion
      (with exceptions) to sexual offspring, and (d) that it is inherited as a single
      dominant trait. Data from DNA hybridisation and enzyme assays confirm this
      interpretation. The functional gene is integrated together with several non
      functional copies and bacterial plasmid sequences, which are inherited as one
      block together with the functional gene.

PMID- 3860713
TI  - CSF in CNS leukaemia.

PMID- 3860715
TI  - [Hypertension and polycythemia in a case of acute lymphatic leukemia].

PMID- 3860714
TI  - Lipid-lowering drugs.

PMID- 3860716
TI  - [Sjogren's syndrome: new research aspects. Our experience with 34 cases. IV].

PMID- 3860717
TI  - [Therapy of Pierre Robin syndrome].

PMID- 3860718
TI  - [Oral microbial flora and sucking].

PMID- 3860719
TI  - [Follicular cysts: technical details for the preservation and functional recovery
      of the intracystic teeth].

PMID- 3860720
TI  - [Relation between oral conditions and diet in the elderly. A clinical study].

PMID- 3860721
TI  - [Case of fibrous dysplasia of the jaws: problems of differential diagnosis].

PMID- 3860722
TI  - [Oral manifestations of Gardner's syndrome].

PMID- 3860723
TI  - [Endodontic therapy for deciduous teeth].

PMID- 3860724
TI  - [Correction of the crossbite of single teeth using fixed orthodontic treatment].

PMID- 3860725
TI  - [Indications for the use of soft laser therapy in dentistry].

PMID- 3860727
TI  - [Therapeutic value of cefroxadin (CGP 9000) in ambulatory dental practice].

PMID- 3860726
TI  - [Short-term clinico-statistical study of the anti-inflammatory activity of
      proglumetacin in ambulatory dental practice].

PMID- 3860728
TI  - [Use of the sodium salt of naproxen as an analgesic in toothache symptoms].

PMID- 3860729
TI  - Effect of neplanocin A on differentiation, nucleic acid methylation, and c-myc
      mRNA expression in human promyelocytic leukemia cells.
AB  - The effect of the cyclopentenyl adenosine analog neplanocin A (NPC) on cell
      growth and differentiation was examined in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell
      line HL-60. Continuous exposure of HL-60 cells to 0.1-3.3 microM NPC resulted in
      a progressive reduction in cell growth which was accompanied by an increase in
      differentiation to cells with a myelocyte and neutrophil morphology. The latter
      effect was expressed as an increase in the capacity of cells to reduce nitro blue
      tetrazolium and reached a level of 40% of the total cell population. Preceding
      the phenotypic changes was the preferential inhibition of RNA and DNA methylation
      in comparison to inhibition of their synthesis which coincided with the formation
      of a metabolite of NPC with the chromatographic characteristics of S-adenosyl-L
      methionine (AdoMet). In addition, c-myc mRNA expression, which is amplified in HL
      60 cells, was markedly reduced following NPC treatment. These results indicate
      that NPC is an effective inhibitor of RNA and DNA methylation resulting from its
      conversion to an analog of AdoMet, and that these effects appear to be
      responsible for reduced c-myc RNA expression and the induction of myeloid
      differentiation in this cell line.

PMID- 3860731
TI  - [Clinical-statistical considerations on 102 cases of salivary calculi].

PMID- 3860730
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces a myelomonocytic phenotype with enhanced
      effector cell function in the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line.
AB  - Human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells were induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin
      D3 (calcitriol) to differentiate and examined using a panel of monoclonal
      antibodies (MoAbs) and functional assays. Although morphologically and
      histochemically these cells appeared to be of the monocyte-macrophage phenotype,
      there was a decline in Fc receptors for IgGl and no induction of class II HLA
      antigens. There was, however, dramatic induction of the antigen detected by the
      myeloid-specific MoAb AML-2-23. These data suggest that the phenotypic changes
      induced by calcitriol in HL-60 cells are consistent with myelomonocytic
      differentiation in that the resultant cells possess characteristics of both
      monocytes (morphology, non-specific esterase staining, high levels of AML-2-23
      reactivity) and granulocytes (PMN 29 binding, decreased Fc receptors for IgGl,
      absence of class II HLA antigens). Perhaps more important, the ability of
      calcitriol-treated cells to perform antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and
      phagocytosis was markedly augmented. Lysis of antibody-coated erythrocytes by HL
      60 cells increased from 5% in controls to 30-35% with calcitriol treatment for 4
      days. This enhanced effector cell function was seen despite a decline in Fc
      receptors measured by cytofluorography. These data suggest that calcitriol may be
      involved in both differential and functional activation of myeloid cells.

PMID- 3860732
TI  - Lymphoma presenting as a traumatic hematoma in an HTLV-III antibody-positive
      hemophiliac.

PMID- 3860733
TI  - Presence of clonal chromosome abnormalities in virtually all cases of acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3860735
TI  - Law-medicine notes--AIDS research and "the window of opportunity".

PMID- 3860734
TI  - Effect of hypophosphatemia on diaphragmatic contractility in patients with acute
      respiratory failure.
AB  - We studied the effects of hypophosphatemia on diaphragmatic function in eight
      patients with acute respiratory failure who were artificially ventilated. Their
      mean serum phosphorus level was 0.55 +/- 0.18 mmol per liter (normal value, 1.20
      +/- 0.10). The contractile properties of the diaphragm were assessed by measuring
      the transdiaphragmatic pressure generated at functional residual capacity during
      bilateral supramaximal electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerves.
      Diaphragmatic function was evaluated in each patient before and after correction
      of hypophosphatemia, which was achieved by administration of 10 mmol of
      phosphorus (as KH2PO4) as a continuous infusion for four hours. After phosphate
      infusion, the mean serum phosphorus level increased significantly (1.33 +/- 0.21
      mmol per liter, P less than 0.0001). The increase in serum phosphorus was
      accompanied by a marked increase in the transdiaphragmatic pressure after phrenic
      stimulation (17.25 +/- 6.5 cm H2O as compared with 9.75 +/- 3.8 before phosphate
      infusion, P less than 0.001). Changes in the serum phosphorus level and
      transdiaphragmatic pressure were well correlated (r = 0.73). These results
      strongly suggest that hypophosphatemia impairs the contractile properties of the
      diaphragm during acute respiratory failure, and they emphasize the importance of
      maintaining normal serum inorganic phosphate levels in such patients.

PMID- 3860736
TI  - Family medicine at Duke: excellence defined.

PMID- 3860737
TI  - You're in for a treat: asparagus.

PMID- 3860738
TI  - Increase in health professionals in North Carolina: 1978-1983.

PMID- 3860739
TI  - In vitro fertilization at the North Carolina Memorial Hospital in Chapel Hill.

PMID- 3860740
TI  - Provocative exercise testing: a new role for cardiac rehabilitation.

PMID- 3860741
TI  - Aquarius redux--lysergic acid diethylamide.

PMID- 3860742
TI  - A checklist of practice marketing ideas.

PMID- 3860744
TI  - Terminal illness management electives--the establishment of a TIME committee.

PMID- 3860743
TI  - Lest we forget--spring is here: North Carolina spotless fever in adults.

PMID- 3860745
TI  - Medical revolution--hospital crisis.

PMID- 3860746
TI  - In support of a model bill allowing the use of insect sting kits by trained
      laymen.

PMID- 3860747
TI  - Familial neuropathy with dementia, retinitis pigmentosa, and dysautonomia.
AB  - We studied a 59-year-old woman with dementia, retinitis pigmentosa, sensorimotor
      neuropathy, and attacks of vomiting associated with blood pressure lability and
      loss of consciousness. Abnormalities included CT evidence of cerebral atrophy,
      low IQ, slow central and peripheral nerve conduction velocities, axonal
      degeneration in sural nerve biopsy, and elevated levels of catecholamines and
      slow waves in EEG during attacks. Her sister, two brothers, and daughter also had
      progressive muscle weakness, visual disturbance, and similar vomiting attacks.
      The hereditary nervous system disorder does not fit any previously described
      condition.

PMID- 3860748
TI  - Hereditary sensory neuropathy: biopsy study of an autosomal dominant variety.
AB  - We studied sural nerve biopsies from a family in which three members in two
      generations (father, son, and daughter) had a dominantly inherited neuropathy
      (HSAN-I). There was marked loss of myelinated fibers, especially those of large
      diameter, and there was comparable loss of unmyelinated fibers. These
      quantitative findings differed from another reported case that provided basis for
      the classification of dominant and recessively inherited sensory neuropathies.
      Few patients have been studied, so ultrastructural and morphometric data have
      limited value in classification of these disorders, for which there is still no
      known biochemical marker.

PMID- 3860750
TI  - Sleep disorders in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.

PMID- 3860749
TI  - ATP degradation products after ischemic exercise: hereditary lack of
      phosphorylase or carnitine palmityltransferase.
AB  - We measured purine degradation products of ATP in plasma after ischemic exercise
      in eight normal subjects, one patient with myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's
      disease), and one with carnitine palmityltransferase deficiency. Normal subjects
      increase hypoxanthine and inosine, but not xanthine. Plasma purine levels were
      elevated above the normal range after ischemic exercise in McArdle's disease and
      in carnitine palmityltransferase deficiency after fasting. Those changes implied
      abnormally accelerated ATP degradation in these two myopathies.

PMID- 3860751
TI  - Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (pseudohyperparathyroidism)

PMID- 3860752
TI  - Endolymphatic stromal myosis--a misconception.

PMID- 3860753
TI  - The relationship of thrombocytopenia to the onset of persistent pulmonary
      hypertension of the newborn in the meconium aspiration syndrome.

PMID- 3860754
TI  - Sarcoidosis of the breast.

PMID- 3860755
TI  - Intrathymic parathyroid adenoma in a child.

PMID- 3860756
TI  - Amniotic fluid embolism.

PMID- 3860757
TI  - Spontaneous remission in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3860758
TI  - Accidental drownings in Auckland children.
AB  - We consider the circumstances surrounding 60 consecutive cases of accidental
      drowning of children in the Auckland coronial district. More deaths occurred
      around the home than anywhere else. Forty-one of the fatalities occurred around
      the home with only two being over the age of six years. The unfenced or
      inadequately fenced domestic swimming pool was the most common hazard. The
      household bath and partly filled buckets represent further although less frequent
      dangers. The study reaffirms the need for legislation making the fencing of
      domestic swimming pools mandatory. Elsewhere, young children playing in or near
      water need constant supervision. More victims received either no resuscitation or
      inadequate resuscitation until an ambulance crew arrived at the home. This
      further emphasises the value of a sound knowledge of cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation techniques in the general population.

PMID- 3860759
TI  - Polycythaemia associated with a new haemoglobin variant: haemoglobin Palmerston
      North beta 23 (B5) val----phe.
AB  - A new haemoglobin variant, with increased oxygen affinity, has been identified in
      a patient with a long history of polycythaemia. This new haemoglobin, Hb
      Palmerston North, has an amino acid substitution of valine to phenylalanine at
      position beta 23 (B5). The increased oxygen affinity is accompanied by a decrease
      in globin stability which was responsible for the laboratory detection of the
      haemoglobinopathy.

PMID- 3860760
TI  - Management of acute asthma attacks in Auckland A & E departments.
AB  - Many asthmatics in the Auckland area use hospital accident and emergency (A & E)
      departments as the primary source of treatment during acute asthmatic attacks. A
      review of A & E records has revealed important variations in the standard of care
      they receive, and highlights the need for further education of A & E officers.

PMID- 3860762
TI  - Food consumption pattern during a drought in Tonga.
AB  - Seven and eight year old primary school children were interviewed to rapidly
      assess food consumption patterns during a drought in Tonga. Of the 158 children
      interviewed, 11 (7%) reported hunger in their households and four (2.4%) reported
      one meal per day. Carbohydrate consumption was high but protein and vegetables
      were low. This simple study provided crude but useful and timely information for
      decision making.

PMID- 3860761
TI  - Percentage of anaesthetic fee refunded to patients by schedule-using private
      medical insurers in New Zealand.
AB  - Refunds for anaesthetic services payable to patients by schedule-using private
      medical insurers or agencies have not been realistically adjusted for inflation
      or growth in incomes. Patients receive a lower actual refund than that usually
      implied by the insurers. If private anaesthetic fees had increased in line with
      award weekly wages, the average refund to patients would have been approximately
      50% for most of the period 1968-1981.

PMID- 3860763
TI  - Asthma mortality.

PMID- 3860764
TI  - Diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3860766
TI  - Acupuncture and placebos.

PMID- 3860765
TI  - Mental Health Act reform.

PMID- 3860767
TI  - Waikikamoukau flu.

PMID- 3860769
TI  - Dalkon Shield.

PMID- 3860770
TI  - Hysterectomy advice.

PMID- 3860768
TI  - Amoxapine overdosage and primary lactic acidosis.

PMID- 3860771
TI  - The unique function of nursing.

PMID- 3860772
TI  - Health service personnel commission.

PMID- 3860774
TI  - Presidential address: Conference '85.

PMID- 3860773
TI  - Opening address: Conference '85.

PMID- 3860775
TI  - Alcoholism in a rural community: report on a pilot scheme for management.

PMID- 3860776
TI  - A study of four methods of nipple care offered to post partum mothers.

PMID- 3860777
TI  - Stress in nurses. Some initial findings on the causes and consequences.

PMID- 3860778
TI  - Ethics and nursing: tomorrow's thrust.

PMID- 3860779
TI  - Ethical dilemma.

PMID- 3860780
TI  - Answering questions about computers.

PMID- 3860781
TI  - Business computers for dentists.

PMID- 3860782
TI  - Should I buy a computer for my office?

PMID- 3860783
TI  - Getting married to a computer.

PMID- 3860784
TI  - Need for computer digest of dental information for quality control application in
      the dental office.

PMID- 3860785
TI  - Computer groupies.

PMID- 3860786
TI  - Surgical correction of disorders of the TMJ.

PMID- 3860787
TI  - The big transition.

PMID- 3860789
TI  - Comparison of intravenous oxytocin and vaginal prostaglandin E2 gel in women with
      unripe cervixes and premature rupture of the membranes.
AB  - To induce cervical priming and labor, 20 nulliparous term pregnant women with
      premature rupture of the membranes and unfavorable cervical states were randomly
      given either oxytocin intravenously or 4 mg prostaglandin E2 in gel
      intravaginally. One of ten women receiving oxytocin had a favorable cervical
      state within five hours and vaginal delivery within 24 hours after the start of
      the infusion compared with six of ten women after prostaglandin E2 gel
      application. This difference is statistically significant (P less than .01). The
      number of instrumental deliveries was nine (four cesarean sections and five
      vacuum extractions) in the oxytocin-treated patients compared with only two
      vacuum extractions in women who received prostaglandin E2 gel. This difference is
      also statistically significant (P less than .01, Fischer exact test). In a
      subsequent open study, 4 mg prostaglandin E2 gel was applied vaginally to 17 term
      pregnant women of mixed parity with premature rupture of the membranes and
      unfavorable cervixes. In 12 women a favorable cervical state was achieved within
      five hours after gel application, and all these women were delivered within 24
      hours. None of the women required cesarean section but two required delivery by
      vacuum extraction. There were no perinatal losses, but two infants in the
      oxytocin-treated group had Apgar scores less than 7 at five minutes. At pediatric
      follow-up after two and six months, all infants were normal. In both obstetric
      and perinatal outcome prostaglandin E2 gel thus seems to be superior to oxytocin
      for labor induction in term pregnant patients with premature rupture of the
      membranes and unfavorable cervixes.

PMID- 3860790
TI  - Cefmenoxime therapy for gynecologic and obstetric infections.
AB  - Cefmenoxime, a new third-generation cephalosporin, was used as a single drug in
      the therapy for female genital tract infections. Therapeutic response was
      considered satisfactory in 21 of 22 cases of pelvic inflammatory disease, six of
      nine tuboovarian abscesses, two of three severe wound infections, and all five
      cases of endometritis. Overall, 34 of 39 patients responded. The peak serum
      antibiotic levels in this study ranged from 15.8 to 64 (average 48.7)
      micrograms/mL, and the trough level ranged from 0.9 to 4 (average 3.1)
      micrograms/mL. Cefmenoxime was tested in vitro against 424 isolates of anaerobes
      including 208 strains of bacteroides of which 80 were Bacteroides fragilis.
      Cefmenoxime inhibited the growth of 90% or greater of the organisms (minimal
      inhibitory concentration 90) at less than or equal to 64 micrograms/mL. The
      minimal inhibitory concentration for 75% of B fragilis was 32 micrograms/mL. This
      study suggests that cefmenoxime as a single-drug therapy is effective in the
      treatment of female genital tract infections caused by aerobic (including the
      gonococcus) and anaerobic bacteria.

PMID- 3860788
TI  - Prostaglandin F2 alpha for prevention of urinary retention after vaginal
      hysterectomy.
AB  - The delay in spontaneous micturition after pelvic surgical procedures is a
      significant complication. This study was performed to establish the validity of
      intravesical instillation of prostaglandin F2 alpha in the prevention of urinary
      retention after vaginal surgery. For this purpose 102 patients were randomly and
      alternatively allocated to receive either 16 mg of prostaglandin F2 alpha diluted
      in 40 mL of saline or saline only given intravesically. Similar numbers of
      patients with vaginal hysterectomy (27 versus 31), vaginal repair (12 versus 11),
      and repair with Kelly urethral plication (12 versus 9) were included in the study
      and control group, respectively. The frequency of urinary retention in the women
      treated with prostaglandin F2 alpha was decreased significantly as compared with
      those treated with saline alone (P less than .02). But this was true for women
      undergoing vaginal hysterectomy only. There was also a significantly shorter
      hospitalization of women receiving prostaglandin F2 alpha (P less than .05) and
      there were no side effects.

PMID- 3860791
TI  - [Oro-sinus communication. Problems of professional responsibility].

PMID- 3860792
TI  - [Orodental, pharyngeal and sinus focal diseases and multiple foci coronary
      diseases].

PMID- 3860793
TI  - [Torus palatinus: description of a clinical case].

PMID- 3860794
TI  - [A new injectable anesthetic available to the dentist].

PMID- 3860795
TI  - [When a titanium endosseous screw breaks during or after the surgery].

PMID- 3860796
TI  - Cerebrovascular accidents in children with cancer.
AB  - During a 4-year period, 26 children with systemic malignancies suffered
      cerebrovascular accidents. These occurred in 17 patients with lymphoreticular
      malignancy and nine patients with solid tumors. They were the presenting signs of
      malignancy in three patients and were the direct cause of death in six.
      Cerebrovascular accidents were directly related to disseminated intravascular
      coagulation in eight patients, to chemotherapy in eight patients, to metastatic
      tumor in three patients, to thrombocytopenia in three patients, and to fungal
      meningitis in one patient. All patients with disseminated intravascular
      coagulation had leukemia and at times, cerebrovascular thrombosis predated
      systemic or laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. This
      review indicates that four major syndromes are apparent in children with cancer:
      vascular thrombosis associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute
      arterial or sagittal sinus thrombosis secondary to L-asparaginase in children
      with leukemia, acute neurologic dysfunction in patients with osteogenic sarcoma
      treated with high-dose methotrexate, and obtundation, seizures, and focal
      neurologic deficits in patients with neuroblastoma metastatic to the torcular
      region. Although elevated WBC counts and thrombocytopenia occur frequently in
      children with cancer, in themselves they uncommonly result in strokes. It is
      concluded that cerebrovascular accidents are a relatively frequent cause of acute
      neurologic compromise in children with cancer and that certain types of
      malignancies and their treatment predispose patients to this complication.

PMID- 3860797
TI  - Aspects of the chemical stability of doxorubicin and seven other anthracyclines
      in acidic solution.
AB  - The degradation of doxorubicin in acidic medium has been investigated using a
      stability indicating high pressure liquid chromatographic assay. Influences of
      temperature, pH and ionic strength on the degradation rate are quantified. The
      stability of doxorubicin at 50 degrees C is compared with those of seven related
      anthracyclines. The aglycone degradation products are characterized by mass
      spectrometry and by chromatography.

PMID- 3860798
TI  - Action of acid on oligoribonucleotide phosphotriester intermediates. Effect of
      released vicinal hydroxy functions.
AB  - When 2'-O-methoxytetrahydropyranyl-5'-O-(9-phenylxanthen-9-yl) uridylyl-(3'---
      5')-(2',3'-di-O-acetyluridine) 2-chlorophenyl ester (9) is treated with zinc
      bromide in dichloromethane-propan-2-ol (85:15 v/v) at room temperature, under
      stringently anhydrous conditions, the corresponding 5'-unblocked dinucleoside
      phosphate (10) is obtained in 86% isolated yield; however, when no special
      precautions are taken to exclude moisture, (10) is obtained in only 72% yield.
      The removal of the 5'-O-(9-phenylxanthen-9-yl) protecting group from (10) with a
      protic acid (phenyl dihydrogen phosphate) appears to be much less selective and
      efficient. 80% Acetic acid promoted removal of the methoxytetrahydropyranyl
      protecting group from the isomeric fully-protected uridylyl-(3'----5')- and
      uridylyl-(2'----5')-uridine derivatives [(11) and (21c), respectively] leads to
      virtually identical mixtures [Figures 1a and 1b, respectively] of the partially
      protected dinucleoside phosphates [(14) and (15)], 2',3'-di-O-acetyluridine (8),
      5'-O-acetyluridine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate (16), and 5'-O-acetyluridine 2'(3')
      phosphates [(18) and (17)].

PMID- 3860799
TI  - [Basophilic myelocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3860800
TI  - The assessment of anorexia nervosa and bulimia.

PMID- 3860801
TI  - Bulimia. Growing 'epidemic' among women.
AB  - Bulimia is a serious eating disorder that appears to be increasing in frequency
      among young females. It is characterized by uncontrolled binge eating that may be
      followed by purging. Serious medical complications may result if bulimia is not
      diagnosed and treated effectively. Evidence indicates that bulimia may be closely
      related to affective disorder, and therefore antidepressant drugs should be
      considered in therapy.

PMID- 3860802
TI  - [Occlusal rehabilitation with PMS method, with special reference to anterior
      guidance].

PMID- 3860803
TI  - [Mandibular movement that needs to be registered by articulators].

PMID- 3860804
TI  - [Bioelectric processor EM-2 for dental use (1)].

PMID- 3860805
TI  - [Geriatric dentistry and prosthetics. A discussion].

PMID- 3860806
TI  - Gestational changes in prostaglandin production by ovine fetal trophoblast cells.
AB  - The effect of gestational age on the synthesis of prostaglandins (PG) by isolated
      preparations of uninucleate and binucleate cells of the ovine placentome has been
      investigated. PG synthesis by the cells was dependent upon cell number in a
      linear manner, and was significantly inhibited by indomethacin, but not affected
      by the addition of exogenous arachidonic acid. The net output of PG by the cells
      increased progressively with increasing gestational age of the ewe from 35 to 145
      days, particularly after 100 days' gestation. The cells prepared from tissue
      obtained during the last trimester of pregnancy have the ability to produce PGE2
      and PGF2 alpha in approximately equal amounts, and a lower synthetic capacity for
      6-keto PGF2 alpha. The cells also have the capacity to metabolize PGF2 alpha to
      13,14-dehydro, 15-keto PGF2 alpha. Thus the fetal trophoblast cells appear to be
      the major site of PG production by the placenta at parturition.

PMID- 3860807
TI  - [Prevention in the elementary schools in Trezzano on the Naviglio].

PMID- 3860808
TI  - [Bacterial plaque and dental hygiene].

PMID- 3860809
TI  - Domains in viroids: evidence of intermolecular RNA rearrangements and their
      contribution to viroid evolution.
AB  - On the basis of sequence homology a model is proposed for five structural and
      functional domains in viroids. These domains include (i) a conserved central
      region capable of forming two alternative structures that may regulate two phases
      of the viroid replication cycle, (ii) a region associated with pathogenicity,
      (iii) a domain with high sequence variability, (iv and v) two terminal domains
      that are interchangeable between viroids. That the evolution of viroids has
      involved RNA rearrangements of domains is supported by the partial duplication of
      coconut cadang cadang viroid, which arises de novo during each infection. Similar
      RNA rearrangements have been established for animal viral defective interfering
      RNAs, which arise by some form of discontinuous transcription. This mechanism
      could account for the origin of viroids and also RNA viruses, whereby modules of
      genetic information may have undergone repeated exchange between RNA pathogens
      and the RNA of their hosts.

PMID- 3860810
TI  - Initiator tRNA may recognize more than the initiation codon in mRNA: a model for
      translational initiation.
AB  - A special methionine tRNA (tRNAi) is universally required to initiate
      translation. Amongst species a tRNAi structural conservation is most apparent in
      the anticodon and T arms of the molecule but extends into the variable loop and
      the 3' strand of the D stem. This suggested that they could share a similar
      ancestral or current function in initiation of translation. We report that the
      sequence of bases neighboring the translational start codons of many eubacterial
      genes are complementary not only to the extended anticodon but also to the D and
      T loops of tRNAi. Study of the coding properties of tRNAi and of mutations that
      affect translation suggests that the translational start domain can be a mosaic
      of signals complementary to the loops of tRNAi. The hypothesis of multiple loop
      recognition suggests that unusual triplets can start prokaryotic and
      mitochondrial genes and predicts the occurrence of other reading frames.
      Furthermore, it suggests a unifying model for chain initiation based on RNA
      contacts and displacements.

PMID- 3860811
TI  - Cloning and expression of apolipoprotein B, the major protein of low and very low
      density lipoproteins.
AB  - We report the cloning of cDNAs for rat liver apolipoprotein B (apo B) and the use
      of the cloned sequences to examine apo B expression at the level of mRNA in rat
      tissues. Fifteen putative apo B clones were identified by antibody screening of a
      rat liver cDNA library in the lambda gt11 expression vector. The identity of the
      clones was confirmed by immunological studies of the fusion protein products. All
      clones appear to contain sequences found only in apo B PI, the high molecular
      weight form of rat liver apo B. Blotting studies show that the clones hybridize
      to a single 20-kilobase liver mRNA species, sufficiently large to encode the
      entire apo B PI peptide, which is estimated to be 400 kDa in size. Apo B PI mRNA
      is abundant in liver and present in lower amounts in intestine but is absent in a
      variety of other tissues examined. This tissue distribution is consistent with
      that expected from studies on the in vivo synthesis of apo B. One clone,
      corresponding to a 240-base segment of the apo B PI mRNA, was sequenced and found
      to exhibit homology with a short region of rat apo E mRNA. Analysis of the
      secondary structure of the corresponding peptide did not show the preponderance
      of amphipathic alpha-helical structures characteristic of other apolipoproteins
      examined thus far.

PMID- 3860812
TI  - Hb Long Island: a hemoglobin variant with a methionyl extension at the NH2
      terminus and a prolyl substitution for the normal histidyl residue 2 of the beta
      chain.
AB  - Hb Long Island was found in a diabetic man and his nondiabetic mother as the
      result of a routine clinical measurement of Hb AIc. It is present in amounts
      approximately equal to Hb A. Its alpha chains are normal but its beta chains have
      two alterations compared to the normal. A methionyl residue is attached to the
      usual NH2-terminal valyl residue. This valyl residue is followed by prolyl
      residue in place of the usual histidyl residue 2. The remaining sequence of the
      beta chain is normal. No hemoglobin or abnormal beta chain containing only the
      prolyl substitution could be detected by several different electrophoretic and
      HPLC procedures. We postulate that Hb Long Island is the result of a mutation in
      which a single nucleotide change causes the substitution of a prolyl residue for
      the normal histidyl residue at position 2 of the beta chain. We further postulate
      that this abnormal prolyl residue inhibits enzymatic cleavage of the initiator
      methionyl residue from the abnormal beta chain during posttranslational
      processing. Although the oxygen affinities of the whole blood, suspended cells,
      and hemolysate are normal, the affinity of the isolated Hb Long Island is
      slightly decreased and the effects of organic phosphates are reduced compared to
      normal. These changes are consistent with the loss of the normal histidyl residue
      2 and the extension of the NH2-terminal end of the beta-chain molecule.

PMID- 3860813
TI  - Fusion of influenza virus membranes with liposomes at pH 7.5.
AB  - Influenza virus X-31 (H3N2) membranes fuse with liposomes containing ganglioside
      GD1a at pH 7.5. Fusion was demonstrated by electron microscopy and also can be
      measured by counting the labeled virus proteins incorporated into liposomes after
      bound virus has been removed. Liposomes composed of lipids that have no net
      charge behave as reported by other investigators and do not fuse with influenza X
      31 membranes at neutral pH, but they do fuse at low pH. Therefore, the liposomal
      composition is a factor in whether liposomes fuse with influenza virus membranes
      at neutral pH, probably by determining whether binding occurs. The liposomal
      composition necessary for fusion at neutral pH needs to be individualized for
      each influenza subtype. To establish that a virus requires low pH for membrane
      fusion, it is first necessary to establish that fusion does not occur at neutral
      pH under conditions where adequate binding occurs.

PMID- 3860814
TI  - Nucleosome core particles suppress the thermal untwisting of core DNA and
      adjacent linker DNA.
AB  - Covalently closed circular DNA is known to undergo a temperature-dependent change
      in helical twist. We have reconstituted nucleosome core particles onto closed
      circular DNA and measured the thermal untwisting of the DNA as a function of
      nucleosome density. The results demonstrate that the DNA associated with the
      nucleosome core particle does not alter its twist when the temperature is varied
      between 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C, and that the length of DNA prevented from
      thermal untwisting includes the linker as well as the core DNA.

PMID- 3860815
TI  - Metabolism of retinoic acid and retinol during differentiation of F9 embryonal
      carcinoma cells.
AB  - Retinol and retinoic acid dose-response curves were obtained for promotion of the
      differentiation of F9 murine embryonal carcinoma cells with an enzyme-linked
      immunoadsorbent assay for laminin, a product of differentiated F9 cells. Retinoic
      acid produced a half-maximum response at 1.3 nM and a maximum response at about
      30 nM; retinol was 1/175th as potent. Maximum differentiation required 48 hr of
      continuous exposure to retinoic acid, whereas retinol required 72 hr of exposure.
      The half-time of retinoic acid conversion into polar metabolites was 3.5 hr;
      metabolism was accelerated by pretreating F9 cells with retinoic acid. An
      inhibitor of oxidative metabolism, ketoconazole, decreased the rate of retinoic
      acid metabolism and decreased the concentration of retinoic acid required to
      produce a half-maximum response. Unchanged retinoic acid was the sole compound
      isolated from nuclei of F9 cells incubated with retinoic acid. Retinol had a half
      life approximately 5-fold longer than retinoic acid, attained greater cell
      concentrations, and was converted into retinoic acid by F9 cells. These data
      indicate that retinoic acid itself directs the differentiation of F9 cells and
      may mediate differentiation induced by retinol.

PMID- 3860816
TI  - Origin and turnover of mitochondrial glutathione.
AB  - Mitochondrial glutathione in liver does not arise by intramitochondrial
      synthesis, but rather from the cytoplasm, by a process characterized by slow net
      transport and more rapid exchange transport.

PMID- 3860817
TI  - Synchrotron radiation x-ray scattering in the early stages of in vitro collagen
      fibril formation.
AB  - The time course of in vitro collagen fibril formation was monitored by
      synchrotron radiation x-ray scattering. Collagen polymerization was induced by a
      temperature jump from 4 degrees C to 32 degrees C and the solution scattering
      pattern was recorded continuously with a time resolution of a few seconds. The
      scattered intensity increased as soon as the final temperature was attained,
      without discernible lag phase, when the collagen concentration was about 0.56
      mg/ml, whereas turbidimetric measurements revealed a lag phase of ca. 2.5 min at
      1.05 mg/ml. A direct correlation was found between the temperature and both the
      rate of formation and the total amount of early aggregates. The formation of
      these aggregates was only partially reversed by lowering the temperature, except
      when the collagen had been prevented from forming Schiff base-mediated
      intermolecular crosslinks by sodium borohydride reduction. In this case,
      formation of aggregates was completely reversible. We conclude that the
      aggregates that appear to correspond to the subfibrils proposed on the basis of
      independent methods are formed and simultaneously crosslinked in the early phases
      of in vitro collagen self-assembly.

PMID- 3860818
TI  - Cell-specific immunohistochemical localization of a cellular retinol-binding
      protein (type two) in the small intestine of rat.
AB  - One of us recently has reported the purification of a new retinol-binding protein
      that is distinctly different from the well-known cellular retinol-binding
      protein, CRBP. This protein, which we propose to name cellular retinol-binding
      protein type II [CRBP(II)], was found almost exclusively in the small intestine
      of the adult rat at levels 1000 times greater than that of CRBP. Here we have
      determined the cellular location of these two proteins in the small intestine of
      the rat. By using an immunohistochemical technique, the absorptive cells of the
      small intestine, from the duodenum to the ileum, were strongly stained when
      antiserum against CRBP(II) was used. More intense staining was observed in
      absorptive cells near the tips of the villi than in those located at the base of
      the villi. However, the proliferative cells in the crypts of Lieberkuhn were
      stained only lightly if at all. In contrast to absorptive cells, goblet cells in
      the villi did not stain. When tissue sections containing the gastroduodenal
      junction were examined, no staining was observed in the gastric epithelium, while
      the epithelium of the most proximal portion of the duodenum showed very strong
      staining. In tissue sections containing the ileocecal junction, staining
      terminated abruptly at the end of the distal ileum. No staining was observed in
      the epithelium of the colon. In contrast, the cellular location of CRBP in the
      small intestine was quite different from the cellular location of CRBP(II). The
      epithelial cells of the small intestine showed no staining when affinity-purified
      anti-CRBP was used. Staining was observed for connective tissue cells in the
      lamina propria and in cells located within the gut-associated lymphoid tissue.
      The cell-specific localization pattern determined for these two proteins suggests
      that CRBP(II), rather than CRBP, is the protein that plays a role in the
      absorption of retinol.

PMID- 3860820
TI  - Nuclear lamins and peripheral nuclear antigens during fertilization and
      embryogenesis in mice and sea urchins.
AB  - Nuclear structural changes during fertilization and embryogenesis in mice and in
      sea urchins have been followed by using antibodies against the nuclear lamins A/C
      and B and against antigens at the periphery of nuclei and chromosomes. Lamins are
      found on all pronuclei and nuclei during mouse fertilization, but with a
      diminished intensity on the second polar body nucleus. On sperm in both systems,
      lamins are reduced and detected only at the acrosomal and centriolar fossae. In
      sea urchin eggs, lamins are found on both pronuclei. Unlike in other dividing
      cells, the mitotic chromosomes of sea urchin eggs and embryos retain an
      association with lamins. The peripheral antibodies delineate each chromosome and
      nucleus except the mature mouse sperm nucleus. A dramatic change from the
      expected lamin distribution occurs during early development. In mouse morulae or
      blastocysts, lamins A/C are no longer recognized, although lamin B remains. In
      sea urchins both lamins A/C and lamin B, as detected with polyclonal antibodies,
      are lost after the blastula stage, although a different lamin A/C epitope emerges
      as recognized by a monoclonal antibody. These results demonstrate that pronucleus
      formation in both systems involves a new association or exposure of lamins, that
      the polar body nucleus is largely restricted from the cytoplasmic pool of lamins,
      and that mitotic chromosomes in the rapidly proliferating sea urchin egg retain
      associated lamins. They also suggest that changes in the expression or exposure
      of different lamins are a common feature of embryogenesis.

PMID- 3860819
TI  - Evidence for specific DNA sequences in the nuclear acceptor sites of the avian
      oviduct progesterone receptor.
AB  - Recent studies have shown that saturable high-capacity nuclear binding sites
      (termed acceptor sites) for the avian oviduct progesterone receptor can be
      reconstituted by rehybridizing a specific oviduct chromatin protein fraction (CP
      3) to pure hen DNA to generate a reconstituted nucleoacidic protein (NAP). Only a
      limited number of acceptor sites can be generated on hen DNA even at high
      protein/DNA ratios. This suggests the existence of a limited number of specific
      sequences in the avian genome that can participate in the acceptor sites. The
      studies presented in this paper show a specificity as to the source of DNA that
      can generate acceptor sites using hen oviduct CP-3 protein. The acceptor protein
      binds to all DNAs but generates acceptor sites only on DNAs from certain animals.
      The acceptor sites for the progesterone receptor, generated with heterologous
      mammalian DNAs and the avian oviduct CP-3 fraction, show saturation not only in
      number of acceptor sites generated on the DNAs but also in progesterone receptor
      binding. Binding to these sites is also receptor dependent. Using oviduct
      receptors from particular physiological states of the birds wherein the receptors
      do not bind to nuclear sites in vivo, it was found that the cell-free binding to
      these heterologous complexes of hen CP-3 protein and DNA from another species,
      termed heterologous NAP, is similarly absent. Thus, the cell-free binding to the
      native oviduct NAP and the heterologous NAP markedly resembles the nuclear
      binding in vivo. Interestingly, synthetic DNAs rich in adenine and thymine, but
      not those rich in guanine and cytosine, are capable of generating acceptor sites.
      Species-specific DNA sequences, as well as specific chromatin proteins,
      therefore, appear to be involved in the nuclear acceptor sites for the avian
      oviduct progesterone receptor. The DNA sequences appear to be conserved
      throughout most of the vertebrates but not among nonvertebrates as are the
      steroid hormones and their receptors. The exact numbers and distributions of
      these sequences in the avian genome are not known.

PMID- 3860821
TI  - Inherently radioresistant cells exist in some human tumors.
AB  - We investigated the survival of 29 human tumor cell lines after treatment with
      ionizing radiation during exponential growth. The radiosensitivity of 20 tumor
      cell lines was within the range of normal fibroblasts. However, 9 cell lines
      derived from radio-incurable tumors appeared inherently radioresistant. When the
      ability to repair potentially lethal x-ray damage was studied in plateau phase
      cultures, some tumor cell lines derived from radio-incurable tumors were more
      efficient in this process. These results indicate that the presence of
      radioresistant and/or repair-proficient cells, which exist in some human tumors,
      may be responsible for failure to obtain local control following therapeutic x
      ray treatment.

PMID- 3860822
TI  - Ancient origin for Hawaiian Drosophilinae inferred from protein comparisons.
AB  - Immunological comparisons of a larval hemolymph protein enabled us to build a
      tree relating major groups of drosophiline flies in Hawaii to one another and to
      continental flies. The tree agrees in topology with that based on internal
      anatomy. Relative rate tests suggest that evolution of hemolymph proteins has
      been about as fast in Hawaii as on continents. Since the absolute rate of
      evolution of hemolymph proteins in continental flies is known, one can erect an
      approximate time scale for Hawaiian fly evolution. According to this scale, the
      Hawaiian fly fauna stems from a colonist that landed on the archipelago about 42
      million years ago-i.e., before any of the present islands harboring drosophilines
      formed. This date fits with the geological history of the archipelago, which has
      witnessed the sequential rise and erosion of many islands during the past 70
      million years. We discuss the bearing of the molecular time scale on views about
      rates of organismal evolution in the Hawaiian flies.

PMID- 3860823
TI  - Peroxide-producing potential of tissues: inverse correlation with longevity of
      mammalian species.
AB  - Peroxidation reactions may cause many of the dysfunctions associated with aging.
      Accordingly, the 30-fold differences in aging rate among the mammalian species
      could be determined in part by peroxidation defense processes. This possibility
      was tested by measuring the spontaneous autoxidation of aerobically incubated
      brain and kidney tissue homogenates of 24 different mammalian species as a
      function of their maximum lifespan potential. Results show a statistically
      significant inverse correlation between both the rate of autoxidation and the
      amount of peroxidizable substrate with maximum lifespan potential. Kinetic
      analysis of the data indicates that the amount of peroxidizable substrate was the
      major factor determining the rate of autoxidation. For human tissues,
      antioxidants also appear to contribute to their unusually low sensitivity to
      peroxidation. These results support the hypothesis that aging may be caused in
      part by oxygen radicals initiating peroxidation reactions and that peroxidation
      defense processes are involved in governing the longevity of mammalian species.

PMID- 3860824
TI  - Immunocytochemical staining of estrogen receptor in paraffin sections of human
      breast cancer by use of monoclonal antibody: comparison with that in frozen
      sections.
AB  - Estrogen receptor (ER) in human breast cancer tissues was demonstrated in
      paraffin sections as well as in frozen sections by immunoperoxidase methods using
      monoclonal antibody (H222) against ER. The avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex
      method was used for the paraffin sections fixed in cold buffered formalin, and
      the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was used for the fixed frozen sections. The
      results were compared with the ER content in the respective tumor tissue
      determined by dextran-coated charcoal assay. The specific staining for ER was
      located exclusively in the nuclei of cancer cells in both paraffin and frozen
      sections. Differences in the intensity and distribution of nuclear staining
      within a section were often observed, suggesting heterogeneity of the ER content
      of individual breast cancer cells. In 24 breast cancer tissues studied
      simultaneously by both paraffin and frozen section methods, 21 (88%) showed
      similar evaluation of the presence of ER. The results of immunocytochemical
      staining agreed with those of the dextran-coated charcoal assay in 89 (82%) of
      the 109 paraffin-sectioned tumor tissues and in 24 (86%) of the 28 frozen
      sectioned tissues, indicating that ER can be demonstrated immunocytochemically by
      use of paraffin as well as frozen sections.

PMID- 3860825
TI  - Phosphatidylcholine produced in rat synaptosomes by N-methylation is enriched in
      polyunsaturated fatty acids.
AB  - Rat brain synaptosomes contain an enzyme, phosphatidylethanolamine N
      methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.17), that catalyzes the methylation of
      phosphatidylethanolamine to form its mono-, di-, and trimethyl
      (phosphatidylcholine) derivatives. Synaptosomal phosphatidylethanolamine is much
      richer in polyunsaturated fatty acids (43.4%) than is synaptosomal
      phosphatidylcholine (4.6%). It thus seemed possible that the phosphatidylcholine
      derived via the N-methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine might also be
      especially enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids. To test this hypothesis, we
      examined the incorporation of [3H]methyl groups into various molecular species of
      phosphatidylcholine, by incubating rat synaptosomes for 10, 30, or 90 min in a
      medium containing S-adenosyl[methyl-3H]methionine. Phosphatidylcholine was
      extracted and separated from other lipids by TLC, after which its molecular
      species were isolated by argentation TLC (which distinguishes among the
      phospholipid molecules by the degree of unsaturation of their fatty acid
      moieties.) We found that approximately 65% of the [3H]methyl incorporated into
      phosphatidylcholine during the incubation period was present in the fraction
      associated with pentaene or hexaene fatty acids; an additional 30% was present in
      the tetraene fraction, while the remaining phosphatidylcholine radioactivity was
      distributed between the dienes and monoenes. Similar distributions were observed
      among synaptosomes incubated for 10 or 30 min; however, after 90 min the
      phosphatidyl[3H]choline contained proportionately less of the tetraenes. These
      observations indicate that neuronal phosphatidylcholine molecules formed via N
      methylation are especially richer in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and they raise
      the possibility that these molecules constitute a distinct pool with particular
      physiologic functions.

PMID- 3860827
TI  - Efficiency of utilization of various sources of energy for growth.
AB  - The relative efficiency of dietary sucrose, protein sources, and fats in
      depositing body protein and fat (total energy) was directly estimated in young
      rats by feeding graded levels of each as supplements to a fixed amount of a basal
      diet that was presumably adequate in all essential nutrients except for energy.
      Under these conditions, the net gain in total body energy was a linear function
      of the amount of supplement added and the data fulfill the criteria of a valid
      slope-ratio bioassay. The available energy measured by this technique for sucrose
      and protein were similar, as would be expected. Dietary fat, however, was a more
      efficient source of energy. Compared to sucrose with 3.94 kcal/g (1 cal = 4.184
      J), the average potency of dietary fat was 11.1 kcal/g, or approximately 124% of
      the expected value of 9 kcal/g. Fat supplements increased the deposition of body
      fat even when total energy intake was severely limited. The Atwater value of 9
      kcal per g of fat is not appropriate under these conditions and probably not
      under other conditions.

PMID- 3860826
TI  - Mouse-Torpedo hybrid acetylcholine receptors: functional homology does not equal
      sequence homology.
AB  - The nicotinic acetylcholine (AcCho) receptor (AcChoR) is a multisubunit protein
      complex of stoichiometry alpha 2 beta gamma delta. The several subunits show
      homology with each other within a given species; in addition, homology is found
      between analogous subunits between species. We have used the phage SP6 RNA
      polymerase transcription system to produce single-species RNA in vitro for
      various AcChoR subunits from cDNAs. Injection of an equimolar mixture of RNA for
      the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta subunits of Torpedo californica AcChoR into
      Xenopus oocytes results in the appearance of functional receptors in the oocyte
      membrane. No response to AcCho is detected when the beta or gamma subunit RNA is
      omitted, and a small response is seen when the delta subunit RNA is omitted.
      Replacement of Torpedo delta subunit RNA by the mouse BC3H-1 cell line AcChoR
      delta subunit RNA leads to the formation of functional receptors that show a 3-4
      fold greater response to AcCho than does the full Torpedo complex. No response is
      seen when the mouse delta RNA replaces Torpedo gamma RNA. By amino acid homology
      profile comparisons, the mouse delta subunit appears to be moderately but not
      highly similar to the Torpedo delta subunit; the apparent similarity to the
      Torpedo gamma subunit is only slightly less. Therefore, the features of the
      primary sequence that determine the functional delta character of the mouse
      polypeptide are not revealed by simple homology comparisons.

PMID- 3860828
TI  - Preparations of homeostatic thymus hormone consist predominantly of histones 2A
      and 2B and suggest additional histone functions.
AB  - The two major constituents in preparations of the homeostatic thymus hormone
      (HTH) were purified. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that the components (HTH
      alpha and HTH beta) are identical to histones H2A and H2B, suggesting the
      possibility that histones might have hitherto unrecognized occurrence and
      functions. If the HTH activities are not ascribed to the two histones in the
      preparation, they could only be derived from minor constituents present in
      minimal amounts. Therefore, the histone structures were scrutinized for
      properties of relevance in relation to hormone activities and for similarities
      with thymic hormones. Similarities between COOH-terminal regions of histones H2A,
      H2B, and H3 were noticed, as well as some similarities between NH2-terminal
      regions of histones and parts of recognized thymus hormones and related proteins.
      Potential signals, resembling cleavage sites in prohormones, are present in the
      histone structures, and further correlations with recently discovered ubiquitin
      functions may explain molecular mechanisms for actions of the HTH preparations.
      None of the observations is significant by itself, but the combined results
      suggest the hypothesis of different relationships and functions, including
      hormone-like activities, for some histones.

PMID- 3860829
TI  - Inhibition of phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide transformylase by
      methotrexate and dihydrofolic acid polyglutamates.
AB  - We report the enhanced inhibitory potency of methotrexate (MTX) polyglutamates
      and dihydrofolate pentaglutamate on the catalytic activity of
      phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide (AICAR) transformylase purified from MCF
      7 human breast cancer cells. In the present work, MTX (4-amino-10
      methylpteroylglutamic acid) and dihydrofolate, both monoglutamates, were found to
      be weak competitive inhibitors of AICAR transformylase with Kis of 143 and 63
      microM, respectively, and their inhibitory capacity was largely unaffected by the
      glutamated state of the folate cosubstrate. In contrast, MTX polyglutamates were
      found to be potent competitive inhibitors, with an approximately 10-fold increase
      in inhibitory potency with the addition of each glutamate group up to four (i.e.,
      the pentaglutamate derivative). MTX tetra-and pentaglutamates were the most
      potent, with equivalent Kis of 5.6 X 10(-8) M or 2500-fold more potent than MTX.
      Dihydrofolate pentaglutamate was as potent an inhibitor as MTX pentaglutamate,
      with a Ki of 4.3 X 10(-8) M. The potent inhibitory effects demonstrated by the
      polyglutamate compounds when tested against the folate monoglutamate substrate
      were sharply curtailed when folate pentaglutamate was used as the substrate. MTX
      and dihydrofolate pentaglutamates were only 7- and 25-fold more potent than their
      monoglutamate counterparts under these conditions. A model depicting these
      complex interactions is postulated. These findings have significant implications
      regarding the mechanism of action of MTX.

PMID- 3860830
TI  - DNA supercoiling affects in vitro transcription of two maize chloroplast genes
      differently.
AB  - Two adjacent, divergently transcribed, developmentally regulated genes of the
      maize chloroplast chromosome have different superhelical density/transcriptional
      activation profiles when transcribed in vitro by the homologous DNA-dependent RNA
      polymerase. Promoter-specific transcription of the gene for the beta and epsilon
      subunits of coupling factor 1 (cf1BE) increases and plateaus from templates of
      increasing negative superhelicity, while transcription of the gene for ribulose
      bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit (rcL) rises and then falls. Maximal
      transcription from the two promoters occurs at different template negative
      superhelical densities and transcription of the two genes is stimulated to
      different degrees. The different superhelicity profiles alter the molar ratios of
      the two transcripts over an order of magnitude. Changes in DNA conformation
      represent one possible mechanism for the differential regulation of the genes.

PMID- 3860831
TI  - Increased rate of degradation of c-myc mRNA in interferon-treated Daudi cells.
AB  - The recent observation made in our laboratory that cellular myc (c-myc) mRNA has
      a very short half-life in a variety of normal and transformed human cells
      emphasized the potential importance of post-transcriptional regulation of c-myc
      gene expression. Jonak and Knight [Jonak, G. J. & Knight, E., Jr. (1984) Proc.
      Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 1747-1750] have reported a selective reduction of c-myc
      mRNA accumulation in lymphoblastoid Daudi cells treated with human beta
      interferon. This provided a suitable situation in which to examine a possible
      action of negative modulators of c-myc expression at the level of mRNA stability.
      Our results confirm the observation by Jonak and Knight that c-myc mRNA level is
      depressed in cells treated with beta interferon and extend it to alpha 2
      interferon. Furthermore, we now demonstrate that interferon has no effect on c
      myc transcription rate in isolated nuclei but rather reduces the half-life of its
      mRNA. Conversely, we show that it increases the level of HLA-A2 mRNA by
      stimulating its transcription.

PMID- 3860832
TI  - Kinetics of carbon monoxide binding to phenobarbital-induced cytochrome P-450
      from rat liver microsomes: a simple bimolecular process.
AB  - The kinetics of carbon monoxide binding to phenobarbital-induced cytochrome P-450
      (P-450PB) and to its enzymatically inactive form P-420PB have been investigated
      by both stopped-flow and flash-photolysis spectrophotometry. When the
      simultaneous presence of both forms of the enzyme is taken into account, the
      binding of CO to these two proteins can be described in terms of two bimolecular
      processes with rate constants of 4.5 X 10(6) M-1.S-1 and 4.7 X 10(5) M-1.S-1 for
      P-450PB and 1.7 X 10(7) M-1.S-1 and 1.5 X 10(6) M-1.S-1 for P-420PB. From kinetic
      studies of the binding of CO to P-450PB under different experimental conditions,
      investigations of the homogeneity of our P-450PB preparations, and comparative
      kinetic investigations of P-450s from different sources, we conclude that CO
      binding to reduced P-450PB is a simple bimolecular process and that the observed
      biphasic traces are due to heterogeneity of the proteins. This conclusion is in
      contrast with previous reports of complex reaction mechanisms for the binding of
      CO to P-450PB. Optical spectroscopy studies indicate the existence of an
      equilibrium between P-450PB and P-420PB, at least for the reduced carbonyl
      derivatives of the enzymes. The interconversion is strongly influenced by the
      aggregation state of the protein. Large differences between the CO binding
      properties of P-450PB and those of P-420PB are found. These are discussed in
      terms of possible effects of the proximal ligation state of the iron on heme
      reactivity.

PMID- 3860833
TI  - Molecular mechanism of codon recognition by tRNA species with modified uridine in
      the first position of the anticodon.
AB  - Proton NMR analyses have been made to elucidate the conformational
      characteristics of modified nucleotides as found in the first position of the
      anticodon of tRNA [derivatives of 5-methyl-2-thiouridine 5'-monophosphate
      (pxm5s2U) and derivatives of 5-hydroxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (pxo5U)]. In
      pxm5s2U, the C3'-endo form is extraordinarily more stable than the C2'-endo form
      for the ribose ring, because of the combined effects of the 2-thiocarbonyl group
      and the 5-substituent. By contrast, in pxo5U, the C2'-endo form is much more
      stable than the C3'-endo form, because of the interaction between the 5
      substituent and the 5'-phosphate group. The enthalpy differences between the C2'
      endo form and the C3'-endo form have been obtained as 1.1, -0.7, and 0.1 kcal/mol
      (1 cal = 4.184 J) for pxm5s2U, pxo5U, and unmodified uridine 5'-monophosphate,
      respectively. These findings lead to the conclusion that xm5s2U in the first
      position of the anticodon exclusively takes the C3'-endo form to recognize
      adenosine (but not uridine) as the third letter of the codon, whereas xo5U takes
      the C2'-endo form as well as the C3'-endo form to recognize adenosine, guanosine,
      and uridine as the third letter of the codon on ribosome. Accordingly, the
      biological significance of such modifications of uridine to xm5s2U/xo5U is in the
      regulation of the conformational rigidity/flexibility in the first position of
      the anticodon so as to guarantee the correct and efficient translation of codons
      in protein biosynthesis.

PMID- 3860834
TI  - A predicted structure of calmodulin suggests an electrostatic basis for its
      function.
AB  - By using interactive computer graphics, two models for calmodulin have been
      constructed based on the structures of two functionally and structurally related
      proteins, intestinal calcium-binding protein and carp parvalbumin. The two models
      have been compared and contrasted to the parent proteins with respect to
      proportion of solvent-exposed hydrophobic residues, solvent-accessible surface
      area, and side-chain packing. Electrostatic potential surfaces generated for the
      models suggest a probable binding site for basic amphiphilic alpha-helical
      peptides located between the last E and F helices in the second domain of
      calmodulin. Both electrostatic and hydrophobic complementarity can contribute to
      stabilization of a peptide-protein complex in this region.

PMID- 3860835
TI  - Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to a human interferon
      induced double-stranded RNA-binding Mr 68,000 protein kinase.
AB  - One of the interferon-induced proteins thought to be involved in the antiviral
      effects of interferon is a double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase. This
      paper reports the development of a monoclonal antibody, 10A5, that recognizes a
      protein that co-migrates with the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase at
      an approximate molecular weight of 68,000. Levels of this protein and of the
      protein kinase activity increase 3-fold on interferon treatment of T98G cells.
      The specificity of the monoclonal antibody was determined by ELISA,
      immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation procedures. Furthermore, immunoaffinity
      chromatography of an interferon-induced T98G cell extract previously
      phosphorylated in the presence of double-stranded RNA and radiolabeled ATP
      resulted in the specific elution of a phosphorylated Mr 68,000 protein from the
      monoclonal antibody 10A5-Sepharose column. Monoclonal antibody 10A5 recognizes
      both native and denatured protein kinase, independent of double-stranded RNA
      binding or phosphorylation, and should therefore serve as a useful tool in
      analyzing the role of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase in the
      mechanism of interferon action.

PMID- 3860836
TI  - A partial cDNA clone for human apolipoprotein B.
AB  - A human liver cDNA library was screened for sequences coding for apolipoprotein B
      (apo B), the major protein of human low density lipoproteins. A mixture of
      synthetic oligonucleotides (26 bases long) coding for an amino acid sequence
      known to exist in apo B was used as a hybridization probe. A clone was identified
      that had a cDNA insert of 593 base pairs and that contained sequences coding for
      a peptide of 24 residues that had earlier been isolated from apo B by limited
      proteolysis. The entire nucleotide sequence of the cDNA insert consists of one
      open reading frame coding for 197 amino acids. Apo B-related RNAs were found in
      human liver, baboon liver, and the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. None were
      detected in placenta, simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed fibroblasts, and a
      lymphoblastoid cell line. The length of the mature apo B mRNA was estimated to be
      18 kb, enough to code for a protein with a molecular weight in the neighborhood
      of 500,000.

PMID- 3860837
TI  - Sea urchin metallothionein sequence: key to an evolutionary diversity.
AB  - The metallothioneins (MTs) constitute a diverse family of proteins, which are
      enriched in cysteines and bind heavy metals. The amino acid sequence of sea
      urchin MT has been obtained from its mRNA sequence and compared with MT sequences
      of various sources. A largely conserved sequence of 10 amino acids, the "central
      segment," is located near the center of the MT molecules of Neurospora, yeast,
      and Drosophila and the center of putative domains in mammalian and sea urchin
      MTs. The sea urchin carboxyl-terminal-half MT resembles the mammalian 9-cysteine
      amino-terminal MT domain I, both in the presence of this central segment and in
      the relative placement of cysteine residues. Conversely, the sea urchin amino
      terminal-half MT, containing 11 cysteines, resembles the mammalian carboxyl
      terminal MT domain II in its exclusive enrichment in vicinal cysteines. The
      reversed order of these sea urchin and mammalian MT halves appears to be just one
      aspect of a diversity based on the elaboration of structures containing the
      central segment. Still another variation in this diversity is the duplication of
      the central segment, apparent in Drosophila and crab MTs.

PMID- 3860838
TI  - Normal modes for specific motions of macromolecules: application to the hinge
      bending mode of lysozyme.
AB  - A method is presented for finding particular normal modes for large molecules
      such as proteins and nucleic acids. The method is based on an iterative approach
      that extracts eigenvectors of interest from the full second-derivative matrix.
      Application of the method to the interdomain (hinge-bending) motion of lysozyme
      yields a frequency of 3.6 cm-1. This is similar to the value obtained from
      earlier adiabatic-energy-minimization studies. Analysis of the mode shows that
      the relaxation associated with the hinge bending is highly delocalized; that is,
      the dihedral angle and energy changes are distributed over many residues,
      including some (e.g., Trp-28) that are distant from the cleft and hinge region.

PMID- 3860839
TI  - Protein states and proteinquakes.
AB  - After photodissociation of carbon monoxide bound to myoglobin, the protein
      relaxes to the deoxy equilibrium structure in a quake-like motion. Investigation
      of the proteinquake and of related intramolecular equilibrium motions shows that
      states and motions have a hierarchical glass-like structure.

PMID- 3860840
TI  - A contact-insensitive subpopulation in Syrian hamster cell cultures with a
      greater susceptibility to chemically induced neoplastic transformation.
AB  - We previously have identified a subpopulation of contact-insensitive (CS-) cells
      which lacks density-dependent inhibition of cell division in primary and low
      passage cultures of Syrian hamster embryonic (SHE) fibroblastic cells. Further,
      we have shown that the proportion of these CS- cells declines as a result of the
      stable phenotypic conversion of the CS- cells to contact-sensitive (CS+) cells.
      To determine whether these transient CS- cells are more sensitive to
      carcinogenic/mutagenic perturbation, the susceptibility to neoplastic
      transformation and somatic mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was examined in clonally isolated cell cultures
      containing various proportions of CS- cells (0.02-4%). The frequencies of
      morphological transformation, focus formation, and neoplastic transformation
      showed a positive correlation to the proportion of CS- cells in the treated
      cultures. In contrast, the frequency of MNNG-induced somatic mutation at the
      Na+,K+-ATPase locus was similar among cultures varying in their proportion of CS-
      cells. Thus, there is a transient subpopulation of CS- cells in primary SHE cell
      cultures that is more susceptible to neoplastic transformation although equally
      susceptible to induced point mutation. This dissociation between somatic point
      mutation and neoplastic transformation indicates a fundamental difference in the
      nature of these two phenomena. A possible relationship between the propensity of
      CS- cells (versus CS+ cells) to carcinogen-induced neoplastic transformation and
      the state of differentiation of the CS- cells is discussed.

PMID- 3860841
TI  - Gene expression during terminal differentiation: dexamethasone suppression of
      inducer-mediated alpha 1- and beta maj-globin gene expression.
AB  - Previous studies demonstrated that hexamethylenebisacetamide (HMBA)-mediated
      murine erythroleukemia cell (MELC) commitment to terminal division could be
      suppressed by dexamethasone. A rapid (less than 2 hr) increase (step-up) in
      commitment to terminal cell division was observed if, after 60-70 hr in culture
      with inducer and steroid, MELC were transferred to medium with HMBA alone. This
      step-up commitment was not inhibited by actinomycin or cordycepin but was blocked
      by cycloheximide. In this study, we show that dexamethasone blocks HMBA-mediated
      activation of alpha 1- and beta maj-globin gene transcription but not the induced
      chromatin change characterized by appearance of DNase I-hypersensitive regions
      upstream from the 5' cap sites of the alpha 1- and beta maj-globin genes. A rapid
      (less than 2 hr) activation (step-up) of alpha 1-globin gene transcription was
      observed if, after 48-60 hr in culture with HMBA and dexamethasone, MELC were
      transferred to medium with HMBA alone. Activation of transcription of the beta
      maj-globin gene requires 12-24 hr of further culture. Cycloheximide inhibits step
      up transcription of both globin genes. Thus, dexamethasone blocks HMBA-mediated
      modulation of transcription of several nonlinked genes whose expression is
      altered in a coordinated manner during induced MELC terminal differentiation.
      Further, the steroid blocks at a late step, a step after that which is rate
      limiting to HMBA-mediated MELC differentiation.

PMID- 3860842
TI  - The cytoplasmic matrix: its volume and surface area and the diffusion of
      molecules through it.
AB  - In this work we look into the problem of why proteins, unlike small molecules,
      diffuse in the cytoplasm much more slowly than in aqueous solutions. In order to
      examine whether the cytoplasmic matrix could, by simple obstruction, retard
      protein diffusion to such an extent, we developed a method to measure
      semiquantitatively the fractional volume occupied by the cytoplasmic matrix
      (which includes the microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules, and the
      microtrabeculae of the cytoplasmic matrix). This method yielded values in the
      range of only 16-21%. Thus, a more elaborate model is suggested in which the
      diffusing proteins bind and dissociate constantly from the surfaces in the
      cytoplasmic matrix. From this model, the diffusion coefficients and the measured
      values of the fractional volumes, we calculated the corresponding binding
      constants. These values indicate that most of the diffusing proteins are bound to
      the matrix at any given time, in spite of the possibility that they may bind and
      dissociate very rapidly. In addition, from our measurements, we estimate the
      surface area of structures within the cytoplasmic matrix to be in the range of
      69,000-91,000 micron 2 per cell.

PMID- 3860843
TI  - Expression of autophosphorylating protein kinase 500 in normal and neoplastic rat
      cells.
AB  - Autophosphorylating protein kinase 500 (AUT-PK 500) is a unique serine protein
      kinase that was originally purified and characterized from the rat adrenocortical
      carcinoma. A specific RIA with an assay sensitivity of 10 ng (0.02 pmol) was
      developed for AUT-PK 500 and applied to normal, embryonic, fetal, neonatal,
      immortal, and neoplastic tissues and cultured cells. As compared to normal rat
      tissues, the expression of AUT-PK 500 is elevated 100-fold in spontaneously
      occurring adrenocortical carcinoma 494, 50- to 60-fold in four chemically
      induced, rapidly growing hepatomas, 30-fold in the chemically induced mammary
      carcinoma, 20-fold in the cultured hepatoma cell line, and 4-fold in the Rat I
      and Rat II established tissue culture cell lines. There was also a 5-fold
      increase in the enzyme when freshly cultured rat skin epithelial-like cells were
      established. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that when the rat liver was
      chemically transformed into its premalignant altered foci, there was a 7-fold
      elevation of AUT-PK 500. Embryonic cells and fetal and neonatal tissues contained
      barely detectable (less than 0.22 micrograms/mg of protein) amounts of the
      protein kinase. These results suggest that AUT-PK 500 is not involved in the
      differentiation process during fetal development but may be elevated during early
      steps of carcinogenesis and is further elevated during later stages.

PMID- 3860844
TI  - Cell-type-specific pattern of myc protooncogene expression in developing human
      embryos.
AB  - The expression of viral oncogenes in cells transformed by acutely transforming
      retroviruses profoundly alters proliferation and differentiation in the target
      cell, suggesting that the cellular homologues of the viral oncogenes, the
      protooncogenes, have a role in normal cell proliferation and differentiation. To
      investigate the possible developmental role of protooncogenes in human
      embryogenesis, we have determined the spatial distribution of myc gene
      transcripts in early human embryos by using in situ hybridization of a labeled
      myc exon to thin sections. The results indicate a stage- and cell-type-specific
      regulation of c-myc gene expression in primarily epithelial cells of late first
      trimester embryos. Furthermore, the data suggest that the linkage between c-myc
      gene expression and cellular proliferation holds for only a restricted set of
      embryonic cells.

PMID- 3860845
TI  - Sequence and evolution of the human T-cell antigen receptor beta-chain genes.
AB  - We present the nucleotide sequences of the two genomic constant (C)-region gene
      segments, C beta 1 and C beta 2, encoding the beta chain of the human T-cell
      antigen receptor. The two C beta genes are organized identically to each other
      and to the corresponding mouse genes, both having four exons, whose boundaries
      were confirmed from the sequence of a C beta 2 cDNA clone from the T-cell line
      MOLT-4. The predicted amino acid sequences of human C beta 1 and C beta 2 differ
      at only five positions, which suggests that the proteins have very similar
      functions. This similarity is the result of strong nucleotide-sequence
      conservation in protein-coding regions, which extends to silent positions. A
      quantitative analysis of an alignment of the nucleotide sequences of the two
      human genes shows that whereas the 5' ends (including the first exon) are
      extremely homologous, the 3' ends are widely divergent, with other regions having
      intermediate levels of homology. Analysis of published data [Gascoigne, N.R.J.,
      Chien, Y., Becker, D.M., Kavaler, J. & Davis, M.M. (1984) Nature (London) 310,
      387-391] shows that the mouse C beta 1 and C beta 2 genes are also virtually
      identical in their first exons but more divergent in the remaining coding
      regions. Therefore, partial gene conversion events may have occurred during the
      evolution of both human and mouse C beta genes.

PMID- 3860846
TI  - Fusions of secreted proteins to alkaline phosphatase: an approach for studying
      protein secretion.
AB  - We have constructed a series of plasmids containing a modified form of the phoA
      gene of Escherichia coli K-12 that have general utility for studies of protein
      secretion. In these plasmids, the promoter and signal sequence-encoding region of
      the phoA gene have been deleted; thus, expression of the gene, giving rise to
      active alkaline phosphatase [orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline
      optimum), EC 3.1.3.1], is absolutely dependent upon fusion in the correct reading
      frame to DNA containing a promoter, a translational start site, and a complete
      signal sequence-encoding region. Alkaline phosphatase, which is normally located
      in the periplasm of E. coli, is efficiently secreted to the periplasm when fused
      either to a signal sequence from another periplasmic protein, beta-lactamase
      (penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase, EC 3.5.2.6), or to signal sequences from
      the outer membrane proteins LamB and OmpF. These heterologous signal sequences
      are processed during secretion. In the absence of a complete signal sequence,
      phosphatase becomes localized in the cytoplasm and is inactive. Phosphatase
      fusion proteins lacking up to 13 amino-terminal amino acids beyond the signal
      sequence show the same specific activity as that of the wild-type enzyme.
      However, a significant decrease in activity is seen when 39 or more amino
      terminal amino acids are deleted. Addition of approximately 150 amino acids from
      the enzyme beta-lactamase to the amino terminus of alkaline phosphatase has
      little effect on the specific activity of the enzyme. The ability to change the
      amino terminus of phosphatase without altering its activity makes the enzyme
      particularly useful for construction of protein fusions. The fact that
      phosphatase is designed for transport across the cytoplasmic membrane makes it an
      ideal tool for study of protein secretion.

PMID- 3860848
TI  - Identification of a unique tumor-specific antigen as a novel class I major
      histocompatibility molecule.
AB  - Cancers induced by physical or chemical carcinogens express tumor-specific
      antigens that are uniquely specific for any given tumor; therefore, there is a
      seemingly endless variety of these unique antigens. We have studied a UV-induced
      fibrosarcoma, designated 1591, to elucidate the obscure molecular nature and
      genetic origins of unique tumor-specific antigens. A monoclonal antibody raised
      against syngeneic 1591 tumor cells has unique tumor specificity. This tumor
      specific monoclonal antibody precipitated from the tumor a 45-kDa molecule
      associated with a 12-kDa molecule having the pI of beta2-microglobulin. This and
      other evidence indicated that the 1591 tumor expresses a novel class I molecule.
      A 1591 variant selected for the absence of binding to the monoclonal antibody
      lacked the novel class I MHC molecule as well as reactivity with cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes specific for the 1591 tumor. Furthermore, tumor cells bearing the
      antigen are rejected while variants that have lost the antigen grow
      progressively. Fourteen of 14 host-selected progressor tumor variants lost
      reactivity with the monoclonal antibody and provided further evidence that this
      novel class I molecule is a transplantation antigen on the parental 1591 tumor
      required for immune rejection. The identification of a unique tumor-specific
      antigen as a novel class I major histocompatibility complex gene product allows
      us to search for the possible genetic mechanisms involved and to explore further
      the role such molecules play in tumor immunity and malignancy.

PMID- 3860847
TI  - T-DNA border sequences required for crown gall tumorigenesis.
AB  - Similar 23-base-pair (bp) direct repeats occur at the ends of two adjacent but
      noncontiguous T-DNAs, TL and TR (left and right T-DNA), in the tumor-inducing
      plasmid pTiA6NC. Thus, three border repeats lie right and one lies left of TL,
      which carries the genes needed for tumor maintenance. To determine whether T-DNA
      transfer and integration (subsequently called T-DNA transmission) require
      sequences in addition to the 23-bp border repeat, we constructed a deletion
      removing the three potential TL right borders (the TL right border and both TR
      borders). Since this deletion severely attenuated virulence, we reintroduced
      restriction fragments containing the TL right border repeat at a new location to
      the right of TL and tested their ability to restore virulence. Fragments that
      carried the border repeat flanked by at least 67 bp of wild-type Ti plasmid
      sequences on the left and 1035 bp on the right restored virulence completely.
      Smaller fragments restored virulence significantly but not fully, even though the
      border repeat remained intact. Therefore, T-region sequences flanking the border
      repeat in the fully active fragments stimulated T-DNA integration. Fragments that
      restored virulence fully when inserted in the wild-type orientation stimulated
      virulence only slightly in the opposite orientation. Thus, the right border
      sequence promotes T-DNA transfer and integration best in one direction.

PMID- 3860849
TI  - Disialoganglioside GD3 on human melanoma serves as a relevant target antigen for
      monoclonal antibody-mediated tumor cytolysis.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody MB3.6 (IgG3) recognizes disialoganglioside GD3, which
      represents a major surface marker on most human melanoma cells. We demonstrate
      that this antibody effectively lyses four human melanoma cell lines expressing
      significant levels of GD3 on their surface by either of two mechanisms: antibody
      dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or complement-mediated cytotoxicity.
      However, a melanoma cell line that expresses minimal levels of GD3 on 13% of the
      cells shows insignificant lysis by MB3.6 by either of these two mechanisms,
      suggesting that a threshold level of antigen expression may be required for
      effective in vitro cytolysis. In addition, monoclonal antibody (MAb) MB3.6
      effectively inhibits establishment and growth of human melanoma tumors in the
      nude mouse when injected 24 hr after subcutaneous inoculation of tumor cells.
      Furthermore, MB3.6 produces specific regression of established melanoma tumors
      when injected 7 days after the subcutaneous inoculation of tumor cells. In
      contrast, tumor growth in animals injected with the melanoma cell line expressing
      minimal levels of GD3 was not affected by MAb MB3.6. These data indicate that
      once appropriate levels of the GD3 ganglioside are expressed on human melanoma
      cells, MAb MB3.6 can mediate tumor cell killing in vitro and in vivo and, thus,
      may prove useful for effective immunotherapy of human malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3860850
TI  - The regulation of DNA synthesis in quiescent lymphocytes by cytoplasmic
      inhibitors.
AB  - We previously have shown that proliferating lymphoid cells contain an extractable
      cytoplasmic protein that is capable of inducing DNA synthesis in isolated
      quiescent nuclei (activator of DNA replication, ADR). ADR is present in
      continuously proliferating (transformed) lymphoblastoid cell lines and in mitogen
      or interleukin 2-stimulated human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) but is not
      detectable in extracts from resting (unstimulated) PBL. In the present study, we
      investigated the possibility that quiescent PBL may contain a factor than can
      inhibit ADR activity. We found that unstimulated human PBL contain a heat-stable
      protein greater than or equal to 50,000 Da that is capable of suppressing the
      induction of DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei by ADR derived from both normal and
      neoplastic sources. The inhibitor was not detectable in freshly isolated PBL but
      appeared within the cells after a brief (2-6 hr) culture period. Depletion
      experiments revealed that the inhibitor was neither derived from nor dependent
      upon the macrophage component of the PBL cultures. These results suggest that one
      mechanism by which resting lymphocytes may maintain quiescence may involve the
      suppression of cytoplasmic mitogenic signals by intracellular inhibitors. In
      addition, the implications of our findings provide a possible explanation for the
      loss of growth control in abnormal proliferative states, such as neoplasia.

PMID- 3860851
TI  - Structural organization of the DR subregion of the human major histocompatibility
      complex.
AB  - Two clusters of overlapping cosmid and lambda phage clones comprising 205
      kilobases (kb) have been isolated from the DR subregion of the human major
      histocompatibility complex from a DR4 haplotype. A single DR alpha and three DR
      beta genes were identified. In one cluster (135 kb), the DR alpha gene is 90 kb
      distant from the DR beta gene encoding a molecule that carries the MT3
      serological specificity. In the second cluster (70 kb), the DR beta gene
      determining the DR4 specificity is located 22 kb apart from a DR beta pseudogene
      (DR beta psi). A 3- to 4-kb sequence located at the 5' end of the DR beta (MT3)
      gene is common to all three DR beta-chain genes. In addition, three more copies
      of this sequence are spaced between the DR alpha and the DR beta (MT3) genes in
      the first cluster and one of these, at least, is associated with a DR beta 1
      exon, suggesting that additional genes could be encoded in this region and that
      multiple duplication events have led to its evolution.

PMID- 3860852
TI  - Duck hepatitis B virus DNA in liver and serum of Chinese ducks: integration of
      viral DNA in a hepatocellular carcinoma.
AB  - The presence of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) DNA in liver and serum and its
      state (integrated vs. free) were studied in 23 ducks from Chi-tung county in
      China by spot hybridization and Southern blot hybridization, respectively. In 16
      of 23 (70%), DHBV DNA was detected in serum and/or in liver tissue. These
      infected ducks showed a variety of pathological changes including advanced
      chronic disease in the liver. In contrast, none of the virus-negative ducks had
      advanced hepatic changes. One DHBV DNA-seropositive duck had a large
      hepatocellular carcinoma. Southern blot analysis demonstrated integrated DHBV DNA
      in neoplastic tissue and abundant episomal DHBV DNA in non-neoplastic tissue of
      the liver. In one noninfected duck with a small adenoma, no viral DNA was
      detected in tumor or non-neoplastic tissue. The detection of integrated DHBV DNA
      in hepatocellular carcinoma suggests that DHBV behaves like human and woodchuck
      hepatitis viruses in relation to chronic liver disease and hepatocarcinogenesis.

PMID- 3860853
TI  - Effect of dietary ascorbic acid on the incidence of spontaneous mammary tumors in
      RIII mice.
AB  - A study of the effect of different amounts of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C),
      between 0.076% and 8.3%, contained in the food has been carried out with ten
      groups of RIII mice (seven ascorbic acid and three control groups), with 50 mice
      in each group. With an increase in the amount of ascorbic acid there is a highly
      significant decrease in the first-order rate constant for appearance of the first
      spontaneous mammary tumor after the lag time to detection by palpation. There is
      also an increase in the lag time. The mean body weight and mean food intake were
      not significantly different for the seven ascorbic acid groups. Striking
      differences were observed between the 0.076% ascorbic acid and the control groups
      (which synthesize the vitamin): smaller food intake, decreased lag time, and
      increased rate constant of appearance of the first mammary tumor. This comparison
      cannot be made experimentally for guinea pigs and primates because the control
      groups would develop scurvy.

PMID- 3860854
TI  - Morphine and other opiates from beef brain and adrenal.
AB  - We describe nonpeptide opioids found in extracts of beef hypothalamus and
      adrenal, which are recognized by antisera raised against morphine. Four have been
      purified to homogeneity. One is morphine. The structures of the other three have
      not been determined yet. None of them are derived from morphine or normorphine
      after extraction from the tissues. It is not known whether the opiates described
      here are of endogenous or exogenous origin.

PMID- 3860856
TI  - Glycyl-L-glutamine, a precursor, and glycyl-L-glutamic acid, a neurotrophic
      factor for maintenance of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in the
      preganglionically denervated superior cervical ganglion of the cat in vivo.
AB  - L. W. Haynes and M. E. Smith have reported [(1985) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 13, 174
      175] that glycyl-L-glutamine (Gly-Gln) increases the A12 and G4 forms of
      acetylcholinesterase (AcChoEase) in cultured embryonic rat skeletal muscle. Since
      Gly-Gln meets the criteria established for the neurotrophic factor (NF) in
      extracts of central nervous system/sciatic nerves that maintains AcChoEase and
      butyrylcholinesterase (BtChoEase) in the denervated cat superior cervical
      ganglion (SCG) in vivo, it was tested by the latter procedure. Solutions of Gly
      Gln (10(-7)-10(-3) M) in 0.9% NaCl solution were infused for 24 hr via the right
      common carotid artery of cats with preganglionically denervated SCG, following
      ligation of the external carotid and lingual arteries. At 48 hr postdenervation,
      the AcChoEase and BtChoEase contents of the right SCG were within the range of
      similarly treated controls infused with 0.9% NaCl solution; the AcChoEase and
      BtChoEase contents of the left SCG, where the infused solutions arrived by way of
      a much more circuitous route, were significantly elevated at concentrations of
      Gly-Gln of 10(-5) M and higher. This suggested that the neurotrophic effect on
      the left SCG was produced by a metabolite of Gly-Gln. Accordingly, glycine, L
      glutamine, and glycyl-L-glutamic acid (Gly-Glu) were then tested. Glycine and L
      glutamine were inactive; Gly-Glu, 10(-6)-10(-5) M, exerted a significantly
      positive neurotrophic effect at both the right and left SCG; at 10(-4) M, the
      effect was absent. The method employed currently for preparation of extracts of
      SCG for assay of AcChoEase, BtChoEase, and protein contents (homogenization of
      scissor-minced ganglia in water) was compared with homogenization in molar
      NaCl/1% Triton X-100. Values obtained by the former procedure, in comparison with
      the latter, were 91% +/- 7% for AcChoEase and 83% +/- 7% for BtChoEase, expressed
      as substrate hydrolyzed per mg of protein per min.

PMID- 3860855
TI  - Brain and muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are different but homologous
      proteins.
AB  - An alpha-bungarotoxin-binding protein was purified from chick optic lobe and
      brain by an improved method. Previous and present observations justify its
      designation as a brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR). It contains
      subunits whose apparent molecular weights are somewhat larger than those of
      subunits of peripheral AcChoRs. The size of the optic lobe AcChoR complex is
      greater than that of the peripheral receptor when estimated from its
      sedimentation behavior. Brain AcChoR subunits can be specifically precipitated by
      a monoclonal antibody directed against chick muscle AcChoR. Amino-terminal amino
      acid sequence analysis was performed on AcChoR preparations and isolated subunits
      from the optic lobe and from the rest of the chick brain. The sequences obtained
      demonstrate that, at least for the lowest molecular weight component, the AcChoRs
      from different brain areas are identical and they are highly homologous to muscle
      AcChoR. It is concluded that the brain alpha-bungarotoxin-binding protein is
      indeed a nicotinic AcChoR and is encoded by a set of genes that is different
      from, but strongly related to, that for the muscle AcChoR.

PMID- 3860857
TI  - Cholinergic ventral forebrain grafts into the neocortex improve passive avoidance
      memory in a rat model of Alzheimer disease.
AB  - The memory dysfunction of Alzheimer disease has been associated with a cortical
      cholinergic deficiency and loss of cholinergic neurons of the nucleus basalis of
      Meynert. This cholinergic component of Alzheimer disease can be modeled in the
      rat by ibotenic acid lesions of the cholinergic nucleus basalis magnocellularis.
      The memory impairment caused by such unilateral lesions, as reflected in passive
      avoidance behavior, is reversed by grafts into the deafferented neocortex of
      embryonic neurons of the cholinergic ventral forebrain, but not by grafts of
      noncholinergic hippocampal cells.

PMID- 3860858
TI  - Pulse-wave propagation in an artery with leakage into small side branches.
AB  - Linear pulse propagation theory is applied to a network of elastic tubes. The
      network is specialized to one having a main branch with many low-admittance side
      branches. Continuum approximations and an asymptotic analysis of side-branch
      network input admittance reduce the original network to a tapered leaky tube. The
      outflow law is equivalent to distributed Windkessels. The conductance and time
      constant of the Windkessels are related to the geometry of the side-branch
      networks. Viscous effects are included in the theory. Asymptotic methods are used
      to determine the dispersion relation and waveform amplitude in the frequency
      domain. Periodic pressure and flow waveforms are computed using Fourier
      synthesis.

PMID- 3860859
TI  - A 1H NMR technique for observing metabolite signals in the spectrum of perfused
      liver.
AB  - We have developed a 1H NMR technique to selectively edit the spectrum of perfused
      liver for specific resonances of metabolites that occur in low concentration. The
      method employs selective DANTE pulses, which avoid exciting the water signal and
      at the same time control the J modulation effect in the homonuclear spin-echo
      experiment. By difference spectroscopy, we have suppressed the background signals
      from lipids and water and have resolved the CH3 resonance of lactate at 1.33 ppm.
      Moreover, the technique is highly selective and allows us to select the CH3
      resonance of alanine at 1.47 ppm in the presence of the CH3 resonance of lactate
      at 1.33 ppm, even though the latter was much larger before editing. We have
      applied this technique to study the metabolic effect of ethanol in perfused mouse
      liver and have observed that the rate of formation of lactate from pyruvate is
      increased by a factor of 2.8 when ethanol is added.

PMID- 3860860
TI  - Selective alkylation of carcinogenic 9-anthryloxirane at the N-3 position of
      adenine in DNA.
AB  - Carcinogenic 9-anthryloxirane binds covalently to calf thymus DNA and poly(dA
      dT). Application of the technique for DNA sequence determination shows that acid
      cleavage of the modified DNA frees approximately half of the anthryl groups from
      the DNA. HPLC analysis indicates that an adenine adduct and the glycol derived
      from 9-anthryloxirane are the major acid-labile products. Spectroscopic analyses
      establish that the adenine adduct is the N-3 adduct of 9-anthryloxirane to
      adenine. Similar analyses of modified poly(dA-dT) indicate that the binding of 9
      anthryloxirane takes place selectively at the N-3 position of adenine. The
      significance of this finding is briefly discussed.

PMID- 3860861
TI  - Possible depletion of a DNA repair enzyme in human lymphoma cells by subversive
      repair.
AB  - Mex+ human lymphoma cell lines contain O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, a
      DNA repair enzyme that undergoes suicide inactivation on interaction with its
      substrate. The cells are therefore competent to remove the alkylation lesion O6
      methylguanine from their DNA. However, several repair-deficient lymphoma cell
      lines (Mex-) are also known. It is shown here that Mex+ cells can be converted
      temporarily to a Mex- phenotype by growth in nontoxic concentrations of free O6
      methylguanine. The depletion of methyltransferase activity is not a result of O6
      methylguanine incorporation into DNA and subsequent demethylation by the enzyme.
      It is proposed that O6-methylguanine is mistakenly incorporated into tRNA
      molecules by means of a post-transcriptional ribosyl transfer reaction. The
      demethylation of such bases in tRNA has been demonstrated by using bacterial and
      human DNA repair enzymes. The existence of such a subversive repair of a
      methylated base in tRNA raises the possibility of competition between DNA and RNA
      for cellular DNA repair enzymes. Furthermore, it is proposed that the known
      aberrant methylation of tRNA in certain transformed cells, together with
      subversive tRNA repair, could account for the Mex- phenotype.

PMID- 3860862
TI  - High specific activity enantiomerically enriched juvenile hormones: synthesis and
      binding assay.
AB  - A stereoselective total synthesis of chiral juvenile hormone I is described that
      allows stoichiometric introduction of two tritium atoms in the final step. Both
      optical antipodes of the pivotal epoxy alcohol intermediate were prepared in 95%
      enantiomeric excess by the Sharpless epoxidation of a (Z)-allylic alcohol.
      Elaboration of the hydroxy-methyl group to a vinyl group followed by selective
      homogeneous tritiation affords optically active juvenile hormone I analogs at 58
      Ci/mmol. Competitive binding of the labeled 10R, 11S and 10S,11R enantiomers with
      unlabeled enantiomers to the hemolymph binding protein of Manduca sexta larvae
      was determined by using a dextran-coated charcoal assay. The natural 10R,11S
      enantiomer has twice the relative binding affinity of the 10S,11R enantiomer. The
      availability of such high specific activity optically pure hormones will
      contribute substantially to the search for high-affinity receptors for juvenile
      hormones in the nuclei of cells. Moreover, the chiral 12-hydroxy-(10R,11S)-epoxy
      intermediate allows modification of juvenile hormone for solid-phase biochemical
      and radioimmunochemical work without altering either the biologically important
      carbomethoxy or epoxy recognition sites.

PMID- 3860864
TI  - Protonic conductivity of hydrated lysozyme powders at megahertz frequencies.
AB  - Dielectric losses were measured for lysozyme powders of varied hydration level by
      a dielectric-gravimetric technique in the frequency range of 10 kHz to 10 MHz.
      The relaxation showed an isotope effect and pH dependence, indicating that the
      inferred conductivity is protonic. The transport process is likely restricted to
      the surface of individual macromolecules and involves shifting of protons between
      ionizable side chain groups of the protein. The time constant of the relaxation
      shows cooperativity in its seventh-order dependence on bound protons. The process
      develops in the hydration region critical for the onset of the catalytic
      properties of the enzyme. The binding of a substrate increases the relaxation
      time by a factor of 2. These observations suggest that the megahertz dispersion
      reflects behavior at the protein surface, specifically the cooperative channeling
      of proton flow through the active site, that may be of particular significance
      for the enzymatic and other functional properties of proteins.

PMID- 3860863
TI  - c-myc mRNA levels in the cell cycle change in mouse erythroleukemia cells
      following inducer treatment.
AB  - Several lines of evidence suggest that the c-myc protooncogene is involved in
      some aspect of cell division in mammalian cells. We have been investigating
      changes in the expression of c-myc mRNA in mouse erythroleukemia cells during
      chemically induced terminal erythroid differentiation. In vitro induction of
      erythroleukemia cell differentiation results in a switch from cells with
      unlimited proliferative capacity to cells that undergo a small number of terminal
      cell divisions. The level of c-myc mRNA changes rapidly following treatment with
      inducing agents. After a very rapid decline the mRNA is restored to pretreatment
      levels and then declines again. We have now measured the level of c-myc mRNA with
      respect to position in the cell cycle. Prior to inducer treatment the level of c
      myc mRNA is relatively constant throughout the cell cycle. However, when the mRNA
      is restored following treatment with hypoxanthine or hexamethylenebisacetamide,
      it is found primarily in cells in the G1 phase. Thus, treatment with inducers of
      differentiation leads to a change in the cell cycle regulation of c-myc mRNA.
      This change may be involved in the altered proliferative capacity of the cells
      that occurs during terminal differentiation.

PMID- 3860865
TI  - Experimental resolution of cooperative free energies for the ten ligation states
      of human hemoglobin.
AB  - Tetrameric human hemoglobin can assume ten molecular forms that differ in the
      number and configuration of ligands bound at the four heme sites. For each of
      these species we have determined the cooperative free energy--i.e., the deviation
      in free energy of ligation from that which would obtain for the same sites
      binding as independent alpha and beta subunits. These cooperative free energies
      were resolved from measurements on the dissociation into dimers of tetramers in
      which each subunit is either unligated (Fe2+ deoxy) or "ligated" by conversion
      into the cyanomet form (Fe3+ CN). The results indicate that each hemoglobin
      tetramer acts as a three-level molecular switch. During the course of ligation,
      the total cooperative free energy (6 kcal/mol over all four binding steps) is
      expended in two transitions that are synchronized with particular ligation steps.
      Whether a cooperative energy transition occurs or not depends upon how the
      ligation step changes both the number and configuration of ligated subunits. The
      hemoglobin tetramer is thus a "combinatorial switch." The finding of three
      distinct free energy levels for the ten ligation states suggests the existence of
      three major structural forms of the hemoglobin tetramer.

PMID- 3860866
TI  - Variable stoichiometry in active ion transport: theoretical analysis of
      physiological consequences.
AB  - Active ion transport systems with fixed stoichiometry are subject to a
      thermodynamic limit on the ion concentration gradients that they can generate and
      maintain, and their net rates of transport must inevitably decrease as this limit
      is approached. The capability to vary stoichiometry might thus be physiologically
      advantageous: a shift to lower stoichiometry (fewer ions pumped per reaction
      cycle) at increasing thermodynamic load could increase the limit on the
      supportable concentration gradient and could accelerate the rate of transport
      under high-load conditions. Here we present a theoretical and numerical analysis
      of this possibility, using the sarcoplasmic reticulum ATP-driven Ca pump as the
      example. It is easy to introduce alternate pathways into the reaction cycle for
      this system to shift the stoichiometry (Ca2+/ATP) from the normal value of 2:1 to
      1:1, but it cannot be done without simultaneous generation of a pathway for
      uncoupled leak of Ca2+ across the membrane. This counteracts the advantageous
      effect of the change in transport stoichiometry and a physiologically useful rate
      acceleration cannot be obtained. This result is likely to be generally applicable
      to most active transport systems.

PMID- 3860867
TI  - Radiation inactivation of ricin occurs with transfer of destructive energy across
      a disulfide bridge.
AB  - The ionizing radiation sensitivity of ricin, a disulfide-linked heterodimeric
      protein, was studied as a model to determine the ability of disulfide bonds to
      transmit destructive energy. The radiation-dependent loss of A chain enzymatic
      activity after irradiation of either intact ricin or ricin in which the
      interchain disulfide bond was disrupted gave target sizes corresponding to the
      molecular size of dimeric ricin or monomeric A chain, respectively. These results
      clearly show that a disulfide bond can transmit destructive energy between
      protein subunits.

PMID- 3860868
TI  - Kinetic analysis of regulatory events in G1 leading to proliferation or
      quiescence of Swiss 3T3 cells.
AB  - Kinetic analysis of cellular response to serum deprivation or inhibition of
      protein synthesis was performed on Swiss 3T3 cells. Time-lapse cinematographic
      analysis of individual cells transiently exposed to serum-free medium (with or
      without the addition of purified growth factors) or cycloheximide enabled a
      detailed mapping of the magnitude and variability of cellular response in
      different parts of the cell cycle. In all cells, in all stages of the cell cycle,
      serum deprivation resulted in inhibition of protein synthesis, but only in
      postmitotic cells in the first 3-4 hr of G1 (here denoted the G1pm phase) did it
      produce cell-cycle arrest. During G1pm, the cells are highly dependent on the
      continuous presence of serum growth factors and a high level of protein synthesis
      in order to progress toward mitosis. A 1-hr exposure to serum-free medium or to
      cycloheximide was sufficient to force most G1pm cells into a state of quiescence
      (G0), from which the cells required 8 hr to return to G1pm. During G1pm the cells
      complete the growth factor-dependent processes leading to commitment for
      proliferation. Thereafter they enter the growth factor-independent pre-DNA
      synthetic part of G1 (here denoted G1ps). The commitment process in G1pm could be
      successfully completed in the presence of platelet-derived growth factor as the
      only supplied growth factor. Epidermal growth factor and insulin were
      insufficient for the completion of the commitment processes in G1pm, although
      they were able to temporarily prevent the G1pm cells from entering G0 during
      serum starvation. Under conditions optimal for proliferation, the cells complete
      the commitment processes in G1pm within a remarkably constant time period. Almost
      all cells in the population left G1pm and entered G1ps between the third and
      fourth hour after mitosis. The duration of G1ps, on the other hand, showed a
      large intercellular variability consistent with a transition-probability event.
      In fact, G1ps accounts for most of the variability in G1 and cell cycle time.

PMID- 3860869
TI  - Nanomolar concentrations of Bowman-Birk soybean protease inhibitor suppress x-ray
      induced transformation in vitro.
AB  - Experiments reported here indicate a crude soybean extract, if defatted with
      acetone, effectively blocks cell transformation in vitro. An active component of
      this crude extract is the Bowman-Birk trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor. The
      chymotrypsin-inhibitory region of the Bowman-Birk inhibitor is responsible for
      suppressing in vitro transformation. Another low molecular weight soybean trypsin
      inhibitor does not significantly suppress transformation. The Bowman-Birk
      inhibitor (i) has an irreversible effect on the transformation process, (ii) can
      suppress radiation-induced transformation even when added to cultures many days
      after the carcinogen exposure, and (iii) is effective in its ability to suppress
      transformation when present in the medium at a concentration as low as 0.125 nM.

PMID- 3860870
TI  - Chromosomal radiosensitivity during the G2 cell-cycle period of skin fibroblasts
      from individuals with familial cancer.
AB  - We reported previously that human cells after neoplastic transformation in
      culture had acquired an increased susceptibility to chromatid damage induced by x
      irradiation during the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Evidence suggested that this
      results from deficient DNA repair during G2 phase. Cells derived from human
      tumors also showed enhanced G2-phase chromosomal radiosensitivity. Furthermore,
      skin fibroblasts from individuals with genetic diseases predisposing to a high
      risk of cancer, including ataxia-telangiectasia, Bloom syndrome, Fanconi anemia,
      and xeroderma pigmentosum exhibited enhanced G2-phase chromosomal
      radiosensitivity. The present study shows that apparently normal skin fibroblasts
      from individuals with familial cancer--i.e., from families with a history of
      neoplastic disease--also exhibit enhanced G2-phase chromosomal radiosensitivity.
      This radiosensitivity appears, therefore, to be associated with both a genetic
      predisposition to cancer and a malignant neoplastic state. Furthermore, enhanced
      G2-phase chromosomal radiosensitivity may provide the basis for an assay to
      detect genetic susceptibility to cancer.

PMID- 3860871
TI  - N-myc can cooperate with ras to transform normal cells in culture.
AB  - N-myc, a cellular gene bearing homology to the c-myc protooncogene, is frequently
      amplified and overexpressed in a highly restricted set of related tumors, most
      notably neuroblastomas and retinoblastomas. We have examined the possibility that
      N-myc may play a causal role in the genesis of these tumors by defining its
      ability to transform primary cells in tissue culture. Using an N-myc expression
      construct capable of producing constitutively deregulated levels of full-length
      murine N-myc mRNA, we demonstrate that a deregulated N-myc gene can cooperate
      with the activated Ha-ras oncogene to cause tumorigenic conversion of normal
      embryonic fibroblasts in a manner indistinguishable from the deregulated c-myc
      oncogene. Cell lines established from N-myc/ras-transformed foci express high
      levels of the N-myc gene, and such lines are similar to c-myc/ras transformants
      in their ability to grow in soft agar and cause tumors in syngeneic rats. These
      results illustrate that N-myc does encode a c-myc-like transforming activity and
      that this transforming activity is not specific for the very restricted set of
      tumors in which N-myc is normally amplified or overexpressed.

PMID- 3860872
TI  - Molecular characterization of novel H-2 class I molecules expressed by a C3H UV
      induced fibrosarcoma.
AB  - Two novel class I-like molecules expressed on tumor 1591, a C3H UV-induced
      fibrosarcoma, are biochemically characterized using two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis, a cross-blocking RIA, and tryptic peptide mapping. One novel
      molecule that reacts with CP28, a syngeneic tumor-specific monoclonal antibody,
      appears mosaic because it possesses characteristics of both Kk and Dk class I
      molecules. The second molecule is closely related but not identical to the bona
      fide Ld molecule expressed on BALB/c spleen. Thus 1591 expresses at least two
      novel class I molecules and is vigorously rejected by normal C3H mice, while a
      variant tumor derived from 1591, termed AS7, does not express these two class I
      molecules although it still expresses Kk and Dk. The significance of these
      observations to the immunobiology and genetics of the UV-induced fibrosarcoma
      system is discussed. Speculations on the role that the major histocompatibility
      complex may play in the immunosurveillance of neoplasms are also presented.

PMID- 3860873
TI  - The I region of the C57BL/10 mouse: characterization and physical linkage to H-2K
      of an SB beta-like class II pseudogene, psi A beta 3.
AB  - In the C57BL/10 mouse, 140 kilobases (kb) of the I region (I-Ab, I-Eb) were
      isolated as recombinant cosmids. The class II genes A beta 2, A beta 1, A alpha,E
      beta 1, E beta 2, and E alpha are located from centromere to telomere in a region
      of approximately equal to 110 kb, which shows that the I region in the b
      haplotype has a similar overall organization to those described for the d, k, and
      wr7 haplotypes. In addition to these genes, we have also isolated a class II
      gene, psi A beta 3, which is physically linked to the class I H-2K region, 75 kb
      telomeric to the H-2Kb gene. This orients the H-2K region on the genetic map with
      the H-2Kb gene being located toward the I region. The sequence of the beta 2
      domain of psi A beta 3 is similar to the immunoglobulin-like domain of other
      class II genes. Interestingly, it shows 83% nucleotide homology to the human SB
      beta gene, the same homology that was seen previously between the immunoglobulin
      like exons of A beta 1 and DC beta and between E beta 1 and DR beta,
      respectively. It is likely, therefore, that psi A beta 3 represents a member of a
      third SB-like class II gene family present in addition to I-A and I-E genes and
      that the divergence of the SB family predates the speciation of rodents and
      primates. Comparison of the DNA sequence of the exon encoding the beta 2 domain
      of psi A beta 3 in the b or k haplotypes with functional class II genes shows
      that a deletion of eight nucleotides has occurred, such that the psi A beta 3
      sequence cannot be translated into a functional class II protein. This suggests
      that psi A beta 3 is a pseudogene.

PMID- 3860875
TI  - Vasopressin mRNA in situ hybridization: localization and regulation studied with
      oligonucleotide cDNA probes in normal and Brattleboro rat hypothalamus.
AB  - Hybridizable vasopressin mRNA may be quantitatively localized in situ in sections
      from rat hypothalamus. Radiolabeled oligonucleotide cDNA probes, synthesized by
      chemical and enzymatic means, provide strong hybridization in zones known to
      contain vasopressin cell bodies. Multiple single-stranded 32P-, 35S-, or 3H
      labeled oligonucleotides demonstrate localized hybridization that increases as
      probes are lengthened from 8 to 75 bases. Competition studies, RNase experiments,
      anatomic localization, and use of multiple probes all support hybridization
      specificity. An approximate doubling of hybridizable mRNA in both supraoptic and
      paraventricular nuclei can be detected with dehydration of the animals.
      Hybridizable mRNA densities are virtually normal in hypothalamic nuclei of
      Brattleboro rats given free access to water. These methods can provide insight
      into regional mRNA dynamics and may reflect functional activity of peptidergic
      neurons.

PMID- 3860874
TI  - Enhanced complement-mediated lysis of type III paroxysmal nocturnal
      hemoglobinuria erythrocytes involves increased C9 binding and polymerization.
AB  - The interaction of terminal complement proteins (C5-C9) with normal erythrocytes
      and type III paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria erythrocytes (PNH-E) has been
      compared in terms of binding of the C5-9 complex, C9 polymerization, and C9
      insertion into membranes. Complement components C5, C7, and C8 bind equally well
      to both types of erythrocytes, whereas the binding of C9 to PNH-E is 5-6 times
      greater than that to normal erythrocytes. The kinetics of C9 binding was compared
      with the kinetics of lysis for both types of cells under conditions leading to
      100% lysis. There was a noticeable lag time between C9 binding and lysis of
      normal erythrocytes, but the lysis of PNH-E proceeded without a lag and the
      kinetics of lysis more closely paralleled C9 binding. The efficiency of C9
      insertion was similar for both types of cells, but C9 polymerization was
      significantly enhanced on PNH-E. These data indicate that the enhanced
      susceptibility of type III PNH-E toward lysis by C5-9 can be correlated with
      abnormally high C9 binding and increased formation of poly(C9).

PMID- 3860876
TI  - Antiserum to lens antigens immunostains Muller glia cells in the neural retina.
AB  - Antiserum to a lens fraction enriched for alpha-crystallin selectively
      immunostains Muller glia cells in the neural retina of several vertebrate
      species. Also, in embryonic retina (chicken), this antiserum reacts with Muller
      cells and, at early stages of development, with their apparent precursors. Thus,
      antibodies to a lens product(s) detect a Muller glia cell marker that begins to
      be expressed very early in their ontogeny and can be useful in studies on
      differentiation, function, and pathologies of this cell type.

PMID- 3860877
TI  - Experimental transmission of a microsporidian pathogen from mosquitoes to an
      alternate copepod host.
AB  - Meiospores of a microsporidian parasite Amblyospora sp. (Protozoa: Microspora)
      from larval Aedes cantator mosquitoes were directly infectious to an alternate
      copepod host, Acanthocyclops vernalis (Arthropoda: Crustacea). Infections ranged
      from 6.7% to 60.0% in laboratory tests when meiospores and copepods were
      maintained together for 10-30 days in filtered water from the breeding site or in
      a balanced salt solution. Pathogen development takes place within host adipose
      tissue and is fatal to the copepod. The entire developmental sequence of this
      microsporidian in the copepod is unikaryotic and there is no ultrastructural
      evidence of a sexual cycle or a restoration of the diploid condition in the
      alternate host. Single uninucleated spores similar to those previously described
      for the genus Pyrotheca are formed. Results demonstrate that haploid meiospores
      of Amblyospora from mosquitoes have the function of transmitting the pathogen to
      another host and that members of this genus are polymorphic and have at least
      three distinct developmental cycles, each producing a different spore.

PMID- 3860878
TI  - Influence of dietary vitamin E and selenium on the ex-vivo synthesis of
      prostaglandin E2 in brain regions of young and old rats.
AB  - The potential for synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in cerebrum (CC),
      cerebellum (CM), mid-brain (MB) and brain stem (BS) was measured in 1 and 15
      month old male F344 rats fed diets containing 0, 30, or 200 IU vitamin E (-E, E,
      +E, respectively) and 0.0, 0.1, or 0.2 ppm selenium (-Se, Se, +Se, respectively)
      for 8 or 20 weeks. Regardless of dietary treatments, the rank order of PGE2
      synthesis was CC greater than CM greater than BS = MB in the young rats; CC
      greater than MB greater than BS = CM in the old rats; and CC greater than MB
      greater than BS greater than CM in the aged rats. PGE2 synthesis in all brain
      regions were significantly influenced by dietary treatments except CC. -E diets
      increased and +E diets decreased PGE2 production. Young rats were most
      susceptible to PGE2 alteration by vitamin E deficiency while old rats responded
      most markedly to supplementation. All brain regions showed decreases in their
      capacity to synthesize PGE2 with age, except MB where the opposite effect was
      seen. Dietary Se treatment had a minimal role in PGE2 synthesis in gross
      anatomical regions of brain. The degree to which PGE2 synthesis is affected is
      more dependent on dietary vitamin E level and tissue alpha-tocopherol content
      than on Se. CM and BS of aged rats appear to require more alpha-tocopherol to
      maintain steady state levels than other areas, thus the synthesis of PGE2 in
      these regions could be highly susceptible to alterations in dietary vitamin E.

PMID- 3860879
TI  - Antihypertensive activity and metabolic rate of prostaglandin E1 in surgical
      patients under general anesthesia.
AB  - Plasma immunoreactive prostaglandin E (iPGE) levels during PGE1 infusion for
      controlling systemic blood pressure were investigated. Differences in systemic
      blood pressure changes between halothane-nitrous oxide-oxygen (GOF) anesthesia
      groups and a neuroleptanesthesia (NLA) group during infusion in hypertensive
      surgical patients were compared. Plasma iPGE concentration increased from 200 +/-
      30 pg/ml to 408 +/- 55 pg/ml within 5 minutes at the beginning of PGE1 infusion.
      After the cessation of PGE1 infusion, iPGE levels quickly returned to pre
      infusion levels, but blood pressure had not recovered to pre-infusion levels
      within 30 minutes. Blood pressure was well controlled with PGE1 infusion, but the
      pressure changes in GOF anesthesia group were significantly larger than those in
      the NLA group. The results suggest that the long anti-hypertensive action of PGE1
      could be effective to control blood pressure in hypertensive surgical patients
      during and after surgery.

PMID- 3860880
TI  - A new radioimmunoassay for urinary thromboxane B2 with prior purification by high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - In order to assess the role of the renally formed thromboxane A2 in humans, a new
      radioimmunoassay was developed for the determination of the urinary excretion of
      thromboxane B2, the stable metabolite of thromboxane A2. Urines were extracted
      with ethylacetate and thromboxane B2 was separated from the other primary
      prostaglandins by a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography using
      water, acetonitrile and acetic acid (71:29:0.1) as mobile phase with an overall
      recovery of 44.1% +/- 1.3 (n = 42). The radioimmunoassay, performed on the
      fraction containing thromboxane B2 used a sensitive (less than 1pg) and highly
      specific antibody (final dilution: 1/460 800) that we have raised in the rabbit.
      The coefficient of variation was found lower than 5% in the usable part of the
      standard curve and the inter-assay reproducibility was at 7.3%. The 24-hour
      urinary excretion of thromboxane B2 measured in 26 healthy adults established at
      109 +/- 12.9 ng/24h in men and at 99.5 +/- 9.2 ng/24 h in women. Therefore, it
      differed from that of the other prostaglandins by lower values devoid of sex
      related differences.

PMID- 3860881
TI  - Central administration of prostaglandin E2 facilitates while F2 alpha attenuates
      acute dependence upon morphine rats.
AB  - The effects of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), E2 (PGE2), and F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) on
      acute dependence on morphine were investigated. Five mature, male Long-Evans rats
      were trained to lever press for food reinforcement on a fixed-ratio 30 schedule
      (FR 30 behavior) and implanted with permanent guide cannulas with the tips of the
      cannulas in their right lateral brain ventricles. The experimental protocol began
      with a 45 minute behavioral session and brain infusion (1 microliter/minute of a
      solution containing 2.3 mM CaCl2 in 0.9% saline, ICV). Fifteen minutes into the
      session the rats were injected with 7.5 mg morphine/kg (IP). Beginning 2.25 hours
      later the brain infusion was reinitiated during a second 45 minute behavioral
      session which was interrupted after 15 minutes to inject 1.0 mg naloxone/kg (IP).
      In several experiments a dose of PG, which did not in-and-of-itself affect
      behavior, was added to the infusion medium. Prior to the naloxone injection it
      was ascertained that the behavioral effects of morphine had dissipated. The
      injection of naloxone or saline did not alter behavior of the rats while they
      were being infused with a PG or PG vehicle. Injection of naloxone, 3 hours after
      the injection of morphine, resulted in a significant suppression of FR 30
      behavior (withdrawal). A dose of PGE2, which did not alter the initial
      suppressant action of morphine, potentiated the naloxone effect. A dose of PGF2
      alpha, which likewise did not alter the initial action of morphine, antagonized
      the naloxone effect. However, a higher dose of PGF2 alpha which enhanced the
      initial morphine effect, caused an enhanced naloxone effect as well.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3860882
TI  - Smooth pursuit eye movements in subjects reporting physical anhedonia and
      perceptual aberrations.
AB  - Two studies were conducted to evaluate the ability of schizotypic subjects to
      track the horizontal movement of a light source across the face of an
      oscilloscope. In the first experiment, subjects were selected based on their
      scores on the Physical Anhedonia Scale (Chapman et al., 1976). The high anhedonic
      group was found to be significantly more variable than the low anhedonic group
      and contained three subjects with particularly deviant smooth pursuit eye
      movements (SPEM). In the second study, an additional group of schizotypic
      subjects who scored high on the Perceptual Aberration Scale (Chapman et al.,
      1978) was selected. In this study, eye-tracking records produced by both the
      anhedonic and perceptual aberration subjects were more variable than those
      recorded from control subjects, and once again, the most deviant records were
      produced by a small subgroup (n = 10) of the schizotypic subjects. These
      questionnaire-identified schizotypes with poor tracking ability might comprise a
      group of subjects especially vulnerable to a future schizophrenia-like disorder.

PMID- 3860883
TI  - Serum lithium minimum and diuresis.
AB  - Serum lithium was analyzed over a 24-hour period in patients who were receiving
      lithium in one daily dose. Linear regression was performed with urine volume as
      the independent variable and lithium dose, maximum serum lithium concentration.
      12-hour serum lithium, minimum serum lithium, length of treatment, and age of
      patients as the dependent variables. Only minimum serum lithium and urine volume
      showed a good positive correlation.

PMID- 3860884
TI  - Mood-independent aberrancies in associative processes in bipolar affective
      disorder: an apparent stabilizing effect of lithium.
AB  - Forty-eight patients from an affective disorders clinic were tested twice with a
      word association test. They gave significantly fewer repetitions of common
      responses than did 29 normal controls. This difference was not related to
      subgroup diagnosis (bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar, schizoaffective, and
      cyclothymic personality), to mood state at the time of testing, or to cycling
      frequency. The total number of repeated responses was directly correlated with
      serum lithium level (r = 0.44, p less than 0.01, especially in those judged good
      lithium responders (r = 0.71, p less than 0.05). This finding may reflect a
      normalizing effect of lithium on associative processes in affective illness.

PMID- 3860885
TI  - Increased urine volume in chronic schizophrenic patients.
AB  - Polydipsia and polyuria have a long association with schizophrenia. To assess the
      prevalence of polydipsia and polyuria in schizophrenia, urine volume was examined
      in medication-free chronic schizophrenic patients, normal controls, and
      nonschizophrenic patients. Mean urine volume was significantly higher in the
      schizophrenic patients (2319 +/- SD 2052 ml/24 hours) than in the other two
      groups (1054 +/- SD 471 ml/24 hours for nonschizophrenic patients and 1265 +/- SD
      613 ml/24 hours for normals). Seven of 35 patients with schizophrenia but 0/7
      nonschizophrenics had urine volumes greater than any normal control. Polyuria was
      associated with a good premorbid history and a positive neuroleptic response.
      Among polyuric patients, those with hyponatremia may represent a different,
      distinct subgroup. Neuroleptic treatment was associated with a further,
      significant increase in urine volume. Hence, polydipsia and polyuria appear to be
      relatively common in schizophrenia.

PMID- 3860886
TI  - Altered norepinephrine metabolism following long-term weight recovery in patients
      with anorexia nervosa.
AB  - This study evaluated the relationship between noradrenergic function and long
      term weight recovery in patients with anorexia nervosa. Eleven patients with long
      term weight maintenance (6 to 72 months) had lower plasma and cerebrospinal fluid
      concentrations of norepinephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol than did
      healthy controls. Reduced noradrenergic activity may be associated with long-term
      stability of weight recovery in patients with anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 3860887
TI  - Tonic pain inhibits phasic pain: evoked cerebral potential correlates in man.
AB  - In a sample of 10 healthy volunteers phasic pain ratings and evoked cerebral
      potentials (EPs) elicited by brief electrical skin stimuli were investigated in
      periods before, during, and after contralateral tonic ischemia pain. In all
      subjects the phasic pain ratings and the late EP components P80-N150 and N150
      P260 were depressed under concurrent tonic pain. The magnitude of the mean
      reduction (31%, 40%, and 26%) is comparable to morphine analgesia. The early EP
      components with latencies below 80 ms, which are considered to be correlates of
      mechanosensitivity, were not influenced. The findings of tonic pain inhibiting
      phasic pain are discussed on the basis of changes in attention as well as of pain
      specific physiological mechanisms like diffuse noxious inhibitory control.

PMID- 3860888
TI  - [Mathematical model of the sarcomagenic action of osteotropic alpha emitters].
AB  - A model for osteosarcoma induction by alpha-emitters is proposed which is based
      on a well-known conception on the mechanisms of radiation-induced cancer, the
      processes of bone tissue regeneration, and the kinetics of cells subjected to
      carcinogenic risk. The main mathematical relations of the proposed model are
      presented. The dose-effect relationship of the model is compared with the
      epidemiological data available on the development of osteosarcoma in patients
      affected by long-lived radium isotopes.

PMID- 3860889
TI  - [Occlusal relation. 7].

PMID- 3860890
TI  - [Occlusal relation. 8].

PMID- 3860892
TI  - [The Robert Frederic Dumont orthobloc].

PMID- 3860891
TI  - [Occlusal relation. 9].

PMID- 3860893
TI  - [Beryllium (Be) and compounds].

PMID- 3860894
TI  - [Occlusal relation. 10].

PMID- 3860895
TI  - [Medicinal plants of long ago specific to dentistry].

PMID- 3860896
TI  - Estramustine phosphate-reduced proliferation of murine and human cell lines and
      murine transplantable tumors.
AB  - The effect of estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) on the growth of murine aplastic
      mammary carcinoma, Ehrlich carcinoma, melanoma B-16, and five cell lines: L929
      (mouse fibroblasts), BHK (baby hamster kidney), HeLa (human cervical carcinoma),
      HEp-2 (human laryngeal carcinoma), and K562 (human granulocytic leukemia) was
      investigated. In vivo, estramustine phosphate inhibits the growth of aplastic
      mammary carcinoma and Ehrlich carcinoma, but has no effect on melanoma B-16. In
      cultured aplastic mammary carcinoma, estramustine phosphate decreased the
      incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA. This drug inhibits the population growth
      of L929, BHK, HEp-2, and K562 cultures, but stimulates the growth of HeLa cells.
      We conclude that estramustine phosphate retards the growth of various cells, and
      that studies of other potential fields of application of the drug (aside from
      prostatic carcinoma) is justified.

PMID- 3860897
TI  - Proliferation of myometrial nerves in a patient with severe dysmenorrhea.

PMID- 3860898
TI  - Splenectomy for Felty's syndrome.

PMID- 3860899
TI  - The perceived needs of Rhode Island physicians concerning patient education
      programs.

PMID- 3860900
TI  - The significance of x-ray examinations of limb musculature in neuromuscular
      diseases with special regard to childhood diseases.
AB  - On the basis of examinations performed on 29 children suffering from various
      muscular diseases, the authors give a detailed discussion of the application,
      indication and advantages of muscles x-rays in diagnosing neuromuscular diseases.
      With the help of x-rays of the musculature an inside view can be obtained in
      vivo, in a non-invasive manner, of structural changes in the muscles, and the
      progress of the disease can be followed up objectively. The method opens up new
      possibilities of diagnosis and promotes a more thorough knowledge of the
      pathological processes.

PMID- 3860901
TI  - Circumferential continuity of perikymata in human dental enamel investigated by
      scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - Theoretically the perikymata may represent one of two possible configurations:
      closed circles or continuous spirals. In the present study one randomly selected
      perikyma groove in one randomly selected tooth (the mandibular first premolar of
      a 12-yr-old girl) was tracked around the circumference of the crown in the
      scanning electron microscope. It was found that the perikymata geometrically
      represented closed circles. The possibility of methodologic error was excluded.

PMID- 3860902
TI  - Tetracycline-impregnated enamel and dentin: duration of antimicrobial capacity.
AB  - The present study was done in order to examine the durability of the tetracycline
      induced antimicrobial capacity, and also to assess the reproducibility of the
      bacterial growth-inhibitory assay used. Standardized enamel and dentin specimens
      were impregnated in aqueous solutions of tetracycline HCl, oxytetracycline HCl or
      doxycycline HCl, rinsed in water, and stored dry for 200 days. Another series of
      specimens was impregnated in solutions of doxycycline HCl and then rinsed in tap
      water for varying periods up to 35 days. In addition, drug-impregnated specimens
      were used for reproducibility tests without storage or prolonged rinsing.
      Impregnated specimens were tested for antimicrobial capacity on agar plates
      seeded with S. sanguis. After 24 h aerobic incubation in 10% CO2 atmosphere, the
      plates were inspected and the diameter of the bacterial growth inhibition zones
      measured. The drug-impregnated enamel and dentin specimens consistently
      demonstrated growth-inhibitory capacity. The results of the reproducibility tests
      showed moderate intrasample and day-to-day variation. Two hundred days of dry
      storage or 35 days soaking in water reduced, but did not eliminate, the bacterial
      growth-inhibitory capacity of the impregnated dental specimens. The results show
      that a short-term exposure of dental hard tissues to tetracyclines may result in
      a long-lasting antibacterial capacity.

PMID- 3860903
TI  - Uptake of cadmium in developing rat teeth in organ culture.
AB  - Molar teeth from 9-day-old rats were cultured for 7 days in medium supplemented
      with 1 or 10 ppm Cd for 1 or 3 h or 7 days. After culture the Cd concentrations
      were measured separately from the mineralizing parts and the cell-containing
      tissues. The accumulation of Cd increased with the duration of treatment and the
      concentration used, being more intensive in the hard parts than the soft tissues
      of the teeth.

PMID- 3860904
TI  - Salivary counts of lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans in caries prediction.
AB  - The aim of the study was to evaluate whether a combination of tests of salivary
      counts of lactobacilli and S. mutans would be of more value in caries prediction
      than each test used by itself. The study was done on 179 children 8 and 13 yr
      old. The mean caries increments in these children were 1.5 and 3.7 new caries
      lesions per year, respectively. The results showed that these tests or a
      combination of them are not specific in selecting caries risk patients. A
      combination of the two tests, however, was more efficient in selecting these
      patients than each test used by itself.

PMID- 3860905
TI  - Comparison of effect of SnF2 and NaF mouthrinses on caries incidence, salivary S.
      mutans and gingivitis in high caries prevalent adults.
AB  - The effect of SnF2 and NaF mouthrinses were compared in subjects initially
      selected because of their high caries prevalence and high levels of salivary S.
      mutans. Subjects rinsed twice a day with either SnF2 or NaF (200 ppm F-).
      Subjects in both groups continued to be caries active during the course of the
      study. However, at the first year examination subjects rinsing with SnF2 had less
      S. mutans/ml saliva, a lower caries incidence and less gingivitis. After 2 yr the
      S. mutans levels in the SnF2 rinsing group remained significantly less. Both
      caries incidence and gingivitis were lower in the SnF2 group after 2 yr but the
      difference was not significant.

PMID- 3860906
TI  - Metabolism of xylitol in dental plaque.
AB  - It has been reported previously that xylitol added to glucose used to challenge
      dental plaque in vivo caused a reduced acid formation. The aim of the present
      study was to approach the mechanism by which xylitol may affect glucose
      catabolism in plaque bacteria. Suspensions of freshly collected 4-day-old plaque
      bacteria were incubated, one batch with labeled xylitol, one with labeled
      glucose, in vitro at 37 degrees C. Samples of cells were taken out at time
      intervals, collected on paper discs and subjected to scintillation counting. It
      was observed that the plaque bacteria took up xylitol, the uptake increasing with
      incubation of more than 3-4 h, whereas the same cells took up glucose
      immediately. Cells which had taken up xylitol were extracted with boiling water,
      extracts concentrated and applied on thin-layer chromatography sheets. A
      radioactive component with mobility like xylitol-5-phosphate was isolated from
      the cell extracts, and also a component where labeled xylitol was associated with
      macromolecules. It is suggested that the accumulation of the metabolities within
      the cells inhibits glycolysis.

PMID- 3860907
TI  - Importance of teeth and tongue as possible receptor sites for chlorhexidine in
      relation to its clinical effect.
AB  - Teeth have previously been shown not to be of any major importance when
      quantitatively measuring the retention of chlorhexidine in the oral cavity. Only
      a few studies have examined the significance of the binding of chlorhexidine to
      the tongue in relation to its plaque inhibiting effect. The present study was
      therefore carried out to further examine these possible chlorhexidine receptor
      sites in the oral cavity in relation to its known antibacterial effect at the
      teeth surface. Two daily applications of chlorhexidine on the teeth in the right
      side of the maxilla, against a contralateral water control, both in combination
      with a sucrose challenge six times daily, showed no significant reduction of
      plaque formation when compared to an application of sucrose used alone. Two daily
      applications of chlorhexidine on the tongue, again combined with sucrose
      challenge, also showed no significant plaque inhibiting effect. The results
      obtained indicate that neither the teeth nor the tongue seem to be of major
      importance as receptor sites for chlorhexidine in the oral cavity as related to
      its observed clinical effect.

PMID- 3860908
TI  - Pulpal blood flow in immature permanent dog teeth after replantation.
AB  - Pulpal blood flow (PBF) was measuring by H2-gas clearance in 35 replanted
      (incisors and premolars) and 22 contralateral control dog teeth. The PBF
      measurements were taken 6, 10, 16, 21 and 28 days after replantation. At 6, 10
      and 16 days after replantation there was no measurable blood flow in the coronal
      pulp of either replanted incisors or premolars. 21 days after replantation a
      considerable reduction in PBF was measured in all replanted teeth. On average,
      PBF was reduced to about one fifth of PBF in the simultaneously measured
      contralateral controls. Four weeks after replantation, a more than threefold
      increase in PBF was measured in premolars with two roots, while PBF in premolars
      with one root and incisors was consistently reduced to an average of 40% of the
      controls. The vascular pattern of the teeth 4 wk after replantation was
      identified with perfusion of silicon rubber. The measurements suggest that
      replanted multirooted teeth revascularize more easily than single-rooted teeth,
      and that pulpal repair is restored by a gradual replacement and proliferation of
      new tissue.

PMID- 3860909
TI  - Association between recurrent aphthous ulcers and tobacco habits.
AB  - The study is a complication of data on oral mucosal lesions collected among 20
      333 people aged 15 yr and over. The aim was to calculate the correlation between
      the prevalence of recurrent aphthous ulcers and various tobacco habits. The
      prevalence of aphthous ulcers in the population was 17.7% including cases
      referring to episodes within the last 2 yr. There was a negative correlation
      between the prevalence of ulcers and tobacco habits. The suppression of ulcers
      was most evident for those groups smoking pipe or cigarettes without filter and
      only moderate for those using snuff. Further, heavy smokers had a lower frequency
      of ulcers than moderate smokers.

PMID- 3860910
TI  - Studies on the whole-body distribution of 14C-trithioparamethoxyphenylpropene in
      mice.
AB  - The study was undertaken to map the whole body distribution of
      trithioparamethoxyphenylpropene, TPMPP, a substance which is believed to
      stimulate salivary secretion. Two series of male and pregnant female mice were
      given 4.3 microCi 14C-TPMPP by gastric intubation. The animals were sacrificed at
      various intervals, embedded in CMC and frozen. Sections were taken from all
      levels and wholebody autoradiography performed. Four hours after administration
      the isotope was located in the intestines, liver, gall bladder, kidney and
      urinary bladder. High concentrations of the isotope persisted for 12 h with the
      exception of the kidney which showed decreasing concentrations after 4 h. The
      isotope was not found in the fetus or placenta. 24 h after administration no
      activity could be detected in any of the above mentioned organs. If TPMPP plays a
      role in salivary secretion this must be secondary as it was not found in the
      salivary glands, or nerve structures.

PMID- 3860911
TI  - Effect of xylitol-, sucrose-, and water-rinses on the composition of human
      palatine gland secretions.
AB  - The chemical composition of stimulated human palatine secretions (HPS) was
      studied after rinsing with aqueous solutions of sucrose or xylitol, or with water
      only. Stimulation with water was associated with increased concentration levels
      of protein. The levels of sialic acids (per mg protein) and the specific
      arylamidase activities were simultaneously increased, within the physiologic
      range. In contrast to a previous report, these results indicate that HPS does
      contain arylaminopeptidases the activity of which is strongly increased by Cl-.
      The Cl(-)-dependent activity was revealed when using N-L-arginyl-2-naphthylamide
      as substrate. The filter paper method used is recommended for collecting HPS for
      chemical analyses. In spite of the use of a relatively effective and versatile
      stimulation procedure, only one third of the subjects produced detectable HPS.
      Very poor secretion of HPS should perhaps be considered in subjects wearing total
      dentures.

PMID- 3860912
TI  - Comparative electromyographic study of bite plates and stabilization splints.
AB  - The object was to study any influence on the integrated electromyographic
      activity in the masseter and temporal muscles of two types of occlusal
      appliances. Seventeen healthy subjects wore a bite plate with a frontal plateau
      and a full coverage stabilization splint at night, each for 1 wk. The EMG
      activity was recorded without appliances in situ, in the rest position, and
      during gentle and maximum biting before and after the use of the different
      appliances. After use of the bite plate, the EMG activity was not significantly
      different at any tested level. After use of the splint, the activity in the rest
      position was significantly lower in the anterior and posterior parts of the
      temporal muscles. The EMG activity was significantly lower in the rest position
      in both parts of the temporal muscle after use of the splint than after use of
      the bite plate. In a control group of eight subjects in whom no appliances were
      used, the EMG activity did not change significantly between the initial and 1- or
      5-wk recordings. Thus, the occlusal design of the appliances seems to be of
      importance for the influence on the EMG activity in the masticatory muscles, at
      least in healthy subjects.

PMID- 3860913
TI  - Diffusion of fluoride from alginate compared with other topical fluoride agents.
AB  - A two-chamber diffusion cell has been employed to monitor the diffusion of
      fluoride (F) from F-containing agents. The F which diffused from fluoridated
      alginate-base formula, F-containing gel (Gelution) and varnish (Duraphat) was
      determined within the first 6 or 20 min in unstirred conditions. A comparative
      analysis of the data showed that the alginate-base formula was efficient in
      releasing F. The results also indicate that the diffused F was not directly
      related to the total F content in the products or the bulkiness of the test
      specimens. It is obvious that the physicochemical properties of the products play
      a determining role in the release of F.

PMID- 3860914
TI  - Symposium on dyspepsia. Organic and functional disorders. Proceedings from an
      international symposium. Hyvinkaa, Finland, March 21-22, 1984.

PMID- 3860915
TI  - Biliary dyskinesia.
AB  - It has not been firmly established whether dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi,
      biliary dyskinesia, exists as a distinct clinical entity. Improved diagnostic
      methods, such as ERCP and different manometric studies combined with provocation
      tests, have provided objective evidence that, in some patients with what is
      termed the postcholecystectomy syndrome, a spastic sphincter of Oddi is a cause
      of their complaints. Controlled randomised clinical studies are lacking, but
      previous results have shown that either operative or endoscopic papillotomy might
      be indicated in some patients with sphincter Oddi dyskinesia.

PMID- 3860917
TI  - Esophageal disorders in the etiology and pathophysiology of dyspepsia.
AB  - Dyspepsia may be caused by reflux esophagitis. We evaluated the symptoms of 45
      patients aged 52 +/- 14 years who had a follow-up of 1 to 5 years. Endoscopy and
      histology demonstrated microscopic inflammation in 14, isolated mucosal defects
      in 12 and severe inflammation in 19 of the 45 patients. Belching was the leading
      symptom in patients with microscopic and severe esophagitis, heartburn in mild
      esophagitis. Upper abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting were present in 31%, 24%
      and 22% of the patients, respectively. Thus, reflux esophagitis is frequently
      accompanied by symptoms of dyspepsia which resemble those of other causes of
      dyspepsia. In contrast, disorders of gastric and intestinal motility may be
      associated with esophageal motor disturbances, particularly in gastric
      dysrhythmia, diabetic gastroenteropathy, irritable bowel syndrome, and idiopathic
      intestinal pseudo-obstruction. How much the esophagus contributes to the clinical
      symptomatology of dyspepsia awaits further elucidation.

PMID- 3860916
TI  - Bacterial overgrowth.
AB  - Different aspects of bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine are reviewed.
      The pathophysiological mechanisms involving both bacterial metabolism of dietary
      components and secretions and effects on the mucosal cells are discussed in more
      detail. The current therapy, surgical, medical and supportive, is outlined.

PMID- 3860918
TI  - Registration of pain in a psychological perspective.
AB  - Registration of pain must take into consideration the private nature of the pain
      experience while providing researcher and practitioner with measures which obtain
      satisfactory levels of compliance, reliability and sensitivity. A three-component
      model of pain based on social learning theory, comprised of physiological,
      cognitive/affective and overt behavioural dimensions has been shown to be a
      valuable tool in monitoring pain. Applications of the model show that it has
      satisfactory methodological characteristics when used in a study with continuous
      self-recording by patients, that it can accommodate discrepancies in
      physiological and affective dimensions and that it offers a variety of sensitive
      measures for evaluating treatment of pain.

PMID- 3860919
TI  - Endoscopic findings in patients with ulcer-like dyspepsia.
AB  - One hundred and sixty-seven patients in a single general practice who presented
      with ulcer-like dyspepsia were offered an upper gastrointestinal fibre endoscopy.
      Twenty-two patients had a peptic ulcer while only three had a gastric ulcer. One
      patient had a carcinoma of the cardia, one an adenocarcinoma in the body of the
      stomach and one a carcinoma at the ampulla of Vater. In another 55 patients the
      main findings at endoscopy were edema/reddening or erosions in the antral or
      duodenal mucosa. Endoscopic findings were normal in 46 patients. Malignancies
      were found only in patients over 50 years of age and only 4 ulcers were seen in
      patients under 40. The clinical findings of presence of night pain, pain relief
      after food intake and history of peptic ulcer were more common in patients with
      an existing peptic ulcer than in those with a normal endoscopy.

PMID- 3860920
TI  - Clinical significance of upper abdominal symptoms.
AB  - Upper abdominal symptoms are frequent in the healthy population. The clinical
      significance of upper abdominal symptoms appears to be slight when evaluated
      singly but more satisfactory when taken together. There is an urgent need for an
      improved data base of information with regard to the relationship between upper
      abdominal symptoms and disease.

PMID- 3860921
TI  - The Diagnosis and Therapy Survey October 1978-March 1983, health care consumption
      and current drug therapy in Sweden with respect to the clinical diagnosis of
      gastritis.
AB  - Demographic epidemiology, current drug therapy and the health care resources
      required by patients clinically considered to have gastritis were studied during
      a four and a half year period-October 1978 to March 1983. The investigation was
      based on data from the Diagnosis and Therapy Survey, an on-going nation-wide
      sample study covering all out-patient care in Sweden. Gastritis was found to
      account for 1.9% of all out-patient consultations and for 30% of those for
      gastrointestinal disorders. The corresponding figures for peptic ulcer disease
      were 0.2% and 4%, respectively. The estimated minimum number of annual
      consultations for gastritis was 47 per 1,000 inhabitants. The majority of the
      consultations were dealt with in general practice, where gastritis was the fifth
      most common diagnosis. Drug therapy was considered to be indicated in 92% of the
      consultations. Antacids were prescribed in 77%, anticholinergic/spasmolytic drugs
      in 36% and histamine H2-receptor antagonists in 4%. The clinical diagnosis of
      gastritis was found to be the major indication for antacids and anticholinergic
      drugs and accounted for a substantial proportion of H2-receptor antagonist
      prescriptions. The patient groups with gastritis and duodenal ulcer showed a
      similar age distribution, with a mean age of about 50 years. In the gastritis
      group, the two sexes were equally represented, but in the duodenal ulcer group
      there was a predominance of men. The results of the Diagnosis and Therapy Survey
      indicate that the patient group with symptoms traditionally denoted as gastritis
      in clinical practice constitutes a major health care problem in our
      community.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3860922
TI  - Social and economic effects of non-ulcer dyspepsia.
AB  - An attempt was made to estimate the total costs of non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) in
      Sweden by extracting information from different available sources. After
      extrapolation of figures from the in-patient register of the University Hospital
      in Uppsala to the whole of Sweden, the total annual expenditure for in-patient
      care was estimated to be 10.3 million SEK. Calculations of costs for out-patient
      care and drugs were based on data from a nation-wide sample survey, and the total
      expenses were estimated to be 197.5 million SEK and 60 million SEK, respectively.
      Among indirect social costs, economic losses due to death and early retirement
      were found to be comparatively moderate. Production loss due to short-term sick
      leave was by far the most dominant item among all social costs. In a study of 88
      consecutive patients with NUD, it was revealed that the average NUD patient was
      responsible for 26 more days of lost production than the average employee. Thus,
      the total annual cost for short-term sick-leave was estimated to be 2,496 million
      SEK. The grand total of these calculations amounts to no less than 2,786 million
      SEK. Although affected by a considerable degree of uncertainty, the presented
      figures point to important economic consequences for society.

PMID- 3860924
TI  - Frontiers in gastroduodenal disease. Proceedings from a symposium. Goteborg, 5-6
      April 1984.

PMID- 3860925
TI  - Operative treatment in massive peptic ulcer bleeding.
AB  - Guidelines are given for surgical intervention in patients with bleeding peptic
      ulcer. It is noted that the rate of operation for bleeding peptic ulcer has
      decreased in Goteborg from 1976 to 1983. The mortality in operated patients over
      60 years remains unchanged at around 30%. The results of medical treatment have
      improved and the total mortality has consequently decreased from 23% to 11% in
      patients over 60 years.

PMID- 3860926
TI  - Effects of some opiates and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on duodenal
      surface epithelial bicarbonate secretion in the rat.
AB  - Bicarbonate secretion by 12 mm segments of duodenum just distal to the Brunner's
      glands area and devoid of pancreatic bicarbonate was titrated in situ in
      anaesthetised rats. The secretion increased significantly after intravenous
      injection of small amounts (20 ng/kg) of the endogenous opioid peptides beta
      endorphin and methionine enkephalin and maximal (approximately twofold)
      stimulation occurred after 200-500 ng/kg. Morphine (50 micrograms/kg) caused a
      similar stimulation and the mu-opiate antagonist naloxone prevented stimulation
      by morphine. The synthetic analogue [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin (500 ng/kg) which
      is an agonist at delta-opiate receptors, did not affect the secretion, further
      suggesting that stimulation is mediated by mu-receptors. VIP (5-100
      micrograms/kg) increased the secretion dose-dependently to levels considerably
      higher than those observed with opiates, and pretreatment with atropine or
      indomethacin did not affect the response to VIP. The results suggest a role of
      endogenous opioid peptides and VIP in the humoral and/or nervous control of
      duodenal surface epithelial bicarbonate secretion and mucosal protection.

PMID- 3860923
TI  - The histology of the stomach in symptomatic patients after gastric surgery: a
      model to assess selective patterns of gastric mucosal injury.
AB  - We assessed selective patterns of histological injury in the gastric mucosa of 25
      patients (12 Billroth II, 8 Billroth I, 5 vagotomy and pyloroplasty) with
      symptoms of alkaline reflux gastritis. Each patient had 12 biopsies taken from
      standardised sites. Histology was scored separately for surface epithelial
      changes and for inflammatory cells. The traditional grading of gastritis was also
      done using the categories of superficial and atrophic gastritis. The main
      histological changes were epithelial, especially in the pits (foveolae) of
      Billroth II patients. Although mild to moderate atrophic gastritis was present,
      the inflammatory cell density was only mild. Differences between surgery types
      for any given histological parameter became apparent only upon the analysis of
      regional changes within the stomach. Conventional grading of gastritis is based
      mainly on degrees of gland loss and thus is mainly of value to study chronic
      changes. However, the type of histological evaluation used here, with
      standardised biopsy sites, and separate scoring of epithelial and inflammatory
      changes is potentially more suitable to study shorter term changes as might occur
      with cytoprotective or damaging agents.

PMID- 3860927
TI  - Continuous measurement of gastric bicarbonate secretion in man under basal
      conditions and after sham feeding.

PMID- 3860928
TI  - Pathogenetic mechanisms in experimental gastric stress ulceration.
AB  - The studies reviewed suggest that the presence of luminal acid is essential for
      acute gastric stress ulceration to occur and that acid promotes ulceration by
      diffusing into the mucosa in an ulcerogenic situation. Disruption of the mucosal
      barrier by the presence of e.g. intragastric bile salts, aspirin, or ethanol
      increases the hydrogen ion back diffusion, thereby increasing the susceptibility
      of the mucosa to ulceration. Such a disruption is presumably needed for
      development of ulcerations in species with a "tight" gastric mucosa, such as the
      dog, the pig and man, whereas in species with a "leaky" mucosa, such as the
      rabbit or rat, ulceration occurs even without these agents. However, the response
      of the mucosa to hydrogen ions is not uniform. Luminal acidities and rates of
      hydrogen ion back diffusion that are normally harmless may in certain situations
      cause severe damage to the mucosa. Thus, the ability of the mucosa to withstand
      the influxing hydrogen ions is as important as the absolute amount of hydrogen
      ions diffusing into the mucosa. If the rate of hydrogen ion back diffusion
      exceeds the ability of the mucosa to dispose of hydrogen ions, acidification of
      the mucosa occurs, with resultant breakdown of the tissue. The main factors
      modulating the response of the mucosa to hydrogen ions are availability of
      bicarbonate in the mucosa and the mucosal blood flow. Bicarbonate contributes to
      mucosal protection through secretion by the epithelium to form an "alkaline"
      buffer layer at the epithelial surface, which seems to act as a "firstline"
      defence mechanism against the influxing hydrogen ions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3860929
TI  - Gastric mucosal resistance to a repeated ethanol insult.
AB  - The luminal gastric mucosa of anesthetised rats was uniformly exposed to 70%
      ethanol for 30-45 seconds. Ninety-six per cent of the superficial epithelium was
      immediately destroyed. The mucosa was allowed to heal for 60 minutes, during
      which time 85% of the superficial mucosa had re-epithelialised. A thick
      gelatinous layer of necrotic cells and mucosal exudate formed over the restituted
      epithelium. To determine whether the mucosa could withstand a second ethanol
      insult, the same stomachs were re-exposed to 70% ethanol for 30-45 seconds and
      fixed for quantitative light microscopy. Significant damage to the newly formed
      epithelium was observed only when the gelatinous layer was first removed and then
      followed by a second ethanol insult. This resulted in uniform superficial damage
      to 92% of the mucosal surface with accompanying vascular stasis.

PMID- 3860930
TI  - The structure of normal and regenerating rat oxyntic mucosa.
AB  - The morphology of the normal oxyntic mucosa is described. Different animal models
      for the production of gastric ulcers are briefly reviewed. In a series of rats,
      wounds were produced by cauterisation of the oxyntic mucosa. The mucosal
      regeneration process was then followed by morphometrical methods using light and
      electron microscopy. In particular, the regeneration of the acid-producing
      parietal cells was followed. Initially, the ulcer area is covered by primitive
      epithelial cells originating from the mucosa in the wound margin. These cells
      form the new gastric glands. With time, all specialised epithelial cell types
      which normally occur in the oxyntic mucosa can be recognised and, if regeneration
      is allowed to continue, the structure and function of these cells will normalise.
      However, the amount of glands and the number of parietal cells within the glands
      remain subnormal.

PMID- 3860931
TI  - Prevention of ulcer recurrence--medical vs surgical treatment. The surgeon's
      view.
AB  - The need for surgical intervention in duodenal ulcer disease will undoubtedly
      decrease in the years to come. Occasional failure of medical treatment and
      persistent doubts about the long-term safety of anti-ulcer drugs will continue to
      make operation the treatment of choice for some patients, however. Long-term
      medical treatment and surgery can be considered equally acceptable options for
      most patients. When operation is considered necessary, parietal cell vagotomy
      fits the requirements of a modern surgical method better than other techniques.
      The effective medical treatment now available makes postoperative recurrence of
      ulcer less important than before and lack of postoperative symptoms has replaced
      fear of recurrent ulceration as the main concern in the value judgement of both
      doctors and patients.

PMID- 3860932
TI  - Distribution of antibiotics into tissues and tissue fluids. Workshop held in
      Stockholm, Sweden, June 16, 1983.

PMID- 3860933
TI  - Antibiotic accumulation in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes and lymphocytes.
AB  - Human polymorphonuclear leucocytes and lymphocytes were incubated with 10
      different radiolabelled antibiotics (10 micrograms/ml) for 2 hours. The ratio of
      cellular concentration to extracellular concentration of the drugs was determined
      after centrifugation. For beta-lactam antibiotics and gentamicin the ratios were
      less than 1.0. The ratios for doxycycline, erythromycin, fusidic acid and
      rifampicin were 13, 4.3, 7-10 and 2.5 respectively indicating a cellular
      accumulation of these drugs. Erythromycin, fusidic acid and rifampicin were
      rapidly released from the cells in antibiotic free medium, while doxycycline was
      partly irreversibly bound.

PMID- 3860934
TI  - Influence of surface area/volume ratio on the kinetics of antibiotics in
      different tissues and tissue fluids.

PMID- 3860935
TI  - Importance of drug-protein interactions and protein concentrations for antibiotic
      levels in serum and tissue fluid.

PMID- 3860936
TI  - Penetration of antibiotics into human peripheral lymph.

PMID- 3860937
TI  - Long-standing otitis media with effusion--a convenient model for the study of
      antibiotic penetration to respiratory tract secretions.
AB  - In long-standing otitis media with effusion, myringotomy with aspiration of the
      middle ear exsudate is an established therapeutical procedure, which can be
      performed under carefully planned conditions. This common disease thus offers
      convenient advantages for the study of antibiotic concentrations in the middle
      ear. This is exemplified by a review of studies with erythromycin, doxycycline
      and cefaclor. A delayed penetration into the middle ear was demonstrated for all
      these antibiotics, especially for erythromycin. The elimination from the middle
      ear was slower than from serum, at least with erythromycin and doxycycline. With
      these two antibiotics, the middle ear concentrations were close to the peak serum
      levels, with only small fluctuations between doses during a course of treatment.
      With cefaclor, peak middle ear concentrations were less than 40% of peak serum
      levels. By using this model, data from a natural disease in humans are obtained.
      Since the mucosa anywhere in the respiratory tract reacts in a uniform manner to
      an inflammatory stimulus, results from studies on long-standing otitis media with
      effusion can disclose some aspects on antibiotic pharmacokinetics in respiratory
      tract secretions in general.

PMID- 3860938
TI  - Changes in the oropharyngeal and colon microflora in relation to antimicrobial
      concentrations in saliva and faeces.
AB  - Phenoxymethylpenicillin, bacampicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, doxycycline
      and tinidazole were given perorally for 7 days to a total of 56 subjects.
      Concentrations of antimicrobials in serum, saliva and faeces were determined
      daily, as were viable counts of different aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms in
      the oropharyngeal and colon microflora. Clindamycin, erythromycin, doxycycline
      and tinidazole were detected in saliva. Clindamycin, erythromycin and doxycycline
      were also detected in high concentrations in faeces. Phenoxymethylpenicillin,
      bacampicillin, tinidazole and doxycycline did only induce small changes in the
      oropharyngeal and colon microflora, while distinct suppression of anaerobic
      bacteria was observed in the oropharynx and colon when clindamycin was
      administered. Erythromycin decreased the numbers of aerobic bacteria in
      oropharynx and both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in colon. Both clindamycin and
      erythromycin induced new colonization of the oropharynx and colon by potentially
      pathogenic Gram-negative enteric rods and fungi as well as toxin-producing
      clostridia.

PMID- 3860939
TI  - Antibiotic concentrations in intestinal mucosa.
AB  - The concentrations in the intestinal mucosa after the initial dose of cefoxitin,
      piperacillin and clindamycin have been studied. The antibiotics were given at the
      induction of anesthesia as prophylaxis to patients undergoing elective colorectal
      surgery. The concentrations of the antibiotics in serum and intestinal mucosa
      taken during the operation were determined by the microbiological agar diffusion
      method. Therapeutic concentrations in intestinal mucosa were maintained during
      the major part of the operation period. The mean mucosa/serum concentration
      ratios were for cefoxitin 0.4, for piperacillin 0.5 and for clindamycin 1.2.

PMID- 3860940
TI  - Penetration of antibiotics into brain tissue and brain abscesses. An experimental
      study in steroid treated rats.

PMID- 3860941
TI  - Antibiotic tissue concentrations: methodological aspects and interpretation of
      results.

PMID- 3860942
TI  - [Crowding of the lower anterior teeth: treatment with or without extraction?].

PMID- 3860943
TI  - [Solubility stability and acid resistance of calcium hydroxide cavity lining
      materials].

PMID- 3860944
TI  - [Effect of indomethacin on the development of periodontitis in relatively
      gnotobiotic rats].

PMID- 3860945
TI  - [Sialadenoma papilliferum].

PMID- 3860946
TI  - [P-10, a useful composite for the lateral teeth?].

PMID- 3860947
TI  - [Reduction glossoplasty in macroglossia. Indications, technic, results].

PMID- 3860948
TI  - [Indications for and the importance of computed tomography and nuclear magnetic
      resonance tomography in functional diseases of the stomatognathic system].

PMID- 3860949
TI  - [Taurodontism studies in Senegal].

PMID- 3860950
TI  - [Scanning electron optical analysis of the marginal space of in vivo incorporated
      shoulder crowns and inlays].

PMID- 3860951
TI  - [Failures in periodontics].

PMID- 3860952
TI  - Physiological effects of transforming growth factor in the newborn mouse.
AB  - Transforming growth factor-type alpha accelerated incisor eruption and eyelid
      opening in the newborn mouse and also retarded the growth rates of hair and body
      weight when administered in high dosage (0.7 to 4 micrograms per gram of body
      weight). The results of whole animal studies indicate that transforming growth
      factor-type alpha and epidermal growth factor do not differ significantly in
      these effects and suggest that transforming growth factor-type alpha may be
      important in immature animals.

PMID- 3860953
TI  - New biotech review board planned.

PMID- 3860954
TI  - The role of the c-mos gene in the 8;21 translocation in human acute myeloblastic
      leukemia.
AB  - The human c-mos proto-oncogene is located on chromosome 8 at band q22, close to
      the breakpoint in the t(8;21) (q22;q22) chromosome rearrangement. This
      translocation is associated with acute myeloblastic leukemia, subgroup M2. The c
      myc gene, another proto-oncogene, has been mapped to 8q24. The breakpoint at 8q22
      separates these genes, as determined by in situ hybridization of c-mos and c-myc
      probes. The c-mos gene remains on the 8q-chromosome and the c-myc gene is
      translocated to the 21q+ chromosome. Southern blot analysis of DNA from bone
      marrow cells of four patients with this translocation showed no rearrangement of
      c-mos.

PMID- 3860955
TI  - [A histo-pathological and clinico-pathological study of pulp response to a
      posterior composite resin restorations].

PMID- 3860956
TI  - [A histo-pathological and clinico-pathological study of pulp response to a
      microfilled resin restoration system using a bonding agent].

PMID- 3860957
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy studies on the incremental lines in the enamel of
      deciduous human teeth].

PMID- 3860958
TI  - [The effect of bradykinin on free nitrogen compounds and energy production in the
      rat brain].

PMID- 3860959
TI  - [Morphological changes in the maxillo-facial structures during orthodontic
      treatment. Changes in skeletal pattern, incisor axis and soft tissues and their
      correlations].

PMID- 3860960
TI  - [A case of Plummer-Vinson syndrome].

PMID- 3860961
TI  - Juxtacortical osteosarcoma: a radiologic and histologic spectrum.
AB  - Radiologic and pathologic findings were analyzed in four patients with parosteal
      osteosarcomas, three with periosteal osteosarcomas and one with a high-grade
      surface osteosarcoma. Plain film and histologic findings considered together are
      usually distinctive and permit differentiation of these tumors from each other
      and from other lesions with which they are frequently confused. Prognosis and
      management are determined by tumor extent and histologic grade. Computed
      tomography is more accurate than conventional tomography, angiography, and bone
      scintigraphy for preoperative determination of tumor extent and for assessing
      tumor relationships to the bone cortex and medullary cavity. Histologically,
      parosteal osteosarcomas are usually low-grade, while periosteal and high-grade
      surface osteosarcomas are generally high-grade tumors and have worse prognoses.
      High-grade surface osteosarcoma, which is indistinguishable in behavior and
      histology from classical medullary osteosarcoma, requires more aggressive
      surgical management than parosteal and periosteal osteosarcomas.

PMID- 3860962
TI  - Case report 318. Grade 2 osteoblastic osteosarcoma with elements of aneurysmal
      bone cyst.

PMID- 3860963
TI  - Establishment of mouse cell lines homozygous for temperature-sensitive mutation
      in catalase gene.
AB  - Contact-inhibited and-transformed fibroblast cell lines have been established
      from the homozygous C3H/CSb mutant mouse. These cell lines have low levels of a
      temperature-sensitive catalase enzyme activity. When compared to wild-type C3H
      cells, the catalase-deficient cells are markedly more sensitive to the toxicity
      of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, this cellular sensitivity to external hydrogen
      peroxide is temperature sensitive. These cell lines will be of use in the study
      of the role which catalase plays in the intracellular prevention of
      transformation induced by oxidative stress.

PMID- 3860964
TI  - Temperature-sensitive non-fusing myoblast variant and spontaneous revertant:
      isolation and characterization.
AB  - A stable, temperature-sensitive, non-fusing variant of the L6 rat myoblast cell
      line has been isolated following mild EMS-induced mutagenesis. At the permissive
      temperature (37 degrees C), the growth characteristics and developmental pattern
      of the tsA1 variant are essentially identical to those of the parental L6D0 line
      at either 37 degrees C or 40 degrees C. At the nonpermissive temperature (40
      degrees C), the tsA1 variant grows normally but does not align, fuse, or
      synthesize detectable amounts of beta-tropomyosin or myosin LC2. A peptide
      corresponding to myosin LClemb is barely detectable. The temperature-sensitive
      period spans the interval from 4 to 72 h post-plating with a midpoint at
      approximately 40 h. Under standard culture conditions, commitment to terminal
      differentiation occurs between days 3 and 4, and alignment and fusion begin on
      days 4 and 5, respectively. Thus, the temperature-sensitive event occurs very
      early in the L6 developmental program. A spontaneous revertant of the temperature
      sensitive phenotype (tsA1 [R3]) exhibits recovery of the capacities to align,
      fuse, and synthesize the repertoire of muscle-specific proteins, suggesting that
      a single pleiotropic mutation in the tsA1 variant may regulate several stages in
      L6 myogenesis.

PMID- 3860965
TI  - Isolation of a mutant cell line derived from ICR 2A frog cells hypersensitive to
      the induction of non-dimer DNA damage by solar ultraviolet radiation.
AB  - A mutant cell line DRP 36, hypersensitive to nondimer DNA damage induced by
      exposure of cells to the Mylar-filtered solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation produced
      by a fluorescent sunlamp plus photoreactivating light (PRL) was isolated from the
      haploid ICR 2A frog cell line. The DO for mutant cells exposed to this solar UV
      source was 3.3 kJ/m2 compared with a DO of 7.3 kJ/m2 for the parental ICR 2A
      cells. In contrast, DRP 36 and ICR 2A cells exhibited similar levels of survival
      following 254-nm irradiation which causes the induction primarily of pyrimidine
      dimers. The cross-sensitivity to additional DNA damaging agents was examined, and
      it was determined that the DRP 36 cells are also hypersensitive to treatment with
      gamma-rays, ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II)
      (DDP), and 4-nitroquinoline oxide (4-NQO) while exhibiting normal sensitivity to
      L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM), 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and
      mitomycin C (MMC).

PMID- 3860966
TI  - Characterization of pyrazofurin-resistant HeLa cells with amplification of UMP
      synthase gene.
AB  - Three different phenotypes have been characterized in HeLa cells that have been
      selected for resistance to pyrazofurin, a potent inhibitor of the de novo
      pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme UMP synthase. All of the resistant cell lines had
      a coordinate increase in UMP synthase activity, UMP synthase-specific mRNA, and
      UMP synthase gene sequences. In one of the resistant cell lines, the
      amplification of the UMP synthase gene is associated with a stable phenotype.
      There is no decrease in UMP synthase gene copy number or UMP synthase activity
      when these cells are grown for over six months in the absence of pyrazofurin.
      Another resistant cell line that has a higher level of gene amplification when
      grown in the presence of pyrazofurin loses its elevated UMP synthase activity and
      amplified DNA sequences with growth in the absence of the drug. A third cell line
      that possessed a moderate level of UMP synthase gene amplification is tenfold
      more resistant to pyrazofurin than the cell line with the highest level of
      amplification. The extraordinary level of resistance is due to a decreased level
      of activity for the enzyme adenosine kinase that is required for the conversion
      of pyrazofurin to its inhibitory monophosphate form.

PMID- 3860967
TI  - Assignment of dioxin-inducible cytochrome P-450 gene family to Chinese hamster
      chromosome 4.
AB  - The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-inducible cytochrome P-450 gene family
      (P1-450 and P3-450 in the C57BL/6N mouse) has recently been localized to mouse
      chromosome 9. In the present study, HindIII-digested DNA from Chinese hamster,
      mouse, and 20 Chinese hamster X mouse somatic cell hybrids and subclones
      segregating hamster chromosomes was probed with the mouse P1-450 and P3-450 full
      length cDNA clones. Hamster P-450 gene fragments (6.0 and 7.4 kb) were assigned
      to Chinese hamster chromosome 4. These data are consistent with linkage
      conservation among these two P-450 sequences and four other loci on mouse
      chromosome 9 that map to hamster chromosome 4.

PMID- 3860969
TI  - Interferon-beta-related DNA on human chromosome 4.
AB  - A DNA subclone (pPE-4000) derived from the lambda B4 interferon-beta-related
      human genomic DNA clone was used as a probe in blot-hybridization experiments of
      DNA from a panel of human-rodent somatic cell hybrids containing overlapping
      subsets of human chromosomes. The DNA hybridization experiments showed that the
      lambda B4 IFN-beta locus is localized to human chromosome 4. A provisional
      regional assignment to 4q12-qter was also obtained. Thus available hybridization
      data implicate human chromosomes 2, 4, and 9 in the human IFN-beta system while
      the available biological data also implicated human chromosome 5.

PMID- 3860968
TI  - Proximity of thyroglobulin and c-myc genes on human chromosome 8.
AB  - The human thyroglobulin structural gene (TG) was mapped to the long arm of
      chromosome 8 by blot hydridization of a TG cDNA probe to DNA from 21 human X
      mouse somatic cell hybrids containing overlapping subsets of human chromosomes.
      In situ hybridization of the TG probe to metaphase chromosomes from a
      karyotypically normal human lymphoblastoid cell line, JS, localized the TG gene
      to within the region 8q23----q24.3. Thus, the TG and c-myc genes map to the same
      chromosome band in normal human cells. In a human colon carcinoma cell line (COLO
      320 DM) which contains amplified c-myc, the TG gene is not amplified and hence it
      lies outside the amplification domain.

PMID- 3860970
TI  - [Prosthesis designed for upper right 1st molar and 1st and 2d premolar defects].

PMID- 3860971
TI  - [Prosthesis designed for upper central incisor defects].

PMID- 3860972
TI  - [Prosthesis designed for upper central incisors and left lateral incisor
      defects].

PMID- 3860973
TI  - [From check-up to diagnosis: preparatory steps in prosthodontics].

PMID- 3860974
TI  - [Free-end prosthesis for defects of the lower right 1st and 2d molar and 2d
      premolar and lower left 1st and 2d molars].

PMID- 3860975
TI  - [Prosthesis for malocclusion: a case with the remaining upper right 2d molar,
      upper left 1st and 2d premolar and 1st molar and the lower right 1st premolar,
      canine and central and lateral incisors].

PMID- 3860976
TI  - [Prosthesis for crossbite: a case with the remaining upper right 1st molar,
      premolars and canine and the lower left canine, premolars and 1st and 2d molars].

PMID- 3860977
TI  - [Prosthesis for crossbite: a case with the remaining upper right quadrant, upper
      left 1st premolar and 2d molar and lower 1st premolars, canines and incisors and
      left 2d premolar].

PMID- 3860978
TI  - [Prosthesis for the partially edentulous jaw: a case with the remaining upper
      right canine and the upper left premolars].

PMID- 3860979
TI  - [Prosthesis for partially edentulous jaw: a case with the remaining upper right
      2d premolar and canine].

PMID- 3860980
TI  - [Metal denture bases].

PMID- 3860981
TI  - [Abrasion of the tooth and its management].

PMID- 3860982
TI  - [Management of protrusive teeth].

PMID- 3860983
TI  - [2 cases of treatment of advanced periodontal disease--2].

PMID- 3860984
TI  - [Etiology and prevention of complete denture sores].

PMID- 3860985
TI  - [Prosthodontics and better prognosis--3].

PMID- 3860987
TI  - [Anesthetic technics in pedodontics].

PMID- 3860986
TI  - [Polysulfone composite resin, Biore, for crown and bridge restorations].

PMID- 3860988
TI  - [Dental health services in Shiojiri City].

PMID- 3860989
TI  - [Hepatitis B virus infection].

PMID- 3860990
TI  - [Prevention of transmission of viral diseases among dentists].

PMID- 3860991
TI  - [Use of bacampicillin in acute infections in the mouth].

PMID- 3860992
TI  - Emergency surgical treatment for patients with acute leukemia.
AB  - A series of 21 emergency operations performed upon 19 patients with acute
      leukemia was reviewed. The most common procedure performed was laparotomy for
      intra-abdominal emergency complications which was associated with a high
      mortality (58 per cent), especially in those patients with leukemia not in
      remission (78 per cent). Patients who underwent extra-abdominal procedures, even
      with leukemia not in remission, had a low mortality (14 per cent). All five
      patients who were operated upon while in remission survived. The most accurate
      prognostic signs associated with postoperative mortality were abnormal white
      blood cell counts and development of leukemia not in remission. Early surgical
      intervention is advised combined with intensive supportive care to improve
      survival rates of patients with acute leukemia who undergo emergency surgical
      procedures.

PMID- 3860993
TI  - Absorbed doses at varying tube voltage in lateral cephalography.
AB  - Absorbed doses in organs of special interest from lateral cephalography were
      measured by thermoluminescence dosimetry in a tissue equivalent phantom head. The
      radiographic examination was performed in a standardized manner by using a
      carefully collimated radiation field and a near-focus dodger. The actual tube
      voltages ranged from 63-127 kVp. The absorbed dose was described as a function of
      tube voltage. In all measurement sites the absorbed dose decreased with
      increasing tube voltage. This reduction was most obvious in the low tube voltage
      range. From the results a lowest recommendable tube voltage was given for the
      different measurement sites varying from approximately 75 kVp (thyroid region) to
      approximately 100 kVp (parotid region). A high tube voltage was found to be
      important for a low absorbed dose in different organs in lateral cephalography.

PMID- 3860994
TI  - Oral galvanism and mandibular dysfunction.
AB  - Sixty-two patients were referred to the university dental clinics in Goteborg for
      examination and treatment of presumed oral galvanism. Thirty of the patients,
      with an average age of 47 years, were found to suffer from various degrees of
      mandibular dysfunction. In these 30 patients the most commonly reported symptom
      was headache, which was present in 67 per cent of the individuals, while
      mandibular dysfunction was the most common diagnosis. Nineteen patients improved
      or recovered completely after counselling and/or treatment. Occlusal splints,
      alone or in combination with other therapeutic methods, were given to 80 per cent
      of the patients. It is emphasised that patients with putative oral galvanism must
      be given proper care, including examination of the masticatory system and
      treatment of diagnosed functional disturbances.

PMID- 3860995
TI  - Dietary habits and dental health in 6-year-old Finnish immigrant children in
      Sweden.
AB  - A survey, including a clinical and radiographic examination for dental health,
      was carried out on 19 6-year-old Finnish immigrant children and 24 Swedish
      children in a Stockholm suburb. The parents were interviewed about their
      children's and their own dietary habits. The study showed generally worse dietary
      habits in the Finnish than in Swedish group. Both the children and the parents in
      the Finnish group had more food intakes per day than the Swedes. The Finnish
      children had a significantly more frequent consumption of cariologically
      unsuitable products such as soft-drinks, sweets, lozenges and chewing-gum than
      the Swedish children and a majority of the Finnish parents took sugar in their
      coffee and/or tea. The Finnish children had also more filled and carious teeth.
      The study revealed a great need for both general dietary and dental health
      information in the studied group of Finnish immigrant families with pre
      schoolchildren.

PMID- 3860996
TI  - Computerized registration of epidemiological data from intraoral radiographs.
AB  - Software was developed for graphic registration of epidemiological dental data
      from intraoral radiographs. The measured variables included marginal bone level
      in relation to tooth and root length as well as proximal caries and restoration
      areas. Caries and peridontitis progress nowadays slowly in large populations.
      Registration methods must, therefore, offer high precision. The hard and software
      were first tested. After that the method's reliability or precision was studied.
      The precision of measuring marginal bone level as a per cent of total tooth or
      root length was found to vary between 0.3-4.3. The corresponding precision of
      measuring a caries area in relation to the whole crown area was 1.4%. Precision
      was also divided into its components and analysed in more detail. All registered
      tooth variables except the angle between the proximal marginal bone and the root
      surface gave satisfactory results indicating good reliability.

PMID- 3860997
TI  - [Ultrastructure of blast cells in patients with myeloblastic, monoblastic and
      myelomonoblastic leukemia].
AB  - Electron microscopy was applied to study and compare blast cells in 7 patients
      with acute myeloblastic, 4 with acute monoblastic and 11 patients with acute
      myelomonoblastic leukemias. Three morphological types of blast cells are
      described for acute myeloblastic leukemia and 2 types of blast cells for acute
      monoblastic leukemia. In acute myelomonoblastic leukemia, no specific cells
      characteristic but for this disease pattern were detected while the main tumor
      substrate included the different types of blast cells described for acute
      myeloblastic and monoblastic leukemias. A patients also manifests the
      predominance of the same type of blast cells, with no combination of different
      types. Ultrastructure of blast cells in acute non-lymphoblastic leukemias and
      therapeutic approaches are discussed.

PMID- 3860998
TI  - [Use of cytosar (cytosine arabinoside) in the control of herpetic complications
      in patients with acute leukemia and lymphogranulomatosis].
AB  - The authors report the use of the cytostatic drug cytosar in the control of
      herpetic complications in patients with acute leukemia and lymphogranulomatosis.
      A distinct effect was obtained as a result of intravenous drip of cytosar in a
      dose of 0.03-0.05 g for 2 days. It is desirable that cytosar therapy may be
      instituted within the first days of the development of herpetic infection.

PMID- 3860999
TI  - [Acute basophilic leukemia].

PMID- 3861000
TI  - Expression of HLA-A and -B antigens on differentiating U-937 cells.
AB  - Cells from the human immature monocytoid cell line U-937 were induced with 12-O
      Tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to differentiate towards macrophage-like
      cells. The expression of HLA-antigens during differentiation was examined with a
      panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against monomorphic and polymorphic
      determinants. Class II antigens could be detected neither on uninduced nor on TPA
      induced U-937 cells. While the expression of HLA-A3 did not change significantly
      during differentiation, the "supertypic" specificities HLA-Bw4 and Bw6 as well as
      the "private" specificity HLA-B18 could be detected only on a drastically
      decreased number of cells after 4 days of exposure to TPA. This may imply a
      selective loss of HLA-B molecules from the cell membrane and therefore a separate
      regulatory control of HLA-A and -B antigens.

PMID- 3861001
TI  - Secondary Sjogren's syndrome and chromosome six markers.
AB  - Patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) in association with either Rheumatoid
      Arthritis (RA), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) or Sclerodactyly were tested
      for HLA-A, B and Dr antigens and the phenotypes of the 4th component of
      complement (CA). Significant associations were identified between HLA-Bw62, Dr4,
      C4B2.9, C4A8 and females with SS-RA. The MHC antigen frequencies noted for
      secondary Sjogren's syndrome differed from those reported for their respective
      primary diseases and the implications of these observations are discussed.

PMID- 3861002
TI  - THP-ADM in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia.
AB  - Three patients, diagnosed as acute promyelocytic leukemia and disseminated
      intravascular coagulation (DIC), were treated with THP-ADM in combination with
      heparin and intensive platelet transfusion. Two of the three patients achieved
      complete remission. The remaining one patient also responded favorably to the
      therapy and achieved marrow aplasia, and significant improvement of coagulopathy
      was observed after chemotherapy. However, he suddenly died of intractable
      congestive cardiac disturbance ten days after the completion of THP-ADM induction
      therapy. The mechanism of this unique delayed anthracycline-associated
      cardiotoxicity was discussed.

PMID- 3861003
TI  - An analysis of factors responsible for resorption of embryos in cisplatin-treated
      rats.
AB  - Pregnant rats were injected ip with 4 or 7 mg cisplatin/kg on gestation day (gd)
      6 to study its effect on embryonal resorption. Serum concentrations of prolactin,
      luteinizing hormone (LH), and progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay in
      pregnant rats, and related to the effects of cisplatin on the maintenance of
      pregnancy. The nocturnal prolactin surge on gd 9 was abolished in cisplatin
      treated rats. Within 3 days after drug injection, LH concentrations decreased
      39%, while serum progesterone decreased 63% by Day 10. A histochemical study of
      20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity revealed no enzyme activity by gd
      10. It is proposed that the cause of cisplatin-related embryonal resorption in
      rats may be due to decreases in hormone concentrations observed after drug
      treatment.

PMID- 3861004
TI  - Autoimmune mechanisms in inflammatory eye disease.
AB  - This paper summarises the principal immunopathological mechanisms which may
      underlie ocular inflammation and draws attention to how autoimmune reactions may
      be regulated by idiotypic networks of the immune system. The study of
      autoimmunity in inflammatory eye disease is illustrated by our current
      investigations of retinal vasculitis in man and of experimental autoimmune
      uveoretinitis in rodents where three lines of evidence indicate that immune
      complex formation may be a compensatory host response to the development of
      antiretinal autoimmunity. In discussing immunological implications of these
      results we suggest that retinal inflammation in antiretinal autoimmunity is
      limited by a protective anti-idiotypic antibody response and that retinal disease
      arises when this compensatory response is improperly balanced. The clinical
      implications of this reasoning include the identification of patients at risk of
      relapse of ocular disease and the development of therapeutic methods for
      restoring an imbalanced anti-idiotypic autoimmune response towards normality.

PMID- 3861005
TI  - The effect of change in intraocular pressure on the natural history of glaucoma:
      lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma can result in improvement of visual
      fields.
AB  - This paper reports a direct relationship between change in the level of
      intraocular pressure and the visual field of patients with glaucoma: improvement
      in the visual field with improvement of intraocular pressure and deterioration of
      visual field with deterioration of intraocular pressure. The documentation of
      change in visual field or optic disc (worse or better) is the most certain
      criterion of control. Unless improvement is noted to accompany lowering of
      intraocular pressure, adequacy of control cannot, with certainty, be assured.
      This concept is based on an analysis of 77 patients having trabeculectomy and 195
      patients having argon laser trabeculoplasty without alteration of the optical
      system of the eye, in whom the visual field was determined with Octopus
      computerised perimetry before and after the pressure altering event.

PMID- 3861006
TI  - Uncomplicated bilateral intraocular lens implants: intracapsular and
      extracapsular results in the same patient.
AB  - Forty-one patients (82 eyes) underwent bilateral intraocular lens implantation.
      The first eye of each patient received an anterior chamber lens with
      intracapsular extraction while the second eye received a posterior chamber lens
      with extracapsular extraction. Ninety-two per cent of the eyes having
      intracapsular extraction and 95 per cent of the eyes undergoing extracapsular
      extraction obtained 20/40 vision or better when surgery was free of
      intraoperative complications. Statistical difference between groups was not
      significant. The most common complication was chronic cystoid macular oedema, the
      incidence of which did not differ between groups. Using patients as their own
      controls, there does not appear to be a statistically significant difference in
      results or complications between cataract extraction performed by an
      intracapsular technique and anterior chamber lens versus an extracapsular
      procedure with posterior chamber lens.

PMID- 3861007
TI  - Complications of anterior chamber intraocular lenses and their effect on the
      endothelium.

PMID- 3861008
TI  - Reparative epiretinal fibrosis after diabetic vitrectomy.
AB  - Closed microsurgery for the haemorrhagic and tractional sequelae of proliferative
      diabetic retinopathy is frequently successful in restoring and maintaining useful
      vision. Severe complications may arise, however, including the reproliferation of
      cellular membranes on the retinal surface with subsequent retinal distortion or
      redetachment. The clinical and histopathological features of such reparative
      epiretinal fibrosis are presented and methods of prevention are discussed.

PMID- 3861009
TI  - Retinal detachment in retinitis pigmentosa.
AB  - Three cases of retinal detachment occurring in patients with retinitis pigmentosa
      are presented and three previously reported cases reviewed. All the detachments
      were rhegmatogenous. One patient had a horseshoe tear, one had oral bay tears,
      two had dialyses, one a giant tear and in one case the break was not specified.
      Three patients were high myopes. All the patients were young males. The five
      operable cases all responded satisfactorily to conventional surgery.
      Histologically apparent adhesions between retinal pigment epithelium and
      neuroretina have been described in advanced cases of retinitis pigmentosa in
      older patients and may not be present in younger patients with less advanced
      disease. Until these adhesions occur patients with retinitis pigmentosa may have
      no additional protection against retinal detachment.

PMID- 3861010
TI  - A comparison of various methods of treatment of amblyopia. A block study.
AB  - The results of conventional occlusion, minimal occlusion and CAM treatment in the
      management of amblyopia have been investigated in two disparate populations from
      Cambridge, England and Ankara, Turkey. Each of these methods of treatment was
      equally effective as an initial therapy. However, if one form of therapy was
      ineffective or only partially successful, then further improvement can be
      obtained by using an alternative method. A quarter of the patients showed no
      improvement in vision at all despite vigorous and active treatment. It is
      suggested that minimal occlusion should be the first method of treatment but if
      this fails either or both conventional occlusion and CAM treatment should be used
      and therapy should not be abandoned until all these methods have been attempted.

PMID- 3861011
TI  - Ophthalmic findings in very low birth weight children.
AB  - Recent advances in neonatal intensive care have led to a much improved survival
      rate in very low birth weight infants (under 1,500 g). A group of such children
      was examined and found to have a low incidence of serious visual or general
      handicap, but severe retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) affects a significant number.

PMID- 3861012
TI  - The correction of refractive errors with polysulfone corneal inlays. A new
      frontier to be explored?

PMID- 3861013
TI  - Polysulfone corneal inlays. Adverse reactions: a preliminary report.
AB  - The use of polysulfone to manufacture a lens for insertion into the corneal
      stroma to correct large refractive errors has been described. Two patients are
      presented in whom the procedure has been associated with significant loss of
      vision due to development of secondary changes in the cornea.

PMID- 3861014
TI  - [Lipid peroxides content in human gingiva in periodontal disease].

PMID- 3861015
TI  - [Effect of dietary consistency on the growth and development of the craniofacial
      complex in rats].

PMID- 3861016
TI  - [An autoradiographic study of the mouse periodontal tissues during tooth
      movement].

PMID- 3861017
TI  - [Daily changes in the oral microflora of neonatal rats administered
      tetracycline].

PMID- 3861018
TI  - [Dental health screening using the quantity of transmitted light from laser
      beams].

PMID- 3861019
TI  - [2 cases of granuloma pyogenicum caused by irritation of ill-filling dentures].

PMID- 3861020
TI  - [Histopathological study of the damage and repair processes in the bone
      surrounding bone screws].

PMID- 3861021
TI  - [Dimensional accuracy of heat-cured resins for denture bases].

PMID- 3861022
TI  - Clinical toxicity of 4'-epi-doxorubicin (epirubicin).
AB  - Epirubicin is a new derivative of doxorubicin characterized by an improved
      spectrum of activity and a better therapeutic index. At equimolar doses and in
      comparative studies, epirubicin proved to induce less acute toxicity than
      doxorubicin, in particular less vomiting, hair loss and myelotoxicity. While
      giving a comparable response rate in randomized breast cancer studies, epirubicin
      also proved to be less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin. The reduced potential for
      cardiac toxicity of epirubicin versus doxorubicin has been shown both by
      functional assessment (radionuclide cinecardioangiography) and by histopathologic
      evaluation (endomyocardial biopsies) at equally myelosuppressive doses or at
      equal doses (equimolar). The lessened cardiotoxicity of epirubicin versus
      doxorubicin can be explained by the different pharmacokinetic and metabolic
      properties of these two agents: epirubicin has been found to have a more rapid
      pharmacokinetic plasma clearance and an additional metabolic pathway (unique
      glucuronidation).

PMID- 3861023
TI  - Comparison of lipid peroxidation and myocardial damage induced by adriamycin and
      4'-epiadriamycin in mice.
AB  - Adriamycin (ADM) and 4'-epiadriamycin (4'-ADM) were given to mice in a single
      dose of 15 mg/kg body weight (i.p.). Twenty-five mice were alloted to 3 groups.
      One group (Group I; n = 8) was given ADM; another group (Group II; n = 9) was
      similarly treated with 4'-ADM, and a control group (n = 8) received an equivalent
      volume of 0.9% NaCl solution. Mice were sacrificed 4 days after the described
      treatment. A complete autopsy was carried out in each animal. Hydroperoxide
      initiated chemiluminescence and malonaldehyde formation were measured in mouse
      heart homogenates. Control mice showed a maximal photoemission of 52 +/- 2 (X 10(
      3)) (mean values +/- S.E.M.) cpm/mg protein and a formation of 20 +/- 4 nmol
      malonaldehyde/g organ after a 2 hr-incubation. The ADM-treated mice showed a 24%
      enhanced hydroperoxide-initiated photoemission and a 370% increased malonaldehyde
      formation. The 4'-ADM-treated mice showed a 15% increased hydroperoxide
      stimulated chemiluminescence and an 85% increased malonaldehyde formation.
      Vitamin A (5000 IU), vitamin E (85 IU) and vitamins A and E (same doses as
      before) given as a single dose i.p. 1 day before doxorubicin administration were
      able to decrease the hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence by 24%, 26% and
      44%, respectively. Microscopically, only scarce isolated microvacuolated
      subendocardial fibers were found in the ADM-treated animals. Our data showing
      that 4'-ADM lacks a statistically significant effect in increasing heart
      peroxidation as compared to ADM may explain its lower myocardial toxicity.

PMID- 3861024
TI  - [Effect of prethrombin I and prostaglandin E2 on thrombin-stimulated aggregation
      of rat platelets].
AB  - Effect of inactive precursor of alpha-thrombin--prethrombin (Pre-I) and
      prostaglandin (PGE2) on aggregation of washed rat platelets induced by alpha
      thrombin was studied. Pre-I inhibited dose-dependently the alpha-thrombin-induced
      platelet aggregation. K1 values for Pre-I of high and low affinity binding sites
      were equal to 0.9.10(-8) M and 0.56.10(-6) M, respectively. PGE2 inhibited the
      alpha-thrombin-induced aggregation after simultaneous addition and within 5 and
      15 min of incubation with PGE2. Preincubation of platelets with alpha-thrombin
      within 15 min prevented the PGE2-induced aggregation but preincubation of
      platelets with Pre-I within 15 min did not influence the platelet aggregation,
      induced by PGE2.

PMID- 3861026
TI  - [A specific rosette formation method in assessing the immunological status of
      acute leukemia patients].
AB  - The paper deals with the evaluation of immunologic vigor in 88 patients suffering
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It involved a modified test of specific rosette
      formation of blood-circulating lymphocytes and those of the bone marrow with
      erythrocytes bearing leukemia cell extracts. The highest levels of rosette
      forming lymphocytes were registered in the acute period prior to treatment and in
      recurrence. The said levels decreased gradually following chemoimmunotherapy,
      falling to nil in complete remission. Patients in whom the treatment had failed
      revealed no changes in lymphocyte response. The control group (healthy subjects
      and cases of nonmalignant hematologic pathology) showed levels of rosette-forming
      lymphocytes similar to those in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients in
      remission.

PMID- 3861025
TI  - [Hemosorption combined with intensive measures in hemoblastoses].
AB  - The results of 24 applications of hemosorption procedure in 19 cases of acute
      leukemia, chronic myeloleukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple
      myeloma are discussed. Hemosorption in conjunction with infusions of albumin,
      hemodesum, rheopolyglucinum, saline and glucose solutions may be recommended for
      severe and extremely severe toxemia. A high efficiency of the procedure
      application at different stages of leukemia development in cases of toxemia
      syndrome, toxico-allergic hepatitis and sepsis was observed.

PMID- 3861027
TI  - [IKO-GM-1 monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis of acute nonlymphoblastic
      leukemias].
AB  - The paper deals with the analysis of the phenotype of blastic cells obtained from
      patients suffering various subtypes (FAB-classification) of acute
      nonlymphoblastic leukemia. The study used monoclonal IKO-GM-1 antibodies
      complementary to an antigen common to myeloid and macrophagal cells. Also,
      previously described monoclonal IKO-11, IKO-1, IKO-02 and IKO-10 antibodies were
      employed. Application of the above antibodies appeared to provide information
      necessary for differentiating between myeloblastic and monoblastic leukemia.
      Complex immunologic and cytochemical investigations are required for identifying
      leukemia subtypes.

PMID- 3861028
TI  - [Value of the current methods of ambulatory treatment and occupational
      rehabilitation of patients with lymphocytic and myelocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3861029
TI  - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: evaluation, management.

PMID- 3861030
TI  - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

PMID- 3861031
TI  - Reconstruction of the cervical esophagus with the right colon.

PMID- 3861032
TI  - Plasminogen (PLG): a useful genetic marker for paternity examinations.
AB  - The genetically determined polymorphism of plasminogen (PLG) was analyzed by
      isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels. For analysis neuraminidase
      pretreated sera were used. PLG was developed functionally by activation with
      urokinase and subsequent lysis of casein in an agar overlay. In a random sample
      of 957 unrelated healthy individuals from Southern Germany, three common
      phenotypes, PLG1, 2-1, and 2, and five rare variants were found. The allele
      frequencies were: PLG*1 = 0.7174, PLG*2 = 0.2780, and PLG*Var = 0.0046. The
      theoretical exclusion rate in cases of disputed paternity is 16.5%.

PMID- 3861034
TI  - Cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Isolation procedures and application in
      research.

PMID- 3861033
TI  - Haptoglobin subtypes in Berlin, GDR. A simple procedure for haptoglobin
      purification and subtyping.
AB  - Sera were obtained from 1,275 blood donors in Berlin, probands involved in
      paternity tests, and from 119 families with 235 children; the sera were subtyped
      by isoelectric focusing, following preparation and reductive molecular cleavage
      of haptoglobin. In this paper, an uninvolved preparation technique is described
      for routine testing. Allelic frequencies are: Hp *1F = 0.1471; *1S = 0.2502; *2FF
      = 0.0020; *2FS = 0.5753; *2SS = 0.0251. Only one deviation from autosomal
      codominant inheritance was recorded in the family examinations, with illegitimacy
      considered possible. In the region of Berlin, the changes of ruling out
      uninvolved individuals in paternity suits have gone up from 18% (conventional
      technique recording two frequent alleles) to 33% (subtyping).

PMID- 3861035
TI  - Lymphoid cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Isolation procedures.

PMID- 3861036
TI  - Mononuclear phagocytes in the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 3861038
TI  - New approaches to gut immunology: intestinal-cell isolation.

PMID- 3861037
TI  - Interaction between intestinal and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
AB  - Effective methods are available to isolated immunocytes from human intestinal
      mucosa. Isolated mononuclear cells from the mucosa of patients with Crohn's
      disease and normal controls were classified according to ultrastructure and cell
      surface profile by the use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies. In both
      compartments of the mucosa, i.e., the lamina propria and the epithelial layer, no
      differences were found between intestinal tissue from control patients and
      unaffected mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease. Inflamed mucosa was
      characterized by an accumulation of surface-Ig+ cells and, to a lesser degree, of
      monocytes and granulocytes. The predominant T cell phenotypes were a T4 cell in
      the lamina propria and a T8 cell in the epithelial layer. Most of the isolated
      immunocytes were found to be HLA/DR. Analysis of the functional properties of
      mucosa-associated T cells in a pokeweed-stimulated autologous B cell assay
      revealed that T cells originating from normal mucosa enhance the generation of
      IgA-producing B cells, whereas those from chronically inflamed mucosa do not. In
      contrast, peripheral T cells from patients with Crohn's disease favour expression
      of the IgA isotype, as compared with peripheral T cells from normal controls.
      Removal of Fc + T4 cells resulted in a significantly reduced number of IgA B
      cells. These findings point to an alteration of isotypic immunoregulation in
      Crohn's disease. It is postulated that a shift from IgA to IgG and IgM in the
      local immune response could result in antibody-dependent cytotoxicity for
      enterocytes.

PMID- 3861039
TI  - Veiled cells in the gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - Lately it has become known that for the initiation of an immune response an
      antigen presenting cell is needed. In the skin the antigen presenting cell system
      has been studied and is extensively supposed to consist of Langerhans' cells in
      the epidermis and dermis, veiled cells in the skin lymph, and interdigitating
      cells in the skin lymph nodes. These cells are considered to belong to the
      mononuclear phagocyte system which is in principle composed of cells stemming
      from the promonocyte/monocyte. To detect whether an antigen presenting cell
      system is present in the gut, we studied cell suspensions of gut tissues.
      Monoclonal cells with long actively moving cytoplasmic veils were found in cell
      suspensions from small intestinal villi of guinea pig and pig, but not of rat.
      These veiled cells appeared to be strongly Ia positive, as are the cells from the
      skin antigen presenting system. They share several ultrastructural and enzyme
      cytochemical characteristics with these skin cells. Gut veiled cells localize
      within the lympho-epithelium of Peyer's patches of the rat, just underneath this
      lympho-epithelium and in the T-dependent interfollicular area, according to Ia
      stainings on frozen tissue sections and to ultrastructural observations. From
      stainings with anti-IgA, -IgE, -IgG, -IgM and anti-T lymphocyte sera it is
      concluded that these cells do not belong to the lymphocyte series. It is
      suggested that these gut veiled cells belong to the monocyte/macrophage family
      and form an antigen presenting cell system in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue,
      similar to the antigen presenting cell system in the skin.

PMID- 3861040
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology in two cases of well-differentiated acinic-cell
      carcinoma of the parotid gland. Discussion of diagnostic criteria.
AB  - Two cases of well-differentiated acinic-cell carcinoma of the parotid gland with
      diverse histology (one compact variant and one rare tubular-acinic type with an
      important lymphoid component) underwent fine needle aspiration. Both were
      clinically thought to be benign neoplasms but were correctly diagnosed
      preoperatively by aspiration cytology. Cytohistologic correlation in these cases
      showed that the decisive diagnostic criteria for well-differentiated acinic-cell
      carcinoma were the presence of atypical acinous structures and of cytoplasmic
      granules that were acid alcian blue negative and period acid-Schiff positive
      after diastase digestion.

PMID- 3861041
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology of granulomatous diseases of the lung, including
      nontuberculous Mycobacterium infection.
AB  - The spectrum of cytomorphologic changes of pulmonary granulomas diagnosed by fine
      needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is reported, with a review of the pertinent
      literature concerning the cytologic diagnosis of granulomatous disease. In our
      cases, organisms were not seen in the Papanicolaou-stained smears. Recognition of
      the granulomatous cellular pattern, however, resulted in a thorough search for
      organisms by special stains, and an etiologic diagnosis was made in each case.
      These cases emphasize the need for routine staining and culture of FNA material
      when an initial diagnosis of malignancy is not made. One of the cases appears to
      be the first report of a nontuberculous Mycobacterium infection diagnosed by fine
      needle aspiration biopsy.

PMID- 3861042
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology of cat scratch disease.
AB  - The cytologic features of cat scratch disease diagnosed by fine needle aspiration
      cytology of a right inguinal lymph node in a 23-year-old woman are reported.
      Characteristic granulomas, with peripherally palisading epithelioid histiocytes
      and centrally located neutrophils, and an associated polymorphic cell population
      were observed. The cytologic pattern closely parallels the expected
      histopathologic findings and therefore can suggest the diagnosis in unsuspected
      cases or can confirm the clinical impression. The cytologic differential
      diagnosis and a discussion of other granulomatous lymphadenitis are presented.

PMID- 3861044
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology of benign lymph node hyperplasias. Diagnostic
      significance of lymphohistiocytic aggregates.
AB  - The fine needle aspiration cytomorphology and the number of lymphohistiocytic
      aggregates were correlated with five categories of benign lymph node histologies.
      Of 187 patients who had benign lymph node aspiration diagnoses made from 1975 to
      1982 at the Medical College of Virginia, 26 had a subsequent lymph node biopsy.
      Excluded from the study were four cases with the biopsy site different from the
      aspiration site, three cases with evidence of metastatic carcinoma and one case
      of fistula at the site of biopsy. Of the remaining 18 cases, 13 (72%) had
      lymphohistiocytic aggregates on the aspiration slides. The mean number of
      lymphohistiocytic aggregates on the aspiration slides was greater in cases with
      histologic evidence of follicular hyperplasia (6.1) than in those with some other
      predominating benign histology (1.6).

PMID- 3861043
TI  - Fine needle aspiration biopsy in the evaluation of lymphoreticular tumors of the
      thorax.
AB  - The role of fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy in the evaluation of
      lymphoreticular disorders involving the lung and mediastinum was evaluated in a
      study of 16 cases from the authors' institutions. The cytologic material from
      these cases was reviewed, and the original cytologic interpretations were
      compared to the tissue diagnoses, with the overall accuracy of the cytologic
      interpretation evaluated. There were no false-positive diagnoses of malignancy in
      this series. A definite diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was most readily made in
      those cases in which the lymphoma was of the large-cell type. Small-cell and
      mixed large-cell and small-cell lymphoid proliferations were less able to be
      definitively interpreted, with pseudolymphoma presenting particular difficulty.
      The results support the conclusion that FNA biopsy can be useful in evaluating
      these lesions but also emphasize the fact that accurate diagnosis requires
      correlation of cytologic, clinical and laboratory data.

PMID- 3861045
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology of alveolar soft-part sarcoma. A case report.
AB  - A fine needle aspiration specimen from a mass in the thigh of a 25-year-old woman
      was submitted for cytologic examination. Malignant cells were found singly and in
      well-defined nests, resulting in an alveolar pattern. Individual cells were
      large, with moderate amounts of granular cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei with
      prominent nucleoli. The aspiration cytology findings plus the clinical setting
      suggested an alveolar soft-part sarcoma. Histologic and electron microscopic
      examination of the tumor mass confirmed the diagnosis.

PMID- 3861046
TI  - Nodular fasciitis initially diagnosed by aspiration cytology.
AB  - A case of nodular fasciitis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology is
      described. The cytologic findings included fusiform cells, mitoses, macrophages,
      multinucleated giant cells and mesenchymal elements in a characteristic granular
      background substance. The cytopathologic diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by
      the histopathologic study of the tumor and by electron microscopy.

PMID- 3861048
TI  - Cytodiagnosis of bone tumors by fine needle aspiration.
AB  - A retrospective study was undertaken of bone lesions examined by preoperative
      fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in our hospital during the ten-year period
      from 1970 to 1979. The 430 cytologically examined lesions were classified into
      three groups: inflammatory lesions, tumorlike lesions and tumors. A total of 54
      patients had undergone surgery, with most of the lesions in those cases proven to
      be tumors or tumorlike by histologic study. Correlation between the histologic
      and FNA cytologic findings showed complete compatibility in 76% of the cases,
      partial compatibility in 13% and incompatibility in 11%. It is concluded that FNA
      biopsy is appropriate for identifying bone tumors and tumorlike lesions if
      sufficient numbers of tumor cells are obtained for morphologic examination.
      Although aspiration cytodiagnosis can be of considerable value in the recognition
      of certain bone lesions, it cannot replace formal tissue biopsy in the diagnosis
      of primary bone neoplasms. The morphology of several common bone tumors is
      described in detail and their differential diagnosis is discussed.

PMID- 3861047
TI  - Aspiration biopsy cytology of metastatic extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma and
      its cytologic differential diagnosis.
AB  - Transabdominal fine needle aspiration biopsy of a metastatic myxoid
      chondrosarcoma in retroperitoneal spaces revealed amorphous mucoid material
      containing clusters of chondroblasts with round hyperchromatic nuclei and scanty
      cytoplasm, pleomorphic mesenchymal cells with round nuclei and vacuolated
      cytoplasm and groups of immature cartilaginous cells with single or double nuclei
      and fibrillar or filmy cytoplasm. The cytologic differential diagnosis between
      myxoid chondrosarcoma and other myxomatous tumors of bone and soft tissue is
      discussed.

PMID- 3861049
TI  - Fine needle aspiration study of metastatic mixed adenosquamous carcinoma of the
      renal pelvis. A case report.
AB  - The findings in a fine needle aspirate of a psoas area metastasis from a mixed
      adenosquamous carcinoma of the renal pelvis are presented. The primary renal
      tumor is apparently the fourth such case reported in the literature; the
      pathogenesis of such tumors is briefly reviewed. The value of fine needle
      aspiration in excluding a clinically suspected abscess and in allowing a specific
      diagnosis of malignancy is emphasized.

PMID- 3861050
TI  - Subcutaneous endometriosis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology.
AB  - The fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of two patients manifesting
      cutaneous/subcutaneous endometriosis is presented. Endometrial tissue sampled by
      the aspiration technique manifested different cytologic characteristics as
      compared to those of endometrial tissue obtained by standard exfoliative methods.
      A primary difference was the appearance of the endometrial cells in syncytial
      clusters in the aspirate, in contrast to the three-dimensional clusters seen in
      exfoliated material. These cases emphasize the need to include endometriosis in
      the differential diagnosis of palpable lesions of the abdominal wall, especially
      in women with healed surgical scars, and the role of FNAC in diagnosing such
      lesions.

PMID- 3861051
TI  - Secretory carcinoma of the breast in an adult. Correlation of aspiration cytology
      and histology on the biopsy specimen.
AB  - Needle aspiration was performed on the excisional biopsy specimen of a breast
      mass in a 63-year-old woman. The cytologic features in the aspirate included
      solid and papillary proliferations of tumor cells with abundant intracytoplasmic
      vacuolization and secretion. Histologic study of the lesion showed a secretory
      carcinoma. Although this is a rare breast neoplasm, especially in adults, the
      cellular features are characteristic and may permit a specific diagnosis on
      needle aspirates.

PMID- 3861052
TI  - Carcinosarcoma of the uterus. Cytologic and ultrastructural features.
AB  - A 56-year-old woman presented with a carcinosarcoma consisting of a small focus
      of adenocarcinoma and a larger endometrial stromal sarcoma component. Although a
      preoperative endometrial biopsy revealed only adenocarcinoma, an endometrial
      smear obtained with an endometrial brush sampler revealed many undifferentiated
      malignant cells and a smaller number of adenocarcinoma cells. These
      undifferentiated malignant cells were cytologically identical to the stromal
      sarcoma cells in an imprint smear from the surgically removed tumor. The cellular
      and ultrastructural features of the stromal sarcoma are described in detail.

PMID- 3861054
TI  - Unsuspected strongyloides coexisting with adenocarcinoma of the lung.
AB  - The findings in an unsuspected case of Strongyloides stercoralis infestation
      coexisting with adenocarcinoma of the lung are presented. The diagnosis of
      adenocarcinoma was confirmed histologically by lung biopsies; the parasitic
      infection was initially diagnosed by sputum cytology and then by bronchial
      washings. A stool specimen submitted to the microbiology laboratory confirmed the
      diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. This case again suggests the possibility
      that neoplastic disease may play a role similar to that of immunosuppression in
      creating an immune deficiency, thus increasing the susceptibility to infectious
      diseases.

PMID- 3861053
TI  - Cytology and histopathology of metastatic malignant melanoma involving a polyp on
      the uterine cervix. A case report.
AB  - A case of unusual localization of metastatic malignant melanoma on the cervix
      uteri, which was diagnosed by cytologic examination of a Papanicolaou smear is
      reported. The cells contained no pigment, but they had the characteristic
      appearance that suggested the possibility of a metastatic malignant melanoma,
      which was confirmed by histopathologic examination of an excised polyp.

PMID- 3861055
TI  - Entamoeba gingivalis in sputum smears.
AB  - Entamoeba gingivalis is a common parasite of the human buccal cavity whose rare
      appearance in Papanicolaou-stained sputum smears may be missed. Two such cases
      are described, including the morphologic features of this ameba. The trophozoites
      were seen to phagocytize leukocytes as well as red blood cells, in distinction to
      E. histiolytica, which phagocytizes only red blood cells and also can cause
      pulmonary abscesses. The concomitant finding of Actinomyces sp. organisms in one
      patient reinforces the possible symbiotic relationship between the two organisms,
      as has been suggested for their appearance in other extraoral sites, such as the
      female genital tract.

PMID- 3861056
TI  - Polymorphous exudates and atypical mononuclear cells in the cerebrospinal fluid
      of patients with Sjogren's syndrome.
AB  - Central nervous system (CNS) complications of Sjogren's syndrome are now well
      recognized. To determine if any of the pathologic changes in the CNS in patients
      with Sjogren's syndrome were reflected in the cellular composition of
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we examined the CSF of 14 patients with Sjogren's
      syndrome and neurologic symptoms and compared the differential cell counts in
      those cases with those of 14 control patients with similar neurologic symptoms.
      Patients with Sjogren's syndrome had polymorphous (mixed) inflammatory exudates
      in CSF, composed predominantly of lymphocytes, but including variable numbers of
      plasma cells, neutrophils and erythrocytes. In addition, the CSF of all patients
      with Sjogren's syndrome contained large, atypical, morphologically distinct
      mononuclear cells. The mean percentage of these cells in the CSF of patients with
      Sjogren's syndrome (8.3 +/- 1.9) was significantly higher (p less than 0.001)
      than that observed in the control patients (0.7 +/- 0.2). These results suggest
      that involvement by Sjogren's syndrome may be suspected by noting a polymorphous
      exudate containing characteristic atypical mononuclear cells in CSF obtained by
      lumbar puncture.

PMID- 3861057
TI  - The endocervical smear as a simple and quick method for the determination of
      ovulation.
AB  - The endocervix undergoes cyclic changes in every menstrual cycle, as reflected by
      the rheologic properties of the cervical mucus. A study was therefore undertaken
      to establish whether there were any morphologic changes in the endocervical
      columnar cells, as seen in the endocervical smears, that could be correlated with
      ovulation and anovulation. An endocervical smear was collected in the luteal
      phase of the cycle from patients in whom an endometrial biopsy or D & C was being
      done as a part of an infertility investigation. A significant correlation was
      observed between the endocervical smear interpretation and the endometrial
      histology as to whether the cycle was ovulatory or anovulatory.

PMID- 3861058
TI  - Ploidy (n)

PMID- 3861059
TI  - A case of pure primary squamous-cell carcinoma of the breast diagnosed by fine
      needle aspiration biopsy.

PMID- 3861060
TI  - Egg of Schistosoma japonicum in ascitic fluid.

PMID- 3861061
TI  - [8th symposium of the Working Group for Osteology. 12-13 April 1984, Davos,
      Switzerland. Abstracts].

PMID- 3861062
TI  - Clonidine in treatment of menopausal flushing.

PMID- 3861063
TI  - Metabolic consequences of postmenopausal estrogen and progestogen treatment.

PMID- 3861064
TI  - Clonidine treatment in vegetative dysfunction--experimental rationales.
AB  - The present paper attempts to place the clinical use of clonidine in gynecology
      in a broadened perspective against the most recent advances in
      neuropsychopharmacology. From this review emerges the concept that clonidine, by
      means of its action in the central nervous system, probably affects mechanisms of
      crucial significance in psychosomatic symptomatology, involving the balance
      between attention to the external versus the internal environment. Since brain NE
      systems such as the one originating in the LC influence or reach vast regions of
      the CNS and not only cardiovascular centres, any malfunction of the LC system,
      whether induced by, for example, drug addiction or hormonal factors, will affect
      a number of functions of the individual, particularly responses to stress, and,
      as we understand, cardiovascular and vegetative reactivity. At present we can
      hypothesize that a damping or, perhaps, stabilization of the responsiveness of
      brain NE systems may be a fundamental mechanism of action of clonidine in this
      regard. As a consequence of this discussion the use of clonidine in other
      disorders with a clear psychosomatic component, such as the irritable bowel
      syndrome as well as premenstrual tension, appear to be quite interesting future
      avenues to explore.

PMID- 3861065
TI  - Clinical experience of clonidine in treatment of menopausal flushing.

PMID- 3861066
TI  - Epidemiology of the climacterium.

PMID- 3861068
TI  - A longitudinal study of growth in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Growth in terms of both height and weight was studied in a longitudinal sample
      consisting of ten children who all experienced the onset of acute leukemia
      between 18 months and 7 years of age. In spite of the lack of deviation in body
      size at birth, these children had somewhat higher values for attained size than
      the reference group one year before diagnosis. The information from this study
      showing a decrease in growth rate before the start of treatment, could suggest
      that the disease causes the growth failure. Growth rate for height increased with
      time from the first year of treatment, which could be correlated to a positive
      effect of medical treatment of the disease. These results indicate a very stable
      regulation of growth between 18 months and 12 years of age. The children dropped
      temporarily in mean one standard deviation (SD) corresponding to about 4 cm, from
      one year before the start of treatment to the end of the three years of
      treatment. It seems, however, that it is possible for the body to repair such a
      temporary growth inhibition as is seen in the catch-up growth during the
      following two years. Height measured in SD for the group two years after
      discontinuing treatment was practically the same as height at the time of the
      start of treatment. Children with leukemia during the first years of life and
      during the pubertal period may not show a similar growth pattern.

PMID- 3861067
TI  - HLA antigens in patients with otosclerosis.
AB  - Seventy-four (50 females and 24 males) consecutively sampled patients with
      otosclerosis were tissue typed for HLA A and B antigens. There was no significant
      increase in any A or B antigen, but the frequency of B40 was significantly lower
      (p less than 0.05) in patients than in blood donors. No significant difference in
      HLA antigen frequencies was found between men and women, or in patients with vs.
      without a family history of otosclerosis.

PMID- 3861069
TI  - Extra early mother-infant contact and duration of breast-feeding.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that extra early physical contact between mother and
      infant is associated with prolonged breast-feeding. Healthy, advantaged mothers
      and their healthy, mature, vaginally-delivered, firstborn infants were randomly
      assigned to receive either regular contact (N = 39) or extra early contact
      beginning approximately one-half hour after delivery (N = 39). Fifty-three (68%)
      of the 78 infants were breast-fed. Age at which complete weaning occurred was
      known for 50 (94%) of the 53 infants. Prolonged breast-feeding was not
      significantly associated with extra contact. Suckling during extra early contact
      was associated with greater incidence of breast-feeding at two months (p less
      than 0.001) and three, four and five months (0.10 greater than p greater than
      0.05) for male and female infants combined.

PMID- 3861070
TI  - Extra early physical contact and aspects of the early mother-infant relationship.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that extra early physical contact between mother and
      infant enhances aspects of their early relationship. Healthy, middle-class
      mothers and their healthy, firstborn, singleton infants delivered vaginally at
      full-term were randomly assigned to receive either regular contact (RC; N = 39)
      or extra early physical contact (EC; N = 39) following delivery. RC infants
      remained in cribs beside their mothers' beds, while EC infants and mothers had a
      mean of 46 min of physical contact in the recovery room. There was no difference
      between EC and RC subjects for the following outcome measures: amount of time
      mothers chose to have infants with them during the postpartum hospital stay;
      quality of mother-infant interaction at two days and one month; concern mothers
      expressed for the infant at one month; mothers' perception of their postpartum
      adjustment; mothers' perception of the infant at two days and one month, and of
      the infant's temperament at eight months; and extent of mothers' assisting with
      and soothing the child during a physical examination at 13 months. EC children
      cried significantly less during the examination at 13 months. These findings do
      not support the hypothesis that extra early physical contact between mother and
      infant enhances their relationship.

PMID- 3861071
TI  - Mediation of macrophage reactions in immune tissue injury.
AB  - The chemotactic specificity of three types of macrophage chemotactic factors
      (MCF) -a, -b, and -c, from delayed hypersensitivity reaction (DHR) skin sites in
      guinea pigs, was analysed. MCF-c shared common antigenicity with the macrophage
      chemotactic lymphokine released from bovine gamma globulin (BGG) and horse radish
      peroxidase (HRPO) -stimulated lymphocytes, using an immunoadsorbent column
      conjugated with anti-MCF-c antibody. These purified lymphokines were very
      similar, or possibly identical in terms of physicochemical and serological
      properties. BCG-induced lymphokine seemed to exist as complexes with serum
      protein at the skin site. A change in the proportion of each MCF was observed
      during the development of DHR. Furthermore, MCF-a and -b attracted Ia- M1 cell
      line cells, while MCF-c attracted Ia+ cells. Moreover, the responsive guinea-pig
      monocytes were divided mainly into two distinctive migrating subpopulations. One
      subpopulation was responsive to MCF-a and -b, and the majority of responding
      cells were "Ia-negative". The second subpopulation was responsive to MCF-c and
      the predominant cell type was "Ia-positive". The data suggest that macrophage
      reactions in the DHR are mediated by MCF-a, -b, and -c and that MCF-c attracts Ia
      bearing accessory macrophages and MCF-a and b- attract Ia negative macrophages.

PMID- 3861072
TI  - The longitudinal course of recurrent affective illness: life chart data from
      research patients at the NIMH.
AB  - Using data gathered in a naturalistic study of 95 research patients at the NIMH,
      a retrospective method of documenting the life course of recurrent affective
      illness is presented, along with a partial prospective validation of this method.
      In these patients, the severity, frequency, and duration of manic and depressive
      episodes, as well as their pattern and distribution, are characterized. These
      variables are examined in different patients subgrouped according to gender and
      age of onset, polarity, and rapidity of cycling of illness. The findings are
      compared with data on the life course of affective illness found in studies from
      the pre-pharmacologic era.

PMID- 3861073
TI  - [Prognostic significance of cytochemical activity in blasts in acute lymphatic
      leukemia in adults].

PMID- 3861074
TI  - Some cardiovascular risk markers are also important in old age.

PMID- 3861075
TI  - [Fractures of the midface].

PMID- 3861076
TI  - [Use of the multi-bracket arch in the lingual technic].

PMID- 3861077
TI  - [Orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery in adolescence. Current status yesterday
      and today].

PMID- 3861078
TI  - [Therapeutics in oral oncology. Past, present, future].

PMID- 3861079
TI  - [Possibilities and limits of orthopantomographic films].

PMID- 3861080
TI  - [Concentration of intravenously infused cefmenoxime (CMX) in human vitreous
      cavity].

PMID- 3861081
TI  - [Prostaglandin E2 release from rabbit anterior uvea].

PMID- 3861082
TI  - [Dental implications of Paget's disease].

PMID- 3861083
TI  - [Resorption of the alveolar ridge following tooth extraction and the placement of
      immediate prostheses].

PMID- 3861084
TI  - [Cervical tumors].

PMID- 3861085
TI  - [Zona of the facial nerve].

PMID- 3861087
TI  - [The impacted canine tooth: elucidation of various important aspects in diagnosis
      and therapy].

PMID- 3861086
TI  - [Various factors influencing ridge resorption in the edentulous mouth].

PMID- 3861088
TI  - Megakaryoblastic transformation of Ph positive chronic granulocytic leukemia.
AB  - A case of well-documented and illustrated megakaryoblastic transformation in a
      patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia is presented. The salient features of
      this case were the presence of megakaryoblasts in the peripheral blood and bone
      marrow and characteristic cytochemical and electron microscopic findings. In
      addition, the authors observed an unusual, previously unreported, similarity of
      the abnormal platelets with those described in the Gray platelet syndrome. A
      literature review of the 13 previously described cases is included.

PMID- 3861089
TI  - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia following myelodysplastic syndrome.
AB  - A 58-year-old man presented with anemia and neutropenia. The bone marrow
      examinations showed changes consistent with myelodysplastic syndrome. Twenty
      months later, acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed. This case appears to
      represent myelodysplastic (preleukemic) syndrome terminating in acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3861090
TI  - Low dose cytosine arabinoside in acute myeloid leukemia: remission is not due to
      differentiation induction.
AB  - A patient with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (FAB M4), showing a near
      tetraploid chromosome complement on his marrow cells, was treated with low dose
      cytosine arabinoside and achieved remission. During remission the near tetraploid
      marrow chromosome complement disappeared and reappeared upon relapse of leukemia.
      These findings are interpreted as evidence against differentiation induction in
      the leukemic cell line as a mechanism for remission of the disease in this
      patient.

PMID- 3861091
TI  - Clonal development from a progenitor with restricted differentiative expression
      in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Three patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and heterozygous for the
      Mediterranean variant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) have been
      investigated with the 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate (2dG6P) method to determine the
      number and type of progenitor cells in which the disease arose. A monoclonal
      origin was established for the lymphoblasts, while the other hemopoietic cell
      lines were not involved in the leukemic process.

PMID- 3861092
TI  - Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in a glue sniffer.
AB  - A 17-year-old white male with a past history of chronic inhalational abuse of
      plastic glue was referred to our institution for sore throat, cervical
      adenopathy, and an abnormal peripheral blood smear. A diagnosis of acute
      myelomonocytic leukemia was made and abnormalities in cytogenetic studies were
      demonstrated. Specific inquiry regarding this form of drug exposure should be
      pursued when searching for possible etiologies of malignant disease.

PMID- 3861093
TI  - The morphologic characteristics of cervical ripening induced by the hormones
      relaxin and prostaglandin F2 alpha in a rabbit model.
AB  - In previous studies, both purified porcine relaxin and prostaglandin F2 alpha,
      have been applied vaginally in the human to promote cervical ripening near term.
      In this study, the histologic changes in the cervix induced by these locally
      applied hormones are described in a rabbit model. Similar histologic changes
      occurred following treatment with relaxin or prostaglandin F2 alpha and these
      changes were comparable with those seen in the cervix following the spontaneous
      onset of labor in control rabbits. The main histologic features were a
      dissolution of the collagen bundles and an apparent increase in the ground
      substance. However, a unique giant cell infiltrate was seen in the relaxin
      treated rabbits and the control rabbits in spontaneous labor. The nature and
      possible function of these giant cells are discussed. The similarity of the
      general morphologic changes in the cervix induced by relaxin and prostaglandin F2
      alpha supports the concept that these hormones may act (either in sequence or
      separately) to activate the same collagenolytic system to produce the same effect
      in cervical connective tissue rather than act in parallel to produce separate or
      complementary structural changes.

PMID- 3861095
TI  - Uterine rupture and labor induction with prostaglandin.

PMID- 3861094
TI  - Microvasculature of preovulatory follicles: comparison of in situ and in vitro
      perfused rabbit ovaries following stimulation of ovulation.
AB  - Perifollicular vasculature undergoes significant morphologic changes as ovulation
      approaches. These vascular changes were observed in in vitro perfused and in situ
      rabbit ovaries by means of scanning electron microscopy of microcorrosion casts.
      Casts were made in in situ unstimulated ovaries, in situ ovaries stimulated with
      human chorionic gonadotropin, in vitro perfused unstimulated ovaries, and in
      vitro perfused ovaries after an ovulation-inducing dose of human chorionic
      gonadotropin, prostaglandin F2 alpha, histamine, or norepinephrine. Dilated
      vessels, extravasation of resin from weakened vessels, and filling defects at the
      apex of the follicle were observed in in situ ovaries 9 to 12 hours after
      stimulation and in in vitro perfused ovaries 4 to 6 hours after human chorionic
      gonadotropin. In vitro perfused ovaries stimulated with prostaglandin F2 alpha or
      histamine demonstrated dilated capillaries with extravasation of the resin and
      filling defects at the apex of large follicles. Norepinephrine-stimulated ovaries
      showed incomplete filling of vessels, although some large follicles showed
      extravasation of resin. The occurrence of dilated vessels, extravasation of
      resin, and filling defects is indicative of preovulatory vascular changes in both
      in situ and in vitro perfused ovaries, regardless of the ovulatory stimulus.

PMID- 3861096
TI  - Initial tooth movement: force application and pain--a relationship?
AB  - Initial dental casts of 24 patients, who had previously completed a discomfort
      index card for the first 16 days following placement of a fixed appliance, were
      examined. A method is described whereby the anterior and overall crowding in the
      relevant dental arch was measured as a tooth/arch discrepancy index using the
      reflex metrograph. The crowding was measured in three dimensions as the
      discrepancy between the sum of the anatomic mesiodistal widths of the teeth and
      the actual mean arch shape canine to canine (3 to 3) and first molar to first
      molar (6 to 6) inclusive. An additional two-dimensional method using the best
      "goodness of fit" (least variance) of a parabolic arch shape for the mean arch
      length in the 6 to 6 crowding measurement is also described. The measurement
      accuracy of the reflex plotter was less than 0.12 mm. The method error for the
      crowding measurements expressed as root mean square (RMS) values was 0.97 mm for
      the anterior tooth/arch, 1.45 mm for the overall tooth/arch discrepancies, and
      1.35 mm for the tooth/arch discrepancy based on the best fit of a parabolic
      curve. It is proposed that since the same bracket width and fully engaged arch
      wire type were used in every case, some relationship between the initial crowding
      that reflected the forces applied and the discomfort experienced by the patients
      might be expected. This was not found to be true. There was no correlation
      between the total discomfort experienced and the crowding measurements 3 to 3 or
      6 to 6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3861097
TI  - Photoelastic effects of maxillary protraction on the craniofacial complex.
AB  - The conventional treatment of anterior crossbites has been the application of
      orthopedic force to the mandible to redirect its growth. However, in the patient
      with an underdeveloped maxilla, this treatment alone is not sufficient.
      Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to study the orthopedic effects
      of maxillary protraction appliances in the treatment of anterior crossbites. A
      three-dimensional anatomic model of a human skull was fabricated with
      birefringent materials for photoelastic analysis. Three maxillary protraction
      appliances that utilized different anchorage units were used. The protraction
      forces placed on these appliances were parallel to the occlusal plane, a downward
      vector 20 degrees to the occlusal plane, and a combination of these two vectors.
      The resulting stress patterns were observed. The effects of the forces produced
      by the three appliances were transmitted to the maxilla and distant craniofacial
      structures. Both a parallel traction and a 20 degrees downward pull to the
      occlusal plane caused a constriction of the anterior portion of the maxilla. The
      parallel traction caused a counterclockwise (opening) rotation of the molar tooth
      and palatal plane. A 20 degrees downward force to the occlusal plane decreased
      this effect.

PMID- 3861098
TI  - Clinical measurement of distally directed headgear loading.
AB  - A method was developed to measure the distally directed load that is delivered to
      molar teeth by orthodontic headgear. Measurements on a three-dimensional model
      and on four patients showed that the intraoral load at the maxillary molar teeth
      was generally the same as or greater than the measured extraoral force. Higher
      loadings on the molar teeth were thought to be caused by lever arms present in
      the headgear assemblies. Both the power arm face-bow and the symmetrical face-bow
      were effective in delivering an unbalanced load when one arm was bent well
      outward. The unilateral effect was decreased as the extraoral force was
      increased. Bending of the face-bow by the stronger extraoral forces probably was
      responsible for the decreased unilateral effect. The effect of lever arms in the
      headgear assembly on the load delivered to the teeth warrants further study.

PMID- 3861099
TI  - Patient perceptions of orthognathic surgery.
AB  - A retrospective study of ninety orthognathic surgery patients was conducted to
      investigate (1) their presurgical concerns and motivations, (2) their
      preoperative preparation for surgery, and (3) their perceptions of the
      postsurgical outcome. All subjects completed a twenty-three-item questionnaire
      and Rotter's Locus of Control Inventory. Statistical date analyses were performed
      by means of frequency distributions, chi-square, Spearman's r, and Fisher's exact
      probability tests. The results are presented as thirteen tentative conclusions
      categorized into three broad areas: motivations and concerns, presurgical
      preparation, and postsurgical outcome. In the area of motivations and concerns,
      those with primarily esthetic motivations have less initial reticence toward
      having orthognathic surgery and less difficulty adjusting to their new appearance
      than those with strong functional incentives. Younger patients and those patients
      with strong cosmetic motivations are less concerned about surgical risks. Under
      the category of presurgical preparation, more females than males desire to speak
      to a previous orthognathic surgery patient. Patients who receive inadequate
      explanation of the surgical procedure are more likely to be emotionally
      unprepared. One of the leading factors in patient dissatisfaction with surgery is
      the patient's experience of postoperative "surprises." In the area of
      postsurgical outcome, two-jaw operations precipitate more pain complaints than
      single-arch procedures. With time, however, patients tend to forget the degree of
      postoperative pain. Maxillary surgical procedures lead to less severe pain
      complaints than mandibular procedures, but there are more initial complaints of
      breathing difficulties and sinus problems following maxillary procedures.
      Surgical goal fulfillment does not guarantee that a patient would re-elect to
      have the treatment.

PMID- 3861100
TI  - Dentofacial maturation of untreated normals.
AB  - Cephalometric head films from a sample of 65 untreated normal persons were
      evaluated to determine the nature and extent of the normal dentofacial maturation
      process. Thirty-four parameters were examined in the mixed dentition (9 to 10
      years), the early permanent dentition (12 to 13 years), and early adulthood (19
      to 20 years). Results showed the importance of maxillary development,
      particularly in the vertical plane, as it was associated with the amount and
      direction of sagittal mandibular growth. "Late mandibular growth" was found to be
      a forward (bite-closing) rotation of the mandible that occurred after the
      cessation of vertical maxillary growth. Condylar growth amount and direction were
      influential in determining the degree of sagittal mandibular change. The degree
      of forward (bite-closing) mandibular rotation was strongly associated with the
      amount of both maxillary and mandibular molar eruption. Incisor positions were
      found to remain relatively constant, showing compensations for the amount and
      direction of skeletal growth. No correlations or predictions of clinical value
      were found between the cephalometric parameters examined and previously recorded
      dental-cast variables.

PMID- 3861101
TI  - Dentofacial findings in a child with unrepaired median cleft of the lip at 4
      years of age.
AB  - Dentofacial findings, audiometric and tympanometric studies, and the results of a
      speech evaluation of a 4-year-old boy from Yucatan, Mexico, with a rare median
      facial cleft are reported. It is of interest to note that all the abnormalities
      present in this patient were limited to the midline structures of the maxillary
      arch. The case presented fits into the second of the two groups of median facial
      anomalies described by DeMyer and his associates. There was minimal deficiency of
      the midline facial tissue, and there were no apparent abnormalities of the
      underlying brain. A brief description of the surgical techniques used for repair
      of the lip and palate is presented.

PMID- 3861102
TI  - A comparison of arch widths in adults with normal occlusion and adults with class
      II, Division 1 malocclusion.
AB  - This study compares arch widths and other cast and cephalometric measurements of
      36 normal-occlusion subjects (19 males, 17 females) with 39 Class II, Division 1
      subjects (20 males, 19 females). None of the subjects had received orthodontic
      treatment. Analysis of variance demonstrated that subjects with normal occlusion
      had larger maxillary molar widths, maxillary canine widths, and maxillary
      alveolar widths than subjects with malocclusion; only male subjects with normal
      occlusion had larger mandibular molar widths and mandibular alveolar widths than
      the malocclusion subjects; the normal occlusion and malocclusion groups had
      similar mandibular canine widths; and when the lower molar and alveolar widths
      were subtracted from corresponding upper widths, the remainders of the Class II
      group were negative instead of positive, contrary to the normal group. This
      revealed a posterior crossbite tendency in the Class II group.

PMID- 3861103
TI  - Skeletal and dental changes following functional regulator therapy on class II
      patients.
AB  - Craniofacial growth in 100 patients treated with the functional regulator of
      Frankel for about 24 months was compared with craniofacial growth seen in a
      matched group of untreated persons with Class II malocclusion. Both conventional
      and geometric cephalometric analyses were used to evaluate the skeletal and
      dental adaptations. This study shows several clear effects of treatment in either
      of two age ranges considered. The principal skeletal effect was advancement of
      the mandible along the direction of the facial axis. This advancement resulted in
      increases in mandibular length and in vertical facial dimensions. There was
      little effect of treatment upon maxillary skeletal structures with the exception
      of point A, which moved slightly posteriorly. Dentoalveolar adaptations due to
      treatment included a decrease in the normal forward movement of the upper molar
      and an increase in the normal vertical movement of the lower molar. There was a 2
      mm posterior movement of the tip of the upper incisor but minimal anterior
      tipping of the lower incisor.

PMID- 3861104
TI  - Assessment of the bulimic patient.
AB  - A comprehensive method of assessing the bulimic patient founded on the
      biopsychosocial model is outlined. Particular emphasis is given to the
      behavioral, biological, and psychological levels of organization. Case material
      is used to illustrate the marked heterogeneity of the bulimic syndrome and the
      need for thorough assessment.

PMID- 3861105
TI  - Bulimia associated with increased intracranial pressure.

PMID- 3861106
TI  - Immunobiology of the Dunning R-3327 rat prostate adenocarcinoma sublines: plasma
      and tumor effusion prostaglandins.
AB  - Enhanced production of prostaglandins (PGs) by experimentally-induced and
      naturally occurring tumors and their effect on tumor growth and
      immunosurveillance have been noted. Directed toward further evaluation of the
      relationship between prostatic tumor growth and its milieu, i.e.,
      microenvironment, we investigated the possible correlation between levels of PGs,
      tumor size, and metastatic potential. For this purpose, the levels of PGE2 and
      PGF2 alpha in plasma and tumor effusions of three tumor sublines of the Dunning R
      3327 rat prostate adenocarcinoma were measured: R-3327H, well-differentiated,
      slow-growing, and poorly metastatic; R-3327G, poorly differentiated, fast
      growing, and poorly metastatic; and R-3327 Mat LyLu, anaplastic, fast-growing,
      and highly metastatic. The level of PGF2 alpha was highly variable with no
      significant differences being noted between the tumor sublines. The mean values
      of PGF2 alpha were, however, higher, although not significantly so, in the
      smaller tumors within each of the sublines. The levels of PGE2 were significantly
      higher in Mat LyLu effusions than those from the nonmetastasizing R-3327G and H
      sublines. Evaluation and comparison of the relationship between tumor burden,
      i.e., size versus levels of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha showed no significant
      differences. A vasodilator and regulator of immunological responsiveness, PGE2,
      may function as a modulator of tumor metastases. In consonance with studies by
      others elevated levels of PGE2 may possibly serve as a prognostic marker for the
      high metastatic potential of neoplastic cells.

PMID- 3861107
TI  - Leukemia cutis. A histopathologic study of 42 cases.
AB  - Biopsy specimens of skin from 42 patients with leukemia cutis were studied.
      Typing of leukemia was based on histopathologic and histochemical findings in
      peripheral blood and bone marrow. There were three patients with acute
      lymphocytic leukemia, 16 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 12 with acute
      granulocytic leukemia, three with chronic granulocytic leukemia, five with acute
      monocytic leukemia, and three with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. In general,
      leukemia cutis shows a diffuse infiltration of leukemic cells in the dermis and
      subcutaneous tissue, often infiltrating between collagen bundles. Extensive
      involvement and disruption of blood vessels and skin adnexa are characteristic
      findings in granulocytic, monocytic, and myelomonocytic leukemia cutis, but
      biopsy specimens of skin in patients with different types of leukemia show a wide
      range of histopathologic changes that are variable among the various types of
      leukemia and sometimes even among different patients with the same type of
      leukemia. A final typing of leukemia should not rely only on regular
      histopathologic findings of a skin biopsy, but should depend more on morphologic
      and histochemical studies of smears of peripheral blood or of bone marrow or
      both.

PMID- 3861108
TI  - A bellow's leak in an Ohio anesthesia ventilator.

PMID- 3861109
TI  - Anesthesia ventilators should have adjustable high-pressure alarms.

PMID- 3861110
TI  - Allergy and Tourette's syndrome.
AB  - Four patients with Tourette's syndrome who presented in an allergist's office are
      described. The diagnostic criteria, presentation of Tourette's syndrome, and
      current therapy are discussed. All four patients had increased serum IgE levels
      and positive skin tests. Symptoms of Tourette patients may mimic allergy or
      present combined with allergic illness.

PMID- 3861111
TI  - Nifedipine inhibits human bronchial smooth muscle contractions induced by
      leukotrienes C4 and D4, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and potassium.
AB  - The effects of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, on human bronchial smooth
      muscle contractions induced by leukotrienes C4 and D4 (LTC4, LTD4), prostaglandin
      F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), and potassium were studied in vitro. The LTC4, LTD4, PGF2
      alpha, and potassium caused bronchial smooth muscle contractions. After
      incubation with nifedipine at 2.9 X 10(-6)M, the contractions caused by LTC4,
      LTD4, PGF2 alpha, and potassium were significantly decreased. Nifedipine also
      significantly reversed human bronchial smooth muscle contractions previously
      initiated by these agonists. The effect of nifedipine on potassium contraction
      was significantly greater than that on LTC4, LTD4, and PGF2 alpha-induced
      contractions. The pharmacologic feature of nifedipine is that it inhibits the
      calcium influx associated with membrane depolarization. Therefore, these results
      suggest that there are two mechanisms of calcium movements in human bronchial
      smooth muscle contractions induced by LTC4, LTD4, and PGF2 alpha: membrane
      depolarization-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

PMID- 3861112
TI  - The HLA-A, -B, and -DR phenotypes and tuberculosis.
AB  - The HLA-A, -B, and -DR antigens were studied in black Americans to analyze
      deviation in phenotype distribution between ATS Class 3 patients with
      tuberculosis disease and ATS Class 2 healthy persons with significant tuberculin
      reaction, but no tuberculosis. Statistical analyses with Fisher's exact test
      revealed a significant difference in frequency distribution of HLA-B5 (p =
      0.046), HLA-DR5 (p = 0.0276), and HLA-DR6y (p = 0.0095) between ATS Class 2 and
      ATS Class 3 patients. There was a significant decrease in HLA-DR6y (p = 0.01) but
      increase in HLA-B5 and HLA-DR5 phenotypes in ATS Class 3 patients.

PMID- 3861113
TI  - Cyclosporine and renal prostaglandin E2 production.

PMID- 3861114
TI  - Neuronal cholecystokinin.

PMID- 3861115
TI  - Comparative distribution of cholecystokinin and other neuropeptides. Why is this
      peptide different from all other peptides?

PMID- 3861117
TI  - The distribution and some connections of cholecystokinin neurons in the rat
      brain.

PMID- 3861116
TI  - Sulfation and desulfation of cerebral cholecystokinin.
AB  - An apparently novel sulfotransferase present in microsomal and vesicular
      fractions from rat brain is able to transfer [35S]sulfate groups from [35S]PAPS
      to CCK derivatives. Its optimum pH (approximately 6), its substrate specificity,
      and its subcellular localization are all consistent with its function as post
      translational processing enzyme. However, its presence in tissues devoid of CCK
      argues against this idea, or could simply mean that it is involved in the
      processing of other peptides besides CCK. No evidence could be obtained for
      extensive desulfation of endogenous CCK-8 released by depolarization of brain
      slices.

PMID- 3861118
TI  - Studies on cholecystokinin-containing neuronal pathways in rat cerebral cortex
      and striatum.
AB  - Lesion experiments were performed to investigate the origin of CCK-containing
      afferents of the striatum. All the subdivisions of the striatum that were
      investigated seem to receive CCK afferents from dorsolateral and lateral
      neocortical areas. However, destruction of these cortical areas alone did not
      reduce CCK-IRC in the striatum. Only after an additional parasagittal severance
      of the corpus callosum were significant decreases in CCK-IRC of all striatal
      subdivisions observed. Thus, CCK neurons in ipsilateral midline areas (such as
      the cingulate cortex) or, more likely, in contralateral cortical areas, seem to
      project to the striatum of one side. The CCK fibers seem to enter the striatum
      via the capsula externa, since a lesion of this structure has been shown to
      diminish the CCK-IRC in the striatum. In addition, the dorsomedial part of the
      head of the striatum may receive a projection of CCK fibers from the anterior
      cingulate area. A series of lesions which severed the afferents of structures
      caudal to the striatum, that is, the amygdaloid complex and the ventral tegmental
      area plus substantia nigra, did not reduce CCK-IRC in the striatum. Some of these
      lesions even significantly enhanced CCK-IRC in several subdivisions of the
      ipsilateral and contralateral striatum. Further studies will be necessary to cast
      some light on these caudal CCK afferents to the striatum, which are obviously
      extremely complex.

PMID- 3861119
TI  - Anatomical studies of cholecystokinin in neurons and pathways involved in
      neuroendocrine regulation.
AB  - A CCK-like substance has been identified in two distinct neuronal systems of the
      PVN which are both involved in neuroendocrine regulation. The CCK parvicellular
      neurons are potentially involved in the regulation of adenohypophyseal hormone
      secretion through projections to the external zone of the median eminence. CCK
      immunoreactivity was also identified in the magnocellular-neurohypophyseal
      system, exclusively in oxytocinergic neurons. Thus, CCK might participate in the
      modulation of oxytocin secretion.

PMID- 3861120
TI  - Studies on brain cholecystokinin in different species using sequence-specific
      antisera.

PMID- 3861121
TI  - Electrophysiological studies of the role of cholecystokinin in the substantia
      nigra and its interactions with dopamine.

PMID- 3861122
TI  - Cholecystokinin potentiation of dopamine-mediated behaviors in the nucleus
      accumbens.

PMID- 3861123
TI  - Distinct properties of cholecystokinin-8 and mixed dopamine-cholecystokinin-8
      neurons innervating the nucleus accumbens.

PMID- 3861124
TI  - Cholecystokinin and gastrin forms in the nervous system.
AB  - Cholecystokinin octapeptide is the predominant representative of the gastrin-CCK
      family in the central nervous system. Other forms occur in low concentrations, or
      restricted locations, as do the gastrins. The pathways of biosynthetic processing
      can now be studied in detail, following the elucidation of the cDNA sequence for
      the two peptides. In the vagus both CCK and gastrin can be found. Brain stem
      neurons receiving an input from gastric mechanoreceptors respond to CCK-8, but
      most do not respond to gastrin given intravenously or intra-arterially. This
      system, which may well be involved in mediating the peripheral satiety effect of
      CCK, is therefore able to distinguish between the two peptides.

PMID- 3861125
TI  - The effects of cholecystokinin-8 in the nucleus tractus solitarius.

PMID- 3861126
TI  - Satiety effects of cholecystokinin and ceruletide in lean and obese man.
AB  - Cholecystokinin (CCK) has been shown to produce satiety not only in a variety of
      animal species but in man as well. In healthy humans, CCK reduces appetite and
      activation arising from the preparation of a meal, inhibits intake of liquid food
      in both non-obese and obese subjects, and decreases the intake of solid food. The
      closely related caerulein produces a similar reduction of solid food consumption
      in lean and, as suggested by preliminary results, in obese man. There is good
      evidence that the satiety effect of CCK depends on its inhibition of gastric
      emptying and the consequent gastric distension. In healthy man, the same dose of
      caerulein found to reduce food intake also slows gastric emptying of a semisolid
      meal. This effect seems to be relayed into the brain by afferent vagal fibers as
      in animals; selective gastric vagotomy blocks the satiety effect while
      pharmacological antagonism of vagal motor effects or lesions in the ventro-medial
      hypothalamus do not. Ongoing studies suggest that gastric vagotomy also blocks
      the satiety effects of caerulein in man. A critical role for CCK in the control
      of human feeding behavior seems certain.

PMID- 3861127
TI  - Opiate antagonistic function of cholecystokinin in analgesia and energy balance
      systems.
AB  - Because several effects of cholecystokinin (CCK) are opposite to those reported
      for opioids, it seemed likely that CCK may function as an endogenous antagonist
      of opiate action. This hypothesis was tested initially by assessing the effect of
      CCK on opiate analgesias. Systemic administration of CCK attenuated opiate
      analgesias produced by morphine and footshock, but did not reduce nonopiate
      footshock analgesia. When delivered directly to the lumbosacral spinal cord, a
      critical site of opiate action, 3.6 ng of CCK-8 significantly inhibited opiate
      mediated footshock analgesia; however, 3.6 ng of desulfated CCK-8 did not have an
      effect. Sequestering of endogenously circulating CCK by antibodies raised against
      CCK through an active immunization procedure resulted in a potentiation of
      morphine analgesia. If CCK functions to inhibit opiate involvement in behaviors
      other than pain responsitivity, CCK-induced satiety may result from an inhibition
      of opiate-stimulated feeding. In immunohistochemical studies, we have found a
      dense CCK fiber plexus in the dorsal PVN, a critical site for opiate-induced
      feeding. Direct microinjections of CCK to this region reduced short-term food
      intake by 28%. The findings presented here support the hypothesis that an opiate
      antagonistic function of CCK may account for several previously reported effects
      of this peptide.

PMID- 3861128
TI  - Neurochemistry of cholecystokinin in brain, pituitary, and cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 3861129
TI  - Psychopharmacological profile of cholecystokinin using the self-stimulation and
      the drug discrimination paradigms.

PMID- 3861130
TI  - Modulation of cholecystokinin gene expression.

PMID- 3861131
TI  - Molecular forms of cholecystokinin in the nervous system.

PMID- 3861132
TI  - [Testicular involvement in acute lymphoblastic leukoses. Consequences of
      radiotherapy and chemotherapy].

PMID- 3861133
TI  - Hyperphagia: a necessary precondition to obesity?
AB  - Weight-gain is generally attributed to a caloric imbalance resulting from
      hyperphagia. However, this attribution is often made without observing caloric
      intakes during the initial accumulation of fat stores. Instead, this conclusion
      is drawn because many obese organisms overeat, and overconsumption is sufficient
      to cause weight-gain. The literature is reviewed, specifically those studies on
      the onset of caloric overconsumption relative to weight-gain and the accumulation
      of fat during food restriction, which suggests that hyperphagia is not necessary
      for animals prone to obesity to become fatter and heavier. It is observed that
      animals with genetically- and surgically-induced obesity often become fat prior
      to hyperphagia and continue to gain even if food restricted to subnormal levels.
      Overconsumption does speed this gain.

PMID- 3861134
TI  - Chemical modification of S-adenosylhomocysteinase by a water-soluble
      carbodiimide.
AB  - S-Adenosylhomocysteinase (EC 3.3.1.1) from rat liver is inactivated by 1
      cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate (CMC) in a
      pseudo-first-order fashion. The rate of inactivation is linearly related to the
      concentration of the reagent, and a second-order rate constant of 4.94 +/- 0.27 M
      1 min-1 is obtained at pH 5.5 and 25 degrees C. The inactivation does not involve
      change in the quaternary structure of the enzyme nor modification or release of
      the enzyme-bound NAD. Lack of modification at tyrosine, serine, cysteine,
      histidine, and lysine residues and the fact that the inactivation is favored at
      low pH suggest that the inactivation is caused by the modification of a carboxyl
      group. Statistical analysis of the relationship between the residual enzyme
      activity and the extent of modification, and comparison of the number of residues
      modified in the presence and absence of the substrate adenosine show that, among
      four reactive residues per enzyme subunit, only one residue which reacts more
      rapidly with the reagent than the rest is critical for activity. The CMC-modified
      enzyme binds adenosine and S-adenosylhomocysteine and is able to oxidize the 3'
      hydroxyl of these substrates, but apparently fails to catalyze the abstraction of
      the 4' proton of adenosine.

PMID- 3861135
TI  - Purification and characterization of galactocerebroside sulfotransferase from rat
      kidney.
AB  - Galactocerebroside sulfotransferase (EC 2.8.2.11) was purified to apparent
      homogeneity from rat kidneys. The purified protein is stable at -20 degrees C,
      and has an estimated molecular weight of 64,000 and a pI of 5.1. In contrast to
      other known sulfotransferases, the enzyme appears not to require divalent metal
      ions for activity. The Km for the donor, 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate,
      is 5.2 microM. Structural studies on this "active" sulfate donor show the
      requirement of a phosphate group at the 3' position of the ribose moiety.
      Modification of the amino group at either the 6 or 8 position on the purine ring
      renders the corresponding compounds poor substrates. Both galactosylceramide and
      lactosylceramide are effective acceptors for this enzyme, while
      galactosylsphingosine and galactosylglycerolipids are sulfated only poorly,
      suggesting that the in vivo sulfation of these glycolipids is carried out by
      different sulfotransferases. The active site of the enzyme contains arginine
      residues which appear to be important in binding the sulfate donor. The enzyme
      protein is hydrophobic and binds 0.17 mg [3H]Triton X-100/mg protein. The
      purified enzyme contains bound lipids, consisting primarily of cholesterol and
      phosphatidylcholine. The lipid environment affects the activity of the enzyme
      which, in turn, regulates the sulfation of glycolipids.

PMID- 3861136
TI  - [A case of acute promyelocytic leukemia complicated with severe esophageal
      stenosis caused by aclacinomycin A].
AB  - Aclacinomycin A (ACM) is different from other anthracycline antibiotics in its
      antitumor activity and clinical effect. We report a case of acute promyelocytic
      leukemia complicated with severe esophageal ulcer by BH-AC . AMP therapy. The
      patient was 24 years old. In 1983, he achieved complete remission with BH-AC .
      DMP therapy but we confirmed relapse in April, 1984. ACM caused nausea, vomiting,
      diarrhea, alimentary tract bleeding and sore throat, together with a complication
      of esophageal stenosis. In about half of 10 cases receiving BH-AC . AMP therapy
      in our hospital, we noticed severe bleeding in the urinary treat, genital organs
      and alimentary tract. Care should therefore be taken with regard to mucosal
      injury when ACM therapy is used.

PMID- 3861137
TI  - Pernio. A possible association with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.
AB  - Florid pernio occurred in an elderly man with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
      (CMML). Previous case reports showed four elderly men with pernio and a
      hematologic disorder. Retrospective examination of the reported hematologic
      features of these cases enabled us to identify them as cases of CMML. Pernio
      preceded the diagnosis of the leukemia in all cases. We suggest that pernio may
      occur as an initial manifestation of CMML. The pathogenesis of pernio in
      association with CMML remains unclear.

PMID- 3861138
TI  - Intracervical versus intravaginal PGE2 for induction of labor at term in patients
      with an unfavorable cervix.
AB  - In a randomized double-blind study we evaluated the effects on cervical ripening
      and labor induction of 0.5 mg PGE2 in gel given intracervically and 2.0 mg PGE2
      given as a vaginal suppository. All patients were at term with unfavorable
      cervical scores. The indications for induction were toxemia, diabetes mellitus,
      Rh-immunization, or intrauterine growth retardation. Significantly better results
      for both cervical priming and labor induction were obtained after intracervical
      PGE2-gel application than after treatment with placebo or vaginal suppositories.
      Eleven out of 19 patients (58%) were delivered within 24 h after intracervical
      PGE2-gel compared to two out of 19 patients given placebo (p less than 0.01). In
      patients not delivered 24 h after the start of treatment, the mean cervical score
      had changed from 3.7 to 6.0 (p less than 0.05) after PGE2-gel application
      compared to a change from 3.9 to 4.3 after placebo treatment (n.s.). The outcome
      after treatment with PGE2 suppositories did not differ significantly from that
      with placebo treatment. In a subsequent study 25 patients were given 0.5 mg PGE2
      gel intracervically. The results were consistent with those obtained in patients
      receiving PGE2-gel intracervically in the double-blind study. Few side effects
      were noted. No patient complained of gastro-intestinal discomfort but increased
      myometrial activity was observed in two patients; one after placebo and the other
      after active intracervical PGE2-gel treatment. The hyperactivity was readily
      countered with the beta 2-agonist, terbutaline. All infants were born in good
      condition with Apgar scores of 7 or more within 5 min. At pediatric examinations
      at 1 week and at 6 months of age all children seemed healthy.

PMID- 3861139
TI  - Effects of prolonged cold storage on the responsiveness of isolated and perfused
      canine intermediate auricular artery.
AB  - Using the cannula inserting method, we investigated the effects of prolonged cold
      storage (5-7 days, at 4 degrees C) on vasoconstrictor responses of the isolated
      and perfused canine intermediate auricular artery to norepinephrine, tyramine,
      serotonin, histamine, prostaglandin F 2 alpha and potassium chloride. The
      vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine and potassium chloride were slightly
      enhanced by prolonged cold storage but not significantly, and those to serotonin
      and prostaglandin F 2 alpha were not influenced at all. On the other hand, the
      dose-response curve for tyramine shifted to the right in a parallel manner, and
      histamine-induced vasoconstriction was markedly potentiated by prolonged cold
      storage in a maximal increase in perfusion pressure. From these results, it is
      concluded that prolonged cold storage on the isolated canine intermediate
      auricular artery may not cause complete denervation of adrenergic nerve fibers
      and responsiveness to vasoactive substances except histamine remains almost the
      same in non-stored vessels.

PMID- 3861140
TI  - Effect of copper on blood serum xanthine dehydrogenase in rats given D-L
      ethionine.
AB  - Hepatic lesions by D-L-ethionine in rats produce a significant increase in the
      blood serum xanthine dehydrogenase activity. Cupric acetate is a potent inhibitor
      (Ki = 3.42 X 10(-6) M) of the xanthine dehydrogenase activity. Ethionine protects
      against the inhibitory effect of cupric acetate by formation of a copper complex
      with behaviour different from that of free ethionine.

PMID- 3861141
TI  - [Features of the intracellular repair of irradiated keratinocytes].
AB  - By means of light and electron microscopy, intracellular reparation has been
      studied after a local x-ray radiation of the rat paws (7.74 X 10(-1) Ci/kg) using
      radioprotectors (mexamin, cysteamin, ionol) and other chemical compounds
      (including membranoprotective ones). Restoration of the intracellular structures
      after x-ray burns proceeds more slowly and more complexly than reparation of the
      epidermis as a tissue system. To the slowly repairing intracellular formations
      belong mitochondria and, especially, internal mitochondrial membrane, as well as
      intercellular contacts. Under radiation mitochondria increase their volume at the
      expense of their three-fold swelling. Preliminary treatment of the skin with some
      of the compounds mentioned above decreases or completely prevents these changes.
      By means of the membranoactive chemical compounds, as well as by means of the
      known radioprotectors it is possible essentially to normalize the process of
      intracellular reparation and physiological regeneration of the ultrastructures,
      and in some cases, to stimulate reparative processes in them.

PMID- 3861142
TI  - Anti-dental caries effect in rats and man of a bacteriocin purified from the oral
      bacterium Streptococcus mutans C3603.
AB  - Specific pathogen-free rats infected with Streptococcus mutans PS-14 (serotype c)
      and fed a cariogenic diet containing 380 parts/10(6) of bacteriocin, purified
      from Strep. mutans C3603, developed significantly fewer carious lesions than
      controls infected with Strep. mutans and fed the same diet without bacteriocin.
      The caries-inhibitory effect was 58.7 per cent. Oral appliances fixed with bovine
      enamel slabs were worn by volunteers to test bacteriocin C3603. The enamel slabs
      were treated with 500 parts/10(6) bacteriocin in 3 per cent sucrose solution for
      10 min, 4 times daily, or with 3 per cent sucrose solution, 3 times daily, for 10
      min and just before bedtime with 500 parts/10(6) bacteriocin once for 1 min. The
      bacteriocin exerted a strong inhibition of cariogenicity of sucrose.

PMID- 3861143
TI  - Chemical nature of collagen in the placoid-scale dentine of the blue shark,
      Prionace glauca L.
AB  - The dentine fraction was obtained from powdered placoid scales by differential
      density-flotation, and demineralized with 0.5 M EDTA. Monomeric alpha 1 and alpha
      2 chains of collagen were extracted from the residual organic matrix, and the two
      alpha chains purified by chromatography. The two alpha chains were also isolated
      from shark-skin collagen. The corresponding alpha chains from shark dentine and
      skin collagens resembled each other closely in chromatographic and
      electrophoretic behaviour and in their CNBr-peptide maps but differed from calf
      skin alpha chains. The differences in the chemical composition between shark
      dentine and skin were due only to post-translational modification (hydroxylation
      and phosphorylation), indicating that the collagens are of the same type. The
      hydroxylation of prolyl and lysyl residues occurred more in the dentine alpha
      chains than in the skin chains. Among the four alpha chains, the phosphate
      content was the highest in the alpha 2 chain of the dentine collagen. These
      differences in hydroxylation and phosphorylation have been observed among alpha
      chains of mammalian mineralized and unmineralized tissues. The preferential
      dimerization to form alpha 1-alpha 2, characteristic of shark-skin collagen, was
      not observed in the dentine collagen. Other dimers were hardly detectable in the
      latter.

PMID- 3861144
TI  - The association between dietary sucrose consumption and microbial population
      shifts at six oral sites in man.
AB  - Sucrose-related microbial population shifts were evaluated at 6 oral sites in 22
      volunteers, who consumed high-sucrose diets for 21 days followed by low-sucrose
      diets for 21 days. Culturing was performed at 0, 12, 21, 33 and 42 days of the 6
      week experiment. Over 50,000 microbial isolates were characterized and analysed.
      Analysis of initial cultures showed the following site-specific microbial
      characteristics of the 6 sites evaluated: (1) molar fissures harboured higher
      levels of Neisseria species and showed the highest facultative-to-anaerobic
      ratio; (2) molar fissures and cervical buccal sites showed high Streptococcus
      sanguis levels and total Gram-positive cocci and fewer Gram-negative bacilli; (3)
      the tongue and saliva gave high concentrations of Streptococcus salivarius and
      Veillonella sp. Sucrose intake was positively related to concentrations of yeasts
      and Streptococcus mutans in the molar fissures; Actinomyces viscosus in the
      mandibular approximal site; Strep. mutans, Veillonella sp. and Lactobacillus sp.
      in the maxillary approximal site and Strep. salivarius on the tongue and in
      saliva. Sucrose intake was negatively related to concentrations of Neisseria sp.
      on the tongue and total Gram-positive bacilli in saliva. A definite ecological
      effect of sucrose on the oral microflora was confirmed. The high inter-subject
      and site variations of target bacteria and the generally low magnitude of shifts,
      however, discourage implementation of microbiological criteria in dietary
      assessments.

PMID- 3861145
TI  - Establishment and distribution of the bacteria Actinomyces viscosus and
      Actinomyces naeslundii in the mouths of monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).
AB  - The colonization of the mouth by the two Actinomyces species, postulated to be
      members of a basic plaque flora, was studied in 27 consecutively-born neonatal
      monkeys. Bacteria adherent to the tongue and cheek surfaces were sampled from
      each monkey soon after birth (mean age = 3.2 days). The tongue and cheek surfaces
      and the labial surfaces of the incisor teeth were sampled at 4, 8 and 12 weeks of
      age. From only one neonatal sample were Actinomyces species isolated. By 4 weeks
      of age, the incisor teeth are partially erupted and, from teeth erupted more than
      1 mm, A. naeslundii was frequently isolated and its proportion increased between
      4 and 8 weeks on all surfaces sampled. At 4, 8 and 12 weeks, the proportion of A.
      naeslundii on the incisor teeth was greater than on the mucosal surfaces. The
      isolation rate of A. viscosus was low in these neonates, but it was isolated from
      each of 6 juvenile monkeys fed a starch diet. In the 6 juvenile monkeys, the
      proportion of A. viscosus decreased following the introduction of a sucrose
      containing diet, whereas the proportion of A. naeslundii on the teeth increased.
      The early establishment of A. naeslundii and, to a lesser extent, A. viscosus in
      the dental plaque of neonatal monkeys fed exclusively by their mothers suggests
      that members of a basic plaque flora may be those bacteria establishing in the
      plaque during the period of breast-feeding.

PMID- 3861146
TI  - Differential termination times of enamel formation on human deciduous anterior
      tooth surfaces revealed by tetracycline labelling.
AB  - The positional relationships between the cervical-enamel margin and the
      intersecting point of a fluorescent (tetracycline) line in dentine, with the
      outer dentine surface or the dentine-enamel junction, were investigated by
      ultraviolet microscopy of the human deciduous anterior teeth. The results suggest
      that enamel formation (1) ended earlier on the mesial than on the distal surface
      in 18 instances and, nearly simultaneously on both of these surfaces in four, (2)
      ended earlier on the distal than on the labial surface in all 28 specimens and
      (3) ended earlier on the labial than on the lingual surface in 14 instances and
      nearly simultaneously on both of these surfaces in eight instances.

PMID- 3861147
TI  - Peripheral influences on the central pattern-rhythm generator for tongue
      movements in the rat.
AB  - Rhythmic activity in the tongue and other oral muscles was evoked by mechanical
      stimulation of the hard palate in ketamine-anaesthetized rats. The relation
      between neural discharges of single hypoglossal motoneurones and activity in the
      masseter and anterior digastric muscle, and stimulus parameters was analysed. By
      varying the stimulus parameters, hypoglossal-motoneurone activity was modulated
      from phasic reflex activity into rhythmic activity. The tongue and other recorded
      muscles are likely to be controlled by the same pattern-rhythm generator, when
      rhythmic activity is induced by palatal stimulation. Exteroceptive oral stimuli
      can activate the tongue pattern-rhythm generator independently of proprioceptive
      feedback. Proprioceptive input from oral structures influenced the burst duration
      of rhythmic hypoglossal motoneurone activity. The cycle duration and the number
      of discharges/burst, however, was not affected by proprioceptive input. The
      hypoglossal-motoneurone pool may be influenced by more than one pattern-rhythm
      generator because the burst characteristics of rhythmically-firing hypoglossal
      motoneurones depend upon stimulus conditions. These hypoglossal pattern-rhythm
      generators have possible hierarchic relations because a shift from one burst
      pattern into another can be evoked by changing stimulus conditions. The pattern
      rhythm generators for oral movements may be composed of a neural-pattern
      generator and a neural-rhythm generator, which can be modulated separately by
      peripheral inputs.

PMID- 3861148
TI  - Ca2+ sensitivities and transient tension responses to step-length stretches in
      feline mechanically-stripped single-fibre jaw-muscle preparations.
AB  - At a muscle length, Lo (just taut), isometric tension at constant levels of
      various Ca2+ activations and transient tension responses to rapid length
      stretches (less than 1 per cent of Lo within 2 ms) at maximal Ca2+ activation
      level were measured in temporal, masseter and digastric (anterior belly) muscles
      (2-3 mm long and 24-48 micron in diameter). Steady isometric tension increased in
      a sigmoid fashion with increasing Ca2+ concentration from about pCa 7.28 to 4.49
      in temporalis, from about pCa 6.18 to 4.40 in masseter and from about pCa 5.82 to
      4.40 in digastric. The maximum tension was 75.5 +/- 10.2 g/mm2 in temporalis,
      44.7 +/- 14.1 g/mm2 in masseter, and 46.1 +/- 20.1 g/mm2 in digastric. In the
      resting state, the sarcomere length at Lo was 2.34 +/- 0.06 micron in temporalis,
      2.20 +/- 0.08 micron in masseter, and 2.20 +/- 0.00 micron in digastric. When the
      sarcomere length was stretched from 2.20 to 2.34 micron (the sarcomere length of
      temporalis at Lo) in the masseter and digastric, the Ca2+ sensitivity increased
      without significant change of the maximum tension in either muscle. The transient
      tension responses in all three muscles showed two distinct phases; an immediate
      tension increase coincident with the length stretch followed by an exponential
      tension decrease. The mean value of the time constant in the second phase was
      58.5 +/- 19.7 ms in temporalis, 58.5 +/- 12.6 ms in masseter, and 362.6 +/- 16.8
      ms in digastric. Thus temporalis showed a higher Ca2+ sensitivity at Lo and a
      greater maximum tension-producing capability than the other muscles and the cross
      bridge turnover rate appears to be slower in digastric than in the others.

PMID- 3861149
TI  - Ultrastructural characterization of extracellular matrix vesicles in the
      mineralizing fronts of apical cementum in cats.
AB  - Fine structure and the organic-inorganic relationship in mineralized fronts of
      cementum was studied with post-embedding demineralization and staining method.
      Typical matrix vesicles were observed between apical cementum and cementoblasts.
      Some vesicles were enclosed by a unit membrane; others contained needle-like
      crystals. Cementum crystals were found on unstained sections as filament- and
      needle-like structures which disappeared completely on EDTA treatment; similarly
      shaped structures re-appeared following uranyl and lead staining. These findings
      suggest that matrix vesicles might act as initiators of additional cementogenesis
      and that crystal ghosts seen in cementum consist of organic materials.

PMID- 3861150
TI  - Age-related changes in the content of non-reducible crosslinks in rat mandibular
      bone.
AB  - Age-related changes in the content of non-reducible crosslink amino acids,
      pyridinoline and histidinoalanine, in rat mandibular bone were studied. The
      pyridinoline content markedly increased up to 12 months of age and thereafter
      slightly increased. The histidinoalanine content was low until 3 months of age,
      but thereafter increased significantly up to 24 months. Total collagen content
      remained constant throughout the experiment. From these results, pyridinoline and
      histidinoalanine may serve as markers for the maturation and senescence,
      respectively, of mandibular bone.

PMID- 3861151
TI  - Secondary syphilis with extensive oral manifestations.

PMID- 3861152
TI  - The fluoride content of some teas available in Australia.

PMID- 3861153
TI  - An unusual dental presentation of cat scratch disease.

PMID- 3861154
TI  - Differential dark field microscopy of acute ulcerative gingivitis. Case report.

PMID- 3861155
TI  - The palatally impacted cuspid tooth: a new surgical approach to treatment.

PMID- 3861156
TI  - Hepatitis B--a personal view.

PMID- 3861157
TI  - Caries promotion properties of human diets.

PMID- 3861158
TI  - Prilocaine in pregnancy.

PMID- 3861159
TI  - The importance of the lymphatic system.

PMID- 3861161
TI  - Restorative dentistry for children.

PMID- 3861160
TI  - Infective endocarditis.

PMID- 3861162
TI  - Periodontal implications of the adolescent cleft palate patient.

PMID- 3861163
TI  - Needle muscle biopsy: will it make open biopsy obsolete?
AB  - Seventy-five needle muscle biopsies have been performed in this department over
      the past two years. Adequate biopsies were obtained in 69 cases. In 40 cases a
      variety of neuromuscular conditions was seen, broadly categorised as necrotizing
      myopathy (10), neurogenic atrophy (7), metabolic myopathy (5), vasculitis (2),
      normal muscle (7), and non-specific changes (9). Twenty-nine cases were for
      muscular dystrophy carrier detection. There were no complications associated with
      the procedure. The technique is simple and quick, and can be performed on
      outpatients or in the ward. Needle biopsy is the method of choice for sampling
      skeletal muscle in most patients, although open biopsy is still indicated for
      certain conditions.

PMID- 3861164
TI  - Management of extra-sellar pituitary tumours with bromocriptine: comparison of
      prolactin secreting and non-functioning tumours using half-field visual evoked
      potentials and computerised tomography.
AB  - To determine whether prolactin secreting and non-functioning pituitary tumours
      respond differently in terms of shrinkage to bromocriptine, we prospectively
      studied ten consecutive patients (five with prolactinomas and five with non
      functioning tumours) complicated by extra-sellar extensions. No patient had
      received prior radiotherapy or bromocriptine and the mean dose and duration of
      bromocriptine treatment were identical in the two groups of patients. Objective
      evidence of tumour shrinkage was provided by serial half-field visual evoked
      potentials (VEPs) and computerised tomography (CT). All five prolactinomas were
      shown to shrink as assessed by improvement in VEP and four of the five as
      assessed by CT. In contrast, only one of the five patients with non-functioning
      tumours showed any improvement in VEP or CT. Macroprolactinomas frequently shrink
      rapidly when treated with bromocriptine, whereas non-functioning tumours seldom
      show such a dramatic response.

PMID- 3861165
TI  - Safety of thrice-weekly rifampicin for tuberculosis in South-East Asian refugees.
AB  - The incidence and types of adverse reactions to rifampicin (in combination with
      isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) have been studied in 86 South-East Asian
      refugees treated for tuberculosis in Australia. Most patients received daily
      therapy initially (mean 3.5 months) followed by supervised thrice-weekly
      treatment (mean 4.6 months). Minor adverse reactions occurred with similar
      frequencies during daily (5%) and intermittent (5%) treatment but in no case was
      modification of rifampicin dosage required. Withdrawal of pyrazinamide was
      necessary in two patients (2.3%) with clinical hepatitis.

PMID- 3861166
TI  - Wegener's granulomatosis: clinical features and outcome in seventeen patients.
AB  - Seventeen patients with Wegener's granulomatosis are reviewed. Eleven males and
      six females, with a mean age of 46.9 +/- 4.5 years, were followed for 35.7 +/-
      9.0 months. Mean duration from time of onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 8.5 +/-
      3.1 months. Constitutional symptoms (100%), lower respiratory tract involvement
      (93%), renal involvement (87%), and upper respiratory tract involvement (80%)
      were the most frequent clinical manifestations. Arthritis (60%), dermal
      vasculitis (60%), and inflammatory ocular disease (40%) were also common.
      Elevated ESR (94%), anemia (70%), and lymphopenia (77%) were frequent laboratory
      findings prior to treatment. Five patients had renal failure at presentation and
      two patients progressed from no renal involvement at presentation to renal
      failure at diagnosis, while five patients progressed from renal involvement
      without impairment at diagnosis to end-stage renal failure. Seven patients died;
      six of these deaths were related to active Wegener's granulomatosis. The patients
      with a severe systemic vasculitis, and renal involvement had a poor outcome while
      predominant respiratory disease had a good prognosis.

PMID- 3861167
TI  - Initial experience with physiological pacing.
AB  - Fifty patients, aged 23 to 88 years, with permanent rate-responsive dual chamber
      pacemakers were studied prospectively for 14.1 +/- 11.4 (S.D.) months after
      implantation to assess the benefits and complications associated with this
      technique. In 12 patients the device replaced a ventricular demand pacemaker.
      Minor complications associated with implantation occurred in one case. Atrial
      leads required repositioning because of increase in threshold and/or problems of
      sensing in five cases and ventricular leads in five. There were two patients with
      symptomatic pacemaker-related arrhythmias necessitating reprogramming; one
      patient with pacemaker-mediated tachycardia and one with pacemaker
      autoinhibition. Seven patients have died; one suddenly and possibly related to a
      pacemaker-triggered arrhythmia. Of 43 living patients, five are now programmed to
      the ventricular demand mode; two with atrial fibrillation, one with failed atrial
      lead repositioning, one with persistent sinus tachycardia, and one because of
      angina pectoris. Thirty-six of the 43 living patients are asymptomatic and a
      further six are symptomatically improved. All 12 patients changed from
      ventricular demand pacing have less symptoms. Rate-responsive dual chamber pacing
      is safe and appears to improve symptoms in most cases. Complications are
      infrequent and usually easily overcome. This mode of pacing should be considered
      in all patients with normal sinoatrial function in whom a permanent pacemaker is
      indicated.

PMID- 3861168
TI  - Optic nerve involvement in Graves' ophthalmopathy: a case report and review.
AB  - Optic neuropathy in Graves' disease is an uncommon, but potentially treatable
      cause of disabling visual loss. Optic nerve damage is probably secondary to
      compression by swollen extraocular muscles at the apex of the orbit. The visual
      loss is usually bilateral and insidiously progressive, although accelerated
      visual loss, fluctuations in vision, and features mimicking orbital cellulitis
      may occur. Ocular congestive symptoms and proptosis have no direct relationship
      to the severity of visual loss. Early diagnosis is facilitated by orbital CT
      scanning. Oral corticosteroids and radiotherapy, alone or in combination, are the
      primary modalities of medical treatment. Surgical decompression of the orbit can
      be used where medical approaches have failed.

PMID- 3861170
TI  - AIDS and hemophilia.

PMID- 3861169
TI  - Paraparesis with hemoglobin E-beta thalassemia.

PMID- 3861171
TI  - Subacute pulmonary hypertension due to carcinomatous microembolism.

PMID- 3861172
TI  - Time to treat cholesterol seriously.

PMID- 3861173
TI  - Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with Campylobacter infection.

PMID- 3861174
TI  - Iron overload associated with congenital pyruvate kinase deficiency and high dose
      ascorbic acid ingestion.

PMID- 3861175
TI  - Indomethacin therapy to control debilitating fever of unknown origin.

PMID- 3861176
TI  - Cholestyramine induced hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.

PMID- 3861177
TI  - Fine needle marrow aspiration.

PMID- 3861178
TI  - Is the stomach a useful forensic clock?

PMID- 3861179
TI  - Presence of nucleosomal repeat in the transcribed alpha globin gene of induced
      murine erythroleukemia cells.
AB  - The sensitivity of the mouse alpha-globin gene to micrococcal nuclease and its
      nucleosomal repeat were studied in three different functional states of the gene:
      inactive in EAT cells, potentially active in uninduced MEL cells and active in
      induced MEL cells. The results show that: 1. The nuclease sensitivity of the gene
      differs in the three different functional states. 2. Both the coding and the 5'
      flanking regions of the induced actively transcribed gene show a typical
      nucleosomal repeat pattern. 3. Hypersensitive sites for micrococcal nuclease and
      for an endogenous nuclease appear upstream of the gene after induction of
      differentiation.

PMID- 3861180
TI  - Recombinant human interferon sensitizes resistant myeloid leukemic cells to
      induction of terminal differentiation.
AB  - Recombinant human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha A) inhibits growth of the human
      promyelocytic leukemic cell line HL-60 without inducing these cells to
      differentiate terminally. When IFN-alpha A is combined with agents capable of
      inducing differentiation in HL-60 cells, such as 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13
      acetate (TPA), cis or trans retinoic acid (RA) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO),
      growth suppression and induction of differentiation are dramatically increased.
      By growing HL-60 cells in increasing concentrations of TPA, RA, or DMSO, a series
      of sublines have been developed which are resistant to the usual growth
      inhibition and induction of differentiation seen when wild type HL-60 cells are
      exposed to these agents. Treatment of these resistant HL-60 cells with the
      combination of IFN-alpha A and the appropriate inducer results, however, in a
      synergistic suppression in cell growth and a concomitant induction of terminal
      differentiation. The ability of interferon to interact synergistically with
      agents which promote leukemic cell maturation may represents a novel means of
      reducing resistant leukemic cell populations.

PMID- 3861181
TI  - Selective effects of gold (III) on parathyroid hormone-, prostaglandin E2- and
      guanine nucleotide-sensitive adenylate cyclase.
AB  - Gold(III) (Au(III)) up to 0.25 microM increased parathyroid hormone- and
      prostaglandin E2-sensitive chick osteoblast adenylate cyclase activity without
      affecting 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate-stimulated enzyme activity. Au(III) at 5-50
      microM inhibited hormone- and nucleotide-mediated activation of adenylate
      cyclase. Basal adenylate cyclase activity was not influenced by Au(III) in the
      given concentrations. Treatment of membranes with 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate
      prior to incubation with Au(III) prevented the inhibitory effect of Au(III) on
      adenylate cyclase. Our data suggest that Au(III) alters the response of adenylate
      cyclase to agonists most likely through interaction with specific sulfhydryl
      groups associated with the enzyme system.

PMID- 3861182
TI  - 1-Aminooxy-3-aminopropane, a new and potent inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis
      that inhibits ornithine decarboxylase, adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and
      spermidine synthase.
AB  - 1-Aminooxy-3-aminopropane was shown to be a potent competitive inhibitor (Ki =
      3.2 nM) of homogenous mouse kidney ornithine decarboxylase, a potent irreversible
      inhibitor (Ki = 50 microM) of homogeneous liver adenosylmethionine decarboxylase
      and a potent competitive (Ki = 2.3 microM) of homogeneous bovine brain spermidine
      synthase. It did not inhibit homogeneous bovine brain spermine synthase and it
      did not serve as a substrate for spermidine synthase. The compound did not
      inhibit tyrosine aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase or aspartate
      aminotransferase, which are pyridoxal phosphate-containing enzymes like ornithine
      decarboxylase. The inactivation of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase was partially
      prevented by pyruvate, which is the coenzyme of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase,
      and by the substrate, adenosylmethionine. 1-Aminooxy-3-aminopropane at 0.5 mM
      concentration inhibited the growth of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells and this
      inhibition was prevented by spermidine but not by putrescine.

PMID- 3861183
TI  - Partial purification and initial characterization of a novel differentiation
      factor for mouse myeloid leukemia cells.
AB  - We found cells spontaneously differentiated from mouse myeloid leukemia M1 cells
      were producing a strong differentiation factor in culture medium and established
      a method to prepare a large quantity of conditioned medium containing the
      differentiation factor. The factor purified over 4,000-fold from the conditioned
      medium showed a single peak due to a peptide on a TSK 3000PW column which was
      coincident with differentiation activity. The molecular weight of the factor
      estimated by high-performance gel filtration chromatography was 1,300, which is
      remarkably lower than the values reported for protein differentiation factors
      reported thus far. M1 cells were induced to differentiate into macrophage-like
      cells by the factor.

PMID- 3861184
TI  - Changes in the serum lipoprotein pattern induced by two low-fat diets with a
      different vegetable content in hypercholesterolemic patients.
AB  - Thirty-two hypercholesterolemic outpatients were treated by a conventional low
      fat diet (carbohydrate 56%; fat 25%; vegetable proteins 7%; animal proteins 12%
      of energy; P/S ratio 1.0). After 1 month T-C decreased by 11%, VLDL-C by 32%, LDL
      C by 8%, HDLt-C by 10% and HDL2-C by 11%. Thirty-two comparable patients were
      treated by a different low-fat diet which provided 69% of energy as carbohydrate,
      19% as fat, 7% as vegetable proteins and 5% as animal proteins; P/S ratio was
      1.3. After 1 month T-C decreased by 9% and LDL-C by 12%. VLDL-C, HDL2-C and HDL3
      C did not change significantly. A cross-over study on 24 patients confirmed that
      both diets have lowering effects on T-C and LDL-C levels, but only the
      conventional low-fat diet decreases VLDL-C and HDL2-C.

PMID- 3861185
TI  - [Genetic study of properdin factor B in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3861186
TI  - The boiling of instruments in general dental practice: a misnomer for
      sterilisation.

PMID- 3861187
TI  - A comparison of fibre-optic transillumination with bitewing radiographs.

PMID- 3861188
TI  - Inner city Britain: a challenge for the dental profession. A review of dental and
      related deprivation in inner city Newcastle upon Tyne.

PMID- 3861189
TI  - Ivor Whitehead memorial lecture. The professions in the dock: a clinical study.

PMID- 3861190
TI  - 'Medical or physical management of facial muscle and joint pain'.

PMID- 3861191
TI  - 'Six-monthly examinations for dental caries'.

PMID- 3861192
TI  - Forensic odontology.

PMID- 3861193
TI  - Acute myeloid leukaemia after treatment with razoxane.
AB  - Two new cases of acute myeloid leukaemia occurring after razoxane therapy are
      recorded and further haematological and cytogenetic details of two cases
      previously reported are described. The need for long-term follow-up after
      patients discontinue razoxane therapy is emphasized.

PMID- 3861194
TI  - Suppression of clonal evolution in two chronic myelogenous leukaemia patients
      treated with leucocyte interferon.
AB  - Two patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph1+) chronic myelogenous
      leukaemia (CML) were treated with human leucocyte interferon (HuIFN-alpha).
      Karyotypic changes in addition to the Ph1 chromosome developed in these patients
      before the start of HuIFN-alpha treatment. In one patient the administration of
      HuIFN-alpha resulted in clinical haematological remission and stable suppression
      of the secondary Ph1 clone. The second patient was in myeloid blastic crisis when
      given HuIFN-alpha. While she was receiving HuIFN-alpha, suppression of the blast
      cell population in the bone marrow occurred. The subsequent cytogenetic changes
      included a near-complete suppression of a secondary Ph 1 clone of cells carrying
      a deletion in the short arm of chromosome 7 and partial population of the bone
      marrow with primary Ph1 clone. These observations suggest a potential role for
      interferons in altering the progressive course of CML.

PMID- 3861195
TI  - DNA and RNA determination in 111 cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
      (ALL) by flow cytometry: correlation of FAB classification with DNA stemline and
      proliferation.
AB  - Flow cytometry with acridine orange was used in 111 cases of childhood acute
      lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) to determine simultaneously DNA index, cell cycle
      distribution and cellular RNA content in bone marrow samples. The overall
      incidence of DNA aneuploidy in the population was 40%. Significantly higher
      incidence of DNA aneuploidy was present in the L2 (70.6%) as compared to the L1
      (34.1%) group (P = 0.007), using the FAB classification. No difference in the
      frequency of normal and abnormal DNA stemlines was found between newly diagnosed
      and relapsed patients. The L2 group had significantly higher proliferation (S
      phase = 12.4%) than L1 (S phase = 5.8%) (P = 0.01), but RNA content was not
      significantly different. The aneuploid group had significantly more (P = 0.01)
      cases with L2 morphology (28.6%) compared to the diploid group (8%) and
      proliferation was higher in DNA aneuploid (S-phase = 9.5%) compared to DNA
      diploid (S-phase = 4.7%) leukaemias. Likewise, RNA content was significantly
      higher in aneuploid than in diploid ALL (P = 0.006). These correlations between
      morphology, cell kinetics and DNA index elucidate biological properties of
      leukaemic cells with potentially prognostic value.

PMID- 3861196
TI  - Treatment of CML blast crisis with low dose ARA-C.

PMID- 3861197
TI  - Differential binding of the fluorescent probe 8-anilinonaphthalene-2-sulfonic
      acid to rhodanese catalytic intermediates.
AB  - Studies have been performed to quantitate the binding of the fluorescent probe 8
      anilinonaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid (2,8-ANS) to catalytic intermediates of the
      enzyme rhodanese: the sulfur-substituted form (ES) and the sulfur-free form (E).
      The molecular 2,8-ANS has not been extensively used for protein studies, and some
      characterization is presented to demonstrate its usefulness as a probe for apolar
      binding sites. The molecule 2,8-ANS binds to at least two classes of sites on
      rhodanese. One class (class 1) is present in the ES form and has a Kd of 1.7 mM.
      The E form of rhodanese appears to have a second class of sites (class 2) in
      addition to the class 1 sites. Two independent fluorometric methods of analyzing
      the class 2 binding of 2,8-ANS to the E form gave an average value for Kd
      congruent to 179 microM. These fluorometric titrations, together with a Job plot,
      clearly indicate that 2,8-ANS binds to more than one site on the E form of
      rhodanese. The apparent apolarity is slightly higher for class 2 sites than for
      the class 1 sites, but both give Z factors of greater than 85. The substrate
      thiosulfate is able to displace the probe that is bound to the class 2 sites on
      the E form of the enzyme. Further, 2,8-ANS is found to be a competitive inhibitor
      of the catalyzed reaction with an apparent Kd of 170 microM. Circular dichroism
      measurements detect no significant changes in the average conformation of
      rhodanese that can be ascribed to the presence of 2,8-ANS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3861198
TI  - Characterization of delta 4-3-ketosteroid-5 beta-reductase and 3 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in cell extracts of Clostridium innocuum.
AB  - Cell extracts prepared anaerobically from Clostridium innocuum and Clostridium
      paraputrificum reduced delta 4-3-ketosteroids to 3 beta 5 beta and 3 alpha 5 beta
      derivatives, respectively. delta 4-3-Ketosteroid-5 beta-reductase (5 beta
      reductase) from both organisms required NADH for activity. 5 beta-Reductase from
      C. innocuum had a pH optimum of 5.0. The substrate concentration at half-maximal
      reaction velocity was 4.2 microM, and a specific activity of 17 nmol product
      formed/h per mg protein was determined using 4-pregnen-3,20-dione (progesterone)
      as a substrate. delta 4-3-Ketosteroid-5 beta-reductase from C. innocuum reduced
      progesterone and testosterone, but not 4-cholesten-3-one, to corresponding 3-keto
      5 beta derivatives. A relative molecular (Mr) weight of 80 000 was estimated for
      5 beta-reductase using HPLC-gel filtration chromatography. 3 beta-Hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase in cell extracts of C. innocuum was oxygen sensitive and required
      NADH for activity. An Mr of 80 000 was estimated for 3 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase. However, 5 beta-reductase and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      activities were separated using an HPLC-DEAE chromatography technique.

PMID- 3861199
TI  - Gamma-vinyl-GABA treatment of tardive dyskinesia and other movement disorders.
AB  - We conducted a single-blind trial of gamma-vinyl-GABA (GVG) in nine patients:
      seven with tardive dyskinesia, one with Meige syndrome, and one with Tourette
      syndrome. Five tardive dyskinesia patients completed the entire 11-week study
      and, as a group, demonstrated significant decreases in dyskinesia scores. Four of
      these five tardive dyskinesia patients showed clinically evident improvement,
      with approximately 30% reduction in dyskinetic symptoms. Other patients had no
      clinical benefit from GVG. Three patients had transient exacerbation of
      psychiatric symptoms after sudden withdrawal of GVG, and one patient experienced
      dose-related confusional episodes. Our results suggest that GABAergic drugs may
      have a role in treating patients with tardive dyskinesia.

PMID- 3861200
TI  - EEG-monitored sleep in anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
AB  - We compared the EEG-monitored sleep of 8 women with anorexia nervosa and 16
      normal weight women with bulimia to that of 14 normal women. The patients with
      anorexia nervosa spent less time asleep and spent less of their sleep time in
      Stage 1. The sleep of the normal weight patients with bulimia was remarkably
      similar to that of the controls. These data suggest that most patients with
      anorexia nervosa and bulimia do not exhibit the type of sleep disturbances
      characteristic of patients with major depressive illness.

PMID- 3861202
TI  - [Effect of different doses of water-soluble retinoic acid on the lipid and 3-beta
      ol steroid dehydrogenase concentration in the interstitial tissue and supporting
      cells of the testes of mice].
AB  - A study was made of the influence of various doses of water-soluble retinoic acid
      on the concentration of lipids and 3-beta-ol steroid dehydrogenase (SD) in the
      interstitial tissue (IT) and supporting cells (SC) of mouse testicles. Three
      groups of animals were injected with 1% retinoic acid i. p., with the doses
      injected being 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 ml respectively. After the termination of
      experiments the animals were sacrificed and the cryostat sections 9 micron thick
      were stained for lipids and 3-beta-ol in the testicles. It was found that water
      soluble retinoic acid is capable of exerting an essential influence on the
      steroid-producing system of the testicles. At the same time retinoic acid
      injected in the doses 0.1 and 0.2 ml causes an elevation of the content of lipids
      and 3-beta-ol SD in the IT and SC of the testes producing Leydig's cells that
      furnish the internal secretion of the testicle. Injection of 0.3 ml retinoic acid
      brings about a decrease in the concentration of 3-beta-ol SD in the IT and SC as
      compared with the dose 0.2 ml. However, in the IT the activity of the enzyme
      remains higher than in control, whereas in the SC it falls below the control
      values. The lipid content in the IT and SC changes differently, namely it rises
      in Leydig's cells and diminishes in Sertoli's cells as compared with the effect
      of 0.3 ml acid. It may be suggested that injection of large doses of retinoic
      acid entails alterations primarily in the synthesis of sex steroids, whereas the
      storage of lipoid substances that serve as substrate remains at a high enough
      level.

PMID- 3861201
TI  - [Induction of lipid peroxidation in the erythrocytes during cholesterol oxidation
      catalysed by cholesterol oxidase].
AB  - Using the chemiluminescence technique to assay the activity of cholesterol
      oxidase it has been shown that enzymic oxidation of cholesterol to cholest-4-en-3
      one red cell membranes is accompanied by accumulation of lipid peroxidation
      products--malonyl dialdehyde (MDA). The amount of MDA formed was dependent on the
      amount of cholesterol oxidized. The free radical scavenger 4-methyl-2,6
      ditretbutylphenol, the transition metal chelator EDTA and catalase inhibited
      lipid peroxidation in red blood cells. The participation of OH radicals in the
      initiation of lipid peroxidation in red cell membranes in the course of
      cholesterol oxidation is discussed.

PMID- 3861203
TI  - Monoclonal antibody-mediated cytotoxicity of human myeloid leukemia cells: an in
      vitro model for estimating efficiency and optimal conditions for cytolysis.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to myeloid differentiation antigens have a
      potential use in purging bone marrow of leukemia cells in autologous bone marrow
      transplantation (ABMT) therapy for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Because the
      efficiency of purging by MoAb and complement (C) is important to the success of
      ABMT, we have designed an assay to determine optimal conditions for leukemia cell
      lysis. In order to mimic the conditions of remission bone marrow, normal buffy
      coat cells were mixed with cells from the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line
      at a concentration that approximated the normal-leukemia cell ratio found in
      remission marrow. The cell mixture was treated at variable times and temperatures
      in the presence of C and PM-81, an IgM MoAb that reacts with both normal
      granulocytes and monocytes as well as with HL-60 cells. PM-81 binds to the
      majority of cells from 90% of patients with AML yet does not react significantly
      with normal stem cell populations. Because of the potential use of PM-81 in ABMT,
      it seemed especially important to show that the antibody was capable of mediating
      cytotoxicity of HL-60 cells in the presence of an excess of antigen-positive
      cells. A clonogenic assay that permitted the growth of HL-60 cell colonies but
      not normal progenitor cells in methylcellulose cultures was used to measure the
      efficiency of HL-60 cell lysis. We found that under certain conditions, PM-81 was
      capable of removing the small percentage of HL-60 clonogenic cells admixed with
      normal buffy coat cells. This information was useful for determining the optimal
      conditions for purging bone marrow of leukemia cells for ABMT.

PMID- 3861204
TI  - Production of leukemic blast growth factor by a human bladder carcinoma cell
      line.
AB  - Circulating blast cells from the peripheral blood of acute myeloblastic leukemia
      patients include a subpopulation capable of colony formation in the presence of
      phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocyte-conditioned medium (PHA-LCM). We describe
      the complete replacement in the blast assay of PHA-LCM by conditioned medium from
      a human bladder carcinoma cell line, HTB9. Both conditioned media contain a
      stimulator of blast cell growth that elutes as a single peak from a Sephadex G100
      column with an apparent molecular weight of 30,000. It is shown that this
      leukemic blast growth factor is distinct from erythroid-potentiating activity
      (EPA) and possibly granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

PMID- 3861205
TI  - Reduction of urinary excretion of PGE2 and 6 keto PGF1 alpha by tiaprofenic acid.
AB  - Tiaprofenic acid (Surgam, Cassenne) was administered intravenously to saline
      diuretic conscious rats, at doses of 2, 10 and 25 mg kg-1 body weight.
      Tiaprofenic acid significantly reduced urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 6 keto
      PGF1 alpha excretion, at all three doses employed. The extent of the reduction
      was similar for both PGE2 and 6 keto PGF1 alpha output; hence no evidence of
      'selectivity' (i.e. sparing of PGI2 synthesis) was observed. Tiaprofenic acid was
      also administered to rats receiving an infusion of 5% dextrose. The dose employed
      (0.5 or 1 mg kg-1 body weight) was submaximal and elicited reductions in PGE2
      output to values still more than 60% of the control period values. In this group
      of animals, the percentage change in 6 keto PGF1 alpha excretion was again not
      significantly different from that of PGE2. The maximal extent of reduction in
      urinary PGE2 excretion with tiaprofenic acid (25 mg kg-1 body weight) was not
      significantly different from that elicited by indomethacin (10 mg kg-1 body
      weight), although the time course of the reduction was different.

PMID- 3861206
TI  - Inhibition of monoamine oxidase in 5-hydroxytryptaminergic neurones by
      substituted p-aminophenylalkylamines.
AB  - A series of substituted p-aminophenethylamines and some related compounds were
      examined with regards to the inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in vivo inside
      and outside 5-hydroxytryptaminergic neurones in the rat hypothalamus. This was
      recorded as the protection against the irreversible inhibition of MAO produced by
      phenelzine by determining the remaining deaminating activity in the absence and
      presence of citalopram using a low (0.1 microM) concentration of [14C]-5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) as substrate. Some of the phenethylamines were much more
      potent inside than outside the 5-hydroxytryptaminergic neurones. This neuronal
      selectivity was antagonized by pretreatment of the rats with norzimeldine, a 5-HT
      uptake inhibitor, which indicates that these compounds are accumulated in the 5
      HT nerve terminals by the 5-HT pump. Selectivity was obtained for compounds with
      dimethyl, monomethyl or unsubstituted p-amino groups. An isopropyl group appears
      to substitute for the dimethylamino group but with considerably lower potency.
      Compounds with 2-substitution showed selectivity for aminergic neurones and this
      effect decreased with increased size of the substituent. The 2,6-dichloro
      derivative FLA 365 had, however, no neuronal selective action but was a potent
      MAO inhibitor. Substitutions in the 3- and 5-positions decreased both potency and
      selectivity. Prolongation of the side chain with one methylene group abolished
      the preference for the MAO in 5-hydroxytryptaminergic neurones although the MAO
      inhibitory potency remained. The selectivity disappeared by increasing the alpha
      substituent to an ethyl group but remained for the alpha,alpha-dimethyl
      substituted derivatives. It is concluded that compounds which are (1) transported
      by the 5-HT pump and (2) potent reversible MAO-A inhibitors produce pronounced
      inhibition of MAO in 5-hydroxytryptaminergic neurones.

PMID- 3861208
TI  - The effect of mouse spinal cord transection on the antinociceptive response to
      the gamma-aminobutyric acid agonists THIP (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo [5,4
      c]pyridine-3-ol) and baclofen.
AB  - The antinociceptive responses to the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonists
      THIP (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-3-ol) and baclofen were examined
      in spinally transected mice to define the central nervous system site of action
      for these drugs. Nociception was assessed using a tail-immersion assay. The
      results indicated that spinal transection (T6-T10) completely abolished the
      antinociceptive responses to THIP and baclofen, attenuated those to oxotremorine
      and morphine, but did not reduce the response to clonidine. The results suggest
      that the antinociceptive responses to THIP and baclofen are mediated by an action
      at supraspinal sites rostral to T6.

PMID- 3861207
TI  - Perfusion of vasopressin within the rat brain suppresses prostaglandin E
      hyperthermia.
AB  - These experiments were undertaken to determine whether arginine vasopressin (AVP)
      could suppress a prostaglandin hyperthermia and to localize sites of these
      actions in the rat. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) sensitive sites were localized in the
      ventral-septal area by microinjecting 200 ng/0.5 microliter of prostaglandin E2.
      During perfusion with an artificial CSF, PGE2 injected into the lateral cerebral
      ventricle evoked a hyperthermia of more than 1 degree C. Perfusion of 6.5
      micrograms/ml of AVP markedly attenuated the PGE2-induced hyperthermia. These
      results suggest that AVP suppresses PGE2-induced hyperthermia in sites in which
      PGE2 evokes an increase in core temperature.

PMID- 3861209
TI  - Patterns of hyperphagia in the Zucker obese rat: a role for fat cell size and
      number?
AB  - The hypothesis that adipocyte size and number influence feeding behavior, via as
      yet unidentified signals to the CNS, is reviewed. The proposal is made that, due
      to several metabolic alterations which favor lipid deposition, the genetically
      obese Zucker rat (fafa) may be an appropriate model in which to study feeding
      adipose tissue relationships. Data from several studies are presented
      demonstrating that the developing male Zucker fatty rat displays hyperphagia
      during the growth period which reaches a peak, or "break point," and then
      declines such that intake of fatty and lean rats becomes comparable at
      approximately 20 weeks of age. Beyond week 20, cycles of hyperphagia of several
      weeks' duration can be detected in fatty rats. The above feeding changes are
      related to data showing that on a laboratory chow-type diet, adipocytes approach
      maximal size at 15-16 weeks in the fatty rat, while accelerated proliferation of
      adipocytes takes place following week 20. During growth, responding for food in
      an operant task by fatty rats varies in accord with the pattern of hyperphagia.
      Further studies in the fatty rat show that the duration and magnitude of
      developmental hyperphagia can be altered by manipulating the caloric density and
      macronutrient content of the diet, with fat containing diets leading to the
      earliest break point of developmental hyperphagia. Some theoretical problems with
      the notion of adipose tissue feedback control of feeding behavior are discussed.

PMID- 3861211
TI  - Dental health education: a school visits programme for dental students. Part 1.
      The school visits project.

PMID- 3861210
TI  - Caries prediction and its evaluation in 13 to 15 year-old schoolchildren.

PMID- 3861212
TI  - Changes in dental caries prevalence in Edinburgh children over three decades.

PMID- 3861213
TI  - Dental health education: a school visits programme for dental students. Part 2.
      Influence on dental students.

PMID- 3861215
TI  - Education for wellness.

PMID- 3861214
TI  - Utilization of oral health services among edentulous Finnish adults: an
      epidemiological and econometric analysis.

PMID- 3861217
TI  - The Strathclyde fluoridation case.

PMID- 3861216
TI  - Sugar based medicines and dental disease.

PMID- 3861218
TI  - [Occlusal anomalies and electromyographic silent period in healthy subjects].

PMID- 3861220
TI  - Occlusion: the posterior composite with strength and durability.

PMID- 3861219
TI  - [Electronic pantography. Clinical values--diagnostic values].

PMID- 3861221
TI  - The professional liability insurance crisis.

PMID- 3861222
TI  - Consider exam-only first appointments.

PMID- 3861224
TI  - Cruise ship dentistry.

PMID- 3861223
TI  - Dental care program for infants.

PMID- 3861225
TI  - The Code of Ethics for Ontario dental hygienists: two case studies.

PMID- 3861226
TI  - Synthetic retinoids in dermatology.

PMID- 3861227
TI  - Case report of vasopressin-responsive diabetes insipidus associated with chronic
      myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - A sixth case in the world literature is reported of a 59-year-old male with
      diabetes insipidus (DI) associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The
      patient is unique in that his CML was diagnosed 10 years before he presented with
      vasopressin-responsive DI. Radiation to the central nervous system failed to
      reduce the daily requirement of his need for vasopressin.

PMID- 3861228
TI  - Histologic evaluation of necrosis in osteosarcoma induced by chemotherapy.
      Regional mapping of viable and nonviable tumor.
AB  - The predominant sites of viable and nonviable tumor were determined in the
      primary lesions of 50 patients with osteosarcoma after initial treatment with
      preoperative chemotherapy. The degree of tumor destruction was classified as
      good, fair, and poor and a map of the sites revealing viable and nonviable tumor
      was constructed. The study revealed several preferential sites where viable tumor
      was likely to persist: soft tissues, cortex, subcortex, ligaments, and areas in
      contact with cartilage (growth plate and/or articular cartilage). Localized areas
      of hemorrhage and necrosis, designated "lacunae," were noted within the tumor.
      They were frequently surrounded by bundles of viable tumor and appeared to
      correlate with open surgical biopsies. Factors responsible for this phenomenon
      and the persistence of viable tumor are discussed. The findings have important
      implications in the design of surgical treatment and in the use of needle
      biopsies to determine the effects of preoperative treatment.

PMID- 3861229
TI  - Bone marrow necrosis in children with malignant disease.
AB  - The authors reviewed the case records of 1419 children with acute leukemia and
      other types of malignant disease involving the bone marrow to define the clinical
      and laboratory features associated with marrow necrosis as well as the prognostic
      significance of this complication. Only seven patients were found to have this
      abnormality: four with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), one
      with relapsed ALL, and two with disseminated neuroblastoma. All patients
      presented with severe bone pain, bone tenderness, and fever. Levels of serum
      lactic dehydrogenase were uniformly increased, being especially high in patients
      with ALL. There was no evidence of severe infection or disseminated intravascular
      coagulation, complications that have been causally related to marrow necrosis.
      Four of the five children with ALL remain in complete remission for 10+ to 48+
      months. Both patients with neuroblastoma are off therapy, in remission, for 9+ to
      15+ months. In contrast to earlier reports, bone marrow necrosis does not appear
      to confer a poor prognosis in children with malignancy.

PMID- 3861230
TI  - Monocytic leukemia in infancy. A review of eight children.
AB  - The clinical and pathologic features of eight infants with monocytic leukemia are
      reviewed. The children were all aged 12 months or less at diagnosis and had a
      high incidence of extramedullary features, skin infiltration being particularly
      common. The diagnosis was established by conventional morphologic and
      cytochemical techniques. Using the French-American-British (FAB) classification,
      five infants had FAB 5a disease, and three had FAB 5b. The difficulties in making
      the diagnosis from extramedullary sites and the overlap that exists at this age
      between monocytic leukemia, true histiocytic lymphoma, and malignant
      histiocytosis are discussed. The treatments given to the group and their response
      are reviewed. Five of the patients received VP-16-213 and cyclophosphamide as
      primary induction chemotherapy, a combination that merits further evaluation in
      leukemia with monocytic features.

PMID- 3861231
TI  - Preservation of cytometric DNA distribution and epithelial marker expression
      after tumor progression of human large bowel carcinomas.
AB  - Tumor specimens were obtained from seven patients with large bowel carcinomas at
      operation of the primary neoplasm and by resection of local recurrences or
      metastases 2 1/2 to 36 months later. All specimens were evaluated with regard to
      nuclear DNA distribution as measured by flow cytometry and expression of
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), secretory component, epithelial IgA, and HLA-DR
      antigens, as determined by immunofluorescence staining of tissue sections. Both
      the DNA distributions and the immunohistochemical staining patterns were similar
      in the primary and secondary tumors. These findings are in keeping with a
      monoclonal or oligoclonal tumor progression in advanced large bowel carcinoma.

PMID- 3861232
TI  - Clinical significance of bone morphogenetic activity in osteosarcoma. A study of
      20 cases.
AB  - Bone morphogenetic activity of osteosarcomas from 20 patients was assayed. The
      activity was demonstrated as ectopic bone formation on implantation of a
      lyophilized fraction of the tumor into athymic nude mice in 8 of 20 cases.
      Osteosarcomas producing bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) differed in clinical
      features from those not producing BMP. They were characterized radiologically by
      perpendicular spicules, histologically by osteoblastic type cells, and clinically
      by an increased serum alkaline phosphatase level, relative resistance to
      preoperative chemotherapy with Adriamycin (doxorubicin) plus high-dose
      methotrexate, and a tendency to metastasize to other bones and the lungs.

PMID- 3861233
TI  - Treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia in adults with N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine.
AB  - Forty-five previously-untreated adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia
      (AML) were treated with N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine (BHAC) in
      a multi-institutional cooperative study. Among 41 evaluable patients, 15 (36.6%)
      achieved complete remission (CR) and 10 (24.4%) achieved partial remission by
      daily administration of 3 to 8 mg/kg of BHAC. Higher daily doses (5 mg/kg or
      more) produced higher CR rates, and all of the CR were observed among the
      patients receiving a total BHAC dosage of 50 mg/kg or more in a period of 10 days
      or more. The side effects were mild and acceptable: nausea-anorexia was observed
      in 27% of the patients and vomiting in 17%. The results of this study thus
      indicate BHAC to be effective for remission induction of AML, and to deserve
      further clinical trials in combination with other anti-leukemic drugs.

PMID- 3861234
TI  - Rearrangement and possible amplification of the ribosomal RNA gene sites in the
      human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K562.
AB  - We have studied the location of the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in the
      human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562. In man, the NORs are normally
      found on the short arms of the acrocentric chromosomes. We show that in the K562
      line, the NORs are substantially rearranged with both insertional and terminal
      NORs. In addition, the putative t(15;17) marker chromosome had three insertional
      NORs that may have arisen through gene amplification.

PMID- 3861235
TI  - The significance of cytogenetic findings of erythroid colonies derived from a Ph+
      ALL patient: fundamental differences between Ph+ ALL and blastic phase CML.
AB  - Cytogenetic analysis was performed on colonies from erythroid burst-forming units
      (BFU-E) derived from bone marrow (BM) cells of a Ph-positive acute lymphocytic
      leukemia (Ph+ ALL) patient. A normal diploid karyotype was revealed in all 15
      metaphases that could be analyzed in the erythroid colonies. Previous cytogenetic
      analyses of erythroid colonies obtained from BM cells of patients with Ph+
      chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) revealed that Ph-positive karyotypes were
      predominant in all 11 cases. Two of them were also examined in blastic phase (BP)
      and showed 100% Ph+ cells in BFU-E-derived colonies. The present findings suggest
      that the leukemic process of Ph+ ALL does not involve the erythroid series, which
      is in contrast to the involvement in CML. This is considered to be a fundamental
      difference between Ph+ ALL and the blastic phase of CML (BP CML). Clinically,
      cytogenetic analysis of erythroid colonies from BM cells may constitute a
      valuable approach for the differential diagnosis between Ph+ ALL and the BP of
      Ph+ CML.

PMID- 3861236
TI  - Karyotypic evolution in Ph-positive chronic myeloid leukemia in relation to
      management and disease progression.
AB  - In a prospective study of 32 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia the frequency
      of chromosome abnormalities in addition to the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)
      increased when the disease progressed. Before metamorphosis, 10 patients (31%)
      had developed additional abnormalities. Such abnormalities were present in three
      of them at the time of diagnosis; in the other seven, they were detected late in
      the chronic phase. New clonal abnormalities heralded or accompanied a more
      malignant phase of the disorder, usually a blastic leukemia. During
      metamorphosis, 78% of the patients had additional abnormalities, which in 68% of
      these cases comprised at least one of +8, +22q- or i(17q). Clones with additional
      abnormalities disappeared in eight cases, either spontaneously or in association
      with cytostatic therapy during the chronic or blastic phase. Involvement of
      chromosome #8, usually in the form of a trisomy, was found in 7 of 12 patients
      treated with busulfan, but was not found in any of the 10 hydroxyurea-treated
      patients, of whom 8 were splenectomized early during the chronic phase. Cells
      from the spleen, obtained by fine needle aspiration or splenectomy were
      cytogenetically examined in 18 cases during the chronic phase, but abnormalities
      in addition to the Ph were noted in only one patient, who was examined in the
      late chronic phase. The same abnormalities were present in bone marrow cells of
      this patient.

PMID- 3861237
TI  - Characterization of a differentiation-inhibitory activity from nondifferentiating
      mouse myeloid leukemia cells.
AB  - Mouse myeloid leukemic M1 cells are induced to differentiate by various
      differentiation inducers. Activity for inhibition of induction of differentiation
      of M1 cells (I-activity) has been found in conditioned medium of variant M1 cell
      clones resistant to differentiation inducers, and this I-activity has been shown
      to be closely associated with resistance of the cells to differentiation
      inducers. In this work, the I-activity in the conditioned medium of the resistant
      M1 cells was shown to bind to Carboxymethyl-Sepharose CL-6B and to be eluted with
      0.27-0.4 M NaCl. The profile of gel filtration of I-activity from Sephadex G-200
      indicated considerable heterogeneity in molecules with I-activity; the apparent
      molecular range of the main I-activity was 60,000-80,000. On chromatofocusing,
      the I-activity was eluted with Polybuffer 96-acetic acid at pH 8.8-9.0. The I
      activity was inactivated by treatment with trypsin or by heating at 75 degrees C
      for 30 min. Therefore, the main I-activity seemed to be due to a basic
      protein(s).

PMID- 3861238
TI  - Effects of verapamil on etoposide, vincristine, and adriamycin activity in normal
      human bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitors and in human K562 leukemia
      cells in vitro.
AB  - We have examined the effects of verapamil on the cytotoxicity of etoposide,
      vincristine, and Adriamycin in human leukemia K562 cells as well as in normal
      human bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM). Etoposide was 10
      fold more potent against K562 cells than against normal human bone marrow CFU-GM.
      Similarly, vincristine cytotoxicity was about 10-fold greater against K562 cells
      than against human bone marrow CFU-GM. In contrast, Adriamycin exhibited little
      selectivity for K562 cells versus normal bone marrow CFU-GM during the 1-h
      incubation period of the experiments. In the presence of verapamil (2.5-10
      microM), etoposide cytotoxicity was enhanced in both malignant and normal cells.
      Verapamil enhanced vincristine (0.1 microM) cytotoxicity in K562 cells but did
      not potentiate Vinca alkaloid toxicity in normal bone marrow CFU-GM. Adriamycin,
      on the other hand, did not display any calcium antagonist-mediated potentiation
      of cytotoxicity in either malignant or normal tissue. These results indicate that
      short-term (1 h) incubations with etoposide, vincristine, and Adriamycin yield
      different profiles of toxicities whether used alone or with chemosensitizing
      agents such as the calcium antagonists. These differences in activities are
      consistent with different mechanisms for intracellular disposition of these three
      classes of anticancer agents and are worthy of further investigation, especially
      with regard to combinations with calcium antagonists.

PMID- 3861239
TI  - Sex differences in indomethacin-sensitive 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of
      rat liver cytosol.
AB  - The 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)
      oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.50) of rat liver cytosol is indistinguishable from trans
      1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.20) (T.M. Penning, I.
      Mukharji, S. Barrows, and P. Talalay, Biochem. J., 222: 601-611, 1984) and has
      been implicated in the detoxification of ultimate carcinogens (H. R. Glatt et
      al., Science (Wash. DC), 215: 1507-1509, 1982). Using trans-1,2-dihydroxy-3,5
      cyclohexadiene as a model substrate for trans-dihydrodiol proximate carcinogens,
      this study shows that the specific activity of 3 alpha
      hydroxysteroid:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) oxidoreductase is 2
      fold higher in the 40-75% ammonium sulfate fraction prepared from female rat
      liver cytosol than in similar fractions prepared from males. Comparable
      differences were also observed for the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      dependent oxidation of 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha-ol-17-one. Chromatofocusing of
      these cytosolic fractions separated the bulk of the protein from the
      dehydrogenase, which eluted as a single peak at pH 5.4. Examination of the
      protein profiles indicates that twice as much protein coeluted with the enzyme
      from female rat liver cytosol, suggesting that induction is responsible for the
      sex difference in enzyme activity. These differences were abolished by
      ovariectomy, while administration of a single dose of estradiol 3-sulfate (100
      micrograms) to ovariectomized rats restored enzyme activity to within 90% of
      normal female levels. These findings suggest that ovarian estrogen is a natural
      inducer of rat liver 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      (phosphate) oxidase reductase/trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase.

PMID- 3861240
TI  - Specific protein phosphorylation in human promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cells
      susceptible or resistant to induction of cell differentiation by phorbol-12
      myristate-13-acetate.
AB  - The pattern of protein phosphorylation induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate
      (PMA) was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in human HL-60 leukemia
      cells, which are susceptible to induction of cell differentiation by PMA, and in
      cells from an HL-60 cell variant designated R-94 that are resistant to such an
      induction. Protein phosphorylation was detected by observing either a rapid acid
      directed charge shift of [35S]methionine-labeled protein or an increase in the
      amount of phosphate label in a 32P-labeled protein. The results indicated that
      PMA at 10(-7) M causes within 30 min after treatment the phosphorylation of at
      least ten different proteins in both the HL-60 and R-94 cells. Among these ten
      phosphorylated proteins, we identified a major cytoplasmic polypeptide (Mr
      approximately 64,000), a cytoskeletal protein (Mr approximately 56,000), a
      nonmuscle myosin light chain, and two proteins (Mr approximately 60,000 and
      64,000) localized in or around the cell nucleus. Phosphoamino acid analysis of
      six of the ten phosphoproteins showed that they contain phosphoserine. None of
      these proteins contained phosphotyrosine or phosphothreonine. The R-94 cell
      variant was found to be capable of increased protein phosphorylation after PMA
      treatment; however, the level of phosphate incorporation reached only the level
      of the untreated HL-60 cells and thus fell far short of the level observed in the
      HL-60 cells after PMA treatment. It is suggested that the basis for the acquired
      resistance in R-94 cells towards induction of cell differentiation by PMA is a
      block in signal transmission involving phosphorylation of nuclear protein(s)
      following the binding of the inducer PMA to its receptor (protein kinase C).

PMID- 3861241
TI  - Characterization of a human ovarian adenocarcinoma line, IGROV1, in tissue
      culture and in nude mice.
AB  - A cell line, IGROV1, originating from an ovarian carcinoma of a 47-year-old woman
      was established in tissue culture and in nude mice. Maintained in monolayer
      cultures, IGROV1 cells exhibited a 20-h doubling time and highly tumorigenic
      properties. The s.c. injection of 2 X 10(6) cultured cells into nude mice gave
      rise to fast growing tumors, while the i.p. route induced a peritoneal
      carcinomatosis with ascites which killed the animals in 2 months. The epithelial
      morphology of IGROV1 cells was retained during in vitro and in vivo passages, as
      judged by both the light and the electron microscopes. Two cytogenetic markers
      characterize IGROV1 cells: a paracentric inversion of chromosome 3, and a
      translocation between chromosomes 2 and 5. The constitutional karyotype of the
      patient was normal. These characteristics make the IGROV1 cell line a suitable
      experimental model for the treatment of human ovarian carcinomas and for
      biological studies of human solid tumors.

PMID- 3861242
TI  - Chromatin structure of the c-myc gene in HL-60 cells during alterations of
      transcriptional activity.
AB  - HL-60 cells have an elevated level of cellular myc RNA due to an amplified c-myc
      gene. Subsequent to chemically induced differentiation of HL-60 cells, both
      cellular myc RNA levels (Grosso, L. E., and Pitot, H. C., Biochem. Biophys. Res.
      Commun., 119: 473, 1984) and myc-specific transcription decrease (Grosso, L. E.,
      and Pitot, H. C., Cancer Res., 45: 847-850, 1985). We have compared the primary
      DNA structure, DNA methylation, and S1 nuclease sensitivity of the myc
      protooncogene in HL-60 cells before and after chemically induced differentiation.
      We find no change in the structure or methylation of the c-myc gene. The
      protooncogene is hypomethylated at CCGG sequences in the 5' region but is
      extensively methylated at sites detected by sequences homologous to the 3' exon
      or 3' flanking sequences. Four S1 nuclease-sensitive sites are detected prior to
      differentiation. After the induction of either myeloid or monocytic
      differentiation, three of the S1 nuclease-sensitive sites are present. The
      presence of the fourth S1 nuclease-sensitive site correlates with the
      transcriptional activity of this gene.

PMID- 3861243
TI  - Distribution and content of nuclear and cellular RNA among cell populations of
      acute lymphoblastic and nonlymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - The RNA content of intact cells and isolated nuclei of normal human lymphocytes
      and mononuclear cell populations (containing at least 50% blasts) from patients
      with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia
      (ANLL) was measured by flow cytometry based on metachromatic red luminescence of
      acridine orange-stained cells. Relative nuclear RNA (n-RNA) and cellular RNA (c
      RNA) content was estimated in relation to luminescence of RNase-treated nuclei,
      which served as a standard. The mean values (+/- SE) of n-RNA were 22.6 +/- 3.2,
      25.8 +/- 3.2, and 51.5 +/- 6.1 arbitrary units for normal lymphocytes, ALL, and
      ANLL cell populations, respectively. The mean values for c-RNA were 51.3 +/- 5.2,
      71.9 +/- 11.3, and 128 +/- 13.4 for the same cell populations, respectively. The
      differences between normal lymphocytes or ALL and ANLL cell populations were
      statistically significant (t-test, with respect to both n- and c-RNA), while
      differences between normal and ALL populations were not. The proportions of n-RNA
      versus c-RNA were similar within all three types of cell populations. The
      intercellular variabilities with respect to n- and c-RNA among the G0/1 cell
      populations of all three types of cells were characterized by the coefficient of
      variation (CV) of the mean RNA and the third moment about the mean (MOM3). CV and
      MOM3 of c-RNA were significantly different between all three types of cell
      populations, whereas CV and MOM3 of n-RNA showed significant differences between
      control and leukemic cells. Thus, mean RNA, CV, and MOM3 of RNA on the cellular
      and nuclear levels of G0/1 cells discriminate normal lymphocytes, ALL
      lymphoblasts, and ANLL blast cells from each other fully on statistically
      significant levels.

PMID- 3861244
TI  - Myeloid differentiation-inducing factors produced by pokeweed mitogen-treated
      normal G1/0 lymphocytes but not chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.
AB  - HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells undergo myeloid differentiation and G1/0
      specific growth arrest in response to an activity produced by pokeweed mitogen
      stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Elaboration of this myeloid
      differentiation inducing activity does not require lymphocytic proliferation or
      pokeweed mitogen induced B-lymphocyte differentiation. The activity is a product
      of initially stimulated G1/0 lymphocytes. It is not produced by proliferating
      lymphocytes. The activity is not elaborated by G1/0 peripheral blood lymphocytes
      of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, cells which are proliferatively
      refractory to pokeweed mitogen stimulation.

PMID- 3861245
TI  - Characterization of the growth inhibition induced by tumor-promoting phorbol
      esters and of their receptor binding in A549 human lung carcinoma cells.
AB  - Exposure of A549 human lung carcinoma cells to 10(-8) M 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol
      13-acetate (TPA) resulted in a change in cell morphology and caused the arrest of
      cell growth. After 4-5 days of exposure to TPA the cells started to proliferate
      again. However, on removal of the cells from the culture flask and reseeding, the
      cells had regained their sensitivity towards TPA. Cells which were subcultured in
      the presence of 10(-8) M TPA for 9 weeks were permanently refractory to the
      growth-inhibitory properties of TPA. Incubation of A549 cells with [3H]phorbol
      12,13-dibutyrate ([ 3H]PDB) showed that the cells possess specific phorbol ester
      receptors. Exposure of the cells to 10(-7) M PDB preceding the receptor binding
      assay led rapidly to a decline in the binding of 6 nM [3H]PDB, in case of
      preincubation for 24 h to 38% of the binding in cells not pre-exposed to PDB. The
      receptor binding capacity after pretreatment with PDB was only weakly decreased
      in the cells which were desensitized towards the TPA-induced growth inhibition.
      Thus the decrease in receptor binding on exposure to phorbol esters does not
      appear to cause the refractoriness of the cells towards the effect of TPA. It
      seems more likely that this decrease in binding capacity is part of the events by
      which phorbol esters cause inhibition of cell growth.

PMID- 3861246
TI  - Release of platelet-activating factor in human leukemia.
AB  - Cellular release of platelet-activating factor (PAF) was assessed in a series of
      human acute and chronic lymphoid and myeloid leukemias at presentation or in an
      active phase of the disease. PAF-like material, showing physicochemical
      properties similar to those of synthetic PAF and of PAF released from IgE
      sensitized rabbit basophils, was found in cultures of cells from 5 of 6 acute
      lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) (2 of 2 T-ALL and 3 of 4 common ALL) and from 13 of
      24 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias after stimulation with ionophore A23187
      with or without phytohemagglutinin in the presence of acetyl coenzyme A. On the
      other hand, PAF was released only from 2 of 10 acute myeloblastic leukemias; both
      of them were of the more mature monoblastic subtype or M5 according to the French
      American-British classification. Cells from all three cases of chronic myeloid
      leukemia studied were also capable of producing PAF. In eight cases of acute
      lymphoid and myeloid leukemia, the in vivo release of PAF was assessed by testing
      the plasma levels of this mediator. Only in two cases (one ALL and one acute
      myeloblastic leukemia) could detectable levels of circulating PAF be
      demonstrated; it is of interest that both of these cases showed clinical and
      hematological features of disseminated intravascular coagulation. No PAF was
      documented in the plasma of the five chronic leukemias tested (four B-cell
      chronic lymphocytic leukemias and one chronic myeloid leukemia). These findings
      indicate that lymphoid and myeloid leukemic cells have a different capacity of
      releasing PAF, possibly related to the level of cell differentiation rather than
      to an intrinsic property of the neoplastic cells. Furthermore, in some cases, an
      intravascular release of PAF may occur.

PMID- 3861247
TI  - Phase II evaluation of aclarubicin in advanced breast cancer: a Southeastern
      Cancer Study Group trial.

PMID- 3861248
TI  - Phase II study of mitoxantrone, aclarubicin, and diaziquone in the treatment of
      non-small cell lung carcinoma: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study.

PMID- 3861249
TI  - The microflora associated with developing lesions of nursing caries.

PMID- 3861250
TI  - The microflora associated with the progression of incipient carious lesions of
      children living in a water-fluoridated area.

PMID- 3861251
TI  - Adenosine 5'-triphosphate content of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 during fluoride
      mediated death at low pH.

PMID- 3861252
TI  - Adenosine 5'-triphosphate content of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 during starvation
      in a buffered salt medium.

PMID- 3861253
TI  - Determination of salivary Streptococcus mutans level in a stable sucrose
      sulphasomidine-containing broth.

PMID- 3861254
TI  - Effect of human milk on plaque pH in situ and enamel dissolution in vitro
      compared with bovine milk, lactose, and sucrose.

PMID- 3861255
TI  - Enhancement of (salivary) remineralization by 'dipping' solutions.

PMID- 3861256
TI  - F- uptake inhibition by excess phosphate during fluoridated apatite formation.

PMID- 3861257
TI  - A polarized light microscopic study of progressive stages of enamel caries in
      vivo.

PMID- 3861258
TI  - A scanning electron microscopic study of progressive stages of enamel caries in
      vivo.

PMID- 3861259
TI  - Effect of calcium lactate and calcium lactophosphate on caries activity in
      programme-fed rats.

PMID- 3861260
TI  - Posttreatment benefits from participation in a school-based fluoride mouthrinsing
      program: results after up to 7 years of rinsing.

PMID- 3861261
TI  - The use of fibre-optic transillumination in the diagnosis of posterior approximal
      caries in clinical trials.

PMID- 3861263
TI  - Anorexia and bulimia: eating functions gone awry.

PMID- 3861262
TI  - Activity and synapse elimination at the neuromuscular junction.
AB  - The neuromuscular junction undergoes a loss of synaptic connections during early
      development. This loss converts the innervation of each muscle fiber from
      polyneuronal to single. During this change the number of motor neurons remains
      constant but the number of muscle fibers innervated by each motor neuron is
      reduced. Evidence indicates that a local competition among the inputs on each
      muscle fiber determines which inputs are eliminated. The role of synapse
      elimination in the development of neuromuscular circuits, other than ensuring a
      single innervation of each fiber, is unclear. Most evidence suggests that the
      elimination plays little or no role in correcting for errant connections. Rather,
      it seems that connections are initially highly specific, in terms of both which
      motor neurons connect to which muscles and which neurons connect to which
      particular fibers within these muscles. A number of attempts have been made to
      determine the importance of neuromuscular activity during early development for
      this rearrangement of synaptic connections. Experiments reducing neuromuscular
      activity by muscle tenotomy, deafferentation and spinal cord section, block of
      nerve impulse conduction with tetrodotoxin, and the use of postsynaptic and
      presynaptic blocking agents have all shown that normal activity is required for
      normal synapse elimination. Most experiments in which complete muscle paralysis
      has been achieved show that activity may be essential for the occurrence of
      synapse elimination. Furthermore, experiments in which neuromuscular activity has
      been augmented by external stimulation show that synapse elimination is
      accelerated. A plausible hypothesis to explain the activity dependence of
      neuromuscular synapse elimination is that a neuromuscular trophic agent is
      produced by the muscle fibers and that this production is controlled by muscle
      fiber activity. The terminals on each fiber compete for the substance produced by
      that fiber. Inactive fibers produce large quantities of this substance; on the
      other hand, muscle activity suppresses the level of synthesis of this agent to
      the point where only a single synaptic terminal can be maintained. Inactive
      muscle fibers would be expected to be able to maintain more nerve terminals. The
      attractiveness of this scheme is that it provides a simple feedback mechanism to
      ensure that each fiber retains a single effective input.

PMID- 3861264
TI  - The year ahead--an interview with CDA's new president.

PMID- 3861265
TI  - Caries removal system: preliminary case reports of four pediatric dental
      patients.

PMID- 3861266
TI  - [Accutane (isotretinoic acid)--a new human teratogen].

PMID- 3861267
TI  - Studies on the effect of tellurium on experimental dental caries development in
      rat--a change of oral streptococcal flora by administration of sodium tellurite.

PMID- 3861269
TI  - What's your articulator IQ?

PMID- 3861268
TI  - Unravelling the mystery of myosteodontics.

PMID- 3861270
TI  - Streamlining dental procedures.

PMID- 3861271
TI  - One-write bookkeeping.

PMID- 3861272
TI  - Alginate powder hazards: are you safe?

PMID- 3861273
TI  - Platelets, endothelium, and vasospasm.

PMID- 3861274
TI  - Proposed pathogenesis of fibrositis.

PMID- 3861276
TI  - Changing concepts of cavity toilet. A review.

PMID- 3861275
TI  - Sulphate conjugation limits fluctuations in free catecholamines in
      phaeochromocytoma.
AB  - Sulphate conjugation represents an efficient mechanism for inactivating
      catecholamines (CA) with more than 80% of total noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline
      (A) and nearly 100% of dopamine (DA), circulating as conjugates. Sulphate
      conjugation responds rapidly to changes in sympathetic activity and may buffer
      the haemodynamic and metabolic consequences of wide fluctuations in CA release in
      phaeochromocytoma. This hypothesis was tested in seven patients with
      phaeochromocytoma by consecutive measurements of plasma free and conjugated NA,
      under resting conditions, before operation and at least 4 weeks after tumour
      removal. Free and total (free plus sulphates) NA were markedly elevated before
      (4.3, s.e.m. = 1.8 and 13.7, s.e.m. = 4.4 ng/ml, respectively) compared with 1-4
      months after surgery (0.48, s.e.m. = 0.13 and 1.8, s.e.m. = 0.53 ng/ml). A and DA
      were similarly elevated before surgery; after surgery, A was undetectable in
      three patients and DA was undetectable in all patients. Before surgery
      consecutive measurements of total NA, 5 min apart, were markedly different (18.8,
      s.e.m. = 4.8 and 12, s.e.m. = 3.1 ng/ml, respectively), whereas only small
      differences in free NA levels were present (4.0, s.e.m. = 1.5 and 4.4, s.e.m. =
      1.8 ng/ml). In three patients, fluctuations in total NA concentration greater
      than 12 ng/ml were associated with either no change (one patient) or changes of
      0.6 and 2.8 ng/ml in levels of free NA, respectively. Mean blood pressure varied
      less than 8 mmHg in these patients. These findings indicate that sulphate
      conjugation is a dynamic process which may limit wide fluctuations in free CA
      concentration during episodic secretory activity in phaeochromocytoma.

PMID- 3861277
TI  - External resorption of an unerupted tooth.

PMID- 3861278
TI  - Coping with dentists' professional stress-a general framework.

PMID- 3861279
TI  - Vision and visible light curing generators.

PMID- 3861280
TI  - Actinomycosis infection of the jaws--mode of action.

PMID- 3861281
TI  - In vitro comparison of several composite resins surface texture.

PMID- 3861282
TI  - Prediction of muscle and joint loads after segmental femur replacement for
      osteosarcoma.
AB  - The authors designed a mathematical model that simulated 28 proximal and distal
      femoral resections and reconstructions for tumor and then predicted muscle and
      joint forces during gait and stair climbing. Such models will become increasingly
      useful as improvements are available, as tumor patient longevity increases, and
      as the design and manufacture of custom devices become more common. Inertial
      property changes with surgery were minor and can be ignored for most purposes.
      For most simulations, physiologically reasonable muscle forces were predicted,
      suggesting that patients would be able to walk in a normal or near-normal
      fashion. Large joint and muscle loads were predicted after extensive muscle
      resections, particularly during stair climbing, suggesting that patients would
      limp. The quadriceps muscle group was sufficiently strong to allow normal gait
      with partial excisions. With complete quadriceps excision and transfers, however,
      high joint loads were predicted. Furthermore, if an endoprosthesis had inherent
      varus-valgus stability in such cases, the moments to be satisfied by the
      prosthesis would predispose to high interface stresses and loosening. If,
      conversely, the endoprosthesis did not have inherent stability, muscle forces in
      the remaining muscles would be unrealistically high, suggesting that such a
      patient would limp or require ambulation assists.

PMID- 3861284
TI  - Dual isotope scanning with gallium-67 citrate and technetium-99m
      radiopharmaceuticals.
AB  - The interpretation of Ga-67 scans is limited by the complex anatomic and
      physiologic distribution of Ga-67 and by the low resolution possible with this
      isotope. The use of a second isotope Tc-99m, tagged to an appropriate
      pharmaceutical allows the identification of anatomic landmarks. Computer
      acquisition of both the Ga-67 and Tc-99m images allows for subtraction of the Tc
      99m images from the Ga-67 images and leads to precise localization of abnormal Ga
      67 accumulations. Only a small percentage of the counts in the Tc-99m window are
      due to Ga-67 scatter and do not degrade the Tc-99m images. Cases illustrating the
      value of the dual-isotope technique are presented.

PMID- 3861283
TI  - Early onset myophosphorylase deficiency (Mc Ardle's disease) with absence of
      myophosphorylase protein on SDS electrophoresis. The role of the ischemic forearm
      test.
AB  - The authors present a case report of early onset myophosphorylase deficiency (Mc
      Ardle's disease) with absence of myophosphorylase protein on SDS-electrophoresis.
      The different varieties of myophosphorylase deficiency and the clinical
      investigations which may lead to the diagnosis are reviewed. In particular, the
      relevance and possible dangers of an ischemic forearm exercise test and the
      suggestion of using a needle biopsy as a preliminary screening in similar cases
      of metabolic myopathies are discussed.

PMID- 3861285
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the cecum. Detection by gallium scintigraphy.

PMID- 3861286
TI  - Consensus development summaries. Limb-sparing treatment of adult soft-tissue
      sarcomas and osteosarcomas. National Institutes of Health.

PMID- 3861287
TI  - Calcium transport. Our internationally renowned research team.

PMID- 3861288
TI  - Communication & staff management.

PMID- 3861289
TI  - Murphy's Law in dentistry. Whatever can happen, will happen.

PMID- 3861291
TI  - Compression volume during mechanical ventilation: comparison of ventilators and
      tubing circuits.
AB  - Four ventilators (Puritan-Bennett MA-1 and MA-2, Emerson, and Bear I) and four
      commercially available disposable and nondisposable tubing circuits (Bennett
      nondisposable, Becton-Dickinson, Inspiron, and Life-line) were tested on a lung
      analog for differences in inspiratory-circuit compression volume. The compression
      ratio (Rc), equal to the gas volume compressed per cm H2O peak airway pressure,
      was calculated for each combination of ventilator and circuit at each of four
      compliance settings (0.15, 0.10, 0.05, 0.01 L/cm H2O) on the analog. Rc values
      ranged from 0.3 to 4.5 ml/cm H2O at the highest and lowest compliance settings,
      respectively, accounting for a reduction in delivered tidal volume of up to 20%.
      The Emerson ventilator with all tubing systems and the Bennett nondisposable
      circuit with each ventilator demonstrated slightly smaller compression volumes.
      Application of an inspiratory pause on the Bear I ventilator did not affect its
      compression characteristics. The clinical importance of compression volume and
      data from other ventilation systems are reviewed.

PMID- 3861290
TI  - Inhibition of luteal phase progesterone levels in the rhesus monkey by epostane.
AB  - This study examined the effect of epostane, a new antifertility drug, on normal
      and hCG-stimulated progesterone production during the luteal phase of the
      menstrual cycle in rhesus monkeys. When administered once each day for five days,
      epostane inhibited normal luteal phase progesterone levels in a dose-related
      fashion. Epostane also reduced the elevated luteal phase progesterone levels of
      animals treated with hCG indicating that the drug acts directly on the corpus
      luteum. These data suggest that epostane interferes with corpus luteum function
      in a primate and that the drug would be effective as an interceptive agent during
      early pregnancy.

PMID- 3861292
TI  - Polymers in contact lenses: an overview.

PMID- 3861293
TI  - Conformational state of lacrimal proteins adsorbed on contact lenses.
AB  - A circular dichroism study has been performed to investigate the conformational
      properties of lysozyme adsorbed onto new and worn hydrophilic contact lenses.
      Whereas the native state of the protein is retained immediately after adsorption,
      lysozyme appears to be substantially denatured in worn lenses. These findings
      support the hypothesis of an immune response, due to lysozyme denaturation, for
      reported eye diseases in contact lens wearing patients. Regeneration processes to
      remove adsorbed proteins leave on the lens traces of potentially noxious
      materials. A reasonably frequent lens replacement is accordingly recommended.

PMID- 3861294
TI  - Marginal corneal ulcers.

PMID- 3861295
TI  - Metabolites and enzymes in the corneal epithelium after extended contact lens
      wear.

PMID- 3861296
TI  - Pharmacological testing in the laser-induced monkey glaucoma model.
AB  - Glaucoma was induced in cynomolgus monkeys by photocoagulating the trabecular
      meshwork with the argon laser. Repeat treatments were often necessary and wide
      intraocular pressure fluctuations were characteristic. Baseline intraocular
      pressure was measured with a calibrated pneumatonometer hourly for six hours. On
      a succeeding day a baseline measurement was made, 50 microliter of the drug to be
      tested applied, and six hourly measurements of intraocular pressure repeated. The
      effects on intraocular pressure of timolol, epinephrine, pilocarpine, vanadate,
      prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), forskolin, and corynanthine were tested in
      at least eight eyes. Significant (p less than 0.05) reductions of intraocular
      pressure were produced by 0.5% timolol, 2% epinephrine, 4% pilocarpine, 1%
      vanadate, 500 micrograms of PGF2 alpha and 1% forskolin. Five per cent
      corynanthine produced no significant lowering of intraocular pressure. Tonography
      revealed an increased outflow facility associated with the reduction of
      intraocular pressure 2 hours after the administration of 4% pilocarpine. This
      glaucoma animal model may be useful in investigating agents that lower
      intraocular pressure by a variety of mechanisms.

PMID- 3861297
TI  - Eating disorders in the young anorexia nervosa and bulimia: Part I.

PMID- 3861298
TI  - Resolution of disseminated granuloma annulare following isotretinoin therapy.
AB  - Disseminated granuloma annulare is often a chronic disorder that may prove
      refractory to treatment and lead to prolonged cosmetic disfigurement. In a
      patient with disseminated granuloma annulare that was unresponsive to multiple
      therapeutic regimens, administration of isotretinoin resulted in rapid clearing
      of nearly all lesions. To our knowledge this is the first reported case in which
      this agent was used to treat disseminated granuloma annulare.

PMID- 3861299
TI  - [Dental care and Social Security in Luxembourg].

PMID- 3861300
TI  - [Marsupialization of a corono-dental cyst in children].

PMID- 3861301
TI  - [Evaluation of an intradiploetic technic with the Villette syringe].

PMID- 3861302
TI  - ["Scorpion tooth" or dilaceration of the central incisor].

PMID- 3861303
TI  - [The effect of sugars and sugar alcohols on dental caries].

PMID- 3861305
TI  - [Complications due to antibiotics].

PMID- 3861304
TI  - [Current status of antibiotics in oral surgery].

PMID- 3861306
TI  - [A bone packing method with phenol-formol].

PMID- 3861307
TI  - [Electromyographic study of the function of the mandibular elevators in partially
      and totally edentulous patients].

PMID- 3861308
TI  - The effect of retinoids on haemopoiesis--clinical and laboratory studies.
AB  - Retinoids affect the growth and differentiation of haemopoietic cells.
      Individuals deficient in retinoids become anaemic; replacement therapy with
      retinoids corrects the anaemia. Retinoids enhance the clonal proliferation of
      erythroid and myeloid precursors in soft-gel culture; all-trans-retinoic acid and
      13-cis-retinoic acid are the most potent. Retinoids also induce the
      differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytes to functional granulocytes and can induce
      cells from other relatively mature, myeloid cell lines to undergo partial
      differentiation. Cells from less mature myeloid leukaemic lines are often
      resistant to induction of differentiation by retinoids. Like cells from
      established lines, relatively mature leukaemic cells (promyelocytes,
      myelomonoblasts) harvested from patients can undergo differentiation in vitro in
      the presence of retinoids. A few reports suggests that a minority of patients
      with myeloid leukaemia or preleukaemia who receive 13-cis-retinoic acid will have
      improvement in their haemopoiesis. Further studies are required to understand the
      mechanism of action of retinoids on the growth and differentiation of
      haemopoietic cells and to explore more fully the therapeutic potential of
      retinoids.

PMID- 3861309
TI  - Menstrual induction: surgery versus prostaglandins.
AB  - In most developed countries in which therapeutic abortions are legal, termination
      of pregnancy is performed at between 8 and 12 weeks of gestation. Because the
      complication rate after this procedure rises with increasing gestation, there
      would be many advantages in inducing abortion before the eighth week ('menstrual
      induction'). With the increasing availability of highly sensitive methods of
      detecting human chorionic gonadotropin, pregnancy can now be diagnosed as early
      as 10-14 days after conception. The uterus can be surgically evacuated safely and
      simply by suction aspiration under local anaesthesia. However, a safe and
      effective method of inducing abortion by medical means would be a useful and
      cheaper alternative. Of the potentially useful compounds, only derivatives of
      prostaglandins E and F administered by vaginal pessary have so far been shown to
      be effective. Although the rate of haemorrhage and infection is low, 10-30% of
      women experience moderate side-effects of pelvic pain, diarrhoea and/or vomiting.
      The possibilities are discussed of reducing the incidence of side-effects by
      different methods of release or using prostaglandins in combination with other
      compounds such as antigestogens which might lower the therapeutic threshold.

PMID- 3861310
TI  - The comparative safety of second-trimester abortion methods.
AB  - The comparative safety of methods used to perform second-trimester abortion is an
      important public health concern. Morbidity and mortality studies indicate that
      dilatation and evacuation (D & E) is safer than instillation abortion, which is
      safer than hysterotomy or hysterectomy. In the third phase of the Joint Program
      for the Study of Abortion, the adjusted relative risk of serious complications
      associated with intra-amniotic instillation of urea and prostaglandin F2 alpha
      (the safest abortifacient regimen) was 1.9 times that associated with D & E (95%
      confidence interval 1.2-3.1). Surveillance of abortion mortality in the United
      States from 1972 to 1981 revealed a death-to-case rate of 4.9 per 100 000
      abortions associated with D & E, 9.6 with instillation methods, and over 60 with
      hysterotomy or hysterectomy. Little information exists on potential late sequelae
      of second-trimester abortion. D & E appears to be the safest method of second
      trimester abortion available in the United States.

PMID- 3861311
TI  - [Leukemia in tumor patients receiving chemotherapy].

PMID- 3861312
TI  - [Light microscopic morphology of the nucleolus and its ultrastructural
      equivalent].

PMID- 3861314
TI  - Challenges in clinical dental traumatology.

PMID- 3861313
TI  - Identification of a messenger ribonucleic acid fraction in human prostatic cancer
      cells coding for a novel osteoblast-stimulating factor.
AB  - Prostatic cancer is frequently associated with new bone formation although the
      tumor-derived factors responsible for changes in bone cell function have not been
      identified. We have examined the synthesis of osteoblast-stimulating factors in a
      cultured human prostatic cancer cell line (PC-3) and show that conditioned medium
      from PC-3 cells stimulate mitogenesis and alkaline phosphatase in cells with the
      osteoblast phenotype (cultured rat osteosarcoma cells) and collagen synthesis in
      fetal rat calvaria. In order to characterize tumor-derived gene products which
      stimulate cells of the osteoblast phenotype messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated
      from PC-3 cells and microinjected into Xenopus laevis oocytes. mRNA-directed
      translation products which were secreted into the oocyte medium were collected
      and assayed for a number of osteoblast stimulating properties. Translation
      products from PC-3 mRNA-injected oocytes stimulated division of cultured
      osteosarcoma cells by 8-fold and increased DNA synthesis as measured by
      incorporation of [3H]thymidine into these cells. In addition, tumor-derived
      translation products stimulated the production of alkaline phosphatase activity,
      a marker enzyme for bone formation, in cultured osteosarcoma cells. Oocytes
      injected either with water or with mRNA from a tumor not associated with bone
      formation were devoid of these activities. Total mRNA from the human prostatic
      cancer cells was then denatured and fractionated by size by agarose gel
      electrophoresis. When individual fractions of mRNA were eluted from the gel,
      translated in Xenopus oocytes, and the secreted translation products were tested
      for alkaline phosphatase-stimulating activity on osteoblast-like cells, the
      majority of the activity could be recovered in a mRNA fraction which was
      approximately 1800 bases in length. These results indicate that the PC-3
      prostatic cancer cell line synthesizes a mRNA of approximately 1800 bases which
      codes for a heretofore unrecognized osteoblast-stimulating factor.

PMID- 3861315
TI  - Allergenic potential of root canal sealers.

PMID- 3861316
TI  - Human pulpal response to composite resin restorations.

PMID- 3861317
TI  - Effectiveness and safety of a sonic vibratory endodontic instrument.

PMID- 3861318
TI  - Case history of a cyst.

PMID- 3861320
TI  - Multimeric complexes of differentiation-inducing protein bound to DNA.
AB  - Myeloid hematopoietic precursor cells are induced to differentiate by the
      macrophage and granulocyte differentiation-inducing protein MGI-2 (DF). This
      differentiation-inducing protein bound to double-stranded but not to single
      stranded mammalian DNA. The bound MGI-2 was not eluted by high salt, but was
      eluted by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). MGI-2 also bound to double-stranded E.
      coli DNA, but with this DNA the bound MGI-2 was eluted by high salt. This
      indicated a difference in the binding affinities of MGI-2 to mammalian and E.
      coli DNA. MGI-2 bound to DNA was examined by electron microscopy. The results
      indicate that MGI-2 formed a multimeric complex with double-stranded DNA and that
      the size of the complex was correlated with the strength of protein binding to
      the DNA. The multimeric complex bound to DNA was disrupted by deoxyribonuclease.
      The data indicated that binding of this differentiation-inducing protein to DNA
      involves the formation of a multimeric complex in which the monomers are held
      together by DNA. It is suggested that the formation of such multimeric complexes
      of MGI-2 and DNA may allow activation of the multiple pathways of gene expression
      that is required for differentiation.

PMID- 3861321
TI  - Positive 111In-granulocyte scintigraphy in a patient with focal leukemic blast
      cell infiltrations.
AB  - A patient with acute myeloid leukemia was investigated with 111In-granulocyte
      scintigraphy to reveal possible sites of infection. 111In-granulocytes
      accumulated in areas of leukemic blast cell infiltration leading to a false
      positive scintigram. This possibility must be kept in mind when studying leukemic
      patients using labeled leukocytes.

PMID- 3861319
TI  - Inhibition of hormonally regulated adenylate cyclase by the beta gamma subunit of
      transducin.
AB  - Transducin (T), the GTP-binding protein of the retina activates the cGMP
      phosphodiesterase system, and presents analogies with the proteins GS and Gi
      which respectively mediate adenylate cyclase activation and inhibition by hormone
      receptors. These proteins are all comprised of an alpha subunit carrying the GTP
      binding site and a beta gamma subunit made of two peptides. The beta peptide (35
      kd) appears similar in the three proteins. We demonstrate here that purified T
      beta gamma inhibits adenylate cyclase from human platelet membranes. This
      inhibition was observed when adenylate cyclase was stimulated by GTP,
      prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), NaF and forskolin, but not when stimulated by
      GTP(gamma)S. In the presence of GTP and forskolin, the T beta gamma-induced
      maximal inhibition was not additive with the alpha 2-receptor-induced adenylate
      cyclase inhibition mediated by Gi. Both inhibitions were suppressed at high Mg2+
      concentrations, which as also known to dissociate T beta gamma from T alpha-GDP.
      This suggests that these adenylate cyclase inhibitions are due to the formation
      of inactive complexes of GS alpha-GDP with T beta gamma or Gi beta gamma. T beta
      gamma-induced inhibition did not require detergent and could be suppressed by
      simple washing. T beta gamma effects are dependent on its concentration rather
      than on its total amount. This suggests that T beta gamma can operate in solution
      with no integration into the membrane. Similar inhibitory effects of T beta gamma
      are observed on adenylate cyclase from anterior pituitary and lymphoma S49 cell
      lines.

PMID- 3861323
TI  - Induction of erythroid differentiation by cytoplast fusion in mouse
      erythroleukemia (Friend) cells.
AB  - An intracellular activity, which is induced by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or
      hexamethylenebisacetamide (HMBA) and leads to erythroid differentiation in mouse
      Friend cells, was characterized by cell fusion between genetically marked intact
      cells and cytoplasts. For this, a procedure for rapid selection of cybrids was
      devised by sensitizing non-fused cells with oligomycin. We were able to
      demonstrate that cytoplasts derived from DMSO- (or HMBA)-treated cells trigger
      erythroid differentiation upon fusion with UV-irradiated cells. The activity in
      the cytoplasts remained only transiently and its induction was inhibited by
      biologically active phorbol esters or cycloheximide. The activity, however, was
      not induced in cytoplasts by directly treating them with DMSO (or HMBA). These
      results indicate that (1) the intracellular erythroid-inducing activity is
      located in cytoplasts, (2) it acts in trans and induces erythroid differentiation
      as a dominant factor and (3) its production requires de novo nuclear protein
      synthesis. The mechanisms of the induction of the intracellular activity and of
      how it triggers erythroid differentiation are discussed.

PMID- 3861322
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ceftizoxime.
AB  - The kinetics of ceftizoxime, a newly developed cephalosporin, were evaluated in 6
      healthy subjects, with respect to its excretory pathways especially by the
      biliary route. Total, renal and biliary clearance were determined at two
      different steady states. Steady state was achieved by constant intravenous
      infusion (604.1 mg/h) over 6 h after an initial loading dose (750 mg); 1.5 h
      after discontinuation of that infusion, a further infusion was commenced at a
      lower rate (284 mg/h) over 3 h, the second steady state being reached 0.5 to 1.0
      h later. The drug was mainly excreted by the kidneys (56.7 to 92.9% of the dose).
      Biliary excretion, measured by the duodenal perfusion and marker dilution
      technique, was low (0.2 to 7.8% of the dose). Urinary and biliary excretion as
      well as total clearance were not dose-dependent. However, there was pronounced
      interindividual variation in total (35.2 to 236 ml/min) and renal clearance (10.6
      to 208 ml/min), which could both be explained by varying interindividual urinary
      flow rates (mean flow rate: 0.99 ml/min to 3.14 ml/min). Intraindividual
      variation in renal clearance was less pronounced, but in the same subject changes
      in renal clearance were correlated with changes in urinary flow rate. From the
      varying renal clearance, which exceeded the glomerular filtration rate at high
      urinary flow rates and was below it at low urinary flow rates, it can be
      concluded that, in addition to glomerular filtration, tubular secretion and
      tubular reabsorption are involved in the renal excretion of ceftizoxime.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3861324
TI  - Production of erythropoietin by cloned malignant murine erythroid cells.
AB  - A specific immunological assay was used to demonstrate that the erythropoietic
      factor produced by the recently described FMuLV-induced murine erythroleukemic
      cell line IW32 is an authentic erythropoietin (epo). Several independent virus
      induced erythroleukemic and myeloblastic cell lines were tested for epo
      production. Among six erythroleukemic cell lines induced by FMuLV, another (NN10)
      was shown to produce epo by biological and immunological assays. Four Friend
      virus-induced erythroleukemias and four FMuLV-induced myeloblastic cells were
      negative. The amounts of epo produced were similar in IW32 and NN10 supernatants
      after 48 h in culture. The in vitro bioassay gave the highest levels (up to 1000
      mU/ml), the in vivo bioassay the lowest, and the radioimmunoassay gave
      intermediate results. NN10 and IW32 cell lines have been induced by two different
      FMuLV and were shown to be independent by cytogenetic studies. The molecular
      weights of IW32 and NN10 epo were close to the molecular weight of mouse plasma
      epo but elution profiles suggested that some differences might exist between
      these epos. Cloned IW32 and NN10 cells were shown to retain both the ability for
      erythroid differentiation after incubation with chemical inducers and the ability
      to produce epo. This demonstrates that malignant erythroid cells were the source
      of epo production in these cell lines.

PMID- 3861325
TI  - On the role of the spleen in Friend virus (F-MuLV-P) erythroleukemia.
AB  - About 30% of Friend virus (F-MuLV-P)-infected C57BL/6 mice became leukemic more
      than ten weeks after virus infection. This late leukemia development could not be
      essentially influenced by drug treatment, such as injection of hydroxyurea (2 X
      500 mg/kg), actinomycin D (3 X 120 micrograms/kg), phenylhydrazine (3 X 60
      mg/kg), or 30 micrograms endotoxin or by bone marrow transplantation following
      lethal irradiation. Endotoxin (30 micrograms) given prior to virus caused the
      loss of resistance to F-MuLV-P, but it had only a slight effect if applied one or
      three months after virus infection. Leukemia development has never been observed
      in C57BL/6 mice after splenectomy. In DBA/2 mice, highly susceptible to F-MuLV-P,
      leukemia development was markedly impaired if the mice were splenectomized. These
      results clearly indicate that the spleen plays a crucial role in the mechanism of
      susceptibility or resistance to the Friend virus.

PMID- 3861326
TI  - Effect of alkyl-lysophospholipids on phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in leukemic
      cell lines.
AB  - Alkyl-lysophospholipids are ether analogues of lysophospholipids that have
      tumoricidal activity mediated through activation of macrophages or by direct
      effect on tumor cells by disturbance of phospholipid metabolism. The effect of
      racemic 1-octadecyl-2-methyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine on phosphatidylcholine
      synthesis was investigated in sensitive (HL-60) and resistant (K-562) human
      leukemic cell lines. Radiolabeled lysophosphatidyl-choline, choline, and
      methionine incorporation into phosphatidylcholine was measured in intact cells
      exposed for 24 h to varying concentrations of the compound. In HL-60 cells,
      marked inhibition of phosphatidylcholine synthesis was demonstrated using
      lysophosphatidylcholine or choline as precursors, but no effect was observed on
      methionine incorporation. No effects were observed in K-562 cells. These
      investigations suggest that alkyl-lysophospholipids inhibit phosphatidylcholine
      synthesis via the acyltransferase reaction and from choline, but not from
      methionine.

PMID- 3861327
TI  - Stimulation of proliferation and differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells
      on a bone marrow stroma in culture.
AB  - Purified acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts were placed in Dexter cultures with
      and without a preestablished normal bone marrow stroma to investigate whether
      their proliferation was dependent on a stroma, as is the case with normal marrow
      cells. It was also studied whether AML cells were induced to differentiate under
      a stromal influence. Ten patients with untreated AML were included in the study.
      In most cases, AML cells were maintained at higher levels when a normal stroma
      was present. Cell recoveries varied widely between patients. Net cell production
      was apparent in nine of ten stroma cultures. In most paired cultures without a
      preestablished stroma, cell numbers decreased. Leukemic colony-forming cells (L
      CFU) (clonogenic cells) were also recovered in higher numbers from stroma
      cultures, but decreased rapidly. The peak of L-CFU preceded that of AML nucleated
      cells. Cytogenetic analysis (three cases) confirmed the AML karyotype of cultured
      cells. AML blasts were tested weekly with a number of monoclonal antibodies.
      During culture, the percentage of cells expressing mature monocytic and
      granulocytic surface antigens increased markedly, suggesting progressive
      maturation. Morphologic maturation at the same time was incomplete. Thus, AML
      cells proliferate and differentiate in vitro under the influence of a normal bone
      marrow stroma, a property which these cells share with normal bone marrow cells.

PMID- 3861328
TI  - Post-traumatic temporomandibular joint treatment.

PMID- 3861329
TI  - Mandibular asymmetry measuring technique.

PMID- 3861330
TI  - Extensive perioral neuromuscular change with function regulator II therapy.

PMID- 3861331
TI  - Association of anthracycline derivatives with DNA: a fluorescence study.
AB  - The DNA affinity for 26 anthracycline derivatives was studied by the quenching
      fluorescence technique. The stereochemical requirements for DNA intercalation are
      discussed. The relationship between the DNA affinity and bioactivity is also
      pointed out.

PMID- 3861332
TI  - [Experience with masseter hypertrophy of occlusal origin].

PMID- 3861333
TI  - [Data on the tumor-inducing effect of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea].

PMID- 3861334
TI  - [Neglected diseases in pedodontics].

PMID- 3861335
TI  - [Double invagination in geminated teeth].

PMID- 3861336
TI  - [Bioceramics as a material for oral endosseous implants].

PMID- 3861337
TI  - [The psychosomatic view of myoarthropathy].

PMID- 3861338
TI  - [Extensive follicular cyst of the mandible (case report)].

PMID- 3861339
TI  - [Comparative data on dental caries in school children of Baja and Nagybaracska
      (1948-1983)].

PMID- 3861340
TI  - A common sense approach for treatment of myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome.

PMID- 3861342
TI  - L.D. Pankey--the Institute.

PMID- 3861341
TI  - The dentist and the elderly patient.

PMID- 3861343
TI  - Orthodontic treatment of cleft lip and palate.

PMID- 3861344
TI  - Child abuse.

PMID- 3861345
TI  - Labor relations in the dental office: an employer's guide to hiring, firing, and
      wage payment.

PMID- 3861346
TI  - X-rays: answers to the most frequently asked questions.

PMID- 3861347
TI  - Dental assisting can be a zoo.

PMID- 3861348
TI  - The changing role of women in film, 1920-1985.

PMID- 3861350
TI  - [Basic ceramic coating technic for cold light curable composite veneers].

PMID- 3861349
TI  - Dental Board radiologic policies and the dental assistant candidate.

PMID- 3861351
TI  - The best incentive plan for your staff.

PMID- 3861352
TI  - Medical insurance can pay your patients' dental bills.

PMID- 3861354
TI  - Ten ways to malpractice-proof your practice.

PMID- 3861353
TI  - Liability coverage: $1,000,000 made me a target.

PMID- 3861355
TI  - How to work better with your dental lab.

PMID- 3861356
TI  - Doctors versus staff: how both sides can win.

PMID- 3861358
TI  - Perio problems: effective treatment and referrals.

PMID- 3861357
TI  - How to expand your practice and profits.

PMID- 3861359
TI  - Seven steps to better patient communication.

PMID- 3861360
TI  - Marketing your practice: the personal touch.

PMID- 3861361
TI  - Practicing with another dentist: avoid these legal traps.

PMID- 3861362
TI  - Dental insurance: streamline your system, boost your cash flow.

PMID- 3861364
TI  - Radio: an effective way to market.

PMID- 3861363
TI  - Boost your expectations for a more productive practice.

PMID- 3861365
TI  - An updated office manual means a smooth-running office.

PMID- 3861366
TI  - Drugs in dentistry. Dietary supplement fluorides.

PMID- 3861367
TI  - Dental technology education in Japan. 2,260 hours of 'basic' instruction.

PMID- 3861368
TI  - Cash flow: why it does and doesn't.

PMID- 3861369
TI  - Getting certified in Germany. There are no shortcuts.

PMID- 3861370
TI  - Want to expand? Hit the pavement.

PMID- 3861371
TI  - Seven keys to profitability.

PMID- 3861373
TI  - Establishing credit and creditability with your banker.

PMID- 3861372
TI  - Today's education needs more than bandages.

PMID- 3861374
TI  - The Keyes method of alternative periodontal therapy. A critical review.

PMID- 3861375
TI  - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Implications for dental hygiene practice.

PMID- 3861376
TI  - Effectiveness of margination procedures in relation to periodontal status.

PMID- 3861377
TI  - Root topography following instrumentation. A SEM study.

PMID- 3861378
TI  - Oral cancer self-examination. The dental hygienist's role.

PMID- 3861379
TI  - The bulimic dental patient. Recognition and recommendations.

PMID- 3861380
TI  - Military dentistry: a different career.

PMID- 3861381
TI  - Spread the good news of dentistry's economy.

PMID- 3861383
TI  - A tactful way to treat the dental emergency.

PMID- 3861382
TI  - Basic computer terms for the dental office.

PMID- 3861384
TI  - Use your staff and patients to develop policy.

PMID- 3861385
TI  - Your recipe for a successful practice.

PMID- 3861387
TI  - Symposium on quality assurance.

PMID- 3861386
TI  - Hang out a shingle: tips on office design.

PMID- 3861388
TI  - Quality Assurance. Historical perspective and critical issues.
AB  - Quality assurance in dentistry traces its roots to the experience of medicine.
      Emerging challenges to the traditional practice of dentistry have created a more
      receptive environment for the introduction of quality assurance systems. This
      article underscores some of the historical perspectives as well as the critical
      issues facing dentistry with regard to quality assurance.

PMID- 3861389
TI  - Professional self-regulation: peer review.
AB  - Dentistry, in fulfilling its responsibility for self-regulation, has established
      a highly specific and formalized method of peer review. Its primary purpose is to
      mediate problems between patients, dentists, and third parties relative to the
      quality of treatment and appropriateness of care. It is a confidential service
      provided to the public and profession at no cost and accomplished with the
      voluntary cooperation of all parties involved. Decisions of peer review
      committees are advisory in nature but offer an alternative to legal resolution of
      misunderstandings and problems in patient care. The profession, by continually
      refining peer review and by educating its members and the public to its function,
      is providing a unique and valuable service to patients, dentists, and third
      parties. The objective and consistent application of this self-monitoring process
      is but one mechanism by which dentistry seeks to serve the public and perpetuate
      its high standard of care.

PMID- 3861390
TI  - Social, economic, and political forces in quality assurance.
AB  - Licensure and accreditation, established primarily to protect the existing
      profession, have been incorrectly assumed to be effective agents for quality
      assurance. Although dentistry, being less institutionalized than medicine, has
      had less pressure for quality assurance, both increasing third party payment for
      care and sophistication of population have led to the development of assessment
      and assurance mechanisms. At present, these are used more for cost containment
      than quality assurance, but considerations for the protection of the oral health
      of the public are growing.

PMID- 3861391
TI  - Quality assurance and development of criteria and standards.
AB  - This article considers some fundamental considerations in developing criteria and
      standards for use in a formal quality assurance program. These include the
      purpose of the review system, the types of problems being addressed, the
      availability of data, and the time and money that can be devoted to improving
      clinical performance.

PMID- 3861392
TI  - Development of criteria and standards for dental care.
AB  - Quality assurance requires realistic standards of compliance with professionally
      acceptable criteria. As dental practice changes, these measures of performance
      must also change to distinguish between adequate and inadequate dental care.

PMID- 3861393
TI  - Dental quality assurance. A federal overview.
AB  - The Federal Government has engaged in research and investigation of dental
      quality assurance and related questions of dental delivery and financing for
      nearly 3 decades. Despite this federal effort and other privately financed
      projects, there is no completely accepted consensus regarding the definition or
      scope of the term "quality assurance" as applied to dentistry. Although federally
      sponsored research has declined lately, the profession has many interested
      parties to satisfy: consumers, the Federal Government, third- and fourth-party
      purchasers, unions, and others. Continued attention to dental quality assurance
      by the profession and other parties is desirable to ensure continuation of high
      standards of professionalism and practice.

PMID- 3861394
TI  - Quality assurance and the dental record.
AB  - The patient record can be valuable in reviewing quality of dental care if the
      record is properly designed and if the documentation is complete. A number of
      types of record audits are possible, based on intended scope of audit, record
      selection criteria, and frequency of audit.

PMID- 3861395
TI  - Quality assurance and prepaid programs.
AB  - This article presents the concepts of quality assurance and the various
      mechanisms that are employed in quality assurance systems. The implications for
      quality assurance are discussed in relation to the major types of prepaid
      programs. Capitation dental plans have certain opportunities to engage in quality
      assurance, whereas indemnity plans face a more complex set of constraints. Each
      type of plan faces different problems and requirements, and each needs to design
      quality assurance systems that address their concerns.

PMID- 3861396
TI  - Perspective of the third parties.
AB  - The dental profession and third parties define "dental quality" quite
      differently. Until the dental profession defines quality to include
      psychological, sociologic, and economic factors and establishes measurable
      standards of performance, dental quality assurance cannot exist in any meaningful
      way.

PMID- 3861397
TI  - The dental profession's commitment to quality assurance.
AB  - Although the phrase quality assurance has only recently been used in the health
      care field, it is clear that the concept is far from new. As has been described,
      early efforts by the American Dental Association in licensure and accreditation
      of professional educational programs were directed toward providing the consumer
      of health care services confidence in the quality of care being rendered. Such
      programs serve as a strong foundation upon which current work can build ongoing
      and future efforts. This current effort is a logical step along the path that was
      defined many years ago by the dental profession. Although current projects in
      dental quality assurance are exciting and new, the commitment to assuring the
      American public of the highest possible quality of dental care is not new. The
      goal of the American Dental Association remains unchanged: patients entering the
      dental health care system must be able to do so with confidence that they will
      receive quality care.

PMID- 3861398
TI  - Quality assurance and the role of self-evaluation and continuing education.
AB  - Optimal practice competency requires planned change. Self-evaluation, goal
      setting, planning and implementing change, and continual evaluation are required
      to keep a practice at its best. In this article, the authors recommend steps
      toward regular self-assessment and new sources of information and advice.

PMID- 3861399
TI  - A comprehensive quality assurance system for practicing dentists.
AB  - A comprehensive outcome-oriented quality assurance methodology manual has been
      developed for use by practicing dentists. The audit consists of four parts.
      Provision for immediate feedback to providers in order to monitor behavior change
      is a critical part of the review process as is the emphasis on the
      appropriateness of care dimension, a relatively unexplored area of quality
      assurance activity.

PMID- 3861400
TI  - Risk management in the dental office.
AB  - Owing to a massive increase in malpractice suits directed against dentists and an
      escalation in the amount of settlements and court ordered awards, professional
      liability premiums are increasing at an alarming rate. Perhaps more important to
      the dentist is the anguish caused by the legal process that exposes him or her to
      allegations made in the public arena of the courts and the press regarding the
      delivery of substandard care. In addition, the dentist may suffer considerable
      loss of money as a result of findings of negligence by the courts. The license to
      practice also is at risk. In today's environment, the practice of a health
      profession does not appear to be emotionally, professionally, or financially
      secure. Despite these disadvantages in the practice of dentistry, there is much
      the practitioner can do to reduce or eliminate legal vulnerability. In addition
      to maintaining a level of care that meets the standards of other dentists in the
      community through the process of quality assurance, legally sound office
      practices and practice management procedures may contribute significantly to
      minimizing legal risks. A process known as risk management is currently available
      to assist the practicing dentist in achieving these goals. The principles of risk
      management was borrowed from industry by the health care industry following the
      crisis in medical malpractice of the early 1970s. Its primary focus is the
      protection of resources from losses due to legal action. The activities
      associated with risk management are easily adapted to dental practice. The focus
      of these activities is directed at identifying areas of legal vulnerability,
      taking steps directed at reducing or eliminating them, and purchasing insurance
      to offset potential financial losses. The current areas of legal vulnerability
      center around issues of (1) absence of consent to care, (2) negligence, and (3)
      breach of contract. Consent to care, to be valid, must be informed and granted
      voluntarily. To meet the test of "informed," the information given to the patient
      must be in understandable language and contain the risks, benefits, and
      alternatives to the recommended treatment. In addition, the patient must be given
      an opportunity to have his or her questions answered. Obtaining consent from one
      having legal capacity to grant consent is another essential requirement. The
      treatment of minors and those that are emancipated, raises many problems with
      consent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3861401
TI  - Quality assurance and the dentist-patient relationship.
AB  - This article has suggested that the role of the doctor-patient relationship in a
      quality assurance program is a major and multifaceted one. The essence of the
      interaction between doctor and patient has personal, psychological, and technical
      aspects. They proceed beyond the office walls into the community and support
      systems. The measurable outcome of any diagnosis and treatment is a result of the
      doctor-patient relationship as well as the assessment of the modalities of care
      and the environment surrounding the rendering of that care. We have reached a
      time in the health care activities of this nation, at which there are many
      functions, facilities, and organizations participating in all aspects of health
      care. I believe that the doctor-patient relationship is still the core of the
      system and has a direct effect on the quality of care. The future will probably
      see greater emphasis on standards of care, and there will be greater involvement
      of quality assessment. In the long run, this will be in the best interest of the
      doctor and the patient.

PMID- 3861402
TI  - Quality assurance. A reviewer's perspective.
AB  - Participating in a quality assurance program can be a valuable learning
      experience for all participants, contributing to an improvement in oral health
      delivery. This article relates the experience and opinion of two general dentists
      who served as quality assurance auditors.

PMID- 3861403
TI  - The role of the consumer in quality assurance.
AB  - At present, then, consumer-related concerns can be viewed as being in two
      categories. The first consists of those persons already within the dental care
      delivery system who, overall, are satisfied with the care they are receiving and
      tend to hold their dentists, and the profession as a whole, in high esteem. This
      group does express concern about the technical quality of the services provided
      to them but also recognizes that their ability to adequately judge this aspect of
      care without professional assistance is limited. Greater consumer input, however,
      is being sought in participation in treatment-planning decisions and in choices
      available to them. Similarly, patients are looking to their dental providers to
      show greater concern for their needs as individuals: their financial, emotional,
      language, family, and related health needs. In general, dentists are responding
      to these demands both out of genuine concern that their patients receive the best
      care under the most caring circumstances and out of economic necessity. In both
      traditional practices and in emerging group-practice arrangements, consumer input
      is being sought, both informally and in more structured arrangements such as the
      inclusion of consumer representatives in prepaid dental programs. Although there
      will, understandably, always be tensions in the relationship between consumer
      expectations and the actual state-of-the-art that determines to which level the
      provider can actually provide, the dental profession can pride itself in being
      most demanding on itself to meet the needs of the people we serve. In the latter
      category, that of persons at present not receiving dental care, we currently find
      an adversary relationship between professional and consumer groups. Differences
      exist not only in perceived solutions, but to the actual extent of the problems.
      Consumer demands that informed choice should include their ability to utilize
      nondental health providers for dental care, further serve to antagonize and
      alienate even those leaders of the profession who also seek to expand services to
      previously unserved or underserved population groups. Is the relationship between
      the profession and the underserved community and their spokespersons destined to
      be one of antagonism? If we accept the data that of those persons who do not seek
      dental care, 65 per cent simply "do not feel a need to do so," there would appear
      to be a mutuality of interest between the profession and consumer groups to mount
      a suitable outreach or educational program to reach this particular population
      group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3861404
TI  - Quality assurance and marketing.
AB  - Although considerable efforts have been directed toward the development and
      utilization of marketing strategies for dental practices, little if any
      information exists in the specific area of the role quality assurance may play in
      marketing dental services. This article describes and analyzes the current
      relationship between quality assurance and marketing, given the complex array of
      factors on the horizon that may affect how dentistry is organized and delivered.
      It must become the role of the profession to see that the alliance between
      marketing and quality assurance continues and is utilized to assure the quality
      of care provided and accountability to the public.

PMID- 3861405
TI  - [Times have changed, therefore, we have adjusted].

PMID- 3861407
TI  - Colleagues helping colleagues.

PMID- 3861406
TI  - Diet, dental caries and health education.

PMID- 3861408
TI  - Office larceny.

PMID- 3861410
TI  - Relax fearful patients with an ancient medicinal art.

PMID- 3861409
TI  - Former ADA president examines potential impact of marketing vote. Interview by
      Penny Elliot Anderson.

PMID- 3861411
TI  - Effective office communications.

PMID- 3861412
TI  - "I don't want a 100% collection ratio".

PMID- 3861413
TI  - Running a dental laboratory. Part eight: The art of management.

PMID- 3861414
TI  - Running a dental laboratory. Part nine: Keeping the accounts.

PMID- 3861415
TI  - Absorbed doses in the craniofacial region during various radiographic and
      radiotherapeutic procedures.

PMID- 3861416
TI  - Power spectrum method used for comparing film and xeroradiography.

PMID- 3861417
TI  - A rare-earth screen multisection cassette for temporomandibular joint tomography:
      a technical report.

PMID- 3861418
TI  - Various appearances of postoperative maxillary cysts with computerized
      tomography.

PMID- 3861419
TI  - Bilateral coronoid hyperplasia.

PMID- 3861420
TI  - A stereoangiographic study of the arterial variations in the external carotid
      system.

PMID- 3861421
TI  - An improved microdensitometric method to investigate interdental bone pathology.

PMID- 3861422
TI  - Enlargement radiography with special reference to lateral oblique radiography of
      the mandible.

PMID- 3861423
TI  - The effects of processing variables on the contrast of type D and type E dental
      film.

PMID- 3861424
TI  - Orthodontics in general practice. The case for early assessment: 1. Treatment in
      general practice.

PMID- 3861425
TI  - Bone reconstruction: the use of hydroxyapatites.

PMID- 3861426
TI  - Lichen planus.

PMID- 3861427
TI  - Vocational training for dental practice. 1. The pilot scheme.

PMID- 3861428
TI  - The tongue: 1. Normal appearance and clinical examination.

PMID- 3861429
TI  - Orthodontics in general practice. The case for early assessment: 2. Treatment
      with specialist support.

PMID- 3861430
TI  - Lingual infarction in cranial arteritis.

PMID- 3861432
TI  - Dental syndromes in medical genetics.

PMID- 3861431
TI  - The tongue. 2. Developmental anomalies and coated tongue.

PMID- 3861433
TI  - Loss of substance of dental composite restorations.

PMID- 3861434
TI  - Oxide adherence to a Ni-Cr-Mo ternary alloy.

PMID- 3861435
TI  - Frictional effects between natural teeth in an artificial mouth.

PMID- 3861436
TI  - Infrared spectral analysis of EBA-hexyl vanillate-ZnO cement.

PMID- 3861437
TI  - Infrared spectral kinetic analysis of EBA-HV-ZnO cements.

PMID- 3861439
TI  - Effect of zinc in two non-gamma-2 dental amalgam systems.

PMID- 3861438
TI  - In vitro enamel fluoride uptake from topical fluoride agents.

PMID- 3861440
TI  - Vesiculo-bullous lesions.

PMID- 3861441
TI  - Vital root submersion: an adjunct for conventional complete denture therapy for
      the sick and the elderly patient.

PMID- 3861442
TI  - Intra-oral effects of drugs in elderly persons.

PMID- 3861443
TI  - Diet and aging: current concerns related to oral health.

PMID- 3861444
TI  - Dental need among hospice patients in Colorado: a pilot study.

PMID- 3861445
TI  - Tooth shade preferences in older patients.

PMID- 3861446
TI  - Comparing treatment decisions for elderly and young dental patients.

PMID- 3861447
TI  - Private dental practice response to barriers to access: the elderly.

PMID- 3861448
TI  - Liposarcoma arising from the cheek of the aged: report of a case and review of
      the literature.

PMID- 3861449
TI  - Bases, liners, and varnishes: interviews with contemporary authorities.

PMID- 3861450
TI  - Occlusal therapy to correct apertognathia after mandibular osteotomy.

PMID- 3861452
TI  - An analysis of pantomographs from U.S. Air Force recruits.

PMID- 3861451
TI  - Patient perceptions of failure to achieve optimal local anesthesia.

PMID- 3861453
TI  - Dentists' perceptions of the elderly.

PMID- 3861454
TI  - Amalgam restoration of a palatogingival groove.

PMID- 3861455
TI  - Ulcerated mass on lip.

PMID- 3861456
TI  - Prophylactic antibiotic coverage in dentistry: a survey of need for prosthetic
      joints.

PMID- 3861457
TI  - Care delivery in a university geriatric dental program.

PMID- 3861458
TI  - Bifurcated palatal sinus tract.

PMID- 3861459
TI  - Surgical retraction for subgingival Class V restorations.

PMID- 3861460
TI  - Talking and blood pressure during dental treatment.

PMID- 3861461
TI  - The stabilized double-pin splint.

PMID- 3861462
TI  - Orthodontic extrusion of a canine root with a closed-coil orthodontic spring.

PMID- 3861463
TI  - Composite-resin restoration of a posterior tooth.

PMID- 3861464
TI  - Pigmented mass in cheek.

PMID- 3861465
TI  - Loss of facial pigmentation.

PMID- 3861467
TI  - The five keys to facial beauty and TMJ health.

PMID- 3861466
TI  - Effects of bile salts and prostaglandins on sodium transport in isolated rat
      gastric mucosa.
AB  - To determine whether prostaglandins may protect against bile salt inhibition of
      ion transport in the stomach, gastric mucosal tissue was isolated from the rat
      and mounted in flux chambers. Transport of Na+ was traced with radioisotopes in
      the absence of bile salts and then in the presence of conjugated taurocholate or
      unconjugated deoxycholate at low, intermediate and high mucosal concentrations
      (1, 5 and 15 mmol/1). At a high (7.40) or low (3.4) mucosal pH, only the
      unconjugated deoxycholate inhibited active Na+ transport from mucosa to submucosa
      with respect to untreated controls. Inhibition of Na+ transport was apparent at a
      low level of deoxycholate, which also inhibited the electrical potential
      difference. Intermediate and high levels of deoxycholate lowered the tissue
      resistance. When the tissues were exposed to mucosal prostaglandin E2 or its
      16,16-dimethyl analogue before and during acidified taurocholate administration,
      Na+ transport was not changed significantly but the electrical resistance
      remained high. Thus, unconjugated bile salt is more potent than conjugated bile
      salt in inhibiting Na+ transport and breaking the gastric mucosal barrier, and
      prostaglandins may afford some small protection.

PMID- 3861468
TI  - The use of a remoldable appliance for diagnosis and treatment of craniomandibular
      disorders: two case reports.

PMID- 3861469
TI  - Grumzat intermediary appliance.

PMID- 3861470
TI  - Functional treatment of the Class III malocclusion.

PMID- 3861471
TI  - The face and functional jaw orthopedics. Part 1: Patient cooperation.

PMID- 3861472
TI  - An experimental study on the effects of the MORA on football players.

PMID- 3861474
TI  - Oncogenetic aspects of chronic myelocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3861473
TI  - Ulcerative colitis and HLA phenotype.
AB  - The distribution of HLA A, B, C, DR antigens was investigated in a British
      population with ulcerative colitis. Fifty six patients were typed for HLA, A, B,
      C and 46 additionally for DR. No association was found between the HLA phenotype
      and the presence or absence of ulcerative colitis. Serum from 52 patients was
      tested for the presence of the anticolon antibody. There was no relation between
      the presence of the antibody and the HLA phenotype. Finally, no correlation was
      found between the HLA phenotypes, the age of onset of the disease, the extent and
      the clinical course.

PMID- 3861475
TI  - Association between the Philadelphia chromosome and a unique abl transcript.

PMID- 3861476
TI  - Somatic N-ras oncogene activation in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3861477
TI  - Behavior of human leukemic progenitor populations in long-term marrow culture.

PMID- 3861478
TI  - Ultrastructural analysis of normal and leukaemic cells by the immunogold method
      and monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3861479
TI  - Analysis of leukemic cells with monoclonal antibodies in acute myelomonocytic
      leukemia suggests abnormality at an early differentiation stage in certain cases.

PMID- 3861480
TI  - Nonspecific cross-reacting antigen as a marker of myelocytic leukemias in
      individual stages of myelocytic cell differentiation.

PMID- 3861481
TI  - Plasminogen activator as a prognostic factor in hematological malignancies.

PMID- 3861482
TI  - Immune status of leukemia patients.

PMID- 3861483
TI  - Chromosome alterations in oncogenesis.

PMID- 3861484
TI  - Vitamin D: myeloid differentiation and proliferation.

PMID- 3861485
TI  - Changes in isoenzyme patterns expressed by the erythroleukemia cell lines K-562
      and HEL after induction of differentiation.

PMID- 3861486
TI  - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the human
      leukemic cell line K562.

PMID- 3861487
TI  - Risk groups in a multicenter pilot study for treatment of acute lymphoblastic and
      acute undifferentiated leukemia in adults.

PMID- 3861488
TI  - Killer cells in leukemia.

PMID- 3861490
TI  - Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome by low dose
      cytosine arabinoside.

PMID- 3861489
TI  - The feasibility of opal/high dose Ara-C treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic
      leukaemia.

PMID- 3861492
TI  - Adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia at University Hospital, Malaysia.

PMID- 3861491
TI  - The results of high risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
      total therapy.

PMID- 3861493
TI  - Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood: a report for the ALL 77
      02 group.

PMID- 3861494
TI  - Recent results from Total Therapy Study X for standard and high risk acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia in children: recognition of new clinical and biologic risk
      features.

PMID- 3861496
TI  - [The forensic responsibility of the physician].

PMID- 3861495
TI  - [Information, errors and dangers in oro-maxillo-facial surgery. Detection and
      treatment].

PMID- 3861497
TI  - [Prevention of unwanted results in osteosynthesis of the maxilla within the scope
      of orthodontic surgery].

PMID- 3861498
TI  - [Insufficient results following Le Fort III osteotomy and their prevention by
      double stage mid-face mobilization].

PMID- 3861499
TI  - [Decreasing the danger of recurrence following operative correction of open
      bite].

PMID- 3861500
TI  - [Can permanent hearing damage following mid-face osteotomies be prevented?].

PMID- 3861501
TI  - [Complications in the operative treatment of mandibular fractures].

PMID- 3861502
TI  - [Staged informing of the patient in oro-maxillo-facial surgery].

PMID- 3861503
TI  - [Prevention of postoperative damage by intra- or extraoral approach to mandibular
      fractures].

PMID- 3861504
TI  - [Articular occlusion problems in plate osteosynthesis].

PMID- 3861505
TI  - [Failures in the operative care of mandibular fractures with Kirschner wires and
      their treatment].

PMID- 3861506
TI  - [Prevention of dish face in the care of mid-face fractures. Treatment principles
      and their indications from the current viewpoint].

PMID- 3861507
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of typical errors in the therapy of lateral mid-face
      fractures].

PMID- 3861508
TI  - [Complications and sequelae in crush fractures of the mid-face and frontal bone].

PMID- 3861509
TI  - [Visual cortex infarct as a cause of homonymous hemianopsia following malar bone
      reposition].

PMID- 3861510
TI  - [Post-traumatic iatrogenic eyeball rotation. Development and reposition].

PMID- 3861512
TI  - [For and against the Abbe-plasty].

PMID- 3861511
TI  - [Treatment of unwanted results in cheiloplasty in cleft formations].

PMID- 3861513
TI  - [Prevention of errors in the operative correction of nose deformities in cleft
      patients].

PMID- 3861514
TI  - [Prevention of valopharyngeal insufficiency following palatoplasty by velopharynx
      adhesion].

PMID- 3861515
TI  - [Unwanted results in craniofacial surgery].

PMID- 3861517
TI  - [Complications and sequelae of early childhood treatment of hemangiomas in the
      maxillofacial area].

PMID- 3861516
TI  - [Preoperative information to the patient before maxillary surgery interventions
      based on a standardized procedure].

PMID- 3861518
TI  - [Significance of arthrography and integrated electromyography for the
      determination of indications in temporomandibular joint surgery].

PMID- 3861519
TI  - [Problems in free tissue transplantation with microsurgical revascularization].

PMID- 3861520
TI  - [Complications of microvascular small intestine transplantation as a principle
      for improving operative technic].

PMID- 3861521
TI  - [Prevention of complications in myocutaneous pectoralis flaps].

PMID- 3861522
TI  - [Is operative seeding of tumor cells possible or preventable?].

PMID- 3861523
TI  - [Errors in intra-arterial chemotherapy].

PMID- 3861524
TI  - [Peritumor interstitial double nuclide-double compound lymphoscintigraphy in the
      noninvasive detection of lymphatic metastases in tumors in the area of the face,
      skull and mouth cavities].

PMID- 3861525
TI  - [Legal decisions in iatrogenic damage in oro-maxillo-facial surgery].

PMID- 3861526
TI  - [Treatment of iatrogenic thoracic duct lesions].

PMID- 3861527
TI  - [Clinico-experimental studies on the prevention of a long-term pain syndrome
      following maxillary sinus operations].

PMID- 3861528
TI  - [Treatment and prevention of neuralgiform pains following facial fenestration of
      the maxillary sinus].

PMID- 3861530
TI  - [Legal decisions in surgery-induced nerve lesions of the maxillofacial area].

PMID- 3861529
TI  - [Treatment of chronic pain conditions as operative sequelae].

PMID- 3861531
TI  - [Operative treatment of patients at risk].

PMID- 3861532
TI  - [Aspiration in operative interventions].

PMID- 3861533
TI  - [The phantom tooth--a complication?].

PMID- 3861534
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of unwanted results in tooth root fractures].

PMID- 3861535
TI  - [Treatment of postsurgical bone infections].

PMID- 3861536
TI  - [The responsibility of the physician to inform the patient, from the
      jurisprudence viewpoint].

PMID- 3861537
TI  - [Unwanted late results following augmentative alveolar ridge-plasty of the
      mandible using autologous rib transplants].

PMID- 3861538
TI  - [Causes, prevention and therapy of postoperative function disorders of the chin
      musculature].

PMID- 3861539
TI  - [Clinically relevant oral anatomy of the lingual nerve].

PMID- 3861540
TI  - [Causes of injury to the lingual nerve in the operative extraction of the lower
      wisdom teeth--chances for reconstruction].

PMID- 3861541
TI  - [Results following surgical therapy of injuries of the inferior alveolar, lingual
      and facial nerves].

PMID- 3861542
TI  - [Physician liability and associated problems].

PMID- 3861543
TI  - [Effect of operative technic on the development of postoperative facial paralysis
      and the auriculotemporal syndrome in parotid surgery].

PMID- 3861544
TI  - [Sparing of the accessory nerve in radical neck dissection].

PMID- 3861545
TI  - [Operative interventions of the lateral area of the neck in relation to paralysis
      of the accessory nerve].

PMID- 3861546
TI  - [Sensation disorders of the lateral cutaneous femoral neck following ilial chip
      removal].

PMID- 3861547
TI  - [Unwanted effects of corrective rhinoplasties].

PMID- 3861548
TI  - [Prevention of alien changes of facial expression in rhinoplasty].

PMID- 3861549
TI  - [A method for the prevention of supratip swelling following esthetic
      rhinoplasty].

PMID- 3861550
TI  - [Morphologic studies on the problem of scar formation in the oro-maxillo-facial
      region].

PMID- 3861551
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of unwanted results and complications in standard
      orthodontic operations].

PMID- 3861552
TI  - [Complication rate as a selection criterion in orthodontic operations].

PMID- 3861553
TI  - [Infection and pseudarthrosis as complications following selective ramus
      osteotomies].

PMID- 3861554
TI  - [Informing the patient in operative medicine].

PMID- 3861555
TI  - [Does oblique osteotomy in the mandibular branch have advantages in relation to
      damage of the mandibular nerve in comparison to other osteotomies?].

PMID- 3861556
TI  - [Conventional radiologic and computer tomography control of the condyle position
      following sagittal mandibular osteotomy].

PMID- 3861557
TI  - [Complications in prognathism operations (following the method of labial pedicled
      anterior maxilla fragment) and their prevention].

PMID- 3861558
TI  - [Cause and prevention of recurrences following Le Fort I osteotomies in cleft
      patients].

PMID- 3861560
TI  - [Work of the dentist in 1965 and today (II)].

PMID- 3861559
TI  - [Work of the dentist in 1965 and today (I)].

PMID- 3861561
TI  - [A boom of new journals--and no end?].

PMID- 3861562
TI  - [Sensible hygiene measures in dental practice for infection prevention].

PMID- 3861563
TI  - JCAH outlines records requirements for ambulatory surgery.

PMID- 3861564
TI  - Recurrent mutation pressure does not explain the prevalence of the marker (X)
      syndrome.
AB  - In order to test the hypothesis that the high prevalence of the mar(X) syndrome
      is caused by a high mutation rate in male germ cells only, the fraction of new
      mutants among mothers of probands in 112 informative families has been examined
      by segregation analysis among their brothers and sisters. The estimated fraction
      of new mutants among these mothers is much lower than expected if a stable
      equilibrium existed between an unusually high mutation rate and a selective
      disadvantage of mentally retarded, male and female mar(X) carriers. Hence, the
      above-mentioned hypothesis could not be confirmed.

PMID- 3861565
TI  - Origin of human triosephosphate isomerase isozymes: further evidence for the
      single structural locus hypothesis with Japanese variants.
AB  - Four electrophoretic variants of human erythrocyte triosephosphate isomerase
      (TPI) have been studied to investigate the origin of the multiple forms of human
      TPI, in particular the constitutive TPI-B isozyme and the cell division
      associated TPI-A isozyme. The variant phenotype expressed by the constitutive TPI
      B isozyme in both erythrocytes and peripheral lymphocytes was also expressed by
      the cell division-associated isozymes in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes and hair
      root cells. These results strongly support the hypothesis of Decker and
      Mohrenweiser (1981) that TPI-B and TPI-A originated from the same structural
      gene. We also found that the isozyme e is different from TPI-A with respect to
      both its electrophoretic mobility and heat stability. This finding is in contrast
      to the recent conclusion of Yuan et al. (1981) that both the isozyme e and TPI-A
      are deamidation products of TPI-B.

PMID- 3861566
TI  - Probable assignment of soluble isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) to 2q33.3.
AB  - Gene dosage effects for soluble isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) were investigated
      in four unrelated cases with abnormalities involving the long arm of chromosome
      2. Case 1 was trisomic for 2q33.3----qter, Case 2 monosomic for 2q33.3----q35,
      Case 3 trisomic for 2q11.2----q24.2, and Case 4 monosomic for 2q23----q24.2.
      These abnormalities were de novo except in Case 1, where trisomy 2q resulted from
      a maternal translocation. The red cell IDH1 levels were significantly reduced in
      Cases 1 (41.4% of normal value) and 2 (51.9%), while they were normal in Cases 3
      and 4. The low IDH1 level also in the father of Case 1 (43.6%), together with the
      common electrophoretic phenotype of IDH1 in red cells as well as leukocytes, led
      us to suppose that Case 1 was really heterozygous for common and probable null
      alleles, and that the IDH1 gene locus could be excluded from 2q33.3----qter. On
      the other hand, normal IDH1 values in the parents of Case 2 were consistent with
      the hemizygosity for this locus in Case 2. The results suggested that the IDH1
      locus could be assigned to the 2q33.3 band, especially the proximal portion of
      it.

PMID- 3861567
TI  - Maturational changes in alveolar bone of adult rats.

PMID- 3861568
TI  - Dental care for the elderly.

PMID- 3861570
TI  - The medical consultation.

PMID- 3861569
TI  - DR antigens and Bf allotypes in north-east England.
AB  - In the population of north-east England gene frequencies of DR antigens and Bf
      alleles were investigated. The available data from Britain were examined for
      genetic heterogeneity.

PMID- 3861571
TI  - Dentistry--its dynamics and dentistry.

PMID- 3861572
TI  - The disease concept of alcoholism.

PMID- 3861573
TI  - High blood pressure--knowing some of its causes may save your life!

PMID- 3861574
TI  - Preliminary investigations of the cutting ability and the dimensional properties
      of the tips of root canal instruments.

PMID- 3861575
TI  - Typing for HLA class II at the product level.
AB  - Class II antigens were isolated from consanguineous homozygous typing cells by
      sequential immunoprecipitation with the MoAbs: 7.3.19.1 (anti-DRw52-like),
      B.8.11.2 (anti-DR backbone) and 7.5.10.1 (anti-HLA class II backbone). Depending
      on the DR serotype of the cell line used, two or three families of class II
      antigens could be isolated [1]. For each homozygous typing cell the different
      families of class II antigens were analysed on 1D-IEF gels. Charge heterogeneity
      showed that the different haplotypes are distinct in electrophoretic beta chain
      patterns. For each homozygous typing cell at least one beta chain was observed
      that possessed a haplotype unique pI. This means that typing for HLA class II at
      the product level is possible.

PMID- 3861576
TI  - Molecular evidence for five distinct MHC class II alpha genes in the rabbit.
AB  - Human HLA class II gene probes were used to identify five distinct genes encoding
      the class II heavy chain (alpha chain) in the rabbit. The rabbit genes were
      defined by both mapping data and hybridization studies of genomic clones derived
      from the inbred B/J rabbit strain. Analysis of the clones by hybridization at
      graded stringencies indicated that one group of clones corresponded to HLA-DR,
      one group to HLA-DQ, and two groups to HLA-DP. Clones within a fifth group,
      designated DN, hybridized weakly to HLA-DR and may carry a fourth species of
      class II alpha genes in the rabbit. Clones within the group showing high homology
      to HLA-DR alpha were found to also contain sequences hybridizing with a probe for
      HLA-DR beta. No HLA-DP, -DQ, or -DR beta sequences were detected in any of the
      other class II alpha clones. Distinct banding patterns observed in Southern blot
      analyses using either human or rabbit class II alpha probes revealed restriction
      fragment length polymorphism for the different rabbit haplotypes studied. The DN,
      DQ, and DR alpha genes appear to be present as single copies whereas there are
      two distinct DP-like genes in the rabbit.

PMID- 3861578
TI  - [Geographic tongue (exfoliation of areas of the tongue)].

PMID- 3861579
TI  - [Should maximum allowable dosage concern us?].

PMID- 3861577
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors on the renin-angiotensin system and
      renal function.
AB  - Equal doses (8 mg/kg) of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs indomethacin,
      naproxen, and sulindac and a large dose of sulindac (32 mg/kg) were administered
      intragastrically to conscious rats after a normal sodium diet, furosemide
      stimulation, and a low sodium diet for 8 days. Indomethacin, naproxen, and the
      high dose sulindac (32 mg/kg) decreased urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion
      significantly under all experimental conditions. Sulindac (8 mg/kg) suppressed
      prostaglandin E2 excretion after the normal and low sodium diets but not after
      furosemide stimulation. Indomethacin decreased plasma active renin levels under
      all three experimental conditions. In rats receiving a normal sodium diet,
      indomethacin did not affect free water clearance or renal function; however,
      after furosemide stimulation or a low sodium diet, indomethacin caused a
      significant reduction of free water clearance and glomerular filtration rate.
      Naproxen and sulindac (8 mg/kg) did not suppress active renin under any of the
      experimental conditions. However, naproxen and sulindac caused a significant
      reduction in free water clearance and glomerular filtration rate after furosemide
      stimulation and a low sodium diet. Indomethacin, naproxen, and the high dose
      sulindac suppressed renal prostaglandin E2 excretion under all experimental
      conditions. Renal prostaglandin E2 does not appear to be necessary for active
      renin secretion. Indomethacin is the most potent inhibitor of active renin and,
      therefore, most likely to cause hyporeninemia. Volume depletion appeared to
      sensitize the kidney to the adverse effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
      drugs.

PMID- 3861580
TI  - [Precancerous conditions of the oral mucosa. Biopsy and sampling methods].

PMID- 3861581
TI  - [Evaluation of an ultrasonic tray for cleaning removable dental prosthetics].

PMID- 3861582
TI  - [Dento-maxillofacial radiology in dentistry. Criteria for radiographic quality in
      dentistry and its relation to technics].

PMID- 3861583
TI  - [Location of various infiltration sites in dental anesthesia. Demonstration of
      their accuracy].

PMID- 3861584
TI  - [Inlays and onlays. Clinical trial with nonprecious alloys].

PMID- 3861585
TI  - [An original technic for mandibular anesthesia. The Akinosi method].

PMID- 3861586
TI  - [Experimental study of the behavior of a chromium-cobalt alloy during fracture
      fatigue].

PMID- 3861587
TI  - Antibacterial activity of dental restorative materials.

PMID- 3861588
TI  - Leakage evaluation in vitro of the root canal sealer cement Sealapex.

PMID- 3861589
TI  - Biological evaluation of absorbent paper points.

PMID- 3861590
TI  - Antibacterial activity in paper points for endodontic therapy.

PMID- 3861591
TI  - The effects in vitro of zinc released from dental restorative materials.

PMID- 3861592
TI  - Measurements of the root surface temperature during thermo-mechanical root canal
      filling in vitro.

PMID- 3861593
TI  - A clinical study using automated instrumentation in root canal therapy.

PMID- 3861594
TI  - Obesity in women in an urban Trinidadian community. Prevalence and associated
      characteristics.
AB  - Triceps skinfold, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood glucose
      concentration and serum lipoprotein concentrations were measured in 590 (80
      percent) of 738 women aged 35-69 years resident within a defined area of Port-of
      Spain, Trinidad. A triceps skinfold of 32 mm or more (the 70th percentile of
      overall distribution) was found in 36 percent of women of African descent and 28
      percent of women of other ethnic origin. Respective figures for a BMI of 30.0
      kg/m2 or more were 32 percent and 27 percent at ages 40 to 64 years. Obesity was
      associated with an increase in blood pressure, increased fasting blood glucose,
      LDL cholesterol and VLDL triglyceride concentrations, and a reduction in HDL
      cholesterol concentration. Obese women had an increased tendency to a history of
      early menarche, multiparity and children of high birthweight. These findings
      suggested that, irrespective of ethnic origins, the effects of obesity on health
      in this female population resembled those in white N. American women.

PMID- 3861595
TI  - Opposite effects of a glucocorticoid and an immunostimulating agent on
      prostaglandin production by two different cell types.
AB  - Studies were performed to investigate the effects of several agents known to
      modulate wound healing on prostaglandin production by mouse embryo fibroblasts
      and adult thymic phagocytic cells in culture. Dexamethasone (10(-6)M) induced in
      both cell types a significant inhibition of the production of PGE2 and 6 keto
      PGF1 alpha, and a moderate inhibition of PGF2 alpha. Using an antiglucocorticoid
      compound, RU 38486, we were able to demonstrate that the inhibition of PG
      secretion represents a classical receptor-mediated effect of the steroid. In
      contrast, LPS and RU 41740 (5 micrograms/ml) induced a significant stimulation of
      PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha secretion in the two types of cells. These results
      suggest that agents which modulate in different ways the process of tissue repair
      have opposite effects on PG production by cells involved in inflammatory and/or
      immunological reactions.

PMID- 3861596
TI  - Denture identification: a public service.

PMID- 3861597
TI  - The use of bolus normal saline instillations in artificial airways: is it useful
      or necessary?

PMID- 3861598
TI  - Early onset of daunomycin cardiotoxicity in a case of acute myelogeneous leukemia
      associated with Sweet's syndrome.

PMID- 3861599
TI  - Ultrastructural patterns of the alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase activity in
      normal and leukaemic peripheral blood leucocytes.
AB  - The activity of alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase was investigated at the
      ultrastructural level in normal human peripheral blood and in a few cases of
      hairy cell leukaemia, B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and acute monocytic
      leukaemia. A membrane reactivity was detected in most normal monocytes and
      lymphocytes. The activity in monocytes was very strong and was inhibited by NaF.
      It was NaF-resistant and less intense in lymphocytes. The reaction product was
      localized in the cytoplasm only in a small percentage of lymphocytes. In
      lymphocytes and monoblasts from pathological samples the pattern of reactivity
      was similar to that found in their normal counterparts, except for a lower
      intensity. The hairy cells showed a discrete distribution of the NaF-resistant
      reaction product on their cell surface. The different patterns of enzyme
      distribution are discussed critically.

PMID- 3861600
TI  - Osteosarcoma of the patella in a dog.
AB  - Osteosarcoma of the patella was diagnosed by biopsy in a 9-year-old, male dog of
      mixed breeding. The dog was originally examined because of intermittent lameness
      of the left hindlimb; there were minimal palpable abnormalities of the stifle.
      After the diagnosis, the owner refused further treatment for the dog. The dog was
      reexamined 13 months later because of a marked swelling of the stifle. The dog
      was euthanatized and necropsy findings confirmed the diagnosis.

PMID- 3861601
TI  - Myelodysplastic changes in a cat with myelomonocytic leukemia.
AB  - A cat had clinical and pathologic features similar to those of human subacute
      myelomonocytic leukemia. Studies involved cytologic, histologic, and cytochemical
      techniques. Findings included macrocytic nonregenerative anemia, monocytosis,
      thrombocytopenia, hyperproliferative bone marrow, and myelodysplasia typified by
      hypersegmented neutrophils and micromegakaryocytes.

PMID- 3861602
TI  - Hemothorax associated with telangiectatic osteosarcoma in a dog.
AB  - Hemothorax in a dog was attributed to bleeding from an intrathoracic mass
      attached to the sixth through the tenth ribs. The mass contained numerous
      cavernous, blood-filled spaces as well as bands of osteoid and occasional foci of
      osseous tissue. The diagnosis was telangiectatic osteosarcoma. Telangiectatic
      osteosarcoma is an uncommon variant of osteosarcoma. Cavernous, blood-filled
      spaces and paucity of bone are important histologic features. Metastasis was
      described in one of the seven telangiectatic osteosarcomas reported in dogs, and
      none was found in this case.

PMID- 3861603
TI  - New anthracycline glycosides obtained by the nitrous acid deamination of
      daunorubicin, doxorubicin and their configurational analogues.
AB  - The new anthracyclines 7-O-(2,3,5-trideoxy-3-C-formyl-alpha-L-threo
      pentofuranosyl)daunomyci none (8) and -adriamycinone (10) have been obtained upon
      nitrous acid deamination of daunorubicin and doxorubicin respectively.
      Deamination of the L-ribo analogue of daunorubicin (6) gave a mixture of 2,3,6
      trideoxy-L-glycero-hexopyranosid-4-ulose (alpha-L-cinerulosyl) (11) and 2,6
      dideoxy-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl (12) glycosides. The corresponding
      adriamycinone glycosides 13 and 14, obtained by deamination of the doxorubicin L
      ribo analogue 7, were found to display an outstanding antileukemic activity in
      mice.

PMID- 3861604
TI  - The comparative in-vitro activity of cefotetan against anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - The in-vitro activity of cefotetan, a new cephamycin, was assessed against a
      total of 336 strains of anaerobic bacteria by means of an agar dilution procedure
      and compared with that of cefoxitin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, clindamycin and
      metronidazole. Overall clindamycin and metronidazole were the most active of the
      test compounds. Cefotetan showed good activity against anaerobic cocci and
      clostridia, except for Clostridium difficile (MIC90 = 16 mg/l), although it was
      comparatively less active than the other beta-lactams against anaerobic cocci. In
      the case of the Gram-negative anaerobes, cefotetan showed moderate activity
      comparable to that of cefoxitin; against the 120 test strains of Bacteroides
      fragilis both cefotetan and cefoxitin were markedly more active than the
      penicillins. In studies with antibiotic combinations, cefotetan + cefsulodin
      showed marked synergy (FIC index less than 0.3) against the majority of strains
      of Bact. fragilis tested.

PMID- 3861605
TI  - Enoxacin treatment of urinary tract infections.
AB  - We treated 20 patients with urinary tract infections with enoxacin, a new
      nalidixic acid analogue, in an open uncontrolled trial. Twelve of 13 patients
      with covert bacteriuria or cystitis and four of seven patients with
      pyelonephritis were cured. Two treatment failures occurred in patients with
      complicated infections. Nine patients reported mild side-effects.

PMID- 3861606
TI  - In-vitro activity of Sch 34343 against anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - The in-vitro activity of Sch 34343, was compared with that of imipenem against
      226 strains of anaerobic bacteria. Sch 34343 was identical in activity to
      imipenem, inhibiting 99.5% of the organisms tested at 16 mg/l (the breakpoint for
      both drugs). Imipenem was slightly more active than Sch 34343 against
      Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and Veillonella, although both drugs inhibited all
      organisms in these groups below breakpoint levels.

PMID- 3861607
TI  - Bradykinin-induced chemoreflexes from skeletal muscle: implications for the
      exercise reflex.
AB  - We examined the cardiovascular response to bradykinin stimulation of skeletal
      muscle afferents and the effect of prostaglandins on this response. Intra
      arterial injection of 1 microgram bradykinin into the gracilis muscle of cats
      reflexly increased mean arterial pressure by 16 +/- 2 mmHg, left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure by 1.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg, maximal dP/dt by 785 +/- 136 mmHg/s,
      heart rate by 11 +/- 2 beats/min, and mean aortic flow by 22 +/- 3 ml/min. The
      hemodynamic responses were abolished following denervation of the gracilis
      muscle. The increases in mean arterial pressure and maximal dP/dt were reduced by
      68 and 45%, respectively, following inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with
      indomethacin (2-8 mg/kg iv). Treatment with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 15-25
      micrograms ia) restored the initial increase in mean arterial pressure, but not
      dP/dt, caused by bradykinin stimulation. Injection of PGE2 (15-30 micrograms ia)
      into the gracilis, without prior treatment with indomethacin, augmented the
      bradykinin-induced increases in mean arterial pressure and dP/dt. We conclude
      that small doses of bradykinin injected into skeletal muscle are capable of
      reflexly activating the cardiovascular system and that prostaglandins are
      necessary for the full manifestation of the corresponding hemodynamic response.
      The pattern of hemodynamic adjustment following bradykinin injection into
      skeletal muscle is very similar to that induced by static exercise. Therefore, it
      is possible that intense exercise provides a stimulus for this bradykinin-induced
      reflex in vivo.

PMID- 3861608
TI  - Biosynthesis of polymyxin E by a cell-free enzyme system. IV. Acylation of enzyme
      bound L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid.
AB  - An enzyme fraction, which catalyzes the ATP-PPi exchange reaction dependent on
      the three constituent amino acids of polymyxin E, was partially purified from
      crude extracts of Aerobacillus polyaerogenes. The approximate molecular weight
      was estimated to be 640,000 by Sepharose 4B gel filtration. Incubation of the
      enzyme with octanoyl coenzyme A and diaminobutyric acid in the presence of ATP
      and an ammonium sulfate fraction yielded octanoyldiaminobutyric acid
      thioesterified to the enzyme protein. On mild alkali treatment,
      octanoyldiaminobutyric acid, identified by paper chromatography, was released
      from the enzyme protein. From its acid hydrolyzate, diaminobutyric acid and
      octanoic acid were recovered in a molar ratio of 1 to 0.7. An ammonium sulfate
      fraction was required as the source of an acyltransferase for acylation of the
      enzyme-bound diaminobutyric acid. When [14C]-threonine was incubated with L-2,4
      diaminobutyric acid in the presence of octanoyl coenzyme A,
      octanoyldiaminobutyrylthreonine bound to the enzyme protein was formed. These
      results suggest that acyldiaminobutyric acid bound to the enzyme protein is a
      possible initiation complex in the biosynthesis of polymyxin E.

PMID- 3861609
TI  - Detection of beta-globin mRNA precursor in heterogeneous nuclear
      ribonucleoprotein associated with U1-RNP by using anti-RNP antibody.
AB  - Heterogeneous nuclear RNA-ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) fractions were isolated from
      Friend erythroleukemia cells and separated by 15-45% sucrose gradient
      centrifugation. The distribution of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) in hnRNP
      fractions indicated that the snRNAs are associated with hnRNP particles. HnRNP
      fractions were incubated with normal IgG or anti-U1 RNP IgG, and the resulting
      immunocomplexes were isolated by binding to a protein A-Sepharose column. HnRNP
      was found in bound fractions only when anti-U1 RNP IgG was used. By Northern
      hybridization of RNA extracted from the immunocomplexes with a beta-globin
      genomic DNA probe, 15S beta-globin mRNA precursors and 10S mature mRNA were
      detected. These findings suggest the existence of a complex of U1 RNP particles
      and hnRNP particles containing beta-globin pre-mRNA.

PMID- 3861610
TI  - Biosynthesis of the major human red cell sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin A. O
      Glycosylation.
AB  - The biosynthesis of the major human red cell sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin A,
      was studied in the erythroleukemia cell line K562 with emphasis on O
      glycosylation. The cells were pulse-chase labeled with [35S] methionine, and
      either directly immune precipitated with anti-glycophorin A antiserum or
      detergent-solubilized extracts first passed through columns containing the N
      acetylgalactosamine-specific lectin from Helix pomatia or the glucose/mannose
      specific lectin from lentil beans. From the sugar-eluted fractions anti
      glycophorin A antiserum was used to identify precursor molecules. After 5 min of
      labeling the first glycophorin A precursors were seen. The largest had an
      apparent molecular weight of 37,000, and bound to lentil lectin-Sepharose, but
      not to H. pomatia lectin-Sepharose. The lentil lectin-reactive glycophorin A
      molecules increased to Mr = 39,000 during chase and obtained sialic acids after 9
      min of chase reflecting terminal N- and O-glycosylation. After 5-6 min of
      labeling two H. pomatia-interacting glycophorin A precursors with apparent
      molecular weights of 24,000 and 30,000 were obtained. These did not bind to
      lentil lectin-Sepharose. During chase also these molecules increased in size to
      Mr = 39,000. The immune precipitation of all antiglycophorin A-reactive precursor
      molecules was inhibited by purified red cell glycophorin A. The carboxylic
      ionophore, monensin, caused the accumulation of incompletely O-glycosylated
      glycophorin A molecules, which bound to H. pomatia lectin-Sepharose. These were
      degraded by treatment with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H reflecting
      incomplete processing of the N-glycosidic oligosaccharide.

PMID- 3861611
TI  - The genetics of Graves' disease: HLA and disease susceptibility.
AB  - To relate genetic variation in Graves' disease (GD) susceptibility to
      polymorphism at MHC loci, clinical and family studies were undertaken in eastern
      Hungary. Among 1980 relatives of 534 index patients, 2.9% of siblings, 2.7% of
      offspring, and 3.0% of parents had GD. HLA haplotype combinations in affected
      sibling pairs were determined in the present data and combined with data in the
      literature (12 sibling pairs from Farid 1981, 12 from Chan et al. 1980, and 15
      from Sasazuki et al. 1983); 43, 23, and 1 affected sibling pairs shared,
      respectively, 2, 1, and 0 HLA haplotypes. This distribution is inconsistent with
      simple dominant inheritance, but is consistent with simple recessive inheritance
      of HLA-related susceptibility over a range of gene frequencies (0.2-0.4). A
      frequency of 0.3 gives the best fit and is consistent with penetrance of 7.1% for
      the recessive susceptibility genotype; the data, however, can accommodate
      penetrance values up to 16%. The distribution of HLA haplotypes in 33 families
      related disease susceptibility more strongly to DR than to other loci. The
      distribution of HLA-B8 genotypes in 256 patients was in close agreement with
      Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium proportions, also favoring recessive inheritance of
      MHC-related susceptibility. The probability that an individual will be affected
      with GD can be predicted, based on sex, HLA genotype, and family history. For
      example, 14.9% of DR3-positive women with an affected first degree relative are
      likely to be affected. These predictions can be tested as family data accumulate.

PMID- 3861612
TI  - Proposed disk diffusion susceptibility criteria for ofloxacin.
AB  - Disk diffusion zone diameter breakpoint criteria for ofloxacin were tentatively
      established by correlating MICs with 1-, 3-, and 5-micrograms disk inhibitory
      zone diameters for 638 bacterial isolates representing 36 species. We recommend
      use of 5-micrograms disks with the following breakpoints: susceptible (MIC, less
      than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml), greater than or equal to 16 mm; intermediate
      (MIC, 4.0 micrograms/ml), 13 to 15 mm; and resistant (MIC, greater than or equal
      to 8.0 micrograms/ml), less than or equal to 12 mm.

PMID- 3861613
TI  - A bidimensional edgewise technique.

PMID- 3861614
TI  - Crozat principles and technique.

PMID- 3861615
TI  - Analytical orthodontic computer programs.

PMID- 3861616
TI  - Root realignment in furcation-involved teeth.

PMID- 3861618
TI  - Molar-to-molar mandibular retainer.

PMID- 3861617
TI  - Orthodontic economic index--1985.

PMID- 3861619
TI  - Bimler therapy. Part 1. Bimler cephalometric analysis.

PMID- 3861620
TI  - Topical fluoride therapy.

PMID- 3861621
TI  - Excess purine degradation in exercising muscles of patients with glycogen storage
      disease types V and VII.
AB  - To investigate purine catabolism in exercising muscles of patients with muscle
      glycogen storage disease, we performed ischemic forearm exercise tests and
      quantitated metabolites appearing in cubital venous blood. Two patients with
      glycogen storage disease type V and three with glycogen storage disease type VII
      participated in this study. Basal lactate concentrations lowered in every patient
      with glycogen storage disease type V or type VII. Two patients with glycogen
      storage disease type VII, who had markedly elevated concentrations of serum uric
      acid (14.3 and 11.9 mg/dl, respectively), showed high basal concentrations of
      ammonia (118 and 79 mumol/liter, respectively; 23 +/- 4 mumol/liter in healthy
      controls) and of hypoxanthine (23.4 and 20.4 mumol/liter, respectively; 2.0 +/-
      0.4 mumol/liter in healthy controls). Other patients showed near normal
      measurements of these metabolites. After forearm exercise, ammonia, inosine, and
      hypoxanthine levels increased greatly in every patient studied, in contrast with
      the lack of increase in lactate levels. The incremental area under the
      concentration curves for venous ammonia was 13-fold greater in the glycogen
      storage disease group than in controls (1,120 +/- 182 vs. 83 +/- 26 mumol X
      min/liter). The incremental areas of inosine and hypoxanthine were also greater
      in the glycogen storage disease group (29.2 +/- 7.2 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.1 and 134.6 +/-
      23.1 vs. 14.9 +/- 3.2 mumol X min/liter, respectively). The incremental areas of
      ammonia in controls and in glycogen storage disease patients strongly correlated
      with those of hypoxanthine (r = 0.984, n = 11, P less than 0.005). These findings
      indicated that excess purine degradation occurred in the exercising muscles of
      patients with glycogen storage disease types V and VII, and suggested that the
      ATP pool in the exercising muscles may be deranged because of defective
      glycogenolysis or glycolysis.

PMID- 3861623
TI  - Automation and limitation of 17 beta oestradiol dehydrogenase in monitoring
      ovarian function.
AB  - An automated enzymatic assay which measures combined concentrations of urinary
      oestrone and oestradiol within 15 minutes of hydrolysis has been developed using
      placental 17 beta oestradiol dehydrogenase. This assay is comparable to
      radioimmunoassay in its precision and sensitivity and is quicker, more
      convenient, and more economical. The 17 beta oestradiol dehydrogenase assay was
      used to monitor ovarian response in infertile women being treated through
      stimulated ovarian cycles or in vitro fertilisation programmes. Because the assay
      did not respond to oestriol it was less reliable than total urinary oestrogens in
      monitoring ovarian responses, particularly during treatment with drugs which
      enhanced oestriol excretion. In natural ovulatory cycles rising 17 beta
      oestradiol dehydrogenase values preceded peak luteotropin concentrations by up to
      18 hours and improved detection of ovulation. The 17 beta oestradiol
      dehydrogenase assay processes large numbers of urine samples quickly and
      economically and enables accurate monitoring of oocyte maturity and ovulation.

PMID- 3861622
TI  - Comparisons of metabolism of apolipoprotein B in normal subjects, obese patients,
      and patients with coronary heart disease.
AB  - This study was designed to examine the integrated metabolism of apolipoprotein B
      (apo B) in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate density
      lipoproteins (IDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) in normal subjects, obese
      patients, and a group of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Turnover
      rates of 131I-VLDL-B, 131I-IDL-B, 125I-LDL-B, and [3H]VLDL-triglycerides (TG)
      were determined by the multicompartmental analysis that used the model described
      in the preceding article (Beltz, W.F., et al. 1985. J. Clin. Invest. 76: 575
      585). Compared with five normal subjects, four obese subjects had increased
      synthesis rates of both VLDL-B and VLDL-TG. Production of LDL-B was
      inconsistently raised in these same patients. Five patients with CHD had enhanced
      production of both VLDL-B and LDL-B, but secretion rates of VLDL-TG were not
      increased. Thus, in patients with obesity and in those with CHD, synthesis rates
      of VLDL particles may be abnormally high. In the obese patients, the VLDL
      appeared to be of normal composition, but in patients with CHD, the VLDL were
      relatively poor in TG. The study also showed that a significant fraction of VLDL
      B is removed directly from the circulation and never reaches LDL regardless of
      the type of patients. The fraction that does reach LDL is one factor that
      determines LDL concentrations.

PMID- 3861624
TI  - A definition of small, medium and large maxillary edentulous ridges.

PMID- 3861625
TI  - A specialist's view on referrals, for the general practitioner.

PMID- 3861626
TI  - Oral isotretinoin followed by psoralens and ultraviolet A or ultraviolet B for
      psoriasis.

PMID- 3861627
TI  - Peeling skin syndrome.

PMID- 3861628
TI  - Immunosuppression: a cause of porokeratosis?
AB  - Two patients are reported in which the development of porokeratosis occurred
      following chemotherapy for systemic malignancy. Immunosuppression associated with
      malignancy and chemotherapy may exacerbate or initiate the development of
      porokeratosis in patients predisposed to alterations of cutaneous growth
      dynamics.

PMID- 3861629
TI  - Multiple pulmonary nodules detected by computed tomography: diagnostic
      implications.
AB  - Prior to the advent of CT, the radiographic demonstration of multiple nonmiliary
      lung nodules usually indicated the presence of metastases or, less likely,
      granulomas. The increased sensitivity of CT at detecting small parenchymal
      pulmonary densities is accompanied by loss of specificity, creating uncertainty
      as to the significance of nodules detected at CT in any individual patient.
      During a 1 year period we reviewed all CT scans in our institution demonstrating
      three or more focal lung densities, noting these parameters: number of densities,
      maximum lesion size, presence of calcification as determined visually, and lesion
      morphology (linear or nodular). Of 137 patients with three or more focal lung
      densities at CT, nodule diagnosis was established on pathologic or clinical
      grounds in 114. Metastases accounted for 73%, with primary colon and lung
      malignancies and lymphoma the most common causes. Malignant nodules were
      statistically significantly larger, more numerous, and more rounded, whereas
      calcification was significantly associated with benign disease. However, no
      single criterion or combination of criteria was foolproof. Based on our results,
      we offer recommendations for further evaluation of nodules in several common
      clinical settings.

PMID- 3861630
TI  - Pancreatic metastases in bone sarcomas: CT demonstration.
AB  - Two patients with bone sarcomas were found to have pancreatic masses on routine
      follow-up CT. Although pancreatic metastasis most often occurs in a setting of
      widely disseminated disease, it may occur as an isolated finding, most often
      asymptomatic. It may also be responsible for clinical pancreatitis. Both of these
      presentations have significant implications for further management.

PMID- 3861631
TI  - Use of closely coupled receiver coils in MR imaging: practical aspects.
AB  - The use of closely coupled receiver coils in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of
      the brain and body is described. Design considerations are outlined, aspects of
      the choice of materials are discussed, and clinical applications are illustrated.
      Closely coupled receiver coils can provide a useful improvement in MR image
      quality.

PMID- 3861632
TI  - A comparison of methods for contouring the occlusal surfaces of posterior
      composite restorations.

PMID- 3861633
TI  - The loss of the remaining natural teeth.

PMID- 3861634
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment decisions when using bitewing radiographs--a comparison
      between two dental schools.

PMID- 3861635
TI  - The effect of a decreasing prevalence of dental caries on the future teaching
      curriculum.

PMID- 3861636
TI  - Immediate-polished and as-carved Tytin restorations after three years.

PMID- 3861637
TI  - [Alveolar ridge augmentation with hydroxyapatite: evaluation of 50 clinical
      cases].

PMID- 3861638
TI  - [Biopsies: general principles, indications and technics].

PMID- 3861639
TI  - Delegation of dental acts.

PMID- 3861640
TI  - [Principle aspects and conclusions of the American study "National Preventive
      Dentistry Demonstration Program". Impact and applicability in Quebec].

PMID- 3861641
TI  - Institutional advertising: a complete success in 1984 and a challenge in 1985,
      1986.

PMID- 3861642
TI  - [Intestinal polyposis type III (Gardner syndrome): presentation of a case and
      review of the literature].

PMID- 3861643
TI  - [Oro-antral communication and its relation to chronic maxillary sinusitis].

PMID- 3861644
TI  - [Pregnancy gingivitis: myth or reality?].

PMID- 3861645
TI  - Changes in behavior and attitude: a challenge for the Ordre des Dentistes du
      Quebec in 1985.

PMID- 3861646
TI  - [Orthodontics: practical considerations with regard to certain orthodontic
      procedures].

PMID- 3861647
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase-deficient mutants of serotype g Streptococcus mutans.
AB  - Three LDH-deficient mutants of a serotype g strain of Streptococcus mutans were
      produced essentially as described by Hillman (1978): They were produced using
      ethylmethane sulfonate, and isolated using triphenyltetrazolium-glucose agar.
      Similar attempts to obtain mutants from a serotype c strain were unsuccessful.
      The g mutant did not revert during 12 weeks of daily transfer in broth, and, when
      grown in glucose-containing broth, they reached pH values of 4.9 to 5.0, compared
      with 4.4 for the parent strain. The efficiency of conversion of glucose to cell
      mass (Yg) was at least as great with the mutants as with the parent strain. The
      LDH activities of the mutants were less than 1% of that of the parent strain.
      Like Hillman's (1978) mutants, ethanol, acetic acid, and acetoin were the major
      products resulting from the metabolism of glucose. Although at pH 7.0 the mutants
      grew more slowly than did the parent, at pH 5 and pH 6 one of the mutants grew as
      rapidly as did the parent. The stability, serotype, and ability of these mutants
      to grow at low pH suggest their potential usefulness for replacement therapy.

PMID- 3861648
TI  - Predominant obligate anaerobes in human carious dentin.
AB  - With the adoption of an anaerobic glove box system, we isolated and identified
      the predominant micro-organisms in lesions of carious dentin from four permanent
      third molars. The overwhelming majority of the micro-organisms isolated from both
      shallow and deep layers of carious dentin were obligate anaerobes, suggesting
      that conditions in the dentin were strictly anaerobic. The predominant obligate
      anaerobes were Gram-positive rods which were identified as members of the
      following genera: Propionibacterium, Eubacterium, Arachnia, Lactobacillus,
      Bifidobacterium, and Actinomyces. Clostridia, Gram-negative rods (Bacteroides and
      Fusobacterium) and Gram-positive cocci (Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, and
      Streptococcus) were also isolated, although they constituted a minor part of the
      flora.

PMID- 3861649
TI  - Comparison of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases from salivary glands of four
      species.
AB  - Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity, subcellular distribution, and
      isozyme profile were compared in rabbit, rat, guinea pig, and mouse in both
      parotid and submandibular glands. Glands were homogenized under hypotonic
      conditions and the following fractions isolated: 600 g pellet, 27,000 g pellet,
      and 27,000 g supernatant. The specific activity of the enzyme was similar in the
      eight glands and was highest in the 27,000 g supernatant. The average activity in
      the 27,000 g supernatant was approximately 75% of the total gland activity,
      although there was considerable variability between tissues and species. After
      being washed with isotonic buffer, this percentage was increased to an average of
      84%. When isozyme patterns of the kinase were examined, the rabbit parotid was
      unique in that it contained a high percentage of isozyme I as isolated on DEAE
      cellulose columns.

PMID- 3861650
TI  - The surface free energy of oral streptococci after being coated with saliva and
      its relation to adhesion in the mouth.
AB  - Contact angle measurements on layers of bacteria were used to determine the
      bacterial surface free energy (gamma b) of a variety of oral streptococcal
      strains, both without and after being coated with human whole saliva. At least
      four isolates of each species, either freshly isolated or laboratory strains,
      were used. The species Streptococcus mutans, S. sanguis, and S. salivarius were
      homogeneous, having high surface free energies, and were not affected by saliva
      treatment (gamma b = 106 +/- 12 and 107 +/- 10 erg X cm-2 in the absence and
      presence of saliva coating, respectively; n = 20). S. mitis had a very low
      surface free energy (46 +/- 15; n = 5), which was significantly increased after
      salivary adsorption (71 +/- 14 erg X cm-2; p less than 0.002). The species S.
      milleri contained strains with both high and low gamma b. Calculation of the
      interfacial free energy of adhesion (delta F adh) for bacteria from a saliva
      suspension to solid surfaces with various arbitrary surface free energies (gamma
      s) showed that, theoretically, most strains will encounter thermodynamically
      favorable conditions for adhesion to surfaces with a gamma s above 62 erg X cm-2.
      However, S. mitis strains not coated with saliva would only be able to adhere to
      surfaces with gamma s lower than this value. Saliva-coating reverses the
      calculated relationship with gamma s for these strains. The results indicate that
      an enamel surface with a low gamma s value would be thermodynamically unfavorable
      for adhesion of most oral streptococci.

PMID- 3861651
TI  - pH-dependent fluoride inhibition of peroxidase activity.
AB  - Fluoride was found to be a potent inhibitor of bovine lactoperoxidase and of
      salivary peroxidase at acid pH values. Inhibition was reversible at neutral pH,
      and appeared to involve HF binding by the enzyme. Fluoride inhibition of
      lactoperoxidase occurred with all reductants tested, including thiocyanate,
      iodide, and guaiacol. Fluoride concentrations for 50% inhibition of enzymatic
      activity with iodide as reductant were: less than 0.05 mM at a pH value of 4.0,
      0.3 mM at 5.0, 4.0 mM at pH 6.0, and more than 10.0 mM at pH 7.0. Salivary
      peroxidases were found to have lower pH optima but to be approximately as
      sensitive to acid-dependent fluoride inhibition as was purified bovine
      lactoperoxidase. The findings suggest that the fluoride in dental plaque may be
      inhibitory to the antimicrobial peroxidase system.

PMID- 3861652
TI  - Toxicological assessment of lidocaine in the pregnant rat.
AB  - Teratogenic and toxicological effects of lidocaine administered during pregnancy
      were evaluated in the Sprague Dawley rat. High doses of lidocaine administered
      during specific periods of gestation were shown to produce no apparent adverse
      toxicological or teratogenic effects. Histological, enzymological, and physical
      features of the fetuses, utilizing conventional toxicological parameters, were
      all found to be normal following maternal administration of lidocaine. Analysis
      of these data suggests that the administration of lidocaine during pregnancy had
      no detectable adverse effects on the fetus.

PMID- 3861653
TI  - Reproducibility of computer-aided image-analysis-derived estimates of the depth
      and area of radiolucencies in approximal enamel.
AB  - In vivo studies of caries progression from serial bite-wing radiographs require
      the reproducible detection and measurement of approximal radiolucencies in
      enamel; the aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of a new
      computer-aided image analysis method. Three series of radiographs depicting
      natural caries lesions were employed: films of 11-12-year-old (Hounslow)
      schoolchildren, dental students from Hong Kong (HKDS), and extracted Hong Kong
      teeth (EXT). Each surface was "searched" three times, resulting in data from 450,
      600, and 180 searches, respectively. Lesion detection was consistent for all but
      two of the 1230 searches. Average values for the standard error of the mean (SEM)
      of triple determinations of depth % were between 2.0 and 3.5%, while the mean SEM
      for area was from 0.03 to 0.04 mm2. Average test/re-test correlations ranged from
      0.963 to 0.871 for depth and from 0.963 to 0.884 for area, while average
      reliability coefficients ranged from 0.937 to 0.821 for depth and 0.963 to 0.886
      for area. There was a significant difference (P less than 0.001) between the
      reproducibility of the two clinical series, with measurements of the Hounslow
      lesions being more consistent. When compared with the reproducibility of attempts
      to grade radiolucency size visually, the image analysis method appears to offer
      considerable advantages, in that consistent estimates of radiolucency size are
      now possible. This method may facilitate more sensitive assessments of the
      behavior of lesions over time than has hitherto been possible.

PMID- 3861654
TI  - The effect of swallowing frequency on oral sugar clearance and pH changes by
      Streptococcus mitior in vivo after sucrose ingestion.
AB  - A theoretical study of oral sugar clearance (Caries Res 17:321-334, 1983)
      suggested that the unstimulated salivary flow rate (UNSTFR) and the volume of
      saliva present in the mouth before swallowing (VMAX) can greatly affect the rate
      of sugar clearance. The object of this study was to determine whether variations
      in UNSTFR, by water infusion into the mouth, and in VMAX, which can be altered by
      varying the swallowing frequency, would influence sugar clearance and whether
      changes in VMAX would affect the extent of the pH fall produced by S. mitior in
      vivo after sucrose consumption. In three experiments on each of ten adult
      subjects, UNSTFR was measured initially (mean value = 0.55 ml/min), and a
      swallowing schedule was calculated so that the volumes swallowed were either 0.3
      ml or 1.0 ml. After a 10-second rinse with 20 ml of a 10% sucrose solution, the
      subjects maintained a swallowing frequency such that the volumes swallowed were
      either 0.3 ml or 1.0 ml at normal UNSTFR or were 0.3 ml when UNSTFR was increased
      by infusing water at 0.5 ml/min. In all subjects, clearance of sugar was faster
      at the higher swallowing frequency and at the higher flow rate, as predicted by
      the theoretical model. Small acrylic splints were made to fit over the lower
      incisors of ten subjects and to hold in the floor of the mouth an antimony
      microelectrode covered by a 0.5-mm layer of S. mitior, which was held in place by
      a dialysis membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3861655
TI  - Antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity.
AB  - Anaerobic, agar-dilution, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 18
      antibiotics are given for the numerically important bacterial groups from the
      human oral cavity. Strains are divided into susceptibility categories using the
      guidelines for interpretation of MICs suggested by the National Committee for
      Clinical Laboratory Standards. These guidelines are based on data on antibiotic
      concentrations attainable in serum following various dosage regimens. MICs are
      also compared with attainable gingival fluid levels where these are known. The
      highest percentages of strains were susceptible to tetracycline, with 89% of the
      139 strains tested susceptible to serum levels and 97% conditionally susceptible
      to attainable gingival fluid levels. Ninety-eight percent of strains were
      conditionally susceptible to attainable gingival fluid levels of minocycline, but
      many strains, including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, were only
      moderately susceptible to attainable serum levels of this tetracycline analogue.
      Carbenicillin was effective against most groups of organisms, with the important
      exception of A. actinomycetemcomitans, at serum levels attainable with oral
      formulations of carbenicillin. Only 2% of the total strains tested were resistant
      to penicillin, while 33% of strains were categorized as moderately susceptible.
      Clindamycin was active against many strains of Gram-negative bacteria but was not
      active against A. actinomycetemcomitans, some Bacteroides, Eikenella corrodens,
      or the anaerobic vibrios. Metronidazole was active against A.
      actinomycetemcomitans, all five groups of oral Bacteroides tested, and against
      Capnocytophaga species. Chloramphenicol was active against A.
      actinomycetemcomitans, but not against most of the other groups of oral
      organisms. Nearly all groups contained strains non-susceptible to serum levels
      attainable with the usual doses of erythromycin, spiramycin, vancomycin,
      kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, or
      chlortetracycline; several strains were resistant to maximum attainable serum
      levels of each of these antibiotics except doxycycline.

PMID- 3861657
TI  - Plasma fluoride levels in man following intake of SnF2 in solution or toothpaste.
AB  - The degree and rate of fluoride absorption in five volunteers were studied after
      ingestion of SnF2 and NaF solutions or SnF2 toothpaste. The fluoride
      concentration in plasma was followed for eight hours. The relative bio
      availability of fluoride was calculated and was similar for both the NaF and SnF2
      solutions, although the latter solution showed a somewhat faster absorption rate.
      The bio-availability of fluoride from the SnF2 dentifrice was 85%.

PMID- 3861656
TI  - Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus detection in the assessment of dental root
      surface caries risk.
AB  - Forty-five subjects contributing 150 root surfaces with gingival recession were
      sampled seven times over a 32-month period. We calculated isolation frequencies
      of lactobacilli on selective Rogosa SL agar and S. mutans in a sensitive
      enrichment broth and on mitis salivarius agar. Both S. mutans and lactobacilli
      were isolated more frequently from surfaces which became carious than from those
      remaining caries-free. Isolation frequencies were also higher for caries-free
      surfaces in caries-active subjects than for caries-free surfaces in caries
      inactive subjects. The presence or absence of S. mutans and lactobacilli in
      samples taken at baseline could discriminate between subjects who were to be root
      caries-active and those who were to remain root-caries-inactive during the
      subsequent observation period. Moreover, if both bacteria were detected or only
      S. mutans was detected on a root surface at its entry into the study, that
      surface had a greater risk for developing a root lesion. However, the tests could
      not predict which root surfaces within the mouths of caries-active subjects were
      to become carious. Analysis of the data suggests that simple microbiological
      detection tests may be useful in identifying patients at high risk of root
      caries.

PMID- 3861658
TI  - Changes in oral health from 1973 to 1982 of 13-15-year-old schoolchildren
      residing in three different fluoride areas in Finland.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to analyze the change from 1973 to 1982 in the
      oral health conditions of 13-, 14-, and 15-year-old school-children residing in
      three different fluoride areas in Finland. Oral hygiene, as measured with the
      Visible Plaque Index (Ainamo and Bay, 1975), had improved significantly both
      among 13-year-old girls (P less than 0.01) and among boys of the same age (P less
      than 0.05). A highly significant improvement (P less than 0.001) of gingival
      health, as measured with the Gingival Bleeding Index (Ainamo and Bay, 1975), was
      observed for boys but not for girls. The striking change was for the DFST (T =
      total) and FSAA (A = approximal) scores for the totals of 180 girls and 180 boys.
      This improvement in dental health was mainly due to a dramatic decline of caries
      in the low-fluoride (0.2 ppm F) area, whereas in the high-fluoride area (2.5 ppm
      F), the improvement in oral hygiene and gingival health was the greatest. The
      results support earlier assumptions that caries and gingivitis are separate and
      mutually independent disease entities. The study further suggests that local
      fluoride treatments can provide caries-preventive benefits similar to those
      achieved by community water fluoridation, although at greater cost. The
      comparison in time revealed that most of the differences in oral health, observed
      in 1973 both between sexes and between the different fluoride areas, had
      disappeared by the time of the 1982 examination.

PMID- 3861659
TI  - The reliability of the iodide permeability test applied to the natural dentition.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of the iodide
      permeability test when applied to the human dentition. Twenty-two subjects were
      seen once a week for three weeks. At each visit, consecutive iodide permeability
      measurements were obtained: four from the right central incisor and four from the
      left. Results of these trials were examined for the degree of variability from
      one replication to another within the same day, as well as for the variability
      from one week to the next. Within-day and between-week reliability of the test
      results was assessed by two indices: the Hoyt Index, which estimates the
      reliability of the average of the four replicate measurements per tooth, and the
      Intraclass correlation, which estimates the reliability of a single measurement.
      The results indicate that the iodide permeability test produces sufficiently
      replicable measurements for use in future clinical studies.

PMID- 3861660
TI  - Victims of our own success.

PMID- 3861661
TI  - Current and future projections of dental school patient availability.
AB  - Results of a mail questionnaire received from 59 United States and ten Canadian
      dental schools indicated a potentially serious problem in obtaining and
      maintaining dental teaching patients. Most schools report at least one shortage
      that could eventually compromise the clinical education process. Future
      projections indicated a continuing problem due to perceived reductions in disease
      incidence. The importance of addressing this problem is accentuated by the dental
      schools' educational mission to provide sufficient clinical experiences in all
      subject areas of dentistry. The information derived from the questionnaire should
      provide background for dental administrators as they respond to the patient
      availability problem.

PMID- 3861662
TI  - Current availability of patients in dental hygiene programs.
AB  - Dental hygiene programs were surveyed to determine current availability of
      patients to meet the training needs of dental hygiene students. Eighty-six
      percent of the programs responded. Widespread inadequate to marginal patient
      availability was reported in periodontics and radiology. Two major reasons cited
      for patient shortages were, first, that completion of treatment requires too much
      time, and, second, that people are unaware of the scope of services performed by
      students. Patient shortages do not appear to be contributing to changes in the
      curriculum or fiscal problems in dental hygiene programs.

PMID- 3861663
TI  - The relationship of marital status and living arrangement to stress among dental
      students.
AB  - A survey conducted at one dental school was designed to assess the relationship
      between dental students' perceived level of stress and two possible indicators of
      social support, marital status, and living arrangements; to examine whether sex
      differences occurred in this relationship; and to assess the effect of marital
      status and gender on students' preferences for support services. A total of 484
      students were surveyed, with 298 completing the survey instrument, resulting in a
      62 percent response rate. The findings indicated that academic pressures are
      responsible for higher levels of stress among dental students than are personal,
      nonacademic stresses, with the exception of financial pressures. Only three of 32
      sources of stress were affected significantly by marital status: "loneliness,"
      "difficulties in love relationships," and "child-care responsibilities." The
      relationship between marital status and stress differed by sex; never-married
      females and separated/widowed/divorced males reported higher levels of stress
      than their counterparts. Living arrangement showed significant differences for
      four of the 32 stressors (the three listed above and "sex-related problems") and
      appeared to provide a better measure of social support than marital status.
      Nonacademic support programs were rated by students, regardless of marital
      status, as more desirable than those that focused on academic skills.

PMID- 3861664
TI  - Analysis of personality traits of the contemporary dental student.
AB  - The Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values (AVL) and the Myers-Briggs Type
      Inventory (MBTI) were administered to four classes of students upon their
      matriculation into dental school and readministered during each year until
      graduation. Over the four years, scores on the economic and political scales of
      the AVL increased significantly but decreased significantly on the social scale.
      Female students were more aesthetic than males and less politically inclined. On
      the MBTI, scores remained relatively stable over the entire four years. However,
      females were significantly more intuitive and more feeling than males. In
      general, this sample of dental students, who graduated in 1979, 1980, 1981, and
      1982, was quite similar in personality to samples of dental students of the early
      1960s.

PMID- 3861665
TI  - Curriculum guidelines for pathology and oral pathology.

PMID- 3861666
TI  - Curriculum guidelines for periodontics.

PMID- 3861667
TI  - A classification of dental schools by effort reporting.

PMID- 3861668
TI  - A compendium of objectives for geriatric dentistry.
AB  - A two-phase survey was conducted with 82 persons identified as having special
      knowledge in geriatric dentistry. In Phase 1, they were asked to list
      competencies required of the geriatric dentist. In Phase 2, they were asked to
      rate the relative importance of 150 competencies for five different educational
      settings: dental school, general practice residency, prosthodontic specialty
      program, geriatric fellowship program, and continuing education. The resulting
      compendium of objectives suggests that geriatric dentistry should become
      integrated into general dentistry, with relatively few competencies reserved for
      specialists.

PMID- 3861669
TI  - Characteristics of dental teaching patients.
AB  - Questionnaires were distributed to adult patients in a representative national
      sample of nine dental schools to solicit information on patient demographics, use
      of services, and perception of the care received. Responses from 2,346 patients
      were analyzed and compared to findings from various local studies. Results
      indicate: age range of patients and type of dental needs available to students is
      extremely variable among schools, the major referral system is through friends
      and relatives, most patients pay for all of their care and seek care at dental
      schools because of reasonable costs, transportation and parking pose significant
      problems for some patients, the majority of respondents had been patients for two
      years or less, and many patients want all of their clinical and interpersonal
      dental needs met in the school setting. Dental schools seriously need to consider
      such factors in light of current and projected teaching patient shortages.

PMID- 3861671
TI  - Teaching the detection of child abuse in dental schools.

PMID- 3861670
TI  - Educational factors associated with clinician knowledge about bacterial
      endocarditis.
AB  - This study measured the impact of relatively formal educational experiences
      (general practice residency and continuing education) and a variety of informal
      educational opportunities (professional membership activities, dental journals
      received, patterns of consulting and referral) on a particular body of knowledge
      (dentists' knowledge about the management of patients at risk for bacterial
      endocarditis). Data were collected through telephone interviews with 217 dental
      general practitioners in New York State. Linear regression analyses indicated
      that age made a significant contribution to the explanation of knowledge level in
      all models tested. Neither general practice residency experiences nor continuing
      education exposure in the past year made a significant contribution to the
      explanation of knowledge. The other more informal educational variables tested
      sometimes made a significant contribution when controlled for age; however, the
      explanatory power of these variables often varied according to respondents'
      locale (urban vs. rural).

PMID- 3861672
TI  - Intraoral x-ray film holders and infection control in U.S. dental schools.

PMID- 3861673
TI  - Teaching venipuncture techniques to dental students.

PMID- 3861674
TI  - Senior survey update: student debt increases while practice plans stabilize.

PMID- 3861675
TI  - Stress in dental students.

PMID- 3861676
TI  - Modular vs. traditional curriculum. A comparison of student dissatisfactions.

PMID- 3861677
TI  - A treasury of dentistry. What about dentistry and literature?

PMID- 3861678
TI  - The best deal around.

PMID- 3861679
TI  - Providing endodontic care.

PMID- 3861680
TI  - Update on hepatitis.

PMID- 3861681
TI  - Licensure by credentials. Is it working?

PMID- 3861682
TI  - Urinary mercury levels in US dentists, 1975-1983: review of Health Assessment
      Program.

PMID- 3861683
TI  - Traumatic bone cyst: report of case.
AB  - A case of traumatic bone cyst has been presented that illustrates the less common
      findings of cortical expansion, inferior alveolar paresthesia, and multiplicity
      of lesions. A brief review of the literature is also presented.

PMID- 3861684
TI  - Bilateral gemination with talon cusp: report of case.
AB  - The extraction of the geminated maxillary central incisors was selected as the
      preferred treatment in this case because of the impossibility of properly
      recontouring these teeth. Although the crowns could have been reshaped somewhat
      to conform to a more normal size and shape, the roots were so wide that
      approximation of the central and lateral incisor crowns would have been impaired.
      The use of normally shaped, large lateral incisors in place of abnormal central
      incisors gives a better occlusion and a more esthetic result at the end of the
      treatment.

PMID- 3861685
TI  - An evaluation of temporomandibular joint sounds.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to obtain authoritative opinion on the importance
      of joint noises. Experts in the areas of orthopedics, rheumatology, and arthritis
      were asked four questions to evaluate the importance of clicking and crepitus in
      joints other than the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The general response of
      these experts indicated that clicking in the absence of other symptoms is not
      important, clicking in the presence of other symptoms may be important, crepitus
      in the absence of other symptoms may be important, and crepitus in the presence
      of other symptoms is important. Caution is advised in treating clicking when it
      is the only sign.

PMID- 3861686
TI  - The use of a soft denture liner for chronic residual ridge soreness.
AB  - Chronic residual ridge soreness in patients with complete dentures can be caused
      by various factors. A differential diagnosis between physiologic or anatomic
      problems (or both) and functional deficiencies in the patient's present dentures
      must be made. The functional deficiencies can often be eliminated easily, whereas
      physiologic and anatomic problems may be more difficult to correct, especially in
      the geriatric patient. If the functional deficiencies in the patient's dentures
      have been corrected and surgical procedures are not a viable alternative,
      placement of a long-term resilient liner can often resolve the chronic residual
      ridge soreness that is present in denture patients. Properly placed and properly
      cared for silicone or silicone rubber resilient denture liners can provide
      comfort for over 70% of patients with chronic residual ridge soreness for 3 to 5
      years and often longer.

PMID- 3861687
TI  - The hemodynamic and plasma catecholamine responses to routine restorative dental
      care.
AB  - Eleven healthy, normotensive males undergoing routine restorative dental care
      were evaluated during treatment for possible hemodynamic alterations in response
      to potential sympathetic nervous system stimulation. It is concluded that once
      acceptable local anesthesia is achieved, the hemodynamic and sympathetic
      responses to routine restorative dental care are minimal. These findings serve as
      a baseline for further studies evaluating the response of medically and
      pharmacologically compromised patients to similar dental procedures.

PMID- 3861688
TI  - White, exophytic lesion of the left lateral surface of the tongue.
AB  - Verrucous carcinoma is an unusual variant of squamous cell carcinoma; it
      comprises approximately 5% of all oral malignancies. The buccal mucosa, gingiva,
      and tongue are the most commonly involved areas within the oral cavity.
      Histologically, verrucous carcinoma can present a diagnostic dilemma. The
      basement membrane is often intact, which may cause the pathologist to
      misinterpret these carcinomas as hyperkeratosis and severe dysplasia. The
      preferred treatment for this lesion is wide local excision. Regional lymph node
      dissection is usually not necessary and radiation therapy appears to be
      contraindicated. Close follow-up is recommended.

PMID- 3861689
TI  - Consensus development conference statement on anesthesia and sedation in the
      dental office. National Institutes of Health.

PMID- 3861691
TI  - [Fluorides for caries prevention. I. Mode of action of fluoride in caries
      prevention].

PMID- 3861690
TI  - Effect of commercial formulation of four organophosphorus insecticides on the
      ovaries of a freshwater teleost, Mystus vittatus (bloch)--a histological and
      histochemical study.
AB  - The chronic effect of an exposure to a sublethal concentration of commercial
      formulation of 4 organophosphorus insecticides such as birlane (chlorfenvinphos),
      gardona (tetrachlorvinphos), phosdrin (mevinphos) and malathion on
      midvitellogenic ovaries of Mystus vittatus was investigated using several
      histological and histochemical techniques. The loss of stage II and III oocytes
      accompanied by a significant decline in gonadosomatic index was recorded. The
      vitellogenesis in treated fishes was ceased as the oocytes did not advance to
      further stages as evidenced by the absence of lipid yolks and the lack of a PAS
      positive follicular layer. The RNA content of remaining stage I oocytes of
      exposed fishes resembled that of the stage I oocytes of the control fishes. The
      absence of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase suggested the lack of
      steroidogenesis. Reduced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was also
      observed. The significance of these observations has been discussed in light of
      available literature.

PMID- 3861692
TI  - [Clinical studies of metal denture bases using the Trutissu metal].

PMID- 3861693
TI  - [Clinical application of a Muscle Dysfunction Monitor for the measurement of the
      duration of the EMG silent period in the masticatory muscles].

PMID- 3861694
TI  - [Representation of materials used for interocclusal records in dentate patients
      from the standpoint of clinical application].

PMID- 3861695
TI  - [Clinico-statistical observations of maxillofacial fractures in the past 10 years
      at the Gifu College of Dentistry hospital].

PMID- 3861696
TI  - [Immobilization of spermatozoa by peritoneal fluid in sterile women. Preliminary
      results].
AB  - Peritoneal fluid from sterile women where the state of the pelvis is changed by
      endometriosis, inflammation, infection, and in certain cases where it appears
      normal laparoscopically, can immobilise spermatozoa in minutes or hours. This
      toxicity against male gametes could be an explanation of the mechanism for such
      sterility. The tubes and the ovaries are bathed in this liquid in the
      periovulatory phase when they are largest in size. If these first observations
      are confirmed fully many theoretical, practical and therapeutic implications must
      follow.

PMID- 3861697
TI  - Progress with intellectual integrity.

PMID- 3861698
TI  - Graphic display of total space analysis data.

PMID- 3861699
TI  - Readout.

PMID- 3861700
TI  - Leveling the curve of Spee: a new prediction formula.

PMID- 3861701
TI  - Class II division I treatment utilizing the systems of directional force.

PMID- 3861702
TI  - Class II, division I, bi-maxillary protrusion. A case report.

PMID- 3861703
TI  - Two stage treatment of a Class II division I malocclusion. A case report.

PMID- 3861704
TI  - Principles of mechanical ventilation. Critical care medicine.

PMID- 3861705
TI  - Case of the month. Diagnosis of ulcer present on the lateral border of the
      tongue.

PMID- 3861706
TI  - Stafne's idiopathic bone cavity--a case report.

PMID- 3861707
TI  - Osteogenesis imperfecta--a case report.

PMID- 3861708
TI  - A clinical study of localized gingival recession treated by lateral sliding flap.

PMID- 3861709
TI  - Interpret your X-ray. Artefacts in x-ray films.

PMID- 3861710
TI  - Case of the month. Chronic ulcer on the lateral border of the tongue.

PMID- 3861711
TI  - Interpret your X-rays. Mandibular fractures.

PMID- 3861712
TI  - Euclidean endometry--a method of tooth length appraisal.

PMID- 3861713
TI  - Cystic complex composite odontoma--a case report.

PMID- 3861714
TI  - Comparative study of wear resistance of acrylic teeth produced in India.

PMID- 3861715
TI  - Towards a new strategy for dental health.

PMID- 3861716
TI  - Viral infections in childhood leukemia.
AB  - The importance of viral infections in 150 children receiving therapy for leukemia
      was studied prospectively by application of comprehensive viral diagnostic
      procedures. One hundred five viral infections were identified, with herpes
      simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus being the most common agents. The
      spectrum of viruses associated with serious illness was wider than that in
      previous studies, and adenoviruses, parainfluenza viruses, rhinoviruses, and
      enteroviruses were important causes of morbidity. Viral isolation was the most
      sensitive diagnostic procedure used because complement fixation serology was
      falsely negative in two-thirds of cases. The occurrence of viral infection may be
      a previously overlooked important cause of respiratory tract infection and acute
      pyrexia of unknown origin. Viral infection rates were highest in patients with
      acute myeloblastic leukemia, in induction and relapse, and in patients treated
      with newer chemotherapeutic schedules. Thus, viruses are important pathogens in
      children with leukemia.

PMID- 3861717
TI  - Mucoceles present at birth in two siblings: a case report.

PMID- 3861718
TI  - Dental problems in musicians.

PMID- 3861719
TI  - [Proper use of medication in dentistry].

PMID- 3861720
TI  - [How to manage white spot].

PMID- 3861721
TI  - [Use of ultrasonics in endodontics].

PMID- 3861723
TI  - [How to use various types of syringes].

PMID- 3861722
TI  - [Changing trends in dental diseases. A report based on the findings of the
      Commission on Oral Health, Research and Epidemiology].

PMID- 3861724
TI  - [Amelogenesis: what we know: a discussion].

PMID- 3861725
TI  - [Study of occlusal contact area by occlusal adjustment. 1. Morphological analysis
      of premature contact area in the intercuspal position].

PMID- 3861726
TI  - [Protective efficacy of antiserum against Bacteroides gingivalis].

PMID- 3861727
TI  - [Histopathological study on healing after gingivectomy in rats--changes in nerve
      fibers and specialized nerve end organ distribution].

PMID- 3861728
TI  - [Release of lysosomal enzymes from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes by 3
      subspecies of Bacteroides species].

PMID- 3861729
TI  - [Section assay of bacteria phagocytized by leukocytes].

PMID- 3861730
TI  - [Bone resorption by human monocytes].

PMID- 3861732
TI  - [Insoluble immune complexes in healthy and inflamed gingiva in humans].

PMID- 3861731
TI  - [Neutrophil function in patients with periodontal diseases. 1. Role of serum in
      the NBT reduction test].

PMID- 3861733
TI  - [Radiographic study of vertical bone loss due to open interproximal contacts and
      tooth mobility in periodontal disease].

PMID- 3861734
TI  - [A fundamental study on periodontal examination--comparison of probing depth
      between whole- and partial-mouth recording methods].

PMID- 3861736
TI  - [Effect on subgingival plaque control of a pulsating water-jet device].

PMID- 3861735
TI  - [Immunopathological studies of phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia].

PMID- 3861737
TI  - [The laboratory course for periodontal undergraduate education using a new model
      developed in our department].

PMID- 3861738
TI  - [Clinical and histopathological observations of the gingiva in heart patients
      treated with nifedipine--a report of 3 cases].

PMID- 3861739
TI  - [Remission of rheumatoid arthritis following periodontal treatment. A case
      report].

PMID- 3861740
TI  - [Depression of neutrophil chemotaxis and lysosomal enzyme release by Bacteroides
      gingivalis].

PMID- 3861741
TI  - [A case report of cleidocranial dysostosis].

PMID- 3861742
TI  - [Effect of dentin mineralization in the rachitic rat. Fluorescence microscopy and
      scanning electron microscopy studies].

PMID- 3861743
TI  - [A longitudinal study of the soft tissue profile changes in 6-11-year-old
      children].

PMID- 3861744
TI  - Reactivation of tritonated models of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs): a
      computer-assisted analysis.
AB  - The orientation (chemotaxis) and locomotion (chemokinesis) of human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are generated by an internal movement
      mechanism that involves active cytoplasmic movement; they are influenced by
      external environmental and ionic conditions. We have studied the degree to which
      the orientation and movement mechanisms of PMNs are self-contained within the
      cell and the degree to which they are under membrane control. PMNs were partially
      and selectively demembranated by treatment with the non-ionic detergent, octyl
      phenoxyl-polyethoxyethanol (commercially known as Triton X-100) under controlled
      conditions. The tritonated PMNs (referred to in the literature as models) were
      non-motile and non-locomotory. Addition of ATP/Mg++ with a trace amount of Ca++
      to the medium was followed by reactivation of the tritonated PMN models to move
      again as motile cells. Although these reactivated PMN models actively locomoted,
      they could no longer orient to chemoattractants. Thus, the reactivation process
      restored the physical self-contained movement parameters but could not
      reestablish the orientation capacity (chemotactic responsiveness) that was
      characteristic of live PMNs. The demembranation process apparently destroyed the
      chemotactic receptors and/or eradicated the coordination function of the
      membrane. Videotapes of normal (control) as well as reactivated PMN movement were
      analyzed for movement characteristics. These characteristics were objectively
      analyzed with a newly designed computer-assisted micro-image-processing technique
      whereby the videotapes were digitized and quantified and the actual PMN movement
      printed out in computer-graphics and tracings (Freeman codes) for confirmation of
      orientation and movement arising as a result of reactivation.

PMID- 3861745
TI  - Studies of peritoneal macrophage function in murine systemic lupus erythematosus.
      2. Nature of elevated resident peritoneal cells in NZB and (NZB x NZW)F1 mice.
AB  - The numbers of resident peritoneal cells recovered from NZB and (NZB X NZW)F1
      hybrid mice, which develop systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), increased
      strikingly with age as compared with cells recovered from normal mice. The rise
      paralleled the onset of anti-DNA antibodies, occurring earlier in females than in
      males. The increased number of cells was due to an accumulation of medium-sized
      cells with an indeterminate appearance, but with the functional characteristics
      and cell markers typical of a macrophage. The unusual cells were esterase, F4/80
      and Mac-1 positive, peroxidase, and Alcian blue negative, and were shown on
      sedimentation velocity separation to be phagocytic for EA and C3 (serum-treated)
      zymosan; 47-48% of peritoneal cells were Ia positive.

PMID- 3861746
TI  - In vitro antiviral properties of endotoxin-activated rat Kupffer cells.
AB  - Kupffer cells isolated from the liver of normal rats were checked for their
      antiviral activities. The intrinsic antiviral effect against vaccinia virus was
      high whether the cells were activated in vitro with endotoxin or not. The
      expression of the extrinsic antiviral activity measured by mixing isolated
      Kupffer cells with vaccinia-virus-infected target cells was remarkably enhanced
      by prior treatment of the Kupffer cells with LPS. Interferon was shown to be not
      responsible for that inhibitory activity. Different experimental data suggest
      that the virus replication in the target cells is blocked at a late stage in the
      replication cycle.

PMID- 3861747
TI  - Characteristics of macrophages in irradiation chimeras in mice reconstituted with
      allogeneic bone marrow cells.
AB  - Biological and immunological characteristics of the reticuloendothelial system of
      irradiation bone marrow chimeric mice and macrophages collected from various
      tissue sources of the mice were studied. The chimeras showed comparable
      activities in carbon clearance to those of normal donor or recipient mice. The
      macrophages from spleen, lymph node, bone marrow, peripheral blood, liver,
      peritoneal cavity, and lung were demonstrated to be of donor marrow origin. They
      showed almost the same enzyme activities and phagocytic capability of sheep
      erythrocytes (SRBC, E), SRBC sensitized with anti-SRBC IgG (EA), and SRBC
      sensitized with anti-SRBC IgM and coated with complement (EAC) as those of normal
      mice. Proportions of Fc receptor and complement receptor-positive cells are also
      in normal range. In addition, the antigen-presenting capability of the chimeric
      macrophages for in vitro primary antibody response to SRBC was intact. These
      observations suggest that the reticuloendothelial system and macrophages of
      allogeneic bone marrow chimeras where donor and recipient differ at the major
      histocompatibility complex have no defect so far as could be ascertained by the
      present study.

PMID- 3861748
TI  - Preparation for hapten help by glucan, muramyl dipeptide, and its L-ala-Glycerol
      mycolate derivative.
AB  - Previously, we reported that one of the factors that determines whether or not an
      animal will be prepared for hapten help after priming is the type of adjuvant
      used. The present work was undertaken, therefore, to determine which of a diverse
      variety of adjuvants or biological response modifiers would be effective. They
      included Freund's complete (CFA) and incomplete (FICA) adjuvants, particulate
      glucan, muramyl dipeptide (MDP), and its L-ala-glycerol-mycolate derivative. Help
      by the azobenzenearsonate (ABA) hapten was measured as the augmentation of the
      anti-bovine gamma-globulin (BGG) plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to ABA-BGG of
      mice that had been hapten-primed with ABA conjugated to ovalbumin (OVA). The
      results showed that FICA was ineffective. MDP was effective but only if
      administered with FICA during hapten-priming. MDP-L-ala-glycerol-mycolate was
      effective without any adjuvant but only within a narrow dose range. Particulate
      glucan was as effective as CFA in preparing mice for hapten help. As the
      macrophage is the primary cellular target of those biological response modifiers
      that were effective, we conclude that it plays an important role in the cellular
      interaction involved in the mediation of hapten help.

PMID- 3861749
TI  - Monocytes and neutrophils oxidize low density lipoprotein making it cytotoxic.
AB  - Free radicals are believed to be involved in leukocyte induced tissue injury. The
      present studies were performed to determine whether low density lipoprotein (LDL)
      might serve as a mediator of tissue injury after leukocyte induced free radical
      oxidation of LDL. Our results show that incubation of LDL with monocytes or
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) leads to oxidation of the lipoprotein
      rendering it toxic to proliferating fibroblasts. Monocyte activation enhances
      these effects. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), vitamin E (vit E) and glutathione
      (GSH) virtually prevent the oxidation of LDL and the formation of cytotoxic LDL,
      indicating that these alterations are mediated by leukocyte-derived free
      radicals. This is the first demonstration that short-lived free radicals
      emanating from phagocytic cells could mediate cell injury through the action of a
      stable cytotoxin formed by the oxidation of LDL. The fact that lipoproteins can
      transfer a cytotoxic effect from leukocytes to proliferating cells reveals a
      pathway for cell destruction which may have implications in atherosclerotic
      plaque progression, macrophage mediated toxicity to tumor cells and tissue injury
      by inflammatory processes.

PMID- 3861750
TI  - Enhanced activity of the macrophage-like cell line J774.1 following exposure to
      gamma radiation.
AB  - Exposure of the macrophage-like cell line J774.1 to 20 gray of cobalt-60 gamma
      radiation resulted in a block of tritiated thymidine incorporation, along with an
      increase in cell "activation," as assessed by increases in lysosomal enzyme and
      ectoenzyme content, PMA-induced H2O2 production, and NBT staining, ingestion of
      E(IgG), spreading, and membrane ruffling. These changes are evident within 1 day
      postradiation and peak at 4 days postradiation.

PMID- 3861751
TI  - The motile response of lung macrophages: theoretical and experimental approaches
      using the linear under-agarose assay.
AB  - The alveolar macrophage plays an important role in the lung's defense against
      inhaled particles, but few studies have addressed the motile behavior of these
      cells. In this study, we measured alveolar macrophage random motility using a
      modification of the under-agarose assay. The cells were exposed to a uniform
      concentration of F-norleucyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FNLLP) in an agarose system,
      establishing conditions for stimulated random motility (or chemokinesis).
      Experimental results were compared with a theoretical model of cell migration. In
      this model, chemokinesis was expressed as a random motility coefficient, mu,
      which is the cellular equivalent of a diffusion coefficient for a molecule. The
      experimental data that described the migration of alveolar macrophages (density
      profiles) agreed well with the theoretical model. The random motility coefficient
      ranged from 1 X 10(-9) cm2/sec (no FNLLP) to a maximum of 1 X 10(-8) cm2/sec at
      10(-9) M FNLLP. For concentrations of FNLLP greater than 10(-9) M, the random
      motility decreased to a constant value of 3 X 10(-9) cm2/sec. The maximum random
      motility response was observed at an FNLLP concentration one order of magnitude
      below the measured FNLLP equilibrium dissociation constant, Kd, of 6 X 10(-8) M
      for alveolar macrophages and was essentially constant over a large range of FNLLP
      concentrations on either side of the Kd value. These results suggest that such a
      combined experimental and theoretical approach reduces the limitation of previous
      techniques that depended largely on physical characteristics of the assay and
      more closely identifies and measures intrinsic properties of cell motility.

PMID- 3861752
TI  - Analysis of human monocyte chemoattractant binding by flow cytometry.
AB  - The chemotactic peptide fMet-Leu-Phe-Lys is a potent chemoattractant for human
      blood monocytes. However, only one-third of the monocytes respond. To determine
      whether or not lack of response reflected absence of attractant receptors, we
      equilibrated peripheral blood mononuclear cells with fMet-Leu-Phe-Lys-FITC and
      analyzed binding by flow cytometry. The fluoresceinated peptide bound rapidly at
      0 degree C, and the amount bound approached saturation with increasing
      concentration. The percentage of blood monocytes that bound the peptide was 60 +/
      8 (SEM for seven experiments). In contrast, only 36 +/- 3% (SEM for 16
      experiments) of monocytes responded to the attractant by directed migration. It
      follows that, among the 64 nonmigrating monocytes per 100 total monocytes,
      approximately 40, or two-thirds of them, fail to bind attractant; the remaining
      one-third bind attractant but do not respond with directed movement.

PMID- 3861753
TI  - Dorsal lateral plate mesoderm influences proliferation and differentiation of
      hemopoietic stem cells derived from ventral lateral plate mesoderm during early
      development of Xenopus laevis embryos.
AB  - The developmental pattern of dorsal and ventral lateral plate mesoderm was
      examined by explanting these regions and culturing them in serum-free conditions
      for 10 days. Under these circumstances, ventral lateral plate mesoderm gave rise
      to hemopoietic cells, and dorsal lateral plate mesoderm gave rise to stromal
      cells. Comparison of the differentiation pattern observed when dorsal and ventral
      mesoderm were cultured separately versus the pattern observed when dorsal and
      ventral mesoderm were cultured together revealed that dorsal mesoderm influenced
      the differentiation of ventral-derived hemopoietic cells. Ventral mesoderm
      cultured alone gave rise to erythrocytes and granulocytes. However, in the
      presence of dorsal mesoderm, ventral mesoderm gave rise to erythrocytes,
      monocytes, and granulocytes. Moreover, dorsal mesoderm functioned to maintain the
      proliferation and differentiation potential of progenitor cells as determined
      using a colony-forming cell assay (CFU-c).

PMID- 3861754
TI  - The current status of human monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells.

PMID- 3861755
TI  - Effect of surgical bursectomy on the ellipsoid, ellipsoid-associated cells, and
      periellipsoid region of the chicken's spleen.
AB  - Surgical bursectomy resulted in cellular depletion of the periellipsoid white
      pulp, confirming its bursa dependency. Also, in bursectomized birds, the
      ellipsoid could not be identified, although a small number of abnormal ellipsoid
      associated cells (EAC) were observed in the periellipsoid region. The most
      characteristic finding was the degeneration of the EAC. Degeneration of EAC
      indicated that the intact bursa was mandatory for normal differentiation of cells
      of the periellipsoid white pulp into EAC. The promoting effect of the bursa might
      take place by a bursal hormone. The histological impairment of the EAC was
      followed by reduced carbon binding and migrating capabilities. Bursectomy
      resulted in a shift in bacterial phagocytosis in that many cells of the
      periellipsoid phagocytosed Salmonella. The reduced heterophil infiltration of the
      ellipsoid in bursectomized birds might be explained by the impaired granular
      content of the EAC. The impaired migration capability of the EAC might contribute
      to the low number of germinal centers in bursectomized birds.

PMID- 3861756
TI  - Monocytic origin and postnatal mitosis of intravascular macrophages in the
      porcine lung.
AB  - Ultrastructural studies of near-term to 2-month-old pigs were done to document
      characteristics and developmental changes of intravascular macrophages in
      pulmonary capillaries. Evidence is presented that blood monocytes colonize the
      porcine lung perinatally, replicate within capillaries postnatally, and attach to
      endothelium by intercellular junctions during differentiation. Major
      ultrastructural features of differentiated intravascular macrophages are adhesion
      to capillary endothelium, pseudopods, phagosomes, and tubular structures of
      micropinocytosis vermiformis. Ultrastructure indicates that intravascular
      macrophages are cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system involved in several
      functions (eg, blood cell sequestration) that are usually attributed to
      hepatolineal macrophages. In newborn and 3-day-old pigs, the majority of cells
      closely apposed to endothelium consisted of few differentiated monocytes, but in
      7-day-old and older animals, most cells that were joined to endothelium had
      characteristics of differentiated intravascular macrophages.

PMID- 3861757
TI  - Ki-M2R, a new specific monoclonal antibody, discriminates tissue macrophages from
      reticulum cells and monocytes in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Utilizing rat peritoneal macrophages as the immunogen, a new monoclonal antibody
      enabling differential monitoring of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) by
      immunohistochemistry has been raised. Designated Ki-M2R, this antigen could be
      detected with the immune alkaline phosphatase reaction on all macrophages
      including those of bone marrow, lymphatic sinuses, lymphoid follicles, splenic
      red pulp, and von Kupffer cells of the liver, as well as on macrophages of
      connective tissue, renal interstitial tissue, serous cavities, and
      gastrointestinal tract. Langerhans cells--the MPS-derived reticulum cells of the
      epidermis--interdigitating reticulum cells, and dendritic reticulum cells of
      lymphoid follicles were invariably negative. Blood monocytes were rendered
      positive only after evolving into macrophages upon appropriate stimulation. Thus,
      Ki-M2R selectively labels monocytes after transformation into macrophages.

PMID- 3861758
TI  - The economics of American dentistry: no need to panic.

PMID- 3861759
TI  - A look at dental manpower and related issues.

PMID- 3861760
TI  - The private dental school's dilemma.

PMID- 3861761
TI  - Dental manpower--the dental school's dilemma in a state institution.

PMID- 3861762
TI  - The future of dentistry.

PMID- 3861763
TI  - Commentary on resistance to fracture by twisting: ANSI/ADA Specification No. 28
      and No. 58.

PMID- 3861764
TI  - An in vitro comparison of the efficacy of the step-back technique versus a step
      back/ultrasonic technique in human mandibular molars.

PMID- 3861765
TI  - Root canal wall thickness of mandibular molars after biomechanical preparation.

PMID- 3861766
TI  - The pH of local anesthetic/calcium hydroxide solutions.

PMID- 3861767
TI  - The effects of various sterilization methods on the torsional strength of
      endodontic files.

PMID- 3861768
TI  - Osseous healing kinetics after apicoectomy in monkeys: II. A quantitative
      histological appraisal.

PMID- 3861769
TI  - Sulfate conjugation of monoamines in human brain: purification and some
      properties of an arylamine sulfotransferase from cerebral cortex.
AB  - An arylamine sulfotransferase (PST-M) from human brain cortex that is involved in
      the formation of O-sulfate esters of monoamines has been purified 272-fold by
      ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange
      chromatography, chromatofocussing, and hydroxyapatite chromatography. A molecular
      weight of 62,000, pK of pH 5.8, and an optimum pH for the reaction at 7.8-8.0
      with respect to tyramines have been determined. This enzyme possesses an
      extremely high affinity for dopamine and m-tyramine based on the low Km values
      and is moderately active toward noradrenaline and p-tyramine. Serotonin is a poor
      substrate. In contrast, another sulfotransferase, PST-P, which has been separated
      from PST-M and partially purified, exhibited a very high affinity for phenol and
      nitrophenols but was inactive toward the amine sulfate acceptors. In the human
      brain the specific activity toward dopamine as well as the ratio of activity
      toward dopamine/phenol was considerably higher than those for rat, hog, and
      bovine brains.

PMID- 3861770
TI  - Glucocorticoid-mediated increases in glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase activity is
      inhibited by the phorbol ester tumor promoters.
AB  - An oligodendroglial specific property, glucocorticoid regulation of glycerol-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) levels, was inhibited in C6 rat glioma cells when
      4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was added to the cultures. PMA
      inhibited GPDH induction in both logarithmic- and stationary-phase cells. These
      events are most likely mediated through the phorbol ester receptor since the
      ability of various phorbol ester analogs to compete with the ligand [3H]4 beta
      phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate for binding to the receptor correlates with the ability
      the particular analog has to inhibit GPDH induction. Additionally, like tumor
      promotion in vivo, the inhibition of GPDH induction is reversible. The PMA effect
      is not restricted to the C6 cell line since PMA also inhibits GPDH inducibility
      in another rat glioma cell line. This PMA-mediated event has been partially
      characterized. PMA did not affect the overall rate of protein or RNA synthesis.
      It was ineffective in altering both glucocorticoid accumulation to the nucleus
      and the rate of GPDH degradation. It appears likely that PMA's inhibitory action
      occurs at the transcriptional or translational level.

PMID- 3861772
TI  - Factors affecting geriatric dental care in Nebraska.

PMID- 3861771
TI  - 13-Deoxycarminomycin, a new biosynthetic anthracycline.
AB  - A new antitumor antibiotic, 13-deoxycarminomycin, has been isolated from the
      anthracycline complex produced by Streptomyces peucetius var. carminatus (ATCC
      31502), a biochemical mutant of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius, the
      doxorubicin-producing microorganism. The new anthracycline, showing antibacterial
      and cytotoxic activity in vitro, was found active against P-388 murine leukemia.

PMID- 3861773
TI  - Tourette syndrome and HLA.
AB  - Five kindreds with multiple individuals manifesting Tourette syndrome (TS) or
      related abnormal movements were evaluated for linkage between TS and HLA-A, B, C
      and DR antigens. Families were selected to have a constellation of affected
      individuals which gave the appearance of transmission of a major susceptibility
      gene. All kindreds had at least two clearly affected first or second degree
      relatives. Although developmental neurobehavioral disorders are candidates for
      showing a relationship to specific tissue antigens, we found no evidence for a
      close linkage between a gene locus determining susceptibility to TS and the HLA
      loci.

PMID- 3861774
TI  - Therapy of CNS leukemia with intraventricular chemotherapy and low-dose neuraxis
      radiotherapy.
AB  - Successful treatment of CNS leukemic relapse has been frustrated by frequent
      local recurrence and eventual marrow relapse. We describe the treatment of
      meningeal leukemia in 39 children with intrathecal remission induction followed
      by the placement of an Ommaya reservoir to facilitate the administration and
      distribution of chemotherapeutic agents into the CSF. Six hundred or 900 rad of
      craniospinal radiation and maintenance intraventricular and intrathecal
      chemotherapy was then administered. Systemic reinduction therapy was added in the
      later cases. Sixteen children (41%) experienced no further events, with 17+
      months to 13+ years (median, 25 months) follow-up . Eleven patients (28%) had CNS
      recurrence, nine (23%) bone marrow (BM) relapse, and two (5%) testicular relapse
      as the next adverse event. The course of patients with first isolated CNS relapse
      differed from that of the others. Eleven (69%) of 16 patients treated for first
      isolated CNS relapse are alive and 9 are event free, while only 35% of patients
      whose CNS relapse occurred simultaneously or after recurrent disease at other
      sites are alive (P = .04). Seven of 23 in the later group are event free. The
      difference is due to the increased incidence of BM relapse in the later group
      (30% v 6%; P = .04). For patients with first isolated CNS relapse, the life-table
      median CNS remission duration is 42 months. The projected CNS relapse-free
      survival and event-free survival 8 to 10 years after CNS relapse are 40% and 32%,
      respectively. Headache, nausea, and emesis of short duration were frequent during
      therapy. In three patients, the reservoir had to be removed for infection. No
      patient suffered neurologic deficit related to the reservoir. The therapy
      described can reduce the CNS relapse rate with manageable toxicity. Systemic
      relapse is still a major problem after multiple CNS relapse and in those in whom
      the CNS relapse follows or is simultaneous with relapse at other sites.

PMID- 3861775
TI  - Detection of pulmonary metastases in patients with osteogenic and soft-tissue
      sarcomas: the superiority of CT scans compared with conventional linear tomograms
      using dynamic analysis.
AB  - A prospective serial evaluation in 19 patients with soft-tissue and osteogenic
      sarcomas was performed to determine whether computerized tomography (CT) or
      conventional linear tomography (LT) detected pulmonary metastases earlier.
      Analysis of the metastatic nodules was performed radiographically with histologic
      confirmation by obtaining serial CTs and LTs followed by metastasectomy. Nodules
      were classified as stable, growing, or developing and by detection on CT and/or
      LT. CT was the first positive study in a significantly greater number of patients
      (13 CT, 1 LT; P less than .005), and CT detected the nodules earlier than LT (56
      CT first v 7 LT first; P less than .0001). Ninety of 166 nodules resected were
      detected by CT, LT, or both (54%). The median size of metastatic nodules
      documented at surgical exploration and first detected by CT was significantly
      smaller than that first detected by LT (7.6 mm for CT v 13.2 mm for LT; P less
      than .05). Of 55 histologically documented metastases detected initially either
      by CT or LT, CT was markedly superior to LT with 50 (91%) first detected only by
      CT (P less than .001). These data reveal that CT detects more pulmonary
      metastases earlier than LT and that developing or growing nodules in patients
      with sarcomas are usually metastases. Decisions regarding metastasis resection in
      sarcoma patients, therefore, should be based primarily on CT findings.

PMID- 3861776
TI  - Acute leukemia following testicular carcinoma.

PMID- 3861777
TI  - The in-house technician.

PMID- 3861778
TI  - Why general dentists refer patients to periodontists.

PMID- 3861779
TI  - Living in retirement.

PMID- 3861780
TI  - The dental hygienist. Insights into career satisfaction.

PMID- 3861781
TI  - Time management.

PMID- 3861782
TI  - Stay incorporated. Here's why.

PMID- 3861784
TI  - What investments offer the best return and the highest degree of safety for
      retirement plans?

PMID- 3861783
TI  - Using computers to enhance dental practice.

PMID- 3861785
TI  - The alphabet soup. More on the debate.

PMID- 3861786
TI  - The diagnosis of ulcerative vesicular and bullous lesions.

PMID- 3861787
TI  - Dentofacial disharmonies.

PMID- 3861788
TI  - Modified Maryland splint for mobile mandibular incisors.

PMID- 3861789
TI  - The impaired dentists program.

PMID- 3861790
TI  - Dental professional liability rates skyrocket. NJDA searches for solutions.

PMID- 3861791
TI  - Combined-modality treatment of osteogenic sarcoma of the skull.
AB  - The authors present the results of combined-modality treatment in eight patients
      with osteosarcoma of the skull. Six patients had de novo tumors, and two others
      had secondary sarcomas resulting from malignant transformation in Paget's
      disease. Wide surgical excision and combination chemotherapy were used in seven
      patients, and surgery and radiation therapy were employed in one case. Following
      chemotherapy, six patients underwent additional surgery. This aggressive approach
      resulted in four long-term survivors among the patients with de novo tumors.
      These data suggest that surgery in combination with chemotherapy provides the
      best potential for long-term disease control in patients with osteosarcoma of the
      skull.

PMID- 3861792
TI  - ACNU-resistant mutants of 9L rat glioma cell line. Isolation and preliminary
      characterization of these subclones.
AB  - Three ACNU-resistant subclones were isolated and characterized from a wild-typed
      9L rat glioma cell line in culture. At an early stage after cloning, these ACNU
      resistant subclones showed a high frequency of chromosomal aberrations compared
      with nonresistant 9L cells. These ACNU-resistant subclones revealed a cross
      resistance to BCNU, CCNU, methyl CCNU, nitrogen mustard, cyclophosphamide, and
      cis-platinum, which are alkylating agents. Further studies are necessary to
      clarify the mechanisms of ACNU-resistance from the aspect of repair of DNA
      alkylation damage.

PMID- 3861793
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of an indium-111-labeled monoclonal antibody in cancer patients.
AB  - We have evaluated the pharmacokinetics in patients of a monoclonal antibody (19
      9) F(ab')2 fragment coupled with DTPA and labeled with 111In. In addition to
      imaging and organ uptake determinations, serum and urine samples were analyzed to
      help determine the in vivo behavior of the label. Using a competitive binding
      assay, the immunoreactivity of the coupled fragment was found to be
      indistinguishable from that of the unmodified fragment. The absence of
      radiocolloids in the injectate was confirmed as was the in vivo stability of the
      attached DTPA groups. By a variety of techniques, we show that the only
      significant source of label instability was transcomplexation to circulating
      transferrin. About 9% per day of label exposed to transferrin (about 1-2% of the
      injected dose) dissociated with slight bone marrow accumulation. Following i.v.
      administration, serum activity levels fell rapidly (T 1/2 alpha 2 hr, T 1/2 beta
      19 hr). Whole-body clearance of the label was slow (T 1/2 160 hr) and may be
      attributed entirely to urinary excretion (0.26% of the injected dose per hour).
      Organ accumulation was greatest in the liver and persisted after rapidly
      attaining high values (20% of the injected dose). A total of 14 cancer patients
      were studied, nine with identifiable sites of metastatic disease from colorectal
      [8], pancreatic [2], ovarian [3], or small cell lung [1] primaries. Eight of the
      12 sites of documented tumor were visualized by external imaging (67%) most
      distinctly at 48-72 hr postadministration.

PMID- 3861794
TI  - The characteristics of blood-borne radiolabels and the effect of anti-mouse IgG
      antibodies on localization of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody in cancer
      patients.
AB  - Quantitative and qualitative aspects of the blood survival of 131I and 111In
      labeled monoclonal antibody 791T/36 have been examined in patients with colo
      rectal carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma and osteogenic sarcoma who were receiving
      labeled antibody in diagnostic immunoscintigraphy trials. The blood clearance of
      intact antibody radiolabeled with either 131I or 111In was similar. A bi-phasic
      decline of both radiolabeled preparations was measured with initial half-lives
      0.62 and 0.42 days for 131I and 111In labels and then with 1.85 and 1.40 day half
      lives, respectively. The Fab fragment of the antibody was lost more rapidly
      (initial half-life 0.20 days and then 0.78 days). Blood-borne radioactivity was
      associated predominantly with plasma rather than cellular elements. Radioactivity
      was still attached to undegraded, uncomplexed, and immunologically active
      antibody as demonstrated by molecular filtration, immune precipitation, and
      antigen binding assays. However, anti-mouse-IgG antibody detected within 7 days
      of administration of radiolabeled antibody was present for at least 10 mo and has
      implications for the efficiency of repeated image studies.

PMID- 3861795
TI  - A descriptive analysis of the status of maternal and infant health care in New
      York State.

PMID- 3861796
TI  - Critical issues in nursing education.

PMID- 3861797
TI  - Keynote address: overview of critical issues in nursing education.

PMID- 3861798
TI  - Critical issues in nursing education. Response.

PMID- 3861799
TI  - Critical issues in higher education: an administrative perspective.

PMID- 3861800
TI  - Critical issues in nursing education: the clinical laboratory.

PMID- 3861801
TI  - Major issues in postsecondary education in New York State.

PMID- 3861802
TI  - Recording nursing's past: the oral history project of the New York State Nurses
      Association.

PMID- 3861803
TI  - Malignant biopsies from the University of Oklahoma Oral Pathology Laboratory.

PMID- 3861804
TI  - An approach to evaluating dental office computer requirements.

PMID- 3861805
TI  - Oral pathology unknown. Histoplasmosis.

PMID- 3861807
TI  - ABC's periodontics. "L" is for lichen planus and leukoplakia.

PMID- 3861806
TI  - The four most common alterations of the teeth, periodontium and oral soft tissues
      observed in smokeless tobacco users: a literature review.

PMID- 3861808
TI  - Congenital malformation: dental features of acardia--case report.

PMID- 3861809
TI  - Prenatal ulceration of the tongue seen in association with a natal tooth.

PMID- 3861810
TI  - Median rhomboid glossitis in an infant. Report of a case.

PMID- 3861811
TI  - Conservative management of a fractured mandible in a ten month old child.

PMID- 3861812
TI  - Congenital duplication of mandibular rami in Klippel-Feil syndrome.

PMID- 3861813
TI  - Oral status of "controlled" adolescent type I diabetics.

PMID- 3861814
TI  - Alveolar soft-part sarcoma of the oral cavity. Report of a case.

PMID- 3861815
TI  - Traumatic neuroma occurring at a site of intraosseous wiring 15 years after the
      operation.

PMID- 3861816
TI  - Oral cavernous hemangioma with atypical presentation.

PMID- 3861817
TI  - Oral lichen sclerosus et atrophicus: (report of a case).

PMID- 3861818
TI  - A dentist's approach to difficult patients.

PMID- 3861819
TI  - Minocycline induced pigmentation of the oral cavity.

PMID- 3861821
TI  - Mini-residencies--pro and con.

PMID- 3861820
TI  - Clinical notes in therapeutics: psychotropic drugs for the management of chronic
      pain.

PMID- 3861822
TI  - A pin-in-groove technique for reduction of displaced subcondylar fractures of the
      mandible.

PMID- 3861823
TI  - Odontogenic fibroma of the complex (WHO) type: report of six cases.
AB  - Six cases of the complex (World Health Organization) type of odontogenic fibroma
      are described. The relationships of these lesions to the simple type of
      odontogenic fibroma, desmoplastic fibroma, and to certain reactive lesions are
      discussed.

PMID- 3861824
TI  - Use of prophylactic antibiotics in temporomandibular joint surgery.
AB  - Retrospective and prospective studies were conducted on the incidence of
      infection in a population of 230 patients undergoing temporomandibular joint
      surgery. In the retrospective study, 136 patients were treated with cephalosporin
      antibiotics before, during, and after surgery. In the prospective study, 94
      patients were treated without antibiotic coverage. The number of infections in
      the two groups was not significantly different.

PMID- 3861825
TI  - Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in a black African population: report of thirteen
      cases.
AB  - The records of the Cancer Registry of University College Hospital in Ibadan,
      Nigeria, were reviewed for the incidence of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor from
      1961-1982. Thirteen cases of the tumor were found. Clinical, histologic, and
      radiologic features of the 13 cases are reported. Many features were similar to
      previous reports of this tumor, but an increased ratio of males to females and
      preference for the mandible was observed. It is suggested that these factors may
      be peculiar to Nigerians. A few cases showed an unusual posterior location of
      tumor.

PMID- 3861826
TI  - Tumors of the salivary glands: clinical analysis of 68 cases.
AB  - Sixty-eight cases of tumors of the salivary glands treated at one institution
      over a six-year period were classified according to the World Health Organization
      criteria (Thackray AC, Sobin LH: Histological Typing of Salivary Gland Tumours.
      WHO, Geneva, 1972). Parotid, submandibular, and minor tumors were classified as
      epithelial, nonepithelial, or unclassified tumors or as allied conditions.
      Symptoms, demographic features, and management of the tumors are discussed.

PMID- 3861827
TI  - Clear cell ameloblastoma--an odontogenic carcinoma.
AB  - Two cases of aggressive intraosseous epithelial tumor of the jaws are presented.
      Both tumors demonstrated an unusual biphasic pattern with areas of acceptable
      follicular ameloblastoma together with a conspicuous clear-cell component. The
      clinical course indicates these lesions should be considered as low grade
      odontogenic carcinomas. Further subclassification according to the World Health
      Organization classification and the recently proposed modification by Elzay is
      discussed.

PMID- 3861828
TI  - Desmoplastic fibroma of the maxilla.
AB  - A case of desmoplastic fibroma of the right maxilla is reported. The lesion
      presented as a painless mass in the right posterior alveolar ridge of a 22-year
      old white man. Histologically, the lesion was composed of interlacing fascicles
      of benign-appearing fibroblasts in a varying ground substance of collagenous and
      myxoid tissue. The lesion was not encapsulated histologically and was invading
      between bone trabeculae resulting in resorption of the bone. A review of the
      literature reveals that a total of 30 cases of desmoplastic fibroma of the jaws
      have been reported. All of the mandibular lesions except two were reported to
      have occurred in the left side, with the molar-ramus region favored. The case
      reported here is, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported case of
      desmoplastic fibroma occurring in the maxillary alveolar process.

PMID- 3861829
TI  - Case 56: intraosseous tumor of the maxilla.

PMID- 3861830
TI  - The lingual application of a reconstruction plate: a new method in bridging lower
      jaw defects.

PMID- 3861831
TI  - A destructive lesion of the anterior maxilla.

PMID- 3861832
TI  - Case report: a possible variant of otodental syndrome.

PMID- 3861833
TI  - Dental health of children with cystic fibrosis: an interim report.

PMID- 3861834
TI  - Symptoms of TMJ dysfunction: indicators of growth patterns?

PMID- 3861835
TI  - Radiographic considerations in pedodontics.

PMID- 3861836
TI  - Effectiveness of posterior crossbite correction during the mixed dentition.

PMID- 3861837
TI  - Determining the caries at-risk child: Part III. The relationship between
      morphology of maxillary dentition and occurrences of focal demineralization
      lesions and caries.

PMID- 3861838
TI  - Double teeth: the incidence of gemination and fusion.

PMID- 3861839
TI  - Traumatic impaction of a maxillary primary incisor into the nasal cavity.

PMID- 3861840
TI  - Repair of root fractures.

PMID- 3861841
TI  - The peripheral giant cell granuloma.

PMID- 3861842
TI  - Pocket formation 3 years after comprehensive periodontal therapy. A retrospective
      study.
AB  - The records of 50 adult patients were studied to determine the incidence of
      pocket formation 3 years following periodontal therapy. These patients were
      treated at the Post-graduate Periodontal Clinic of Tufts University School of
      Dental Medicine and were subsequently placed on a 3-month maintenance schedule. A
      total of 1080 teeth with probing depths of 3 mm or less at the end of active
      therapy were examined. Before treatment 305 teeth (28.2%) had probing depths of 1
      to 3 mm, 480 (44.4%) had depths of 4 to 5 mm and 295 (27.4%) had depths of 6 mm
      or more. Three years after active treatment 944 teeth (87.4%) had probing depths
      of 1 to 3 mm, 110 (10.2%) had 4 to 5 mm depths and 26 (2.4%) had depths of 6 mm
      or more. Pockets developed more frequently in maxillary than mandibular teeth, in
      molars more than in any other tooth type and in those teeth which before
      treatment had pockets of 6 mm or more. Pockets were less likely to develop in
      patients with good plaque control and in patients below the age of 40.

PMID- 3861843
TI  - Lactic acid production by oral Streptococcus mitis inhibits the growth of oral
      Capnocytophaga.
AB  - Various relationships including inhibition or stimulation of growth have been
      demonstrated among the bacteria present in dental plaque, both in vitro and in
      vivo. A large number of these relationships involved oral Streptococci. An
      earlier study found that strains of Streptococcus mitis inhibited the growth of
      potential periodontopathic microorganisms, such as Actinobacillus
      actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga and species of Bacteroides and
      Fusobacterium. The present investigation showed that this inhibitory effect
      resulted primarily from lactic acid production.

PMID- 3861844
TI  - Gingival and bacterial plaque response to instrumentation, oral hygiene
      instruction and nutritional therapy.
AB  - Thirty-three male subjects participated in a study to examine the effect of
      supplements of multiple vitamins and minerals, local therapy (periodontal
      instrumentation and oral hygiene instruction) and a combination of both on
      gingival inflammation and bacterial plaque formation. Subjects were given either
      multivitamin and mineral supplements or placebos on a double-blind basis for 21
      days. On Day 7, the mandibular incisors were instrumented, and each subject was
      instructed in brushing and flossing. Observations were taken at Days 0, 7 and 21.
      There was a significant (P = 0.004) effect from micronutrient supplementation at
      Day 7 on the gingival index but no significant effect on the plaque index. On Day
      21 there was no statistical superiority noted for the supplemented group in
      respect to either the gingival or plaque index, although the gingival index
      approached significance (P = 0.062).

PMID- 3861845
TI  - The Goldfarb Fear of Fat Scale.
AB  - These two studies introduce the Goldfarb Fear of Fat Scale (GFFS) as an
      assessment device for use with bulimic clients. Study I presents norms and
      reliability data for a high school sample, as well as pilot comparisons between
      anorexic and normal women. Study II demonstrates that the GFFS significantly
      differentiates between bulimics, repeat dieters, and non-dieting women. These
      results suggest that the GFFS may be utilized clinically as a diagnostic tool and
      indicator of change, which may assist in the early identification of bulimic
      individuals.

PMID- 3861846
TI  - Improvement of bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs. II. Effect of medium
      chain glyceride base on the intestinal absorption of cefmetazole sodium in rats
      and dogs.
AB  - The effect of medium chain glyceride (MCG) on the intestinal absorption of
      cefmetazole sodium (CMZ) was investigated in rats and dogs. In rats, MCG
      containing glyceryl mono-, di- and tri-caprylate enhanced the intestinal
      absorption of CMZ after intraduodenal administration, though the promoting effect
      of MCG was less than that after rectal administration. The promoting effect of
      MCG was found to be mainly due to glycerylmonocaprylate and dependent on the
      dosage of MCG. The plasma CMZ levels after intraduodenal administration as MCG
      solution tended to be slightly higher than those observed after administration as
      MCG emulsion, though the differences were found to be statistically
      insignificant. Moreover, the intestinal absorption of CMZ after intraduodenal
      administration as MCG emulsion was decreased significantly by increasing the
      amount of water in the emulsion. The promoting effect of MCG in dogs was more
      clearly demonstrated in the lower intestine than in the upper intestine.
      Furthermore, the oral bioavailability of pharmaceutical formulations of CMZ was
      also investigated in dogs. When enteric coated capsules filled with MCG solution
      were administered to dogs, the bioavailability of CMZ was enhanced significantly.

PMID- 3861847
TI  - [The connective-osteo-periosteal flap or COP flap].

PMID- 3861848
TI  - [Clinical study of the effectiveness of chlorhexidine gel on bacterial plaque
      accumulation].

PMID- 3861849
TI  - [High risk patients: identification and evaluation].

PMID- 3861850
TI  - [Histological study of dental and periodontal inclusions in a dermoid cyst of the
      ovary].

PMID- 3861851
TI  - [Clinical study of bioresorbable ceramic (Synthograft) in the treatment of
      intrabony lesions. 1: Clinical developments over a year].

PMID- 3861852
TI  - [The psychology of oral hygiene motivation].

PMID- 3861853
TI  - [S.E.M. study of the in vitro effects of a prophylaxis device (Cavijet) on tissue
      surfaces and dental restorative materials].

PMID- 3861854
TI  - [Changes occurring in the periodontal ligament and cementum in periapical
      infections].

PMID- 3861855
TI  - [Treatment of periodontal lesions with induced tooth movement: apropos of a
      case].

PMID- 3861857
TI  - A symposium on the Future of Dentistry Report: Implications for the public
      sector.

PMID- 3861856
TI  - Hypoxia releases a vasoconstrictor substance from the canine vascular
      endothelium.
AB  - Experiments were designed to determine the role of the endothelium in the
      facilitation by anoxia of contractile responses of isolated coronary arteries.
      Rings and strips of canine coronary arteries, with or without endothelium, were
      suspended for isometric tension recording in modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate
      solution. To determine the release of a vasoactive substance(s) from the
      endothelial cells, strips without endothelium were layered with strips containing
      endothelium. In rings and in layered preparations with endothelium, anoxia (95%
      N2-5% CO2) augmented contractile responses to prostaglandin F2 alpha. Hypoxia (10
      or 5% O2) caused contractions in the presence of indomethacin. Removal of the
      endothelium abolished the anoxic facilitation, and the hypoxic contractions.
      Inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase, lipoxygenase or phospholipase A2 or of adrenergic,
      serotonergic and histaminergic receptors did not prevent the response to anoxia.
      Likewise, inhibitors of the endothelium-derived factor(s) (quinacrine, phenidone
      and methylene blue) did not affect the anoxic facilitation. Hypoxia and anoxia
      caused contraction of coronary arteries without endothelium when layered with
      femoral arteries and veins with endothelium. Anoxic facilitation was observed in
      femoral arteries, but not in femoral veins, with endothelium. These experiments
      indicate that hypoxia and anoxia cause the release of a diffusible
      vasoconstrictor substance(s) from endothelial cells. The sensitivity of smooth
      muscle of different anatomical origin to the facilitatory mediator(s) varies.

PMID- 3861858
TI  - Dentistry's blueprint for the future.
AB  - This report deals with a three-year study by the American Dental Association
      pertaining to the Future of Dentistry. The report covers environment of
      dentistry, dental research, dental manpower, public and professional concerns,
      dental education, and dental practice. It concludes with the following
      recommendations: Convert public unmet need into demand for dental services.
      Prepare practitioners (existing and future) to be more patient/market oriented.
      Broaden practitioner's clinical skills and mix of services offered to the public.
      Influence the quality and quantity of the manpower supply. Stimulate research and
      development. Improve the profession's ability to favorably influence public
      policy.

PMID- 3861859
TI  - Impact on dental hygiene.
AB  - This paper reviews the six recommendations as approved by the House of Delegates
      of the American Dental Association in 1983. Each recommendation is reviewed in
      relation to public health and preventive dentistry as well as the established
      goal of dental hygiene: "To improve the public's total health by increasing the
      awareness of and access to quality oral health care and to position the dental
      hygienist as the preventive oral health professional." To reach this goal it is
      recommended that dental hygienists seek out opportunities in the public sector
      where there is more job satisfaction, their professional roles have higher
      acceptance with both coworkers and patients, and there is a high level of
      interaction with other health-care professionals.

PMID- 3861860
TI  - Does dentistry as we know it have a future?
AB  - The American Dental Association's Strategic Plan for the Future of Dentistry is
      primarily a self-serving document in that it attempts to protect the dentist
      regardless of the changing oral health needs of the population. Marketing, even
      if initially successful, will not increase the absolute demand for dental
      services, because persons on maintenance care require less care per year than
      sporadic users. Higher use will be balanced by less need. Excess supply creates
      incentive to overtreat. Today's dentist, as the dominant provider, does not have
      major motivation toward prevention, either by training or economic self-interest.
      The paper proposes that a modified hygienist, with more diagnostic training,
      should become the primary dental provider, with a better trained dentist as a
      secondary provider, combining problem solving and "surgical" skills. These
      changes would function best under a system combining group practice with a
      national health service.

PMID- 3861861
TI  - The new antifluoridationists: who are they and how do they operate?
AB  - Since Grand Rapids became the first community to adjust the fluoride content of
      its water supply, individuals and groups have objected to water fluoridation.
      Early opponents of fluoridation were often members of fringe groups or were
      associated with the health food movement, were chiropractors, or were Christian
      Scientists. Once these individuals and groups began exchanging ideas and
      experiences, national groups were formed for the sole purpose of fighting
      fluoridation. While most of these organizations lacked sufficient funding or
      expertise to have much impact outside of the communities where they were based,
      some national multi-issue organizations appeared that were well funded and that
      focused on antifluoridation as one of their goals. Through exploitation of
      society's current phobias about health and disease, these national groups have
      become increasingly successful in negatively influencing the public about the
      effectiveness, safety, and economy of community water fluoridation. Their tactics
      range from community actions aimed at local governmental bodies, to well
      organized local referenda, to litigation in state and federal courts, to lobbying
      state legislatures and the US Congress. Specific legal, community organizational,
      and political tactics employed by the antifluoride groups are reviewed and
      classified.

PMID- 3861862
TI  - A symposium on the new fight for fluorides.

PMID- 3861863
TI  - The opposition to fluoride programs: report of a survey.
AB  - State dental directors were surveyed in spring 1984 regarding fluoridation and
      fluoride programs. Forty-four states reported existing fluoride mouth-rinse
      programs in schools; 22, fluoride tablets in schools. About 90 percent of
      directors felt that support for fluoride programs by state departments of health
      and constituent dental societies either had remained the same or increased over
      the previous five years. Approximately half felt the antifluoridation movement to
      be as strong as five years earlier. About one-third indicated a shift in focus by
      water fluoridation opponents to include other fluoride systems. Most felt this
      shift occurred during 1981-82. Information was reported on 255 individual
      challenges to fluoride programs. Results of this survey indicate that expenditure
      of considerable resources and effort continues to be necessary to ensure the
      longevity of public fluoride systems.

PMID- 3861864
TI  - Priorities to preserve fluoride uses: rationales and strategies.
AB  - Well-planned, new initiatives are required to preserve fluoride uses, especially
      water fluoridation. Discussed are barriers to fluoride promotion, evidence about
      public and health-care providers' knowledge and opinions about fluoride use and
      decision making, implications of sources of public information on fluorides,
      consequences to professionals and the public of being misinformed about
      fluorides, and four general strategies for promoting fluorides under varying
      conditions. Educational and political initiatives must be appropriate to state
      needs and conditions. Four broad categories of actions include: diagnosis and
      planning for education/promotion; public and professional education under both
      noncontroversial and controversial conditions, political persuasion where
      required, and changing the context of fluoridation decision making to prevent
      public referenda on public health measures.

PMID- 3861865
TI  - Public health officials' perceptions of dental caries preventive methods.
AB  - The Wisconsin Division of Health has traditionally promoted the implementation of
      cost-effective dental public health caries prevention programs through the
      cooperation of communities, schools, and local health agencies. Because of the
      opportunities created by the division's goal to enhance the capabilities of local
      public health agencies and the difficult program-priority decisions produced by
      diminishing federal funding, an evaluation of the state's dental public health
      promotional efforts appeared appropriate. In 1982, as part of this evaluation
      process, an opinion survey of dental caries prevention methods was distributed to
      local public health officials. The survey instrument consisted of seven questions
      that ranked caries-prevention measures. The questionnaire return rate was 85
      percent, or 104 responses. Data were arrayed by frequency of rank, composite-rank
      score, and overall rank. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the
      significance of composite-score data. The results of the survey indicated that 1)
      local public health officials perceive consumer-passive and school-based caries
      preventive methods as the most effective and cost-beneficial means of preventing
      tooth decay in school-age children, 2) this knowledge could permit them to act as
      informed dental public health advocates, and 3) this knowledge may account for
      the implementation and maintenance of cost-effective public health caries
      prevention programs throughout Wisconsin.

PMID- 3861866
TI  - Applying an evaluation model to a dental public health program.
AB  - The applicability of an evaluation model applied to an urban dental public health
      program was assessed. The model required the specification of objectives and
      focuses on the accomplishment of these objectives and the associated costs. This
      model is primarily a goal model as contrasted with a system model; thus, the
      focus was on goal accomplishment. The model was simple to use and provided
      detailed evaluation information for use by administrators.

PMID- 3861867
TI  - Failure to detect specific binding sites for prostaglandin F-2 alpha in membrane
      preparations from rat endometrium.
AB  - Membrane preparations from endometria of rats in different physiological states
      (e.g. pseudopregnancy, ovariectomized animals receiving progesterone + oestradiol
      or oestradiol alone) were studied for [3H]PGF-2 alpha binding by methods which
      detected PGF-2 alpha binding in ovary preparations and PGE binding in the same
      endometrial preparations. There was no evidence of high-affinity binding sites
      for [3H]PGF-2 alpha. Saturable [3H]PGF-2 alpha binding that increased with the
      onset of uterine sensitivity was detected but this binding does not fulfil all
      the criteria required for a PGF-2 alpha receptor and is probably due to binding
      to PG metabolizing enzymes in our preparations, or to binding of [3H]PGF-2 alpha
      to PGE binding sites. The failure to detect specific PGF-2 alpha binding sites
      seems to reflect a true absence of these sites in the rat endometrium.

PMID- 3861868
TI  - Suppression of prostaglandin F-2 alpha release and delay of luteolysis after
      active immunization against oxytocin in the goat.
AB  - Active immunization against oxytocin significantly prolonged the oestrous cycle
      in 3 out of 4 goats; the mean (+/- s.e.m.) cycle length was 29.1 +/- 1.7 days (n
      = 12) compared to 19.4 +/- 0.6 days (n = 9) in control animals. During Days 10-21
      of the cycle in the 3 responsive goats, peripheral plasma concentrations of
      progesterone and oxytocin were steady and those of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto
      prostaglandin F-2 alpha were very low (50-100 pg X ml-1) with no marked pulsatile
      activity. The major effect of immunization would appear to be suppression of the
      synthesis of the uterine luteolysin PGF-2 alpha, thus confirming that endogenous
      oxytocin has a facilitatory role in luteolysis via prostaglandin production.

PMID- 3861869
TI  - Do small and large luteal cells of the sheep interact in the production of
      progesterone?
AB  - Corpora lutea from cyclic ewes were dissociated by collagenase and trypsin/EGTA
      treatments, and enriched fractions of small and large luteal cells were prepared
      on gradients of Ficoll. These fractions were incubated separately or remixed
      before incubation. Colchicine, cytochalasin B and the calcium channel-blocker
      verapamil significantly reduced progesterone production by both small and large
      luteal cell fractions, while isoprenaline stimulated an increase in progesterone
      production by large luteal cell fractions only. When fractions of small and large
      luteal cells were remixed, no more and no less progesterone was produced than
      would have been predicted from equivalent fractions incubated separately. There
      was therefore no evidence of synergism between small and large luteal cells in
      the production of progesterone. Prostaglandin F-2 alpha, which can inhibit LH
      stimulated progesterone production by ovine luteal tissue in vitro, had no effect
      on LH-stimulated progesterone production by small luteal cell fractions, but
      significantly inhibited that by enriched fractions of large luteal cells. Since
      large luteal cell fractions were contaminated with small luteal cells, which are
      probably responsible for the progesterone-secretory response of these fractions
      to LH, it was concluded that the inhibition of LH-stimulated progesterone
      production by small luteal cells is dependent on the presence of large luteal
      cells. Oxytocin added to large and small luteal cell fractions did not affect
      progesterone production by either fraction. It was therefore concluded that the
      inhibitory action of PGF-2 alpha on LH-stimulated progesterone production may
      require the interaction of large and small luteal cells, but that oxytocin is not
      likely to be an intermediary in this interaction.

PMID- 3861870
TI  - 8-Substituted guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine derivatives as potential inducers
      of the differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells.
AB  - A variety of 8-substituted guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine derivatives were
      synthesized and tested as inducers of the differentiation of Friend murine
      erythroleukemia cells in culture. The most active agents in the guanosine series
      were 8-substituted-N(CH3)2, -NHCH3, -NH2, -OH, and -SO2CH3, which caused 68, 42,
      34, 33, and 30% of erythroleukemia cells to attain benzidine positivity, a
      functional measure of maturation, at concentrations of 5, 1, 0.4, 5, and 5 mM,
      respectively. The 8-OH derivative of the 2'-deoxyguanosine series produced
      comparable activity, causing 62% benzidine-positive cells at a level of 0.2 mM.
      These findings indicate that 8-substituted analogues of guanosine and 2'
      deoxyguanosine have the potential to terminate leukemia cell proliferation
      through conversion to end-stage differentiated cells.

PMID- 3861871
TI  - An analysis of recent dental school graduates' perceptions of a practice
      management curriculum: the University of Michigan School of Dentistry.

PMID- 3861872
TI  - Automating the dental practice.

PMID- 3861873
TI  - Antepartum diagnosis: biopsy and culture of first trimester chorionic villi.

PMID- 3861874
TI  - Henoch-Schonlein purpura in pregnancy.

PMID- 3861875
TI  - Adenovirus 5 early region 1A host range mutants hr3, hr4, and hr5 contain point
      mutations which generate single amino acid substitutions.
AB  - The early region 1A (E1A) gene of adenovirus 5 encodes two proteins, 289AA and
      243AA, which are translated from mRNAs of 13S and 12S, respectively. These two
      E1A proteins are identical except for an internal stretch of 46 amino acids
      unique to the larger protein. The 289AA protein activates transcription from
      promoters of other early adenoviral genes. The adenovirus type 5 host range
      mutants hr3, hr4, and hr5 are unable to activate transcription of these early
      viral genes. We show here that hr3, hr4, and hr5 each contain a distinct missense
      mutation in the E1A gene. We first localized the mutations in a series of
      constructed wild-type-hr hybrid E1A genes by using a biological assay which can
      discriminate between functional and nonfunctional E1A proteins. We then
      identified the mutations by DNA sequencing. In hr3 lysine replaced methionine at
      position 176, and in hr4 phenylalanine replaced leucine at position 173; both
      substitutions occurred in the region unique to the 289AA protein. In hr5, due to
      the splicing patterns of the two mRNAs, asparagine replaced serine as the last
      amino acid in the unique region of the 289AA protein at position 185, while
      aspartic acid replaced glycine at position 139 in the 243AA protein, which is the
      last amino acid common to both proteins before the unique region. These results
      substantiate the role of the 289AA protein in transcriptional activation and
      underscore the importance of the unique region as the basis of the functional
      difference between the two E1A proteins. Implications as to how these mutations
      affect the structure and function of the E1A proteins in transcriptional
      activation and transformation are discussed.

PMID- 3861877
TI  - Consensus Conference. Limb-sparing treatment of adult soft-tissue sarcomas and
      osteosarcomas.

PMID- 3861876
TI  - Interferon prevents the generation of spontaneous deletions at the left terminus
      of vaccinia virus DNA.
AB  - In this report we have shown that Friend erythroleukemia cells persistently
      infected with vaccinia virus maintain the persistent infection even after 1 year
      of continuous interferon (IFN) treatment. The persistently infected cultures were
      responsive to IFN as determined by their ability to induce 2-5A synthetase, to
      increase the intracellular levels of 2-5A, and to cause rRNA cleavage. While
      large deletions at the left terminus of vaccinia DNA occurred readily in the
      virus population from untreated cells, IFN completely suppressed the generation
      of these spontaneous deletions. Removal of IFN from these cultures led to the
      appearance of similar deletions at the left terminus of the viral genome. The
      regions deleted contain more than half of the left-end inverted terminal
      repetition of the vaccinia genome. These findings show that IFN alters specific
      events associated with the generation of vaccinia DNA deletions.

PMID- 3861878
TI  - Limb salvage surgery for sarcomas: a good idea receives formal blessing.

PMID- 3861879
TI  - [JIS draft proposal for lung ventilators for medical use].

PMID- 3861880
TI  - Cephem antibiotics and alcohol metabolism.
AB  - Mechanisms of the disulfiram-like reaction of cephem antibiotics were studied.
      Changes in ethanol (EtOH) and acetaldehyde (AcH) levels in the blood with EtOH
      loading following daily intravenous administration of cephem antibiotics were
      determined in rats and the following were found: The daily intravenous injection
      of cefazolin, cefotiam (CTM), cefsulodin, cefoxitin or ceftizoxime in no way
      varied the changes in the EtOH and AcH levels in the blood with EtOH loading. The
      daily intravenous injection of cefmetazole, cefoperazone, cefamandole, latamoxef,
      cefmenoxime or cefotetan caused the AcH level in the blood to be elevated
      significantly until at least 8 hours after the EtOH loading, but was inert on the
      EtOH level on the blood. The daily administration of 1-methyl-2-tetrazoline-5
      thione (TZ), a compound having a partial structure similar to those of the cephem
      antibiotics elevating the AcH level in the blood on EtOH loading, was inert on
      the EtOH level in the blood but elevated the AcH level in the blood. The daily
      administration of 1-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-2-tetrazoline-5-thione (MTZ), a
      compound having a partial structure similar to that of CTM, was inert either on
      the EtOH or AcH level in the blood. The cephem antibiotics elevating the AcH
      level in the blood all had a (1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) thiomethyl group in the
      3 position of the aminocephalosporanic acid nucleus. It was though that the
      disulfiram-like reaction caused by the cephem antibiotics was derived from the
      elevation of AcH level in the blood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3861881
TI  - [Evaluation of ceftizoxime in the treatment of respiratory tract infections].
AB  - Ceftizoxime (CZX) was used for 33 patients with respiratory tract infections; 22
      patients with pneumonia, 3 patients with pulmonary abscess, 4 patients with
      diffuse panbronchiolitis and 4 patients with acute exacerbation of
      bronchiectasia. Clinical effects of CZX were evaluated in 33 patients; excellent
      in 16 and good in 14 patients. The efficacy rate was 91%. Bacteriological effects
      of CZX were prominent in 7 patients infected with S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae,
      K. pneumoniae and Citrobacter, but not in a patient infected with P. aeruginosa.
      The elimination rate was 92% (12/13). As the side effects, exanthema in 1 patient
      and gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea and vomiting) in 1 patient were observed.
      However, they improved without any treatment by cessation of CZX use. Abnormal
      laboratory findings were observed in 2 patients with elevated GOT and/or GPT.
      They normalized after cessation of drug. The usefulness of CZX was 82% (27/33).
      Therefore, CZX is a very useful drug and its effects are promising in clinical
      management of respiratory tract infections.

PMID- 3861882
TI  - [Comparison of new three tumor markers for pancreatic carcinoma: CA19/9, CA 125
      and DuPan 2].
AB  - Three new antigens reacting with monoclonal antibodies; CA 19/9, CA 125 and DuPan
      2, were evaluated for their clinical significance in the diagnosis of pancreatic
      carcinoma. CA 19/9 is confirmed to be the best marker in its specificity (97%)
      and sensitivity (85%). Even in patients with small carcinoma, 5 of 6 T 1 cases
      showed positive CA 19/9 values. Transient elevations were noted in obstructive
      jaundice either with malignant tumors or benign but chronic inflammatory process.
      CA 125 is elevated in 85% of patients with pancreatic carcinoma. It is considered
      to be a marker indicating serosal, namely peritoneal or pleural, invasion not
      only in malignant but also in benign diseases. A sandwich solid phase
      radioimmunometric assay for DuPan 2 was established and elevated antigenic levels
      were detected in 80% of patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma.

PMID- 3861883
TI  - [Diagnostic usefulness of serum levels of pancreatic oncofetal antigen (POA) and
      CA 19-9 in pancreatic cancers: monitoring of postoperative recurrences].
AB  - Serum levels of POA (EIA; less than 11.0 U/ml) and CA 19-9 (RIA; less than or
      equal to 37 U/ml) were measured in 54 patients with pancreatic cancer and 19
      patients with benign diseases of the pancreas. Although serum CA 19-9 and POA
      were elevated in 72.7% and 69.4% of patients with pancreatic cancer,
      respectively, patients in relatively early stage showed low percent of elevation.
      Therefore, these markers are unsuitable for early diagnosis of pancreatic
      cancers. However, these markers seem promising in differentiating preoperatively
      between pancreatic cancer and benign disease of the pancreas. These markers are
      also useful for monitoring the recurrence of pancreatic cancers. Of particular,
      patients with preoperatively high level seem good candidates for postoperative
      monitoring.

PMID- 3861884
TI  - [Clinical utility of tumor markers in gastric and colon cancer].
AB  - Serum TPA and CEA level were measured in patients with gastric or colon cancer
      during the course of surgical treatment, and those clinical utility was
      evaluated. Both markers level were shown to be highest in colon cancer, followed
      by gastric cancer, benign diseases, and healthy subjects. Late stage patients,
      especially inoperable patients or patients in recurrence showed significantly
      high TPA and CEA level compared to early stage patients. Both markers were
      considered to be useful not only postoperative following up for recurrence but
      also preoperative evaluation for resectability and prognosis and postoperative
      evaluation for the treatment itself.

PMID- 3861885
TI  - [A report of five cases of multiple cancer with hematologic malignancies].
AB  - Five patients with multiple cancers that included hematologic malignancies are
      described. The incidence of multiple cancers in hematologic malignancies has been
      8.8% in the past two and a half years at our hospital. The combinations were: 1)
      primary bilateral breast cancers and acute monocytic leukemia; 2) breast cancer,
      malignant lymphoma and gastric cancer; 3) malignant lymphoma and gastric cancer;
      4) malignant lymphoma and prostate cancer, and 5) colon cancer and multiple
      myeloma. Our experience suggests an increasing incidence of multiple cancer in
      hematologic malignancies.

PMID- 3861886
TI  - [The study on leukemic stem cell (L-CFU). I. Cytogenetic studies of the colonies
      obtained from leukemic patients].

PMID- 3861887
TI  - [A pediatric case of chronic myelogenous leukemia of an adult type characterized
      by meningeal leukemia as a manifestation of blastic transformation followed by
      renal tubular acidosis].

PMID- 3861888
TI  - [A case of chronic myeloid leukemia with elective splenectomy in the chronic
      phase and hepatic insufficiency due to leukemic cell infiltration in blast
      crisis].

PMID- 3861889
TI  - [A trial administration of small doses of Ara-C as a second step in remission
      induction in patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3861890
TI  - [A case of myeloproliferative disorder presenting as chronic neutrophilic
      leukemia with detection of Ph1 chromosome in long-term culture].

PMID- 3861891
TI  - [Tumor formation in the spinal cord and genital organs in hematological remission
      in a patient with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3861892
TI  - [Fusarium infection during the first remission induction therapy in a patient
      with acute lymphocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3861893
TI  - [Structural changes of cell membrane and cell differentiation induction].

PMID- 3861894
TI  - [A case of erythroleukemia with skin involvement].

PMID- 3861895
TI  - [Effect of biliary tract obstruction and cholangitis on serum CA 19-9 levels].

PMID- 3861896
TI  - Emerging impact of flow cytometry in predicting recurrence and survival in breast
      cancer patients.

PMID- 3861897
TI  - Changes in cellular lipid synthesis of normal and neoplastic cells during
      cytolysis induced by alkyl lysophospholipid analogues.
AB  - Susceptibility of eight different cell types of murine or human origins to alkyl
      lysophospholipid analogue (ALP)-induced cytolysis correlated well with a
      selective, dose-dependent inhibition of radiolabeled oleic acid incorporation
      into phosphatidylcholine (PC) and a concomitant stimulation of incorporation into
      neutral lipids (NL), mainly triacylglycerols. In resistant cells (murine
      macrophages, L929S, K562, and rMeth A) a counts per minute NL/counts per minute
      PC ratio of 0.8-1.0 was observed with 30 micrograms ALP/ml; in sensitive tumor
      targets (Meth A, HL60, YAC, and ABLS-8.1) values greater than 2.7 were found with
      5-10 micrograms ALP/ml. Changes in lipid metabolism preceded cytolysis in Meth A
      fibrosarcoma cells. In degradation experiments the percentage of total lipid
      radioactivity in PC was reduced after 24 hours to 47% compared to that in
      controls in sensitive Meth A with 10 micrograms ALP/ml. The macrophage-PC was
      unaffected at the same concentration. Sensitivity to ALP was independent of cell
      proliferation. Resistance was not restricted to normal cells and was inducible in
      Meth A (and rMeth A).

PMID- 3861898
TI  - Tobacco smoking, coffee drinking, and occupation as risk factors for bladder
      cancer in Greece.
AB  - Patients with bladder cancer (250 males and 50 females), consecutively admitted
      during a 2-year period in the major cancer hospital of Athens, and an equal
      number of age- and gender-matched comparison patients with orthopedic conditions
      were interviewed regarding demographic, socioeconomic, and biomedical
      characteristics, including their occupations and their use of coffee and tobacco
      prior to the onset of their present disease or condition. Analyses of the data
      showed that cigarette smoking is an important, statistically significant and dose
      dependent risk factor for bladder cancer, particularly in males (tobacco smoking
      is rare among older Greek women); drinking 2 or more cups of Greek coffee per day
      appears to be a risk factor for bladder cancer, independent of tobacco smoking,
      although the association is neither strong nor dose dependent; and a priori
      specified "high-risk" occupations were associated with an increased rate ratio
      for bladder cancer among men less than 65 years and among women in general but
      not among older men. The overall results of this study indicate that the
      established risk factors for bladder cancer in the United States and in other
      developed countries are, apparently, equally important for bladder cancer in
      Greece, despite the differences in composition and conditions of use of Oriental
      tobacco and Greek coffee and in the activities and exposures to carcinogens in
      the Greek work place.

PMID- 3861899
TI  - Involuntary smoking and lung cancer: a case-control study.
AB  - In a case-control study in 4 hospitals from 1971 to 1981, 134 cases of lung
      cancer and 402 cases of colon-rectum cancer (the controls) were identified in
      nonsmoking women. All cases and controls were confirmed by histologic review of
      slides, and nonsmoking status and exposures were verified by interview. Odds
      ratios (OR) increased with increasing number of cigarettes smoked by the husband,
      particularly for cigarettes smoked at home. The OR for women whose husbands
      smoked 20 or more cigarettes at home was 2.11 (95% confidence limits: 1.13,
      3.95). A logistic regression analysis showed a significant positive trend of
      increasing risk with increased exposure to the husband's smoking at home,
      controlled for age, hospital, socioeconomic class, and year of diagnosis.
      Comparison of women classified by number of hours exposed a day to smoke in the
      last 5 years and in the last 25 years showed no increase in risk of lung cancer.

PMID- 3861900
TI  - Development of virus-accelerated thymic lymphoma in AKR mice.
AB  - The progression of prelymphoma cells (PLC) in the bone marrow to lymphoma cells
      (LC) in the thymus in the presence of the lymphomagenic retrovirus SL3-3c was
      studied in a model system of virus-accelerated thymic lymphoma in AKR/J mice. On
      the average, a single LC appears in the thymus 30 days after the neonatal ip
      inoculation of SL3-3c virus; 50 days later, thymic lymphoma is clinically
      detectable. PLC in the bone marrow and oncogenic virus in the thymus are
      continuously present during this period before lymphoma develops. Biologically
      active oncogenic virus in the thymus increases as the animal nears the time of
      lymphoma development. Intrathymic inoculation, but not ip inoculation, of SL3-3c
      virus results in accelerated thymic lymphoma in 4- to 6-week-old AKR mice. PLC
      defined as a population of bone marrow-derived thymocyte progenitor cells
      susceptible to malignant transformation by oncogenic retrovirus after homing to
      thymus were further studied and characterized. PLC, like normal bone marrow
      thymocyte progenitors, were found to be radiosensitive and glucocorticoid
      resistant. Thymocytes of 21- to 28-day-old AKR mice, neonatally inoculated with
      SL3-3c virus, were studied for PLC. They could not be detected. It is concluded
      that lymphoma development is the final outcome of a series of events in which
      bone marrow-derived thymocyte progenitors are transformed after entering the
      thymus by virus in the thymic environment.

PMID- 3861901
TI  - Modulation of peroxidation in murine melanoma by dietary tyrosine-phenylalanine
      restriction, levodopa methylester chemotherapy, and sodium ascorbate
      supplementation.
AB  - Treatment with the drug combination of levodopa methylester and benserazide,
      supplemental ascorbate, and dietary deficiencies of tyrosine and phenylalanine
      more than doubled the median survival time of female (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 mice
      bearing B16 melanoma tumors. The mechanism for this antitumor effect was not well
      defined. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the antitumor
      activity of levodopa methylester and ascorbate against B16 melanoma is related to
      the generation of free radicals of oxygen, which peroxidize lipid constituents of
      cell membranes leading to cell death. As an indication of lipid peroxidation, the
      individual and combined effects of drug treatment and ascorbate supplementation
      on host and tumor malondialdehyde levels were examined in mice fed one of three
      test diets (commercial, purified, or deficient) containing decreasing amounts of
      tyrosine and phenylalanine. Malondialdehyde levels were increased in the livers
      of all untreated tumor-bearing mice, which suggests that the tumor alters host
      antioxidant defenses. Drug treatment and ascorbate supplementation alone and in
      combination increased hepatic malondialdehyde levels inversely to the amounts of
      tyrosine and phenylalanine in the diet, and the effects of drug and ascorbate on
      malondialdehyde levels were additive. Plasma levels remained unchanged by drug
      treatment, ascorbate supplementation, or tumors in mice fed the commercial or
      purified diets. Higher levels were observed only in tumor-bearing mice fed the
      deficient diet and given both drug treatment and ascorbate supplementation.
      Changes in tumor malondialdehyde levels generally correlated with the effects of
      the drug and ascorbate on survival time of mice bearing B16 melanoma. Tumors from
      mice fed the commercial diet accumulated little malondialdehyde, and therapy was
      relatively ineffective in this dietary group. In mice fed purified or deficient
      diets, drug treatment and ascorbate supplementation alone increased survival and
      tumor malondialdehyde levels, but the level of peroxidation in mice receiving the
      ascorbate supplementation was low compared to its greater antitumor effect on B16
      melanoma. Although ascorbate enhanced the peroxidative activity of the drug on
      B16 melanoma tumors, the effects of the drug and ascorbate on malondialdehyde
      levels were not additive. Ascorbate enhanced survival of tumor-bearing mice that
      were fed the deficient diet and that were treated with drug, which indicated that
      ascorbate supplementation acted via other mechanisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3861902
TI  - Estrogen effects on sister chromatid exchanges in mouse uterine cervical and
      kidney cells.
AB  - Uterine cervical fibroblasts and kidney cells from 3-to 4-day-old, previously
      untreated or phenobarbital [(PBA) CAS: 50-06-6]-treated female NMRI mice were
      cultured in vitro in the presence of diethylstilbestrol [(DES) CAS: 56-53-1] or
      17 beta-estradiol [(E2) CAS: 50-28-2]. DES at 10(-7) M in the culture medium
      increased the number of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE); no further increases
      was obtained with higher concentrations of DES. Pretreatment of the females with
      PBA resulted in an increase in SCE when DES was used in the range of 10(-7) to
      10(-5) M. The level of this increase was significantly higher than that in
      fibroblasts from untreated females. E2 had no effect. DES had no effect on SCE in
      kidney cells from PBA-treated females. Indomethacin and alpha-naphthoflavone
      reduced the number of SCE in PBA-exposed fibroblasts to an intermediate level.
      The presence of both enzyme inhibitors in the medium depressed the number of SCE
      to the control level.

PMID- 3861903
TI  - Induction of gliomas in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) following
      neonatal administration of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea.
AB  - Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were given an sc injection (40 mg/kg
      body wt) of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea [(ENU) CAS: 759-73-9] on postnatal day 1 (group
      I) or day 29 (group II). Untreated gerbils served as controls (group III). Of 32
      gerbils in group I, 10 (31%) developed a total of 14 gliomas after an observation
      period of 12 months, whereas no gliomas were observed in groups II and III. Seven
      gliomas were located in the spinal cord, 6 were in the cerebrum, and 1 was in the
      cerebellum. Histologically, all were oligodendrogliomas. In group II, 1 meningeal
      tumor (4%) was observed among 27 gerbils. ENU also induced cutaneous melanomas
      (22% in group I, 15% in group II, and 0% in group III), kidney hemangiomas (6% in
      group I, 26% in group II, and 0% in group III), and ameloblastomas of the lower
      jaw (6% in group I and 0% in groups II and III).

PMID- 3861904
TI  - Beta-glucuronidase release from leukocytes in children.
AB  - The release of beta-glucuronidase from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) is
      important in the killing of bacteria and in producing tissue damage in acute
      inflammation. To investigate the effects of various diseases or drugs on
      degranulation, we studied the kinetics of beta-glucuronidase release from PMNs
      exposed to opsonized zymosan. PMNs of children with bacterial infections
      demonstrated increased degranulation. Within 5, 15, and 30 min the PMNs released
      19 +/- 3%, 23 +/- 3%, and 26 +/- 3% of total beta-glucuronidase compared to 12 +/
      2%, 15 +/- 2%, and 16 +/- 2% of total beta-glucuronidase of control PMNs. Viral
      infections induced a significant delay of beta-glucuronidase release from PMNs.
      Maintenance therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with 6-mercaptopurine and
      methotrexate, as well as administration of vincristine, diminished the
      degranulation. After 5, 15, and 30 min the PMNs released 8 +/- 1%, 10 +/- 1%, and
      11 +/- 1%, as well as 6 +/- 3%, 8 +/- 2%, and 9 +/- 2% of total beta
      glucuronidase. This study demonstrated that bacterial infections stimulate beta
      glucuronidase release by PMNs. In contrast, cytostatic drugs inhibit lysosomal
      enzyme release, increasing the susceptibility to bacterial infections. The total
      enzyme activities were unchanged.

PMID- 3861905
TI  - Negative cultural attitudes: their retarding effect on proctology.

PMID- 3861906
TI  - How to diagnose anorectal pain.

PMID- 3861907
TI  - Screening for colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3861908
TI  - Flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy.

PMID- 3861909
TI  - Management of hemorrhoidal disease.

PMID- 3861910
TI  - Fecal impaction.

PMID- 3861911
TI  - Suppositories: are they effective?

PMID- 3861912
TI  - Lyme disease: a case report from South Carolina.

PMID- 3861913
TI  - Suppurative hand infections in children.

PMID- 3861914
TI  - An approach to treating severe osteopenia (osteoporosis).

PMID- 3861915
TI  - Clinical oral pathology--oral medicine. Presentation 1.

PMID- 3861916
TI  - Osteogenic sarcoma of the breast. A case report.

PMID- 3861917
TI  - The relationship between "zheng-syndromes" in traditional Chinese medicine and
      prostaglandins.

PMID- 3861918
TI  - [Changes in physical sensation during dental treatment].

PMID- 3861919
TI  - [Management of infected root canals in deciduous teeth].

PMID- 3861920
TI  - [Clinical use of soft lasers].

PMID- 3861921
TI  - The dental lab and the future. Perspective 1990: remember the '60s.

PMID- 3861922
TI  - The dental lab and the future. Why each employee's workload is your biggest
      challenge.

PMID- 3861923
TI  - How to get in to see the dentist.

PMID- 3861924
TI  - Setting standards: what the ADA does for dental alloys.

PMID- 3861925
TI  - Mechanical ventilation during magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3861926
TI  - Constitution and bylaws. Revised April 1985. Missouri Dental Association.

PMID- 3861927
TI  - Intrapulpal injection: adjunct to painless endodontics.

PMID- 3861928
TI  - Direct selection of mutants influencing gene conversion in the yeast
      Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
AB  - In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a suppressor-active mutation at the anticodon site
      of the tRNASerUCA gene sup3 leads to opal (UGA)-specific suppression. Second-site
      mutations (rX) in sup3 inactivate the suppressor. The sup3-UGA, rX double mutants
      are genetically unstable in meiotic selfings, due to the intergenic transfer of
      information between sup3 and the unlinked genes sup9 and sup12 (Hofer et al.
      1979; Munz and Leupold 1981; Munz et al. 1982). These three genes have
      considerable sequence homology over about 200 base pairs (Hottinger et al. 1982).
      Mutants showing a decrease or an increase of the meiotic instability at sup3 have
      been selected. One mutation (rec3-8) increases both the genetic instability and
      the frequency of intragenic recombination in sup3 by one order of magnitude. It
      has no effect on the stability of the nonsense alleles arg1-230 (UAA), ade6-704
      and ural1-61 (UGA) or on the frequency of crossing-over between sup3 and the
      closely linked gene cdc8. The existence of a common genetic control over
      intragenic recombination and genetic instability at sup3 provides a direct way of
      selecting for rec mutants in homothallic haploid strains of S. pombe carrying a
      suppressor-inactive allele of sup3. It also supports the hypothesis that the
      instability of mutant alleles of this gene is due to chromosome mispairing at
      meiosis allowing sup3 to pair with sup9 or sup12 and then to undergo
      recombination by gene conversion restoring the suppressor-active allele sup3-UGA
      from the suppressor-inactive allele sup3-UGA, rX.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3861929
TI  - Characterization of meiosis-deficient mutants by electron microscopy and mapping
      of four essential genes in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
AB  - Meiosis-deficient mutants of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe carrying
      mei1, mei2, mei3, mei4 and mes1 mutant alleles were characterized by electron
      microscopy and staining of the nucleus with 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.
      Zygotes of either mei1, mei2 or mei3 mutants contained one round nucleus with a
      single spindle pole body (SPB). These mutants were arrested before premeiotic DNA
      synthesis. Zygotes of mei4 mutants had one elongated nucleus containing thick
      electron-dense filaments (linear elements). In the mes1 mutant, the first meiotic
      division was completed but the SBPs did not duplicate. Modification of the SPB
      (outer plaque formation) was also blocked and the forespore membrane was not
      assembled. By haploidization, random spore and tetrad analyses, four essential
      genes for meiosis (mei2, mei3, mei4 and mes1) were mapped. Gene mei2 was located
      on chromosome I 14.2 cM distant from ura2. Gene mei3 was linked to ade7 (45.4 cM)
      on chromosome II. Gene mei4 was linked to cdc2 (0.6 cM) on chromosome II. Gene
      mes1 was linked to ura3 (25.3 cM) on chromosome I.

PMID- 3861930
TI  - Identification of the structural gene for the S9 ribosomal protein in the fungus
      Podospora anserina: a new protein involved in the control of translational
      accuracy.
AB  - AS9-1 was isolated as a mutation restoring growth in a strain carrying the
      ribosomal mutation su12-1. The AS9-1 mutation confers a weak antisuppressor
      effect and a low level of resistance to paromomycin. Two-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of the ribosomal proteins from AS9-1
      strains show an altered S9 protein which is more basic than the wild-type form.
      The presence of the two forms of the protein (wild-type and mutant) in
      heterocaryotic strains strongly suggests that AS9 is the structural gene for the
      ribosomal protein S9.

PMID- 3861931
TI  - Pesticide and familial leukaemia.

PMID- 3861932
TI  - Avascular necrosis of bone following combination chemotherapy for acute
      lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Avascular necrosis of bone (AVNB) is a known complication of systemic
      adrenocorticosteroid therapy, and one which is thought to be dose-related.
      However, despite the large amounts of prednisone which have been used in the
      standard treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), AVNB rarely has been
      reported in children with that disease. We described our experience with one
      adolescent with ALL who developed multifocal AVNB presenting as bone pain after
      aggressive chemotherapy that included a high cumulative dose of corticosteroids
      as well as other antitumor agents, some of which also have been associated with
      AVNB. Four similar cases from the literature are reviewed. Because the bone pain
      of AVNB can mimic that of leukemic relapse, this is an important entity to be
      aware of, and one which may become more common with increasingly aggressive
      combination chemotherapy.

PMID- 3861933
TI  - [Perspectives in the therapy of genetic diseases].

PMID- 3861934
TI  - Nucleotide sequence analysis and enhancer function of long terminal repeats
      associated with an endogenous African green monkey retroviral DNA.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence and enhancer activity of the long terminal repeats (LTRs)
      associated with a cloned endogenous African green monkey (AGM) retroviral DNA
      designated as lambda-AGM-1 was studied. A unique feature of the endogenous AGM
      proviral LTRs was the presence of multiple copies of two types of directly
      repeating units in the U3 region: 16 8-base-pair (bp) repeats were present in the
      5' LTR and 12 were present in the 3' LTR which were bound by a 6-bp perfect
      direct repeat; tandem duplication of a 32-bp sequence resulted in 3.5 copies in
      the 5' LTR and 2.5 copies in the 3' LTR. Nucleotide sequence homology was seen
      between the 8-bp direct repeats located in the AGM proviral LTRs and a 10-bp
      repeat unit of the deca-satellite present in AGM cellular DNA. The 32-bp repeats
      of the AGM proviral LTRs contained sequences which were related to the SV40 21-bp
      repeats and to the "core" of the SV40 72-bp enhancer element. Furthermore, the
      AGM provirus was distinct from known infectious retroviruses due to the presence
      of a primer-binding sequence complementary to the 3' terminus of mammalian
      tRNAGly. Functional analysis of the 3' LTR present in lambda-AGM-1 DNA by
      chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay demonstrated enhancer activity associated
      with the 32-bp direct repeats. Sequences outside the 32-bp unit were necessary
      for full activator function, suggesting the presence of multiple enhancer domains
      in the AGM provirus.

PMID- 3861936
TI  - Characterization of a dominant anti-Ia idiotype using the IA mutant mouse strain
      B6.C-H-2bm12.
AB  - Initial studies of antibody recognition of Ia molecules using the IA mutant mouse
      strain bm12 suggested that two anti-Ia monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 25-9-17 and
      34-5-3, share several features: (1) indistinguishable serologic specificity
      including a lack of reactivity with Iabm12, (2) binding of the same spatial
      epitope (cluster), and (3) definition of a cross-reactive idiotype (CRI) as
      defined by xenogeneic antisera. In the present study we characterize a rabbit
      anti-idiotype (anti-Id) to 25-9-17 by affinity chromatography, and demonstrate
      that it detects at least two distinct idiotopes, one shared by 25-9-17 and 34-5-3
      designated CRI (25-9-17) and one unique for 25-9-17 molecules. Experiments were
      also undertaken to determine whether CRI (25-9-17) represents a measurable
      component of allogeneic humoral responses to Iab antigens. By both absorption
      analyses of a polyspecific antiserum and production of antigenically-restricted
      antisera using bm12 mice, CRI (25-9-17) was found to represent a significant
      proportion of the antibodies to Iab. By several criteria it was shown that the
      CRI (25-9-17)+ molecules were among the antibodies defining the serologic lesion
      of bm12 mice. In preparation for future studies to alter in vivo T-cell responses
      involving recognition of Ia (e.g. graft vs host disease and allogeneic transplant
      rejection), various immunization protocols and mouse strains were tested for
      induction of Id (25-9-17) following in vivo administration of various anti
      idiotypic reagents. Rabbit anti-Id (25-9-17) successfully induced CRI (25-9-17)
      positive molecules in all strains tested regardless of IA or Ig genotype.
      Moreover, some of these treated mice produced antibodies to an Ia determinant
      missing on bm12 cells, suggesting that they recognize the same serologic
      determinant as mAb 25-9-17.

PMID- 3861935
TI  - Linker scanning mutagenesis of the 5'-flanking region of the mouse beta-major
      globin gene: sequence requirements for transcription in erythroid and
      nonerythroid cells.
AB  - We analyzed the sequences required for transcription of the mouse beta-major
      globin gene by introducing deletion and linker scanning mutations into the 5'
      flanking region and then studying the effects of these mutations on beta-globin
      gene transcription in a HeLa cell transient expression assay or after stable
      introduction into mouse erythroleukemia cells. Consistent with earlier studies,
      we found that three distinct regions upstream from the RNA capping site are
      required for efficient beta-globin gene transcription in HeLa cells: the ATA box
      located 30 base pairs upstream from the mRNA capping site (-30), the CCAAT box
      located at -75, and the distal sequence element CCACACCC located at -90. In the
      ATA and CAAT box regions, the sequences necessary for efficient transcription
      extend beyond the limits of the canonical sequences. Mutations in the sequences
      located between the three transcriptional control elements do not significantly
      affect transcription in HeLa cells. Although the promoter defined in HeLa cell
      transfection experiments is also required for efficient transcription in mouse
      erythroleukemia cells, none of the mutations tested affects the regulation of
      beta-globin gene transcription during mouse erythroleukemia cell differentiation.
      Thus, DNA sequences downstream from the mRNA cap site appear to be sufficient for
      the regulation of beta-globin gene expression during the differentiation of mouse
      erythroleukemia cells in culture.

PMID- 3861937
TI  - Dominant lethal study in male mice treated with ofloxacin, a new antimicrobial
      drug.
AB  - Ofloxacin (OFLX) in a single dose (250 or 2500 mg/kg) or 5 consecutive daily
      doses (125 or 1250 mg/kg) produced no dominant lethal mutational effects in male
      BDF1 strain mice during an 8-week mating schedule. Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS),
      used as a positive control, produced dominant lethal mutations within 1-3 weeks
      of mating.

PMID- 3861938
TI  - Screening for HTLV-III antibody.

PMID- 3861939
TI  - Transferrin and HLA: spontaneous abortion, neural tube defects, and natural
      selection.
AB  - We report evidence that transferrin C3, a gene present in 9 to 10 per cent of
      whites, is associated with recurrent spontaneous abortion (P = 0.001) and that
      maternal transferrin genotype has an effect on the transmission ratio of the
      common transferrin genes (C1, C2, and C3) from heterozygous fathers to normal
      offspring (P less than 0.002). The effect of maternal genotype on paternal gene
      transmission is an unusual example of the operation of selection in the human
      reproductive process. This effect, together with the separate evidence for
      association of the transferrin C3 allele with spontaneous abortion, indicates
      that transferrin is a second marker (in addition to HLA) of genes important in
      reproduction. On the basis of comparison of the frequencies of transferrin
      (chromosome 3) and HLA (chromosome 6) mating types in 348 control couples and in
      81 couples who had had a child with a neural tube defect, we hypothesize that
      some combinations of maternal and fetal genes on these two chromosomes may be
      associated with neural tube defects.

PMID- 3861940
TI  - Human transforming growth factor-beta complementary DNA sequence and expression
      in normal and transformed cells.
AB  - The partial amino-acid sequence of purified human transforming growth factor-beta
      (TGF-beta) was used to identify a series of cDNA clones encoding the protein. The
      cDNA sequence indicates that the 112-amino acid monomeric form of the natural TGF
      beta homodimer is derived proteolytically from a much longer precursor
      polypeptide which may be secreted. TGF-beta messenger RNA is synthesized in
      various normal and transformed cells.

PMID- 3861942
TI  - Big business for suppliers.

PMID- 3861941
TI  - DNA makes protein makes money.

PMID- 3861943
TI  - Hemochromatosis--an unusual arthropathy.

PMID- 3861944
TI  - Intermittent claudication due to cauda equina compression.

PMID- 3861945
TI  - An unusual cause of recurrent transient neurologic deficit.

PMID- 3861946
TI  - A big pain between the small toes.

PMID- 3861947
TI  - Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and lung disease: more of a problem for those
      of us in the Southeast.

PMID- 3861948
TI  - Early diagnosis of testicular carcinoma: self-examination of the testicle.

PMID- 3861949
TI  - North Carolina hospital utilization--we can change!

PMID- 3861950
TI  - Understanding the patient: medical words the doctor may not know.

PMID- 3861951
TI  - Sisyphus on the rocks--monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

PMID- 3861952
TI  - [The slice onlay].

PMID- 3861954
TI  - [Idiopathic root resorption].

PMID- 3861953
TI  - [Application of a problem-oriented treatment plan].

PMID- 3861955
TI  - [Attitude of Amsterdam dentists toward advertising].

PMID- 3861956
TI  - [Determinants of the (ir)regularity of dental attendance].

PMID- 3861957
TI  - [Evaluation of a new study program: the 2d academic year].

PMID- 3861958
TI  - Intracranial and otological presentation of acute lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - The authors report a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia in hematological
      remission who presented with both intracranial and otological manifestations of
      the disease. The patient presented with clinical symptoms and computed
      tomographic findings consistent with otomastoiditis and a contiguous brain
      abscess. However, both lesions were identified at operation as leukemic
      infiltrates. Intracranial mass lesions and otological complications associated
      with leukemia are reviewed.

PMID- 3861959
TI  - [Transcervical intra-amniotic induction with PgF2 alpha in missed abortion and
      labor in the 3d trimester of pregnancy with dead fetus. II].

PMID- 3861960
TI  - [Possibilities and limitations of the clinical use of specific monoclonal
      antibodies for epithelial ovarian carcinomas: CA125K].

PMID- 3861961
TI  - Abstracts of the eighth annual meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society. Osaka,
      Japan, November 23-25, 1984.

PMID- 3861962
TI  - Intraligamentary analgesia: a clinical study in private practice.

PMID- 3861963
TI  - The development of supernumerary teeth during fixed appliance orthodontic
      treatment: a case report.

PMID- 3861965
TI  - Serum fructosamine in patients with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Serum fructosamine was compared with other measures of blood glucose control in
      11 non-diabetic volunteers, 14 type 1 and 14 type 2 diabetic patients. Estimates
      of mean plasma glucose concentrations for the 28 diabetic patients were made by
      nine physicians, based on their interpretation of historical data, home capillary
      blood glucose profiles, fasting and random plasma glucose and plasma lipid
      levels. Significant differences between estimated and measured mean glucose
      levels were apparent with a tendency for physicians to underestimate mean blood
      glucose in the hyperglycaemic range (glucose greater than 11 mmol/l).
      Fructosamine results on the same patients correlated linearly both with mean
      plasma glucose concentrations (r = 0.86, p less than 0.001) and with glycosylated
      haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (r = 0.93, p less than 0.001) and correctly classified
      diabetes control in most patients. Despite marked fluctuations of plasma glucose
      concentration, serum fructosamine levels measured at different times of the day
      did not alter significantly. We conclude that a random serum sample analysed for
      fructosamine provides a simple and reliable means to measure the efficacy of
      therapy and often provides information superior to clinical assessment of
      diabetic control.

PMID- 3861964
TI  - Prevalence of hepatitis B infections in a multiracial New Zealand community.
AB  - Plans to control hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in a high risk mixed race
      community, included the need for prevalence studies of HBV markers. Accordingly
      7901 subjects, 93% of the population of Kawerau, where European and non-European
      children are present in almost equal numbers, were tested for hepatitis B surface
      antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs). Positive HBsAg sera were titred
      and tested for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). Highest rates for HBsAg and anti
      HBs combined, were found in the 15-19 year old age groups; 61.6% in Europeans and
      74.5% in non-Europeans. HBsAg prevalence was 4.2% and 18.2% respectively in the
      same groups. Ninety-six point four percent of 503 HBsAg positives followed up
      were confirmed as carriers. Infectivity as shown by HBeAg prevalence and HBsAg
      titre was highest in 0-10 year olds and declined with age. Prevalences were low
      in children aged less than one year old, suggesting that perinatal transmission
      was not a major factor in childhood carriage. Therefore attempts to control
      acquisition of carriage by vaccinating only those children of HBeAg positive
      mothers are unlikely to be successful.

PMID- 3861966
TI  - Private medical insurance and elective surgery during early childhood.
AB  - The relationship between private medical insurance coverage and rates of elective
      ENT surgery was studied in a birth cohort of seven-year-old children. This
      analysis suggested that private medical insurance coverage was associated with
      differences in patterns of elective surgery with children whose families were
      covered by insurance being more likely to receive elective ENT surgery by seven
      years and far more likely to receive this treatment at a private hospital. These
      trends persisted when the child's history of ear/throat infections and family
      social and economic background were taken into account statistically.

PMID- 3861967
TI  - The high cost of medicine: decision time.

PMID- 3861968
TI  - Eating attitudes tests.

PMID- 3861969
TI  - Asthma and diary/treatment cards.

PMID- 3861970
TI  - Repetitive strain injury (RSI) and magnesium and fluoride intake.

PMID- 3861971
TI  - Seat belts.

PMID- 3861972
TI  - Effect of a megadose of ascorbic acid, a meal and orange juice on the absorption
      of selenium as sodium selenite.
AB  - Urinary and faecal excretions of selenium were measured for five days following a
      dose of 1 mg Se as sodium selenite in ten young women after an overnight fast.
      The selenite was taken two hours before a meal or mixed with 1 g ascorbic acid;
      or with a continental type breakfast providing 4.5-5.6 micrograms Se and 0.6-0.8
      mg Cu, with or without 200 ml orange juice (60 mg ascorbic acid). The light meal
      appeared to have little effect on selenite-Se absorption, and orange juice
      appeared even to assist it. But the availability of Se was reduced almost to zero
      when selenite and 1 g ascorbic acid were taken together well before the meal.

PMID- 3861973
TI  - Renal failure with potassium-sparing diuretics.
AB  - In one year 19 patients aged 73 SD 8 yr were referred with renal failure (plasma
      creatinine 0.14-0.52 mmol/l; urea 7.9-39.5 mmol/l; potassium 2.9-6.1 mmol/l, who
      were taking amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide (ten), amiloride alone (one) or
      triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide (eight). Six patients were taking other
      diuretics. Sixteen patients were being treated for hypertension and three for
      fluid retention; five hypertensive patients were also taking non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Four patients were hypokalaemic, three were volume
      depleted. All potassium-sparing diuretics and NSAID were stopped (four required
      another diuretic). Six-100 days later renal function was improved in 17 patients,
      unchanged in one and one patient had died of uraemia. Blood pressure was
      satisfactory on no therapy in 11 patients and two normotensive patients were
      oedema-free. In elderly patients with renal impairment potassium-sparing
      diuretics may cause renal failure, sometimes secondary to hypovolaemia, and NSAID
      may potentiate the effect.

PMID- 3861974
TI  - Arthroscopic meniscectomy.

PMID- 3861975
TI  - Recommendations for routine cervical screening.
AB  - Because of concern about the rising incidence of cervical cancer in young women,
      the Department of Health and the Cancer Society invited a working group to make
      recommendations on cervical screening. There is now compelling evidence that
      cytological screening is an effective preventive measure. All women who have had
      sexual intercourse should be offered screening. They should be screened as soon
      as possible after commencing sexual activity, or when first receiving
      contraceptive advice, antenatal care, or treatment of a sexually transmitted
      disease. If the first smear is negative, it should thereafter be repeated at
      least every three years. A special effort must be made to reach women who have
      never been screened, including those who are middle-aged, or elderly. The
      cervical smear test should be part of the assessment of women with gynaecological
      symptoms regardless of whether there has been a negative smear within the
      previous three years. The three-yearly schedule also does not apply to women who
      have had an abnormal smear.

PMID- 3861976
TI  - The management of dying patients in New Zealand coronary care units.
AB  - I investigated by questionnaire the current management of dying patients and
      their relatives in New Zealand coronary care units as perceived by their charge
      nurses. Only one unit would move such a patient to a general ward regardless of
      the bed occupancy state. While all units attempt to inform relatives of the
      expected death, only 8% usually tell the patient and 21% would never do so. When
      this information is given to both it is usually conveyed in separate interviews,
      usually by a consultant physician. In one unit all are informed together. The bad
      news is given to relatives in a corridor in 25% of units. Follow-up contact of
      any sort with bereaved relatives was reported by 12%. It is suggested that this
      and the apparent reluctance of staff to communicate about likely outcome with
      patients as well as their relatives may merit further study.

PMID- 3861977
TI  - Heavy drinking and alcohol knowledge among Hastings fifth formers.
AB  - One hundred and seventy-nine male and 195 female fifth formers from the five
      state secondary schools in Hastings/Havelock North completed a 29 item
      questionnaire. Thirty-one males (17%) and 18 females (9%) reported getting drunk
      at least twice a month and having five or more drinks on each drinking occasion.
      These teenagers were classified as heavy drinkers; the males knew less about
      alcohol, and had different attitudes to its use than their peers. Deficits in the
      alcohol knowledge of fifth formers were discovered also.

PMID- 3861978
TI  - Gastrointestinal symptoms during exercise in Enduro athletes: prevalence and
      speculations on the aetiology.
AB  - A study of the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms during exercise was
      carried out on athletes who participated in the recent Enduro event in Dunedin.
      Of 119 competitors, 70 (59%) responded to our questionnaire and demonstrated a
      prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms of 81%. Upper gastrointestinal symptoms
      were noticed in 58% with lower gastrointestinal symptoms, tending to be more
      severe and significant to the athlete, noticed in 61%. Speculations on the
      aetiology of these symptoms are included. The demonstrated high prevalence of
      symptoms during exercise and the relative lack of knowledge in this area provides
      a fertile ground for further objective research.

PMID- 3861980
TI  - Subcutaneous gammaglobulin: effective management of hypogammaglobulinaemia.

PMID- 3861979
TI  - Cognitive rehabilitation of amnesic alcoholics: a twelve month follow-up study.
AB  - The rehabilitation status of amnesic alcoholic patients who previously
      participated in either a memory training programme, an activation control
      programme, or an assessment only condition, was determined at a 12 month follow
      up. An earlier study found a non-specific improvement in memory functioning for
      patients in both group programmes. These patients were also found to be more
      likely to be discharged from hospital at the 12 month follow-up. It is suggested
      that further attempts to rehabilitate brain-damaged alcoholics may be justified.

PMID- 3861981
TI  - Large bowel cancer survey: preliminary results.

PMID- 3861982
TI  - Eaten by worms: a comment on cervical screening.

PMID- 3861983
TI  - Admission to medical schools.

PMID- 3861984
TI  - Lymphadenopathy and suppressed emotion.

PMID- 3861985
TI  - German euthanasia program.

PMID- 3861986
TI  - The census and smoking.

PMID- 3861987
TI  - The oral contraceptive pill and benign intracranial hypertension.

PMID- 3861988
TI  - Acupuncture in the post-concussional syndrome.

PMID- 3861989
TI  - Echo 30 outbreak, 1983-4.

PMID- 3861990
TI  - Fluoridation.

PMID- 3861991
TI  - Intrusive luxation: diagnosis, complications and treatment.

PMID- 3861992
TI  - [Intraocular penetration of systemically administered cephalosporins under steady
      state conditions in animal experiments].
AB  - In previous studies of intraocular penetration of systemically applied
      antibiotics a single dose of the antibiotic was applied. An experimental study
      was performed in order to determine if maintaining a constant serum level for an
      extended period of time will lead to an increase in ocular concentration. The
      antibiotic dosage was calculated so that the serum level remained constant for a
      given period of time. Using the rabbit as an experimental animal two
      cephalosporins (Cefsulodin, Cefotiam) were then injected intravenously using an
      infusion pump. Evaluation of serum levels (high-performance liquid
      chromatography) revealed constant levels for each animal but different
      interindividual levels. The intraocular concentrations of Cefsulodin and Cefotiam
      were different. The intraocular level of Cefsulodin rose continuously over a
      period of 5 h, whereas the Cefotiam levels remained at the concentration measured
      after bolus injection.

PMID- 3861993
TI  - Branchial arch cyst. Case report and review of the literature.

PMID- 3861994
TI  - Periodontal consideration relevant to restorative dentistry. The proper
      management of treatment.

PMID- 3861995
TI  - Periodontal disease in America. The unnecessary epidemic.

PMID- 3861996
TI  - Trusts for dentists. An essential planning tool for high income earners.

PMID- 3861997
TI  - Correction of a severe anterior protrusion as a result of a thumb sucking habit.

PMID- 3861998
TI  - Sharing office costs.

PMID- 3861999
TI  - What is dental negligence?

PMID- 3862000
TI  - The use of ultrasonic endodontic instrumentation in the re-treatment of a paste
      filled endodontic tooth.
AB  - A technique using ultrasonic endodontic instruments in re-treating hard-paste-
      filled root canals is presented. The technique is time-consuming but may
      eliminate the necessity for a surgical approach in the re-treatment of paste
      filled teeth.

PMID- 3862001
TI  - The central plane of the image layer determined experimentally in various
      rotational panoramic x-ray machines.
AB  - The location of the image layer with respect to how a patient is positioned in a
      rotational panoramic machine is very critical. At present, no simple method
      exists for routine testing of panoramic machines to verify that the image layer
      is where the manufacturer intended it to be. The purpose of this experiment was
      to locate the central plane of the image layer with respect to a reference point
      on various machines currently on the market. The data obtained from this study
      can be used for further evaluations of the consistency in the location of the
      image layer, first with the existing device and later with a test device that
      would be adaptable to these machines and serve as a quality-control device in
      assuring that the machines are functioning properly.

PMID- 3862002
TI  - A panoramic radiographic analysis of Air Force basic trainees.
AB  - In a comprehensive study of 1,059 panoramic radiographs of Air Force recruits,
      the following findings were noted: 10% of the recruits had no restorations, no
      radiographic decay, and no teeth missing; 10% had at least one endodontically
      treated teeth; and 5% had at least one metallic crown. The typical recruit
      averaged five restorations, one impaction, and one missing tooth.

PMID- 3862003
TI  - Nasolabial cyst.

PMID- 3862004
TI  - Aphthous stomatitis with involvement of attached gingiva.
AB  - Involvement of the attached gingiva by aphthous stomatitis is considered
      uncommon. This report presents two cases in which patients with aphthous
      stomatitis developed ulcers on multiple mucosal surfaces, including the attached
      gingiva. The gingival ulcers began on the marginal gingiva and enlarged to form V
      or U-shaped ulcers on the attached gingiva. Other disorders producing gingival
      ulceration were excluded on the basis of history, clinical features, bacterial
      culture, viral culture, and biopsy with routine microscopic study as well as
      direct immunofluorescence.

PMID- 3862005
TI  - Quantitative assessment of isotope activity in the temporomandibular joint
      regions as a means of assessing unilateral condylar hypertrophy.
AB  - The uptake of radioisotope in the temporomandibular joints of normal subjects was
      quantified to act as baseline in studies of unilateral condylar hyperplasia. Any
      difference in activity between the right and left sides greater than 10% appears
      to be significant.

PMID- 3862006
TI  - Selective emergency arteriography in cases of penetrating maxillofacial trauma.
AB  - Selective emergency arteriography can be a most important diagnostic adjunct in
      the evaluation of suspected vascular injury sustained during penetrating
      maxillofacial trauma. Arteriography can provide essential information prior to
      operative exploration and treatment and may even obviate surgical exploration.
      Complications are rare, and contraindications are few.

PMID- 3862007
TI  - Intentional vital root transection: a 52-week histopathologic study in Macaca
      mulatta.
AB  - Past studies dealing with the vascular supply to surgically mobilized
      dentoalveolar segments have mentioned occasional encounters with vital root
      transection and have noted varying degrees of pulpal response to this insult. The
      purpose of this investigation was to observe the pulpal and periapical responses
      of monkey dental tissues to intentional vital root transection over a 1-year
      postoperative period. Four adult Macaca mulatta monkeys were used in this study.
      All roots were surgically transected within the apical third with a bur.
      Maxillary and mandibular quadrants for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 52 weeks
      following surgery were obtained after the animals were killed by perfusion of the
      left ventricle. The tissue blocks were prepared by routine histologic methods.
      The results demonstrated a disruption of the normal pulpal architecture, with
      initial pulpal degeneration and subsequent early replacement by the periodontal
      ligament tissue. A cellular cemental lining of the root canal occurred in all
      specimens. The periodontal ligament-like tissue continued to deposit cementum,
      resulting in almost total obliteration of the root canal and pulp chamber and
      leaving an intact but much reduced blood supply to the pulp chamber containing
      periodontal tissues.

PMID- 3862008
TI  - Peripheral facial nerve paralysis after local dental anesthesia.
AB  - An unusual case of unilateral peripheral facial nerve paralysis following local
      dental anesthesia is reported. The onset of the paralysis was 13 days after the
      injection, whereas the longest period reported previously was 5 days. The
      etiology, management, and prognosis are discussed.

PMID- 3862009
TI  - Monocular blindness developing 7 days after repair of zygomaticomaxillary complex
      fracture. A clinical report.
AB  - Blindness following zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fracture and surgical
      repair is an unfortunate and uncommon complication. A review of the literature
      reveals fewer than 25 cases of monocular blindness resulting from
      zygomaticomaxillary fracture or repair. The case presented here is that of a man
      who was assaulted with a baseball bat and suffered a mildly displaced ZMC
      fracture. On admission, the patient had light perception only in his left eye.
      During his convalescence, vision in his left eye gradually improved to the point
      of allowing him to read a newspaper without difficulty. Then, 9 days after the
      injury (7 days after surgical repair), the patient awoke with complete blindness
      of the left eye. The possible mechanisms for such loss of vision are discussed.

PMID- 3862010
TI  - A prospective follow-up study of 570 patients with oral lichen planus:
      persistence, remission, and malignant association.
AB  - Five hundred seventy patients with oral lichen planus were followed for periods
      ranging from 6 months to more than 10 years (mean, 5.6 years). The mean age was
      52 years, and 67% of the patients were women. Erosive lichen planus was the most
      frequent clinical form, and the buccal mucosa was the most common site. Of the
      75% patients treated with corticosteroids, 29% experienced complete remission and
      63% had partial remission while maintained on medication. Fewer than 3%
      experienced spontaneous remission. Malignant transformation occurred in 7
      patients (1.2%) in a mean time of 3.4 years after the onset of lichen planus. The
      onset of lichen planus could not be associated with any evident factors, such as
      family history, Candida albicans, glucose intolerance, and smoking.

PMID- 3862011
TI  - Evaluation of a method to study the uptake of prednisolone sodium phosphate from
      different oral mucosal sites.
AB  - A filter paper disk method for the delivery of drugs to oral mucosal sites was
      evaluated. The water-soluble steroid prednisolone sodium phosphate was chosen as
      the tracer drug. The in vitro recovery of the steroid from the filter paper disks
      after placement onto glass was greater than 95% and within the pipetting error
      for the method. Filter paper disks containing 1.25 mg doses of prednisolone
      sodium phosphate were placed on three different intraoral sites for 5 minutes and
      the drug retention was calculated in six volunteers. The mean percentage
      retention at the three sites was 65.4% for the sublingual mucosa, 24.1% for the
      buccal mucosa, and 9.9% for the palatal mucosa. The differences between the sites
      were all significant. The method may be useful for studying the retention of
      other drugs at various oral mucosal sites and for determining the factors that
      affect such retention.

PMID- 3862012
TI  - Gingival hyperplasia induced by nifedipine, an arterial vasodilating drug.
AB  - In a 32-year-old patient a relationship was suggested between the development of
      gingival hyperplasia and the vasodilating drug nifedipine (Adalat). The
      hyperplasia was clinically and histologically similar to the gingival hyperplasia
      previously noticed with diphenylhydantoin. The nifedipine-induced gingival
      hyperplasia may be caused by alterations in calcium metabolism.

PMID- 3862013
TI  - A study of the clinical characteristics and treatment of oral carcinoma in situ.
AB  - Twelve patients with oral carcinoma in situ were examined to clarify the clinical
      features and the most suitable therapy for this lesion. Seven cases were
      classified clinically as the erythroplakic type, two as the leukoplakic type, and
      three as the mixed type. The cumulative survival rate of ten cases, excluding two
      cases with lesions of the soft palate, was 100% in 10 years. Of 12 lesions of
      oral carcinoma in situ 50% progressed into invasive carcinoma. Erythroplakic
      lesions of oral carcinoma in situ were more aggressive than the other two types.
      The most suitable therapy for this lesion is prompt surgical treatment.

PMID- 3862014
TI  - Involvement of the mandibular canal: early sign of osteogenic sarcoma of the
      mandible.
AB  - A case of osteogenic sarcoma of the mandible is presented. The most striking
      radiologic finding in this case was irregular widening of the mandibular canal,
      with areas of narrowing and loss of fine parallel cortical margins of the walls
      of the canal. These changes were accompanied by widening of the periodontal
      membrane of the adjoining teeth, an early sign of osteogenic sarcoma described by
      Garrington and colleagues, and loss of lamina dura of the same teeth and one
      additional adjacent tooth.

PMID- 3862015
TI  - Eruption of rootless teeth in congenital renal disease.
AB  - Eruption of rootless mandibular premolars and other dental defects in a girl
      suffering from congenital kidney disease are described. The successful management
      of these excessively mobile teeth allowed them to develop roots of sufficient
      length. Hypotheses of tooth emergence are viewed in the light of these rootless
      eruptions.

PMID- 3862016
TI  - Lipoma of the parotid gland.
AB  - This case report describes a lipoma that appeared as a parotid gland tumor. The
      lipoma is an asymptomatic, slow-growing, nontender mass. This lesion is rare at
      this site and exhibits no unique clinical features. There is no reliable method
      of establishing a preoperative diagnosis; therefore, the lesion should be
      included as a rare possibility in the differential diagnosis of tumors involving
      the parotid gland. The treatment of choice is surgical excision, and recurrence
      is rare.

PMID- 3862017
TI  - Paste technique re-treatment study: a clinical, histopathologic, and radiographic
      evaluation of 50 cases.
AB  - This study correlated clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic aspects of 50
      endodontic failures involving the paste technique. All clinical and radiographic
      findings were recorded. The teeth were re-treated with gutta-percha/Kloroperka
      and lateral condensation. Subsequently, periapical surgery, including retrograde
      amalgam filling, was performed for the removal of material in the periapical
      tissue. The resulting biopsy specimens were processed for histologic evaluation.
      Although neutrophilic leukocytes predominated in some cases, all types of
      inflammatory cells were present. Macrophages and foreign body cells contained
      paste particles. The blood pigment distinguished hemorrhage due to surgery from
      pathologic circulatory changes. There was resorption/apposition of bone and root
      fragments. Epithelial strands and parts of cyst walls were observed. There was a
      correlation between a periapical radiolucency and inflammation but no correlation
      between amounts and types of inflammatory cells and pain. Paste placed beyond the
      foramen caused tissue damage and reduced prognosis.

PMID- 3862018
TI  - Clinical observations regarding the treatment of traumatically avulsed mature
      teeth. Part 1.
AB  - A documented case involving the simultaneous avulsion of two maxillary incisors,
      intraorally and extraorally, was reported. Long-term observations following
      replantation treatment revealed several interesting clinical features: The
      prognosis of replanted teeth may be more favorable following intraoral avulsions.
      The intrusion phenomenon associated with replanted incisors appears to be
      directly related to replacement root resorption or ankylosis; occlusal forces may
      be a factor. Teeth extraorally avulsed for a few hours may still provide a useful
      function, albeit temporary, with replantation treatment. These teeth may not
      reveal clinical ankylosis or replacement resorption for periods of 1 to 2 years,
      or possibly longer, following replantation. Long-term studies can help evaluate
      replantation techniques.

PMID- 3862019
TI  - Anterior repositioning splint in the treatment of temporomandibular joints with
      reciprocal clicking: comparison with a flat occlusal splint and an untreated
      control group.
AB  - The anterior repositioning splint is widely used to treat temporomandibular
      joints with reciprocal clicking. This treatment was compared to a flat occlusal
      splint and to an untreated control group. The anterior repositioning splint
      decreased joint pain at rest, during chewing, and during protrusion. Reciprocal
      clicking was eliminated and palpatory tenderness of the joint and muscles was
      reduced. This favorable effect was of short duration. The majority of the
      patients reported pain and clicking and demonstrated tenderness following removal
      of the splint after 6 weeks' treatment. The flat occlusal splint decreased joint
      tenderness but did not affect clicking or muscle tenderness. In the control group
      the clicking remained and the frequency of muscle tenderness increased. The
      results indicate that temporomandibular joints with reciprocal clicking can be
      successfully treated by positioning the mandible anteriorly. Since the symptoms
      returned when the splint was removed a more permanent change of mandibular
      position seems necessary.

PMID- 3862020
TI  - Evaluation of methylprednisolone and flurbiprofen for inhibition of the
      postoperative inflammatory response.
AB  - The ideal anti-inflammatory agent for use in third molar surgery should control
      pain, reduce swelling and trismus, and have no unwanted side effects. This
      investigation evaluated and compared the efficacy of corticosteroids,
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and placebo for reduction of the acute
      postoperative inflammatory response and its undesirable sequelae in patients
      undergoing the surgical removal of impacted third molars. Corticosteroids
      appeared to have maximal effect in controlling edema but had minimal analgesic
      effects. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents appear to be effective analgesics.
      A combination of these agents may be necessary to control the sequelae of oral
      surgical procedures most effectively.

PMID- 3862021
TI  - Prevention of alveolar bone loss postextraction with HTR grafting material.

PMID- 3862022
TI  - Diagnosis of acute maxillofacial infections: the role of computerized tomography.
AB  - Most acute maxillofacial infections are diagnosed by conventional dental and
      maxillofacial radiographic techniques. Computed tomography has greatly improved
      our ability to evaluate infections of the maxillofacial region that originate or
      extend into the contiguous soft tissues and paranasal sinuses. Four cases in
      which computed tomography facilitated diagnosis and treatment of advanced
      infections of the maxillofacial region are presented. In one case an underlying
      neoplasm was identified.

PMID- 3862023
TI  - Root tip recovery via local anesthetic needle.

PMID- 3862024
TI  - Interradicular dentin dysplasia associated with amelogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - Very few reports are available on the occurrence of dysplasia of both enamel and
      dentin. This report concerns a rare association of amelogenesis imperfecta with a
      dysplasia of dentin in the interradicular area in sisters of Japanese descent who
      have no other morphologic anomalies. Retarded tooth eruption was also a clinical
      feature in both sisters. Histologic examination of several teeth revealed that
      the anomalous interradicular dentin consisted of a mass of small, onion-like
      calcified bodies. The absence of any dental abnormalities in both parents, who
      are related as first cousins, supports the concept of autosomal recessive
      inheritance for this trait.

PMID- 3862025
TI  - Adenomatoid hyperplasia of mucous salivary glands: a case involving the
      retromolar area.
AB  - This case report describes an unusual salivary gland lesion that involved the
      retromolar area. This lesion presented clinically as an asymptomatic tumorlike
      nodule that was characterized microscopically by a proliferation of mucous
      salivary gland tissue. The exact nature of this focal enlargement of accessory
      salivary gland tissue is not known. Because this lesion cannot be distinguished
      clinically from a salivary gland neoplasm, it must be excised and examined
      microscopically.

PMID- 3862026
TI  - Dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth: lateral teratoid cyst with sinus tract in
      an infant.

PMID- 3862027
TI  - Starch artifacts in oral cytologic specimens.
AB  - Starch powder from surgical gloves is a common artifact that may superficially
      resemble atypical epithelial cells or spores in oral cytologic specimens. This
      article describes the distinguishing features of starch granules visible under a
      light microscope and discusses their clinical relevance.

PMID- 3862028
TI  - Stomatitis areata migrans affecting the gingiva.
AB  - A 62-year-old male patient with a varied medical history and oral lesions
      consistent with stomatitis areata migrans is discussed. The stomatitis areata
      migrans affected essentially all oral soft tissues, including rarely involved
      gingival tissues. Clinical and histologic documentation of the gingival
      involvement is presented.

PMID- 3862029
TI  - Pulp response after calcitonin treatment of direct exposures in the dog.
AB  - The hypocalcemic hormone, calcitonin, was used in directly pulp-capped teeth to
      determine whether or not calcitonin promoted healing. Two dogs were used. Twelve
      teeth received the calcitonin; nine control teeth were prepared, and five were
      treated with calcium hydroxide. Calcitonin did not increase either the rate of
      healing or the amount of secondary dentin formed. Calcitonin reduced the degree
      of inflammation in the treated tooth pulps.

PMID- 3862030
TI  - Apical surgery with a dental microscope.

PMID- 3862031
TI  - Dental radiologic survey of Virginia and Florida.
AB  - The results of a survey of 2,257 dental offices recording dental radiology
      practices are presented and compared to earlier surveys. In many practices
      patients were exposed to radiographs at predetermined intervals; the variables of
      manual processing are not well controlled, and darkrooms had excessive light.

PMID- 3862032
TI  - Deciduous tooth anomalies and partial anodontia.

PMID- 3862033
TI  - Calcific metamorphosis with internal resorption.
AB  - We have presented a case in which 3.7-year-old patient exhibited calcific
      metamorphosis of a maxillary primary central incisor at the initial visit, with
      subsequently internal resorption developing in the same tooth. This case
      underscores the need for careful monitoring of traumatized teeth that have
      undergone calcific metamorphosis.

PMID- 3862034
TI  - Mandibular range of motion versus arthrographic diagnosis of the
      temporomandibular joint.
AB  - The range of mandibular movements has been correlated with arthrographic findings
      of the temporomandibular joint in 205 patients. Abnormalities of meniscus
      position and function have been found to influence mandibular movements in
      characteristic patterns. However, altered mandibular movements alone are
      insufficient for a definitive clinical diagnosis of the specific type of internal
      derangement of the temporomandibular joint.

PMID- 3862035
TI  - Diagnosis and primary management of laryngeal trauma.
AB  - Four cases of laryngeal trauma are presented and the literature is reviewed.
      Diagnostic techniques and controversial primary treatment of airway obstruction
      are discussed. Recommendations include the use of indirect laryngoscopy on
      initial examination and the performance of a tracheostomy in cases of airway
      obstruction, in lieu of endotracheal intubation. The cases illustrate these
      points and demonstrate the variability in time intervals between injury and onset
      of symptoms.

PMID- 3862036
TI  - Intradental lesions and their reversal in a patient being treated for end-stage
      renal disease.
AB  - The number of patients with end-stage renal disease who are being successfully
      treated by hemodialysis is rapidly increasing across the nation. These patients
      present some special problems for dentists to correctly diagnose and treat.
      Presented here is a brief outline of the etiology of changes that might occur,
      along with the case report of a patient who developed unusual intradental lesions
      that reversed themselves as the patient's general medical problems were brought
      under control.

PMID- 3862037
TI  - Rigid fixation of maxillary osteotomies: a preliminary report and technique
      article.
AB  - The authors review their experiences with seventy cases of maxillary osteotomy
      rigidly stabilized with bone plates and minimal or no maxillomandibular fixation.
      The surgical technique, which allows consistent placement of plates in dense bone
      without endangering root apices, is described in detail. Orthodontic management
      has been started as early as 3 weeks postoperatively. A disadvantage of small
      plates is the possible need for their removal, which requires a second surgical
      procedure. Plates have been removed or replaced in five patients in this series.

PMID- 3862038
TI  - Intraoperative measurement of maxillary repositioning: an ancillary technique.
AB  - A technique for measuring maxillary movement with the LeFort I osteotomy is
      described. Three-dimensional measurement of upper jaw position can be gauged to
      within 1 mm by means of a simple two-point measurement system. When used in
      combination with direct bone measurements and appropriate surgical sequencing,
      assessment of maxillary repositioning is possible at virtually any time during
      the surgical procedure.

PMID- 3862039
TI  - Psychometric profiles and facial pain.
AB  - The myofacial pain-dysfunction syndrome and atypical facial pain are the most
      prevalent chronic pain disorders of the facial region. Previously, the myofacial
      pain-dysfunction syndrome included all TMJ/masticatory muscle pain, jaw
      dysfunction, and joint clicking. We have segregated two major subgroups subsumed
      within this diagnostic classification and have assigned them to a myogenic facial
      pain (MFP) group and a TMJ internal derangement (TMJID) group. Significant age
      and personality differences were uncovered when these subpopulations were
      compared to subjects with atypical facial pain (AFP). Both MFP and TMJID groups
      are relatively homologous, involving younger persons than AFP subjects.
      Alternatively, when MFP, TMJID, and AFP subjects were compared for differences in
      MMPI psychometric scales, MFP and AFP subjects exhibited significantly higher
      scores, particularly for hypochondriasis, depression, and hysteria, than did
      TMJID subjects. It is concluded that subcategorization of myofascial pain
      dysfunction patients into a myogenic pain group and a TMJ internal derangement
      group is justified on the basis of psychometric differences. Furthermore,
      psychopathologic factors are more significant among MFP and AFP subjects than
      among TMJID patients.

PMID- 3862040
TI  - Oral complications of acute leukemia: prophylactic impact of a chlorhexidine
      mouth rinse regimen.
AB  - The prophylactic value of twice-daily mouth rinses with a solution of 0.1%
      chlorhexidine gluconate in minimizing oral complications during remission
      induction chemotherapy was tested in sixteen patients with acute myeloblastic
      leukemia. The study design was double blind with a placebo control. Standardized
      measurement indices were employed to assess the dental plaque levels and the
      degree of gingivitis and mucositis during remission-induction. The treatment
      group demonstrated superior oral health on the basis of each of these measurement
      parameters. A moderate increase in tooth staining was observed in the treatment
      group. The results also suggested the potential value of chlorhexidine mouth
      rinses in the prophylaxis of oral candidiasis in the myelosuppressed patient.

PMID- 3862041
TI  - Oral mucosal antigen reactivity during exacerbation and remission phases of
      recurrent aphthous ulceration.
AB  - Pooled serum from subjects with active recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) and
      from control subjects was tested against indigenous surface mucosal material from
      subjects with active RAU, remission RAU subjects, and normal subjects. IgM
      antibody reactivity in both sera was significantly higher to material from
      remission RAU subject mucosa than to material from control subjects or subjects
      with active RAU. IgG antibody activity in both sera was significantly lower to
      material from active RAU subject mucosa than to material from control subjects or
      subjects whose RAU was in remission. These results suggest that the character and
      amount of antigen on mucosa may differ during the pathogenesis of RAU.

PMID- 3862042
TI  - Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. A long-term study of thirty patients.
AB  - Up to 6% of oral leukoplakia, a relatively common mucosal disease, can be
      expected to become malignant. This report describes a long-term study of 30
      patients in whom a particular form of leukoplakia was identified and labeled
      proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), a disease of unknown origin, which
      exhibits a strong tendency to develop areas of carcinoma. PVL begins as a simple
      hyperkeratosis but tends to spread and become multifocal. PVL is slow-growing,
      persistent, and irreversible, and in time areas become exophytic, wartlike, and
      apparently resistant to all forms of therapy as recurrence is the rule. The
      disease was most commonly seen in elderly women and had been present for many
      years. Patients were followed for 1 to 20 years. Thirteen died of or with their
      disease, 14 were alive with PVL, and 3 were alive without PVL at last contact.
      PVL rarely regressed despite therapy. All patients who died had persistent or
      recurrent disease. PVL appears to constitute a continuum of hyperkeratotic
      disease, ranging from a simple hyperkeratosis at one end to invasive squamous
      cell carcinoma at the other. Microscopic findings are dependent upon the stage of
      the disease's development and the location and adequacy of the biopsy.

PMID- 3862043
TI  - Dental structures in benign ovarian cystic teratomas (dermoid cysts). A study of
      ten cases with a review of the literature.
AB  - Tooth-forming ovarian teratomas provide a unique opportunity to observe the
      effect(s) of the tumor environment on developing dental structures. Histologic
      examination of two such teratomas showed essentially normal formation of dental
      structures in one and pronouncedly aberrant morphodifferentiation of dental
      tissues in the other. The macroscopic examination of a total of twenty-five teeth
      from eight additional teratomas showed most teeth to have premolar or molar
      forms. Most teeth were not distinctly deciduous or permanent but had intermediate
      shapes. The teeth within a tumor tended not to form normal morphologic sequences.
      It is concluded that dental structures in ovarian teratomas are products of
      normal genetic/epigenetic events modified to a greater or lesser degree by
      unknown factors in the tumor environment.

PMID- 3862044
TI  - Lichenoid dysplasia: a distinct histopathologic entity.
AB  - We have observed, both in the literature and in practice, that pathologists
      frequently fail to appreciate subtle dysplastic features in lesions with
      lichenoid histomorphology. Aside from the obvious diagnostic errors, such
      oversight can lead to mistaken impressions concerning the natural behavior of
      relatively benign processes. Accordingly, we have enumerated histologic criteria
      which define the entity known as "lichenoid dysplasia." Histologic features of
      lichenoid dysplasia are illustrated and compared with those of other lichenoid
      lesions, including lichen planus plus nonspecific lichenoid stomatidides. The
      rationale for and the advantages and objectives of this classification are
      discussed.

PMID- 3862045
TI  - The median mandibular cyst and its endodontic significance.
AB  - The median mandibular cyst is a very rare cyst of debatable origin that occurs in
      the midline of the mandible. A review of the literature and an additional case
      are presented, with emphasis on diagnosis, treatment planning and the need for
      endodontic therapy in the area of the lesion.

PMID- 3862046
TI  - The solvent action of sodium hypochlorite on bovine tendon collagen, bovine pulp,
      and bovine gingiva.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum temperature and
      concentration of sodium hypochlorite solution required to dissolve bovine tendon
      collagen, pulp, and gingiva. The 10% concentration of sodium hypochlorite
      solution at 37 degrees C was found to be most effective in dissolving bovine
      tendon collagen, pulp, and gingiva. Sodium hypochlorite solution was more
      effective in dissolving bovine pulp or tendon collagen than in dissolving bovine
      gingiva.

PMID- 3862047
TI  - Metastatic breast carcinoma disguised as periapical disease in the maxilla.
AB  - This article reports a case of breast carcinoma metastasis to the maxilla. The
      symptoms and original diagnosis pointed to periapical disease. A biopsy confirmed
      the secondary diagnosis. This may be the first reported case of metastasis to the
      maxilla.

PMID- 3862048
TI  - Assessment of mandibular condyle position: a comparison of transcranial
      radiographs and linear tomograms.
AB  - Transcranial radiographs are frequently used to assess condyle-fossa
      relationships. However, their validity in representing condyle position has been
      questioned. Intermethod comparisons were performed between methods assessing
      condyle position by subjective evaluation and by linear and area measurement of
      the interarticular space. Linear measurement of the subjective closest anterior
      and posterior interarticular space and subjective evaluation were the mutually
      preferred methods in both transcranial radiographs and tomograms. Statistically
      significant correlations were shown (p less than 0.05) for condyle position
      between pairs of clinical transcranial radiographs and linear tomograms of the
      same temporomandibular joints. However there was a qualitative concordance in
      assessed posterior concentric and anterior positions in only 80% of the pairs,
      and a full concordance in the degree of condylar displacement was found in only
      60% of the cases. Although still clinically helpful, the use of transcranial
      radiographs to monitor small changes in condylar position relative to the
      tomogram was questioned.

PMID- 3862049
TI  - Dental radiology instructors in United States dental hygiene programs.
AB  - A survey of dental radiology instructors in accredited United States dental
      hygiene programs found the majority of such faculty members to be registered
      dental hygienists with only very limited formal training in radiology. Most of
      the radiography faculty had less than 5 years' experience teaching that subject.
      Most instructors spent less than a quarter of each week teaching radiology.
      Student: faculty ratios varied considerably from program to program.

PMID- 3862050
TI  - Radiology requirements in United States dental hygiene programs.
AB  - A survey of accredited dental hygiene programs in the United States revealed
      little standardization of requirements for dental radiology. However, most
      programs satisfied suggested minimum guidelines for didactic instruction in
      radiology. Six programs had no preclinical laboratory requirements, and seven had
      no clinical requirements. An area of concern was the high percentage of programs
      in which classmates exposed one another to ionizing radiation for training
      purposes.

PMID- 3862051
TI  - Pneumatized articular eminence.

PMID- 3862052
TI  - Biting the bullet.

PMID- 3862053
TI  - Submandibular calculus.

PMID- 3862054
TI  - [What has been done and what remains to be done with regard to the treatment of
      lymphoblastic leukemia in children].

PMID- 3862056
TI  - [Analysis of factors causing recurrences of acute leukemia after completed
      treatment].

PMID- 3862055
TI  - [Analysis of advances in the treatment of lymphoblastic leukemia].

PMID- 3862057
TI  - [Early deaths of children treated for lymphoblastic leukemia].

PMID- 3862058
TI  - [Evaluation of physical fitness of children with lymphoblastic leukemia after
      completion of intensive treatment].

PMID- 3862059
TI  - [Intensification of treatment of lymphoblastic leukemia in children].

PMID- 3862060
TI  - [Effect of the family environment on the social adaptation of children with a
      long-term remission of lymphoblastic leukemia. Preliminary report].

PMID- 3862061
TI  - [Diffuse cutaneous vasculitis disclosing acute lymphoblastic leukemia].
AB  - Biopsy of skin for etiologic evaluation of generalized erythematous eruptions in
      a 4 1/2 years old child, starting four months ago, led to diagnosis of acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukocyte counts five and eight weeks and four months
      after appearance of eruptions were normal and no blasts were found. A leukocyte
      count performed simultaneously with biopsy of skin also showed few (less than
      10%) blasts. Histologic examination of skin revealed two types of pathologic
      lesions: a perivascular cuffing of lymphoblasts and a leukocytoclastic type of
      small vessel vasculitis in other parts. This type of vasculitis which have been
      reported in association with chronic lymphocytic and hairy cell leukemias, is
      uncommon in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3862062
TI  - Wide range of nursing roles emerges at public hearings.

PMID- 3862063
TI  - Health care changes impact gerontological nursing care.

PMID- 3862064
TI  - How healthy is New Jersey?

PMID- 3862065
TI  - Interventions with impaired nurse practice.

PMID- 3862066
TI  - The CURN project: uniting research and practice.

PMID- 3862067
TI  - Criteria for published research.

PMID- 3862068
TI  - Nursing collaboration.

PMID- 3862069
TI  - DPT debated.

PMID- 3862070
TI  - Gerontological nursing: the state-of-the-art.

PMID- 3862071
TI  - In vitro sensitivity of leukemic clonogenic cells to four anthracyclines
      (adriamycin, daunorubicin, rubidazone and aclacinomycin) in human acute myeloid
      leukemia.
AB  - We used an in vitro clonogenic assay in semi-solid medium to test the sensitivity
      of human leukemic progenitors to different anthracyclines. Bone marrow leukemic
      cells of 19 patients with acute myeloid leukemia were plated after exposure to
      adriamycin (ADR), daunorubicin (DNR), rubidazone (RDZ) and aclacinomycin (ACLA).
      We obtained a dose-dependent response curve with all anthracyclines, with wide
      response curve with all anthracyclines, with wide patient to patient variations.
      In 9 out of 19 cases, in vitro sensitivity to the four drugs correlated (4
      sensitive and 5 resistant cases), but in 10 patients the results were discordant,
      with 8 conflicting results between ADR and the other three anthracyclines,
      raising the possibility of the absence of cross-resistance between these drugs.

PMID- 3862072
TI  - [Cytosine-arabinoside in high doses in refractory acute granulocytic leukemia.
      Apropos of 17 cases].
AB  - A total of 17 patients, 6 female and 11 male (age range 13 to 56 years), received
      high dose Ara-C for treatment of refractory acute myelogenous leukemia. Ara-C was
      given at 3 g/m2 twice daily for 6 days as a 1 infusion. 1 patient (with induced
      acute leukemia) was treated directly, two after failure of a chemotherapy
      schedule containing the usual dose Ara-C, 12 for first relapse and 2 for
      subsequent relapse. Maximum follow up is 16 months. Beside hematological
      toxicity, systemic tolerance was good with no neurological of cutaneous effects.
      Despite preventive corticoid eyewash, ocular complications occurred in 6 cases,
      mild and resolvable in 5 of them. The immediate results were as follows: 3 deaths
      during induction (18%); 6 failures (35%); 8 complete remissions (CR) (47%). After
      primary chemo-resistance (two cases) failure was always noted. In 3 cases, after
      less than 12 infusions had been given, 2 failures and 1 very short CR were noted.
      In 2 patients, when doxorubicin was added to Ara-C, we observed 1 death during
      induction and 1 failure. Of the patients achieving CR 8 were treated by periodic
      courses with high dose Ara-C and 4 of them relapsed. The longest failure free
      duration was 11 months. Median survival duration of the 17 patients is 5 months.

PMID- 3862073
TI  - Hypercalcemia in chronic myelogenous leukemia: evidence for excessive parathyroid
      hormone secretion.
AB  - Hypercalcemia was associated with osteolytic bone lesions in a 60-year-old woman
      with chronic myelogenous leukemia in the accelerated phase. Using highly specific
      antisera to parathyroid hormone, radioimmunoassays disclosed elevated levels of
      carboxyl-terminal (53-84) and intermediate (44-68) fragments. In addition,
      concomitant variations of serum calcium level and leukocyte counts, increased
      urinary c-AMP excretion, morphological integrity of parathyroid glands, and
      absence of bone resorbing activity in myeloblast culture supernatants are
      consistent with the hypothesis that the humoral hypercalcemia was due to the
      excessive production of PTH. This production may have been ectopic, although no
      PTH secretion was demonstrated in myeloblast culture supernatants.

PMID- 3862074
TI  - Regional mapping of two human immunoglobulin V lambda genes and analysis of the V
      lambda locus in chronic myeloid leukaemia.
AB  - The human immunoglobulin V lambda locus has been studied in relation to
      chromosomal translocations involving chromosome 22. DNA probes for two V lambda
      genes which belong to different subgroups and do not cross hybridize, were used
      to show that both V lambda genes are located on the Philadelphia chromosome in
      chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Both genes map in band 22q11 to a region that is
      bounded on the distal side by the breakpoints for CML 9:22 translocations and on
      the proximal side by the breakpoint for an X:22 translocation. We have found no
      evidence for rearrangements or amplification of either V lambda gene in CML, in
      either the chronic or acute phases of the disease. In K562 cells which are
      derived from the pleural effusion of a patient with Ph1-positive CML, there
      appears to be no rearrangement of the V lambda genes, but they are both amplified
      about four times. We have estimated that the minimum size for the amplification
      unit in K562 cells is 186 kb.

PMID- 3862075
TI  - [Leukemia and other neoplasms in patients with multiple myeloma].

PMID- 3862076
TI  - Marginal seal of a composite resin, Clearfil: a laboratory study.

PMID- 3862077
TI  - Inhibited set of the surface of addition silicones in contact with rubber dam.

PMID- 3862078
TI  - Manipulation of cohesive gold foil in dental restorations.

PMID- 3862079
TI  - Pin-retained base in conjunction with complex pin-and-amalgam restoration.

PMID- 3862080
TI  - Metabolic myopathies.
AB  - The most frequent metabolic myopathies of children and adults (glycogenoses;
      neutral fat myopathies; "mitochondrial" myopathies) are reviewed. In glycogenoses
      and neutral fat myopathies the most prominent histological feature is represented
      by a vacuolation of muscle fibres, vacuoles being filled with glycogen or neutral
      fat. Enzyme defects of glycogenoses are known. In some neutral fat myopathies, an
      involvement of carnitine metabolism can be found; in many other cases,
      biochemical investigations have failed to identify the enzyme defect(s), or have
      demonstrated the contemporaneous involvement of mitochondria ("mitochondrial"
      myopathy). The large group of "mitochondrial" myopathies is built up of many
      heterogeneous polygenetic syndromes, the appearance of which signalises only an
      impaired mitochondrial function due to underlying biochemical defect(s). In these
      cases, accumulations of mitochondria in muscle fibres, easily recognisable with
      trichrome stain ("ragged-red fibres") may be found. These mitochondria usually
      present very peculiar ultrastructural changes ("paracrystalline inclusions"). One
      of the leading clinical symptoms of metabolic myopathies is represented by
      myoglobinuria. In every case of "idiopathic" rhabdomyolysis, a metabolic myopathy
      should hence be suspected. The negative result of histological and
      enzymehistochemical investigations, does not exclude the presence of a metabolic
      disorder, however. Research in this field requires a very strong cooperation
      between morphologists and biochemists. Future therapeutical approaches can in
      fact only come from and through biochemistry.

PMID- 3862081
TI  - The trouble shooter: hypersensitivity.

PMID- 3862082
TI  - Effect of side chain-backbone electrostatic interactions on the stability of
      alpha-helices.
AB  - An apparent discrepancy between the observed stability of the C-peptide alpha
      helix of ribonuclease A and that computed from the Zimm-Bragg parameters sigma
      and s (obtained by the host-guest technique) is resolved. Side chain-backbone ion
      dipole interactions play a role in both systems. However, they are averaged out
      in the random copolymers used to determine sigma and s for charged residues such
      as glutamic acid but not in the specific-sequence copolymer, namely, the C
      peptide, where they contribute significantly to the helix stability. In
      considering a specific-sequence alpha-helix, its intrinsic stabilizing free
      energy (expressed in terms of sigma and s) must be augmented by position
      dependent stabilizing long-range electrostatic interactions.

PMID- 3862083
TI  - Differential expression of the mouse cholecystokinin gene during brain and gut
      development.
AB  - Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a neuropeptide found in brain and intestine. In this
      report, we have isolated a cDNA clone that encodes CCK from a mouse brain cDNA
      library. This cDNA clone has extensive homology to CCK precursors that have been
      sequenced previously. Southern blots of genomic DNA probed with this cDNA clone
      revealed single bands for each of eight different restriction enzymes, all of
      which could be accounted for by a single genomic clone, suggesting that the CCK
      gene is present as a single-copy gene in mice. RNA blots, primer extensions, and
      S1 nuclease protection assays have suggested that the same RNA start site is
      utilized in brain and in gut. Finally, we have shown, by using RNA blots and a
      radioimmunoassay specific for CCK, that CCK is expressed at maximum adult levels
      in intestine at birth but that adult concentrations of CCK and its mRNA are not
      reached in brain until much later in development.

PMID- 3862084
TI  - Quantitative structural analysis of eukaryotic ribosomal RNA by scanning
      transmission electron microscopy.
AB  - The conformation of 28S ribosomal RNA isolated from baby hamster kidney cells was
      studied by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and circular dichroic
      spectroscopy to establish the conditions under which STEM images of unstained
      freeze-dried rRNA are a meaningful representation of the conformation of rRNA in
      solution. We have determined the conformation of 28S rRNA under various buffer
      conditions, the molecular mass, the mass distribution, and the number of
      polynucleotide strands within the individual molecules, and the apparent radii of
      gyration. The 28S rRNA molecule is highly extended in water and becomes compact
      with increasing ionic strength. However, even in the "reconstitution buffer" (30
      mM Tris/HCl/20 mM MgCl2/360 mM KCl, pH 7.6) the compactness does not reach a
      state in which the rRNA molecule appears structurally similar to the 60S
      ribosomal subunit. Our approach has a broad application in high-resolution
      structural studies of nucleic acids and nucleic acid-protein interactions.

PMID- 3862085
TI  - Regulated expression of mammalian histone H4 genes in vivo requires a trans
      acting transcription factor.
AB  - Mouse L cells containing integrated copies of a human histone H4 gene have been
      obtained by cotransfection with the herpesvirus thymidine kinase gene. Nuclease
      S1 assays of RNA from several independent cell lines show that the expression of
      the introduced H4 gene is regulated during the cell cycle. One of these cell
      lines (line 6-8) contains more than 60 human H4 gene copies per haploid genome
      and does not express the endogenous mouse histone H4 mRNA. In contrast, the
      expression of the mouse H2a and H3 mRNAs in this cell line is not perturbed. In
      cell revertants that have lost the majority of the human H4 gene copies, the
      expression of the mouse H4 mRNA is restored, demonstrating that the mouse genes
      remain functional although not expressed. The rate of transcription of the
      histone H4 genes in clone 6-8 is at least 10-fold greater than that of the
      parental cell line and it is regulated during traversal of the cell cycle. These
      results show that the expression of mammalian histone H4 genes involves both a
      trans-acting transcriptional regulatory factor and an H4-specific activity. We
      propose that cell cycle regulation of histone gene expression may be effected
      through subtype-specific transcriptional regulatory proteins.

PMID- 3862086
TI  - An unusual bovine pancreatic protein exhibiting pH-dependent globule-fibril
      transformation and unique amino acid sequence.
AB  - An unusual hitherto unreported protein, extracted in acid from fresh bovine
      pancreas, has been purified and characterized biochemically. It precipitates in
      the neutral pH range in the form of uniform double-helical threads, each strand
      of which is smooth and of uniform diameter, about 7-8 nm. The threads dissolve to
      a nonviscous solution below pH 3.6 and above pH 9.4, and they reconstitute
      reversibly in the pH range in between. The monomer in acid has an apparent
      molecular weight of 17,800 and consists of two disulfide-linked nonidentical
      polypeptide chains of different lengths. It is rich in aromatic amino acids,
      particularly tryptophan. There is no significant content of carbohydrate, fatty
      acid, or bound phosphate. The amino acid sequences of the first NH2-terminal 48
      residues of the A chain and 35 residues of the B chain appear to be unique,
      differing from all other reported animal proteins, including those of the
      pancreas. Thus far, a function has not been found.

PMID- 3862087
TI  - Deletions in the 3'-terminal tRNA-like structure of brome mosaic virus RNA
      differentially affect aminoacylation and replication in vitro.
AB  - Deletions in cDNA clones covering the 3' 201 nucleotides of brome mosaic virus
      RNA 3 were produced by S1 nuclease treatment of cloned DNA linearized at several
      different restriction sites. Transcription of these clones yielded RNAs
      containing structural alterations in the 3'-terminal tRNA-like structure that is
      involved in aminoacylation and replication. Replicase template activity, but not
      aminoacylation activity, was especially sensitive to deletions in arm C, which
      contains a tyrosyl anticodon. Deletions in arm B were detrimental to
      aminoacylation, but the proportion of replicase template activity lost depended
      on the site of the deletion. Removal of arm D had little effect on aminoacylation
      and, in some instances, resulted in a 2-fold stimulation of replicase template
      activity.

PMID- 3862088
TI  - Molecular cloning of an activated human oncogene, homologous to v-raf, from
      primary stomach cancer.
AB  - Transfection with high molecular weight DNA from a primary stomach cancer induced
      foci of transformed NIH 3T3 cells, and the transformed cells were tumorigenic in
      nude mice. By screening with a human Alu-family probe, we isolated the human DNA
      sequence from the secondary transformant cells. This transforming sequence
      encompasses about 60 kilobase pairs and is unrelated to known human transforming
      genes. Examination of homologies between this sequence and retroviral oncogenes
      revealed that the human transforming sequence is closely related to the v-raf
      oncogene of murine transforming retrovirus 3611-MSV.

PMID- 3862089
TI  - Remarkable homology among the internal repeats of erythroid and nonerythroid
      spectrin.
AB  - A cDNA clone for nonerythroid alpha-spectrin was identified by direct
      immunological screening of a chicken smooth muscle cDNA library. A library
      prepared in the expression plasmids pUC8 and pUC9 was screened with an antiserum
      specific for chicken alpha-spectrin. Blots of poly(A)+ RNA from various tissues
      of chicken and mouse show that the cDNA hybridizes to an 8-kilobase mRNA. The
      cDNA hybridizes to a single-copy sequence on Southern blots of chicken genomic
      DNA. The complete nucleic acid sequence of the clone has a single 1419-base open
      reading frame. The derived amino acid sequence is organized into two partial and
      three complete 106-amino-acid repeats that show homology to the repeats described
      for human erythroid alpha- and beta-spectrin. Immunological and biochemical data
      indicate that chicken nonerythroid and human erythroid alpha-spectrin are two of
      the more widely diverged members of the spectrin family of proteins. In this
      respect, the degree of homology found between them was unexpected. Our data
      suggest a common evolutionary origin for these two alpha-spectrins and allow some
      predictions concerning spectrin gene structure.

PMID- 3862090
TI  - Quantitative and qualitative changes in histone gene expression during early
      mouse embryo development.
AB  - There are large amounts of histone mRNA present in mouse eggs. These RNAs are
      rapidly degraded, as are other mRNAs, after fertilization and prior to the second
      cleavage. During cleavage, the histone mRNA accumulates as the embryo divides.
      The same sets of histone genes are expressed in eggs and embryos, although there
      are large qualitative differences in the amounts of particular histone mRNAs. The
      function of the egg histone mRNA is unknown. The amount of histone mRNA in
      cleaving and blastocyst embryos is probably sufficient to code for the blastocyst
      histone proteins.

PMID- 3862091
TI  - The hemodynamic destruction of intravascular cancer cells in relation to
      myocardial metastasis.
AB  - A variety of observations in humans and experimental animals indicate that large
      numbers of circulating cancer cells are killed in the microvasculature. It is
      suggested that this occurs when friction or adhesion between individual cancer
      cells and capillary walls results in an increase of tension in the cancer cell
      peripheries above a critical level because of (blood) pressure differentials
      between their free ends. Hemodynamic and anatomic data relating to the myocardial
      circulation and deformability measurements on four types of rat cancer cells have
      been reported previously by others. Novel calculations based on these data
      suggest that the increased tension at the peripheries of cancer cells passing
      through the myocardial capillaries will exceed the critical levels for rupture.
      Analysis of autopsy data for solid tumors reveals a low (less than 3%) incidence
      of myocardial metastases in the absence of lung metastases and a higher (15%)
      incidence in their presence. One explanation for these observations is that, in
      the absence of lung metastases, relatively few of the cancer cells enter the
      coronary arteries from primary tumors with systemic venous drainage because many
      are retained or destroyed in transit through the pulmonary vasculature, and most
      of those delivered to the myocardium then suffer hemodynamic destruction. In the
      presence of pulmonary metastases, large numbers of viable cancer cells are
      liberated directly into the pulmonary venules and subsequently are delivered to
      the myocardium without prior exposure to the arterial side of the
      microcirculation. The combined effects of increased delivery and the protective
      effects of arrested cells on those preceding them in files along the capillaries
      account for the higher incidence of myocardial metastases. It is proposed that
      hemodynamic destruction of circulating cancer cells may be an important
      underlying cause of metastatic inefficiency, together with other cytocidal
      mechanisms.

PMID- 3862092
TI  - On the correlation between HII phase and the contact-induced destabilization of
      phosphatidylethanolamine-containing membranes.
AB  - The abundance of phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) in biological membranes and
      the capacity of this lipid to sustain nonbilayer structures have been promoted as
      evidence for a role of PtdEtn in biological fusion processes. To date there has
      been no direct evidence of a connection between the kinetics of bilayer
      destabilization and the polymorphism accessible to PtdEtn. We have developed a
      model system to examine this point directly using the proton-induced
      destabilization of PtdEtn/cholesterylhemisuccinate unilamellar liposomes. We find
      that the initial rate of bilayer mixing rapidly increases with temperature and
      reaches a maximal level just below the HII-phase transition temperature. The
      leakage from these liposomes rapidly increases, both in rate and extent, within
      the HII-phase transition temperature range. Of an even greater significance is
      that at no temperature is there any mixing of aqueous contents within the
      liposomes. Thus, these lipids can begin to undergo the lamellar- to HII-phase
      transition at the stage of two apposed liposomes. However, the nonbilayer
      structures formed do not cause fusion--i.e., the concomitant mixing of aqueous
      contents.

PMID- 3862093
TI  - Nerve growth factor rapidly induces ornithine decarboxylase mRNA in PC12 rat
      pheochromocytoma cells.
AB  - The mechanism by which nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulates ornithine
      decarboxylase (OrnDCase; EC 4.1.1.17) activity in the rat pheochromocytoma cell
      line PC12 was investigated. As demonstrated previously, NGF rapidly induces
      OrnDCase activity in a dose-dependent manner, with maximal enzymatic activity at
      4-6 hr after exposure to NGF. Activity subsequently returns to near basal levels.
      A cloned OrnDCase cDNA was used to analyze the levels of OrnDCase RNA. In
      response to NGF administration, OrnDCase RNA levels were induced. The time course
      of the OrnDCase RNA induction paralleled that of the enzyme activity induction,
      and the magnitude of both inductions was quantitatively the same. Increased
      concentration of OrnDCase RNA was clearly detected at the earliest time point
      examined, 2 hr. No change was observed in the size of OrnDCase RNA. The dose
      response curves for both RNA and enzyme activity inductions were also similar.
      Thus, increased OrnDCase RNA levels fully account for, and are responsible for,
      the induction of activity. Further, one-third of the OrnDCase RNA induction was
      unaffected by cycloheximide treatment but was fully blocked by actinomycin D
      treatment, suggesting that NGF acts through at least two mechanisms to mediate
      the OrnDCase induction. The first mechanism is cycloheximide insensitive and the
      second is mediated through an event requiring ongoing protein synthesis. Both
      mechanisms require ongoing transcription, as evidenced by the complete
      sensitivity of the induction process to actinomycin D.

PMID- 3862094
TI  - Isolation of tumor-secreted products from human carcinoma cells maintained in a
      defined protein-free medium.
AB  - A protein-free synthetic cell-growth medium has been defined that permits long
      term survival (greater than 120 days) of an established human colon tumor cell
      line, HT-29. Viability is dependent upon both the concentration of L-glutamine in
      the medium and the cell density at the time of initial transfer into it. Cell
      proliferation is minimal, thus obviating the necessity for subculturing. HT-29
      adenocarcinoma cells maintained in large-scale culture with this medium continue
      to secrete the established colon tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen as well as
      growth factors and lysozyme. These and, potentially, other important tumor
      derived products can therefore be generated continuously in such cultures so that
      they can be isolated from a conditioned medium free of contaminating serum and
      protein supplements.

PMID- 3862095
TI  - In vitro screening assay for teratogens using growth inhibition of human
      embryonic cells.
AB  - We have tested 35 teratogenic and 20 nonteratogenic chemicals or drugs in a short
      term, in vitro assay that identifies teratogens by their ability to inhibit
      growth of an established line of human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells. Only
      those chemicals that exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of growth at
      concentrations less than 1 mM were classified as inhibitory. An Aroclor-induced
      rat liver S-9 system was effective in metabolizing cyclophosphamide to its
      teratogenic form in culture. We suggest that this assay, along with the
      complementary tumor cell-attachment assay of Braun et al. [Braun, A. G., Emerson,
      D. J. & Nichinson, B. B. (1979) Nature (London) 282, 507-509] may be useful as a
      short-term in vitro battery for assessment of the teratogenic potential in
      environmental agents and to prioritize those chemicals which merit further
      testing in vivo.

PMID- 3862096
TI  - Color categorization: a possible concordance between genes and culture.
AB  - A marked correspondence is found to relate the categories of infant wavelength
      discrimination and the ethnographic distribution of adult color terms. The
      structure of the infant category system accounts for at least 75% of the variance
      in the world ethnographic categories (P less than 0.001). Such a correspondence
      is predicted to be favored by natural selection when perceptual mechanisms
      interact with their associated cultural traits.

PMID- 3862097
TI  - Gene-culture coevolution: models for the evolution of altruism with cultural
      transmission.
AB  - Models of sexual haploids under kin selection are constructed. The trait of
      altruism is transmitted vertically from parent to child, but not in a strictly
      genetic manner. Two systems of altruism are considered: parent-to-offspring and
      sib-to-sib. In the former case it is shown that even when Hamilton's conditions
      for the success of genetically determined altruism are met, genes that increase
      the transmission of altruism may not invade the population. With sib-to-sib
      altruism, such genes will always increase initially.

PMID- 3862098
TI  - Complete structure of the alpha B-crystallin gene: conservation of the exon
      intron distribution in the two nonlinked alpha-crystallin genes.
AB  - We isolated bovine complementary DNA clones for the alpha A- and alpha B
      crystallin subunits. The alpha B cDNA clone was used to isolate an alpha B
      crystallin gene. This gene, derived from hamster, occurs as a single copy in the
      genome and is 3.2 kilobases long. The coding sequences are spread on three exons
      with a total length of 709 nucleotides. The exon-intron distribution of the
      hamster alpha B-crystallin gene is similar to that of the alpha A-crystallin gene
      except for the 69 nucleotides that specify the 23 "insert" residues of the alpha
      AIns chain by means of differential splicing. The 3' noncoding region of the
      alpha B mRNA (140 bases), which is short compared with the alpha A mRNA (520
      bases), shows a remarkable homology between calf and hamster. Both alpha
      crystallin cDNA clones have been used to assign the chromosomal location of the
      corresponding human genes with the aid of somatic cell hybrids. It is shown that
      the single-copy alpha A- and alpha B-crystallin genes are located on different
      chromosomes.

PMID- 3862099
TI  - Expression of genes transferred into monocot and dicot plant cells by
      electroporation.
AB  - We have developed a general method for electrically introducing DNA into plant
      cells. Gene transfer occurs when a high-voltage electric pulse is applied to a
      solution containing protoplasts and DNA. Carrot protoplasts were used as a model
      system to optimize gene-transfer efficiency, which was measured 24-48 hr after
      electroporation by the amount of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity
      resulting from the expression of the introduced chimeric plasmids. Gene-transfer
      efficiency increased with the DNA concentration and was affected by the amplitude
      and duration of the electric pulse as well as by the composition of the
      electroporation medium. Our optimized gene-transfer conditions were effective
      when applied to tobacco and maize protoplasts, demonstrating that the method is
      applicable to both monocot and dicot protoplasts.

PMID- 3862100
TI  - A mutation in the beta-globin gene detected in the progeny of a female mouse
      treated with ethylnitrosourea.
AB  - A mouse with a variant hemoglobin was discovered during electrophoretic screening
      of (C57BL/6J X DBA/2J)F1 progeny of females treated with ethylnitrosourea. The
      variant trait was transmitted as a simple Mendelian alternate at the Hbb locus in
      all crosses except those involving the original carrier of the mutation. The
      proband mouse which received the mutation directly from the mutagen-treated
      parent was a germinal mosaic for the mutant and normal Hbbs alleles. The mutant
      allele was designated Hbbs2. The mutant haplotype specifies both an
      electrophoretically fast hemoglobin band and a hemoglobin band in the normal beta
      single hemoglobin position. Thus, the mutation has altered one of the tandemly
      duplicated genes at the Hbbs locus. A comparison of the relative concentrations
      of the two hemoglobins in Hbbs2 mice demonstrates preferential expression of the
      mutant gene, possibly analogous to the enhanced expression of Hbbdmaj in the Hbbd
      haplotype. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of the variant beta-globin
      revealed that the valine at position 60 was changed to glutamic acid. The
      simplest mutation mechanism for such an alteration is an A X T----T X A
      transversion.

PMID- 3862101
TI  - Chromosome localization of the gene for human terminal
      deoxynucleotidyltransferase to region 10q23-q25.
AB  - Complementary DNA clones representing the 3' half, the 5' half, and the entire
      coding region of the human terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase gene (TdT; DNA
      nucleotidylexotransferase, nucleosidetriphosphate: DNA
      deoxynucleotidylexotransferase, EC 2.7.7.31) were used to screen a panel of mouse
      X human somatic cell hybrid DNAs to determine the chromosomal location of the
      human TdT gene. The results of the Southern transfer analysis of hybrid DNAs
      indicate that the gene for TdT is located on human chromosome 10. The in situ
      hybridization technique was then used to further localize the gene for TdT to
      region q23-q25 of human chromosome 10.

PMID- 3862102
TI  - Microdissection and microcloning of the mouse X chromosome.
AB  - A wild mouse (CD) karyotype in which all the chromosomes bar the X, 19, and Y,
      are fused as metacentrics has been used for the microdissection and microcloning
      of a specific mouse X chromosome region. Dissection of a proximal region of the X
      chromosome encompassing the genetic loci Hprt to Tfm and including mdx has
      yielded 650 clones. A number of the recovered clones containing sizable inserts
      have been confirmed as X chromosome specific. This X chromosome bank of clones
      provides a start point for the isolation of the mdx locus. It is now clear that
      microdissection and microcloning can be applied to all mouse chromosomes,
      including the X chromosome, yielding premapped banks of clones that will greatly
      aid in the isolation and characterization of important genetic loci.

PMID- 3862103
TI  - Intron sequences reveal evolutionary relationships among major histocompatibility
      complex class I genes.
AB  - The multigene family of the class I histocompatibility antigens is unusual in
      that allelic and intergenic differences often are of equal magnitude. It has been
      suggested that this is due to gene conversion events, which would produce allelic
      variation but at the same time reduce intergenic differences. We compared the
      sequences of 11 class I genes in an attempt to elucidate the evolutionary history
      of this gene family. Our analysis shows that the intron sequences can be used to
      establish the order of divergence of various class I genes from each other. The
      results obtained agree with the order of divergence deduced from major insertion
      and deletion events. It appears that certain genes in the murine TL antigen
      encoding region diverged very early from the H-2 and Qa-2,3 genes. The latter can
      be subgrouped as H-2 and Qa-2,3 genes by both sequence homology and insertion
      patterns. In contrast to the introns, exon sequences provide less information on
      evolutionary relationships. Thus, these analyses are consistent with the view
      that concerted evolution due to gene conversion occurs preferentially in exons.

PMID- 3862105
TI  - Immunization with Leishmania receptor for macrophages protects mice against
      cutaneous leishmaniasis.
AB  - The Leishmania major receptor for macrophages is a lipid-containing
      glycoconjugate that is recognized by the monoclonal antibody WIC-79.3. When L.
      major promastigotes were incubated with Fab fragments of WIC-79.3 prior to
      injection into genetically susceptible mice, their infectivity was decreased. Fab
      fragments from an irrelevant control antibody of the same class had no effect.
      The L. major glycolipid was purified from detergent-solubilized promastigotes by
      affinity chromatography on immobilized WIC-79.3 and used to vaccinate mice that
      are genetically resistant or susceptible to disease. Genetically resistant mice
      could be protected totally from cutaneous disease with as little as 5 micrograms
      of glycolipid. A high but not absolute level of resistance was also induced in
      the susceptible mice, in which the disease is otherwise fatal. No protection was
      obtained with the carbohydrate fragment of the glycolipid alone or by injection
      of the glycolipid in the absence of adjuvant. Genetically susceptible mice,
      immunized and protected from disease as a result of multiple injections of live
      avirulent cloned promastigotes of L. major, produced antibodies to the glycolipid
      of L. major. No antibodies were detected in serum from chronically diseased mice.
      The data suggest that this functionally important antigen of L. major is a
      candidate vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis.

PMID- 3862104
TI  - Complete cDNA sequence of the fourth component of murine complement.
AB  - We have used the method of Okayama and Berg to construct cDNA clones that span
      the entire length of the fourth component of murine complement (C4) from mouse
      strain B10.WR. The cDNA sequence spans 5372 nucleotides and encodes a pre-pro-C4
      molecule 1738 amino acids in length; it includes 56 and 99 untranslated bases at
      the 5' and 3' ends, respectively, of the C4 mRNA. The deduced pre-pro-C4 molecule
      includes a 19 amino acid signal peptide and two highly basic interchain regions
      that presumably are excised during maturation of the protein. The nucleotide
      sequence shows 79% identity with the human C4 cDNA sequence over the length of
      the protein-coding region. A comparison of the B10.WR C4 sequence with those of
      C4 and sex-limited protein (Slp) from mouse strain FM (i) suggests that the
      difference in hemolytic activity between the C4 proteins from B10.WR and FM is
      due to structural changes distant from both the C1 cleavage site and the internal
      thioester site and (ii) raises the possibility that the C4 gene from B10.WR has
      undergone genetic exchange with its adjoining Slp genes.

PMID- 3862106
TI  - Structure and expression of genes encoding murine Qa-2 class I antigens.
AB  - DNA structural analysis of the Qa region in two BALB/c mouse substrains with
      different Qa-2 phenotypes reveals that a deletion of DNA has occurred in BALB/cBy
      (Qa-2-) mice relative to BALB/c (Qa-2+) mice. We propose that this deletion
      arises from unequal crossing-over and recombination between adjacent BALB/c class
      I genes and results in the generation of a hybrid class I gene in BALB/cBy mice.
      Furthermore, we suggest that this is a direct cause of the change in Qa-2
      phenotype. Further support for this model was obtained from transfection
      experiments in which cloned genes from the equivalent part of the Qa region in
      C57BL/10 mice were introduced into L cells. Four C57BL/10 genes, arranged in two
      almost identical pairs, encode polypeptides that are precipitated from lysates of
      transfectants with anti-Qa-2/3 antiserum. Although loss of one pair of these
      genes in BALB/c mice has no qualitative effect on Qa-2 phenotype, the loss of
      both pairs of genes via gene fusion leads to the loss of the Qa-2+ phenotype in
      BALB/cBy mice.

PMID- 3862107
TI  - Rat cells infected with anemia-inducing Friend leukemia virus contain integrated
      replication-competent but not defective proviral genomes.
AB  - The integrated proviral DNA in five murine cell lines transformed by the anemic
      strain of Friend leukemia virus (FLV-A) was examined by Southern hybridization to
      a cloned Friend virus (F-MuLV) probe. Kpn I fragments 9 kilobases (kb) and 5.7 kb
      long were observed for each cell line. However, the number of copies of each
      fragment in the cell genome varied according to the cell type. As compared to the
      adherent epithelioid cell lines, the anchorage-independent erythroleukemic cell
      lines contained more copies of the 5.7-kb fragment than of the 9-kb fragment,
      suggesting that the former may be biologically significant and perhaps related to
      the growth of erythroid cells. The presence of Kpn I fragments of the same sizes,
      albeit in fewer copies, in normal mouse spleen DNA made it difficult to
      distinguish exogenous virus from endogenous viral sequences. Therefore, rat 3Y1
      cells, which contained no murine endogenous viruses, were infected with FLV-A
      stock virus prepared directly from the spleens of leukemic mice. Only the 9-kb
      Kpn I fragment, representing replication-competent Friend virus component, was
      detected in the infected rat cell DNA. No hybridization was observed to a 0.6-kb
      fragment of the spleen focus-forming virus env gene that is specific for
      xenotropic and dual-tropic mink cell focus-forming viruses. Since the virus
      synthesized by the infected rat cells was leukemogenic in adult mice, these data
      suggest that the wild-type FLV-A is replicative and fully pathogenic in the
      absence of other competent virus components.

PMID- 3862108
TI  - Altered steady-state ratio of type I/III procollagen mRNAs correlates with
      selectively increased type I procollagen biosynthesis in cultured keloid
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Regulation of collagen gene expression was studied in fibroblast cultures
      established from patients with keloids, fibrotic lesions of the skin. In selected
      keloid fibroblast cultures, an overproduction of type I procollagen was observed.
      This increase was accompanied by a parallel increase in type I procollagen
      specific mRNA levels, as detected by dot-blot and RNA transfer hybridizations,
      without concomitant change in type I procollagen gene copy number. At the same
      time, type III procollagen mRNA levels were unaltered, resulting in markedly
      elevated type I/III procollagen mRNA ratios. Thus, keloid fibroblasts offer a
      unique model to study the independent regulation of the gene expression of two
      genetically distinct procollagens, type I and type III.

PMID- 3862109
TI  - Endothelial cell-derived chemotactic activity for mouse peritoneal macrophages
      and the effects of modified forms of low density lipoprotein.
AB  - Cultured rabbit and bovine aortic endothelial cells generated chemotactic
      activity for mouse resident peritoneal macrophages, demonstrable in the
      conditioned medium. This chemotactic activity was heat stable and was not
      extracted into chloroform/methanol. It was inhibited by addition of endothelial
      cell-modified low density lipoprotein (EC-modified LDL), a form of LDL shown
      previously to contain peroxidized lipids, increased lysophosphatidylcholine, and
      partially degraded apoprotein B. The chemotactic activity was also inhibited by
      LDL previously oxidized in the absence of cells with 5 microM Cu2+. Inhibitory
      activity was present in the lipid extract of EC-modified LDL but not in that of
      native LDL, presumably representing peroxidized lipid components. EC-modified LDL
      also inhibited the chemotactic activity of zymosan-activated serum. Because EC
      modified LDL is taken up in part by way of the acetyl-LDL receptor, the effects
      of acetyl-LDL were tested. Rather than inhibiting chemotaxis, acetyl LDL showed
      intrinsic positive chemotactic activity as did also fucoidin and polyinosinic
      acid, both of which also interact with the acetyl-LDL receptor. These studies
      suggest mechanisms by which macrophages may be recruited into the subendothelial
      space by endothelial cell-derived chemotactic factors or by natural polyanions
      structurally related to fucoidin or polyinosinic acid and then become "trapped"
      there because of the inhibitory effects of peroxidized lipid components in
      modified forms of LDL.

PMID- 3862110
TI  - Predominance of hemodynamic rather than metabolic factors in the pathogenesis of
      diabetic glomerulopathy.
AB  - Six groups of Munich-Wistar rats underwent micropuncture study 2-10 weeks and
      morphologic studies 11-13 months after induction of streptozotocin diabetes or
      after sham treatment. Diabetic rats received diets containing 6% (group D6), 12%
      (D12), or 50% protein (D50) and were maintained under similar conditions of
      moderate hyperglycemia by daily injections of ultralente insulin. Age- and weight
      matched normal control rats were also given 6% (Group N6), 12% (N12), or 50%
      protein (N50). Kidney weight, whole-kidney and single-nephron glomerular
      filtration rate, glomerular plasma flow, and mean glomerular transcapillary
      hydraulic pressure difference were higher in D50 rats than in all other groups
      and predisposed this group to marked and progressive albuminuria. Likewise,
      histological examination of the kidneys disclosed areas of sclerosis in 19.6% of
      glomeruli in D50 rats; the frequency of such lesions was less than 2.5% in all
      other groups. These findings indicate that the metabolic disorder seen in stable,
      moderately hyperglycemic diabetic rats does not lead to glomerulopathy as long as
      elevations in glomerular pressures and flows are prevented.

PMID- 3862111
TI  - Quantal mechanism of long-term synaptic potentiation.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were used to demonstrate the occurrence and to analyze
      the microphysiology of long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) in the crayfish
      opener neuromuscular synapse. Brief stimulation of the single excitor motor axon
      enhanced the amplitudes of subsequent postsynaptic potentials for several hours.
      Three methods of quantal analysis were used to evaluate the mechanism responsible
      for LTP. The results of all three methods supported predictions of the hypothesis
      that LTP results from a presynaptic mechanism that increases the average of
      neurotransmitter quanta evoked by nerve impulses in the excitor axon.

PMID- 3862112
TI  - Contrast and assimilation in the perception of brightness.
AB  - The rapid estimation of the brightness of objects is one of the nervous system's
      major visual tasks. Exactly how the eye and brain perform this basic task is
      still not understood. Two mechanisms that contribute to human perception of the
      brightness of objects have been identified previously: (i) the visual response to
      physical contrast and (ii) assimilation. Use of a unique visual display device
      allowed us to measure the relative importance of these two mechanisms. The
      present results reveal that assimilation is about half as effective as physical
      contrast in determining the apparent brightness of objects. These results imply
      that previous theories of vision--for instance, the retinex theory--will have to
      be revised; the importance of physical contrast must be weighted more strongly.

PMID- 3862113
TI  - Differential effects of electrical stimulation of sciatic nerve on metabolic
      activity in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion in the rat.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the proximal stump of the transected sciatic nerve
      produces a frequency-dependent activation of glucose utilization, measured with
      the autoradiographic deoxy [14C]glucose method, in the dorsal horn of the spinal
      cord but produces no change in glucose utilization in the dorsal root ganglion
      cells. These results suggest that axon terminals and not the cell bodies are the
      sites of enhanced metabolic activity during increased functional activity of this
      pathway.

PMID- 3862114
TI  - Changes in cell volume measured with an electrophysiologic technique.
AB  - Epithelial cells of the gallbladder of Necturus maculosus were loaded with
      tetramethylammonium (Me4N+) by transient exposure of the apical (lumen-facing)
      surface to a solution of high Me4N+ concentration containing also the polyene
      antibiotic nystatin. Upon removal of nystatin, in the continued presence of
      Me4N+, spontaneous restoration of the native ionic permeability of the apical
      cell membrane was observed. At this time, external Me4N+ was removed;
      intracellular [Me4N+] measured with ion-sensitive microelectrodes was 2-15 mM and
      remained unchanged for several hours. Changes in cell volume were estimated from
      the changes in intracellular [Me4N+] produced by alterations in the osmolality of
      the mucosal bathing solution. Assuming that such changes are caused entirely by
      water fluxes across the apical membrane, the minimum value of its hydraulic
      permeability coefficient (Lp) was 1-3 X 10(-3) cm.sec-1.(osmoles/kg)-1,
      suggesting that an osmolality difference across the apical membrane as small as 1
      3 milliosmoles/kg could explain the average rate of transepithelial water
      transport. These results agree with optical measurements [Persson, B. O. &
      Spring, K. R. (1982) J. Gen. Physiol. 79, 481-505]. The effective thickness of
      the apical unstirred layer was estimated from the time courses of both the apical
      membrane voltage and the response of an extracellular K+-sensitive microelectrode
      to an increase in [K+] in the mucosal bath. Since changes in concentration of the
      osmotically active solute at the membrane surface were thus shown to be
      significantly delayed by diffusion, the Lp value, calculated assuming a step
      change in osmolality, is an underestimate.

PMID- 3862115
TI  - Transformation of prostaglandin D2 to 9 alpha, 11 beta-(15S)-trihydroxyprosta
      (5Z,13E)-dien-1-oic acid (9 alpha, 11 beta-prostaglandin F2): a unique
      biologically active prostaglandin produced enzymatically in vivo in humans.
AB  - In vitro studies examining the metabolic transformation of prostaglandin D2
      (PGD2) by human liver were conducted. PGD2 was found to be converted by a NADPH
      dependent enzyme in the 100,000 X g supernatant of human liver exclusively to a
      single more polar compound that had a mass spectrum essentially the same as that
      of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). However, this compound could be
      chromatographically separated from PGF2 alpha and failed to form a butylboronate
      derivative. The structure of this compound was established as 9 alpha, 11 beta
      (15S)-trihydroxyprosta-(5Z, 13E)-dien-1-oic acid (9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2) by
      comparison of its chromatographic and mass spectral characteristics with
      authentic 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2. This compound was found to be biologically
      active by demonstrating increases in blood pressure in rats in a dose-related
      fashion following intravenous administration. By using a mass spectrometric
      assay, levels of this compound in plasma and urine from a normal volunteer were 6
      pg/ml and 982 ng/24 hr, respectively. In a patient with systemic mastocytosis
      associated with overproduction of PGD2, urinary excretion of 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF
      2 was 6634 ng/24 hr and a circulating plasma level as high as 490 ng/ml was found
      during a severe episode of systemic mast cell activation. 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2
      is structurally a unique prostaglandin, is enzymatically formed, is produced in
      vivo in humans, and is biologically active.

PMID- 3862116
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of an unusual regionally expressed silkmoth chorion RNA:
      predicted primary and secondary structures of an architectural protein.
AB  - We have sequenced DNA clones corresponding to the entire coding and 5'
      untranslated regions and almost all of the 3' untranslated region of a silkmoth
      chorion RNA which is expressed largely in a subpopulation of follicular
      epithelial cells (aeropyle crown region). This RNA encodes the E1 protein, one of
      two components of the prominent "filler" that helps mold the shape of aeropyle
      crowns. The conceptually translated E1 sequence reveals an alternation in
      hydrophobic and hydrophilic stretches of amino acids that correlates with certain
      predictions about its secondary structure. E1 is unusual in revealing no sequence
      homology with other known chorion sequences and in having an unusually long 3'
      untranslated region. Sequence analysis of the 5' end of the E1 gene has
      identified an intron near the end of the signal peptide-encoding region, a
      feature shared with other chorion genes.

PMID- 3862117
TI  - Perturbation of maintenance and de novo DNA methylation in vitro by UVB (280-340
      nm)-induced pyrimidine photodimers.
AB  - The effect of pyrimidine photodimers on transmethylation reactions catalyzed by a
      highly purified rat liver DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.37) that
      exhibits maintenance and de novo methylation activities was studied in vitro,
      using the viral substrates M13 mp9 replicative form (RF) DNA and the
      hemimethylated analog formed from primed synthesis of phage DNA in the presence
      of 2'-deoxy-5-methylcytidine 5'-triphosphate. These DNAs were irradiated with UVB
      (280-340 nm) at 900-3600 J/m2 in the presence of the triplet-state sensitizers
      acetone or 3-dimethylaminopropiophenone. Under these conditions of irradiation,
      which approximate solar UV, pyrimidine cyclobutane photodimers were introduced
      without producing any evidence of single-strand breaks or alkali-sensitive sites
      [i.e., no (6-4)pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts]. This was confirmed by gel
      analysis, a T4 UV endonuclease nicking assay specific for cyclobutane-type
      dimers, and HPLC analysis of the photoproducts. The methylation of irradiated
      templates by DNA methyltransferase was inhibited in an approximately linear
      fashion as a function of increasing UVB dose. This inhibition was correlated with
      the number of lethal photoproducts detected by the simultaneous measurement of
      the surviving fraction of infectious phage DNA. For approximately the same number
      of pyrimidine cyclobutane photoproducts introduced, de novo methylation activity
      was approximately 2-fold more sensitive than the maintenance mode of methylation.
      The ability of these putatively carcinogenic, pyrimidine photoproducts to inhibit
      DNA methylation suggests a common mechanism of action with several chemical
      carcinogens that are known to modify bases.

PMID- 3862118
TI  - Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding porcine mitochondrial aspartate
      aminotransferase precursor.
AB  - The primary structure of pig mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (mAspATase;
      L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1) precursor was deduced
      from its cDNA sequence. A library of cDNA clones was constructed from pig liver
      poly(A)+ RNA by applying the vector/primer method of Okayama and Berg [Okayama,
      H. & Berg, P. (1982) Mol. Cell. Biol. 2, 161-170]. The library was screened for
      pig mAspATase sequences by using a mixture of eight oligodeoxyribonucleotides as
      a probe. The sequences of the probe were deduced from the known amino acid
      sequence of pig mAspATase residues 196-201. Two recombinant plasmids containing
      inserts of about 2500 and 2600 base pairs were selected for sequence analysis.
      The amino acid sequence predicted from the cDNA sequence shows that the pig
      mAspATase precursor consists of the mature enzyme of 401 amino acid residues and
      an amino-terminal segment of 29 amino acid residues called the "presequence" that
      contains four basic amino acid residues, no acidic residues, and no hydrophobic
      amino acid stretch. The sequence of this 29-amino acid mAspATase precursor
      segment was compared with the presequences of other mitochondrial enzymes.

PMID- 3862119
TI  - Transcription of the human hsp70 gene is induced by serum stimulation.
AB  - We have examined the expression of the heat shock protein (hsp70) gene in human
      cells. The transcription of the hsp70 gene and accumulation of cytoplasmic hsp70
      mRNA is induced by serum stimulation. Populations of HeLa cells and human
      embryonic kidney cells (cell line 293) were serum starved. Upon serum
      stimulation, the level of hsp70 mRNA transiently increases between 12 and 18 hr
      to a 10-fold higher level. The increased levels of hsp70 mRNA can be accounted
      for by a 10- to 15-fold increase in the rate of transcription of the hsp70 gene.
      When cells were serum-stimulated in the presence of an inhibitor of DNA
      synthesis, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (araC), the levels of hsp70 mRNA
      were induced to only 20% of the maximal level detected in the absence of the
      inhibitor. This suggests that the expression of the hsp70 gene is coupled to DNA
      synthesis. The cloned human hsp70 gene contains regulatory sequences that confer
      serum-stimulated transcriptional control. The endogenous hsp70 gene and the
      transfected chimeric gene containing sequences upstream of the hsp70 gene fused
      to bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase are both temporally expressed in
      stable transfectants of cell line 293 cells. The endogenous hsp70 mRNA and the
      chimeric mRNA reach maximum levels 12-18 hr after serum stimulation.

PMID- 3862120
TI  - Human placental alkaline phosphatase in liver and intestine.
AB  - Three distinct forms of human alkaline phosphatase, presumably isozymes, are
      known, each apparently associated with a specific tissue. These are placental,
      intestinal, and liver (kidney and bone). We have used a specific immunoassay and
      HPLC to show that placental alkaline phosphatase is also present in extracts of
      liver and intestine in appreciable amounts.

PMID- 3862121
TI  - (Glu62, Ala30, Tyr8)n serves as high-affinity substrate for tyrosylprotein
      sulfotransferase: a Golgi enzyme.
AB  - Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase, the enzyme catalyzing the sulfation of proteins
      on tyrosine residues, was characterized by using the acidic polymer containing
      tyrosine (Glu62, Ala30, Tyr8)n (referred to as Glu,Ala,Tyr) as exogenous
      "protein" substrate. After subcellular fractionation of a bovine adrenal medulla
      homogenate, tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase activity was found to be highest in
      fractions enriched in Golgi membrane vesicles. Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase
      required the presence of a nonionic detergent for sulfation of exogenous
      Glu,Ala,Tyr, indicating an orientation of the catalytic site of the enzyme toward
      the Golgi lumen. Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase was solubilized by Triton X-100,
      suggesting that the enzyme was tightly associated with the Golgi membrane,
      possibly as an integral membrane protein. The apparent Golgi localization of
      tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase was supported by the observation that tyrosine
      sulfation of proteins in intact cells was blocked by monensin and was in line
      with previous observations that all tyrosine-sulfated proteins known so far are
      secretory. Glu,Ala,Tyr was found to have a very high affinity for tyrosylprotein
      sulfotransferase (apparent Km, 300 nM), similar to that reported for certain
      tyrosylprotein kinases. While this may suggest some similarity between these
      enzymes, the Golgi localization of tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase segregates
      tyrosine sulfation from the sites of tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in the
      intact cell. If, however, tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase was allowed to react
      with cytoplasmic proteins by using a nonionic detergent, tyrosine sulfation of
      tubulin was observed.

PMID- 3862122
TI  - Efficient insertion of genes into the mouse germ line via retroviral vectors.
AB  - We present a general strategy for the efficient insertion of recombinant
      retroviral vector DNA into the mouse germ line via infection of preimplantation
      mouse embryos. Transgenic mice were generated that harbor a replication-competent
      recombinant retrovirus (delta Mo + Py M-MuLV) that lacks the Moloney murine
      leukemia virus (M-MuLV)-type enhancer sequence in the long terminal repeat (LTR).
      Instead, the LTR contains an enhancer element that permits polyoma virus F101 to
      grow in undifferentiated F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. Expression studies in
      different tissues of animals transgenic for delta Mo + Py M-MuLV indicate
      possibilities to target and modulate expression of retroviral recombinants in
      mice via their LTR enhancer sequences. In addition, 16 transgenic mice were
      generated that harbor proviral DNA of a defective recombinant retrovirus carrying
      a mutant dihydrofolate reductase gene.

PMID- 3862123
TI  - Visualization of the protein associations in the erythrocyte membrane skeleton.
AB  - We have obtained clear images of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton from
      negatively stained preparations that originate directly from the intact cell but
      in which the spectrin meshwork is artificially spread to allow close inspection.
      Our procedure requires less than 2 min at 5 degrees C in phosphate buffers. We
      find 200-nm-long spectrin tetramers crosslinked by junctional complexes. Each
      junction contains a regular 37-nm rod, probably an actin oligomer of
      approximately 13 monomers. Densities appear at variable places in the meshwork
      but distinct globules occur with great frequency 78 nm from the spectrin
      tetramer's junctional insertion end, very close to the known binding site for
      ankyrin. Most frequently, five or six spectrin tetramers insert into each
      junction, producing a meshwork that displays remarkably regular long range order.

PMID- 3862125
TI  - Cystic fibrosis decreases the apical membrane chloride permeability of monolayers
      cultured from cells of tracheal epithelium.
AB  - The tracheal mucosa from a 12-year-old girl was digested with collagenase 4 hr
      after her death from cystic fibrosis. Forty million viable cells were obtained.
      The cells, plated at 10(6) per cm2 onto four Nuclepore filters coated with human
      placental collagen, formed confluent monolayers after 1 day. Their ultrastructure
      was similar to that of normal human cells. They were studied in conventional
      Ussing chambers or with intracellular microelectrodes on days 5-7 after plating.
      The monolayers displayed resistance of 380 +/- 50 omega X cm2 and short-circuit
      current (Isc) of 1.8 +/- 0.4 microA X cm-2. This resistance is similar to that
      obtained for dog or normal human monolayers. The Isc is less than normal human
      (approximately 3 microA X cm-2) or dog (approximately 10 microA X cm-2) cells.
      The cystic fibrosis cells resembled normal monolayers in that serosal ouabain and
      mucosal amiloride inhibited Isc, while mucosal ouabain or serosal amiloride had
      no effect. They differed from normal human or dog cells in that Isc was not
      inhibited by bumetanide and the stimulation of Isc by isoproterenol or
      prostaglandin E2 was greatly reduced or abolished. Addition of isoproterenol
      depolarized apical membrane potential (psi a) and decreased fractional resistance
      (fR) in normal human and dog but had no effect on psi a or fR in cystic fibrosis
      cells. Reduction of mucosal chloride from 120 to 5 mM by replacement with
      gluconate increased fR of dog and normal human monolayers and depolarized psi a
      by 22 (dog) or 30 (human) mV. In cystic fibrosis monolayers, chloride replacement
      hyperpolarized psi a by 2 mV and had little effect on fR. These results suggest
      that the primary defect in cystic fibrosis is reduced apical membrane chloride
      conductance.

PMID- 3862126
TI  - Change of karyoskeleton during spermatogenesis of Xenopus: expression of lamin
      LIV, a nuclear lamina protein specific for the male germ line.
AB  - Lamins are the major constituent proteins of the nuclear lamina. In the frog,
      Xenopus laevis, they are the products of a multigene family whose expression can
      be correlated to certain routes of cell differentiation. For example, lamins LI
      (Mr, 72,000) and LII (Mr, 68,000) is expressed, together with LI/LII, in certain
      highly differentiated cell types such as neurons and muscle cells and is the only
      lamin present in diplotene oocytes. Here we report the identification by means of
      two monoclonal antibodies of a fourth lamin (LIV) of Mr 75,000, which is
      expressed specifically during the later stages of spermatogenesis. In the
      seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cells contain LI/LII and LIII whereas, among the
      spermatogenic cells, spermatogonia contain only LI and LII. In contrast, in
      spermatids and sperm cells these lamins are completely replaced by lamin LIV.
      Primary spermatocytes are negative with both antibodies, indicating that a switch
      in the expression of lamins occurs early in spermatogenesis. Lamin LIV is
      distributed in patches along the nuclear envelopes of elongated spermatids and
      sperm cells rather than in the characteristic continuous lamina pattern found in
      most other cells. We hypothesize that the specific expression of lamin LIV is
      related to the conspicuous changes of nuclear architecture and chronmatin
      composition that are known to take place during the late stages of sperm
      development.

PMID- 3862124
TI  - A possible mechanism of psoralen phototoxicity not involving direct interaction
      with DNA.
AB  - Psoralens in combination with ultraviolet light (UVA; 320-400 nm) are used in the
      photochemical treatment of a variety of skin diseases including vitiligo, a skin
      depigmentational disorder, and psoriasis, a disease of accelerated epidermal cell
      proliferation. Although it is generally assumed that the major site of action of
      the psoralens is DNA, we have obtained evidence that another site may be the
      primary target for these compounds. We have identified specific, saturable, high
      affinity binding sites for 8-methoxypsoralen on HeLa cells and have detected
      specific binding of 8-methoxypsoralen to four other human cell lines and five
      mouse cell lines. In HeLa cells, specific binding is reversible and independent
      of the ability of the compound to intercalate into DNA. In addition, binding
      sites become covalently modified by the psoralen after UVA exposure. Specific
      binding of 8-[methoxy-3H]methoxypsoralen constitutes 79% of the label bound to
      the cells. Scatchard analysis indicated two classes of psoralen binding sites:
      high-affinity sites with a Kd of 19 X 10(-9) M (1.8 X 10(5) sites per cell) and
      low-affinity sites with a Kd of 4 X 10(-6) M (7.1 X 10(6) sites per cell). Four
      structurally related psoralen analogs block 8-methoxypsoralen binding in a manner
      that parallels their biological activity. Based on these findings, we hypothesize
      that specific binding sites for psoralens on mammalian cells mediate, at least in
      part, psoralen-induced phototoxicity.

PMID- 3862127
TI  - The formation of fenestrations and channels by capillary endothelium in vitro.
AB  - Microvascular endothelial cells isolated from fenestrated capillaries have been
      shown to form tubes in vitro, thereby demonstrating that they retain the ability
      to express some degree of their in vivo differentiated phenotype. However, some
      of their physiologically important structural features, such as transendothelial
      openings (i. e., diaphragmed fenestrations and transendothelial channels) are
      lost or are greatly reduced in number. In this study, cloned bovine adrenal
      cortex endothelial cells were cultured on plastic or on a basal lamina produced
      by Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells for up to 17 days postconfluence. All
      cultures were then routinely fixed and processed for electron microscopic
      morphometry. For cells grown on plastic for 17 days postconfluence, the linear
      density of transendothelial openings in endothelial profiles less than 400 nm
      thick was found to be 0.007 openings per micron. On MDCK matrix, however, the
      linear density of transendothelial openings in endothelial profiles less than 400
      nm thick was found to be 0.157 per micron. Occasionally some cells formed "tube
      like" structures that also contained diaphragmed fenestrations and
      transendothelial channels on both sides of the tubes. These findings suggest that
      the substrate on which endothelial cells are grown can affect their
      differentiation.

PMID- 3862128
TI  - Regional mapping of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene and the phenylketonuria
      locus in the human genome.
AB  - Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder of amino acid metabolism
      caused by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH;
      phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase, EC 1.14.16.1). A cDNA clone for human PAH has
      previously been used to assign the corresponding gene to human chromosome 12. To
      define the regional map position of the disease locus and the PAH gene on human
      chromosome 12, DNA was isolated from human-hamster somatic cell hybrids with
      various deletions of human chromosome 12 and was analyzed by Southern blot
      analysis using the human cDNA PAH clone as a hybridization probe. From these
      results, together with detailed biochemical and cytogenetic characterization of
      the hybrid cells, the region on chromosome 12 containing the human PAH gene has
      been defined as 12q14.3----qter. The PAH map position on chromosome 12 was
      further localized by in situ hybridization of 125I-labeled human PAH cDNA to
      chromosomes prepared from a human lymphoblastoid cell line. Results of these
      experiments demonstrated that the region on chromosome 12 containing the PAH gene
      and the PKU locus in man is 12q22----12q24.1. These results not only provide a
      regionalized map position for a major human disease locus but also can serve as a
      reference point for linkage analysis with other DNA markers on human chromosome
      12.

PMID- 3862129
TI  - Exopolysaccharide-deficient mutants of Rhizobium meliloti that form ineffective
      nodules.
AB  - By screening with the fluorescent stain Calcofluor, we have isolated 26
      independent transposon Tn5 insertion mutants of Rhizobium meliloti that are
      deficient in the production of a known extracellular polysaccharide (Exo-). The
      mutants belonged to six distinct genetic groups based on the ability of their Exo
      phenotype to be complemented by different recombinant plasmids from a R.
      meliloti clone bank. With few exceptions, all of the mutants formed ineffective
      (non-nitrogen-fixing) nodules on alfalfa. For all but one group, the
      complementing plasmids restored effective nodulation. These results establish a
      firm and extensive correlation between the ability of Rhizobium to produce a
      particular polysaccharide and symbiotic proficiency. The ineffective nodules
      appeared to contain no bacteroids and to form without shepherds' crooks or
      infection threads; this symbiotic phenotype matches that described for a set of
      independently isolated mutants that belong phenotypically and genetically to the
      group B exopolysaccharide mutants described previously [Finan et al. (1985) Cell
      40, 869-877]. Apparently the exopolysaccharide, although not required for nodule
      formation, is involved in wild-type nodule invasion.

PMID- 3862130
TI  - Variable numbers of pepsinogen genes are located in the centromeric region of
      human chromosome 11 and determine the high-frequency electrophoretic
      polymorphism.
AB  - A panel of 26 mouse-human somatic cell hybrids containing different human
      chromosome complements was analyzed with a cloned human pepsinogen cDNA probe to
      determine the chromosomal location and the number of genes encoding these
      proteins. A complex containing variable numbers of pepsinogen genes was localized
      to the centromeric region of human chromosome 11 (p11----q13). Examination of
      somatic cell hybrids containing single copies of chromosome 11 and the
      corresponding human parental cell lines revealed a restriction fragment length
      polymorphism determined by pepsinogen haplotypes that contained two or three
      genes, respectively. Concurrent studies of DNA from individuals exhibiting the
      most common pepsinogen electrophoretic phenotypes with exon-specific probes
      demonstrated that the absence of one gene among the different restriction
      fragment patterns correlated with the absence of one specific isozymogen (Pg 5).
      Thus, our studies demonstrate that this genetic polymorphism involving intensity
      variation of individual pepsinogen isozymogens results from chromosome haplotypes
      that contain different numbers of genes. The regional localization of this
      polymorphic gene complex will facilitate detailed linkage analysis of human
      chromosome 11.

PMID- 3862131
TI  - Expression of hybrid class I genes of the major histocompatibility complex in
      mouse L cells.
AB  - The class I genes of the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse can be
      divided into two categories: those encoding the transplantation antigens and
      those encoding the Qa and Tla antigens. The inbred BALB/c mouse has 28 potential
      Qa/Tla genes. The sites of tissue expression, developmental regulation, and
      functions of these genes are virtually unknown. We have used the technique of
      exon shuffling to construct hybrid genes between each of three Qa region genes
      (Q5, Q7, and Q8) and two other class I genes (H-2Ld and Q6). The hybrid genes
      have been transfected into mouse L cells, in which intact transplantation antigen
      genes generally are expressed and in which intact Qa genes generally are not
      expressed. Analysis of expression of the hybrid gene constructs indicates that
      the 5' half of two of the Qa genes (Q5 and Q8) can readily be expressed in the
      context of a hybrid molecule, whereas the 3' half prevents cell-surface
      expression. The exon shuffling approach described here will be useful in
      characterizing Qa/Tla genes and in identifying or producing new reagents to study
      the Qa/Tla gene products, their tissue distribution, their developmental stages
      of expression, and, ultimately, their functions.

PMID- 3862132
TI  - Genetic differences in oxygen toxicity are correlated with cytochrome P-450
      inducibility.
AB  - Susceptibility to oxygen toxicity was studied in three inbred and two hybrid
      strains of mice. Because in vitro studies have shown that the cytochrome P-450
      enzymes can produce oxygen radicals and H2O2, we tested the hypothesis that
      inducibility of these enzymes might play a role in oxygen toxicity. Mice
      responsive to hepatic microsomal enzyme induction by aromatic hydrocarbons
      [C3H/HeJ, C3H/HeN, C3H/HeJ X DBA/2J (designated C3D2F1/J), C3H/HeN X DBA/2J
      (designated C3D2F1/N)] were more sensitive to the toxic effects of 100% oxygen
      exposure than were genetically unresponsive mice (DBA/2J). DBA/2J mice survived
      significantly longer exposure periods with less lung damage. Lung and liver
      cytochrome P-450 levels increased 2-to 3-fold in C3H and F1 mice during 100%
      oxygen exposure (maximum levels at 72-96 hr) and subsequently fell prior to
      death. No increases were seen in cytochrome P-450 levels in DBA/2J mice.
      Metabolic pathways involving cytochrome P-450 enzymes may initiate or modulate
      oxidative damage due to oxygen radicals. The difference in responsiveness of mice
      to microsomal enzyme induction may imply genetic differences in susceptibility to
      oxidative stress, may help to explain species differences in susceptibility, and
      may have long-term implications in therapeutics and patient care if similar
      inherited differences exist in humans.

PMID- 3862133
TI  - Transplants of Schwann cell cultures promote axonal regeneration in the adult
      mammalian brain.
AB  - Transplantation of embryonic brain tissue or mature peripheral nerves into the
      adult mammalian central nervous system promotes axonal regrowth from axotomized
      central nervous system neurons; however, the cellular origin and molecular nature
      of the factors promoting axonal growth in vivo are unknown. To further
      characterize cellular environments that facilitate regeneration of central
      nervous system axons, we developed a methodology whereby cultured cell
      preparations can be transplanted into the brain of mature mammals. For this
      procedure, lesions are produced in the septal-hippocampal system of adult rats,
      and selected regions from collagen-supported Schwann cell/neuron cultures
      (consisting of Schwann cells, extracellular matrix, and degenerating neuronal
      processes and myelin but devoid of neuronal perikarya and fibroblasts) are
      positioned within the intracephalic cavity so that they bridge the lesion gap
      (approximately 3 mm) separating the septum and hippocampus. At various time up to
      3 weeks after transplantation, specimens were prepared for acetylcholinesterase
      histochemistry and the immunocytochemical localization of laminin (an
      extracellular matrix protein) and C-4 (a Schwann cell membrane antigen). All
      specimens (from uninjured controls and from animals with either acellular
      collagen or mature Schwann cell/extracellular matrix transplants) contained
      laminin immunoreactivity associated with the meninges, choroid plexus, ependyma,
      and cerebral blood vessels. All animals with transplants showed prominent laminin
      staining on astrocytic processes along the intracephalic cavity, but only the
      Schwann cell/extracellular matrix transplants exhibited dense laminin and C-4
      immunoreactivity within the cellular portion of the transplants. Regeneration of
      acetylcholinesterase-positive septal fibers occurred only in animals containing
      Schwann cell/extracellular matrix transplants. By 6 days after transplantation,
      acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers were observed both on laminin-positive
      cellular tissue strands connecting the septum and the Schwann cell/extracellular
      matrix transplants and on the initial portions of the transplants. By day 14,
      acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers traversed the entire lesion cavity in
      intimate association with the laminin- and C-4-positive cellular layer of the
      transplants and reinnervated the host hippocampus. However, cholinergic fibers
      were not associated with all laminin-containing processes along the lesion cavity
      nor did they grow along acellular collagen transplants. These results indicate
      the presence of factors in transplants of cultured Schwann cells and their
      associated extracellular matrix that promote rapid regeneration of central
      nervous system cholinergic axons in vivo.

PMID- 3862134
TI  - Two types of muscarinic response to acetylcholine in mammalian cortical neurons.
AB  - Applications of acetylcholine (AcCho) to pyramidal cells of guinea pig cingulate
      cortical slices maintained in vitro result in a short latency inhibition,
      followed by a prolonged increase in excitability. Cholinergic inhibition is
      mediated through the rapid excitation of interneurons that utilize the inhibitory
      neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This rapid excitation of
      interneurons is associated with a membrane depolarization and a decrease in
      neuronal input resistance. In contrast, AcCho-induced excitation of pyramidal
      cells is due to a direct action that produces a voltage-dependent increase in
      input resistance. In the experiments reported here, we investigated the
      possibility that these two responses are mediated by different subclasses of
      cholinergic receptors. The inhibitory and slow excitatory responses of pyramidal
      neurons were blocked by muscarinic but not by nicotinic antagonists. Pirenzepine
      was more effective in blocking the AcCho-induced slow depolarization than in
      blocking the hyperpolarization of pyramidal neurons. The two responses also
      varied in their sensitivity to various cholinergic agonists, making it possible
      to selectively activate either. These data suggest that AcCho may produce two
      physiologically and pharmacologically distinct muscarinic responses on
      neocortical neurons: slowly developing voltage-dependent depolarizations
      associated with an increase in input resistance in pyramidal cells and short
      latency depolarizations associated with a decrease in input resistance in
      presumed GABAergic interneurons.

PMID- 3862135
TI  - Changes in plasma proenkephalin peptide F and catecholamine levels during graded
      exercise in men.
AB  - Proenkephalin peptide F immunoreactivity, epinephrine, and norepinephrine were
      measured in the plasma of endurance-trained and untrained male subjects riding on
      a bicycle ergometer at 28%, 54%, 83%, and 100% of maximum oxygen consumption
      (VO2). At rest the trained group had peptide F levels almost twice the level of
      the untrained group, whereas all other variables measured were the same. The
      maximum epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were found at 100% exercise
      intensity, with a precipitous drop in the levels at 5 min of recovery. In
      contrast, the peptide F immunoreactivity reached a maximum at 5 min of recovery
      and was still substantially above the initial level after 15 min of rest. In
      addition, the trained subjects showed another peak of peptide F immunoreactivity
      at 54% VO2max. Possible explanations for the different patterns of catecholamine
      and peptide F levels are presented.

PMID- 3862136
TI  - Chloride/formate exchange with formic acid recycling: a mechanism of active
      chloride transport across epithelial membranes.
AB  - The pathways for transport of Cl- and formate in microvillus membrane vesicles
      isolated from rabbit renal cortex were evaluated. An outward formate gradient
      stimulated the uptake of Cl-, and an outward Cl- gradient stimulated the uptake
      of formate, indicating Cl-/formate exchange. In addition, an inside alkaline pH
      gradient induced the accumulation of formate, consistent with nonionic diffusion
      of formic acid. Although an inward Na+ gradient also stimulated uphill formate
      accumulation, suggesting Na+/formate cotransport, this effect was abolished when
      ionophores were used to prevent the generation of a transmembrane pH gradient,
      indicating an indirect coupling of formic acid transport to Na+/H+ exchange. An
      inside alkaline pH gradient only minimally stimulated the uptake of 82Br-, used
      as tracer for Cl-, confirming the absence of appreciable Cl-/OH- exchange.
      However, the same pH gradient in the presence of a physiologic formate
      concentration (0.2 mM) markedly stimulated 82Br- influx. These data suggest that
      Cl-/formate exchange with recycling of formic acid by nonionic diffusion is a
      potential mechanism for active Cl- absorption across the luminal membrane in the
      proximal tubule and perhaps in other epithelia.

PMID- 3862137
TI  - The efflux from and the metabolism of 3H-norepinephrine in sow Graafian
      follicles. Variable involvement of some prostaglandins during two different
      stages of the sex cycle.
AB  - The influences of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and of prostaglandins (PGs) E1, E2
      or F2 alpha, on the spontaneous total tritium efflux from and on the metabolism
      of 3H-norepinephrine (3H-NE) in the walls of sow Graafian follicles isolated
      during two different stages of the sex cycle, were studied. The total 3H efflux
      from preparations obtained in proestrus (early preovulatory period) was higher
      than the output from diestrous tissues. This augmentation observed in proestrous
      samples, mainly attributable to a greater metabolism of 3H-NE, was expressed by
      an enhanced 3H-efflux corresponding to 3H-O-methylated (3H-OMDA) and 3H
      normetanephrine (3H-NMN) metabolites. With regard to 3H-labelled compounds
      retained in the tissue, the follicular walls in proestrus (as compared to those
      in diestrus), retained more 3H-NMN fraction and less 3H-NE; an augmented
      metabolism of 3H-NE is suggested for the proestrous follicles. In the presence of
      ASA (2.2 X 10(-4) M) the above mentioned profiles of early preovulatory
      follicles, disappeared and the addition in vitro of PGE1 or PGE2 (10(-8) M), but
      not of PGF2 alpha (10(-8) M to 10(-6) M) was able to reverse the influence of
      ASA. These findings suggest the involvement of estrogens in the metabolism of 3H
      NE by sow ovarian follicles and moreover, they also appear to indicate the
      requirement for some PGs, such as PGE1 and PGE2, generated by cells of the
      follicular wall.

PMID- 3862138
TI  - Hypotensive mechanism of acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) in dogs.
      Effects on hemodynamics and humoral factors.
AB  - One-O-hexadecyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) was
      intravenously administered to anesthetized dogs to study the effects on
      hemodynamics and several endocrine factors. The effect of AGEPC on local blood
      flow was also studied by direct intra-arterial injection. Following intravenous
      injection, blood pressure and cardiac output decreased significantly (p less than
      0.001). Changes in total peripheral resistance (TPR) and heart rate were
      biphasic. TPR increased significantly (p less than 0.01) after an initial slight
      reduction. Heart rate decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) with only a
      transient slight elevation. Femoral blood flow was increased (p less than 0.001)
      by intraarterial injection and decreased (p less than 0.05) by intravenous
      administration. Plasma norepinephrine (p less than 0.001), epinephrine (p less
      than 0.01), thromboxane B2 (p less than 0.001), 6-0-PGF1 alpha (p less than
      0.01), aldosterone (p less than 0.001) and cortisol (p less than 0.001) were
      elevated, but plasma renin activity did not change. These results suggest that
      the hypotensive mechanism of AGEPC is due to both cardiosuppression and
      vasodilation. AGEPC increased plasma catecholamines, thromboxane A2, PGI2,
      aldosterone and cortisol which, in turn, may modify hemodynamics.

PMID- 3862139
TI  - Platelet thromboxane production in liver cirrhosis.
AB  - To determine whether platelet prostaglandin production in patients with liver
      cirrhosis was as impaired as platelet aggregation, serum thromboxane production
      was studied in 52 patients with liver cirrhosis; 12 patients had consumed more
      than 80 gr of alcohol/day, for more than ten years; 13 patients had also had
      diabetes mellitus for more than two years. A reduced thromboxane synthesis by
      platelets of liver disease patients was observed; the parallel decrease of both
      platelet thromboxane and serum PGE2 formation may also suggest a decrease in
      arachidonic acid availability for prostaglandin and thromboxane production. A
      smaller reduction of thromboxane and PGE2 formation in cirrhotics with diabetes
      mellitus or chronic alcohol intake was also observed.

PMID- 3862140
TI  - 3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase activity in guinea pig and rat tissues.
AB  - Activities of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (EC 2.8.1.2) in guinea pig
      tissues were determined and compared with those in the corresponding rat tissues.
      The activities in guinea pig tissues were found to be very low. The activity in
      the liver was 145.9 mumol pyruvate formed per g of fresh tissue per 15 min. This
      was 1/50 of the activity in the rat liver. Activities in the kidney and brain
      were 1/100 of the corresponding rat tissues. Those in the erythrocyte and heart
      were negligibly low and far less than 1/1000 of these tissues in the rat.
      Similarities between the guinea pig and patients with beta-mercaptolactate
      cysteine disulfiduria are discussed.

PMID- 3862141
TI  - Serotonin-depleting midbrain lesions fail to mitigate hyperphagia and obesity in
      the Zucker fatty rat.
AB  - Previous research has shown that damage to the dorsal and median raphe nuclei of
      rats can impede the subsequent development of hypothalamic hyperphagia and
      obesity as well as impair the defense of established hypothalamic obesity in
      response to food deprivation. The present study sought to determine if raphe
      injury might alter the development of another form of obesity, namely that which
      occurs spontaneously in the Zucker fatty rat. Subjects were 20 obese females
      (fafa; mean weight of 200 g) and 20 lean littermate controls (FaFa females; mean
      weight of 150 g). Following 10 days of baseline intake and weight recordings,
      half of each group received radio-frequency heat lesions of the dorsal and median
      raphe nuclei while the other half received sham surgery. Except for a mild
      suppression of food intake and weight gain during the first few days after
      lesioning, raphe injury did not alter the hyperphagia or obesity shown by fatties
      over the 7 week ad lib feeding period studied. Additional 24-hr intake tests of
      varying sucrose and quinine solutions revealed reduced sucrose acceptance and
      enhanced quinine rejection by fatties much as has been seen in previous studies
      of hypothalamic obese rats. Terminal assays of forebrain monoamine levels
      confirmed that raphe lesions were effective in depleting serotonin (-71% compared
      to controls) without producing major changes in norepinephrine or dopamine (-14%
      and +2%, respectively). The inability of raphe lesions to mitigate this form of
      hyperphagia and obesity suggests that earlier observations of their attenuating
      effects on hypothalamic obesity were not due to non-specific impairments of
      behavioral or metabolic factors necessary to permit overeating and weight gain.

PMID- 3862142
TI  - Electrolytic current parameters in the dorsolateral tegmental obesity syndrome in
      rats.
AB  - Female rats received lesions in the dorsolateral tegmentum formed by the 20 sec
      passage of 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 mA anodal or 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, or 1.5 mA
      cathodal current. Although all lesion parameters induced roughly comparable body
      weight gains, the largest effect was seen with 1.25 mA cathodal current. Anodal
      lesions were much larger and induced transient periods of hyperactivity that
      confounded the effects of the lesions on body weight gain.

PMID- 3862143
TI  - Dihydropteridine reductase in schizophrenic patients.
AB  - The activity of the enzyme dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) has been recently
      found to be one of the factors controlling the rate of synthesis of dopamine,
      norepinephrine, and serotonin, thought to be involved in the etiology of
      schizophrenia. Several lines of evidence suggest that peripheral and brain DHPR
      enzymes may be identical. In addition, peripheral DHPR activity has been
      hypothesized to be important in determining the level of phenylethylamine, a
      putative psychotogen that is produced peripherally and crosses the blood-brain
      barrier. Since DHPR activity has never been investigated in schizophrenic
      patients, we measured the whole blood activity in 20 schizophrenic patients and
      20 matched controls. There was no difference between the groups in DHPR activity.

PMID- 3862144
TI  - Genetic analysis of plasma amine oxidase activity in schizophrenia.
AB  - Plasma amine oxidase (PAO) activity has been implicated in the biology of
      schizophrenia. PAO activity is, in part, under genetic control, but its mode of
      inheritance has not been determined. To assess the genetic pattern of PAO
      activity and its relation to the transmission of schizophrenia, we studied 73
      chronic schizophrenic probands and 217 first-degree relatives (siblings and
      parents). Single-major-locus hypotheses were tested by pedigree analysis methods
      for quantitative traits. The distribution of PAO activity indicated significant
      admixture. When the transmission probability model was used, the familial pattern
      of PAO activity was consistent with mendelian transmission; the environmental
      hypothesis was rejected. PAO activity was lower in schizophrenic patients than in
      unaffected relatives, but the mean reduction in enzyme activity was small (10.7%)
      and the two groups of subjects overlapped greatly in their PAO values. The
      difference between ill and well relatives was not statistically significant.
      However, schizophrenia spectrum disorders segregated with low PAO activity in
      families of low-activity probands, and a greater proportion of ill than well
      subjects clustered in the low PAO activity mode. The results are interpreted as
      follows: (1) The transmission of PAO activity may be determined in part by a
      single major autosomal gene. (2) Low PAO activity does not qualify as a major
      risk factor in the schizophrenic population at large; however, a relationship may
      exist between low PAO activity and the transmission of schizophrenia in families
      of patients with extremely low enzyme activity.

PMID- 3862145
TI  - Pentametric distribution of platelet monoamine oxidase activity.
AB  - The distribution of catalytic activity of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) with
      both tryptamine and phenylethylamine as substrates was examined in 1,129 Swedish
      men at age 18 years. A mixture of five components was needed to describe the
      distribution, even when the original scale was transformed to remove skewness.
      The proportions of admixture were 2% for the extremely low component with a mean
      of -2.3 sigma, 29% for moderately low MAO (mean -0.8 sigma), 51% for intermediate
      MAO (mean 0.0 sigma), 15% for moderately high MAO (mean + 1.3 sigma), and 3% for
      extremely high MAO (mean + 3.0 sigma). Thus, the upper and lower deciles each
      contain contributions from two extreme components that differ from a much larger
      intermediate component with activity near the mean of the general population.
      This is compatible with a minimum of three alleles at a single major locus or
      with at least two polymorphic loci. The hypothesis that MAO activity is
      controlled by two alleles at a single locus was tested and rejected. The
      demonstration of at least five distinct components to the distribution of MAO
      warrants further research to characterize the biochemical structure and function
      of MAO enzyme variants as well as study of the behavioral correlates of the
      components.

PMID- 3862146
TI  - The dexamethasone suppression and metyrapone tests in depression.
AB  - The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and the metyrapone test (MT), a useful
      and reliable procedure for assessing the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary
      adrenal (HPA) axis, were performed in 28 patients suffering from major depressive
      illness with melancholia. The relationship between the DST and MT appeared to be
      complex. Patients who failed to suppress cortisol secretion after dexamethasone
      administration had higher postmetyrapone cortexolone levels and
      cortexolone/cortisol ratios than suppressors. However, there was a wide range of
      metyrapone responses in patients exhibiting abnormal DST results. This suggests
      that failure of adequate suppression after 1 mg of dexamethasone in depressed
      patients does not necessarily reflect homogeneity in the HPA axis disturbances of
      such patients.

PMID- 3862147
TI  - Endogenous opioid system in catatonia.

PMID- 3862148
TI  - Tourette syndrome and the opioid system.

PMID- 3862149
TI  - Occurrence of high concentrations of postdexamethasone cortisol in elderly
      psychiatric inpatients.
AB  - The authors retrospectively studied 161 psychiatric inpatients who had received a
      dexamethasone suppression test (DST). The majority of the patients were over 60
      years old, female, and had concurrent chronic medical illnesses. Age was
      significantly correlated with log-transformed postdexamethasone cortisol
      concentrations in the 118 nondemented patients with major depression. Four p.m.
      cortisol concentrations greater than 15 micrograms/dl occurred in 15 patients.
      All were over 60 years old; all but one had major depressive disorder (MDD); and
      five had dementia plus MDD. In the same population, a 5 micrograms/dl criterion
      did not distinguish MDD from non-MDD patients. The results support the existence
      of a clinically relevant age effect on the DST in patients with MDD. Elderly
      depressed patients with markedly elevated cortisol concentrations occur
      frequently, and warrant further clinical and pathophysiological study.

PMID- 3862150
TI  - Cortisol escape from morphine suppression.
AB  - Twenty-one unmedicated, sequentially admitted psychiatric patients of either sex
      and four male healthy volunteers were given an intravenous injection of 2.5 mg
      morphine. Blood samples were drawn immediately before and at 30-minute intervals
      for 3 hours after the injection and assayed for cortisol. Morphine suppressed
      cortisol secretion. Early resumption of cortisol secretion (escape) was more
      frequent in patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder and with
      abnormal dexamethasone suppression test results. The sensitivity of this infusion
      paradigm for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder was 40%, and the
      specificity was 82%. The implications of these findings for the pathophysiology
      of depression are discussed.

PMID- 3862151
TI  - Amphetamine response in borderline patients.
AB  - The behavioral and biological responses to d-amphetamine have been studied
      extensively in patients with schizophrenia and depression, and to a lesser degree
      in bipolar affective disorders. Because of theories linking borderline
      personality disorder to those illnesses, amphetamine, 30 mg, p.o., was
      administered to eight borderline patients in a double-blind, placebo-controlled
      study and the results were compared to the responses of normal subjects under
      identical conditions. Amphetamine led to symptoms of psychosis in four out of
      eight (50%) borderline patients. No normal subject became psychotic during the
      procedure. Global ratings of well-being were significantly elevated in the
      borderline group compared to the normal group. In addition the global response
      was highly inversely correlated with the patient's score on the Diagnostic
      Interview for Borderlines. Borderline patients had a nonsignificantly decreased
      growth hormone response following amphetamine compared to normals. Thus,
      borderline patients appear to be pharmacodynamically separable from normals.

PMID- 3862152
TI  - Testing the REM sleep phasic event intrusion hypothesis of schizophrenia.
AB  - Middle ear muscle activity (MEMA) and periorbital integrated potentials (PIPs)
      were recorded during rapid eye movement (REM) periods and during the 10 minutes
      preceding and following REM periods in normals, schizophrenic patients, and
      patients with schizoaffective and major depressive disorder. Contrary to the
      phasic event intrusion hypothesis, we observed no leakage or redistribution of
      MEMA or PIPs from REM into the surrounding stages of non-REM in the schizophrenic
      patients. Within REM, MEMA rate distinguished patients with schizophrenia from
      patients with schizoaffective disorder. Schizophrenic patients had higher than
      normal MEMA rates, whereas the schizoaffective patients had lower than normal
      MEMA rates.

PMID- 3862153
TI  - P300 in major depressive disorder.
AB  - This study presents evidence of differences in the P3 (P300) component of the
      event-related potential (ERP) between major depressed patients and normal
      controls. ERPs were collected to visual stimuli in a modified continuous
      performance task. For each subject, the peak of the P3 (also N2 and P2) component
      was identified for four different electrode sites and three trial types (target,
      background, and unexpected). P3 amplitude was significantly smaller in the
      depressed group to target, but not to background stimuli. P3 latency differences
      were for the most part nonsignificant. Recent evidence suggests that P3 amplitude
      may not only reflect higher level cognitive functions, but also some degree of
      emotional involvement for the subject. It is suggested that a decrease in task
      involvement could account for the smaller P3 in depressives.

PMID- 3862154
TI  - Differential effect of subtype of parental major affective disorder on children.
AB  - Fifty offspring of patients with major affective disorder (MAD) were studied. The
      children and their parents were interviewed using a structured diagnostic
      instrument. The results supported previous studies that the children of patients
      with MAD endorse a variety of symptoms of psychopathology. In addition, when the
      sample was separated by subtype of parental MAD, few differences in the types of
      symptoms were reported, and the differences that were found may be spurious. The
      differences, as well as indications for future research, are discussed.

PMID- 3862155
TI  - A hostility measure for use in family contexts.
AB  - A modification of the Gottschalk-Gleser standardized instructions for eliciting
      speech samples was developed and tested in ongoing family studies. This
      modification, the Wynne-Gift technique, allows the interviewer to focus on the
      speaker's relationships with various family members. The usefulness and validity
      of the approach was assessed in a study of differences in attitudes toward the
      husband of 10 separated or divorced women as compared to the attitudes of 11
      married women. Significant differences were found in the expected direction
      between mean hostility outward scores as well as hostility toward the spouse or
      ex-spouse of these two groups of women. The range of applications of this
      modification of eliciting speech samples is discussed.

PMID- 3862156
TI  - Anxiety and caffeine consumption in people with anxiety disorders.
AB  - Forty-three anxiety disorder patients (DSM-III) who completed the Hopkins Symptom
      Checklist (SCL-90-R) and a caffeine questionnaire were compared to 124 medical
      inpatients. Eighty-four percent of the anxious patients were low caffeine
      consumers (0-249 mg/day) compared to 41% of medical inpatients; 65% of anxiety
      patients consumed less than 100 mg/day. In anxiety patients, there were no
      significant correlations between subscale scores of the SCL-90-R and amount of
      caffeine consumption. Patients who consumed less than 100 mg/day did not differ
      on anxiety subscale scores of the SCL-90-R from those who consumed more. However,
      patients who reported becoming anxious in response to drinking coffee had higher
      SCL-90-R anxiety subscale scores than patients who did not, even though their
      daily consumption was not different. It appears that anxiety disorder patients
      have increased caffeine sensitivity which leads to decreased consumption.

PMID- 3862157
TI  - Depressive symptoms, major depression, and generalized anxiety: a comparison of
      self-reports on CES-D and results from diagnostic interviews.
AB  - This study evaluates the validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies
      Depression Scale (CES-D) by comparing it to DSM-III diagnoses of major depression
      and generalized anxiety, using the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic
      Interview Schedule (DIS). Data were gathered on a sample of 310 mothers of
      children with chronic disabilities. The utility of the CES-D for detecting major
      depression was approximately equal to its utility for detecting generalized
      anxiety. Multivariate analysis revealed that the unique association of CES-D with
      current depression was equal to its association with current generalized anxiety
      and that the two disorders had additive effects on CES-D. The analysis did not
      identify any individual CES-D symptom as specific to either disorder. The
      findings, therefore, do not support the notion that the CES-D measures depression
      specifically.

PMID- 3862158
TI  - Social skills training for patients with schizophrenia: a controlled clinical
      trial.
AB  - Twenty-eight schizophrenic male patients, diagnosed by the Present State
      Examination and Catego criteria, and from families high on "expressed emotion,"
      were randomly assigned to either intensive social skills training or holistic
      health therapy. A multidimensional evaluation was conducted before and after 9
      weeks of inpatient treatment and for 24 months in the community. Patients exposed
      to social skills training evidenced significantly greater acquisition,
      generalization, and durability of social skills; their social adjustment in the
      community was rated as better by significant others; and they experienced fewer
      relapses and rehospitalizations.

PMID- 3862159
TI  - Advanced periodontitis treated non-surgically: an 8-year follow-up.

PMID- 3862161
TI  - A classification and scheme of therapy for occlusal breakdown.

PMID- 3862160
TI  - A method for altering the periodontal pocket environment from anaerobic to
      aerobic.

PMID- 3862162
TI  - Glass-cermet cements.

PMID- 3862163
TI  - Visible light-activated posterior composite resins--a comparison of surface
      hardness and uniformity of cure.

PMID- 3862164
TI  - The prevalence of osseous defects on the distal aspect of the mandibular second
      molar in the absence of the third molar in a dental student population.

PMID- 3862165
TI  - Alternative methods for use of the rubber dam.

PMID- 3862166
TI  - Recall radiopaque response determined from radiographic examination of 211
      consecutive cases with initial periapical pathosis.

PMID- 3862167
TI  - Mirror-image twins with geminated incisors. Report of a case.

PMID- 3862168
TI  - The use of microcomputers in mouth charting and case presentation.

PMID- 3862169
TI  - [Demonstrations for oral prevention].

PMID- 3862170
TI  - [Tray system--an aid in systematic organization and practice hygiene].

PMID- 3862171
TI  - [Assistants' hands: diseases, hygiene, care].

PMID- 3862172
TI  - [Origin and properties of various rays (III)].

PMID- 3862173
TI  - [AIDS--how dangerous is this new disease?].

PMID- 3862174
TI  - [Gnathologic model].

PMID- 3862175
TI  - [Attachment-divided bridge in the posterior region with various morphologic
      designs of the pontics].

PMID- 3862177
TI  - [Trimming of orthodontic planning models].

PMID- 3862176
TI  - [Insulation in the production of orthodontic appliances].

PMID- 3862178
TI  - Influence of sex hormones on prostaglandin dehydrogenase activity in the rat
      uterus.
AB  - The present experiments report the effects of estradiol or of progesterone on the
      activity of 15-prostaglandin-dehydrogenase (PGDH) in the uterus of spayed rats.
      When the substrate was PGF2 alpha the treatment with progesterone (4 mg X day-1,
      two days) or with estradiol-17-beta (0.5 ug + 1 ug) did not show any effect on
      the activity of the enzyme. On the contrary, uteri from ovariectomized rats
      injected with a higher dose of estradiol-17-beta (0.5 ug + 50 ug) exhibited a
      significant increment. When the substrate was PGE2, progesterone failed again to
      modify the enzyme activity, whereas estradiol, both at a low and at a high doses,
      enhanced significantly the uterine PGDH activity. The possibility of two
      different PGDHs for each PG and the role of estradiol in enhancing PGE2
      catabolism into 15-keto-PGE2 as a mechanism subserving the effect of estrogens on
      the output of this PG in the rat uterus, are discussed.

PMID- 3862179
TI  - Role of renal prostaglandins in the fall in urine osmolality after papillary
      micropuncture.
AB  - The effect of micropuncture of the renal papilla through an intact ureter on
      urinary concentrating ability of rats was examined. Micropuncture of the renal
      papilla caused a fall in urine osmolality in the punctured kidney from 1718 +/-
      106 to 1035 +/- 79 mosmol/kg X H2O. In order to investigate the role of renal
      prostaglandins in this process, PGE2 excretion was measured and found to increase
      from 63.4 +/- 14.0 to 205.5 +/- 57.1 pg/min. Urine osmolality and PGE2 excretion
      from the contralateral kidney were not significantly altered. In animals given
      meclofenamate (2 mg/kg X hr), renal PGE2 excretion was reduced to 22.3 +/- 5.1
      pg/min prior to micropuncture and it remained low at 8.9 +/- 1.8 pg/min after
      papillary micropuncture. Meclofenamate also blocked the fall in urine osmolality
      caused by micropuncture of the renal papilla, with urine osmolality averaging
      1940 +/- 122 before and 1782 +/- 96 mosmol/kg X H2O after the micropuncture.
      These results indicated that papillary micropuncture through an intact ureter
      increased renal PGE2 excretion and that a rise in renal production of PGE2 or
      some other prostanoid is associated with a fall in urine concentrating ability.

PMID- 3862180
TI  - The effect of variations in the polymer/monomer mixing ratios on residual monomer
      levels and flexural properties of denture base materials.

PMID- 3862181
TI  - Repairing an acrylic resin hollow bulb obturator.

PMID- 3862182
TI  - Flexible benefit packages for the dental laboratory.

PMID- 3862183
TI  - Human gene therapy: scientific and ethical considerations.
AB  - The term "gene therapy" encompasses at least four types of application of genetic
      engineering for the insertion of genes into humans. The scientific requirements
      and the ethical issues associated with each type are discussed. Somatic cell gene
      therapy is technically the simplest and ethically the least controversial. The
      first clinical trials will probably be undertaken within the next year. Germ line
      gene therapy will require major advances in our present knowledge and it raises
      ethical issues that are now being debated. In order to provide guidelines for
      determining when germ line gene therapy would be ethical, the author presents
      three criteria which should be satisfied prior to the time that a clinical
      protocol is attempted in humans. Enhancement genetic engineering presents
      significant, and troubling, ethical concerns. Except where this type of therapy
      can be justified on the grounds of preventive medicine, enhancement engineering
      should not be performed. The fourth type, eugenic genetic engineering, is
      impossible at present and will probably remain so for the foreseeable future,
      despite the widespread media attention it has received. There are four potential
      levels of the application of genetic engineering for the insertion of gene into a
      human being. Somatic cell therapy: this would result in correcting a genetic
      defect in the somatic (i.e.,body) cells of a patient. Germ line gene therapy:
      this would require the insertion of the gene into the reproductive tissue of the
      patient in such a way that the disorder in his or her offspring would also be
      corrected. Enhancement genetic engineering: this would involve the insertion of a
      gene to try to "enhance" a known characteristic; for example, the placing of an
      additional growth hormone gene into a normal child. Eugenic genetic engineering:
      this is defined as the attempt to alter or "improve" complex human traits each of
      which is coded by a large number of genes; for example, personality,
      intelligence, character, formation of body organs, and so on.

PMID- 3862184
TI  - Location of topics in NIH Guidelines for Research involving recombinant DNA
      molecules.

PMID- 3862185
TI  - [Diagrams and technics for opening the lower molars].

PMID- 3862186
TI  - [Oral aphthae: prevalence, history and socio-economic status in selected
      populations in Argentina].

PMID- 3862187
TI  - [Learning, retention and teaching strategies].

PMID- 3862188
TI  - [The School of Dentistry of the University of La Plata, from the beginning until
      today].

PMID- 3862189
TI  - [Surfaces of the margin edges of cavities using scanning electron microscopy].

PMID- 3862190
TI  - [Splinting with inlays. Presentation of a case].

PMID- 3862191
TI  - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia L3 in Hodgkin's disease in remission: primary or
      secondary leukosis?].

PMID- 3862192
TI  - Clinical experience with preoperative chemotherapy for osteosarcoma.
AB  - Since 1978 preoperative chemotherapy has been administered to 15 consecutive
      patients with osteosarcomas in Zurich. Preoperative chemotherapy was acceptably
      well tolerated and did not impair surgical procedures. Our retrospective analysis
      confirmed that the extent of necrosis after preoperative chemotherapy is of
      biological importance for the further course of the disease. Patients with
      extensive necrosis had better relapse-free survival and longer overall survival
      than those with little necrosis.

PMID- 3862193
TI  - Effect of intensive adjuvant chemotherapy on wound healing in 69 patients with
      osteogenic sarcomas of the lower extremities.
AB  - Reported surgical adjuvant trials in humans have resulted in little clinically
      significant impairment of wound healing. Such trials are often carried out with
      subtherapeutic doses or with the drugs administered relatively late in the wound
      healing process. It is the objective of our study to investigate the effect of
      intensive pre- and postoperative chemotherapy (BCD, ADR, HD-MTX) on wound healing
      in patients with osteogenic sarcomas. Wound healing was defined in our study as
      lack of infection. In a series of 110 patients with osteogenic sarcomas we
      analyzed the data of 69 patients with lower extremity lesions: of these, 54
      patients had distal femur lesions and 15 had upper tibia and fibula lesions. All
      the patients underwent en-bloc resections and insertion of a prosthetic device.
      Pre- and postoperative antibiotics were given routinely. In 80% of our patients
      (55/69) an uneventful postoperative course was recorded with respect to wound
      healing. None of these required a secondary operative procedure. Debridement of
      the wound or debridement of the wound followed by skin grafting had to be
      performed in 14% (10/69) of the patients. Most of the amputations were performed
      early in this series of cases. After secondary surgery wound healing was
      uneventful in most of the patients. No patient died as a consequence of wound
      infection. Mixed bacterial infections were found in 13/14 patients. No single
      specific bacterium could be identified. One patient developed a fungal infection
      (aspergillosis). Eight infections were secondary to skin necrosis. In this series
      we later found the serious effects of the skin necrosis and slough could be
      reduced by early intervention with a muscle pedicle flap.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3862194
TI  - The in vivo effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha and prostaglandin E2 on rat urinary
      excretion of vanillylmandelic acid.
AB  - The effects of prostaglandin(PG) F2 alpha and E2 on rat urinary level of
      vanillylmandelic acid(VMA) were studied, and only PGF2 alpha was found to
      decrease VMA excretion. This may be resulted from the inhibition of catecholamine
      metabolism.

PMID- 3862195
TI  - A possible role of antihypertensive polar renomedullary lipid (APRL) and
      prostaglandin E2 in the kidney in the antihypertensive action of pindolol.
AB  - The influence of the pretreatment with CV-3988, a specific antagonist of
      antihypertensive polar renomedullary lipid (APRL), and/or indomethacin on the
      antihypertensive effect of pindolol was examined in order to clarify a possible
      role of APRL and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the kidney in the effect of pindolol
      in male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). CV-3988 effectively attenuated the
      antihypertensive effect of pindolol, although pindolol still significantly
      lowered blood pressure following CV-3988 treatment. Besides, the pretreatment
      with CV-3988 showed no significant effect on an increased PGE2 level and a
      decreased volume of urine after pindolol treatment. The antihypertensive effect
      of pindolol disappeared after the CV-3988 treatment in combination with
      indomethacin.

PMID- 3862196
TI  - Immunisation of cattle with a recombinant togavirus-vaccinia virus strain.
AB  - Genetic engineering techniques have been used to construct a vaccinia virus
      recombinant which contains and expresses togavirus (Sindbis) genetic information.
      Intradermal inoculation of this recombinant strain into calves caused a transient
      pock-type lesion at the site of inoculation and elicited the production of
      substantial levels of anti-Sindbis virus neutralising antibodies. These results
      suggest that recombinant vaccinia virus vaccines may have potential for use in
      veterinary medicine.

PMID- 3862198
TI  - [Morphological study of calculus deposits on full and partial dentures. I.
      Structure, distribution and composition].

PMID- 3862199
TI  - [Effect of addition of micro-capsules to the disintegration of phosphate-bonded
      investment].

PMID- 3862197
TI  - Effect of PGF2 alpha administration on the release of endogenous PGF2 alpha and
      oxytocin in indomethacin-treated goats.
AB  - Repeated intramuscular injection of 1 mg prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha)
      during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle of the goat hastened luteolysis and
      resulted in rapid increases in jugular concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto
      PGF2 alpha (PGFM), the primary metabolite of PGF2 alpha, and of oxytocin; similar
      injections of PGF2 alpha in indomethacin-treated goats had a reduced effect on
      PGFM and oxytocin concentrations, and failed to induce luteolysis. The same
      injections of PGF2 alpha were without effect on PGFM and oxytocin concentrations
      in ovariectomised goats. The results suggest that exogenous PGF2 alpha, or
      endogenous PGF2 alpha released at luteolysis, may induce the release of ovarian
      oxytocin in the goat.

PMID- 3862200
TI  - [High resolution scanning electron microscopy of surface layer of the mature
      bone].

PMID- 3862201
TI  - Localization of sudanophilia at the site of calcification in the proximal tibial
      articular cartilage of rat given strontium carbonate.

PMID- 3862202
TI  - [Porosities of restorative composites--porosities of composites mixed in air or
      under a vacuum].

PMID- 3862203
TI  - [Antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide on Streptococcus sanguis as the root
      canal medicament].

PMID- 3862204
TI  - [Experience with surgical correction of masseteric hypertrophy].

PMID- 3862205
TI  - [Class 2 composite restorations. In vitro prevention of contraction gaps].

PMID- 3862206
TI  - [Betadine gargle for cancers of the mouth: study of its effect on thyroid
      function].

PMID- 3862207
TI  - [Dentistry in pregnancy and in puerperium].

PMID- 3862208
TI  - [Sinus aspergillosis].

PMID- 3862209
TI  - [Use of corticosteroids and sulfathiazole in endodontics].

PMID- 3862210
TI  - [Importance of plaque pH in calculus formation].

PMID- 3862213
TI  - [Benign cementoblastoma. Report of a clinical case].

PMID- 3862211
TI  - [Alveolar exostosis in skulls: incidence and distribution].

PMID- 3862212
TI  - [Structural and morphological pathology in primary teeth in lower economic level
      students].

PMID- 3862214
TI  - [Pulpectomy in deciduous teeth].

PMID- 3862215
TI  - [Etiology of caries: Streptococcus mutans, saliva buffering capacity and type of
      diet].

PMID- 3862216
TI  - The verdict is not yet in on HMOs (health maintenance organizations).

PMID- 3862217
TI  - Simplified marketing of your dental laboratory: establishing value, defining
      strategies, creating advertising promotions, using sales techniques.

PMID- 3862218
TI  - Opportunities in non-traditional education.

PMID- 3862219
TI  - Contemporary issues in public health.

PMID- 3862220
TI  - [My approach to malpractice problems in dentistry (2)].

PMID- 3862221
TI  - [Open bite in children. Contribution to its study].
AB  - A statistic and processing study of 40 cases of open bite deformities in infants
      is proposed from exact clinical examinations, and various teleradiographic
      analysis (Coutand, Delaire, Tweed, Sassouni). The statistic study set off the
      anatomical complexity of open bite deformities. The processing study, recording
      the concordance among various teleradiographic techniques, clear 4 associated
      dysmorphic groups susceptible to allow adjusted treatment planning.

PMID- 3862222
TI  - [Management of neuromuscular training and psychotherapy].
AB  - In 9 out of 10 cases it is a very simple matter to persuade children age 7 to 9
      years to stop sucking their thumbs by means of very elementary and brief
      supportive psychotherapy. In the majority of cases it is possible, three months
      after interruption of the habit and after studying the morphologic improvement,
      to decide whether treatment should be completed by education of deglutition and
      of phonetic articulation, possible after previous mechanical treatment if this is
      justified by the residual vestibulolingual bite disorder.

PMID- 3862223
TI  - [Oral discoid lupus erythematosus. Diagnostic considerations apropos of a case].
AB  - The study and presentation of a typical case of discoid lupus erythematosus with
      oral lesions in a 30-years old woman, without visceral manifestations at present,
      was the motive for a revision and updating of the concepts of etiology,
      differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this disease. The authors
      emphasize the importance of the clinical and evolving aspect of the lesions, long
      term development, as well as the response to treatment (an antimalarial
      synthesis, applied systematically and infiltrates with betamethasone solution) in
      order to reach valid diagnostic conclusions. It is important in the
      anatomopathological study to include the atrophic zones of the central portion of
      the discoid lesion.

PMID- 3862224
TI  - [An unusual form of isolated fracture of the orbital floor: "valve fracture".
      Therapeutic problems].
AB  - Among isolated fractures of the orbital floor, the authors are pointing out an
      unusual clinical type characterized by the irreducibility of the orbital contents
      ruptured in the maxillary sinus by using classical procedures. This primary
      failure is due to a bone fragment dropped in the sinus and being attracted by the
      herniated collar when trying to integrate the hernia in the orbit. To name this
      type of lesion, the word "valve fracture" is proposed because of the analogy of
      the one way function of a valve and its different mechanism from the classical
      trapdoor fracture. The different concepts of the pathogenesis of isolated
      fractures of the orbital floor and the physiopathology of the frequently
      associated ocular disturbances are briefly exposed. The authors report the case
      which confronted them to the valve fracture. Following a direct trauma to the
      right orbital area a 13-year-old child presented a limitation of the upwards
      movements of the right eye with diplopia and a positive forced duction test. The
      surgical exploration shows an orbital hernia in the sinus which is impossible to
      reposition either with a higher incision (under the orbital rim) or with a lever
      incision, upper vestibular incision (through maxillary sinus). Only the
      infraorbital marginotomy described by P. Tessier exposes completely the lesions
      and allows understanding of the mechanism of this primary irreducibility related
      to the valve movement of the fractured bone fragment. Above all, marginotomy
      allows an atraumatic set. If is performed combining gentle handles of pulling and
      forcing back on the ruptured pieces while keeping opened the valve.

PMID- 3862225
TI  - [Myrhaug's operation. Apropos of 8 cases].
AB  - Myrhaug's operation was performed in 5 patients with recurrent dislocations,
      including two after failure of buttress operations, and 3 cases of
      temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction syndrome. The particular conditions
      for choice of patient for this operation are emphasized, these excluding all
      cases followed up after occlusal reconstruction and requiring rapid and effective
      solutions apparently supplied by this surgical procedure.

PMID- 3862226
TI  - [Treatment of inveterate unilateral dislocations of the mandible by open
      repositioning of the condyle and meniscectomy].
AB  - A new method for treating inveterate forms of mandibular luxation is described,
      after a brief review of conventional therapeutic procedures. The route of
      approach chosen provides wide exposure of the temporo-mandibular joint, the
      endoarticular approach ensuring protection of pericondylar venous plexuses and of
      the internal mammary artery by allowing section of the external pterygoid tendon
      and the performance of a juxta-cervical capsulotomy. Excellent results were
      obtained in two patients with unilateral inveterate dislocation of the mandible
      operated upon using this procedure.

PMID- 3862227
TI  - [Congenital idiopathic gingival hyperplasia observed in a 6-year-old child].
AB  - Congenital diffuse gingival hyperplasia is a rare entity. A case is presented for
      the first time in Senegal, the etiology of the affection being undetermined. The
      various pathogenic hypotheses for this lesion include: diffuse gingival fibroma,
      congenital, hereditary or idiopathic gingival fibromatosis, familial gingival
      elephantiasis and idiopathic or hereditary gingival hyperplasia.

PMID- 3862228
TI  - Location and ultrastructure of the first cementum formed in rabbit incisors.
AB  - The morphology of the continuously erupting rabbit incisor differs
      characteristically from that of the rodent incisor and is incompletely known. In
      this study, permanent incisors from fetal New Zealand white rabbits aged 26-30
      days in utero were processed for transmission electron microscopy. Examination of
      longitudinal and cross-sections revealed that disintegration of the epithelial
      sheath on root analog surfaces was followed by cementogenesis. The first layer of
      cementum matrix was seen on the mesial aspect and consisted of a finely granular
      ground substance and a few embedded collagen fibrils which extended to the
      cementodentinal junction. Within the period 27-30 days in utero, acellular
      cementum was formed on all root-analog surfaces and, in addition, formed a fine
      coating over the enamel. Although the initially formed cementum layer contained
      fewer collagen fibrils than subsequent layers, a layer of so-called intermediate
      cementum was not observed.

PMID- 3862229
TI  - Caries, periodontal status and some salivary factors in lactovegetarians.
AB  - Twenty-eight lactovegetarians as well as age- and sex-matched controls were
      interviewed about their dietary habits, especially the frequency of ingesting
      acid fruits, drinks and foods, as well as their dental health habits. Samples of
      stimulated saliva were collected in connection with the clinical and radiologic
      study. Plaque, Gingival and Calculus Indices were not significantly different in
      lactovegetarians and controls. Of the lactovegetarians 76.9% and of the controls
      none had dental erosions on some tooth surfaces. In lactovegetarians the rate of
      flow of stimulated saliva was lower than in controls but did not decrease with
      advancing age as it did in controls. Salivary pH was lower in lactovegetarians
      than in controls.

PMID- 3862230
TI  - Effect of repeated intake of a sugar free fluoride-containing chewing gum on
      acidogenicity and microbial composition of dental plaque.
AB  - In a double blind cross-over study, 20 subjects were given either a sugar free
      chewing gum containing 0.25 mg fluoride or the same chewing gum without fluoride,
      eight times a day for 7 days. The pH of 3-day-old plaque was determined before
      and after each experimental period following a 30-s mouth-rinse with 10 ml 15%
      sucrose. The pH-decrease was significantly less pronounced after using the
      fluoride gum than after the placebo gum (P less than 0.001). In a second study,
      20 subjects participated in a similar study. In this experiment the acid
      production activity from sucrose in dental plaque in vitro was determined with
      the aid of a titration method. In addition, the dental plaque wet weight and the
      total number of cultivable organisms, Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli,
      expressed as the number of colonies per mg plaque, were determined. No
      significant effect was found on any of these parameters after using the fluoride
      gum compared to the placebo gum. Thus, the results indicate that slightly
      elevated levels of fluoride in saliva during daytime, achieved by repeated intake
      of fluoride gums for 7 days, are sufficient to influence the acidogenicity of
      dental plaque in vivo.

PMID- 3862231
TI  - Fluorine levels in in vitro remineralized enamel after treatment with 1000 ppm F
      as NaF, MFP or mixed solutions.
AB  - By means of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) an investigation has been made
      of the F uptake and the transport of fluorine-carrying ions in artificially
      carious human enamel after in vitro remineralization. The fluoridation was
      effected from solutions of pure Na2FPO3 (MFP), pure NaF, or mixtures of MFP and
      NaF, always with a total F content of 1000 atom-ppm. The recorded in depth
      profiles of F concentration show that, after 14 days of remineralization, 1)
      neither the acquired F levels nor the F distributions are greatly dependent on
      whether fluoridation is from NaF, MFP or mixtures, 2) the F distribution shape is
      not strongly influenced by a 3-month storage followed by remineralization, 3) the
      penetration of F beyond the lesion is generally deeper from NaF than from MFP,
      and 4) the effect of long storage on penetration depth is mainly noticeable for
      MFP-treated specimens.

PMID- 3862232
TI  - Salivary interactions with homologous and heterologous strains of oral
      streptococci and epithelial cells.
AB  - Twenty strains of oral streptococci resembling the species of Streptococcus
      mitior and Streptococcus salivarius were isolated from four subjects and were
      incubated with homologous and heterologous whole clarified saliva. Supernatants
      of bacterially absorbed and control saliva were analyzed in tandem crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis (TCIE) against a rabbit anti-human saliva antiserum. Six to
      eight antigens were detected. After incubation with the bacteria, the saliva
      supernatants showed a decrease in the number of antigens detectable by TCIE. For
      all four salivas tested, the homologous group of strains absorbed fewer antigens.
      Some of the antigens could be eluted from bacterial pellets with 1 M NaCl after
      repeated washings in PBS. Epithelial cells also absorbed fewer antigens from
      homologous than heterologous saliva.

PMID- 3862233
TI  - Salivary Streptococcus mutans count and gingivitis in children after rinsing with
      a chlorhexidine-fluoride solution with and without strontium.
AB  - Thirty schoolchildren, 9-12 yr old with high DMF score, rinsed their mouths twice
      a day for 3 days with a chlorhexidine-fluoride (CXF) solution or a chlorhexidine
      fluoride-strontium (CXFSr) solution. Streptococcus mutans counts (CFU) were made
      from saliva incubated on MSB agar and the gingival bleeding was recorded both
      before and after the rinsing period. S. mutans count decreased significantly
      immediately after the rinsing with each of the solutions (from 650 X 10(3) to 170
      X 10(3) CFU/ml by CXF and from 500 to 170 X 10(3) CFU/ml by CXFSr). Within about
      18 days after the rinsing with each solution the salivary S. mutans counts
      returned to the original level. Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) was significantly
      reduced by half through the CXF rinsing while the slight reduction by CXFSr was
      nonsignificant. Both of these changes were temporary. The results suggest that
      short rinsing periods with the CXF solution may be more advisable than daily
      rinses as a contribution to the maintenance of oral health in subjects or groups
      in need of such a prophylaxis. The weaker effect found with the CXFSr solution
      suggests that the cariostatic effect recently found in rats with the same
      solution may be due to other mechanisms than reduction of the oral S. mutans
      count.

PMID- 3862234
TI  - Dimensional and phase changes of dental amalgams.
AB  - The relationship of long-term expansion to phase changes of dental amalgams was
      examined. Using multiple regression analysis, a predictive equation was found
      which showed that the linear dimensional change was dependent on the alterations
      in the content of gamma 2 and beta 1.

PMID- 3862235
TI  - Electrochemical potentials of amalgam restorations in vivo.
AB  - The potentials of 407 amalgam restorations have been determined in vivo. The
      measurements were performed with very high impedance equipment, and relative to a
      Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The readings varied from -23 mV to -595 mV, with 90%
      of the readings confined to within -127 mV to -431 mV and a mean value of -226.1
      mV. Of the restorations, 394 were measured twice, and no significant difference
      could be found between the first and the second reading. During the study, eight
      new restorations were inserted. Their potentials varied from -180 mV to -565 mV,
      with a mean of -339.4 mV, which was significantly lower than that of the older
      restorations.

PMID- 3862236
TI  - A clinic for myelodysplasia/congenital hydrocephalus.

PMID- 3862237
TI  - Evaluation of the Kidner procedure for prehallux.

PMID- 3862238
TI  - The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among farmers and ranchers in southeastern
      South Dakota.

PMID- 3862239
TI  - [Histo-pathological studies of periodontal tissue reactions to perforations in
      the furcations of dog teeth treated with various materials and agents].

PMID- 3862240
TI  - [Morphological studies of Japanese mandibular third molars].

PMID- 3862241
TI  - [Longitudinal study of the interdental spaces in the deciduous dentition. II. The
      mandibular arch].

PMID- 3862242
TI  - Characterization of diphtheria-toxin-resistant mutants lacking receptor function
      or containing nonribosylatable elongation factor 2.
AB  - Stable mutants resistant to diphtheria toxin (DT) were isolated from Chinese
      hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) by single-step mutations with various mutagens. All
      the mutants were classified into two major groups as reported by other workers (4
      6): toxin-entry mutants (DTrI) and translational mutants (DTRII) at the level of
      elongation factor 2 (EF-2). These mutants were further characterized by directly
      measuring the specific uptake of [125I]DT and the content of nonribosylatable EF
      2 by two-dimensional gel analysis. DTrI mutants, which showed no cross-resistance
      to Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PA), had no ability to associate with [125I]DT and
      contained only ADP-ribosylatable EF-2, like wild-type cells. DTRIIb mutants
      maintained about 50% of the normal level of cellular protein synthesis in the
      presence of DT, and two-dimensional gel analysis directly showed that they
      contained equivalent amounts of ADP-ribosylatable and nonribosylatable EF-2
      molecules. Fully toxin-resistant cells, named KEE1 (DTRIIa), were isolated from a
      DTRIIb mutant (KE1) by two-step mutation. KEE1 cells showed full resistance to DT
      and PA, the normal level of association with [125I]DT, and produced only
      nonribosylatable EF-2. Biochemical analysis of somatic cell hybrids indicated
      that the DT-resistant character of class II behaved codominantly. These results
      strongly supported the hypothesis that two copies of the gene for EF-2 are
      functional in CHO-K1 cells.

PMID- 3862243
TI  - Rapid and quantitative detection of unique sequence donor DNA in extracts of
      cultured mammalian cells: an aid to chromosome mapping.
AB  - A rapid and highly sensitive method for screening the human DNA content of hybrid
      or transfected mammalian cells is described. Transfectants containing as little
      as 200 kb of otherwise undefined human DNA can be readily detected in a
      background of mouse chromatin. At the highest stringency, single-copy sequences
      can be detected. Large numbers of independent gene-transfer products are easily
      screened, making the method ideally suited to the identification of rare, but
      otherwise unselectable, events. The method does not rely upon the expression of
      the gene sequence of interest; the sole proviso is the availability of an
      appropriate DNA probe for the chromosomal region or locus of interest.

PMID- 3862244
TI  - Cell cycle-dependent repair of double-strand DNA breaks in a gamma-ray-sensitive
      Chinese hamster cell.
AB  - A Chinese hamster cell mutant has been isolated which is extremely sensitive to
      killing by gamma-irradiation in the G1 and early S phases of the cell cycle (LD50
      of 20 vs. 250 rads for parent), but which has nearly normal resistance in late S.
      The mutant cell is able to repair single-stranded DNA breaks introduced by gamma
      radiation. However, in comparison to its parental cell, the mutant is deficient
      in the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks produced by gamma-irradiation during
      the sensitive G1-early S period, while in the resistant late S period, the repair
      is nearly the same for both cell types. This correlation between gamma-ray
      sensitivity and repair strongly suggests that an inability to repair double
      strand DNA breaks in G1 is the basis for the hypersensitivity of the mutant to
      killing by gamma-rays in this phase of the cell cycle. It also provides direct
      evidence in mammalian cells that the ability to repair double-strand DNA breaks
      induced by ionizing radiation is an important biochemical function in cell
      survival and supports the hypothesis that unrepaired double-strand breaks are a
      major lethal lesion in mammalian cells. A plausible explanation for the
      appearance of the cell cycle phenotype of the mutant is that in normal cells
      there are at least two pathways for the repair of double-strand breaks, one of
      which functions primarily in late S phase, and the other, either throughout the
      cell cycle or only in the G1 and early S phases.

PMID- 3862245
TI  - A new approach to gene mapping by in situ hybridization on isolated chromosomes.
AB  - A new technique was developed for in situ hybridization on isolated murine
      chromosomes. The safety and relative rapidity of the method is due to the ready
      availability of large numbers of isolated "target" chromosomes with well
      preserved morphology. Its applicability was demonstrated by mapping c-myc to band
      15D of Robertsonian (6;15) fusion chromosomes. This localization coincides with
      the cytogenetic mapping of the translocation breakpoints in mouse plasmacytomas
      that carry the typical rcpt (12;15) translocation.

PMID- 3862246
TI  - [The megakaryoblastic component of mixed blast crises].

PMID- 3862248
TI  - Geriatrics and geriatric dental education in the United States.

PMID- 3862247
TI  - [Cure of otologic mucormycosis in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia].

PMID- 3862249
TI  - Communicating with the elderly patient.

PMID- 3862250
TI  - The importance of denture identification.

PMID- 3862251
TI  - Predictors of dental behaviors among the elderly.

PMID- 3862252
TI  - The psychophysiologic etiology of anxiety in the geriatric dental patient.

PMID- 3862253
TI  - A simple mouthstick prosthesis for a quadriplegic patient.

PMID- 3862254
TI  - Successful communication with older patients.

PMID- 3862255
TI  - New drugs of 1984.

PMID- 3862256
TI  - Case of the month. Acute pharyngeal infection.

PMID- 3862257
TI  - A comparison of the 1977 and 1985 antibiotic prophylactic guidelines for dental
      patients at risk of bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 3862258
TI  - Headache related to chronic caffeine addiction.

PMID- 3862260
TI  - Direct reimbursement--one company's experience.

PMID- 3862259
TI  - Case of the month. Persistent gingivitis.

PMID- 3862261
TI  - Isotretinoin (Accutane) and pregnancy.

PMID- 3862262
TI  - Menace for dentists: varicosities.

PMID- 3862263
TI  - Fighting back with help from Uncle Sam.

PMID- 3862264
TI  - Study of HLA antigens of the Martinican population.
AB  - This is the first time a study has been undertaken on the HLA profile of the
      Martinican population, a population which is essentially the product of
      intermixture between African-Negroes and French Caucasians. Two hundred and
      thirty-eight nonrelated subjects were typed for the A and B loci, 158 subjects
      for C locus and 128 for DR locus. After analysis of our parameters (antigen and
      gene frequencies, linkage disequilibria, etc.) and their comparison to those
      found in the Black and Caucasian control populations, we came to the conclusion
      that our racially-mixed population is closer to the African-Negro population than
      to the French Caucasian. A study of the average gene flow enabled us to evaluate
      the Caucasian contribution as being about 30%. This figure is subject to change
      inasmuch as racial intermixture continues. Socio-cultural variables are assumed
      to play a minimal role, given the high rate of illegitimacy.

PMID- 3862265
TI  - Familial studies in human brucellosis.

PMID- 3862266
TI  - Experimental systemic toxicology of 4'-epidoxorubicin, a new, less cardiotoxic
      anthracycline antitumor agent.
AB  - The acute and chronic iv toxicity of 4'-epidoxorubicin, a new antitumor
      anthracycline antibiotic, was compared with doxorubicin. The LD50 of 4'
      epidoxorubicin was 16.07 mg/kg in mice, 14.27 mg/kg in rats, and about 2 mg/kg in
      dogs; the LD50 of doxorubicin was 11.98 mg/kg in mice, 10.51 mg/kg in rats, and
      about 2.5 mg/kg in dogs. Rats and dogs were also dosed iv for 91 days (3
      injections/week) with 4'-epidoxorubicin or doxorubicin at doses of 0.128, 0.32,
      and 0.8 mg/kg to rats and 0.064, 0.16, and 0.4 mg/kg to dogs. A comprehensive
      toxicological evaluation of the animals was carried out before, throughout, and
      at the end of the study. High-dose 4'-epidoxorubicin induced toxic clinical signs
      in dogs, and in both species caused loss of body weight, antiproliferative
      effects on blood-forming organs and testes, and degenerative lesions in kidneys
      and heart. The cardiac damage was moderate in rats and very mild in dogs; only
      three male rats died at this dose. The medium dose induced less pronounced
      changes and no heart lesions and the low dose was practically nontoxic.
      Doxorubicin showed similar antiproliferative activity, but more evident toxic
      effects, especially on the heart; many rats given the high dose died and some at
      the medium dose showed initial cardiac lesions. Thus 4'-epidoxorubicin appeared
      less toxic than doxorubicin; in particular cardiac damage was much less evident
      in animals chronically injected with the new drug.

PMID- 3862267
TI  - Normal tear production and drainage.

PMID- 3862268
TI  - The effect of ageing and disease on tear constituents.
AB  - An ELISA method is described for measuring the age-related changes of tear
      lysozyme, lactoferrin, ceruloplasmin, IgA and IgG in normal eyes. The normal
      levels for these proteins at each age are compared with those from patients with
      dry and 'questionably dry' eyes, which each have individual profiles, as well as
      with patients suffering from ocular pemphigoid, chronic non-ulcerative
      blepharitis and meibomianitis. Results of tear lysozyme assays from patients on
      various beta-blockers are discussed with the suggested hypothesis that
      stimulation of beta-receptors per se in the human lacrimal gland is not required
      for tear protein secretion. The importance of other proteins present in the tear
      fluid is reviewed.

PMID- 3862269
TI  - The defence mechanism of the outer eye.

PMID- 3862270
TI  - Physical chemistry of the normal and disordered tear film.
AB  - The preocular tear film is viewed as a thin, mostly aqueous film covering a
      hydrophilic solid and bordered by a meniscus which is also supported by the
      solid. The aqueous layer is coated by an even thinner lipid layer. Part of the
      solid boundary is mobile and capable of compressing the lipid layer rapidly
      thereby simulating blinking. By the use of such a model, the properties of the
      tear film system can be described and its behavior can be predicted by applying
      the principles of interface science to the model. Gravity has a negligible effect
      on the tear film. Hydraulic flow of tears can only occur in the meniscus. The
      rupture of the tear film is attributed to lipid contamination of the supporting
      solid making its surface hydrophobic. Blinking compresses the lipid layer and
      removes the lipid-contaminated, hydrophobic mucus from the epithelium-tear
      interface. The instability of the preocular tear film, which can be caused by
      several factors, appears to be characteristic of all dry eye states irrespective
      of aetiology.

PMID- 3862271
TI  - Innervation of the conjunctiva.
AB  - A parasympathetic pathway from the facial nerve to the conjunctiva was confirmed.
      Many conjunctival nerve fibres were degenerated following pterygopalatine
      ganglion lesion in cynomolgus monkeys. Nerve terminal degeneration was found
      mainly in the large vessel walls and adjacent to the subepithelial capillaries.
      AChE positive nerve fibres of undenervated tissue, probably representing the
      cholinergic fibres of facial nerve origin, and sympathetic nerve terminals,
      identified by their small granular vesicle content, were similarly disposed in
      vessel walls. Hence conjunctival vessels, including capillaries, have a dual
      autonomic innervation. Intraepithelial terminals were sparse and no evidence of a
      specific goblet cell innervation was found. Human perilimbal conjunctiva
      displayed a similar distribution of nerve fibres to cynomolgus monkeys.

PMID- 3862272
TI  - Colour wide field specular microscopic investigation of corneal surface
      disorders.
AB  - Colour wide field specular microscopy (WFSM) may be used to examine different
      phases of corneal surface pathology in vivo. A soft contact lens facilitates
      colour differentiation of cell surface variations by interference. Pathologic
      states may be characterised by modifications in apparent cell colour, brightness,
      morphology and configuration. Cell brightness is altered by interference
      phenomena, cell surface irregularities (microprojections), homogeneity of
      substances covering cells, intracellular components and changes in indices of
      refraction at the interfaces between the cell surface and the tear layers. Colour
      photography has been helpful in deciding which intensity variations may be due to
      interference effects.

PMID- 3862273
TI  - Quantification and enzymic identification of conjunctival surface mucus.

PMID- 3862274
TI  - Changes of the tear film in dry eyes.
AB  - This paper describes the alterations in the structure of the tear film and its
      composition, which can lead to the dry eye syndrome. An attempt has been made to
      differentiate the individual components of these syndromes and Vogt's method is
      described as a further aid to diagnosis.

PMID- 3862275
TI  - Relationship of the dry eye to primary ocular surface disease.

PMID- 3862276
TI  - Dry eye in the dog and its treatment.
AB  - Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is a relatively common eye disease in the dog. The
      presenting signs are described and the aetiology due to canine distemper, trauma
      and hypothyroidism mentioned. A familial incidence in the West Highland White has
      been demonstrated, thirty-five per cent of two hundred cases occurring in this
      breed and of these cases over seventy per cent occurred in the female, the
      majority between 4 and 7 years of age. The indications are that
      keratoconjunctivitis sicca may be an autoimmune disease with similarities to
      Sjogren's syndrome. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in the dog has also occurred
      following the use of sulphasalazine for the treatment of colitis. The operation
      of parotid duct transposition is described and its value in the dog discussed.

PMID- 3862277
TI  - Topical retinoid treatment for dry eye disorders.
AB  - We have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of topical all-trans retinoic acid
      ointment in the treatment of four severe cases of the following dry eye
      disorders: Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, drug-induced
      pseudopemphigoid, surgery-induced dry eye. In all four cases, impression cytology
      confirmed that improvements in symptoms, visual acuity, keratopathy, and Schirmer
      test resulted from reversal of the process of squamous metaplasia. This treatment
      represents the first nonsurgical approach with action directed specifically at
      the diseased ocular surface epithelia.

PMID- 3862278
TI  - Eledoisin--a successful therapeutic concept for filamentary keratitis.

PMID- 3862279
TI  - Other forms of treatment of dry eyes.

PMID- 3862280
TI  - Pst I polymorphism of the antithrombin III gene in a French population.
AB  - Pst I endonuclease fragment length polymorphism of the antithrombin III probe was
      studied in a French population. Among 25 subjects tested, 15 were found
      heterozygous at the Pst I site, so that this polymorphism might serve as a useful
      markers of antithrombin III gene in families with antithrombin III deficiency.

PMID- 3862281
TI  - Computerized neurocognitive evaluation.

PMID- 3862282
TI  - Pertussis revisited: West Virginia, 1979-1984.

PMID- 3862283
TI  - Erythema multiforme.

PMID- 3862285
TI  - [Austrian Society for Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis. 18th annual meeting. Steyr,
      16-19 May 1985. Abstracts].

PMID- 3862284
TI  - Chronic myelocytic leukemia as a secondary malignant condition in a patient
      receiving prolonged chemotherapy for ovarian carcinoma.

PMID- 3862286
TI  - Changes in membrane gangliosides: differentiation of human and murine monocytic
      cells.
AB  - Membrane ganglioside changes in murine peritoneal macrophages and the human
      promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 have been assessed by two-dimensional thin
      layer chromatography. C3H/HeJ mice respond to protein-containing endotoxin but
      are hyporesponsive to protein-free endotoxin preparations. Compared to
      unstimulated resident cells, protein-containing endotoxin produced an alteration
      in the C3H/HeJ macrophage ganglioside pattern whereas protein-free endotoxin did
      not. In comparison, differentiation of HL-60 cells to a neutrophil-like cell by
      dimethylsulfoxide gave a ganglioside pattern similar to unstimulated HL-60 cells.
      However, differentiation of HL-60 cells by phorbol myristate acetate to
      macrophage-like cells results in a large increase in the monosialoganglioside
      GM3. The evidence presented indicates that discrete ganglioside changes occur in
      murine monocytes and HL-60 cells upon induction to cells with increased
      macrophage functions.

PMID- 3862287
TI  - Effect of protein synthesis inhibitors on leukocytic pyrogen-induced in vitro
      hypothalamic prostaglandin production.
AB  - In order to study the antipyretic effect of inhibitors of protein synthesis,
      hypothalamic tissue was incubated in vitro under controlled conditions and the
      amount of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) measured in the supernatant medium. Rabbit
      anterior hypothalamic tissue was incubated with purified human leukocytic pyrogen
      (LP) and after 60 minutes the supernatant fluid was assayed for PGE2 by
      radioimmunoassay. Control tissue incubated with Eagle's medium (MEM) released
      elevated levels of PGE2; however, the addition of polymyxin B (PmxB), a cationic
      antibiotic which blocks the activities of bacterial endotoxins, significantly
      reduced PGE2. In addition, endotoxin added to MEM induced from the brain tissue
      PGE2 production which could be reduced by the addition of PmxB. Thus, commercial
      culture media such as MEM may contain sufficient amounts of endotoxin to
      stimulate brain PGE2 production in vitro. Purified human LP incubated with
      hypothalamic tissue in the presence of PmxB induced PGE2 production in a dose
      dependent fashion. This release could be reduced (p less than 0.001) by the
      presence of either cycloheximide or puromycin during incubation with LP. The
      addition of these inhibitors to unstimulated hypothalamic tissue incubations did
      not reduce background levels of PGE2. It is concluded that the antipyretic effect
      of protein synthesis inhibitors results in a specific decrease in LP-induced
      levels of PGE2.

PMID- 3862288
TI  - [Internal medicine oncology in the aged].
AB  - Advanced age represents a restriction for the possibilities of internal oncology.
      A limited function of the organs, as well as the patient's lack of cooperation
      must be expected, thus complicating the control of the therapy. However, despite
      these aspects, advanced age alone is no reason for rejecting chemotherapy. If
      there is a chance for therapeutical success, it will last just as long as with
      young patients. Malignant disease in older patients allows a curative therapy
      only in exceptional cases. Therefore, a very accurate cost/benefit analysis
      should be carried out for each patient in cases of palliative treatment.

PMID- 3862289
TI  - [Assessment of implantation tests for control materials].

PMID- 3862290
TI  - [Standardization of dental photographic methods].

PMID- 3862291
TI  - [Human and psychological aspects of the orthodontic team].

PMID- 3862292
TI  - [Carefully planned treatment of cross bites in social orthodontics].

PMID- 3862293
TI  - [Discrepancy of tooth and jaw structures from the viewpoint of social
      orthodontics].

PMID- 3862294
TI  - [The importance of motivation in wearing orthodontic appliances].

PMID- 3862295
TI  - [The orthognator].

PMID- 3862296
TI  - [Regulatory effect of bimaxillary appliances on the temporomandibular joint and
      the mandible].

PMID- 3862297
TI  - [Numerical evaluation of malocclusion in study models of the mixed dentition].

PMID- 3862298
TI  - [Development of the basic principles of treatment of clefts in the lip, alveolus
      and palate at the University Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery in Ljubljana].

PMID- 3862299
TI  - [Organization of ambulatory and hospital care for patients with cleft lip and
      palate at the University Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery in Ljubljana].

PMID- 3862300
TI  - [The effect of glucose on the distribution of labelled bacterial antigen during
      cellulose acetate electrophoresis].

PMID- 3862301
TI  - [The prevalence, location and composition of enamel pearls in permanent molars].

PMID- 3862302
TI  - [Concentrations of various trace elements in the enamel of primary and permanent
      teeth].

PMID- 3862303
TI  - [Caries prevention in adolescents at the dental clinic level].

PMID- 3862304
TI  - [Injuries to anterior teeth in children and adolescents, their causes and
      prevalence according to the patients' age].

PMID- 3862305
TI  - [The role and value of gingival curettage in the treatment of periodontal
      disease].

PMID- 3862306
TI  - [An example of the successfully treated patient with advanced periodontitis].

PMID- 3862307
TI  - [Abrasion and selective grinding of teeth].

PMID- 3862308
TI  - [Evaluation of soft tissue changes in the oral cavity during radiotherapy of head
      and neck malignancies using exfoliative cytology methods].

PMID- 3862309
TI  - The effect of pigbel vaccine.

PMID- 3862310
TI  - Ovarian tumours in Papua New Guinea: relative frequency and histological
      features.
AB  - An analysis has been made of 447 ovarian tumours submitted for histological
      examination to the Department of Pathology, Port Moresby General Hospital, for
      the period 1978-1982. Ovarian tumours constituted 8% of all tumours submitted
      during this period. Of the ovarian tumours submitted 75% were benign. The ovarian
      tumours presented a wide range of histological features, which were analysed
      according to the accepted international classification.

PMID- 3862311
TI  - Malakoplakia of the gastrointestinal tract: report of cases seen in Papua New
      Guinea with review of literature.
AB  - Malakoplakia of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare condition, with only 38
      cases reported in the world literature so far. In Papua New Guinea 2 cases have
      been seen in young patients. These cases are described and the literature briefly
      reviewed.

PMID- 3862312
TI  - Malaria and tropical splenomegaly syndrome in the Anga of Morobe Province.
AB  - The Hamtai speaking Anga of the Upper Watut valley have long been considered to
      be unique in their response to recurrent malaria. Given sufficient exposure, the
      vast majority develop tropical splenomegaly syndrome concomitantly with their
      acquisition of effective immunity, whereas elsewhere this disease occurs
      sporadically. The present study indicates that the Menya of the Tauri valley, a
      related Angan group, respond similarly, in terms of frequency and degree of gross
      splenomegaly. On the other hand, the Kapau valley, the traditional homeland of
      the Hamtai, lying between the Watut and Tauri valleys, remains for the most part
      free of malaria. It is suggested that all Anga will respond to recurrent malarial
      infection in the same atypical manner; and that this response results from lack
      of appropriate genetically-determined mechanisms for mounting efficient immune
      responses to this infection, significant exposure to which is a relatively recent
      event for these people.

PMID- 3862313
TI  - Possible aetiology of oral cancer in Papua New Guinea.
AB  - Oral cancer is the most common cancer seen in Papua New Guinea. Although there is
      a broad geographical correlation with betel chewing, there have been no
      analytical epidemiological studies and the aetiology remains poorly understood. A
      greater understanding of several putative risk factors and how they may interact
      is needed prior to any attempt to modify traditional customs. Although current
      strategies for primary prevention in India are based on the assumption that the
      risk of betel chewing is related to the tobacco in the quid, this cannot explain
      oral cancer in Papua New Guinea. In the latter, special epidemiological and
      laboratory investigations are needed to provide a scientific basis for future
      prevention.

PMID- 3862314
TI  - Grand multiparity: benefits of a referral program for hospital delivery and
      postpartum tubal ligation.
AB  - The maternal death rate is high in grand multiparas giving birth in remote
      villages in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. Such women are often reluctant
      to go to hospital for delivery. However, many of them have accepted the idea of
      going to hospital to await delivery and postpartum tubal ligation. We discuss the
      results and benefits of this program. 43% of grand multiparas suffered one or
      more complications during their hospitalization; 77% were sterilized.
      Considerable morbidity and mortality can be prevented by an active program for
      hospital management of grand multiparas. Costs of such early referral are at
      least partially offset by decreasing costs for late emergency transfer of
      obstetric disasters. 47% of emergency air charters for obstetric complications
      were for grand multiparas. Numbers of such emergency transfers have decreased as
      increasing numbers of grand multiparas have been referred early for delivery and
      tubal ligation.

PMID- 3862315
TI  - A study of the effectiveness of mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate as a combination
      anthelmintic in Papua New Guinean children.
AB  - A mixture of 150 mg mebendazole and 30mg pyrantel pamoate was given on 3
      consecutive or near-consecutive days to 70 children infected with one or more of
      Necator americanus, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, S.
      fuelleborni-like and Trichuris trichiura. This treatment had an efficacy of 95
      per cent for N. americanus infections, 100 per cent for A. lumbricoides, 57 per
      cent for Strongyloides spp., and 75 per cent for T. trichiura. The results
      indicate that the treatment given is effective against the infections of N.
      americanus and A. lumbricoides but is only partially effective for Strongyloides
      and T. trichiura infections.

PMID- 3862316
TI  - Inhalation hazards of tropical "pea shooters".

PMID- 3862317
TI  - Regional variation of oral cancer in Papua New Guinea.
AB  - Data from the Papua New Guinea Tumour Registry for the period 1979 to 1983 were
      examined for regional differences in the apparent incidence of oral cancer. The
      age-standardised incidence rates showed a ten-fold variation across the country,
      and only part of this variation could be explained by differences in availability
      of health services and in overall cancer-reporting rates. Incidence rates for
      oral cancer are significantly lower in the highlands than in the lowland regions
      of Papua New Guinea. The male: female ratio for oral cancer was greater than that
      for all cancer cases. The ways in which differences in betel- chewing and in
      tobacco and alcohol consumption may contribute-to these trends are discussed.

PMID- 3862318
TI  - [Bulimia].
AB  - For the last decade the bulimia syndrome, known since Antiquity, has been
      observed to be on the increase, predominantly among females, the onset of the
      disease occurring after puberty. Symptoms, connections with anorexia nervosa,
      aetiologic and pathogenetic aspects, and therapeutic approaches are being
      discussed.

PMID- 3862319
TI  - [Abortion following prenatal diagnosis of genetic defects].
AB  - 71 abortions after prenatal diagnosis of genetic defects have been performed
      between 1974 and 1983. Mean duration of pregnancy was 21 weeks, mean hospital
      stay 10 days. In 28 per cent an intraamnial prostaglandin induction was done,
      which was successful in 85 per cent. Extraamnial prostaglandin application was
      combined with oxytocin in 51 per cent, which was followed by abortion in 51 per
      cent within 26 hours. Primary hysterectomy was performed in 4 per cent and
      rupture of the membranes combined with oxytocin infusion in 6 per cent.
      Complication rate overall was 20 per cent. In 6 per cent the following
      complications have been observed: 1 perforation with lesion of intestine, 1
      cervical rupture with hemorrhage, 1 colpaporrhexis, 1 shock. Pelveoperitonitis
      and rupture of the symphysis pubis in one case each (3 per cent). Other
      complications, like fever, hemorrhages and thrombophlebitis have been observed in
      11 per cent. Midtrimester abortion after prenatal diagnosis of genetic defects
      should be done only in experienced clinics. Special importance in prophylaxis of
      complications of abortion has chorion biopsy to predate prenatal diagnosis in the
      6th till 12th gestational week.

PMID- 3862320
TI  - [Action mechanism of methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy-alpha-D
      glucopyranoside (MCNU) in leukemic cells].

PMID- 3862321
TI  - [Abnormal hemopoiesis in juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia: phagocytic cell
      dependent endogenous colony formation by peripheral blood and bone marrow cells].

PMID- 3862322
TI  - [Monoclonal antibodies (NU-N1 and NU-N2) reactive with common acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia antigen].

PMID- 3862323
TI  - [Prostaglandin E2 production by mononuclear cells of peripheral and marrow blood
      of patients with malignant lymphoma].

PMID- 3862324
TI  - HLA antigens in patients with unexplained hepatitis following halothane
      anesthesia.
AB  - We examined HLA-A,B,C and DR locus antigens in 38 Japanese patients who had
      recovered from halothane hepatitis. The patients were divided into two subgroups,
      i.e. jaundice and non-jaundice groups, because the clinical features were quite
      different in each. DR2 was positive in 14 (58.3%) of 24 patients with jaundice,
      compared with 281 (33.6%) of the 837 Japanese healthy controls (chi-square with
      Yates' correction = 5.30, relative risk = 2.77, P less than 0.025). Conversely,
      Bw44 was increased in non-jaundice patients (50.0%), compared with 157 (12.7%) of
      the 1234 Japanese healthy controls (chi-square with Yates' correction = 13.75,
      relative risk = 6.86, P less than 0.001). The haplotype frequency (Hf) of Aw24
      Bw52-DR2 was high in the patients with jaundice (Hf = 0.2362), while it was zero
      in the patients without jaundice (P less than 0.0042). These data suggest that
      the two groups of halothane hepatitis have different genetic backgrounds.

PMID- 3862325
TI  - Abstracts. 18th Congress of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiologists.
      Reykjavik, Iceland, June 25-29, 1985.

PMID- 3862326
TI  - Mathematical models for developmental changes.
AB  - Developmental changes are generally reflected in gradual increase in size or
      number, or both. These morphological changes will be accompanied by physiological
      changes. In a first-order approximation one may state that the rate of change at
      any time is proportional to the value of the parameter in question, which leads
      to exponential changes. More complex models have been devised for so-called
      growth processes. A number of these models are reviewed here and their
      application to developmental changes is discussed.

PMID- 3862327
TI  - Electrical stimulation of the auditory system in animals profoundly deaf from
      birth.
AB  - Animals homozygous for the recessive deafness gene (dn/dn) have been used to
      study central responses to modiolar or round window electrical stimulation.
      Inferior colliculus evoked responses to contralateral constant current pulses are
      larger in mutants than in controls. In mutants, responses are largest in animals
      aged 5-7 months, compared with animals aged 42-50 days or 13.5-19 months. The
      spiral ganglion cell density is normal in the youngest group, but decreases
      significantly in older animals. Electrical stimulation of the round window is
      less effective than modiolar stimulation. Single unit recordings suggest that the
      larger evoked responses in deafness mice are produced by stronger discharges in
      neurones, rather than greater synchrony of discharge. The deafness mutation
      appears to provide a useful animal model for studying electrical stimulation of a
      central pathway which has never received stimulus-related input.

PMID- 3862328
TI  - Strategies and problems for future studies of auditory development.

PMID- 3862329
TI  - Evoked potentials as indicators of auditory maturation.
AB  - Evoked potentials are used widely to quantify the state of maturation of the
      auditory nervous system both in humans and animals. In animals a comparison
      between the rate of maturation obtained with evoked potential recording and with
      single unit recording can be made. In addition comparison with results from
      behavioural studies is possible. The presently available material suggests
      qualitatively similar time courses for single unit, evoked potential and
      behavioural data in the cat. However, quantitatively there are quite sizeable
      differences. Applications in humans only allow comparison with behavioural data,
      the amount and reliability of which at the moment are small. On the basis of the
      animal results an optimistic view point may be taken but diversity between some
      large studies on maturation of the human auditory evoked potentials do not
      substantiate this at the moment.

PMID- 3862330
TI  - Morphology, synaptology and electrophysiology of the developing cochlea.
AB  - The development of synapses clearly differentiates the two kinds of cochlear
      receptors inner (IHC) and outer (OHC) hair cells. An adult-like pattern of
      innervation can be seen very early below the IHCs: both afferent and efferent
      (mainly axo-dendritic) synapses are formed before the onset of function. At the
      OHC level, drastic changes occur: numerous afferent dendrites retract as the
      large efferent endings arrive and synapse with the hair cell. This synaptic OHC
      remodelling coincides with maturation of compound action potential (AP)
      parameters, such as the "S" -shape of the input-output curves and the sharpening
      of AP tuning curves.

PMID- 3862331
TI  - Applications of surface-recorded auditory evoked potentials for the early
      diagnosis of hearing loss in neonates and premature infants.
AB  - The recording of Auditory Evoked Potentials (AEPs) in adults provides a non
      invasive means of assessing the auditory system at its peripheral and central
      levels. In neonates and premature babies, technical, methodological and
      physiological constraints prevent the clinician from simply extrapolating from
      the adult data. Those constraints are discussed. In the light of this discussion,
      some limits on the validity of AEP recording in very young patients are proposed.

PMID- 3862332
TI  - Evoked acoustic emission: clinical application.
AB  - Stimulated acoustic emissions were recorded in response to tonal stimuli at 60 dB
      p.e. SPL in a small group of normal-hearing adults. Power spectral analysis
      reveals that the evoked activity from each ear contains energy in preferential
      frequency bands and the change of stimulus frequency has only a minor effect on
      the power spectra, i.e. the maximum jumps from one spectral peak to another.
      Experiments with deconvolution demonstrate that the emission generating system at
      least at a fixed intensity can be regarded as being linear and characterized by
      its impulse response which is similar to the emission evoked by click stimuli. It
      is concluded that significant information is obtained by the click rather than by
      the tonal stimuli. The click-evoked emissions were also recorded from both ears
      in a consecutive series of 100 full-term and otherwise normal babies 2-4 days
      after birth. The emission amplitudes were of the same order of magnitude as those
      previously found in normal-hearing adults. Cross-correlation analysis was
      performed in order to evaluate reproducibility and the combination of amplitudes
      and correlation coefficients from supra-threshold recordings and the no-stimulus
      recordings reveals presence of a true emission from all ears tested. It is
      concluded that the cochlear echo can be recorded in normal-hearing newborns with
      an extremely low rate of type I errors.

PMID- 3862333
TI  - Use of behavioural tests in early diagnosis of hearing loss.
AB  - Behavioural tests for infant hearing loss are surveyed. Two automated tests for
      newborns are described. Early results of validity studies indicate that they are
      promising techniques. The results of research on 1 to 5 month olds is summarized.
      The reasons why clinical assessment at this age is not often attempted are
      discussed. Finally, distraction test methods and their validity are mentioned.
      The need for repeated testing for infant hearing loss and continued research into
      the reliability and validity of existing assessment techniques is emphasized.

PMID- 3862334
TI  - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Light microscopic, electron microscopic and
      immunohistochemical study.
AB  - A case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) involving the lungs, skin, stomach,
      and possibly the left kidney in a 60-year-old man is presented. The infiltrates
      in the lungs, stomach, and skin showed a polymorphic appearance, and consisted
      predominantly of lymphocytes of mature and blastic form and of a few neutrophils,
      plasma cells, and histiocytes. Most lymphoid cells showed irregularly shaped
      nuclei and clustered dense bodies, characteristics indicative of T lymphocytes.
      An immunohistochemical study confirmed the T cell origin of the lymphocytes; i.e.
      they were positive for Leu-1, Leu-3a and Ia-like antigens but negative for Leu-2a
      antigen and the antibodies against light chains. The homogeneity of the major
      population of infiltrates in LYG indicates that at least some forms of LYG may be
      neoplastic or pre-neoplastic lymphocytic disorders which may ultimately progress
      to malignant lymphoma.

PMID- 3862335
TI  - Adrenergic nervous control of resistance and capacitance vessels. Studies on
      isolated blood vessels from the rat.
AB  - A systematic comparison of neurogenic responses from consecutive sections of the
      cardiovascular system has not yet been performed under the well-defined
      conditions that an in-vitro system can offer. The present investigation aimed at
      analysing the neuroeffector properties of different isolated vessels, mounted in
      a myograph, where isotonic and isometric responses to transmural nerve
      stimulation could be determined. The vessels investigated were the abdominal
      aorta and caval vein, the superior mesenteric artery and vein, and 200-micron
      arteries and corresponding veins from the mesenteric arcades, the latter
      representing true resistance and capacitance vessels, respectively. Further, the
      vascular adrenergic innervation was visualized by Hillarp-Falck's formaldehyde
      fluorescence technique as well as immunohistochemical methods. In all vessels the
      innervation was confined to the adventitio-medial border. The responses to single
      neurogenic impulses differed markedly between the vessels, being distinct and
      rapid in the small, slow in the intermediate vessels, and absent in the aorta and
      the caval vein. This was in contrast to the responses to direct electrical
      activation of the muscle, which were quite rapid in all vessels. The organisation
      of the neuromuscular transmission thus has a marked influence on the effector
      response. The maximal neurogenic responses parallelled the innervation density,
      being greatest in the small arteries and least in the abdominal aorta. The
      frequency for half-maximal response appeared to depend also on other factors,
      such as velocity of contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle. Of the small
      vessels, the veins were relatively more activated by low frequencies. Stimulation
      with an irregular impulse pattern, derived from human sympathetic nerve
      discharge, had greater effects than the corresponding constant-frequency
      stimulation on the resistance arteries; the small veins responded equally to
      either pattern. This difference could be related to the observed frequency
      response relations around the average frequency used. The effects of inhibition
      of neuronal amine uptake on neurogenic responses and on responses to exogenous
      noradrenaline differed considerably, particularly in the resistance arteries.
      Here the magnitude of the neurogenic responses were hardly affected by this
      inhibition, whereas responses to exogenous noradrenaline were strongly enhanced.
      On its own, blockade of prejunctional adrenergic alpha 2-receptors had little
      effect on either response, but blocking both alpha 2-receptors and reuptake
      clearly potentiated the neurogenic responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3862336
TI  - The mechanism of leukoregulin enhancement of target cell susceptibility to NK
      cell mediated cytotoxicity in humans.

PMID- 3862338
TI  - Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M-4 subtype) with abnormal marrow eosinophilia and
      a normal chromosome 16.
AB  - A variety of chromosome 16 abnormalities, including inversion, deletion, and
      translocation in patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia and abnormal marrow
      eosinophilia have been reported recently. The authors have identified an AMML
      patient who had a normal karyotype in 50 metaphases. In particular, chromosome 16
      was closely examined for abnormality and was found to be entirely normal. In
      addition, the authors describe new cytochemical and ultrastructural features of
      the associated abnormal eosinophils.

PMID- 3862337
TI  - Coronary heart disease risk factors among religious groupings in a Jewish
      population sample in Jerusalem.
AB  - The hypothesis that plasma lipids, blood pressure, smoking and dietary intake
      differed according to degree of religiosity was examined in a sample of Jewish
      residents of Jerusalem. Religiosity was classified according to the subject's
      self-ranking of his perceived degree of religiosity. Prevalence of smoking, and
      plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol were higher in secular participants than in the orthodox group. No
      differences in blood pressure and in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were
      observed. Secular subjects consumed more total fat, more saturated fatty acids
      and less carbohydrate than religious subjects. These differences in nutrient
      intake among the religious groups reflected differences in their food selection,
      notably consumption of dairy products. These findings of parallel differences in
      plasma lipids and in dietary intake are consistent with the differing incidence
      of myocardial infarction in the religious groups which has been shown in the
      Israeli population.

PMID- 3862339
TI  - Acute granulocytic leukemia following systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Corticosteroids, alkylating agents, and other immunosuppressive drugs are
      currently being used to treat a variety of systemic diseases. An increased
      incidence of acute granulocytic leukemia (AGL) has been noted in patients
      receiving such therapy. It is unclear whether AGL is the direct consequence of
      drug treatment or whether it represents a new expression of the natural history
      of the primary disorder. This report describes two cases of systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) treated with immunosuppressive agents. Acute granulocytic
      leukemia developed and was the underlying cause of death in both patients.

PMID- 3862340
TI  - Anorexia nervosa and bulimia: an activity-oriented approach.
AB  - In recent years, there has been a growing trend away from a dogmatic adherence to
      any one approach in the treatment of eating disorders. This paper adds the new
      element of practice in relation to cognitive change. The activity-oriented
      approach outlined here stresses that patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia
      must maintain responsibility for their own food intake throughout treatment. The
      key role of the occupational therapist in the treatment team is outlined, and
      suggestions for assessment and management of this type of patient are given.

PMID- 3862341
TI  - The control of condylar growth: an experimental evaluation of the role of the
      lateral pterygoid muscle.
AB  - The present study used 21 male albino rats to test the hypothesis that lateral
      pterygoid traction regulates the growth of the mandibular condyle. The condyles,
      the rami, and the top of each glenoid fossa were marked with metallic implants,
      and, following bilateral section of the condylar neck, one lateral pterygoid
      muscle was extirpated. On the basis of the literal details of Petrovic's
      cybernetic model, it was assumed that the continued forward growth of the midface
      and the backward translation of the glenoid fossa would combine to produce a
      progressive disturbance in the buccal occlusion that would, in turn, generate a
      reflex contraction of the remaining lateral pterygoid muscle. Initially, however,
      growth of the isolated condyles would have little impact on the spatial position
      of the rest of the mandible. As a result, the condyles on the side with the
      intact lateral pterygoid should grow for a time at a maximal, open-circuit rate,
      whereas the experimental condyle, deprived of all muscle traction, should show
      only a minimal "commanded" rate of growth. The serial change in the position of
      the condylar and ramal implants was assessed cephalometrically for 6 weeks, and
      between-sides differences were analyzed by randomized block analysis of variance.
      The presence or absence of the lateral pterygoid muscle had no significant effect
      on the anteroposterior position of the condylar implants and only a slight,
      transitory effect on their vertical position. The translation of the ramal
      implants, however, was greatly affected by the condylotomy. On both control and
      experimental sides, the mandible collapsed upward and backward until contact
      between the growing condyle and ramus had been achieved, whereupon a downward and
      forward pattern of translatory growth was re-established. Although it could not
      be shown that lateral pterygoid traction per se is a significant factor in the
      growth of isolated condyles, it was concluded that the condyle is vitally
      important to the translatory growth of the mandible as a whole. On the basis of
      these data and the current literature, a simple hypothesis was advanced for the
      control of condylar growth by the ongoing pattern of functional loading and for
      the role of this growth in the normal downward and forward displacement of the
      rest of the mandible.

PMID- 3862342
TI  - Functions of condylar translation in human mandibular movement.
AB  - Mandibular movement in many mammals is controlled by a pure hinge joint. Since
      condylar translation is a structurally complex adaptation and a common source of
      human clinical dysfunction, there have been many attempts to evaluate the
      biologic significance of human condylar translation. The three hypotheses
      concerning condylar translation considered in this study are (1) that it results
      in a center of rotation of the mandible in the area of the mandibular foramen,
      minimizing displacement of the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle during
      mandibular movement, (2) that it reduces the amount of stretch in the masseter
      muscle during opening, allowing the muscle to function within an efficient
      portion of the muscle fiber length-tension curve, and (3) that it prevents
      compromise of the airway and other cervical structures by the tongue and mandible
      during opening. Ten subjects with cephalometric radiographs taken both in centric
      relation and with the mandible wide open are evaluated. The movement of the
      mandibular foramen, the stretch of the masseter muscle, and the proximity of the
      tongue and mandible to the airway are compared during actual opening and when
      mandibular opening is modeled as a pure hinge movement. The results indicate that
      condylar translation performs all three functions. However, a review of other
      data leads to the conclusion that airway preservation in human beings may be a
      more critical problem and a more essential function of condylar translation than
      either reducing movement of the mandibular foramen or reducing stretch of the
      masseter muscle.

PMID- 3862343
TI  - Long-term periodontal status of teeth moved into extraction sites.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to assess the long-term periodontal status
      adjacent to teeth that had been moved orthodontically into extraction sites.
      Twelve persons with a mean age of 29.2 +/- 5.7 (SD) years, who had completed
      orthodontic therapy at least 10 years previously, were examined. The orthodontic
      treatment had included bilateral premolar extraction in only the maxilla.
      Interproximal tooth surfaces in the maxilla adjacent to the extraction sites
      (study group) were compared to corresponding tooth surfaces in the mandible
      (control group) with respect to plaque, visual inflammation, bleeding after
      probing, pocket depth, gingival recession, loss of connective tissue attachment,
      radiographic bone height, and root resorption. Statistical comparisons were made
      via analyses of variance and t tests. There were no differences between the
      groups for any clinical parameter except the presence of less visual inflammation
      in study subjects. Radiographically, there were no differences in crestal
      alveolar bone levels measured from the cementoenamel junction. Bone height
      evaluation by the Bjorn method showed less alveolar support in the study group.
      However, this was due to the influence of root resorption rather than an effect
      on crestal height. It was concluded that orthodontic movement of teeth into
      extraction sites had been without detrimental effect upon the adjacent
      periodontal status.

PMID- 3862344
TI  - Longitudinal soft-tissue profile changes: a study of three analyses.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to describe the changes in six soft-tissue
      parameters that are commonly used by orthodontists in their diagnosis and
      treatment planning as well as in the evaluation of profile changes that occur
      with growth and orthodontic treatment. The parameters evaluated were two angles
      of facial convexity, the Holdaway soft-tissue angle, Merrifield's Z angle, and
      Rickett's esthetic line and lip relationships. The subjects of this study
      consisted of 20 males and 15 females for whom lateral cephalograms taken between
      the ages of 5 and 25 years were available. Descriptive statistics for the
      absolute and incremental changes are presented on a yearly basis between the ages
      of 5 and 17 years and at adulthood. Growth profile curves were constructed for
      each parameter, and regression equations were developed to describe the age
      related changes in the six parameters for both males and females. The present
      findings indicated that the male and female growth profile curves were
      significantly different, except for the angle of facial convexity (excluding the
      nose) and Merrifield's Z angle. One of the conclusions that can be derived from
      this investigation is that the two angles of soft-tissue facial convexity, the
      Holdaway soft-tissue angle, and Merrifield's Z angle do not behave in a similar
      manner with age. Therefore, the clinician needs to use a number of soft-tissue
      parameters to better evaluate the soft-tissue profile. A limited number of
      cephalometric standards have been identified for each parameter. These standards
      can be used by the orthodontist as representative of the change between the age
      of 5 years and adulthood. This should enable the orthodontist to treat the
      patient to soft-tissue norms that are age- and sex-specific, rather than to an
      adult standard.

PMID- 3862345
TI  - The emotional impact of orthognathic surgery and conventional orthodontics.
AB  - Previous research by the authors has pointed to depressive reactions among
      orthognathic surgery patients during the fixation-removal stage and up to 9
      months later. However, less is known about emotional shifts among persons who
      choose to undergo conventional orthodontic treatment after considering surgical
      orthodontics. In the current study, a standard measure of mood states was applied
      to 90 surgical patients and 66 who had considered surgery but decided against it.
      Of these, 33 were undergoing orthodontic treatment and 33 were having no
      treatment. The mood scale and measures of personality were first applied before
      surgery and then during orthodontic treatment, just after surgery, at fixation
      removal, and 6 months after surgery. Nonsurgical respondents completed
      questionnaires at the same time as their matched surgical respondents. Scores on
      tension and fatigue increased significantly among surgical patients from before
      surgery to immediately after surgery and dropped to presurgical levels when
      fixation was removed. Anger-hostility increased at fixation removal but declined
      within 5 months. Postsurgical discomfort, pain, and paresthesia, and
      interpersonal and oral function problems were correlated with postsurgery
      emotional state. On the later questionnaires, which corresponded to the later
      periods of orthodontic treatment, patients who had opted for conventional
      orthodontic treatment reported that they experienced greater depression, anger,
      and tension. These patients may be particularly vulnerable to emotional problems
      because their orthodontic treatment may be more complex and of longer duration
      than that of the typical orthodontic patient. These results point to the
      importance of continued psychological support for both orthodontic and surgical
      patients throughout their course of treatment.

PMID- 3862346
TI  - Linear evaluation of the development of sagittal jaw relationship.
AB  - In cephalometrics both angular and linear variables have been proposed in the
      analysis of sagittal jaw relationship and jaw position. Angular measurements can
      be erroneous as a result of changes in facial height, jaw inclination, and total
      jaw prognathism; linear variables can be affected by the inclination of the
      reference line. In the present article, a method of geometric correction of
      linear analysis of sagittal jaw relationship and jaw prognathism (based on a
      standardized occlusal plane) is described. The method is applied to radiographic
      material (from King's College Hospital, London) of 33 children who, at the age of
      19, exhibited Class I occlusal patterns. While uncorrected linear measurement
      suggested stability of the sagittal jaw relationship from the age of 11 to 19
      years, the geometrically corrected value demonstrated a marked reduction in
      sagittal jaw relationship. The method is developed further to demonstrate the
      increase in jaw prognathism measured as lined parameters with origin at point
      sella, the results illustrating again the advisability of correction of geometric
      errors.

PMID- 3862347
TI  - Response to activator treatment in Class II malocclusions.
AB  - A clinical study was designed to disclose the effects of activator treatment in
      the correction of Class II malocclusions. The rationale for the use of the
      activator appliance was based on the premise that correction of distocclusion can
      be achieved by inhibition of forward growth of the maxilla, inhibition of mesial
      migration of maxillary teeth, inhibition of maxillary alveolar height increase
      and extrusion of mandibular molars, increased growth of the mandible, anterior
      relocation of the glenoid fossa, mesial movement of mandibular teeth, and
      combinations of these effects. The appliance, as designed for this study, could
      potentially have an effect on all of these factors. Measurements were obtained
      from cephalometric head films obtained at 6-month intervals. Matched-pairs
      analyses of control versus treatment change after 6 months and after 1 year of
      treatment were done on 36 and 29 pairs, respectively. Pretreatment versus
      treatment changes were analyzed on 33 subjects by means of the spline regression
      analysis; posttreatment versus treatment changes were analyzed on 18 subjects by
      means of the Student Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test. The matched-pairs
      analyses of mean values demonstrated significant reduction in forward growth of
      the maxilla, uprighting of the maxillary incisors, reduced overjet, leveling of
      the mandibular occlusal plane, improved molar relationship, downward and forward
      relocation of the glenoid fossae, increased advancement of all mandibular
      structures, increased face profile angle, and increased lower face height. The
      two longitudinal analyses yielded similar findings, but some differences were
      noted. Because rather severe dental malocclusions were corrected, the slight
      average inhibition of maxillary growth and the anterior relocation of glenoid
      fossae alone could not account for the correction of the Class II dental arch
      relationship. It was therefore concluded that, in addition to the statistically
      significant changes, smaller changes occurred in several areas without being
      consistent enough or of a large enough magnitude to become statistically
      significant in the analyses of mean values. Comparison of group averages may mask
      treatment effects that significantly contribute to the correction of
      malocclusions in individual cases.

PMID- 3862348
TI  - A reassessment of force magnitude in orthodontics.
AB  - The relationship between the force magnitude delivered by orthodontic appliances
      and the rate of orthodontic tooth movement is controversial. This paper
      critically reviews the experimental data base that has shaped this controversy
      and graphically presents four hypotheses proposed to represent the relationship
      between force magnitude and the rate of tooth movement. The clinical implications
      of each hypothesis for treatment planning and space-closing mechanics are
      discussed. The authors' analysis of the data from six heavily cited clinical
      studies in the orthodontic literature appears to support one of the four proposed
      hypotheses (No. 4, Fig. 2). Acceptance of this hypothesis leads the clinician to
      a rational approach in manipulating the final position of teeth. Anchorage can be
      conserved by means of treatment strategies that reduce stress magnitudes in the
      periodontium of the posterior teeth while maximally efficient stress is
      maintained on the anterior teeth. Appliances with low load-deflection rates and
      relatively constant moment/force ratios allow the clinician to take advantage of
      the type of tooth movement proposed in this hypothesis.

PMID- 3862349
TI  - Re: The quadrilateral analysis.

PMID- 3862350
TI  - Phorbol ester stimulation of active anion secretion in intestine.
AB  - Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) stimulates electrogenic anion secretion in rabbit
      and chicken distal ileum. The 50% effective dose in each case was 15 nM, and the
      maximal short-circuit current (Isc) responses seen at 10(-6) M were 20 and 140
      microA/cm2, respectively. Isc was also stimulated by the diacylglycerol 1-oleoyl
      2-acetyl glycerol (10(-5) M) but not by the inactive phorbol ester analogue 4
      alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate. Removal of Ca from the serosal bathing medium
      and pretreatment of tissues with atropine (10(-6) M) or tetrodotoxin (2 X 10(-7)
      M) did not affect PDB-stimulated responses. PDB also did not alter basal
      intracellular free Ca levels in isolated chicken enterocytes loaded with quin 2
      or basal adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate levels in intact tissues from
      rabbit and chicken. In the presence of PDB, Ca- and phospholipid-dependent
      phosphorylation of several proteins in particulate and soluble fractions from
      isolated chicken enterocytes were seen. Pretreatment of chicken and rabbit
      tissues with indomethacin or mepacrine inhibited the Isc responses to PDB and
      carbamylcholine, suggesting a role for prostaglandins. These results suggest that
      electrogenic anion secretion stimulated by phorbol esters and diacylglycerol may
      be mediated by activation of protein kinase C.

PMID- 3862352
TI  - Epidemiologic evaluation of screening for risk factors: application to genetic
      screening.
AB  - To assess the usefulness of screening for risk factors, we derived arithmetic
      relationships between screening parameters (sensitivity, specificity, and
      positive predictive value PPV) and risk factor frequency, disease frequency and
      relative risk. We evaluated these relationships in the special case of genetic
      markers and disease susceptibility. It can be shown that even in the face of very
      large relative risks, sensitivity and positive predictive value are affected by
      the relative magnitude of disease and genetic marker frequencies. When the
      genetic marker is less frequent than the disease, PPV increases with increasing
      relative risk but sensitivity remains low. When the genetic marker is more
      frequent than the disease, sensitivity increases with increasing relative risk
      but PPV remains low. When marker and disease frequencies are equal, both PPV and
      sensitivity increase with increasing relative risks, but very high relative risks
      (greater than 100) have to be obtained for rare diseases. Depending on the goals
      of the screening program, these relationships can be used to predict the relative
      magnitudes of false positives (low PPV) and false negatives (low sensitivity).
      This approach can be generalized to evaluate nongenetic risk factors in screening
      programs as well.

PMID- 3862353
TI  - [Safety in anesthesiology and intensive care: safety of the equipment].

PMID- 3862354
TI  - Hazard with Penlon Intermed humidifier.

PMID- 3862351
TI  - Kinin effects on electrogenic ion transport in primary cultures of pig renal
      papillary collecting tubule cells.
AB  - Confluent monolayers of pig renal papillary collecting tubule (RPCT) cells were
      formed on Millipore filters coated with collagen. They were clamped in Ussing
      type chambers and used to measure short-circuit current (SCC). The monolayers had
      low potentials (0.1 mV) with the basolateral side positive. Small inward currents
      flowed under short-circuit conditions. Increases in SCC were obtained following
      addition of a number of agents. Receptors associated with SCC changes were
      disposed as follows: for kinins (e.g., lysyl-bradykinin) they were present on
      both sides of the tissue, while those for arginine vasopressin and norepinephrine
      were present on the basolateral side only. Epithelia responded to PGE2 added to
      the apical or basolateral face of the tissue; application to one side prevented
      the response from the contralateral side. The tissues also responded to
      forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, with a sustained inward current
      that was sensitive to furosemide. Similar sustained inward currents were recorded
      following exposure to 8-bromoadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (BrcAMP).
      Responses to kinins were attenuated by inhibition of fatty acid cyclooxygenase
      with either indomethacin or piroxicam or by replacing chloride with impermeant
      ions. If the SCC was first increased with forskolin, BrcAMP, or norepinephrine,
      the kinin effects on SCC were either abolished or reversed. It is concluded that
      kinin can cause chloride secretion in RPCT monolayers, possibly via a
      prostaglandin or a prostaglandin-adenylate cyclase mechanism. Secondary effects
      of kinin, exposed by first raising tissue cAMP levels, are not precluded.

PMID- 3862355
TI  - AIDS antibody screening test.

PMID- 3862356
TI  - Abstracts of papers read at the 19th International Conference on Animal Blood
      Groups and Biochemical Polymorphisms. (Gottingen, FRG, 22-27 July 1984).

PMID- 3862357
TI  - Experimentally induced phenylbutazone toxicosis in ponies: description of the
      syndrome and its prevention with synthetic prostaglandin E2.
AB  - Phenylbutazone (PBZ) toxicosis was induced in 9 ponies to further define the
      clinical and pathologic changes occurring with this syndrome. Six additional
      ponies were treated with PBZ and a synthetic prostaglandin E2 to determine the
      role of prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of PBZ toxicosis. Ponies given only
      PBZ exhibited CNS depression, anorexia, weight loss, diarrhea, cyanotic mucous
      membranes, and oral ulcers. Total serum protein concentration gradually decreased
      during the 10-day treatment period. Marked mucosal atrophy, focal erosions, and
      ulcers characterized the lesions in the alimentary tract. Ponies given PBZ and
      prostaglandin E2 remained clinically healthy and did not develop hypoproteinemia
      or mucosal atrophy. A few erosions were seen, but ulcers were not observed. The
      results of the present study indicate that mucosal atrophy is a characteristic
      lesion of PBZ toxicosis. It is also evident that inhibition of prostaglandin
      synthesis has an important role in the development of this syndrome.

PMID- 3862358
TI  - The revised French-American-British classification of acute myeloid leukemia: is
      new better?

PMID- 3862359
TI  - Proposed revised criteria for the classification of acute myeloid leukemia. A
      report of the French-American-British Cooperative Group.

PMID- 3862360
TI  - HLA and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Singaporean Chinese.
AB  - Singaporean Chinese IDDM was significantly associated with AW33, BW58, DR3 and
      DR4. AW33, BW58 and DR3 being in strong linkage disequilibrium among the Chinese,
      were associated most strongly with IDDM whose onset was less than or equal to 10
      years. The strength of this association showed a significant inverse relationship
      with age of onset. The frequency of DR4 was significantly elevated on in the 11
      20 year IDDM group. The importance of DR3 in Chinese IDDM was also reflected in
      the observations of joint occurrences of DR antigens. In the less than or equal
      to 10 years subgroup, the significant association were either DR3/DRW9, DR3/DR4
      or DR3/BLANK. In the 11-20 years subgroup, DR4 appeared to be more important and
      DR4/DR3 and DR4/BLANK were strongly associated with IDDM in this subgroup.

PMID- 3862362
TI  - Purification and characterization of bile salt sulfotransferase from human liver.
AB  - Bile salt sulfotransferase, the enzyme responsible for the formation of bile salt
      sulfate esters, was purified extensively from normal human liver. The
      purification procedure included DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, taurocholate
      agarose affinity chromatography, and preparative isoelectrofocusing. The final
      preparation had a specific activity of 18 nmol min-1 mg protein-1, representing a
      760-fold purification from the cytosol fraction with a overall yield of 15%. The
      human enzyme has a Mr of 67,000 and a pI of 5.2. DEAE-Sephadex chromatography of
      the cytosol fraction revealed only a single species of activity. The limiting Km
      for the sulfuryl donor, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), is 0.7
      microM. The limiting Km for the sulfuryl acceptor, glycolithocholate (GLC), is 2
      microM. Reciprocal plots were intersecting. Product inhibition studies
      established that adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate (PAP) was competitive with PAPS (Ki
      = 0.2 microM) and noncompetitive with respect to GLC. GLC sulfate was competitive
      with GLC (Ki = 2.2 microM) and noncompetitive with respect to PAPS. Also, 3
      ketolithocholate, a dead-end inhibitor, was competitive with GLC (Ki = 0.6
      microM) and noncompetitive with respect to PAPS. Iso-PAP (the 2' isomer of PAP)
      was competitive with PAPS (Ki = 0.3 microM) and noncompetitive with GLC. The
      cumulative results of the steady-state kinetics experiments point to a random
      mechanism for the binding of substrates and release of products. The purified
      enzyme displays no activity toward estrone, testosterone, or phenol. Among the
      reactive substrates tested, the Vmax/Km values are in the order GLC greater than
      3-beta OH-5-cholenic acid greater than glycochenodeoxycholate greater than
      glycocholate. p-Chloromercuribenzoate inactivated the enzyme. Either PAPS or GLC
      protected against inactivation, suggesting the presence of a sulfhydryl group at
      the active site.

PMID- 3862361
TI  - Susceptibility of Legionella pneumophila to ofloxacin in vitro and in
      experimental Legionella pneumonia in guinea pigs.
AB  - The antimicrobial activity of ofloxacin was tested against 15 standard strains
      and 37 clinical and environmental strains of Legionella pneumophila by agar
      dilution susceptibility studies with a new growth medium. The ofloxacin MICs were
      inoculum dependent and ranged from 0.03 to 0.125 microgram/ml. The antibacterial
      activities of other agents tested relative to ofloxacin were rifampin greater
      than ofloxacin greater than josamycin greater than pipemidic acid. Ofloxacin, at
      concentrations equal to or greater than 0.05 microgram/ml, inhibited the growth
      of L. pneumophila grown in human monocytes. The therapeutic efficacy of ofloxacin
      in experimental guinea pig L. pneumophila pneumonia was greater than that
      observed with erythromycin or josamycin therapy; it was less effective than was
      rifampin. Ofloxacin was very active against intracellular L. pneumophila in these
      experiments and should be studied in the therapy of human Legionnaires disease.

PMID- 3862363
TI  - Isotretinoin vs etretinate therapy in generalized pustular and chronic psoriasis.
AB  - The clinical response to isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) in 11 patients with
      generalized pustular psoriasis was evaluated. Control of pustulation and systemic
      symptoms was achieved in ten cases, but additional therapy was required to
      produce complete clearing of all psoriatic lesions. Also, the efficacy of
      isotretinoin and etretinate in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis was
      compared in 29 patients. Isotretinoin was found to be less effective than
      etretinate in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis.

PMID- 3862365
TI  - Human filariasis in two forest villages in Maniema (Kivu, Zaire).

PMID- 3862364
TI  - Cutaneous xanthomas associated with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.
AB  - Monocytic leukemia may be associated with specific cutaneous changes in about a
      third of all cases, most characteristically the plum-colored nodule. Nonspecific
      cutaneous xanthomas have occasionally been reported with a variety of leukemias,
      mostly in the pediatric literature, but the first report (to our knowledge) of
      acute myelomonocytic leukemia presenting with specific cutaneous xanthomatous
      lesions appeared in 1982. Herein is reported a case of chronic myelomonocytic
      leukemia presenting with a papular histiocytic eruption, and later showing
      striking cutaneous xanthomas, together with autopsy findings. Physicians should
      be aware of this rare but important association.

PMID- 3862366
TI  - [Catamenial pneumothorax].

PMID- 3862367
TI  - Hypnotizability in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
AB  - Hypnotizability was assessed with the use of three standardized hypnosis scales
      in 86 patients with eating disorders. All diagnoses were made according to DSM
      III criteria. Sixty-five patients had anorexia nervosa and 21 had bulimia. The
      anorectic patients were divided into subgroups of 19 abstainers and 46 vomiters
      and purgers. Bulimic patients were highly hypnotizable, significantly more so
      than the patients with anorexia nervosa and age-matched populations. There was
      also a trend for the purging subgroup of anorectics to have higher hypnotic
      capacity than abstaining anorectics.

PMID- 3862368
TI  - Augmentation of human antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and mononuclear
      phagocytosis by procaine.

PMID- 3862369
TI  - [Plasma prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha levels in patients with mucocutaneous lymph
      node syndrome (Kawasaki disease) and anaphylactoid purpura].

PMID- 3862370
TI  - Accuracy of detection of the retinoblastoma gene by esterase D linkage.
AB  - The gene for hereditary retinoblastoma (Rb), an autosomal dominant trait
      localized to the long arm of chromosome 13, is linked to the locus for the enzyme
      esterase D (EsD). We analyzed a three-generation family that demonstrates
      cosegregation of alleles at the EsD locus and the Rb locus. This kindred yields a
      logarithm of the odds ratio (LOD) score of 2.46 at a recombination fraction (0)
      of 0.0. When combined with five other recently reported families, the resulting
      maximum score was 11.08 at 0 = 0.0. This combined LOD score and the lack of
      demonstrable crossovers in more than 65 individuals indicate that predictions of
      the Rb gene carrier state based on EsD genotyping are at least 90% accurate.

PMID- 3862371
TI  - Effects of oxytocin and prostaglandin F2 alpha on pregnant human myometrium
      recorded by the single sucrose-gap method--comparison of an in vitro experiment
      and an in vivo trial.

PMID- 3862372
TI  - A.D.A. list of certified products, 1985.

PMID- 3862373
TI  - Frequency distribution of children in Australia according to dental caries
      experience.

PMID- 3862374
TI  - Asymmetry of caries attack on the occlusal surfaces of first permanent molar
      teeth.

PMID- 3862375
TI  - Pattern of dental caries in 12-year-old Sydney schoolchildren.

PMID- 3862376
TI  - International Organization for Standardization. International Standard 3950
      1984(E). Dentistry--designation system for teeth and areas of the oral cavity.

PMID- 3862377
TI  - Air-polishing systems. Clinical notes no. 3.

PMID- 3862378
TI  - Focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect.

PMID- 3862379
TI  - The use of fluoride preparations in dental practice.

PMID- 3862380
TI  - Improved mouthguard design for the edentulous sportsman.

PMID- 3862381
TI  - Base-varnish interactions around amalgam restorations: spectrophotometric and
      microscopic assessment of leakage.

PMID- 3862382
TI  - A study of Streptococcus mutans levels in both infants with bottle caries and
      their mothers.

PMID- 3862383
TI  - Rat submandibular gland microvasculature following fractionated megavoltage
      irradiation.

PMID- 3862384
TI  - Value of hormone receptors in the management of breast cancer--I. Advanced breast
      cancer.
AB  - A review of 152 women with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer is
      presented. Only 32% of unselected women responded to appropriate endocrine
      therapy; 64% responded if ER was present and 71% if both ER and PR were present.
      Survival for the endocrine responders was prolonged and of good quality.
      Chemotherapy, used subsequently as initial treatment in ER negative women,
      significantly improved response rates but without a survival advantage. However,
      there was a strong clinical impression that good performance status was
      maintained until shortly before death. This data suggests therapy given according
      to hormone receptor status is of value and confirms the validity of our hormone
      receptor assays as applied to clinical practice.

PMID- 3862385
TI  - Operative fine needle aspiration cytology of pancreatic tumours.
AB  - Thirty-one patients undergoing laparotomy for tumours in the region of the
      pancreas had both fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and histological biopsy
      specimens taken to assess the accuracy of the FNAC technique. There were no false
      positive results but there were six false negative results following FNAC with
      only one false negative result of histological biopsy. However, there was
      sampling bias in favour of histology in each of the five patients with negative
      FNAC and positive histology; two had metastatic disease and three had histology
      repeated because the initial frozen section was negative. Two major complications
      may have resulted from the histological biopsy procedure. It is concluded that
      fine needle aspiration cytology is the ideal method of biopsying pancreatic
      lesions because of the inherent risk of complications following histological
      biopsy.

PMID- 3862386
TI  - Colorectal carcinoma in the young.
AB  - Four hundred and five patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma were seen over a
      five year period in the Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong. These
      patients were divided into two concurrent groups according to the age of 40.
      Thirty patients (7.4%) were below age of 40 at the time of presentation. This
      young group of patients had both a higher combined proportion of C and D tumors
      (76.6% to 50%) and a higher proportion of poorly differentiated tumours (20% to
      5.5%). The curative and palliative resections rates were similar. Life tables of
      patients who underwent curative resections showed young patients to have a
      significantly poorer overall disease-free interval as well as overall determinant
      survival. In comparing only the Dukes C patients, the young patients still showed
      a higher recurrence rate.

PMID- 3862387
TI  - Recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma--two long term disease-free remissions with
      non-cisplatinum based combination chemotherapy.
AB  - Two cases of locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma following maximal
      radiotherapy are presented. Both patients had complete resolution of disease with
      outpatient combination chemotherapy using Vincristine, Adriamycin and
      Cyclophosphamide (VAC), and are disease free, and working full time, 3 and 4
      years later, respectively. The significant relapse rate of nasopharyngeal
      carcinoma after initial radiotherapy is outlined, and the reported limitations of
      radiotherapy and chemotherapy in this situation are discussed. The survival curve
      for this disease appears to plateau at 2-3 years. This appears to be the first
      reported outpatient combination chemotherapy programme to produce long term
      disease-free remission in recurrent disease.

PMID- 3862388
TI  - Jaw wiring in the treatment of morbid obesity.
AB  - Fourteen patients originally presented with hyperphagia and intractable morbid
      obesity have had maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) applied in an effort to control
      their obesity. In 10 patients who were massively obese or considered poor risk
      candidates for surgical control of their obesity, MMF was applied with the aim of
      reducing the obesity to a level where a surgical gastric restrictive bariatric
      procedure could be safely carried out. Eight of these patients had been rejected
      for surgical control of obesity elsewhere and two were edentulous. Five of these
      patients after successful weight loss over periods from 16 to 40 weeks (mean
      percentage overweight lost 84.8, range 39-150) safely underwent a gastric
      restrictive procedure. All five patients have had continuous weight loss after
      bariatric surgery. Two patients requested removal of MMF 1 and 2 weeks after
      application. The remaining three patients, who were candidates for surgery, after
      successful weight loss over periods from 12 to 28 weeks (mean percentage of
      overweight lost 45, range 38-50) decided not to proceed with surgical control.
      All have subsequently regained the lost weight. Four originally morbidly obese
      patients, who had had a previously successful gastric restrictive procedure
      followed by weight loss, requested MMF in an effort to lose further weight. Over
      periods from 8 to 16 weeks three of the four had further weight loss (mean
      percentage of overweight lost 18.3, range 5-30). After removal of MMF all four
      patients regained some weight. In only one was there a significant maintenance of
      weight lost during MMF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3862389
TI  - Gastroplasty with reinforced greater curve stoma for morbid obesity.
AB  - Forty-four morbidly obese patients underwent gastroplasty with a transverse
      double stapled partition forming a 20-30 ml proximal gastric pouch and a 10 mm
      diameter stoma on the greater curve supported by three non-absorbable imbricating
      seromuscular inverting suture layers to form a neopylorus. All patients have been
      followed at approximately 4 weekly intervals for at least 72 weeks and all
      patients have been submitted to endoscopic assessment at the end of 1 year. There
      was no mortality and there were no major immediate postoperative complications.
      Three patients (6.8%) had inadequate weight loss (in two associated with partial
      staple line failure). The other 41 patients (93.2%) reached final weights less
      than or equal to 40% above ideal weight. Sixteen patients (36.4%) reached their
      ideal weight. Six patients (13.6%) developed stomal stenosis (two requiring re
      operation, and four requiring endoscopic dilatation).

PMID- 3862390
TI  - Pharyngocutaneous fistulae following laryngectomy.
AB  - This retrospective analysis of 100 patients revealed a postoperative
      pharyngocutaneous fistula rate of 15.3% following total laryngectomy, and 21.4%
      following partial pharyngolaryngectomy. All fistulae were benign. None resulted
      in mortality. The most significant risk factor for the development of fistulae is
      prior radiotherapy, especially high dose (greater than 5000 rads). Other factors
      include postoperative haemoglobin less than 12.0 g/dl, pyriform sinus tumour, and
      larger tumour size. Both the prior administration of radiotherapy and the site of
      the fistula opening most influence management problems.

PMID- 3862391
TI  - Fluid filled oculoplethysmography and carotid artery disease: imperfect but
      useful.
AB  - Fluid filled oculoplethysmography (OPG) is a widely used method of assessing
      carotid stenosis but it has limitations in the detection of bilateral internal
      carotid artery lesions and of external carotid artery stenoses. In this study,
      157 consecutive patients having carotid angiography and fluid filled OPG were
      assessed to determine the accuracy of the technique and define the sources of
      error. Haemodynamically significant stenosis (HDS) was defined as at least 50%
      stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Only the most severely stenosed
      side of the 35 bilateral HDS lesions was detected owing to the poor reliability
      of ear pulse delays. Eye/eye delays alone detected the most severely stenosed
      side in 82 of 98 patients with an HDS stenosis of one or both ICAs for a
      sensitivity of 84% a specificity of 71% (41/59) and accuracy of 79% (81/157). The
      measurement of ear/ear pulse delays for external carotid artery (ECA) stenosis
      had a sensitivity of only 15% (5/34). Ear/eye pulse delays detected none of the
      35 patients with bilateral HDS ICA stenosis. Bilateral equal HDS ICA stenoses
      were a significant source of error. Stenotic disease was present in the aortic
      arch and branches (five patients) or the carotid siphon (eight patients) and in
      seven cases it resulted in an incorrect localization on OPG. There was no
      diagnostic relationship between the severity of delay and the presence of total
      occlusion. Chronic local eye pathology was present in 13 patients and did not
      affect the results of the OPG. We have ceased to use ear pulse measurements for
      routine assessment but continue to use the eye/eye delays in conjunction with a
      carotid doppler imaging system.

PMID- 3862392
TI  - Inflammatory aneurysms of the abdominal aorta.
AB  - Over a 5 year period 268 abdominal aortic aneurysms were operated on, 15 of these
      (5.6%) showed the characteristic features of inflammatory aneurysms. Rupture of
      the aneurysm was an unusual method for presentation (one patient), and back and
      abdominal pain were present in 13 patients. The ESR may be of value in the pre
      operative diagnosis. Ultrasound and CT scanning can, by the detection of a peri
      aortic mass lead to confusion in the diagnosis. Two patients were initially
      diagnosed as having lymphoma. Strict adherence to the surgical principles
      outlined resulted in no mortality or significant morbidity in these 15 patients.

PMID- 3862393
TI  - Management of splenic trauma in childhood.
AB  - The management of splenic trauma at the Royal Children's Hospital from January
      1973 to January 1984 is reviewed. During the period studied there was a trend
      toward non-operative management in uncomplicated cases, and where laparotomy was
      required splenic repair rather than splenectomy was performed. Guidelines are
      given for the selection of patients who can be treated in safety without
      operation.

PMID- 3862394
TI  - Liquid gastric emptying assessed by direct and indirect techniques: radionuclide
      labelled liquid emptying compared with a simple paracetamol marker method.
AB  - Radionuclide techniques have enabled direct quantitative measurements of gastric
      emptying for solid and liquid phases of a meal. Such a technique has been used to
      validate the use of plasma paracetamol levels as a means of indirect assessment
      of liquid gastric emptying and to confirm a useful correlation exists between
      plasma and saliva paracetamol concentrations. Ten healthy volunteers underwent a
      routine gastric emptying study. The meal comprised a 100g 'hamburger' and 150 ml
      of 10% dextrose in water containing 113In and 1 g of dissolved paracetamol. The
      time taken for 50% of the liquid marker (T50) to clear the gastric region was
      assessed. Time to peak concentration of paracetamol for both saliva (C max
      saliva) and plasma (C max-plasma) was determined. A significant correlation was
      found between the time to C max-plasma and T50 (rs = 0.624, P less than 0.05) and
      also time to C max-saliva and T50 (rs = 0.573, P less than or equal to 0.05),
      confirming that paracetamol concentration in plasma and saliva reflect
      radionuclide assessed liquid emptying. A useful correlation also exists between
      time to C max-plasma and time to C max-saliva (rs = 0.84, P less than 0.01)
      permitting them to be used interchangeably. The use of time to C max-saliva to
      assess liquid gastric emptying has a number of applications.

PMID- 3862395
TI  - An orthosis for the postoperative management of first metatarsophalangeal joint
      reconstruction.

PMID- 3862396
TI  - Ileocaecal intussusception of a previously recognized Meckel's diverticulum.
AB  - A case is reported of an ileocaecal intussusception caused by a previously
      recognized Meckel's diverticulum. The case offers the opportunity to discuss the
      management of an asymptomatic Meckel's diverticulum found incidentally. The
      conclusion is reached that, in general, diverticulectomy is appropriate.

PMID- 3862397
TI  - A case of pancreatitis associated with gastrinoma.
AB  - A case is presented of a 56 year old man with a history of idiopathic
      pancreatitis and multiple admissions for Klebsiella sepsis from an intra
      abdominal focus, who in February 1980, developed spontaneous jejunal perforations
      on two occasions due to multiple ulcers in the small intestine associated with
      multiple hepatic metastases from a gastrin-secreting islet-cell tumor
      (gastrinoma) of the pancreas. On searching the literature, no other record could
      be found of an association between pancreatitis and a gastrinoma, although in
      this patient the two disease processes appear to be inextricably related.

PMID- 3862398
TI  - Surgical oncology.

PMID- 3862399
TI  - General surgery and the Humpty Dumpty syndrome. 1984 John Loewenthal lecture.

PMID- 3862400
TI  - Hydatidiform mole in Victoria: aetiology and natural history.
AB  - A retrospective study was made of 455 patients referred to the Hydatidiform Mole
      Register of the Royal Women's Hospital from 1973-1982 who fulfilled the criteria
      for diagnosis of hydatidiform mole. The incidence of hydatidiform mole was
      1:1,357 livebirths in Victoria. Age greater than 40 years (P less than 0.001),
      nulliparity (P less than 0.005) and parity greater than 4 (P less than 0.001)
      were the only predisposing factors found. An association with artificial
      insemination with donor semen was also noted (P less than 0.025). The need for
      further treatment for persistent trophoblastic activity (13.6% of patients) was
      independent of the method of evacuation employed and of gestation at evacuation.
      Only 2 cases of histologically proven postmolar choriocarcinoma occurred, one of
      which was also the only death recorded from all patients registered following a
      molar pregnancy.

PMID- 3862401
TI  - Clinical analysis of intracranial metastases in gestational choriocarcinoma: a
      series of 15 cases.
AB  - Between 1963 and 1980 we have had experience of 54 patients with gestational
      choriocarcinoma and 29 are alive, a survival rate of 53.7%. The disease had
      metastasized to the central nervous system in 15 of these 54 patients, an
      occurrence rate of cerebral metastases of 27.8%. 13 of these 15 patients have
      died and 2 are now in a state of remission. Autopsy was performed in 8 cases. The
      following points are emphasized: cases with the pulmonary disease risk
      intracranial spread; the serum/cerebrospinal fluid ratio of human chorionic
      gonadotropin concentrations and computerized tomography are recommended as useful
      investigations in the diagnosis of CNS disease; decompression surgery in patients
      with increased intracranial pressure is indispensable; radiotherapy is
      temporarily effective for brain deposits; powerful systemic chemotherapy using
      multiple anticancer drugs is suggested to be helpful both in preventing and in
      treating CNS disease.

PMID- 3862403
TI  - Culdocentesis in tubal pregnancy.
AB  - Culdocentesis was carried out in 92 suspected cases of ectopic pregnancy and was
      positive in 90%. Laparotomy confirmed the accuracy of culdocentesis in 97.5% of
      the cases of acute tubal rupture, 87.5% of tubal abortions and 80% of 'intact'
      tubal pregnancies.

PMID- 3862402
TI  - Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and fetal outcome in Tasmania 1981-82.
AB  - Analysis of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption patterns recorded in
      pregnancy could not detect a harmful effect of alcohol at levels below 2 glasses
      a day. Total abstainers fared very slightly worse than those who drank
      occasionally. Smoking was associated with lower birth-weight and a worse fetal
      outcome independent of socioeconomic status, parity, maternal age or alcohol
      consumption. There was evidence of an interaction between smoking and adverse
      social and parity factors in low birth-weight.

PMID- 3862404
TI  - Urinary voiding patterns of apparently normal women.
AB  - A survey of 886 women who considered themselves to be normal was carried out to
      determine voiding habits in the population and the prevalence of urinary
      incontinence of any degree. Eighty-eight percent voided at 3-6 hourly intervals.
      Increasing age did not affect the frequency of micturition but parturition did.
      Nocturia was present in 18% but increased with age. Thirty-two percent of the
      study group admitted to having had one or more episodes of incontinence. Having
      borne a child increased the prevalence of incontinence but increasing age did
      not. There was a small but significant occurrence of apparent sphincter weakness
      in nulliparas.

PMID- 3862405
TI  - The birthing chair in the second stage of labour.
AB  - A prospective study of 56 primigravidas was performed to assess the advantages,
      disadvantages and acceptability of the upright posture during the second stage of
      labour. Twenty-seven patients laboured in the second stage in a birthing chair,
      in an upright position. Twenty-one patients laboured in bed in the recumbent
      position and acted as controls. No difference could be found in the length of
      second stage, ease or type of delivery between the 2 groups. No differences were
      detected in the condition of the neonates between the 2 groups. This birthing
      chair was found to be an acceptable mode of delivery to most of those patients
      using it.

PMID- 3862406
TI  - Malignant sequelae of molar pregnancy in Victoria.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 455 patients with confirmed molar pregnancy,
      registered with the Hydatidiform Mole Register of the State of Victoria in the
      years 1973-1982 inclusive, treatment for persistent trophoblastic activity was
      necessary in 62 (13.6%) patients. The need for treatment was independent of
      levels of urinary chorionic gonadotrophin (UCG) excretion prior to evacuation of
      the molar pregnancy, age, parity or blood group. All patients achieved initial
      remission of UCG levels within 5 courses of treatment. Risk factors were scored
      retrospectively and patients responded poorly if therapy inappropriate to risk
      factors was given. Only 2 cases of histologically proven choriocarcinoma occurred
      and the only death recorded was in 1 of these patients.

PMID- 3862407
TI  - Alcohol in breast milk.
AB  - At fixed intervals after the ingestion of alcohol by 8 nursing mothers, sets of
      breast milk and blood samples were collected and their alcohol levels compared.
      One set of milk samples was solely hind-milk while the remainder were fore-milk
      samples. The results showed that alcohol appeared quickly in both fore- and hind
      milk at a level equivalent to or higher than the corresponding blood samples.
      Elimination of alcohol from the milk was closely related to its elimination from
      blood and was unaffected by breast feeding. However, despite this, the large
      dilution of the alcohol contained in the milk by the baby's body water renders
      the baby's resultant blood alcohol level very low in all but the most extreme
      cases.

PMID- 3862408
TI  - The care of older children when a sibling is born.
AB  - This study into the care of a child when his/her mother is hospitalized has shown
      that most care is given by the father and the grandparents. However, about 10% of
      mothers do not feel or recognize their child's need to understand why she is not
      at home, where she is, nor to visit her in hospital.

PMID- 3862409
TI  - Developmental changes in the activities of prostaglandin synthesizing enzymes in
      the digestive and immune systems of rat.
AB  - The developmental changes of prostaglandin (PG) synthesizing enzymes in the
      digestive system (stomach and small intestine) and the immune system (spleen and
      thymus) of rats were investigated. In all the digestive organs, the predominant
      PG produced from PGH2 changed at around 2 weeks after birth to another PG.
      Further, the predominant activities of PG synthesizing enzymes were different
      organ by organ in the digestive system. In the case of the immune system, only
      the activity of PGD2 synthesizing enzyme displayed a significant increase during
      development and the activities of other PG synthesizing enzymes remained
      insignificant throughout the development. These results suggest that PGs may play
      important roles during the development of each organ.

PMID- 3862410
TI  - Effect of sulfotransferase inhibitors on the 2-acetylaminofluorene-mediated
      lowering of rat liver N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene sulfotransferase activity.

PMID- 3862411
TI  - 'Destructive forms of periodontal disease in adolescents and young adults'.

PMID- 3862412
TI  - Teething troubles.

PMID- 3862413
TI  - A current view on patterns of extraction therapy in British health service
      orthodontics.

PMID- 3862414
TI  - The teaching of orthodontics to Bristol undergraduates. End of the beginning or
      beginning of the end?

PMID- 3862415
TI  - 'Negotiation of obstructed canals and bleaching of teeth'.

PMID- 3862416
TI  - 'Is antibiotic prophylaxis required for dental patients with joint
      replacements?'.

PMID- 3862417
TI  - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome presenting as recalcitrant Candida.

PMID- 3862418
TI  - Local anaesthesia in dental practice. II. A laboratory investigation of a self
      aspirating system.

PMID- 3862420
TI  - 'A comparison of fibreoptic transillumination with bitewing radiographs'.

PMID- 3862419
TI  - 'Some Asian communities in the UK and their culture'.

PMID- 3862421
TI  - Clinical assessment of cases of tooth surface loss.

PMID- 3862422
TI  - The effectiveness of oral diazepam in anxious child dental patients.

PMID- 3862423
TI  - Adult attitudes to dentistry among dental attenders in South Wales.

PMID- 3862424
TI  - Computers in the dental surgery: the patients' views.

PMID- 3862425
TI  - Extramedullary presentation of the blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukaemia.
AB  - We report the clinical histories and a multiparameter pathological study of the
      extramedullary lesions of seven patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia in
      whom the initial clinical presentation of blast crisis (BC) was in an
      extramedullary site (lymph nodes in six, mandibular mass in one). Bone marrow BC
      was demonstrated simultaneously or within a few months in four patients. Three
      patients received chemotherapy only, four underwent bone marrow transplant. Six
      patients died within 1 year from diagnosis of extramedullary BC, one is alive
      without disease. The longest survivals (12+, 12, 11 months) were those of
      patients who never developed bone marrow BC and were recipients of bone marrow
      transplant. Studies of extramedullary disease included: histology; histochemistry
      for chloracetate esterase (CAE) and lysozyme; assays for TdT; electron
      microscopy; immunofluorescence for Fc-receptors, immunoglobulins and lymphoid and
      myeloid antigens by a panel of monoclonal antibodies; and cytogenetics. Three
      cases were classified as myeloid BC based on histochemistry and/or ultrastructure
      and immunology (OKM1+, MCS2+, IG10+); two as lymphoid BC (CAE-, lysozyme-, TdT+),
      one of them expressing a T-cell phenotype. Cytogenetic analysis of extramedullary
      lesions and simultaneous or subsequent bone marrows demonstrated identical
      karyotypes in three patients and significantly different karyotypes in one.

PMID- 3862426
TI  - Myometrial activity in first trimester human pregnancy after Epostane therapy.
      Effect of intravenous oxytocin.
AB  - The effect on myometrial activity of Epostane, a competitive inhibitor of the 3
      beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase enzyme system (3 beta-HSD) has been studied in
      20 women awaiting termination of pregnancy. The women were randomly allocated by
      a double-blind procedure into two groups. In the Epostane-treated group there
      were significant falls in serum progesterone and oestradiol concentrations after
      3 days of treatment. The placebo-treated group showed a small but significant
      decline in serum progesterone concentration. Insertion of an intrauterine balloon
      catheter for pressure measurements produced significantly greater uterine
      activity in the Epostane-treated group. The oxytocin response was variable and
      there was no significant difference between the two groups. A small rise in the
      peripheral plasma concentration of a prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite (PGFM) was
      observed in the placebo group following oxytocin injection. There was a
      significant inverse correlation between post treatment progesterone values and
      uterine activity. Epostane appears to sensitize the myometrium to endogenous
      oxytocics and this probably results from progesterone 'withdrawal'. This effect
      may prove useful in potentiating the action of exogenous myometrial stimulants,
      such as prostaglandins, and may have a role in the termination of early
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3862427
TI  - Interruption of first trimester human pregnancy following Epostane therapy.
      Effect of prostaglandin E2 pessaries.
AB  - The effect of Epostane, a competitive inhibitor of the 3 beta hydroxy steroid
      dehydrogenase enzyme system in combination with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) for
      induction of abortion in early first trimester pregnancy has been studied in a
      group of 20 women awaiting termination of pregnancy. The women were consecutively
      assigned to four treatment groups. The first group was treated with PGE2 alone,
      administered vaginally as a lipid based (Witepsol) pessary. The remaining three
      groups received Epostane at differing doses for 5 days, and were treated with
      PGE2 on the fourth day. Significant falls in serum progesterone and oestradiol
      occurred in the Epostane-treated patients. Abortion was induced in one of the
      five control patients and in three of 10 patients treated with low doses (300-400
      mg) of Epostane. Intrauterine pressure monitoring showed an increased reactivity
      to PGE2 in the treated groups. At the highest dose (600 mg) of Epostane, serum
      progesterone and oestradiol showed the greatest decline to 8% and 21% of the
      pretreatment values, a prompt and sustained pressure response occurred to PGE2
      and abortion was induced in all five patients. A critical degree of progesterone
      suppression appears to sensitize the myometrium to exogenous prostaglandin. This
      combined treatment is an effective method of early pregnancy termination and may
      have a role in the management of mid-trimester abortion.

PMID- 3862428
TI  - Release of iron from the two iron-binding sites of transferrin by cultured human
      cells: modulation by methylamine.
AB  - We have investigated the effect of increasing concentrations of methylamine (5,
      10, and 25 mM) on the removal of iron from the two iron-binding sites of
      transferrin during endocytosis by human erythroleukemia (K562) cells. The
      molecular forms of transferrin released from the cells were analyzed by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 6 M urea. Endocytosis of diferric
      transferrin was efficient since greater than 10% of surface-bound protein escaped
      endocytosis and was released in the diferric form. Although transferrin
      exocytosed from control cells had been depleted of 80% of its iron and contained
      65-70% apotransferrin, iron-bearing species were also released (15% C-terminal
      monoferric; 10% N-terminal; 10% diferric). The ratio of the two monoferric
      species (C/N) was 1.32 +/- 0.12 (mean +/- SD; n = 4), suggesting that iron in the
      N-terminal site was more accessible to cells. In the presence of methylamine
      there was a concentration-dependent increase in the proportion of diferric
      transferrin release (less than 80% at 25 mM) and a concomitant decrease in
      apotransferrin. Small amounts of the iron-depleted species, especially
      apotransferrin, appeared before diferric transferrin, suggesting that these were
      preferentially released from the cells. The discrepancy between the proportions
      of the monoferric transferrin species noted with control cells was enhanced at
      all concentrations of methylamine, most markedly at 10 mM when the C/N ratio was
      2.4. The N-terminal site of transferrin loses its iron at a higher pH than the C
      terminal site, and so by progressively perturbing the pH of the endocytic vesicle
      we have increased the difference between the two sites observed with control
      cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3862429
TI  - Anthracycline antibiotic reduction by spinach ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase and
      ferredoxin.
AB  - Spinach NADPH:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.7.1) catalyzes the NADPH
      dependent reduction of the anthracyclines daunomycin, aclacinomycin A, and
      nogalamycin and their respective 7-deoxyanthracyclinones. Under anaerobic
      conditions, the endogenous rate of O2 reduction by NADPH catalyzed by ferredoxin
      reductase (0.12 s-1 at pH 7.4) is augmented by the anthracyclines and 7
      deoxyanthracyclinones. The catalytic constants are approximately equivalent for
      this augmentation for all substrates (approximate V of 2 s-1 and KM of 75
      microM). Both O2- and H2O2 are made. Under anaerobic conditions, anthracycline
      reduction catalyzed by ferredoxin reductase results in the elimination of the C-7
      substituent to provide a quinone methide intermediate. Following tautomerization
      by C-7 protonation, 7-deoxyanthracyclinones are obtained. Under appropriate
      conditions these may be further reduced to the 7-deoxyanthracyclinone
      hydroquinones. For daunomycin, the quinone methide is formed rapidly after
      reduction and is easily monitored at 600 nm. It may react with electrophiles
      other than H+, as demonstrated by its competitive trapping by p
      carboxybenzaldehyde. It may also react with nucleophiles, as demonstrated by its
      competitive trapping by N-acetylcysteine. For aclacinomycin, quinone methide
      formation is also rapid although no distinct transient near 600 nm occurs. In
      addition to protonation, it reacts with itself providing the 7,7'-dimer. With
      ethyl xanthate as a thiolate nucleophile, adducts derived from addition to C-7
      are obtained. For nogalamycin, quinone methide formation is not rapid.
      Nogalamycin is reduced to its hydroquinone, which slowly converts in a first
      order process [k = (1.2 +/- 0.2) X 10(-3) s-1, pH 8.0, 30 degrees C] to the
      quinone methide, which is then quenched by protonation. Spinach ferredoxin in its
      reduced form is chemically competent for anthracycline reduction. Its effect on
      both the aerobic and anaerobic reactions catalyzed by ferredoxin reductase is to
      increase severalfold the overall velocity for anthracycline reduction. In
      conclusion, the aerobic reaction pathways for the anthracyclines as mediated by
      ferredoxin reductase are remarkably similar, while the anaerobic reactions are
      remarkably different. If these anthracyclines exert their antitumor activity by a
      common anaerobic pathway, it is most likely that the pathway is determined by the
      properties of the anthracycline as complexed to its in vivo target. The behavior
      of ferredoxin further suggests that not only low-potential flavin centers but
      also iron-sulfur centers should be regarded as important loci for anthracycline
      reductive activation.

PMID- 3862430
TI  - Effect of the antiglucocorticoid agent RU 38486 on the dexamethasone inhibition
      of Friend cell differentiation.
AB  - Glucocorticoid hormones are known to inhibit the erythroid differentiation of
      Friend cells. The mechanism of action of these hormones has been questioned, and
      results suggesting an action not involving the nuclear binding of the receptors
      have been published. We have used the antiglucocorticoid RU 38486 to block the
      inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on the induced differentiation of Friend
      cells. Our results strongly suggest a glucocorticoid action involving the binding
      of classical receptors to the cell nucleus.

PMID- 3862431
TI  - Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and the neurological basis of obsessions and
      compulsions.
AB  - Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a chronic neurological disorder
      manifested by involuntary motor tics and vocalizations. Many GTS patients also
      suffer from obsessions and compulsions. The clinical similarities between GTS and
      obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), their occurrence among members of the same
      families, and the fact that both can be observed as symptoms of known basal
      ganglia disturbances suggest that GTS and OCD share common neurological
      mechanisms. It is hypothesized that the tics and vocalizations of GTS are
      aberrant manifestations of simple motor programs that are spontaneously generated
      by the basal ganglia and that obsessions and compulsions represent more complex
      motor plans initiated by similar anomalous activities.

PMID- 3862432
TI  - The differentiation of HL-60 cells in the synthetic medium induced by GM3
      ganglioside.
AB  - GM3 ganglioside, added exogenously to a promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60
      cells) in serum-free synthetic medium, induced differentiation into macrophage
      like cells. Macrophagic morphology and function of differentiation-induced cells
      were determined by cell growth behavior, May-Grunwald-Giemsa staining, activities
      of nonspecific esterase, phagocytosis and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction.
      GM3 ganglioside may play a role in triggering differentiation of HL-60 cells into
      macrophage-like cells.

PMID- 3862433
TI  - [Separation of the transforming growth factor from cells of murine sarcoma
      induced by polymeric film].
AB  - Use was made of the cell line PS-103 induced by subcutaneous implantation of
      plastic film to CBA mice. The conditioned medium from PS-103 was shown to
      stimulate anchorage independence of PS-103 itself and several pseudonormal cells:
      NRK and NIH/3T3. The peak of the colony-stimulating activity after gel filtration
      was displayed by fractions with a molecular weight of 15 000, which were acid-
      and heat-resistant. All those characteristics correlated with the traits of the
      transforming growth factors (TGF). The significance of the TGF for carcinogenesis
      induced by plastic films is discussed.

PMID- 3862434
TI  - Serum lactic dehydrogenase level has prognostic value in childhood acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured at diagnosis in 293
      children with "standard-risk" acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to determine the
      prognostic value of this biologic feature. Standard risk assignment was based on
      an initial leukocyte count of less than 100 X 10(9)/L, the absence of a
      mediastinal mass, the absence of meningeal involvement, and the presence of
      lymphoblasts lacking sheep erythrocyte receptors or surface immunoglobulin. Serum
      LDH levels ranged from 97 to 6,595 U/L, with a mean of 547 U/L. Higher LDH levels
      were associated with higher leukocyte counts, lower blast cell DNA indices, lower
      platelet counts, a larger spleen size, and nonwhite race. LDH levels were not
      related to the percentage of marrow S-phase cells, liver size, French-American
      British (FAB) classification, hemoglobin levels, age, sex, or the presence of the
      common ALL antigen on marrow blasts. Patients with the highest LDH levels
      (greater than 1,000 U/L) were most likely to fail treatment, whereas those with
      the lowest levels (less than 300 U/L) had the lowest risk of failure (P less than
      .0001). The prognostic significance of serum LDH level was retained in a subset
      of patients that included only those with leukocyte counts less than 25 X 10(9)/L
      (P = .0018). When 11 presenting characteristics were subjected to multivariate
      analysis, serum LDH level was found to have independent prognostic strength,
      contributing clinically important information to that gained from leukocyte
      count. Early measurement of serum LDH could be useful in identifying a group of
      standard-risk ALL patients with a high relapse hazard.

PMID- 3862435
TI  - Differential protection of normal and malignant human myeloid progenitors (CFU
      GM) from Ara-C toxicity using cycloheximide.
AB  - Cycloheximide, a reversible protein synthesis inhibitor, is thought to block DNA
      replication in normal cells by preventing synthesis of a labile protein. In
      animal systems, cycloheximide protects normal cells from cytotoxic S-phase
      specific agents, such as cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). Malignant cells appear not
      to be susceptible to cycloheximide-induced cycle arrest and, subsequently, may
      not be protected from Ara-C cytotoxicity. The effect of cycloheximide on
      granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) after in vitro Ara-C exposure was
      examined using normal human bone marrow, malignant progenitors from patients with
      chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and clonogenic cells from the human acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia cell lines HL-60 and KG-1. Mononuclear or clonogenic
      cells were incubated for one hour with cycloheximide, followed by the addition,
      for three or 17 hours, of Ara-C before being plated in a methylcellulose culture
      system. CFU-GM survival was significantly increase if normal cells were treated
      with cycloheximide before Ara-C exposure. Similar cycloheximide pretreatment of
      CML progenitors and clonogenic HL-60 and KG-1 cells failed to protect CFU-GM from
      Ara-C-induced cytotoxicity.

PMID- 3862436
TI  - Altered glycosaminoglycan production by HL-60 cells treated with 4
      methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside.
AB  - Glycosaminoglycans, mainly chondroitin 4-sulfate, are located in the primary
      granules of human myeloid cells. These polyanionic carbohydrates are believed to
      play an important role in leukocyte maturation and function. To study the effect
      of altered chondroitin sulfate metabolism on human promyelocytic leukemia cells,
      we have treated HL-60 cells with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside. beta-D
      Xylosides initiate the synthesis of free chondroitin sulfate chains. Cytochemical
      studies of treated cells demonstrated a marked increase in cytoplasmic granules
      stained with cationic dyes. This was confirmed by radiolabeled precursor
      incorporation studies that demonstrated a 344% increase in 35S-sulfate uptake
      into glycosaminoglycans associated with the cells and a 39% increase in
      incorporation into glycosaminoglycans released into the media. Chromatographic
      analyses of these glycosaminoglycans from treated cells demonstrated that the
      newly formed chondroitin sulfate chains were not attached to protein core and
      were of shorter length, but of greater charge density than chondroitin sulfate
      produced by control cells. Thus, beta-D-xyloside appears to alter the protein
      linkage, chain length, and sulfation of chondroitin sulfate produced by HL-60
      cells, and these changes are morphologically evident. These biochemically altered
      cells may provide important information concerning the role of these
      macromolecules in myeloid development.

PMID- 3862437
TI  - Evidence for clonal development of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - To determine whether acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a clonal disease and
      to define the pattern of differentiation shown by the involved progenitor cells,
      we studied the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) types in the cells of 19
      girls heterozygous for this X chromosome-linked enzyme. Lymphoblast
      immunophenotypes were those of HLA-DR+, CALLA+ ALL (six patients); HLA-DR+, CALLA
      ALL (four patients); pre-B cell ALL (two patients); T cell ALL (four patients);
      and undefined ALL (three patients). Malignant blast cells at diagnosis from ten
      patients displayed a single G6PD type, indicative of clonal disease. In contrast,
      both A and B G6PD in ratios similar to those found in skin were observed in
      morphologically normal blood cells from the same patients. The leukemic cells of
      three patients were examined at both diagnosis and relapse; in each instance the
      same G6PD type was found, consistent with regrowth of the original leukemic clone
      at relapse. Results of studies of cells from nine additional patients tested only
      at relapse were similar. Our results indicate that childhood ALL is a clonally
      derived disease involving progenitor cells with differentiation expression
      detected only in the lymphoid lineage.

PMID- 3862438
TI  - Relationship of mitochondrial membrane potential to hemoglobin synthesis during
      Friend cell maturation.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that exposure to imidazole dissociates hemoglobin
      synthesis from other aspects of cell maturation in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)
      treated mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. In the present study, we have found
      that imidazole causes hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane in MEL
      cells exposed to DMSO, in contrast to the depolarization observed with DMSO
      alone. Like the defect in hemoglobin synthesis, membrane hyperpolarization is
      reversible upon removal of imidazole and incubation of cells with DMSO alone.
      These correlations suggest that alterations in the electrostatic properties of
      the mitochondrial membrane, due directly or indirectly to the effects of
      imidazole, interfere with heme synthesis but not with other aspects of the
      maturation process in these developing erythroid cells.

PMID- 3862439
TI  - Endodontics--a perspective.

PMID- 3862440
TI  - The geriatric medical education imperative.

PMID- 3862441
TI  - The Institute of Medicine Report on Aging and Medical Education--1984 update.

PMID- 3862443
TI  - Medical education in geriatrics: ethical and social concerns.

PMID- 3862442
TI  - Education in the care of the elderly.

PMID- 3862444
TI  - The role of nonphysicians in the training of physicians.

PMID- 3862445
TI  - Biomedical research training as an apotheosis for geriatric education, with
      comments on the dogma of geriatrics and cost containment.

PMID- 3862446
TI  - Education in the clinical years: delusion or reality.

PMID- 3862447
TI  - Residency training in geriatric medicine--1984.

PMID- 3862448
TI  - Fellowships in geriatrics.

PMID- 3862449
TI  - Continuing medical education and geriatrics.

PMID- 3862450
TI  - Geriatric medical education imperative.

PMID- 3862451
TI  - Educating for caring.

PMID- 3862452
TI  - Statement on geriatric medical education.

PMID- 3862453
TI  - Preventive medicine in the aged.

PMID- 3862454
TI  - Statement on resuscitative intervention for patients who have suffered in
      hospital cardiopulmonary arrest: the issue of Do Not Resuscitate orders.

PMID- 3862455
TI  - Report of the Subcommittee on Professional Medical Conduct in New York State.

PMID- 3862456
TI  - Benign nerve tumors of the upper extremity.

PMID- 3862457
TI  - New concepts in suture selection and technical approaches in gynecological
      surgery.

PMID- 3862458
TI  - The management of neck nodes in head and neck cancer: a surgeon's view.

PMID- 3862459
TI  - Intracranial pressure changes during infusions of verapamil as compared with
      sodium nitroprusside.

PMID- 3862461
TI  - HLA and genetic marker studies in adenomatous polyposis.

PMID- 3862460
TI  - Modification of dyskinesias following the intrastriatal injection of
      prostaglandins in the rodent.
AB  - The abilities of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), PGE2, PGD2 and PGF2 alpha to antagonize
      striatal dopamine function were assessed following bilateral and unilateral
      injections into the striata of the rat and guinea-pig. Three tests were used to
      assess the effects of the bilateral injections, ability to antagonize dyskinetic
      biting induced by 2-di-n-propylamino-5,6-dihydroxytetralin (0.025 mg kg-1 s.c.),
      ability to antagonize stereotyped behaviour induced by apomorphine (0.5 or 2 mg
      kg-1 s.c.) and ability to induce catalepsy. Asymmetry/circling behaviour revealed
      on challenge with apomorphine (0.25 mg kg-1 s.c.) was measured following
      unilateral injection into the striatum. In the rat, dyskinetic biting induced by
      2-di-n-propylamino-5,6-dihydroxytetralin was antagonized by PGE1 (0.001-1
      micrograms) and PGE2 (0.00001-1 micrograms) but not by PGD2 or PGF2 alpha (1
      microgram). Stereotyped behaviour induced by apomorphine was not antagonized by
      any of the prostaglandins. A weak catalepsy was induced by PGE1 (1 microgram
      only), PGE2 (0.001-1 micrograms) and PGD2 (0.001-1 micrograms) but not by PGF2
      alpha. Asymmetry and circling behaviour was only observed following the
      unilateral injection into the striatum of PGE1 and PGD2 (0.01-1 microgram) and
      challenge with apomorphine. In the guinea-pig the actions of PGE1 and E2 were
      compared with those of PGF2 alpha. Dyskinetic biting induced by 2-di-n
      propylamino-5,6-dihydroxytetralin was antagonized by bilateral injections into
      the striatum of PGE2 (0.001-1 microgram), but not PGE1 (0.5 micrograms) and PGF2
      alpha (1 microgram) but not PGE, (0.5 micrograms) and PGF2 alpha (1 microgram).
      Similar injections of PGE1, E2 and F2 alpha, all failed to antagonize apomorphine
      induced stereotyped behaviour, or to induce catalepsy. PGE, (0.01-0.5 fig) and
      PGE2 (0.002-1 pg), but not PGF2 alpha, caused asymmetry following unilateral
      injection into the striatum and peripheral challenge with apomorphine. 5 It is
      concluded that the major effect in the striatum of the prostaglandins of the E
      series is to antagonize dyskinetic biting; this action is not shared by other
      prostaglandins tested, and does not reflect a generalised ability to antagonize
      striatal dopamine function. It is suggested that the actions of the
      prostaglandins to modify differentially dopamine-dependent behaviours from the
      striatum may reflect activity at a site subsequent to the dopamine receptor.

PMID- 3862462
TI  - ACh and 5-HT stimulated thermogenesis at different core temperatures in the He
      Cold hypothermic hamster.
AB  - Hamsters in deep experimentally induced hypothermia, at body temperatures between
      7 degrees C and 11.5 degrees C, were microinjected with 5-HT and ACh at brain
      sites in the anterior-preoptic area of the hypothalamus (AH/POA). ACh or 5-HT was
      injected into an AH/POA site at different starting core temperatures in different
      groups of hypothermic hamsters. Colonic temperatures (Tc) were maintained,
      following He-Cold induction, in a temperature controlled environmental chamber
      and measured with a YSI thermister probe and YSI telethermometer. Injections of
      either 5-HT or ACh at Tc's between 7.0 degrees C and 9.0 degrees C elicited only
      modest increases in Tc i.e., 0.3 degrees C--0.6 degrees C, respectively. As Tc
      increased, however, to ranges between 9.1 degrees C--10.0 degrees C and in
      different animals to greater than 10 degrees C both ACh and 5-HT at the same
      sites elicited significant increases in Tc, 1.5 degrees C for 5-HT and 2.2
      degrees C for ACh compared to saline injections. These data suggest that at the
      lowest Tc's we are observing a "cold block" of temperature sensitive sites in the
      AH/POA. Increasing the starting Tc beyond 9.0 degrees C however, evokes
      significant increases in heat-gain following AH/POA injection of either ACh or 5
      HT. These data are consistent with Myers' observations concerning the
      organization of heat-gain mechanisms at AH/POA sites. In addition, they suggest
      that both the afferent limb of the heat-gain circuit (5-HT) and the efferent limb
      of the circuit (ACh) are functionally impaired when Tc is close to the
      physiological limit in the He-Cold hypothermic hamster.

PMID- 3862463
TI  - Computerized tomography scan findings in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia
      treated with three different methods of central nervous system prophylaxis.
AB  - Computerized tomography (CT) scans of the head were done on 93 children with
      acute lymphocytic leukemia in continuous complete remission who had been randomly
      assigned to three different methods. of central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis.
      Twenty-nine children had received six doses of intrathecal methotrexate, 30 had
      received six doses of intrathecal methotrexate plus 2400 rad of cranial
      irradiation, and 34 had received six doses of intrathecal methotrexate plus three
      courses of intermediate-dose intravenous methotrexate. The overall incidence of
      abnormal scans was 35%, of which 91% were felt to represent minimal
      abnormalities. CT scan abnormalities were noted in 30% of the children receiving
      intrathecal methotrexate only, in 40% of those receiving intrathecal methotrexate
      plus cranial irradiation, and in 35% of those receiving intrathecal methotrexate
      plus intermediate dose methotrexate. These differences were not statistically
      significant. None of the three methods of CNS prophylaxis resulted in significant
      CT scan abnormalities. However, the few moderately or markedly abnormal scans
      evaluated were restricted to patients who received intrathecal methotrexate plus
      cranial irradiation. The clinical significance of CT scan abnormalities in
      leukemic children receiving these treatments remains unclear.

PMID- 3862464
TI  - Adriamycin induced resistance of sensitive K 562 cells to natural killer
      lymphocyte attack.
AB  - The effect of Adriamycin (ADM) on erythroleukaemia K 562 cell susceptibility to
      human natural killer (NK) cell activity has been studied. When cultivated for 3
      days in the presence of 10 to 40 nM ADM, K 562 cells decreased their
      susceptibility to NK-mediated lysis in a dose-dependent fashion. At a
      concentration of 40 nM, previously found to induce optimal differentiation
      associated properties in K 562 cells, the induced resistance to NK-mediated lysis
      increased progressively from day 1 to day 3 of culture. ADM treatment did not
      induce K 562 cells to release factors which interfered with NK activity since
      supernatants from ADM-treated K 562 cell cultures caused no significant
      modification in the NK lytic process. Binding to NK of ADM-treated K 562 cells
      was unaffected since treated and untreated cells had identical capacities in a
      conjugate-forming cell assay or adsorption of NK cells on target cell monolayers.
      In cold target competition assays ADM-treated K 562 cells acted as more effective
      competitors than untreated K 562 cells. These observations imply that the reduced
      killing of the ADM-treated K 562 cells was independent of target-NK cell
      recognition, and suggest that ADM treatment could allow malignant cells to escape
      NK surveillance.

PMID- 3862465
TI  - Prognostic implications of blast cell morphology in childhood acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia: a report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group.
AB  - The Childrens Cancer Study Group (CCSG) has evaluated French-American-British
      (FAB) morphology in newly diagnosed children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
      (ALL) since 1975. A modification of the FAB system was used in which individual
      lymphoblast cells were scored and designated as either L1 or L2 on the basis of
      distinctive morphologic characteristics. L1 ALL was defined as less than 10% L2
      cells and greater than 90% L1 cells; L2 ALL was defined as greater than or equal
      to 10% L2 cells and less than 90% L1 cells. FAB morphology was an independent
      predictor of overall survival (P = 0.02) in CCSG-141 and a highly significant
      predictor of successful induction of complete remission and event-free survival
      in the CCSG-160 series (P = 0.00001). These studies involved nearly 3900
      patients. Two concordance studies have been performed. In the first (1981) study,
      overall concordance between the FAB reference laboratory and member institutions
      was 76% using a two-category system (L1, non-L1), 86% for L1 cases, and 47% for
      non-L1 cases. In the second (1984) concordance study, the use of more stringent,
      semiquantitative definitions of L1 and L2 lymphoblasts did not improve overall
      (75%), L1 (89%), or non-L1 (46%) concordance. The results of reference laboratory
      classification more powerfully predicted event-free survival than did member
      institutions (P = 0.016 vs P = 0.125). Quality control factors (slide
      preparation, cellularity, staining quality, and discipline of the reviewer) did
      not influence concordance. These results justify the continued assignment of
      patients to protocols of the CCSG-100 series on the basis of the modified FAB
      classification. The biological significance of the FAB morphologic variants
      remains to be determined.

PMID- 3862466
TI  - Modification of the release rate of aclarubicin from polylactic acid microspheres
      by using additives.

PMID- 3862467
TI  - Extended wear aphakic contact lens fitting in high-risk patients.

PMID- 3862468
TI  - Bacterial keratitis associated with extended wear soft contact lenses.

PMID- 3862469
TI  - A simple detection of sialic acid storage disorders by urinary 'free' and 'total'
      sialic acid determinations.

PMID- 3862470
TI  - Quantitation of HLA-DR expression by cells involved in the skin lesions of
      tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy.
AB  - A method is described which can be used to quantitate class II MHC antigens (HLA
      DR) expressed by cells within tissue sections. A mouse anti-human HLA-DR
      monoclonal antibody is directly conjugated to the fungal enzyme glucose oxidase.
      The enzyme, in the presence of its substrate can be used to reduce tetrazolium
      salts to insoluble coloured formazans. The coloured reaction product is
      proportional to the amount of antigen and can be eluted from cells and measured
      spectrophotometrically. The application of this technique to a study of the
      expression of HLA-DR antigens, functionally significant molecules, by mononuclear
      cells in the cutaneous lesions of leprosy, is described. When a quantitative
      measure of the HLA-DR expression was related to the area of the granulomata,
      significant differences in the HLA-DR expression by cells in the infiltrates
      associated with lesions of tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy were observed.

PMID- 3862471
TI  - [Intraoperative location of the tooth root apex with an endodontic cold light].

PMID- 3862472
TI  - [The question of hepatic tolerance to ultracaine with special reference to
      porphyria].

PMID- 3862473
TI  - [Total one-stage fronto-facial advancement in early infancy for the treatment of
      postnatal asphyxia in Apert's syndrome].

PMID- 3862474
TI  - [Professional socialization of patients with cleft lip, cleft lip and alveolus,
      cleft lip, alveolus and palate as well as their fathers].

PMID- 3862475
TI  - [Occurrence and prevention of residual clefts in the surgical treatment of
      patients with cleft lip, alveolus, palate and velum].

PMID- 3862476
TI  - [One-stage single-layer closure of the hard palate with a cranial-pedicled vomer
      flap in bilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate patients].

PMID- 3862477
TI  - [Experiences with Reichert's corrective surgery for protruding ears].

PMID- 3862478
TI  - [Modified Grimm-Johanson surgery for lower lip reconstruction].

PMID- 3862479
TI  - [Masseter muscle hypertrophy. A histochemical study].

PMID- 3862480
TI  - [Malignancy in the maxillofacial region in alcohol consumption and nicotine use].

PMID- 3862481
TI  - [Trichinosis. Detection of trichina in the pterygoid muscle].

PMID- 3862482
TI  - [Interstitial radiotherapy of maxillofacial tumors with iridium-192 and iodine
      125].

PMID- 3862483
TI  - [Treatment results after radiotherapy of primary malignant mandibular tumors].

PMID- 3862484
TI  - [Simultaneous indirect lymphography of the maxillofacial area using an aqueous
      contrast medium].

PMID- 3862485
TI  - [Local treatment of bone infections with gentamicin-PMMA minichains in
      maxillofacial surgery. A clinical and pharmacokinetic study].

PMID- 3862486
TI  - Studies on thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2 production in the course of murine
      autoimmune disease: inhibition by oral histidine and zinc supplementation.
AB  - Synthesis of both prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 in liver and kidney tissue
      of NZB/W F1 hybrid mice was found to increase with advancing age. The rise in
      prostanoid generation coincided with the appearance and progression of the
      spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like disorders seen in these mice.
      Substitution of a diet supplemented with histidine (50 g kg-1 dry weight) and/or
      zinc (160 mg kg-1 dry weight) suppressed the autoimmune disease associated
      increase in prostanoid generation. The parent NZB and NZW strains also revealed
      an age-dependent increase in prostanoid synthesis whereas no age-related changes
      of tissue prostanoid generation were seen in healthy DBA-2 and C57-BL/6 control
      mice. In a previous study [Schwerdtfeger et al. 1980] a protective effect of
      histidine and/or zinc on the course of SLE-like disease in NZB/W F1 mice was
      reported. The current work suggests that this effect may in part have been
      mediated by the modulation of cellular arachidonic acid metabolism. The proposal
      that prostanoids are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease in NZB/W
      F1 mice is supported by these results.

PMID- 3862487
TI  - Gallium67 scintigraphy in the diagnosis of acute renal disease.
AB  - 67Ga scintigraphy was performed in 44 patients with various biopsy proven forms
      of renal disease and in a further 64 patients, some with clinically diagnosed
      renal disease and some with non-renal disorders. Renal uptake of gallium at 48
      hours was graded by two blinded observers and by tissue ratios determined by
      computer. All 11 patients with biopsy proven acute drug-induced interstitial
      nephritis demonstrated intense, diffuse, bilateral renal 67Ga uptake, a
      phenomenon observed in only five of the other 30 patients with biopsy proven
      renal disease and in four of the 64 patients with clinical diagnoses only. No
      patient with acute tubular necrosis demonstrated significant renal gallium
      uptake. It is suggested that 67Ga scintigraphy is an excellent screening test for
      the presence of acute interstitial nephritis and helps to identify which patients
      with unexplained acute renal failure require renal biopsy.

PMID- 3862488
TI  - Nephropathy in Cameroon: evidence for filarial derived immune-complex
      pathogenesis in some cases.
AB  - This study was carried out in two parts. Part 1 consisted of an epidemiological
      survey of 1011 subjects aged 3-65 yrs from 2 adjoining villages hyper-endemic for
      Onchocerciasis and 890 subjects in a control area, relatively free from this
      infection but otherwise with a similar parasitological profile. There was a
      significantly higher prevalence of proteinuria in subjects from the onchocercal
      zone than in controls (observed difference greater than 5 1/2 times its standard
      error). Part 2 comprised detailed investigations, including renal biopsy, of 63
      consecutive patients admitted into hospital with severe proteinuria and/or renal
      failure from a caption area extending into the onchocercal zone. There were a
      variety of causative factors, but in 9 cases filarial antigen was demonstrable in
      the immune-complex deposits in the kidney. A plenum of renal histopathological
      changes were seen in patients with onchocerciasis. The significance of these
      findings is discussed.

PMID- 3862489
TI  - Relationship of macrophage content, immunogenicity, and metastatic potential of a
      murine osteosarcoma of recent origin.
AB  - The purpose of these studies was to determine whether the high macrophage content
      (greater than 50 per cent) of the 90Sr-induced osteogenic sarcoma J (Os-J) of
      recent origin correlated with its immunogenicity or low metastatic potential.
      Cloning experiments demonstrated that the Os-J tumor is heterogeneous with regard
      to the production of experimental pulmonary metastases. Immunization-challenge
      studies in syngeneic mice and comparisons of tumor growth in normal or nude mice
      established that the slow growing Os-J tumor is poorly immunogenic. In vitro
      studies demonstrated that the Os-J tumor is highly susceptible to macrophages
      mediated lysis. This may explain the slow growth of the tumor in normal
      recipients with an intact mononuclear phagocyte system, as compared with the more
      rapid emergence of tumors in macrophage-suppressed mice. However, spontaneous
      metastases of the Os-J tumor were not observed either in normal or macrophage
      suppressed mice. Although a high macrophage infiltration of neoplasms could slow
      tumor growth, this was not associated with the immunogenicity of the neoplasm and
      did not appear to limit the spontaneous metastasis of this essentially benign
      neoplasm.

PMID- 3862490
TI  - Kinetic analysis of cloning patterns by human marrow cells in leukemia.
AB  - In leukemia and preleukemic disorders the progeny of a single cell proliferate
      and ultimately come to occupy the hemopoietic system. In the process normal stem
      cells are suppressed and in time may become extinct. This implies that neoplastic
      clones have a biological advantage. In this paper evidence is presented that the
      cloning of granulocytic colony forming cells in the clonal hemopathies is
      influenced by cell products that regulate cloning of normal colony forming cells.
      We have attempted to develop an approach to the study of clone-clone interactions
      in order to determine at what level(s) the battle between clones is fought.
      Future studies on relative responsiveness might help in understanding the
      mechanisms by which normal hemopoiesis is suppressed during the evolution of
      leukemia and re-established during remission induction.

PMID- 3862491
TI  - Establishment and characterization of cell lines derived from a human
      osteosarcoma.
AB  - Continuously growing cell lines have been established in vitro from a human
      osteosarcoma after transplantation into athymic nude mice. These cell lines grew
      as an adherent monolayer and consisted of various types of cells. Twelve clones
      were colonially isolated from a cell line, HuO-3N1, and subdivided into three
      groups depending on the morphologic features. The cells of HuO-3N1 and its clones
      had alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive granules in the cytoplasm. Cytogenetic
      studies showed that these cell lines were human aneuploid lines. A tumor was
      produced by injection of HuO-3N1 cells into an athymic nude mouse. ALP activity
      increased in a clonal cell line, HuO-3N1 cl-2, when cells were treated with 1,25
      dihydroxy-vitamin D3. The proliferation of cells was inhibited when the cells
      were cultured in a medium supplemented with L-homoarginine, which is an inhibitor
      of bone and liver-specific ALP. This cell line has an osteoblastic phenotype and
      provides a useful model for studies of human osteosarcoma and phenotypical
      expression of human osteoblastic cells.

PMID- 3862492
TI  - Nearly total absence of pulmonary perfusion with corresponding technetium-99m MDP
      and gallium-67 uptake in a patient with mediastinal neuroblastoma.
AB  - A case of unilateral nearly total hypoperfusion of the left lung in a 13-month
      old girl is presented. The combination of the lung hypoperfusion and accumulation
      of the Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate in the same area suggested the preoperative
      diagnosis of mediastinal neuroblastoma. Explorative thoracotomy revealed the
      presence of a neuroblastoma compressing the left lung pedicle. The described
      scintigraphic appearance in the pediatric age group is suggested as typical of
      mediastinal neuroblastoma. This pathology should be included in the following
      gamuts in nuclear medicine: unilateral decrease or absent lung perfusion,
      unilateral diffuse chest uptake of Ga-67 citrate, and unilateral pulmonary uptake
      in bone scintigraphy.

PMID- 3862494
TI  - Gallium-67 citrate accumulation in parotid and submandibular glands in
      sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3862493
TI  - Gallium-67 scintigraphy in well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma of the skin.
AB  - Skin lymphomas are now divided into "T" or thymic cell lymphomas (mycosis
      fungoides being the principal type) and "B" cell lymphomas after the bursa of
      Fabricius. The "T" cell lymphomas all are identified by the thymic or cerebriform
      cell. Those lymphomas of the skin which do not contain these characteristic cells
      are derived from the bursa cells and are termed "B" cell lymphomas. A large
      percentage of these non "T" cell lymphomas have been histologically diagnosed as
      lymphocytic lymphoma of the skin (1). The authors had an opportunity to scan a
      patient with histologically proven lymphocytic lymphoma of the skin with Ga-67
      and obtained on excellent correlation between gallium accumulation in the skin
      lesions and histologic confirmation of lymphocytic lymphoma.

PMID- 3862495
TI  - The gallium-67 citrate bone scan.

PMID- 3862496
TI  - Pefloxacin kinetics in cirrhosis.
AB  - Pefloxacin pharmacokinetics were evaluated in 16 patients with histologically
      proved cirrhosis of the liver and compared with those in 12 healthy subjects. In
      the patients with cirrhosis, the mean (+/- SD) t1/2, although highly variable,
      was significantly longer (35.10 +/- 19.00 hours) than in the normal subjects
      (11.00 +/- 2.64 hours; P less than 0.001). In the patients, the volume of
      distribution was decreased by 18% (P less than 0.02) and total plasma clearance
      was markedly decreased (2.66 +/- 1.85 vs. 8.19 +/- 2.80 L/hr X 1.73 m2; P less
      than 0.001). The t1/2 was longer in patients with ascites or jaundice than in
      patients without these complications. The urinary excretion of unchanged
      pefloxacin was higher in the patients than in the subjects, while the excretion
      of N-desmethyl pefloxacin (a major metabolite of the drug) was lower. It is
      proposed that the decreased plasma clearance of pefloxacin in patients with
      cirrhosis is a result of decreased hepatic metabolism of the drug, and that the
      dosage should probably be modified in these patients.

PMID- 3862497
TI  - Spontaneous rosette-forming lymphocyte sensitivity to prostaglandins in patients
      with cervical carcinoma after surgery.
AB  - We have reported a marked decrease of lymphocyte sensitivity to prostaglandins
      (PGs) in patients with untreated cervical carcinoma and other solid neoplasias.
      Particularly, Ea and ME rosette formation was inhibited only slightly by PGs in
      all cancer patients studied, as compared with the high inhibition values observed
      in normal individuals (Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 1981). In the present work, the
      PG-induced inhibition of Ea and ME rosette formation has been studied in patients
      with stage 0 cervical carcinoma up to 180 days after hysterectomy. It has been
      found that in these patients the PG sensitivity increased gradually up to or
      higher than the levels seen in normal control subjects. However, the PG
      sensitivity of Ea is restored earlier after surgery, while ME show a delayed
      recovery. Since the PG sensitivities correlate well with the clinical status of
      patients, it is suggested that such sensitivity may represent a useful test for
      following patients with cervical carcinoma.

PMID- 3862498
TI  - Effect of bisphosphonates on prostaglandin synthesis by rat bone cells and mouse
      calvaria in culture.
AB  - Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of bone resorption and also inhibit
      prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis in bone cells. Therefore we have investigated
      whether a correlation exists between inhibition of bone resorption and inhibition
      of PGE2 formation. Initially, bisphosphonates were tested for their effect on the
      release of [14C]PGE2 from rat calvaria cells labelled with [14C]arachidonic acid
      and stimulated by bradykinin, thrombin and mechanical manipulation. The effect on
      [14C]-PGE2 synthesis was not correlated with the known inhibitory activity of
      bisphosphonates on bone resorption. Mouse calvaria were then treated with
      epidermal growth factor (EGF) to induce PGE2 synthesis and bone resorption, with
      or without bisphosphonates. The bisphosphonates either decreased, had no effect
      or increased PGE2 production, but all inhibited the release of calcium. Finally,
      the bisphosphonates were given in vivo to mice before explantation of the
      calvaria. Some of the bisphosphonates decreased the production of PGE2,
      suggesting that these compounds may have such an effect in vivo. But again no
      relationship between the effect on PGE2 synthesis and bone resorption was found.
      Thus, these experiments show the inhibitory effect of bisphosphonates on bone
      resorption is unlikely to be explained only by their effect on PGE2 synthesis.

PMID- 3862499
TI  - Osteolytic lesion as the presenting feature of chronic granulocytic leukaemia.
AB  - We describe a woman in whom the first manifestation of chronic granulocytic
      leukaemia (CGL) was an osteolytic lesion. Six months later the peripheral blood
      showed the picture of CGL in blast crisis. Chromosome studies confirmed the
      diagnosis and immunological and ultrastructural studies demonstrated the presence
      of two blast populations: basophil blasts and megakaryoblasts.

PMID- 3862500
TI  - Changes in the uptake of 57Co-cyanocobalamin during dimethylsulphoxide-induced
      differentiation of HL60 cells to neutrophils.
AB  - The uptake of serum-bound 57Co-cyanocobalamin by uninduced and dimethylsulphoxide
      induced HL60 cells has been studied. The data indicate that during the maturation
      of promyelocytes to neutrophil granulocytes, there is a progressive and marked
      reduction in (a) the number of surface receptors for the transcobalamin II
      cobalamin complex (TCII-Cbl) per cell up to the metamyelocyte stage and (b) the
      amount of TCII-Cbl entering a cell, through the entire maturation pathway. The
      maturation of promyelocytes to neutrophil granulocytes was also accompanied by a
      marked reduction in intracellular vitamin B12 content. These observations help in
      explaining some features of granulocytopoiesis in cobalamin deficiency.

PMID- 3862501
TI  - The "spread of effect' of a school based dental health education project.
AB  - A study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of a school based dental health
      education programme ("Natural Nashers') upon the families of adolescents
      receiving the programme. Interviews with 73 randomly selected parents were
      conducted. One group (n = 35) had a child who had recently received the
      programme, the other (n = 38) had not. During the interview they were asked if
      they or other family members (apart from the programme recipient) had changed
      their dental behaviour or received any new dental information in the previous 2
      months. Changes in behaviour were reported from 12 parents in the study group
      compared with seven in the control. Twenty two parents from the study group
      reported receiving new dental information in the family compared with four in the
      control group. The information and reported changes in behaviour related
      primarily to aspects of disclosing. In 80% of these cases of change or new
      information in the study group the source was an adolescent who had recently been
      taught "Natural Nashers'.

PMID- 3862502
TI  - Sociodemographic correlates of dental anxiety.
AB  - In a survey comprising 620 30-40-yr-old inhabitants of a Dutch town, dental
      anxiety was measured along with some sociodemographic variables. The data were
      analyzed in an attempt to reveal associations between sociodemographically
      determined groups of respondents and their scores on the different measurements
      of dental anxiety. Women reported higher dental anxiety levels than men, with the
      exception of body damage anticipation anxiety. The rank order of birth seemed to
      have no influence. Divorced men and women reported a higher anxiety level on two
      of the anxiety measurements, but the association appeared to be weak. A lower
      level of education, irregular dental attendance, and edentulousness appeared to
      be associated with a higher level of dental anxiety.

PMID- 3862503
TI  - Validity of a dietary interviewing method for use in caries prevention.
AB  - A suitable method for determining the usual diet of an individual is a
      prerequisite for dietary counseling in caries prevention. The purpose of this
      study was to develop a method that was able to obtain relevant information on the
      dietary habits of an individual and to test the validity of this method. During a
      series of interviews a dietary history interview was therefore developed with
      special emphasis on dietary factors known to be important in caries etiology,
      such as frequency of eating and frequency and duration of sugar intake at meals
      and in-between meals. The validity of the method with regard to caries-related
      factors was tested by interviewing 49 caries-active and 55 caries-inactive 14-yr
      old Danish schoolchildren. It was possible to detect a higher frequency of food
      intake and a more frequent and long-lasting use of sugar in the caries-active
      group. No difference was found in the consumption of sticky sugars between the
      two groups. With the present method it should be possible to pinpoint dietary
      problems in caries-active persons, so that dietary advice can be given in
      quantitative terms.

PMID- 3862504
TI  - Comparison between standardized periapical and bitewing radiographs in assessing
      alveolar bone loss.
AB  - Readability and alveolar bone level were compared in 455 sets of standardized
      radiographs each consisting of four periapical (PA) and two bitewing (BW) films.
      BW radiographs showed significantly higher proportions of unreadable sites in the
      canines and the mesial surface of first premolars (P less than 0.0001), while PA
      radiographs exhibited significantly higher proportions of unreadable sites in the
      distal surface of second molars (P less than 0.0001). Alveolar bone level was
      assessable in a total of 10016 sites, and the comparison showed identical
      readings in 82% of the sites. In the maxilla, a significantly higher proportion
      of sites exhibited larger bone loss measurements (P less than 0.0001) and more
      sites with significantly higher mean values (P less than 0.005) in BW than in PA
      films. Mandibular sites showed the opposite trend. The majority of the sites
      revealed a Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) ranging between 0.60 and 0.82.
      No significant difference between mean bone loss measurements in the two types of
      radiographs for all the sites was found. It was concluded that the two
      radiographic techniques may be used interchangeably in epidemiologic studies.

PMID- 3862505
TI  - Caries prevalence in Icelandic children in 1970 and 1983.
AB  - In the autumn of 1983 a clinical survey was carried out on 756 children aged 6-14
      yr, residing in three non-fluoridated communities in Iceland. The aim of the
      survey was to assess what changes, if any, in caries prevalence may have taken
      place as a result of the provision of free dental restorative services for these
      children since 1974. The 1983 prevalence data were compared with data obtained
      from a caries survey conducted in 1970 in the same areas in Iceland. The same
      examiner performed all examinations in both studies. Although considerable
      increase was noted in number of filled teeth with a corresponding decrease in
      carious and missing teeth, a statistically significant change in caries
      prevalence, (dft, dfs, DMFT, DMFS) did not manifest itself. The dfs and DMFS in
      1983 was 8.9 and 9.5, respectively, compared to 8.5 and 10.4 in 1970. Over 90% of
      the toothpaste used in Iceland during the 1970's contained fluoride. The children
      in the three study areas had not been provided with any public preventive
      programs.

PMID- 3862506
TI  - Epidemiologic characteristics of dental caries: relation of DMFT and DMFS to
      proportion of children with DMF teeth.
AB  - The relation of the age-specific mean DMFT and mean DMFS to the age-specific
      proportion of children with DMF teeth has been studied using the original data of
      Knutson and data of a recent Finnish material. When studying the relationship
      between the mean DMFT (x) and the proportion of children with DMF teeth (y),
      three models of regression were compared. For low caries populations, a specific
      correction exponential curve y = 1-abx seemed to fit caries data somewhat better
      than the other models. The relationship between the mean DMFS (x) and the
      proportion of children with DMF teeth (y) could be expressed by a curvilinear
      model y = e[b(lnx) + a]; this applied to low caries populations (y approximately
      less than 0.7) as well, but the unexplained residual variation was about 6%.

PMID- 3862507
TI  - Caries prevalence of preschool children in Baja, Hungary, in 1975 and 1982:
      effect of a supervised monthly NaF mouthrinsing program.
AB  - The aim of the study was 1) to compare the caries prevalence of preschoolchildren
      in Baja with data from 1975 and 2) to evaluate the effect of 0.2% sodium-fluoride
      mouthrinsings practiced during the last 4 yr. In 20 kindergartens of Baja 1462
      children between 3 and 6 yr of age were investigated. All the children were
      participants in an oral hygiene motivation program and fluoride rinsings,
      performed generally monthly, but at least 10 times in a year. The dental
      investigations of the primary teeth were carried out by the same team as in 1975.
      The frequency of caries-free children increased from 18.8% in 1975 to 24.8% in
      1982. The dmft mean values decreased only in the 5- and 6-yr-old children.

PMID- 3862508
TI  - Streptococcus mutans and caries prevalence in rural Thai.
AB  - The prevalence of dental caries was studied in 521 rural Thai using the DMFT
      index. The oral habit of chewing betel nut was recorded. Samples of drinking
      water were examined for fluoride concentrations. Plaque material from 500
      patients was examined qualitatively for S. mutans. The DMFT (dmft) index score
      was comparably high for patients under 10 yr of age (4.12); the difference
      between the DMFT (dmft) score of this age group and the other age groups was
      statistically significant. The average DMFT (dmft) score was 1.34 +/- 2.67. There
      was no relation between oral habits and caries prevalence. Fluoride
      concentrations of the water samples were between 0.11 and 1.64 ppmF- X 14.2% of
      500 plaque samples were positive for S. mutans, predominantly of biotype I. The
      higher prevalence of caries in children may be attributable to changing patterns
      of life and nutrition.

PMID- 3862509
TI  - Incidence of pain conditions in dental practice in a Danish county.
AB  - From September 1981 to February 1982, an epidemiologic study was carried out on
      the incidence of pain conditions among patients between 18 and 70 yr of age in 30
      dental practices in Ribe County, Denmark. A total of 35 464 patients consulted
      the 50 participating dentists during the study period. 823 patients consulted the
      dentist due to pain. The most frequent cause of pain was caries sequelae
      (pulpitis (35%) and acute apical periodontitis (31%)). There was a significant
      difference in the distribution of the diagnoses between patients with regular and
      non-regular dental care. Although the data in the present study may not be
      representative for the entire Danish population, it seems reasonable to assume
      that in Denmark there are at least 70 000 annual consultations to a dentist due
      to pain. Furthermore, a minimum of 4000 patients can be expected to be absent
      from work annually, due to illness caused by dental pain.

PMID- 3862510
TI  - Preliminary report on prevalence of oral cancer and precancerous lesions among
      dental patients in Saudi Arabia.
AB  - The study consisted of 674 consecutive examinations done on patients on their
      first visit the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, over a 1-yr
      period starting January 1983. Men outnumbered women and 69% of the patients were
      Saudi Arabian nationals. Oral cancer was seen in one non-Saudi, whereas the
      overall prevalence of leukoplakia was 1.9%. The other lesions were leukoedema
      8.3%, nicotinic stomatitis 2.5%, and lichen planus 0.6%. Except for lichen
      planus, all the lesions were almost exclusively found in men with a close
      relationship to oral tobacco habits. Leukoedema, nicotinic stomatitis and
      leukoplakia showed a tendency to occur together in varying combinations among
      smokers.

PMID- 3862511
TI  - Closed medical staffs are not inevitable.

PMID- 3862512
TI  - Comparison of tears and lacrimal gland fluid in the rabbit and guinea pig.
AB  - The excretory duct of the lacrimal gland of rabbits and guinea pigs was
      cannulated in situ for collection of pure lacrimal gland fluid, not contaminated
      by secretions from the Harderian gland or contributions of desquamating cells of
      the conjunctival and corneal epithelium. Tears as well as lacrimal gland fluid of
      both species showed a species-specific and molecular weight-dependent pattern
      after sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide (SDS-PAA) gradient slab gel
      electrophoresis. The most striking difference in both species was a protein
      corresponding to serum albumin present in tears and almost lacking in lacrimal
      gland fluid. Likewise, a variety of enzymes, total protein and PGE2 were measured
      in tears and lacrimal gland fluid. For rabbit tears the lacrimal gland is the
      primary tissue source of lysozyme (LZM), beta-hexosaminidase (beta-hex),
      angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), plasminogen activator (PA) and total
      protein, while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the greater part of prostaglandin
      E2 (PGE2) are present in rabbit tears mainly as products from other ocular tissue
      sources. In guinea pig tears peroxidase (POD), ACE, PA and less PGE2 are exceted
      by the lacrimal gland, amylase (AMY), LDH and a substantial amount of PGE2 are
      added to the guinea pig tears by other ocular tissue sources. Beta-hex and total
      protein are released from the lacrimal gland and from other ocular tissue sources
      as well.

PMID- 3862513
TI  - Enhancement of antigen expression on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells by
      cell incubation.
AB  - Leukemic cells from blood and/or marrow specimens of 64 acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia (ALL) patients were examined for the expression of the Ia-like antigen
      (Ia) or ALL cell-associated antigen (ALLA) employing indirect immunofluorescent
      techniques before and after overnight incubation (18 hours) at room temperature
      in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium 1640. In 20 cases, the post-incubation
      cells showed an augmented intensity of the fluorescent stain and an increased
      (greater than 15%) percentage of the ALLA and/or Ia-bearing cells. Evaluation of
      cell viability after incubation and of non-specific staining in control
      preparations using normal rabbit serum in lieu of specific rabbit antiserum to
      ALLA or Ia excluded selective cell death and increased non-specific stain as
      causes of the observed increase in fluorescent cell staining. The enhanced
      antigen expression was observed in those samples in which antigens were
      detectable on only a small fraction of the leukemic cells. The results
      demonstrate the necessity of re-examination of leukemic cells for the presence of
      ALLA and Ia following overnight incubation especially in antigen negative cases.

PMID- 3862514
TI  - Anthracycline resistance and consequences of the in situ-in vitro transfer.
AB  - Adriamycin-resistant and normal cells of the sarcoma 180 of the mouse undergo
      qualitatively different deflections from the in situ state when prepared for an
      experiment. Resistant cells perform a fast reactive decline in the proliferative
      activity. They are capable of quiescence as defined by the time needed for the
      induction of the proliferation. Sensitive cells seem to be unable to quiesce and
      are only slowed down. These facts must be taken into account in interpretation of
      similar results. Differences in experiments need not necessarily imply
      differences in situ. Such in vitro appearing differences between sensitive and
      adriamycin-resistant cells of the murine sarcoma 180 include the retention of the
      mitochondria-specific stain rhodamine 123 and the uptake of anthracyclines, both
      being reduced in resistant cells. After labeling sensitive cells with thymidine
      in vivo and sorting them according to their rhodamine 123-derived fluorescence,
      the label was only found in the major, highly fluorescing fraction. A small low
      fluorescing fraction remained unlabeled. We were able to demonstrate similar
      results with labeled anthracyclines applied to both the sensitive and the
      resistant cells in a short period between the removal of the cells from the
      ascites and the cell sorting. The adriamycin resistance seems to be joined with
      the ability of the cells to reduce their proliferative activity following changes
      to unfavorable conditions in vitro. Quiescent cells of the resistant line
      demonstrate the "anthracycline pump." Substances which are known to increase the
      sensitivity of anthracycline-resistant cells (TWEEN, verapamil) also shift the
      cells from low to high rhodamine 123-fluorescence.

PMID- 3862515
TI  - Differences between labeling index and DNA histograms in assessing S-phase cells
      from a homogeneous group of chronic phase CML patients.
AB  - The reliability of DNA histogram analysis in accurately estimating S-phase cells
      from human tumors was tested by comparing the results to those of simultaneously
      obtained tritiated thymidine labeling index (LI) studies. Patients with chronic
      myelocytic leukemia (CML) during chronic phase were selected for study because
      the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) was the only cytogenetic abnormality in each
      case and, since it is a balanced translocation, the frequently encountered
      problem of aneuploidy in human neoplastic cells was avoided. Unfortunately, when
      30 CML patients were studied simultaneously by DNA histogram analysis and LI
      studies, the correlation coefficient between the two results was only r = 0.611.
      A comparison of three different mathematical programs for DNA histogram analysis
      showed that none was completely satisfactory. We conclude that DNA histogram
      analysis does not provide the same data as autoradiographically processed
      labeling index studies even in patients with Ph-positive CML during the chronic
      phase when the situation is not complicated by additional aneuploidy.

PMID- 3862516
TI  - Anaerobic infections. Part I.

PMID- 3862517
TI  - [Secondary neoplasms following tumor and leukemia therapy in childhood. Report of
      64 cases].
AB  - 64 second neoplasms, occurring after therapy of malignant tumors or leukaemia in
      childhood, came to light in the course of a collaborative group investigation.
      Most frequent initial diseases were acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (n = 19),
      Morbus Hodgkin (n = 9), and retinoblastoma (n = 8), whereas osteosarcoma (n =
      13), cancer of the thyroid (n = 10) and acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia (n = 8)
      were predominant among the second malignant neoplasms. In 36 of 50 irradiated
      children there was a clear relationship between the localisation of the second
      neoplasm and the earlier irradiated zone. In other cases, in particular in
      children with retinoblastoma as initial disease or neurofibromatosis, genetic
      influences on the origin of the second neoplasms come into question. The
      preponderance of Morbus Hodgkin after acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (n = 7) must
      be regarded as extraordinary; in 6 of the 7 children the second neoplasm appeared
      after a very short interval. A distinct effect of previous treatment with
      cytostatics on the occurrence of second neoplasms was not seen. The differing
      time intervals between the occurrence of the first and the second neoplasms in
      the separate subgroups point toward heterogenous causes being involved in the
      development of second neoplasms.

PMID- 3862518
TI  - Practical therapeutics. The impact of genetic engineering in drug development.

PMID- 3862519
TI  - [What are the advantage of a clinical functional diagnosis?].

PMID- 3862520
TI  - [What are the advantages of instruments in functional analysis?].

PMID- 3862521
TI  - [What are the advantages of functional therapy and what are its limits?].

PMID- 3862522
TI  - [Functional status].

PMID- 3862523
TI  - [Necessity of clinical functional diagnostics].

PMID- 3862524
TI  - [Examiner agreement with the Krogh-Poulsen method of clinical functional
      analysis].

PMID- 3862525
TI  - [Ortho-function of the masticatory system].

PMID- 3862526
TI  - [Recordings of mandibular movements with Sirognathography].

PMID- 3862527
TI  - [Efficacy of functional diagnostics and computer tomography in dysfunctional and
      functionally healthy stomatognathic systems].

PMID- 3862528
TI  - [Determination of the position of the articular process].

PMID- 3862529
TI  - [Biomechanics of temporomandibular clicking. I. Disk function in eccentric
      bruxism].

PMID- 3862530
TI  - [Reaction of the masticatory musculature to occlusion-dependent functional
      disorders. An electromyographic study].

PMID- 3862531
TI  - [Axial differences in models mounted on the articulator using the Bonwill
      triangle and facebow transfer].

PMID- 3862532
TI  - [Relation between jaw size and model position in the articulator].

PMID- 3862533
TI  - [To what extent does the so-called quickmount facebow satisfy clinical
      requirements for precision?].

PMID- 3862534
TI  - [Comparative study of direct and indirect registration of mandibular movements].

PMID- 3862535
TI  - [Corrective osteotomies for the treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction
      syndrome].

PMID- 3862536
TI  - [Evaluation of function in complete denture patients].

PMID- 3862538
TI  - [Corrosion properties of dental alloys].

PMID- 3862537
TI  - [Demands placed on and requirements for the materials properties of dental
      alloys].

PMID- 3862539
TI  - [Biocompatibility of dental alloys].

PMID- 3862540
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of dental alloys].

PMID- 3862541
TI  - [Strength properties of dental ceramics].

PMID- 3862543
TI  - [Long-term reaction of alveolar ridge mucosa and bone to denture stress].

PMID- 3862542
TI  - [In vitro induced corrosion activity in various peri-pulpal pins].

PMID- 3862544
TI  - [Conservative therapy of maxillary sinusitis in oro-antral fistulas].

PMID- 3862545
TI  - [Pain-correlated cerebral cortex potentials in man after electrical stimulation
      of the dental pulp].

PMID- 3862546
TI  - [Condylar hyperplasia--clinical and radiologic findings].

PMID- 3862547
TI  - [Epidemiologic study on functional disturbances of the masticatory system].

PMID- 3862548
TI  - [Myoarthropathies and occupation. An epidemiologic study. A brief report].

PMID- 3862549
TI  - [Visualization of the articular disc in computer tomograms].

PMID- 3862550
TI  - [Interference behavior of the masseter reflex and the tongue-jaw reflex in man.
      Methods and preliminary findings].

PMID- 3862551
TI  - [Surgical correction of functional disturbances of the stomatognathic system
      after temporomandibular joint fractures].

PMID- 3862552
TI  - [Identical model mounting without traditional mounting plates].

PMID- 3862553
TI  - [Prescriptions written for antibiotics in dental practice].

PMID- 3862554
TI  - [Clinical survey on the occurrence of epulis].

PMID- 3862555
TI  - [Allergy and dentistry from the dentist's point of view].

PMID- 3862556
TI  - [Methods in caries epidemiology--a critical overview].

PMID- 3862557
TI  - [Comparative studies on various methods for assessing surface structures of
      prepared teeth].

PMID- 3862558
TI  - [Computer-assisted analysis of the numerical data of the mediotrusive trajectory
      in conventional axiography].

PMID- 3862559
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of cracked tooth syndrome].

PMID- 3862560
TI  - [In vitro experiments on the problem of the development of undermining enamel
      caries].

PMID- 3862561
TI  - [The importance of test conditions in scientific experiments, as demonstrated by
      the example of tooth mobility].

PMID- 3862562
TI  - [Effect of extracellular pH values on the accumulation of fluoride by
      Streptococcus mutans].

PMID- 3862563
TI  - [Light color of dental lamps. I. Dental operatory lights].

PMID- 3862564
TI  - [Orthodontic treatment--a risk factor in functional and occlusal disorders?].

PMID- 3862565
TI  - [The importance of immunology in periodontal diseases and the mouth mucosa
      diseases].

PMID- 3862566
TI  - [5 years' experience with microsurgical small bowel transfer in the
      reconstruction of extensive soft tissue defects of the oropharynx].

PMID- 3862567
TI  - [Conclusion of root growth after partial vital amputation].

PMID- 3862568
TI  - [Quality of ground enamel surfaces and preparation margins].

PMID- 3862569
TI  - [Periodontal findings after alveolar process repositioning using interdental
      osteotomy].

PMID- 3862571
TI  - [Linear coefficient of thermal expansion for bovine enamel and dentin].

PMID- 3862570
TI  - [Reaction of amine hydrofluorides with surface enamel. I. Effect of different
      cations, concentrations and exposure times (in vitro studies)].

PMID- 3862572
TI  - [Methacrylate-integrated embedding methods for sawed, ground and milled
      preparations].

PMID- 3862573
TI  - [The light of the special Color-i-Dent lamp (the Waldmann lamp)].

PMID- 3862574
TI  - [Characteristics of the nucleic component of a nucleoprotein complex secreted by
      tumor cells].
AB  - The characteristic of the nucleic component from the nucleoprotein complex
      excreted by tumour cells into ascitic fluid is presented. Using enzymes which
      hydrolyze nucleic acids and applying the methods of cellulose chromatography and
      ethidium bromide identification of the double-stranded structure of nucleic acids
      it is shown that the nucleic component of the excreted complex is a heterogeneous
      system presented by double-stranded structures which involve DNA-RNA hybrid
      molecules.

PMID- 3862575
TI  - [Preparation and characteristics of a cell line from transplantable Svec's
      leukemia].
AB  - The procedure for obtaining the CL-C5 suspension cell line from the
      transplantable rat leukemia (erythromyelosis) is described. Cytochemical and
      biochemical features of CL-C5 blast cells are established to be typical of T
      cells at the differentiation stage, corresponding to thymocytes. The results
      obtained permit considering CL-C5 cell line as that having phenotypical
      indications of lymphocytes and retrovirus production lost due to the selection in
      the cell population.

PMID- 3862576
TI  - Effects of H2-antagonists on androgen imprinting of male hepatic functions.
AB  - Many of the sex-differentiated functions of the liver of adult male rats depend
      upon the occurrence of neonatal androgen imprinting, a brief surge of androgen
      early in life. We investigated whether androgen imprinting is necessary for the
      development and maintenance of levels of a microsomal enzyme, estrogen-2
      hydroxylase (E-20Hase), and a male-specific cytosolic estrogen binder (MEB) which
      are higher in adult male than in adult female rats. Cimetidine, a weakly
      antiandrogenic H2 blocker, was administered to pregnant and lactating rats from
      day 12 of gestation through weaning on day 21. Livers of male progeny, 120-150
      days of age, were assayed for E-2OHase and MEB activity; a maternal dose
      equivalent to 2.5 times the usual human dose inhibited MEB activity in the levels
      of the offspring by 40% but had no effect on E-2OHase. However, a higher dose (5
      times the human dose) was effective in reducing the E-2OHase activity by 50%.
      Rats whose mothers had received either no drug or an equivalent dose of
      ranitidine, another H2 blocker without antiandrogenic activity, were used as
      controls. The groups were not different in hepatic cytosolic androgen receptor
      content, body weight, or serum testosterone. In other studies, the requirement of
      neonatal androgen imprinting for full expression of adult levels of MEB and E
      2OHase was determined. Female rats, which have low levels of E-2OHase and
      undetectable levels of MEB, were given androgen on day 1, on day 60 after
      ovariectomy, or at both times. Levels of E-2OHase equivalent to those in adult
      males were induced in females receiving both androgen treatments, whereas either
      treatment alone induced E-2OHase to the level of that in males castrated at
      adulthood or neonatally, which is about 50% that in normal male controls. In
      addition, MEB levels were induced in females to 85% of that in normal males by
      both androgen treatments and to 50% by administration of androgen to adult
      females or to adult males castrated neonatally. Administration of androgen to
      females during the neonatal period only did not induce MEB. We conclude that both
      MEB and E-2OHase require androgen imprinting for full expression in adult male
      rats.

PMID- 3862577
TI  - Estradiol acts as a competitive inhibitor of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase enzyme of cultured Leydig tumor cells.
AB  - To study the local regulatory mechanisms involving steroid hormones in
      steroidogenic cells, the effect of estradiol on steroidogenesis was investigated
      using MA-10 Leydig tumor cells. Estradiol inhibited progesterone biosynthesis in
      MA-10 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of progesterone biosynthesis
      by estradiol was associated with a concomitant accumulation of pregnenolone in
      the incubation medium. Estradiol inhibited the activity of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase by a chemical mechanism which is not
      mediated through the cellular estrogen receptor. Thus, the estrogen receptor
      agonist diethylstilbestrol did not inhibit this enzyme activity, nor could this
      agent block the effect of estradiol on the enzyme. Furthermore, estradiol
      inhibited enzyme activity in isolated microsomes which do not contain estradiol
      receptor protein. Kinetic analysis of the inhibitory effect of estradiol on 3
      beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase revealed that this
      steroid hormone functions as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme, with an
      average apparent Ki of 1.8 microM.

PMID- 3862578
TI  - Increased ferritin levels in the fluid of thyroid cyst.
AB  - High ferritin levels in the aspirate of thyroid cyst (Six yellow clear, 4 yellow
      turbid and 10 chocolate colored turbid) without apparent sings of malignancy were
      found. The mean concentration in the 3,000 X g supernatant of the fluid was
      40,116 ng/ml, and the 3,000 X g precipitate was 11,147 ng/ml. All cases showed
      normal levels of serum ferritin. Con A binding with ferritin was distributed from
      low to high. These ferritins showed a molecular weight of approximately 450,000
      which was the same as found in human spleen and liver. The continuous increase in
      ferritin levels in thyroid cyst fluid was found by a chronological study in some
      cases. When tumor markers such as CEA, NCA, CA 19-9 and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein
      (alpha 1-AG, acute phase reactant) were examined simultaneously, an increase in
      some of the cyst fluid was observed. However, the incidence and the rate of
      increase of these tumor markers and acute phase reactant were low compared to
      ferritin. Neither a correlation between ferritin and CEA, nor between ferritin
      and CA 19-9 was found. The increase in ferritin in thyroid cyst fluids may be due
      to the increased synthesis, release and storage by the inflammatory cells.

PMID- 3862579
TI  - Effects of parathyroid hormone and cortisol on prostaglandin production by
      neonatal rat calvaria in vitro.
AB  - We have examined the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and cortisol on the
      production of prostaglandins, particularly PGE2, by neonatal rat calvaria
      cultured in a chemically-defined medium. Although there was considerable
      variability, calvaria produced large amounts of PGE2 in control cultures,
      reaching medium concentrations of 40 to 200 nM. PGE2 release was partially
      inhibited by cortisol at 10 nM and markedly inhibited at 100 nM. Bovine 1-34
      synthetic PTH produced an increase in PGE2 concentration which was most striking
      in the presence of a low concentration of cortisol (10 nM). The medium also
      contained large amounts of 6-keto PGF1 alpha, the metabolite of prostacyclin,
      which showed similar changes in response to PTH and cortisol. Thromboxane B2
      concentrations were low and unaffected by these hormones. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
      did not increase medium PGE2 concentration. Since PGE2 is a potent stimulator of
      bone resorption and formation, some of the effects of PTH as well as cortisol may
      be mediated by their ability to alter PGE2 production in skeletal tissue.

PMID- 3862581
TI  - Therapy of osteogenic sarcoma: local, systemic or both?

PMID- 3862580
TI  - Local therapy of rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma of children
      and adolescents.
AB  - Local control of the primary tumour is a fundamental requirement for clinical
      cure. Towards this aim, the primary tumour must be diagnosed early and identified
      histologically. The size, extension, and spread within the patient must be
      defined precisely. In planning effective local therapy, additional questions must
      be answered including resectability, mutilation, sensitivity to radio- and
      chemotherapy, anticipated morbidity from therapeutic measures, etc. For
      osteosarcoma there is no reasonable alternative to radical surgery. Because of
      the 20% local recurrence rate of Ewing's sarcoma following radiotherapy, radical
      surgical removal of the primary tumour should be attempted whenever possible. For
      rhabdomyosarcoma, particularly for its embryonal histology, non-radical removal
      of the primary sarcoma is still compatible with a cure, provided adequate radio-
      and chemotherapy is also administered. Primary irradiation is indicated in
      radiosensitive unresectable primary tumours and may convert these into an
      operable state. Chemotherapy is the domain of prevention and treatment of
      metastatic disease. It has, however, also a proved effect on primary tumours and,
      in several recent protocols, precedes local therapy.

PMID- 3862583
TI  - Effects of leukocyte interferon (E. coli) on human bone sarcoma growth in vitro
      and in the nude mouse.
AB  - Effects of highly purified human leukocyte interferon (rIFN-alpha 2) on colony
      formation, DNA synthesis and proliferation in nude mice of tumor cells from eight
      bone sarcomas have been studied. rIFN-alpha 2 produced a dose-dependent
      inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation by sarcoma cells. Even at high doses
      (10(4) U/ml), however, [3H]thymidine uptake could not be completely blocked by
      rIFN-alpha 2. In a cloning assay three established sarcoma cell lines and five
      other sarcoma samples obtained after short-term in vitro culture were found to be
      sensitive to various degrees to rIFN-alpha 2, complete inhibition being seen only
      at 10(4) U/ml. Three sarcomas were sensitive in the nude mouse model. Scheduling
      experiments revealed that rIFN-alpha 2 produces a delay in tumor growth only when
      administered either before or shortly after tumor implantation. Therefore rIFN
      alpha 2 appears to be most active when tumor size is small and growth not
      exponential, indicating that rIFN-alpha 2 may play a role in an adjuvant setting.
      Growth sarcomas strongly suppressed by rIFN-alpha 2 in the cloning assay was
      markedly inhibited in the nude mouse. One sarcoma which was only moderately
      sensitive in the cloning assay was resistant in the animal experiment, confirming
      the predictive value of the clonogenic assay. Although the present findings
      demonstrate strong antitumor activity of rIFN-alpha 2 against human bone sarcoma
      cells they should be interpreted with caution mainly because the high rIFN-alpha
      2 levels used in the experiments cannot be maintained in patients over a
      prolonged period.

PMID- 3862582
TI  - Activity of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin by the oral route in advanced breast cancer.
AB  - The new anthracycline-analogue 4-demethoxydaunorubicin (4-DMDR) was administered
      orally at the dose of 15 mg/m2 daily for three consecutive days and repeated
      every 21-28 days on 29 patients with advanced pretreated breast cancer. A partial
      remission was observed in 7/25 evaluable patients (28%) for a median duration of
      7 months. Side-effects include leukopenia in 93% of the patients (less than 1000
      WBC/mm3 in 7%), nausea in 41%, mild vomiting in 17%, diarrhea in 10% and alopecia
      in 10% of the patients. No definitive conclusion is possible regarding
      cardiotoxicity. Only mild changes in ECG were observed in two patients. This
      study shows that 4-DMDR administered orally is well tolerated in the majority of
      patients and has antitumor activity in advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 3862584
TI  - Aclarubicin (aclacinomycin A) in the treatment of relapsing acute leukaemias.
AB  - Forty patients with relapsing acute leukaemias were treated with aclacinomycin A
      (aclarubicin, ACM), 25 mg/m2 i.v. daily for 7 days. Twenty-nine patients with
      acute myeloid (AML) and five with acute lymphoblastic (ALL) leukaemia were
      evaluable. The overall response rate was 29.5%. Eight complete (CR) and one
      partial (PR) remissions were achieved in AML (31%). A high CR rate was induced in
      patients treated at first relapse without prior reinduction (6/12 patients). A
      small proportion of leukaemias resistant to daunorubicin or doxorubicin responded
      to ACM (3/17 patients). Median remission duration was 5.5 months (range: 2-9
      months). The most common toxic effects were nausea, vomiting, stomatitis and
      diarrhoea. Acute cardiotoxic effects were documented in three patients.
      Congestive cardiomyopathy was not observed despite prior treatment with
      anthracyclines. We conclude that the present dose scheduling of ACM is effective
      in the treatment of relapsing AML and that it should be introduced in combined
      chemotherapy in phase III trials to compare its activity to that of daunorubicin
      or doxorubicin.

PMID- 3862585
TI  - The defect in delayed-type hypersensitivity of young adult SJL mice is due to a
      lack of functional antigen-presenting cells.
AB  - SJL mice exhibit a strain-specific age-dependent delay in the maturation of
      delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responsiveness. They do not attain "adult"
      levels of DTH responsiveness until the 10th week of age, which is 4 to 6 weeks
      later than the other strains of mice tested. In this report we demonstrate that
      spleen cells, resident peritoneal cells and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal
      exudate cells are all able to transfer DTH responsiveness from naive 12-week-old
      DTH responders to 6-week-old nonresponders. Transfer prior to immunization was
      more efficient at eliciting a response than transfer after immunization. As few
      as 5 X 10(4) cells from 12-week-old SJL mice can adoptively transfer
      responsiveness to unresponsive 6-week-old animals. The active cell was found to
      be adherent, radiation (2000 rds) resistant, I-A+, Thy-1- and Mac-1+. I-A
      compatibility between the adoptively transferred population and the nonresponder
      mice is required. These data suggest that young adult SJL mice lack a functional
      population of antigen-presenting cells specific for DTH and that the appearance
      of these cells is under maturational control.

PMID- 3862586
TI  - The effects of PGE2 and CL 115,347, an antihypertensive PGE2 analogue, on human
      blood platelet behaviour and vascular contractility.
AB  - The effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and an antihypertensive PGE2 analogue, CL
      115,347 (d,l-15-deoxy-16-hydroxy-16 (alpha/beta)-vinyl prostaglandin E2 methyl
      ester), were examined on human blood platelet behaviour in platelet-rich plasma
      (PRP) and in whole blood (WB). The effects on baseline tone of isolated human
      carotid arterial strips were also examined. PGE2 had a biphasic effect on
      platelet behaviour, potentiating ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation at low
      concentrations (10(-8)-10(-6) M) and inhibiting aggregation at higher
      concentrations (10(-5) M). In contrast, low concentrations of CL 115,347 (10(-9)
      10(-5) M) had no effect on platelet aggregation and higher concentrations (10(-4)
      M) potentiated ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation. The effects of PGE2 and CL
      115,347 on adrenaline-induced aggregation were different to those of the other
      aggregating agents since only inhibition of platelet aggregation was observed. In
      the presence of PGI2 (10(-9)-10(-8) M) however, PGE2 (10(-8)-10(-6) M) was able
      to potentiate both ADP- and adrenaline-induced aggregation. Results obtained in
      WB were similar to those obtained in PRP. Both PGE2 and CL 115,347 contracted
      isolated human carotid arterial strips in a dose-dependent manner, with PGE2
      being approximately 20 times more potent than its synthetic analogue. These
      results indicate that CL 115,347 is less potent than PGE2 in its effects on human
      blood platelet behaviour and vascular contractility in vitro.

PMID- 3862587
TI  - Head posture and the morphology of the first cervical vertebra.

PMID- 3862588
TI  - Facial growth and lower premolar extraction space closure.

PMID- 3862589
TI  - Radiation dose during the dental radiographic techniques most frequently used
      during orthodontic treatment.

PMID- 3862590
TI  - The prevalence and aetiology of prolonged dummy and finger-sucking habits.

PMID- 3862591
TI  - EMG activity in neck and masticatory muscles in relation to extension and flexion
      of the head.

PMID- 3862592
TI  - Bone-muscle interactions in the muscular dystrophic mouse.

PMID- 3862593
TI  - A statistical comparison of three sets of normative data from which to derive
      standards for craniofacial measurement.

PMID- 3862594
TI  - A cephalometric evaluation of hard and soft tissue changes during class III
      traction.

PMID- 3862595
TI  - Treatment with an orthopaedic appliance system.

PMID- 3862596
TI  - Action of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in nude mice bearing transplantable human myelogenous
      leukemic cell lines.
AB  - After cyclophosphamide priming, subcutaneously (s.c.) transplanted cells from
      established human leukemia cell lines U937, K562, or HL-60 consistently yielded
      single, nonmetastatic tumors. Tumorigenesis with KG-1 cells was inconstant.
      Within each cell line, cytologic, electron-microscopic, cytogenetic, isoenzyme,
      immunochemical, and enzyme cytochemical studies confirmed identity of cultured
      and tumor cells. Adenosine triphosphatase reactivity was limited to leukemic
      cells in vivo. Isoenzyme electrophoretic patterns, distinct for each cell line,
      provided a reliable criterion to establish clonality and to verify tumor cell
      origin. Antitumor activity of the active vitamin-D3 metabolite 1,25-(OH)2D3 was
      assessed in vivo against U937, K562, and HL-60 cells by cell transplantation and
      concurrent s.c. contralateral implantation of miniosmotic pumps containing the
      1,25-(OH)2D3 in a propylene glycol vehicle. Tumors developed in all treated U937
      mice, 50% with K562 and 25% bearing HL-60 transplants. All transplants
      proliferated in mice either with pumps containing only vehicle or no pumps.
      Coincidence of tumor and vehicle decreased survival time. No differences in
      cytoreactivities or morphology were apparent between cultured cells and tumor
      cells in treated or untreated mice. This nude mouse system is useful for in vivo
      studies of human myelogenous leukemia cells. Implanted miniosmotic pumps provide
      controlled delivery of antineoplastic agents and their vehicles for in vivo
      studies. 1,25-(OH)2D3 may be a valuable adjunctive therapeutic for control of
      human myelogenous leukemias.

PMID- 3862597
TI  - Enhancement of erythroid differentiation in clones of human leukemic cell line
      K562 by fetal calf serum.
AB  - Clone cells of K562 that are able to synthesize hemoglobin spontaneously on a
      relatively high level were obtained by cell-cloning technique. The clone cell
      proliferated 25 times by day 6 in culture, and the growth rate was not affected
      by changing the dose of fetal calf serum (FCS) from 5% to 30%. On the other hand,
      the erythroid differentiation could be linearly enhanced by increasing dosage of
      FCS, reaching a maximum after four days in culture. The wild-type K562 cells were
      also slightly stimulated to synthesize hemoglobin by adding FCS (30% final
      concentration). The enhancing effect of 30% FCS on the erythroid differentiation
      in the clone cells was greater than that of 12.5 microM hemin, while in the wild
      type cells the relationship was reversed. There were no effects of erythropoietin
      (Epo) on the hemoglobin synthesis in either the clone cells or the wild-type
      cells. When various kinds of sera were added to the standard culture of the clone
      cells, only FCS had the enhancing effect. These results suggest that spontaneous
      erythroid differentiation is not induced by hemin or Epo in FCS but by FCS
      specific substance(s).

PMID- 3862598
TI  - Different Ia antigen characterization between granulocyte progenitor cells (CFC
      G) and monocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFC-M).
AB  - Ia-like antigen-positive (Ia+) and -negative (Ia-) cell populations were
      separated from human cord blood cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells by a
      rosette technique with a combined use of staphylococcal protein-A-coated bovine
      red blood cells and the monoclonal OKIa 1 antibody, or by using a cell-sorting
      technique. Colony-forming units-granulocytes-monocytes-macrophages (GFU-GM) were
      assayed in a semisolid agar culture, and colony-forming cells-granulocytes (CFC
      G) were differentiated from colony-forming cells-monocytes-macrophages (CFC-M) by
      double staining for esterase activity. The majority of CFC-G in cord blood was
      grown in the Ia+ fraction; Ia+ CFC-G/Ia- CFC-G = 1.62 +/- 0.34 (mean +/- SD),
      which was similar to the ratio in bone marrow (Ia+/Ia- = 1.80 +/- 0.37). In
      contrast, the majority of CFC-M in cord blood was grown in the Ia- fraction;
      Ia+/Ia- for CFC-M = 0.50 +/- 0.09. The predominance of CFC-G in the Ia+ fraction
      in contrast to predominance of CFC-M in the Ia- fraction was confirmed by using a
      cell-sorting technique. T-lymphocyte depletion and the culture supernatants of
      Ia+ and Ia- cells did not affect differentiation of CFC-G and CFC-M. These data
      suggest that there are potent differences in the expression of Ia-like antigens
      between CFC-G and CFC-M, indicating that the Ia+ progenitor cell population
      generates predominantly CFC-G, whereas the Ia- population generates mainly CFC-M
      during the maturation process in granulopoiesis.

PMID- 3862599
TI  - Studies on the use of nonhuman primates to determine the DR status of the human
      hematopoietic stem cell.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies that recognize monomorphic determinants of human DR are
      potentially useful for the in vitro elimination of malignant cells from marrow
      for use in autologous transplantation. While DR is expressed on normal
      hematopoietic progenitor cells and the cells of the majority of the hematologic
      and lymphoid malignancies, there is the possibility that DR may not be expressed
      on the hematopoietic stem cells responsible for marrow regeneration after
      transplantation. To resolve the uncertainty regarding the DR status of the human
      stem cell, we determined whether antihuman DR monoclonal antibodies recognized
      analogous antigens on nonhuman primate hematopoietic progenitor cells to
      determine an appropriate animal transplant model. We used antihuman DR plus C'
      mediated lysis of marrow progenitor cells as an indicator of whether the
      analogous nonhuman primate cells express similar antigens. Using two potent C'
      fixing anti-DR monoclonal antibodies separately (5F3, AMG-12), human progenitor
      cells are reduced by 90%-100%. The range of progenitor cell depletion varied more
      widely with the nonhuman primates studied: 80%-99% with cells from the
      chimpanzee, 48%-100% with cells from the orangutan, and 62%-100% with cells from
      the rhesus monkey. Despite this, the majority of animals yielded results
      identical to that seen with human cells. We concluded that autologous
      transplantation with DR-depleted rhesus bone marrow into a lethally irradiated
      animal would be a practical and expeditious means to determine the DR status of
      the cell responsible for marrow regeneration, and by inference the DR status of
      the human hematopoietic stem cell.

PMID- 3862600
TI  - Growth inhibitory effect of gene-cloned interferons on human myeloblast colonies.
AB  - The effect on marrow myeloblast colony formation in blood from nine patients with
      acute myeloid leukemia was studied by using three recombinant-DNA-derived human
      leukocyte interferons (IFN alpha 2, IFN alpha-A, and IFN alpha-C). In preliminary
      experiments, a brief exposure of leukemic marrow cells to IFN alpha resulted in a
      sharp increase in the IFN-induced enzyme 2-5A synthetase, indicating the
      expression of IFN cell receptors as well as the ability of leukemia cells to
      respond metabolically. Dose-response studies showed a dose-dependent suppression
      of myeloblast colony formation in all experiments using concentrations of 10(2)
      10(5) U/ml of the three IFN subtypes. In self-renewal assays derived from the
      primary cultures that initially contained IFN alpha 2, a "carryover"
      antiproliferative effect was observed with a dose-dependent decline in secondary
      growth. In comparison studies of IFN alpha-A and IFN alpha-C, the suppressive
      effect on primary myeloblast growth was much more pronounced with IFN alpha-C at
      concentrations of 10(3) U/ml and higher; in self-renewal assays, the
      antiproliferative effect of IFN alpha-C on secondary growth was no longer
      observed, whereas that of IFN alpha-A persisted. These three subtypes of gene
      cloned IFN have antileukemic properties in vitro, with differences in degree of
      suppression of primary myeloblast growth and of self-renewal.

PMID- 3862601
TI  - Tobacco smoke: respiratory tract defense mechanisms and therapeutic implications.
      An international symposium held in Lugano, CH, April 13-14, 1984.

PMID- 3862602
TI  - Protective action of sulfur compounds against aldehyde toxicants of cigarette
      smoke.
AB  - Acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde are important toxicants of cigarette
      smoke. Since acetaldehyde is a toxicant common to both heavy alcohol drinking and
      heavy cigarette smoking, protection studies were undertaken in rats first against
      acetaldehyde lethality and later against acrolein and formaldehyde lethality.
      This paper summarizes findings from previously published studies. With
      acetaldehyde (LD 90 dose/72 hrs.) protection studies were carried out by
      pretreatment with a high oral dose (2 mmoles/kg) of L-cysteine and 17 other
      sulfur compounds. Good protection (80% or more survivors) was obtained with L
      cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, thiamin . HCl, sodium metabisulfite, L-cysteic acid,
      and a combination (CTA) of L-cysteine, thiamin . HCl, and L-ascorbic acid. N
      acetylcysteine, L-cysteic acid, and the combination CTA gave 100% protection
      (i.e. 100% survivors). With acrolein (LD 95 dose/72 hrs.), protection data showed
      80% survivors with L-cysteine and 95% with the combination CTA. With formaldehyde
      (LD 95 dose/72 hrs.), protection resulted in 20% survivors with L-cysteine and
      55% with the combination CTA. However, protection against formaldehyde lethality
      could be increased to 90% survivors by repeated dosing with L-ascorbic acid per
      se over a two day period prior to administration of formaldehyde. Further animal
      experimentation is necessary before any extrapolation of these findings for human
      use can be considered. Due to current interest, the potential value of N
      acetylcysteine as a protectant is also discussed.

PMID- 3862603
TI  - Pharmacoprevention of tobacco smoke effects on macrophage cells.
AB  - Cigarette smoke components produce a variety of morphologic, physiologic,
      biochemical, and enzymatic changes in pulmonary alveolar macrophages, cells which
      are important in pulmonary antibacterial defenses, cellular regulatory activity,
      and tissue pathogenesis of inflammation, proteolysis and fibrogenesis. A common
      denominator of enzymes found to be inhibited by cigarette smoke components is a
      sulfhydryl moiety which is critical to the functioning of the enzyme and highly
      susceptible to oxidant activity of substances with the properties of agents in
      cigarette smoke. The inhibitory effect of cigarette smoke components on
      glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, calcium and magnesium ATPase, and
      endoperoxide E-isomerase is quantitatively prevented by the addition of
      sulfhydryl agents such as glutathione and cysteine. Furthermore, critical
      functions of whole cell activity such as phagocytosis, energy metabolism, and
      prostaglandin synthesis and release, functions which are dependent on sulfhydryl
      enzymes and are inhibited by cigarette smoke components, are protected when
      glutathione or cysteine are provided in advance of the exposure. These sulfhydryl
      agents also protect adhesion and cellular morphology from derangement by
      cigarette smoke components. These in vitro studies suggest a role for sulfhydryl
      containing agents in the prevention of environmentally-induced injuries to
      alveolar macrophages.

PMID- 3862604
TI  - Effect of oral acetylcysteine on tobacco smoke-induced secretory cell
      hyperplasia.
AB  - The present investigation explores whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibits the
      secretory cell hyperplasia known to occur experimentally in specific pathogen
      free (SPF) bronchitic rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups: no tobacco
      smoke (TS), no drug, no TS but NAC (1040 mg/kg body weight), TS but no drug, and
      TS plus NAC. NAC-treated animals showed no ill effects, TS exposed animals showed
      an initial fall in weight gain which never fully recovered (P less than 0.01):
      NAC did not protect. TS caused a significant increase (62-421%) in secretory cell
      number at all airway levels distal to the upper trachea (P less than 0.01) and
      NAC significantly inhibited it (P less than 0.01-0.05) in all, mostly in
      secretory cells containing acidic glycoprotein. TS exposure also induced a
      significant rise in epithelial cell concentration and of ciliated, mucous and
      especially basal cell number (P less than 0.001). NAC inhibited the mucous cell
      increase (P less than 0.001) and had 3 effects on the peak of dividing cells: it
      was (a) delayed until 3 days (b) greatly reduced in size and (c) prolonged at a
      lower level until its return to control values at 10 days of TS exposure.

PMID- 3862605
TI  - N-acetylcysteine protection against the toxicity of cigarette smoke and cigarette
      smoke condensates in various tissues and cells in vitro.
AB  - The protective effect of N-acetylcysteine on the toxicity of tobacco smoke
      condensates was investigated using different cellular in vitro systems. Cigarette
      smoke condensates, and the non-volatile and semi-volatile fractions separated
      from the condensate were used. All three smoke condensate fractions were toxic to
      isolated rat hepatocytes and lung cells and caused a loss of cell membrane
      integrity. A rapid depletion of cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) preceded the
      toxicity. The loss of GSH was due to conjugation of reactive compounds in the
      condensate fractions and not to oxidation since no increase in oxidized
      glutathione (GSSG) could be observed. N-acetylcysteine at a concentration of 1 mM
      protected both from the GSH loss and cell toxicity caused by the condensate
      fractions. The effect of the tobacco smoke condensate on the colony forming
      efficiency (CFE) of cultured human bronchial cells was also investigated. Already
      at concentrations of 50 micrograms/ml the survival decreased to 40% of control
      and at 100 micrograms/ml almost no cells formed colonies. N-acetylcysteine
      substantially increased survival when added at 10 mM concentration.

PMID- 3862606
TI  - Lung cell oxidant injury: decrease in oxidant mediated cytotoxicity by N
      acetylcysteine.
AB  - Lung cell damage mediate by polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) reactive oxygen
      metabolites has been suggested as a pathophysiologic mechanism in a variety of
      acute and chronic pulmonary disease states, while oxidant injury may be a non
      specific cytotoxic mechanism. Reducing agents therefore represent one therapeutic
      direction for decreasing lung cell injury in several clinical circumstances. N
      Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a known antioxidant which can be distributed in soluble
      form to multiple intrapulmonary sites. We have therefore examined a possible role
      for NAC against oxidant injury in a controlled in vitro model for oxygen
      metabolite cytotoxicity. Our data suggest that extracellular NAC is able to
      protect lung cells against PMN mediated oxidant injury. Pre-exposure of lung
      cells to NAC results in decreased susceptibility to oxidant damage by increasing
      intracellular antioxidant defense systems. An increase in extracellular and/or
      intracellular resistance to toxic oxygen metabolites by NAC may be one approach
      to the prevention of in vivo lung oxidant injury.

PMID- 3862607
TI  - Effect of N-acetylcysteine in subjects with slow pulmonary mucociliary clearance.
AB  - There is significant evidence that in the general population there are subjects
      either with fast or slow pulmonary mucociliary clearance rates. At the moment we
      do not know the physiological importance of such finding. Slow clearers should be
      regarded as a subpopulation at risk for bronchopulmonary diseases. Therefore, it
      would be of considerable interest if their mucociliary function could be
      stimulated by drugs for preventive purposes. Twelve apparently healthy subjects
      with slow mucociliary clearance rate, selected in an epidemiologic survey in a
      non-smokers population were given 0.6 g oral N-acetylcysteine/day/60 days in a
      double-blind cross-over randomized study. After treatment their mucociliary
      clearance rates increased by about 35% as compared with baseline values, and
      returned to pre-treatment values after the washout period. Subjects were
      unresponsive to placebo treatment. It would seem that slow clearers are protected
      against lung aggressions by prevention and/or mucus-active drugs.

PMID- 3862608
TI  - Improvement of mucociliary transport in smokers by mucolytics.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of two mucolytic
      drugs with different mechanism of action on mucociliary transport (MCT). N
      acetylcysteine (NAC-600 mg/day) and ambroxol (AMB-90 mg/day) were administered
      according to a double-blind cross-over scheme to 12 heavy smokers suffering from
      hypersecretory bronchitis and homogeneous reduction of the MCT. Placebo of both
      treatments was administered during an interval of ten days between the
      administrations of NAC and AMB. The entire treatment period was 30 days. The data
      were analyzed according to ANOVA for the two-period cross-over clinical trial.
      The results indicate that: NAC and AMB, administered both before and after
      placebo, produce a significant increase in MCT, NAC showed a slightly greater
      efficacy than AMB, but the differences are not statistically significant. The
      overall efficacy of NAC and AMB is consistently greater than that of placebo. The
      sequence of administration of the drugs does not influence their effect.

PMID- 3862609
TI  - Smoking control programmes.

PMID- 3862610
TI  - Protective action of thiols on neutrophil function.
AB  - A reduced chemotactic responsiveness of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)
      isolated from peripheral blood of smokers has previously been demonstrated and
      suggested to be an acute effect of smoking. The purpose of our studies were to
      determine: if the exposure of PMN to cigarette smoke in vitro inhibits
      chemotaxis; which fractions/components of smoke were the most potent inhibitors;
      the mechanism of chemotaxis inhibition. Whole smoke, the gas phase of smoke and
      the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of smoke condensate were all shown to be potent
      inhibitors of PMN chemotaxis. Upon fractionation of cigarette smoke condensate
      according to the polarity of the constituents, the polar fractions were the most
      potent inhibitors, while the nonpolar fractions were relatively weak inhibitors.
      Among the polar constituents tested the alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehyde,
      acrolein and crotonaldehyde were the most potent inhibitors of PMN chemotaxis.
      Cysteine completely protected PMN chemotaxis from the inhibitory effects of WSF,
      acrolein and crotonaldehyde, but provided only partial protection against the
      effects of whole cigarette smoke and the gas phase of smoke. Reduced glutathione
      completely protected against the effects of WSF and ony partially protected
      against the effects of the polar fractions of cigarette smoke. Impaired PMN
      chemotaxis as a result of smoke exposure may contribute to the increased
      susceptibility of heavy smokers to bronchopulmonary infections.

PMID- 3862611
TI  - A review of the effects of cigarette smoke on airway mucosal function.
AB  - This review examines the effects of tobacco smoke on the production and clearance
      of lower airway secretions, in healthy smokers and smokers with chronic
      bronchitis. Cigarette smoke shows to have a profound effect on airway mucociliary
      function, producing structural and functional changes in the mucosa.

PMID- 3862613
TI  - Acute effects of tobacco smoke on alveolar macrophages cultured in gas phase.
AB  - With a culture technique in gaseous phase which permits a direct contact between
      cells and the atmosphere, without any liquid interposition, we studied the short
      term effects of tobacco smoke on guinea pig alveolar macrophages (AM). Tobacco
      smoke had a cytotoxic effect on AM as evaluated by the decrease in cell ATP
      content, total smoke appearing more toxic than the gas phase. Toxicity of smoke
      gas phase is also ascertained by morphologic cell changes in electron microscopy
      and by a decrease in cell bactericidal activity. The large variation in AM
      susceptibility is not related to cell content in superoxide dismutase but seems
      to be in good correlation with AM glutathione content, especially when cells are
      cultured with N-acetylcysteine. However, the protective glutathione action is not
      total and seems less important than the one observed with a low concentration of
      NO2 (0.2 ppm/24 hours).

PMID- 3862612
TI  - Eglin c, a pharmacologically active elastase inhibitor.
AB  - Eglin c is an elastase/cathepsin G inhibitor from leech Hirudo medicinalis. The
      gene for this 70 aminoacid peptide was synthesized chemically, cloned and
      expressed by E. coli. Here we report biochemical and pharmacological studies. The
      rate of complex formation between Eglin c and human leukocyte elastase (HLE) or
      human cathepsin G (H. Cat. G) was determined and compared to those of a number of
      other proteinase/proteinase-inhibitor interactions (alpha 1 PI and alpha 2M). The
      association rate constants of Eglin c with the leukocyte enzymes are of the same
      order of magnitude as those with the naturally occurring inhibitors alpha 1 PI
      and alpha 2M. The association rate constant of Eglin c (extracted from leech) and
      Eglin c (biotechnology product) with HLE was found to be identical. The
      equilibrium constants Ki of the Eglin c/HLE and the Eglin c/H. Cat. G
      interactions are in the order of 10(-10) M. In an experiment with the hamster
      emphysema model, 0.5 mg or 2 mg of Eglin c applied intratracheally one hour
      before an HLE-insult completely protected the animals against emphysema and no
      signs of toxicity due to Eglin c were observed.

PMID- 3862614
TI  - Mechanisms of tobacco smoke toxicity on pulmonary macrophage cells.
AB  - The enhanced morbidity from nonspecific respiratory infections found in smokers
      may be attributable to chemically-induced defects in the respiratory tract
      defense mechanisms that are organized around the alveolar macrophage. We have
      isolated by filtration and gas chromatography several cytotoxic components and
      single chemicals of the vapor phase of tobacco smoke and studied their cytotoxic
      effects on pulmonary alveolar macrophages. The filtered gas phase of cigarette
      smoke or acrolein suppresses phagocytic uptake and intracellular digestion of
      staphylococci when exposed in vitro; produces marked morphologic changes in the
      cytoplasmic membrane; inhibits cellular adhesion; disturbs glycolysis and
      arachidonic metabolism; inhibits calcium and magnesium ATPase, glyceraldehyde 3
      phosphate dehydrogenase, and probably endoperoxide E-isomerase, but not sodium
      and potassium ATPase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase or lactic dehydrogenase
      in a dose-response fashion. Furthermore, in vivo studies show that acrolein
      exposure suppresses antibacterial defenses of the lung. These cellular
      deficiencies may be responsible for a significant component of altered host
      resistance in smokers who suffer increased morbidity from nonspecific respiratory
      infections.

PMID- 3862615
TI  - Discussion on smoke and mucociliary transport.
AB  - While the acute cilio-inhibitory action of tobacco smoke is no longer to be
      proved, the relative importance of the various components involved in such an
      effect still remains a subject for discussion. We have tried to determine the
      relative part played by the main compounds of the gaseous and particulate phases
      taking into account, on the one hand, the dilution factor occurring in the smoker
      during inhalation, and, on the other hand, the reversibility of the phenomena.
      Moreover, we have tried to specify the effect of the ciliary inhibition on the
      mucus rate of transport. Finally, among the possible mechanisms of action, we
      have examined the influence of the blockage of sulfhydryl groups in the cilio
      inhibition induced by tobacco smoke.

PMID- 3862616
TI  - The inhibitory effect of tobacco smoke compound on ciliary activity.
AB  - The embryo chicken trachea was used as an in vitro model to study the
      ciliotoxicity of the volatile part of the particulate phase of cigarette smoke
      condensate (CSC). We also report on the ciliotoxicity of 11 phenols belonging to
      the semi-volatile fraction. The particulate phase of CSC was divided into a semi
      volatile (SV) and a non-volatile (NV) fraction. The toxicity of CSC, SV and NV
      was approximately the same, giving ciliostasis within 21-28 minutes at a
      concentration of 1 mg/ml. The SV-fraction, constituting 12 percent of the
      particulate phase, was further divided into 4 subfractions: acids, phenols, bases
      and neutrals. The neutral fraction was significantly (p less than 0.001) more
      toxic than any of the other fractions, giving ciliostasis after 17 minutes at a
      concentration of 1 mg/ml. Least toxic was the basic fraction, mainly consisting
      of nicotine. At a concentration of 3 mg/ml, the mean value for ciliostasis was 64
      minutes. From the investigation of phenols it was found that alkylated phenols
      were more ciliotoxic than phenol. The toxicity was enhanced with increasing chain
      length of the substituent, i.e. with increasing lipophilicity.

PMID- 3862617
TI  - Mucociliary clearance and airways obstruction in smokers, ex-smokers and normal
      subjects who never smoked.
AB  - On 17 ex-smokers (7 without chronic bronchitis, 10 with chronic bronchitis) and
      48 smokers (13 without chronic bronchitis, 35 with chronic bronchitis) we
      analyzed the correlation between smoking habits (pack years, smoking and ex
      smoking time), mucociliary clearance rate (mC) and airways obstruction. The mC
      was measured with 99mTc tagged monodisperse erythrocytes. The static and dynamic
      lung volumes, the maximal expiratory flow volume curve and the airway resistance
      were measured by whole body plethysmography. The ex-smokers without chronic
      bronchitis showed the same mucociliary clearance rate (t-mC in 1 h = 38.3 +/-
      10.3%) as the 80 control subjects who never smoked (t-mC in 1 h = 36.9 +/-
      12.6%). But the subjects who never smoked showed less airway obstruction. The
      mucociliary clearance rate in normal subjects who never smoked is a function of
      age: t-mC in 1 h = -0.37 X age + 53; c-mC in 1 h = -0.45 X age + 73; p-mC in 1 h
      = -0.25 X age + 38. The smokers without chronic bronchitis showed normal
      ventilatory function tests but a lower mC rate (t-mC in 1 h = 27.8 +/- 12.3%)
      than the healthy ex-smokers and the control subjects who never smoked (p less
      than 0.01). The ex-smokers and smokers with chronic bronchitis had a lower mC
      rate (t-mC in 1 h = 21.2 +/- 11.3% and 18.1 +/- 9.1) and more airway obstruction
      (p less than 0.001) than the subjects who did not report any symptoms of chronic
      bronchitis. The ex-smokers with persistent symptoms of chronic bronchitis showed
      the severest degree of airways obstruction. The smokers with chronic bronchitis
      showed the most delayed central mC (c-mC) rate, but less airway obstruction than
      the ex-smokers with persistent symptoms of chronic bronchitis. The smoking habits
      (pack years) correlated with the decreased mC rate (p less than 0.01) and the
      degree of airways obstruction (p less than 0.001).

PMID- 3862618
TI  - Eating disorders in women.

PMID- 3862619
TI  - [Artificial respiration machine for small laboratory animals].

PMID- 3862620
TI  - Activity of delta(5)3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and steroid hormones
      content in early preimplantation horse embryos.
AB  - The activity of delta (5)3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was examined
      histochemically in 6 to 10 days aged horse blastocysts. A positive reaction was
      noted in the blastomeres of all embryos incubated in medium with substrate.
      Measurable amounts of progesterone, androgens and estrogens were found in
      blastocysts on day 8th. The presence of enzyme and hormones suggests that steroid
      hormone production takes place in very early preimplantation horse embryos.

PMID- 3862621
TI  - [Color and esthetics. A secret of trace factors].

PMID- 3862622
TI  - [Working with the color-layer liquid. The color is already visible before
      baking].

PMID- 3862623
TI  - [New way of contact-free temperature determination].

PMID- 3862624
TI  - [Teaching dental technicians. Morphology of the teeth. 27/1: Functional
      occlusion].

PMID- 3862625
TI  - The radiology of trauma.

PMID- 3862626
TI  - The radiology of inflammation of the jaws.

PMID- 3862627
TI  - Theory of pantomographic imaging, normal radiographic anatomy, and developmental
      abnormality interpretation.

PMID- 3862628
TI  - The radiology of benign and malignant lesions.

PMID- 3862629
TI  - In situ ultrastructural demonstration of cells bearing Ia antigens in the murine
      pancreas.
AB  - Although an important role has been postulated for class II major
      histocompatibility gene products in the rejection of transplanted islets, the
      identity of the cells bearing these molecules within pancreatic tissue has been
      the topic of some controversy. To clearly define the cell population(s) within
      the murine pancreas that express Ia antigens, perfused murine pancreata were
      processed for the ultrastructural in situ demonstration of Ia antigens. It was
      found that Ia antigen expression was restricted to mononuclear cells adjacent to
      capillaries throughout the exocrine and endocrine portions of the pancreas.
      Vascular endothelium and ductular epithelium did not express detectable amounts
      of Ia antigens.

PMID- 3862630
TI  - [Construction of a genetic map of the chromosome of Vibrio cholerae based on
      conjugational crossings].
AB  - The results of cholera vibrio chromosomal mapping using Vibrio cholerae classica
      and V. cholerae eltor donor strains obtained with the help of various R.
      plasmids, are summarized in the paper. A genetic map of V. cholerae chromosome
      was established showing the order of 35 gene markers. The relationship between
      the genetic structures of cholera eltor and classical vibrio biotypes is
      discussed.

PMID- 3862631
TI  - [Dust load of respiratory organs in miners working in breakage faces of coal
      mines].

PMID- 3862632
TI  - Changes in the white blood picture during experimental larval ascariasis,
      toxocariasis and toxascariasis.
AB  - Haematological changes were studied in rabbits experimentally infected with
      different doses of Ascaris suum, Toxacara canis and Toxascaris leonina. The
      numbers of leucocytes, eosinophiles and neutrophiles were changed and the
      strongest eosinophila was observed between the 2nd and 3rd week of infection (5.2
      7.1%). The intensity of reaction was not related to the used infection dose. The
      eosinophilia was always lower in toxocariasis and toxascariasis than in
      ascariasis at identical doses of infective material. Repeated infections resulted
      in an increase eosinophilia.

PMID- 3862634
TI  - [Physiologic and pathologic variants of the mandible in form, position and size].

PMID- 3862633
TI  - [Form changes of the mandible by therapy and growth in skeletal retrognathism and
      dentoalveolar class II,1].

PMID- 3862635
TI  - [Representation of the facial soft tissue surface in 3 dimensions with special
      reference to the mandible].

PMID- 3862636
TI  - [New Holdaway analysis in anatomically correct occlusion].

PMID- 3862637
TI  - [Biomechanical studies on the movement of the mandible in headgear activator
      treatment].

PMID- 3862638
TI  - [Surgical possibilities for changes in the form of the mandible].

PMID- 3862639
TI  - [Studies on therapeutic effect of 13-cis retinoic acid and squalene on symptoms
      of PCDFs poisoning in monkeys].

PMID- 3862640
TI  - Characterization of myeloid leukemias with monoclonal antibodies 3C5 and MY9.
AB  - The expression of two membrane antigens identified by the monoclonal antibodies
      (McAb) My9 and 3C5 has been investigated in cells from 80 acute leukemias. My9
      was positive in the blasts of 33 out of the 38 (87 per cent) cases of acute
      myeloid leukemia (AML) tested, regardless of FAB subtype, and in 13 of 18 (72 per
      cent) cases of chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) in myeloid blast crisis. The
      reactivity of 3C5 was confined to myeloblastic (M1) AML, 85 per cent of cases,
      and to lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) of B-lineage, 70 per cent of cases, including
      CGL in lymphoid transformation. My9 was negative in ALL except for an unusual
      case. The phenotype My9+, 3C5+ was seen exclusively in M1 (69 per cent) and M2
      (14 per cent) AML. Ultrastructural analysis with the immunogold method in
      combination with the myeloperoxidase (MPO) reaction showed that expression of My9
      increased in parallel with MPO activity whereas 3C5 was expressed mainly in
      myeloblasts with little MPO content. We conclude that the use of these two McAb
      will contribute to the diagnosis and classification of AML and may throw some
      light to the pathogenesis of biphenotypic acute leukemias, including TdT + AML.

PMID- 3862642
TI  - JCAH explains new rehab revisions effective in '86.

PMID- 3862641
TI  - Adolescent and adult lymphoblastic leukaemia: prognostic factors and response to
      treatment.
AB  - Thirty consecutive patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) who received
      treatment at Christchurch Hospital between 1972 and 1982 were reviewed. Complete
      remission (CR) was achieved in 80 per cent with a median survival of 65 weeks.
      Eleven of 30 patients had one or more of the following features--B cell ALL, a
      mediastinal mass, the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) and age 60 years or older at
      diagnosis. Although CR was obtained in 8 of these patients none survived three
      years. The remaining 19 patients were regarded as 'good risk' and treated by
      moderate intensity chemotherapy schedules. CR was obtained in 16 of these
      patients (84 per cent) and the estimated 5 year survival was 62 per cent with 6
      patients remaining in remission from 5 to 9 years from diagnosis. These results
      demonstrate the value of objective and reproducible clinical and laboratory
      findings in defining a subset of ALL patients which may not require high
      intensity chemotherapy schedules.

PMID- 3862643
TI  - Bronchial extramedullary hematopoiesis preceding chronic myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - Extramedullary hematopoiesis of the bronchus is rare. The case of a 72-year-old
      man in whom the right lower lobe bronchus was obstructed by extramedullary
      hematopoiesis is presented. Ten months after the initial presentation,
      Philadelphia chromosome-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia was diagnosed. Such
      findings have not been reported previously. The various anatomic locations of
      extramedullary hematopoiesis are reviewed, with an emphasis on intrathoracic and
      pulmonary presentations. The clinical and pathologic features and the
      differential diagnosis in the present case are discussed.

PMID- 3862644
TI  - Genetic drift of marker Y chromosome del(Y)(q12) in Khanty from the lower Ob
      river.
AB  - A cytogenetic study of Khanty from the lower Ob river in West Siberia has
      detected a high frequency of the Y chromosome heterochromatin subtotal deletion-
      del(Y)(q12). This morphologically identical deletion was found in 32 of 154 males
      examined (20.8%). The carriers had 10 different surnames. Taking into account the
      small size, isolation by distance, and historical peculiarities of the surname
      formation of the population, it has been concluded that the high frequency of the
      del(Y)(q12) results from the genetic drift of the marker chromosome.

PMID- 3862645
TI  - Genes for the 'H' subunit of human ferritin are present on a number of human
      chromosomes.
AB  - DNA has been extracted from hamster-human and mouse-human hybrid cell lines,
      restricted with EcoRI, and hybridised to a probe for the H subunit of human
      ferritin, pDBR2. Sequences highly homologous to this probe have been found on at
      least eight human chromosomes: 1, 2, 3, 6p21----6cen, 11, 14, 20, and Xq23-25---
      Xqter. Only the gene on chromosome 11 appears to be expressed in these hybrids.

PMID- 3862646
TI  - Androgenetic origin of African complete hydatidiform moles demonstrated by HLA
      markers.
AB  - The polymorphism of HLA antigens was used as a marker to investigate the genetic
      origin of hydatidiform moles in Senegal. An androgenetic etiology was
      demonstrated. When both parents shared HLA antigens a preferential inheritance in
      the mole of the shared specificities was observed. This relative compatibility of
      the molar conceptus with the mother may be an element of the process that
      prevents its early rejection.

PMID- 3862647
TI  - HLA antigens and other genetic markers in the Mapuche Indians of Argentina.
AB  - A total of 107 Mapuche Indians living in western Argentina were studied with
      respect to 16 genetic systems. For HLA, there were a few differences in relation
      to previous studies; and considering the averages observed in 15 other South
      American tribes, Mapuche Indians showed low values for A2, A9 and C3, but high
      ones for A28 and B16. This is the first report of the presence (in low
      frequencies, 1-6%) of alleles C2, C6 and C7, as well as of DR antigens (most
      frequent alleles DR4 and DR2) in South American Indians. Some peculiar reactions
      shown by products of locus B suggest the presence of antigens that are
      characteristic of the Mapuche. As for the other systems, the frequencies of R1
      (Rh) and PGM1(1) were lower but those for r (Rh), GLO1 and Hp1 were higher than
      the averages obtained considering previous studies of this ethnic group. Other
      salient findings were the variability observed in the PGM2 and C3 systems, and
      the low prevalence of Bfs.

PMID- 3862648
TI  - [The HLA system and psoriasis: a family study].

PMID- 3862649
TI  - [Anthropology of the nose].

PMID- 3862650
TI  - [Anatomical study of the external nose].

PMID- 3862651
TI  - [Possibilities of cosmetic surgery in the nasal region].

PMID- 3862652
TI  - [Autotransplantation of the premolar germs. Results].

PMID- 3862653
TI  - [The nose and the development of the soft tissue profile].

PMID- 3862654
TI  - Acute myelomonocytic leukemia cutis presenting as a conjunctival lesion.

PMID- 3862655
TI  - Optimum TMJ condyle position in clinical practice.

PMID- 3862656
TI  - Theoretical considerations for optimizing intensity differences between primary
      musculoskeletal tumors and normal tissue with spin-echo magnetic resonance
      imaging.
AB  - In the radiographic assessment of primary musculoskeletal tumors, it is important
      for therapy planning to accurately define the extent of a tumor. Using a double
      spin-echo pulse sequence, the T1 and T2 relaxation times and relative hydrogen
      densities of several neoplastic tissues and of several normal tissues in four
      patients were measured. Neoplasms measured included one fibrosarcoma, two
      osteosarcomas, and one giant cell tumor. Normal tissues measured included normal
      muscle, fat, and bone marrow. Using a mathematical model of the double spin-echo
      pulse sequence, the intensity difference between each tumor and each normal
      tissue for multiple values of TR and TE was calculated. These calculated
      intensity differences were then used to plot isodifference contour curves for
      each tissue pair. These plots enabled us to pick combinations of TR and TE that
      optimized the signal difference between tumor and normal tissue. When comparing
      tumor with predominantly fatty tissue such as marrow or subcutaneous fat, optimal
      signal difference in our imager occurred at a TR of 600 to 800 msec and a very
      short TE. When comparing tumor with muscle, optimal signal difference occurred
      with very long TR times, and TE times ranging from 30 to 90 msec. These
      preliminary results suggest that an optimal scanning protocol for primary
      musculoskeletal tumors should contain at least two different pulse sequences with
      widely separated TR values (500 and 2000 msec in our instrument), and short to
      intermediate values of TE (28 and 56 msec in our instrument). It is believed that
      analysis of isodifference contour plots is a useful method for optimizing
      intensity differences between any two tissue types.

PMID- 3862657
TI  - Comparative uptake of 67Ga and 99mTc MDP in rabbits with a benign noninfected
      bone lesion (fracture).
AB  - Mid-shaft fractures of the radius and ulna were produced in 3 to 4 kg New Zealand
      white rabbits and quantitative uptake of 99mTc MDP and 67Ga determined at 11, 18,
      25, 32, 51, and 78 days following fracture. Two hundred microCi of 67Ga was
      administered 24 hours prior to sacrifice and 1.5 mCi 99mTc MDP 2 hours prior to
      sacrifice. Specific activity ratios (SARs) were determined between fracture and
      control sides for bone, muscle and skin. SARs for bone were surprisingly similar
      for 99mTc MDP and 67Ga, reaching peak values of 6.07 +/- 0.64 (99mTc 18 days);
      6.58 +/- 0.90 (67Ga 32 days), subsequently decreasing to minimum values at 78
      days postfracture (99mTc MDP 2.25 +/- 0.14; 67Ga 2.18 +/- 0.08). There was no
      statistically significant difference in SAR for 99mTc MDP vs. 67Ga in bone at any
      time after fracture. Whole sections of limb were resected on selected animals and
      activity ratios determined for these sections as a function of the contribution
      of activity from the various tissues in the volume of interest. Total activity
      ratios of 67Ga were lower than bone SARs as a result of the contribution of
      activity from muscle and skin. Thus the apparent lower activity ratios noted on
      67Ga images compared with 99mTc MDP images in this fracture model were not due to
      differences in bone SARs but rather due to the higher soft tissue background
      activity contribution in the 67Ga images.

PMID- 3862658
TI  - Isolation and chemical structure of aklanonic acid, an early intermediate in the
      biosynthesis of anthracyclines.
AB  - The fermentation, isolation and structure elucidation of aklanonic acid are
      described. The compound was isolated from fermentations of Streptomyces strain
      ZIMET 43,717. Aklanonic acid is a yellow-orange crystalline substance, melting at
      203-204 degrees C (dec), having the molecular formula C21H16O8, and possessing UV
      maxima at 258, 282 (sh) and 438 nm (CHCl3). In dimethyl sulfoxide or pyridine
      aklanonic acid is unstable and a new compound (aklanone) is formed as a
      conversion product. The elucidation of the structures has shown that aklanonic
      acid and aklanone are derivatives of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone.

PMID- 3862659
TI  - The in-vitro activity of EN 272, a quinolone-7-carboxylic acid, in comparison
      with other quinolones.
AB  - The in-vitro activity of EN 272, a quinolone-7-carboxylic acid was determined and
      compared with that of enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ampicillin, cephalexin
      and trimethoprim. EN 272 inhibited the majority of the Enterobacteriaceae at
      concentrations of less than or equal to 1.6 mg/l. EN 272 was four- to 32-fold
      less active than the other new quinolones, but it inhibited organisms resistant
      to nalidixic acid, ampicillin and cephalexin. EN 272 had poor activity against
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa and streptococcal species, but it did inhibit most
      staphylococci at less than or equal to 6.3 mg/l. EN 272 was less active at pH 5.5
      and in urine as are other quinolones.

PMID- 3862660
TI  - The activity of imipenem on Legionella pneumophila, with a note on the treatment
      of two cases.
AB  - An in-vitro assessment of the activity of imipenem, a new carbapenem beta-lactam
      antibiotic, was undertaken on isolates of Legionella pneumophila. The minimum
      inhibitory concentrations of imipenem were in the range 0.03 to 0.25 mg/l and
      turbidimetric studies showed that imipenem had a marked bactericidal effect which
      was more pronounced than that seen with either rifampicin or erythromycin. Two
      patients with legionella pneumonia were successfully treated with imipenem as
      part of a clinical trial of the drug.

PMID- 3862661
TI  - Early mouse embryos produce and release factors with transforming growth factor
      activity.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that extracts from mouse embryos at mid and late
      stages of development contain factors that exhibit transforming growth factor
      activity. The work reported here demonstrates that cultured mouse embryos at
      significantly earlier stages of development produce and release factors that
      exhibit the characteristic property of transforming growth factors. Specifically,
      the data demonstrate that embryos cultured from the blastocyst stage in serum
      containing medium or in serum-free medium release factors that promote the
      anchorage-independent growth of normal rat kidney fibroblasts. It is shown that
      these factors are produced and released by cells derived from the inner cell mass
      and by trophoblasts. The precise developmental stage when production of these
      factors first begins has not been determined but our findings suggest that these
      factors are produced by cell types associated with early postimplantation
      embryos.

PMID- 3862662
TI  - Serum cholesterol binding reserve (SCBR)--a protective factor in ischemic heart
      disease.

PMID- 3862663
TI  - Chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis presenting with meningeal leukemia.

PMID- 3862664
TI  - Diffuse pulmonary infiltrates associated with subacute myelomonocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3862665
TI  - Modification of a ribonuclease from Rhizopus sp. with 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2
      morpholinyl-(4)-ethyl)carbodiimide p-toluenesulfonate.
AB  - The carboxyl group in a ribonuclease from Rhizopus sp. (RNase Rh) was modified by
      a water-soluble carbodiimide, 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinyl-(4)
      ethyl)carbodiimide p-toluenesulfonate (CMC). From the relation between the extent
      of modification and the enzymatic activity, it was concluded that at least the
      modification of two carboxyl groups seemed to induce the loss in enzymatic
      activity. In the presence of 1 M cytidine, RNase Rh activity was protected from
      the CMC-modification. Under conditions in which the enzyme was inactivated to 20%
      activity, about 70% of the enzymatic activity was retained in the presence of
      cytidine. The inactivation of the RNase Rh pre-treated with CMC in the presence
      of cytidine with [14C]CMC indicated that the RNase Rh lost its enzymatic activity
      with the incorporation of about one [14C]CMC. Therefore, it could be concluded
      that one carboxyl group is involved in the active site of RNase Rh. The binding
      of the CMC-modified RNase Rh with 2'-AMP was studied spectrophotometrically. The
      affinity of the modified RNase Rh towards 2'-AMP decreased markedly upon CMC
      modification.

PMID- 3862667
TI  - Absolute rates of globin gene transcription and mRNA formation during
      differentiation of cultured mouse erythroleukemia cells.
AB  - We have compared the rates of alpha- and beta-globin gene transcription with the
      rates of mature globin mRNA appearance in the cytoplasm during the course of
      chemically induced differentiation of mouse erythroleukemia cells by in vivo
      pulse-labeling experiments. The absolute rates for both processes were determined
      by simultaneously measuring incorporation into globin-specific transcripts and
      into the cellular nucleotide pool. The latter measurements provide a
      determination of the absolute rate of total RNA synthesis which declines during
      differentiation. Transcription from the beta major and beta minor globin genes
      was measured separately by hybridization to cloned DNA sequences from a region of
      the second intron which is highly divergent in the two genes. The results show
      that, during dimethyl sulfoxide-stimulated differentiation, transcription of
      alpha and beta major globin increases 15-25-fold, whereas beta minor globin
      transcription is not increased. Furthermore, in both undifferentiated and
      differentiated cells, the absolute rates of globin transcription are about equal
      to the rate of appearance of mature mRNA transcripts in the cytoplasm, indicating
      highly efficient processing of nuclear globin transcripts to mature mRNA before
      and after differentiation. The results indicate that dimethyl sulfoxide-induced
      accumulation of globin mRNA during differentiation is controlled almost entirely
      at the transcriptional level.

PMID- 3862666
TI  - Alteration of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities by phosphorylation with casein
      kinase I.
AB  - The phosphorylation of a highly purified aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex from
      rabbit reticulocytes by the cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase, casein
      kinase I, has been examined, and the effects of phosphorylation on the synthetase
      activities were determined. The synthetase complex, purified as described
      (Kellermann, O., Tonetti, H., Brevet, A., Mirande, M., Pailliez, J.-P., and
      Waller, J.-P. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 11041-11048), contains seven aminoacyl
      tRNA synthetases and four unidentified proteins and is free of endogenous protein
      kinase activity. Incubation of the complex with casein kinase I in the presence
      of ATP results in the phosphorylation of four synthetases, namely, glutamyl-,
      isoleucyl-, methionyl-, and lysyl-tRNA synthetases. Phosphorylation by casein
      kinase I alters binding of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex to tRNA
      Sepharose. The phosphorylated synthetase complex elutes from tRNA-Sepharose at
      190 mM NaCl, while the nonphosphorylated complex elutes at 275 mM NaCl.
      Phosphorylation by casein kinase I results in a significant inhibition of
      aminoacylation by the glutamyl-, isoleucyl-, methionyl-, and lysyl-tRNA
      synthetases; the activities of the nonphosphorylated synthetases remain
      unchanged. These data indicate that phosphorylation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
      in the high molecular weight complex alters the activities of these enzymes. One
      of the unidentified proteins present in the complex (Mr 37,000) is also highly
      phosphorylated by casein kinase I. From a comparison of the properties and
      phosphopeptide pattern of this protein with that of casein kinase I, it appears
      that the Mr 37,000 protein in the synthetase complex is an inactive form of
      casein kinase I. This observation provides further evidence for a physiological
      role for casein kinase I in regulating synthetase activities.

PMID- 3862668
TI  - Induction and desensitization of plasminogen activator gene expression by tumor
      promoters.
AB  - Tumor promoting phorbol esters and mezerein strongly induced plasminogen
      activator (urokinase, uPA) synthesis in porcine kidney cell cultures (LLC-PK1).
      Induction was due to increased uPA-mRNA levels which rose from 10 to 300
      molecules/cell within 2 h of exposure to 16 nM phorbol myristate acetate. We have
      compared the action of tumor promoters with that of 8-bromo-cAMP, another potent
      inducer of uPA; the similarities between the two kinds of induction were: both
      involved transcriptional activation of the uPA gene; both were rapid in onset,
      changes in transcription rate being detectable within 10-20 min; the initial
      rates of transcription and uPA-mRNA accumulation were substantial and in the same
      order of magnitude; neither class of inducer required protein synthesis to
      stimulate uPA transcription. The main contrast between the two types of agents
      was that the uPA response to tumor promoters was transient whereas that to cAMP
      compounds was sustained: cultures rapidly lost their response to tumor promoters
      within 2 h after initial exposure while retaining responsiveness to cAMP-related
      agents. The cells developed a specific drug-induced desensitization which was
      slowly reversed after tumor promoters were removed from the culture medium. Since
      protein kinase C is now well established as the receptor for phorbol-derived and
      several other tumor promoters it will be of interest to determine whether
      desensitization occurs at the level of receptor.

PMID- 3862669
TI  - Amiloride in differentiation and commitment of Friend erythroleukemia cells.
AB  - Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) converts almost all of the undifferentiated murine
      erythroleukemia cells (MEL or Friend cells, clone 745A) in a culture to
      differentiated cells that contain high levels of hemoglobin and that stop growing
      after a limited number of cell divisions. Contrary to other reports--that
      amiloride strongly inhibits DMSO-induced differentiation in MEL cells--in this
      laboratory, inhibition by amiloride, tested with DMSO over a range of
      concentrations in two kinds of media and at various cell densities, was found to
      be only weak or absent. Similarly, amiloride did not inhibit induction by N,N'
      hexamethylene bis-acetamide (HMBA). As expected from previous findings with other
      cell systems, amiloride inhibited protein synthesis and cell multiplication.

PMID- 3862670
TI  - Steroid sulfatase activity in amnion tissue and amnion cells maintained in
      monolayer culture.
AB  - Phenolic steroid sulfatase activity in amnion tissue, amnion homogenate,
      subcellular fractions, and amnion epithelial cells in culture was demonstrated
      with radiolabeled estrone sulfate as the substrate. Sulfatase activity could not
      be detected in either amnion tissue or cells when evaluated with
      dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate as the substrate. Phenolic steroid sulfatase
      activity in amnion tissue was linear with incubation time up to 3 h and with
      amnion tissue weight up to 800 mg/ml. The rate of estrone sulfate hydrolysis in
      amnion tissue increased in a linear manner with temperature from 3 to 60 C. The
      apparent Km of amnion tissue sulfatase for estrone sulfate was 9 microM. The
      highest specific activity of the enzyme was found in both the mitochondrial
      lysosomal and microsomal fractions. In studies with amnion epithelial cells in
      monolayer culture, phenolic steroid sulfatase activity was linear with incubation
      time up to 4 h and with cell number up to 2 X 10(5)/ml. The apparent Km of amnion
      cell sulfatase for estrone sulfate was 5.5 microM. The product of hydrolysis,
      i.e. estrone, was metabolized in situ to 17 beta-estradiol in both amnion tissue
      and cells. The hydrolysis of estrone sulfate (and possibly other phenolic steroid
      sulfates present in amniotic fluid) by amnion cells may be important in providing
      biologically potent estrogens for in situ action.

PMID- 3862671
TI  - Invisible retainers.

PMID- 3862672
TI  - Positive intermaxillary pressure appliance.

PMID- 3862673
TI  - The lateral pterygoid muscle: fact and fiction.

PMID- 3862674
TI  - Archwire engagement on posterior fixed bridges.

PMID- 3862675
TI  - Indirect band for fixed bridgework.

PMID- 3862676
TI  - Relaxation of elastomeric chains.

PMID- 3862677
TI  - Safeguarding against collection problems.

PMID- 3862678
TI  - Convulsions and encephalopathy in a patient with leukemia after treatment with
      metronidazole.

PMID- 3862679
TI  - Enzyme markers in acute non-lymphoid leukaemia.

PMID- 3862680
TI  - Monoamine oxidase inhibitor therapy for anorexia nervosa and bulimia: a
      preliminary trial of isocarboxazid.
AB  - In an open prospective clinical study, 14 female outpatients with anorexia
      nervosa or bulimia completed a 6-week trial of isocarboxazid, with a mean dose of
      34 mg. The eight bulimic and six restrictive anorexic subjects did not show any
      significant differences in medication response. Ratings of depression and anxiety
      showed significant improvement after the fourth week. Significant improvement in
      eating behavior, as measured by the number of meals missed per day, was noted.
      For the bulimic subgroup, bingeing and vomiting showed a nonsignificant
      reduction, while the urge to binge was significantly reduced. There was no
      significant weight change in either group during the study, although the
      restrictive group had gained substantially at 6-month follow-up.

PMID- 3862681
TI  - Variation among fluoride concentrations of water from domestic wells in a four
      county area.
AB  - Water samples from domestic wells in a four-county area of New Mexico were
      analyzed for fluoride over a twenty-four month period, using a specific ion
      electrode. Of the 503 nonrandomly selected samples analyzed, 33 (6.6 percent) had
      less than 0.3 ppm, 372 (73.9 percent) had between 0.3 and 0.7 ppm and 98 (19.5
      percent) had greater than 0.7 ppm of fluoride. The Council on Dental Therapeutics
      of the American Dental Association considers fluoride concentrations of greater
      than 0.7 ppm to be acceptable caries preventive levels in drinking water.
      Variation in fluoride concentration was found at all well depth intervals
      considered. It is important for dentists, physicians and nurse practitioners to
      be aware of the potential for variation of fluoride concentrations among domestic
      wells. When assessing a child's fluoride needs, the fluoride concentration of his
      or her drinking water must be known in order to optimize the benefits of fluoride
      supplements and to minimize the risk of enamel fluorosis. The fluoride level of
      community water systems is generally known by a town's water or health
      department. Water from domestic wells, however, must be assayed for fluoride on
      an individual basis to make the determination.

PMID- 3862682
TI  - Patient assessment of the value of bleaching tetracycline-stained teeth.
AB  - The use of tetracycline drugs in young children can cause discoloration of bone
      and dental hard tissues. Results show that more than half of patients treated
      were satisfied with their tooth color after bleaching.

PMID- 3862683
TI  - Idiopathic external root resorption of the entire permanent dentition: report of
      case.
AB  - A puzzling case is presented, in which no known etiology existed for a
      progressively worsening idiopathic external root resorption throughout the entire
      dentition. Parents of the patient did not pursue the option of pulp extirpation
      and calcium hydroxide treatment as a possible means of arresting the condition.

PMID- 3862684
TI  - Assessing chloral hydrate dosage for young children.
AB  - Results of this study demonstrate that a dose of 75 mg/kg of chloral hydrate
      supplemented by nitrous oxide is superior to the dose of 50 mg/kg, for behavior
      management of young children sedated for dental treatment.

PMID- 3862685
TI  - Clinical management of multiple maxillary anterior supernumerary teeth: report of
      case.
AB  - Supernumerary teeth in the maxillary midline can present both esthetic and
      pathologic concerns that can be difficult to solve. The frequency with which
      supernumerary teeth occur justifies an oral radiographic survey for preschool
      children as early detection is most important, if such complications are to be
      avoided or minimized. The case presented in this report required both surgical
      and innovative orthodontic therapy to bring an unerupted, impacted maxillary
      central incisor into proper alignment. The tooth was moved into the dental arch
      and injury to the root structure and surrounding oral tissues was avoided by
      using a combination of conservative surgical and orthodontic therapy.

PMID- 3862686
TI  - A simplified treatment for correcting an ectopically erupting maxillary first
      permanent molar.
AB  - The tooth most commonly involved in ectopic eruption is the maxillary first
      permanent molar. Treatment for this aberration of development is described,
      including a technique using a bonded button to engage the free end of the wire.
      Use of the appliance was successful.

PMID- 3862687
TI  - Mandibular buccal infected cyst in a six-year-old girl: report of case.
AB  - Characteristics of a mandibular infected cyst are unique, including: the young
      age of the patient; involvement of a caries-free, vital mandibular molar; buccal
      periostitis; and radiographic preservation of the continuity of the apical lamina
      dura. Histologic findings in this case confirmed the diagnosis.

PMID- 3862688
TI  - The use of whole cow's milk in infancy. Committee on Nutrition. American Academy
      of Pediatrics.

PMID- 3862689
TI  - Introducing gerodontology to students in Denmark.

PMID- 3862690
TI  - The incidence of 'hypersensitive' teeth in the West of Scotland.

PMID- 3862691
TI  - Kinetic studies on zinc phosphate dental cement: measurement of the electric
      conductance of cement during setting.

PMID- 3862692
TI  - Chemical disinfectants.

PMID- 3862693
TI  - Antibiotic schedules.

PMID- 3862694
TI  - Forced eruption in the treatment of transverse root fractures.
AB  - A relatively new method for treating transverse root fractures near the gingival
      crevice is reviewed. Two cases are described in which the fractured teeth are
      orthodontically erupted to facilitate restoration. A periodontal pocket was
      reduced in the first case, and the technique was modified to accommodate a
      patient wearing a partial denture in the second case. The technique appears to be
      a favorable alternative to extraction or periodontal surgery.

PMID- 3862695
TI  - Complications after mandibular third molar surgery: a statistical analysis of 500
      consecutive procedures in private practice.

PMID- 3862696
TI  - Seizure-related oral lacerations: incidence and distribution.

PMID- 3862697
TI  - Combined orthodontic and restorative treatment of malformed premolars.
AB  - This case of small malformed maxillary second premolars was treated without loss
      of teeth, without apparent compromise of periodontal health, and without major
      compromise of occlusion. A combination of orthodontic positioning of the teeth
      and recontouring with restorative dental treatment produced an expedient result
      that was esthetically pleasing as well as functional, biologically acceptable,
      and stable.

PMID- 3862698
TI  - Pilocarpine used to stimulate normal saliva production.

PMID- 3862700
TI  - Accredited dental schools. Commission on dental accreditation.

PMID- 3862699
TI  - 1985 National Children's Dental Health Month. Bureau of Health Education and
      Audiovisual Services.

PMID- 3862701
TI  - Caries potential evaluated.

PMID- 3862702
TI  - Sounds of TMJ.

PMID- 3862703
TI  - Third-party payment systems: reflections and forecasts.

PMID- 3862704
TI  - The dentist-patient relationship: perceptions by patients of dentist behavior in
      relation to satisfaction and anxiety.
AB  - This study relates perceived dentist behaviors to anxiety in patients during
      treatment and to satisfaction during the dental visit. The sample consisted of
      231 adult patients, 107 men and 124 women, at a public hospital dental clinic.
      Immediately after treatment, patients were asked to respond to a list of 21
      dentist behaviors thought to be associated with positive dentist-patient
      interaction. Criterion measures obtained were ratings of anxiety by patients
      during treatment and measures from the DVSS. None of the dentist behaviors was
      related to anxiety in patients in a way that would suggest that dentist behavior
      either reduced or increased anxiety. DAS scores obtained before treatment were
      the best predictor of anxiety in patients during treatment. Most of the dentist
      behaviors were significantly related to satisfaction in patients. Stepwise
      multiple regression analyses using DVSS scores as criterion variables indicated
      that those variables contributing most to satisfaction in patients were
      indicative of dentist communication that was accepting and caring. Anxiety in
      patients during treatment also was an important negative predictor of
      satisfaction. The results indicate that the dentist behaviors explored in this
      study were associated with satisfaction in patients, but were not clearly related
      to anxiety reduction.

PMID- 3862705
TI  - Ectopic eruption of the maxillary permanent first molar: the effect of increased
      mesial angulation on arch length.
AB  - Fifty-four cases of ectopically erupted maxillary permanent first molars were
      studied with a method using the measurements obtained from photographs of the
      study casts. The amount of relative loss of anteroposterior arch length of the
      right and left sides was shown to correlate with the increased mesial angulation
      of the maxillary permanent first molar. The bilateral ectopic group has a
      significantly larger mesial angulation of the permanent first molar on a maxilla
      with shorter anteroposterior arch length. The relative loss of arch length with
      ectopic eruption of the permanent first molar limits the use of unilateral
      appliances for treatment. The use of an appliance with bilateral arch support
      seems preferable.

PMID- 3862706
TI  - Taurodontism: review of literature and report of case.
AB  - In the foregoing case, the finding of a taurodont dentition led to further
      investigatory tests. The finding of Barr bodies in the buccal scrapings was
      insufficient to prove that the patient had Klinefelter's syndrome. The diagnosis
      of Klinefelter's syndrome was made, however, after a chromosomal analysis of the
      patient's peripheral blood samples showed a 47 XXY chromosome complement in all
      of the examined cells. The patient's underlying aneuploid condition was disclosed
      because of the radiographic study done during the dental examination. The dental
      practitioner should be familiar with taurodontism because its discovery may help
      to disclose conditions that would otherwise remain unnoticed.

PMID- 3862707
TI  - Cherubism: report of a nonfamilial case.
AB  - A case of nonfamilial cherubism and a review of literature have been reported. A
      diagnosis of cherubism was based on clinical and histopathologic examinations.

PMID- 3862708
TI  - Prevention, management, and documentation of swallowed dental objects.

PMID- 3862709
TI  - Expansile radiolucent mass in the maxilla.
AB  - The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is an uncommon, extremely benign odontogenic
      lesion that should be differentiated from the other osseous lesions. The surgical
      management should be conservative without expectation of recurrence.

PMID- 3862710
TI  - Geriatric sweet tooth. A problem with tricyclics.
AB  - Ninety-three consecutive outpatients receiving tricyclic antidepressants for at
      least one month were asked about medication side effects, including excessive
      appetite and craving for sweets. Prevalence of these side effects and their
      relationship (Pearson r) to type of medication, dosage, patient characteristics,
      diagnoses, weight gain, and clinical improvement were examined. More than one
      third (38%) reported excessive appetite, 34% had a craving for sweets, and about
      one-half (48%) had either one or the other of these reactions. These adverse side
      effects were related significantly to weight gain (P less than .001) and a higher
      dose of medication, but not to clinical improvement. Clinical improvement was in
      the moderate-to-good range but was not related to medication dose. Because
      increasing degrees of overweight can pose serious health risks, especially for
      the elderly, it is critical for future research to examine ways of maintaining
      therapeutic benefit while minimizing food craving side effects. Methods of
      dealing with these issues clinically are suggested.

PMID- 3862711
TI  - Correlation between keratinocyte expression of Ia and the intensity and duration
      of contact hypersensitivity responses in mice.
AB  - Langerhans cells are the only cells within the epidermis that normally express
      immune response-associated antigens (referred to as Ia in mice and HLA-D in
      humans). However, in the epidermis of patients with allergic contact dermatitis
      or individuals undergoing a delayed-type hypersensitivity response, the
      keratinocytes at the reaction site are induced to express HLA-DR. In this study
      the inducible expression of Ia by the keratinocytes of mice was found to be
      directly correlated with the intensity and duration of experimentally induced
      contact hypersensitivity (CH) responses. During a CH response in animals that
      were sensitized on the belly and challenged on the ear with the contact
      sensitizing (CS) agent oxazolone, the keratinocytes in the challenged, but not
      the unchallenged, ear were induced to express Ia. In comparison with animals that
      were sensitized and challenged at different sites, an intensified expression of
      Ia by the keratinocytes was associated with a twofold increase in ear swelling in
      mice that were sensitized and challenged with oxazolone at the same site.
      Curiously, the challenge of oxazolone-sensitized ears with dinitrofluorobenzene
      (an unrelated CS agent), croton oil (a nonspecific inflammatory agent), or
      acetone/olive oil (a noninflammatory agent) also induced both a marked
      keratinocyte expression of Ia and an enhanced CH response. These results suggest
      that residual antigen at the original sensitization site may be mobilized to
      function as the challenge stimulus to elicit a CH response, in association with
      keratinocyte expression of Ia, when CS-sensitized skin is perturbed with a
      nonspecific agent. Further evidence of an association between CH responsiveness
      and keratinocyte expression of Ia came from the following observations. First,
      the magnitude and duration of a CH response was markedly increased in pertussis
      toxin (PT)-treated mice. These enhanced responses were associated with intense Ia
      expression by the keratinocytes in the epidermis at the reaction site. Because PT
      is known to have an adjuvant effect on delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions,
      as well as to alter the normal regulatory mechanisms associated with this type of
      response, it is possible that Ia+ keratinocytes play a synergistic role in the
      enhanced CH responses that are observed in PT-treated animals. Second, a direct
      correlation between keratinocyte expression of Ia and CH responsiveness was
      observed in athymic nude mice that were challenged with oxazolone after receiving
      an adoptive transfer of lymphoid cells from oxazolone-primed normal syngeneic
      donors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3862712
TI  - Implications of the invariant gamma-chain on the intracellular transport of class
      II histocompatibility antigens.
AB  - We have examined the role of the invariant gamma-chain on the intracellular
      transport of human class II histocompatibility antigens. mRNA was selected by
      hybridization to cDNA corresponding to class II alpha-, beta-, and gamma-chains,
      and the obtained mRNA fractions were injected individually and in various
      combinations into X. laevis oocytes. Translation products were isolated after
      various periods of chase, and their carbohydrate moieties were analyzed to
      monitor the subcellular localization of polypeptide chains. A mixture of alpha-,
      beta-, and gamma-chains, or gamma-chains alone, were transported and glycosylated
      to the same extent as in a B lymphoblastoid cell line. However, although alpha-
      and beta-chains formed a complex in the absence of the gamma-chain, the transport
      of this complex was slowed down. Furthermore, the glycosylation of alpha- and
      beta-chains appeared incomplete. Thus, the invariant gamma-chain seems to play a
      crucial role for the rate of transport and glycosylation of class II alpha- and
      beta-chains.

PMID- 3862713
TI  - Genetic differences between two substrains of NZB mice.
AB  - We have compared the NZB/B1NJ (/NJ) and NZB/B1Pt (/Pt) mouse substrains with
      respect to a number of immunological and biochemical polymorphisms. In agreement
      with earlier findings by other workers, we detected histocompatibility antigen
      difference(s) between the two substrains. Serological analysis indicated that /NJ
      and /Pt expressed the same allotypes of H-2, Thy-1 and Lyt-1 antigens, while they
      differed for the Lyt-2 antigen. Amongst 15 biochemical polymorphisms, which we
      assayed, /NJ and /Pt differed for four, namely Pep-3, Mup-1, Gpd-1 and Hbb. In
      addition, the two NZB substrains differed for the Hc marker (haemolytic
      complement).

PMID- 3862714
TI  - [A case of acute myeloblastic leukemia with Auer bodies in polymorphonuclear
      neutrophils].

PMID- 3862715
TI  - [In vivo wear of posterior composites and its counterplan before or after
      insertion].

PMID- 3862716
TI  - [Electron microscopic observations on the interrelationship between the processes
      of ameloblasts and odontoblasts--on porcine amelogenesis].

PMID- 3862717
TI  - [Histological investigation on the relation between the initiation of occlusion
      and bone formation after the implantation of apatite ceramics].

PMID- 3862718
TI  - [Histological observations on pulpal and periapical tissue reactions after pulp
      exposure of developing molars].

PMID- 3862719
TI  - [Observations on the structure of the mandibular condyle of the prenatal
      rabbits].

PMID- 3862720
TI  - [Observations on the structure of the resting line and reversal line in the
      alveolar bone of the human mandible].

PMID- 3862721
TI  - [Observation of the structure of dentinal tubules in the superficial layer of
      human dentin].

PMID- 3862722
TI  - [Muscle pressure on the maxillary incisor and labial side of the canine tooth].

PMID- 3862723
TI  - [In vitro study of the effects of formocresol on bone absorption].

PMID- 3862724
TI  - [Dentin collagen and adhesive strength of resins].

PMID- 3862725
TI  - [Structure of the dentin matrix in the superficial layer].

PMID- 3862726
TI  - Activation of neutrophils by antigen-induced lymphokine, with emphasis on
      antibody-independent cytotoxicity.
AB  - Incubation of bovine neutrophils with antigen-stimulated mononuclear cell
      supernatant (lymphokine) caused an inhibition of neutrophil migration and an
      enhancement of the neutrophils' ability to adhere to plastic, reduce nitroblue
      tetrazolium, ingest Staphylococcus aureus, and mediate antibody-dependent cell
      mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against chicken erythrocytes. Lymphokine-treated
      neutrophils also became cytotoxic for chicken, turkey and human erythrocytes in
      the absence of specific antibody but were not cytotoxic for bovine erythrocytes.
      The increase in antibody-independent neutrophil cytotoxicity (AINC) was not due
      to direct cytotoxic activity of the lymphokine or to a stable, soluble mediator
      released by the neutrophils. Enhancement of AINC, but not ADCC, required RNA and
      protein synthesis by the neutrophil. These results indicate that several aspects
      of neutrophil function can be altered by products secreted by antigen-stimulated
      mononuclear cells and that neutrophils can be induced to recognize and to have
      increased cytotoxic activity toward heterologous erythrocytes.

PMID- 3862727
TI  - Characterization of human mononuclear cells using reduced pyridine nucleotide
      fluorescence and flow cytometry.
AB  - Peripheral blood monocytes undergo an oxidative burst similar to that seen in
      neutrophils. The basis for this response appears to be an NAD(P)H oxidase that
      utilizes reduced NAD(P)H to form superoxide anion. We utilized the unique UV
      stimulated fluorescence property of reduced pyridine nucleotides to analyze
      NAD(P)H utilization in monocytes. UV-stimulated fluorescence in mononuclear cell
      preparations indicated two populations of cells with the highly fluorescent cells
      having a Coulter volume consistent with that of monocytes. Dual laser analysis
      with monoclonal antibodies confirmed that these highly fluorescent cells are
      monocytes by showing them to be OKM1+, Leu DR+, and anti-monocyte 0.2+. Natural
      killer (NK) cells, as defined by Leu 7, were not found in this highly fluorescent
      population. Stimulation of mononuclear cells with phorbol myristate acetate
      caused a fluorescence loss indicative of NAD(P)H oxidation in monocytes but not
      in lymphocytes. Stimulation with suboptimal concentrations of PMA (1-5 ng/ml)
      resulted in a dose-dependent fluorescence loss in monocytes that occurred in an
      all-or-none fashion identical to the pattern observed in neutrophils.
      Simultaneous measurement of H2O2 production using dichlorofluorescein formation
      with NAD(P)H fluorescence indicates that oxidant production occurs in a graded
      manner. This method, then, provides a convenient way to study in single cells the
      metabolic events involved in depletion and replenishment of NAD(P)H during the
      oxidative burst and demonstrates an additional means by which to distinguish
      monocytes from lymphocytes using flow cytometry.

PMID- 3862728
TI  - Reticuloendothelial-depressing substance: studies on the mechanism of action.
AB  - This study was carried out to evaluate the mechanism of action of a
      reticuloendothelial (RE)-depressing substance. This RE-depressing substance was
      obtained from the plasma of dogs subjected to 3 hr of intestinal ischemia. RE
      depressing substance was partially purified by dialysis and reverse-phase column
      chromatography. The assay of RE-depressing activity was based on the depression
      of the rate of clearance of colloidal carbon from the blood of rats or mice. The
      effect of RE-depressing substance on three other RE system (RES) test particles
      (gelatinized lipid emulsion, formalinized sheep erythrocytes, and IgM-coated
      erythrocytes) was determined. RE-depressing substance did not affect the
      clearance rate or the organ localization of these three test particles.
      Therefore, RE-depressing substance affected only the clearance of colloidal
      carbon. Since platelet aggregation has been shown to contribute to the clearance
      of colloidal carbon, the effect of RE-depressing substance on platelet
      aggregation was evaluated. RE-depressing substance depressed in vitro platelet
      aggregation induced by ADP or collagen. It was concluded that the effect of RE
      depressing substance on the clearance of colloidal carbon was due to a depression
      of platelet aggregation rather than to a depression of hepatic macrophage
      phagocytic function.

PMID- 3862729
TI  - The participation of activated peritoneal macrophages in Treponema pallidum
      subspecies pertenue infection in Syrian hamsters.
AB  - The role of cell-mediated immunity in hamsters during treponemal infection
      appears to involve the activated macrophage. To date, studies have been hindered
      by the inability to confirm that macrophages exhibit enhanced treponemicidal
      activity at the infection site. We show that lipopolysaccharide and
      thioglycollate-treated animals, when inoculated with Treponema pallidum subsp.
      pertenue, exhibit enhanced clearance of these organisms compared with controls.
      Macrophages from these infected groups display an enhanced respiratory burst, as
      detected by NBT reduction, as well as a marked increase in C3b receptor-mediated
      ingestion activity. Significant changes in these parameters indicate that
      alterations in macrophage activation are occurring in the infected compartment.
      Thus the stimulatory agents apparently modify the host's immune responses to
      promote subsequent reduction of treponemal infection. In addition, hamster
      peritoneal macrophages demonstrate enhanced activation behavior as a result of
      exposure to at least two signals, which may be prerequisite for processing this
      organism efficiently.

PMID- 3862730
TI  - Enhanced phospholipase A2 and C activities of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Increased concentrations of eicosanoids are found in synovial fluids (SF) from
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). SF polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN),
      which derive from peripheral blood, usually account for approximately 90% of the
      cells in RA SF. Since eicosanoid precursor fatty acids (FA) are liberated by
      phospholipases from membrane phospholipids, we examined phospholipase A2 and C
      activities in peripheral blood PMN from patients with RA. Peripheral blood PMN
      from patients with RA (RA-PMN) exhibit greater phospholipase A2 activities
      against phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and greater
      phospholipase C activities against PC, PE, and phosphatidylinositol (PI) than PMN
      obtained from normal volunteers (N-PMN).

PMID- 3862731
TI  - Phagocytosis of unopsonized zymosan by human monocyte-derived macrophages:
      maturation and inhibition by mannan.
AB  - Human monocyte-derived macrophages phagocytosed zymosan in the absence of serum
      opsonins. The capacity to ingest zymosan developed after the cells were cultured
      in vitro for 3 days and was inhibited completely by mannan. We conclude that
      human monocyte-derived macrophages phagocytose unopsonized zymosan predominantly
      via mannose receptors.

PMID- 3862732
TI  - Apolipoprotein changes associated with the plasma lipid-regulating activity of
      gemfibrozil in cholesterol-fed rats.
AB  - Gemfibrozil (Lopid) is a new plasma lipid-regulating drug that decreases very low
      and low density lipoprotein (VLD/LDL) and increases high density lipoprotein
      (HDL) concentrations in man. The present experiments tested the effects of
      gemfibrozil on plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in rats fed high fat/high
      cholesterol diets. Compared to chow-fed rats, cholesterol feeding for 2 weeks
      (20% olive oil/2% cholesterol) produced the expected increases in VLDL and
      intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) while lowering plasma HDL. This was
      documented by using three methods of lipoprotein isolation: sequential
      ultracentrifugation, density gradient ultracentrifugation, and agarose gel
      filtration. Gemfibrozil gavaged at 50 mg/kg per day for 2 weeks during
      cholesterol feeding prevented these changes such that lipoprotein patterns were
      similar to those in chow-fed animals. Whole plasma apoE and apoA-I concentrations
      were decreased and apoB increased due to cholesterol feeding as determined by
      electroimmunoassay, but again gemfibrozil treatment prevented these diet-induced
      alterations. Gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of the total d
      less than 1.21 g/ml lipoprotein fractions reflected the changes in apolipoprotein
      concentrations and further demonstrated a greater increase of apoBl compared to
      apoBh in cholesterol-fed rats. Gemfibrozil lowered the concentration of both apoB
      variants and prevented the shift of apoE from HDL to lower density lipoproteins.
      Changes in the distribution of apoE were confirmed using agarose gel column
      chromatography followed by electroimmunoassay. These methods also revealed a
      shift of apoA-IV from HDL to the d greater than 1.21 g/ml, lipoprotein-free
      fraction with gemfibrozil treatment when blood was taken from fasted or
      postabsorptive animals. Since it was also noted that in chow-fed rats more apoA
      IV was present in the d greater than 1.21 g/ml fraction in the postabsorptive or
      fed state compared to fasted animals, it could be postulated that the shift of
      apoA-IV into this fraction in gemfibrozil-treated rats is related to an
      accelerated clearance of chylomicrons. It is concluded that gemfibrozil largely
      prevents the accumulation of abnormal lipoproteins in this model of
      dyslipoproteinemia, and that apoE may play a critical role in this normalization
      process.

PMID- 3862733
TI  - Assessing the potential for televised continuing dental education in the home or
      office.

PMID- 3862734
TI  - Facial keloids: an update on dental considerations and new management techniques.

PMID- 3862735
TI  - Hyperodontia, with emphasis on supernumerary molars and report of an unusual
      case.

PMID- 3862736
TI  - Prevalence of root decay in inner city geriatric patients taking anti
      hypertension medications.

PMID- 3862737
TI  - Peripheral ossifying fibroma. A case report.

PMID- 3862738
TI  - Changes in 3 beta-hydroxy- delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase activity in granulosa
      tissue during the ovulatory cycle of the laying hen (Gallus domesticus).
AB  - The object of this study was to examine changes in the activity of granulosa 3
      beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase during the ovulatory cycle of the
      domestic fowl. The enzyme activity in granulosa tissue from the largest follicle
      increased significantly during the period 8-14 h before an expected ovulation.
      The increase in activity occurs before the preovulatory surge of LH and near the
      time of lights off. During the 4-8 h period before an ovulation, i.e. the time of
      maximal plasma LH concentrations, 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase
      activity decreased in granulosa tissue from the largest follicle. This
      observation is explained by proposing that the enzyme is inhibited by the large
      amounts of progesterone found in the tissue at this time. The results indicate
      that important biochemical changes are taking place within granulosa tissue of
      the largest ovarian follicle before the preovulatory LH surge.

PMID- 3862739
TI  - The effectiveness of Gly-Oxide and sodium hypochlorite in preventing smear layer
      formation.

PMID- 3862740
TI  - The effectiveness of apical dentin plugs in sealing endodontically treated teeth.

PMID- 3862742
TI  - Foreign object removal utilizing the Cavi-Endo ultrasonic instrument.

PMID- 3862741
TI  - Macrophage response and hemolytic activity caused by the powder component of
      endodontic sealers.

PMID- 3862743
TI  - Maxillary second molar with two palatal canals and a palatogingival groove.

PMID- 3862744
TI  - Methylene blue dye: an aid to endodontic surgery.

PMID- 3862745
TI  - Trans-acting element(s) operating across species barriers positively regulate
      expression of major histocompatibility complex class II genes.
AB  - Raji, a human B lymphoma line, expresses high levels of major histocompatibility
      complex (MHC) class II antigens. Conversely, none of the detectable human Ia
      antigens is present in RJ 2.2.5, an immunoselected Raji variant. Clonal analysis,
      biochemical characterization, and nucleic acid hybridization studies of hybrids
      between mouse spleen cells and RJ 2.2.5 show that MHC class II gene expression is
      regulated in trans by a factor which, as judged by dominance studies, has the
      characteristics of an activator. Such a positive trans acting factor is expressed
      in mouse spleen cells, and is able to implement MHC class II gene expression
      across species boundaries. Expression of this factor in spleen cells strongly
      suggests that it plays a role in in vivo regulation of Ia expression. Additional
      data suggest that different subsets of class II genes such as DR and DQ may, in
      part, be regulated by different mechanisms. It has also been possible to show
      that the amount of In chain-specific mRNA, present at reduced levels in RJ 2.2.5
      cells compared to the parental Raji cells, drastically increased in human X mouse
      cells hybrids reexpressing human Ia antigens, suggesting that the In chain gene
      and the class II genes, although located on different chromosomes, are regulated
      in a concerted fashion, either directly through the same implementing factor, or
      indirectly through a cascade mechanism.

PMID- 3862746
TI  - Human hematopoietic progenitor cells in long-term cultures express HLA-DR
      antigens and lack HLA-DQ antigens.
AB  - The expression of HLA-DR antigenic determinants on human hematopoietic progenitor
      cells (HPC) capable of differentiating into mature blood cells, as determined in
      semisolid cultures, has been demonstrated previously (3-7). Here, we investigated
      the expression of class II determinants on HPC responsible for the sustained
      proliferation of colony-forming units of granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM), of
      multilineage HPC (CFU-GEMM, granulocyte/erythrocyte/macrophage/megakaryocyte),
      and burst-forming units of erythroid cells (BFU-E) in liquid long-term cultures.
      Using both fluorescence-activated cell sorting and complement-dependent
      cytotoxicity assays, HLA-DR determinants could be identified on virtually all
      these HPC capable of proliferating in long-term cultures. Experiments in which
      the stromal layer had been irradiated provided evidence that the HPC themselves
      were truly HLA-DR+, and that the sustained proliferation of HPC was not due to
      activation of HLA-DR- residual HPC in the stromal layer by reinoculated HLA-DR+
      accessory cells. Furthermore, it was shown that all HPC recognized in semisolid
      and liquid long-term cultures were HLA-DQ-. These results suggest that the human
      true pluripotential stem cell is HLA-DR+. These results open the possibility of
      studying class II-dependent regulation of hematopoiesis in liquid long-term
      cultures.

PMID- 3862748
TI  - [Study on survey, immunodiagnosis and treatment of human clonorchiasis in
      southern Taiwan].

PMID- 3862747
TI  - Multiple class I and class II major histocompatibility complex allospecificities
      are generated with T cell receptor variable (V) domains created by a single Ti
      beta V gene family.
AB  - 10 alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes using REX Ti beta variable region (V)
      gene segments in formation of their antigen/major histocompatibility complex
      (MHC) T3-Ti receptor were selected, cloned, and characterized in an effort to
      examine the extent of receptor diversity created by this one V gene family.
      Multiple and distinct class II as well as class I allospecificities were
      generated from the formation of different Ti beta V domains. Five
      allospecificities were directed at various class I epitopes whereas the other
      five were directed at class II MHC gene products. The following conclusions were
      drawn: (a) Ti beta V genes do not segregate into those that encode class I and
      those that encode class II allospecificities; and (b) there is no restriction on
      the Ti beta V gene pool available to T4+ vs. T8+ T lymphocytes.

PMID- 3862749
TI  - [Induction of morphological changes and polyamine alterations in glioma cells by
      butyrate].

PMID- 3862750
TI  - [Dietary therapy of phenylketonuric patients in Taiwan].

PMID- 3862751
TI  - Clinical experiences of diagnosis of left atrial thrombus in rheumatic mitral
      stenosis.

PMID- 3862752
TI  - Ambulatory electrocardiographic findings in patients with essential hypertension
      vs. normal subjects without apparent heart diseases.

PMID- 3862753
TI  - [The value of bile carcinoembryonic antigen in the differentiation of benign from
      malignant biliary obstruction].

PMID- 3862754
TI  - [Ultrastructural examination of psoriatic lesions in psoralen-UVA treatment].

PMID- 3862755
TI  - [Evaluation of the route of spreading of retroperitoneal abscess using computed
      tomography].

PMID- 3862756
TI  - Gastrocolic, duodenocolic and gastrojejunocolic fistulas--report of 16 cases.

PMID- 3862757
TI  - Brain abscess after skull traction--a case report.

PMID- 3862758
TI  - Congenital short small intestine in siblings.

PMID- 3862759
TI  - [Aplastic anemia secondary to glue sniffing--report of 2 cases].

PMID- 3862760
TI  - A case of an ectopic tooth in the maxillary sinus.

PMID- 3862761
TI  - Basic studies on condensability of amalgam mix.

PMID- 3862762
TI  - Multiple jaw cysts: DNA content study.

PMID- 3862763
TI  - Application of Moire topography to forensic odontology.

PMID- 3862764
TI  - Philip R. Barbell, NJDA president [interveiw].

PMID- 3862765
TI  - The temporomandibular joint from the viewpoint of the anatomist.

PMID- 3862766
TI  - Macrophage accumulation of inhaled gallium-67 citrate in normal lungs.
AB  - Injected 67Ga has been used extensively to monitor inflammatory processes in the
      peripheral lung. We hypothesized that inhaled 67Ga may be useful in marking early
      airway inflammation in smokers. Eight nonsmokers and eight smokers breathed a
      67Ga aerosol and imaging was performed immediately and 24 and 96 hr later.
      Approximately two-thirds of the initial dose remained in the lungs at 24 hr in
      both groups and no difference was seen between the groups. Only a very slight
      decrease was seen in both groups at 96 hr suggesting the gallium becomes bound to
      lung tissue or to cells not rapidly removed from the lungs. Autoradiography was
      performed on tissue from two smoke-exposed guinea pigs and two human patients
      undergoing resection surgery who breathed the gallium aerosol 24 hr prior to
      tissue removal. Silver grain accumulations were seen only over macrophages. We
      conclude that macrophage associated accumulation of 67Ga occurs in healthy lungs,
      and that it is not feasible to use aerosolized gallium to assess airway
      inflammation in smokers.

PMID- 3862767
TI  - The effect of methylene diphosphonate on the tissue distribution of gallium-67.
AB  - Nonradiolabeled methylene diphosphonate (MDP) was administered intravenously to
      CFW Swiss outbred female mice 2 hr prior to i.v. injection of [67Ga]citrate. The
      dose of MDP ranged from that usually administered for bone scanning (17.9
      micrograms/kg) to 1,000 times the usual bone scan dose (17.9 mg/kg). The animals
      were killed 24 hr after administration of [67Ga]citrate and organ distribution
      determined as compared to control animals who received no MDP. At MDP doses one
      to ten times usual bone scan dose, the only organ showing significantly different
      67Ga uptake was the lung and this difference in pulmonary uptake was accounted
      for by incidental pulmonary infection. At MDP doses 100 to 1,000 times usual bone
      scan dose, significantly altered 67Ga uptake was noted in lung, spleen, kidney,
      and gastrointestinal tract. The only consistent pattern of association of MDP
      administered dose and alteration in 67Ga uptake, however, was noted in the spleen
      where uptake was augmented with increased dose, and the bone where increased MDP
      dose depressed 67Ga uptake. Even this effect, however, was modest. It is
      concluded that at usual MDP dose levels used in bone imaging, no significant
      alterations occur in 67Ga distribution in normal mouse tissue. It is inferred
      that 67Ga scans performed following bone scans can be interpreted as if both
      radiopharmaceuticals had been administered separately.

PMID- 3862768
TI  - Tested accuracy of a decedent's age by teeth.

PMID- 3862769
TI  - ABC's periodontics. "M" is for Motivation.

PMID- 3862770
TI  - Pilot survey of the dental health of Indiana's adult population.

PMID- 3862771
TI  - The spread of odontogenic infections to the orbit: diagnosis and management.
AB  - Four cases of orbital cellulitis following the extraction of maxillary molars are
      presented. The time interval between dental extraction and development of orbital
      symptoms ranged from two hours to 13 days. All patients presented with fever,
      elevated leukocyte counts, and radiologic evidence of acute ipsilateral paranasal
      sinus infection. In addition, one patient presented with meningitis. Predisposing
      factors in three patients included nephrotic syndrome with chronic antral
      inflammation, pregnancy with upper respiratory tract infection, and heroin
      addiction. Sequelae included empyema and death, severe loss of vision, and
      blindness with ptosis and exotropia. One patient recovered completely. The
      anatomic pathways by which dental infection can spread to the orbit are
      discussed, and general therapeutic considerations are emphasized.

PMID- 3862772
TI  - The nature of vertical maxillary deformities: implications for surgical
      intervention.
AB  - A study was performed to identify the area within the maxilla where vertical
      maxillary deformities are expressed. Analysis of the maxillas of individuals who
      displayed 4 mm or more of the central incisors at rest were compared with those
      who displayed less than 1 mm. Similarly, individuals who had greater than or
      equal to 2 mm negative incisor overbite (open-bite) were compared with those who
      had greater than or equal to 2 mm positive overbite. The results showed that the
      vertical position of the maxillary skeleton (palate) was similar in all groups.
      The vertical excess was found to lie within the dentoalveolus. The clinical
      implications of these results are discussed.

PMID- 3862773
TI  - Chondrosarcoma of the jaw: review of fourteen cases.
AB  - From 1960 to 1983 a total of 14 cases of chondrosarcoma of the jaws were treated
      at the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. The age of the patients
      ranged from 19 to 55 years (average age, 35 years), and nine of the patients were
      male. Six of the lesions were located in the maxilla and eight in the mandible.
      Most of the patients presented too late in the course of the disease to benefit
      from treatment; only one is known to be still alive.

PMID- 3862774
TI  - Patient response to surgical and nonsurgical treatment for internal derangement
      of the temporomandibular joint.
AB  - One hundred thirty-six patients who had been diagnosed as having internal
      derangements of the temporomandibular joint by history, clinical examination, and
      arthrotomography were retrospectively evaluated. Fifty-two patients had been
      treated by nonsurgical and 84 by surgical methods. A case review was conducted
      and a self-administered survey was distributed to patients to assess response to
      treatment. The results indicated that for a majority of the patients surgery had
      significantly reduced TMJ symptoms. Patients who had been treated nonsurgically
      also reported fewer symptoms following treatment, but the improvement was not as
      great as that of the surgical group.

PMID- 3862775
TI  - Biologic effects of freezing on tissues of the maxillofacial region.
AB  - An experimental study was done on the effects of freezing on various tissues of
      the maxillofacial region. After freezing, skin became necrotic, but the wound
      healed with a flat surface. Blood vessels showed injury of the endothelial cells
      and thrombosis in the veins. The internal wall of some arteries became thickened,
      and the lumen was narrowed. Paralysis of the facial nerve occurred immediately
      after freezing. Function usually recovered several weeks later. Cartilage and
      bone showed no change in shape after freezing, but the cells were destroyed. New
      cartilage and bone formation were seen in the later stages.

PMID- 3862776
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome as a complication of oral and maxillofacial
      surgery.

PMID- 3862777
TI  - Pseudomalignant osseous tumor of the temporalis muscle.
AB  - A case is presented of a 10-year-old girl who had a benign osseous tumor of the
      temporalis muscle. The tumor appeared to be a variant of the so-called
      pseudomalignant osseous tumor of the soft tissues and could readily be
      distinguished from both osteogenic sarcoma and myositis ossificans.

PMID- 3862778
TI  - Ameloblastic sarcoma of the mandible.
AB  - Malignant ameloblastic odontogenic tumors have traditionally been classified as
      either ameloblastic fibrosarcomas, dentinosarcomas or odontosarcomas. This
      separation is based on the presence of either dentine or dentine and enamel in
      some lesions. To date, 28 cases of ameloblastic fibrosarcoma, one case of
      ameloblastic dentinosarcoma, and seven cases of ameloblastic odontosarcoma have
      been reported in the literature. An additional case of ameloblastic
      dentinosarcoma is reported in this paper together with a critical review of the
      clinicopathologic features of previously reported cases of malignant ameloblastic
      neoplasms. The presence of dental matrix material is not specific and is found in
      a wide variety of odontogenic tumors in variable amounts. This study supports the
      concept that the presence of dental matrix material does not alter the basic
      biologic characteristics of these neoplasms. Accordingly, to simplify a confusing
      nomenclature, we suggest that malignant tumors of this type be referred to
      collectively as ameloblastic sarcomas.

PMID- 3862779
TI  - Ludwig's angina resulting from the infection of an oral malignancy.
AB  - A case of Ludwig's angina is reported in a 60-year-old woman who was discovered
      to have squamous-cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth during
      intubation for airway management. This report emphasizes the need to consider
      infection of oral malignancies of the tongue and floor of the mouth in the
      etiology of Ludwig's angina when an odontogenous origin cannot be demonstrated.
      It also illustrates the value of bronchoscopy-directed nasotracheal intubation
      for diagnosis and airway management in such cases.

PMID- 3862780
TI  - Computed tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of mandibular ameloblastoma:
      report of cases.
AB  - Treatment of ameloblastoma is based on clinical manifestations and radiological
      features. The value of routine radiographs in determining the extent of the
      lesion may be limited. Four cases of mandibular ameloblastoma were studied using
      axial and coronal computed tomography (CT). The soft-tissue mass, destruction of
      cortical bone, and extension of tumor into the infratemporal fossa and adjacent
      structures were clearly visualized. These features demonstrate the superiority of
      CT over conventional radiography in delineating the extent of the lesion, which
      may be essential to its management.

PMID- 3862781
TI  - Surgical treatment of van Buchem's disease.

PMID- 3862782
TI  - Fracture of the hyoid bone associated with a mandibular fracture.
AB  - A fracture of the hyoid bone in association with a mandibular fracture in a 29
      year-old man is reported. The literature pertaining to this rare injury is
      reviewed and the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of fractures of
      the hyoid bone are discussed.

PMID- 3862783
TI  - Management of an unfavorable lingual fracture during a sagittal split osteotomy.

PMID- 3862784
TI  - Treatment of condylar fractures associated with other mandibular fractures.

PMID- 3862785
TI  - Mandibular fracture in a five-week-old infant.

PMID- 3862786
TI  - Maxillary nerve involvement in bacterial endocarditis.
AB  - A case of right maxillary nerve paresthesia during an active phase of bacterial
      endocarditis probably due to embolic occlusion of the nerve's vascular supply is
      reported. The authors suggest that infective endocarditis be considered as a rare
      but potential cause of unexplained trigeminal nerve branch lesions, and that such
      lesions be sought in cases of established endocarditis.

PMID- 3862787
TI  - Conversion phenomenon following general anesthesia.
AB  - Two cases have been presented that demonstrate a previously undescribed
      complication of general anesthesia, i.e., altered recovery of consciousness
      secondary to hysterical conversion reactions. This potential complication must be
      considered when an organic cause for the symptoms cannot be found in a
      psychologically unstable individual. A helpful diagnostic sign is described.
      Consultation with a psychiatrist is mandatory if immediate alleviation of the
      symptoms is not obtained by the anesthesiologist and/or the surgeon.

PMID- 3862788
TI  - Sjogren's syndrome in a young adult.
AB  - Sjogren's syndrome is very uncommon in young adults and children. Young patients
      who have connective tissue disorders should be observed carefully for any signs
      of this condition. Recurring parotitis, especially in females, should trigger a
      high index of suspicion that salivary stasis is occurring and that Sjogren's
      syndrome may be present. Young patients who are diagnosed as having Sjogren's
      syndrome should be followed very carefully because they are at much greater risk
      to develop lymphoma.

PMID- 3862789
TI  - Case 57: multiple enlargements of the premaxilla and mandible.

PMID- 3862790
TI  - Modification of the biphase appliance for large mandibular resections.

PMID- 3862791
TI  - The disc of the human temporomandibular joint: design, function and failure.
AB  - The directions and limits of mandibular movements are controlled by muscles and
      nerves, and by biomechanical constraints in the dentition and the
      temporomandibular joints with their associated ligaments. This paper analyses
      biomechanical constraints in relation to shape, function, stability and
      dysfunction of the disc in the joint. It is argued that the dense part of the
      disc is modelled in response to condylar forces which compress it into the
      articular eminence thereby thinning its centre and squeezing out a thickened
      anulus around its rim. Because of a lack of congruence between the two
      articulating surfaces of the joint and a very low coefficient of friction, the
      disc is potentially squeezed off the condyle by compression forces during
      opening, closing and mastication. It is stabilized mainly by its anulus whose
      thick rim is unable to prolapse between the condyle and articular eminence. An
      important function of the elastic tissue behind the thick part of the disc may
      be, by contracting, to prevent the soft tissues behind the joint being nipped
      between the condyle/disc/temporal bone when the jaw is closing. The author
      suggests that during mastication the function of the disc is not only to spread
      the joint forces but also to limit the depth to which the condyle is compressed
      into the soft tissues covering the temporal bone and thereby allow the condyle
      (and disc) sufficient freedom to spin and slide over the temporal bone without
      distorting and damaging the surfaces. In other words, the function of the disc is
      to destabilize the condyle. In terms of biomechanical constraints the disc seems
      more liable to prolapse anteriorly than posteriorly. It prolapses when the
      compression forces which tend to wedge it off the condyle cannot be resisted by
      its thickened anulus. If the energy of compression is stored within the distorted
      disc and suddenly released there is an audible click.

PMID- 3862792
TI  - Effects of various agents in cleaning cut dentine.
AB  - The effectiveness of various agents in cleaning cut dentine surfaces was
      investigated. Attempts to remove the smeared layer of dentine after the
      preparation of a cavity showed that a polyacrylic acid (Durelon liquid) gave the
      best result, flour of pumice or a prophylaxis paste (Prevodontic) used with a
      rubber cup were effective, but 3% hydrogen peroxide and a cavity cleaner
      (Cavilax) were not. The only effective agents following the use of a zinc oxide
      eugenol temporary cement were the flour of pumice and prophy paste.

PMID- 3862793
TI  - The temporomandibular joint in young adults at autopsy: a morphologic
      classification and evaluation.
AB  - Macroscopic features of temporomandibular joints (TMJs) were studied in young
      adults who comprise the largest portion of individuals seeking TMJ treatment.
      Deviation in form (DIF), arthrosis, size, shape and disc displacement were
      evaluated on ninety-five autopsied TMJs. Few TMJs (13%, 12/95) showed no
      intracapsular changes. Thirty-nine per cent (37/95) of the TMJs displayed mild-to
      marked DIF in all three TMJ components. Smaller changes were more prevalent and
      tended to appear in the younger TMJs. Condylar changes were more exuberant and
      extensive compared to the other components. Minor arthrotic lesions were visible
      in 3% (3/95), and all displayed DIF. Disc displacement was found in 12% (11/95)
      and was more common in women (P greater than 0.05). Folding and deformation of
      the articular disc was associated with disc displacement (P less than 0.01), the
      direction of which was mostly anteromedial. Most of the unchanged condyles'
      components had curved, slightly rounded, convex, and elliptical shapes when
      viewed from different planes (P less than 0.01). Applied in diagnosis, the
      presence of DIF can be inferred from features which deviate from the above
      shapes. The concept that the above macroscopic changes might be a precursor to
      TMJ arthropathy in susceptible individuals is compatible with the results of this
      study, but the most apt characterization is that TMJ changes in this age group
      are adaptive phenomena occurring in order to cope with the details of articular
      fit and function.

PMID- 3862794
TI  - The refractory period of the masseteric cutaneous silent period.
AB  - Silent periods were elicited in the electromyographic activity of the masseter
      and temporalis muscles from six normal subjects, by electrical stimulation of the
      skin over the contralateral masseter during clenching. Pairs of suprathreshold
      square pulses with varied time intervals were delivered using surface electrodes.
      It was found that the silent periods, which were mostly of the long latency
      (about 53 ms) type, had a refractory period, during which a new silent period
      could be evoked only by increasing the strength of the second stimulus. This
      refractory period could last for up to 1.5 s. During the first 200 ms after the
      first stimulus a second silent period was almost impossible to evoke with the
      moderately painful stimuli used in the present experiments. It is suggested that
      the refractory period should be considered as significant for the methodology
      when recording the silent period duration. It is also suggested that the long
      latency silent period should be recorded as a separate parameter and
      differentiated from the short latency (10-12 ms) silent period. This may be of
      special importance to recognize when a short latency silent period and a long
      latency silent period merge.

PMID- 3862795
TI  - Pathologic attrition and maximal bite force.
AB  - The maximal bite force was recorded between antagonizing anterior teeth in a
      group (n = 10) of patients with pathologic attrition and in a control group. No
      statistically significant difference between the maximal bite forces was
      recorded. Also, the effect on the maximal bite force of the continuous wearing of
      a partial bite raising splint for 4 months was recorded. The great individuality
      in reaction patterns prohibited simple generalizations. However, in some
      individuals the maximal bite force was larger when biting on the splint than
      without, both at base line and after 4 months. Also, the maximal bite force
      showed a tendency to increase with time. The findings indicate that pathologic
      attrition is not necessarily associated with a high maximal bite force. Also, the
      maximal bite force recorded under various conditions is seemingly not an absolute
      value but rather the result of a number of factors of varying importance for
      different individuals.

PMID- 3862796
TI  - A neurophysiological approach to the pathology and aetiology of temporomandibular
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3862797
TI  - The effect of acrylic bite plane splints and their vertical dimension on jaw
      muscle silent period in healthy young adults.
AB  - A significant question relative to treatment and disappearance of symptoms is
      raising the bite in combination with a maxillary bite plane splint in patients
      with TMJ muscle dysfunction. The objective of this research was to investigate
      the effect, if any, occlusal bite plane splints have on the latency and duration
      of the mention tap silent period and particularly whether the degree to which the
      bite is raised is of significance. Recordings were made in healthy young adults
      from both anterior temporal and masseteric muscles while subjects were clenching
      at their 70% maximum clenching effort. Placement of a splint significantly (P
      less than 0.05) prolonged the silent period duration (SPD). However, mean SPD
      values taken at two different vertical raised bites did not differ significantly
      (P greater than 0.05). The anterior temporal muscle SPD was less sensitive to a
      smaller change of vertical dimension than the masseteric SPD. Silent period
      latencies remained unchanged in all experimental conditions.

PMID- 3862798
TI  - Wear patterns of composite restorative resins in vivo; observations by scanning
      electron microscopy.
AB  - In this study, the wear pattern of seven commercial composite resins, one
      experimental composite and one dental amalgam were investigated. These materials
      were separately inserted in a separation preparation cavity of the patient's
      mouth. After clinical service for 3, 9 and 12 months the specimens were taken out
      and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the softer
      resin matrix wore away first while the inorganic filler particles showed no signs
      of abrasive wear, whereafter filler particles were loosened once there was no
      support of the resin matrix around them.

PMID- 3862799
TI  - Dental occlusal wear and degenerative disease of the temporomandibular joint: a
      correlational study utilizing skeletal material from a contemporary population.
AB  - Forty crania and mandibles with intact dentition exceeding twenty-six teeth and
      bilaterally intact condyle-fossa apparatus were evaluated for attrition and
      degenerative joint disease. The skeletal specimens all represent a twentieth
      century contemporary American population from the Atkinson Skull Collection at
      the University of the Pacific School of Dentistry. While 23.1% of this sample
      exhibited some degree of erosive osseous degenerative wear involving the condyle
      or articular fossa and 76.3% exhibited occlusal tooth wear, no significant
      correlation between the degree of attrition and the severity of degenerative
      joint disease could be documented.

PMID- 3862800
TI  - Tooth loss, attrition and temporomandibular joint changes in a Romano-British
      population.
AB  - Mandibular condyles and temporal fossae were studied in a large Romano-British
      collection of skulls. The size and shape of the condyles differed from those in
      previous populations studied. Changes in form or shape of the condyles were age
      related and could be correlated to the number of teeth lost on the same side and
      on the contralateral side. No statistically significant correlations were seen
      between attrition and condylar form and surface change.

PMID- 3862801
TI  - Lateral preference in mastication: a feasibility study.
AB  - To study lateral bolus placement during mastication, referred to as masticatory
      lateral preference, fifteen males and ten females chewed sugarless gum for 15, 20
      and 25 s, and visual inspections were done of either right or left side bolus
      placements. In each of three series of observations, there were no significant
      differences between right or left side bolus placements. Three consecutive spot
      checks, in single subjects, showed that lateral preference occurred at random.
      However, information on a favoured chewing side predicted fairly reliably the
      side of observed masticatory lateral preference. Observed lateral preference
      could not be predicted from hand laterality. Consistent and predominant right or
      left lateral preference was, presumably, an expression of mainly motivational
      chewing behaviour.

PMID- 3862802
TI  - Lateral preference in mastication: an electromyographic study.
AB  - To study concurrence of specific electromyographic chewing patterns and the side
      of mastication, twelve subjects chewed gum for 15, 20 and 25 s. Gum bolus
      placement on the right or left side of the dentition was estimated by three
      series of visual inspections. Contraction patterns of the chewing and non-chewing
      side masseter muscles were appraised by integrated and cumulative surface
      electromyography. Consistent and predominant gum bolus placement on the right
      side of the dentition could be predicted fairly reliably from comparative
      electromyographic observations. This was also the case in instances of consistent
      left-sided gum bolus placement, but not in predominant left-sided bolus
      placement. The latter phenomenon was explained by deviant observations made in
      two subjects only. Agreement between a presumed chewing side and a predictive
      contractility pattern was established in 78% of observations (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 3862803
TI  - A photogrammetric method for monitoring changes in the residual alveolar ridge
      form.
AB  - Resorption of the residual alveolar ridge calls for regular attention to the
      fitting surface of a denture. In the case of distal extension partial dentures,
      changes which occur in less than a year may require attention. These changes are
      apparent, though difficult to measure using radiographic techniques.
      Stereophotogrammetry is a means of recording and measuring contours of land
      masses. A short focus non-metric camera was used in this study to produce
      stereoscopic paired pictures of four casts of the same partial dentition.
      Additional casts were made 2 and 12 months after a partial denture had been made.
      A stereophotogrammetric plotting instrument was used to map the alveolar ridge
      area of each cast. A prescribed area for each map was traced out and the volume
      above a reference height was calculated. The percentage error between the four
      columns for the pre-treatment casts was +/- 2%. A 10% loss of ridge volume was
      observed after wearing a partial denture for 2 months. The same area observed 12
      months later revealed an 18% volume reduction. Short range stereophotogrammetry
      may be applied to study changes in alveolar ridge morphology which may result
      from wearing a partial denture.

PMID- 3862804
TI  - Childhood bone marrow monosomy 7 syndrome: a familial disorder?

PMID- 3862805
TI  - Platelet-activating factor is a potent stimulus for renal prostaglandin
      synthesis: possible significance in unilateral ureteral obstruction.
AB  - Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a lipid with potent platelet-stimulating and
      hypotensive properties, has been shown to stimulate the release of prostaglandins
      (PGs) from a number of cell types. It is produced by a variety of inflammatory
      cells and the renal medulla. However, no studies to date have examined the effect
      of PAF on the intact kidney. We, therefore, studied the effect of bolus
      injections of PAF on the isolated perfused rabbit kidney subjected to aseptic
      ureteral ligation for 72 hr. Intrarenal resistance and release of PGs by both the
      hydronephrotic (HNK) and contralateral kidney (CLK) were quantified. Intrarenal
      administration of PAF causes a dose-dependent stimulation of the release of PGE2,
      thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and the PGI2 metabolite, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha from the HNK and
      CLK. The magnitude of the release from the HNK is much greater than that for the
      CLK. A 100-ng bolus injection of PAF into the HNK results in the release of
      1561.0 +/- 312.0 and 117.7 +/- 38.2 ng of PGE2 and TxB2, respectively, whereas
      administration of this dose to the CLK causes 291.0 +/- 35.0 ng of PGE2 and 19.0
      +/- 4.2 ng of TxB2 to be released. Renal vascular resistance (RVR) is increased
      by PAF in the HNK. Product identity was confirmed using selective inhibitors and
      bioassay. These data show that PAF is a potent stimulus for renal PG release and
      that this release may have vascular consequences.

PMID- 3862806
TI  - Preparation of a 135-degree shoulder for a ceramometal margin using an end
      cutting bur.
AB  - The Jet No. 7345 is an end-cutting bur that accurately dresses the shoulder of a
      ceramometal preparation to a smooth, well defined surface that is 135 degrees to
      the path of insertion.

PMID- 3862807
TI  - Retention and depth of insertion of two self-shearing pins.

PMID- 3862808
TI  - Technique for transferring information from a pantograph tracing to
      semiadjustable articulators.
AB  - A technique that makes possible the direct transfer of numbers from a programmed
      fully adjustable articulator to a simpler articulator without having to make new
      eccentric records has been described.

PMID- 3862809
TI  - Physical properties of acrylic resin polymerized by four different techniques.

PMID- 3862810
TI  - Bony deposition under a fixed partial denture.

PMID- 3862812
TI  - Carbon fiber acrylic resin composite: an investigation of transverse strength.

PMID- 3862811
TI  - Dental needs and dental service use patterns of an elderly edentulous population.
AB  - This study was undertaken to examine an elderly edentulous population to evaluate
      current dental needs and dental service use rates as well as to determine whether
      trends toward a reversal of this group's poor dental care habits are present. Of
      the 443 elderly individuals screened in the current study, 168 were determined to
      be edentulous in both dental arches. This means that 38% of the elderly
      population examined would at some time require dental services either to maintain
      their edentulous arches and related intraoral structures in a state of health or
      to fabricate new or maintain existing complete prostheses in a properly
      functioning condition. This figure is 12% lower than 1974 statistics, which
      indicated that 50% of the nation's elderly population were edentulous. A larger
      population would have to be surveyed to determine if this trend toward declining
      edentulousness is a national phenomenon or simply characteristic of the current
      population sample. Despite the lower proportion of edentulous individuals within
      the study population, some disturbing results were obtained. Although 92% of the
      population had complete dentures that they claimed were worn most or all of their
      waking hours, over 90% of these dentures were evaluated by examiners as requiring
      significant refinement (26%) or remake (69%). In addition, 58% of this group of
      individuals felt that they did not or were not sure whether they required current
      dental treatment; 58% also felt that the fit of their dentures was excellent or
      good. These figures demonstrated that only slightly more than half the study
      population was aware that their dentures were in need of corrective
      treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3862813
TI  - Auricular compression stent.
AB  - An auricular compression stent has been developed for maintaining uniform and
      adjustable compression after surgical removal of earlobe keloids. The two
      component device is made from heat-polymerized acrylic resin and assembled with
      nylon screws.

PMID- 3862814
TI  - Soft tissue response to endosseous titanium oral implants.

PMID- 3862815
TI  - A technique for evaluation of centric relation tooth contacts. Part I: During
      normal temporomandibular joint function.
AB  - An indirect method to locate the first tooth contacts in centric relation was
      described in this study. Mounted casts with an associated table and styli were
      used to locate the position of contact points in three planes. The method was
      tested using the anterior occlusal stop with chin point guidance and bimanual
      manipulation for recording centric relation. Ten records from one subject were
      analyzed statistically for each method. At the p less than .05 level of
      significance, the anterior occlusal stop produced a centric relation position
      more posterior than that found with bimanual manipulation. There was no
      statistically significant difference in the vertical and mediolateral planes. The
      anterior occlusal stop method produced more consistent tooth contacts in all
      three planes. The centric relation points found on the recording plates
      correlated well with the initial tooth contacts marked on the cast. This indirect
      method is an accurate means of recording and reevaluating changes in tooth
      contact positions in three planes.

PMID- 3862816
TI  - Accuracy of laminated wax interocclusal wafers.
AB  - Different types of wax interocclusal records were tested to determine if the type
      of recording material affects cast position when dental plaster is used to mount
      casts. The results indicate that a difference in the type of wax record is not a
      significant factor in cast fixation.

PMID- 3862817
TI  - Electromyographic relaxed mandibular position in long-faced subjects.
AB  - Previous articles have presented conflicting results concerning the relationship
      of EMG rest position in subjects with varying craniofacial morphology. This study
      sought to resolve the issue by studying long-faced subjects and controlling head
      position. Our findings showed that long-faced subjects have large EMG rest
      positions in contrast to the results reported by Wessberg et al. We were not able
      to resolve the differences between these two studies by variation in head
      position or lack of consistent sample population. The results of this study and
      earlier studies question the clinical practice of using EMG rest as a starting
      point to establish vertical dimension of occlusion.

PMID- 3862818
TI  - Acupuncture compared with stomatognathic treatment for TMJ dysfunction. Part I: A
      randomized study.

PMID- 3862819
TI  - Compatibility of agar hydrocolloid duplicating materials with dental stones.

PMID- 3862820
TI  - An evaluation system for teaching clinical removable prosthodontics.
AB  - The continuous assessment and updating of clinical evaluations are integral
      aspects of dental education. The purpose of this article was to describe the
      development, implementation, and assessment of an evaluation system for clinical
      removable prosthodontics. A system based on a three-point scale (RST) was adopted
      and implemented with the intent of maximizing evaluation effectiveness while
      minimizing stress on students and faculty members. To date, the RST system has
      improved both the quality of clinical evaluation and the level of clinical
      learning. The RST clinical evaluation system appears to be defusing students'
      ardent quests for grades while promoting the teaching potential within the
      evaluation process. The system also stimulates student self-evaluation, improves
      the consistency of faculty grading, facilitates student counseling, and permits
      an in-depth analysis of the evaluation system at regular intervals.

PMID- 3862821
TI  - An alternate simplified technique for rebasing complete dentures.

PMID- 3862822
TI  - Simplified technique for placement of a medical-grade adhesive silicone denture
      liner.
AB  - A simplified technique for placement and care of a long-term resilient liner has
      been described. The procedure can be accomplished in the dental office without an
      investing or flasking procedure. Finishing is easily accomplished, and the
      retention of the liner is secure from peeling or separating. Disadvantages
      include the necessity of having a satisfactory denture border prior to the
      procedure and the tendency of RTV silicones to develop fungal growth over a
      period of time without proper care.

PMID- 3862823
TI  - A device to facilitate the replacement of pantograph styli elastics.

PMID- 3862824
TI  - The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry guidelines for reporting statistical results.

PMID- 3862825
TI  - Classification of the eating disorders.

PMID- 3862826
TI  - Subgroups of anorexia nervosa and bulimia: validity and utility.
AB  - Sociodemographic and psychodynamic similarities and differences among four
      subgroups of eating disordered females seeking outpatient consultations for
      anorexia nervosa and bulimia are presented. Supporting the spectrum concept of
      eating disorders, the four diagnostic subgroups are: anorexia nervosa,
      restricting; anorexia nervosa with bulimic complications; normal weight bulimia
      with a history of anorexia nervosa; and normal weight bulimia without a history
      of anorexia nervosa. Overall, the 165 patients are white, middle to upper-middle
      class females in their early twenties. The highest levels of psychopathology, as
      measured by the Eating Disorder Inventory, was manifested by patients afflicted
      with both anorexic and bulimic symptomatology, either in the past or at time of
      consultation. Implications for diagnostic classification and clinical
      intervention are discussed.

PMID- 3862827
TI  - Similarities among bulimic groups selected by different weights and weight
      histories.
AB  - Four groups of bulimic patients with different weights and weight histories were
      compared on measures of eating and psychological functioning. Results with the
      Eating Disorder Inventory and Eating Attitudes Test indicated that groups were
      similar in terms of attitudes toward food, eating and body dissatisfaction as
      well as other traits which have been identified as relevant to eating disorder
      patients. Results also indicated that the referral patterns of patients with
      different weight histories have changed over time; previously, most patients had
      anorexia nervosa either currently or historically but more recently many patients
      are presenting with symptoms of equal severity but with no history of anorexia
      nervosa. It is concluded that diagnostic categories for bulimia formed solely on
      the basis of weight variables may not be clinically useful.

PMID- 3862828
TI  - The significance of the neurotic symptoms of bulimia nervosa.
AB  - The significance of the neurotic symptoms of bulimia nervosa is a subject of
      current debate. In the present paper, data are reported on changes in these
      symptoms during the course of psychological treatment directed at the eating
      disorder itself. A significant association was found between outcome in terms of
      eating habits and the severity of neurotic symptoms after treatment. There was no
      association between outcome and the pre-treatment level of neurotic symptoms.
      These findings suggest that the neurotic symptoms are likely to constitute a
      secondary psychological reaction.

PMID- 3862829
TI  - A review of body-image studies in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

PMID- 3862830
TI  - Satiety responses in eating disorders.
AB  - Appetite and satiety responses in a test meal paradigm were studied in six
      anorexia nervosa patients (four had bingeing and purging behaviors) and in nine
      normal control women. The anorexic patients were distinguished from normal
      controls by the amounts of food taken and by the pattern of the hunger and
      fullness responses to the test meal. Possible explanations for these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 3862831
TI  - Empirical assessment of identity in anorexia and bulimia nervosa.
AB  - Researchers have neglected the study of the self concept of individuals who
      develop anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Towards rectifying this situation, Identity
      Structure Analysis (ISA) is introduced as an appropriate framework allowing the
      specification and empirical testing of postulates regarding disturbed identity
      development in anorexic disorders. The data presented distinguish a common
      constellation of identity characteristics in those suffering from anorexia and
      bulimia nervosa that differentiate them from normal and psychiatric control
      groups. Their identity pattern tends to be anti-developmental and in a state of
      'identity crisis', in which identification conflicts with the maternal
      metaperspective of self (me as my mother sees me) are especially significant.
      Further analysis suggest that anorexics are in a phase of 'plummeting' identity
      crisis, whilst the patients in the sample with bulimia nervosa are in a
      'sustained' phase. Future directions for research are noted.

PMID- 3862832
TI  - Mood and food: an analysis of bulimic episodes.
AB  - The present study examined those factors which differentially lead to normal
      eating and binge eating. Twenty-one bulimic subjects and comparison subjects
      monitored their mood, hunger, and food intake hourly over a number of days. The
      bulimic sample ate fewer meals and had lower overall mood. Positive mood, food
      abstinence combined with intensified hunger, and being in the company of another
      person preceded normal eating (i.e. retained meal). Negative mood, recent
      consumption of food, and being alone preceded bulimic episodes.

PMID- 3862833
TI  - Controlling weight by purgation and vomiting: a comparative study of bulimics.
AB  - This study assessed the efficacy of self-induced vomiting and purgation,
      respectively, in attempts at preventing weight gain in patients with bulimia. It
      was found that the vomiters ate significantly more yet weighed less: the purgers
      ate less but weighed significantly more. Such findings strongly suggest that
      excess purgation has little impact on intestinal absorption even at the doses
      used in bulimia. Weight control appears to be exercised by dietary restraint not
      by the pharmacological action of the laxatives used.

PMID- 3862834
TI  - Bulimia: multivariate predictors of life impairment.
AB  - The current study investigated the ability to predict life impairment in a group
      of women who reported frequent binge eating episodes. Results indicated that a
      combination of feeling out of control when binge eating, frequent binge episodes,
      frequent use of laxatives for weight control, plus early age at onset, guilt
      feelings after binging, and a history of low weight best predicted life
      impairment. Implications of these findings are discussed with respect to refining
      DSM-III criteria for bulimia.

PMID- 3862835
TI  - The prediction of relapse in bulimia nervosa.
AB  - Thirty-nine women successfully treated for bulimia nervosa were followed up six
      months after the conclusion of treatment and classified as maintaining recovery
      or partially or completely relapsed. Clinical and psychometric variables
      including body image disturbance and dissatisfaction were entered into regression
      equations to identify predictors of relapse. Dissatisfaction with body image at
      the end of treatment was the most potent predictor of relapse. The finding is
      interpreted as underscoring the importance of addressing issues of body image in
      therapy if treatment gains are to be maintained.

PMID- 3862836
TI  - Adverse sexual experience in childhood and clinical eating disorders: a
      preliminary description.
AB  - Seventy-eight eating disordered patients were asked systematically about any
      history of adverse sexual experience. About two thirds gave such a history. The
      events reported were often distressing and significant to the subject. It is
      unclear what role such events play in the causation of later eating disorder.

PMID- 3862837
TI  - Anorexia nervosa, bulimia and alcoholism--association of eating disorder and
      alcohol.
AB  - A series of 27 cases is presented where eating disorders have been followed by
      clinical alcoholism or where alcoholic patients have shown to have clear previous
      episodes of anorexia nervosa or bulimia. Characteristics and history of the cases
      are described. It is argued that the coincidence is far higher than has been
      generally recognised.

PMID- 3862838
TI  - Anorexia nervosa and bulimia in female adolescents with insulin dependent
      diabetes mellitus: a systematic study.
AB  - An unselected sample of 46 female adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus (IDDM) for more than one year were assessed systematically for the
      presence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia. These disorders and their partial
      syndromes were found in 19.5% of this population. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia
      diagnosed on the basis of DSM-III criteria were each found in 6.5% of the
      population representing approximately a 6-fold and 2-fold increase respectively
      in the expected prevalence for similar nondiabetic individuals. Bulimic symptoms
      were associated with poor metabolic control as reflected in blood levels of
      glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAl). These findings have important implications both
      for the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa and bulimia and for the management of
      some cases of IDDM with unstable metabolic control.

PMID- 3862839
TI  - Treatment of eating disorders: winning the war without having to do battle.
AB  - This paper discusses various techniques therapists can employ to handle the power
      and control issues encountered when treating restrictive eating and binge/purge
      (vomiting) behaviors. Winning the war without having to do battle is one of the
      therapist's most difficult tasks. Before attempting change, it is important to
      acknowledge the significance and function of the symptom behaviors; the reasons
      why the person does not want to, and at certain points, should not give them up;
      and, the total powerlessness of the therapist to make the person relinquish them.
      However, since elimination of symptoms is a goal of therapy, modification of
      eating behaviors must be addressed. Methods of balancing the timing and
      techniques of treating the symptom behaviors versus the emotional issues are
      presented so as to provide clinicians with tools to effect change but avoid the
      control battles that inhibit progress in therapy. Included is a discussion of the
      utilization of individual, family, and group therapy.

PMID- 3862840
TI  - The management of bulimia nervosa.

PMID- 3862841
TI  - Evaluating a group treatment for bulimia.
AB  - A multifaceted group-based approach to the treatment of bulimia is described,
      that focuses on recovering a sense of control by examining how control is
      relinquished, and can be regained by developing adaptive attitudes and behaviour
      about food and eating, the body, and interpersonal relationships. Results from an
      end of programme assessment and then at six month, 12 month and 18 month follow
      ups indicate that a successful reduction in bingeing and vomiting and a variety
      of other changes was achieved and maintained by 36 of the 40 participants.

PMID- 3862843
TI  - Anorexia nervosa and bulimic disorders: current perspectives. Proceedings of the
      Conference on Anorexia Nervosa and Related Disorders. Swansea, Wales, 3-7
      September 1984.

PMID- 3862842
TI  - Outcome and prognosis in anorexia nervosa and bulimia: some results of previous
      investigations, compared with those of a Swedish long-term study.

PMID- 3862844
TI  - Fetal stimulation of maternal immunoglobulin production in mice.
AB  - Within 12-24 h of parturition in mice, there was a dramatic increase in the
      number of immunoglobulin secreting cells in the paraaortic lymph nodes (PALN)
      draining the pregnant uterus. Compared with stimulation with lipopolysaccharide
      the ratio of IgG:IgM forming cells was very high in PALN draining a pregnant
      uterus. The response was eliminated when fetectomy (ablating the embryo but
      leaving the placenta intact) was carried out on the 12th day of pregnancy. With
      unilateral fetectomy the uterine horn with intact fetal/placental units can be
      used as a positive control since lymphoid drainage is laterally confined. Neither
      healthy (gross and histological criteria) nor partly necrotic placentae
      stimulated Ig secreting cells in the PALN. The placentae of bilaterally
      fetectomized females were delivered apparently normally and at about the same
      time as normal (control) fetuses. Injection of prostaglandin E-2 or F-2 alpha
      into the tail base led to the appearance of Ig-forming cells in the PALN of
      normal (virgin) female mice. Indomethacin fed to the pregnant female greatly
      reduced the numbers of these cells in the PALN. We conclude that the observed
      local stimulation of maternal Ig production by the fetus may be involved in the
      transplacental transfer of Ig from mother to fetus.

PMID- 3862846
TI  - Production of mononuclear cell factor by mononuclear phagocytes from rheumatoid
      synovial fluid.
AB  - Collagenase-and PGE1-stimulating activities (mononuclear cell factor or MCF) have
      been found in culture supernatants from synovial fluid macrophages (SF-M phi) of
      patients wih rheumatoid arthritis. The apparent molecular weight of the MCF
      activity present in SF-M phi supernatants was between 15-20,000 daltons, which is
      similar to interleukin I. All the SF-M phi supernatants from patients tested
      showed the MCF activity. Our study presents evidence for MCF production by
      monocyte-macrophages at the local site of the lesion.

PMID- 3862845
TI  - Prostaglandin F-2 alpha is transferred from the uterus to the ovary in the sheep
      by lymphatic and blood vascular pathways.
AB  - [3H]Prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGF-2 alpha) was infused into a uterine lymphatic
      vessel or a uterine vein for up to 1 h, or injected into the uterine lumen of
      anaesthetized non-pregnant sheep 7-15 days after oestrus. After an intraluminal
      injection, labelled PGF-2 alpha was recovered in uterine lymph and peak
      radioactivity was reached 50 min after injection. [3H]PGF-2 alpha infused at a
      constant rate into a uterine lymphatic vessel resulted in a maximum concentration
      of radioactivity in plasma which was 5.6- and 1.7-fold higher in the adjacent
      utero-ovarian and ovarian vein, respectively, than in carotid arterial plasma.
      Estimation of the amount of infusate transferred from a lymphatic into ovarian
      venous blood gave a value (0.4%) similar to that for transfer from a uterine vein
      (0.3%). Evidence for local transfer was substantiated by the presence of
      significantly higher concentrations of 3H-labelled compounds in the ovary and
      corpus luteum adjacent to the site of intra-lymphatic infusion compared with
      those in the opposite organs. The concentrations in the adjacent ovary and corpus
      luteum were significantly greater when an intra-lymphatic rather than intra
      uterine vein infusion was adopted. The results show that [3H]PGF-2 alpha is
      transferred locally from uterine lymphatic vessels into the adjacent ovary,
      corpus luteum and ovarian vein.

PMID- 3862847
TI  - HLA-DR antigens in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis.

PMID- 3862848
TI  - The prognostic significance of bone and joint manifestations in childhood
      leukemia.

PMID- 3862850
TI  - Alcohol-induced impairment of central nervous system function: behavioral skills
      involved in driving.
AB  - Several points emerge from the large body of data on the effects of alcohol on
      CNS function. First, the degree of impairment is dose related, but not identical
      or strictly linear for all behaviors. Alcohol-related impairment of behavioral
      skills involved in driving is greatest for those tasks that require cognitive
      functioning; simple perception alone is least affected. Impairment of cognitive
      functioning, which includes information processing and decision making under
      conditions of divided attention, is evident at BALs above 50 mg/dl and is
      markedly affected above 100 mg/dl. Above a BAL of 100 mg/dl, almost all
      behavioral skills are impaired by alcohol. Most studies have employed only one or
      at most two doses of alcohol in testing for impairment. The limited range of BALs
      studied makes determination of the overall shape of the dose-response curve
      difficult. Second, alcohol-related impairment of CNS functions cannot be
      demonstrated at low BALs. There is no consistent evidence that BALs below 50
      mg/dl impair any behavior in most individuals. Youth and the elderly, groups not
      typically studied in the laboratory, may represent exceptions to this general
      observation. Nonetheless, these findings are more consistent with a threshold
      effect for impairment than for impairment at all levels of BAL. Third, for most
      behavioral skills, the decrement in performance after alcohol is slight, rarely
      exceeding 35-50% of the control period. In many studies, changes of only 8-10%
      are reported to be statistically significant. Whether these small statistically
      significant decrements in performance are an explanation for increased crash risk
      remains uncertain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3862851
TI  - Deterring drunken driving: an analysis of current efforts.

PMID- 3862852
TI  - Current problems in drinking-driving: research and intervention.

PMID- 3862853
TI  - Licensing and other controls of the drinking driver.

PMID- 3862854
TI  - The use of incentives for the promotion of accident-free driving.

PMID- 3862855
TI  - Evaluation of the effectiveness of educational and rehabilitation efforts:
      opportunities for research.

PMID- 3862856
TI  - The role of mass media in alcohol and highway safety campaigns.

PMID- 3862857
TI  - Major social action groups against drunken drivers.

PMID- 3862858
TI  - Human risk factors in alcohol-related crashes.

PMID- 3862859
TI  - The role of research in policy decisions.

PMID- 3862860
TI  - Human-related risk factors in traffic crashes: research needs and opportunities.

PMID- 3862861
TI  - Review of the major risk factors.

PMID- 3862862
TI  - Research needs and opportunities concerning human-environmental interactions in
      crashes involving alcohol.

PMID- 3862863
TI  - Social and cultural contexts of the drinking-driving event.

PMID- 3862864
TI  - Drinking and driving in the sociocultural context: research needs and
      opportunities.

PMID- 3862865
TI  - Absorption, distribution and elimination of alcohol: highway safety aspects.
AB  - Key aspects of the pharmacokinetics of alcohol are highly relevant to highway
      safety. Of particular pertinence are the partition of alcohol between various
      body tissues and fluids and the resulting alcohol concentration ratios for blood:
      breath and other body fluids, as well as the irregularity and short-term
      fluctuations of the blood and breath alcohol curves. Most alcohol
      pharmacokinetics parameters are subject to wide intersubject variability, as
      exemplified by peak blood alcohol concentrations reached on ingestion of
      identical weight-adjusted doses, time to peak after end of drinking and the rate
      of alcohol elimination from the blood. This great biological intersubject
      variability, when combined with sex-, age- and time-related differences, makes
      the blood alcohol information in widely distributed alcohol consumption nomograms
      and tables based on mean data inappropriate as a guide for the drinking behavior
      of individuals. Although there is good statistical correlation between the
      alcohol concentration of different body tissues and fluids in the fully
      postabsorptive state, wide individual variations from the population mean alcohol
      partition values exist. It is often impossible to determine whether the
      postabsorptive state has been reached at any given time. Those factors make it
      impossible or infeasible to convert the alcohol concentration of breath or urine
      to the simultaneous blood alcohol concentration with forensically acceptable
      certainty, especially under per se or absolute alcohol concentration laws.
      Inclusion of breath alcohol concentrations in drinking-driving statutes, as
      definitions or per se offense elements, makes unnecessary the conversion of
      breath alcohol analysis results into equivalent blood alcohol concentrations.
      Urine alcohol concentrations are inadequately correlated with blood alcohol
      concentrations or with driver impairment, and analysis of bladder urine is,
      therefore, inappropriate in traffic law enforcement. Significantly large sex
      related differences in pharmacokinetic parameters have been demonstrated (e.g.,
      in peak blood alcohol concentrations for weight-adjusted doses). The effects of
      age and time of day have been less extensively studies and are less clear. Breath
      and blood alcohol time curves are subject to short-term fluctuations from the
      trend line and other irregularities, and often do not follow the typical Widmark
      pattern. From the existing information on pharmacokinetics of alcohol and the
      characteristics and variability of blood and breath alcohol versus time curves,
      the following conclusions can be reached.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3862866
TI  - Purine and 8-substituted purine arabinofuranosyl and ribofuranosyl nucleoside
      derivatives as potential inducers of the differentiation of the Friend
      erythroleukemia.
AB  - Several antimetabolites have been demonstrated to have the capacity to initiate
      differentiation in vitro of a variety of leukemic cell lines. To explore the
      structural requirements for this activity, a series of purine and 8-substituted
      purine arabinofuranosyl and ribofuranosyl nucleoside derivatives were synthesized
      and tested as inducers of the differentiation of Friend murine erythroleukemia
      cells. 9-(beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl)hypoxanthine and 6-(hydroxyamino)-9-(beta-D
      arabinofuranosyl)purine were effective inducers of maturation, producing 82% and
      74% benzidine-positive cells, a measure of the number of cells synthesizing
      hemoglobin. 6-Mercapto-9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)purine and 6-(methylmercapto)-9
      (beta-D-ribofuranosyl)purine and their corresponding beta-D-arabinofuranosyl
      derivatives were also effective initiators of maturation, causing approximately
      50% of the cell population to assume a differentiated phenotype.

PMID- 3862867
TI  - Left atrial rupture secondary to blast injury.

PMID- 3862868
TI  - Hematogenous osteomyelitis of the tarsal navicular bone.

PMID- 3862869
TI  - Preoperative angiographic assessment of saphenous vein for arterial bypass
      surgery.

PMID- 3862870
TI  - Introduction of Salmonella typhi in the United States via travelers.

PMID- 3862871
TI  - Giant benign pleural fibroma with systemic arteriovenous shunting.

PMID- 3862872
TI  - Streptococcus bovis endocarditis and bowel neoplasm.

PMID- 3862873
TI  - Unusual pharyngeal perforation.

PMID- 3862874
TI  - Preoperative medical consultation and treatment--an anesthesiologist's view.

PMID- 3862875
TI  - Characterization of rat ribosomal DNA II. identification of the highly repetitive
      DNA in the 3' non-transcribed spacer.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of one of the non-transcribed spacer subclones, p1.7,
      from the region 3' to rat 45 S pre-rRNA has been determined. Within 1612 base
      pairs, the fragment contains two distinct regions of highly repetitive DNA, one
      of which can serve as a site for initiation in vitro by RNA polymerase III. The
      first is the alternating purine-pyrimidine sequence (A-C)21. The second of these
      regions has 95% homology to the identifier sequence and served as the template
      for RNA polymerase III transcription in vitro. The in vitro polymerase III
      template is aligned in opposite polarity to the direction of transcription of 45
      S rRNA. Located near the identifier sequence is a region that is 59% homologous
      to the type-II Alu sequences. It would seem, therefore, that members of more than
      one highly repetitive sequence family have accumulated in the non-transcribed
      spacers. These data also suggest that within the non-transcribed spacers these
      families have evolved (sequence variation) at different rates, until one of them,
      the Alu type-II-like element, may represent a new Alu type-II subfamily.

PMID- 3862876
TI  - Periodontics in private practice.

PMID- 3862877
TI  - Periodontal microbiology: an alternative view.

PMID- 3862878
TI  - Marsupialization revisited.

PMID- 3862879
TI  - [Clinical studies on excretion in biliary tract with the antibiotic cefotiam].
AB  - Cefotiam (CTM) was administered through 1 hour intravenous drip infusion for the
      patients performed biliary tract surgery. The concentration of CTM in serum,
      gallbladder tissue and the excretion in bile of the choledochus were measured.
      Twenty-one patients performed cholecystectomy were followed the concentration of
      CTM in the gallbladder tissue and the results were studied with pharmacokinetic
      analysis. The simulation curve, which was described by computer system in two
      compartment open model, showed the maximal concentration of CTM in the serum was
      60.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after infusion and that in the gallbladder tissue
      was 27.1 micrograms/g at 1.07 hours. The concentration of CTM in the gallbladder
      tissue was presumed to be in proportion to that of CTM in the serum. Six patients
      performed bile drainage were followed the concentration of CTM in bile of the
      choledochus for 6 hours after infusion. The maximal concentration was 215.2 +/-
      62.7 micrograms/ml at 3 hours after injection, and the mean biliary recovery was
      1.66 +/- 0.55% through 6 hours. Neither any side effects nor any abnormal values
      in the laboratory analysis of samples were observed for CTM.

PMID- 3862880
TI  - [Cefotiam concentration in exudates from the drainage of patients with acute
      peritonitis following intravenous administration].
AB  - Cefotiam dihydrochloride (CTM) in a dose of 2 g was given by intravenous bolus
      injection to 15 patients operated upon for acute or subacute abdominal organs.
      They were included to 5 cases of acute localized peritonitis due to perforative
      appendicitis, 3 of diffuse peritonitis due to perforative duodenal ulcer, 1 of
      diffuse peritonitis with intestinal obstruction, 1 of perforative sigmoid colon
      cancer, 2 of gastric cancer or polyp with cholelithiasis, and 3 of cholangitis
      with cholecyst-choledocholithiasis. The materials of exudate from drain were
      taken at intervals by sterilized paper disc and determined by paper disc bioassay
      method with Proteus rettgeri ATCC 9250 or Proteus mirabilis ATCC 21100 as the
      test organisms to CTM concentrations. CTM concentrations in purulent exudate from
      drain of patients with acute peritonitis, they were increased quickly after
      intravenous bolus injection, and reached higher levels at early time after
      injection in cases 2 or 3 days after operation. CTM concentration in purulent
      exudate from drain was tended to increase in proportion to the severity of the
      inflammation. The CTM levels in infected exudate were higher than the MICs
      against clinically isolated organisms for a long time after administration.
      Therefore, CTM was very useful drug when used for chemotherapy of postoperative
      peritonitis.

PMID- 3862881
TI  - [Serum levels and sputum levels of cefmenoxime in respiratory tract infections].
AB  - In 11 patients with respiratory tract infections, the concentrations of
      cefmenoxime (CMX) in serum and sputum after 1 hour intravenous administration of
      2 g of CMX were investigated. The peak serum level of CMX was 102.2 +/- 11.4
      micrograms/ml after 1 hour drip infusion, then declined and was 3.51 +/- 0.55
      micrograms/ml after 5 hours. Sputum level of CMX was lower than serum level but
      it was able to cover enough for MIC of Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella
      pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae and the peak sputum level
      of CMX was 0.77 +/- 0.17 micrograms/g after from 2 hours to 4 hours. Among the 11
      patients with respiratory tract infections, 2 patients showed excellent, 6
      patients good, 3 patients poor results (isolated organisms of sputum were normal
      flora) and no side effects observed.

PMID- 3862882
TI  - [The concentration of cefmenoxime after intravenous drip infusion in digestive
      organs and exudates from abdominal and thoracic cavities in human].
AB  - We investigated the concentrations of cefmenoxime (CMX) after administration of 2
      g of CMX, in the tissues resected during operation 2 hours after the beginning of
      intravenous drip infusion, and in the exudates from abdominal or thoracic
      cavities in the postoperative period. The results were as follows: The highest
      tissue concentration of CMX was found in the liver (59.0 +/- 20.3 micrograms/g),
      and the lowest was in the pancreas (13.9 +/- 8.1 micrograms/g). The
      concentrations of CMX in the tissues were in order of liver much greater than
      colon = esophagus = stomach greater than pancreas. The peak concentration of CMX
      in exudate from thoracic cavity was 15.6 +/- 10.1 micrograms/ml, and was observed
      2 hours after the beginning of intravenous drip infusion, later than that in
      serum. Furthermore, the concentration of the exudate was maintained to a
      reasonable extent for 5 hours. The concentrations of CMX in both tissues and
      exudates were enough to inhibit the growth of many kinds of bacteria isolated
      from abdominal infections.

PMID- 3862884
TI  - [The concentration of ceftizoxime in serum and lung tissues and prophylaxis of
      postoperative infections].
AB  - There are few clinical reports about the concentration of ceftizoxime (CZX) in
      lung tissues. At present, clinically, we report the concentration of the drug in
      serum and lung tissues on 26 cases of chest disease and an effect of the drug on
      prophylaxis of postoperative pulmonary infections. Our results are the following;
      The peak concentration of CZX in serum is 54.7 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after
      starting drip infusion of CZX 1 g. The serum half-life of CZX (beta phase) is
      2.07 hours. The concentration of CZX in lung tissues is from 43.6 to 78.7% of
      serum level. CZX is useful to prophylaxis of postoperative infections after
      thoracotomy, especially in case of administration of CZX 1 g just before
      operation. Eruption was found in 1 of 26 cases. However, no side effects of the
      drug are noticed in other 25 cases.

PMID- 3862883
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic study of cefmenoxime concerning its transfer into tissues].
AB  - Cefmenoxime (1 g) was intravenously administered by one shot to investigate its
      pharmacokinetic profile with respect to transfer into the kidney, vesical wall
      and prostatic adenoma. The concentration of cefmenoxime in the kidney reached a
      peak of 403 micrograms/g at 0.17 hour after administration. The biological half
      life was 0.74 hour. In the vesical wall, the level of cefmenoxime reached a peak
      of 28 micrograms/g at 0.67 hour after administration. The half-life was 2.30
      hours. The peak level of cefmenoxime in the prostatic adenoma was 22 micrograms/g
      at 0.39 hour after administration. The half-life was 2.90 hours. The
      concentrations of cefmenoxime in these urogenital tissues were higher than its
      MIC80 and MBC80 against various Gram-negative organisms.

PMID- 3862885
TI  - [Transfer of ceftizoxime to renal tissues].
AB  - Serum and renal tissue concentrations of ceftizoxime (CZX) after intravenous
      dosing with 1 g were determined in 15 patients with renal disease. The highest
      serum concentration of CZX was 105 micrograms/ml 6 minutes after dosing and the
      lowest concentration was 10.5 micrograms/ml at 170 minutes. The highest renal
      tissue concentration was 155 micrograms/g and the lowest concentration was 7.46
      micrograms/g. There were no correlation between the tissue concentrations and
      sampling time. Tissue to serum concentration ratios ranged from 0.28 to 5.73.
      These patients were divided into 3 groups; hydronephrosis, normal kidneys and
      renal atrophy according to pyelographic findings. Their renal tissue
      concentrations were compared with serum concentrations in each group. The tissue
      concentrations were lower than the serum concentrations in the first group, and
      were almost the same or higher in the other groups. CZX concentrations in the
      medulla and the cortex were determined in 5 patients; and were higher in the
      medulla in 4 of these patients. Urinary tract infection due to E. coli, K.
      pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, S. pyogenes or S. epidermidis was present in 5 of the
      25 patients. Intravenous injection of 1 g of CZX provided therapeutically
      effective concentrations against these urinary tract infections.

PMID- 3862886
TI  - [How to determine the prophylactic effect on postoperative infections].
AB  - With the cooperation of 13 medical institutions in the Tokyo area, the methods to
      determine the prophylactic effect on postoperative infections in gynecological
      surgery were evaluated. Two hundred and ninety-nine patients were enrolled for
      the study of postoperative infections, febrile morbidity and fever index
      following abdominal (275) and vaginal (24) hysterectomies. Prophylactic cefotiam
      (CTM) of 1 gram was intravenously administered twice a day postoperatively for 3
      to 5 days. The rates of postoperative infections were 5.1% (14/275) in abdominal
      hysterectomy and 4.2% (1/24) in vaginal hysterectomy. The febrile morbidity
      (57.1% = 8/14) and fever index (52.3 +/- 41.1 degree hours) in the infection
      group were approximately about 4 times higher than those (12.3% = 32/261, and
      15.6 +/- 13.7 degree hours, respectively) in the non-infection group. No
      significant differences were observed in age, body weight, height of patients,
      period of operation and blood loss between these 2 groups. These data suggested
      that febrile morbidity and fever index were able to indicate the prophylactic
      effect of antibiotics on patients undergoing abdominal and vaginal
      hysterectomies.

PMID- 3862887
TI  - [Diagnostic value of serum RNases in chronic myelocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3862888
TI  - [Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children: modified LSA2-L2
      therapy].

PMID- 3862889
TI  - [Gastrointestinal symptoms of aclacinomycin A in patients with adult acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia--comparison of BH-AC-DMP therapy and BH-AC-AMP therapy].

PMID- 3862890
TI  - [Leukocytosis induced by BH-AC administration--allergic reaction to Casteo oil
      HCO-60. A case report].

PMID- 3862891
TI  - [Transient hypopituitarism in a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

PMID- 3862892
TI  - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia bearing B cell differentiation antigens (Ia, B4),
      with abdominal tumor].

PMID- 3862893
TI  - An imported case of human infection with Loa loa.

PMID- 3862894
TI  - Organization and neuraminidase susceptibility of sialic acid residues in human
      melanoma cell lines with different heterotransplantabilities in nude mice.
AB  - Quantitative analyses of sialic acid residues expressed at the surface of human
      melanoma cells have been performed on 6 cell lines differing in their ability to
      grow subcutaneously in nude mice. Whereas 3 of these cell lines showed low
      heterotransplantability (LT), 3 other cell lines showed high
      heterotransplantability (HT). It was found by several methodologic approaches
      that the 6 human melanoma cell lines varied significantly in their amount of
      sialic acid susceptible to Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase, but had similar amounts
      of total sialic acid residues. Cells in the LT group exhibited twice as much cell
      surface sialic acid residue susceptible to this enzyme as cells in the HT group.
      Specific fluorescent labeling of external cell surface sialic acid residues
      showed that the LT cells present a patch-like distribution of the label, whereas
      the HT cells are characterized by a more homogeneous distribution of the label.
      Thus the human melanoma cell lines could be distinguished not only by their
      heterotransplantability in nude mice but also by membrane properties, such as the
      topographic organization of their cell surface sialic acid residues.

PMID- 3862895
TI  - Proliferative and antigenic modifications in human epithelial cells in chronic
      atrophic gastritis.
AB  - For the study of both proliferative and antigenic changes in epithelial cells in
      a disease predisposing to gastric cancer, endoscopic biopsy specimens were
      analyzed following removal from individuals with chronic atrophic gastritis
      (CAG); comparisons were made with specimens from normal gastric mucosa. All
      subjects were from Narino, Colombia, the population of which has a high age
      adjusted incidence of gastric cancer (150/100,000 population) occurring mainly in
      gastric antrum. After pulse incubation of biopsy specimens with tritiated
      thymidine ([3H]dThd), microautoradiographic distributions of [3H]dThd-labeled
      cells in the epithelial lining of gastric pits were correlated with expression of
      serologically defined gamma-fetal antigen (FA) as a second marker. Measurements
      were done both in gastric corpus and in antrum for entire gastric pits and over
      multiple gastric pit compartments. Total numbers of cells per gastric pit column
      did not differ between the normal and the CAG specimens either in corpus or in
      antrum; however, both in corpus and in antrum mean numbers of [3H]dThd-labeled
      cells per gastric pit column and labeling index were almost twice as large for
      the CAG population (P less than .006). Labeling index differences also were
      significant over most gastric pit compartments (P less than .02). In antrum gamma
      FA-positive lesions had an expanded proliferative compartment with labeling
      indices significantly greater than those of antigen-negative lesions (P less than
      .02). This correlation did not extend to biopsy specimens obtained from corpus of
      stomach where the frequency of carcinoma is low. Findings indicate a
      hyperproliferative state in CAG compared to the proliferative state in normal
      gastric mucosa and, in gastric antrum, a further correlation with expression of
      gamma-FA in hyperproliferating cells. The two markers can be used to aid
      definition of the gastric mucosa in a disease associated with the development of
      gastric cancer and in prophylactic dietary intervention programs.

PMID- 3862896
TI  - Localization of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody in a human soft tissue sarcoma
      xenograft.
AB  - 125I-labeled monoclonal antibody 19-24 (mouse isotype IgG1) was evaluated for its
      potential usefulness in the clinical radioimmunodetection of sarcoma. The
      antibody reacts with a cell surface antigen preferentially expressed in many
      human soft tissue and bone sarcomas. Chromatographic and electrophoretic analyses
      indicated that the labeled preparation was relatively pure. Binding studies in
      vitro demonstrated that specificity for antigen was retained after iodination and
      indicated that the labeled antibody possessed an immunoreactivity in excess of
      90% and a binding constant of 8.1 X 10(9) M-1. When administered to athymic NCr
      nu/nu mice bearing 1-cm diameter human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 xenografts, the
      labeled antibody preferentially localized in tumor deposits. Maximum tumor-to
      blood radioactivity ratios (2.2-3.4) were obtained 7 days after antibody
      injection. Specificity of the localization was confirmed with a control mouse
      IgG1 antibody and by using a nonreactive xenograft. Distinct tumor images were
      obtained by gamma camera without the use of subtraction techniques, demonstrating
      the possible clinical utility of the labeled antibody.

PMID- 3862897
TI  - Dietary determinants of gastric cancer in south Louisiana inhabitants.
AB  - In south Louisiana, 391 recently diagnosed gastric cancer patients and an equal
      number of controls were interviewed. Questions asked covered residential and
      occupational histories, environmental exposures, tobacco use, diet, alcohol
      consumption, and pertinent demographic characteristics. Elevated relative risks
      were found for use of tobacco and alcohol products. Diet was found to be the main
      determinant of gastric cancer risk in south Louisiana. Both dietary patterns and
      dietary risk factors differed for blacks and whites, although fruits as a group
      and dietary vitamin C were found to exert strong protective effects for both
      blacks and whites. Consumption of smoked foods and homemade or home-cured meats
      increased risk of gastric cancer for blacks but not for whites. The findings are
      discussed in the light of the prevailing etiologic hypotheses.

PMID- 3862898
TI  - Presurgical serum immunoglobulin concentrations and the prognosis of operable
      breast cancer in women.
AB  - Serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and allergen-specific IgE were
      measured in presurgical serum samples from 400 women admitted to a
      multidisciplinary study of primary breast cancer. The relationships between the
      serum immunoglobulins and patient survival were analyzed with the use of a Cox
      proportional hazards linear model. After adjustment for TNM stage, tumor
      histopathologic grade, and estrogen receptor (E2R) status, lower IgM
      concentrations were associated with longer survival. Lower IgE concentrations
      were also associated with longer survival, but only in patients whose tumors were
      E2R positive. IgG and IgA were not related to survival. Serum IgM and IgE
      concentrations, allergen-specific IgE scores, and the tumor E2R status were
      combined to construct a three-level risk classification that was more prognostic
      than any of the individual components. Cox model analysis demonstrated that this
      combination of immunologic and hormonal variables provided significant new
      information beyond that obtained from TNM staging and histopathologic grading of
      the tumors (P = .01). This new information may be useful to physicians in
      advising patients with primary, operable breast cancer about the relative risks
      and benefits of adjuvant therapy and in designing clinical trials of adjuvant
      therapy.

PMID- 3862899
TI  - Risk of breast cancer to relatives of young breast cancer patients.
AB  - Breast cancer risk among sisters and mothers of a population-based series of
      1,137 breast cancer patients diagnosed in Metropolitan Detroit before the age of
      55 years was compared with risk to the same relatives of 1,001 age-matched,
      population-based controls. After adjusting for age of the relative, for age of
      the case or control, and for race, the odds ratio for breast cancer for women
      with affected sisters was 2.2; for women with affected daughters, 3.2; and for
      women with affected mothers and sisters, 9.9. Breast cancer in aunts had no
      independent influence on risk. Among white women, cumulative risk of breast
      cancer before the age of 50 years was approximately 1% for relatives of controls,
      3% for sisters of older cases, but about 17% for women either with sisters
      diagnosed before the age of 40 years or with affected sisters and mothers.
      Sisters of the older patients had a 13% risk of breast cancer by 70 years of age,
      compared to 5% for sisters of controls. White women with affected mothers and
      sisters were at 50% risk by 65 years of age. This study identifies the criteria
      for women who could receive particular benefit from screening for breast cancer.

PMID- 3862900
TI  - Splenotoxicity associated with splenic sarcomas in rats fed high doses of D & C
      Red No. 9 or aniline hydrochloride.
AB  - A histopathologic review of F344 rat spleens from the National Toxicology Program
      National Cancer Institute bioassays of barium salt of 5-chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-1
      naphthalenyl)-azo-4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid [(D & C Red No. 9) CAS: 516-00-21]
      and aniline HCI (CAS: 142-04-1) was conducted to assess splenotoxic changes
      associated with splenic sarcomas induced by these aromatic amines. Four splenic
      changes--fatty metamorphosis (FM), splenic fibrosis (FIB), capsule hyperplasia
      (CH), and hemorrhage--were markedly increased in incidence and severity in males
      treated with high doses of either D & C Red No. 9 or aniline HCI. Females treated
      with high doses of either of these compounds showed similar but less severe
      changes. FIB and FM showed strong group correlations with tumor incidence (r
      greater than or equal to 0.87). All groups that demonstrated FM also demonstrated
      splenic sarcomas; groups without the FM lesions did not exhibit splenic tumors.
      The morphologic similarity of the FIB and CH lesions to the induced splenic
      sarcomas suggests that these lesions are preneoplastic. Moreover, the treatment
      related splenic lesions appear to be precursors of the induced splenic sarcomas.
      Carcinogenicity studies with serial sacrifices at varying intervals will be
      required for experimental verification of these conclusions. A schema, based on
      the findings of the study, suggests a hypothetical pathway for the progression of
      the treatment-related splenic lesions from onset to tumor formation.

PMID- 3862901
TI  - Metastatic dissemination of B16 melanoma: pattern and sequence of metastasis.
AB  - The progressive metastatic spread from subcutaneous transplants of two
      subpopulations of the mouse B16 melanoma, slow-growing clone G3.5 and fast
      growing clone G3.12, was examined during tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice and after
      surgical excision of tumors of various sizes. In addition to enumeration of
      visible and lethal or potentially lethal ("clinically relevant") metastases, the
      occurrence of visibly undetectable proliferating (occult) or nonproliferating
      (dormant) micrometastases was assessed by implanting lymph nodes and organs
      subcutaneously into normal mice and monitoring for resulting tumor growth. Occult
      or dormant metastases were disseminated initially to the lungs from G3.5 tumors
      of 3-4 mm in mean geometric diameter (MGD) and G3.12 tumors of 6-7 mm in MGD. The
      ipsilateral axillary lymph node (IALN), the regional draining lymph node for
      these tumors, received metastases after the lungs, initially from 10 to 12-mm
      tumors. Subsequently, occult or dormant and visible metastases first appeared in
      systemic organs and lymph nodes (kidneys, adrenal glands, ovaries, and
      contralateral axillary lymph node) at tumor sizes of about 26 mm in MGD. Systemic
      metastases occurred only in mice with large and numerous lung metastases and did
      not depend on the continuing presence of the subcutaneous tumor or on the
      presence of IALN metastases, which indicated that established lung metastases
      were a generalizing site from which systemic metastatic spread initiated. After
      tumor excision, death generally resulted from extensive lung metastasis.
      Occasional lethal or clinically relevant metastases were also observed in the
      IALN, kidneys, adrenal glands, ovaries, brain, eyes, and urinary bladder; liver
      involvement was evident exclusively as occult or dormant micrometastases.
      Terminal metastatic patterns of these B16 melanoma transplants were as widespread
      and indiscriminate as those of malignant melanoma in humans.

PMID- 3862902
TI  - Immunologic control of a retrovirus-associated murine adenocarcinoma. VI.
      Augmentation of antibody-dependent killing following quantitative and qualitative
      changes in host peritoneal cells.
AB  - Attempts were made to augment the antibody-dependent killing of the ascitic
      AD755a tumor in vivo to protect C57BL/6J mice against the outgrowth of larger
      tumor burdens. The lethal dose for this tumor is less than 100 cells, and
      antibodies contained in a hyperimmune antitumor serum (HIS) were found to
      suppress the outgrowth of a maximum of about 5 X 10(5) cells. Thioglycollate
      injected ip increased the number of peritoneal macrophages, potential effectors
      for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), by tenfold to fortyfold
      and raised the maximum treatable tumor challenge (MTTC) to about 4 X 10(6) cells.
      By comparison, ip injection of Corynebacterium parvum increased the total
      peritoneal cell population by only twofold but raised the MTTC to about 20 X
      10(6) cells. Neither agent alone had an effect on long-term survival, even at
      very low tumor inocula (1 X 10(3) cells). The protective HIS is known to contain
      tumor-binding antibodies in each of the IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B isotype fractions.
      Although the IgG2A fraction is far superior in vivo in the suppression of tumor
      outgrowth, the IgG2A fraction was also found to be most effective in combination
      with thioglycollate treatment in agreement with the observed preference of
      thioglycollate-elicited macrophages for this isotype in in vitro killing assays.
      In contrast following C. parvum treatment, all three isoptype fractions were
      equally suppressive to tumor outgrowth. A second major change following C. parvum
      treatment was that tumor cells precoated in vitro with antibodies were
      effectively eliminated in vivo. The same antibody-coated cells administered to
      thioglycollate-treated or unmanipulated animals were uniformly lethal even at
      much lower tumor doses. Taken together these results suggested a major
      qualitative change in the antibody-dependent tumor-killing process following C.
      parvum treatment. This change was most likely due to the C. parvum activation of
      highly lytic effector cells for ADCC, the identity of which was examined in an
      accompanying manuscript.

PMID- 3862903
TI  - Immunologic control of a retrovirus-associated murine adenocarcinoma. VII. Tumor
      cell destruction by macrophages and IgG2A.
AB  - The mechanism by which IgG2A from a syngeneic antitumor hyperimmune serum
      mediates destruction of target cells in the presence of thioglycollate-elicited
      peritoneal macrophages was investigated by using an in vitro assay system.
      Labeled tumor cells were found to exhibit a biphasic pattern of binding to the
      effector cells; this binding pattern was dependent on the presence of specific
      antibody. The initial binding phase produced no apparent changes in the target
      cell population. Target cells coated with specific antibody exhibited a similar
      early binding phase, but excess free antibody was required for the subsequent
      binding phase and its associated release of radiolabel and cell destruction.
      Several features of this process observed distinguished it from more conventional
      forms of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytoxicity. These included 1) the
      preference for antibodies of the IgG2A isotype, 2) the association of cell
      destruction with the release of nuclear but not cytoplasmic label, and 3) the
      requirement of excess free antibody for target cell killing.

PMID- 3862904
TI  - Immunologic control of a retrovirus-associated murine adenocarcinoma. VIII.
      Corynebacterium parvum-activated natural killer cells as potent antibody
      dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity effectors.
AB  - The antibody-dependent lytic activity of Corynebacterium parvum-induced
      peritoneal exudate cells was examined in vitro by utilizing AD755a tumor targets
      and a homologous anti-AD755a hyperimmune serum. Maximum antibody-dependent cell
      mediated cytolysis (ADCC) of tumor targets was achieved within 4 hours of
      incubation. ADCC activity was found primarily in the plastic nonadherent cell
      population and was greatly enriched following removal of phagocytic cells by
      carbonyl iron. Phenotypically, the cells active in short-term ADCC were Qa-5+,
      ASGM-1+, Thy 1.2+, and NK 1.1+ and were unaffected by treatment with Lyt 1.2, Lyt
      2.2, MAC-1, or I-Ab antibodies plus complement. Cells active in antibody
      independent lysis of AD755a targets were phenotypically identical to antibody
      dependent effectors. Although indicative of a natural killer (NK) cell phenotype,
      C. parvum-induced effectors differed from "spontaneous" splenic NK cells in their
      relative sensitivity to anti-Thy 1.2 as well as to anti-NK 1.1 treatment. Unlike
      the IgG2a-dependent lysis of AD755a-derived cells by inflammatory macrophages,
      all IgG isotypes of antiAD755a serum were equally effective in ADCC mediated by
      C. parvum NK cells. Finally, treatment of C. parvum-inoculated animals with anti
      ASGM-1 serum eliminated in vitro NK activity and abrogated the in vivo
      therapeutic effects of hyperimmune serum. These findings, together with other
      correlations detailed herein, strongly suggested that C. parvum-activated NK
      cells appeared to represent a unique subset of NK cells that can serve as potent
      effectors in the antibody-dependent killing of AD755a tumor cells.

PMID- 3862905
TI  - Ochratoxin A carcinogenesis in the (C57BL/6J X C3H)F1 mouse.
AB  - The potential carcinogenic effects of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A [(OA); CAS: 303
      47-9] were assessed in a 24-month feeding study in male and female (C57BL/6J X
      C3H)F1 (B6C3F1) mice. The mice were assigned to 3 groups of 50 males and 50
      females each; group 1 mice were the controls, group 2 mice were fed 1 ppm OA, and
      group 3 mice were fed 40 ppm OA. Renal neoplasms, both carcinomas and adenomas,
      were found only in male mice of the 40-ppm dose group. Fourteen of 49 animals
      that survived at least 20 months had neoplasms morphologically consistent with
      renal carcinoma. Renal adenomas were present in some of these mice and in other
      40-ppm-group males, making a total of 26 mice with renal adenomas. All male mice
      of the 40-ppm dose group had nephropathy characterized by varying degrees of
      renal tubular dilation, attenuation and hyperplasia of lining epithelium, and
      proliferation of regenerative tubules. Females of the 40-ppm dose group had
      similar but less severe renal changes but no carcinomas or adenomas. Compound
      related renal lesions were absent in the 1-ppm dose group. The incidence of
      hepatocellular neoplasms was slightly increased in male and female mice fed diets
      containing OA. These results indicate that OA is a renal carcinogen in male
      B6C3F1 mice and a hepatic carcinogen in female mice of this strain.

PMID- 3862906
TI  - Relation between development of leukemia and duration of N-nitroso-N-ethylurea
      treatment in DONRYU rats.
AB  - N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU; CAS: 759-73-9) is a strong leukemogen that induces
      erythroblastic leukemia in inbred DONRYU rats. In the present experiments,
      relationships between development of leukemia, duration of NEU treatment, and
      sequential changes in the hematopoietic organs during carcinogen administration
      were examined. In experiment 1, groups of rats were given a 400-ppm NEU solution
      for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks, and the resultant incidence of leukemias was 0,
      26, 40, 75, 95, and 100%, respectively. Of the various types of leukemia, the
      erythroblastic type was observed in 0, 0, 20, 40, 95, and 90% of rats,
      respectively. The average latent period showed an inverse correlation with the
      duration of NEU treatment. In experiment 2 the animals were divided into
      carcinogen-treated and control groups, and rats were sacrificed periodically for
      histopathologic examination. In the experimental group, the bone marrow became
      hypoplastic soon after commencement of NEU treatment and at the 6th week became
      severely aplastic, thereafter recovering slightly. At the 10th week, 2 rats out
      of 5 examined were leukemic. Relationships between incidence of leukemia,
      duration of NEU treatment, and sequential changes of the bone marrow during
      carcinogen administration are discussed.

PMID- 3862907
TI  - Differential sensitivity of metastatic versus nonmetastatic mammary tumor cells
      to macrophage-mediated cytostasis.
AB  - Sensitivity to macrophage-mediated cytostasis was determined with 4 tumor cell
      lines derived from a single, spontaneously arising mouse mammary tumor.
      Cytostasis was measured in a 48-hour [3H]thymidine-incorporation assay with the
      use of maleic vinyl ether (pyran) fraction 2 (MVE-2)-elicited peritoneal
      macrophages as effector cells. Metastatic tumor lines 66 and 410.4 were less
      sensitive than nonmetastatic lines 67 and 168. Pretreatment of tumor cells with
      indomethacin for 24 hours before assay increased the cytostatic sensitivity of
      the metastatic tumor lines but did not affect that of the nonmetastatic tumor
      lines. Addition of 100 ng lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ml to the assay mixture of MVE
      2-primed macrophages and tumor cells or pretreatment of macrophages with LPS
      markedly lessened the differences in cytostatic sensitivity among the metastatic
      and nonmetastatic lines. Pretreatment of tumor cells with indomethacin plus
      addition of LPS during the effector phase of the assay completely abrogated
      differences in sensitivity. These results suggest that differences in sensitivity
      of metastatic versus nonmetastatic tumor cells to macrophage cytostasis are due
      to both tumor cell (prostaglandin) and effector cell (activation state) factors.

PMID- 3862908
TI  - Murine lung carcinogenesis following exposure to ambient ozone concentrations.
AB  - Inbred strain A/J mice, responsive to the chemical induction of pulmonary
      adenomas, were used to assess any of several roles that the photochemical air
      pollutant ozone might play in lung carcinogenesis. In separate experiments,
      animals were exposed to two concentrations of ozone (0.31 +/- 0.01 and 0.50 +/-
      0.02 ppm) intermittently for a 6-month period, to evaluate the potential of ozone
      to act as either a pulmonary carcinogen, a tumor promoter, or an inhalant capable
      of increasing lung tumor yield when exposure was in conjunction with a pulmonary
      carcinogen, urethane. Statistical analyses of results indicated that ozone
      exposure at both concentrations caused an increase in lung tumor number relative
      to clean air controls, but that ozone was not an effective tumor promoter under
      the conditions of our protocol. When ozone exposure immediately preceded
      treatment with urethane (CAS: 51-79-6), animals were at increased risk for the
      development of lung adenomas.

PMID- 3862909
TI  - Effect of different levels of dietary trans fat or corn oil on azoxymethane
      induced colon carcinogenesis in F344 rats.
AB  - The effect of various levels of dietary corn oil or trans fat on azoxymethane
      (AOM; CAS: 25843-45-2)-induced carcinogenesis was investigated in female F344
      rats fed the AIN-76 semipurified diets. Starting at 5 weeks of age, groups of
      rats were fed the low-fat diet containing 5% corn oil (designated as low-fat
      control diet). At 7 weeks of age, all animals except the vehicle-treated
      controls, were given sc injections of AOM (15 mg/kg body wt, once weekly) for 3
      weeks. After 1 week, groups of animals were transferred to semipurified diets
      containing 13.6% corn oil and 23.5% corn oil or high-fat diets containing 5.9%
      corn oil plus 5.9% trans fat plus 11.8% Oleinate (low trans fat), 5.9% corn oil
      plus 11.8% trans fat plus 5.9% Oleinate (intermediate trans fat), and 5.9% corn
      oil plus 17.6% trans fat (high trans fat). Fecal bile acids were measured in
      vehicle-treated rats. All animals were necropsied 34 weeks after the last AOM
      injection. The animals fed the 23.5% corn oil diet had a higher incidence of
      colon tumors than did those in the groups fed the 5 and 13.6% corn oil diets.
      There was no difference in colon tumor incidence between the 5 and 13.6% corn oil
      diet groups. The animals fed the high-fat diets containing low trans fat,
      intermediate trans fat, and high trans fat developed significantly fewer liver
      and colon tumors and more small intestinal tumors than did the rats fed 23.5%
      corn oil diet. The excretion of fecal deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and 12
      ketolithocholic acid was higher in animals fed the 23.5% corn oil diet compared
      to the excretion in animals fed the other diets.

PMID- 3862910
TI  - The emergency preparedness of general dentists in Kentucky.

PMID- 3862911
TI  - [Results of therapy with the Ommaya reservoir (1)].

PMID- 3862912
TI  - [Increased rate of sister chromatid exchange following therapy of acute
      lymphoblastic leukemias and non-Hodgkin lymphomas in childhood].
AB  - Sister chromatid exchanges rates (SCE) were studied in peripheral blood
      lymphocytes of 10 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) or leukaemic
      transformed non-Hodgkin-lymphomas (NHL) and in lymphocytes of 10 healthy juvenile
      donors (control). Following treatment the patient group has been in continuous
      complete remission for 11 months on the average. In the number of SCE's
      significant differences were found: 10,90/metaphases in the patients versus
      7,56/metaphases in the controls. These results significantly show a long time
      influence of the treatment on the SCE rates, possibly inducing chromosome
      aberrations.

PMID- 3862913
TI  - [Genetics of Crohn disease: study of the HLA association in 169 patients].
AB  - Histocompatibility (HLA) antigen phenotypes have been studied in 169 patients
      with Crohn's disease. The following results could bei shown: HLA-Aw33, -B45 and 
      Cw3 showed a positive association and HLA-A26, -DR3 and -DRw8 a negative
      association with Crohn's disease compared to healthy controls. However, when the
      p-values were corrected by multiplying them by the number of determined antigens
      per gen-locus, the differences were not significant. Patients with a late onset
      of the disease (greater than 25 years) showed a statistical significant negative
      association with HLA-DR3. Numerous studies revealed no significant association
      between Crohn's disease and HLA-antigens except Smolen et al. (HLA-B12). The
      significant association of Crohn's disease and HLA-B12 reported by Smolen et al.
      could be caused by an increased frequency of HLA-B45 as we found in our patients.

PMID- 3862915
TI  - [Low-molecular lymphopeptides in the blood serum of patients with diffuse disease
      of the connective tissue as a risk factor in the development lymphoblastic
      leukemia].

PMID- 3862914
TI  - [Characteristics of the "asthmatic triad" depending on the forms of bronchial
      asthma].

PMID- 3862916
TI  - [Stages in the formation of various atypical forms of acute leukemia:
      hematopoietic dysplasia--preleukemia--leukemia].

PMID- 3862917
TI  - Mammography: why, when and how.

PMID- 3862918
TI  - Relief of superior vena cava syndrome with spiral vein bypass grafting.

PMID- 3862919
TI  - Bronchogenic carcinoma presenting as benign esophageal disease.

PMID- 3862920
TI  - Biliary dyskinesia: diagnosis by common bile duct manometry and treatment by
      endoscopic sphincterotomy.

PMID- 3862921
TI  - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: determinants of response to therapy.

PMID- 3862922
TI  - Mixed megakaryocytic-granulocytic differentiation during diffusion chamber
      culture of peripheral blast cells from the blast crisis of chronic myelocytic
      leukemia.
AB  - Morphologically and cytochemically undifferentiated peripheral blast cells from
      three patients in blast crisis of Ph'-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia were
      analysed morphologically, immunologically and cytogenetically prior to and during
      in-vivo diffusion chamber culture (DC) to investigate their differentiation
      capacity. In two patients immunological markers characteristic of the
      megakaryocytic lineage were found on the original cells, but lineage-specific
      differentiation markers were absent on the blast cells of the third patient.
      During DC culture multilineage differentiation capacity could be demonstrated
      immunologically and morphologically in all three patients with expression of
      megakaryocytic and granulocytic markers as well as terminal differentiation along
      these lineages. Cytogenetic analysis prior to and during DC culture provided
      evidence that the cells differentiating in culture were derived from the blast
      crisis clones and that the event leading to blast crisis might have occurred in a
      pluripotent precursor cell which retained its differentiation capacity along
      several lineages.

PMID- 3862923
TI  - Effects of chemotherapy on bone marrow stroma in mice with acute myelogenous
      leukemia. Correlation with CFU-C and CFU-D.
AB  - This study describes changes in bone marrow stroma in murine acute myelogenous
      leukemia (AML). The AML was induced in C57B1 mice by intravenous (i.v.)
      transfusion of C4198 myelogenous leukemic cells. In untreated leukemic mice, the
      colony-forming unit fibroblasts (CFU-F) were severely inhibited. In leukemic mice
      treated by three chemotherapy protocols of cytosine-arabinoside (Ara-C) and
      adriamycin there was a 200% increase in the life span as compared to untreated
      leukemic animals and marked reduction of marrow leukemic load. In these mice the
      stromal inhibition was temporarily relieved, expressed by peaks of CFU-F2-3 days
      following each protocol. In between the peaks, CFU-F decreased to subnormal
      levels, remaining low to the end of the disease. In normal mice administered a
      similar chemotherapy regimen, there were peaks of CFU-F activation after each
      protocol and normal levels in between the peaks. Granulocyte/macrophage
      progenitors (CFU-C) of leukemic-treated and normal-treated mice showed increased
      levels following each chemotherapy protocol. Whereas CFU-C decreased below normal
      levels in leukemic mice towards the end of the disease, the level of these
      progenitors remained high in normal mice receiving Ara-C and adriamycin. Colony
      forming units in diffusion chamber (CFU-D) showed mild fluctuations in both
      leukemic and normal mice receiving three protocols of Ara-C and adriamycin. It is
      possible that despite treatment, the bone marrow stroma in leukemia becomes
      irreversibly deficient towards the end of the disease and cannot support the
      residual normal hematopoiesis.

PMID- 3862924
TI  - Characterization of differentiation-inducer-resistant HL-60 cells.
AB  - Sub-lines of the cultured human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 were
      individually selected for their ability to sustain exponential growth in the
      presence of 3 structurally-unrelated inducers of granulocytic differentiation -
      retinoic acid (RA), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and 6-thioguanine (6TG). Selections
      were made by step-wise augmentation to final drug concentrations of 10(-3)mM RA,
      169mM (1.2%) DMSO and 0.12mM (20 micrograms ml-1) 6TG. In addition to growth
      resistance, cells in each sub-line displayed variable cytodifferentiation
      resistance to each of the 3 selective agents, which was quantitated as the ratio
      of the concentration of drug required to induce differentiation in 50% of the
      cells in each resistant sub-line versus comparably-passaged wild-type HL-60
      cells. The levels of resistance/cross-resistance were as follows: RA-resistant
      (res) sub-line greater than 2700-fold to RA, 1.3-fold to DMSO and greater than
      1.5-fold to hypoxanthine (HXN; the noncytotoxic purine base inducer analogue of
      6TG); DMSO-res sub-line 2.5-fold to DMSO, 137-fold to RA and greater than 1.5
      fold to HXN; and 6TG-res sub-line greater than 1.5-fold to HXN, 9-fold to RA and
      1.6-fold to DMSO. These sub-lines were not cross-resistant to sodium butyrate
      (NaBut), a monocyte inducer, or to 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a
      macrophage inducer. HL-60 sub-lines selected by exposure to a single high
      concentration of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BUdR; 3.3 X 10(-2)mM) or oubain (Ou; 5
      X 10(-3)mM) were not or were slightly cross-resistant to either granulocyte or
      monocyte inducers. Although some variations in line/sub-line phenotype were
      observed, this was minor compared to the quantitative variations in response to
      individual inducing agents. The RA-res and 6TG-res sub-lines contained numerous
      double minute chromosomes (indicators of amplified genes) which were either
      absent or present in much smaller numbers in the parental wild-type cells or in
      the other drug-resistant sub-lines. There was little change or a decrease in the
      amplification level of the known amplified oncogene c-myc in the various drug
      resistant sub-lines compared to wild-type HL-60 cells. These results (a) confirm
      that the neutrophilic granulocytic and monocytic/macrophagic differentiation
      programs in HL-60 cells are mechanistically different and separable; (b) suggest
      that both agent-specific and common quantitative alterations contribute to the
      mechanism(s) for resistance to granulocyte differentiation; and (c) suggest that
      the latter quantitative defects could be related to amplification of genes other
      than c-myc.

PMID- 3862925
TI  - [Osteoma of the temporal bone as a rare differential diagnosis of a
      retroauricular tumor].
AB  - Extracanalicular osteomas of the temporal bone represent a rare differential
      diagnosis of osseous tumours in the ear region in contrast to the common finding
      of exostoses of the external auditory canal. Basing on a report on a
      retroauricular osteoma of the squama of the temporal bone treated in the authors'
      ENT clinic, the morphological and clinical characteristics of this tumour are
      discussed.

PMID- 3862926
TI  - Role of prostanoids and lipid peroxides as mediators of the 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate effect on cell growth.
AB  - Confluent cultures of guinea pig smooth muscle cells (SMC) or human fibroblasts
      (HNF) were treated with 12-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Prostanoid
      levels were measured by the radioimmunoassay of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGE2, and
      lipid peroxides were measured by the thiobarbituric acid test for malondialdehyde
      (MDA). Cells were seeded at low densities, and growth was calculated both from
      the cell count (Coulter Counter) and the colony number (image analysis). When
      confluent SMC and HNF were incubated in media alone, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels
      were a function of the TPA concentration, increasing to a maximum at 10(-8) M TPA
      and then decreasing at higher TPC concentrations. When confluent SMC and HNF were
      incubated in media containing exogenous arachidonic acid, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      levels again increased to a maximum at 10(-8) M TPA but decreased at higher TPA
      concentrations only with SMC. The increase in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels was much
      greater in HNF (1310%) than SMC (680%). SMC synthesized similar amounts of 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha and PGE2, and the stimulatory effect of TPA was similar with 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha and PGE2. Indomethacin (IM) blocked prostanoid synthesis at all TPA
      concentrations. TPA did not have a significant effect on MDA levels in either
      cell line. The lipid antioxidants alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopherylquinone
      blocked lipid peroxidation without affecting the stimulation of prostanoid
      synthesis with TPA. Cell number decreased to a minimum at 10(-8) M TPA in both
      cell lines. The decrease in cell number was much greater in HNF (72%) than SMC
      (30%). SMC colony number decreased at 10(-8) TPA and then increased at 10(-6) M
      TPA. IM did not block the TPA effect on cell number in either cell line.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3862927
TI  - 17 beta-Hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase: a ubiquitous enzyme. Interconversion of
      estrone and estradiol-17 beta in BALB/c mouse tissues.
AB  - A survey was conducted to define the sites of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid
      oxidoreductase activity in organs and tissues of male and female BALB/c mice, as
      well as the favored direction of the oxidoreductase reaction in intact tissues.
      The enzyme activity was assayed by use of radiolabeled estrone and estradiol-17
      beta as substrates. Estrone formation from estradiol-17 beta was demonstrated in
      all tissues. The formation of estradiol-17 beta from estrone was demonstrated in
      most tissues, however, it was barely detected or was undetectable in the
      glandular stomach, small intestine, cecum, and large intestine. Thus, 17 beta
      hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity is expressed in all BALB/c mouse organs
      and tissues. Approximately two-thirds of the tissues and organs examined,
      including those of the reproductive tracts, favored the conversion of estrone to
      estradiol-17 beta rather than the reverse reaction. The results of this study,
      however, represent qualitative estimates of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase
      activity in BALB/c mouse tissues that are uncorrected for conversion to
      hydroxylated metabolites. These in vitro findings suggest that the 17 beta
      hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase catalyzed reduction of estrone may contribute to
      the maintenance of physiologic levels of estradiol-17 beta in estrogen responsive
      tissues.

PMID- 3862928
TI  - Polylysine-drug conjugates.

PMID- 3862929
TI  - Mutagenic and error-free DNA repair in Streptomyces.
AB  - Two mutants of Streptomyces fradiae defective in DNA repair have been
      characterized for their responses to the mutagenic and lethal effects of several
      chemical mutagens and ultraviolet (UV) light. S. fradiae JS2 (mcr-2) was more
      sensitive than wild type to agents which produce bulky lesions resulting in large
      distortions of the double helix [i.e. UV-light, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQO),
      and mitomycin C (MC)] but not to agents which produce small lesions [i.e.
      hydroxylamine (HA), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)
      and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)]. JS2 expressed a much higher
      frequency of mutagenesis induced by UV-light at low doses and thus appeared to be
      defective in an error-free excision repair pathway for bulky lesions analogous to
      the uvr ABC pathway of Escherichia coli. S. fradiae JS4 (mcr-4) was defective in
      repair of damage by most agents which produce small or bulky lesions (i.e., HA,
      NQO, MMS, MNNG, MC, and UV, but not EMS). JS4 was slightly hypermutable by EMS
      and MMS but showed reduced mutagenesis by NQO and HA. This unusual phenotype
      suggests that the mcr-4+ protein plays some role in error-prone repair in S.
      fradiae.

PMID- 3862930
TI  - Methylation of 16S ribosomal RNA and resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics in
      clones of Streptomyces lividans carrying DNA from Streptomyces tenjimariensis.
AB  - A single gene from Streptomyces tenjimariensis, conferring resistance to
      kanamycin, apramycin and sisomicin, has been cloned in Streptomyces lividans. The
      mechanism of resistance involves methylation of 16S RNA in the 30S ribosomal
      subunit.

PMID- 3862931
TI  - Regional assignment of the genes for TK1, GALK, ALDC, and ESD on chromosome 8 in
      the American mink by chromosome-mediated gene transfer.
AB  - A panel of clones of mink-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids was analysed to
      obtain data for assigning the genes for thymidine kinase-1 (TK1), galactokinase
      (GALK), subunit C of aldolase (ALDC), and esterase D (ESD) to specific mink
      chromosomes. The results demonstrate that the genes for TK1, GALK, ALDC and ESD
      are syntenic and located on mink chromosome 8. Prometaphase analysis of
      transformed mouse cells obtained by transfer of mink genes by means of metaphase
      chromosomes demonstrated the presence of mink chromosome 8 fragments of different
      sizes in some of the independent transformants. Segregation analysis of these
      fragments and mink TK1, GALK, ALDC and ESD allowed us to assign the genes for TK1
      and GALK to 8p24, ALDC to pter-8p25, and ESD to 8q24-8qter.

PMID- 3862932
TI  - Comparative studies on the structural gene for the ribosomal protein S1 in ten
      bacterial species.
AB  - By applying the Southern blot technique we compared the structural gene rpsA for
      ribosomal protein S1 and its preceding sequence from Escherichia coli with nine
      other bacterial species. We found high homology among the structural genes of E.
      coli and other gram-negative but not gram-positive bacteria. In contrast, the
      regulatory sequence preceding the structural gene was not highly conserved among
      the organisms studied. Cloning and DNA sequence analysis of a 1.2 kb fragment
      coding for most of the structural gene for S1 from Providencia localized some
      strongly conserved parts of the DNA sequence, despite the fact that the codon
      usage showed considerable divergence from that of E. coli.

PMID- 3862933
TI  - Preferential expression of the maternally inherited X-linked phosphoglycerate
      kinase allele in human erythrocytes.
AB  - The stability of allelic gene expression of X-linked phosphoglycerate kinase was
      studied in seven carriers of a rare genetic variant named PGK Munchen. The
      enzymatic activities in erythrocytes of five heterozygous females and three
      hemizygous males were determined repeatedly over a period of 10 years (1975-1984)
      and shown to remain constant. As the phosphoglycerate kinase activity is lower in
      cells expressing the PGK Munchen allele, the ratio of the two cell types in all
      heterozygous females of the PGK Munchen kindred could be calculated from the PGK
      activity and from the known allozyme activities in erythrocytes of homozygous
      wild type or hemizygous PGK Munchen carriers. Since the maternal or paternal
      origin of both alleles is known from the pedigree, the quantitative expression of
      the maternally derived allozyme in heterozygous women could be determined. In
      heterozygous carriers the cell pool expressing the maternally inherited allele
      was significantly increased, independently, of the PGK allele linked to the
      maternal X chromosome (P less than 0.001). Our data show that inactivation of one
      of the two X chromosomes in human female erythropoietic stem cell precursors may
      be non-random, at least in the kindred and cell populations described here. The
      results are discussed in the context of random X chromosome inactivation (Lyon
      hypothesis).

PMID- 3862934
TI  - Abnormal visual-evoked potentials in leukemic children after cranial radiation.
AB  - Visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) were studied in 55 asymptomatic children with
      leukemia or solid tumors in remission in order to detect subclinical
      demyelination of the optic pathway after CNS prophylaxis. In group I (11 patients
      with ALL studied prospectively), VEP latency was increased in ten after cranial
      radiation (CR) as compared with previous values. Group II (18 patients with ALL
      in maintenance) and group III (16 patients with ALL off therapy) were studied
      retrospectively and VEP latency was found above normal limits in 33 and 31%,
      respectively. In group IV (four patients with solid tumors and six with leukemia,
      all of whom received no CR), VEP latency was normal despite periodical
      intrathecal methotrexate administrations to five of them. We conclude that CR
      determines a slowing of conduction on VEP test, probably due to demyelination of
      the optic pathway, in a high proportion of patients. The future clinical
      significance of these findings must be established throughout a prolonged follow
      up period.

PMID- 3862935
TI  - Risk factors in long-term sequelae of central nervous system prophylaxis in
      successfully treated children with acute lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Seventy-two successfully treated patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, all in
      first complete remission and all off therapy, who had received CNS prophylaxis
      (radiotherapy, 2,400 rad, plus intrathecal methotrexate), were studied by
      computed tomography (CT) of the brain, EEGs, and neurologic evaluations 3 to 9
      years after the end of prophylaxis. Thirty-five patients showed CT brain scan
      abnormalities: intracranial calcifications (twelve); widening of the subarachnoid
      spaces (eight); isolated dilatation of ventricular spaces (three) and with
      frontal periventricular hypodensity (two); dilatation of ventricular and
      subarachnoid spaces (nine); and a hypodense area (one). Only 17 patients showed
      aspecific EEG abnormalities which were never linked to CT scan findings. None of
      our patients presented major motor deficits at the neurologic examination. A
      stepwise logistic regression technique showed that age less than 5 years at the
      time of prophylaxis was the most important risk factor (p = 0.008) of CT brain
      scan abnormalities followed by neurets (p = 0.037) and sex (p = 0.10).
      Furthermore, the multivariate analysis pointed out that the interactions between
      these variables were not significant and the effects were only of the first
      order.

PMID- 3862936
TI  - Acute cytoreduction techniques in the early treatment of hyperleukocytosis
      associated with childhood hematologic malignancies.
AB  - Early and effective cytoreduction for high peripheral white blood cell counts in
      pediatric patients with acute leukemia may be helpful in preventing complications
      secondary to hyperviscosity. It also may be a useful adjunct to systemic
      chemotherapy. As an alternative to automated apheresis for this purpose, manual
      exchange transfusion is efficacious and does not require hemapheresis
      instrumentation and disposables and the related special staff. Two patients, a
      neonate with acute myeloblastic leukemia and a white blood cell count of 422.2
      k/microliter as well as a 2 1/2-year-old with an admission diagnosis of acute
      promyelocytic leukemia and a white blood cell count of 617.4 k/microliter,
      underwent manual exchange hemotherapy for acute cytoreduction. The procedures
      were tolerated well, and significant leukocyte removal was achieved, with the
      respective leukocyte reductions being 81.1 and 68.7%. The techniques available
      for pediatric cytoreduction are compared, with emphasis on their efficiency and
      safety and appropriateness for very small children.

PMID- 3862937
TI  - Leukemic iris infiltration as the only site of relapse in a child with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia: temporary remission with high-dose chemotherapy.
AB  - A 12-year-old Caucasian boy developed leukemic hyphema with iris infiltration as
      the only relapse site during the third complete remission of his acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia. With high-dose methotrexate, high-dose cytosine
      arabinoside plus teniposide, and a 5-week course of vincristine, prednisolone,
      and L-asparaginase, a complete remission could be achieved. Maintenance treatment
      was reinstituted for 1 year. However, after stopping the treatment, the iris
      infiltrate reappeared, and this time the eye was irradiated after
      chemotherapeutic reinduction. Seven months later, the boy remains in complete
      remission. The pathogenesis of leukemic iris infiltration is discussed briefly.

PMID- 3862938
TI  - Infantile lymphoblastic leukemia with t(4;11) and septate uterus, double cervix,
      and double vagina: case report and review of the literature.
AB  - Translocation between chromosomes 4 and 11 has been associated with an aggressive
      subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. To date, 32 cases have been reported, 12
      of which have been in infants. We report the 13th infantile case and the first
      associated with a somatic abnormality (septate uterus with double cervix and
      double vagina).

PMID- 3862939
TI  - [Prolymphocytic leukemia. Case report].

PMID- 3862940
TI  - [Methods of administering fluoride products. A clinico-statistical study].

PMID- 3862941
TI  - [Acute infectious endocarditis secondary to dental pathology: a problem of
      prevention].

PMID- 3862942
TI  - [Diabetes: a daily problem in dental practice].

PMID- 3862943
TI  - [Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. A propos a clinical case].

PMID- 3862944
TI  - [Medico-pharmacological treatment of inflammatory processes of the jaw bones and
      perimaxillary tissues in pregnant women].

PMID- 3862945
TI  - [Primary complex of the oral cavity. A clinical case].

PMID- 3862946
TI  - [Clinico-statistical observations of 2440 cases of tooth extraction].

PMID- 3862947
TI  - [Clinical case of craniometaphyseal dysplasia].

PMID- 3862948
TI  - [Epidemiology of dental caries and periodontal disease in a group of mountain
      dwellers in Trentino-Alto Adige].

PMID- 3862949
TI  - [Giant-cell neoplasms].

PMID- 3862950
TI  - [Glass ionomer cements: clinical and esthetic evaluation].

PMID- 3862951
TI  - [Clinical use of fosfomycin in bacterial infections of the oral cavity in
      childhood].

PMID- 3862952
TI  - [Method for splinting].

PMID- 3862953
TI  - Prevention of bacterial endocarditis: an update.

PMID- 3862954
TI  - Ra5G, a homologue of Ra5 in giant ragweed pollen: isolation, HLA-DR-associated
      activity and amino acid sequence.
AB  - Recent studies [Marsh et al. (1982) J. exp. Med. 155, 1439-1451; Coulter (1983)
      M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Coulter et al. (1983) in
      Genetic and Environmental Factors in Clinical Allergy (Edited by Marsh D.G.,
      Blumenthal M.N. and Santilli J., Jr), University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis,
      MN] have shown a highly significant association between HLA-Dw2/DR2 and host
      sensitivity to the 5000-D, 4-disulfide bonded protein Ra5S of short ragweed
      pollen. To extend these findings, we isolated Ra5G, an Ra5S-like protein, from
      giant ragweed pollen by gel and ion-exchange chromatography. The protein was
      homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (pH 4.3), reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography, and antigenic assays. Its mol. wt and amino
      acid composition (including 8 half-cystine residues) were closely similar to
      Ra5S, but the two proteins had little or no antigenic or allergenic cross
      reactivity. In a study of 200 ragweed-sensitive individuals, host sensitivity
      simultaneously to Ra5G and Ra5S was significantly associated with the DR2 allele.
      The amino acid sequence of Ra5G was determined and showed close homology with
      Ra5S. The potential function of a highly homologous decapeptidyl sequence stretch
      is discussed in relation to Ir gene control of immune response to the 2 proteins.

PMID- 3862955
TI  - [Causes and natural course of obesity in man].

PMID- 3862956
TI  - [Obesity. Phenogenesis: indications, goals and methods of therapy].

PMID- 3862957
TI  - [Acute abdomen in leukemias in childhood].
AB  - During the last years the treatment of acute leukemia became more successful
      thanks to aggressive chemotherapeutic regimen. There are nowadays about 70% long
      term survivors in the literature. On the other hand, complications and infection
      rate following such an aggressive treatment increased. We found in our patients
      an accumulation of acute abdominal complaints, mostly due to an acute
      appendicitis. Eight patients had to undergo appendectomy. We tried to answer the
      question whether there is a correlation between complications and the intensity
      of chemotherapy. The indication for operation was always proven to be correct,
      and no patient was lost in the postoperative course.

PMID- 3862958
TI  - [A diagnostic study on variations in gingival color].

PMID- 3862959
TI  - [Relation between the position changes of the cusp tips and the reduction of the
      distolingual cusps in the upper molars].

PMID- 3862960
TI  - [Application of fuzzy logic in diagnostic processes for the propriety of tooth
      conservation].

PMID- 3862961
TI  - [Use of the blade mechanism for oral reconstruction].

PMID- 3862962
TI  - [How well do you understand laboratory data? A case of anemia presenting with a
      "central bar"].

PMID- 3862963
TI  - [Oral cytology. Carcinoma of the maxillary sinus].

PMID- 3862964
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy observations of gallstones].

PMID- 3862965
TI  - [Absorption and penetration of antibiotics in relation to their structure and
      pharmacokinetics].

PMID- 3862966
TI  - [Effect of a deproteinized calf blood extract on experimental periapical
      lesions].

PMID- 3862967
TI  - Targeting in mammalian cells.

PMID- 3862968
TI  - Genetic engineering. Restrictions on industry eased.

PMID- 3862970
TI  - [AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)].

PMID- 3862969
TI  - A model for intracellular translocation of protein kinase C involving synergism
      between Ca2+ and phorbol esters.
AB  - The activation of protein kinase C by diacylglycerol and by tumour promoters has
      implicated this enzyme in transmembrane signalling and in the regulation of the
      cell cycle. In vitro studies revealed that catalytic activity requires the
      presence of calcium and phospholipids with a preference for phosphatidylserine.
      Diacylglycerol and tumour promoters such as phorbol esters bind to the enzyme,
      leading to its activation while sharply increasing its affinity for Ca2+ and
      phospholipid. Addition of diacylglycerol analogues or phorbol esters to intact
      cells results in the phosphorylation of specific polypeptides. Several cellular
      processes, including hormone and neurotransmitter release and receptor down
      regulation, are modulated by the activation of protein kinase C, while phorbol
      ester-induced stimulation of the enzyme in whole cells has been associated with
      its translocation from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. Moreover, the use of
      Ca2+ ionophores has revealed an apparent synergism between Ca2+ mobilization and
      protein kinase C activation. This synergism has recently also been found to apply
      to receptor down-regulation (ref. 23 and accompanying paper). Here we describe a
      reconstitution system in which intracellular translocation of protein kinase C
      and the synergism between Ca2+ and enzyme activators can be studied. The results
      suggest a rationale for concomitant Ca2+ mobilization and diacylglycerol
      formation in response to some hormones, neurotransmitters and growth factors.

PMID- 3862971
TI  - [Structure and growth of the cartilage of the temporomandibular joint].

PMID- 3862972
TI  - [The elderly on tooth loss].

PMID- 3862973
TI  - [An oral health study. IV. Analysis of a proposal for the improvement of an oral
      health index].

PMID- 3862974
TI  - [Course counseling as a part of a personalized study system: the tutor].

PMID- 3862975
TI  - [New attachment, wishful thinking by the periodontist?].

PMID- 3862976
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of a patient with dysfunction of the temporomandibular
      joint and masticatory muscles].

PMID- 3862977
TI  - [Information on dental topics in the Dutch press, 1973-1983].

PMID- 3862978
TI  - [The working preventive dentist: is he still a "ghost-rider" according to present
      day conceptions?].

PMID- 3862979
TI  - [Oral health study. V. Social desirability and answers to a survey in a dental
      health study among 15 year-old children].

PMID- 3862981
TI  - The world cigarette pandemic. Part II.

PMID- 3862980
TI  - [Inter-examiner-agreement in judging the preclinical work of students].

PMID- 3862982
TI  - If smoking killed baby seals....

PMID- 3862983
TI  - Competing agenda in smoking control agencies. "Those who pay the piper ...".

PMID- 3862984
TI  - A smoke-free society by the year 2000.

PMID- 3862985
TI  - A disease model of cigarette use.

PMID- 3862986
TI  - The underemphasis on smoking in medical education.

PMID- 3862987
TI  - An insurance company perspective on smoking.

PMID- 3862988
TI  - Changes in overwrap and butt length of American filter cigarettes. An influence
      on reported tar yields.

PMID- 3862989
TI  - The "less hazardous" cigarette: a deadly delusion.

PMID- 3862990
TI  - Getting women hooked: defending the indefensible. Interview by Bobbi Jacobson.

PMID- 3862991
TI  - Superman and the Malboro woman. The lungs of Lois Lane.

PMID- 3862993
TI  - Smoking and the military.

PMID- 3862992
TI  - Cigarette smoking and ill health among black Americans.

PMID- 3862995
TI  - Obstacles to the prevention of teenage smoking. Interview by Alan Blum.

PMID- 3862994
TI  - Helping youth decide: "when the fox preaches, beware the geese".

PMID- 3862996
TI  - The comprehensive Smoking Education Act.

PMID- 3862997
TI  - New Jersey's hard-fought battle for clean indoor air legislation. An insider's
      view.

PMID- 3862998
TI  - Proposition P: anatomy of a nonsmokers' rights ordinance.

PMID- 3862999
TI  - Local values versus tobacco industry power. The experience of GASP of
      Massachusetts.

PMID- 3863000
TI  - An assessment of the effectiveness of nicotine chewing gum: unfulfilled
      expectations.

PMID- 3863001
TI  - An indoor air quality standard for ambient tobacco smoke based on carcinogenic
      risk.

PMID- 3863002
TI  - A pilot's guide to cabin air quality and fire safety.

PMID- 3863003
TI  - Endobronchial foreign body (cigarette filter tip) with inflammatory pseudotumor
      of the lung. A "true" xanthogranuloma.

PMID- 3863004
TI  - The clinician and smoking in Great Britain.

PMID- 3863005
TI  - Physicians, smoking, and health in the Netherlands.

PMID- 3863006
TI  - Economic dependence on tobacco manufacturing in Northern Ireland. An obstacle to
      prevention.

PMID- 3863007
TI  - Slow but steady progress against smoking in Ireland.

PMID- 3863008
TI  - An attempt to circumvent the ban on cigarette advertising in Norway.

PMID- 3863009
TI  - Innovation in Iceland: graphic health warnings on tobacco products.

PMID- 3863010
TI  - Smoking in France: a dismal picture.

PMID- 3863011
TI  - Smoking and its promotion in Greece. A 20th century Trojan horse.

PMID- 3863012
TI  - Smoking and health in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.

PMID- 3863014
TI  - Cigarette smoking in Papua New Guinea. A model for keeping a people down.

PMID- 3863013
TI  - Israel: gaining momentum against smoking and cigarette advertising.

PMID- 3863015
TI  - Ending the social acceptability of smoking and tobacco advertising in New
      Zealand.

PMID- 3863016
TI  - Japan: land of the rise in lung cancer. US government aids cigarette sales.

PMID- 3863017
TI  - Has breast self-examination had a fair trial?

PMID- 3863019
TI  - Breast self-examination--a practice whose time has come?

PMID- 3863018
TI  - The current status of research in breast self-examination.

PMID- 3863020
TI  - Spontaneous dissection of the right coronary artery.

PMID- 3863021
TI  - Scalds of the lap.

PMID- 3863022
TI  - Repair of inguinal hernia with Marlex mesh.

PMID- 3863023
TI  - A 77-year-old woman with giant-cell arteritis, back pain, and shock.

PMID- 3863024
TI  - Suppurative pneumococcal inguinal adenitis.

PMID- 3863025
TI  - Pseudoinfarction pattern associated with myocardial bridging of the left anterior
      descending artery.

PMID- 3863026
TI  - Uterine tumor due to placenta increta.

PMID- 3863027
TI  - Cardiac siderosis in thalassemia major.

PMID- 3863029
TI  - Effect of oral penbutolol on renal haemodynamics of hypertensive patients with
      renal insufficiency.
AB  - Acute or chronic administration of most beta-adrenoreceptor blocking drugs is
      associated with a fall in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. In
      patients with renal insufficiency this effect on renal function may be clinically
      important. Penbutolol is a non-cardioselective, pure laevo, beta-blocker with
      intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Previous studies have suggested that
      penbutolol may increase the glomerular filtration rate. In this study eight
      hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency were studied during a three-week
      placebo period and then for four weeks while taking penbutolol in a dose of 40 or
      80 mg daily. Penbutolol produced a fall in the pulse rate in all eight patients.
      Five of the eight patients had a fall in their supine and standing blood
      pressure. Effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate did not
      change significantly. In seven of the eight patients there was a fall in the
      calculated renal vascular resistance but the mean fall did not reach statistical
      significance. Penbutolol appears to be an effective beta-blocker and one that
      could be used appropriately in patients with renal insufficiency.

PMID- 3863030
TI  - The nuclear stethoscope.
AB  - Eighty consecutive patients undergoing radionuclide gamma camera studies for the
      measurement of ejection fraction were also examined with the nuclear stethoscope.
      Overall, the correlation coefficient relating these two techniques was acceptable
      (r = 0.85). However, two groups were identified: patients with symmetrical wall
      motion had an excellent correlation (r = 0.90) while patients with regional wall
      motion abnormalities had a poor correlation (r = 0.78). In conclusion, the
      nuclear stethoscope is a clinically useful device for monitoring left ventricular
      function in patients with symmetrical wall motion.

PMID- 3863028
TI  - Asymptomatic perforation of the small intestine by a copper-7 intrauterine
      device.

PMID- 3863031
TI  - Acute renal failure secondary to non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis following amoxapine
      overdose.
AB  - A case is reported of amoxapine overdose followed by acute rhabdomyolysis and
      myoglobinuric acute renal failure. There was disseminated intravascular
      coagulation and later hypercalcaemia. The patient recovered.

PMID- 3863032
TI  - Treatment of myocardial infarction by early lysis of intracoronary thrombi.

PMID- 3863033
TI  - The economic costs to New Zealand of lost production due to alcohol abuse.
AB  - This paper estimates the economic cost of lost production in New Zealand due to
      the abuse of alcohol. Four categories of lost production are examined including
      excess unemployment amongst abusers, decreased efficiency of abusers in the
      workforce, temporary withdrawal from the work force due to alcohol induced
      illness or accident, and permanent withdrawal from the work force due to the
      premature death of abusers. Assuming full employment, a 4.3% prevalence rate of
      alcohol abuse, and a 3 : 1 ratio of male to female abusers, the study presents
      estimates of costs for a range of possible abuser employment levels. The findings
      indicate that the cost of lost production due to alcohol abuse was between $582
      million and $770 million for the 1981/82 financial year. This was equivalent to
      between 2% and 2.3% of GNP for that year.

PMID- 3863034
TI  - Colorectal cancer in Auckland 1981-1982: patients with liver metastases.
AB  - In a population-based study of 402 cases of colorectal cancer in Auckland, 72
      patients (18%) demonstrated liver metastases either at presentation or at initial
      surgery. The findings of pre-operative weight loss, hepatomegaly and elevated
      alkaline phosphatase were significantly associated with heptic metastases.
      Individually these factors were insensitive indicators of the presence of liver
      metastases. Two or more of these risk factors were demonstrated by 54% of the
      patients with liver secondaries compared to 19% in the series without liver
      metastases. Continuing surveillance of the latter group of patients will show
      whether they are also at risk of developing liver secondaries. The median
      survival for the 69 patients who were diagnosed before death was 6.0 months. When
      the primary lesion was resected and the patient survived the post-operative
      period the median survival was 11.0 months.

PMID- 3863035
TI  - The public's perception of psychiatrists: a telephone survey.
AB  - A random telephone survey in the Christchurch toll free area showed: The public
      generally lacks knowledge about psychiatrists particularly the 60+ age group in
      their knowledge of whether or not psychiatrists are medical doctors, where they
      work and what treatments they use; he public's most common association with where
      psychiatrists work in Christchurch is Sunnyside Hospital, the local public
      psychiatric hospital and with talking/psychotherapy as a form of treatment they
      use; and (3) although psychiatrists are perceived negatively compared with family
      doctors, dentists and lawyers and although people seem reluctant to say a
      psychiatrist could help them if they had personal problems, nearly half the
      sample thought there were not enough psychiatrists in New Zealand.

PMID- 3863036
TI  - Child abuse: mandatory reporting.

PMID- 3863037
TI  - Vitamin C and cancer.

PMID- 3863038
TI  - Repetitive strain injury.

PMID- 3863039
TI  - Repetitive strain injury, or incipient skeletal fluorosis?

PMID- 3863040
TI  - Eating attitudes.

PMID- 3863041
TI  - Ketotifen and asthma.

PMID- 3863042
TI  - Plasma manganese in an adult Auckland population group.

PMID- 3863043
TI  - Postviral bronchitis and asthma.

PMID- 3863044
TI  - The New Health Revolution.

PMID- 3863045
TI  - Potential antidote for Rompun (xylazine) in humans.

PMID- 3863046
TI  - Abortion and medical discipline.

PMID- 3863047
TI  - Sterilisation of babies' bottles.

PMID- 3863048
TI  - The curious case of abortion.

PMID- 3863049
TI  - Toxocaral infection in hydatid control officers: diagnosis by enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Toxocara canis larva excretory/secretory
      antigen has been set up in Christchurch. Employing this test, elevated specific
      antibody levels for toxocara larvae were found in 3.3% (3/90) of urban adult
      blood donors and 4.4% (4/90) of secondary school students. In comparison,
      elevated levels were present in 25.6% (23/90) of New Zealand hydatid control
      officers. It can be concluded from the present study that the higher risk of
      toxocariasis experienced by hydatid officers is reflected in elevated specific
      antibody titres in a significant proportion of individuals when compared with
      controls.

PMID- 3863050
TI  - Hyponatraemic-hypertensive syndrome due to unilateral renal ischaemia in women
      who smoke heavily.
AB  - The hyponatraemic-hypertensive syndrome due to renal ischaemia is presumed to be
      uncommon. We describe four patients who presented with this syndrome over a
      period of 21 months. All were women who smoked heavily and had unilateral
      atherosclerotic renal ischaemia. Hypokalaemia was present in each patient, and in
      one case resulted in recurrent ventricular tachycardia. All had noted thirst,
      polyuria, and weight loss. Initiation of treatment with a converting-enzyme
      inhibitor reduced arterial pressure precipitously in two patients. Removal of the
      ischaemic kidney, or chronic therapy with a converting-enzyme inhibitor reversed
      the biochemical abnormalities and the presenting symptoms, and lowered arterial
      pressure. Detailed studies in two patients before and after treatment confirmed
      the central role of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of the
      hyponatraemic-hypertensive syndrome.

PMID- 3863051
TI  - The accident and emergency department.

PMID- 3863052
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnoea in Auckland: diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - In 1982 facilities for investigation of patients with sleep disorders were
      established at Auckland Hospital on a trial basis. Twenty patients with the
      obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome had been investigated and treated by the end of
      1983. All were advised to avoid alcohol and sedatives and the obese patients were
      encouraged to lose weight. In the more severely affected patients either nasal
      continuous positive airway pressure or tracheostomy was used. The method of
      diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3863053
TI  - Psychological aspects of female sterilisation--assessment of subsequent regret.
AB  - In order to study subsequent regret as a complication of female sterilisation,
      hospital records of women requesting reversal of their sterilisation were
      compared with women who had not requested a reversal. Regret was more likely in
      women sterilised at a younger age, but was not associated with lower parity.
      Women requesting reversal were interviewed to determine the psychosocial factors
      likely to produce later regret. The clinical implications are discussed.

PMID- 3863054
TI  - On the border of Afghanistan with the International Committee of the Red Cross.

PMID- 3863055
TI  - Perinatal mortality in Southland: an ongoing review.
AB  - A review of Southland's perinatal mortality was undertaken from 1978 to 1983 and
      included 124 deaths with a postmortem rate of 90%. The perinatal mortality rate
      has continued to fall during this period, and has more than halved since 1971.
      Prematurity remains the single most important factor, and there are still a large
      number of avoidable deaths. Eighty percent of confinements are attended solely by
      general practitioner obstetricians.

PMID- 3863056
TI  - Cytology, colposcopy and cervical neoplasia.
AB  - There have been suggestions that the failure to reduce the incidence of cervical
      carcinoma in New Zealand is due to a failure to take cervical smears from women
      at risk, and to appropriately manage those with abnormal smears. Review of data
      collected from a clinic in Christchurch over a four-year interval found that the
      majority of those with invasive cancer had never had a smear taken, or had not
      had smears taken frequently enough. There was evidence that cytology does not
      always correlate with definitive histology, and that patients with abnormal
      smears sometimes experienced lengthy delays before being referred for management.
      Comments are made on who should have smears, how often, and how women with
      abnormal smears should be managed.

PMID- 3863058
TI  - Large bowel cancer.

PMID- 3863059
TI  - General practice--the writing on the wall.

PMID- 3863057
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases. From the Department of Health.

PMID- 3863061
TI  - Acupuncture.

PMID- 3863060
TI  - The function of the emotions: some thoughts.

PMID- 3863062
TI  - Asthma mortality and socioeconomic status.

PMID- 3863063
TI  - Homosexual law reform.

PMID- 3863064
TI  - AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3863065
TI  - AIDS--the end of permissive society?

PMID- 3863066
TI  - Discharge planning using an ADL rating scale, 1982-83: activities of daily
      living.

PMID- 3863067
TI  - Nurses' feelings about working with the dying.

PMID- 3863068
TI  - Terminal care of a patient suffering from head and neck cancer.

PMID- 3863069
TI  - Paramolars: a case report.

PMID- 3863070
TI  - Investor owned arrangements--some considerations for dentistry.

PMID- 3863071
TI  - Public health education and the dentist.

PMID- 3863072
TI  - Community- and school-based caries preventive programs. Participation of New York
      State children.

PMID- 3863073
TI  - Sources and losses of New York State dentists.

PMID- 3863074
TI  - Lipoma in the cheek of a child.

PMID- 3863075
TI  - A concept of esthetics.

PMID- 3863076
TI  - A technical advance in esthetic dentistry.

PMID- 3863077
TI  - The role of the cosmetic dentist.

PMID- 3863078
TI  - Communicating esthetics.

PMID- 3863079
TI  - Invisible lingual orthodontic appliances.

PMID- 3863080
TI  - Micro information disc.

PMID- 3863082
TI  - Does joining a preferred provider plan bring new dental patients?

PMID- 3863081
TI  - The Pankey philosophy. One purpose of the Pankey philosophy is happiness.

PMID- 3863083
TI  - [A case of plasma cell leukemia. Clinical and cytogenetic observations].

PMID- 3863084
TI  - Hemorrhagic varicella.

PMID- 3863085
TI  - [Fates of children with many-year remission in lymphatic system neoplasms. Follow
      up from 6 to 15 years].

PMID- 3863087
TI  - Bulimia in adolescents: a review.
AB  - This report reviews the occurrence of bulimia in female adolescents, a relatively
      common disorder. Features contributing to its occurrence in adolescents and
      treatment modalities are highlighted. A high degree of suspicion is needed to
      make the diagnosis and further work is required to clarify the unique aspects of
      this disorder in adolescents.

PMID- 3863086
TI  - Epidemiology of herpes zoster in children and adolescents: a population-based
      study.
AB  - Medical records were reviewed for all 173 cases of herpes zoster diagnosed among
      residents of Rochester, Minnesota, less than 20 years of age during the period
      1960 through 1981. The incidence of zoster increased with age from 20 cases per
      100,000 person-years in those residents less than five years of age to 63 cases
      per 100,000 person-years in those aged 15 to 19. Morbidity was less than has been
      described in adults, as only two patients required hospitalization and no
      postherpetic neuralgia or other late complications were diagnosed. The single
      case of subsequent cancer found in 1,288 person-years of follow-up was not
      significantly different from the number expected based on cancer incidence in the
      general Rochester population. The incidence of childhood zoster in patients with
      acute lymphocytic leukemia was 122 times higher than in children without an
      underlying malignancy. Chickenpox in the first year of life was found to be a
      risk factor for childhood zoster, with a relative risk between 2.8 and 20.9.
      Neither chickenpox in the second year of life nor recent vaccinations were found
      to be risk factors for childhood zoster.

PMID- 3863088
TI  - [Translocation 8:21 in acute myeloblastic leukemia in children].

PMID- 3863089
TI  - [Characteristics and treatment of testicular lesions in acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia in children].

PMID- 3863090
TI  - [What are dental assistants and hygienists allowed to do?].

PMID- 3863091
TI  - [Significance of the saliva in the prevention of caries].

PMID- 3863092
TI  - [Significance of the saliva in the prevention of caries].

PMID- 3863093
TI  - [Prosthetic care of patients with cleft lip, cleft jaw, cleft palate with the
      Linkow blade implant].

PMID- 3863094
TI  - [Scintigraphic appearances of Gaucher's disease].

PMID- 3863095
TI  - Computers in the dental office: a Minnesota survey.

PMID- 3863096
TI  - Group C streptococcal arthritis and osteomyelitis in an adolescent with a
      hereditary sensory neuropathy.

PMID- 3863097
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of elimination of 6-mercaptopurine in the urine of children with
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP)-induced sodium azide--iodine reaction was adapted for
      determination of 6-MP in urine of four children treated with single oral doses of
      the drug in tablets. Open one-compartment body model was assumed, and first-order
      elimination rate constants (K) and biological half-life times (t0,5) were
      calculated, and their precision was determined by statistical treatment.

PMID- 3863098
TI  - Influence of prostaglandin E2 on myoelectrical activity of the uterus and vagina
      in the domestic hen.
AB  - In conscious hens, the effect of intra-aortic infusion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)
      on myoelectrical activity of the uterus, utero-vaginal junction (UVJ), vagina,
      duodenum, and on heart rate was studied. Infusion of .3 micrograms
      PGE2/animal/min resulted in no significant changes in oviduct activity, whereas 3
      micrograms/animal/min induced a significant decrease in vaginal activity but had
      no significant effect on activity of the uterus and UVJ. Infusion of both doses
      provoked a decrease in duodenal activity (P less than .05) and an increase in
      heart rate (P less than .05).

PMID- 3863099
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin E2 and dental plaque on bone collagen and hyaluronic
      acid synthesis.

PMID- 3863100
TI  - Structure of canine pulmonary surfactant apoprotein: cDNA and complete amino acid
      sequence.
AB  - The apoproteins of pulmonary surfactant (PSAP) are thought to be critical for
      normal surfactant function. They bind to surfactant phospholipids and enhance
      their ability to form surface films in vitro. These acidic glycoproteins have
      monomeric molecular weights of 36,000, 32,000, and 28,000 (PSAP-36, -32, and 
      28). Each member of this family of proteins has a similar amino acid composition
      and their differences in electrophoretic mobility are due in part to
      glycosylation. We have derived the full amino acid sequence of PSAP-32 from the
      nucleotide sequence of PSAP cDNA. A cDNA library was prepared from canine lung
      poly(A)+ RNA and screened with oligonucleotide probes that were based on the NH2
      terminal amino acids of PSAP-32 determined by Edman degradation. This protein has
      the striking feature of collagen-like and non-collagen-like sequences in the same
      polypeptide chain. There are 24 Gly-Xaa-Yaa triplets, where Yaa is often
      hydroxyproline. These repeats comprise one-third of PSAP near the NH2 terminus.
      The remaining two-thirds of PSAP is resistant to bacterial collagenase digestion
      and contains a possible N-glycosylation site near the carboxyl terminus. The NH2
      terminal one-third of PSAP-32 probably contains the cysteine involved in
      interchain disulfide bonds.

PMID- 3863101
TI  - Replication of phage phi 29 DNA with purified terminal protein and DNA
      polymerase: synthesis of full-length phi 29 DNA.
AB  - A system that replicates bacteriophage phi 29 DNA with protein p3 covalently
      attached to the two 5' ends, using as the only proteins the phi 29 DNA polymerase
      and the terminal protein, is described. Restriction analysis of the 32P-labeled
      DNA synthesized in vitro showed that all phi 29 DNA fragments were labeled.
      Analysis by alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation of the DNA labeled during a
      10-min pulse showed that, after a 20-min chase, about half of the DNA molecules
      had reached apparently full-length phi 29 DNA (approximately equal to 18,000
      nucleotides). Ammonium ions strongly stimulated phi 29 DNA-protein p3
      replication, the effect being due to stimulation of the initiation reaction. ATP
      was not required for phi 29 DNA-protein p3 replication, either in the initiation
      or elongation steps. The results show that the phi 29 DNA polymerase functions,
      not only in the formation of the p3-dAMP covalent initiation complex but also in
      the elongation of the latter, as the only DNA polymerase to produce full-length
      phi 29 DNA.

PMID- 3863103
TI  - Crystallographic structure of an active, sequence-engineered ribonuclease.
AB  - X-ray diffraction methods were used to test a synthetic-modeling approach to the
      sequence engineering of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease. A model of RNase S
      peptide (residues 1-20), having a simplified amino acid sequence but retaining
      elements deduced to be essential for conformation and function, was previously
      synthesized and found to form a catalytically active and stable complex with
      native S-protein (residues 21-24). We have now obtained a 3-A-resolution electron
      density map of this semisynthetic complex which reveals that the conformation of
      model peptide closely mimics that of native S-peptide, as intended by sequence
      design. Some small differences from the native structure are observed: Glu-2 and
      Arg-10 of the model complex are not close enough to form a salt bridge, the
      position of the His-12 imidazole ring is slightly shifted in the active site, and
      the peptide's amino terminus is reoriented. Nonetheless, the major structural
      features predicted to be essential by computer-aided peptide-design analysis are
      preserved in the model peptide portion of the complex. These include (i) the
      alpha-helical framework involving residues 3-13, (ii) the catalytically competent
      orientation of His-12, and (iii) complex-stabilizing non-bonding interactions
      involving Phe-8 and Met-13 of S-peptide and hydrophobic residues in the cleft
      region of S-protein. Further, sequence simplification has not introduced any non
      native, potentially stabilizing contacts between the model peptide and S-protein.
      The results emphasize the usefulness, in redesigning native proteins, of
      categorizing sequence into residues providing conformational framework and those
      determining intra-and intermolecular surface recognition.

PMID- 3863102
TI  - Activation of retinoic acid by coenzyme A for the formation of ethyl retinoate.
AB  - All-trans-retinoic acid is metabolized to a less polar metabolite in rat liver
      microsomes. This metabolite was proven to be ethyl retinoate by cochromatography
      on high-performance liquid chromatography, base hydrolysis to all-trans-retinoic
      acid, and gas chromatography/mass spectral analysis. The formation of ethyl
      retinoate is a specific enzymatic process; the apparent Km for all-trans-retinoic
      acid is 9.8 microM. The production of ethyl retinoate is greatly stimulated by
      the addition of coenzyme A, suggesting the formation of a retinoic acid-coenzyme
      A intermediate (retinoyl-coenzyme A).

PMID- 3863104
TI  - Inhibition of chymotrypsin by heparin cofactor II.
AB  - Human heparin cofactor II is a plasma protein that is known to inhibit thrombin.
      The rate of thrombin inhibition by heparin cofactor II is accelerated (greater
      than or equal to 1000-fold) in the presence of the glycosaminoglycans, heparin
      and dermatan sulfate. We have found that chymotrypsin A alpha is also inhibited
      by heparin cofactor II with a second-order rate constant value of 1.8 X 10(6) M-1
      X min-1 at pH 8.0 and 25 degrees C. However, there was no measurable effect of
      heparin or dermatan sulfate on the rate of chymotrypsin inhibition. Arginine
      modified heparin cofactor II showed a comparable percentage loss of both
      antichymotrypsin and antithrombin activities. Heparin cofactor II and
      chymotrypsin formed a stable complex with a Mr value near 90,000 when analyzed by
      NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; this suggests a 1:1 reaction
      stoichiometry. The chymotrypsin cleavage site in heparin cofactor II was the same
      as that for thrombin, and primary structure analysis of the inhibitor showed a
      P'1-P'8 sequence of Ser-Thr-Gln-Val-Arg-Phe-Thr-Val ... . The results indicate
      that, in contrast to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, which does not inhibit trypsin
      like enzymes, including thrombin, heparin cofactor II can effectively inhibit
      both thrombin and chymotrypsin.

PMID- 3863105
TI  - Site-specific cleavage of left-handed DNA in pBR322 by lambda
      tris(diphenylphenanthroline)cobalt(III).
AB  - The chiral complex tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)cobalt(III), lambda
      Co(DiP)3(3+), binds to and, with photoactivation, cleaves left-handed DNA
      helices, thereby providing a unique molecular probe for local DNA conformation.
      We have mapped the specific left-handed sites where lambda-Co(DiP)3(3+) cleaves
      in the plasmids pBR322 and pLP32, which is the derivative of pBR322 containing a
      Z-form d(C-G)16 insert. For pLP32, a primary cleavage is at the insert; for
      native pBR322, cleavage occurs at four discrete sites: 1.45, 2.3, 3.3, and 4.2
      kilobase pairs. These sites correspond to segments of alternating purine
      pyrimidines. Moreover, these positions map to the ends of the three distinct
      coding regions in pBR322: the tetracycline-resistance gene, the origin of
      replication, and either end of the ampicillin-resistance (beta-lactamase) gene.
      The locations of these left-handed segments suggest to us that Z-DNA might serve
      as a conformational punctuation mark to demarcate the ends of genes.

PMID- 3863106
TI  - Sequence of a second human asialoglycoprotein receptor: conservation of two
      receptor genes during evolution.
AB  - The asialoglycoprotein (ASGP) receptor isolated from human liver and from the
      human hepatoma cell line HepG2 migrates on NaDodSO4 gel electrophoresis as a
      single species of 45,000 daltons. Recently, we isolated a cDNA clone encoding
      this receptor (H1) from a HepG2 lambda gt11 library. From the same library, we
      have isolated and sequenced a clone encoding a second ASGP receptor, H2, with a
      protein sequence homology of 58% to H1. There are two subspecies of H2 that
      differ only by the presence of a five-amino acid insertion in the COOH-terminal
      extracytoplasmic domain. Comparison with the available sequences of the two rat
      ASGP receptors R1 and R2 indicates that H1 is more homologous to R1 than to H2,
      and H2 is more similar to R2 than to H1. Thus, the two receptor genes evolved
      before the separation of rat and man. As judged by RNA blot hybridization of
      HepG2 RNA using RNA transcribed in vitro from cDNA clones of the human receptors
      as standards, H1 and H2 mRNA are present in equimolar amounts, each 0.005-0.01%
      of the total mRNA. This finding raises the question of whether the three ASGP
      receptor proteins are functional as heterodimers or whether they might serve
      different functions in the cell.

PMID- 3863107
TI  - Replication timing of the H4 histone genes in Physarum polycephalum.
AB  - The time of replication of the two H4 histone genes (H41 and H42) was determined
      during the naturally synchronous mitotic cycle of Physarum polycephalum. 5-Bromo
      2'-deoxyuridine labeling and density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate
      newly synthesized DNA from defined periods of S phase. The DNA was analyzed by
      Southern hybridization with a cloned probe containing one of the H4 histone genes
      of Physarum. The results indicate that the two H4 histone genes are replicated in
      the first 30 min of S phase but not exactly at the same time. H41 is replicated
      during the first 10 min of S phase, when only 15% of the genome is duplicated,
      whereas H42 replicates between 20 and 30 min after the onset of S phase. The
      possible relationship between the periodic expression of the genes and the timing
      of their replication is discussed.

PMID- 3863108
TI  - The structure of caltrin, the calcium-transport inhibitor of bovine seminal
      plasma.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the bovine seminal protein, caltrin, which inhibits
      calcium transport into spermatozoa, has been determined. The protein contains 47
      amino acid residues. Parts of the sequence are identical with that reported for
      bovine seminal plasmin, a protein possessing antibacterial activity. We believe
      the proteins are identical and that the previously reported sequence of seminal
      plasmin is in error.

PMID- 3863109
TI  - Primary structure of bovine pituitary basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and
      comparison with the amino-terminal sequence of bovine brain acidic FGF.
AB  - The two major mitogenic polypeptides for endothelial cells have been purified to
      homogeneity. The complete primary structure of bovine pituitary basic fibroblast
      growth factor (FGF) and the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of bovine brain
      acidic FGF have been established by gas-phase sequence analyses. Homogeneous
      preparations of these polypeptides are potent mitogens (basic FGF, ED50
      approximately equal to 60 pg/ml; acidic FGF ED50 approximately equal to 6000
      pg/ml) for many diverse cell types including capillary endothelial cells,
      vascular smooth muscle cells, and adrenocortical and granulosa cells; in vivo,
      basic FGF is a powerful angiogenic agent in the chick chorioallantoic membrane
      assay. The available protein sequence data demonstrate the existence of
      significant structural homology between the two polypeptides.

PMID- 3863110
TI  - Visualization of oriented hemoglobin S in individual erythrocytes by differential
      extinction of polarized light.
AB  - The distribution of oriented, polymerized sickle cell hemoglobin (hemoglobin S)
      in erythrocytes is visualized with a microscope that produces an image
      proportional to linear dichroism. Monochromatic light alternately polarized along
      two perpendicular directions is incident on the sample. The image is focused on a
      diode array, and the digital output is used to form two images. One is the usual
      image proportional to the average transmitted light intensity of the two incident
      polarizations of light; the other is a linear differential image proportional to
      the linear dichroism of the sample. This quantitative image can specifically
      reveal oriented hemoglobin molecules with a sensitivity of about 4000 oriented
      molecules per picture element of the image.

PMID- 3863111
TI  - Molecular packing and area compressibility of lipid bilayers.
AB  - Knowledge of the molecular packing of lipids and water in lipid bilayers is
      important for understanding bilayer mechanics and thermodynamics. Information on
      packing is most often obtained from x-ray or neutron diffraction measurements.
      Given the d spacing, composition, and partial specific volumes of the lipid and
      water, it is a simple matter to calculate the area per lipid molecule, bilayer
      thickness, and bilayer mass density. The partial specific volumes are commonly
      assumed to be those of bulk water and of lipid in excess water regardless of the
      degree of bilayer hydration. We present evidence here that these assumptions
      should be seriously questioned. At low hydrations, we find the head groups of egg
      and dioleoyl lecithin to be much less tightly packed than previously thought and
      the partial specific volume of water to be considerably smaller than 1 ml/g.
      Because the molecular packing affects the mechanical properties of bilayers, we
      use the results to reevaluate published experiments concerning the elastic area
      compressibility modulus of egg lecithin bilayers and the repulsive hydration
      force between bilayers.

PMID- 3863112
TI  - A molecular dynamics simulation of double-helical B-DNA including counterions and
      water.
AB  - We present the results of an atomic level molecular dynamical simulation of a 5
      base-pair fragment of double-helical DNA with inclusion of water and sodium
      counterions and a complete description of their electrostatic interactions. The
      shape of the double helix is preserved throughout the simulation, and the helix
      repeat is calculated to be 10.0, in reasonable agreement with experimental
      results. The most flexible conformational angles in the structure are the
      glycosidic angle and the sugar pucker.

PMID- 3863113
TI  - Repeating modular structure of the fibronectin gene: relationship to protein
      structure and subunit variation.
AB  - Analysis of the exon-intron structure of the rat fibronectin gene shows that
      exons correspond precisely with repeating structural units in the protein and
      that alternative use of some exons produces fibronectin subunits that differ by
      the presence or absence of certain structural modules. Secondary structure
      predictions suggest that the repeating structure of the protein is further
      subdivided into smaller structural units and that these also correspond with
      exons in the gene.

PMID- 3863114
TI  - Analyzing the components of microtubules: antibodies against chartins, associated
      proteins from cultured cells.
AB  - In previous work, we have identified cytoplasmic microtubule-associated proteins
      by isolating the microtubule organelles of several different cultured cells.
      Among those proteins are the chartins, a family of polypeptides with related
      sequence but of varying molecular weight and isoelectric point. Biochemical
      analyses of the distribution of the chartins in the cytoplasm, and among cells
      with different functions, suggest that they may regulate microtubule structure in
      vivo. We describe here the preparation and application of antibodies to chartins.
      These antibodies enable us to demonstrate that the chartins colocalize with
      assembled tubulin in the cytoplasm, as assessed by immunofluorescence, so that
      they fulfill a major criterion that has been applied to other putative
      microtubule components. The results also demonstrate that the tau proteins, which
      fractionate and copurify with chartins, are in fact clearly distinguishable from
      them. The implications of these results for evaluating microtubule composition
      are discussed.

PMID- 3863115
TI  - Growing Xenopus oocytes have spare translational capacity.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that exogenous mRNAs injected into full-grown (stage
      6) Xenopus oocytes are translated only at the expense of endogenous messages;
      translational capacity is limited. In this report, we demonstrate that injection
      of globin mRNA into small, stage 4 oocytes results in an increase in total
      protein synthesis without a concomitant decrease in the translation of endogenous
      mRNAs. The absence of competition with endogenous messages in stage 4 oocytes,
      injected with globin mRNA, compared with stage 6 oocytes, was not due to
      differential turnover of the injected mRNA. Hybridization of RNA from mRNA
      injected oocytes at both stages revealed that similar amounts of globin mRNA were
      present. These results are interpreted to mean that protein synthesis in growing
      oocytes is limited by the availability of mRNA and not components of the
      translational machinery. This conclusion, however, does not apply to all mRNA
      classes. The capacity of stage 4 oocytes to translate a mRNA (zein) on membrane
      bound polysomes is as restricted as reported previously for stage 6 oocytes. This
      result suggests that putative membrane binding sites or rough endoplasmic
      reticulum content are limited in oocytes at both stages. The possible role of
      association of injected mRNA with endogenous proteins that prevent translation is
      discussed.

PMID- 3863116
TI  - Ultraviolet light-induced crosslinking reveals a unique region of local tertiary
      structure in potato spindle tuber viroid and HeLa 5S RNA.
AB  - The positions of intramolecular crosslinks induced by irradiation with
      ultraviolet light were mapped into potato spindle tuber viroid RNA and HeLa 5S
      rRNA. Crosslinking in each of these molecules occurred at a single major site,
      which was located by RNA fingerprinting and secondary analysis (and additional
      primer extension studies in the case of the viroid). Various lines of evidence
      suggest that these crosslinks identify a previously undescribed element of local
      tertiary structure common to these two widely divergent RNA molecules: (i) both
      crosslinks occur in an identical eight-base context, with the sequence 5' GGGAA
      3' on one side and the sequence 5' UAC 3' on the other; (ii) both crosslinks
      connect bases that are not thought to be involved in conventional hydrogen
      bonding, within regions usually depicted as single-stranded loops flanked by
      short helical segments; and (iii) both crosslinks connect a purine and a
      pyrimidine residue, and both may generate the same G-U dimer. Furthermore, it is
      likely that the crosslinking site is of functional significance because it is
      located within the most highly conserved region of the viroid sequence and
      involves bases that are essentially invariant among eukaryotic 5S rRNA molecules.

PMID- 3863117
TI  - Distribution of initial and persistent 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced DNA adducts
      within DNA loops.
AB  - The intranuclear distribution of initial and persistent DNA adducts induced in
      vivo after four weekly injections of the hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene
      was examined in rat liver by using a protocol that fractionates chromatin from
      various regions of each of the multiple nuclear DNA loops. Ten hours after the
      initial dose, two acetylated [(N-acetyl-N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene
      and 3-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene] and one deacetylated [N
      (deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene] adduct were detected by a 32P-labeling
      assay and were found to have a random genomic distribution, as evident by their
      relative concentrations in various chromatin fractions. These data suggest that
      all regions of the DNA loops are equally susceptible to adduct formation. A
      nonrandom persistence of the deacetylated adduct in the regions where the DNA
      loops are constrained by the nuclear matrix was evident by 6 days after the last
      dose and was markedly apparent by 60 days. In contrast, all chromatin fractions
      had equally inefficient removal of the N2-acetylated adduct by 6 days as well as
      60 days but had complete removal of the C8-acetylated adduct. These findings
      suggest that pronounced regional differences in adduct repair along the DNA loops
      may play a role in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis.

PMID- 3863118
TI  - Dose-repetition increases the mutagenic effectiveness of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in
      mouse spermatogonia.
AB  - In order to maximize the mutagenic effectiveness of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in
      mouse stem-cell spermatogonia, advantage was taken of the fact that these cells
      can accumulate mutations from repeated doses given over relatively long time
      periods. Repeated doses (100 mg/kg) of ethylnitrosourea injected
      intraperitoneally into male mice at weekly intervals were found to allow adequate
      survival and fertility with total dosages of 300 and 400 mg/kg. The specific
      locus mutation frequencies at these dosages were, respectively, 1.8 and 2.2 times
      that obtained with the maximal practicable single dose of 250 mg/kg. The mutation
      frequency induced by a 400 mg/kg dosage of ethylnitrosourea is 12 times the
      maximal mutation frequency achievable with a single exposure to x-rays and 36
      times that reported for procarbazine, the most effective chemical mutagen
      previously known for mouse stem-cell spermatogonia. Ethylnitrosourea is already
      the mutagen of choice in deliberate attempts to create mouse models for human
      disease and in any experiments in which a maximal mutation rate is desired.
      Repeated-dose regimens similar to the ones reported here should increase the
      efficiency of such studies.

PMID- 3863119
TI  - Purification and characterization of a human tumor necrosis factor from the LuKII
      cell line.
AB  - A factor with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity produced by the LuKII human
      lymphoblastoid cell line [designated TNF(LuKII)] was purified sequentially by
      using controlled-pore glass, lentil lectin-Sepharose, and procion red agarose
      chromatography, yielding TNF with a specific activity of 1.5 X 10(7) units per mg
      of protein and an isoelectric point of approximately equal to 6.7. Purified
      TNF(LuKII) fractionated by NaDodSO4/PAGE under reducing as well as nonreducing
      conditions was found to contain seven protein bands of Mr 80,000, 70,000, 43,000,
      25,000, 23,000, 21,000, and 19,000. The proteins of Mr 80,000 and 70,000 could
      not be dissociated into lower molecular weight components. Peptide mapping
      analysis and immunoblotting analysis revealed that the seven protein bands in the
      purified TNF(LuKII) preparations are related. After fractionation of TNF(LuKII)
      by NaDodSO4/PAGE under reducing conditions, TNF activity was recovered from the
      regions of Mr 70,000 and 19,000-25,000. Purified human TNF(LuKII) (i) produces
      hemorrhagic necrosis of Meth A mouse sarcoma in the standard in vivo mouse TNF
      assay; (ii) has the same pattern of reactivity as mouse TNF
      (cytotoxic/cytostatic/no effect) on a panel of human cancer cell lines; and (iii)
      has its anticellular effect potentiated by interferon, also a feature of mouse
      TNF.

PMID- 3863120
TI  - Chloride uptake into cultured airway epithelial cells from cystic fibrosis
      patients and normal individuals.
AB  - The chloride permeability of airway and sweat ductal epithelium of cystic
      fibrosis (CF) patients is decreased. This abnormality could represent an
      intrinsic characteristic of the epithelial cell or the response to a tonic
      extrinsic stimulus, in vivo. We cultured airway epithelial cells derived from CF
      and non-CF individuals under identical conditions that were free from donor
      specific factors. Differences in the characteristics of cells that multiplied
      under these circumstances are unlikely to reflect the effects of extrinsic
      modulation present in the host. After 8-12 days in culture, the cells of CF and
      non-CF patients were similar in morphology and intracellular electrolyte content,
      but the CF cultures took up chloride at a reduced rate. The difference could not
      be attributed to a higher intracellular potential in CF cells or to the presence
      of a stilbene anion-sensitive chloride-chloride exchange in non-CF cells. We
      conclude that epithelial cells from CF patients grown in the absence of
      extracellular factors of the host express reduced cellular chloride permeability,
      a defect similar to that found in vivo and in freshly excised nasal epithelium.

PMID- 3863121
TI  - Adenine ribo- and deoxyribonucleotide metabolism in human erythrocytes, B- and T
      lymphocyte cell lines, and monocyte-macrophages.
AB  - Ordinarily packaged in DNA, adenine deoxyribonucleotides are preferentially
      concentrated in erythrocyte and lymphocyte cytosol in adenosine deaminase
      (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) deficiency. A spectrum of cytosol enzyme
      activities are defined in terms of reaction velocities, K0.5s, and nucleotide
      partition after incubation with ribo- and deoxyribonucleotides. AMP and dAMP were
      dephosphorylated, but only AMP was deaminated in vitro. Although nucleotidase
      activity is much stronger in lymphocytes, AMP deaminase was the dominant
      degradative reaction in all erythrocyte and lymphocyte lysates under the
      conditions specified. For most cytosolic enzymes, ribonucleotides were preferred
      cofactors, implying that dADP and dATP often may be bystanders at metabolic
      events. The adenylate kinase-mediated partition of approximately equimolar ribo-
      and deoxyribonucleotide substrates yielded a very large preponderance of AMP in
      the monophosphate compartment, the monophosphates alone being directly vulnerable
      to degradative loss. The adenylate kinase(s) of lymphocytes differed strikingly
      from those of erythrocytes in reaction velocities with nucleotide cofactors,
      K0.5s, and in susceptibility to substrate inhibition.

PMID- 3863123
TI  - Hardness, softness, and the fukui function in the electronic theory of metals and
      catalysis.
AB  - The concepts of hardness eta = (2E/N2)nu and fukui function f(r) = [rho (r)/N]nu,
      which have recently been associated with the theory of chemical reactivity in
      molecules, are extended to the theory of metals. It is shown that at T = 0, 1/eta
      = g(epsilon F) and f(r) = g(epsilon F, r)/g(epsilon F), where g(epsilon F), and
      g(epsilon F, r) are the density of states and the local density of states, at the
      Fermi energy epsilon F. Softness S and local softness s(r) are defined as 1/eta
      and Sf(r), respectively, and it is shown that (formula; see text) where the
      averages are over a grand canonical ensemble. It is pointed out that the
      postulate that f(r) or g(epsilon F, r) determines site selectivity for metals in
      chemisorption and catalysis is synonymous with the recent argument by Falicov and
      Somorjai [Falicov, L. M. & Somorjai, G. A. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82,
      2207-2211] that such selectivity is determined by low-energy density
      fluctuations.

PMID- 3863122
TI  - Calcium binding in pigmented and albino eyes.
AB  - The localization of calcium binding sites in eyes was determined
      autoradiographically after extracting endogenous Ca from tissue sections and
      replacing it with 45Ca. The strongest labeling was associated with pigmented
      tissues due to the high concentration of melanin, which was shown to bind Ca
      effectively and in a pH-dependent fashion. The second strongest binding was over
      the tapetum lucidum of the cat eye, and moderate labeling was associated with eye
      muscles and epithelium and endothelium of the cornea. The neural retina was
      generally more lightly labeled than the surrounding tissue of the eye; here the
      plexiform layers stood out in comparison to the nuclear layers, as did a band
      located internal to the photoreceptor outer segments. The possibility that the Ca
      buffering capacity of melanin may represent the common denominator for the
      various neurological defects found in hypopigmentation mutants is discussed.

PMID- 3863124
TI  - Identification of the catalytic subunit of brain adenylate cyclase: a calmodulin
      binding protein of 135 kDa.
AB  - The partial purification of the eukaryote adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate
      lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] catalytic subunit has been achieved by a procedure
      based on the calmodulin (CaM) sensitivity of the enzyme. Small amounts of rat
      brain synaptosomal membranes depleted of CaM were solubilized with Lubrol and
      subjected to a three-step chromatographic procedure involving gel filtration, a
      CaM-Sepharose affinity step, and fast protein liquid chromatography. About 20% of
      the adenylate cyclase activity contained in the membranes was recovered in the
      final enriched fraction with a specific activity of 200 nmol X mg-1 X min-1. The
      alpha subunits of the adenylate cyclase stimulatory proteins NS were absent from
      this final fraction. The addition of CaM, of forskolin, or of preactivated NS
      containing fractions to this preparation greatly increased the enzyme activity. A
      CaM-binding polypeptide of 135,000 Da copurified with the adenylate cyclase
      activity in each of the three steps. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the
      final fraction showed that this polypeptide represented 35% of the total protein.
      We propose that this polypeptide is likely to be the adenylate cyclase catalytic
      subunit. This enzyme would represent close to 0.5% of the synaptosomal membrane
      proteins. Its low turnover number would be due to the absence of the alpha
      subunits of the NS regulatory proteins and would correspond to the enzymic basal
      level.

PMID- 3863125
TI  - Argininosuccinate synthetase: essential role of cysteine and arginine residues in
      relation to structure and mechanism of ATP activation.
AB  - We have undertaken studies to identify amino acid residues that are involved in
      the catalytic mechanism of argininosuccinate synthetase [L-citrulline:L-aspartate
      ligase (AMP-forming), EC 6.3.4.5] and have found that a cysteine residue and an
      arginine residue are required for activity. The reactive cysteine residues are
      accessible to solvent and available to react with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic
      acid) (DTNB). Four cysteine residues, one per subunit, are shown by enzymatic
      assay to be required for catalytic activity, suggesting that a reactive cysteine
      lies within the active site of argininosuccinate synthetase. In the presence of
      sodium dodecyl sulfate, 12 cysteine residues react with DTNB; consequently, all
      of the half-cystine residues in the native enzyme are present in the reduced
      sulfhydryl form. We also present evidence for the participation of arginine
      groups in the binding of ATP and PPi. Modification of argininosuccinate
      synthetase with [14C]-phenylglyoxal results in incorporation concomitant with
      loss of catalytic activity of 4 mol of phenylglyoxal per mol of native enzyme
      (one arginine per active site). ATP and PPi protect the enzyme from phenylglyoxal
      incorporation. Based on these results, we propose that the essential arginine in
      the active site participates in the binding of ATP and PPi. The binding of ATP
      and PPi at the same site is mutually exclusive; this exclusion is in accord with
      the finding that argininosuccinate synthetase has one reactive arginine residue
      per active site per subunit. This is consistent with our previously proposed
      reaction mechanism.

PMID- 3863126
TI  - Modification of chromium(VI)-induced DNA damage by glutathione and cytochromes P
      450 in chicken embryo hepatocytes.
AB  - The role of glutathione and cytochrome P-450 in the production of DNA damage by
      chromium(VI) was examined in chicken embryo hepatocytes by the alkaline elution
      technique. Cellular levels of glutathione and cytochrome P-450 were altered by
      treating the hepatocytes with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, buthionine sulfoximine,
      isopentanol, or beta-naphthoflavone. A dramatic increase in chromium(VI)-induced
      DNA strand breaks was observed after increasing glutathione levels in the cells.
      Chromium(VI)-induced DNA strand breaks were even more numerous when the level of
      cytochrome P-450 was also increased. Upon depletion of glutathione levels and
      induction of cytochrome P-450 or cytochrome P-448, little or no DNA strand breaks
      or DNA interstrand cross-links were observed after chromium(VI) treatment.
      Chromium(VI)-induced DNA-protein cross-links generally decreased after either
      increases or decreases in cellular levels of glutathione or cytochrome P-450 or P
      448. These results suggest that glutathione enhances chromium(VI)-induced DNA
      damage through metabolic activation of chromium(VI). The possible production of
      reactive chromium species upon metabolism by glutathione and cytochrome P-450 or
      P-448 and their involvement in DNA damage is discussed.

PMID- 3863127
TI  - Specific transcription of preformed nucleoprotein complexes, containing the
      adenovirus major late promoter, with a chromatographic fraction containing RNA
      polymerase II.
AB  - Incubation in a HeLa whole-cell extract converted a plasmid DNA containing the
      adenovirus type 2 major late promoter into ordered nucleoprotein complexes
      similar to those described for simian virus DNA [Sinha, S. N., Hellwig, R. J.,
      Allison, D. P. & Niyogi, S. K. (1982) Nucleic Acids Res. 10, 5533-5552]. Purified
      nucleoprotein complexes containing the plasmid DNA were able to serve as template
      for accurate transcription in vitro. Use of such nucleoprotein complexes
      eliminated the need for addition of nontemplate DNA (poly[d(I-C)]) to
      transcription reaction mixtures with template concentrations too low to yield a
      detectable specific-transcription signal from "naked" DNA. Of the four fractions
      resulting from phosphocellulose column chromatography of the whole cell extract,
      only the fraction that contained the RNA polymerase II activity was needed to
      accurately transcribe these nucleoprotein complexes in the presence of human
      placental ribonuclease inhibitor. In contrast, specific transcription of naked
      template DNA under these conditions required at least one additional fraction
      containing specificity factors. These results show that the nucleoprotein
      complexes contain factor(s) needed for specific initiation of transcription and
      that these complexes may be useful in the purification and analysis of these
      factors.

PMID- 3863128
TI  - Phylogenetic dichotomy of nerve glycosphingolipids.
AB  - Galactocerebrosides and sulfatides are major characteristic components of
      vertebrate myelin. In contrast, glucocerebroside is the major glycosphingolipid
      of shrimp nerve. In this study, the concentrations of these glycosphingolipids in
      the nervous systems of animals from several evolutionary branches were determined
      by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. In nerves of protostome animals
      only glucose-containing glycosphingolipids were detected, whereas
      glycosphingolipids from deuterostomes contained predominantly galactose. Neither
      the glycolipids containing alpha-hydroxy fatty acids nor sulfate esters of the
      glycolipids, both of which always accompany galactocerebrosides in deuterostome
      myelin, were present in protostome nerves. This correlation suggests an
      evolutionary trend from gluco- to galactocerebrosides, which corresponds with
      changes in the nervous system from loosely structured membrane-enwrapped axons to
      multilamellar highly structured myelin.

PMID- 3863129
TI  - Immunization of rabbits with purified RNA polymerase I induces a distinct
      population of antibodies against nucleic acids as well as anti-RNA polymerase I
      antibodies, both characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Rabbits were immunized with either RNA polymerase I or poly(A) polymerase that
      had been purified to apparent homogeneity and was devoid of nucleic acids. Sera
      from rabbits thus immunized were screened for antibodies against nucleic acids.
      All seven rabbits injected with RNA polymerase I but none of the four rabbits
      immunized with poly(A) polymerase produced anti-nucleic acid antibodies. Anti-RNA
      polymerase I antibodies were induced after a single injection of the enzyme. Anti
      polynucleotide antibodies were not detectable until after the second
      immunization. Anti-RNA polymerase I antibodies could be detected with as little
      as 100 pg of purified RNA polymerase I in the radioimmunoassay. At least 50 ng of
      poly(A) or 200 ng of DNA was required to detect anti-nucleic acid antibodies. The
      immunoreactivity of anti-RNA polymerase I antisera was greater with synthetic
      polynucleotides than with DNA, particularly early in the immunization schedule.
      Alkaline phosphatase treatment of poly(A) to remove 5' phosphates nearly
      abolished its antigenicity with respect to the early sera and decreased antibody
      binding of later sera by 60%. These results indicate that the anti-nucleic acid
      antibodies produced early were primarily directed against determinants including
      the 5'-terminal phosphates while antibodies produced later were directed against
      other sites. The antinucleic acid antibodies and anti-RNA polymerase I antibodies
      formed two distinct populations that were not immunologically crossreactive. We
      suggest that after injection, RNA polymerase I becomes associated with the
      nucleic acids present in blood plasma which renders them immunogenic; thus,
      association of nucleic acids with autoimmunogenic RNA polymerase I may be one of
      the mechanisms by which anti-DNA antibodies are induced in systemic lupus
      erythematosus.

PMID- 3863131
TI  - Shape change of sickled erythrocytes induced by pulsed rf electrical fields.
AB  - The shape change of sickled erythrocytes induced by electrical pulses was
      investigated under various experimental conditions using different suspending
      media. The purpose of this research is to find a set of conditions under which
      sickled erythrocytes from an individual with sickle cell anemia (SS erythrocytes)
      can be desickled with minimal damage to the membrane. Previously we observed,
      using 0.9% NaCl solution, that rounding of the SS erythrocytes eventually led to
      hemolysis even when the field was turned off. Using short pulses, we have now
      observed that the rounding of sickled erythrocytes does not necessarily lead to
      hemolysis if buffer solutions such as Hanks' solution are used. The cause of the
      shape change is believed to be the perforation of the erythrocyte membrane by the
      potential induced by applied fields. The field-induced membrane potential has
      been calculated for spherical cells and infinitely long cylinders. Using an
      ellipsoid of revolution as a model, we generalize the calculation of membrane
      potential. These calculations indicate that a transverse field is less effective
      in inducing a potential than a longitudinal field.

PMID- 3863130
TI  - Binding of a possible transition state analogue to the active site of
      carboxypeptidase A.
AB  - The mode of binding of the competitive inhibitor 2-benzyl-3-formylpropanoic acid
      to the active site of carboxypeptidase A has been studied by x-ray diffraction
      methods to a resolution of 1.7 A. The actual species bound to the enzyme was
      determined to be the gem-diol resulting from covalent hydration at the aldehyde
      carbonyl. Details relating to the process of association of inhibitor with enzyme
      are unknown at this time: the free aldehyde could initially bind to the enzyme
      and subsequently undergo catalytic hydration; or, the hydrate itself could be the
      species initially binding to the enzyme, because it does exist to a high degree
      (25%) in aqueous solution. Nevertheless, the structure of the complex reported is
      reminiscent of a possible tetrahedral intermediate that would be encountered in a
      general base hydrolytic mechanism. Of course, other mechanistic proposals, such
      as the anhydride pathway, cannot be ruled out simply on the basis of the
      structure of this enzyme-inhibitor complex.

PMID- 3863132
TI  - Maize mitochondria synthesize organ-specific polypeptides.
AB  - We detected both quantitative and qualitative organ-specific differences in the
      total protein composition of mitochondria of maize. Labeling of isolated
      mitochondria from each organ demonstrated that a few protein differences are due
      to changes in the polypeptides synthesized by the organelle. The synthesis of
      developmental stage-specific mitochondrial polypeptides was found in the scutella
      of developing and germinating kernels. The approximately 13-kDa polypeptide
      synthesized by mitochondria from seedlings of the Texas (T) male-sterile
      cytoplasm was shown to be constitutively expressed in all organs of line B37T
      tested. Methomyl, an insecticide known to inhibit the growth of T sterile plants,
      was shown to be an effective inhibitor of protein synthesis in mitochondria from
      T plants.

PMID- 3863133
TI  - Heat shock increases the synthesis of the poly(A)-binding protein in HeLa cells.
AB  - When HeLa cells are shifted from 37 degrees C to 45 degrees C, the synthesis of
      two proteins increases. Their approximate molecular masses are 73 kDa [heat shock
      protein 73 (hsp73)] and 87 kDa (hsp87), respectively. One of them, the hsp73,
      shows a specific affinity for poly(A). This protein is identical with a protein
      regularly found associated with translatable mRNAs in all vertebrate cells. It is
      well characterized by its high affinity to the poly(A) sequence of polyribosomal
      mRNA, and it occurs free in cytoplasm. hsp73 and the poly(A)-binding protein have
      the same isoelectric point and molecular size. The peptide analysis indicates
      that they are identical.

PMID- 3863135
TI  - Expression sequences of cell adhesion molecules.
AB  - A reexamination of the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) during the
      development of the chicken embryo was carried out using more sensitive
      immunocytochemical techniques than had been used previously. While the previously
      determined sequence of CAM expression was confirmed, neural CAM (N-CAM) was also
      detected on endodermal structures such as the lung epithelium, gut epithelium,
      and pancreas and on budding structures such as the pancreatic duct and gall
      bladder. It was also found on ectodermal derivatives of the skin. In most of
      these sites, N-CAM expression was transient, but in the chicken embryo lung, the
      epithelium remained positive for N-CAM and liver CAM (L-CAM) into adult life.
      Thus, at one time or another, both of these primary CAMs can be expressed on
      derivatives of all three germ layers. At sites of embryonic induction, epithelial
      cells expressing both L-CAM and N-CAM, or L-CAM only, were apposed to mesenchymal
      cells expressing N-CAM. Examples included epiblast (NL) and notochord (N);
      endodermal epithelium (NL) and lung mesenchyme (N); Wolffian duct (NL) and
      mesonephric mesenchyme (N); apical ectodermal ridge (NL) and limb mesenchyme (N);
      and feather placode (L) and dermal condensation (N). The cumulative observations
      indicate that cell surface modulation of the primary CAMs at induction sites can
      be classified into two modes. In mode I, expression of N-CAM (or both CAMs) in
      mesenchyme decreases to low amounts at the cell surface, and then N-CAM is
      reexpressed. In mode II, one or the other CAM disappears from epithelia
      expressing both CAMs. As a result of the primary processes of development,
      collectives of cells linked by N-CAM and undergoing modulation mode I are brought
      into the proximity of collectives of cells linked by L-CAM plus N-CAM or by L-CAM
      undergoing modulation mode II. Such adjoining cell collectives or CAM couples
      were found at all sites of embryonic induction examined.

PMID- 3863134
TI  - Cell surface antigen of human neuroblastomas is related to nuclear antigen of
      normal cells.
AB  - The localization of MC25, an antigen first detected on the surface of human
      neuroblastoma cells, was determined in cultured cells and tissues. Neuroblastoma
      cell lines (15/17) express the antigen on the surface and in the cytoplasm
      (scMC25+), whereas 156/160 cell lines derived from other normal and malignant
      human cell types are scMC25-. However, MC25 is found in the nucleus of scMC25-
      cells (nMC25+), presenting a discrete granular pattern. In scMC25+/nMC25-
      neuroblastoma lines, apparent antigen shifting from the cell surface/cytoplasm to
      the nucleus accompanies variant formation, which represents a transition in the
      neuronal differentiation program of these cells. Results of immunohistochemical
      studies with human tissues parallel the findings with cultured cells. Almost all
      cell types are scMC25-/nMC25+; basal cells of the epidermis are the only cells
      constitutively expressing cMC25; and a population of neurons are the only scMC25
      /nMC25- cells. Alternative localization of MC25 to different cellular
      compartments and antigen shifting are reminiscent of the behavior of certain
      developmentally regulated antigens in Drosophila and Xenopus.

PMID- 3863136
TI  - Is human X chromosome inactivation a sex-determining device?
AB  - The evolutionary function of X chromosome inactivation is thought to be dosage
      compensation. However, there is, at present, little evidence to suggest that most
      X chromosome-linked genes require such compensation. Another view--that X
      chromosome inactivation may be related to sex determination--is examined here.
      Consider a hypothetical DNA sequence regulating a major structural gene concerned
      with the determination of maleness. If this regulatory sequence occurs in both X
      and Y chromosomes and if its copy number in the Y chromosome is significantly
      greater than in the X chromosome, then the male-determining properties of the Y
      chromosome could be attributed to this higher copy number. On the other hand, if
      the Y chromosome has the same copy number of this sequence as the X chromosome,
      it is difficult to see how determination of two sexes would occur under such
      circumstances because XX and XY genomes would then be indistinguishable in this
      regard. Such a situation seems to occur in the human species with respect to the
      banded krait minor satellite, a repetitious DNA sequence associated with sex
      determination. This apparent difficulty may be resolved if X chromosome
      inactivation renders regulatory as well as structural genes nonfunctional and
      thereby brings about a significant reduction in the effective copy number of X
      chromosome-linked DNA sequences concerned with sex determination. It is suggested
      that X chromosome inactivation brings about, in this manner, a critical
      inequality between XX and XY embryos and that sex determination in humans is a
      consequence of this inequality. An analogous situation appears to exist in
      certain insects in which inactivation of a haploid set of chromosomes (and
      presumably, therefore, a 50% reduction in the effective copy number of most
      genes) is associated with maleness. If this line of reasoning is correct, it
      would suggest that sex determination may be the primary function of X chromosome
      inactivation.

PMID- 3863137
TI  - Regulated expression of ras gene constructs in Dictyostelium transformants.
AB  - Constructs were made in which approximately equal to 500 base pairs of the 5'
      flanking region of the ras gene of Dictyostelium discoideum and variable amounts
      of the coding region were linked to a ras cDNA in a transformation vector. These
      constructs then were used to transform Dictyostelium cells and their regulation
      was examined. In Dictyostelium transformants, transcripts from the ras gene
      constructs were found at high levels in cells in fast-shaking cultures containing
      cAMP, whereas transcripts were either not detectable or present at very low
      levels in cultures lacking exogenous cAMP. In slow-shaking culture, a
      significantly lower level of ras RNA was detected. When normal developing
      aggregates were dissociated, RNA from the ras constructs decreased rapidly but
      then reaccumulated in the presence of cAMP. These results show that the sequences
      necessary for the response to external cAMP are present within an approximately
      equal to 650-base-pair region upstream from the ATG start codon and/or within
      portions of the protein-coding region. Moreover, the proper regulation of ras
      gene expression in high-copy-number transformants suggests that trans-acting
      factors which may control transcription are not limiting. Vector constructs were
      also examined in which the cDNA was present in the opposite orientation compared
      to the gene fragment (antisense orientation). When these were transfected into
      cells, no transformants were obtained, suggesting that expression of the ras gene
      is essential for vegetative growth.

PMID- 3863138
TI  - Gene amplification: an example of accelerated evolution in tumorigenic cells.
AB  - During selection for methotrexate resistance, tumorigenic CHEF/16 cells and
      derivatives from CHEF/16 tumors underwent amplification of the dihydrofolate
      reductase gene (DHFR) at accelerated rates compared with closely related
      nontumorigenic CHEF/18 cells. "Dot blot" analysis showed that the CHEF/16 cells
      contained many more copies of the DHFR gene than did the CHEF/18 cells, when
      assayed at similar elevated levels of methotrexate resistance. Chromosome
      analysis of cell samples taken at several time points during amplification
      revealed large differences between the nontumorigenic CHEF/18 cells and the two
      tumorigenic cell lines. The tumorigenic cells developed few chromosome
      rearrangements over a 4-log increase in methotrexate resistance, other than
      increased length of a single chromosome, which was shown by in situ hybridization
      to contain most or all of the amplified DHFR gene copies. In contrast, the
      CHEF/18 cells underwent complex, progressive changes in almost every chromosome,
      and in situ hybridization suggested a dispersed pattern of gene amplification.
      The data support the hypothesis that unregulated amplification is a pathological
      process, occurring readily in neoplastic but rarely in normal cells, that
      together with other chromosomal disturbances contributes to the rapid evolution
      and progression of cancer.

PMID- 3863139
TI  - Membrane lipid changes in laminectomized and traumatized cat spinal cord.
AB  - Free fatty acid (FFA), diacylglycerol (acyl2Gro), icosanoid, phospholipid, and
      cholesterol levels were measured in samples of cat spinal cord (L2) that were
      frozen in situ with vertebrae intact, at various times after laminectomy, and at
      various times after laminectomy with compression trauma to the spinal cord.
      Tissue samples either were grossly dissected into gray and white portions prior
      to FFA and acyl2Gro analysis or were used whole for the other lipid types. Gray
      matter total FFA and acyl2Gro values were abnormally high in samples frozen with
      vertebrae intact and in those frozen 10 min after laminectomy. This indicates
      that the surgical procedures resulted in some perturbation of spinal cord lipid
      metabolism. If the experimental animals were allowed to recover for 90 min after
      laminectomy, the gray matter FFA and acyl2Gro levels were greatly reduced.
      Compression of the spinal cord with a 170-g weight for 1, 3, or 5 min (following
      90 min of recovery after laminectomy) caused significant elevations of total FFA,
      acyl2Gro, icosanoids, and phosphatidic acid and significant decreases in
      ethanolamine plasmalogens and cholesterol. Among the total FFA, arachidonic acid
      was found to have the largest relative increase. Comparisons of gray and white
      matter demonstrate that, in general, changes in white matter FFA and acyl2Gro
      were similar to those seen in gray matter. However, the increases in white matter
      levels of FFA and acyl2Gro were delayed, occurring after the elevations in gray
      matter. For some FFA (e.g., arachidonate), the rise in white matter occurred as
      gray matter levels were decreasing. This suggests that the initial alteration in
      spinal cord lipid metabolism after trauma was in gray matter but, with time,
      spread radially into white matter.

PMID- 3863140
TI  - Molecular heterogeneity of variant isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase from cultured
      isovaleric acidemia fibroblasts.
AB  - Variants of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVDHase, EC 1.3.99.10) in 15 isovaleric
      acidemia fibroblast lines were analyzed using [35S]methionine labeling,
      immunoprecipitation with anti-rat IVDHase antiserum, and NaDodSo4/polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. Five distinct variants of IVDHase were detected. The
      molecular size of variant 1 (43 kDa) was indistinguishable from that of normal
      IVDHase (43 kDa), although the activity of this enzyme was as deficient (0-2.2%
      of normal control) as that of any other variant. It was synthesized as a
      precursor (45 kDa), which is the case for normal IVDHase. Variant 2 was
      synthesized as a 42-kDa precursor, but only a small portion of it was processed
      to the mature variant form (40 kDa). Variant 3 (41 kDa) was synthesized as a 43
      kDa precursor. Variant 4 (40 kDa) was synthesized as a 42-kDa precursor that was
      readily processed to the mature form. In cells with variant 5, no material that
      crossreacted with the anti-rat IVDHase antibody was detected. These results
      suggest that variant 1 may be due to a point mutation, while variants 2-4 may be
      encoded by a different mutant IVDHase allele that causes the premature
      termination of translation, although other complex mechanisms are possible. A
      deletion, a nonsense mutation close to the NH2 terminus or an extremely labile
      mRNA may give rise to variant 5.

PMID- 3863141
TI  - Gene mapping and leader polypeptide sequence of human glucocerebrosidase:
      implications for Gaucher disease.
AB  - Analysis of immunologic cross-reacting material in Chinese hamster-human somatic
      cell hybrids allowed assignment of the structural gene for glucocerebrosidase
      (glucosylceramidase; beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase, EC
      3.2.1.45) to chromosome 1 bands q21-q32. In situ hybridization of a radiolabeled
      human glucocerebrosidase cDNA to high resolution human chromosomes demonstrated
      that a single locus encoding glucocerebrosidase is on 1q21, adjacent to a region
      of chromosome 1 (1qh) abundant in structural heteromorphisms. We also have
      identified a hydrophobic leader polypeptide encoded by this locus, permitting a
      more complete description of the biosynthesis of the enzyme. These results
      suggest that the type-specific protein polymorphisms in Gaucher disease result
      from mutations at this single locus, whose segregation might be followed by
      linkage to visible chromosomal heteromorphisms.

PMID- 3863142
TI  - Differentiating effects of murine nerve growth factor in the peripheral and
      central nervous systems of Xenopus laevis tadpoles.
AB  - The present investigation was directed toward exploration of the spectrum of
      action of murine nerve growth factor (m-NGF) in peripheral cells and neurons in
      the central nervous system (CNS) of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. It was found that
      systemic m-NGF injections elicit growth and differentiative effects not only on
      sensory and sympathetic nerve cells but also on several populations in the CNS.
      The finding that aminergic and peptidergic neurons in brain centers are highly
      receptive to m-NGF activity provides evidence for the broad spectrum of action of
      this molecule in lower vertebrates and calls for a systematic search for these
      and other putative target cells in the CNS of higher vertebrates.

PMID- 3863143
TI  - Purification and characterization of a neurite extension factor from bovine
      brain.
AB  - The extension of neurites by chicken embryo cerebral cortical neurons can be
      measured quantitatively at low cell density in serum-free, defined medium. An
      acidic, heat-stable protein fraction from bovine brain has been shown to have
      neurite extension activity in this assay. We report the use of reversed-phase
      HPLC to purify a neurite extension factor from this fraction to apparent
      homogeneity. The protein was characterized by NaDodSO4/PAGE. In the presence of
      reducing agents, the protein migrated as a single band, with an apparent
      molecular weight of 6500. In the absence of reducing agents, the protein showed
      bands at apparent molecular weights of 6500, 21,000-22,000, 30,000, and 40,000.
      Reduction and S-carboxymethylation of the protein abolished all biological
      activity and resulted in a shift of the apparent molecular weight to 11,000. The
      amino acid composition of the purified neurite-extension factor was nearly
      identical to that of bovine brain S100 beta. The amino acid sequences of peptides
      derived from trypsin or cyanogen bromide digests of the protein were identical to
      those found in S100 beta and accounted for 71 of 91 amino acids in the protein.
      However, three peptides obtained from cyanogen bromide digestion of the
      nonreduced protein appeared to be disulfide-linked dimers. Our results indicate
      that a biological activity, neurite extension, which is critical for the
      development of the nervous system, is associated with a disulfide form of S100
      beta.

PMID- 3863144
TI  - Cerebellin: a quantifiable marker for Purkinje cell maturation.
AB  - The cerebellum-specific hexadecapeptide cerebellin has been localized by
      immunocytochemical means to the perikarya and dendrites of cerebellar Purkinje
      cells. Biochemical analysis using ion-pairing HPLC shows cerebellin to first
      appear 5 days after birth, whereafter levels rise to a maximum at 25 days
      postpartum, and then decline to stable adult values. This same pattern of
      development occurs with a lag of approximately 5 days for the major metabolite of
      cerebellin, des-Ser1-cerebellin. The immunocytochemical picture of cerebellin in
      developing Purkinje cells mirrors the biochemical data. These results show that
      cerebellins represent unique quantifiable markers for the investigation of
      Purkinje cell maturation and lend support to the feasibility of using unique
      endogenous peptides to chart neurodevelopment.

PMID- 3863145
TI  - Selective expression of cell surface antigens on human haemopoietic progenitor
      cells.

PMID- 3863146
TI  - Loss of adhesion of erythrocyte precursors to fibronectin during erythroid
      differentiation.

PMID- 3863147
TI  - Maintenance of normal and abnormal hemopoietic cell populations in long-term
      cultures of CML and AML marrow cells.

PMID- 3863148
TI  - Demonstration of commitment by K562 human erythroleukemia cells.
AB  - Commitment, i.e. the decision to express a differentiated phenotype and to
      terminate proliferation irreversibly in the absence of inducer, was investigated
      in K562 human erythroleukemia cells. Cells were cultured for 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4
      days with inducer and then plated in medium containing methylcellulose without
      inducer. Daily following plating, hemoglobin content was scored by benzidine
      staining and growth was assessed by estimating cell number per colony. With all
      inducers used, three types of colonies were found, those containing only
      benzidine positive cells, those containing only benzidine negative cells, and
      those containing both benzidine positive and benzidine negative cells (mixed
      colonies). Thymidine produced a progressive increase in the percentage of
      positive and mixed colonies and a progressive fall in the percentage of negative
      colonies. Whereas negative colonies grew at an exponential rate with a generation
      time of about 20 hours, positive colonies reached an average maximum size of 16
      cells, representing a total of four divisions. Butyrate had a similar effect
      except that the rise was greater for mixed colonies than for positive colonies
      and the plateau in positive colony size was less evident. In contrast, CO2
      depletion or hemin treatment induced an increase in the fraction of cells
      staining benzidine positive which was lost rapidly upon removal of the inducing
      condition. Thus, of the four conditions, thymidine and butyrate caused commitment
      whereas hemin and CO2 depletion did not. Thus K562 cells, like Friend cells,
      demonstrate commitment, but, unlike Friend cells, demonstrate a significant rate
      of commitment in the absence of inducer and hence form a significant percentage
      of mixed colonies with or without inducer.

PMID- 3863149
TI  - Positive and negative regulation of specific gene expression by the tumor
      promoter TPA in human erythroleukemic K562 cells.
AB  - The potent tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) has been
      shown to have profound effects on many mammalian cell types grown in tissue
      culture. In the human erythroleukemic cell line K562, TPA causes inhibition of
      cell growth, attachment to plastic dishes and a flat, irregular cell morphology.
      Accompanying these changes is a reduction in the expression of two cell surface
      glycoproteins, Gp-105 and glycophorin, which are specific to intermediate and
      late stages of erythroid cell development (Fukuda 1981). In this study, we found
      that TPA treatment leads to a reduction in the incorporation of [35S]-methionine
      into glycophorin which suggests that regulation occurs at the level of de novo
      biosynthesis. We also examined the effect of TPA on the biosynthesis of other
      cellular proteins. We found that TPA treatment leads to a de novo induction of
      two cytoskeletal proteins, vimentin and actin. To further examine the mechanism
      of action of TPA, we isolated RNA from K562 cells, translated it in vitro, and
      examined the products by immunoprecipitation. TPA was found to rapidly reduce the
      level of glycophorin mRNA activity; a 5-fold reduction was noted as early as 1
      hour after TPA treatment. Concurrently, the level of vimentin mRNA activity
      increased. By hybridization of a human actin cDNA probe to K562 RNA, we also
      found that TPA treatment leads to a rapid induction of actin mRNA. These results
      suggest that some of the effects of TPA, including possibly tumor promotion, may
      be due to both positive and negative transcriptional regulation of specific
      genes.

PMID- 3863150
TI  - Dexamethasone effect on renal prostaglandin-9-ketoreductase activity in the
      rabbit.
AB  - The effect of in vivo administration of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg/d for 1 wk) was
      investigated on the ratio of urinary PGE2/PGF2 alpha excretion and on in vitro
      cortical prostaglandin-9-ketoreductase (PG-9-KR) activity in rabbits.
      Dexamethasone treatment decreased PGF2 alpha excretion significantly from 32.87
      +/- 8.09 to 19.28 +/- 6.14 ng/mg creatinine, p less than 0.05) without causing a
      significant change in PGE2 excretion (9.38 +/- 2.48 and 13.53 +/- 5.03 ng/mg
      creatinine before and after dexamethasone, respectively). The ratio of urinary
      PGE2/PGF2 alpha increased markedly following glucocorticoid administration (from
      0.34 +/- 0.08 to 1.03 +/- 0.32, p less than 0.05). The activity of cytosolic PG-9
      KR activity, however, was not significantly different in control and
      dexamethasone-treated rabbits. It is concluded that the glucocorticoid-induced
      increase in urinary PGE2/PGF2 alpha ratio is probably unrelated to changes in PG
      9-KR activity.

PMID- 3863151
TI  - Effects of salicylate and indomethacin in nonfebrile rats at different ambient
      temperatures.
AB  - The effects of sodium salicylate (SS) and indomethacin (INDO) on rectal
      temperature (RT) and on prostaglandin (PG) concentration in the anterior
      hypothalamus of nonfebrile rats exposed to ambient temperatures (AT) of 4 +/- 1
      degrees C, 23 +/- 2 degrees C and 34 +/- 2 degrees C were investigated. In rats
      treated with SS and exposed to AT of 4 degrees C and 23 degrees C, RT decreased
      by 1-1.5 degrees C (p less than 0.01). On the other hand at AT of 34 degrees C,
      SS-treated rats had an elevation of RT of 2 degrees C (p less than 0.01).
      However, in rats treated by INDO, RT did not change, in spite of significant
      decreases (p less than 0.01) in PGE2 under all three environmental conditions. In
      SS treated rats a significant decrease (p less than 0.01) of PGE2 was observed
      only at At 23 degrees C, whereas hypothalamic PGE levels were not inhibited at 4
      degrees C or 34 degrees C. This data do not support the hypothesis that PG is the
      mediator of normal thermoregulation in the rat. The changes in deep body
      temperature observed in nonfebrile rats treated with salicylate may be related to
      a mechanism that is not associated with PG cyclooxygenase inhibition.

PMID- 3863152
TI  - Aggregation of and thromboxane B2 synthesis in platelets from newborn infants of
      smoking and non-smoking mothers.
AB  - Cord blood platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) synthesis were
      investigated in 20 healthy infants of drug-free healthy mothers with an
      uncomplicated pregnancy ending at term in a normal vaginal delivery. Eight of the
      mothers were habitual smokers and the remaining 12 were non-smokers. The platelet
      count was slightly lower in infants of smoking mothers than in the control
      infants. There were no differences between the two groups in the qualitative or
      quantitative aggregation responses (maximal change in optical density) to
      stimulation by 0.55, 1.1, 3.3 and 6.6 microM adenosine diphosphate, 0.5 and 1.0
      mM arachidonic acid (AA) or collagen 1.0 and 5.5 mg/l. Nor was there any
      difference between the groups in regard to TxB2 synthesis after stimulation by
      these substances. The amount of TxB2 synthesized merely reflected the occurrence
      of reversible or irreversible platelet aggregation. Stimulation of platelets by
      AA induced by far the highest synthesis of TxB2. The generally decreased
      aggregability of platelets of newborn infants, compared with that in adults, was
      confirmed in this study. No effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the
      prostaglandin-dependent pathway of aggregation of cord blood platelets was
      demonstrated.

PMID- 3863153
TI  - Is hyperventilation a physiologically significant stimulus for prostaglandin
      release in the human pulmonary vascular bed?
AB  - The influence of hyperventilation on the pulmonary prostaglandin (PG) release was
      studied in healthy volunteers. Hyperventilation was forced by adding 8% CO2 to
      the inhaled air and arterial and mixed venous blood was sampled for
      radioimmunoassays of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGE2. The increased ventilation did
      not alter the arterio-venous PG concentration differences suggesting that
      hyperventilation accompanying the activation of chemoreceptors is not a
      physiologically significant stimulus for the pulmonary PG release in man.

PMID- 3863154
TI  - The significance of CA19-9 tumor antigen in the serum of patients with
      carcinomas.
AB  - The concentration of serum CA19-9TM in 101 patients with colorectal
      adenocarcinoma (CRC), and 109 patients with carcinomas of lung, breast, stomach
      and pancreas and hepatoma, and 40 normal healthy controls including an equal
      number of smokers and nonsmokers were determined by solid phase radioimmunoassay
      of CA19-9 assay kits (Centocor). Of the normal sera, only 1 out of 40 (2.5%) was
      over 37.6 U/ml. No significant difference of CA19-9 levels was found between
      smokers (14.4 +/- 9.0 U/ml) and non-smokers (16.0 +/- 10.2 U/ml) of normal
      control. In patients sera, the mean value of CA19-9 levels was significantly
      higher in patients with Dukes B (P less than 0.05) and in patients with Dukes C
      and D (P less than 0.001) than the normal healthy control (15.2 +/- 10.2 U/ml).
      Analysis of serum CEA concentrations has shown a similar result in patients with
      all Dukes staged CRC. The CA19-9 levels was also significantly elevated in
      patients with gastric carcinoma, lung carcinoma, hepatoma, and especially in
      patients with pancreatic carcinoma (P less than 0.0001). The levels of CA19-9
      elevated in 50% (22/44) of patients with advanced CRC while the elevation was 8
      of 43 (18.6%) patients with localized CRC. A comparison of CA19-9 and CEA assays
      showed no correlation (r = 0.125) between the two assays. Although the CA19-9
      assay (26.4%) was less sensitive than the CEA assay (51.7%), the specificity of
      CA19-9 assay (97.5%) was better than that of CEA assay (87.5%).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3863155
TI  - Handedness, language dominance and aphasia: a genetic model.
AB  - A simple two-allele Mendelian model of the genetics of handedness is described
      and fitted to data in the literature. The model proposes that there are two
      alleles, D (dextral) and C (chance), the homozygous DD genotype producing only
      right-handers (directional asymmetry), the homozygous CC genotype producing a
      racemic mixture of 50% right-handers and 50% left-handers (fluctuating
      asymmetry), and the heterozygote, DC, being intermediate between the homozygotes
      and producing 25% left-handers, and 75% right-handers. It is also suggested that
      the true population incidence of left-handedness is 7.75%, deviations from this
      figure being due to either criterion shifts or selection biases. The same model
      is then fitted, by means of a number of minor conceptual extensions, to data from
      the literature on the relationship of handedness to language dominance, acute and
      permanent aphasia, and visual processing dominance.

PMID- 3863156
TI  - Can linkage and marker association resolve the genetic aetiology of psychiatric
      disorders? Review and argument.

PMID- 3863157
TI  - Bulimia and depression.
AB  - In recent years several lines of evidence have emerged suggesting that eating
      disorders in general, and bulimia in particular, are in some way linked to
      affective illness. However, there are few data on the frequency of affective
      syndromes among patients who have anorexia nervosa or bulimia. This report
      describes the results of semistructured interviews using the Schedule for
      Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) to evaluate the frequency of the
      current and lifetime diagnoses of affective illness among 50 female patients
      meeting DSM-III criteria for bulimia. Seventy percent of the patients had, at
      some time during their lives, met Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for an
      episode of major depression and 88% had met RDC at some time during their lives
      for some affective disturbance. The implications of this high frequency of
      affective disturbance among patients with bulimia are discussed.

PMID- 3863158
TI  - [Clinical experiences with beta-tricalcium phosphate in oral surgery (I)].

PMID- 3863160
TI  - [Removable metal-ceramic bridges for periodontal prevention (II)].

PMID- 3863159
TI  - [Systematization of amalgam filling technic--cutting, manipulation and polishing
      amalgam fillings with the SAP-IN system (I)].

PMID- 3863161
TI  - [New concepts in periodontics (II)].

PMID- 3863162
TI  - [Diagnosis of double root canals and double-rooted anterior teeth using the
      Walton projection].

PMID- 3863163
TI  - [Interpretation of radiographs].

PMID- 3863164
TI  - [Importance of a systematic education for the image of today's dental assistant].

PMID- 3863165
TI  - [Sectional dental preparation for macroscopic overview with simultaneous optimal
      infiltration of the imbedding media for microscopic analysis].

PMID- 3863166
TI  - [Clinical experiences with beta-tricalcium phosphate in oral surgery (II)].

PMID- 3863167
TI  - [Patient-oriented wound care after dental surgical procedures].

PMID- 3863168
TI  - [Systematization of amalgam filling technics--cutting, manipulation and polishing
      of amalgam fillings with the SAP-IN system (II)].

PMID- 3863169
TI  - [Pins. A useful aid in restorations with problems in altered rehabilitation].

PMID- 3863170
TI  - [Interpretation of radiographs].

PMID- 3863172
TI  - [Automatic data processing applications in dental practice].

PMID- 3863171
TI  - [Single model photography with a modified reproduction device].

PMID- 3863173
TI  - [Facial pain--differential diagnosis for the dentist (I)].

PMID- 3863174
TI  - [Self-prep-trainer--a didactic aid for student instruction].

PMID- 3863175
TI  - [Infection of the periapex and its treatment with Gangraena Merz root canal
      filling paste].

PMID- 3863176
TI  - [Preprosthetic orthodontics (VII)].

PMID- 3863177
TI  - [Interpretation of radiographs].

PMID- 3863178
TI  - [Diagnosis of premolars with multiple canals using radiography].

PMID- 3863179
TI  - [Equipping dental treatment rooms in old age homes and nursing homes].

PMID- 3863180
TI  - [Pain control in dental and oral medicine with a soft laser].

PMID- 3863181
TI  - [Facial pain. Differential diagnosis for the dentist (II)].

PMID- 3863182
TI  - [Pain relief in dental practice (I)].

PMID- 3863183
TI  - [Caries prevention--it is not possible without fluoride].

PMID- 3863184
TI  - [Why do we question patients].

PMID- 3863186
TI  - [Diurnal rhythm and the effect use of therapeutic drugs].

PMID- 3863185
TI  - [Hygiene of the suction sink].

PMID- 3863187
TI  - [Elimination of pain in dental practice (II)].

PMID- 3863188
TI  - [Problem: smoking in the office].

PMID- 3863189
TI  - [Care of hand- and angle-pieces].

PMID- 3863190
TI  - [Development of the dental instrument cabinet to a rational team combination
      cabinet].

PMID- 3863191
TI  - [History of surgery mechanics].

PMID- 3863192
TI  - [Orthodontic closure of gaps in the maxillary anterior region in combination with
      the Kole corticotomy in a 21-year-old patient (case report)].

PMID- 3863193
TI  - Osteosarcoma development following single inhalation exposure to americium-241 in
      beagle dogs.
AB  - Young, mature Beagle dogs underwent single inhalation exposure to respirable
      aerosols of 241AmO2 to determine the radiation dose distribution to tissues. The
      dogs were serially sacrificed to assess the clearance of 241Am from the lung, the
      rate of translocation to internal organs, the pattern of retention in the organs,
      and the rates and modes of excretion. Americium dioxide was relatively soluble in
      the lung, leading to the translocation of significant quantities of 241Am to bone
      and liver, thus delivering radiation doses to these tissues nearly equal to that
      received by the lung. Osteoblastic osteosarcomas developed in four dogs surviving
      more than 1000 days after exposure. Histologically, all of the osteosarcomas were
      associated with areas of radiation osteodystrophy characterized by bone
      infarction, peritrabecular new bone formation, marrow fibrosis, and
      microresorptive cavities. The retention and translocation of inhaled 241Am in
      dogs is similar to that of man, indicating that 241Am inhaled by humans may
      potentially result in significant risk of bone tumor development.

PMID- 3863195
TI  - The effects of PGD2 and 9-deoxy-delta 9-PGD2 on colony formation of murine
      osteosarcoma cells.
AB  - Effects of antineoplastic prostaglandins (PG), PGD2 and 9-deoxy-delta 9-PGD2, on
      colony formation of cloned Dunn osteosarcoma (TA 102), normal Swiss 3T3 and V-79
      cell lines were evaluated. PGD2 significantly inhibited the colony formation of
      TA 102 cells in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations between 0.5 and 5
      micrograms/ml. The IC50 value was calculated to be 0.72 microgram/ml. A dose
      dependent inhibition of TA 102 colony formation was also observed with 9-deoxy
      delta 9-PGD2 between 0.01 to 1 microgram/ml, the IC50 value being 0.22
      microgram/ml. These prostaglandins did not exert cytocidal effects in vitro on
      Swiss 3T3 cells at concentrations between 0.01 to 1 microgram/ml. The two agents
      had no significant cytocidal effects on V-79 cells except for 9-deoxy-delta 9
      PGD2 at a concentration of 5 ug/ml. These results suggest that PGD2 and 9-deoxy
      delta 9-PGD2 are considered to have cytocidal activity on Dunn osteosarcoma cells
      in dosages which do not affect non-malignant cells.

PMID- 3863194
TI  - Hypoxia enhances prostaglandin synthesis in renal mesangial cell cultures.
AB  - In view of recent findings which suggest that renal prostaglandins mediate the
      effect of hypoxia on erythropoietin production, we have studied whether hypoxia
      is a stimulus for in vitro prostaglandin synthesis. Studies were carried out in
      rat renal mesangial cell cultures which produce erythropoietin in an oxygen
      dependent manner. Production rates of PGE2 and in specified samples also of 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha, as a measure of PGI2, and PGF2 alpha were determined by
      radioimmunoassay after incubation at either 20% O2 (normoxic) or 2% O2 (hypoxic)
      in gas permeable dishes for 24 hrs. Considerable variation in PGE2 production was
      noted among independent cell lines. PGE2 production appeared to be inversely
      correlated to the cellular density of the cultures. In addition, PGE2 production
      was enhanced in hypoxic cell cultures. The mean increase was 50 to 60%. PGF2
      alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha increased by about the same rate. These results
      indicate that hypoxia is a stimulus for in vitro prostaglandin production.

PMID- 3863196
TI  - Effect of prostaglandin E2 on the electrical activity of cat isolated stomach
      muscle.
AB  - Prostaglandins (PGs) are believed to be present in the gastrointestinal tract and
      to increase the tone of longitudinal muscle layer. However the influence of PGs
      on the gastric slow wave (SW) is not clarified yet. We therefore investigated the
      effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the electrical and the mechanical activities
      of feline isolated stomach muscle strips (7 X 1.5 cm), using five capillary
      electrodes (Ag-AgCl) and an isometric force transducer connected to the antral
      edge. One hundred and ninety-six strips, obtained from the corpus and antrum of
      196 anaesthetized cats, were studied in a muscle chamber filled with Krebs
      solution (pH 7.4, temperature 36 degrees C) bubbled with 5% CO2 in O2. Exogenous
      PGE2 concentration-dependently increased the gastric SW frequency without
      affecting the spike and mechanical activities. Indomethacin decreased the SW
      frequency. These responses to PGE2 or indomethacin were not blocked by
      phentolamine, propranolol, hexamethonium, atropine or tetrodotoxin. It is
      therefore suggested that PGE2 facilitates the development of the gastric SW by an
      action on the muscle that does not involve cholinergic or adrenergic mechanism.

PMID- 3863198
TI  - [Morphological, biochemical and serologic identification of Streptococcus mutans
      in children's dental plaque].

PMID- 3863197
TI  - Assessment of a two dose scheme of PGE2 gel for preinduction cervical softening.
AB  - A single dose technique of endocervically administered 0.5 mg PGE2 triacetin gel
      has been reliably effective for preinduction cervical softening. This study
      examined the value of a 2 times 0.25 mg dosing scheme over a 12 hour period and
      compared it with the single dose method. It was concluded that there was no
      advantage in the two dose scheme and given the potential for contamination or
      inadvertent rupture of the membranes with more frequent dosing, the single
      application remains the procedure of choice.

PMID- 3863199
TI  - [Adhesion of monocytes to endodontic cements: an in vitro assay method].

PMID- 3863200
TI  - [Bruxism and its clinical effects on occlusion].

PMID- 3863201
TI  - [Biocompatibility and dental metals].

PMID- 3863202
TI  - [Bacteremia].

PMID- 3863203
TI  - [Giant complex odontoma of the upper jaw].

PMID- 3863204
TI  - [Philosophy of dental occlusion].

PMID- 3863205
TI  - [The orthopantomographic projection in sialography].

PMID- 3863206
TI  - [Morphological aspects of gingival hyperplasia caused by hydantoin].

PMID- 3863207
TI  - [Antibiotic use in clinical dentistry].

PMID- 3863208
TI  - [Instrumentation of root canals in posterior teeth. Methods].

PMID- 3863209
TI  - [Control of bacterial plaque and chlorhexidine].

PMID- 3863210
TI  - [Oral leukoplakia. Histopathological study of 31 cases].

PMID- 3863211
TI  - [Concepts of fluoridation].

PMID- 3863212
TI  - [The edgewise arch and the Harvold activator].

PMID- 3863213
TI  - [Application of the Spanish-American Index in municipal primary schools in Buenos
      Aires (to determine orthodontic anomalies and evaluate treatment needs and
      priorities)].

PMID- 3863214
TI  - [Psychodynamic aspects of orthodontic patients. A psychoanalytic focus].

PMID- 3863215
TI  - [New treatment for an extreme Class II, division 1 malocclusion in an adult
      patient: report of a case].

PMID- 3863216
TI  - Imipenem: the first thienamycin antibiotic.

PMID- 3863217
TI  - Influence of imipenem on the serum resistance of enterobacteriaceae.
AB  - Following growth in a subinhibitory concentration of imipenem and additional
      incubation in a 20% dilution of normal human serum (NHS) for 90 minutes, five of
      12 serum-resistant strains of enterobacteriaceae showed a decrease in colony
      forming units of two or more logs of growth compared with the control. Two
      strains (of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes) showed this phenomenon
      even with incubation in 5% NHS. Treatment with imipenem did not change the serum
      resistance of the other seven strains (two strains each of Enterobacter cloacae,
      Klebsiella pneumonia, and Serratia marcescens, and one strain of Proteus
      morganii). The phenomenon of induced serum susceptibility is dose dependent and
      reversible. Other beta-lactam antibiotics either caused only a slight decrease of
      resistance (cefsulodin, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefodizime-HR221) or did not
      influence the serum resistance at all (cefotaxime, mecillinam). Killing of the
      induced serum-sensitive strains appeared to be antibody dependent.

PMID- 3863218
TI  - Effect of imipenem/cilastatin on the colonic microflora.
AB  - The effect of imipenem/cilastatin on the colonic microflora was investigated in
      10 patients receiving the drug for six to 11 days. Fecal specimens were cultured
      quantitatively for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms before, during, and after
      therapy. Imipenem/cilastatin treatment was associated with minor changes in the
      colonic flora. A small decrease in the numbers of enterobacteria, enterococci,
      anaerobic cocci, and organisms of the Bacteroides fragilis group was observed.
      After treatment was discontinued, the microflora returned to normal in all
      patients, and no new colonization with imipenem-resistant bacteria was seen. No
      patient had Clostridium difficile or its cytotoxin in feces. No adverse
      gastrointestinal reactions were registered.

PMID- 3863219
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of imipenem and cilastatin in volunteers.
AB  - Imipenem/cilastatin sodium consists of imipenem, a broad-spectrum carbapenem
      antimicrobial agent, and cilastatin sodium, an inhibitor of dehydropeptidase I,
      the renal enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of imipenem. When imipenem is
      administered alone by the intravenous route, the levels excreted in the urine are
      low and variable (6%-38% of the dose) between subjects. Kinetics of imipenem in
      plasma are less variable, and the half-life of imipenem in plasma is 1 hr. When
      imipenem is coadministered with an equal amount of cilastatin, the amount of
      imipenem excreted in the urine represents 70% of the plasma clearance and the
      plasma half-life remains at 1 hr. Whether administered alone or with imipenem,
      the urinary excretion of cilastatin is 70%-80% of the dose administered, and its
      plasma half-life is also 1 hr. Thus, the pharmacokinetics of both agents are
      linear across the therapeutic dose range, and no accumulation of these agents
      occurs for therapeutic regimens. Decreases in renal function slow the elimination
      of both compounds and require a reduction in dosage when the glomerular
      filtration rate is less than 30 ml/min per 1.73 m2.

PMID- 3863220
TI  - Imipenem/cilastatin: rationale for a fixed combination.
AB  - Imipenem is renally metabolized to the stable open-lactam metabolite by a
      dipeptidase, dehydropeptidase I, located at the lumenal surface of the proximal
      tubular cells. In humans the degree of hydrolysis shows marked intersubject
      variability but minimal intrasubject variability. In healthy subjects the urinary
      recovery of unchanged imipenem ranged from 5.5% to 42.5% of the dose. Cilastatin
      inhibits the metabolism of imipenem and increases the urinary recovery of active
      imipenem to about 70% of the dose when a combination of imipenem and cilastatin
      in a 1:1 ratio is used. In healthy volunteers, the pharmacokinetics of imipenem
      and cilastatin are similar, but in patients with renal impairment, cilastatin is
      eliminated more slowly than imipenem. Both compounds have a high degree of
      safety. However, very high doses of imipenem induce tubular toxicity in rabbits.
      That effect can be blocked by using a combination of imipenem and cilastatin. The
      use of a fixed combination of imipenem and cilastatin is motivated by the
      increases in urinary recovery of imipenem with the combination and by the
      elimination of the nephrotoxic potential associated with the administration of
      imipenem alone.

PMID- 3863221
TI  - [Alveolar proteinosis associated with chronic myeloid leukemia].
AB  - The association of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with hematologic malignancy is
      well known. The prognosis, in this peculiar setting, is poor. Yet, few patients
      have been treated in due time. We report a case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
      associated with chronic granulocytic leukemia. The evolution was fatal in spite
      of intensive treatment.

PMID- 3863222
TI  - New horizons in cancer research.

PMID- 3863223
TI  - The human tumor colony forming assay: review and clinical applications.

PMID- 3863224
TI  - Disclosure of information concerning chemical hazards in Rhode Island.

PMID- 3863225
TI  - Surgical neurectomy for the treatment of resistant painful heel.

PMID- 3863226
TI  - Hemoperitoneum associated with gallbladder rupture.

PMID- 3863227
TI  - Metastatic malignant melanoma in the mandible. Site is a rare one for the spread
      of this tumor.

PMID- 3863228
TI  - Standard T-tube cholangiogram: a safe method of cholangiography. Bacteremia is an
      unlikely event after T-tube cholangiography.

PMID- 3863229
TI  - Duodenogastric reflux in patients with upper abdominal complaints or gastric
      ulcer with particular reference to reflux-associated gastritis.
AB  - The aim of this survey was to examine the incidence of duodenogastric reflux in
      patients with abdominal complaints and the relations between the nature and
      extent of reflux abdominal complaints, the use of drugs, smoking, the drinking of
      coffee and alcohol and histological changes in the gastric mucosa. A comparison
      was also made between gastric ulcer patients and patients with upper abdominal
      complaints with respect to the nature and extent of reflux. The patients examined
      included 107 with abdominal complaints and 33 with a gastric ulcer. Gastroscopy
      was performed, followed by determination of intragastric bile acids and
      lysolecithin and a duodenogastric isotope reflux examination using technetium-99m
      diethyliminodiacetic acid (Tc-99m HIDA). Intragastric bile acid concentrations in
      the patients with upper abdominal complaints were in the range 7-21,458 mumol/l
      (mean 964 +/- 2342 mumol/l) and lysolecithin concentrations in the range 0-1992
      mumol/l (mean 70 +/- 273 mumol/l). Isotope reflux was observed in 48% of the
      patients, the reflux index varying in the range 0-70% (mean 4 +/- 9%). The
      patients suffered more frequently from nausea, epigastric fullness and flatulence
      with increasing reflux, as assessed by the various methods used here, but only
      the increase in epigastric fullness symptoms with rising intragastric bile acid
      concentrations was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Similarly the
      various measures of reflux were higher in those patients taking anticholinergic,
      psychotherapeutic or cardiovascular drugs, antacids or metoclopramide than in the
      patients not taking the respective drugs, although the only statistically
      significant increases were in intragastric bile acids among the users of antacids
      and metoclopramide (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively) and the
      increase in lysolecithin concentrations among those taking metoclopramide (p less
      than 0.05). Those abstaining from alcohol had an intragastric bile acid
      concentration over 1000 mumol/l significantly more often than those who drank
      alcohol (p less than 0.05), but smoking and the drinking of coffee showed no
      significant correlation with duodenogastric reflux. The body gastritis score
      increased significantly with the extent of isotope reflux and the concentrations
      of intragastric bile acids (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively),
      and the latter also showed a significant correlation with serum gastrin (p less
      than 0.05). No significant relationship could be detected between intragastric
      lysolecithin concentrations and the gastritis score.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3863230
TI  - Hand-mirror cell blast-crisis of chronic myelogenous leukaemia.

PMID- 3863231
TI  - Survival in 222 adult patients with acute leukaemia treated with intermittent
      combination chemotherapy programme.
AB  - 222 patients aged 15-59 years with acute leukaemia were treated with intermittent
      combination chemotherapy consisting of six 5-day courses of cytotoxic drugs as
      induction treatment followed by 3 years of maintenance therapy in patients who
      obtained complete remission (CR). CR was achieved in 50.3% of 161 patients (early
      deaths included) with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). The observed cumulative
      5-yr survival rate (observation time 1-12.25 yr) calculated by the life table
      method was 12% in AML. Among patients who obtained CR, those aged 40-59 yr
      appeared to fare better than younger patients (5-yr survival: 24%). The M-3
      subtype was an adverse prognostic factor. In acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
      the CR rate was 83.6% and the observed cumulative 5-yr survival rate was 14%.
      Women fared better than men.

PMID- 3863232
TI  - Maturation changes in relapsing acute myeloid leukaemia.
AB  - Smears of peripheral blood and bone marrow from 17 patients with acute myeloid
      leukaemia in relapse were compared with smears made at presentation. We found a
      change of more than 10 in Maturation Index (MI) in the bone marrow smears of 14
      out of 17 patients (82%). Decreases and increases were equally represented. In 5
      cases the changes caused assignment to another FAB-group.

PMID- 3863233
TI  - Acute lymphocytic leukaemia with t(4;11): a clinical subentity.
AB  - 5 cases of ALL are reported with a t(4;11) chromosomal rearrangement, and 31
      cases, investigated before therapy, are reviewed. The (4;11) translocation
      characterizes a subentity of ALL having the following main features, as compared
      with ALL in general: 1) Excessively poor prognosis, with a median survival of 6
      months despite high remission rates. 2) Low median age of 10 months in children.
      3) CNS involvement apparently occurs more frequently. 4) Median WBC is 12 times
      higher in adults and children, median per cent of blasts in blood 1.5 times
      higher in adults and 1.8 times higher in children. 5) Splenomegaly is present
      more frequently. 6) Surface markers are non-B, non-T. The incidence of t(4;11) in
      ALL varies greatly in the series published so far, from 0.04% to 12%.

PMID- 3863234
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid ferritin in patients with leukaemia and malignant lymphoma.
AB  - To evaluate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ferritin could be of diagnostic
      value in haematological malignancies with central nervous system (CNS)
      involvement, the ferritin concentration was measured in 21 patients with acute
      leukaemia and lymphoma. Of the 17 patients without CNS involvement, 16 had CSF
      ferritin values in the normal range (2-7 micrograms/l); 1 patient had an elevated
      value, probably due to blood contamination in connection with a very high serum
      ferritin level. 4 patients had tumour invasion of the CNS indicated by the
      presence of blastic cells in the CSF; CSF ferritin levels in these patients were
      likewise in the normal range. There was no difference between CSF ferritin values
      in patients with and without CNS involvement. With the present assay, measurement
      of CSF ferritin appears to be irrelevant in the evaluation of CNS invasion in
      haematological malignancies.

PMID- 3863235
TI  - Plasma fibronectin in acute myeloid leukaemia.
AB  - In 13 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), plasma fibronectin (P-FN) was
      measured before, during and after chemotherapy. Pre-treatment concentrations of P
      FN were within the reference range and significantly higher than the nadir value
      (p less than 0.05). A rise in body temperature by more than 1 degree C induced a
      significant fall in P-FN (p less than 0.05) and transfusion with freshly drawn
      blood products could prevent this fall. P-FN concentrations were significantly
      higher in patients obtaining complete haematological remission than in patients
      in whom remission could not be induced (p less than 0.001). This difference could
      not be attributed to transfusion or febrile episodes.

PMID- 3863236
TI  - Bone marrow response to chemotherapy in acute lymphocytic leukaemia and acute non
      lymphocytic leukaemia.
AB  - Histopathologic changes in core bone marrow biopsies were reviewed in 33 patients
      with acute leukaemia during chemotherapy to compare the changes in acute
      lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) with acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL).
      Cellular, stromal, and bony changes were evaluated with regard to diagnosis and
      time of biopsy from initiation of chemotherapy. A significant difference was
      noted in the plasma cell response. Plasmacytosis was present in 19/19 cases of
      ANLL, but in only 2/14 cases of ALL. Cellular depletion was also significantly
      less frequent in ALL. Other stromal changes such as haemorrhage, dilatation of
      sinusoids and fat regeneration, as well as osteoblastic bone activity occurred
      with similar frequencies in all cases of treated acute leukaemia. Fibrosis,
      necrosis, and serous atrophy were uncommon. Differing chemotherapeutic regimens
      and differing patient ages were both correlated with the plasma cell response,
      but not with the difference in cellular depletion.

PMID- 3863237
TI  - Effect of iron supplementation to women with iron deficiency.

PMID- 3863238
TI  - Iron status of 38-year-old women in Gothenburg, Sweden.

PMID- 3863239
TI  - Diagnosis of iron deficiency.

PMID- 3863240
TI  - The relative importance of various laboratory measurements in the diagnosis of
      iron deficiency.

PMID- 3863241
TI  - Sideroblast count and examination of bone marrow reticuloendothelial iron in the
      diagnosis of iron deficiency.

PMID- 3863242
TI  - Serum ferritin concentration compared to other iron-store variables in the
      diagnosis of iron deficiency.

PMID- 3863243
TI  - Prognostic factors and diagnostic criteria in early rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The purpose of the present undertaking was to investigate prognosis of patients
      with non-specific or rheumatoid arthritis and to study the value of different
      diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at the beginning of the
      disease. During the years 1973-75, a total of 442 patients with recent (less than
      or equal to 6 months) arthritis were studied at the Rheumatism Foundation
      Hospital, Heinola, Finland. In 1982 the outcome of the 200 patients with the
      diagnosis of RA or non-specific arthritis was established. Their ages at the time
      of the first hospitalization were 16-77 years, mean 41. There were 63 men and 137
      women. The follow-up period was 6-9 years, mean 7.6. The outcome was measured by
      joint score, function score, the sum of ESR and CRP, X-ray index, outcome index,
      which was composed of the preceding ones, ESR, and CRP. The outcome was poor in
      half of the patients. Ninety-eight signs and symptoms registered at the first
      hospitalization were compared with the seven facets of outcome using Pearson's
      correlation coefficient r. The significances of the correlation coefficients were
      tested by Student's t-test. From 10 to 39 variables correlated highly
      significantly (p less than 0.001) with the measures of outcome; however, most of
      the variables had only moderate correlations. At best 14 variables showed 0.40
      less than r less than 0.58 when correlated with the outcome index. In conclusion,
      at the onset of an arthritic disease symmetrical polyarthritis in peripheral
      joints, serum rheumatoid factor, X-ray changes, morning stiffness, high ESR, and
      old age correlated best with a destructive joint disease. Plasma proteins as
      indices of non-specific inflammation mattered less. The relationships between 22
      entry variables and the seven facets of prognosis were further evaluated by means
      of stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results were essentially the same
      as reached above. One or two variables, most often the number of diseased
      peripheral joints and serum Waaler-Rose test, always explained the variance
      better than the number of ARA criteria alone. To study the value of the
      diagnostic criteria, diagnosis of the patients was made in the following three
      ways: RA with five or more erosive joints (N = 78), RF-positive and erosive RA (N
      = 93), RF-positive and nonerosive or RF-negative and erosive RA (N = 125). The
      patients outside each of the diagnostic groups formed the corresponding control
      groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3863244
TI  - [Recognition and significance of hybrid granulocytes in chronic myeloid
      leukemia].
AB  - The demonstration and frequency of mixed granulated, hybrid leukocytes in chronic
      myeloid leukemia are reported. The cells exhibit basophilic granules, and, in
      addition, variable quantities of eosinophilic and/or azurophilic (chloroesterase
      positive) granules. The existence of further subtypes of granules in these cells,
      such as neutrophilic or tissue mast cell granules, cannot be excluded thus far.
      All cases under investigation showed such cells, though in varying frequency.
      Quality and quantities of the granule population in these cells differed
      considerably. This is interpreted as an expression of tumor cell heterogeneity,
      which represents a general criterion of malignant neoplasias. The cells under
      discussion may be termed hybrid or chimeric, since they are characterized by the
      co-expression in the same cells of markers (granules) normally subject to lineage
      specificity. Therefore, the cells represent the phenomenon of "lineage
      infidelity". Thus far, "lineage infidelity" has been found only with blast cell
      leukemias, but applies also to chronic myeloid leukemias, as our results show.
      The occurrence of "lineage infidelity" in segmented end stage cells expresses
      grave irreversible genetic disturbances of the differentiation program in the
      progenitors of the hybrid leukocytes.

PMID- 3863245
TI  - [Septicemia caused by Branhamella (Neisseria) catarrhalis in an immunosuppressed
      patient].
AB  - A case is reported of Branhamella catarrhalis septicemia occurring during the
      aplastic phase of treatment for acute myeloblastic leukemia. Skin lesions were
      observed which are ordinarily seen in chronic gonococcal or meningococcal
      septicemia. The pathogenic role of this agent, which is normally considered
      nonaggressive, is discussed.

PMID- 3863247
TI  - [AIDS--acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, its importance for the dentist].

PMID- 3863246
TI  - [New conceptual aspects in the diagnosis of fibro-osseous lesions of the
      maxillofacial skeleton. I. The development of the idea and the conceptual
      changes].

PMID- 3863248
TI  - Antagonistic muscle stiffness and associated reflex behaviour in the pain
      dysfunctional state.

PMID- 3863249
TI  - Factors related to selecting a family practice residency.

PMID- 3863250
TI  - Anesthesia and surgery during pregnancy.

PMID- 3863251
TI  - Family Practice Residency survey.

PMID- 3863252
TI  - Genetic "engineering"?

PMID- 3863253
TI  - Gene synthesis machines: DNA chemistry and its uses.
AB  - Deoxyoligonucleotides can now be synthesized rapidly and in high yield because of
      recent advances in nucleic acid chemistry. Key innovations include solid-phase
      synthesis on silica-based supports and the development of stable deoxynucleoside
      phosphoramidites as synthons. When incorporated into manual, semiautomatic, or
      automatic instruments, these new procedures can be used to prepare probes, mixed
      probes, deoxyoligonucleotides for priming DNA synthesis, analogues of
      deoxyoligonucleotides, and DNA segments containing more than 100
      deoxynucleotides.

PMID- 3863254
TI  - Gene therapy guidelines approved.

PMID- 3863255
TI  - Masticatory ability in patients with removable dentures. A clinical study of
      masticatory efficiency, subjective experience of masticatory performance and
      dietary intake.
AB  - One of the functions of the masticatory system is to grind the food, salivate and
      prepare it for swallowing. Individuals who have lost many teeth or wear removable
      dentures, both complete and partial, find it more difficult to grind food i.e.
      they suffer from impaired masticatory efficiency (ME). Some of these subjects
      have to avoid food-stuffs which are hard and difficult to chew. This could
      influence the social well-being and may eventually lead to an increased risk of
      malnutrition. Many different methods have been used to evaluate ME. In most of
      them the degree to which the masticated food or test material was broken down was
      measured by fractionating the particles in a sieve system. However, one of the
      purposes of chewing the food is to enlarge the surface area to be exposed to the
      digestive juices. A few authors have applied this idea and have calculated ME
      using the summarized area of the masticated test material. This is
      physiologically a more correct method. ME was investigated in 19 complete denture
      wearers who were fitted with new dentures. The subjects were tested twice with
      the old dentures and 5 times with the new ones. The last test took place about 18
      months after insertion of the new dentures. The test material was gelatin
      hardened with formalin. The breakdown of test material was calculated by
      fractionating it in a sieve system. ME was also evaluated in two other groups, 43
      complete denture wearers, who were in need of new dentures, and 19 subjects who
      were in need of RPDs in the lower jaw. In these two studies ME was evaluated in
      two ways. Firstly the summarized area of masticated gelatin particles was
      calculated and used as a measure of ME. Secondly almonds were used as test
      material and the breakdown was calculated by fractionating in a sieve system. The
      subjects were tested on three occasions, before prosthetic treatment and about
      one and four months after insertion of the dentures. On the first and last
      occasions the subjective experience of masticatory performance was assessed as
      well as the dietary intake. The results revealed no systematic change in ME when
      the 19 subjects were fitted with new complete dentures and when the breakdown of
      the test material was evaluated by fractionating it in a sieve system.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3863256
TI  - [Autogenic anti-idiotypic suppression of autoimmune reactions--a new approach to
      immunotherapy of experimental leukemia].
AB  - Experimental Rauscher's virus erythroleukemia (RVE) was employed to study the
      immunologic mechanisms by which leukemia develops. Experiments were performed on
      inbred mice, genetically opposite to the disease induction, namely on highly
      sensitive BALB/c, resistant C57BL/6 and moderately sensitive BDFI animals. It is
      shown that RVE resistance is an immunologic phenomenon that results from the
      functioning of the antileukemic immune defence (ALID) aimed against the tumor
      specific antigenic complex. Suppression of the ALID stems from autosuppression of
      the H-2 complex of the histocompatibility antigen system of T suppressors, which
      leads to the development of the onco-specific complex of autoimmune responses
      (OSCAR) and to the obligate development of RVE. The recovery of the ALID with
      OSCAR suppression and RVE regression is a consequence of the development of
      strictly specific antiidiotypic immune responses (antibodies AIT-anti-OSCAR). It
      is demonstrated that both passive administration of AIT-anti-OSCAR and induction
      of their active synthesis brings about a remission of RVE.

PMID- 3863257
TI  - [Familial myeloproliferative syndrome (study of 4 families and review of the
      literature)].
AB  - The authors describe 4 families whose members showed myeloproliferative diseases.
      In one of the families, polycythemia vera (PV) was seen in twin brother and
      sister, in the other one, chronic myeloleukemia (CML) afflicted both daughter and
      mother, and in the two remaining families PV and CML afflicted two brothers and
      mother and daughter, respectively. It was established that neutrophil phosphatase
      activity was lowered not only in the afflicted brother but also in healthy
      members of the third family. Based on the reported and their own data the authors
      arrive at the conclusion that familial myeloproliferative diseases occur in rare
      cases. In all the cases of familial myeloproliferative diseases, the transmission
      of the illness by heredity was discovered to be impossible. It was also
      ascertained that transmitted by heredity are only those cell deficiencies of the
      tissues that later on will be afflicted by leukemia or will develop
      immunodeficiency manifested by increased mutation of the myelopoietic cells (DNA
      repair deficiencies) or by inability to eliminate the leukemic cells.

PMID- 3863258
TI  - [Progress in the chemotherapy of malignant tumors].

PMID- 3863259
TI  - Thrombotic complications during L-asparaginase related to protein C deficiency?

PMID- 3863260
TI  - [Bulimia].

PMID- 3863261
TI  - Histocompatibility antigens in essential hypertension and myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3863262
TI  - A monoclonal antibody (GF 22.1) detecting different patterns of HLA class I cross
      reactivities at different dilutions.
AB  - A murine cytotoxic monoclonal antibody (GF 22.1) was produced by Balb/c
      immunization with GRA human lymphoblastoid cells. HLA-A, B and C blanketing and
      SDS-PAGE analysis of the immunoprecipitate demonstrated MHC class I structures as
      the targets. Cytotoxic assays were performed with peripheral blood lymphocytes
      from 84 unrelated donors and from members of 15 families at different antibody
      dilutions. Statistical analysis was performed by Fisher test on each dilution
      separately and by Mann-Whitney U test on the dilutions taken all together. The
      data suggest the detection of a cross-reacting group (B15, A32, B17, B40/w41 and
      B21) with high affinity and the inclusion of other antigens (B12, B35, A2, B13,
      A11 and A24) with a lower affinity.

PMID- 3863263
TI  - A new DQw1 associated antigen: HLA-DR'Br'.
AB  - A new DQw1 associated antigen, HLA-DR'Br', has been identified in three Caucasoid
      families. DR'Br' shows strong association with both class I and class III gene
      products but cannot be reliably defined in the presence of DR1, DR2, DRw6 or
      DRw10.

PMID- 3863264
TI  - Vascular responsiveness of isolated, perfused basilar arteries in dogs and
      monkeys.
AB  - A new model of isolated basilar arterial preparation was developed in the dog and
      monkey. Isolated arteries were perfused at a constant flow rate with Krebs
      solution and suspended in a bath at 37 degrees C. By inserting the steel cannula
      into the artery, the space between the luminal wall of the artery and the cannula
      was narrowed enough to obtain a suitable perfusion pressure during the perfusion.
      The resting perfusion pressure was maintained at a constant level of 50-100 mmHg.
      The drug solution was intraluminally administered, and the response was obtained
      as changes in the perfusion pressure. Responses to 6 vasoactive substances
      (norepinephrine, 5-HT, PGF2 alpha, histamine, ATP and KCl) were compared between
      simian and canine basilar arteries. It was demonstrated that in simian arteries,
      PGF2 alpha was the strongest but 5-HT and norepinephrine induced slight
      vasoconstriction to the same degree, and in canine basilar arteries, 5-HT induced
      the strongest constriction but norepinephrine did not produce significant
      vasoconstriction, and KCl induced marked constriction to the same degree at
      extremely large doses in both species. It was demonstrated that the cannula
      inserting method is useful to observe the responses of isolated basilar arteries.

PMID- 3863265
TI  - [Method for research on the orbicular muscle of the mouth under dynamic and
      static loads].

PMID- 3863266
TI  - [Bacteriocinogen typing of Lactobacillus cultures isolated from the saliva of
      healthy persons as well as from those suffering from dental caries and
      periodontal diseases].

PMID- 3863267
TI  - [Infrared spectra of the bone tissue in experimentally reproduced diseases of the
      periodontium].

PMID- 3863268
TI  - [Protein buffer in human mixed saliva].

PMID- 3863269
TI  - [Assessment of the effectiveness of dental prophylaxis for pregnant women].

PMID- 3863270
TI  - [Effectiveness of dental caries prevention when a fluorine deficiency is
      present].

PMID- 3863271
TI  - [Hydrolytic enzyme activity in the mixed saliva of patients with chronic
      recurrent aphthous stomatitis].

PMID- 3863272
TI  - [Changes in the body reactivity of patients with chronic recurrent aphthous
      stomatitis using different treatment methods].

PMID- 3863273
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of chlorhexidine bigluconate in the combined
      treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases].

PMID- 3863274
TI  - [Immunological status in periodontal diseases combined with gastric and duodenal
      peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3863275
TI  - [Comparative information value of clinico-laboratory indices in periodontitis].

PMID- 3863276
TI  - [Treatment of mandibular fractures with a wire splint reinforced by a fast
      hardening plastic].

PMID- 3863277
TI  - [Treatment of mandibular fractures using hyperbaric oxygenation].

PMID- 3863278
TI  - [Clinical x-ray characteristics of the healing of mandibular fractures following
      the use of helium-neon laser radiation].

PMID- 3863279
TI  - [Natural immunity indices of mandibular fracture patients].

PMID- 3863280
TI  - [Bone perforation and intraosseous lavage in treating acute osteomyelitis of the
      mandible].

PMID- 3863281
TI  - [Hemosorption in the combined therapy of suppurative-septic processes of the
      maxillofacial area].

PMID- 3863282
TI  - [Dynamics of the blood biochemical indices in patients with odontogenic abscesses
      and phlegmons].

PMID- 3863283
TI  - [Regional intra-arterial administration of drugs in the prevention and combined
      therapy of inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial area].

PMID- 3863284
TI  - [Results of the combined and radiation treatments of patients with cancer of the
      oral mucosa and lower lip].

PMID- 3863285
TI  - [Body reaction to microbial actions in phlegmons of the maxillofacial area].

PMID- 3863286
TI  - [Use of helium-neon laser radiation in treating patients with an acute
      inflammatory process of the maxillofacial area].

PMID- 3863287
TI  - [Surgical treatment of disseminated cancer of the buccal mucosa and mandibular
      alveolar process].

PMID- 3863288
TI  - [Embryological prerequisites for the pathogenesis of congenital cleft lip].

PMID- 3863289
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors and the means for their
      elimination].

PMID- 3863290
TI  - [Indications for the replacement of dentition defects based on
      rheoperiodontographic data].

PMID- 3863291
TI  - [Hemodynamics of the periodontium under a varying physical load].

PMID- 3863292
TI  - [Effect of polyurethane as a base material on the oral mucosa and the biochemical
      properties of the saliva].

PMID- 3863293
TI  - [Experience in performing 1200 anesthesias on children and adults in outpatient
      dental practice].

PMID- 3863294
TI  - [Clinico-microbiological changes in the oral cavity in chronic hepatitis in
      children].

PMID- 3863295
TI  - [Organization of dental hygiene care for children with central nervous system
      diseases in outpatient practice].

PMID- 3863296
TI  - [Morphological characteristics of the maxillodental system of children 4 to 6
      years old with open bite].

PMID- 3863297
TI  - [Experience in using dioxidine for treating the operating field in the oral
      cavity before surgical interventions].

PMID- 3863298
TI  - [Treatment of a cavernous hemangioma of the tongue by the prolonged
      administration of a sclerosing solution via the lingual artery].

PMID- 3863299
TI  - [Devices for performing electrophoresis on children following
      uranostaphyloplasty].

PMID- 3863300
TI  - [Volumetric blood flow and capillary permeability in a spontaneous periodontal
      lesion (experimental research)].

PMID- 3863301
TI  - [Salivary protein fractions of Sjogren's syndrome patients].

PMID- 3863302
TI  - [Protein metabolic indices of the bones and teeth of rats kept under the
      conditions of phosphorus manufacture].

PMID- 3863303
TI  - [Determination of the residual force of the periodontium in relation to the angle
      of tooth inclination].

PMID- 3863304
TI  - [Morphological changes in the mandibular nerve after increasing the height of the
      bite on the lateral teeth].

PMID- 3863305
TI  - [Local immunity in caries and its complications in somatically healthy persons].

PMID- 3863306
TI  - [Lipid metabolic disorders in the pathogenesis of glossalgia].

PMID- 3863307
TI  - [Stomatalgia syndrome in patients with the hypochondriac form of schizophrenia].

PMID- 3863308
TI  - [Facial pain in arachnoiditis of the posterior cranial fossa].

PMID- 3863309
TI  - [Cellular and humoral immunity factors in patients with odontogenic osteomyelitis
      of the mandible].

PMID- 3863310
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the treatment of patients with acute suppurative
      diseases of the perimaxillary tissues using laser radiation].

PMID- 3863311
TI  - [Oxygen regimen and local volumetric blood flow of the skin during the treatment
      of perimaxillary phlegmon using hyperbaric oxygenation].

PMID- 3863312
TI  - [Use of standard dental splints for treating patients with mandibular fractures].

PMID- 3863313
TI  - [Characteristics of the topical diagnosis of foreign bodies in the infratemporal
      fossa and temporal area].

PMID- 3863314
TI  - [Use of auricular acupuncture reflexotherapy in treating Sjogren's disease].

PMID- 3863315
TI  - [Use of stereoteleroentgenography for the diagnosis of maxillodental anomalies
      and deformities].

PMID- 3863316
TI  - [Use of Cyadent composite for the temporary protection of prepared teeth].

PMID- 3863317
TI  - [Morphofunctional condition of the maxillodental system of preschoolers with a
      deep prognathic bite].

PMID- 3863318
TI  - [Medicogenetic counseling of children with congenital cleft lip and palate--the
      prevention of congenital pathology].

PMID- 3863319
TI  - [Clinical forms of amelogenesis imperfecta].

PMID- 3863320
TI  - [Stages in the development of dental outpatient care for children in a large
      city].

PMID- 3863322
TI  - [Results of an 8-year systematic dental hygiene program for children and
      adolescents dependent on a mobile health unit].

PMID- 3863321
TI  - [Pathological changes in the dental pulp and dentin of experimental animals as
      affected by radiant energy].

PMID- 3863323
TI  - [Clinical exfoliative-cytological appearance of the gingiva after abstaining from
      and administering toothbrush stimulation. Mechanical plaque elimination without a
      toothbrush as a model for clinically controlled tests].

PMID- 3863325
TI  - [Problems of the retro-maxillary abscesses].

PMID- 3863324
TI  - [Correlation between tooth crowding and selected dental indices].

PMID- 3863326
TI  - [Estrogen receptor status in patients with oral mucosa carcinoma (a brief
      report)].

PMID- 3863327
TI  - [Plastic surgery of the mouth floor from a current viewpoint].

PMID- 3863328
TI  - [Factor registration as a prerequisite for therapy of S-sound articulation
      disorders].

PMID- 3863329
TI  - [Results of sociological studies of dental health knowledge and health behavior
      of a population in a large metropolitan area of new building sites].

PMID- 3863330
TI  - [Root canal filling and its significance for outcome evaluation in dentistry].

PMID- 3863331
TI  - [Problems of recurrences after surgical treatment of the epulides].

PMID- 3863332
TI  - [Initial experiences with a modified method of obtaining transplants in
      vestibuloplasty].

PMID- 3863333
TI  - [Regional changes in the chemical composition of the mandible after tongue
      reduction. 3: Phosphorus, calcium and nitrogen distribution in the cortex of the
      mandible].

PMID- 3863334
TI  - [Effect of birth weight on the frequency of dysgnathia].

PMID- 3863335
TI  - [Radiation dosage in patients undergoing dental radiographic examinations].

PMID- 3863336
TI  - [Severe submergence of a deciduous molar--an interesting case].

PMID- 3863337
TI  - Rayner lecture 1984. Sophistication in intraocular lens surgery.

PMID- 3863338
TI  - Histological findings in angulated posterior chamber lenses.
AB  - The histological observations of 6 cadaver eyes containing a SIMCOE posterior
      chamber lens are reported. Reduction of loop diameter 10 months after
      implantation is demonstrated. The cellular response of the local tissue is
      demonstrated with and without the loop contact. In long term follow up the loop
      support in the sulcus rim was seen to lead to a canal formation within the
      ciliary body. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a compact cover around the
      peripheral end of the loops which showed tight contact to the synthetic material.

PMID- 3863339
TI  - Scanning electron microscope study on the biodegradation of IOL and suturing
      materials.
AB  - The biodegradation of the IOLs (27 cases: mainly prepupillary lens with pupillary
      fixation, irido-capsular and angle supported lens and a J loop lens for posterior
      chamber lens) and suturing materials of four cases have been studied by Scanning
      Electron Microscope (SEM). The longest duration in the eye was 7.5 years and the
      shortest 0.3 year. The materials used for optics were PMMA with the exception of
      one case of glass. The materials for haptics were Nylon 6, Isot.PP, PMMA, PVDF,
      Polyimid and Pt-Ir. The suturing materials were Nylon 6 and Isot.PP. Nylon 6
      degraded in the eye and Isot.PP degraded in the corneal tissue. But no
      biodegradation was observed in Isot.PP, PMMA, PVDF and Pt-Ir in the eye. In our
      investigations, biodegradation has some relationship to age (over 50 years old),
      duration (within 7.5 years) and inflammation of the eye, but ultimately
      biodegradation will depend on the individual situation. Degradation occurs most
      easily in the curved portion of Nylon 6.

PMID- 3863340
TI  - Damage to the corneal endothelium by Q-switched Nd:YAG laser posterior
      capsulotomy.
AB  - Clinical specular microscopy of the corneal endothelium of eyes immediately
      before and after Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy revealed apparent endothelial
      damage. Comparative specular and scanning electron microscopical studies in
      rabbits showed extensive cell destruction, and clinical observations indicated
      'healing' of the lesions by extensions from neighbouring cells. Possible causes
      of the damage are discussed.

PMID- 3863341
TI  - Complications of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.
AB  - A number of ocular complications are seen to be associated with the use of Nd:YAG
      laser for posterior capsulotomy after cataract surgery. We have outlined possible
      hazards to the cornea, trabecular meshwork, vitreous and intraocular lenses and
      have discussed their consequences. It would appear that the degree of severity of
      complications is related to the pulse energy used upon the capsule.

PMID- 3863342
TI  - Management of the posterior capsule before and after the YAG laser.
AB  - A retrospective chart review of 2,514 consecutive posterior chamber implants was
      carried out to assess the management of the posterior capsule when vision loss
      dictated intervention. The capsulotomy technique used between May 1977 and March
      1983 was pars plana posterior capsulotomy (227 eyes). All posterior capsulotomies
      performed after April 1, 1983 were with the YAG laser (342 eyes). Comparison of
      the complications with the two methods showed considerable differences. Anterior
      segment problems appear greater following YAG laser posterior capsulotomy than
      pars plana posterior capsulotomy, whereas posterior segment complications appear
      similar in both techniques. Comparison of CME following both techniques indicates
      that a delay of 6 months or more between cataract surgery and posterior
      capsulotomy is advisable.

PMID- 3863343
TI  - Follow-up of 439 Federov Mark I lenses implanted after ICCE, with rationale for
      change and comparative results at one year.
AB  - This paper presents the sight threatening complications at one year (439 eyes),
      four years (320 eyes) and seven years (106 eyes) following ICCE with Federov Mark
      I lens implantation, together with my rationale for change to the Choyce Mk IX
      following ICCE and the Pearce Equilimb lens following ECCE. The problems with the
      Federov Mark I lens relate: (i) to its design, needing a widely open section for
      insertion; (ii) iris support which provides mobile fixation with potential for
      macular oedema, retinal detachment, corneal touch and decompensation and eventual
      iris disintegration with lens dislocation. The complications at one year are then
      compared with those using 176 Choyce Mk IX and 113 Pearce Equilimb lenses.

PMID- 3863344
TI  - Discussion of factors responsible for retinal detachments and other late
      complications after intraocular lens implantation.
AB  - A comparison of the incidence of the major postoperative complications of lens
      implant surgery with those of simple intracapsular cataract surgery shows that
      eyes implanted with pupil supported lenses fare the same or worse as those
      submitted to extraction alone, whilst eyes implanted with true posterior chamber
      lenses after extracapsular surgery do better in all observed respects.

PMID- 3863345
TI  - Manipulation of the iris in extracapsular lens extraction.
AB  - Successful extracapsular cataract surgery depends on adequate mydriasis, which
      will facilitate the anterior capsulotomy and provide a full field of view
      throughout the operation. The surgeon, especially the neophyte, must recognise
      which irises may present a difficulty in establishing, maintaining, and reversing
      mydriasis, with or without the introduction of an intraocular lens. The author
      describes the preliminary assessment of the iris for disease, previous iris
      surgery, ease of dilatation, and the place of primary iridectomy. Topical and
      subconjunctival preoperative mydriatics are assessed, and a practical account of
      the pharmacological, mechanical, and surgical means of maintaining intra
      operative mydriasis is given. The indication for iridectomy in extracapsular lens
      extraction with or without an intraocular lens is reviewed, and the postoperative
      manipulation of the iris is described with reference to the problems caused by
      rebound mydriasis.

PMID- 3863346
TI  - Results of implantation in the capsular bag. A short term review of 1,588 cases.

PMID- 3863347
TI  - Preexisting primary glaucoma and intraocular lenses.
AB  - Intraocular lens implantation into cataractous eyes that also suffer from primary
      glaucoma is a rewarding procedure. The need for an IOL in these eyes is even
      stronger than in otherwise healthy cataractous eyes. With prepupillary IOLs there
      was a strong reason first to control surgically intraocular pressure prior to
      cataract surgery with IOL implantation. The advent of retropupillary IOLs has
      dramatically changed this attitude. Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and
      the use of an all-in-the-bag retropupillary IOL is the method of choice.
      Postoperative medical treatment remains possible as does surgical treatment for
      the glaucoma. The procedure is suitable for open-angle glaucoma as well as for
      narrow-angle glaucoma.

PMID- 3863349
TI  - Lens implantation combined with trabeculectomy.
AB  - The results in seventeen cases of combined trabeculectomy and posterior lens
      implantation after extracapsular surgery are presented with a follow-up of three
      to 17 months. The mean reduction of intraocular pressure was 13 mmHg. There was
      no relationship between the histological localisation of the filter site and the
      effectiveness of the operation. As the postoperative inflammation is increased as
      compared to simple lens implantations, a combined operation is only indicated
      where no alternative to a filtering operation is possible. The use of an iris
      suture after iridotomy will prevent a later retraction of the iridectomy limbs.

PMID- 3863348
TI  - Trabeculectomy, cataract extraction and intra-ocular lens implantation.
AB  - Seventeen cases of open-angle glaucoma requiring cataract extraction underwent
      intracapsular cataract extraction, trabeculectomy posterior to the scleral spur,
      and MK9 intraocular lens insertion. Approximately 50 per cent of the patients
      achieved intraocular pressures of 18 mm Hg or less without medication two years
      later. Though implantation reduces the surgical success of the combined
      operation, it is safe, easy to perform and does not worsen pre-operative levels
      of intraocular pressure and/or control.

PMID- 3863350
TI  - Early clinical experience with elastic lens implants.

PMID- 3863351
TI  - The control of aniseikonia after intraocular lens implantation.
AB  - This paper reports a study of postoperative refraction and eikonometry of 50
      patients who had unilateral cataract extraction with implantation of a pupil
      supported intraocular lens. The mean postoperative aniseikonia (+/- SD) was 1.97
      (+/- 1.82). A statistically significant relationship was shown between
      anisometropia and aniseikonia. Despite aniseikonia of up to 7.8 per cent there
      were no diplopia problems as the visual system exhibits a high degree of
      tolerance. It is concluded that aniseikonia can be controlled to within
      clinically acceptable limits by the simple calculation of intraocular lens power
      for isometropia.

PMID- 3863352
TI  - Capsular fixated posterior chamber lenses in high myopia.

PMID- 3863353
TI  - Chloroquine stripping of HLA A,B antigens from red cells.

PMID- 3863355
TI  - Osteogenic osteosarcoma of the calvaria following radiotherapy for cerebellar
      astrocytoma: report of a case in childhood.
AB  - Sarcoma as a second malignant neoplasm following radiotherapy is a rare
      occurrence in childhood. A case of osteogenic osteosarcoma of temporoparietal
      bone that developed 56 months after irradiation for a cerebellar astrocytoma in a
      10-year-old child is reported and the pertinent literature is briefly reviewed.
      The possibility of an association (in the same patient) between these two rather
      uncommon lesions is extremely unlikely. Therefore, it is possible that
      radiotherapy played a role in the induction of the sarcoma. The indolent course
      of the latter is stressed.

PMID- 3863354
TI  - Studies on granulocyte functions in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.
AB  - Granulocyte functions, viz. endocytosis, NADPH oxidase activity and iodination by
      leukocytes, were studied in granulocytes isolated from 17 chronic myeloid
      leukemia (CML) patients at initial diagnosis (stage I), from 10 patients in
      relapse (stage II), and 10 patients in acute blastic crisis (stage III). The mean
      phagocytic index of granulocytes from CML patients was similar to the normal
      value. NADPH activity decreased as the disease progressed. Thus, the amount of
      formazan produced was lower in granulocytes from patients in stage II (P less
      than 0.05) and stage III (P less than 0.01) than that produced by normal
      granulocytes. H2O2-Myeloperoxidase-dependent iodination was found to be
      significantly reduced in granulocytes from all stages of the disease compared to
      that of normal, stage I (P less than 0.01), stage II (P less than 0.05) and stage
      III (P less than 0.01). It thus seems that granulocyte function becomes less
      efficient as the disease progresses towards acute blastic crisis. Immature cells
      from the same patients carried out these functions at a more reduced level than
      did their mature counterparts.

PMID- 3863357
TI  - [DNA markers, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of hereditary disease. A
      study of 3 families with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy].

PMID- 3863356
TI  - Human osteogenic sarcoma: fine structure of hard tissue areas.
AB  - The structure of hard tissue areas (with osteoid and calcified matrix) in 10
      osteoblastic, chondroblastic, and fibroblastic osteogenic sarcomas was studied in
      the electron microscope. Neoplastic cells commonly associated with these areas
      and presumably actively involved in the production of hard tissue were osteoblast
      like cells types 1 and 3, chondroblast-like cells type 1, and fibroblast-like
      cells, as defined and characterized in previous studies. The cells differed from
      those in soft tissue areas of osteogenic sarcomas in but one respect: they
      usually showed presence of irregular extrusions at their surfaces. Other types of
      osteoblast-like and chondroblast-like cells occurred rarely or not at all. Two
      types of multinucleated giant cells were recognized in these areas, one showing a
      fine structure reminiscent of that in osteoclasts, the other probably being of a
      neoplastic nature and engaged in the production of the calcifying matrix. The
      evidence suggested that neoplastic osteoblast-like, chondroblast-like, and
      fibroblast-like cells as well as certain multinucleated giant cells might all be
      involved in the mineralization process and/or the formation of osteoid in
      osteogenic sarcomas. Although phenotypically of highly variable appearance, all
      these different cells may thus functionally (and probably histogenetically) be
      closed related. The mineralization process in the tumor tissue appeared to be a
      modification of what occurs in normal ossification, possibly with an alternative
      or complementary pathway involving the production of spherical bodies with
      layered contents.

PMID- 3863358
TI  - Ultrastructural morphology of leukemic cells from 14 dogs.
AB  - Transmission and/or scanning electron microscopic features of leukemic cells from
      seven dogs with myelomonocytic leukemia, four dogs with monocytic leukemia, and
      three dogs with lymphocytic leukemia were studied. Few ultrastructural features
      distinguished normal cells from leukemic cells. Nuclear to cytoplasmic
      asynchrony, abnormal cytoplasmic granules, nuclear pockets, and cytoplasmic
      fibrillar bundles were seen more frequently in leukemic cells. Small ridges or
      ruffles and a few microvilli were surface characteristics of cells from dogs with
      myelomonocytic leukemia. An occasional cell had large undulating ruffles. Cells
      from dogs with monocytic leukemia and lymphocytic leukemia usually had smoother
      surfaces.

PMID- 3863359
TI  - Endothelial monocyte antigens are coded for by loci centromeric of HLA-B.
AB  - 900 pregnancy sera were screened for monocyte antibodies. 23 sera (2.6%) were
      found to be reactive with monocytes in an allotypic pattern distinct from blood
      group ABO, HLA-A,B,C, DR and DQ specificities. Because of strong reactions and
      high reproducibility, 4 sera with pure endothelial monocyte (EM) reactivity and 2
      sera also positive with B lymphocytes of certain donors were selected for
      population and family studies. The frequency of positive reactions in a panel of
      26 random donors obtained with the pure EM sera was 13, 8, 8 and 13% with clearly
      distinct patterns. Analysis of the tentatively designated EM antigens 1.1, 1.2,
      2.1, and 2.2 in 7 families revealed definite segregation with HLA. By means of
      two crossing-over events within the HLA region the two hypothetical EM loci were
      localized centromeric of HLA-A and one of both loci centromeric of HLA-B.

PMID- 3863360
TI  - [Working Group on Clinical Respiratory Physiology, 1984 meeting. Graz, 8-10
      November 1984. Abstracts].

PMID- 3863361
TI  - [Programmed reproduction in large and medium-sized domestic animals].

PMID- 3863362
TI  - [Tooth replacement--when? Differential judgements on indications].

PMID- 3863363
TI  - [Current state of the art in the treatment of malignant mouth, jaw and facial
      tumors].

PMID- 3863364
TI  - [Current state of the art in implantology].

PMID- 3863365
TI  - [Experiences with a set antibiotic combination of mezlocillin and oxacillin
      (Optocillin) in jaw surgery].

PMID- 3863366
TI  - [Liquid-cooling and hygiene as applied to drills and burs in oral surgery].

PMID- 3863367
TI  - [Surface condition of various provisional crown and bridge materials before and
      after polishing. Scanning electron microscopy study].

PMID- 3863368
TI  - [Gangraena-Merz root canal filling paste. Clinical testing by 73 dentists in 1158
      patients].

PMID- 3863369
TI  - [The Richterator as a splint in myoarthropathies].

PMID- 3863370
TI  - [Pre-, peri-, and post-natal damage in the deciduous and mixed dentitions].

PMID- 3863371
TI  - [Training for public relations].

PMID- 3863372
TI  - [Effect of prevention programs on plaque, gingivitis and caries].

PMID- 3863373
TI  - [Physiology of toothache].

PMID- 3863374
TI  - [Psychological basis of fear].

PMID- 3863375
TI  - [Stress and work demands in dental activities].

PMID- 3863377
TI  - [Intraligamentary anesthesia].

PMID- 3863376
TI  - [Psychology in the treatment of children].

PMID- 3863378
TI  - [New thoughts on the matrix technic].

PMID- 3863379
TI  - [Dental preparation technics].

PMID- 3863380
TI  - [Primordial cysts or jaw keratocysts].

PMID- 3863381
TI  - [Anaerobic infections in the head and neck region].

PMID- 3863382
TI  - [Cooperation between otorhinolaryngology and oral medicine].

PMID- 3863383
TI  - [Case report of a multiple complex odontoma].

PMID- 3863384
TI  - [Processing sensitivity of low precious metal casting alloys].

PMID- 3863386
TI  - [Gingiva width and periodontal health].

PMID- 3863385
TI  - [Surprisingly high cariogenicity of starchy foods].

PMID- 3863387
TI  - [Indications for tooth conservation using surgical technics].

PMID- 3863388
TI  - [Computer tomographic description of an osteosarcoma in the mandibular condyle].

PMID- 3863390
TI  - [Surface structure of furrowed enamel hypoplasia].

PMID- 3863389
TI  - [Surgical coverage of a cheek defect].

PMID- 3863391
TI  - [A practical patient-oriented method to document periodontal treatment needs].

PMID- 3863393
TI  - [Experiences with aluminum oxide-ceramic implant material].

PMID- 3863394
TI  - [Filling of bone defects with granulated calcium-phosphate ceramic. Experimental
      animal studies and clinical experiences].

PMID- 3863392
TI  - [Local treatment with antibiotics and disinfectants of bone infections].

PMID- 3863395
TI  - [The analysis of failures as an empiric basis for long-term implant success].

PMID- 3863397
TI  - [Implants of hydroxyapatite and titanium].

PMID- 3863396
TI  - [Implantology in practical cooperation with other dental professional fields].

PMID- 3863398
TI  - [Biologic implant materials in the jaw region: hydroxyapatite and tricalcium
      phosphate].

PMID- 3863399
TI  - [Tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite in clinical use].

PMID- 3863400
TI  - [Bone core drilling. An alternative method for implant bed preparation in
      complicated anatomic situations].

PMID- 3863401
TI  - [Feasibility statistics of implants in private practice. Report of experiences
      over 10 years].

PMID- 3863402
TI  - [Histological human and experimental animal studies in the implantation of
      various alloplastic materials. An attempt at critical comparison].

PMID- 3863404
TI  - [Experiences with expert opinion procedures in relation to implant-supported
      dentures].

PMID- 3863403
TI  - [Long-tern results of transdentally fixed replanted teeth after complete
      traumatic luxation].

PMID- 3863405
TI  - [Expert opinion on implantation. Case history evaluation from the viewpoint of
      the treating dentist].

PMID- 3863406
TI  - [Diagnostic principles of jaw function].

PMID- 3863407
TI  - [Prosthetic therapy of patients with jaw and face defects].

PMID- 3863408
TI  - [Scientific organisation of work between the clinical and technical aspects of
      care as a teamwork function].

PMID- 3863409
TI  - [Scientific organization of work between the clinical and technical aspects of
      care as a teamwork function (technical portion)].

PMID- 3863410
TI  - [Continuing education in practice operations and dental care procedures].

PMID- 3863411
TI  - [Continuing education in practice operations and dental care procedures].

PMID- 3863412
TI  - [Production and delivery program."Dental wax of the Democratic Republic of
      Germany"].

PMID- 3863413
TI  - [The effect of comprehensive prevention programs on the oral health status of
      children and adolescents].

PMID- 3863414
TI  - [Function, construction and preparation of textbooks for medical education].

PMID- 3863415
TI  - [Significance, aims, content and methodology in teamwork--technics].

PMID- 3863416
TI  - [Eyelet clasp as a retaining element for an activator appliance in orthodontics].

PMID- 3863417
TI  - [Basic technological methods in dental technology].

PMID- 3863418
TI  - [Determinant programs and workflow schedules for a rational approach to simple
      and complex management procedures in dental technical laboratories].

PMID- 3863419
TI  - [Secondary reduction of morbidity due to uniform treatment strategies].

PMID- 3863420
TI  - [Work with textbooks in lectures and self-study units in medical education].

PMID- 3863421
TI  - Cytologically detected chlamydial changes and progression of cervical
      intraepithelial neoplasias. A retrospective case-control study.
AB  - Fifty-four patients with Chlamydia-associated changes on the cervical smears, in
      whom adequate follow-up had been obtained over a two-year period, were
      investigated. The progression to biopsy-proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
      (CIN) III in this group was 42.6%, significantly higher than the 15.8%
      progression rate noted in a control group of patients with similar cytologic
      abnormalities but unassociated with Chlamydia. This finding suggests that
      Chlamydia may be a cocarcinogen or a potentiating agent in the progression of
      CIN.

PMID- 3863422
TI  - Crystals occurring in pulmonary cytology specimens. Association with Aspergillus
      infection.
AB  - Birefringent needlelike crystals in rosette or wheat-sheaf-like arrangements were
      found in pulmonary cytology specimens from 11 of 65 patients who had either
      sputum cultures positive for Aspergillus or histologically confirmed pulmonary
      aspergilloma. No crystals were found in specimens from 60 control patients with
      and without known fungal disease. The crystals were most often associated with A.
      niger infection (45.4%), followed by A. flavus (16%). Crystals were also observed
      in one case of A. fumigatus infection and in one case in which the species was
      not determined. In two cases, crystals were found more than one year before
      sputum cultures became positive; in one of these patients, a fungus ball was not
      identified by X ray until five years after the first appearance of the crystals
      in the sputum. Sixty-four percent of the patients with crystals also showed
      moderate to severe cytologic atypia. The crystals are thought to be calcium
      oxalate. We conclude that the presence of birefringent needlelike crystals with
      rosette or wheat-sheaf-like arrangements in pulmonary cytology specimens is a
      reliable marker for the presence of Aspergillus infection, which may be detected
      before cultures are positive or a fungus ball is evident on X ray.

PMID- 3863423
TI  - The value of provoked expectoration in obtaining sputum samples for cytologic
      investigation. A prospective, consecutive and controlled investigation of 134
      patients.
AB  - A prospective controlled investigation in 134 consecutive outpatients compared
      the cytologic adequacy of sputum samples obtained by spontaneous and provoked
      expectoration. Inhalation of nebulized 10% sodium chloride was used for provoked
      expectoration. A significantly higher number of adequate samples was produced
      after provocation, as judged by the presence of alveolar macrophages (X2 = 5.63;
      p less than 0.02). The improvement in sample adequacy was limited to the
      nonsmokers and ex-smokers in the study. This result, together with the relatively
      high cost of cytologic sputum examinations, indicates that provoked expectoration
      should at least be applied to the collection of sputum samples from nonsmokers
      and ex-smokers.

PMID- 3863424
TI  - Cytogenetic diagnosis of cancer from body fluids.
AB  - Serous effusions from 50 patients suspected of having cancer were subjected to
      cytogenetic analysis by the use of a simple direct technique. Within 24 hours the
      specimens were reported as unsatisfactory or as positive or negative for
      malignancy, according to specific chromosomal criteria, which included
      hypodiploidy. Reports were sent directly to referring clinicians, who also
      received independently derived findings from routine cytologic study. The value
      of cytogenetic analysis was clearly shown in this situation, in which the
      chromosomal findings took the form of an independent second opinion in clinical
      assessment. There were no false-positive results in any of the 16 cases diagnosed
      by cytogenetic analysis. Furthermore, in six of these, the initial cytologic
      report was equivocal, and the repeat sample from three of these failed to yield
      material suitable for a definite cytologic diagnosis of malignancy. Negative
      cytogenetic findings also supported the use of cytogenetic analysis as an adjunct
      to cytologic examination: 23 of the 24 negative cytogenetic reports proved to be
      accurate, whereas in 8 of these cases the first cytologic report was equivocal.
      There was one cytogenetic false negative, in which, after retrospective analysis,
      chromosomal criteria of malignancy were found.

PMID- 3863425
TI  - The role of cytology in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with cervical
      adenocarcinoma.
AB  - A review was undertaken of the 121 patients with cervical adenocarcinoma, ranging
      in age from 10 to 91 years, who had cytology specimens examined in this
      laboratory. All but two had cervicovaginal smears. Fifty-eight patients had
      cervical smears taken prior to treatment; 91% of these contained malignant cells.
      The commonest histologic subtype was mucinous adenocarcinoma (61 patients; 52%),
      followed by endometrioid carcinoma (26 cases; 22%), adenosquamous carcinoma (16
      cases; 14%) and clear-cell carcinoma (12 cases; 10%). The cytologic
      characteristics were evaluated and correlated with the histopathology. During the
      follow-up period after definitive treatment, 119 patients had gynecologic smears
      taken; 24% were positive, representing 64% of those cases with central
      recurrences. In two patients, the abnormal smear was the first indicator of
      recurrence. Nine patients had 11 nongynecologic specimens revealing metastatic
      disease. Notable in this study were the 18 asymptomatic women, of whom 15 also
      had either no visible cervical lesion or minimal changes associated with benign
      conditions; cytology was abnormal in all but two. Cytology was effective in
      detecting disease. Its usefulness continued during the follow-up period in
      identifying or confirming recurrent or metastatic disease.

PMID- 3863426
TI  - The "suspicious" gynecologic smear.
AB  - "Suspicious" gynecologic smears from 842 patients over a seven-year period were
      analyzed for their causes and outcomes. The frequency of the cytologic diagnosis
      of "suspicious" ranged between 0.5% in 1979 and 1.44% in 1975 of all smears
      examined. Review of the smears showed that this classification was used to report
      a variety of conditions, including equivocal possible precancerous changes as
      well as the presence of severe inflammation, degenerative or atrophic changes,
      abnormal glandular cells and metaplasia. The cytologic follow-up, following anti
      inflammatory or hormonal therapy, showed a conversion to negative findings in
      65.1% of all cases, usually within 12 months. In 294 cases, histologic analysis
      became necessary, revealing precancerous changes or cancer in 147 patients (17.5%
      of the study group). Smears of postmenopausal women with suspicious glandular or
      endometrial cells received special analysis. Significant numbers of such cases
      had histologic findings positive for malignancy (20% of smears with glandular
      cells and 21.3% with endometrial cells), as did also smears showing post
      irradiative changes (34.6%) or atrophic and degenerative changes (17.1%).
      Therefore, "suspicious" smears in these groups were considered to indicate an
      increased risk of malignancy. A regimen for the proper management of cases with
      "suspicious" smears has been established.

PMID- 3863427
TI  - Influence of maternal factors on the postnatal smear.
AB  - The maternal factors affecting the cytohormonal smear patterns of 200 puerperally
      fully lactating Nigerian women were studied. Lateral vaginal wall cytosmears
      obtained from these women during the sixth postnatal week showed a wide range of
      cytohormonal patterns, depicting varying degrees of epithelial regeneration.
      Maternal age, parity per se and the mode of delivery were found to be of no
      statistical significance in the determination of the cytohormonal patterns (0.1
      greater than P greater than 0.05). However, the parity of the vaginally delivered
      patients was a highly statistically significant determinant (P less than 0.001),
      indicating a cumulative effect of trauma on the regenerative capability of the
      vaginal epithelium. Furthermore, a highly significant number (P less than 0.001)
      of these puerperally fully lactating women exhibited a midzone to cyclic
      cytohormonal smear pattern, with a maturation value greater than 50, thereby
      reflecting a near-maximal estrogenic activity and a resultant almost fully
      regenerated, mature vaginal epithelium in these women in the sixth postnatal
      week. The classical postnatal smear was found in only 36% of these women during
      the sixth postpartum week as opposed to the 28% previously documented for the
      first postnatal week.

PMID- 3863428
TI  - Vaginal and oral cytology of the menopause. A comparative study.
AB  - A comparative cytologic study was made of the hormonal content of the vaginal and
      oral mucosa of menopausal women. Twenty-three women between one and ten years
      (early menopause) and 33 patients more than ten years (late menopause) after
      cessation of menstruation had oral and vaginal smears taken. Comparable smears
      from 21 young women, and oral smears from 18 males served as controls. The smears
      were evaluated by the maturation value method, and averages were established for
      each group. The vaginal smears had low maturation values of 40 and 22 in the
      early and late menopausal groups, respectively. In these women, the buccal
      smears' maturation values were high, above 70. Similar high maturation values
      were found in buccal smears of the young women and men. It was concluded that the
      high maturation values found in the oral smears of the menopausal women are not
      the result of hormonal effect but that of local mechanisms or irritative factors.

PMID- 3863429
TI  - Diagnostic value of cytology of voided urine.
AB  - Cytologic examination of the sediment of voided urine is the only noninvasive
      method of detection, diagnosis and follow-up of tumors of the bladder and other
      anatomic components of the lower urinary tract. In order to assess the value of
      cytology of voided urine, we analyzed the diagnostic yield in 203 episodes, each
      composed of three sediments of voided urine obtained on consecutive days. For
      each one of these episodes, histologic material was available and was reviewed.
      Of special interest were 181 instances of primary or recurrent bladder tumors; in
      37 of these patients, random biopsies of the bladder were also available for
      review. The concept of intraurothelial neoplasia (IUN), graded I, II or III, was
      introduced to describe degrees of atypia in flat urothelium, with IUN grade III
      corresponding to nonpapillary carcinoma in situ. The results documented that
      cytology of voided urine is highly reliable in the diagnosis of high-grade
      tumors, with a sensitivity of 94.2%. In primary flat carcinoma in situ (IUN III),
      the sensitivity was 100%. The method failed in the recognition of grade I
      papillary tumors and in about one-third of grade II tumors. There were no false
      positive results in this study. In the 151 positive cases, the cytologic
      diagnosis was established on the first specimen in 79%, on the second specimen in
      an additional 14% and on the third specimen in 7% of cases. These results justify
      the use of three consecutive daily urine specimens for optimal diagnostic
      results. There is a remarkable similarity between the presence of cancer cells in
      voided urine and the DNA ploidy of bladder tumors, as established by Tribukait.
      The observations reported herein suggest that positive urine cytologies may
      correspond to aneuploid tumors and hence be not only of diagnostic but also of
      prognostic value. A direct proof of this hypothesis is under investigation; the
      results of this study justify the need for a field trial of an automated image
      analysis diagnostic system that was developed in this department.

PMID- 3863430
TI  - Cytology of bladder papilloma.
AB  - Eighty-four urinary cytology specimens from 51 patients known to have bladder
      papilloma were reviewed and compared with 30 specimens from patients without
      neoplastic urologic disease, 12 specimens from patients later found to have
      papillomas that were unsuspected at the time of examination and 6 specimens from
      patients with a history of papilloma but no present evidence of the disease. No
      specific findings were identified that could be used to make a cytologic
      diagnosis of papilloma. However, the specimens from patients with papilloma were
      likely to contain an increased number of exfoliated epithelial cells, including
      atypically shaped cells that were small and round or, less frequently, elongated;
      they were also likely to contain a small number of red blood cells. This
      combination of cytologic findings yielded a pattern that can be described as
      consistent with or suggestive of papilloma in the appropriate clinical setting.
      It is not diagnostic since the absence of this cytologic pattern does not rule
      out papilloma, and the same cytologic features can be found (less frequently) in
      patients with other urologic diseases.

PMID- 3863431
TI  - Cytologic diagnosis of mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder.
AB  - Mesonephric adenocarcinoma is a rare primary neoplasm of the urinary bladder,
      composed of papillary and glandular structures with clear-cell features. A case
      is reported in which cytologic examination of urine specimens showed the
      distinctive dimorphic cell population of small cells in papillary formations and
      larger cells with features of a clear-cell adenocarcinoma, permitting a specific
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3863432
TI  - Choroid plexus carcinoma. Report of a case with cytopathologic differential
      diagnosis.
AB  - The cytopathologic features of choroid plexus carcinoma in the cerebrospinal
      fluid of a 13-month-old male infant were reviewed and compared with those of
      other small-cell malignant neoplasms of childhood and young adulthood involving
      the central nervous system. The cytologic features of the choroid plexus
      carcinoma (tight spatial clusters and isolated anaplastic cells with striking
      nuclear lobulation) were distinct from those of lymphoma, leukemia,
      neuroblastoma, ependymoma and pineal germinoma. However, the cells had a striking
      resemblance to those of anaplastic ependymoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 3863433
TI  - Sensitivity and specificity of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis
      of tumors of the thyroid gland.
AB  - A study of the preoperative fine needle aspiration cytologies in consecutive
      patients with primary malignant tumors (203 cases) or benign thyroid tumors (217
      cases) showed a sensitivity of 0.57 and a specificity of 0.98. The sensitivity of
      FNA cytology in medullary and undifferentiated carcinomas was 0.82 and 0.84,
      respectively; none of these were microscopically misdiagnosed. The sensitivity
      was only 0.58 for papillary carcinomas (excluding occult carcinoma) and 0.42 for
      follicular carcinoma. Four reasons for these low sensitivities were identified:
      tumors missed at aspiration, microscopic misinterpretations, diagnoses of
      cellular atypia and indeterminate diagnoses. Reevaluation of the false diagnoses
      once more emphasized the problem of distinguishing follicular adenomas from
      follicular carcinomas. Microscopically undiagnosed papillary carcinomas were
      either the result of misinterpretations of the characteristic cytomorphologic
      features or of the smears being misdiagnosed as showing cellular atypia when
      papillary formations were missing and only one or two of the other cellular
      criteria were evident. The specificity of FNA cytology of thyroid tumors was
      found to be high enough to permit surgical intervention after a cytodiagnosis of
      malignancy.

PMID- 3863434
TI  - Renal-cell carcinoma metastatic to the thyroid. Aspiration cytology and
      histologic findings.
AB  - A case of renal-cell carcinoma metastatic to the thyroid eight years after the
      removal of the primary tumor is presented, with the aspiration cytologic and
      histologic findings described. This unusual presentation and the incidence and
      behavior of renal-cell carcinomas and tumors metastatic to the thyroid are
      discussed.

PMID- 3863435
TI  - Aspiration biopsy cytology of renal oncocytoma.
AB  - The fine needle aspiration biopsy findings in four cases of renal oncocytomas
      were reviewed. The cytologic smears contained many large, well-demarcated,
      eosinophilic cells with prominent nucleoli. Some of the cells were binucleated.
      The findings in these cases indicate that renal oncocytoma may be suggested
      preoperatively on the bases of renal angiography and aspiration biopsy cytology.
      The differential diagnosis between renal adenocarcinoma and carcinomas with
      oncocytic differentiation is discussed.

PMID- 3863436
TI  - Fine needle aspiration of myelolipoma of the adrenal gland. Report of a case with
      computed tomography.
AB  - Myelolipoma, a rare benign tumor of the adrenal gland composed of adipose tissue
      and hemopoietic elements, is usually asymptomatic and described as an incidental
      finding at autopsy. Computed tomographic (CT) body scans revealed radiographic
      evidence of myelolipoma, i.e., low-density masses with calcification, in a
      patient with a known squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung. These nonspecific
      findings, described in a variety of other tumors involving the adrenal gland,
      were confirmed by CT-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. While the
      routine use of FNA biopsies of the adrenal gland in patients who do not have
      cancer remains controversial, it is mandatory to biopsy any masses in the adrenal
      gland in patients who have cancer; this case illustrates the value of CT-guided
      FNA biopsy in rendering a diagnosis of myelolipoma of the adrenal gland.

PMID- 3863437
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology of the pancreas. An analysis of its use in 52
      patients.
AB  - An experience with fine needle aspiration cytology of the pancreas over a five
      year period in 52 patients is described. It was a highly specific test (93%),
      with a 100% predictive value for a positive test, regardless of the method used
      to obtain the cytologic sample. On the other hand, the sensitivity was relatively
      low, especially for percutaneous biopsies (58%). These results are similar to
      those reported by others. The complication rate was low (less than 1%). FNA
      cytology is now the procedure of choice in establishing a definitive diagnosis of
      pancreatic carcinoma in our institution.

PMID- 3863438
TI  - Fatal septic shock after fine needle aspiration of a pancreatic pseudocyst.
AB  - Fatal septic shock due to Streptococcus sanguis developed eight days after fine
      needle aspiration (FNA) of a pancreatic pseudocyst. The pseudocyst was adherent
      to the transverse colon (as is often the case with pseudocysts), and
      contamination of cyst fluid with colonic bacteria most likely initiated the
      infection. The patient had not received prophylactic antibiotics, even though the
      needle had been observed to pass through the bowel at the time of the CAT-scan
      guided aspiration. Although the literature documents the safety and usefulness of
      FNA in the diagnosis of pancreatic tumors, this case suggests that prophylactic
      antibiotics be considered at the time of aspiration of pseudocysts or necrotic
      tumors.

PMID- 3863439
TI  - Fine needle aspiration of proliferative fasciitis. A case report.
AB  - The cytologic findings of a fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy from a patient
      with proliferative fasciitis, a benign, reactive process involving the
      subcutaneous tissue, are presented. Proliferative fasciitis is defined
      histologically as a spindle-cell lesion containing basophilic giant cells that
      resemble ganglion cells; the FNA smears from this patient's lesion were cellular
      and contained spindle cells as well as numerous large cells with abundant
      cytoplasm, one to two eccentric nuclei and macronucleoli. The large cells seen on
      the aspiration smears correspond well with the classic ganglionlike cells seen on
      histologic sections. Care must be taken so that this distinctive lesion is not
      misdiagnosed as a malignant soft tissue neoplasm.

PMID- 3863440
TI  - Eosinophilic pleural effusion with Charcot-Leyden crystals.

PMID- 3863441
TI  - Giardia lamblia infection mimicking pancreatic carcinoma: a case report.

PMID- 3863442
TI  - Carcinoma of the breast presenting initially in cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 3863443
TI  - Ova of Taenia and Enterobius vermicularis in cervicovaginal smears.

PMID- 3863444
TI  - Bite plates and stabilization splints in mandibular dysfunction. A clinical and
      electromyographic comparison.
AB  - Twenty patients with mandibular dysfunction, all women, aged 17-41 years, were
      randomized for treatment with either a bite plate with a frontal plateau or a
      full-coverage stabilization splint. The occlusal appliances were used at night
      for 6 weeks to compare clinical and electromyographic effects (EMGs). Integrated
      EMGs were recorded bilaterally from the anterior and posterior parts of the
      temporal muscle and the masseter muscle in the rest position and during gentle
      and maximal biting before and after treatment without the appliances in situ.
      Initially recorded EMG activity in the temporal muscle was correlated to signs of
      dysfunction in the rest position. Compared with previously investigated healthy
      subjects, the patients had lower EMG activity in the anterior part of the
      temporal muscle and in the masseter muscle during maximal biting. Use of occlusal
      appliances at night for 6 weeks did not change the EMG activity in the rest
      position or during maximal biting. The clinical signs improved, significantly in
      the splint group. The subjective symptoms improved in both groups, significantly
      more in the splint group.

PMID- 3863445
TI  - Characterization of saliva proteins from 'stainers' and 'non-stainers' adsorbed
      to hydroxyapatite.
AB  - Stainers and non-stainers were selected on the basis of their individual tendency
      to develop extrinsic tooth discolorations from a chlorhexidine mouth rinse.
      Saliva proteins adsorbed to hydroxyapatite in vitro and in vivo pellicle from the
      participants were analyzed by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Two
      distinct anionic components were isolated. The elution patterns from stainers and
      non-stainers were identical. Amino acid analyses of the main peaks demonstrated a
      prevalence of serine, glycine, and glutamic acid.

PMID- 3863446
TI  - The occurrence of recurrent aphthous ulcers in an adult Swedish population.
AB  - Aphthous ulcers were found in 2% of a total of 20,333 individuals aged 15 years
      or more examined in urban, suburban, and rural regions of Sweden. When a history
      of 2 years was considered, the prevalence was 17.7%. A slight predominance was
      found for females. The younger age groups showed the highest prevalences of the
      condition, which then decreased steadily with age. Interviews were conducted with
      a fraction of the population comprising 2771 people with regard to their
      experiences of aphthous ulcers. Thus, for example, the average number of episodes
      per year was two to four and the most prevalent time for healing, 5-8 days. Among
      the factors thought by patients to trigger the condition, catching a cold was
      reported as the main one, followed by stomach problems and menstruation.

PMID- 3863447
TI  - The effect of abrasion on corrosion of dental Co-Cr alloys. An in vitro study.
AB  - The effect of abrasion on corrosion of two dental Co-Cr alloys was investigated
      in vitro. The metals were abraded with a toothbrush and with a piece of tooth
      enamel. Changes in corrosion potentials and metal release due to the abrasion
      were measured. Abrasion by tooth enamel caused a persistent drop in corrosion
      potentials. The release of both chromium and, in particular, cobalt was higher
      than during brushing. The two alloys tested did not significantly differ with
      regard to mode and rate of corrosion. It was demonstrated that the corrosion
      behavior of electrochemically passive dental alloys was affected by abrasion of a
      magnitude normally encountered during clinical service.

PMID- 3863448
TI  - Characteristics of premaxillary hyperodontia. A radiographic study.
AB  - Among 63,029 patients admitted to Department of Oral Radiology, University of
      Oslo, 900 had a total of 1153 supernumerary teeth located to the premaxillary
      region. Characteristics of the supernumeraries were predominance in males,
      predominance in the permanent dentition, predominant location in the central
      incisor region, and predominant position palatally to the dental arch, vertically
      oriented, half of them inverted. Interference with the normal dentition included
      malposition, diastema, maleruption, and resorption. Sequelae included widened
      follicular space, dentigerous cyst formation, dental pulp necrosis, pulp canal
      obliteration, root resorption, and ankylosis. Nearly 60% of the patients had
      radiographic or clinical signs of interference with the normal dentition or of
      associated complications.

PMID- 3863449
TI  - Occlusal wear. A follow-up study of 18 subjects with extensively worn dentitions.
AB  - Eighteen patients with moderate to severe dental wear were re-examined 6-10 years
      after a treatment period that included use of occlusal splints at night. The
      splints were used with various intensities for an average of 2 years. The methods
      of evaluation comprised a questionnaire, clinical examination, comparison of
      dental casts, salivary analysis, and bite force measurements. The changes in
      dental wear during the follow-up period were small, the typical finding being an
      increase of facets but no measurable reduction of tooth length. The results
      indicate that many variables apart from occlusal parafunctions, such as acid
      regurgitation and salivary and dietary factors, may contribute to loss of tooth
      substance diagnosed as dental wear. In most patients, the continuing wear process
      was slow after long-term treatment with occlusal splints.

PMID- 3863450
TI  - Bacteriological studies on endodontic paper points.
AB  - Four brands of endodontic paper points were subjected to tests for sterility,
      antibacterial activity, and suitability as vehicles for bacteriological sampling
      procedures. No brand showed growth in the sterility assay. One brand showed weak
      but reproducible antibacterial activity. Recovery of viable bacteria after
      absorption into the points varied and appeared to depend both on the brand of
      point and on the bacterial strain used. One brand appeared ineffectual for
      clinical bacteriological sampling procedures.

PMID- 3863451
TI  - Renewal and migration of rat incisor mesenchymal cells after doxorubicin
      administration.
AB  - Ten female rats were intravenously injected with doxorubicin (20 mg/kg) and
      divided into two equal groups receiving a dose of tritiated thymidine either
      simultaneously with doxorubicin or 1 h before being killed after 5 days. Six
      control animals were correspondingly injected with 3H-thymidine. The left and
      right maxillary incisors were prepared for histologic and microautoradiographic
      investigation, respectively. The distribution of labeled cells in animals
      injected 1 h before death showed the regions of proliferation, whereas migration
      from these regions was evaluated by longer observation time. A zone of reduced
      dentin deposition lined by irregular odontoblasts being young odontoblasts and
      late preodontoblasts was observed at the time of doxorubicin injection. Pulpally
      to the dentinal lesion, islands of irregular predentin were deposited by non
      progenitive pulp cells and depolarized odontoblasts. The late preodontoblasts
      were renewed from progenitive pulp cells, leading to a disturbed mantle predentin
      deposition.

PMID- 3863452
TI  - Prostaglandin E2 level in tears during postoperative inflammation of the eye.
AB  - The concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in tears was measured by a radio
      immuno assay technique in 25 persons before cataract extraction and during the
      post-operative period. In addition we studied the clinical signs of inflammation,
      the tear secretion rate, the content of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) in
      tears, the bacteriology of the conjunctival sac and the central corneal thickness
      (CCT) during this period. We found pre-operative median level of PGE2 of 82 pg/ml
      and on the first post-operative day a significant rise in PGE2 concentration
      despite increased tearing. There was a tendency towards further gradual increase
      in PGE2 concentration until the 5th day and thereafter a decline to pre-operative
      level 12 days after surgery. The conjunctiva is proposed as a possible source of
      the PGE2 in tears. No significant correlation could be demonstrated between PGE2
      levels and clinical signs of inflammation, CCT, PMN level, bacteriology or tear
      secretion rate.

PMID- 3863454
TI  - New perspectives in psychiatric research. Proceedings of the WPA regional
      symposium organized by the Finnish Psychiatric Association in Helsinki, Finland,
      June 18-21, 1984.

PMID- 3863455
TI  - Evaluation of psychosocial treatments.
AB  - The most widely chosen dimensions in the evaluation of psychosocial treatments
      are structure evaluation, process evaluation and outcome evaluation. The
      measurement of structure focuses on the inputs to a system intended for promoting
      mental health. The measurement of process shows how the inputs are used. And
      finally the measurement of outcome gives information about the effectiveness of
      the treatment in the terms of outcome. Five basic questions of outcome evaluation
      are: appropriateness, adequacy, effectiveness, efficiency and side effects of the
      treatment. Using these concepts this article analyzes different parts of the
      treatment process and their evaluation. The emphasis is on the problems of
      evaluation of psychotherapy research and especially on outcome research in
      psychotherapy.

PMID- 3863453
TI  - Differences in contractile activation between human myometrium and
      intramyometrial arteries.
AB  - Small intramyometrial arteries and pieces of adjacent myometrial tissue were
      obtained from 25 non-pregnant women undergoing hysterectomy. Vascular and
      myometrial preparations were dissected, mounted in organ baths and isometric
      tension was recorded. Myometrial strips, but no vascular preparation, developed
      spontaneous contractile activity. Noradrenaline (NA) and vasopressin (VP)
      contracted both vessels and myometrium. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF 2 alpha)
      contracted the myometrial tissue, but had only a minor effect on the vessels.
      Removal of extracellular calcium almost abolished the myometrial responses to
      high K+ (124 mM)-solution, PGF 2 alpha, NA and VP. The vascular responses
      remaining after this treatment were 18% (K+), 34% (NA) and 25% (VP) of control
      contractions induced by high K+ (124 mM). Nifedipine potently depressed
      myometrial contractions induced by NA and VP, but was less active against the
      vascular responses to these agents. In preparations exposed to calcium-free
      medium, nifedipine (10(-7) M) almost abolished myometrial contractions induced by
      calcium in the presence of K+ (124 mM), NA or VP. It also effectively depressed
      vascular responses to calcium in the presence of K+, but was less active if NA
      and VP were present. It is suggested that PGF2 alpha has almost no contractant
      effect on intramyometrial arteries, and that the activation process in these
      vessels is much less dependent on extracellular calcium than that of the
      myometrium.

PMID- 3863456
TI  - A family system's approach in consultation liaison services.
AB  - Starting from difficulties in the cooperation of clinical and psychosocial
      medicine an alternative view is suggested following the principles of general
      system's theory and family therapy. The request for consultation is under such
      considerations regarded as the expression of an interactional crisis in which the
      whole system (patient, family and clinic) has become involved. Practical
      suggestions are made concerning the treatment setting, the methods of
      intervention and the initiation of an ongoing therapeutic contact.

PMID- 3863457
TI  - An empirically derived hierarchy of adaptive mechanisms and its usefulness as a
      potential diagnostic axis.
AB  - This report empirically examines the utility of the model of ego mechanisms of
      defense to explain psychological resilience in 307 middle aged men with socially
      disadvantaged childhoods. The sample has been prospectively followed for forty
      years. The model arranges defense mechanisms along a hierarchy reflecting
      severity of psychopathology and hypothetical immaturity. The value of this
      hierarchy of defenses in relation to diagnosis is discussed.

PMID- 3863459
TI  - Psychotherapeutically oriented treatment of schizophrenia: results of 5-year
      follow-up.
AB  - The authors have developed a psychotherapeutic approach to schizophrenia within
      the community psychiatric health care system. The orientation is psychodynamic
      but global in the meaning that the therapeutic plans are made on the basis of
      case-specific need of the patients and of their families and include both
      individual psychotherapy, family therapy and therapeutic communities. The
      material is composed of 100 successive patients of the schizophrenia group aged
      16 - 44 years and for the first time admitted for treatment into the different
      units of the Turku Mental Health District in 1976 - 77. A multiprofessional staff
      was acting as therapists, supported by a continuous and intensive on-the-job 
      training and supervision. The results preliminary reported in this paper are
      based on a follow-up study 5 years after admission to treatment. 56 patients
      could be included in the psychotherapy group given at least some mode of
      psychotherapy in an adequate amount. The background variables of patients
      selected for various modes of therapy as well as the prognostic results are
      studied with the aid of logistic regression analyses. The findings indicate that
      the development of a global psychotherapeutic orientation is possible in the
      field of community psychiatry and yields results that demonstrate its
      meaningfulness. The implementation of psychotherapy had clearly positive
      explanatory connections with a favourable prognosis, and although these
      connections were not equally strong as the connections of some central clinical
      and psychosocial variables, they were obvious and manifold.

PMID- 3863458
TI  - Interaction of genetic and psychosocial factors in schizophrenia.
AB  - What the genetic and family dynamic theory have in common, is that the cause of
      schizophrenia could be found in the family. Usually the genetic factors and the
      rearing factors are confounded in the same family. In a study of adoptive
      children given away for adoption early enough, discrimination between these two
      sets of factors is possible. A nation-wide sample of offspring of schizophrenic
      mothers, given away for adoption, has been compared blindly with matched
      controls, i.e., adopted-away offspring of non-schizophrenic biologic parents. The
      families have been investigated thoroughly with joint and individual interviews
      and psychological tests. In the 91 pairs where both the index and control
      families have been investigated and rated so far, the total number of severe
      diagnoses (psychosis, borderline, character disorder) is 28.6% (26/91) in the
      index group and 16.5% (15/91) in the matched control group. Of the 7 psychotic
      cases, 6 are offspring of schizophrenics and only one a control offspring. The
      relation of psychopathology of adoptive families to the mental health ratings of
      the offspring supports the hypothesis that a possible genetic vulnerability has
      interacted with the adoptive rearing environment.

PMID- 3863460
TI  - Controversies and consistencies in psychiatric genetics.
AB  - The methodology in psychiatric genetics, including family studies, twin studies,
      and adoption strategies, developed during the last 70 years to a high degree of
      perfection, has established beyond doubt the heritability of the major psychoses,
      the schizophrenic and manic-depressive disorders. In spite of recent refinements,
      including twin-family-study strategies, dual mating strategies, and advanced
      mathematical models and statistics the mode of inheritance is still undetermined.
      Evidence for heterogeneity in both schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis
      has been brought up leading to new approaches in diagnostic delimitations.
      However, the final solution of this issue probably has to await the finding of a
      genetic marker, for which recent advances in molecular biology as seen in
      Huntington's disease may give some hope.

PMID- 3863461
TI  - Family factors that antedate the onset of schizophrenia and related disorders:
      the results of a fifteen year prospective longitudinal study.
AB  - The present study evaluates, within the context of a prospective study, whether
      certain discrete, pathological styles of communication antedate the onset of
      schizophrenia and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The three parental styles
      evaluated were: communication deviance (CD; Wynne & Singer), affective style (AS;
      Doane), and expressed emotion (EE; Vaughn and Leff). These measures were obtained
      on a sample of 64 intact families who appeared for help, from a psychological
      clinic, for their moderately disturbed teenager over 15 years ago. The sample of
      offspring and selected siblings were followed up at two subsequent time periods,
      5 and 15 years after the initial family assessments at which times blind
      psychiatric evaluations were done. The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia and
      schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in the sample were evaluated. Of the 64
      teenagers, follow-ups were feasible on 50 of the cases. Of these, 45 had all
      three parental measures available. Within that subsample, schizophrenia-spectrum
      disorders were predominantly associated with the combined parental pattern of
      high CD, negative AS and high EE. When data for siblings was included, the
      predictive value of CD was even greater. These findings strongly suggest that
      disturbed patterns of intrafamilial communication and affect expression antedate
      the onset of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and are not reactions to psychotic
      behaviors in already schizophrenic offspring.

PMID- 3863462
TI  - DSM-III schizophrenia: is there evidence for familial transmission.
AB  - To resolve some recent controversies as to whether there is any evidence of
      familial transmission in DSM-III schizophrenia, a blind study of first degree
      relatives of 332 DSM-III schizophrenia was conducted. A comparison group of first
      degree relatives of 318 surgical patients who were free of psychiatric symptoms
      were also studied. The morbidity risks of schizophrenia and related illnesses
      were estimated among these relatives. The risk of DSM-III schizophrenia in the
      relatives of schizophrenics was 3.7 + 0.7 which was significantly higher (p less
      than .01) than among the relatives of surgical controls (0.2% + 0.2) with a
      relative risk of 18.5 (3.7/0.2). When broad criteria of schizophrenia were used
      by including all schizophrenia-related illnesses, the risks were approximately
      9.0% and 1.0% respectively in the families of schizophrenics and controls with a
      relative risk of 9.0. These results will be discussed in the light of relevant
      literature. It is concluded that there is an evidence for familial transmission
      in DSM-III schizophrenia.

PMID- 3863463
TI  - The genetics of schizophrenia: new perspectives.
AB  - Despite the evidence for genetic factors in schizophrenia, the underlying
      hereditary defect is unknown. The author reviews recent advances in genetic
      research methodologies and discusses their strengths and limitations. He
      concludes that in the face of genetic heterogeneity current models of segregation
      analysis are not likely to unravel the mode of inheritance of schizophrenia. The
      author underscores the potential contribution of both molecular genetics (as a
      means to generate DNA markers) and studies with biologic vulnerability traits to
      identifying and quantitating the genetic component in the transmission of
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 3863464
TI  - Aging and schizophrenic psychosis.
AB  - The author discusses the question of the interference of schizophrenia and aging,
      and specially of the impact of biologic and organic versus social and situational
      factors. The presentation is based on long-term follow-up studies by the author
      himself and others, showing favorable outcomes in about half of the cases.
      Contrary to general beliefs, old age has quite often a favorable influence, eg.
      by dampening acute productive symptoms and drives, and by improving interpersonal
      relations. Psycho-organic deterioration is hardly more frequent, in
      schizophrenics, than in the general population. In conclusion, in old age, too,
      schizophrenia does no longer appear as a fatally progressive organic disease, but
      as a multiconditional open life process in vulnerable individuals with persisting
      potential for improvement even in old age.

PMID- 3863465
TI  - New implications of antidepressant therapy in neuropsychopharmacology: focus on
      mianserin. 14th Congress of the Collegium Internationale Neuro
      Psychopharmacologicum. Florence, Italy, 19-23 June 1984.

PMID- 3863466
TI  - Changes in sleep EEG architecture during the treatment of depressed patients with
      mianserin.
AB  - The effect of mianserin on sleep variables was studied in a single-blind non
      controlled trial. Ten depressed hospital in-patients received placebo for one
      week and then mianserin 60 mg at night for four weeks. Acute changes seen on
      starting mianserin treatment included increases in sleep period time, total sleep
      time, sleep efficiency index, and stage II sleep, together with reductions in
      total time awake and latency for rapid eye movement sleep. The changes in sleep
      efficiency index, total time awake, stage II sleep, and latency for rapid eye
      movement sleep persisted over the duration of the study. Clinically, treatment
      with mianserin improved overall sleep pattern and ameliorated their depression.

PMID- 3863467
TI  - Clinical and neuroendocrine features of endogenous unipolar and bipolar
      depression.
AB  - A group of 19 patients suffering from endogenous unipolar depression was compared
      with another group of eight patients with bipolar depression. Comparisons were
      based on psychopathological features together with results of the dexamethasone
      suppression test and the thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation test. Unipolar
      patients showed more frequent loss of weight, reduced appetite, autonomic
      disturbances, muscular tension, sadness, and reduced sexual interest, whereas
      bipolar patients showed more frequent hostile feelings. Each neuroendocrine test
      identified at least 50% of the patients in each group. The combined use of both
      tests identified about 75% of the patients. The bipolar depressives obtained
      slightly but not significantly higher rates of positive results in each test and
      a more frequent association of abnormality in both tests.

PMID- 3863468
TI  - Treatment of childhood and adolescent depression with mianserin.
AB  - The efficacy of mianserin in treating adult depression is now well established.
      Since there are no publications concerning the use of mianserin in children, the
      authors set up an open pilot study of 110 depressed children and adolescents aged
      8-19 years. The average dose of mianserin was 1 mg/kg/day. Efficacy of treatment
      was noticeable by the end of the first week and was maintained throughout the 60
      day study period. Evaluation was based on both clinical observations and changes
      in scores obtained from 80 subjects. Side-effects were minimal leading to
      temporary withdrawal of treatment in only seven cases. The profile of mianserin
      in children and adolescents is similar to that of adults. It is an antidepressant
      with an anxiolytic component, and has a regulating effect on sleep. In view of
      its efficacy, compliance, and the very low incidence of side-effects, mianserin
      appears to be a useful treatment for depression in children and adolescents. The
      results of this open study justify the development of further controlled studies.

PMID- 3863469
TI  - Mianserin and imipramine in the treatment of elderly depressed patients.
AB  - Fifty elderly depressed patients were randomly assigned to double-blind
      treatment, using a flexible dose schedule, with either mianserin 20-60 mg or
      imipramine 75-150 mg. Medication was continued for four weeks. Eleven patients
      withdrew from the study. At the end of treatment there were no significant
      differences between mianserin and imipramine in antidepressant efficacy. A
      significantly greater number of side-effects occurred in the imipramine group
      (dry mouth, days 7 and 14; faintness, dizziness, weakness, day 21). When treating
      elderly depressed patients mianserin may be preferred to imipramine because of a
      lower incidence of induced side-effects.

PMID- 3863470
TI  - Mianserin is better tolerated and more effective in depression than a nomifensine
      clobazam combination: a double-blind study.
AB  - Patients suffering from depression (mostly depressive neurosis) were admitted to
      a double-blind study which compared the efficacy of a combination of nomifensine
      and clobazam with mianserin. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated on the Hamilton
      Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Clinical Global
      Impression Scale, physician's assessments, Global Improvement and Treatment
      Emergent Symptom Scale for side-effects. Assessments were made before admission
      to the trial and on days 3, 7, 14 and 21. Forty patients were randomly allocated
      to two treatment groups. A case is made against polypharmacy and in particular
      against the use of benzodiazepine combinations in depression. Nineteen patients
      on nomifensine-clobazam and 14 on mianserin completed the three-week trial. At 7,
      14 and 21 days, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) total scores were
      significantly improved for mianserin when compared with nomifensine-clobazam.
      Similarly, at 7 and 14 days the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) total scores
      were significantly better for mianserin than for the nomifensine-clobazam
      combination. There were also significant improvements for mianserin on the HDRS
      sub-scales of anxiety somatization, cognitive disturbance and sleep disturbance.
      There were no significant differences for HDRS somatic symptoms between treatment
      groups. Drowsiness was the most common side-effect in both groups. The incidence
      of total side-effects was 74% for nomifensine-clobazam and 71% for the mianserin
      group.

PMID- 3863471
TI  - Digoxin interactions. The influence of quinidine and verapamil on the
      pharmacokinetics and receptor binding of digitalis glycosides.

PMID- 3863472
TI  - Myocardial infarction and environment. Use of registers in epidemiology.
AB  - In the present thesis methods for utilizing some of the many registers in Sweden
      for epidemiological purposes were further developed. These purposes include
      immigrant studies, case-control studies dealing with psychosocial job
      characteristics, and studies of time trends. A theoretical framework for handling
      problems of misclassification when using register data was developed. Register
      data were used to examine several hypotheses concerning the occurrence and
      etiology of myocardial infarction (MI). The result of these all emphasize the
      role of environmental factors in the etiology of MI. Further information on the
      relationship between migration and MI was obtained. Male Finnish immigrants in
      Sweden tend to adopt the lower risk of native Swedes. This implies that
      environmental factors are important in explaining the difference in incidence of
      MI between Finland and Sweden. This also implies that it may be possible to
      decrease the risk by changing environmental conditions. The relationship between
      psychosocial work environment and MI risk was studied in a new way by using
      information on occupation. Occupations characterized by hectic work and at the
      same time providing little possibility for control or growth were significantly
      associated with an elevated MI risk. The risk for men aged 40-54 years employed
      in these strenuous occupations was about twice as high as for those in other
      occupations. This result remained relatively unaffected when several potential
      confounding factors were taken into consideration. A study was undertaken to
      examine trends in the incidence and mortality of MI in Stockholm (1974-80). For
      men the incidence as well as the mortality was appreciably increased. For women
      there was an appreciable increase in incidence while the increase in mortality
      was more uncertain. The observed increases in incidence and mortality are
      contrary to the trend for most other nations in the Western hemisphere. The
      reason for the increasing trend in Stockholm is, however, unknown.

PMID- 3863473
TI  - The relation between thymic interdigitating cells and dendritic cells.

PMID- 3863474
TI  - Development of dendritic cells from rat bone marrow.

PMID- 3863475
TI  - The relation between rat lymph node interdigitating cells in situ and dendritic
      cells in suspension.

PMID- 3863476
TI  - Is Ia antigen expression by thymic epithelial cells constitutive?
AB  - Thymic epithelial cells express class II MHC antigens (Ia) in the normal thymus.
      In a variety of special circumstances, generally associated with decreased or
      absent thymocyte populations, TEC fail to express Ia antigens. Although such
      observations might be interpreted based on the hypothesis that TEC Ia antigens
      have an effect on the differentiation of thymocytes, it is also possible that
      instead, the thymocytes have an effect on TEC Ia antigen expression.

PMID- 3863477
TI  - First-year dental class: an attitudinal profile.

PMID- 3863478
TI  - Apexification of necrotic teeth.

PMID- 3863479
TI  - Preventing bacterial endocarditis in the dental patient.

PMID- 3863480
TI  - Low levels of zinc in hair and blood, pica, anorexia, and poor growth in Chinese
      preschool children.
AB  - Zinc concentrations in plasma and hair were measured in 703 children, aged
      between 1 and 6 yr, and correlated with parameters of physical development. In
      the first group of 187 children brought to the Child Health Clinic for routine
      observation there was a positive correlation of hair zinc content and height for
      age, with an increased prevalence of low hair zinc content in children of shorter
      stature. A second group of 303 children in nurseries and kindergartens in Beijing
      exhibited a hair zinc content of 92 micrograms/g, and 34% of these had very low
      zinc values below 70 micrograms/g. The third group consisted of 213 children who
      were brought into the outpatient clinic for a variety of complaints, including
      pica, anorexia, and poor growth; these had significantly lower values of zinc in
      hair and plasma than well-nourished children and responded to zinc
      supplementation with improvement of growth and the disappearance of pica and
      anorexia. These results suggest that the diet consumed by the population studied
      may be marginal or inadequate in its content of available zinc.

PMID- 3863481
TI  - Twenty-seven protein polymorphisms by two-dimensional electrophoresis of serum,
      erythrocytes, and fibroblasts in two pedigrees.
AB  - Twenty-seven independent polymorphic loci were detected by two-dimensional
      electrophoresis (2DE) of serum, erythrocytes, and fibroblasts in two large
      families and analyzed for linkage to classical genetic markers. We detected seven
      serum, four erythrocyte, and 17 fibroblast protein loci that exhibited charge
      variation in these two families and in a sample of unrelated individuals. The
      genetic basis of protein variants was confirmed by quantitative gene-dosage
      dependence and by conformance to Mendelian transmission in the two families,
      except for four rare variants for which transmission analysis was not possible.
      Linkage analysis demonstrated that each of the variants represent products of
      independent loci, with the exception of erythrocyte locus (RBC4), which we also
      detected in fibroblasts (NC27). Two allozyme polymorphisms, glyoxalase-1 (GLO1)
      and phosphoglucomutase-3 (PGM3) were specifically identified here based on
      genotypic concordance and molecular mass. Unknown fibroblast protein (NC22) may
      be linked to apolipoprotein E (lod score = 2.8 at theta m = theta f = 0), while a
      serum protein locus (SER1) may be linked to alpha-haptoglobin (lod score = 2.54
      at theta m = .20, theta f = .01). Six of seven polymorphic serum loci were
      previously located on two-dimensional gels: alpha-1 antitrypsin (PI), Gc-globulin
      (GC), alpha-2 HS glycoprotein (HSGA), alpha-haptoglobin (HP), and two
      apolipoproteins (APOE and APOA4). Six of 17 polymorphisms detected in fibroblasts
      were positionally identical to polymorphic loci seen in lymphocytes. These
      studies indicate a minimum level of average protein charge heterozygosity of
      approximately 2.2% for the most predominant human cellular proteins and of 5.6%
      for the most predominant proteins of serum.

PMID- 3863482
TI  - Unaffected carrier males in families with fragile X syndrome.
AB  - Males who transmit the fragile X chromosome but are themselves clinically normal
      have occasionally been observed. We have studied three families segregating the
      fragile X. In one family, there are three unaffected carrier males, and in each
      of the other two families, there is one unaffected carrier male. Three of these
      carrier males were studied cytogenetically, and none exhibited the fra(X)(q27)
      marker. The occurrence of carrier males and of other unusual genetic features in
      fragile X families suggest that this condition is not inherited as a standard
      recessive trait linked to the X chromosome.

PMID- 3863483
TI  - Identity-by-descent analysis of sibship configurations.
AB  - This study considers configurations of identity-by-descent sharing in sibships as
      an alternative to breaking the sibship into sib pairs. A general method is
      presented for specifying all distinct configurations and deriving their
      probabilities. The method works for sibships of arbitrary size and can be
      implemented with paper and pencil. Specific results are given for sibships up to
      size six. Applications for disease-marker studies are discussed.

PMID- 3863484
TI  - Saying goodbye.

PMID- 3863485
TI  - Uterine rupture with the use of vaginal prostaglandin E2.

PMID- 3863486
TI  - Dentofacial orthopedics in relation to somatic maturation. An analysis of 70
      consecutive cases treated with the Herbst appliance.
AB  - Mandibular treatment changes were related to somatic maturation in 70 consecutive
      cases of Class II malocclusion (52 boys and 18 girls, aged 10 to 16 years)
      treated with the Herbst appliance for an average period of 7 months. Sagittal and
      vertical alterations in mandibular condylar growth and sagittal changes in molar
      and incisor tooth position were analyzed by means of mouth-open profile
      roentgenograms. The somatic maturity level of the patients was assessed by means
      of longitudinal growth records of standing height. The treatment period was
      related to the peak height velocity by dividing the patients into three growth
      period groups: prepeak, peak, and postpeak. Herbst treatment resulted in Class I
      dental arch relationships in all patients. Post-Herbst treatment changes were not
      evaluated in this study. Sagittal condylar growth was increased and the
      mandibular molars and incisors were moved anteriorly. When the mandibular
      skeletal and dental changes were related to the subjects' somatic maturation,
      significant differences between the different growth periods existed in boys and
      tendencies were noted in girls as follows: sagittal condylar growth was most
      pronounced in the peak period, anterior molar movement was equally large in all
      growth periods, and anterior incisor movement was most extensive in the postpeak
      period. To take advantage of the increase in condylar growth response and to
      reduce the time of posttreatment retention, it is suggested that Herbst therapy
      be instituted close to peak height velocity.

PMID- 3863487
TI  - Posttreatment changes of skeletal morphology following treatment aimed at
      restriction of maxillary growth.
AB  - In the evaluation of the success of orthodontic treatment, an analysis of
      posttreatment changes was essential. Twenty-eight patients with increased overjet
      and overbite, a high mandibular plane angle, and perioral dysfunction had been
      treated by means of normal maximal restriction of maxillary development. The
      posttreatment changes of the skeletal morphology was analyzed and related to both
      pretreatment morphology and treatment-produced changes. The correlation analysis
      demonstrated that less than 25% of the variation in posttreatment changes could
      be accounted for by pretreatment morphology. However, the dependency of
      posttreatment changes on treatment-produced changes was stronger with regard to
      both linear and angular measurements. Upon analyzing the changes in mandibular
      prognathism during and after treatment, all combinations of downward and forward
      growth were presented. In some cases the increase in prognathism during treatment
      would continue after treatment; in others the reverse was true. Opening of the Y
      axis would in some cases be constant, leading to a decrease in mandibular
      prognathism. In others a pronounced anterior rotation moved the pogonion forward
      following treatment. A dental relapse as a consequence of skeletal relapse was
      seen only in cases in which normal perioral function, including normal lip
      closure and absence of tongue-thrust swallowing, had not been established.

PMID- 3863488
TI  - Holographic and cephalometric study of the relationship between craniofacial
      morphology and the initial reactions to high-pull headgear traction.
AB  - Eight macerated human child skulls with a dental age of approximately 9.5 years
      (mixed dentition) were consecutively subjected to an experimental standardized
      high-pull headgear traction system attached to the maxilla at the first permanent
      molar area via an immovable acrylic resin splint covering all teeth. This system
      produced tensile forces from 0.5 to 3.5 N (1 N = 0.10 kg) per side. Laser
      holography was used to measure displacements in a three-dimensional coordinate
      system. Displacements varied in direction. In addition, conventional
      cephalometric analysis of standardized lateral roentgen cephalograms was
      performed. Displacements and cephalometric data were then compared. Results
      indicate that the direction of initial displacements of bones of the facial
      skeleton bears a definite relationship to the morphology of the individual skull.
      In skulls with high divergency values (large angles, sella-nasion-occlusal plane,
      sella-nasion-mandibular plane), displacements are in a backward and posterior
      downward direction; in skulls with a small sella-nasion-occlusal plane angle,
      backward displacements occur in a direction almost parallel to the occlusal
      plane.

PMID- 3863489
TI  - Cephalometric comparisons of the dentofacial relationships of two adolescent
      populations from Iowa and northern Mexico.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to develop cephalometric standards for North Mexican
      male and female adolescents. The subjects evaluated in the study included 36
      North Mexican boys with a mean age of 12.8 years and 45 North Mexican girls with
      a mean age of 13.0 years. The Iowa sample included 20 boys and 15 girls of
      similar age who were participants in the longitudinal facial growth study at the
      University of Iowa. Basic descriptive statistics are presented on 26
      cephalometric parameters arranged in five categories: skeletal angular
      relationships, skeletal linear relationships, dental angular relationships,
      dental linear relationships, and soft-tissue profile relationships. The general
      linear models procedure--analysis of variance--was used for comparisons between
      the two populations. F values were calculated for the overall group comparisons
      and indicated the presence of statistically significant differences between the
      four subgroups examined, namely, Iowa boys and girls and North Mexican boys and
      girls. Significant differences between boys and girls within each population were
      found in the skeletal linear parameters of both the anterior and posterior face
      heights. Furthermore, in the North Mexican population, the Holdaway soft-tissue
      angle was significantly larger in boys than in girls, indicating a more convex
      soft-tissue profile for boys at this age. When comparisons were made between the
      two populations, it was of interest to note the absence of any significant
      differences between the North Mexican and Iowa boys. But when the North Mexican
      girls were compared to the Iowa girls, the SNB and SNPog angles, as well as the
      ratio of posterior face heights, were significantly larger for the North Mexican
      girls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3863490
TI  - Perceptions of facial profile and their influence on the decision to undergo
      orthognathic surgery.
AB  - Eighty patients, who had previously been evaluated by an oral surgeon and an
      orthodontist as requiring orthognathic surgery, completed questionnaires rating
      their perceptions of their own profiles. Half of the patients had decided to
      undergo surgical correction of their jaw deformities, while the other half had
      decided against surgical treatment. In addition, booklets containing pretreatment
      photographs of all 80 patients were mailed to 37 oral surgeons, 46 orthodontists,
      and 43 lay persons. These three groups of evaluators rated the patients'
      profiles, using the same rating scales that the patients had used.
      Cephalometrically, the two patient groups were statistically the same in all
      skeletal and soft-tissue measures except for ANB (mean difference = 1.8 degrees)
      and soft-tissue AN-pogonion (mean difference = 2.4 degrees). Differences in these
      dimensions were considered in subsequent data analyses. Results of this study
      support the following conclusions: In spite of the fact that surgical treatment
      may be recommended by dental specialists and indicated by cephalometric
      measurements, self-perceptions of profile are more important in the patient's
      decision to elect surgical correction; the perception by others that the profiles
      of patients deciding against surgery are closer to ideal may have some influence
      on their decision against surgical correction of their jaw deformities; oral
      surgeons and orthodontists evaluate facial profiles similarly, but surgeons are
      more likely to recommend surgical correction; lay persons are more likely to rate
      an individual's profile as being normal than are dental specialists in
      orthodontics and oral surgery; in contrast, individuals perceive their own
      profiles differently than orthodontists, oral surgeons, and lay persons,
      particularly with respect to the mandibular and dentoalveolar dimensions.

PMID- 3863491
TI  - Dentoskeletal and tongue soft-tissue correlates: a cephalometric analysis of rest
      position.
AB  - The relationship between dentoskeletal and tongue soft-tissue variables has been
      quantified in a sample of 60 adult females with normal and anterior open-bite
      malocclusions. Three lateral rest-position head films were obtained for each
      subject. A principal component analysis reduced the data base and six significant
      canonical correlations were identified. The first canonical correlation (r1 =
      0.962) represented a size-related correlation factor between the two groups of
      variables. Subjects with characteristics of a short face syndrome and some
      evidence of overbite had tongue tips positioned below the lower occlusal plane
      (r2 = 0.929). In contrast, skeletal open-bite subjects (r4 = 0.759) revealed
      tongue tips ahead of and above the lower incisor teeth with the mandible in the
      rest position. Undererupted mandibular teeth (r5 = 0.666) were associated with a
      reduced tongue height and an inferior epiglottis; short tongue length (r6 =
      0.563) correlated with a linear combination of upright central incisors, a small
      overjet, a low ANB angle, unerupted maxillary and mandibular teeth, and a steep
      occlusal plane. The multivariate statistical analysis extracted clinically
      significant associations between tongue soft-tissue and dentoskeletal variables.
      Tongue posture at rest in skeletal open-bite subjects appeared to be related to
      incisor position.

PMID- 3863492
TI  - Temporomandibular joint: computed tomographic three-dimensional reconstruction.
AB  - Computed tomography represents an effective and highly automated method to
      display biomedical data from many sources. It has a number of advantages over
      previous reconstruction methods, particularly the ability to automatically locate
      object-boundary outlines and produce shaded three-dimensional images of
      reconstructed data. A three-dimensional reconstruction of the temporomandibular
      joint was performed successfully on five cadaver heads using the Phillips
      Tomoscan and IP5000 image processor. The program used in this study of the
      temporomandibular joint is divided into five distinct steps: data gathering,
      rotation and projection, filtering, smoothing, and shading. Comparison of this
      type of data is important in the study of the normal and abnormal anatomy of the
      temporomandibular joint. Similarly, quantitative data obtained from reconstructed
      computed tomograms can be used to study normal anatomy in vivo and to examine the
      effects of various treatment modalities on the size and morphologic
      characteristics of tumors and other pathologic entities.

PMID- 3863493
TI  - Renal prostanoids after unclipping the denervated one-kidney, one-clip
      hypertensive rat.
AB  - The contribution of the renal nerves in maintaining blood pressure and modulating
      renal prostanoid synthesis was examined in established (less than 8 wk in
      duration) one-kidney, one-clip (1K,1C) hypertension in the rat. Systolic blood
      pressure was measured for 7 days after renal denervation, at which time the renal
      artery clip was removed. Twenty-four-hour urinary excretion of PGE2 and 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha (stable degradation product of PGI2) was determined before and after
      denervation and unclipping. Compared with sham-denervated rats, denervation (n =
      15) resulted in a small but significant fall in blood pressure (from 216 +/- 4 to
      182 +/- 4 mmHg after 48 h) and an increase in urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (from 31
      +/- 4 to 43 +/- 5 ng/24 h after 24 h). There was no change in PGE2 excretion.
      Seven days after surgery, blood pressures were similar in denervated (202 +/- 4
      mmHg) and sham-denervated (211 +/- 5 mmHg) rats and fell to a similar extent 24 h
      after unclipping (142 +/- 3 and 147 +/- 4 mmHg, respectively). Urinary 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha increased from 25 +/- 5 to 74 +/- 11 in denervated and 21 +/- 2 to 72
      +/- 9 ng/24 h in sham-denervated rats in the 24 h after unclipping. PGE2
      excretion increased approximately twofold over this period. These findings
      indicate that the renal nerves have only a minor role in established hypertension
      in the 1K,1C rat and that the reversal of hypertension and stimulation of renal
      prostanoid synthesis following unclipping is not dependent on neural mechanisms.

PMID- 3863494
TI  - Group therapy with anorexic and bulimic patients: implications for therapeutic
      intervention.
AB  - The incidence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia has increased markedly during the
      last decade. Although numerous studies have appeared regarding the dynamics of
      the eating-disordered patient, few have attempted to link the unique pathology of
      these patients to specific psychotherapeutic interventions. This paper is based
      on the authors' experience as co-therapists with a group of eating-disordered
      patients over an eight months' period. It addresses itself to therapeutic
      interventions related to the particular dynamics of bulimics and anorexics.

PMID- 3863495
TI  - The mechanism of the inhibitory effect of progesterone on lymphocyte
      cytotoxicity: I. Progesterone-treated lymphocytes release a substance inhibiting
      cytotoxicity and prostaglandin synthesis.
AB  - Progesterone-treated lymphocytes (generator lymphocytes) of healthy pregnant
      women release a nondialyzable factor that inhibits both cytotoxic activity and
      prostaglandin F2 alpha synthesis of test lymphocytes. Production of this factor
      is blocked by protein synthesis inhibitors (cycloheximide and actinomycin D).
      Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis of the partially purified
      material revealed a main 34,000 MW protein band. Progesterone-treated lymphocytes
      of pregnant women showing clinical symptoms of threatened preterm delivery (risk
      group) failed to release this substance.

PMID- 3863496
TI  - [Infection costs of maintaining artificial respiration].

PMID- 3863497
TI  - A new site for the adjustable pressure limiting valve on a circle absorber.
AB  - A new site for the adjustable pressure limiting valve has been suggested which
      will result in the most efficient utilisation of soda lime using typical flows
      with a circle absorber system. It will permit economy of fresh gases using old
      models of circle absorbers in which the adjustable pressure limiting valve and
      fresh gas inlet are both situated upstream of the inspiratory unidirectional
      valve. The cost of the new attachment is small.

PMID- 3863498
TI  - [Indications for use of high-frequency artificial pulmonary ventilation].

PMID- 3863499
TI  - Comparative study between Wits appraisal and I line.
AB  - By using a sample of 104 young people of both sexes, 17 of them with a good
      relation of tooth apical base and little or no incisor discrepancy, the authors
      tried to establish a possible relationship between the Wits appraisal and the I
      line and to examine the several correlations among selected groups. The authors
      find that the values obtained through the two methods together might give a rapid
      view of the cephalometric condition of the patient with regard to the
      relationship of the apical structures and discrepancy in the lower incisor
      relation to the maxillomandibular complex. Based on the findings, the following
      conclusions might be drawn: Nearly 16% of the sample had a good apical relation
      and little or no incisor discrepancy The majority of the male population was
      represented by individuals with a good relation of apical bases and negative
      discrepancy (dental protrusion) The majority of the female sample was represented
      by patients with deficient apical relation (slight mandibular protrusion) and
      negative incisor discrepancy (dental protrusion). The simultaneous usage of Wits
      appraisal and I line evaluation can offer a simple way to get an objective and
      rapid vision of the maxillomandibular relation and the incisor discrepancy. But
      only a meticulous complete clinical and cephalometric examination can establish
      the critical elements that compose a diagnosis, considering the aetiopathogenesis
      of the anomalies of the patient and the related data, to proceed with the
      execution of the correct therapy to be applied in orthodontic treatment.

PMID- 3863500
TI  - Mouth breathing, occlusion, and modernization in a north Indian population. An
      epidemiologic study.
AB  - Village-dwelling Punjabi youths show significantly better dental occlusion and
      less chronic respiratory allergy than their city-dwelling counterparts. Field
      diagnosis finds posterior crossbite the only occlusal condition correlated with
      mouth breathing in the samples studied.

PMID- 3863501
TI  - Facial, dentoalveolar and dental morphology in serial or early extraction.
AB  - Matched controls are used to identify differences in facial morphology related to
      the severe crowding in patients treated with serial extraction or early
      extraction of bicuspids.

PMID- 3863502
TI  - Class II, division 2 treatment and mandibular growth.
AB  - A statistical evaluation of relationships between orthodontic treatment of Class
      II, Division 2 malocclusion and mandibular growth and position, finding
      significant positive effects of treatment.

PMID- 3863503
TI  - Alveolar arch dimensions, orthodontic treatment and absence of permanent teeth
      among Finnish students. An epidemiologic study.
AB  - Statistical comparison of arch width, length and palatal height with age, sex,
      orthodontic treatment and extractions finds little correlation except a tendency
      for larger dimensions in males, especially in palatal width, and differences
      related to postextraction drift.

PMID- 3863504
TI  - Alveolar arch dimensions and occlusal traits. An epidemiologic study.
AB  - A statistical evaluation of dentoalveolar relationships in a cross-section of
      young Finnish adults, finding little relationship between occlusal anomalies and
      dimensions of the alveolar arches.

PMID- 3863505
TI  - Space anomalies, missing permanent teeth and orthodontic treatment.
AB  - Statistical association of crowding and spacing with age, sex, orthodontic
      treatment and extractions finds a tendency for more maxillary posterior spacing
      in males and more lower anterior spacing in females. Extractions were also
      associated with spacing. No association was found between spacing and orthodontic
      treatment.

PMID- 3863506
TI  - Response of the midface to treatment with increased vertical occlusal forces.
      Treatment and posttreatment effects in monkeys.
AB  - Posterior occlusal bite blocks of varying thicknesses inserted in seven juvenile
      and six adolescent monkeys resulted in changes in maxillary position and dental
      intrusion.

PMID- 3863507
TI  - Reduced progesterone and altered cotyledonary prostaglandin values induced by
      locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus) in sheep.
AB  - Feeding 300 or 400 g of dried spotted locoweed, Astragalus lentiginosus per day
      to 11 pregnant Columbia ewes from the 20th to the 50th days of their gestations
      resulted in dead and edematous fetuses. Aspartate aminotransferase values were
      increased, whereas serum progesterone values were significantly diminished (P
      less than 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner by locoweed ingestion. Cotyledonary 6
      keto-prostaglandin (PG)F1 alpha (400 g/day only) and PGF2 alpha (300 and 400
      g/day) values were significantly increased (P less than 0.05), whereas PGE values
      were not affected by the treatment. Alterations in PG values in these sheep may
      be a mechanism for altering corpus luteum function and inducing fetal death,
      which would ultimately result in abortion.

PMID- 3863508
TI  - Surgical treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is rare and only affects a small number of children
      but can lead to severe crippling of adolescents or adults unless they are treated
      early. In this review the problems encountered in the surgical treatment,
      particularly those caused by skeletal stunting are discussed. The results of
      synovectomy of the knee and elbow are valuable procedures in suitably selected
      patients. Stapling of the knee in young children with genu valgum gave good
      correction in the majority. Soft tissue operation on the hip and knee in young
      children with severe deformities have given encouraging results. Complications
      and the results of reconstructive surgery for the hip and knee are discussed, and
      it was found that total joint replacement in these young patients with badly
      damaged hips is fully justified before they become chairbound.

PMID- 3863509
TI  - Cervical spine involvement in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Cervical spine involvement in rheumatoid patients is common, the clinical
      symptoms varying from the asymptomatic state to severe occipito-cervical pain and
      various neurological syndromes. Atlanto-axial subluxation is the most common
      deformity and it should be operated on if it causes medullary compression signs
      or severe occipito-cervical headache and has an instability amplitude greater
      than 9 mm. Experience based on 155 cases of operatively treated rheumatoid
      cervical spine instabilities and deformities is described and discussed.

PMID- 3863510
TI  - Present attitudes on timing of surgical interventions in the treatment of
      rheumatoid disease.

PMID- 3863511
TI  - Synovectomy of the hand and wrist.
AB  - Synovectomy of tendons gives excellent results with rare recurrence. This is
      because the local environment is altered from a closed space into a decompressed
      area of healthy fat. The synovium can invade and destroy tendon, cartilage or
      bone when in a closed space and under pressure. Unfortunately, the environment
      can not be so altered in a joint. Joint synovectomy, however, is the only
      procedure available to prolong function of the patient's own joint (and relieve
      pain) for an "X" amount of time, which depends upon the course of the generalized
      disease. After two to three years, the result of a synovectomy is dependent upon
      the course of the general disease activity and not the surgery. It is absolutely
      necessary that general medical treatment be carried on before, during, and after
      surgery, as the surgery is only one incident, often dramatic, in total care of
      the patient. Chemical synovectomy of the hand has been shown to have variable
      results with only short-term gains being noted. Surgical synovectomy is indicated
      when synovitis persists in spite of adequate medical management and there is pain
      and early correctible deformities. Besides removing the synovium, it is necessary
      to reconstruct the capsular support and correct alignment. Flexor tenosynovitis
      in the fingers should be treated with decompression of the digital sheath, not
      incising the pulley system due to the possibility of accentuating the forces
      causing ulnar drift. Dorsal tenosynovitis in the wrist is treated by
      tenosynovectomy, synovectomy, resection of the distal ulna, reconstruction of the
      ulnar side of the wrist and transposition of the dorsal carpal ligament beneath
      the extensor tendons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3863512
TI  - Elbow synovectomy.

PMID- 3863513
TI  - Shoulder synovectomy.
AB  - The technique and results of synovectomy of the shoulder joint in rheumatoid
      arthritis with a mean follow up time of 5.3 years (1-16 years) is described. The
      original method included resection of acromion after loosening of the deltoid
      muscle and splitting of the rotator cuff. Since 1981 the simpler approach of Neer
      without resection of acromion has been used (for synovectomy as well as for
      prosthetic replacement) with an easier postoperative management and equally good
      results. Only in 6 of 54 shoulders a total replacement prosthesis has been
      inserted later, an indication of the lasting good effect of synovectomy, even in
      advanced cases where an additional debridement was necessary. The best results
      are obtained in early cases. Radiographic changes are late, indications should be
      based more on clinical findings. Access to good training facilities is mandatory.

PMID- 3863514
TI  - A review of knee joint synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis with theoretical and
      technical considerations.
AB  - The general idea regarding knee joint synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis and
      author's own surgical technique to fulfil this challenge is described. The
      protection of the extensor mechanism of the knee from surgical damage and the
      technique of removing as much rheumatoid inflammatory tissue from the joint as
      possible by combining it with meticulous debridement procedure are of primary
      importance. Postoperative management should vary depending on and preoperative
      findings in the joint operated upon. According to the author, these ideas and
      techniques could be applied to any other joint of a patient suffering from
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3863515
TI  - Correction of swan-neck and boutonniere deformities.
AB  - Rheumatoid arthritis frequently affecting the hand is a progressive and disabling
      illness. The delicate and precis digital motor mechanism is frequently affected
      by this disease and the consequences are devastating, with marked functional
      impairment. This paper discusses two of the most frequent digital deformities:
      the swan-neck and boutonniere. The pathophysiology, and classification according
      to the evolution grades of these deformities are presented. Practical application
      of various surgical techniques, each worked out and proven over 30 years of
      experience and a great number of cases treated is described. Unfortunately, the
      results are still modest in relation to the destruction created by this
      progressive pathology. However, we rely on certain modern techniques and thus
      obtain considerable functional improvement. The elastomer or silicone rubber
      prosthesis, implanted with sophisticated techniques and delicate handling of
      tissues is one of most significant innovations.

PMID- 3863516
TI  - Flexible implant resection arthroplasty for the rheumatoid hand and wrist.
AB  - Surgery of destroyed joints in the hand and wrist in the arthritic patient can be
      added to the armamentarium of the reconstructive arthritis surgeon. With proper
      patient selection, appropriate surgical technique, and postoperative management,
      rewarding results with freedom of pain and improved function can be expected.

PMID- 3863517
TI  - When does the rheumatologist need surgical consultation?
AB  - The rheumatologist is in many ways dependent on the help of the surgeon, from the
      early diagnosis of arthritis to the treatment of old destruction. The longer the
      medical history of the condition, the more important its surgical treatment.
      Collaboration between rheumatologists and surgeons should be encouraged. It is
      generally best to have a rheumatologist in charge of the patient. The
      rheumatologist then consults a surgeon when necessary. Rheumatologists must be
      sufficiently well acquainted with the indications for and prospects of surgical
      treatment. Only then can they consult a surgeon at the right moment on the need
      for surgical treatment. Rheumatological treatment and consultation units should
      be built to allow for convenient regular orthopaedic consultation.

PMID- 3863518
TI  - Total knee arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Total knee replacement in rheumatoid arthritis has evolved into a very reliable
      procedure for the relief of pain and restoration of function. Minimum of two year
      follow-ups using the most recent components and surgical techniques show that
      pain relief is good in 97 per cent of patients and range of motion averages 111
      degrees. Although the rheumatoid patient presents many potential hazards and
      problems because of systemic disease most of these can be minimized or overcome
      by meticulous attention to pre-operative evaluation, planning, and operative
      technique.

PMID- 3863519
TI  - The need for elbow replacement.

PMID- 3863520
TI  - Shoulder replacement arthroplasty.
AB  - Since 1973 64 shoulders in 56 patients have had a prosthetic replacement at the
      Oslo Sanitetsforening Rheumatism Hospital, the semi-constrained prosthesis of
      Lettin/Stanmore was used in 13 cases, the non-constrained prosthesis of
      Engelbrecht/St. Georg in 10 cases and Neer's type II prosthesis in 41 cases. An
      evaluation of the results is given. The minimal muscular loosening recommended by
      Neer is facilitating the postoperative training. The best results regarding
      function and pain reduction have been obtained by the Neer prosthesis, but the
      lack of cranial support ("fornix humeri") and the ovalization of the head seem to
      be responsible for some cases of upward migration of the head of the prosthesis.
      The ideal prosthesis should be non-constrained and come with different lengths of
      the neck and at least in two sizes of the head and several sizes of the stem. The
      glenoid socket should provide a cranial support facilitating the centering.
      Special problems are met with in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A best possible
      reconstruction of the rotator cuff and the deltoid is mandatory, requiring good
      technical skill.

PMID- 3863521
TI  - Reconstructive foot surgery.
AB  - In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) we find a high rate of foot involvements, especially
      in progressive cases when we see patients submitted for hospital treatment. In
      about 50% of these patients the ankle joints are involved (25), in juvenile RA
      even in two thirds of all cases. More than half of all progressive cases show
      also joint affections of the forefoot. Mainly the metatarsophalangeal joints are
      involved, especially the first MTP joint. We also can find a high involvement
      rate of the interphalangeal joint of the big toe. In RA the peripheral toe joints
      II-V are less frequently involved. Changes in these joints are very much likely
      to be caused by other inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Even more often than in
      the ankle joints we can find changes in the tarsal joints, as well as in the
      tarsometatarsal joints. As we know, in RA the incidence of surgery does not refer
      to the affection rate. The indication for surgery depends mainly on the amount of
      functional disability, pain, and the efficacy of conservative treatment. The need
      of these therapies can differ very much in various countries. E.g. in the
      Rheumatism Foundation Hospital, Heinola more than one third of all operations
      were foot surgery, whereas in our clinic, organised in a very similar way to
      Heinola, we have "only" 20%. Apart from tenosynovectomies and synovectomies at
      the ankle joint, the operations are nearly exclusively of reconstructive
      character.

PMID- 3863522
TI  - The role of non-prosthetic surgery in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by
      fusions and auto-arthroplasties. Current practice at the Rheumatism Foundation
      Hospital, Heinola.
AB  - After the introduction of modern artificial joints the classical operation
      methods, such as osteotomies, arthrodeses and auto-arthroplasties, have been
      forced aside little by little. Irrespective of the late complications following
      replacement surgery, the patients today expect a movable, painless
      endoprosthesis, which at it best seems to benefit the patient. The question
      arises whether the classical methods still have a role in the surgical treatment
      of rheumatoid arthritis. The reply is "yes", they do have a fair share of
      rheumatoid surgery, indeed. They still compete with the modern endoprosthetic
      surgery for the place of the primary operation in many cases. To give instances,
      tarsal reconstruction by subtaloid arthrodesis is superior to other methods and
      arthrodesis of the wrist is often only reasonable way to get a strong, painless
      key joint to the hand. Even the shoulder arthrodesis may successfully compete
      with an endoprosthesis. Also classical auto-arthroplasties such as resection
      arthroplasties of the metacarpophalangeal and elbow joints are serious rivals of
      respective endoprostheses. The practice of Rheumatism Foundation Hospital (RFH)
      in the golden mean between the endoprosthesis enthusiasts and their opponents
      will be described in this article. The practice varies greatly from clinic to
      clinic and is progressing--and regressing--all the time.

PMID- 3863524
TI  - Primary malignancies of the fallopian tube.
AB  - Ten cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube occurring over 23 year
      period are presented. The mean age of the patients was 61.2 +/- 9.2 years (range
      48-77). Eight of the patients were postmenopausal. Abnormal vaginal bleeding was
      the most common symptom and was present in six patients. A pelvic mass was
      detected in seven cases. In one of the patients abnormal vaginal cytology was
      leading to correct diagnosis. The problem of the disease is a late diagnosis.
      Eight of the ten patients with tubal adenocarcinoma represented clinical Stage
      III or IV. Four of the patients are alive more than ten years after the
      diagnosis. A rare case of carcinosarcoma of the fallopian tube is presented. Only
      26 such cases have been described in the literature to date. In addition a case
      of tubal choriocarcinoma is reported.

PMID- 3863523
TI  - Uterine sarcomas.
AB  - During 1962-1980, 44 uterine sarcomas were treated at the Department of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Tampere University Central Hospital. Of the
      sarcomas, 35 (79%) were leiomyosarcomas, six (14%) endometrial stromal sarcomas
      and three (7%) endometrial carcinosarcomas. The 5-year survival for patients with
      leiomyosarcoma was 51 per cent. The 5-year survival rate for the premenopausal
      patients was 73% and that for postmenopausal patients 20%. The most important
      prognostic indicator was the gross presentation of the tumor at the time of
      surgery. Of the 5-year survival patients 94% were of clinical Stage I and of the
      failed patients 55%, respectively. Rather poor correlation was noted between the
      mitotic activity and survival rate. Metastases to the lungs were the most common
      failure pathway. All six patients with endometrial stromal sarcomas died within
      25 months after the diagnosis. High oestrogen and progestin receptor
      concentrations were demonstrated in the endometrial stromal sarcoma.

PMID- 3863525
TI  - Quantification of urethral closure function by SUI threshold after pubococcygeal
      sling operation.
AB  - Thirty-one female patients were investigated 4.8 +/- 2.5 years after
      pubococcygeal repair for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Eighteen patients had
      a successful operation with total cure or marked improvement and 13 had a failed
      operation. The results of the operation were further evaluated clinically by
      detailed patient history and urodynamically by urethrocystometry (UCM). The
      severity of the SUI symptoms was evaluated by recording the physical stress
      causing incontinence, restrictions of daily activities and social life and use of
      protective pads. The symptoms were graded by the SUI score ranging from 0 to 10.
      The bladder pressure rise necessary for urinary leakage during coughing (The SUI
      threshold) was measured by UCM. The mean SUI score was 2.2 +/- 1.0 and 6.9 +/-
      4.8 after successful and failed operations, respectively and the SUI threshold
      was 85 cm H2O and 57.5 cm H2O after successful and failed operations,
      respectively. The SUI threshold had a significant negative correlation with the
      SUI score. It is suggested that the SUI threshold is a valuable addition to UCM
      determining objectively the results of incontinence surgery. It should be
      measured each time an UCM is performed.

PMID- 3863526
TI  - Relationship of vulvar lichen sclerosus et atrophicus to carcinoma.
AB  - Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus was an associated lesion in 16 of 30 (53%)
      patients with invasive vulvar carcinoma. In one case invasive carcinoma developed
      in the background of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Additionally in one case
      lichen sclerosus was found at the margin of the carcinoma. Despite the low
      malignant potential, patients with vulvar lichen sclerosus et atrophicus need
      long-standing observation and recurrent histologic examinations.

PMID- 3863527
TI  - Serum vitamin A and E levels in patients with lichen sclerosus and carcinoma of
      the vulva--effect of oral etretinate treatment.
AB  - Serum vitamin A and E concentrations were determined in six patients with vulvar
      epithelial carcinoma and in 25 patients with lichen sclerosus and atrophicus
      (LSA) of the vulva. No difference could be found in these levels between the two
      groups. LSA patients received oral etretinate for two months at least;
      improvement was observed in 93% of the patients. Etretinate therapy had no effect
      on the serum levels of vitamins A or E.

PMID- 3863528
TI  - Pharmacologic management and controlled cord traction in the third stage of
      labour.
AB  - Active management of the third stage of 62 944 labours over a period of 15 years
      (1970-84) constituted an intramuscularly administered combination of ergometrine
      (0.2 mg) and oxytocin (5 units), and controlled cord traction as mechanical
      assistance in delivery of the placenta. By these means manual removal of the
      placenta was performed in 0.67% of all deliveries, uterine inversion was found in
      5 cases (1 in 12 588 deliveries) and blood transfusion necessary in 1.67% of all
      deliveries during puerperium. Oxytocin injection of 40-100 units into the
      umbilical vein of the retained placenta was performed in 40 cases. In 12 (30%) of
      these cases the placenta was separated by this new method. Previous use of
      intrauterine devices was a new etiological factor in the abnormally adherent
      placenta.

PMID- 3863529
TI  - The effects of long-term anticonvulsant drug therapy on vitamin D metabolites and
      mineral homeostasis in pregnant epileptic women and their newborns.
AB  - Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), (24,25(OH)2D), 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), total calcium, protein, phosphorus, magnesium
      and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured in 21 epileptic and 20 healthy
      control mothers. Serum samples were collected in the third trimester of pregnancy
      and at delivery, when also mixed blood from the umbilical cord was drawn. 25(OH)D
      concentrations were similar in both groups and different anticonvulsant drugs had
      no effects on values. There were small alterations in dihydroxylated vitamin D
      metabolites. 24,25(OH)2D values were decreased and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations
      increased. The difference was significant (p less than 0.05) in maternal
      1,25(OH)2D values at delivery. Other alterations were statistically almost
      significant. There was no difference between the diphenylhydantoin and
      carbamazepine groups. Calcium concentrations were significantly higher in the
      control than in the epileptic group (in the third trimester p less than 0.01 and
      at delivery p less than 0.001). Magnesium and phosphorus concentrations were
      similar in both groups. ALP concentrations were higher in epileptics than in
      control subjects. Though there were differences in maternal values between
      epileptics and controls, the fetal concentrations of the analyzed parameters were
      quite similar in both groups, except for ALP values, which were significantly
      higher (p less than 0.05) in epileptics than in controls. It was found only
      slight alterations in vitamin D metabolites. These changes cannot explain
      hypocalcaemia and osteopenia found often in these patients.

PMID- 3863530
TI  - Maternal blood haemostatic-fibrinolytic balance and intrauterine growth
      retardation.
AB  - In order to study the association between haemostatic-fibrinolytic balance during
      late pregnancy and retarded foetal growth, 22 mothers with suspected intrauterine
      growth retardation were studied by blood haematocrit and platelet count, plasma
      fibrinogen and serum fibrinogen degenerating products (FDP) in late pregnancy.
      Fifteen mothers with undisturbed foetal growth served as controls. No statistical
      differences could be found between these two groups of mothers in any of the
      studied blood parameters. It is thus concluded that a defect in the haemostatic
      fibrinolytic balance seems not to play any very important role in the etiology of
      intrauterine growth retardation.

PMID- 3863531
TI  - Clonidine in the treatment of hypertension during pregnancy.
AB  - Eighty two hypertensive pregnant patients were treated with clonidine during the
      last trimester of pregnancy. Clonidine was effective hypotensive agent in all
      groups treated; in essential hypertension (N 31), in mild pre-eclampsia (N 7), in
      severe pre-eclampsia (N 19) and in superimposed pre-eclampsia (N 24). The drug
      was well tolerated by the mothers. One fetus died in utero in severe pre
      eclampsia group for hypoxia and another infant died at the age of 1 day for
      sepsis. If antihypertensive treatment is needed during pregnancy, clonidine is
      one choice.

PMID- 3863532
TI  - The use of radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies to human milk fat globule membrane
      antigens in antibody-guided tumour imaging, and administration of therapeutic
      dose of labelled antibody in wide-spread ovarian carcinoma. A preliminary report.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies generated against human milk fat globule membrane antigens
      were used in antibody-guided tumour imaging and palliative therapy in a case of
      wide-spread ovarian carcinoma. Antibody III H 2, which previously has been shown
      to react with 100% of ovarian cystadenocarcinomas showed a strong reactivity with
      tissue sections obtained from the primary and metastatic tumours of the patient.
      Immunoglobulins were purified from mouse ascitic fluid containing III H 2 and
      labelled with 123I or 131I with the iodogen method. 80 MBq (2 mCi) of 123I
      labelled antibody was given intraperitoneally in 500 ml of PBS and the uptake of
      radiolabel was followed daily with emission tomography. Radiolabel was mainly
      located in the peritoneal cavity; only a very low activity was seen in the
      thyroid gland and urinary bladder. A therapeutic dose consisting of 600 MBq (15
      mCi) of 131I-labelled antibody was followed nine days later and the localization
      of the antibody was followed.

PMID- 3863533
TI  - Vitamin A and vitamin E in umbilical artery and vein.
AB  - Vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations were measured in 27 umbilical arterial and
      venous plasma samples obtained from 24 singleton pregnancies and one triplet
      pregnancy. The levels of both vitamins were similar in arterial and venous plasma
      (mean +/- S.D. vitamin A 209 +/- 41 micrograms/l and 220 +/- 51 micrograms/l;
      vitamin E: 2.31 +/- 0.74 mg/l and 2.31 +/- 0.76 mg/l, respectively), but
      individual differences were observed in some cases. A significant relationship (p
      less than 0.001) existed between the arterial and venous levels of both vitamins.
      However, when arterial vitamin A levels were plotted against venous levels, the
      slope of the regression line (0.61) was significantly (p less than 0.01)
      different from unity, which suggests that the placental transfer or fetal storage
      has an effect on the arterial-venous ration of this vitamin. The vitamin A values
      from the triplet pregnancy were quite low, but comparable with each other.

PMID- 3863534
TI  - Smoking and pregnancy: the influence of maternal and gestational factors on the
      outcome of pregnancy and the newborn.
AB  - In this multivariate prospective case controlled study a total of 576 pregnancies
      were examined. Of the mothers 162 were light, 46 moderate and 80 ex-smokers, and
      288 non-smokers. Forty variants of the mother, pregnancy, delivery and the
      newborn were taken in consideration. The mean gestational age in all study groups
      varied between 276-280 days, the maternal gestational weight gain between 12.2
      14.7 kg. No difference was observed in maternal pre-pregnant weight and height.
      Light smokers' newborns' mean birth weight was 3396 g, moderate smokers' 3196, ex
      smokers' 3516, and non smoking controls' 3577. When maternal size, gestational
      age and weight gain were standardised, smoking remained the only cause to explain
      the differences observed between smokers' and non-smokers' newborns'
      characteristics. No differences were observed between ex-smokers, women who
      stopped smoking during the first trimester of gestation, and non smoking
      controls.

PMID- 3863535
TI  - Low serum oestriol and Cushing's syndrome during pregnancy.
AB  - Previously in world literature there have been reports of 40 pregnancies in women
      with untreated Cushing's syndrome. The perinatal mortality in these series has
      been 12.9%. This paper reports on a case in which low serum oestriol excretion
      was the first abnormal laboratory value in a patient with only a few signs of
      Cushing's syndrome habitus and adrenal adenoma.

PMID- 3863536
TI  - The effect of hot and cold external application on experimentally induced
      inflammatory edema in guinea pigs: a pilot study.

PMID- 3863537
TI  - The inflammatory potential of dental Hydron: a literature review and pilot
      investigation in rats' connective tissue.

PMID- 3863538
TI  - A quick reference to common oral analgesics.

PMID- 3863539
TI  - Oligodontia: report of a family.

PMID- 3863540
TI  - Inheritance of hypodontia in consanguineous families of Arabic descent. A case
      report.

PMID- 3863541
TI  - Oral pathology biopsy service in a developing country, Nigeria.

PMID- 3863542
TI  - Applications to dental auxiliary training programs are returning to normal.

PMID- 3863543
TI  - The effects of naloxone in Tourette's syndrome.

PMID- 3863544
TI  - Nasal interferon responses in leukaemia.
AB  - Nasal concentrations of leucocyte interferon measured immunoradiometrically were
      appreciably higher in children infected with influenza viruses than those
      infected with paramyxoviruses. Regardless of the infecting virus, leukaemic
      children produced normal amounts of interferon, but this appeared to have little
      effect on the duration of excretion of virus.

PMID- 3863545
TI  - Weight gain and height velocity during prolonged first remission from acute
      lymphoblastic leukaemia.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 86 children in prolonged
      remission from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was performed to calculate changes
      in the rate of increase in height and weight gain. The rate of increase in height
      decreased during initial treatment, and the potential for final adult height was
      not regained. Weight gain was excessive; this started during treatment and
      persisted into the remission years. Values of weight adjusted for height did not
      return to values found before treatment until eight years after diagnosis.
      Several factors can account for this weight gain, but there is a practical need
      to provide dietary advice, particularly when chemotherapy is stopped.

PMID- 3863546
TI  - Epidermal synthesis and expression of HLA-DR on keratinocytes in lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - It has been suggested that aberrant expression of HLA-DR plays an important role
      in the induction of an autoimmune reaction. In lupus erythematosus (LE), skin
      represents a major target for autoimmune attack. We therefore tested lesional and
      nonlesional skin from 11 patients with different clinical subtypes of LE for the
      presence of HLA-DR molecules on keratinocytes using a monoclonal antibody against
      a non-polymorphic HLA-DR determinant. In all lesions tested, HLA-DR-positive
      keratinocytes were present, whereas in nonlesional skin, these cells remained HLA
      DR negative. To exclude the possibility of passive absorption of DR molecules,
      the de novo synthesis of HLA-DR was demonstrated by the presence of cytoplasmic
      HLA-DR gamma chains in keratinocytes. If aberrant HLA-DR expression is a primary
      event, it could facilitate the recognition of autoantigens on keratinocytes by
      immunocompetent cells. Alternatively, the synthesis of DR molecules could be
      induced as a secondary event by mediators derived from the inflammatory
      infiltrate.

PMID- 3863547
TI  - Primary osteosarcoma of left atrium: complete surgical excision.
AB  - A patient with primary osteogenic sarcoma of the left atrium with clinical
      features of severe congestive heart failure is described. The operative procedure
      required excision of the posterior atrial wall in continuity with the left
      pulmonary veins. The resultant defect in the atrium was reconstructed with the
      left atrial appendage. The left pulmonary artery was ligated, and the lung was
      removed at a subsequent procedure. The patient survived operation but
      subsequently was found to have distant metastasis. He died seven months after the
      operation.

PMID- 3863548
TI  - Somatic symptoms in primary affective disorder. Presence and relationship to the
      classification of depression.
AB  - The incidence and severity of somatic symptoms were determined in 132 patients
      with major depressive disorder and 80 normal controls. The role of somatic
      symptoms was analyzed in relation to the unipolar-bipolar division, Research
      Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) subtypes, hypersomnia, and appetite increase. The data
      suggest that the rate and level of somatic symptoms increased with the severity
      of depression and age, only appetite loss differentiated unipolar from bipolar
      patients, and the classic somatic symptoms of depression were present in most RDC
      subtypes and not exclusively associated with the "endogenous" subtype.
      Hypersomnia or increased appetite identified two overlapping depressive
      subgroups; patients in both groups were young and characterized by high
      interpersonal sensitivity. Hypersomniac depressed patients were less anxious and
      agitated; patients with increased appetite were more hostile and showed a greater
      decrease in libido than age-matched and sex-matched patients with neither
      symptom.

PMID- 3863549
TI  - Osteosarcoma after the fourth decade. A clinico-pathological review.
AB  - Of 160 cases of osteosarcoma seen over an 18-year period, 18 were over the age of
      40 at the time of presentation. The clinical presentation and histology of these
      cases is reviewed. Delay in referral and incorrect histological diagnoses were
      frequent. Only 2 cases were associated with Paget's disease.

PMID- 3863550
TI  - Dental cariogenic evaluation of foods using human plaque pH and an experimental
      rat-caries model.
AB  - Five well-characterized foods were used to compare two systems for estimating the
      cariogenic potential of food: human plaque-acidity using interdental metallic
      touch electrodes, and cariogenicity testing in rats. Both systems identified the
      same food as the least cariogenic or acidogenic food and identified the same
      three foods as being both cariogenic in rats and acidogenic in man, although the
      ranking of these foods differed. The systems differed in their assessment of
      potato chips, a food high in cooked starch and low in free sugars. The results
      confirmed that non-acidogenic foods are non-cariogenic, but that foods acidogenic
      in man may exhibit a greater range of cariogenicity in rats. Data from both human
      plaque pH studies and rat caries models may permit better assessment of
      cariogenic potential of foods containing fermentable carbohydrates.

PMID- 3863551
TI  - Ultrastructure of intra-epithelial nerve endings in the hard palate of the rat,
      Rattus norvegicus.
AB  - The ultrastructure is described of lanceolate and free nerve endings within the
      epithelium of the papillae of the intermolar palatal rugae, located either
      between the basement membranes and the bases of the epithelial cells, or
      suprabasally in the intercellular spaces of the epithelium. Cytoplasmic processes
      of epithelial cells invaginated the Schwann cells of the nerve endings; junctions
      between, or fusion of, the cell membranes of the epithelial cells and the Schwann
      cells were not found. The neurites of the nervous structures were characterized
      by numerous mitochondria, clear-cored vesicles and an axoplasmic reticulum. In
      lanceolate endings, asymmetric membrane densities existed between the neurite and
      its Schwann cell, the Schwann cell showing signs of pinocytotic activity at all
      sides of its plasma membrane. The basal lamina of the Schwann cell covering of
      the nerve endings appeared to be continuous with the basal lamina of the
      epithelium.

PMID- 3863552
TI  - Development of sensory and reflex responses to tooth-pulp stimulation in
      children.
AB  - Electric stimulation was applied to the tooth-pulp and tongue in 12 children
      divided into 3 groups according to the development of the roots of the upper
      first incisors, i.e. 1/2, 3/4 and fully formed. The masseter inhibitory periods
      (MIP) could be evoked by electric stimulation of the tongue at sensory threshold
      current levels in all children, but only for incisors with fully-formed roots.
      Stimulation of incisors with 3/4 formed roots at detection-threshold currents
      produced sensation 56 per cent of the time and detectable MIP on 65 per cent of
      stimuli. No sensation was obtained with stimuli up to 100 microA in incisors with
      1/2-formed roots, but MIP was recorded with 31 per cent of stimuli. The findings
      indicate that reflex activity precedes sensation in the normal development of
      teeth, and that segmental, reflex, connections appear to be established before
      the cortical, sensory, projections are fully functional.

PMID- 3863553
TI  - An X-ray diffraction and solubility study of equilibration of human enamel-powder
      suspensions in fluoride-containing buffer.
AB  - Various amounts of enamel-apatite powder were suspended in an acetate buffer (pH
      4.5) containing sufficient fluoride to give molar ratios of fluoride/apatite from
      zero to unity. The suspensions were equilibrated at 20 degrees C for periods
      between 4h and 1 year, with continuous gentle stirring. Solubility studies showed
      dissolution of hydroxyapatite, formation and re-dissolution of calcium fluoride
      and formation of fluorapatite. The amount of mineral dissolved was low during the
      fluorapatite formation and increased by a factor of approx. 10 as equilibrium was
      approached. The fluoride content of the solid apatite, which ranged from 0.1 to
      70 mol% fluorapatite, only influenced the solubility slightly, whereas the
      fluoride content of the bathing solution had a large effect. X-ray diffraction
      showed a linear correlation between the fluoride content and the a-axis of the
      apatite.

PMID- 3863554
TI  - Differential inhibition of A, B and C fibres in the rat vagus nerve by lidocaine,
      eugenol and formaldehyde.
AB  - Evoked compound-action potentials (cAP) in all three fibre types of the isolated
      nerve were reversibly depressed by exposure to the drugs. After 20 min exposure,
      lidocaine (0.5 mM) depressed the amplitude of the A and B fibre potentials
      significantly more than the C fibre potential. With eugenol (0.8 mM), there was
      no significant difference in depression of A, B and C fibre activity. With
      formaldehyde (4.5 mM), the latency was longer, and the C fibres were initially
      significantly more depressed than the A and B fibres. As dull pain from a
      chronically-inflamed pulp is believed to be mediated through C fibres, these
      results may explain the difficulties in obtaining complete local analgesia with
      lidocaine. They indicate that application of low concentrations of eugenol and
      formaldehyde to the pulp-dentine organ may have an analgesic effect on pain
      mediated through both A and C fibres.

PMID- 3863555
TI  - In-vitro permeability of porcine oral mucosa after epithelial separation,
      stripping and hydration.
AB  - The permeability of porcine skin, gingiva, floor of mouth and buccal mucosa was
      measured in perfusion chambers using isotopically-labelled water and horseradish
      peroxidase. Values obtained for the permeability of the epithelium of each of
      these regions, after separation from the connective tissue with EDTA, did not
      differ significantly from those obtained for the intact tissue; however, the
      connective tissue alone had a permeability 2-8 times greater than that of the
      whole tissue. Stripping the surface layers of the floor of mouth mucosa increased
      its permeability to that of connective tissue. These results indicate that the
      functional permeability barrier of the oral mucosa, like that of skin, is located
      in the epithelium and occupies the superficial layers. After exposure to an
      aqueous environment for up to 67 h, the permeability of skin and keratinized oral
      mucosa showed similar but slight increases whereas that of non-keratinized mucosa
      showed a more rapid rise. These differences may reflect the different composition
      of the intercellular permeability barrier in keratinized and non-keratinized oral
      tissues.

PMID- 3863556
TI  - Lead in teeth of weanling rats received via the maternal drinking water.
AB  - Pregnant rats were dosed with 0, 3 or 10 parts/10(6) lead (as acetate) in their
      drinking water, during pregnancy and during lactation until 21 days post partum.
      The litters were killed at the age of 21 days and the incisors, first, second and
      third molars analysed for lead by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The
      findings confirmed that even at low concentrations lead has an affinity for hard
      tissues. The mean lead levels of the teeth of the three groups differed at the 1
      per cent level. Pb levels of the first and second molars and the incisors also
      differed at the 1 per cent level. No significant differences between the four
      types of teeth within a group could be demonstrated. The no-effect level of Pb
      administered in drinking water, to the mother during lactation, and during
      pregnancy, was lower than 3 parts/10(6).

PMID- 3863557
TI  - A scanning electron microscopic study of bacterial penetration of human enamel in
      incipient caries.
AB  - In 23 human teeth, cracked enamel under white spot lesions without any visible
      loss of tooth substance was examined. Bacterial contamination from the enamel
      surface was prevented by brushing and consequent fixing of the remaining surface
      coatings before the enamel was fractured. In 7 of 23 specimens, bacterial
      colonies were observed under the enamel surface, sometimes as deep as the enamel
      dentine junction and the dentine. In most samples the subsurface enamel appeared
      to be partly disintegrated. Bacteria can thus be found under surface enamel at an
      early stage of caries while the surface is still intact.

PMID- 3863558
TI  - Analytical transmission electron microscopy of the distribution of elements in
      human supragingival dental calculus.
AB  - Thin sections of supragingival calculus from lower anterior teeth of 26 subjects
      were examined. From each specimen, an average of 10 spectra was collected from a
      densely-mineralized area less than 100 micron diameter. Only spectra showing
      peaks for minor elements or unusual Ca:P peak ratios were collected, stored and
      analysed semi-quantitatively. Ca:P weight percentage ratios varied within each
      specimen. Although most lay within the range 1.6 to 1.8, ratios of less than 1
      and greater than 22 were obtained. The latter indicated the presence of some P
      free Ca salts. The minor elements Mg and Zn occurred most frequently but the
      concentration within a specimen varied from the undetectable up to approx. 3 per
      cent by weight for Mg and 1 per cent for Zn. Low peaks for Ti, Ni, Co, As, Sr,
      Zr, Mo, Cd and Sn occurred in 1 to 3 spectra from a few specimens, indicating
      localized areas rich in one of these elements. Low to questionable Pb peaks were
      present in at least one spectrum from each of 20 specimens. There is thus a non
      homogeneous distribution of Ca and P and of many minor elements throughout the
      calculus.

PMID- 3863560
TI  - The effect of stimulus intensity and gape on electrically-evoked jaw reflexes in
      man.
AB  - The changes in masseter EMG and biting force evoked by electrical stimulation of
      the lip were measured in normal people. Stimulation at noxious intensities
      elicited a characteristic, biphasic inhibitory response in the masseter EMG and a
      transient reduction in the biting force. The pattern of masseter inhibition and
      force change varied both with stimulus intensity and with inter-incisal
      separation. In general, the decrease in biting force was greater at intermediate
      jaw positions than in the open and closed positions. The duration of the EMG
      inhibitory period increased as the stimulus intensity increased but was
      independent of the jaw separation. Reflex thresholds could not be correlated with
      pain thresholds because subjects found it difficult to decide at what level an
      electrical stimulus became painful. Nevertheless this stimulation of high
      threshold afferents may be useful in estimating the rate of relaxation of tension
      in the jaw muscles.

PMID- 3863559
TI  - Differential sensitivity of normal human pulp and transformed mouse fibroblasts
      to cytotoxic challenge.
AB  - Six different lines of diploid cells from human pulp and one commonly used
      transformed-cell line, L929 (a continuous fibroblast line of mouse lung
      connective tissue origin), were challenged by sera changes, an agar-overlay
      toxicity test and transfilter-histochemistry-toxicity test. The normal diploid
      cells showed greater sensitivity than transformed cells in each test. Although a
      different parameter of cell toxicity was measured in each test, the data indicate
      greater toxic response in diploid cells by all measurements. These normal diploid
      human cells are more appropriate cells for toxicity testing materials for human
      use.

PMID- 3863561
TI  - Relationship of adhesion in vitro and cariogenicity of oral Streptococcus species
      in germ-free rats.
AB  - Thirty-two strains of Streptococcus spp., of known cariogenicity in the
      gnotobiotic WAG/RIJ rat, were tested for their in vitro adhesion properties.
      Computerized image analysis measured percentage coverage by, and clump size of,
      cells adhering to saliva-coated glass. An analysis of variance revealed
      significant differences for percentage coverage for the majority of species
      pairs. There were fewer significant differences for mean clump size between
      species-pairs. Within the Strep. mutans group there was a highly-significant
      difference between Strep. mutans/Strep. cricetus (p less than 0.01) with respect
      to mean clump size. There was a significant correlation between cariogenicity and
      percentage coverage (p = 0.05) but not clump size (p = 0.359) for pooled strains
      of Strep. mitis and Strep. sanguis combined.

PMID- 3863562
TI  - Inhibition of calcium-carbonate precipitation by human salivary proline-rich
      phosphoproteins.
AB  - The effects of the proline-rich phosphoproteins (PRP) on the rate of
      precipitation of CaCO3 from a CaCO3-supersaturated solution were examined by
      recording the absorbance at 570 nm and the pH, when 20 mM CaCl2 was added to 20
      mM NaHCO3, in the presence or absence of proteins. The PRP suppressed CaCO3
      nucleation and exhibited inhibitory effects on CaCO3 precipitation under those
      conditions and under stimulated physiological conditions (final concentration of
      Ca2+ was 2 mM and that of HCO-3 60 mM, pH was 8.0 at 37 degrees C). PRP may be of
      biological significance in maintaining homeostasis of the buffering system of
      saliva, which is mainly composed of bicarbonate, and in preventing the formation
      of stones consisting of CaCO3 in the salivary ducts.

PMID- 3863563
TI  - Some reflections of 30 years experience in the management of large bowel cancer.

PMID- 3863564
TI  - Postoperative wound infection with methicillin-resistant staphylococci in general
      surgical patients.
AB  - A prospective survey of 1757 general surgical patients undergoing operation was
      performed comparing 35 patients with wound infection yielding methicillin
      resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with 184 patients developing wound
      infections due to other organisms. The following parameters were statistically
      significantly increased in the patients with MRSA wound infection; MRSA infection
      or colonization at other sites, 37% versus 2%, severe wound infection 31% versus
      12%, wound drain tubes 23% versus 10%, multiple operations 37% versus 6%,
      malignant disease 43% versus 23%, postoperative complications 46% versus 16%,
      intensive care admissions 23% versus 5% and prophylactic antibiotics 51% versus
      30%. There was no difference in postoperative mortality 11% versus 7%; mean age,
      58 years versus 56 years; sex; diabetes, 11% versus 9%; or emergency operations
      40% versus 39%. There were 18 patients with single organism MRSA wound infection
      who were compared with 35 patients with single organism methicillin-sensitive S.
      aureus (MSSA) wound infection. The patients with MRSA wound infections had a
      statistically significant increase in the following parameters: mean preoperative
      stay in hospital 8 days versus 4 days; prophylactic antibiotics 39% versus 3%;
      MRSA infection or colonization at other sites 39% versus 6%; and malignant
      disease 44% versus 17%. There were no deaths in either group and there was no
      statistically significant difference in other parameters, namely, multiple
      operations 11% versus 3%; intensive care admissions 6% in each group; wound drain
      tube 17% versus 11%; severe infections 22% versus 6%; and postoperative
      complications 22% versus 9%. These latter parameters were statistically
      significantly increased when all MRSA wound infections were compared with all
      wound infections due to other organisms.

PMID- 3863565
TI  - Fistula-in-ano: treatment by fistulectomy, primary closure and reconstitution.
AB  - One hundred and twenty cases of fistula-in-ano were treated in 11 years by
      fistulectomy and primary closure. Injection of dye into the tract helped in
      identifying the tract and its ramifications which were excised. A lateral
      sphincterotomy was added in most cases for relief of postoperative pain and to
      promote good healing. Of the cases, 83.3% healed well in 2 weeks as compared with
      4-5 weeks or more with conventional methods resulting in great economy in
      hospital stay and morbidity. Follow-up of these cases for a variable period, up
      to five years, revealed only three recurrences, indicating a comparable long term
      effectiveness of this procedure as in the conventional method.

PMID- 3863566
TI  - The electrical hazards of fixed abdominal retractors.
AB  - Abdominal retractors that are fixed to the operating table provide an electrical
      pathway to earth and are unsafe. Modifications to ensure the electrical safety of
      two table mounted abdominal retractors by the incorporation of insulators are
      described. Results of electrical testing show that the insulators provide high
      levels of insulation to direct current, 50 Hz alternating current and 400 kHz
      radio frequency current.

PMID- 3863567
TI  - Data on spinal injuries--Part I. Collection and analysis of 352 consecutive
      admissions.
AB  - A prospective system of data collection, using computer storage, has been
      developed in the Spinal Injuries Unit, Austin Hospital. Three hundred and fifty
      two consecutive admissions to the Unit between 1 July 1978 and 31 December 1982
      are analysed, and this epidemiological data compared with other reports. Over 92%
      of the admissions were the result of spinal cord trauma and the balance due to a
      variety of non-traumatic causes. A high incidence of young males injured in road
      accidents, predominantly from motor cars, and lesser numbers from sporting,
      occupational and domestic accidents is noted. A high proportion of country
      accidents and a disproportionately high number of people who live in country
      areas indicates the need for greater concentration of preventative measures to
      rural areas. The study has confirmed the usefulness of such a sophisticated data
      collection system to collect, at relatively low cost, useful epidemiological data
      on a specific disability group. The system will help to plan treatment
      programmes, as well as preventative measures, for the future.

PMID- 3863568
TI  - Pulmonary valvotomy under normothermic caval inflow occlusion.
AB  - Pulmonary valve stenosis may require urgent surgical relief in infancy or
      elective valvotomy in childhood. A retrospective study has been made of 94
      children who underwent pulmonary valvotomy for pulmonary valve stenosis between
      1972 and 1983 using the technique of normothermic caval inflow occlusion. There
      were no early deaths nor late deaths. The group included 13 neonates less than 1
      week old and 14 other infants under 1 year of age. The mean follow-up is 45
      months. No child has had a second valvotomy for recurrent valvar stenosis. Two
      children have required re-operation for placement of a transannular right
      ventricular outflow patch for hypoplastic pulmonary annulus. Neonates who present
      early with critical pulmonary valve stenosis may remain moderately to severely
      cyanosed for several days after a satisfactory valvotomy but this is almost
      invariably followed by a progressive increase in oxygen saturation to an
      acceptable level. One neonate, who had a Blalock-Taussig shunt at 2 weeks of age
      for persistent postvalvotomy cyanosis, had the shunt ligated at 2 years.
      Pulmonary valvotomy under normothermic caval inflow occlusion is a safe, cost
      effective technique which provides excellent early and late haemodynamic results.
      This operation sets a standard against which the newly introduced technique of
      percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvotomy should be assessed.

PMID- 3863569
TI  - Endoscopy and intubation in cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract.
AB  - The pathogenesis of upper airway obstruction from cancer arising in the larynx,
      pyriform fossa and oropharynx is discussed. Endotracheal intubation for general
      anaesthesia can be a hazardous procedure and alternatives are presented.

PMID- 3863570
TI  - A success and cost analysis study of the methods of managing impacted lower
      ureteric calculi.
AB  - A personal series of 216 non-consecutive patients with renal calculi, measuring
      up to 0.7 cm in diameter, impacted in the lower third of their ureters were
      reviewed at least 2 years after either spontaneous expulsion of the calculus or
      surgical removal had been achieved in an endeavour to compare the natural history
      and complications of spontaneous expulsion with the results and complications of
      both attempted endoscopic and open extraction operations and the cost
      effectiveness of these different methods of management. Spontaneous expulsion,
      without detectable complications, occurred within 3 months of presentation in 88%
      (88 of 100 patients) with calculi measuring 0.5 cm or less but was achieved in
      only 44% (9 of 16 patients) with calculi measuring between 0.5 and 0.7 cm despite
      a maximum 12 months period of expectant management. Of 100 attempted endoscopic
      calculus extractions, the operative success rate averaged 62%, without any
      significant complication, for those calculi measuring 0.5 cm or less but only
      22%, with a significant complication rate of 19%, for calculi measuring between
      0.6 and 0.7 cm. The average 1983 costs ranged from +1960 for a non-hospital
      spontaneous expulsion to +5278 for the failed endoscopic extraction of a larger
      calculus which subsequently required open surgical removal.

PMID- 3863571
TI  - An experimental study of iatrogenically induced operating theatre burns.
AB  - An experimental study was undertaken to investigate the rate of decay of heat
      from standard orthopaedic mallets post-autoclaving. A temperature-specific burn
      analysis was performed using a laboratory animal model, and in combination with
      the results of the heat decay study, the identification of a 'critical zone' has
      been made. It is during this 'critical zone' that iatrogenic burns can occur. Two
      economically viable, practical solutions are offered. One is an autoclavable
      thermometer which can be included in the instrument tray. The second is a 'new
      design' orthopaedic mallet. The most reliable preventative measure, however, is
      constant vigilance. Iatrogenic burns can and do occur.

PMID- 3863572
TI  - Avulsion versus dissection and ligation of the varicose short saphenous trunk.
AB  - Avulsion of the varicose short saphenous trunk in the popliteal fossa is a safe,
      effective and cosmetic way of dealing with this type of venous incompetence. In
      addition it effects a great saving in time, a consideration of some importance in
      the surgical treatment of varicose veins.

PMID- 3863573
TI  - Post-proctectomy perineal hernia: case report and discussion.
AB  - Perineal hernia is a rare complication of pelvic surgery. Women are more commonly
      affected, and development of the condition is usually gradual. Although the true
      incidence of this problem is unknown, few cases are severe enough to require
      operative repair. We report the experience of one of the authors (E.S.R.H.) in
      post-proctectomy perineal hernia. One case required surgical repair and is
      presented, with a discussion of the operative management.

PMID- 3863574
TI  - Intussusception, volvulus and malrotation.
AB  - A case of ileocolic intussusception, associated with mid-gut volvulus and
      malrotation with bowel necrosis is reported. There is evidence to suggest that
      the intussusception preceded the volvulus.

PMID- 3863575
TI  - Resection margins for melanoma.

PMID- 3863576
TI  - Surgical treatment and survival from cutaneous malignant melanoma.
AB  - Varied methods of primary surgical treatment of 189 cases of cutaneous malignant
      melanoma studied in Western Australia had no statistically significant effect on
      prognosis. The results indicate that wide excision is not justified as the
      standard treatment of cutaneous malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3863577
TI  - Current status and controversies in the management of genito-urinary cancer.

PMID- 3863578
TI  - Chemotherapy of invasive carcinoma of the bladder.
AB  - Cytotoxic chemotherapy does not yet have a service role in the management of
      invasive carcinoma of the bladder, though the minor palliation achievable in
      patients with symptomatic recurrent primary or metastatic disease does justify
      its use in patients whose symptoms are not controlled by standard analgesia. For
      the future, progress will depend on more intense screening of new drugs in
      centres specializing in undertaking Phase 2 Trials on patients with measurable
      metastases. However, there is in addition a need for studies measuring primary
      tumour response to drugs in combination with radiotherapy which still remains the
      most active single agent in the non-surgical treatment of carcinoma of the
      bladder.

PMID- 3863579
TI  - The management of severe ureteric anomalies in infancy.
AB  - Sixteen infants with severe ureteric anomalies were admitted to the Paediatric
      Unit over the years 1980-81. The two principal aims of treatment were firstly,
      initial resuscitation and the treatment of severe sepsis, thereby mostly avoiding
      early operative urinary diversion, and secondly to proceed to corrective surgery
      when the infant was sufficiently recovered. Initial management included
      resuscitation, intravenous antibiotics, parenteral nutrition, and where necessary
      bladder drainage by urethral catheter. Peritoneal dialysis was not required. The
      diagnosis was established by urography and ultrasound. Surgical urinary diversion
      was performed on only two of the cases, and results from early corrective surgery
      have been satisfactory.

PMID- 3863580
TI  - Head and neck cancer staging systems: a comparison between UICC and AJC.
AB  - Two major TNM classification systems are currently in use for staging cancer of
      the head and neck region, i.e. UICC and AJC. This causes confusion when
      attempting to exchange information and evaluate treatment results between
      Australia and certain overseas centres. The two systems are described and the
      effect of any differences on altering survival data is assessed by reviewing 234
      cases of squamous carcinoma of the larynx, hypopharynx, oropharynx and oral
      cavity. The direct correlation between the two systems is established.
      Shortcomings of the systems are demonstrated and important variables not included
      in either TNM system are discussed.

PMID- 3863581
TI  - Vertical partial laryngectomy for glottic carcinoma.
AB  - Vertical partial laryngectomy is recommended as primary treatment for selected T2
      glottic cancers. Some irradiation failures are also suitable but the indications
      are more restricted. A careful assessment of the cancer is mandatory. Of 12
      patients undergoing primary surgery, no patient has died from their disease. Five
      of seven irradiation failures were salvaged by vertical partial laryngectomy.

PMID- 3863582
TI  - Postpartum rupture of a renal artery aneurysm to a solitary kidney.
AB  - We present the case of the first known survivor of postpartum rupture of a renal
      artery aneurysm where the contralateral kidney was congenitally absent. An
      important surgical principle, that of establishing the presence of one kidney
      before removing the other, is illustrated.

PMID- 3863583
TI  - Cigarette smoking by pregnant women with particular reference to their past and
      subsequent breast feeding behaviour.
AB  - 1,790 postpartum women were asked about their smoking habits and baby feeding
      practices and about a number of other attitudes and physical attributes. For
      those variables not concerned with baby feeding, our findings generally support
      previous research; for example, smokers in comparison to non-smokers tended to
      have more emotional problems, more reproductive failures and babies with lower
      birth-weights. For baby feeding, we found that smokers tended to have little
      prior knowledge of breast feeding, favour bottle feeding, have been fed by bottle
      by their mothers, and wean earlier than non-smokers or ex-smokers. In fact, non
      smokers as a group were similar to breast feeders as a group, and smokers like
      bottle feeders for over 20 characteristics. These similarities were mostly the
      result of features of smoking and baby feeding behaviour being found in a common
      personality type; for example, use of tobacco and choice of bottle feeding are
      probably attributes of nervous, insecure mothers. But some similarities were the
      result of the influence of tobacco smoke; for example smokers who do breast feed
      wean earlier, probably because chemicals in tobacco smoke inhibit milk
      production.

PMID- 3863584
TI  - Elevated second trimester amniotic fluid myoglobin from a fetus with Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 3863585
TI  - Histocompatibility antigens and intrauterine fetal growth retardation.
AB  - Maternal-fetal antigen compatibility adversely affects fetal and placental
      weights in animal experiments and is associated with recurrent spontaneous
      abortion and preeclampsia in human reproduction. HLA A and B types of the mother,
      father and infant were determined in 30 pregnancies complicated by intrauterine
      fetal growth retardation (IUGR) and in 32 normal pregnancies. The frequency and
      degree of antigenic compatibility between the parents and the mothers and their
      infants were compared between the groups. There was no evidence that IUGR was
      associated with a significant degree of HLA A and B antigenic compatibility.

PMID- 3863586
TI  - Changes in lymphocyte status and responsiveness in pregnancy detected by a
      fluorescent cell probe.
AB  - Lymphocyte reactivity assessed by a fluorescent lipophilic probe test of
      responsiveness to concanavalin A (con A) was shown to differ from normal in early
      pregnancy. The difference was most marked in multiparas. Abnormal reactivity was
      detected in the earliest pregnancy examined (5 weeks' gestation) and up to about
      the 20th week; after 20 weeks, reactivity was normal in all of the multiparas and
      most of the nulliparas studied. However, in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH),
      a disorder of late pregnancy, the same responsiveness as in early pregnancy was
      found. When unstimulated lymphocytes were examined, abnormal reactivity
      associated with increased fluorescence was observed in early pregnancy and in
      PIH, compared with normal late pregnancy, reflecting alteration in lymphocyte
      membrane phospholipids. It is postulated that pregnancy is associated with
      sequential change in immunity, disturbance of which may result in immunologically
      determined obstetric morbidity.

PMID- 3863587
TI  - The premenstrual syndrome in Chinese.
AB  - A questionnaire survey of 84 Chinese nurses was carried out to assess the
      presence of premenstrual syndrome. More than half of the respondents reported
      emotional changes and backache premenstrually. There were significant
      associations between nausea and breast changes, irritability and depression, body
      and skin changes, finally between backache and the 3 symptoms of irritability,
      headache and the necessity to take time off work.

PMID- 3863588
TI  - Colonic pseudo-obstruction: an uncommon complication of caesarean section.
AB  - Four cases of pseudo-obstruction following lower segment Caesarean section are
      presented with a review of the condition. In the first patient the diagnosis was
      made at laparotomy, but the other 3 were diagnosed on clinical and radiolographic
      grounds. Two of these subsequently required surgical caecal decompression, while
      only 1 was successfully managed conservatively. This is typical of the spectrum
      of this uncommon but well recognized syndrome which may complicate Caesarean
      section, vaginal delivery, hysterectomy or other gynaecological operations. When
      diagnosed, the initial management may be conservative, but close surveillance of
      caecal diameter must be maintained in order to prevent disastrous caecal rupture.
      When this is imminent, decompression by either colonoscopy, or laparotomy and
      caecostomy is indicated. With early surgical intervention, the high mortality
      rate for this condition can be greatly reduced.

PMID- 3863589
TI  - Bilateral juvenile granulosa cell tumours associated with skeletal enchondromas.
AB  - Asynchronous bilateral granulosa cell tumours of the ovary occurred in a patient
      with enchondromas. The first tumour, presenting at age 15, was misdiagnosed
      initially as an androblastoma. The second tumour presented 7 years and 3
      pregnancies later. The possible therapeutic and pathogenetic implications of
      these observations are discussed.

PMID- 3863590
TI  - Recurrent dysgerminoma after 33 years.
AB  - Surgery with or without radiotherapy produces a high cure rate in localized pure
      dysgerminoma of the ovary. Recurrence rates are low, and usually occur within 2
      years. We report the case of a 58-year-old para 1 who developed recurrent pure
      dysgerminoma 33 years after initial surgery. The need for long-term follow-up of
      these patients is emphasized.

PMID- 3863591
TI  - Congenital absence of fallopian tube segments.
AB  - A case is reported in which laparotomy demonstrated that the proximal portion of
      the left Fallopian tube was absent and that the distal end was separated into 3
      portions. There is no previous report of a congenital abnormality of this type.

PMID- 3863592
TI  - A rare pelvic mass: osteosarcoma of the body of the uterus.
AB  - A rare, enormous, unresectable, osteosarcoma of the uterus is reported. This
      obstructed ureters, enclosed rectum, bladder, aorta and vena cava, and
      metastasized to peritoneum, lungs and liver causing death of the patient by renal
      and pulmonary failure.

PMID- 3863593
TI  - Cul de sac fibrothecoma simulating a parasitic fibroid.

PMID- 3863594
TI  - A decidual cast following therapy with norethisterone.
AB  - A case is presented of a decidual cast following progesterone therapy, an
      extraordinarily rare event.

PMID- 3863595
TI  - Benign senile pyometra, endometrial cholesterol granulomas and adenosquamous
      carcinoma.
AB  - Endometrial curettage of a 78-year-old patient with benign senile pyometra
      revealed endometrial cholesterol granulomas. Five years later cytological studies
      were suspicious of malignancy. Hysterectomy disclosed an endometrial
      adenosquamous carcinoma associated with cholesterol granulomas. We speculate that
      endometrial cholesterol granuloma, like endometrial xanthogranuloma, represents a
      rare morphologic variant of benign senile pyometra. Consequently a strong
      association with carcinoma is to be expected.

PMID- 3863596
TI  - New chorion biopsy catheter.

PMID- 3863597
TI  - Wellington Hospital vaginal retractor.

PMID- 3863598
TI  - Unicornuate uterus and reproductive performance.

PMID- 3863599
TI  - Growth retardation in twins.

PMID- 3863600
TI  - Pregnancy induced hypertension complicated by thrombocytopenia, haemolysis and
      elevated liver enzymes (HELLP) syndrome. Renal biopsies and outcome.
AB  - Twelve patients are presented with the symptomatology of haemolysis, elevated
      liver enzymes and low platelet count (HELLP syndrome). Only 3 patients
      experienced a progressive course; the rest did not differ from a group of 130
      patients suffering from severe preeclampsia. There was no significant difference
      in the concentration of plasma fibrinogen, fibrinogen monomer complex and
      antithrombin III. Two patients were treated with heparin without improvement of
      the coagulation data or the severity of the disease. The subgrouping of very
      severe preeclampsia may be desirable, but it is felt that this group is
      insufficiently characterized by the symptomatology of HELLP. The evaluation of
      better criteria may allow identification of subgroups of preeclamptic patients
      with severe prognostic criteria.

PMID- 3863601
TI  - Epidemiology of meconium staining of amniotic fluid in Hong Kong.
AB  - The characteristics of 94 patients with meconium stained amniotic fluid diagnosed
      during labour in the Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, from July to August
      1984, were analysed. The incidence was 21.4% of deliveries. These patients were
      compared to a group of non-meconium patients (349 cases) in demographic and
      obstetric aspects. Patients in low social class and patients with antenatal and
      medical complications did not have a higher incidence of meconium staining of
      amniotic fluid. However, a history of previous spontaneous or induced abortion
      was significantly more common in the meconium group. The labour performance of
      these patients and the perinatal outcome are discussed.

PMID- 3863602
TI  - The concept of stress.
AB  - Any notion or concept of stress should fulfil the following requirements. First,
      the definition should be readily communicable both to professionals and the
      community at large. Second, the concept should be readily converted into
      constructs which are suitable for research. In this latter regard it is easier to
      present and discuss a stress model. This model differentiates a number of factors
      which, although interdependent, are conceptually distinct. By adequately
      discriminating between these factors, operational criteria may be defined and a
      systematic assessment of the effects of stress will be facilitated. A model is
      thus presented which describes the stress process.

PMID- 3863603
TI  - The sick child's predicament.
AB  - There is widespread criticism of medicine which contrasts with its manifest
      success in biotechnology. Medicine's failure to convince stems partly from the
      fact that its successful biotechnology distracts it from the mundane task of
      responding appropriately to components of commonplace sicknesses which do not
      stem from disease (things) or illness (symptoms) but from predicaments.
      Predicaments are painful social situations or circumstances, complex, unstable,
      morally charged and varying in their import in time and place, which are readily
      discernible from a good history. Predicaments are distinguished from
      environmental agents by being an aspect of social organisation rather than
      structures. Dangerous and excruciating predicaments are described as well as the
      predicaments of being sick, and being in hospital. Child psychiatrists are often
      presented with problems where diagnosis of disease or illness in the child is
      inappropriate and resolution of its predicament alleviates the distress that had
      been presented in the language of sickness. The model is capable of broader
      application in psychiatry and medicine. Doctors should be more concerned to know
      about the context and background of their patients' sickness, as patients give
      this information very freely if asked. If patients' complaints are misunderstood
      then medical responses, made in good faith, may be seen as dangerous intrusions
      leading to a loss of trust, anger, and litigiousness.

PMID- 3863604
TI  - The music of psychiatry.
AB  - The author argues that the practice of psychiatry is impeded by a central
      paradox. On the one hand, psychiatry cannot develop unless the methods of science
      are used to unravel its problems. On the other, a significant part of what has
      been advanced as science is of little value and has done no more than divert
      attention from the important non-scientific aspects of psychiatric practice.
      Empathetic and perceptive practice is central for good psychiatry; there is no
      reason to believe that scientific method alone--good or bad--will lead to its
      achievement.

PMID- 3863605
TI  - A survey of child psychiatry outpatients. 1. Clinical and demographic
      characteristics.
AB  - This paper describes clinical and demographic characteristics of 664 children who
      attended outpatient child psychiatry clinics in Perth, Western Australia, over a
      one-year period. All social classes were represented; parents were the most
      common source of referral and typically the child had been assessed or treated
      for emotional or behavioural problems by other agencies previously. Referrals
      from the juvenile justice system were uncommon. The accessibility of clinics to
      the child population was found to have a significant effect on the rate of
      referral. Only 10% of the sample received conduct disorder diagnoses, whereas
      16.5% had mixed disorders of conduct and emotion, and 42% had emotional
      disorders. Environmental circumstances, particularly recent marital break-up,
      family discord and recent experience of loss, were contributing factors to the
      child's clinical presentation in a large proportion of cases.

PMID- 3863606
TI  - The diagnostic distribution of dexamethasone non-suppressors.
AB  - Baseline serum cortisols and DSTs were performed on 100 psychiatric inpatients.
      The rates of non-suppression in selected DSM III diagnostic categories were
      calculated and the results discussed in the context of recent literature. It was
      concluded that test specificity may have been frequently overestimated. The
      suggestion is made that DST non-suppression may have non-specific and relative
      vector qualities, and thus be of little diagnostic use.

PMID- 3863607
TI  - The psychotherapeutic frame.

PMID- 3863609
TI  - A case of cerebral systemic lupus erythematosus treated with methylprednisolone
      pulse therapy.
AB  - A case of cerebral systemic lupus erythematosus is presented. This was
      characterised by a combination of organic, persecutory and atypical hypomanic
      features. After a very stormy course on oral steroids, treatment with intravenous
      methylprednisolone pulse therapy was begun. Subsequently the patient experienced
      a prolonged remission. This outcome supports the value of such therapy in
      cerebral systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3863608
TI  - Suicide in association with psychiatric hospitalisation.
AB  - A review of 46 subjects who suicided after having contact with a psychiatric
      hospital is presented. There were 33 men and 11 women, both with a mean age of 37
      years. In comparison with a control group, those who suicided had a greater
      number of hospital admissions, a greater length of hospitalisation, were more
      often unemployed, had a history of more previous suicide attempts, more often
      received the diagnosis of schizophrenia or manic depressive illness (depressed
      phase), were more often overly depressed at their last contact, and were more
      often prescribed neuroleptic medications. Although these differences emerged,
      suicide is an infrequent event, and these factors lack specificity in prediction.
      The important association of psychiatric illness with subsequent suicide is
      noted.

PMID- 3863610
TI  - Transsexual sisters.
AB  - The first documented case of sisters with transsexualism is reported. Given the
      low incidence of female transsexualism this is a most unlikely event and suggests
      that familial factors may be of aetological importance.

PMID- 3863611
TI  - Cultural explanation of a 'psychosis' in a Chinese woman living in Australia.
AB  - This case report concerns a Malaysian-born Chinese woman living in the outback of
      Australia who was diagnosed as 'psychotic' and who recovered without drug
      treatment. A knowledge of her cultural background threw doubt on the assumption
      that her complaints were psychotic. The case shows the need to adopt cultural
      sensitivity in the practice of psychiatry.

PMID- 3863612
TI  - Cost-containment of medical care.

PMID- 3863614
TI  - Testing for memory disorder.

PMID- 3863613
TI  - Alprazolam as an antidepressant.

PMID- 3863615
TI  - Hospital versus community treatment.

PMID- 3863617
TI  - The S-sulfate formation from 4-nitrobenzyl mercaptan in rat liver cytosol.
AB  - 4-Nitrobenzyl mercaptan (NBM) was enzymatically transformed at pH 6.0 into its S
      sulfate in rat liver cytosol fortified with 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'
      phosphosulfate. At pH 7.4, the S-sulfate was not detected from the incubation
      mixture. 4-Nitrobenzyl alcohol was also transformed under the same incubation
      conditions into the corresponding O-sulfate at a higher rate at pH 6.0 than at pH
      7.4. Under the incubation conditions used, NBM S-sulfate reacted with the
      substrate NBM at a significant rate to afford 4-nitrobenzyl disulfide. The
      disulfide formation from NBM and the S-sulfate occurred more readily at pH 7.4
      than at pH 6.0, so that biologically formed NBM S-sulfate was strongly suggested
      not to remain unchanged in the incubation mixture at pH 7.4.

PMID- 3863616
TI  - Specificity of activated human protein C.
AB  - Peptide p-nitroanilide substrates and peptidylchloromethane inhibitors were used
      to examine the specificity of activated human Protein C. Substrates with arginine
      in the P1 position had the highest activity. The best substrates and inhibitors,
      as judged by the second-order rate constant for their interaction with the
      enzyme, had an apolar residue in the P2 position. In contrast with thrombin
      [Kettner & Shaw (1981) Methods Enzymol. 80, 826-842], activated Protein C was
      able to accommodate large hydrophobic residues such as phenylalanine and leucine
      in the P2 position. In the P3 position, the enzyme preferred an apolar D-amino
      acid residue. The results of the present study have also indicated a suitable
      substrate and inhibitor to be used in the assay of functional protein C and of
      thrombomodulin.

PMID- 3863618
TI  - Cellular uptake and localization of fluorescent derivatives of phorbol ester
      tumor promoters.
AB  - The synthetic fluorescent derivatives of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
      (TPA), dansyl-TPA, dansyl-TPA-20-acetate and dansyl-TPA-13-desacetate, have ID50
      values in the [3H]PDBu binding assay of 2nM, 30nM and 1000nM respectively; the
      ID50 value of TPA is 4nM. Dansyl-TPA is also equipotent with TPA as an activator
      of protein kinase C(PKC) producing half maximum stimulation at 2nM. Dansyl-TPA-13
      desacetate is almost as potent as dansyl-TPA, while dansyl-TPA-20-acetate is
      completely inactive as an activator of PKC. The cellular uptake of these
      fluorescent TPA derivatives tends to parallel their activity in the [3H]PDBu
      binding assay. Treatment of C3H 10T1/2 cells with 100nM dansyl-TPA results in
      intense fluorescence of the entire cytoplasm, while the nucleus is virtually
      devoid of fluorescence. The uptake of fluorescence is quenched by an excess of
      TPA. Thus, dansyl-TPA rapidly enters cells and binds to specific sites
      distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Presumably these sites reflect the cellular
      localization of phorbol ester receptors and protein kinase C.

PMID- 3863619
TI  - Cilastatin (MK 0791) is a potent and specific inhibitor of the renal leukotriene
      D4-dipeptidase.
AB  - The metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4 by a dipeptidase of kidney
      tissue is strongly inhibited by cilastatin (MK 0791) a known renal
      dehydropeptidase-I inhibitor. The comparison with similar enzyme activities from
      other tissues (liver, lung, serum, polymorphonuclear granulocytes) revealed a
      high specificity of cilastatin for the kidney enzyme which was found to be
      associated with the microsomal fraction. The lowest detectable inhibitory
      concentration of cilastatin within renal tissue was 8 X 10(-8)M.

PMID- 3863620
TI  - Mitoxantrone and bisantrene inhibition of platelet aggregation and prostaglandin
      E2 production in vitro.

PMID- 3863621
TI  - [Effect of the molecular structure of anthracycline compounds on their
      intercalation into DNA].
AB  - Kinetics of interaction of rubomycin, carminomycin, and their C9-analogues with
      deoxyribonucleic acid have been studied by the stop - flow method. Possible
      reasons of nonexponentiality of the kinetic curves are discussed. The rate
      constants of direct and reverse intercalation of the drugs between DNA base pairs
      were determined and relatively small differences found for various drugs. These
      data and of equilibrium binding studies of interaction of the antibiotics and
      their analogs with DNA led to conclusion that C9-modification of anthracyclines
      has little effect on the binding process. That was confirmed by quantum-mechanic
      calculations of potential energy of interaction between various anthracycline
      aglicones and DNA base-pairs.

PMID- 3863622
TI  - Evaluation of timefurone, a new anti-atherosclerotic drug, for its effects on
      lipoprotein cholesterol in male cynomolgus monkeys fed an atherogenic diet for 18
      months.
AB  - Forty male cynomolgus monkeys were fed a nutritionally complete diet containing
      butter and 0.5% cholesterol for 18 months to ensure development of
      atherosclerosis. Timefurone was administered daily at 10 mg/kg/day. Lipoprotein
      cholesterol parameters were measured every 4 weeks and clinical chemistries were
      done at approximately 8-week intervals. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL
      C] was significantly reduced 24-45% at all time periods and total-C was lowered
      17-23% at weeks 12, 16, and 24-40 in the timefurone group. Very low density
      lipoprotein cholesterol [VLDL-C] was increased 68-156% from weeks 40-78 and
      triglycerides [TG] were significantly elevated 52-220% on weeks 4-16, 24, 28, and
      36-78 by timefurone. Timefurone caused small but significant changes in several
      clinical chemistry parameters including: creatinine, total bilirubin, albumin,
      glucose, serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, and serum glutamic-pyruvic
      transaminase during the test. Significant reductions in arterial cholesterol were
      observed in thoracic aorta (-24%) and carotid arteries (-29%) in treated monkeys
      when compared to placebo. Arterial cholesterol in treated monkeys was positively
      correlated to LDL-C (R = 0.54, p less than or equal to 0.05). Timefurone,
      therefore, appears to have a significant beneficial effect against the
      development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed male monkeys and possesses
      excellent potential for clinical experimentation.

PMID- 3863623
TI  - Evaluation of timefurone, a new anti-atherosclerotic drug, for its effects on
      lipoprotein cholesterol in male SEA Japanese quail and rats.
AB  - Timefurone was evaluated in several animal models for cholesterol-lowering and
      anti-atherosclerotic activity. In normal male rats, a dose-response study with
      timefurone (3, 10, 30, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day) was conducted for 7 days.
      Significant activity was observed only at 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, where very low
      and low density lipoprotein cholesterol [(VLDL + LDL)-C] and total-C levels were
      reduced (mean 27 and 20%). High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was
      lowered 24% by the high timefurone dose. Timefurone (10, 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day
      in the diet) was then examined in normocholesterolemic SEA japanese quail. beta
      lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL + LDL)-C was reduced at all doses (mean 58%), while
      alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was elevated by all doses of timefurone
      (mean 45%). Male weanling rats made moderately hypercholesterolemic represented a
      3rd phase of timefurone (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 mg/kg/day) testing. After 4 days
      of drug treatment, marked hypocholesterolemic activity was observed for (VLDL +
      LDL)-C (mean decrease 49%) and total-C (mean 33%). HDL-C levels were increased
      with 10 and 100 mg/kg/day doses. Timefurone (25 and 100 mg/kg/day in the diet)
      also caused a significant reduction in atherosclerotic development in
      hypercholesterolemic SEA japanese quail. Atherosclerotic involvement (determined
      by visual assessment of plaque), arterial weight, and arterial cholesterol (total
      and mg/g artery) were clearly lowered by both doses of timefurone. There was no
      evidence of significant drug toxicity in any of these experiments. On the basis
      of these data, timefurone has excellent therapeutic potential and additional
      study of the drug's hypocholesterolemic and anti-atherosclerotic properties
      appears warranted.

PMID- 3863624
TI  - Preinduction cervical priming with PGE2 intracervical gel.
AB  - A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate
      the safety and efficacy of a single, 0.5-mg dose of prostaglandin E2 gel in a
      shelf-stable triacetin base administered intracervically in patients with an
      unfavorable cervix (Bishop score less than or equal to 4) 12 hours prior to
      oxytocin-induction of labor. forty-eight evaluable patients were enrolled, 25 in
      the PGE2 group and 23 in the control group. PGE2 gel treatment resulted in a
      significant improvement in the mean Bishop score compared to control (3.14 versus
      0.70, P less than .00005). Sixty-four percent of the patients treated with PGE2
      had regular uterine contractions during the 12-hour preinduction period beginning
      2.18 +/- 2.0 hours after gel insertion, compared to 9% in the control group, P =
      .0001. Moreover, 12% (3/25) of the patients receiving PGE2 progressed into active
      labor and delivered during the preinduction period. The duration of oxytocin
      infusion required for the induction or augmentation of labor was significantly
      shorter for patients who received intracervical PGE2 gel compared to the control
      group (13.1 +/- 8.1 versus 19.0 +/- 8.7, P less than .05). However, there was no
      significant difference in the incidence of cesarean section between the two study
      groups (40 and 22% in the PGE2 and control groups, respectively). No episodes of
      uterine hypertonus or hyperstimulation or gastrointestinal side effects occurred
      as a result of PGE2 gel treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3863625
TI  - [Adenocarcinoma of the gingiva].

PMID- 3863626
TI  - [Clinical study of acquired white lesions of the oral mucosa and their relation
      to cancer (I)].

PMID- 3863627
TI  - [The laser in the medicine of tomorrow].

PMID- 3863628
TI  - Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome): a case report showing the
      benefit of colonoscopy.

PMID- 3863629
TI  - Mucocutaneous lymphnode syndrome or Kawasaki disease.

PMID- 3863630
TI  - [Angiocardiographic diagnosis. Aorto-pulmonary window].

PMID- 3863631
TI  - Electrocardiogram of the month. Managing a patient with an acute myocardial
      infarction (AMI).

PMID- 3863632
TI  - Osteoporosis. NIH Consensus Development.

PMID- 3863633
TI  - A review of the symposium "Diet and Behavior--A Multidisciplinary Evaluation".

PMID- 3863634
TI  - [Psychological profile of the patients in the hemodialysis unit of the Rio
      Piedras University Hospital].

PMID- 3863635
TI  - [Diagnostic angiocardiography: tetralogy of Fallot].

PMID- 3863636
TI  - Electrocardiogram of the month: Trilogy of Fallot.

PMID- 3863637
TI  - Echocardiography cases. Atrial septal defects.

PMID- 3863638
TI  - Abnormal bone formation induced by implantation of osteosarcoma-derived bone
      inducing substance in the X-linked hypophosphatemic mouse.
AB  - The X-linked hypophosphatemic mouse (Hyp) has been proposed as a model for the
      human familial hypophosphatemia (the most common form of vitamin D-resistant
      rickets). An osteosarcoma-derived bone-inducing substance was subcutaneously
      implanted into the Hyp mouse. The implant was consistently replaced by cartilage
      tissue at 2 weeks after implantation. The cartilage matrix seemed to be normal,
      according to the histological examination, and 35sulphur (35S) uptake was also
      normal. Up to 4 weeks after implantation the cartilage matrix was completely
      replaced by unmineralized bone matrix and hematopoietic bone marrow. Osteoid
      tissue arising from the implantation of bone inducing substance in the Hyp mouse
      showed no radiologic or histologic sign of calcification. These findings suggest
      that the abnormalities of endochondral ossification in the Hyp mouse might be
      characterized by the failure of mineralization in cartilage and bone matrix.
      Analysis of the effects of bone-inducing substance on the Hyp mouse may help to
      give greater insight into the mechanism and treatment of human familial
      hypophosphatemia.

PMID- 3863639
TI  - 'Assessment and clinical management of early caries of young adults'.

PMID- 3863640
TI  - 'Functional analysis of the gag reflex'.

PMID- 3863641
TI  - 'Medical and physical management of facial muscle and joint pain'.

PMID- 3863642
TI  - Local anaesthesia in dental practice. I. A clinical study of a self-aspirating
      system.

PMID- 3863643
TI  - Distribution of APF gel on tooth surfaces.

PMID- 3863644
TI  - Intrusion of an extrusion: case report of an innovative treatment alternative.

PMID- 3863645
TI  - The mercury debate.

PMID- 3863646
TI  - 'The boiling of instruments in general dental practice: a misnomer for
      sterilisation'.

PMID- 3863647
TI  - 'Inner city Britain: a challenge for the dental profession'.

PMID- 3863648
TI  - Advertising and dentists.

PMID- 3863649
TI  - 'Who should be immunised against hepatitis B?'.

PMID- 3863650
TI  - Medical and physical management of facial muscle and joint pain.

PMID- 3863651
TI  - Orthodontic study models.

PMID- 3863652
TI  - Prescribing analgesics.

PMID- 3863653
TI  - Comparison of the abrasive wear in vitro of a number of visible-light-cured
      composite resins.

PMID- 3863654
TI  - Dental attendance of elderly people in East Anglia.

PMID- 3863656
TI  - 'Local anaesthesia in dental practice'.

PMID- 3863655
TI  - Frontier town dentistry.

PMID- 3863657
TI  - Intramuscular penicillin and epilepsy.

PMID- 3863658
TI  - Teething troubles.

PMID- 3863659
TI  - 'Destructive forms of periodontal disease in adolescents and young adults'.

PMID- 3863660
TI  - A toothbrush for patients with impaired manual dexterity.

PMID- 3863661
TI  - A parotid region foreign body.

PMID- 3863662
TI  - Nitrous oxide in the surgery: pollution and scavenging. Some clinical
      experiences.

PMID- 3863663
TI  - Mercury vapour levels in a dental hospital environment.

PMID- 3863664
TI  - The (4;11) translocation in acute leukaemia of childhood: the importance of
      additional chromosomal aberrations.
AB  - Case reports of four girls and one boy with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
      or acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and t(4;11) are presented. The incidence of
      t(4;11) ascertained at diagnosis in ALL was 2.6% and in AML 5.3%. Four of the
      children were under 2 years and one was 11 years at diagnosis. Leucocyte counts
      above 71 X 10(9)/l and liver, spleen and node enlargement were found in all
      cases. Blasts of the four cases tested at diagnosis were negative to the c-ALL
      antigen and either TdT+ (ALL) or TdT- (AML M1). Maximum survival was less than 8
      months. Additional chromosomal change was found at diagnosis in two cases and in
      relapse in a third. In the case of AML t(4;11) (q21;p15) was present as a second
      translocation. Additional numerical changes, in these and other reported cases,
      included + 6, commonly found in ALL, +8, +19, more often reported in AML. It is
      suggested that additional chromosomal changes in these cases support cytochemical
      and surface marker evidence that t(4;11) has a pluripotent target cell, similar
      to that of the Philadelphia translocation.

PMID- 3863665
TI  - Phenotypic and karyotypic properties of hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic
      leukaemia of childhood.
AB  - The DNA/cell content was measured by flow cytometry in samples obtained from 98
      unselected children with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) at diagnosis. The
      frequency of anomalies in modal DNA content was compared to that encountered in
      acute childhood non-lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL) and disseminated non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma (NHL). In ALL the most frequent (35%) aberration in DNA content was an
      increase by 20% relative to the modal value of normal white blood cells. This
      subcategory, referred to as hyperdiploid ALL (HD-ALL), was characterized by a
      close association with the expression of the c-ALL surface marker (20/20
      patients) and characteristic numerical chromosome changes, including tri- or
      tetrasomy of chromosome 21. Moreover, patients with hyperdiploid ALL had a much
      lower peripheral leucocyte count (P = 0.001) than those with diploid disease and
      a varying proportion of their leukaemic cells existed in the peripheral blood as
      morphologically normal lymphocytes expressing the c-ALL antigen. Within the
      standard risk category, patients with HD-ALL had a longer disease-free survival
      than those with diploid disease (P = 0.058). It is concluded that routine
      analysis by flow cytometry can conveniently and consistently detect ALL patients
      with hyperdiploid chromosome numbers. Hyperdiploid ALL constitutes a fairly large
      subtype of childhood ALL with specific biological and karyotypic properties,
      possibly associated with favourable prognosis.

PMID- 3863666
TI  - A hereditary abnormal c-fms proto-oncogene in a patient with acute lymphocytic
      leukaemia and congenital hypothyroidism.
AB  - A patient with congenital hypothyroidism and acute lymphocytic leukaemia was
      found to be homozygous for a 0.4 kbp deletion in the c-fms proto-oncogene. This
      was established by studying DNA from the patient's leukaemic cells, from cultured
      skin fibroblasts of the patient and from normal white blood cells of both
      parents. The uncertain relevance of this finding to the condition of the patient
      is discussed.

PMID- 3863667
TI  - Myelodysplastic syndromes: a study of 101 cases according to the FAB
      classification.
AB  - The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of closely related disorders
      characterized by chronic cytopenias with cellular marrow, poor prognosis and
      refractoriness to treatment. We studied 101 consecutive cases of MDS diagnosed
      over a 7-year period. Peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples were
      reviewed and classified according to the proposals of the French-American-British
      (FAB) cooperative group for MDS. The combined analysis of the initial laboratory
      features and qualitative haematological abnormalities readily allowed the
      distinction between the different subgroups. Thirty-two of 79 cases (40.5%)
      evolved towards other diseases, frequently acute leukaemia (24/79, 30%), or
      transformed into other MDS (7/79, 9%). In five cases, initially classified as
      refractory anaemia (RA) or refractory anaemia with ring sideroblasts (RAS), a
      transitory change to another type of MDS--two chronic myelomonocytic leukaemias
      (CMML), two refractory anaemias with excess of blasts (RAEB) and one refractory
      anaemia with excess of blasts 'in transformation' (RAEB-t)--was observed before
      the evolution towards acute leukaemia. This provides a new link between all these
      syndromes and increases the number of transitions to other MDS. Overall prognosis
      was very poor, with differences between subgroups. RA had the best prognosis
      whereas RAEB-t had the worst one. This study shows that the FAB classification is
      readily usable and defines well-characterized subgroups of MDS, although there
      are frequent transitional forms, and as the natural history of the MDS unfolds
      they may convert into another. The actual poor prognosis and the frequent
      evolution towards acute leukaemia makes necessary to investigate new methods of
      treatment for these disorders.

PMID- 3863668
TI  - Increased growth and collagen synthesis of bone marrow fibroblasts from patients
      with chronic myelocytic leukaemia.
AB  - Growth and collagen synthesis were measured in human bone marrow fibroblasts
      derived from patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) and normal
      individuals. The 3H-thymidine uptake, growth rate and collagen synthesis of
      fibroblasts from patients with CML were significantly greater than those from
      normal subjects. Thus, there is increased proliferation and collagen synthesis of
      fibroblasts in patients with CML. These findings show that CML fibroblasts may
      display a greater sensitivity to stimulator contained in the fetal calf serum
      used for the cultures, and they are relevant to the myelofibrosis by bone marrow
      fibroblasts in this disease.

PMID- 3863669
TI  - The value of the monoclonal antibody (cancer antigen 125) in serial monitoring of
      ovarian cancer: a comparison with circulating immune complexes.
AB  - The use of circulating immune complexes and a commercial monoclonal antibody to
      ovarian cancer (CA 125 kit) in monitoring progress in patients with ovarian
      cancer has been assessed. While changes in immune complexes were apparent in some
      patients with active progression of disease, the marked change in values and
      linear trend make the use of CA 125 a useful clinical marker.

PMID- 3863670
TI  - Lactation in placental steroid sulphatase deficiency.

PMID- 3863672
TI  - The reduction of the dose to patients during lateral cephalometric radiography.
      Report of a Joint Working Party of the British Society for the Study of
      Orthodontics and the British Society of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology.

PMID- 3863671
TI  - Future manpower requirements for orthodontics undertaken in the General Dental
      Service.
AB  - The fall in the number of births in England and Wales which took place between
      1964 and 1977 is beginning to have an effect on the present-day demand for
      orthodontic treatment. Using the best available data a mathematical model has
      been used to predict the likely demand for orthodontic treatment in the General
      Dental Services of England and Wales from now until 2008. This suggests that
      there is likely to be a sharp decline in the number of new orthodontic patients
      presenting for treatment at practices limited to orthodontics during the next 5
      years. The recent expansion in the number of places available for postgraduate
      study of orthodontics makes it extremely unlikely that the position will improve
      significantly thereafter. There can be little doubt that we are now producing too
      many orthodontic specialists even allowing for the increase in manpower which
      might be required to satisfy a future demand for higher standards of treatment.

PMID- 3863673
TI  - Attitudes to orthodontic treatment.
AB  - A survey of the attitudes of patients and parents to active orthodontic treatment
      was undertaken at two centres. Questionnaires were distributed which enquired
      about pre-treatment appearance, reactions to the proposed treatment, experiences
      during treatment, perceived benefits of treatment, and values placed upon
      treatment. The results indicated that both patients and parents were satisfied
      with the treatment received, and pain from the appliance and its appearance were
      the main discouraging features.

PMID- 3863674
TI  - Maintaining an ideal tooth-gingiva relationship when exposing and aligning an
      impacted tooth.
AB  - An ideal tooth-gingiva relationship is important to aesthetics and function.
      Predictable methods of establishing an ideal tooth-gingiva relationship are
      described for exposing and aligning impacted teeth.

PMID- 3863675
TI  - Bimaxillary protrusion in the Caucasian: a cephalometric study of the
      morphological features.
AB  - The skeletal morphology of bimaxillary dental protrusion has been investigated in
      a comparative cephalometric study. Because this is considered a subset of Class I
      malocclusions, the null hypothesis is that there should be no significant
      skeletal differences between this group and a Class I control group. There were
      30 Caucasians in each group with no bias for age and sex differences between
      them. Eighteen radiographic landmarks were identified from which 33 skeletal,
      dental and soft tissue parameters were computed. The bimaxillary group had an
      average interincisal angle of 115 degrees versus the controls 135 degrees, and
      showed the following morphological features which persisted over a 5-year growth
      period: A shorter posterior cranial base. A longer and more prognathic maxilla.
      Similar mandibular dimensions and prognathism. A mild Class II skeletal pattern.
      A smaller upper and posterior face height. Diverging facial planes. A procumbent
      soft tissue profile with a low lip line. These findings indicate that there is a
      distinctive difference between the underlying skeletal patterns found in the two
      groups.

PMID- 3863676
TI  - A laboratory investigation of orthodontic elastomeric chains.
AB  - The dimensions and force/extension characteristics of 13 commercially available
      orthodontic chain elastomeric materials are reported. The relationship between
      force and extension was not linear over the range investigated and there were two
      definite transition points in the curves. Over the first linear part of the curve
      the two-loop specimens had stiffness values from 0.9 to 1.6 N/mm. Stiffness fell
      as the number of loops increased so that four-loop chains produced 0.6-1.1 N/mm.
      One hundred per cent extension produced forces in the 4-5 N range for most
      specimens. It is suggested that an extension of between 50 and 70 per cent would
      provide the most satisfactory orthodontic force.

PMID- 3863677
TI  - A removable appliance for the preliminary vertical movement and subsequent buccal
      movement of palatally impacted canines.

PMID- 3863678
TI  - Megakaryoblastic micromegakaryocytic crisis in chronic myeloid leukemia.
AB  - Atypical megakaryoblasts (MKB) or megakaryocytes (MK) are occasionally present in
      the peripheral blood during the terminal development of chronic myeloid leukemia
      (CML). We report on a 49-year-old female suffering from Ph1 chromosome-positive
      CML with typical megakaryoblastic transformation in the peripheral blood and in
      the bone marrow. The small "blasts" were at the most only slightly larger and
      were occasionally even smaller than lymphocytes but showed megakaryoblastic or
      atypical megakaryocytic differentiation. The cytoplasmic cytochemical pattern of
      the atypical megakaryocytic cells was identical to that of large atypical
      thrombocytes. Platelet peroxidase was detected upon electron-microscopic (EM)
      examination. Immunologic characterization disclosed the presence of MK-specific
      antigens. When cultured in vitro on agar, the blasts transformed spontaneously
      into large mature MK, exhibiting characteristic cytochemical and immunological
      patterns. Cytogenetic examination of peripheral blood showed severe
      abnormalities. The patient did not respond to therapy and died 3 months after
      manifestation of the blast crisis.

PMID- 3863679
TI  - Remission with high erythrocyte sedimentation rates in acute myeloid leukemia is
      of short duration.

PMID- 3863680
TI  - Irrational attitudes toward addicts and narcotics.

PMID- 3863681
TI  - Under-prescription/over-prescription: narcotic as metaphor.

PMID- 3863683
TI  - Dental health habits among pre-school nonparticipants in public dental care.

PMID- 3863682
TI  - Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on glycogenolysis in isolated
      hepatocytes.
AB  - E-series prostaglandins have previously been demonstrated to inhibit hormone
      stimulated glycogenolysis when added to isolated hepatocytes of the rat. In the
      present study, the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which inhibit
      cyclo-oxygenase activity, on glycogenolysis was examined in the hepatocyte model.
      Ibuprofen (80 microM), indomethacin (50 microM) and meclofenamate (60 microM) all
      increased rates of glycogenolysis when added under basal conditions. In contrast,
      piroxicam (50 microM) had no effect on glycogenolysis in the hepatocyte system.
      Concentrations of ibuprofen below 80 microM did not significantly increase rates
      of glycogenolysis. Ibuprofen (80 microM) had no effect on glycogenolysis in the
      presence of 10(-5)M adrenaline or 5 X 10(-7)M glucagon, but did increase
      glycogenolytic rates in the presence of 5 X 10(-8)M glucagon. Ibuprofen
      stimulated glycogenolysis was inhibited by addition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).
      Under conditions where glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis was inhibited by
      exogenous PGE2, addition of ibuprofen (80 microM) increased the rate of
      glycogenolysis. Ibuprofen had no effect on basal or glucagon-stimulated
      hepatocyte adenylate cyclase activity. In conclusion, these results demonstrate
      that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which are carboxylic acids can increase
      the rate of glycogenolysis in isolated hepatocytes. The high concentrations of
      drug required to stimulate glycogenolysis, the lack of effect of piroxicam, and
      the demonstration of stimulation by ibuprofen in the presence of exogenous PGE2
      all suggest that the stimulation of glycogenolysis by ibuprofen, indomethacin and
      meclofenamate is independent of cyclooxygenase inhibition. These observations are
      consistent with reports that carboxylic acid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
      can interfere with hepatic intracellular calcium handling.

PMID- 3863684
TI  - Dental health attitudes, behaviour and knowledge in 14-year-old Iraqi children.

PMID- 3863685
TI  - The analysis of inter-dentist agreement in caries prevalence studies.

PMID- 3863686
TI  - The influence of orthodontic extractions on the caries indices in schoolchildren
      in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 3863687
TI  - Preliminary report on a restricted orthodontic screening programme in southern
      Derbyshire.

PMID- 3863688
TI  - Results and issues arising from an evaluation of community dental health
      education: the case of the 'Good Teeth Programme'.

PMID- 3863689
TI  - A reassessment of Lothian Health Board's dental health education programme for
      primary school children.

PMID- 3863690
TI  - Tourniquet infusion chemotherapy for osseous malignant lesions.
AB  - Two patients with osseous malignant lesions were treated with the tourniquet
      infusion method. The first patient, with two metastatic lesions in the left femur
      resulting from a renal adenocarcinoma, had three courses of intra-arterial
      Adriamycin. Biopsies of these lesions showed that the distal lesion, which was
      perfused during each treatment, was histologically negative, whereas the proximal
      lesion, which was not perfused because of the position of the catheter, contained
      the viable tumor. The second patient, a 12-year-old girl with osteogenic sarcoma
      of the proximal portion of the right tibia, had three courses of intra-arterial
      chemotherapy with Adriamycin and cisplatinum, and then underwent open biopsy,
      which was histologically negative. Another open biopsy six months later was also
      histologically negative. She has normal use of her extremity and, at eleven
      months since the initiation of treatment, she remains disease free. The
      evaluation of the tourniquet infusion technique in greater numbers of patients
      with bone tumors under carefully controlled conditions, appears warranted.

PMID- 3863691
TI  - Values of CA 19-9 in the serum, pure pancreatic juice, and aspirated pancreatic
      material in the diagnosis of malignant pancreatic tumor.
AB  - The diagnostic accuracy of the measurement of CA 19-9 in the serum, pure
      pancreatic juice, and aspirated pancreatic fluid in the diagnosis of pancreatic
      tumors was assessed in 32 patients with malignant pancreatic tumors and 19
      patients with pancreatitis. Pure pancreatic juice was collected from the
      pancreatic duct by endoscopic cannulation with a duodenofiberscope after
      intravenous administration of secretin. Pancreatic material was obtained by
      percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasonic guidance. Abnormally
      high CA 19-9 levels in the serum were significantly more frequent in patients
      with malignant pancreatic tumors than in those with pancreatitis: they were
      elevated in 71.9% of the patients with pancreatic tumors. High CA 19-9 levels
      were found primarily in patients with a tumor of the head of the pancreas, in
      those with a tumor greater than 3 cm in its greatest diameter, and in those with
      an unresectable cancer. Only 57.1% of seven patients with a tumor of less than 3
      cm in its greatest diameter showed an increase in CA 19-9 level. The CA 19-9
      levels in pure pancreatic juice were significantly higher in patients with
      pancreatic tumors than in patients with pancreatitis without pancreatic stone.
      However, it was not useful for differentiating pancreatic tumors from
      pancreatitis with pancreatolithiasis. The CA 19-9 level in pancreatic materials
      obtained by aspiration biopsy was significantly higher in patients with malignant
      pancreatic tumors than in those with pancreatitis. Eight patients (80%) with
      pancreatic tumors had values above 1000 U/ml, whereas all five patients with
      pancreatitis had values of less than 30 U/ml. Although CA 19-9 levels in
      pancreatic materials was useful only when cytologic examination did not provide
      any evidence of malignancy, the combination of the CA 19-9 assay and the
      cytologic study of specimens obtained by percutaneous fine-needle aspiration
      biopsy of the pancreas increased the diagnostic rate to 100%.

PMID- 3863692
TI  - Lymphomas in men at high risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). A
      study of 21 cases.
AB  - An increased incidence of lymphoid neoplasias is associated with the states of
      immune deficiency, both congenital and acquired. Twenty-one cases of lymphoma in
      men at high risk for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were diagnosed in
      one community hospital in New York City within the last 2 years. The mean age of
      these patients was 39.6 years, 20 were homosexual, and 1 was an intravenous drug
      abuser. There were 3 Hodgkin's and 18 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of various
      histologic types, but almost all of high-grade categories. The proportion of
      extranodal lymphomas, the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, central
      nervous system, bone marrow, and myocardium were significantly higher than in the
      lymphomas of the general population. The phenotypes were B-cell and non-B-non-T
      cell types without any T-cell lymphomas. All patients had reversed helper
      suppressor T-cell ratios and all those tested had circulating HTLV-III
      antibodies. Seven patients have had previous lymph node biopsies performed,
      showing the lesions of AIDS-related lymphadenopathies that often were directly
      associated with lymphoma. A variety of severe opportunistic infections and
      Kaposi's sarcoma affected these patients. All lymphomas in this group were highly
      aggressive, involved multiple organs, and responded poorly to treatment,
      resulting in early deaths.

PMID- 3863693
TI  - Osteogenic sarcoma in pregnant women. Prognosis, therapeutic implications, and
      literature review.
AB  - This study of 18 pregnant women with concomitant osteogenic sarcoma of bone
      analyzes the important assertion whether this sarcoma and pregnancy have an
      adverse interaction. For comparison we matched the pregnant osteogenic sarcoma
      patients with nonpregnant women with the same skeletal tumor location and
      histologic appearance as well as similar age distribution. There was no worsening
      of prognosis of pregnant osteogenic sarcoma patients, and neither the pregnancy
      nor the disease appeared to act adversely toward the other. The 18 pregnant women
      with osteogenic sarcoma fared no better (nor worse) than the nonpregnant women
      with osteogenic sarcoma.

PMID- 3863694
TI  - Two cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia (M2 type) with karyotypes 45X,
      X,t(6;8)(q27;q22),inv(9) and 46,XY,t(8;21)(q22;q22),del(9)(q22).
AB  - Two patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) are described. The first case
      is that of a patient with AML who had a low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase level
      associated with a variant (6;8)(q27;q22) translocation, coupled with loss of an X
      chromosome in bone marrow and unstimulated blood cells. The second case is that
      of an AML patient in whom the karyotype of the leukemic cells at the time of
      diagnosis was 46,XY,t(8;21)(q22;q22),del(9)(q22); at relapse, the patient
      acquired an additional chromosome #19. The lack of involvement of chromosome #21
      in the first case, as well as the occurrence of an abnormality of chromosome #9,
      in addition to the t(8q-;21q+) in the second case are discussed with reference to
      the character of the possible specific chromosomal events in patients with type
      M2 AML.

PMID- 3863695
TI  - Near-triploid Ph-positive leukemia.
AB  - Tetraploid populations have been observed in various types of leukemia, but
      relatively few reports exist of triploid cell populations in acute or chronic
      leukemia. We report two cases of Ph-positive leukemia with a modal triploid cell
      population. Examination of peripheral blood from a 3-year-old boy with Ph
      positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and a 68-year-old male with Ph
      positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) in blastic crisis revealed modal
      populations of 72 and 63 chromosomes, respectively. G-banding analysis of both
      cases revealed the following: karyotypic instability (no clonality), dominant
      trisomy, and the random association of the Ph chromosome with gains and losses of
      chromosomes involved in this translocation. The cytogenetic evidence obtained
      suggests that the triploid cell populations were not derived from a duplication
      of a hypodiploid cell population, but resulted from random loss of chromosomes
      from tetraploid cell populations derived from duplication of pseudodiploid cells.

PMID- 3863696
TI  - Translocations that highlight chromosomal regions of differentiated activity.
AB  - The frequent translocation of the c-myc oncogene into the immunoglobulin loci in
      tumors of B lymphocytes prompted us to ask whether or not disease-associated
      chromosomal translocations specific for other disorders in different cell types
      would also involve regions of the genome encoding important differentiation
      specific products made by these cells. We have studied the karyotypes of two
      patients with erythroleukemia and an established erythroleukemia cell line, K562
      (late passages), and find translocations within the chromosomal regions to which
      the genes that encode alpha and beta globin have been assigned. Additionally, we
      have analyzed the karyotype of cloned B-lymphocytes, including both kappa and
      lambda producing cells, from a patient with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and find a
      translocation between the regions encoding immunoglobulin (Ig) light and heavy
      chain genes whereas a different translocation not involving these regions is seen
      in T-lymphocytes from the same patient. These examples provide insight into the
      mechanism of chromosomal translocation in both cancerous and noncancerous
      conditions and lead to the speculation that genomic activity is a necessary
      factor in the generation of some chromosomal translocations.

PMID- 3863697
TI  - Translocation of c-abl to "masked" Ph in chronic myeloid leukemia.
AB  - In two patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the nature of the
      chromosomal rearrangement giving rise to "masked" Ph has been studied by in situ
      hybridization of human c-abl sequences. The c-abl probes hybridized to the 22q11
      region of the "masked" Ph, demonstrating that translocation of sequences from
      9q34 to the Ph did occur exactly as in standard Ph or in other types of variants
      previously studied. These results provide additional evidence for the occurrence
      of a constant molecular rearrangement in Ph-positive CML.

PMID- 3863698
TI  - Variant Ph translocations in chronic myeloid leukemia.
AB  - Variant translocations were found in eight of 142 consecutive patients with Ph
      positive, chronic myeloid leukemia encountered in our laboratory during the last
      decade. Two patients had simple, two-way variant translocations:
      t(17;22)(p13;q11) and t(16;22)(q24;q11). Both of these patients had an additional
      translocation involving chromosomes #9: t(7;9)(q22;q34) and t(9;17)(q34;q21),
      respectively. Complex variant translocations were found in four cases:
      t(2;9;22)(p23q12;q34;q11), t(3;9;22)(p21;q34;q11), t(9;12;22)(q34;q13;q11q13),
      and t(13;17;22)(p11;p11q21;q11). In two cases, the only discernable cytogenetic
      aberration was del(22)(q11). A review of the chromosomal breakpoints involved in
      this series and in 185 cases of variant Ph translocations previously reported in
      the literature reveals that a disproportionately large number of breakpoints are
      located in light-staining regions of G-banded chromosomes. Furthermore, the
      breakpoints in simple variant translocations are more often located in terminal
      chromosomal regions, whereas, the breakpoints in complex translocations typically
      affect nonterminal bands. No obvious correlation was detected between variant Ph
      translocation breakpoints and either fragile sites, oncogene locations, or
      consistent chromosome breakpoints in other malignancies.

PMID- 3863699
TI  - Mapping of amplified c-myb oncogene, sister chromatid exchanges, and karyotypic
      analysis of the COLO 205 colon carcinoma cell line.
AB  - We have studied molecular and chromosomal details of cytogenetic status in a
      human tumor cell line COLO 205 that shows a stable, approximately tenfold
      amplification of the c-myb oncogene. The amplified copies of c-myb reside in two
      marker chromosomes that may have evolved from chromosome #6 by complex
      chromosomal rearrangements. No homogeneously staining regions can be discerned at
      the site of c-myb amplification. We suggest that c-myb was amplified in situ in a
      chromosomal segment (6q22-24) that became a part of the marker chromosome,
      possibly through isochromosome formation followed by duplication, and without the
      extrachromosomal intermediate form of double minute chromosomes. There is an
      enhanced frequency of sister chromatid exchanges at the site of amplified c-myb.
      These results are discussed in the context of models for gene amplification and
      oncogene activation.

PMID- 3863700
TI  - Involvement of chromosomes 4, 11, and 17 in a case of myelodysplastic syndrome.
AB  - A case of myelodysplastic syndrome in a 68-year-old male in whose marrow cells
      two translocations were established, i.e., t(4;11)(q13;q23) and t(11;17)(p?:q11),
      as well as other karyotypic changes (-6,-18,15p+), is described. The relation and
      identity of the bands involved in the translocations affecting chromosomes #11
      and #17 in leukemias in which these chromosomes are specifically affected, i.e.,
      t(4;11) in acute myelomonocytic leukemia and t(15;17) in acute promyelocytic
      leukemia, are discussed in relation to the case described.

PMID- 3863701
TI  - Correlations between anthracycline resistance, drug accumulation and membrane
      glycoprotein patterns in solid tumors of mice.
AB  - Both impaired drug accumulation and appearance of a new membrane glycoprotein
      species (mol. wt. approx. 180,000) are often associated with high levels of drug
      induced resistance to a group of natural products which includes adriamycin (ADR)
      and daunorubicin (DNR). In this study, we examined solid murine mammary,
      pancreatic and colon tumors varying in degrees of inherent or (in vivo) induced
      adriamycin resistance. Neither impaired drug accumulation nor alterations in
      membrane glycoprotein patterns were correlated with drug resistance in these
      tumors. These results suggest that permeability and glycoprotein alterations may
      only be associated with very high degrees of drug resistance.

PMID- 3863702
TI  - Major role of hepatic sulfotransferase activity in the metabolic activation, DNA
      adduct formation, and carcinogenicity of 1'-hydroxy-2',3'-dehydroestragole in
      infant male C57BL/6J x C3H/HeJ F1 mice.
AB  - 1'-Hydroxy-2',3'-dehydroestragole is a synthetic acetylenic analogue of 1'
      hydroxyestragole, the proximate carcinogenic metabolite of the naturally
      occurring hepatocarcinogen estragole (1-allyl-4-methoxybenzene). This analogue is
      considerably more potent than 1'-hydroxyestragole as an hepatocarcinogen in mice.
      1'-Acetoxy-2',3'-dehydroestragole reacted readily with deoxyguanosine or
      deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate at neutrality to form two adducts. Adduct I,
      isolated and characterized after dephosphorylation of the deoxyguanosine 5'
      monophosphate product, was a 1:1 mixture of two diastereomers of N2-(2',3'
      dehydroestragol-1'-yl)deoxyguanosine. Adduct II was shown to be N-7-(2',3'
      dehydroestragol-1'-yl)guanine. The reaction of deoxyadenosine with 1'-acetoxy
      2',3'-dehydroestragole at neutrality produced Adducts III and IV. Adduct IV was
      characterized as N6-(2',3'-dehydroestragol-1'-yl)deoxyadenosine. Administration
      of [1'-3H]-1'-hydroxy-2',3'-dehydroestragole to male preweanling C57BL/6J x
      C3H/HeJ F1 (hereafter called B6C3F1) mice resulted in extensive covalent binding
      to hepatic DNA, RNA, and protein. On hydrolysis of the DNA to nucleosides, a
      single major adduct accounted for greater than 85% of the DNA-bound 3H. This
      adduct comigrated with Adduct I in two high performance liquid chromatography
      systems, had a pH partition profile identical to that of Adduct I, and was
      present as a mixture of diastereomers in a ratio of 2:1. The identity of the DNA
      adduct formed in vivo with Adduct I from the reaction of 1'
      acetoxydehydroestragole indicated that a reactive ester was a major metabolic
      precursor in vivo. There was no significant loss of Adduct I from the hepatic DNA
      by 21 days after a single injection of a carcinogenic dose of 1'-hydroxy-2',3'
      dehydroestragole. Adducts II, III, and IV were not detected in significant
      amounts in the hepatic DNA isolated by a phenol extraction method or by a more
      rapid hydroxylapatite method. Cytosolic sulfotransferase activity was
      demonstrated for 1-hydroxy-2',3'-dehydroestragole in mouse liver, and inhibition
      of this activity by greater than 95% was found on addition of 10 microM
      pentachlorophenol. The administration of pentachlorophenol (0.04 mumol/g body
      weight) 45 min prior to a single dose of 1'-hydroxy-2',3'-dehydroestragole (0.04
      mumol/g body weight) in 12-day-old male B6C3F1 mice greatly inhibited (87-97%)
      the covalent binding of 1'-hydroxy-2',3'-dehydroestragole to hepatic
      macromolecules and the formation of hepatomas at 10 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3863703
TI  - Differential sensitivity of a mouse myeloid leukemia cell line and normal mouse
      bone marrow cells to X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations.
AB  - Cell line ML-1 was established from a myelogenous leukemia of an RFM mouse. The
      ML-1 cells and in vitro normal mouse bone marrow cells were analyzed to determine
      if there was a differential sensitivity to X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations
      in G1 cells and/or differences in postirradiation cell cycle progression. Cells
      identified as being in G1 at the time of irradiation by their staining pattern
      after replication in 5-bromodeoxyuridine were analyzed for all types of
      chromosomal aberrations following X-ray doses of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 Gy. ML-1
      cells showed a greater sensitivity to the induction of both chromosome-type
      aberrations (dicentrics and terminal deletions) and chromatid-type aberrations
      (exchanges and deletions) compared to normal mouse bone marrow cells, which only
      contained chromosome-type aberrations. The presence of chromatid-type aberrations
      in the ML-1 cells and not normal bone marrow cells suggested a differential
      progression through the cell cycle for the two cell types after irradiation.
      Mitotic index and flow cytometric analyses were performed and showed that both
      cell types have a delay in progression from G2 into mitosis, but only the normal
      mouse bone marrow cells have a delay in progression from G1 into S, as well as
      delayed progression through the S phase following X-irradiation. These results
      indicate that the ML-1 leukemia cells have an increased radiosensitivity. This
      may be due to a defect in their ability to respond to DNA damage as evidenced by
      their lack of a G1- and S-phase delay which allows normal cells an increased time
      to repair DNA damage before replication. These same characteristics have been
      observed in ataxia telangiectasia cells and may well represent a general feature
      of cells with increased radiosensitivity.

PMID- 3863704
TI  - Synergistic anticellular effect of a combination of beta-interferon and retinoic
      acid against U937 cells.
AB  - Both human beta-interferon (IFN-beta) and retinoic acid (RA) are able to induce
      the differentiation of the human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937, but neither
      one alone can effectively eliminate the leukemic cells. When U937 cells are
      incubated with a combination of IFN-beta (200 units/ml) and RA (0.1-1.0 microM),
      extensive cell death can be observed as early as day 3 posttreatment, and IFN
      beta alone at a concentration as high as 10(4) units/ml is ineffective. These
      data suggest that there is a strong synergistic cell killing effect between IFN
      beta and RA against the U937 cells. This effect is so highly selective that
      similar enhancement has not been detected using a closely related cell line, HL
      60, and RA enhances neither IFN-alpha nor IFN-gamma in the killing of U937 cells.
      The mechanism of such synergism is unknown in the present study, but it appears
      that cytostasis or promotion of differentiation alone cannot account for this
      phenomenon since neither activity is enhanced to any appreciable extent.

PMID- 3863705
TI  - Differential cellular retention of vincristine and vinblastine by cultured human
      promyelocytic leukemia HL-60/Cl cells: the basis of differential toxicity.
AB  - Differential toxicity of vincristine and vinblastine against cells of a cloned
      subline of human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60/Cl) was dependent on exposure
      conditions. During continuous exposures of 48 h, vincristine and vinblastine were
      equitoxic with drug concentrations that inhibited proliferation rates by 50% of
      7.6 and 8.1 nM, respectively. When cells were subjected to 4-h exposures and
      transferred to drug-free medium, the drug concentration of vinblastine that
      inhibited proliferation rates by 50% (1.1 microM) was significantly greater than
      that of vincristine (41 nM). Analysis by flow cytometry of the effects of
      equitoxic drug exposures on cell-cycle progression suggested that vincristine and
      vinblastine acted by the same mechanism (G2-M phase inhibition). [3H]Vincristine
      and [3H]vinblastine were bound to serum proteins in growth medium to the same
      extent (25%) over a wide range of concentrations, and the amounts of "free"
      extracellular drug did not decrease during prolonged exposures. Analysis by high
      performance liquid chromatography of extracts of cultures incubated with growth
      inhibitory concentrations of [3H]vincristine or [3H]vinblastine indicated little,
      if any, metabolism of either drug by cells or culture fluids; after 24 h, 85-95%
      of radioactivity was recovered from cells or growth medium as unchanged
      vincristine or vinblastine. At concentrations from 6 nM to 6 microM, vinblastine
      entered cells rapidly, reaching maximum levels within 0.5-2 h, and the
      relationship between maximal cell-associated drug and extracellular free
      vinblastine was linear. Although uptake of vincristine was slower than that of
      vinblastine, the cellular content of vincristine reached that of vinblastine
      during prolonged (12-24 h) exposures, and the amounts of cell-associated drug,
      relative to extracellular drug concentrations, indicated considerable
      "concentrative" accumulation (intra: extracellular ratios, greater than 100).
      When drug exposures were ended by transfer of cells to drug-free medium,
      vinblastine was released from cells more rapidly and to a greater extent than
      vincristine, independent of whether exposures were 4 or 24 h. Rates of uptake and
      release of vinblastine (50 nM) were unaffected by depletion of cellular adenosine
      triphosphate, suggesting that rapid release was not mediated by an energy
      dependent efflux system.

PMID- 3863706
TI  - Heterogeneity of [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding in primary mouse
      keratinocytes at different stages of maturation.
AB  - Mouse keratinocytes respond heterogeneously to phorbol esters with distinct
      subpopulations stimulated to proliferate or induced to differentiate. The
      maturation state of the epidermal cell at the time of exposure may determine its
      response. The binding of phorbol esters to primary mouse keratinocytes was
      studied under culture conditions selecting for proliferating cells or
      differentiating cells. [20-3H]-12-Deoxyphorbol 13-isobutyrate ([3H]-DPB) bound to
      both types of cells at one class of binding sites. The dissociation constant (Kd)
      for [3H]DPB in the proliferative cells [epidermal cells grown in Eagle's minimal
      essential medium containing 8% fetal calf serum (Chelex treated) and 0.05 mM
      CaCl2] was 69 nM and the binding at saturation (Bmax) was 1.3 pmol/mg of protein.
      The corresponding values in the differentiative cells (epidermal cells grown in
      Eagle's minimal essential medium containing 8% fetal calf serum and 1.2 mM CaCl2)
      were 96 nM and 1.5 pmol/mg of protein, respectively. In contrast to the results
      obtained with [3H]DPB, [20-3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate ([3H]PDBU) bound to both
      cell types in a heterogeneous fashion. Analyzed by the Ligand Program with a two
      site model, the Kd values for the two binding sites in the cells grown in the
      medium containing 0.05 mM CaCl2 were 5.5 and 100 nM and the Bmax values were 0.9
      and 1.7 pmol/mg of protein, respectively. The site for [3H]DPB binding seemed to
      correspond to the higher affinity [3H]PDBU binding site. The major difference in
      the cells grown in the medium containing 1.2 mM CaCl2 was an increase
      (approximately two-fold, depending on details of the analysis) in the Bmax of the
      lower affinity binding site with the other three parameters remaining similar.
      The state of epidermal differentiation thus appears to modulate the amount of the
      lower affinity binding sites for phorbol esters. Three Ca2+-resistant cell lines
      have been developed from carcinogen-treated primary keratinocytes. These cells
      are not tumorigenic and demonstrate characteristics consistent with their being
      initiated cells. In the medium containing 1.2 mM CaCl2, [3H]PDBU bound to these
      cells at one class of binding sites with affinities similar to that of the higher
      affinity sites for [3H]PDBU in cells grown in the medium containing either 0.05
      or 1.2 mM CaCl2.

PMID- 3863707
TI  - Parabiotic transfer of cancer anorexia/cachexia in male rats.
AB  - To demonstrate that the anorexia and depletion of cachexia reverses on tumor
      removal, F344 rats underwent sarcoma resection when their food intake fell to 0
      g/day. In survivors of surgery, reversal in food intake was apparent within 3
      days postoperatively, followed after 2 days by gain in host weight. To detect
      whether the transmission of anorexia/cachexia in these tumor-bearing (TB) rats
      was via the circulation, four groups were studied: single non-tumor bearing
      (NTB); single TB; parabiotic NTB; and parabiotic TB. The measured blood exchange
      rate between parabiotic halves was 1.2-1.5%/min. No cachectic effect was detected
      in either half of the NTB parabionts. There was no evidence of sarcoma metastases
      in the tumor-free half of the parabiotic TB pair. All the rats associated with
      the presence of tumor showed cachectic effects but the degree and timing of
      effect varied among the three conditions, single TB, parabiotic TB half, and
      parabiotic tumor-free half. In all variables examined (fall in food intake, time
      of first fall in food intake, host weight loss, elevation of blood urea nitrogen)
      the severities were always in the same sequence: single TB greater than
      parabiotic TB half greater than parabiotic tumor-free half greater than NTB. In
      addition, the TB parabiotic pair had a significantly longer survival time and
      grew a significantly larger tumor than did the single TB animal. The parabiotic
      tumor had a slower initial growth rate and a slower deceleration rate than the
      singlet tumor. These results provide evidence for the humoral mediation of cancer
      associated cachexia.

PMID- 3863708
TI  - Mapping of transforming growth factor alpha gene on human chromosome 2 close to
      the breakpoint of the Burkitt's lymphoma t(2;8) variant translocation.
AB  - Transforming growth factors (TGFs) are defined as biologically active
      polypeptides which reversibly confer the transformed phenotype onto untransformed
      cultured cells. TGF-alpha shows sequence homology with epidermal growth factor
      and competes with epidermal growth factor for binding to the epidermal growth
      factor receptor, stimulating the phosphorylation of the receptor. TGF-alpha is
      secreted by many transformed cells and may be involved in embryonic development.
      A cloned human TGF-alpha gene was used to map the locus for the TGF-alpha
      precursor to the short arm of human chromosome 2, region 2p11----2p13, by
      Southern blotting techniques with DNA prepared from rodent X human somatic cell
      hybrids. These hybrids contained different subsets of human chromosomes and
      included a set with a translocation between human chromosomes 1 and 2 [t(1;2)
      (q32;q13)]. In situ hybridization of the TGF-alpha probe to normal human
      metaphase spreads confirmed these data and localized TGF-alpha more precisely to
      bands 2p11----2p13. Breakpoints in the variant Burkitt lymphoma translocation
      t(2;8) occur within these bands. Such a t(2;8) translocation could place TGF
      alpha next to c-myc in band 8q24. The possibility is raised that TGF-alpha might
      contribute to tumor progression in these cases of Burkitt's lymphoma.

PMID- 3863709
TI  - Influence of human alpha-interferon on four human osteosarcoma xenografts in nude
      mice.
AB  - Growth-inhibiting effects of human alpha-interferon (HuIFN-alpha) were
      investigated in four human osteosarcoma xenografts in nude mice. In addition to
      effects on growth, the HuIFN-alpha treatment was evaluated by histological
      examination and DNA flow cytometric analysis. Daily doses of 2 X 10(5) IU HuIFN
      alpha completely arrested the growth of two osteosarcoma xenografts and partially
      inhibited one, whereas 1 X 10(6) IU/day were necessary to arrest the growth of
      the fourth. Growth inhibition was reversible and tumor size independent. The
      histological appearance, including mitotic indices, and S-phase proportions were
      unchanged in three xenografts. The mechanism of the HuIFN-alpha-induced growth
      inhibition of these three xenografts was therefore not considered to be a direct
      antiproliferative effect, but rather due to increased cell loss and/or increased
      cell cycle time. The modal DNA value of one xenograft was changed from aneuploid
      to diploid during HuIFN-alpha treatment. Histologically, these xenografts were
      partly replaced by normal appearing bone and bone marrow. The S-phase proportion
      was also reduced in these xenografts, implying that HuIFN-alpha can also have a
      direct antiproliferative effect.

PMID- 3863710
TI  - Inhibition of murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation by 3-deazaadenosine.
AB  - Recent studies have demonstrated that 5'-methylthioadenosine, an inhibitor of S
      adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase, blocks induction of murine
      erythroleukemia cell (MEL) differentiation. The nucleoside analogue 3
      deazaadenosine (c3Ado) is both an efficient substrate and a potent inhibitor of
      AdoHcy hydrolase. The present study was undertaken to determine whether c3Ado
      would similarly inhibit MEL differentiation. The results demonstrate that c3Ado
      inhibits induction of MEL differentiation by dimethyl sulfoxide, hexamethylene
      bisacetamide, butyric acid, and diazapam. c3Ado blocks the appearance of the
      differentiated MEL phenotype by inhibiting both MEL heme synthesis and
      transcription of alpha- and beta-globin RNA. The inhibitory effect of c3Ado on
      MEL differentiation is concentration dependent, reversible, and potentiated by L
      homocysteine thiolactone. Furthermore the AdoHcy/AdoMet ratio increases nearly
      3.5-fold after 24 h of treatment with 50 microM c3Ado. In contrast, this c3Ado
      effect is not associated with polyamine depletion or cytostasis. These findings
      indicate that c3Ado blocks the induction of MEL differentiation at a
      transcriptional level and that this effect may be related to inhibition of AdoHcy
      hydrolase.

PMID- 3863712
TI  - Factors involved in quantitating induction of anchorage independence in diploid
      human fibroblasts by carcinogens.

PMID- 3863711
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a novel nucleoside, 7-beta-D
      ribofuranosylhypoxanthine, from the urine of a chronic myelogenous leukemia
      patient.
AB  - A novel nucleoside, in the amount of 400 micrograms, was isolated from a 24-h
      collection of urine of a chronic myelogenous leukemia patient. On the basis of
      ultraviolet, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry and
      chromatography, its structure was established to be 7-beta-D
      ribofuranosylhypoxanthine. The ultraviolet and mass spectral data and the thin
      layer chromatographic mobilities of the natural material were identical to those
      of a synthetic sample. High performance liquid chromatographic retention times
      and the coinjection high performance liquid chromatography of the natural
      material with the synthetic samples of the alpha and beta-anomers of 7
      ribofuranosylhypoxanthines further confirmed the identity of the isolated
      material as 7-beta-D-ribofuranosylhypoxanthine.

PMID- 3863713
TI  - Primary aldosteronism: treatment with trilostane.
AB  - Trilostane, an inhibitor of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme system
      of steroid biosynthesis, was applied to 18 patients with primary aldosteronism (9
      patients with adrenal adenoma, 9 patients with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia) for
      12 weeks. A marked decrease in plasma aldosterone was observed during therapy
      combined with a reduction in blood pressure and a rise in serum potassium levels.
      Except for slight diarrhea in 4 patients, which did not require cessation of
      trilostane medication, no further side effects were observed. Trilostane proved
      to be an effective inhibitor of aldosterone biosynthesis and was found useful in
      the treatment of primary aldosteronism both in patients with adrenal adenoma and
      in those with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia.

PMID- 3863714
TI  - Effects of trilostane in normotensive and hypertensive rats.
AB  - The effect of trilostane, a competitive inhibitor of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase, on adrenal tissue and blood pressure was studied in normotensive
      and spontaneously hypertensive rats. The drug was administered orally in doses of
      10, 200 and 650 mg/kg/day for 2 and 4 weeks. Trilostane induced an increase in
      adrenal weight by lipoid transformation of the zona fasciculata. Simultaneously a
      reduction of retroperitoneal fat tissue was seen in all animals. A significant
      increase in blood pressure was observed under a trilostane medication of 650
      mg/kg/day in normotensive as well as in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Blood
      pressure under lower doses did not increase significantly. Both increase of blood
      pressure and reduction of retroperitoneal fat tissue might be caused by increased
      release and synthesis of catecholamines.

PMID- 3863715
TI  - [The importance of findings on complement genetics for medicine].

PMID- 3863716
TI  - Ofloxacin: antibacterial activity, induction of resistance and killing curves.
AB  - The antibacterial activity of ofloxacin was compared to that of nalidixic acid,
      norfloxacin and against various strains. This new quinolone was about 100 times
      more active than nalidixic acid, and pipemidic acid and generally 2 to 4 fold
      more active than norfloxacin and pefloxacin except against Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. The increase of resistance to ofloxacin, norfloxacin and pefloxacin
      seems to plateau, usually at about 16 times the initial MIC. The bactericidal
      activity of ofloxacin also appeared quickly and more rapidly than that of
      norfloxacin.

PMID- 3863717
TI  - Similar changes in cardiac morphology and DNA synthesis induced by doxorubicin
      and 4'-epi-doxorubicin.
AB  - Doxorubicin is an antineoplastic agent whose clinical administration is limited
      by dose-dependent irreversible cardiomyopathy. Doxorubicin inhibits the rate of
      DNA synthesis in cultured rat myocardial cells after 1 h incubation with 16
      microM, as is demonstrated by a decreased incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine.
      An analogue of doxorubicin, 4'-epi-doxorubicin, also inhibits the rate of DNA
      synthesis within 1 h after treatment with 16 microM, to the same extent as
      doxorubicin-treatment of myocardial cells. Furthermore, similarity between
      doxorubicin and 4'-epi-doxorubicin in their effect on the myocardial thymidylate
      pool was also demonstrated by a significantly decreased incorporation of total
      [methyl-3H]thymidine. The effect of doxorubicin on the rate of DNA synthesis in
      cultured rat skeletal muscle cells treated for 1 h with 16 microM was
      quantitatively the same as in myocardial cells. Light microscopy of doxorubicin-
      and 4'-epi-doxorubicin-treated myocardial cells and doxorubicin-treated skeletal
      muscle cells showed distinct nucleolar fragmentation and revealed no differences
      between the two drugs in their effect on either myocardial or skeletal muscle
      cells. Electron microscopy of myocardial cells following doxorubicin treatment
      showed increased nuclear pleomorphism and invaginations, along with a striking
      and distinctive clumping of nuclear chromatin. Furthermore, an apparent high
      density of the mitochondria due to an increased matrix volume and a concomitant
      decrease in the intermembrane compartment were observed. The results of this
      study indicate that doxorubicin-induced inhibition of cardiac DNA synthesis in
      cultured myocardial cells is nonpredictive of cardiotoxicity. The mechanism is at
      least bimodal, and the apparent minor toxicity of 4'-epi-doxorubicin compared
      with that of doxorubicin in clinical trials cannot be distinguished by a
      difference in the inhibition of DNA synthesis in the rat heart.

PMID- 3863718
TI  - Assessment of ventricular function by radionuclide angiography in patients
      receiving 4'-epidoxorubicin and mitoxantrone.
AB  - Serial assessment of ventricular function by means of radionuclide angiography
      was performed in 50 patients with malignant neoplasms who received either 4'
      epidoxorubicin or mitoxantrone for longer than 3 months. In 9 of 30 patients
      given 4'-epidoxorubicin, a decrease of greater than or equal to 10% in the left
      ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was documented at doses of 143-1200 mg/m2.
      Two patients developed clinical signs of cardiotoxicity at a dose of greater than
      1000 mg/m2. In 6 of 20 patients given mitoxantrone a decrease of greater than or
      equal to 10% in the LVEF occurred at doses of 26-98 mg/m2.

PMID- 3863719
TI  - Effects of 6-thioguanine on communication competence and factors affecting
      reversibility of phorbol ester inhibition in V79 cells measured by the metabolic
      cooperation assay and by dye coupling.
AB  - One assay used to study the role of intracellular communication in tumor
      promotion examines chemically-induced inhibition of metabolic cooperation between
      6-thioguanine (6-TG) sensitive (HGPRT+) V79 Chinese hamster cells in co-culture
      with 6-TG resistant (HGPRT-) cells. In the present study metabolic cooperation
      and Lucifer Yellow dye coupling were applied to detect intercellular
      communication. HGPRT+ cells were still communication competent when pre-incubated
      with 6-TG for up to 48 h before HGPRT- cells were plated. In both assays the
      phorbol esters 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and phorbol-12,13
      dibutyrate (PDBu) inhibited intercellular communication completely at 1 ng/ml.
      Using 6-TG metabolic cooperation, extensive washing of cells failed to reverse
      the inhibition caused by 100 ng TPA/ml after exposure for as little as 1 h.
      However, the effect of PDBu was completely eliminated if the drug was removed
      within 24 h. Complete blockade of dye coupling by 1, 10 or 100 ng TPA/ml was
      reversible after washing only at 1 ng/ml. Cells cultured in the presence of these
      TPA concentrations displayed significant reversal of dye coupling inhibition
      after 40 h. The results indicate that the onset of communication competence
      impairment between V79 cells by 6-TG is much slower than hitherto implied.
      Failure of intercellular communication to recover even from short exposure to 100
      ng TPA/ml appears to be attributable to its lipophilic nature. Not enough TPA can
      be removed by washing to overcome its potent inhibitory action. These
      observations indicate that the physicochemical properties of a chemical must be
      taken into consideration before making judgements about the duration of
      inhibition.

PMID- 3863720
TI  - Natural killer cell activity in atopic dermatitis: a sequential study.
AB  - It is well-recognized that patients with atopic dermatitis handle certain
      cutaneous viral infections poorly. As natural killer (NK) cell activity is
      considered to contribute to the immune response to viral infection, seven young
      adults with atopic dermatitis had their NK cell function assessed over a 12-month
      period. Natural killer cell activity was found to correlate inversely with
      disease activity. The more active the disease, the greater was the reduction in
      NK cell function (P less than 0.01. In addition, a strong correlation between
      clinical activity and IgE was shown (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 3863721
TI  - Relation between nasal/voice accelerometric values and interval estimates of
      hypernasality.
AB  - Nasal/throat accelerometric ratios were obtained from 12 hypernasal and three
      normal children. The accelerometric voltages comprising the ratio were analogs of
      nasal and anterior-neck tissue vibrations. Audio recordings, which were obtained
      simultaneously with the accelerometric voltages, were later judged for
      hypernasality using an equal-appearing-interval (EAI) scale. High correlations
      were evident between accelerometric and EAI values when a stimulus sentence
      contained obstruents, semivowels, and vowels. No correlation existed between
      accelerometric measures and hypernasality judgments when a sentence contained
      primarily nasal phonemes and vowels.

PMID- 3863722
TI  - Effect of speaking rate on judgments of disordered speech in children with cleft
      palate.
AB  - The effect of increased speaking rate on the perception of disordered speech in
      children with cleft palate was studied. Six children with cleft palate (ages 7
      years to 10 years of age) produced three different sentences over a continuum of
      speaking rates. Fifteen judges rated each sentence according to the severity of
      disordered speech perceived, including nasality, nasal distortions, nasal
      emission, glottal stops, and pharyngeal fricatives. Mean ratings for the 15
      judges were determined for each sentence. The results indicated that the
      perception of disordered speech did not increase as a function of increased
      speaking rate. Possible explanations for the results include: (1) The speakers
      with cleft palate made adjustments in movement strategy to accommodate the
      reduced time in a manner similar to speakers without a cleft. (2) The speakers
      with cleft palate used movement strategies which, although unlike those used by
      speakers without a cleft, allowed them to avoid speech deterioration. (3)
      Increasing speaking rate did not reduce the time available to an extent that it
      was necessary to change movement strategy.

PMID- 3863723
TI  - Craniofacial disproportions in Apert's syndrome: an anthropometric study.
AB  - Twenty craniofacial indices composed of 26 surface measurements taken directly
      from the head and face were determined in 14 Apert's syndrome patients 18 days to
      5 years old (younger subgroup) and 14 patients ages 6 years to 15 years old
      (older subgroup). All of the patients were North American Caucasians who had
      undergone early suture release but no facial repair. The indices were compared
      with those in healthy controls of the same age and sex. The wide intercanthal
      distance in relation to the narrow soft nose was the most frequent (81.5%) and
      extensive (17.7% above the maximum normal index value) disproportion. Abnormal
      indices occurred most often with the combination of one abnormal and one normal
      measurement (61.0%). All seven of the 16 disproportions seen in both age
      subgroups increased in frequency nonsignificantly with age: the supernormal
      cephalic, intercanthal, nasal, and vertical mandibulofacial indices and the
      subnormal nasofacial, upper face, and jaws' arcs indices. Of the six
      disproportions that decreased in frequency with age, four changed significantly
      (the supernormal frontoparietal and frontozygomatic indices and the subnormal
      mandibulofacial and nasozygomatic indices) and two changed nonsignificantly (the
      supernormal intercanthoalar and subnormal cheilozygomatic indices). With the
      exception of two nasal proportions, the extent of the disproportionality
      decreased in all of the indices that increased with age.

PMID- 3863725
TI  - Bilateral nasal mucoperiosteal flaps in bilateral cleft palate repair.
AB  - A simple technique is presented which uses bilateral nasal mucoperiosteal flaps
      to cover the raw surface on the nasal side of a Wardill-type pushback procedure
      for cleft palate repair. The flaps provide the additional tissue necessary for
      this coverage in bilateral cleft repairs. Primary healing was seen in 18
      patients, and follow-up speech evaluation in 15 patients demonstrated no nasality
      in 10, mild sporadic nasality in four, and moderate to severe hypernasality in
      one.

PMID- 3863724
TI  - Surface morphology in Treacher Collins syndrome: an anthropometric study.
AB  - Between 27 and 65 anthropometric measurements were taken for the head and face of
      18 Treacher Collins syndrome patients. The most defective and frequent findings
      were subnormal facial depth measurements, which increased in disproportionality
      toward the mandible. Width of the face was more frequently and more severely
      subnormal than that of the mandible. The orbits were hyperteloric with
      disproportionately short eye fissures and an antimongoloid inclination. The ears
      were microtic (more so in width than in length) in 58.8 percent of cases but low
      set in only 20 percent. The nose measurements were mostly normal, which explains
      the "parrot-beak" character of the nose in the presence of a hypoplastic receding
      chin; the only nose defects were supernormal height and width in the root and
      subnormal bridge inclination. The most frequently seen striking disproportions
      were those between the width of the nasal root and the width of the soft nose,
      followed by the great discrepancy between the markedly narrow face and the
      usually normal face height.

PMID- 3863726
TI  - Methods of assessing speech in relation to velopharyngeal function.
AB  - Seven speech pathologists with expertise in the evaluation of the speech of
      individuals with cleft palate agreed that the following parameters should be
      assessed: case history, oral-peripheral mechanism, articulation, and voice
      quality. From such information and observations the clinician should be in a
      position to make inferences about velopharyngeal function. If velopharyngeal
      function is not normal, it is mandatory that additional information about the
      mechanism be obtained.

PMID- 3863727
TI  - A technique for obturating palatal fistulas.
AB  - Use of nontoxic self-adhesive material is described to obturate residual hard
      palate fistulas. This material may be used during perceptual and aerodynamic
      speech assessments to evaluate speech distortion and the relative contributions
      of velopharyngeal port and fistula to nasal air leakage during speech. It may
      also be used as an interim obturator prior to surgical repair of a fistula.

PMID- 3863728
TI  - Secondary correction of the cleft lip and nose deformity: a new technique for
      revision of whistling deformity.
AB  - Reconstruction of the continuity of the orbicularis oris is the main component in
      correction of the whistling deformity. However, many of the cases are associated
      with other deformities, such as conspicuous lip scars, an unnaturally wide
      central lip, flaring alae with wide nostril floors, and a short columella with a
      flat nasal tip. We report a technique that combines correction of such
      deformities with reconstruction of the orbicularis oris in a single operation.

PMID- 3863729
TI  - Estimation of VLDL cholesterol in hyperlipidemia.
AB  - Lipoprotein data from 10947 fasting blood samples drawn between 1968 and 1982 in
      the Molecular Disease Branch at the National Institutes of Health were used to
      test the generalizability of estimating very low density lipoprotein cholesterol
      (VLDL-C) from plasma triglyceride (TG). Patient samples with total cholesterol
      levels over 500 mg/l and triglyceride values in the 0-100 000 mg/1 range were
      included in this study. A previously defined linear relationship VLDL-C = 0.20
      (TG) was observed in the past by Friedewald and collaborators, allowing
      estimation of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) without
      ultracentrifugation for TG values up to 4 000 mg/1. The results from this report
      extend the use of the Friedewald relationship to higher TG levels, and to various
      dyslipidemic states. As the VLDL-C estimates become increasingly imprecise for TG
      values greater than 10 000 mg/l, caution should be exercised using the estimate
      in the higher TG ranges. Comparisons with an alternative equation VLDL-C = 0.166
      (TG) showed equal or improved accuracy with this estimation procedure,
      particularly at high TG levels.

PMID- 3863730
TI  - Evaluation of a commercial reagent for precipitating human serum low-density
      lipoprotein.

PMID- 3863731
TI  - Eating disorders: assessment and treatment.
AB  - Anorexia and bulimia are eating disorders affecting a significant number of
      adolescent and young adult women. The core symptoms of both disorders are similar
      and include a fear of obesity, body image disturbance, erratic eating patterns,
      and purging. These symptoms produce significant physical and psychologic
      complications. Both anorexia and bulimia appear to have a common origin in a fear
      of obesity and dieting. Anorectics, being "successful" dieters, lose a
      significant amount of weight; whereas bulimics alternate between binges and
      purges. Treatment for the eating disorders is gradually evolving as clinical
      research experience accumulates. For anorexia, hospitalization is indicated when
      weight falls below 15% of ideal, and most investigators agree that therapy for
      the core symptoms cannot be undertaken until weight is restored. During the
      impatient stay, a behavior modification program can effectively organize medical,
      nutritional, and psychologic support, and offers the quickest and most direct
      route to weight restoration. The nasogastric tube and total parenteral nutrition
      are used primarily for those who are severely emaciated or who actively resist
      standard modes of therapy. Inpatient treatment is most effectively and
      efficiently rendered in a specialized eating disorder unit. Once weight
      restoration is progressing, behavior therapy for core symptoms is commenced and
      continued on an outpatient basis. A variety of behavioral techniques are
      employed, and they are designed primarily to influence anorectic assumptions and
      beliefs. Although there may be a brief inpatient stay for initiation of
      treatment, the bulk of therapy for bulimia occurs on an outpatient basis. The
      available literature indicates that behavioral techniques and antidepressant
      medication are effective for the symptoms of bulimia. Early identification of
      core symptoms of both disorders can lead to an initiation of treatment before the
      core symptoms become ingrained. A potentially more effective intervention lies in
      efforts to influence the media. As noted, standards for feminine beauty as
      portrayed in the media have changed significantly over the past 20 years. An
      attempt at the primary prevention of eating disorders would include efforts to
      convince the media to change their standards of femininity from cosmetic slimness
      to a focus on health and physical fitness. These efforts could stem from
      professional and lay organizations who have the interest and capability to
      influence policy.

PMID- 3863732
TI  - Late components of the auditory evoked potentials in Gilles de la Tourette
      syndrome.
AB  - Late components (N1, P2, N2, P3) of the event-related potential (ERP) elicited by
      simple auditory discrimination tasks were investigated in 6 patients with Gilles
      de la Tourette syndrome. The ERP's were registrated in the patients before and
      during drug treatment as well as in 16 healthy controls. It appeared that in
      Tourette syndrome the N2 and P2 waveforms (target response) at Cz and Pz were
      remarkably less well identifiable. The results did not reveal P3 abnormalities in
      the patients. However, the patients demonstrated definite changes in the N1 and
      P2 components as compared to the controls. The N1 amplitudes were decreased in
      the patients. During drug treatment the N1 amplitudes increased although they
      remained smaller than in the controls. It is concluded that Tourette patients
      have no abnormalities in early and late components, but that specifically the
      components between 90-280 ms are affected. These abnormalities may reflect
      specific attention deficits which often occur in Tourette syndrome.

PMID- 3863733
TI  - Dental health services research in Scotland: a review of some 5-year results.
AB  - A longitudinal study of dental treatment carried out by the Dental Health
      Services Research Unit in Dundee has provided a unique opportunity to investigate
      a variety of aspects of dental care received by a sample of dentate individuals
      over 5 yr. The distribution of treatment indicated that frequent attenders,
      especially those who changed dentist, were particularly prone to having teeth
      filled and that two-thirds of the restorative cost was spent on restoring tooth
      surfaces that had previously been filled. A quarter of the sample had severe
      periodontal disease and they tended to visit a dentist less frequently than those
      with mild periodontal disease. They were also more likely to have teeth extracted
      but less likely to have a scaling or other periodontal treatment than the
      moderately diseased. The findings suggest that there is considerable scope for a
      less treatment-orientated approach to the management of dental caries for those
      who currently receive most of the restorative treatment. The majority of the
      population who receive little dental care, especially those with severe
      periodontal disease, would probably gain by visiting a dentist more frequently.
      Dentists need to acquire a more positive attitude towards prevention and an
      increased ability to make intellectually based decisions not to treat.

PMID- 3863734
TI  - Dental attendance of some of the common immigrant groups in Sweden.
AB  - The aim of this study was to see how Greek, Polish, Turkish, Yugoslavian and
      Finnish immigrants utilized dental services offered, as compared to Swedes. The
      study covered the years 1976-79, using figures from the National Social Insurance
      Board (NSIB). All foreign citizens of the aforementioned groups born on the 20th
      of any month and living in the country of Stockholm were selected, together with
      a comparison group of Swedish citizens. During the 4 yr in question, only 31% of
      the Greeks, 50% of the Poles, 28% of the Turks, 40% of the Yugoslavs and 75% of
      the Finns visited a dentist in Sweden, while 87% of the Swedes did. Few
      immigrants except some Finns went annually. A great majority of all Greeks, Turks
      and Yugoslavs either saw a dentist only once or else not at all during the whole
      period. Emergency treatment was significantly more common for these groups than
      for Poles, Finns or Swedes. The study revealed a fragmentary and episodic use of
      the dental services offered to most common immigrant groups in Sweden.

PMID- 3863735
TI  - Score system for behaviour of radiologically diagnosed approximal carious
      lesions.
AB  - The evolution of systems which monitor changes in the severity of approximal
      carious lesions diagnosed from serial bitewing radiographs is reviewed. These
      systems derive a 'score' for each individual lesion based upon the extent of its
      progression. A new lesion behaviour score system is described which, unlike its
      predecessors, allows both lesion regression and data from partially overlapped
      but readable surfaces to contribute to scores. It employs scoring codes from a
      previously proposed standardized grading system which is compatible with WHO
      recommendations for grading clinical caries. The score system is designed to be
      used as a computer program capable of running on a variety of readily available
      microcomputers; this allows the incorporation of a flexible range of additional
      options which use the standard data files to calculate scores according to
      differing conventions. These accommodate variations in: the threshold at which
      restorative intervention is practiced, the treatment of reversals of caries
      diagnosis, the threshold of caries diagnosis and the way in which partially
      overlapped surfaces are scored. These options allow the system to be configured
      to suit the local needs of different investigations and workers, and also permit
      the study of the effects of these various methodologies.

PMID- 3863736
TI  - Diagnosis of mild enamel fluorosis in permanent maxillary incisors using two
      scoring systems.
AB  - The main purpose of this study was to compare the diagnosis of mild enamel
      fluorosis as established by two scoring systems, that of Dean based primarily on
      quantitative aspects and that of Thylstrup & Fejerskov with a preferentially
      qualitative approach. A further aim was to study the prevalence of fluorosis in
      permanent maxillary incisors after intake of fluoride tablets for a minimum of 5
      yr between 1/2 and 6 yr of age in accordance with recommendations from the
      National Swedish Board of Health and Welfare. Maxillary incisors were examined in
      118 13-yr-old children; 49 constituted a tablet group and the remaining 69 a
      control group who had never consumed tablets. Scored according to Dean, the
      difference in enamel fluorosis between the two groups was statistically not
      significant at the 5% level, whereas the system of Thylstrup & Fejerskov did give
      a significant difference. The frequency of fluorosis was substantially lower than
      that resulting from consumption of drinking water in Uppsala, Sweden, containing
      1-1.2 ppm F. A probable relationship was found between the scoring systems,
      particularly if the Dean score 0.5 ("questionable") was converted to score 1. To
      ensure correct diagnosis, the tooth surface should be exposed to prolonged drying
      and apply relevant criteria for the differential diagnosis of disturbances of
      other origin. The higher sensitivity of Thylstrup & Fejerskov's system relates to
      score 1, narrow white lines located corresponding to perikymata. Here there seems
      to be a risk of over- or underdiagnosing. Recommendations are given for
      epidemiologic surveys and for experimental trials of limited size.

PMID- 3863737
TI  - Describing the severity of mottling in a community: a different approach.
AB  - Dean's community mottling index, though a useful summary measure, suffers from
      the use of arbitrary scores and the inability to describe the frequency in each
      of the levels of mottling. An alternative statistical approach, based on the
      proportional odds model, is used here to describe the severity of mottling in a
      community. The use of this model is demonstrated on prevalence data collected on
      16 Texas communities.

PMID- 3863738
TI  - Effect of war-time dietary changes on dental health of Finns 40 years later.
AB  - During the Second World War the incidence of dental caries diminished due to
      reduced sugar consumption. It is possible that this reduction was more permanent
      in those age cohorts whose teeth erupted during the war because the teeth had an
      opportunity to mature before the caries attack. The aim of our study was to
      establish whether this reduction could still be demonstrated 40 yr after the war.
      The material consisted of consecutive age cohorts born in 1922-48 from the large
      Mini-Finland Oral Health Survey representing Finnish adults aged 30 yr or over in
      1979. The results showed a systematic difference in the number of caries free
      premolars and second molars between the age cohort born in 1931-33 and the
      younger and older age groups in favor of the group 1931-33, indicating that the
      first years after eruption may have had a long-term effect on the health of the
      teeth.

PMID- 3863739
TI  - Survival of dental restorations in young patients.
AB  - The aim of this study was to show how the survival of restorations placed in
      teeth of young patients varied with the age of the patient at the time of
      treatment. Data from the treatment records of 113 regularly attending patients at
      one practice were collected, and the fate and survival of 1327 restorations was
      determined from the sequences of treatment of each permanent tooth. Occlusal
      restorations occurred most frequently (37.6%) and together with the MO and DO
      restorations (22.6%) accounted for more than half of the restorations in the
      study. The proportion of replaced restorations increased with increasing patient
      age at the time of treatment, from 33% to 56%. The survival of all restorations
      improved the older the patient at the time of treatment, from 40% to 77%
      surviving 5 yr. The implications for the treatment of carious young permanent
      teeth are considered.

PMID- 3863740
TI  - Replacement of a deep, subgingival Class II amalgam restoration using a combined
      periodontal-restorative procedure: report of a case.

PMID- 3863741
TI  - The effect of polishing procedures on light-cured composite restorations.

PMID- 3863742
TI  - Alternative methods for inferior alveolar anesthesia.

PMID- 3863743
TI  - The role of ultraviolet light in dentistry.

PMID- 3863744
TI  - Streptococcus mutans and dental caries in infants.

PMID- 3863745
TI  - Imaging of the ischiorectal fossa.
AB  - A retrospective evaluation of 500 routine abdominal computed tomography scans
      revealed 21 cases of ischiorectal fossa disease in 16 patients. Pathologic
      processes included involvement by primary and secondary neoplasms, usually of
      gynecologic origin; rectal prolapse; and abscess. These abnormalities can be
      missed if the ischiorectal fossae are not included in routine abdominal scans.
      The anatomy of the ischiorectal fossae and their relationship to other pelvic
      organs are well demonstrated with high-resolution computed tomography scans as
      well as by magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3863746
TI  - Surgery in acute leukemia.

PMID- 3863747
TI  - Gene mapping in the Chinese hamster and conservation of syntenic groups and Q
      band homologies between Chinese hamster and mouse chromosomes.
AB  - Using Chinese hamster/mouse somatic cell hybrids segregating hamster chromosomes,
      we assigned 15 enzyme genes to six different Chinese hamster autosomes. Of the 15
      loci, three genes, HK1, PEPC, and SORD, were newly assigned to chromosomes 1, 5,
      and 6, respectively, while ENO1, PGD, and PGM1 were assigned to the long arm of
      chromosome 2, in the segment 2q113----qter. The locations of the following loci
      were confirmed: ESD, NP, and PEPB on chromosome 1, ME1 and MPI on chromosome 4,
      AK1 on chromosome 6, and GPI and PEPD on chromosome 9. Comparative mapping of
      Chinese hamster and laboratory mouse chromosomes revealed conservation of
      syntenic groups and extensive banding homology between the Chinese hamster and
      mouse chromosomes on which homologous enzyme markers have been mapped.

PMID- 3863748
TI  - Regional assignments of eight genes on chromosome 2 in the American mink.
AB  - Chromosomal rearrangements involving mink chromosome 2 in mink-Chinese hamster
      and mink-mouse hepatoma somatic hybrids were identified. By means of these
      rearrangements, we assigned the genes for HK1, GOT1, and PP to 2pter----p22,
      those for PGD, PGM1 and ENO1 to 2q24.4----qter, and that for NP and ADK to 2pter-
      --p11.1.

PMID- 3863749
TI  - Cystic fibrosis: progress in mapping the disease locus using polymorphic DNA
      markers. I.

PMID- 3863750
TI  - Assisted mechanical ventilation with the Servo ventilator.

PMID- 3863751
TI  - Prostaglandins in pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease.
AB  - Gastric ulcer (GU) and duodenal ulcer (DU) occur as a result of the imbalance
      between aggressive and defensive factors affecting the gastroduodenal mucosa.
      Prostaglandins (PG) of E and I series are generated throughout the
      gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the gastric and duodenal mucosa, and are
      released into the gut lumen upon vagal and hormonal stimulation. Endogenous PGs
      may be involved in the maintenance of mucosal integrity, control of mucosal blood
      flow and protection against potentially noxious agents. Gastric mucosa of ulcer
      patients tends to generate smaller amounts of PGs of E and I series and exhibits
      a reduced ratio of PG to thromboxane generation, which suggests that the
      deficiency of protective PG may play a role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer.
      Suppression of mucosal generation of PGs by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
      compounds causes mucosal damage and increases the risk of the formation or
      exacerbation of peptic ulcer. Exogenous PGE and its stable analogs have been
      tested successfully in the treatment of GU and DU and the results so far obtained
      indicate that these agents significantly increase the ulcer healing rate. Certain
      anti-ulcer drugs such as carbenoxolone, sucralfate, colloidal bismuth and
      cimetidine appear to exert their beneficial effects on ulcer healing by mediating
      the release of endogenous PGs.

PMID- 3863752
TI  - Prostaglandins as hormones.
AB  - In recent years, the concept of a hormone has been greatly changed, and the term
      'cybernin' is used to describe a substance which possesses not only endocrine
      activity but also has autocrine and paracrine effects. The cytoprotective effects
      of prostaglandins are reviewed with respect to the relationship between
      prostaglandins and cyclic AMP, and to the effects of prostaglandins on ion
      transport. Prostaglandins are produced by cell membranes of many tissues and are
      found in the vasculature. However, the metabolic degradation of prostaglandins is
      rapid and their significance as circulatory hormones has not been clarified. Yet
      it is clear that prostaglandins have important physiological activity and it is
      possible that the effects of prostaglandins are mediated by paracrine or
      autocrine mechanisms. In order to classify prostaglandins as hormones, it is
      necessary to clarify their biological activities, to identify a specific and
      saturable receptor, and to determine a second messenger. This paper discusses the
      extent to which prostaglandins conform to our present concept of hormones. The
      existence of a prostaglandin receptor and the role of adenylate cyclase have been
      confirmed using cultured cell clones. The following observations have been made.
      (i) For a series of compounds, potency in competing for (3H)PGE1 binding sites
      correlated with their ability to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity. (ii) There
      was a relationship between rates of binding and change in enzyme activity. (iii)
      The presence or absence of PGE1-sensitive adenylate cyclase corresponded to
      (3H)PGE1 binding capacity. The presence of a prostaglandin receptor has been
      identified in rat liver, bovine thyroid, bovine corpus luteum, frog erythrocyte,
      hamster adipocyte, and human adipocyte.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3863753
TI  - The epidemiology of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Finland and in
      northern Europe.
AB  - The incidence and prevalence of IDDM are high by international standards in all
      Nordic countries, and Finland has the highest incidence and prevalence figures of
      the disease in the world. During the period 1970-1980, the mean annual incidence
      (per 100,000) in 0-14-yr-old children was 28.6 in Finland, 22.7 in Sweden, 17.6
      in Norway, and 14.0 in Denmark. The corresponding prevalence figures were:
      Finland 191, Sweden 148, Iceland 141, Norway 120, and Denmark 83. Thus, on a
      countrywide basis the incidence increased from south to north (and from west to
      east). However, within some of the Nordic countries (Finland, Norway, and Sweden)
      there were regional variations not compatible with the above "latitude rule." As
      in many studies from other countries, the following characteristics were observed
      in the IDDM epidemiology in children and adolescents: a steady rise of incidence
      throughout childhood until puberty, the peak occurring earlier in girls than in
      boys, a male excess in young children and adolescents, a seasonal variation, and
      a secular trend. The possible causes of the high incidence and prevalence are
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 3863754
TI  - Purification and tissue-specific expression of casein kinase from the lactating
      guinea-pig mammary gland.
AB  - A serine-specific casein kinase, an integral membrane protein of the lactating
      guinea-pig mammary gland, has been purified from a Golgi-enriched membrane
      fraction, using a combination of sucrose gradient centrifugation and
      chromatography on ATP-agarose. The enzyme comprises a polypeptide of estimated Mr
      74 000 as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      compared with a monomer Mr of 50 000 as determined by sucrose gradient
      centrifugation in the presence of 500 mM NaCl and 0.1% Triton X-100. Kinetic
      studies show that the purified enzyme exhibits kinetic constants distinctly
      different from the rabbit reticulocyte casein kinases I and II, whilst polyclonal
      antisera raised against the mammary gland enzyme did not cross-react with soluble
      liver or reticulocyte protein kinase activities. Immunoblotting and
      immunocytochemical analyses demonstrate the mammary gland enzyme's apparently
      unique location in lactating mammary gland tissue. Comparative studies with
      polyclonal antisera raised against bovine galactosyltransferase, show that casein
      kinase and galactosyltransferase have a similar intracellular localisation in the
      lactating mammary gland as judged by immunocytochemistry at the light level, but
      that casein kinase was unique to mammary gland whereas galactosyltransferase
      could be found in other tissues. The results extended our earlier observations
      which suggest a Golgi location for casein kinase, and demonstrate that future
      studies using this enzyme may well prove advantageous for the study of
      intracellular mechanisms involved in the biogenesis of organelles, in this
      instance the Golgi apparatus.

PMID- 3863755
TI  - Seventh European Cell Cycle Workshop. Heidelberg, 9-13 September 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3863756
TI  - Proliferation and maturation of human leukemic cells in liquid culture: activity
      of human placenta conditioned medium and retinoic acid.
AB  - Marrow or peripheral blood cells from 28 patients with acute myeloid leukemia
      (AML) or chronic myeloid leukemia in blastic crisis (CML-BC) were studied in both
      liquid and agar cultures. The proliferation and maturation of these cells were
      followed for 15-20 days in liquid culture with or without the addition of human
      placenta conditioned medium (HPCM) and/or retinoic acid (RA). In nine patients
      (group 1), cells underwent both proliferation and maturation, i.e., the
      percentage of peroxidase-positive cells (PO), phagocytic cells, and mature forms
      increased. For the remaining 19 patients (group 2), no proliferation was
      observed. However, 11 of these leukemic cell samples showed maturation (group
      2A), while the eight others remained immature (group 2B). In agar culture, cell
      samples from group 1 showed cluster growth, group 2 no growth. Maturation without
      proliferation was observed for group-1 liquid cultures not containing HPCM and
      those containing HPCM and RA. The viability rapidly decreased in liquid cultures
      with only addition of RA. HPCM and RA showed no effect on group-2 cell cultures.

PMID- 3863759
TI  - [Remineralization].

PMID- 3863757
TI  - Ibuprofen modifies the inflammatory response of the murine lung to Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.
AB  - In chronic P. aeruginosa infection, lung tissue damage is induced by either the
      microorganism or the inflammatory response. We investigated, in an animal model,
      whether a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen, reduced lung
      inflammation produced by P. aeruginosa. Lung lavages, pulmonary clearance of P.
      aeruginosa and lung pathology were studied in CD-1 mice injected with sodium
      ibuprofenate. A single dose of the drug, injected immediately after 30 min
      exposure to the P. aeruginosa aerosol, decreased the recruitment of granulocytes
      into airways in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with 2 doses of the drug 18
      and 6 h before the P. aeruginosa challenge was even more effective. The kinetics
      of changes in prostaglandin E2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2
      concentrations in lung lavage fluids after P. aeruginosa aerosol were also
      modified by ibuprofen. Moreover, ibuprofen treatment did not impair lung
      clearance of the challenge microorganisms, and the animals had less inflammation
      of the lungs.

PMID- 3863758
TI  - Fluoroaluminates activate transducin-GDP by mimicking the gamma-phosphate of GTP
      in its binding site.
AB  - Fluoride activation of the cGMP cascade of vision requires the presence of
      aluminum, and is shown to be mediated by the binding of one A1F-4 to the GDP/GTP
      binding subunit of transducin. The presence of GDP in the site is required: A1F-4
      is ineffective when the site is empty or when GDP beta S is substituted for GDP.
      This sensitivity to the sulfur of GDP beta S suggests that A1F-4 is in contact
      with the GDP. Striking structural similarities between A1F-4 and PO3-4 lead us to
      propose that A1F-4 mimics the role of the gamma-phosphate of GTP.

PMID- 3863760
TI  - [Prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with neurofibroma after repeated
      operations].

PMID- 3863761
TI  - [Possibility of caries prevention by fluoride drops in a Kormend nursery school].

PMID- 3863762
TI  - [Oral hygiene in children with cleft lip and palate].

PMID- 3863763
TI  - [Dental anomalies in the cases of a district dentist. Molars with pyramidal
      roots].

PMID- 3863764
TI  - [Management of juvenile parodontosis].

PMID- 3863765
TI  - [Surgical-oncological aspects of combined radiation and cytostatic therapy of
      malignant tumors in the facial region].

PMID- 3863766
TI  - [Tardive dyskinesia: drug-induced damage, recognizable in dentistry at an early
      stage].

PMID- 3863767
TI  - [Dental anomalies in the cases of a district dentist. 3. Three forms of tooth
      gemination].

PMID- 3863768
TI  - Typhlitis in adults.
AB  - Although described initially in children, typhlitis is an important clinical
      condition that may also occur in adults with hematologic malignancy or, less
      commonly, aplastic anemia. We describe 6 adult patients with typhlitis and review
      the salient features of this condition. In typhlitis, a necrotizing process of
      multifactorial origin involves the right colon alone or the right colon and other
      areas of the intestine as well. Secondary colonization of mucosal ulcers by
      colonic flora commonly leads to septicemia and pyrexia. Typhlitis may be
      associated with a variety of clinical and radiographic findings. However, a high
      index of suspicion and certain constellations of clinical and radiographic
      findings may lead to an accurate presumptive diagnosis of typhlitis, followed by
      the institution of appropriate therapy. Notwithstanding, the short-term prognosis
      for typhlitis remains poor.

PMID- 3863769
TI  - Trophic actions of E2 prostaglandins in the rat gastrointestinal mucosa. A
      quantitative morphologic study.
AB  - Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats in groups of 10 received one of the following
      treatments orally twice daily for 3 wk: prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) 7.5 mg X kg-1,
      15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 (MePGE2) at 0.2 or 2.0 mg X kg-1, or vehicle.
      After 18 h of fasting and 10-12 h after the last dose, the rats were
      anesthetized, and the gastrointestinal tract was fixed and processed for
      macroscopic and microscopic investigations. Trophic changes were more pronounced
      in the gastric antrum than in the gastric corpus or small intestine. The
      thickness of the antral mucosa was significantly increased by PGE2 and in a dose
      related way by MePGE2. The mucosa of the gastric corpus became significantly
      thicker only with the higher dose of MePGE2. In all the prostaglandin-treated
      groups, the proportion of endocrine cells was reduced. Small--but sometimes
      significant--changes were registered in the proportions of the various exocrine
      cells. The parietal cells became significantly larger (+88%) in the rats treated
      with high doses of MePGE2. The secretory surface of the parietal cells was
      markedly increased by PGE2 and MePGE2. The enlargement of the secretory surface
      in animals treated with prostaglandins corresponded to a marked elevation of the
      basal gastric acid secretion and an increase in plasma gastrin levels.
      Hypergastrinemia can explain some, but not all, of the trophic changes observed
      in this study. Light microscopic examination of the duodenal and jejunal mucosa
      showed dose-related increases in villus heights and crypt lengths after treatment
      with MePGE2. Only the duodenal villus heights were increased by PGE2.

PMID- 3863770
TI  - [Avoiding cesarean deliveries by intravenous prostaglandin E2 administration
      (PGE2)].
AB  - The study reported here was prompted by the question whether caesarean deliveries
      which would otherwise be necessary can be avoided by intravenous infusion of
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The authors consider intravenous administration of PGE2
      during delivery to be indicated in cases which fail to respond to therapy after
      three local cervical maturation attempts and in standstills where oxytocin has no
      effect. Out of a total of 5835 women who gave birth at the Obstetrics Department
      of the Berlin-Neukolln Gynecological Clinic between 1980 and 1981, those who had
      been given intravenous infusions of PGE2 were identified and a check was made to
      establish whether this treatment offers any advantages. PGE2 infusion after
      unsuccessful intracervical application of PGE2 gel: Out of 1122 risk patients in
      whom cervical maturation prior to induction of birth appeared desirable, 43
      (3.8%) still had a Bishop Score of less than or equal to 7 after three local
      applications of PGE2 gel. Attempts to achieve a vaginal delivery in spite of
      this, by means of PGE2 infusion, were successful in 60% of the cases. The mean
      rate of PGE2 infusion was 1.1 +/- 0.3 microgram/min. Four women were given
      oxytocin in addition, in an average dose of 9.3 +/- 1.1 mU/min. The average
      duration of labour was 10 hours 30 min. Complications in mother and child
      occurred no more frequently than in other risk births. PGE2 infusion in cases
      with standstill not responding to oxytocin treatment: In 82 parturients (1.4%) a
      standstill occurred during labour after initially normal dilation of the cervix,
      and could not be overcome by administration of oxytocin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3863771
TI  - [Use of high doses of methotrexate in the program treatment of children with
      lymphoblastic leukemia].

PMID- 3863772
TI  - [Use of the O6-Paris-LA-66 program in the treatment of patients with
      lymphoblastic leukemia under 20 years of age].

PMID- 3863773
TI  - [Indicators of immunologic reactivity in patients with lymphoblastic leukemia
      during cytostatic therapy].

PMID- 3863774
TI  - [Prognostic significance of fibrillar formations during blast crisis in
      myelocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3863775
TI  - [Disputable problems of cytochemical identification of acute basophilic and
      promyelocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3863776
TI  - [Urinary spermidine in assessing the effectiveness of chronic leukemia
      treatment].

PMID- 3863777
TI  - The genetic susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: combined
      segregation and linkage analysis.
AB  - We report a combined segregation and linkage analysis of a Danish sample of 216
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) nuclear families: of these 216, twenty
      multiplex families were haplotyped regarding HLA-DR and -B markers. The analysis
      was conducted using the computer program COMBIN, which includes a modifier to
      absorb family resemblance that is additional to the effect of the major locus
      that is assumed linked to a marker locus, eg, within the HLA region. The initial
      analysis could clearly reject a dominant major locus but could not discriminate
      between other models with or without modifier. However, after adding
      supplementary information on population associations between HLA and IDDM
      together with the identity-by-descent (IBD) distribution to the analysis, a final
      model was identified. This invokes an additive major locus, linked to HLA with
      recombination not significantly different from 0, a disease gene frequency of
      0.217, plus a dominant modifier. From this model it can be predicted that about
      0.15% of the general population is at 100% risk of IDDM, about 5% is at
      intermediate risk (approximately 10%), while the remaining population has a risk
      of 0. The model predicts recurrence risks compatible with empirically estimated
      values. Particularly strong, positive haplotype associations were found for the
      DR3,B8, DR3,B18, and DR4,B15 haplotypes, but detailed analyses showed that
      neither these particular haplotypes nor the DR3 and DR4 haplotypes in general
      could entirely explain the HLA-associated susceptibility. The DR2 haplotypes
      showed a strong negative association. The results are discussed in the light of
      available data on the epidemiology of IDDM in order to provide a framework for
      further epidemiological studies.

PMID- 3863778
TI  - A comparison of sib-pair linkage tests for disease susceptibility loci.
AB  - An analytical study is conducted of the properties of statistical tests to detect
      linkage between a disease locus and a very polymorphic marker locus when data on
      sib pairs are available. In most instances the most powerful test is the test
      based on the mean number of marker alleles shared identical by descent by the two
      members of a sib pair, and the most efficient sampling strategy is almost always
      to sample only pairs with both sibs affected. We show it is valid to use the
      information from all possible sib pairs as though they came from separate
      families when data on sibships of size three or larger are available, though more
      power may be obtained if different weights are given to the different sibship
      sizes.

PMID- 3863779
TI  - A multivariate analysis of familial associations of lipoprotein levels in the
      Lipid Research Clinics Collaborative Family Study: I. Familial correlation and
      regression analyses.
AB  - In view of the complex, intraindividual relationships among different lipoprotein
      levels (LDL-C, HDL-C, and VLDL-C), multivariate methods aimed at assessing joint
      familial associations and their possible determinants were performed in the
      white, random sample component of the Collaborative Lipid Research Clinics Family
      Study data (1,336 families with 5,097 subjects). After appropriate
      transformations and covariate adjustments of the data, several kinds of
      correlation and regression analyses were performed, taking into consideration
      variable family size and possible age and clinic differences. The association
      patterns across clinics and age strata were found to be homogeneous for the vast
      majority of comparisons. The results of multivariate analyses (especially the
      significant association of each lipoprotein among biological relatives), the
      persistence of parental levels as the best predictors for the same lipoprotein
      levels among the offspring, and the essentially unchanged partial correlation
      estimates as compared to ordinary correlations suggest strong influence of
      factors specific to each lipoprotein in the familial associations. But the highly
      significant intraindividual correlations and the nonnegligible cross-correlations
      among relatives also suggest the additional presence of common underlying factors
      for the familial associations, especially between HDL-C and VLDL-C and to a
      lesser extent between LDL-C and VLDL-C. The issues stemming from these analyses
      and the directions for further analyses are discussed.

PMID- 3863780
TI  - Complete nucleotide sequence of the Azotobacter vinelandii nitrogenase structural
      gene cluster.
AB  - DNA fragments coding for the structural genes for Azotobacter vinelandii
      nitrogenase have been isolated and sequenced. These genes, nifH, nifD and nifK,
      code for the iron (Fe) protein and the alpha and beta subunits of the molybdenum
      iron (MoFe) protein, respectively. They are arranged in the order:
      promoter:nifH:nifD:nifK. There are 129 nucleotides separating nifH and nifD and
      101 nucleotides separating nifD and nifK. The amino acid (aa) sequences deduced
      from the nucleotide sequences are discussed in relation to the prosthetic group
      binding regions of the nifHDK-encoded polypeptides.

PMID- 3863781
TI  - Recurring bilateral hypopyon in chronic myeloid leukemia in blastic
      transformation. A case report.
AB  - There have been many reports in the literature on keratohypopyon in acute
      leukemia. We report a case of a 40-year-old-man with chronic myeloid leukemia who
      developed bilateral, recurring kerato-hypopyon, the first manifestation of which
      appeared during intrathecal chemotherapeutic treatment just after an episode of
      leukemic meningiosis. There was no involvement of the CNS at the time of the
      relapse of kerato-hypopyon.

PMID- 3863782
TI  - Cervical priming and/or induction by intracervical application of PGE2-gel in
      term patients with preeclampsia and unfavorable cervical states.
AB  - 92 preeclamptic women with unfavorable cervical states were treated with
      intracervical application of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gel for cervical priming
      and/or labor induction. 55 (60%) were delivered after a single PGE2-gel
      application. In 27 (29%) the cervical state was improved after 24 h and labor
      could be induced by oxytocin infusion. Thus, 89% of the women were delivered
      within 48 h after a single PGE2-gel application. In 10 women (11%) a second PGE2
      gel application had to be done before oxytocin infusion. The frequency of
      cesarean sections was low (5%). No case of uterine hypertonus was seen. No
      gastrointestinal side effects were observed. All newborn infants had an apgar
      score at 5 min of more than 7 and were in good condition.

PMID- 3863783
TI  - Follicular atresia in the ovary of two species of quails, Coturnix coromendalica
      and Perdicula argoondah.

PMID- 3863784
TI  - [Clinical aspects of psychosomatic disorders: anorexia nervosa and bulimia].

PMID- 3863785
TI  - New directions for the JCAH?. Interview by Emily Friedman.

PMID- 3863786
TI  - JCAH task force scrutinizes current quality standards for alcohol- and substance
      abuse treatment programs.

PMID- 3863787
TI  - Secondary delayed type hypersensitivity to H-2 subregion-coded alloantigens.
AB  - Secondary type delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice against class I
      alloantigens or non-H-2 alloantigens is characterized by an earlier appearance of
      DTH reactivity after booster immunization compared with the development of DTH
      reactivity after primary immunization. In contrast to the primary and secondary
      DTH against class I or non-H-2 alloantigens, the development of secondary DTH
      against class II alloantigens or a set of alloantigens that includes class II
      alloantigens is not faster than the development of primary DTH. Thus, primary and
      secondary immunization with class II alloantigens prevents secondary type DTH
      reactivity to simultaneously administered class I alloantigens and non-H-2
      alloantigens.

PMID- 3863788
TI  - Quantitative relationship between T3 and the T-cell antigen receptor on a human
      leukaemic line.
AB  - The T-cell antigen receptor complex consists of an idiotypic molecule, Ti, and
      T3. We have investigated the relationship between Ti and T3 on a leukaemic line
      HPB-ALL. This has shown that the two molecules are expressed on the cell surface
      in equal numbers, and that a similar stoichiometric relationship is seen on
      sublines of HPB-ALL selected for diminished expression of Ti. Furthermore, the
      degrees of modulation and rates of resynthesis of Ti and T3 following modulation
      were very similar, regardless of whether anti-Ti or anti-T3 was used to produce
      the modulation. This work strongly suggests that the expression of Ti and T3 are
      under common control.

PMID- 3863789
TI  - Cytochemical markers in normal & malignant lymphoid cells.

PMID- 3863790
TI  - [Changes in the enamel structure of permanent teeth acquired during
      amelogenesis].

PMID- 3863791
TI  - [Physical tolerance of removable dental prostheses after ultrasonic cleaning].

PMID- 3863792
TI  - [Prescription of antibiotics in oro-dental pathology].

PMID- 3863793
TI  - [Significance of tooth mobility in periodontitis and its treatment].

PMID- 3863794
TI  - Renal tolerance of imipenem/cilastatin and other beta-lactam antibiotics in rats.
AB  - Imipenem is inactivated by the renal dehydropeptidase I, which can be inhibited
      by cilastatin. Therefore, both compounds are administered in combination.
      According to the manufacturers, they are not nephrotoxic in rats. 70 female
      Wistar rats (n = 10/test series) were treated over five days at dosage intervals
      of 12 hours with intraperitoneal injections (injection volume: 10 ml/200 g body
      weight) of isotonic 0.9% NaCl, cilastatin (1000 mg/kg/day), imipenem (500 and
      1000 mg/kg/day), cilastatin + imipenem (500 or 1000 mg/kg/day each) and
      cefsulodin (1000 mg/kg/day). The nocturnal excretion of renal tubular cells was
      determined. Furthermore, three rats in each test were treated intraperitoneally
      with 150 mg/kg imipenem or with the combination of imipenem and cilastatin (150
      mg/kg each). Imipenem concentrations were measured over four hours in the blood
      of the tail vein. Commencing on the second day of study, cilastatin, imipenem and
      the combination of both substances induced significant surplus excretion of
      tubular cells compared to the control group. The tubulotoxic effects of imipenem
      and imipenem + cilastatin in combination were dose-dependent. The toxic effects
      of imipenem, imipenem + cilastatin and cefsulodin did not significantly differ.
      Cilastatin prolonged the half-life of imipenem in the blood from 0.4 to 0.9 h and
      increased the AUC of imipenem from 156 to 325 mg/l/h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3863795
TI  - Studies of cefotaxime serum concentrations during surgery under general
      anaesthesia and its passage to the wound fluid after surgery for breast cancer.
AB  - We are reporting on a comparison of serum concentrations of cefotaxime during and
      after surgery and on its passage to the wound fluid after surgery. Five patients
      undergoing mastectomy and dissection of the axillary lymph nodes for breast
      cancer were studied. Serum concentrations were compared after 2 g of cefotaxime
      dissolved in 20 ml of saline had been administered by i.v. bolus injection
      intraoperatively during general anaesthesia and six to eight days postoperatively
      in a conscious state. After intraoperative administration under general
      anaesthesia, cefotaxime serum concentrations were 157.3 mg/l at 15 min, 87.5 mg/l
      at 30 min, 43.08 mg/l at 1 h, 15.54 mg/l at 2 h and 9.56 mg/l at 3 h. In a
      conscious state, cefotaxime serum concentrations were 122.0 mg/l at 15 min, 84.35
      mg/l at 30 min, 47.63 mg/l at 1 h, 18.2 mg/l at 2 h and 9.63 mg/l at 3 h,
      comparable to the time course under general anaesthesia. The half-life of
      cefotaxime was 0.86 h under general anaesthesia and 0.92 h in a conscious state.
      Urinary recovery of cefotaxime (0 to 3 h) under anaesthesia and in a conscious
      state was 53.8% and 56.3%, respectively (as reported previously for a nonsurgical
      state). Samples of wound fluid were taken at the completion of surgery from the
      drain inserted subcutaneously into the wound or by means of a tracheal aspirator
      kit attached to a portable aspirator. Cefotaxime concentrations were determined
      postoperatively on days six to eight, when the wound fluid became no longer
      serous.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3863796
TI  - The use of sugar in foods.
AB  - Although the main reason for the use of sugar is its sweet taste, sugar has many
      other functions in food technology. The most important among these are that added
      sugar in foods acts as a sweetener, preservative, texture modifier, fermentation
      substrate, flavouring and colouring agent, bulking agent. The various methods of
      use of sugar are based on its physical and chemical properties. The replacement
      of sugar by the newly available sweeteners is difficult if the sweetness values
      or physical and chemical properties of the substitutes differ greatly from those
      of sucrose.

PMID- 3863797
TI  - Oral effects of sugars and sweeteners.
AB  - Increasingly, sweeteners are being used in the diets of caries-prone individuals
      to reduce sugar intake. Such substitution deprives the bacteria in the dental
      plaque of the sugars many of them use to produce the acids that cause
      demineralization of tooth tissue and development of the caries lesion. Sweeteners
      are particularly effective replacements for dietary sugars because they also
      stimulate the flow of saliva which can, through several mechanisms, prevent
      demineralization and even bring about remineralization of already demineralized
      enamel, dentine or cementum. More saliva means that more of its nitrogen
      containing substances will reach the dental plaque where they can be degraded by
      plaque bacteria and thus produce base and the alkaline conditions that are
      conducive to a shift from tooth demineralization to tooth remineralization. At
      the same time, the additional saliva brings to the plaque more calcium and
      phosphate ions, the necessary ingredients for the remineralization process. At
      alkaline pH, saliva also provides a source of easily solubilized calcium
      phosphate that, in association with salivary carbohydrate protein, becomes part
      of the dental plaque. Because it is dissolved by acid more easily than is the
      calcium phosphate of the tooth, plaque calcium phosphate acts as a substitute for
      the tooth tissues when periods of acid attack occur following sugar ingestion. It
      is proposed that diagnostic tests be developed that can conveniently determine
      the acid-base and demineralization-remineralization potentials of different
      dental plaques and that these tests be used to determine the extent to which
      sugars in the diets of caries-active individuals be replaced with sweeteners.

PMID- 3863798
TI  - Prediction of the cariogenicity of various foods.
AB  - Because of the complex nature of the interactions between dietary constituents
      and the teeth in the development of dental caries it is inappropriate to try to
      arrive at an absolute determination of whether or not consumption of a food will
      always give rise to the formation of cavities. Prediction of a food's
      cariogenicity can be most usefully regarded as a relative assessment of the
      food's potential, among other foods, to give rise to caries, with other modifying
      factors held constant. Cariogenic potential cannot be assessed in human studies
      for a wide range of foods. However, the most productive experimental approaches
      have employed animal feeding studies, where eating patterns can be strictly
      controlled and human biochemical tests on pH responses to food consumption by
      dental plaque in vivo. Such studies have now produced data on dietary items
      normally consumed in western countries as snacks, sweets, soft drinks as well as
      mealtime items. Data on the relative cariogenic potential of foods are of value
      not only to the dental profession in advising patients on food selection, but
      also to the food industry in relation to product development and marketing and to
      government agencies with the responsibility for health education and marketing
      regulation.

PMID- 3863799
TI  - Standardization in dental photography.
AB  - The main purpose of dental photography is documentation. This means that a
      maximum of information has to be recorded by photographic means under
      reproducible conditions. Only if the conditions are reproducible can photographs
      be regarded as really adequate recording tools. There must be standardization of
      the clinical camera and associated equipment, and the formating and lighting of
      those intra- and extra-oral views which are often used in dental photography. The
      most versatile camera body for dental photography is the 35 mm single-lens-reflex
      camera. The proper lens is a 100 up to 135 mm-macrolens, which allows a
      magnification of 1:1 or better. The proper light source is a rotating side
      mounted flash unit or better, a twin flash with reflectors, each of them mounted
      at one side of the lens. Ring flash can be used in intra-oral photography. Five
      important views are described which portray the intra-oral status: a frontal
      view, two lateral views and occlusal views of the two arches. In addition to
      these views there are six facial views which are often used in dental practice:
      two lateral views; a frontal view; a frontal view with the head tilted back; and
      two fronto-lateral views at angles of 45 degrees to the sagittal plane. By
      standardizing the photographic conditions the photographs produced will be
      comparable to each other, even if successive photographs are taken at long time
      intervals and by different photographers. Only in this way can dental photography
      be used as a valuable aid to documentation.

PMID- 3863800
TI  - Reprints and photocopies as sources of information: how to make the best use of
      them.
AB  - The acquisition of information is a permanent endeavour in professional life. The
      strategies presented here will help dentists to perform this task expediently and
      with the least cost. A model for requesting reprints is suggested. It has evolved
      as a result of the writer's experience both as an author and a solicitor of
      information.

PMID- 3863801
TI  - Changing patterns of oral health and implications for oral health manpower: Part
      I. Report of a Working Group convened jointly by the Federation Dentaire
      Internationale and the World Health Organisation.
AB  - Data on oral health, sugar consumption, fluoride availability and other
      preventive programmes from twenty selected developed and developing countries
      were reviewed to identify the changes in oral health in children and factors
      associated with these changes during the past 20 years. Nine developed
      (industrialized) countries showed apparent substantial reduction (30-50 per cent)
      in the prevalence of dental caries in 5- and 12-year-old children during the past
      decade. The countries are: Australia, Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, New Zealand,
      Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom and the USA. Caries in Thailand and Nigeria and
      other developing countries appears to have increased considerably. The most
      probable reasons for the decrease in dental caries in children in the developed
      countries were considered to be associated with: the widespread exposure to
      fluoridated water and/or fluoride supplements, especially the regular use of
      fluoride toothpaste; the provision of preventive oral health services; the
      increased 'dental awareness' through organized oral health education programmes;
      the ready availability of dental resources. The factor common to all countries
      with a substantial reduction in caries was fluoride, either as fluoridated water
      or toothpaste. Countries with decreased caries but no fluoridated water supplies
      had all experienced a rapid increase in the availability and the use of fluoride
      toothpaste during the past 10 years. The contribution of improved dental health
      programmes, other than those involving fluoride, could not be adequately
      assessed. These changes, which appear to be continuing, have relevance also to
      similar countries which might just be entering the reduction phase, or for which
      that phase may already have begun, though it is as yet unnoticed and unreported.
      They also have relevance to developing countries in indicating how caries and
      perhaps periodontal diseases have been controlled and prevented. It is inevitable
      that in developed countries with reducing dental caries there will be a decreased
      need for dental services and hence a change in the need for dental personnel.
      However, the lack of adequate data in most countries makes prediction of future
      changes in oral health and manpower needs a precarious procedure. The whole
      review indicates the urgent need for regular monitoring of oral health status in
      all countries and for better personnel planning and production in quantity and
      appropriate categories. Part II of this report will deal with a recommended
      process for achieving these urgent needs.

PMID- 3863802
TI  - Guidelines to group practice. Federation Dentaire Internationale. Technical
      Report No. 22.
AB  - This report reviews the types of group practice, the essential financial
      arrangements and the management procedures involved. The advantages and
      disadvantages of group practice to the dentist and the patient are reviewed.

PMID- 3863803
TI  - Guidelines to oral hygiene: toothbrushes, toothbrushing, dentifrices and
      abrasivity. Federation Dentaire Internationale. Technical Report No. 23.
AB  - This report provides a series of statements on toothbrushes, toothbrushing,
      dentifrices and their abrasivity. The use of conventional toothbrushes and
      dentifrices will adequately cleanse the exposed surfaces of the teeth. Neither
      variations in the design of toothbrushes nor the formulation of dentifrices
      confer extra cleaning benefit. For efficient cleaning patient knowledge,
      motivation and dexterity are of overriding importance.

PMID- 3863804
TI  - Hypnotic interventions for pain management.

PMID- 3863805
TI  - Saliva as an indicator of stress.

PMID- 3863806
TI  - Affective disturbance and denial of problems in dental patients with pain.

PMID- 3863807
TI  - Inflammatory characteristics of PAF-acether in the skin of experimental animals
      and man.
AB  - PAF-acether (AGEPC) is released from a range of inflammatory cell types and has
      properties consistent with those of a mediator of inflammation. Intradermal
      injection of PAF-acether in experimental animals causes immediate extravasation
      of plasma protein, accompanied by intravascular accumulation of platelets and
      neutrophils; this is followed by persistent extravascular accumulation of
      neutrophils and mononuclear cells. We have studied the inflammatory
      characteristics of intradermally injected PAF-acether in human skin. An early
      (weal and flare) response is succeeded, in 60% of subjects, by a late-onset area
      of erythema at the site of the resolved weal, reminiscent of the dual response to
      allergen in sensitized individuals. The time course and dose-response
      relationship of the early response was determined and a synergistic interaction
      between PAF-acether and prostaglandin E2 established. The weal response to PAF
      acether was not inhibited by concurrent administration of chlorpheniramine.
      Histopathological examination of serial elliptical biopsies revealed accumulation
      of both neutrophils and mononuclear cells in response to intracutaneous PAF
      acether. We would suggest that PAF-acether is likely to be a mediator of both
      acute and persistent inflammation.

PMID- 3863808
TI  - Effects of long-term extended contact lens wear on the human cornea.
AB  - The effects of long-term extended wear of soft contact lenses on the human cornea
      were determined by examining 27 patients who had worn a high water content
      hydrogel contact lens in 1 eye only for an average of 62 +/- 29 months (mean +/-
      SD). The other eye, which was either emmetropic or amblyopic, acted as a control.
      The lens-wearing eye showed a 14.8% reduction in epithelial oxygen uptake (P less
      than 0.001), a 5.6% reduction in epithelial thickness (P less than 0.05), a 2.3%
      reduction in stromal thickness (P less than 0.05), the induction of epithelial
      microcysts, and a 22.0% increase in endothelial polymegathism (P less than
      0.001). Endothelial cell density was unaffected by extended lens wear. No
      interocular differences in any of these physiological characteristics were found
      in a matched control group of anisometropic and amblyopic subjects who did not
      wear contact lenses. The patients ceased lens wear for up to one month and
      recovery of corneal function was monitored during this period. Epithelial oxygen
      uptake and thickness recovered within 33 days of lens removal. The number of
      microcysts increased over the first 7 days, but decreased thereafter; some
      microcysts were still present 33 days after lens removal. Recovery from stromal
      thinning had not occurred after 33 days following lens removal. There was a
      slight reduction in polymegathism in some patients, but overall this was not
      statistically significant. These findings establish (1) that the extended wear of
      hydrogel lenses induces significant changes in all layers of the cornea; (2) that
      lens wear suppresses aerobic epithelial metabolism, which may compromise the
      epithelial barrier to infection; and (3) that changes to the stroma and
      endothelium are long-lasting. Lens-induced effects on corneal physiology can be
      minimized by fitting lenses that have greater oxygen transmissibility (are
      thinner), are more mobile, more frequently removed, and more regularly replaced.

PMID- 3863809
TI  - Extended-wear soft contact lenses for vision studies in monkeys.
AB  - The authors have designed and produced extended-wear contact lenses for rhesus
      monkeys. High-plus lenses to correct neonatal aphakia as well as lenses dyed
      black for use as occluders to treat amblyopia have been evaluated. Four infant
      monkeys fitted with soft lenses have successfully worn these extended-wear lenses
      almost continuously throughout their first year of life. These experiments
      demonstrate that rhesus monkeys tolerate extended-wear contact lenses well when
      these lenses are correctly designed, comfortably fitted, and their wear carefully
      monitored. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that usable levels of vision can
      be maintained in monocularly aphakic infant monkeys. Since similar methods are
      now used to treat children with monocular cataracts, our animal model using
      extended-wear contact lenses on young monkeys should facilitate new and
      clinically relevant amblyopia experiments.

PMID- 3863811
TI  - Pefloxacin in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
AB  - Forty-three patients admitted to hospital with acute purulent exacerbations of
      chronic bronchitis were treated with 400 mg pefloxacin twice daily for ten days.
      The first 20 patients were given the first dose of the drug as a 60 min
      intravenous infusion. Serum and sputum concentrations of pefloxacin were measured
      microbiologically at intervals on the first treatment day and the sputum was
      cultured before, during, and after the course of pefloxacin. Two patients died
      from unrelated causes during the follow-up and one refused to continue treatment.
      All strains of Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis were eradicated
      at end-of-treatment but eight strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and three of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa were cultured and the sputum remained purulent despite the
      pefloxacin. Peak serum concentrations averaged approximately 4.5 mg/l after the
      infusion and 5 mg/l on oral administration, the corresponding sputum
      concentrations being 3.8 and 4.6 mg/l, respectively. MICs for H. influenzae were
      0.06 mg/l, or less. Mode MICs for the pre- and post-treatment strains of Str.
      pneumoniae were 4 and 16 mg/l, and the corresponding values for Ps. aeruginosa
      were 2 and 16 mg/l. The poor results in pseudomonas and pneumococcal infections
      could largely be explained by the degree of resistance among these organisms.

PMID- 3863810
TI  - Analysis of HLA-DQ molecules with a monoclonal antibody detecting a DQ
      polymorphism absent from DQW1 homozygous cells.
AB  - We have produced a monoclonal antibody detecting an HLA class II determinant
      absent from DR1,2,W6, and W10 (DQW1) homozygous B lymphoblastoid cell lines
      (BLCL). The antibody, SFR16-PI.2, immunoprecipitates molecules with
      electrophoretic mobilities of DQ (DS/DC) molecules from DR7 homozygous cell
      lines. SFR16-PI.2 binds more sets of class II molecules from internally labeled
      DR7 homozygous cell membranes than from externally labeled extracts from the same
      cell line. Depletion of DR molecules from internally-labeled membranes indicates
      that SFR16-PI.2, in addition to reacting with DQ molecules, also reacts with an
      epitope on a biosynthetic intermediate of DR molecules, which is lost on the
      mature DR molecule. SFR16-PI.2-reactive molecules were examined on a DR5
      homozygous cell line, where they could be compared to those isolated by two other
      monoclonal antibodies with DQ specificity, namely IVD12 and Leu-10. All three
      monoclonal antibodies isolated two sets of DQ molecules with varying degrees of
      affinity for one of the molecules. The serological and biochemical data presented
      suggest that SFR16-PI.2 detects the alternate alleles of the locus encoding DQW1.

PMID- 3863812
TI  - Central nervous system and testicular involvement in acute lymphoblastic
      leukaemia.

PMID- 3863813
TI  - Diauxic growth in Azotobacter vinelandii.
AB  - Azotobacter vinelandii exhibited diauxie when grown in a medium containing both
      acetate and glucose as carbon sources. Acetate was used as the primary carbon
      source during the acetate-glucose diauxie. Uptake of acetate was constitutively
      expressed during both diauxic phases of growth. Induction of the glucose uptake
      system was inhibited in the presence of acetate. Acetate was also the preferred
      growth substrate for A. vinelandii grown in a medium containing either fructose,
      maltose, xylitol, or mannitol. The tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates
      citrate, isocitrate, and 2-oxoglutarate inhibited glucose utilization in cells
      grown in glucose medium containing these substrates, and diauxic growth was
      observed under these growth conditions. Temporal expression of isocitrate-lyase,
      ATPase, and nitrogenase was exhibited during acetate-glucose diauxie.

PMID- 3863814
TI  - Structures of sialylated fucosyl polylactosaminoglycans isolated from chronic
      myelogenous leukemia cells.
AB  - Polylactosaminoglycans were isolated from human chronic myelogenous leukemia
      cells and their structures were elucidated. The lactosaminoglycan saccharides
      were isolated by hydrazinolysis and fractionated by QAE-Sephadex. The structures
      of fractionated oligosaccharides were analyzed by fast atom bombardment-mass
      spectrometry and methylation before and after treatment with specific
      exoglycosidases, such as alpha 2----3 specific neuraminidase. Based on these
      experiments, the structures of sialyl polylactosaminoglycans of chronic
      myelogenous leukemia cells were found to contain the following unique structure
      which is absent in normal mature granulocytes: (formula; see text) In addition to
      this, chronic myelogenous leukemia polylactosaminoglycans can be distinguished
      from normal granulocyte polylactosaminoglycans by the following characteristics.
      Leukemic polylactosaminoglycans are (a) shorter, (b) more highly sialylated and
      contain fully sialylated, tetrasialosyl polylactosaminoglycans, (c) are less
      fucosylated at C-3 of N-acetylglucosamine of polylactosaminyl side chains, and
      (d) contain a significant amount of sialyl Lex, NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1---
      4(Fuc alpha 1----3)GlcNAc beta 1----3, structure. These results indicate that
      chronic myelogenous leukemia cells express unique polylactosaminoglycan
      structures which are distinct from normal mature granulocytes.

PMID- 3863815
TI  - Metabolic fate of radiolabeled prostaglandin D2 in a normal human male volunteer.
AB  - 50 microCi of [3H]prostaglandin D2 tracer (100 Ci/mmol) was infused intravenously
      into a normal human male volunteer. 75% of the infused radioactivity was excreted
      into the urine within 5 h. This urine was added to urine obtained from two
      mastocytosis patients with marked overproduction of prostaglandin D2.
      Radiolabeled prostaglandin D2 urinary metabolites were chromatographically
      isolated and purified and subsequently identified by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. 25 metabolites were identified. 23 of these compounds comprising
      37% of the recovered radioactivity had prostaglandin F-ring structures, and only
      two metabolites comprising 2.7% of the recovered radioactivity retained the
      prostaglandin D-ring structure. The single most abundant metabolite identified
      was 9,11-dihydroxy-15-oxo-2,3,18,19-tetranorprost-5-ene-1,20-dioic acid which was
      isolated in a tricyclic form as a result of formation of a lower side chain
      hemiketal followed by lactonization of the terminal carboxyl and the hemiketal
      hydroxyl. Different isomeric forms of several prostaglandin F-ring metabolites
      were identified. An isomer of prostaglandin F2 alpha was also excreted intact
      into the urine as a metabolite of prostaglandin D2. 15 PGF-ring compounds were
      treated with n-butylboronic acid and 13 failed to form a boronate derivative,
      suggesting that the orientation of the hydroxyl group at C-11 in these 13
      metabolites is beta. This study documents that prostaglandin D2 is metabolized to
      prostaglandin F-ring metabolites in vivo in humans. These results also bring into
      question the accuracy of quantifying prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolites as a
      specific index of endogenous prostaglandin F2 alpha biosynthesis, as well as
      quantifying urinary prostaglandin F2 alpha as an accurate index of renal
      production of prostaglandin F2 alpha.

PMID- 3863816
TI  - Comparison of HLA class I gene sequences. Derivation of locus-specific
      oligonucleotide probes specific for HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C genes.
AB  - The major histocompatibility complex in man contains at least 20 class I genes.
      Included within this family are three closely linked loci with 11-47 codominant
      alleles that encode the classical transplantation antigens HLA-A, -B, and -C. The
      study of individual HLA-A, -B, and -C genes is complicated both by the high
      degree of sequence homology among all members of the class I gene family and by
      the high degree of polymorphism exhibited by HLA-A, -B, and -C genes.
      Identification of potential locus-specific regions suitable for use as unique
      probes has been limited by the small number of nucleotide sequences available for
      comparison. In the present study, the nucleotide sequences of two cDNA clones,
      designated HLA-4 and HLA-10, that encode previously unsequenced alleles of HLA-C
      and HLA-A genes, respectively, are compared with those of other class I genes.
      From these intergenic and interallelic comparisons, it was deduced that the
      nucleotide sequence encoding amino acids 291-299 of the transmembrane region
      showed sufficient divergence between loci and similarity between alleles, to be
      suitable for the generation of locus-specific probes. Synthetic oligonucleotides
      were generated and shown to be highly locus-specific in hybridization. These
      probes were used successfully for the quantitation of the relative amounts of
      mRNA transcribed in human liver from HLA-A, -B, and -C genes; they should greatly
      simplify future studies of restriction fragment length polymorphisms of HLA-A, 
      B, and -C alleles as genetic markers of disease susceptibility.

PMID- 3863817
TI  - ADP-ribosylation of transducin by pertussis toxin.
AB  - Transducin, the guanyl nucleotide-binding regulatory protein of retinal rod outer
      segments that couples the photon receptor, rhodopsin, with the light-activated
      cGMP phosphodiesterase, can be resolved into two functional components, T alpha
      and T beta gamma. T alpha (39 kDa), which is [32P]ADP-ribosylated by pertussis
      toxin and [32P]NAD in rod outer segments and in purified transducin, was also
      labeled by the toxin after separation from T beta gamma (36 kDa and approximately
      10 kDa); neither component of T beta gamma was a pertussis toxin substrate.
      Labeling of T alpha was enhanced by T beta gamma and was maximal at approximately
      1:1 molar ratio of T alpha : T beta gamma. Limited proteolysis by trypsin of T
      alpha in the presence of guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) resulted in the
      sequential appearance of proteins of 38 and 32 kDa. The amino terminus of both 38
      and 32-kDa proteins was leucine, whereas that of T alpha could not be identified
      and was assumed to be blocked. The 32-kDa peptide was not a pertussis toxin
      substrate. Labeling of the 38-kDa protein was poor and was not enhanced by T beta
      gamma. Trypsin treatment of [32P]ADP-ribosyl-T alpha produced a labeled 37-38-kDa
      doublet followed by appearance of radioactivity at the dye front. It appears,
      therefore, that, although the 38-kDa protein was poor toxin substrate, it
      contained the ADP-ribosylation site. Without rhodopsin, labeling of T alpha (in
      the presence of T beta gamma) was unaffected by Gpp(NH)p, guanosine 5'-O
      (thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S), GTP, GDP, and guanosine 5'-O-(thiodiphosphate)
      (GDP beta S) but was increased by ATP. When photolyzed rhodopsin and T beta gamma
      were present, Gpp(NH)p and GTP gamma S decreased [32P]ADP-ribosylation by
      pertussis toxin. Thus, pertussis toxin-catalyzed [32P]ADP-ribosylation of T alpha
      was affected by nucleotides, rhodopsin and light in addition to T beta gamma. The
      amino terminus of T alpha, while it does not contain the pertussis toxin ADP
      ribosylation site, appeared critical to its reactivity.

PMID- 3863818
TI  - Pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of transducin. Cysteine 347 is the ADP
      ribose acceptor site.
AB  - Pertussis toxin catalyzes the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD to the guanine
      nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins Gi, Go, and transducin. Based on a partial
      amino acid sequence for a tryptic peptide of ADP-ribosylated transducin,
      asparagine had been characterized as the site of pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP
      ribosylation. Subsequently, cDNA data for the alpha subunit of transducin
      indicated that the putative asparagine residue was, in fact, not present in the
      protein. To determine the amino acid that served as the ADP-ribose acceptor,
      radiolabel from [adenine-U-14C]NAD was incorporated, in the presence of pertussis
      toxin, into the alpha subunit of transducin (0.3 mol/mol). An ADP-ribosylated,
      tryptic peptide was purified and fully sequenced by automated Edman degradation.
      The amino acid sequence, Glu-Asn 343-Leu-Lys-Asp 346-X-Gly 348-Leu-Phe,
      corresponds to the cDNA sequence coding the carboxyl-terminal nonapeptide, Glu
      342-Phe 350, which includes by cDNA sequence cysteine at position 347. Neither
      Asn 343 nor Asp 346 appeared to be modified; residue 347 adhered to the
      sequencing resin. Cysteine, the missing residue, was eluted from the sequencing
      resin with acetic acid along with 76% of the peptide-associated radioactivity,
      half of which, presumably ADP-ribosylcysteine, eluted from an anion exchange
      column between NAD and ADP-ribose; the other half had a retention time
      corresponding to 5'-AMP. We conclude that Cys 347 and not Asn 343 or Asp 346 is
      the site of pertusis toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation in transducin.

PMID- 3863819
TI  - Hepatic transformation of prostaglandin D2 to a new prostanoid, 9 alpha,11 beta
      prostaglandin F2, that inhibits platelet aggregation and constricts blood
      vessels.
AB  - The metabolic transformation of tritium-labeled prostaglandin D2 ([3H]PGD2) was
      investigated in the isolated Tyrode's-perfused rabbit liver. One major product
      was isolated and identified in the perfusate as a new prostanoid. The structure
      of this metabolite was further confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
      and chemical methods to be 9 alpha,11 beta,15-L-trihydroxyprosta-5-cis, 13-trans
      dienoic acid, namely (9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2). This new prostanoid was found to be
      an inhibitor of platelet aggregation and to cause constriction of canine coronary
      artery strips. These results suggested that on passage through the hepatic
      circulation exogenous PGD2 is converted to 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2, the latter
      having a biological profile which differs from that of PGD2 and PGF2 alpha.

PMID- 3863820
TI  - Breast-feeding and fertility.

PMID- 3863821
TI  - Preliminary observations on the return of ovarian function among breast-feeding
      and post-partum non-breast-feeding women in a rural area of Mexico.

PMID- 3863822
TI  - Breast-feeding in Manila, Philippines: preliminary results from a longitudinal
      study.

PMID- 3863823
TI  - Breast-feeding and fertility among Philippine women: trends, mechanisms and
      impact.

PMID- 3863824
TI  - Lactation and birth spacing in highland New Guinea.

PMID- 3863825
TI  - Prolactin and the return of ovulation in breast-feeding women.

PMID- 3863826
TI  - Consequences of breast-feeding for mother and child.

PMID- 3863827
TI  - A study of returning fertility after childbirth and during lactation by
      measurement of urinary oestrogen and pregnanediol excretion and cervical mucus
      production.

PMID- 3863828
TI  - Contraception during lactation: considerations in advising the individual and in
      formulating programme guidelines.

PMID- 3863829
TI  - Risk factors of breast-feeding among Filipino women.

PMID- 3863830
TI  - The hospital environment and infant feeding: results from a five country study.

PMID- 3863831
TI  - Breast-feeding in the Philippines: the role of the health sector.

PMID- 3863832
TI  - Isotachophoresis as a useful tool for monitoring neurological complications of
      acute leukaemia in children.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid proteins from 42 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
      were analysed by isotachophoresis. The isotachopherograms of cerebrospinal fluid
      taken from patients undergoing central nervous system prophylaxis with
      neurological complications showed an increase of several peaks (albumin,
      prealbumin, and an unidentified peak), and changes in the globulin zone, compared
      with those from patients who had completed central nervous system prophylaxis for
      at least six months. The most striking finding was that these alterations were
      not associated with any other biochemical changes in the cerebrospinal fluid, as
      assayed by routine analysis. Isotachophoresis may be useful in the monitoring of
      therapy in children affected with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

PMID- 3863833
TI  - Disk susceptibility of ofloxacin, a new carboxyquinolone.
AB  - Ofloxacin, a fluorinated carboxyquinolone, was tested against 485 clinical
      isolates, and the MICs and disk inhibitory zones were correlated. A critical zone
      of greater than or equal to 19 mm and an MIC of less than or equal to 2
      micrograms/ml indicate susceptibility. An MIC of 4 micrograms/ml and a zone size
      of 16 to 18 mm is intermediate, and an MIC of greater than or equal to 8
      micrograms/ml with a zone size of less than 15 mm indicates resistance.
      Alternatively, organisms inhibited by an MIC of less than or equal to 4
      micrograms/ml with a critical zone diameter of greater than or equal to 15 mm
      could be considered susceptible. By either of these criteria, major errors in
      judging susceptibility or resistance are less than 1%.

PMID- 3863834
TI  - Congress looks at the evidence.

PMID- 3863835
TI  - Use of an X-linked human neutrophil marker to estimate timing of lyonization and
      size of the dividing stem cell pool.
AB  - In families with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), heterozygous
      females have two stable populations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in
      their blood; one normal, the other, deficient in oxygen metabolism. The two types
      of PMN can be distinguished by the ability or lack of ability to reduce nitroblue
      tetrazolium dye. The variation in the percent normal PMN among 11 CGD
      heterozygotes was shown to follow a binomial distribution based on eight
      independent trials and a chance of success of 50%. This is consistent with the
      occurrence of X-chromosome inactivation (lyonization) when eight embryonic
      founder cells for the hematopoietic system are present. Serial determinations of
      the percent normal PMN in individual heterozygotes showed very limited
      variability (standard deviations ranged from 2.0% to 5.2%) most of which could be
      ascribed to experimental error. An estimate of the remaining variation (residual
      variance) was introduced into a well-known formula to calculate the appropriate
      number of pluripotent stem cells necessary to support hematopoiesis and a figure
      exceeding 400 was obtained. Thus, the data indicate that in humans there is a
      highly polyclonal system of hematopoiesis.

PMID- 3863836
TI  - Antimicrobial irrigation of deep pockets to supplement non-surgical periodontal
      therapy. II. Daily irrigation.
AB  - 106 sites with probing pocket depths 7 mm or greater from 14 patients were
      treated with plaque control instruction and 1 episode of root planing. Sites in
      each patient were either irrigated with 2% chlorhexidine or left as non-irrigated
      controls. Irrigation immediately followed root planing and was repeated daily, by
      the patient, for 24 weeks. Clinical measurements were made at 12 and 24 weeks, as
      were gingival washings for determining the number and % of spirochetes. Results
      at 24 weeks demonstrated that bleeding scores decreased from 91% to 9%; the % of
      spirochetes dropped from approximately 9% to less than 1%; probing pocket depths
      decreased from 7.5 to 4.5 mm, and probing attachment levels gained 1.1 to 1.4 mm.
      The chlorhexidine irrigated experimental group and the non-irrigated control
      group did not differ significantly in any of the studied parameters. Thus, daily
      patient-administered chlorhexidine irrigation of deep pockets did not augment the
      effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy.

PMID- 3863837
TI  - Subgingival spirochete and leukocyte counts as indicators of response to therapy.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine whether changes in probing attachment
      levels are related to subgingival spirochete or leukocyte counts in periodontal
      pockets. Following initial clinical recordings and therapy consisting of oral
      hygiene instruction and root debridement, the probing attachment levels of
      proximal sites of 120 single-rooted teeth in 7 patients were measured every 3
      months for 12 months. The measurements of each site were subjected to regression
      analysis, which determined whether the site was deteriorating, improving, or non
      changing. Subgingival washings were taken of 19 deteriorating, 22 improving, and
      127 non-changing sites to determine the number and % of spirochetes and the
      number of leukocytes at each site. Improved probing attachment levels were
      associated with reduced numbers of spirochetes and leukocytes. However, the
      ranges of individual measurements of subgingival washing variables overlapped
      considerably between groups. Spirochete and leukocyte counts related better to
      the 12-month probing depths than to changes in probing attachment levels during
      the preceding 12 months. These findings suggest that none of the tested
      subgingival washing parameters are suitable indicators of changes in attachment
      levels on an individual site basis.

PMID- 3863838
TI  - Gram negative species associated with active destructive periodontal lesions.
AB  - Apical subgingival plaque samples were taken from 19 subjects exhibiting active
      destructive periodontal disease. The predominant cultivable Gram negative species
      from 50 active sites were compared to 69 inactive sites of comparable pocket
      depth and attachment level loss. Active disease sites were chosen which showed a
      significant loss of attachment within a two-month interval. Proportions of Gram
      negative rods were higher in active periodontal disease sites than in inactive
      sites. Species which were found to be significantly elevated only in active sites
      were Bacteroides intermedius, "fusiform" Bacteroides, Actinobacillus
      actinomycetemcomitans and Wolinella recta. Fusobacterium nucleatum,
      Capnocytophaga gingivalis and Eikenella corrodens were found in significantly
      increased proportions in active sites of some subjects and inactive sites of
      others.

PMID- 3863839
TI  - The effect of supragingival plaque control on the subgingival microflora.
AB  - The effect of plaque control on the apical microflora of deep periodontal pockets
      was studied. 8 subjects exhibiting signs of chronic periodontitis were chosen for
      the study, each subject having at least one pocket greater than 6 mm. These
      subjects were placed on a plaque control programme consisting of 3 visits, during
      which oral hygiene instructions were given. On two visits, the teeth of these
      subjects were scaled and polished. Bacteriological samples from the apex of a
      deep pockets from each subject were collected before the commencement of the
      plaque control programme and again at 8 and 16 weeks after the last scale and
      polish. No significant difference in the microbial flora was observed before and
      after plaque control, but marked fluctuation in bacterial composition was noted
      at the 3 samplings. It was concluded that supragingival plaque reduction was not
      sufficient to produce significant changes in the subgingival plaque composition
      of deep periodontal pockets.

PMID- 3863840
TI  - Regeneration of alveolar bone following surgical and non-surgical periodontal
      treatment.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to examine the regeneration of alveolar
      bone following surgical and non-surgical periodontal treatment. A total of 16
      patients who had advanced periodontitis and demonstrated angular bony defects on
      radiographs participated in the study. After the initial examination, they
      received instruction in oral hygiene and had their teeth thoroughly scaled. When
      the individual patient at 2 succeeding appointments had plaque on less than 20%
      of the tooth surfaces, one maxillary and one mandibular quadrant was treated with
      the modified Widman flap procedure while one of the remaining quadrants was
      treated with the reverse bevel flap procedure. The last quadrant was treated with
      root planing under local anesthesia. None of these procedures included bone
      contouring. Following treatment, the patients were recalled every 2 weeks for
      professional tooth cleaning. Radiographs taken 12 months following treatment
      revealed that only minor changes in the bone level had occurred in areas with
      horizontal bone loss following the various treatment modalities. Following the
      modified Widman flap procedure, however, a statistically significant coronal
      regrowth of bone (0.5 mm) had occurred in angular bony defects. The majority of
      the angular bony defects persisted following all 3 treatment modalities.

PMID- 3863841
TI  - Healing after treatment of periodontal intraosseous defects. VI. Factors
      influencing the healing response.
AB  - 84 periodontal intraosseous defects treated with mucoperiosteal replaced flap
      surgery and citric acid root conditioning were used to study the relationships
      between various defect characteristics and the healing response as expressed by
      change of probing attachment level, change of probing bone level and residual
      probing depth. More gains in probing attachment and probing bone levels were
      observed in deep defects than in shallower lesions. Other defect characteristics
      showed weak or no correlations to defect fill. The findings of this study seem to
      indicate that the outcome of treatment of intraosseous defects may be difficult
      to predict based upon evaluation of defect characteristics.

PMID- 3863842
TI  - New attachment-reattachment following reconstructive periodontal surgery.
AB  - The present study was designed to evaluate if the conditions for reformation of a
      connective tissue attachment are less favorable on root surfaces which have lost
      their fibrous attachment because of periodontal disease than on root surfaces
      surgically deprived of their attachment apparatus. In each of 4 Green monkeys, 2
      maxillary and 2 mandibular teeth were selected for experimentation. Periodontal
      breakdown was produced and allowed to progress to the mid-root level around one
      of the experimental teeth in both the maxilla and mandible by placing elastic
      ligatures around the neck of these teeth. 3 months after removal of the
      ligatures, the crown of the teeth was resected and the epithelium and the
      subjacent granulation tissue were removed. Using a diamond bur, circumferential
      defects similar to those obtained by the ligature induced destruction were then
      produced around the remaining 2 experimental teeth following resection of the
      crown. The root cementum on both groups of teeth was removed to the level of the
      reduced bone height. Finally, all roots were submerged to complete coverage by a
      mucosal flap. After 3 months of healing, the animals were sacrificed and the jaws
      removed and placed in fixative. After decalcification, histological sections of
      the experimental roots and their surrounding periodontal tissues were produced.
      No histological differences in the result of healing were discernible between the
      specimens of previously periodontitis-affected roots and roots with surgically
      created defects. New cementum with inserting collagen fibers had formed in the
      apical part of the instrumented surface in both groups of teeth.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3863843
TI  - The microbial morphotypes associated with periodontal health and adult
      periodontitis: composition and distribution.
AB  - Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from 162 sites in 27 adult periodontitis
      patients and 162 sites in 27 healthy patients using a standardized lavage
      technique. The distribution of 10 different microbial morphotypes was determined
      by darkfield microscopy. The lavage technique selectively samples the loosely
      adherent plaque at the base of the periodontal pocket and not the tooth
      associated, adherent plaque. This standardized technique permits quantitative
      comparisons of numerical density of morphotype composition at different sites, in
      addition to qualitative comparisons or relative proportions. There was a
      significant positive association between the numerical density of each morphotype
      within the non-adherent plaque and the number of sites at which the organism was
      detected in both healthy and diseased subjects. A previously undescribed
      darkfield morphotype, has been detected with this method. This morphotype, a
      small motile coccobacillus (S-MO-CB) has been found to be the numerically
      dominant species in both health and disease. This morphotype has been recovered
      in pure culture following passage through a 0.4 mu filter and includes organisms
      of the Wollinella and Campylobacter genus. Non-motile organisms comprised less
      than 1-2% of the sample from healthy and diseased sites. Motile forms, such as
      spirochetes, had a high frequency of detection in healthy individuals. Analysis
      of pooled plaque samples revealed that the prevalence of cocci and fusiforms was
      significantly elevated in patients with healthy periodontium, as compared to
      patients with adult periodontitis. In adult periodontitis patients, the frequency
      of occurrence of medium spirochetes, filaments and small nonmotile rods was
      significantly elevated in pooled plaque. Analysis of individual sites indicated
      that the proportion and numerical density of most morphotypes within the non
      adherent plaque were not significantly different in disease as compared to
      health. Disease is characterized by an increased % of small spirochetes and
      fusiforms at each site. At diseased sites which harbor small spirochetes, the
      numerical density is elevated four-fold, as compared to healthy sites which have
      small spirochetes. The numerical density of other morphotypes is not
      significantly different comparing healthy sites to diseased sites. Thus, the
      increase in the % of small spirochetes in disease in due to a site-localized four
      fold increase in numerical density within the non-adherent plaque.

PMID- 3863844
TI  - Statistical transformations of indices of gingivitis measured non-invasively.
AB  - An index (PMGI) that combines the Massler-Schour (PMA) and Loe-Silness (GI)
      indices for non-invasive scoring of gingivitis was applied in 2 independent
      comparative clinical studies. 4 statistical transformations of the scores of
      individual papillary and marginal units were analyzed: the whole-mouth mean, its
      square root, the proportion of units judged to be inflamed, and its arc sin
      transformation. According to the criteria of how closely the transformations
      produced approximately normal distributions, and of how successful they were in
      detecting treatment differences, the square root transformation performed the
      best.

PMID- 3863845
TI  - A clinical procedure for determining the proficiency of gingivitis examiners.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a clinical procedure for
      determining the proficiency of gingivitis examiners. After 4 examiner trainees
      were instructed by and participated in practice examination sessions with a
      senior examiner, the 5 examiners participated in a 2-group clinical study which
      employed appropriately timed-staggered dental prophylaxes to create a gingivitis
      treatment effect between the 2 groups. The 1st group received dental prophylaxes
      30 days before the 2nd group. 10 days after the 2nd group had received dental
      prophylaxes, both groups were examined independently by all 5 examiners. Baseline
      examinations had been made on all subjects by all 5 examiners independently to
      serve as a covariable in the statistical analyses. During this clinical exercise,
      the examiners did not know at what time prophylaxes had been given nor did they
      have access to the previous examination records. The expected presence of a
      treatment effect, as confirmed by the senior examiner, was found by all of the
      examiner trainees in this exercise. The treatment effect for all examiners was
      statistically significant.

PMID- 3863846
TI  - Effect of age on healing following periodontal therapy.
AB  - The present investigation was performed in order to analyze the effect of age on
      healing of the periodontal tissues following treatment. The patients included in
      the present analysis consisted of 2 different samples. One group of 62 patients
      (sample A) was examined and treated between 1980 and 1982. 13 of these subjects
      were less than 40 years of age, 26 subjects were 40-49 years of age and 23
      subjects were greater than 49 years old. The patients were subjected to
      periodontal surgery using the modified Widman flap procedure. During the active
      phase of treatment and for the subsequent 6 months of healing, all 62 patients
      were subjected to professional tooth cleaning. Instruction in proper oral hygiene
      measures was repeated and scaling was carried out when indicated. Sample B
      consisted of 21 subjects treated for advanced periodontal disease in 1969. Six of
      these patients were between 26 and 29 years of age at the start of treatment and
      15 were at least 60 years old. The criterion for acceptance for the study in 1969
      was that the patient should have lost 50% or more of his/her periodontal tissues.
      Following an initial examination, all patients were subjected to scaling and root
      planing and surgical elimination of pathologically deepened pockets. After the
      termination of active treatment, the patients were placed in a maintenance care
      program which included recall appointments every 3-6 months. Once a year after
      the completion of active treatment, all patients in this sample were examined
      regarding probing depths and clinical attachment levels. The findings from the
      present retrospective analyses failed to demonstrate that the age of patients
      with moderately advanced or advanced forms of periodontal tissue breakdown had an
      influence on the results of periodontal therapy. If anything, the younger
      patients appeared to heal with a higher frequency of shallow pockets and more
      gain of probing attachment than older patients.

PMID- 3863847
TI  - A comparative study of effectiveness in plaque removal by Super Floss and waxed
      dental floss.
AB  - The effectiveness of Super Floss and waxed dental floss as proximal surface
      cleansing agents was compared in 34 subjects. Each subject used 1 agent twice
      daily for 2 weeks followed by the other agent used with the same frequency and
      for the same period. The order in which the agents were used was selected at
      random. Plaque was stained by erythrosin, and a plaque index of Wolffe used.
      Super Floss was found to be superior to waxed dental floss in removing proximal
      plaque, but neither was 100% effective. Some plaque was present in 49.9% of the
      proximal surfaces when Super Floss had been used and on 54.7% when the waxed
      dental floss had been used. Both agents cleaned distal surfaces better than
      mesial surfaces, proximal surfaces of anterior teeth more effectively than those
      of posterior teeth, the coronal half of the proximal surfaces better than the
      apical half and the facial half more efficiently than the lingual half. No
      differences were found between maxillary teeth and mandibular teeth. Subjects
      used more lengths of Super Floss than of waxed dental floss, indicating its
      relative 'brittleness'. However, the majority of subjects preferred Super Floss,
      mainly because it was thicker and felt more abrasive.

PMID- 3863848
TI  - Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction related to isotretinoin therapy.

PMID- 3863849
TI  - Psychosocial characteristics of adolescents who refuse cancer treatment.

PMID- 3863850
TI  - Ethical problems in dental practice.

PMID- 3863851
TI  - Frustration and values.

PMID- 3863852
TI  - The candid views of Burt Press, an interview with the former President of the
      American Dental Association by the editor, Keith P. Blair.

PMID- 3863854
TI  - Copayment coordination.

PMID- 3863853
TI  - The identification of anorexia nervosa and bulimia on student health forms.

PMID- 3863855
TI  - Evaluation of an alphaprodine-hydroxyzine combination as a sedative agent in the
      treatment of the pediatric dental patient.
AB  - This investigation proposed and evaluated a submucosally administered standard
      dose drug combination containing .6 mgm/kgm alphaprodine hydrochloride and .3
      mgm/kgm hydroxyzine hydrochloride, in conjunction with nitrous oxide, oxygen, and
      lidocaine with epinephrine, in the sedation and treatment of uncooperative
      pediatric dental patients. Observations from this study include: The technique
      was successful in attaining a desirable, conscious sedation level that was
      characterized by rapid onset, maintenance throughout treatment, and rapid
      reversibility with naloxone and 100% oxygen. The protective airway reflexes
      remained intact during the procedures. Vital signs remained fairly constant
      throughout the treatment. Respiratory rate was slightly depressed during the
      sedation, but hemoglobin oxygen saturation levels remained constant. There were
      no incidences of respiratory depression, hypoxia, or apnea either during or after
      treatment, and no emergency medical or resuscitative efforts were necessary.
      Twenty-four hours after the appointment, few patients complained of the
      experience and more than half stated that they looked forward to returning. In
      view of these findings, the techniques and drug combination described in this
      investigation appear to provide a safe and effective means for the sedation and
      treatment of uncooperative pediatric dental patients. It should be emphasized,
      however, that the dentist using these methods should have a thorough knowledge of
      the agents involved, the ability to monitor patients and recognize possible
      adverse reactions, and the capacity to respond to any emergency situations should
      they arise. Consequently, only practitioners who have had extensive training and
      experience in all forms of anesthesia, especially pediatric anesthesia, should
      consider the use of these agents in their practices. It should be emphasized
      further that the agents and techniques should be used only for conscious
      sedation, the light level of sedation during which the patient retains the
      ability present before sedation to independently maintain an airway and respond
      appropriately to verbal command, and not for any deeper forms of anesthesia.

PMID- 3863856
TI  - Psychophysiological responses to dental injections.
AB  - Dentists frequently change local anesthetic formulations on the basis of a
      patient's experience of adverse effects. Frequently, less effective anesthetics
      are selected because a lack of understanding exists regarding the nature of
      untoward events. This may exacerbate the problem. Allergic reactions are
      overreported, whereas fear responses frequently are unrecognized. This article
      outlines the clinical problem of adverse reactions to local anesthetics in dental
      practice. Clinical recommendations based on proper diagnosis are provided to
      prevent recurrence of the problem.

PMID- 3863857
TI  - Tooth root growth impairment after mantle radiation in long-term survivors of
      Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - The tooth root growth impairment that resulted from 35 to 37 Gy mantle port
      radiation in 47 long-term survivors of childhood Hodgkin's disease was quantified
      and related to specific age groups and categories of teeth. Root measurements of
      the mandibular permanent canines, first and second premolars, and first and
      second molars were made from sequential panoramic radiographs taken at the time
      of radiation therapy and after the closure of root apexes. The severity of root
      growth impairment was greatest in patients who received radiation during the
      early stages of odontogenesis. With later stages of odontogenesis, and as the age
      increased at the time of treatment, less impairment occurred. The potential
      difficulties of using repeated panoramic radiographs to assess tooth lengths in
      longitudinal studies also were discussed.

PMID- 3863858
TI  - Fetal alcohol syndrome: review of literature and report of cases.

PMID- 3863859
TI  - Interim obturation of palatal perforations to facilitate routine dental care.
AB  - Routine preventive or restorative dental procedures (or both) may be compromised,
      deferred, or even denied to patients with exceptional problems that complicate
      treatment. Perforations of the hard palate require temporary obturation while the
      patient receives routine dental care such as prophylaxis, periodontic treatment,
      restorative dentistry, and repair or modification of an existing prosthesis.
      Temporary obturation, using an adhesive peristomal covering has been a helpful
      adjunct to prevent the dehydrating of a patient's nasal tissues, to facilitate
      the patient's speech and deglutition, and to maintain the patient's psychological
      well-being while the prosthesis is out of the mouth. An effective, comfortable,
      and economical method of interim obturation has been described.

PMID- 3863860
TI  - A new, patient-administered medical history developed for dentistry.

PMID- 3863861
TI  - Local versus general anesthesia: a study of pulpal response in the treatment of
      cariously exposed teeth.

PMID- 3863862
TI  - Predicting levels of preventive dental behaviors.
AB  - This study examined the value of SLT as a model for predicting levels of dental
      hygiene behaviors. The brushing and flossing frequency of 131 adults was measured
      both retrospectively (via questionnaire) and prospectively (via self-monitoring
      records). Two types of SLT variables--expectations and environmental influences-
      were reliably related to dental hygiene behaviors. Such variables (for example,
      self-efficacy expectations and the dental behaviors of significant others)
      accounted for up to 38% of the variance in brushing frequency and 33% of the
      variance in flossing frequency. Overall, a SLT model appears to hold promise for
      identifying psychosocial variables that are related to dental hygiene behaviors.
      The findings suggest that educational programs intended to increase the frequency
      of such behaviors should focus on increasing self-efficacy, reducing structural
      and life-style barriers to adherence, and involving significant others in
      educational efforts.

PMID- 3863863
TI  - A special technique to retrieve images from a dark cephalogram.
AB  - A high-density, unreadable cephalogram was made readable by duplicating it at 7
      to 10 times the usual ultraviolet light exposure. Soft tissue images were
      retrieved from a readable cephalogram of normal density by duplicating it at 12
      to 20 times the usual ultraviolet light exposure. However, the hard tissue images
      disappeared in the duplicating process. A correctly made duplicate radiograph had
      a higher image resolution than the image resolution of the original corresponding
      high-density radiograph. The difference was not significant clinically.

PMID- 3863864
TI  - Diffuse mandibular enlargement.
AB  - Paget's disease of the jaw has the following characteristics: slow progression of
      jaw enlargement; bilateral jaw involvement; often polyostotic, but not
      generalized skeletal disease; diffuse, irregular radiopaque areas of the jaw;
      elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level; and a biopsy specimen showing thick,
      irregular bone trabeculae with a mosaic pattern of reversal lines and numerous
      osteoblasts and osteoclasts in a fibrovascular stroma. Management of a patient
      with Paget's disease of bone usually is carried out by treating the symptoms of
      the disease as they arise. Bone can be removed for esthetic reasons when needed.

PMID- 3863865
TI  - Studies on serum CA125 levels in pregnant women.
AB  - To confirm the change in serum CA 125 levels in cases of pregnancy, we measured
      serum CA 125 levels in 234 normal pregnant women, 40 postpartum women and 14
      abnormal pregnant women (12 of IUFD and 2 of H. mole), using an RIA kit. The mean
      CA 125 level (+/- S.D.) and positive ratio (greater than 34U/ml) for pregnant
      women at 4-11 weeks of gestation were 65.0 +/- 77.3 U/ml and 64.6%, respectively,
      being the highest values in all the groups. On the contrary, those for pregnant
      women at 12-23 weeks of gestation were 22.3 +/- 10.6 U/ml and 12.7%,
      respectively, the lowest in all gestational groups. Changes in serum CA 125
      levels in normal pregnant women showed a trend toward decrease, as gestation
      advanced. But the CA 125 levels for women at postpartum showed a slight trend
      toward increase. The mean CA 125 level (+/- S.D.) for 12 patients with IUFD was
      392.5 +/- 275.8 U/ml and that for 2 patients with H. mole was 65.0 +/- 15.0 U/ml.
      Serum CA 125 levels for patients with IUFD were higher than that in cases of
      normal pregnancy. When utilizing CA 125 as a marker for ovarian cancer, the
      influence of pregnancy must be considered. And it indicates that CA 125 can be
      used as an aid to the diagnosis of IUFD in serous cases.

PMID- 3863866
TI  - [Tumor prosthesis for limb salvage in malignant bone tumor of the extremities].

PMID- 3863868
TI  - [Effect of intraoral surgical trauma on the catecholamine depletion rate in the
      brain and adrenal medulla in rats].

PMID- 3863867
TI  - [Glycogen storage disease associated with glycogen deposition in skeletal and
      heart muscles with low muscle phosphorylase activity].

PMID- 3863869
TI  - The growth characteristics of multilocular ameloblastomas. A histological
      investigation with some inferences with regard to operative procedures.
AB  - The growth characteristics of multilocular ameloblastomas and the reaction of the
      surrounding tissues were studied by means of a histological examination of 31
      surgical specimens. Infiltration of spongy bone was observed frequently whereas
      there was little tendency to invade cortical bone. The periosteum largely
      prevented extension of the tumour. However, in the region of the mucosa overlying
      the alveolar process apparent encapsulation was absent. There were indications
      that the infiltrative growth pattern exhibited by an ameloblastoma within spongy
      bone was due to secondary enclosure of tumour tissue by remodelled bone.

PMID- 3863870
TI  - Recurrence of carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx and maxillary sinus after
      radical neck dissection.
AB  - Cervical recurrence was studied in 63 patients who had undergone radical neck
      dissection for the treatment of carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx and
      maxillary sinus. Over the whole series, recurrence occurred in 17 patients (27%).
      The rate of recurrence did not decrease in patients who remained free of
      carcinoma at the primary site, but was significantly lower in patients in whom
      elective neck dissection was performed than in those who were treated by
      therapeutic or secondary neck dissection. With the exception of two patients,
      cervical recurrence was associated with the presence of metastatic lymph nodes.
      Although the rate of recurrence was not affected by the number of metastatic
      lymph nodes, it was very high (80%) in patients having metastatic lymph nodes
      with histological evidence of extra-nodal spread. The results indicate that
      elective treatment by irradiation or surgery may be needed to reduce cervical
      recurrence because of a high tendency of carcinoma of the oral cavity and
      adjacent regions to metastasize.

PMID- 3863871
TI  - Central odontogenic fibroma. A case report.
AB  - A case of central odontogenic fibroma is reported. The clinical, radiological and
      pathological features are discussed. It is of particular interest because of its
      maxillary location and the severe external root resorption associated with the
      tumour.

PMID- 3863872
TI  - Transconjunctival resection of an orbital dermoid tumour.
AB  - An unusual case of an orbital dermoid tumour containing a well differentiated
      tooth-like structure is documented. A previously unreported surgical approach to
      a maxillofacial dermoid tumour is introduced. Using a conjunctival incision,
      orbital floor exploration was undertaken with excellent visibility and access. A
      large dermoid tumour was removed without the need for an external skin incision.
      The surgical approach and pathology of this unusual lesion are reviewed.

PMID- 3863873
TI  - Periapical response to an apical plug of dentin filings intentionally placed
      after root canal overinstrumentation.

PMID- 3863874
TI  - A radioimmunoassay determination of the concentrations of prostaglandins E2 and
      F2alpha in painful and asymptomatic human dental pulps.

PMID- 3863875
TI  - Endodontic therapy involving fused mandibular second and third molars.

PMID- 3863876
TI  - Mandibular first molars with six root canals.

PMID- 3863877
TI  - Two root canals in a maxillary lateral incisor.

PMID- 3863878
TI  - Membranes replace irradiated blast cells as growth requirement for leukemic blast
      progenitors in suspension culture.
AB  - The blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) may be considered as a
      renewal population, maintained by blast stem cells capable of both self-renewal
      and the generation of progeny with reduced or absent proliferative potential.
      Blast progenitor renewal is manifested in suspension culture by an exponential
      increase in clonogenic cells. This growth requires that two conditions be met:
      first, the cultures must contain growth factors in media conditioned either by
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated mononuclear leukocytes (PHA-LCM), or by cells
      of the continuous bladder carcinoma line HTB9 (HTB9-CM). Second, the cell density
      must be maintained at 10(6) blasts/ml; this may be achieved by adding irradiated
      cells to smaller numbers of intact blasts. We are concerned with the mechanism of
      the feeding function. We present evidence that (a) cell-cell contact is required.
      (b) Blasts are heterogeneous in respect to their capacity to support growth. (c)
      Fractions containing membranes from blast cells will substitute for intact cells
      in promoting the generation of new blast progenitors in culture. (d) This
      membrane function may be specific for AML blasts, since membranes from blasts of
      lymphoblastic leukemia or normal marrow cells were inactive.

PMID- 3863879
TI  - Susceptibility of BALB/c mice carrying various DBA/2 genes to development of
      Friend murine leukemia virus-induced erythroleukemia.
AB  - Using a series of BALB/c mice congenic for various DBA/2 genes, we were able to
      establish that DBA/2 mice carry a gene on chromosome 5, at or near the Rmcfr
      locus, that plays a major role in resistance to early erythroleukemia induced by
      injection of Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) into newborn mice. The fact
      that this gene controls the replication of mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) viruses
      strengthens the case for these viruses playing a crucial role in the development
      of erythroleukemia, since failure to replicate MCF viruses results in resistance
      to early erythroleukemia. The expression of the Rmcfr gene is correlated with the
      constitutive expression of an MCF virus-related envelope glycoprotein that
      apparently blocks the receptor for MCF viruses, preventing their spread. Thus,
      the Rmcfr gene is either a structural gene for this unique protein, which can
      block the receptor for MCF viruses, or is a regulatory gene that controls
      expression of such a structural gene. Although the Rmcfr gene is clearly involved
      in resistance to the early erythroleukemia induced by F-MuLV, it appears to have
      no effect on the late myeloid, lymphoid or erythroid diseases that appear in
      DBA/2 and other strains of mice after injection of F-MuLV, consistent with data
      indicating that replication of MCF viruses is not required for the development of
      these late diseases. Our studies with congenic and backcross mice also indicate
      that, in addition to the Rmcfr gene, other genes of DBA/2 origin may contribute
      to resistance to F-MuLV-induced early erythroleukemia by mechanisms other than
      blocking the replication of MCF viruses.

PMID- 3863880
TI  - Effects of pH on in vitro ovulation of goldfish (Carassius auratus) oocytes.
AB  - The in vitro effects of pH on goldfish (Carassius auratus) ovulation were
      investigated. Final oocyte maturation and follicular detachment were induced in
      vivo in gravid goldfish by HCG injections and elevated holding temperatures.
      Females were biopsied to determine the time of germinal vesicle breakdown and
      when oocytes should be removed for in vitro incubations. Prior to ovulation, the
      ovaries were removed, dissected and mature intrafollicular oocytes were incubated
      in media of varying pH (7.3-8.9). There was a significant increase in ovulation
      as the pH of the incubation increased and this ovulation could be blocked by
      indomethacin. Indomethacin did not inhibit the actual mechanism of oocyte
      expulsion since exogenous PGF2 alpha induced ovulation in indomethacin blocked
      incubates. Increased pH did not increase the ovulatory response observed with
      exogenous PGF2 alpha. The combined results suggest that an increase in incubation
      pH stimulates prostaglandin synthesis that, in turn, stimulates ovulation.

PMID- 3863881
TI  - Studies of cardiac hemodynamics by pulsed Doppler echocardiography.

PMID- 3863882
TI  - Surgical treatment of primary cardiac tumors.

PMID- 3863883
TI  - Surgical management of congenital coronary artery fistula.

PMID- 3863884
TI  - Rapid spectrophotometric method for quantitation of acetaminophen in serum.

PMID- 3863885
TI  - [Changes of serum myoglobin levels in thyroid diseases].

PMID- 3863886
TI  - Study on the middle molecules from uremic serum on phagocytic activity of
      granulocytes.

PMID- 3863887
TI  - [Prophylactic efficacy of lithium in recurrent bipolar affective disorders].

PMID- 3863888
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology of breast tumors.

PMID- 3863889
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease by real-time sonography--a case
      report.

PMID- 3863890
TI  - A case of primary atypical pneumonia complicated with severe thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3863891
TI  - Ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva with pulmonic valve endocarditis:
      unusual pulmonary wedge pulse traces in a case.

PMID- 3863892
TI  - [Marginal leakage using dyes in various temporary cements].

PMID- 3863893
TI  - Neuropathy and myopathy in two patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa.
AB  - Two adolescent patients with eating disorders and severe weight loss presented
      with neuromyopathy. The first was female and had a twenty months' history of
      bulimia nervosa with weight loss and episodic gorging and vomiting. The second
      was male with a two-year history of anorexia nervosa characterised by
      vegetarianism and increasing food restriction. Both had severe wasting and
      asymmetrical weakness of proximal limb muscles. The first patient deteriorated on
      refeeding and became temporarily paralysed. Both had a purpuric rash and
      haematological abnormalities. They made a complete recovery on a mixed diet:
      vitamin supplements were given to the first but not to the second patient.

PMID- 3863894
TI  - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in infants less than one year of age: a cumulative
      experience of the Children's Cancer Study Group.
AB  - A retrospective review of all 115 infants less than 1 year of age with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) entered on a consecutive series of recent Children's
      Cancer Study Group (CCSG) leukemia protocols was undertaken to examine in detail
      the outcome and clinical course of a large group of similarly treated infants. In
      comparison to the 4,392 children older than 1 year, entered on the same studies,
      infants had a significantly (P = .0001) increased incidence of leukocytosis,
      hepatosplenomegaly, meningeal leukemia at presentation, hypogammaglobulinemia,
      and failure to achieve complete remission (CR) status by day 14 of induction
      therapy. In contrast, lymphadenopathy, non-L1 French-American-British (FAB)
      morphology, mediastinal mass, and T cell leukemia were not more frequently
      observed. Ninety percent of these infants successfully completed the induction
      phase of therapy. With a median follow-up of 35 months, life table estimate of
      disease-free survival is only 23% at 4 years. Identical disease-free survival
      rates for infants were observed in each of the individual studies reviewed.
      Excessive toxicity resulting in limitation of therapy delivered was not a
      causative factor for the disappointing outcome of these patients. Rather, early
      disease recurrence, characterized by bone marrow relapse (55%) and CNS (22%)
      relapse, was the major factor responsible for the extremely poor prognosis of
      this patient group. Identical CNS relapse rates were observed in those patients
      who received cranial irradiation as part of CNS prophylaxis (21.8%) and in those
      patients who did not receive cranial radiotherapy (24%). Results of salvage
      therapy for patients who experienced systemic or extramedullary relapse were
      dismal. Debilitating neuropsychologic sequellae, presumably related to CNS
      irradiation, have been observed in 50% of the small number of long-term
      survivors. Infants less than 1 year of age with ALL present with a constellation
      of features which predict a poor outcome and constitute the group of children
      with ALL at greatest risk for treatment failure.

PMID- 3863895
TI  - Heterogeneity in the specific activity and methotrexate sensitivity of
      dihydrofolate reductase from blast cells of acute myelogenous leukemia patients.
AB  - Dihydrofolate reductase activity was found to be highly heterogeneous in terms of
      its specific activity and methotrexate sensitivity in the blast cells of patients
      with acute myelogenous leukemia. None of the patients had previously been treated
      with methotrexate (MTX). The blast cells of four of 12 patients studied contained
      methotrexate-insensitive forms of dihydrofolate reductase, and the blast cells of
      three (distinct from the four mentioned previously) of the 12 had significantly
      higher dihydrofolate reductase activities than the rest. The presence of MTX
      insensitive dihydrofolate reductases and high levels of enzyme activity represent
      intrinsic mechanisms of resistance and may explain the apparent clinical
      resistance of acute myelogenous leukemia to methotrexate.

PMID- 3863896
TI  - Increasing the operative experience of oral and maxillofacial surgeons.

PMID- 3863897
TI  - Clinical assessment of etomidate for outpatient general anesthesia: a preliminary
      evaluation.
AB  - Etomidate, a nonnarcotic, nonbarbiturate hypnotic agent, was assessed in a group
      of 20 patients requiring general anesthesia for outpatient oral surgical
      procedures. Changes in mean blood pressure, heart rate, and transcutaneous oxygen
      tension (PtcO2) were examined following the intravenous administration of
      etomidate for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Clinical
      evidence of pain on injection, myoclonic muscle activity, apnea, nausea, and
      emesis were documented. A postoperative questionnaire evaluated levels of amnesia
      and acceptance of the drug by the patient and surgeon. No significant (P less
      than 0.05) change in PtcO2 occurred during etomidate infusion; however, a
      statistically significant but clinically insignificant change did occur in mean
      blood pressure and heart rate. Although myoclonic muscle activity, pain on
      injection, and nausea and vomiting were documented, the subjective evaluation of
      this agent by patient and surgeon was favorable.

PMID- 3863898
TI  - Melanin pigmentation in a mucoepidermoid tumor of a minor salivary gland.
AB  - A low-grade mucoepidermoid tumor rich in melanin has been reported. According to
      the collective personal experience of the authors and a literature review, such
      lesions are thought to be rare. It is not anticipated that melanocytic
      participation will alter the prognosis; however, only long-term followup and
      reports of any similar lesions of salivary gland will assist in clarifying the
      nature and significance of this lesion.

PMID- 3863899
TI  - Simultaneous occurrence of dermoid and heterotopic intestinal cysts in the floor
      of the mouth of a newborn.
AB  - Congenital cysts of the floor of the mouth are rare. The simultaneous appearance
      in a newborn of two different types of epithelial-lined cysts is reported. It is
      the first such case to be reported in the literature.

PMID- 3863900
TI  - False median cleft.

PMID- 3863901
TI  - Squamous odontogenic tumor related to an unerupted lower canine.
AB  - A new case of squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) is presented. This is the
      seventeenth case of SOT to be reported and the first reported case related to a
      lower unerupted canine. A review of the literature reveals the extreme
      variability of the clinical and radiologic features of this tumor. Conversely,
      the microscopic characteristics of SOT are clearly defined: numerous islands of
      benign squamous epithelium scattered in an apparently mature connective tissue,
      absence of peripheral columnar cells with palisading nuclei, and absence of
      stellate reticulum. Keratin pearl formation, intraepithelial microcyst formation,
      and calcification are present to a variable extent. A circular arrangement of
      fibroblasts and fibrous condensation and/or hyalinization are observed around
      some epithelial islands, suggesting a reaction of the connective tissue to the
      epithelial proliferation. The observation of small epithelial islands near the
      apical surface of the retained tooth supports the theory that the tumor
      originates from Malassez's rests. The treatment of choice seems to be
      conservative, with thorough enucleation, but it should be borne in mind that
      multifocal cases have been described.

PMID- 3863902
TI  - An atypical solitary bone cyst.

PMID- 3863903
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia in a patient receiving nitrous oxide.
AB  - A patient who had malignant hyperthermia that apparently was triggered by nitrous
      oxide anesthesia even though he was premedicated with dantrolene sodium was
      successfully managed on a separate occasion using dantrolene without nitrous
      oxide.

PMID- 3863904
TI  - Median labiomandibular glossotomy for access to the cervical spine.

PMID- 3863905
TI  - Treatment of maxillary deficiency by a Le Fort I downsliding technique.
AB  - The treatment of patients with vertical maxillary deficiency by a Le Fort I
      downsliding technique where the maxilla is moved forward and downward on a
      planned angulated osteotomy cut, is discussed and the results in nine patients
      who were treated using this method are reported.

PMID- 3863907
TI  - Clitorism at presentation of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3863906
TI  - Congenital hypokalemia with hypercalciuria in preterm infants: a
      hyperprostaglandinuric tubular syndrome different from Bartter syndrome.
AB  - A congenital hypokalemic tubular disorder is described with many features
      resembling Bartter syndrome. Additional features include prenatal onset with
      polyhydramnios and premature labor; failure to thrive; episodes of fever,
      vomiting, diarrhea, and renal electrolyte and water wastage; hypercalciuria;
      nephrocalcinosis; and osteopenia. Unlike Bartter syndrome, there is no defect in
      tubular reabsorption of chloride. Urinary levels of prostaglandin E2 and 7 alpha
      hydroxy-5,11-diketotetranorprosta-1,16-dioic acid are selectively elevated,
      indicating marked stimulation of renal and systemic PGE2 production. Chronic
      suppression of PGE2 activity by indomethacin corrects most of the abnormalities,
      and there is an immediate decompensation of the disease on indomethacin
      withdrawal. We conclude that these preterm infants have a distinct variety of
      hypokalemic tubular disorders rather than a variant of Bartter syndrome, because
      renal and systemic hyperprostaglandinism ranks high in the pathogenic chain of
      events, and the suppression of PGE2 hyperactivity is associated with significant
      improvement in the development (and probably in the prognosis) of the affected
      children.

PMID- 3863908
TI  - Evidence for a junctional epithelial attachment to ceramic dental implants. A
      transmission electron microscopic study.
AB  - The interface of the crevicular gingiva with the surface of a dental implant is a
      critical zone representing the potential biological seal which protects the
      underlying bone and soft tissue-supporting mechanisms from destructive extraneous
      substances. Ultrastructural examination of regenerated junctional epithelial
      cells interfacing surgically placed endosteal dental implants, comprised of alpha
      alumina oxide ceramic in single crystalline form, exhibited an external basal
      lamina and linear body located between the external surface epithelial cell and
      the implant. In addition, hemidesmosomes were located at intervals along the
      outer junctional epithelial plasma membrane. The component substructures of the
      basal lamina and the hemidesmosomes were similar to those seen interfacing
      natural teeth. The linear body was an electron-dense structure between the lamina
      densa and the inert biomaterial. This study provides ultrastructural evidence for
      the presence of an attachment complex between gingiva and aluminum oxide implants
      which is analogous to that seen around natural teeth. These data support concept
      that a viable biological seal can develop around endosteal dental implants and
      provide support for satisfactory clinical service.

PMID- 3863909
TI  - The incidence and severity of complications and pain following periodontal
      surgery.
AB  - This study examines the incidence and severity of postoperative complications and
      pain in 304 consecutive periodontal surgical cases. Comparisons were made between
      plastic soft tissue surgery, osseous surgery and pure mucogingival procedures.
      Multivariable analysis was used to ascertain significant associations of numerous
      factors to complications and pain. Postoperative complications were rated as
      moderate or severe in only 5.5% of the cases. Although the total postoperative
      complications were minimal, regression analysis revealed osseous surgery to be
      three times more likely than pure mucogingival surgery to cause complications of
      bleeding, infection, swelling or adverse tissue changes. Minimal or no
      postoperative pain was reported by 51.3% of the patients. Pure mucogingival
      surgery was significantly related to pain and was 3.5 times more likely to cause
      pain than osseous surgery and 6 times more likely than plastic soft tissue
      surgery. The duration of surgery was statistically significant for both
      complications and pain. The overall results of the study indicate the risks of
      undergoing periodontal surgery, in terms of postoperative complications and pain,
      are minimal.

PMID- 3863910
TI  - Clinical and laboratory studies of a family with a high prevalence of juvenile
      periodontitis.
AB  - The form of periodontitis with onset at puberty and affecting predominantly the
      first molars and incisors is called juvenile periodontitis (JP). The disease has
      been the object of intense study because from its analysis may come insights into
      understanding other, more common, forms of periodontitis. We recently had the
      opportunity to study an unusual family in which both parents developed JP in
      their teens. We did clinical examinations, measured leukocyte chemotaxis,
      analyzed the pocket microflora, looked for serum antibodies against a large panel
      of putative periodontal pathogens and correlated the results. The couple had two
      affected and two unaffected children. One of the unaffected children was not
      available for study. Neutrophil chemotaxis was abnormal in both parents and in
      the two affected children, but not in the unaffected child. Actinobacillus
      actinomycetemcomitans accounted for 17.5% of the pocket flora isolated from one
      affected child and 2.5% of that from the unaffected child, but was not detected
      in the remaining family members. Antibodies specific for A.
      actinomycetemcomitans, Hemophilus aphrophilus and Eikenella corrodens were
      present in the serum of both affected children and for Capnocytophaga sputigena
      and C. ochracea in the father, but no antibodies directed against any of the
      species studied were found in the mother and the unaffected child. The
      distribution of disease in this family was more compatible with an X-linked
      dominant than with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The correlations
      among presence or absence of disease, abnormal neutrophil chemotaxis and presence
      of serum antibodies reacting with A. actinomycetemcomitans were
      excellent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3863911
TI  - Phagocytic cells in periodontal defense. Periodontal status of patients with
      chronic granulomatous disease of childhood.
AB  - Both qualitative and quantitative neutrophil abnormalities have been associated
      with severe forms of periodontitis. Defects in chemotaxis, phagocytosis and
      bacterial killing have been reported among both peripheral blood and gingival
      neutrophils harvested from patients with juvenile and rapidly progressive
      periodontitis. Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood (CGD) is a rare,
      inherited disorder associated with the occurrence of severe, life-threatening,
      suppurative infections of skin, liver, lymph nodes and other organs. Neutrophils
      and monocytes from individuals with CGD lack enzymes necessary for the production
      of oxygen reduction/products such as H2O2 and superoxide anion, and therefore are
      unable to kill many species of bacteria and fungi. However, no detailed study of
      the periodontium of these patients has been undertaken. Accordingly, five
      patients whose ages ranged from 17 to 32 years were included in this study. An
      additional (sixth) patient was included based on complete dental records.
      Neutrophils from all patients demonstrated defective O2 metabolism, and all
      patients had histories of chronic recurrent abscesses consistent with CGD. All
      patients were receiving antibiotic prophylaxis. Several patients had ulcerative
      lesions of the oral cavity of unknown etiology. Examination of the periodontium
      revealed that three patients had gingivitis, one had localized early
      periodontitis, and one had generalized early-to-moderate periodontitis. The
      severity of periodontal disease was consistent with patient age and local
      etiologic factors. No patients had evidence of juvenile, severe or rapidly
      progressing disease in spite of their leukocyte defects. These findings suggest
      the following possibilities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3863912
TI  - The presence of bacteria within the oral epithelium in periodontal disease. I. A
      scanning and transmission electron microscopic study.
AB  - The presence of bacteria within the gingival oral epithelium and adjacent
      connective tissue in cases of periodontitis and localized juvenile periodontitis
      have been described using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The
      following bacterial morphotypes were identified: cocci, short rods, filaments and
      few spirochetes in periodontitis and mainly coccobacillary-shaped bacteria in
      localized juvenile periodontitis. Also Mycoplasma-like structures were identified
      in the localized juvenile periodontitis cases. Tunnel-like formations at
      different depths of the oral epithelium contained higher numbers of bacteria than
      those seen on the adjacent oral surface. Identification of specific bacteria in
      the oral epithelium may have important pathogenic and therapeutic implications.

PMID- 3863913
TI  - Surgical removal of the fully impacted mandibular third molar. The influence of
      flap design and alveolar bone height on the periodontal status of the second
      molar.
AB  - This study was carried out because a great deal of uncertainty exists as to he
      effect of the surgical removal of the fully impacted third molar on the
      periodontal status of the second molar. The objectives were to determine the
      effect of surgical removal of the third molar on the periodontal status of the
      second molar; the influence of flap design on these results; the influence of the
      initial height of the alveolar bone on the distal of the second molar on
      subsequent changes in attachment level. The study included 30 patients with
      bilateral mandibular impactions. A split-mouth experimental design was used, with
      one side of the mandible being randomly allocated to one of two flap design
      groups. Plaque level, gingival inflammation, probing depth and attachment level
      measurements around the second molar were taken at baseline and then at monthly
      intervals for a period of 6 months. Alveolar bone height was measured from
      panoramic radiographs. Six months postsurgically, both flap design groups
      exhibited a statistically significant loss of attachment level on the distal
      surface of the second molar with no difference between the two flap groups. The
      initial height of the alveolar bone on the distal of the second molar had no
      influence on the loss of attachment. It was concluded that the surgical removal
      of the fully impacted mandibular third molar led to the loss of attachment on the
      distal of the second molar; flap design had no influence on the degree of
      attachment loss; the initial height of the alveolar bone on the distal of the
      second molar had no influence on the loss of attachment.

PMID- 3863914
TI  - Practice styles in periodontics. II.
AB  - In 1980 the American Academy of Periodontology published the results of its first
      major survey of practice characteristics in the Journal of Periodontology. That
      first study arose from membership concerns about the lack of knowledge about
      career patterns of periodontists and, more specifically, about employment
      opportunities for graduating periodontists. Three years later, the Committee on
      Practice Styles and Opportunities in Periodontics was appointed to replicate the
      earlier study in order to provide information on recent changes in the practice
      of periodontics. This decision is commendable since few dental specialty
      organizations collect data from their membership which can be systematically
      compared to data from an earlier study. The Academy's Committee contacted David
      O. Born, PhD, a dental manpower specialist at the University of Minnesota and a
      technical advisor on the earlier study, for assistance in conducting a
      replication in 1984. Based on feedback on the first survey and on comments and
      suggestions from committee members, a revised questionnaire was developed. This
      questionnaire was, for the most part, a replication of the earlier survey
      instrument, although several problematic items were deleted or modified and new
      items, reflecting more recent concerns, were added. The revised questionnaire was
      distributed in the Spring of 1984 through two mailings to 2937 Active members and
      798 Affiliate members. After unusable and undeliverable questionnaires were
      deleted from the returns, an effective response rate of 55% (N = 2082) was
      obtained. This report is based on the information supplied by those 2082 members.
      In the tables and text which follow, the figures reported at the national level
      refer to "Private practice" periodontists responding to the survey; Academy
      members who are a part of the Federal services (e.g., Military, Veterans'
      Administration, Indian Health Service, etc.) are tabulated separately as
      "District 8" data. While several members from foreign countries responded to the
      survey, their data have not been included since the information was too dispersed
      to permit conclusions to be drawn.

PMID- 3863915
TI  - Effects of citric acid treatment on autogenous free graft coverage of localized
      recession.
AB  - Citric acid root conditioning prior to free gingival autograft (FGA) coverage of
      denuded roots may increase the likelihood of reattachment, but controlled studies
      to determine the value of the procedure have not been done on human subjects.
      This investigation was done to compare the effects of FGA root coverage with and
      without citric acid pretreatment. Nineteen patients with 30 affected teeth
      participated in the study. Fifteen teeth received FGAs without citric acid
      pretreatment and 15 teeth received FGAs with citric acid pretreatment.
      Measurements of gingival recession and sulcus depth were made preoperatively and
      30, 60 and 90 days following the surgical procedure. Free gingival autografts
      with and without citric acid pretreatment each significantly reduced the amount
      of exposed root, but no differences between groups were found. Except for the 90
      day single tooth control group, mean sulcus depths were significantly decreased
      at 30, 60 and 90 days, but there were no differences noted between single tooth
      citric acid and control groups or multiple tooth citric acid and control groups.
      Citric acid treatment of affected roots prior to FGA coverage does not appear to
      be justifiable.

PMID- 3863916
TI  - A morphologic study of the mesial root surface of the adolescent maxillary first
      bicuspid.
AB  - Treating periodontitis which involves the mesial concavity of the maxillary first
      bicuspid can be very challenging. Fifty extracted adolescent maxillary first
      bicuspids were sectioned in 2-mm thick sections apical to the cementoenamel
      junction (CEJ). The mesial concavity depth and the cementum and dentin thickness
      were measured in the sections. The single-rooted bicuspids have a concavity 0.35
      mm deep at the CEJ and a concavity 0.59 mm deep 4.7 mm apical to the CEJ. Two
      rooted bicuspids furcate at 7.9 mm and have a concavity 0.44 mm deep at the CEJ
      which increases to 1.08 mm at the 4.7 mm level. Cementum thickness averages from
      0.9 mm at the CEJ to 1.1 mm at the 9.4-mm level. Most bicuspids also have a
      distal concavity which is deepest at the 4.7-mm level. The results imply that any
      attachment loss around the maxillary first bicuspid involves surfaces which are
      most likely concave. These concave surfaces make both plaque removal and various
      periodontal therapeutic procedures difficult.

PMID- 3863917
TI  - Comparative analysis of biopsy specimens from gingiva and alveolar mucosa.
AB  - A total of 834 consecutive biopsy specimens from the gingiva and 448 from the
      alveolar mucosa were examined to see if differences in structure and function are
      reflected in categories and frequency of diagnoses. In both regions,
      inflammatory/reactive hyperplasia accounted for about 85% of the lesions and
      neoplasia for most of the remainder. Pyogenic granuloma was the most common
      lesion in the gingiva (23.6%) and fibrous hyperplasia in the alveolar mucosa
      (23.2%). The ratio of benign to malignant neoplasms was greater in the gingiva
      (10:1) than in the alveolar mucosa (almost 1:1). Benign tumors of the gingiva and
      malignant tumors of the alveolar mucosa occurred more often in males than one
      would expect from their proportion in the survey (keeping in mind that the
      numbers in alveolar mucosa were small). Lesions in these two regions were
      similar, but differed greatly in their frequency and in sex and age distribution.

PMID- 3863918
TI  - Mycosis fungoides with multiple oral mucosal lesions. A case report.
AB  - Mycosis fungoides is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma which in its later stages
      affects extracutaneous sites, including the oral mucosa. A case is presented in a
      69-year-old male in which oral involvement was widespread and rapidly
      progressive. Although gingival involvement, as seen in this patient, is
      relatively rare, it is useful for the periodontist to be aware of the oral
      manifestations of this disease since cutaneous lesions would most likely be
      covered if the patient were to present for consultation on an ambulatory basis.

PMID- 3863919
TI  - Management of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. A case report.
AB  - Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is a rare disorder of skeletal muscle
      development which is characterized by deforming contractures of the joints, but
      seldom affects the temporomandibular joint. This report reviews the condition and
      reports the findings and periodontal management of a patient referred with
      arthrogryposis multiplex congenita which required treatment for severe dilantin
      gingival hyperplasia.

PMID- 3863920
TI  - The inductive properties of human dentin and cementum.
AB  - Studies of the inductive properties of human dentin and cementum have yielded
      differing results. Comparisons are difficult to draw because of variations in
      time, donor tissue, host immunologic status, implant site, decalcifying agents
      and degree of decalcification. Analysis of the many experiments intimates that
      the answers may lie in the use of citric acid and/or the degree of
      decalcification. The direction of future investigations is suggested.

PMID- 3863921
TI  - Identification of major urinary metabolites of ACNU, 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5
      pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso urea hydrochloride in rats.
AB  - Metabolites of 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-
      nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) in rat urine were investigated. After
      intravenous administration of 14C-ACNU into rats, four major radioactive
      metabolites and two minor ones were detected in the urine by two-dimensional thin
      layer chromatographic analysis. The main metabolite was identified to be an
      imidazolidinone compound, 1-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-5-hydroxy-2
      imidazolidinone (M-D). One of the other major metabolites was identified to be a
      nitrosated compound of the main metabolite i.e., 1-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5
      pyrimidinyl)methyl]- 5-hydroxy-3-nitroso-2-imidazolidinone (M-C). These were new
      types of metabolites which have not been reported in the metabolic study of other
      chloroethylnitrosourea derivatives. Compared with authentic compounds, two
      metabolites were identified to be a denitrosated derivative of ACNU i.e., 1-[(4
      amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-3-(2-chloroethyl)urea (M-B), and a cyclized
      pyrimidopyrimidine compound which lacks the ethylene moiety of ACNU, i.e., 3,4
      dihydro-7-methylpyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2-(1H)-one (M-A). The two minor
      metabolites were supposed to be compounds derived from M-A. Discussions were made
      on mechanism of formation of these metabolites in vivo.

PMID- 3863922
TI  - In vitro metabolism of ACNU, 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2
      chloroethyl)-1-nitroso urea hydrochloride, a water-soluble antitumor nitrosourea.
AB  - In vitro decomposition of ACNU, 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2
      chloroethyl)-1-nitros ourea hydrochloride, in various conditions was studied with
      the use of the 14C-labeled compound. Metabolite A, 3,4-dihydro-7
      methylpyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one (an intramolecular cyclized product),
      was formed spontaneously in the phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) with simultaneous
      liberation of the alkylating moiety. With rat liver enzyme preparations,
      formation of three metabolites was observed. Those were metabolite B, 1-[(4-amino
      2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-3-(2-chloroethyl)urea (a denitrosated product),
      metabolite C, 1-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl]-5-hydroxy-3-nitroso-2
      imidazolidinone (a product via oxidative dechlorination), and metabolite D, 1-[(4
      amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-5-hydroxy-2-imidazolidinone (a denitrosated
      product of metabolite C). Formation of metabolite B was catalyzed with both
      cytosolic and microsomal enzymes, not inhibited with SKF-525A, and partly
      dependent on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). These results
      suggest that at least two enzymatic steps would be involved in the formation of
      this product. Metabolites C and D were produced by the microsomal preparation,
      being dependent on O2 and NADPH, inhibited by CO and SKF-525A, and enhanced by
      phenobarbital pretreatment. When metabolite C was incubated with cytosolic and
      microsomal preparations, more efficient formation of metabolite D with the former
      than the latter was observed. From these results, it was assumed that oxidative
      dechlorination of ACNU to metabolite C would be catalyzed with the microsomal
      mixed function oxidase, and metabolite D would be produced via denitrosation
      process of metabolite C.

PMID- 3863923
TI  - Strength and creep of dental amalgam: the effects of deviation from recommended
      preparation procedure.
AB  - The effects of deviations from recommended preparation procedures on the
      compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, plastic deformation, toughness, and
      creep of four commercial amalgam alloys have been investigated. Deviations
      included changes in trituration time, mercury/alloy ratio, and condensation
      pressure. With regard to both compressive strength and creep, there were great
      differences in the susceptibility of different amalgam alloys to variations in
      manipulation. One conventional alloy showed almost no variation in compressive
      strength as a result of the deviations from the recommended preparation
      procedure. This material also showed much greater plastic deformation and
      fracture toughness than the other materials, making it less brittle and probably
      more resistant to bending forces. Dispersalloy exhibited both increased and
      decreased strength as a result of the deviations, while ANA 2000 and Revalloy
      only showed decreased strength. Some of the alterations for ANA 2000 and Revalloy
      resulted in a decrease in strength below an acceptable clinical level. Regarding
      the modulus of elasticity, only the conventional alloys were affected by the
      alterations in the preparation procedure. However, for the plastic deformation,
      the results were reversed; only the high-copper alloys were affected. The
      toughness of the specimens was decreased for all the alloys with the exception of
      one, which was insensitive to changes in the preparation procedure as far as
      compressive strength was concerned. One of the high-copper alloys showed the
      least change in creep relative to deviations in preparation procedures. Lowered
      condensation pressure increased the creep value for all the amalgams; and for the
      conventional alloys a lowered mercury/alloy ratio also resulted in increased
      creep.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3863925
TI  - Effect of repeated firing on fluorescence of porcelain-fused-to-metal porcelains.

PMID- 3863924
TI  - Leakage study of three esthetic veneering materials.

PMID- 3863926
TI  - Surgical stent fabrication for hydroxyapatite augmentation of the edentulous
      ridge.

PMID- 3863927
TI  - Pressure indicators for removable prosthodontics.
AB  - P.I.P. and Coltene pressure spot indicator were tested on the same 30 sets of
      complete maxillary and mandibular dentures and on two maxillary dentures against
      natural dentition. They were tested at delivery for pressure spots, but
      adjustments were not made. They were tested again after 24 hours to visualize and
      compare actual pressure spots. Half the dentures were adjusted according to
      P.I.P. and half according to Coltene pressure spot indicator. The patients were
      recalled after 1 week to determine if they were free from discomfort. The P.I.P.
      showed a greater clinical correlation of predictable to actual pressure spots and
      enabled the investigators to spare more patients from post-delivery discomfort.

PMID- 3863928
TI  - Increased tolerance to complete dentures after surgical modification of mylohyoid
      ridges.
AB  - Of 521 patients referred to a specialist prosthodontic practice for complete
      dentures, 274 were considered as candidates for simple surgery to smooth
      prominent mylohyoid ridges before denture construction. Of these, 183 were thus
      treated. The remaining 91 did not receive surgery because of personal preference,
      underlying medical conditions, or other reasons. The percent who required three
      or more postinsertion visits to achieve comfort with their dentures was 7% for
      those who received surgery, 27% for those who required but did not receive
      surgery, and 17% for those not deemed to require surgery. This suggests that the
      surgical smoothing of prominent mylohyoid ridges may markedly improve patients'
      tolerance of dentures in the short term. However, the potential for confounding
      from extraneous factors in these nonexperimental circumstances must be
      considered.

PMID- 3863929
TI  - Submucosal nodular chondrometaplasia in denture wearers.
AB  - In 39 denture-wearing patients in whom anterior maxillary flabby ridge tissue
      (prosthesis fibroma) was excised, 15.4% contained cartilaginous nodules within
      this tissue. The chondrometaplasia may arise due to mechanical irritation
      activating pluripotential mesenchymal cells; but the possibility that the
      cartilaginous nodules represent remnant embryologic tissue cannot be excluded.

PMID- 3863930
TI  - Oral endoscopy in prosthodontic management of the soft palate defect.
AB  - Telescopic oral endoscopy is an effective aid in the construction and
      modification of a speech aid prosthesis. The method is noninvasive and easy to
      perform, permits the prosthodontist to achieve the goal of functional
      effectiveness in prosthesis construction while keeping the weight and size of the
      pharyngeal extension at a minimum, decreases the number and length of patient
      visits required for modification, and when coupled to a fiberoptic teaching arm
      or a video camera and recording system, it becomes an excellent aid in teaching,
      patient education and orientation, and record keeping.

PMID- 3863931
TI  - Methyl methacrylate stent for prevention of postexcisional recurrent ear keloid.
AB  - Compared with other available treatment modalities that rely on active pressure
      over the excised region, this method of therapy works by confinement of the soft
      tissue to the internal dimensions of the stent. It minimizes the possibility of
      creating excessive force that could cause an unfavorable response such as
      inflammation or necrosis. One advantage of this design is that the stent can be
      used for the treatment of either an helix or earlobe keloid, while the button or
      clip devices cannot be used in the helix because of its wavelike configuration
      (Fig. 15).

PMID- 3863932
TI  - A rodent model for the investigation of dental implants.

PMID- 3863933
TI  - Protrusive positioners.
AB  - Techniques were described for fabricating maxillary and mandibular protrusive
      positioners for treatment of disk-condyle derangements. Treatment time with the
      splints varies from 4 to 12 months depending on the age of the patient, the
      degree of existing symptoms, and patient motivation. At the end of the treatment
      period and after removal of the splints, the patient may have (1) no pain or
      internal derangement, (2) no pain but internal derangement with or without
      reduction, or (3) pain and internal derangement with or without reduction. If
      dental treatment is required, patients in the first two categories can be treated
      at a physiologically acceptable treatment position with existing treatment
      modalities. For patients in the third category, definitive, irreversible
      stabilization should be reevaluated. For these patients a mandibular cast splint
      can be changed to an interim splint by replacing the self-polymerizing resin with
      Isosit (Ivoclar-Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) or heat-processed acrylic resin.

PMID- 3863934
TI  - Comparative radiography of artificially created mandibular condyle defects.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of four radiographic
      techniques in demonstrating the TMJ. Mandibular condyles of a variety of sizes,
      as well as horizontal and vertical angulation, were selected. The location and
      size of the defects also varied. The mandibular condyles, in which 12 defects
      were created, were divided into two groups of six large and six small each. On
      examination of the condyles with the different defects, using each of the four
      radiographic techniques, the defects were localized with silver amalgam and
      reexamined with the radiographic techniques. The visualization of the defects was
      compared using the radiographs.

PMID- 3863935
TI  - Extrinsic trauma: a significant precipitating factor in temporomandibular
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3863936
TI  - In vitro study of the wear characteristics of natural and artificial teeth.

PMID- 3863937
TI  - Drifting, tipping, supraeruption, and segmental alveolar bone growth.
AB  - Drifting, tipping, supraeruption, and segmental alveolar bone growth are the four
      major forms of nonorthodontic intraoral tooth movement. They may occur separately
      but usually occur in combination (Fig. 6). They can occur at any age but tend to
      be most devastating in their effects on the dentition of the young adult and the
      elderly. They may represent nonrestorable occlusal situations if combined and
      present in both arches. Clear diagnosis is therefore essential prior to the
      formulation of a treatment plan.

PMID- 3863938
TI  - Irritation of ocular tissue by irreversible hydrocolloids.
AB  - Two ophthalmic and two dental irreversible hydrocolloid materials were tested on
      rabbit conjunctivae to determine histologically their potential to irritate these
      tissues. Each of the four impression materials elicited nearly the same amount of
      inflammatory response. The differences between the response of the controls and
      the response to Ophthalmic Mold-Eye, Jelset Special Formula, and Kerr Alignate
      Type II were significant. These results indicate that certain dental irreversible
      hydrocolloids may be used for ocular prostheses but that they should be used with
      caution because of the inflammation caused by irreversible hydrocolloids.

PMID- 3863939
TI  - Results of a survey of complete denture procedures taught in American and
      Canadian dental schools: an update.
AB  - Dental educators carry a heavy burden of responsibility. Principles and
      procedures are usually deeply inculcated in students by their teachers, which has
      a wide-spread effect on the future of dentists and patients. Prosthodontic
      treatment of edentulous patients, like any other branch of art and science, is
      not static; but viable, moving, and improving. Constant reevaluation of current
      and future programs should be made by all teachers who are responsible for
      prosthodontic education.

PMID- 3863940
TI  - Curing light-activated composite resins through dentin.

PMID- 3863941
TI  - Postirradiation comparison of photoactivated composite resins.

PMID- 3863942
TI  - Leaf gauge with consecutively numbered leaves.

PMID- 3863943
TI  - The role of the maxillofacial prosthodontist in detection of recurrent head and
      neck cancer.
AB  - Maxillofacial prosthodontists are in a unique position to aid in the detection of
      recurrent and secondary malignancies of the head and neck cancer patient. This is
      related directly to their intimate knowledge of normal and abnormal oral anatomy
      and to the large amount of time they spend with patients during treatment and
      follow-up. I have detected many recurrent and secondary tumors during the few
      years I have been in a relatively low volume maxillofacial prosthetics practice.
      The patient's recall visits to the maxillofacial prosthodontist should be evenly
      spaced between the patient's visits to the head and neck surgeon when possible.
      By earlier detection and immediate referral to the surgeon, there is the
      possibility of a higher long-term cure rate in head and neck cancer patients who
      are receiving maxillofacial prosthetic treatment.

PMID- 3863944
TI  - Mantle irradiation of the major salivary glands.
AB  - Radiation given to the mantle field for treatment of Hodgkin's disease impinges
      on the submandibular and parotid glands at levels that have been both measured
      and calculated to be the complete tumor dose. This dosage is above the level of
      irradiation that has been shown to cause partial or complete loss of salivary
      gland function.

PMID- 3863945
TI  - Aerodynamic assessment of prosthetic speech aids.
AB  - The primary function of a speech aid prosthesis is to provide adequate
      palatopharyngeal function by preventing nasal emission and hypernasality during
      oral speech production and permitting sufficient nasal air escape during nasal
      consonant production. The adequacy of speech aids is often judged subjectively by
      speech-language pathologists and prosthodontists. However, when oral and
      laryngeal function are also affected, additional information may be needed for
      accurate assessment of palatopharyngeal function and optimal prosthetic
      management. In these instances, aerodynamic measurements can provide information
      about palatopharyngeal function and guide fabrication and modification of speech
      aid prostheses to provide adequate palatopharyngeal function for speech.

PMID- 3863946
TI  - A technique for evaluation of centric relation tooth contacts. Part II: Following
      use of an occlusal splint for treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of TMJ dysfunction on the
      recording of centric relation. Centric relation was recorded using an anterior
      occlusal stop and by bimanual manipulation. Changes in occlusal contacts were
      recorded before and after occlusal splint therapy in six subjects with TMJ
      dysfunction. The pantographic reproducibility index and clinical signs and
      symptoms were used to determine the presence or absence of dysfunction. Use of
      the anterior occlusal stop resulted in a more posterior, superior initial tooth
      contact position when compared with bimanual manipulation. Occlusal contact
      positions were less consistent in TMJ dysfunction subjects than in control
      subjects. Initial occlusal contacts changed toward centric relation as the
      dysfunction disappeared. Final occlusal contact was found on the side where
      clinical signs and symptoms occurred. The condyle on the affected side appeared
      to be repositioned posteriorly and superiorly in most instances. Occlusal splint
      therapy was more effective when the splint was adjusted weekly. This study
      indicates the need to eliminate TMJ dysfunction before recording centric relation
      or adjusting the occlusion. Occlusal interferences found with TMJ dysfunction are
      not the same as occlusal interferences found when TMJ dysfunction is absent.
      Abnormal features on pantographic tracings may aid in indicating the presence of
      occlusal interferences. Occlusal adjustment in the presence of TMJ dysfunction
      would result in erroneous occlusal reduction.

PMID- 3863947
TI  - Myofascial pain-dysfunction: subjective signs and symptoms.
AB  - Dental patients were classified by experienced dentists as MPD or non-MPD
      patients. Apart from the symptoms often used as criteria for such a
      classification, there is a broad range of symptoms and patient characteristics
      associated with MPD. Because of procedural and methodologic problems, little is
      known about the strength of these associations. Because reliable knowledge about
      symptoms and characteristics of MPD is needed for MPD etiology and for adequate
      treatment evaluation, the present study tried to establish which subjective signs
      and symptoms differentiate MPD from non-MPD patients. Results of a questionnaire
      show that 10 items classified 86% of the patients correctly. Among them,
      restricted mouth opening and sounds at jaw movement had the highest
      discriminative power. Pain in the jaw area also showed a highly significant
      difference between the patient groups. When patient selection is based on these
      criteria, approximately the same patient groups are obtained by a time-consuming
      dental examination and by a low-cost questionnaire. Results also showed that
      reported oral habits such as chewing on hard or tough objects and lip-tongue
      cheek biting do not differentiate the two groups. Symptoms related to ears and
      eyes discriminate the groups only marginally. Sleep-related symptoms, with
      awakening with stiff or painful jaws as the most important item, differentiate
      patients in a more substantial way. The suggestion from a great number of studies
      that stress and tension are etiologic factors in MPD is not supported by the
      present results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3863948
TI  - Occlusal changes following use of soft occlusal splints.

PMID- 3863949
TI  - Measurement of silent period durations by hand and by commercial device.
AB  - Silent period durations obtained from the masseter muscle in response to taps to
      the chin during a clench were measured by the commercially available MDM device
      and by hand measurement from polygraph tracings. Of the 160 pairs of silent
      periods, 15 were measurable by polygraph but not by MDM, 20 were not measurable
      by polygraph but were measured by MDM, and 125 were measured by both. Of the 125
      silent periods, the MDM gave a shorter reading in 112. Within-subject correlation
      coefficients between the two measurement methods ranged from -0.038 to + 0.95;
      the average (0.75) was significantly different from zero. The among-subject
      correlation coefficient was + 0.26 and was not significant. These data raise
      questions about the reliability and validity of silent period durations measured
      by the MDM device.

PMID- 3863950
TI  - The recovery and significance of nonoral opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in
      dental laboratory pumice.

PMID- 3863951
TI  - Application of prosthodontic techniques in private practice.
AB  - A survey of 150 LSUSD alumni from the 1977 to 1981 classes was conducted. The
      questions dealt with type of practice and complete denture techniques. Results of
      the survey showed significant differences between the prosthodontic techniques
      the students were taught and the ones they used in practice. An analysis of the
      responses was made, and the type of prosthodontic procedures taught and practiced
      as well as the function of the prosthodontic instruction were discussed.

PMID- 3863952
TI  - Evaluation of condylar position from temporomandibular joint radiographs.

PMID- 3863953
TI  - Collagen biosynthesis related to temporomandibular joint clicking in childhood.

PMID- 3863954
TI  - Lipoprotein fractionation by precipitation (a comparison of two methods).

PMID- 3863956
TI  - Two views on the malpractice insurance crisis.

PMID- 3863955
TI  - Human synovial dendritic cells. Direct observation of transition to fibroblasts.
AB  - A subpopulation of human synovial cells develop a stellate morphology during in
      vitro culture. These cells, called stellate cells or dendritic cells, appear
      capable of collagenase production. In other tissues, particularly mouse spleen
      and human peripheral blood, cells with a similar shape express immune region
      associated (Ia) antigens, stimulate a primary mixed leukocyte reaction, and
      present antigen to lymphocytes. To characterize synovial dendritic cells, we
      observed changes in their morphology by time-lapse videomicroscopy. Parallel
      cultures of cells from the same specimens were observed periodically for HLA-DR
      surface antigens by immunofluorescence microscopy. During culture, synovial
      dendritic cells gradually lost their distinct morphologic appearance and became
      indistinguishable from fibroblasts. Moreover, fibroblasts occasionally assumed a
      dendritic morphology. When cells were examined at 24-48 h or later, we could not
      detect HLA-DR antigens on synovial dendritic cells, defined as cells with 4 or
      more stellate, branching projections. Cells with only 1-3 projections often had
      HLA-DR antigens. Because human synovial dendritic cells may lose their
      characteristic morphology upon culture and because they appear to lack Ia
      antigens in the unstimulated state, we suggest that synovial dendritic cells may
      be closely related to fibroblasts.

PMID- 3863957
TI  - Avian antigen.

PMID- 3863958
TI  - Diabetes-related lower extremity amputations in New Jersey, 1979 to 1981.

PMID- 3863959
TI  - Cordless telephone: hazard to hearing.

PMID- 3863960
TI  - Sternoclavicular pyarthrosis.

PMID- 3863961
TI  - Anomalous junction of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system.

PMID- 3863962
TI  - Bullous emphysema and pneumothorax.

PMID- 3863963
TI  - Genomic organization and nucleotide sequence of two distinct histone gene
      clusters from Xenopus laevis. Identification of novel conserved upstream sequence
      elements.
AB  - We have performed a detailed analysis of the genomic organization and the
      nucleotide sequence of two distinct Xenopus laevis histone gene clusters totaling
      approximately 23.5 X 10(3) base-pairs. Each cluster contains at least one copy of
      each of the five histone genes. However, these genes are present in different
      arrangements within each cluster and different H1A, H2A and H2B proteins
      (variants) are encoded by the respective genes of each cluster. Southern blot
      analysis of genomic X. laevis DNA indicates that each cluster is a member of a
      distinct family of tandemly repeated histone gene clusters. A comparative
      analysis of the nucleotide sequences flanking the histone genes within these two
      clusters has revealed the presence of multiple conserved sequence elements that
      are specific for each histone gene class and located at preferred upstream
      positions. Several of these elements correspond to sequences that are known to be
      required for maximal transcription of the corresponding genes. Most of these
      sequence elements have not been identified previously, although we find that many
      of them are present at corresponding locations upstream of histone genes from
      other organisms. We suggest that the conserved upstream sequence elements may
      play an important role in the expression of histone genes in vivo.

PMID- 3863964
TI  - Bilateral peritonsillar abscesses and quinsy tonsillectomy.
AB  - Two patients presented with history, symptoms, and clinical findings suggesting
      unilateral peritonsillar abscesses. At the time of quinsy tonsillectomy, the
      patients were found to have pus present in the contralateral peritonsillar
      spaces. These findings prompted a review of the literature to determine the
      actual frequency of bilateral peritonsillar abscesses and to reassess the
      approach to treatment of patients presenting with peritonsillar
      abscesses.Peritonsillar abscess frequently develops following the onset of acute
      tonsillitis, and it is possible that this process occurs bilaterally with the
      developmental stages of the abscesses being different on each side. Intensive
      antibiotic treatment, incision and drainage of the obvious abscess probably
      suppresses the development of and masks the presence of the abscess on the
      opposite side.Quinsy tonsillectomy has been indicated previously for patients not
      responding to intravenous antibiotic treatment and incision and drainage of their
      peritonsillar abscess. The possibility of a subclinical contralateral
      peritonsillar abscess being present is an additional indication for proceeding
      with a quinsy tonsillectomy, especially in patients who remain febrile after
      apparent satisfactory drainage of the clinically evident abscess.

PMID- 3863965
TI  - An unusual otolaryngological problem--mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
      (Kawasaki's syndrome) case report.
AB  - A case of Kawasaki's syndrome is reported, involving a 12 year old Caucasian male
      who presented with a sore throat, tonsillar hypertrophy, bilateral cervical
      swelling, and fever. A maculopapular rash present was attributed to a reaction to
      methicillin. An initial diagnosis of peritonsillar cellulitis with deep lateral
      neck space cellulitis and abscess was made. Negative surgical exploratory
      findings and subsequent development of specific signs and symptoms prompted the
      diagnosis of Kawasaki's disease. Treatment with salicylates proved effective and
      the patient was discharged home. Kawasaki's disease, a disorder of unknown origin
      with potentially fatal results, is not an uncommon condition. An awareness of
      this entity with its protein manifestations is warranted by the otolaryngologist
      who may well be the first doctor on the scene. Prompt and early treatment with
      salicylates may well decrease morbidity and potential mortality of this enigmatic
      disease.

PMID- 3863967
TI  - Maintaining an effective and efficient dental practice: a formula for success S =
      A17 + C5.

PMID- 3863966
TI  - trans activation of an immediate-early frog virus 3 promoter by a virion protein.
AB  - We investigated the protein and DNA sequence requirements for the expression of
      an immediate-early frog virus 3 (FV3) gene, infected-cell RNA (ICR) 169. We used
      a plasmid containing the 78 nucleotides 5' to the transcription start site of ICR
      169 placed upstream from the coding sequence for the bacterial enzyme
      chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). This construction, when introduced by
      CaPO4-mediated transfection into various eucaryotic cell lines, promoted CAT
      synthesis only if the transfected cells were subsequently infected with FV3. Dot
      blot hybridization of RNA extracted from transfected, FV3-infected cells with a
      radioactive CAT probe showed that the induction of CAT synthesis by FV3 was at
      the level of transcription. When transfected cells were infected with FV3 in the
      presence of cycloheximide, induction of CAT-specific RNA still occurred,
      demonstrating that a virion protein was responsible for the trans activation. FV3
      induced CAT synthesis was inhibited by alpha-amanitin in wild-type Chinese
      hamster ovary (CHO) cells but not in CHO cells with an alpha-amanitin-resistant
      RNA polymerase II. The results suggest that a virion protein alters either the
      DNA template or the host polymerase to allow transcription from immediate-early
      FV3 promoters.

PMID- 3863968
TI  - [Clinical significance of the determination of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in
      patients with carcinoma of the stomach and colorectum].
AB  - Serum CA 19-9 levels were measured in 68 gastric cancer patients and 38 cases of
      colorectal cancer. In patients with stage I-III gastric cancer or Duckes A-C
      colorectal cancer, the CA 19-9 levels ranged from normal to 127 U/ml, whereas in
      more advanced cases it was very high. Classified by the mode of recurrence, the
      highest level of CA 19-9 was observed in liver metastasis. After removal of the
      main tumor, the CA 19-9 level declined rapidly, increasing with recurrence. Serum
      CA 19-9 determination in cases of gastric or colorectal cancer was useful to
      classify the stage of disease, developing a prognosis and identifying a
      recurrence.

PMID- 3863969
TI  - [Acute childhood leukemia: treatment results in children's cancer and leukemia
      group studies 1972-1981].
AB  - Controlled clinical trials of therapy for childhood acute leukemia are reviewed
      in the Children's Cancer & Leukemia Group Studies 1972-1981. The mortality of
      acute lymphocytic leukemia in children has been reduced about one-half in the
      past 10 years. Continued progress depends on maintaining our objective of curing
      all children and in conceiving and testing new ideas that might contribute to
      cure. Nowadays, the end result of most importance is long-term leukemia-free
      survival, i.e., the freedom from relapse after off therapy. Advances in the
      childhood leukemia have paved the way for encouraging progress in the management
      of the much more common malignancies that affects adults.

PMID- 3863970
TI  - [Infectious complications and infection prevention in patients with acute
      leukemia].
AB  - Febrile episodes in 147 patients undergoing first remission induction therapy for
      acute leukemia were analyzed. Febrile episodes occurred 254 times in 136
      patients. The cause of fever could not be identified in 54.3% of all episodes.
      Antibiotic therapy was effective in 81.1% of these episodes with no cause
      determined. Postmortem examinations proved infections in 65.2% of patients who
      had fever of unknown origin before death. Sepsis and pneumonia together accounted
      for 53.4% of documented infections. Sepsis and pneumonia occurred most often when
      the patients had neutropenia (less than 500/mm3). Increase in neutrophil count
      and achievement of hematologic remission produced good prognosis of the
      infections, and the reverse was also true in some patients. Fifty percent of
      fetal patients died of infection. The incidence of infections, especially
      pneumonia and infections caused by fungi and Proteus species indicating such
      infections were exogenous, reduced markedly in laminar air flow rooms.

PMID- 3863971
TI  - [Organ dysfunctions caused by cancer therapy in children].
AB  - Some of organ dysfunctions due to cancer therapy in children are common to those
      of adults, but others are specific for children. Even common toxicities may have
      aspects peculiar to children. For example, cisplatin nephrotoxicity easily causes
      hypomagnesemic, hypocalcemic tetany in children which is rare in adults.
      Occurrence of second primary malignancies is serious late effect of cancer
      therapy. Concerning this problem two factors are important in children. Firstly,
      children with heritable embryonal cancers are predisposed to develop additional
      malignancies related and unrelated to therapy. Secondly, proportion of different
      parts of body of children is different from one of adults and normal tissues
      distant from the primary radiation field may receive surprisingly large dose of
      irradiation. For example, a 8-year-old boy received 6 to 9% of dose of
      prophylactic skull irradiation for acute lymphocytic leukemia to his thyroid.
      Younger children who have smaller viscerocranium are expected to have larger
      dose. Children who received antileukemic therapy for 3 to 7 years showed
      significant delays of linear growth and bone age.

PMID- 3863972
TI  - [A case of CML blast crisis with numerous megakaryocyte and basophil colony
      formations].

PMID- 3863973
TI  - [Chronic myelogenous leukemia following therapy of early gastric cancer].

PMID- 3863974
TI  - [Congenital leukemia: a case report with evidence of differentiation from acute
      lymphocytic leukemia to acute monocytic leukemia].

PMID- 3863975
TI  - [A long-term survivor after the onset of blast crisis of chronic myelogenous
      leukemia--an autopsy case associated with myeloblastic tumor formation at the
      periost of the 10th thoracic vertebra].

PMID- 3863976
TI  - [Congestive heart failure after high dose cytosine arabinoside therapy in an ALL
      patient].

PMID- 3863977
TI  - [DNA cytofluorometry of leukemic cells in the blast crisis of chronic myelogenous
      leukemia].

PMID- 3863978
TI  - [Acute myelofibrosis--case reports of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia and acute
      myeloblastic leukemia].

PMID- 3863979
TI  - Detection of Philadelphia chromosome in chronic neutrophilic leukemia.
AB  - Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a rare myeloproliferative disorder,
      differentiated from chronic myelogenous leukemia by several features. A case of
      CNL which was found by long-term culture to involve the Philadelphia chromosome
      is reported.

PMID- 3863980
TI  - [Role of "gene research" in basic medicine].

PMID- 3863981
TI  - [A case of chronic myelogenous leukemia with a parietal tumor].

PMID- 3863982
TI  - [Immunological and physicochemical properties of new tumor marker for pancreatic
      cancer, KM01, detected by monoclonal antibody].

PMID- 3863983
TI  - A new breast carcinoma antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - A new monoclonal antibody (MoAb), 3E1-2, to human breast carcinoma cells was
      made. With the use of the immunoperoxidase technique, 3E1-2 was tested on
      Formalin-fixed and fresh sections of 27 normal and 81 neoplastic tissues,
      including 37 carcinomas of the breast, 15 lung tumors, 5 colon tumors, and other
      tumors. Strong uniform staining of the cytoplasm and membrane occurred with the
      breast carcinoma, whereas with normal breast tissue less intense staining of the
      luminal membrane was seen; not all cells were reactive with the MoAb. Most other
      human tumors (with the exception of some lung, kidney, and uterine carcinomas)
      were nonreactive, and few normal tissues were reactive. The unique features of
      this new MoAb are: a) reaction with Formalin-fixed as well as fresh tissue; b)
      lack of a reaction with the cell surface of 43 established cell lines, including
      10 lines derived from breast carcinoma cultures; c) variable staining patterns in
      different breast carcinomas, varying from all cells staining to dense cytoplasmic
      staining to minimal membrane staining of a few cells; d) a great differential in
      staining patterns between normal and neoplastic tissue (nonetheless, some normal
      tissues were 3E-1.2+). The antibody does not detect a tumor-specific antigen, but
      has a high carcinoma-to-normal breast ratio of staining. In addition, preliminary
      studies on the sera of 20 patients with carcinoma of the breast have shown that
      the antigen detected by 3E1-2 is elevated in their serum; 3E1-2 thus has the
      potential to be used for diagnosis of this disease.

PMID- 3863984
TI  - Occupation-related risks for colorectal cancer.
AB  - Several population data bases were used to generate hypotheses about associations
      between colorectal cancer and workplace exposures. The Third National Cancer
      Survey interview sample was used to select 343 male and 208 female cases and 626
      male and 1,235 female cancer controls. Potential work exposures were assigned
      with the use of data from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and
      Health National Occupational Hazard Survey. Dietary factors were modeled from the
      National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Work-related stress was
      considered with the use of a model based on the U.S. Department of Labor's
      Quality of Employment Survey. Other risk factors included age, race, ponderosity,
      and menopausal status. Logistic analysis yielded hypotheses for colon cancer risk
      in males with potentially high exposure to solvents, abrasives, and fuel oil and
      in those in jobs with high demand and low control (high "stress"). Hypotheses
      emerged for females with potentially high exposure to dyes, solvents, and
      grinding wheel dust.

PMID- 3863985
TI  - Serum steroid binding proteins and the bioavailability of estradiol in relation
      to breast diseases.
AB  - Serum concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), corticosteroid
      binding globulin (CBG), and albumin were found to be normal in women with breast
      cancer (Ca), with benign breast disease (BBD), or with a family history of breast
      cancer (FHCa). Comparisons between serum steroid binding capacities and
      immunoassayable SHBG and CBG concentrations did not reveal abnormal forms of
      either protein. The serum distribution of estradiol (E2) was also determined, and
      women with Ca were found to have a significantly (P less than .025) higher mean
      percentage of non-protein-bound E2 than matched controls, but the difference was
      very small. In general, women with Ca also had proportionately more (P less than
      .05) albumin-bound E2 and less (P less than .05) SHBG-bound E2 in their sera than
      the controls, but the serum distributions of E2 in the BBD and FHCa subjects were
      the same as in controls. The dissociation rates of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone
      and E2 from SHBG in serum appear to increase with time in frozen serum samples,
      and this factor may effect measurements of the distribution of these steroids in
      serum.

PMID- 3863986
TI  - Ricin A chain conjugated with monoclonal antibodies selectively killing human
      carcinoma cells in vitro.
AB  - Ricin A chain was coupled to murine monoclonal antibodies MBr1 and MOv2
      respectively raised against human breast and ovarian carcinomas. Inhibition of
      protein synthesis only occurred in those cultured human tumor cells bearing the
      appropriate target antigens, demonstrating that both components of the conjugate
      were unchanged in regards to specificity and toxicity. Conjugates were 125-200
      times more efficient in inhibiting [3H]proline incorporation than the uncoupled
      ricin A chain. They were however unable to kill the entire population of the
      appropriate cells even after repeated treatment. Although the two monoclonal
      antibodies had similar binding kinetics, the conjugates differed in their
      cytotoxicity kinetics. The MBr1-ricin A chain conjugate had slow kinetics, and
      about 20 hours were needed to obtain a protein synthesis inhibition above 50% on
      the appropriate line (mammary carcinoma MCF-7). In contrast, the MOv2-ricin A
      chain conjugate showed very fast kinetics, reaching 50% inhibition after only 30
      minutes of treatment on both appropriate cell lines SW626 and HT-29 from ovarian
      and colon carcinomas, respectively. Growth conditions of cell lines, i.e.,
      adherent cells versus suspended cells, and plating time were found to greatly
      influence the conjugates' killing efficiencies. These studies confirm the
      possibility of preparing ricin A chain-antibody conjugates, which retain specific
      cytotoxicity against tumor cells; but they also underline the need for further in
      vitro studies of various parameters before one considers a therapeutic use of
      such conjugates.

PMID- 3863987
TI  - Mortality among a large cohort of chemical manufacturing employees.
AB  - Cause-specific mortality was surveyed among 19,608 male employees with 1 or more
      years of service between 1940 and 1980 at the Texas Operations of Dow Chemical
      U.S.A. Vital status was ascertained through 1980 for 97.3% of the cohort members,
      and death certificates were obtained for 96.4% of the 3,444 decedents. Mortality
      risks were found to vary, depending upon which of 3 population groups (United
      States, Texas, and local counties) was used for comparison, although
      significantly fewer than expected deaths from all causes was a common finding due
      to significant deficits in diabetes, diseases of the circulatory system, and
      cirrhosis of the liver. Significantly more deaths were from ill-defined
      conditions and cancers of unspecified sites. Lung cancer was significantly
      elevated in comparisons with the incidences in the United States and Texas, but
      not in comparison with those in the local counties. The influence of age at hire,
      period of hire, duration of employment, interval since entry into cohort,
      employment status, and two measures of social class--educational level and job
      category--were explored with the use of the Mantel-Haenszel method as adapted for
      a cohort study. Findings from these analyses are discussed in relation to the
      observations of other investigators and in the context of the possible impact of
      these findings on future studies of this work force.

PMID- 3863988
TI  - Direct relationship between high-energy phosphate content and blood flow in
      thermally treated murine tumors.
AB  - In vivo 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and 133Xe clearance
      were used to monitor serially ATP content and blood flow, respectively, in
      C3H/HeJ mouse subcutaneous RIF-1 tumors treated with hyperthermia. There was a
      prompt decrease in ATP [measured spectroscopically and expressed as the ratio of
      ATP to Pi (ATP/Pi)]. The slope and magnitude of the change in ATP closely
      paralleled those of tumor blood flow. Close correlation between these two
      variables was seen when data were analyzed both by treatment group and by
      individual mouse. Ligated tumors showed qualitatively and quantitatively similar
      changes in ATP/Pi and blood flow. RIF-1 cells heated in vitro to a similar degree
      showed no decrease in ATP. The loss of ATP in subcutaneous RIF-1 tumors heated in
      vivo was primarily due to disruption of tumor blood flow. These data emphasize
      the importance of vascular factors to in vivo thermal effects. In vivo 31P-NMR
      spectroscopy can be used to monitor indirectly vascular effects from
      hyperthermia.

PMID- 3863989
TI  - Modulation by taurine of the toxicity of taumustine, a compound with antitumor
      activity.
AB  - The antitumor activity of 2-[bis-(2-chloroethyl)-amino]ethanesulfonic acid (also
      referred to here as "taurine mustard" or "taumustine") was evaluated in the
      murine P388 and L1210 lymphocytic leukemias and in the pigmented and nonpigmented
      B16 melanoma systems. Treatment with a single ip dose of taumustine (40 mg/kg)
      resulted in a 130% increase in life-span for mice bearing P388 (intraperitoneal),
      a 93% increase for mice bearing L1210 (intraperitoneal), and an approximately 80%
      increase for mice bearing B16 melanoma (intraperitoneal). Repeated low doses (10
      mg/kg) of taumustine promoted a 250% increase in life-span for mice bearing P388
      (intraperitoneal), the absence of ascitic fluid from day 4 onward, and the
      presence of pulmonary emboli from day 5 onward. The inclusion of taurine (5 mM)
      in the culture medium of P388 cells in primary culture for 45 hours did not alter
      the cytotoxicity of taumustine, and pretreatment of the tumor-bearing host with
      taurine (250 mg/kg) in daily treatments with taumustine for up to 8 days did not
      interfere with antitumor activity (140-160% increased life-span). However,
      treatment of tumor-bearing mice with taurine abrogated neurotoxicity, intestinal
      necrosis, pulmonary emboli formation, and tail vein necrosis due to the
      administration of taumustine. The modulation by taurine of taumustine activity
      suggests that the combination of these agents offers an advantage of selectivity
      and host protection during chemotherapy.

PMID- 3863990
TI  - Evaluation of cyclosporine-treated mice as hosts for growing and testing the
      chemosensitivity of first-transplant-generation human tumor xenografts implanted
      under the kidney capsule.
AB  - Freshly resected human tumors were grown as xenografts under the kidney capsules
      of conventional mice immunosuppressed by daily treatment with cyclosporine A
      (CsA; 60 mg/kg/day, sc). Tumor persistence and growth in CsA-treated mice were
      comparable to those found in nude mice. Lower doses or less aggressive schedules
      of CsA resulted in xenograft rejection. CsA (60 mg/kg/day, sc) treatment of mice
      was toxic but not lethal. It resulted in a 20% decrease in water consumption, a
      10% loss in body weight, and significant reductions in thymus, kidney, and liver
      weights. Therapeutic doses of cancer chemotherapeutic agents were tolerated by
      CsA-treated mice, but 10% lethal doses were lethal in 100% of the mice. These
      results indicate that CsA-treated mice would be an economic alternative to nude
      mice for growing human tumor xenografts and for testing their chemosensitivity,
      with the caveat that the dose-limiting toxicity of cancer chemotherapeutic agents
      will be reached at lower doses in CsA-treated mice.

PMID- 3863991
TI  - Dietary intervention during the postdosing phase of L-azaserine-induced
      preneoplastic lesions.
AB  - The effects of intervention by diets with high or low levels of dietary fat on
      the development of preneoplastic pancreatic lesions were examined. Wistar rats
      were treated ip at 14 days of age with a 30-mg/kg dose of L-azaserine [CAS: 115
      02-6; diazoacetate serine (ester)] and weaned onto the test diets. Animals fed 5%
      corn oil had fewer preneoplastic lesions compared to animals fed 20% corn oil
      throughout the 4-month posttreatment period. The strong response observed in rats
      fed 20% corn oil could be markedly reduced by intervention with a 5% corn oil
      diet halfway through the posttreatment period. Similarly, the low response in
      animals fed 5% corn oil could be markedly elevated by intervention with a high
      fat diet. These results provide evidence for the hypothesis that tumor
      development may be modified by dietary means.

PMID- 3863992
TI  - Effect of dietary intake of fish oil and fish protein on the development of L
      azaserine-induced preneoplastic lesions in the rat pancreas.
AB  - The effect of dietary intake of fish (menhaden) oil and fish (cod) protein on the
      development of pancreatic preneoplastic lesions was examined in male Wistar rats.
      Fourteen-day-old animals were given a single ip injection of 30 mg L-azaserine/kg
      body weight [CAS: 115-02-6; diazoacetate serine (ester)]. At 21 days of age they
      were weaned and maintained on dietary treatment for 4 months. Fish protein did
      not appear to produce a significantly different preneoplastic response when
      compared to casein as a protein source. However, a 20% menhaden oil diet, rich in
      omega 3 fatty acids, produced a significant decrease in the development of both
      the size and number of preneoplastic lesions when compared to a 20% corn oil diet
      rich in omega 6 fatty acids. This study provides evidence that fish oils, rich in
      omega 3 fatty acids, may have potential as inhibitory agents in cancer
      development.

PMID- 3863993
TI  - Genetic influence on type 2 or Clara cell origin of pulmonary adenomas in urethan
      treated mice.
AB  - Urethan-induced lung adenomas arising from alveolar type 2 cells and from
      bronchiolar Clara cells have distinct histologic patterns; and examination of all
      lung adenomas found in A/J, SWR/J, BALB/cByJ, 129/J, and RIIIS/J inbred mice, 14
      16 weeks after a single urethan injection, demonstrated that both tumor types
      were present in all five strains. The relative numbers of each tumor type varied
      significantly among the different strains. No correlation was observed between
      the type of tumor formed and tumor multiplicity. Augmentation of tumor
      multiplicity by chronic butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) treatment following
      urethan injection did not change the proportion of the 2 tumors from that
      observed with urethan alone. This finding demonstrated that BHT stimulated the
      development of both tumor types equally. The tumors found 14 weeks after a single
      urethan injection into neonatal BALB mice were larger than those found 14 weeks
      after urethan injection into adult BALB mice, but the proportion of alveolar and
      papillary tumors was the same for both groups. Lymphocytic infiltration into
      tumors was mainly associated with Clara cell-derived tumors. The proportion of
      type 2 cell- and Clara cell-derived lung adenomas appeared to be controlled
      primarily by the genetic background.

PMID- 3863994
TI  - Susceptibility to urethan-induced pulmonary adenomas between A/J and C57BL/6J
      mice: use of AXB and BXA recombinant inbred lines indicating a three-locus
      genetic model.
AB  - For insight into the number of genes governing differential susceptibility such
      as in mice of the inbred strain A/J (A) highly susceptible to the induction of
      pulmonary adenomas by urethan in comparison to resistant strain C57BL/6J (B6)
      mice, tumor induction was studied in the AXB and BXA series of recombinant inbred
      (RI) strains derived respectively from A female X B6 male and B6 female X A male
      ancestral lines. Mice from 46 of these lines were given injections with 1 mg
      urethan/g (body wt), and the tumor number was assessed 4 months later. Lung tumor
      multiplicity for several RI lines was independently characterized in the Boulder,
      CO, and Montreal laboratories, and very similar numbers were obtained. Most lines
      had multiplicities intermediate to those of the progenitor strains, clearly
      indicating that more than a single gene accounted for the differences in lung
      tumor susceptibility between A and B6. The tumor incidence and multiplicity data
      fit very closely to what would be expected under a three-locus model, and we
      designated these genes "Pas" for pulmonary adenoma susceptibility. One locus
      called "Pas-1" had an effect on tumor multiplicity greater than that of the other
      loci.

PMID- 3863995
TI  - Neoplasms observed in untreated and corn oil gavage control groups of F344/N rats
      and (C57BL/6N X C3H/HeN)F1 (B6C3F1) mice.
AB  - Control data on F344/N rats and (C57BL/6N X C3H/HeN)F1 (B6C3F1) mammary tumor
      virus-free mice from the National Toxicology Program (NTP) were examined to
      determine if animals receiving corn oil by gavage showed tumor incidences that
      differed from those of untreated control animals. Analyses of these data were
      adjusted for interlaboratory variability, time-related trends, and supplier
      effects. Two biologically significant effects were found: Male F344/N control
      rats receiving corn oil by gavage showed a higher (P less than .05) incidence of
      pancreatic acinar cell adenoma and a lower (P less than .001) incidence of
      leukemia (primarily mononuclear cell leukemia) than did the corresponding
      untreated controls. The increased incidences of pancreatic acinar cell adenoma
      seen in male rats administered corn oil by gavage were associated with elevated
      body weights observed in these animals relative to untreated controls. Female
      F344 rats and male and female B6C3F1 mice showed little or no evidence of a
      difference in tumor incidence between corn oil gavage-treated and untreated
      controls. A review of nearly 300 carcinogenesis studies done by the National
      Cancer Institute (NCI) and the NTP revealed that there were no corn oil gavage
      studies in which increased incidences of pancreatic acinar cell tumors or
      leukemia in male F344/N rats were the sole evidence of the carcinogenicity of a
      test chemical. Thus use of corn oil appears to have little impact on the
      interpretation of NCI-NTP carcinogenicity studies.

PMID- 3863996
TI  - [Therapeutic effect of ofloxacin (DL 8280) on pulmonary tuberculosis. (Report of
      a one year-administration study on sixteen treatment-failure patients)].

PMID- 3863997
TI  - [Gas chromatography study of the fatty acid pattern of total lipids in children
      with glycogen storage disease].

PMID- 3863998
TI  - Neutrophilic dermatoses and myeloproliferative disease: report of two cases.
AB  - The term "neutrophilic dermatosis" has been suggested for a spectrum of skin
      lesions that have been noted in some patients with myeloproliferative diseases.
      These cutaneous conditions vary from plaques typical of Sweet's syndrome to
      bullous and pyodermatous lesions. We describe two patients with neutrophilic
      dermatoses and myeloproliferative disorders. Distinctive features included
      concurrent bullous pyodermatous lesions and characteristic lesions of Sweet's
      syndrome in one patient and overwhelming sterile pulmonary infiltration in the
      other patient. These disorders may be difficult to distinguish from acute
      infectious processes, and they may have systemic components, including
      pneumonitis. Possible therapeutic alternatives to systemic corticosteroid therapy
      are suggested.

PMID- 3863999
TI  - Treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia in children.
AB  - Progress in the treatment of childhood AML has not equalled the advances obtained
      in the management of ALL. Two recent chemotherapy studies (i.e. VAPA and BFM 78),
      however, reported marked increase in the proportion of long-term remissions. The
      initial therapy of the cooperative study BFM 78 consisted of two 4-week phases of
      intensive induction/consolidation with 7 different drugs and cranial irradiation
      followed by maintenance with thioguanine and cytosine arabinoside for 2 years and
      additional adriamycin during the first year. A total of 151 children with AML
      were enrolled in the study from 30 centers. Of these 119 (79%) patients achieved
      complete remission. After a median observation time of 34 (14-57) months, there
      have been 46 relapses. CNS was involved in 6 of these relapses. Life table
      analyses revealed the following probabilities after 4 1/2 years: survival: 46%;
      disease-free survival: 41% (total group), 52% (remission group); disease-free
      interval 56% (remission group). The risk of relapse appears to decrease
      considerably after 2 1/2 years. No risk factors for the occurrence of relapse
      have been identified.

PMID- 3864000
TI  - Effects of cytosine arabinoside on DNA synthesis and mitotic activity of HL-60
      cells.
AB  - HL-60 cells were exposed to tritiated thymidine (3HTdR) alone (control group), to
      cytosine arabinoside followed by 3HTdR or to tritium labelled cytosine
      arabinoside (3H-AraC) for one hour followed by incubation with colcemide to
      arrest them during metaphase. Autoradiographic slides were prepared and cell
      counts were at 1, 24, 48 and 72 h. The studies demonstrated that HL-60 cells
      exposed to high concentrations of AraC (10 micrograms ml-1) can pass through the
      S-phase as the G2-phase of the cell cycle and enter mitosis. Despite completing
      the S-phase, the cells exposed to AraC were severely damaged and had already
      begun to die.

PMID- 3864001
TI  - Methotrexate-vindesine association in leukemia: pharmacokinetic study.
AB  - Methotrexate (MTX) and vindesine (VDS) have both been found effective in the
      treatment of acute leukemia. With regard to their pharmacological effects at the
      cellular level they can reportedly interact. Administration of MTX at high dose
      levels has been suggested as both a curative and preventive treatment of blastic
      meningitis. The purpose of this work was to determine whether an injection of VDS
      leads to any change in MTX clearance and uptake in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
      The plasma pharmacokinetic and CSF influx of MTX and VDS were assayed after high
      dose systemic MTX with an intravenous bolus of VDS administered in the treatment
      of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The MTX concentration was determined by
      enzymatic assay and VDS by radio immunoassay. No interrelation between these
      drugs was found. MTX levels in the CSF were sufficient for therapeutic
      effectiveness but were not affected by intravenous VDS. Detectable amounts of VDS
      were observed in the CSF but were not altered by MTX.

PMID- 3864002
TI  - [Natural killer (NK) cell activity in the peripheral blood of patients with
      malignant diseases: melanoma, carcinoma, chronic and acute lymphatic leukemia].

PMID- 3864003
TI  - State's statistics show malpractice claims increasing in frequency, severity.

PMID- 3864004
TI  - An approach to the patient with facial pain.

PMID- 3864005
TI  - Regulatory status of high frequency ventilators.

PMID- 3864006
TI  - [Genetic characteristics of Leishmania strains isolated from gerbils in the
      Mongolian People's Republic].

PMID- 3864008
TI  - Peripheral nerve in type III glycogenosis: selective involvement of unmyelinated
      fiber Schwann cells.
AB  - Electron microscopy of intramuscular nerves in biopsy material from a child with
      glycogenosis type III showed massive glycogen accumulation in the Schwann cells
      of unmyelinated nerve fibers. Other cells, including Schwann cells of myelinated
      fibers, perineurial cells, endoneurial fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and
      pericytes, were not similarly affected.

PMID- 3864007
TI  - Effects of hemin on a lymphoblastoid cell line that expresses the human epsilon-
      and gamma-globin genes.
AB  - Northern blot analysis using probes specific for each of the human embryonic
      (epsilon), fetal (gamma), and adult (beta) globin genes indicates that the human
      lymphoblastoid F-265 cells express the embryonic and fetal globin genes. Unlike
      the erythroid cell line K562, in which globin RNA levels increase during
      treatment with hemin in culture, globin RNA levels decrease in F-265 cells in the
      presence of hemin. This effect is reversible after passage of F-265 cells in
      fresh medium without hemin. Both the rates of globin RNA synthesis and the
      presence of DNase I-hypersensitive sites in hemin treated and untreated F-265
      cells were investigated to identify the levels at which globin gene expression is
      controlled.

PMID- 3864009
TI  - Evidence of a new chimeric bcr/c-abl mRNA in patients with chronic myelocytic
      leukemia and the Philadelphia chromosome.
AB  - The hallmark of chronic myelocytic leukemia is the presence of the Philadelphia
      chromosome (Ph1). In recent studies, we obtained data that strongly suggested the
      involvement of an oncogene, c-abl, in this type of leukemia. This oncogene,
      normally located on chromosome 9, is translocated to chromosome 22 as a result of
      the Ph1 translocation. In addition, we identified a region on chromosome 22, the
      breakpoint cluster region (bcr), which contains the chromosomal breakpoint in all
      patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia who are positive for Ph1. Recent
      studies have suggested that the bcr is part of a gene that is truncated as a
      consequence of the Ph1 translocation. The deleted part of this gene could be
      replaced by c-abl sequences; to test this hypothesis we analyzed the RNA of five
      patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia. All five had chimeric bcr/c-abl
      messenger RNA, suggesting that the deleterious effects of this disease can be
      associated with an abnormal chimeric protein encoded by the bcr and the c-abl
      oncogene.

PMID- 3864010
TI  - Multiple factors in the prediction of risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - To identify risk factors for the development of proliferative diabetic
      retinopathy, we compared 111 patients with longstanding insulin-dependent
      diabetes who had proliferative retinopathy (cases) with 81 patients with diabetes
      of similar duration (an average of 26 years) who did not have proliferative
      diabetic retinopathy (controls). The cases had diabetes that was more difficult
      to manage, as evidenced by their more frequent blood sugar levels above 200 mg
      per deciliter (11 mmol per liter) on routine clinic visits (odds ratio, 1.6 for
      each increment of 10 per cent in the relative frequency), and they expended less
      effort in managing their diabetes, as indicated by their less frequent testing of
      urine for sugar (odds ratio, 0.3). Among those who did not have myopia, the cases
      also had an excess of the HLA-DR phenotypes 4/0, 3/0, or X/X (odds ratio, 10.0).
      Among those with myopia, these phenotypes did not carry an increased risk of
      proliferative retinopathy. These results support a multifactorial model for the
      development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy; however, the mechanisms of
      action of the identified factors remain unknown.

PMID- 3864012
TI  - Family medicine at Duke: a followup.

PMID- 3864011
TI  - Plan for field tests of bacteria.

PMID- 3864013
TI  - The Mountain Area Health Education Center: a unique university/community
      partnership.

PMID- 3864014
TI  - Blue Cross/Blue Shield's Personal Care Plan.

PMID- 3864015
TI  - Serum digoxin levels and renal failure.

PMID- 3864016
TI  - Accidental Veratrum viride poisoning in three "ramp" foragers.

PMID- 3864017
TI  - Removing a tick.

PMID- 3864018
TI  - Sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid: complete response to sequential
      combination chemotherapy.

PMID- 3864019
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration--an aid to breast diagnosis.

PMID- 3864020
TI  - A cost-effective community model for treating alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a
      preliminary report.

PMID- 3864021
TI  - [Leukoplakia of the oral mucosa].

PMID- 3864022
TI  - [Somatization disorders and somatic fixation in patients in dental practice].

PMID- 3864023
TI  - [Migrated upper anterior teeth in patients with chronic periodontitis. Etiology
      and therapy].

PMID- 3864024
TI  - [The invisible risks of radiographs].

PMID- 3864025
TI  - [The odontogenic keratocyst: preliminary results of conservative surgical
      treatment].

PMID- 3864026
TI  - [Dental questions and sources of information].

PMID- 3864027
TI  - [The practice period (I): 'the student becomes the dentist'].

PMID- 3864028
TI  - Associations between HLA antigens and nephrotic syndrome in African and Indian
      children in South Africa.
AB  - The nephrotic syndrome (NS) reported from Southern Africa is distinguished by
      unusual characteristics in African children and typical features among Indian
      children. A genetic basis for these differences is explored in 44 African and 33
      Indian children with NS in this paper. HLA associations were detected in the 20
      Indian children with minimal change NS (MCNS) and 12 African children with
      membranous NS. Previous studies of HLA antigens, which have all been performed on
      Caucasian children with MCNS or steroid-responsive NS (SRNS), have detected
      associations with HLAB and DR locus genes. In this report HLA Bw44, which is part
      of HLA B12, was found to be significantly more frequent in Indian children with
      MCNS or SRNS than in controls (45 and 12%, respectively, p less than 0.04;
      relative risk 5.8). In contrast, African children with membranous nephropathy had
      a significantly increased frequency of HLA Bw21 (15% in patients and 1% in
      controls, p less than 0.04; relative risk 22.1). HBsAg was positive in 9 of 11
      patients tested in the latter group. We conclude that the interaction between
      heredity and environmental factors is central to the pathogenesis of membranous
      nephropathy and similar considerations may be important in the development of
      MCNS.

PMID- 3864029
TI  - [Acute myeloid leukemia with intracranial tumor formation--case report].
AB  - A 44-year-old house-wife was admitted to the hematological clinic of our hospital
      on December 21, 1981 for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Hematological
      examination showed severe anemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. She was soon
      started on DCMP therapy (Daunomycin, Cytosine arabinoside, 6-MP and
      prednisolone). After several repeats of remission and aggravation, she suffered
      from vertigo, nausea and vomiting in early August of 1982. The CT scan and
      angiography showed a mass lesion in the middle of the posterior cranial fossa. On
      August 26, surgical extirpation of the tumor locating in the vermis of the
      cerebellum was performed successfully. On gross examination the tumor revealed
      smooth yellowish-red surface, elastic in consistency and measured 40 X 40 X 30 mm
      in size. Histologically it comprised the leukemic cells. The pathology of the
      central nervous system due to leukemic cells was discussed in relation to the
      pertinent literature, including the CT findings and the indication of the
      surgical treatment.

PMID- 3864031
TI  - Basic nursing education: approaches & trends in selected countries.

PMID- 3864030
TI  - Polyamine and prostaglandin markers in focal cerebral ischemia.
AB  - This study examines the pathophysiology of stroke secondary to focal cerebral
      ischemia. The interaction of arachidonic acid metabolites and polyamines, a class
      of ubiquitous ornithine-derived molecules with important membrane effects on
      edema, Ca++-dependent endocytosis, platelet function, and prostaglandin (PG)
      formation, are correlated with regional changes in H2 clearance, cerebral blood
      flow (rCBF), ischemic edema, and somatosensory evoked responses (SSERs) after
      middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Thirty cats were studied up to 3 hours
      before and 6 hours after right MCA occlusion. Four areas of brain showing
      different levels of perfusion after MCA occlusion were sampled for tissue levels
      of PGs: 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGE2, and as well as thromboxane B2 (TXB2), ornithine
      decarboxylase activity (ODC) (a measure of polyamine activity) and gravimetric
      determination of cerebral edema. After right MCA occlusion, right hemisphere SSER
      amplitude decreased and interpeak latency increased markedly. rCBF was
      distributed into zones of dense, partial, and no ischemia ranging from 12.6 to
      59.4 ml/100 g/minute. Ischemic edema was distributed inversely to rCBF and was
      increased in areas of dense ischemia (85.2 +/- 0.5%) and ischemia (82.7 +/-
      0.7%), but not in partially ischemic or control areas. 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha (1257.3
      pg/mg), PGE2 (1628.5 pg/mg), and TXB2 (1572.8 pg/mg) were all significantly (P
      less than 0.05) increased in areas of partial ischemia that had not yet developed
      edema. ODC levels were significantly elevated (3812 pmole/g/hour, P less than
      0.05) and increased with time in areas of slightly denser ischemia that showed an
      intermediate increase in edema, but not the presence of infarction. This is the
      first demonstration that ODC, the rate-limiting enzyme for polyamine synthesis,
      is stimulated by cerebral ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3864032
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)--an update.

PMID- 3864033
TI  - A 45-year-old man with weight loss, fever, chills, and diarrhea.

PMID- 3864034
TI  - Perinatal aspects of high multiple gestation.

PMID- 3864035
TI  - Rounded atelectasis.

PMID- 3864036
TI  - Acute cholecystitis due to Aeromonas hydrophila.

PMID- 3864037
TI  - Health 1984-5.

PMID- 3864038
TI  - Passive immunoprophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infections in newborn infants.
AB  - Newborn infants of mothers who were chronic carriers of hepatitis Bs antigen
      (HBsAg) were randomly allocated to be treated or not treated with hyperimmune
      hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) at birth and six weeks and were then followed
      up to one year with sequential blood tests. Ninety percent of all untreated
      infants born of mothers positive for both HBsAg and hepatitis Be antigen became
      chronic carriers of HBsAg at one year. In contrast only 9% of infants treated
      with HBIg became HBsAg positive. Mothers who were HBsAg positive but hepatitis Be
      antigen negative only uncommonly infected their infants, with 6% being HBsAg
      positive at one year. Nearly all infections were in Pacific Islanders, Maoris or
      Asians. It is recommended that antenatal testing of these groups most at risk for
      hepatitis B virus spread, be initiated, followed by passive immunoprophylaxis
      with HBIg of infants born of HBsAg, HBeAg positive mothers.

PMID- 3864040
TI  - Conservative treatment of early breast cancer.

PMID- 3864039
TI  - Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a Dunedin review.
AB  - Patients who had undergone a Ramstedt pyloromyotomy for infantile hypertrophic
      pyloric stenosis in Dunedin over a 10 year period to June 1984 were reviewed.
      Forty-two cases were recorded. More congenital anomalies than expected, a
      declining rate of wound complications and a high rate of a positive family
      history were found. The history is reviewed, the data presented and the results
      discussed.

PMID- 3864041
TI  - The learning process in medical education.

PMID- 3864042
TI  - Tamoxifen and breast cancer.

PMID- 3864043
TI  - Amoxycillin-induced acute interstitial nephritis.

PMID- 3864044
TI  - Homosexuality debate.

PMID- 3864045
TI  - Resuscitation of hypothermia victims.

PMID- 3864046
TI  - Health of ballet dancers.

PMID- 3864047
TI  - Minerals in infant foods.

PMID- 3864048
TI  - Rectal suppositories and packaging.

PMID- 3864049
TI  - Asthma and climate.

PMID- 3864050
TI  - Elevated plasma manganese levels in welders cutting manganese steel.

PMID- 3864052
TI  - Reporting of child abuse.

PMID- 3864051
TI  - Interferon therapy in hairy cell leukaemia.

PMID- 3864053
TI  - Waikikamoukau flu.

PMID- 3864054
TI  - Results of treatment of cancer of the cervix in Wellington: 1975-9.
AB  - A review was undertaken of all patients treated for invasive carcinoma of the
      cervix in the Wellington region in the period 1975 to 1979. A total of 84
      patients were assessed for the results and complications of treatment. Forty-one
      were stage I, 18 stage II, 18 stage III, and seven stage IV (FIGO staging).
      Treatment by different combinations of surgery and radiotherapy for each stage
      are described. Actuarial survival at five years is 54% for all stages. For stage
      I it is 86%, stage II 54%, and stage III 44%. There were only seven patients in
      stage IV. Seven patients (8.3%) suffered major complications, mainly
      gastrointestinal or genitourinary. Most complications occurred in patients
      treated with a combination of radical surgery followed by high dose external
      radiotherapy. This treatment should be reserved for selected patients who can be
      identified as having a very high risk of recurrence in the pelvis after surgery.
      Invasive cancer of the cervix is a highly treatable disease, with over half the
      patients surviving free of disease at five years, but screening programmes for
      early detection are essential.

PMID- 3864055
TI  - Botulism in New Zealand.
AB  - Two patients with botulism with recovery are described. These are the first
      reported cases in New Zealand.

PMID- 3864056
TI  - Pulmonary cryptococcosis: a report of two cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Two cases of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis are described. In both cases
      diagnosis was established using specimens obtained at bronchoscopy and in one
      case confirmed by detecting cryptococcal antigen. Knowledge of the natural
      history of the condition allowed rational decisions to be made regarding
      treatment. Difficulties surrounding the diagnosis and treatment of this unusual
      condition are discussed.

PMID- 3864057
TI  - Alcohol and coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3864058
TI  - Perinatal mortality in the Tuatapere practice area.
AB  - The perinatal mortality of the last 1500 deliveries from the Tuatapere general
      practice area was studied. The first 500 cases, 1964-70, had a perinatal
      mortality of 24/1000 births; second 500, 1970-76, a mortality of 14/1000 births;
      and third 500, 1977-84, mortality of 4/1000 births.

PMID- 3864059
TI  - Industrial injuries in a plant.
AB  - This is a five year study of types of lost-time industrial injuries in a plant
      dealing with paper manufacturing and timber production. Back injuries accounted
      for 26% of all lost-time work accidents. Thirty-three point six percent of all
      back injuries were due to lifting or pulling of timbers at work. This occurred
      mainly in the timber yard of the plant where heavy manual work occurred. Males up
      to the age of 35 accounted for about 60% of back injuries. They have a higher
      tendency to injure their backs than do older males who were longer and more
      experienced workers. Back injuries were uncommon in the female workers. They
      accounted for a mere 0.3% of all back injuries. They were mainly clerical workers
      or cleaners reflecting lighter nature of their work. This study helps the company
      to plan better occupational safety programmes to reduce work hazards.

PMID- 3864060
TI  - Volunteer blood donors for a cell pheresis programme.

PMID- 3864061
TI  - Education--the concern of the profession? Early postgraduate medical education.
AB  - Overall what is suggested is a tried and proven apprentice type system, with
      continuing role models, more stable patient care teams, defined educational
      objectives, all with some flexibility and a reduction in the tendency to over
      supply in specific areas. The transition would be difficult, it could not happen
      without change (already suggested) in the undergraduate curriculum and it would
      also require changes in other areas, peripheral to the areas of hospital
      organisation already discussed. The changes necessary for the full effect of
      these proposals to be felt, will be those occurring in medical society. The
      changes will be in the methods of practice, in organisation and payment and in
      the relationship of different parts of the profession (aiming for abolition of
      the dichotomy existing between primary care and the hospital), all sections
      taking an active part in planning and delivering medical education. A clear
      commitment must be made to continually evaluate medical education's performance
      and relevancy, connecting this to institutions (medical schools, hospitals,
      colleges etc) geared and prepared to respond. A reconstituted and reorientated
      Medical Council would be pivotal to this being successful. This two year spell
      inflicted on the young members just entering our profession is inexcusable in
      humanitarian terms, wasteful in educational terms, and ineffective in management
      terms.

PMID- 3864062
TI  - Fluoridation and dental decay.

PMID- 3864063
TI  - Cervical screening.

PMID- 3864065
TI  - The use of dexamethasone in asthmatic patients.

PMID- 3864066
TI  - Alcohol and the young.

PMID- 3864064
TI  - Post mortem diagnosis of hepatitis B infections.

PMID- 3864067
TI  - Hepatitis B vaccine and neonates.

PMID- 3864068
TI  - Tests for AIDS and counselling.

PMID- 3864069
TI  - Comparison of in vitro activity of cefpirome with cefoperazone.

PMID- 3864070
TI  - Chronic intractable pain syndromes.

PMID- 3864071
TI  - Childhood diabetes in the Auckland area.

PMID- 3864072
TI  - "Justice" is the new ICN watchword.

PMID- 3864073
TI  - Operating theatre management: purpose, priorities, people.

PMID- 3864075
TI  - Nursing.

PMID- 3864074
TI  - Occupational health work in the mining industry.

PMID- 3864076
TI  - ICN 18th Quadrennial Congress: Congress signals nursing's impact as a social
      force.

PMID- 3864077
TI  - ICN 18th Quadrennial Congress. Time to act, is now--keynote speaker.

PMID- 3864078
TI  - Quality assurance: accent on monitoring.

PMID- 3864079
TI  - Placental steroid sulfatase deficiency.

PMID- 3864080
TI  - Pragmatic information on bulimia.

PMID- 3864081
TI  - [High performance liquid chromatography of salivary amines].

PMID- 3864082
TI  - [Optimal concentrations of nitrous-oxide and oxygen in inhalation sedation in
      dentistry].

PMID- 3864083
TI  - [Antibody production by oral treponema (E-21, S-151-1)].

PMID- 3864084
TI  - [Local anesthetic effect of phenol derivatives. 2. Eugenol and guaiacol].

PMID- 3864085
TI  - [An anatomical study of Tupinambis nigropunctatus tongue].

PMID- 3864086
TI  - [Radiological study of the effect of a hydroxyapatite ceramic-tricalcium
      phosphate implant in the jaw and the action of 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol].

PMID- 3864087
TI  - Smokeless tobacco: the new thing to chew on.

PMID- 3864088
TI  - Taste sensation in humans.

PMID- 3864089
TI  - Diagnostic challenges. Erosive and bullous lichen planus.

PMID- 3864090
TI  - Eruption disturbance due to an infected primary tooth.

PMID- 3864091
TI  - The current status of glass ionomer cements.

PMID- 3864092
TI  - Carving amalgam.

PMID- 3864093
TI  - Combined hydroxylapatite augmentation and lip-switch vestibuloplasty in the
      mandible.
AB  - A system in which hydroxylapatite is used for augmentation of the mandibular
      ridge in conjunction with vestibuloplasty is presented. This technique was found
      to have the benefit of combining a vestibular procedure with an augmentation
      procedure and thus avoiding an additional surgical operation. The results were
      uniformly good in the twelve cases presented.

PMID- 3864094
TI  - Bone scanning with 99mtechnetium phosphate to assess condylar hyperplasia. Report
      of two cases.
AB  - Condylar hyperplasia poses a problem in planning treatment because it is a self
      limiting process for some but not all patients. Continued growth creates a
      progressive deformity that requires condylectomy, whereas an enlarged condyle can
      be left in place after hyperplastic growth ceases, even if ramus surgery is
      needed to correct asymmetry. Bone scan with 99mtechnetium phosphate can be used
      to assist in making the differential diagnosis. In the two patients reported
      here, abnormal metabolic activity revealed by bone scans supported clinical and
      historical evidence that the condylar hyperplasia was active and required
      surgical correction, including condylectomy. The two cases demonstrate different
      approaches to postsurgical orthodontic treatment, depending on the amount of
      normal growth expected.

PMID- 3864096
TI  - Blastomycotic osteomyelitis of the mandible: successful treatment with
      ketoconazole.
AB  - Blastomycotic osteomyelitis of the mandible in a 40-year-old man was treated with
      ketoconazole for 26 months. Clinical, roentgenographic, and scintigraphic
      improvement was observed, and 13 months after cessation of treatment he remains
      free of disease. This case and three other previously reported cases indicate
      that ketoconazole is effective in the treatment of blastomycotic osteomyelitis.

PMID- 3864095
TI  - Orofacial involvement secondary to trapezius muscle trauma.
AB  - The case reported in this article demonstrates an unusual referral mechanism for
      signs and symptoms of the face and the oral cavity emanating from a traumatized
      trapezius muscle. A theory for this referral, based on central connections of
      nerves V, VII, IX, X, and XI, is proposed.

PMID- 3864097
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip developing in discoid lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Since the substitution of steroids and antimalarials for irradiation in the
      treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus, squamous cell carcinoma arising in
      discoid lupus erythematosus is thought by some to be an uncommon occurrence. A
      review of the recent literature (subsequent to 1945) revealed fifteen cases, of
      which seven occurred in the lips. In one of twelve of the cases a history of
      irradiation was documented. In three other cases, there was no evidence of its
      use. We report an additional case of squamous cell carcinoma occurring in the
      lower lip of a 24-year-old black woman in the absence of radiation therapy. A
      review of the literature and a discussion of possible predisposing factors are
      presented.

PMID- 3864098
TI  - Lobular (polymorphous low-grade) carcinoma of minor salivary glands. A
      clinicopathologic study of twenty cases.
AB  - Twenty cases of a recently described adenocarcinoma of minor salivary gland-
      lobular carcinoma--are reviewed. This distinctive lesion occurs most frequently
      on the palate of patients in their sixth and seventh decades and displays no
      apparent sex or race predilection. Histomorphologically, the tumor is
      characterized by cytologic uniformity, bland nuclear chromatin, and low mitotic
      rate. Its lobular configuration and marked infiltrative tendency, often by single
      filed tumor cells, are reminiscent of lobular carcinoma of the breast. Follow-up
      data indicate a favorable prognosis and are in accord with findings of previous
      investigators. The possible relationship of this lesion to adenoid cystic
      carcinoma is discussed.

PMID- 3864099
TI  - Inherited craniofacial fibrous dysplasia.
AB  - Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia occurring in a mother and two of her three
      daughters is reported. In all three patients, the condition was characterized by
      extensive bilateral and bimaxillary involvement. All patients exhibited
      radiographic evidence of abnormal maxillary and mandibular bone and tooth
      displacement. Morphologic examination of deciduous teeth from the daughters
      showed replacement of normal pulp tissue by fibro-osseous lesion. Because of the
      familial occurrence of the cases, it is proposed that they comprise an example of
      inherited craniofacial fibrous dysplasia.

PMID- 3864100
TI  - Clear cell change in a calcifying odontogenic cyst.
AB  - A case of calcifying odontogenic cyst exhibiting clear cell change is described.
      Histomorphologic similarities to the clear cell type of calcifying epithelial
      odontogenic tumor were noted and the importance of differential diagnosis from
      clear cell types of salivary gland neoplasms and metastatic hypernephroma are
      emphasized.

PMID- 3864101
TI  - Replantation of avulsed teeth with immature root development.
AB  - Successful treatment of the avulsed tooth with immature root development is
      dependent on both pulpal and periodontal responses. The pulpal reaction is often
      one of revascularization with subsequent replacement of the necrotic pulp tissue.
      Continued root development and further calcification of the existing root
      structure are often seen with revitalization. The periodontal response to
      avulsion is dependent on the vitality of the periodontal ligament cells on the
      root surface. Normal healing occurs when the vitality is maintained, while
      replacement resorption results when the vitality is lost. Replantation after a
      short extra-alveolar period appears to provide the best prognosis for long-term
      retention of the avulsed tooth.

PMID- 3864102
TI  - Clinical observations regarding the treatment of traumatically avulsed mature
      teeth. Part 2.
AB  - Two documented cases involving avulsions of an incisor and a cuspid are reported.
      Long-term observations following replantations indicated factors in addition to
      those reported in Part 1 of this study. Endodontic metallic implants may retard
      the intrusive process. A fixed-bridge splint also appears to have retarded the
      ankylosis phenomenon. The three case reports in the two parts of this study
      indicated that splint time may not be a critical factor in the prognosis of
      replanted teeth. Calcium hydroxide failed to prevent early root resorption and
      eventual ankylosis in an early replantation case; the other two cases, with
      longer replant time, fared better without calcium hydroxide. Endodontic treatment
      of avulsed teeth soon after replantation is suggested; a time period of several
      weeks does not appear critical to the prognosis. Removal of the apical root
      segment prior to replantation does not appear to affect the replacement root
      resorption process. The reporting of long-term documented cases should be
      encouraged in order that replantation techniques may be evaluated.

PMID- 3864103
TI  - Radiographic image storage via laser optical disk technology. A preliminary
      study.
AB  - Radiographic images were stored on a laser optical disk and later displayed on a
      monitor in an attempt to assess the usefulness of this technology for archiving
      of radiographic images. The results of this study indicated that laser disk
      archiving of dental panoramic and bitewing radiographs is feasible and that this
      technology is also adequate for archiving certain medical and maxillofacial
      images.

PMID- 3864104
TI  - Computed panoramic tomography with scanning laser-stimulated luminescence.
AB  - A new imaging system for the dental field that combines recent advances in both
      the electronics and computer technologies was developed. It is a panoramic
      tomography process based on the newly developed laser-scan system and an imaging
      system featuring (1) clear images with abundant diagnostic information and wide
      latitude; (2) the possibility of new diagnostic methods through image-information
      processing; and (3) reduction of exposure to a minimum.

PMID- 3864105
TI  - Frontal sinus valentine.

PMID- 3864106
TI  - An unusual oral lesion.

PMID- 3864107
TI  - Duplication of the condyle.

PMID- 3864108
TI  - Mandibular advancement surgery. A study of the lower border wiring technique for
      osteosynthesis.
AB  - A study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of osteosynthesis achieved
      by a lower border wire technique. Fifty patients who underwent mandibular
      advancement surgery were examined cephalometrically during 6 weeks of
      maxillomandibular fixation. A detailed analysis was made of spatial changes in
      the proximal and distal segments following bilateral sagittal-split osteotomies.

PMID- 3864109
TI  - Intramuscular hemangioma of the mentalis muscle.
AB  - Hemangiomas of skeletal muscle are relatively uncommon and often difficult to
      diagnose. In the head and neck, the masseter and trapezius muscles are most
      commonly reported as being involved. The cause of these lesions is unknown,
      although theories of development include trauma and abnormal sequestration of
      embryonic tissue. Treatment has included corticosteroids, sclerosing agents,
      radiation therapy, embolization, and surgical excision. A review of the
      literature and the first case report of hemangioma involving the mentalis muscle
      are presented.

PMID- 3864110
TI  - Bilateral coronoid hyperplasia resulting in severe limitation of mandibular
      movement. Report of a case.
AB  - A case of bilateral coronoid hyperplasia with limitation of mandibular motion in
      a female patient has been presented. Her symptoms began to develop around the age
      of 44. We believe that this is the first case to be reported in a female. Also,
      in all other reported cases symptoms began to develop around the onset of
      puberty. The literature has been reviewed with specific reference to the etiology
      of bilateral coronoid hyperplasia. This case brings the total number of reported
      cases to twenty-two. We hope that if similar cases are identified in female
      patients the practitioners will report them promptly. Only in this way will we be
      in a better position to understand the etiology of bilateral coronoid hyperplasia
      with special reference to heredity.

PMID- 3864111
TI  - Hemangioma of the maxillary sinus.
AB  - Hemangiomas of the maxillary sinus are rare. Hemangiomas of the maxillary sinus
      with an associated phlebolith have not been previously reported. Severe bleeding
      can occur upon surgical removal of hemangiomas.

PMID- 3864112
TI  - Unusual origins of the buccal and mylohyoid nerves.
AB  - Dissection of the mandibular nerve in a cadaver of southern Chinese origin showed
      the mylohyoid nerve arising from the lingual nerve and the buccal nerve arising
      from the inferior alveolar nerve within the mandibular ramus. It is estimated
      that this variation in the origin of the buccal nerve occurs in 6.1% of the
      southern Chinese population.

PMID- 3864113
TI  - Ossifying fibroma: a clinicopathologic study of sixty-four cases.
AB  - Sixty-four cases of neoplastic benign fibro-osseous lesions are presented, with
      clinical and radiographic follow-up in 23 instances. A marked predilection for
      female patients was observed, with the majority or cases arising in the molar
      premolar region of the mandible. Radiographically, these neoplasms are well
      demarcated and may be radiolucent, radiolucent with central opacification (target
      appearance), or multilocular radiolucent. A benign fibro-osseous histopathologic
      pattern is observed with osseous, cemental, and/or ovoid-curvoid calcified
      deposits. This feature, along with confinement to tooth-bearing regions, supports
      a periodontal ligament origin. It appears that the distinction between
      cementifying and ossifying variants is academic, as no behavioral differences
      exist. The recurrence rate following curettage was found to be 28%.

PMID- 3864114
TI  - Metastatic tumors of the mandibular condyle. Review of the literature and report
      of a case.
AB  - A metastatic tumor involving the mandibular condyle presented symptoms of
      temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. Positive identification of the primary
      malignant lesion as prostatic adenocarcinoma was accomplished through the use of
      immunohistochemical stains for prostate-specific antigen and subsequent prostate
      biopsy. A review of the literature revealed fifteen additional cases of
      metastatic lesions of the mandibular condyle, seven of which also demonstrated
      TMJ-related symptoms as the initial manifestation of malignant disease. Such
      cases represent a diagnostic challenge, both clinically and microscopically.
      Symptoms of TMJ dysfunction coupled with radiographic evidence of a destructive
      lesion or pathologic fracture should suggest a possible malignant process
      indicating the need for biopsy. Subsequent examination of routine sections in
      combination with the use of selected stains, including immunohistochemistry may
      be helpful in identification of the primary tumor site.

PMID- 3864115
TI  - Oral candidiasis: forerunner of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
AB  - A 42-year-old man who used intravenous drugs had oral candidiasis and weight
      loss. Careful examination led to a diagnosis of AIDS. The patient subsequently
      died of disseminated cryptococcosis, systemic candidiasis, and polymicrobial
      bacteremia. The circumstances and progression noted in this case led to the
      recommendation that an aggressive screening for AIDS should be performed on
      patients at high risk for this syndrome who present with oral Candida infection.

PMID- 3864116
TI  - Analysis of endodontic therapy in patients irradiated for head and neck cancer.
AB  - The outcome of endodontic therapy in 16 patients irradiated for head and neck
      cancer was studied. Thirty-five postradiation endodontically treated teeth (54
      roots) were included in the study. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to
      54 months. At the time of last follow-up, 46 of 54 roots were being maintained.
      No osteoradionecroses were seen in association with teeth that had been
      endodontically treated. From this review, it is clear that endodontic therapy is
      a viable method of treating diseased teeth in patients irradiated for oral
      neoplasms.

PMID- 3864117
TI  - A comparison of combinations of clinical and radiographic examinations in
      evaluation of a dental clinic population.
AB  - Panoramic periapical anterior and posterior bitewing radiographic, mirror
      explorer, and transillumination clinical examinations were performed on 300
      patients. Various combinations of the radiographic and clinical examination
      techniques were compared in terms of their ability to diagnose caries, alveolar
      bone loss, calculus, periapical bone lesions, impacted teeth, root tips, and
      miscellaneous conditions. A mirror-explorer clinical examination with panoramic
      and posterior bitewing radiographs and either anterior bitewing radiographs or
      transillumination proved to be as efficient in the initial examination of
      patients as the mirror-explorer clinical examination with periapical and
      posterior bitewing radiographs.

PMID- 3864118
TI  - Recurrent fractures of the mandible.

PMID- 3864119
TI  - Primary bone tumors.

PMID- 3864120
TI  - Fighting for my leg--and my life.

PMID- 3864121
TI  - Case study: nursing care of a patient with osteogenic sarcoma.

PMID- 3864122
TI  - [Effect of prostaglandin E2 on the microvascular and cellular reactions in
      inflammation].

PMID- 3864123
TI  - Primary bone tumours in infants. Short literature review and report of 10 cases.
AB  - Ten cases of primary bone tumours in infants (1 osteosarcoma, 3 Ewing's sarcoma,
      1 chondroblastoma and 5 angiomatosis) are reported. All cases of angiomatosis
      showed characteristic radiographic findings. In all the other tumours the X-ray
      appearances were different from those usually seen in older children and
      adolescents. In the authors' opinion the precise diagnosis of malignant bone
      tumours in infancy is very difficult as no characteristic X-ray features are
      present in this age period.

PMID- 3864124
TI  - Infantile infectious sacroiliitis.
AB  - Two infants with pyogenic sacroiliitis are presented. In both babies, the
      clinical findings were initially attributed to septic arthritis of the
      ipsilateral hip. The correct diagnosis was not established in either infant until
      radionuclide scanning showed increased uptake in the ipsilateral sacroiliac
      joints. Both cases emphasize the importance of proceeding quickly to radionuclide
      imaging in the baby with clinical and laboratory findings of inflammation in the
      vicinity of the hip and a negative hip aspiration.

PMID- 3864125
TI  - Prevention of nurse impairment.

PMID- 3864126
TI  - Nursing in action--the future is now. Awards Banquet speaker October 19, 1985.

PMID- 3864127
TI  - Women and mental health: issues of special concern (first of two parts).

PMID- 3864128
TI  - Pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS).

PMID- 3864129
TI  - Boning up on exercise.

PMID- 3864130
TI  - [Termination of treatment of children with lymphoblastic leukemia after its
      recurrence].

PMID- 3864131
TI  - [Encephalopathy in a child with lymphoblastic leukemia treated by an intensive
      method].

PMID- 3864132
TI  - Lagos dental practitioners and prevention. An attitude survey.

PMID- 3864133
TI  - Infant bottle feeding and dental caries among small children in Dar es Salaam
      Tanzania.

PMID- 3864134
TI  - [African dentistry facing the challenge of health for all in the year 2000].

PMID- 3864135
TI  - Dental caries and Streptococcus mutans in Sudanese schoolchildren.

PMID- 3864136
TI  - AIDS: is it a dentist's concern?

PMID- 3864137
TI  - [Periodontal disease in Benin].

PMID- 3864138
TI  - [Simulation of mandibular movement on a dental articulator].

PMID- 3864139
TI  - [Dental bioelectric processor, EM-2 and its clinical use (2)].

PMID- 3864140
TI  - [Trends in clinical prosthodontics in the U.S.: an interview with Dr. Harold R.
      Ortman].

PMID- 3864141
TI  - [Unusual cases of retained lower wisdom teeth].

PMID- 3864142
TI  - [Perspectives in the differential diagnosis of eruption disorders of the lower
      wisdom teeth].

PMID- 3864143
TI  - [Evaluation of the filling material Evicrol varnish].

PMID- 3864144
TI  - [Etiology of retained teeth].

PMID- 3864145
TI  - [Endodontics in Soviet dentistry].

PMID- 3864146
TI  - [Evaluation of therapeutic methods in alveolitis sicca dolorosa].

PMID- 3864147
TI  - [Oligosymptomatic form of Melkersson-Rosenthal's syndrome in a child (case
      history)].

PMID- 3864148
TI  - [Hyperplastic gingivitis and leukemia (case-history)].

PMID- 3864149
TI  - [A case of a so-called peripheral ameloblastoma in an epulis].

PMID- 3864150
TI  - [Wound protection in open fractures of the palatal bone].

PMID- 3864151
TI  - Lithium perhydroantamanide complex (2:1): exposure of the peptide backbone in the
      analog of antamanide with antitoxic impotency.
AB  - The synthetic analog of antamanide in which all four phenylalanyl residues are
      hydrogenated to cyclohexylalanyl (Cha) residues, cyclic(Val-Pro-Pro-Ala-Cha-Cha
      Pro-Pro-Cha-Cha), has a complete loss of antitoxic potency despite its ability to
      form ion complexes in the same manner as antamanide. The conformation of
      Li+.perhydroantamanide has been established in the present paper by x-ray
      diffraction analysis of a single crystal. The backbone encapsulates a Li+ ion in
      an almost identical manner as in Li+ antamanide. However, in Li+ antamanide the
      four phenyl groups are folded against the globular backbone, thus providing a
      hydrophobic surface for the complex, whereas in Li+ X perhydroantamanide the four
      cyclohexyl moieties are extended away from the folded backbone, resulting in the
      exposure of large portions of the polar backbone to the environment. As a
      consequence, four NH groups form hydrogen bonds with Br- ions, three C--O groups
      form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, and one C--O group makes a ligand to an
      additional external Li+ ion. The internal Li+ ion is pentacoordinated, whereas
      the external Li+ ion is tetracoordinated. The large change of the hydrophobicity
      around the midsection of the perhydroantamanide complex may be related to the
      biological inactivity. The content per asymmetric unit of the crystal is
      C64H102N10O10 X 2Li+ X 4H2O X 2CH3CN.2Br- in space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with a =
      21.740(7), b = 21.566(4), and c = 17.361(4) A. The agreement factor is 8.2% for
      5135 data.

PMID- 3864152
TI  - Identification of Yb-glutathione-S-transferase as a major rat liver protein
      labeled with dexamethasone 21-methanesulfonate.
AB  - Dexamethasone 21-methanesulfonate, an affinity label for glucocorticoid-binding
      proteins, was incubated with rat liver cytosol preparations. The predominant
      covalently labeled component was identified as Yb-glutathione-S-transferase on
      the basis of chromatographic properties, electrophoretic mobility, and specific
      retention by an anti-Yb-immunoadsorbent. Affinity labeling of this protein was
      blocked by excess dexamethasone. Preferential reactivity of dexamethasone 21
      methanesulfonate with the Yb subclass of glutathione-S-transferase (glutathione
      transferase, EC 2.5.1.18) was also evident with mixtures containing the multiple
      forms of the enzyme. Yb-glutathione-S-transferase, the nonsaturable
      glucocorticoid-binding component of rat liver cytosol should, therefore, be
      reclassified; because of its high concentration and selective interaction with
      steroids, this enzyme may be an intracellular glucocorticoid-binding protein and,
      thereby, influence transport, metabolism, and action of the steroids.

PMID- 3864153
TI  - Genes for skeletal muscle myosin heavy chains are clustered and are not located
      on the same mouse chromosome as a cardiac myosin heavy chain gene.
AB  - Myosin heavy chain (MHC) genes are expressed as several distinct isoforms in a
      tissue- and stage-specific manner; three skeletal muscle MHC isoforms appear
      sequentially during development. We have isolated cDNA clones, identified by RNA
      blot hybridization and by nucleotide sequence determination as coding for
      portions of the embryonic (pMHC2.2), perinatal (pMHC16.2A), and alpha(V1) cardiac
      (pMHC141 and pMHC101) MHC isoforms. These four probes and the adult skeletal MHC
      probe (pMHC32) have been used on Southern blots of genomic DNA to detect
      restriction fragment length polymorphisms defining the alleles for these genes in
      mouse species Mus musculus and Mus spretus. In this way, we followed the
      segregation of skeletal and cardiac MHC genes in 42 offspring resulting from an
      interspecies backcross. We found that the embryonic, perinatal, and adult
      skeletal MHC genes are clustered on chromosome 11 near the locus nude, the
      skeletal and cardiac MHC genes do not cosegregate, and the alpha(V1) cardiac MHC
      gene is located on chromosome 14 close to Np-1. This result is in contrast to
      that for other contractile protein genes such as the alkali myosin light chain
      and the actin multigene families, which are dispersed in the genome.

PMID- 3864154
TI  - The role of ascorbic acid in senile cataract.
AB  - The reductone ascorbic acid, present in the crystalline lens in concentrations
      higher than those of glucose, is capable of undergoing nonenzymatic "browning" in
      the presence of lenticular proteins. We studied the nonenzymatic browning with
      ascorbate in model systems employing bovine serum albumin and lens crystallins.
      When bovine serum albumin, alpha-crystallin, or gamma-crystallin was incubated
      with [14C]ascorbic acid, the formation of yellow and then brown condensation
      products appeared to correlate with increasing protein-associated radioactivity.
      The fluorescence spectrum of these products was similar to that of homogenates of
      human cataractous lenses. We suggest that the nonenzymatic reaction of lens
      crystallins with ascorbic acid may contribute, at least in part, to the color
      changes of aging lenses and to the physical lenticular deterioration leading to
      senile cataract. High dietary intake of ascorbic acid did not affect the
      fluorescence spectrum of murine lenses; thus, we assume that the speed and extent
      of the lenticular browning reactions must depend on a deterioration of other
      factors of the multicomponent antioxidant system of the eye.

PMID- 3864155
TI  - Identification of three classes of cytosolic glutathione transferase common to
      several mammalian species: correlation between structural data and enzymatic
      properties.
AB  - The major isoenzymes of cytosolic glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) from rat,
      mouse, and man are shown to share structural and catalytic properties that can be
      used for species-independent classification. Rat, mouse, and human isoenzymes
      were grouped with respect to amino-terminal amino acid sequences, after
      correlation of seven structures analyzed in the present investigation with
      structures determined earlier. The isoenzymes were also characterized by
      substrate specificities and sensitivities to inhibitors, and the data were
      subjected to pattern recognition analysis. In addition, the various isoenzymes
      were tested for cross-reactivity by immunoprecipitation with antibodies raised
      against rat and human transferases. The different types of data were clearly
      correlated and afforded an unambiguous division of the isoenzymes into three
      classes named alpha, mu, and pi. Each of the three mammalian species studied
      contains at least one isoenzyme of each class. It is suggested that the
      similarities of the isoenzymes in a class reflect evolutionary relationships and
      that the classification applies generally.

PMID- 3864156
TI  - A model for actin polymerization and the kinetic effects of ATP hydrolysis.
AB  - A model for actin polymerization is proposed in which the rate of elongation of
      actin filaments depends on whether adenosine 5'-triphosphate or adenosine 5'
      diphosphate is bound to the two terminal subunits of the filament. This model
      accounts quantitatively for the experimental data on the kinetics of filament
      elongation and explains the effect of ATP hydrolysis on actin polymerization.

PMID- 3864157
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of a Mr 32,000 protein with inhibin
      activity from porcine follicular fluid.
AB  - A Mr 32,000 protein with inhibin activity was isolated from porcine follicular
      fluid by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography, gel filtration on Sephacryl S
      200, and four reversed-phase HPLC steps. The isolated molecule is composed of two
      chains having molecular weights of 18,000 and 14,000, respectively, and bound
      together by disulfide bonds. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed the 10 NH2
      terminal residues of the Mr 18,000 chain to be Ser-Thr-Ala-Pro-Leu-Pro-Trp-Pro
      Trp-Ser- and those of the Mr 14,000 chain to be Gly-Leu-Glu-Xaa-Asp-Gly-Arg-Thr
      Asn-Leu-. This Mr 32,000 protein specifically inhibits the basal secretion of
      FSH, but not that of LH, in the rat anterior pituitary monolayer culture system,
      with a half-maximal effective dose of 450 pg/ml.

PMID- 3864158
TI  - Photoaffinity labeling of diphtheria toxin fragment A with NAD: structure of the
      photoproduct at position 148.
AB  - Irradiation of mixtures of diphtheria toxin fragment A and [carbonyl-14C]NAD with
      UV light (253.7 nm) is known to induce efficient transfer of the radiolabel to
      position 148, corresponding to glutamic acid in the unmodified protein. Here we
      report the structure of the photoproduct at position 148, as determined by
      chemical and photochemical methods, fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry, and
      nuclear magnetic resonance. The photoproduct [an alpha-amino-gamma-(6-nicotin
      amidyl)butyric acid residue] contains the entire nicotinamide moiety of NAD
      linked via its number 6 carbon to the decarboxylated gamma-methylene carbon of
      Glu-148. No portion of the ADP-ribosyl group of NAD is present. These findings
      are consistent with the idea that Glu-148 lies at or near the catalytic center of
      diphtheria toxin.

PMID- 3864159
TI  - Expression of biologically active bovine luteinizing hormone in Chinese hamster
      ovary cells.
AB  - Biologically active bovine luteinizing hormone (LH) has been obtained through
      expression of the alpha- and LH beta-subunit genes in stably transformed clones
      of DUXB11, a Chinese hamster ovary cell line deficient in dihydrofolate reductase
      (DHFR). Expression of alpha-and LH beta-subunit mRNAs of the expected sizes
      (approximately 910 and 770 nucleotides, respectively) were revealed by blot
      analysis after electrophoresis of total cellular RNA. Furthermore, presence or
      absence of the gonadotropin mRNAs in several clonal lines was directly correlated
      with the appearance of one or both bovine LH subunits in the culture medium.
      Media from three clones secreting significant immunoreactive levels of both
      subunits also stimulated the release of progesterone in ovine luteal cells,
      suggesting that the secreted LH was assembled into a biologically active and
      glycosylated dimer. Immunoprecipitation and NaDodSO4/PAGE of [35S]methionine
      labeled proteins secreted from one of the clones, CHODLH20, further confirmed the
      presence of an alpha/beta dimer with apparent subunit molecular weights of 20,500
      and 16,000, only slightly higher than those of pituitary alpha and LH beta
      subunits.

PMID- 3864160
TI  - Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of human glucocerebrosidase cDNA.
AB  - Mutations in the human glucocerebrosidase gene cause Gaucher disease. A cDNA
      clone containing the entire human glucocerebrosidase coding region from normal
      cells has been isolated using lambda gt11 expression libraries. The complete
      nucleotide sequence, a restriction map, and a hydropathy profile are presented.
      Hybridization to chromosome-specific DNA localizes the human glucocerebrosidase
      gene to chromosome 1. The likely precursor protein is 515 amino acids long. The
      NH2-terminal 19 amino acids constitute a leader sequence that is cleaved from the
      mature protein. The predicted molecular weight of the mature protein is 55,384,
      without glycosylation or carboxyl-terminal processing.

PMID- 3864161
TI  - Electron microscopic observation of domain movement in reconstituted erythrocyte
      membranes.
AB  - The movement of labeled concanavalin A (Con A) receptors in reconstituted human
      erythrocyte membranes was observed directly in an electron microscope, using an
      environmental stage that kept the sample fully hydrated at all experimental
      temperatures. Human erythrocyte membrane ghosts were spread on the air/water
      interface in a Langmuir trough. The surface monolayer film contained most native
      proteins and lipids of the erythrocyte membrane. The Con A receptors in the film
      were labeled with Con A-conjugated, 25-nm-diameter gold microspheres. Unsupported
      bilayer membranes were reconstituted by dipping a 1000-mesh grid through the
      labeled surface film. The reconstituted membrane samples were observed under low
      beam current and photographed by timed exposures with sensitive x-ray films. The
      total radiation per exposure was kept below the damage threshold of 5 X 10(-4)
      coulomb/cm2. The Con A-gold labels were observed to move in unison within local
      areas (domains) of the reconstituted membrane. The size of the domains and the
      velocity of the labels were measured as functions of temperature. The typical
      domain size was 10 micron2 and the typical velocity of the labels was 7 nm/sec.
      The minimum domain size and velocity were found at 17 degrees-28 degrees C.
      Reduction of the amount of cholesterol in the precursor erythrocyte membrane
      caused the domain velocity at 7 degrees C to decrease and the domain size to
      increase; the opposite effect was observed with cholesterol enrichment. The
      results indicate that the components of the erythrocyte membrane tended to form
      moving domains and that the motion was related to lipid phase separation in the
      bilayer.

PMID- 3864162
TI  - Mutagenesis of the lac promoter region in M13 mp10 phage DNA by 4'-hydroxymethyl
      4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen.
AB  - Double-stranded M13 phage DNA (M13 mp10 replicative form) was photoreacted with
      4'-hydroxymethyl-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen, using light of wavelength greater than
      320 nm or greater than 390 nm to generate predominantly crosslinks or
      monoadducts, respectively. The damaged DNAs were scored for inactivation and
      mutagenesis after transfection into Escherichia coli. The appearance of light
      blue or colorless plaques on indicator medium showed that mutation had occurred
      in the lac insert of the viral DNA. A comparison of the consequences of the two
      phototreatments with psoralen supports the idea that crosslinks are both more
      lethal and more mutagenic than monoadducts. Numerous mutant clones partially or
      totally deficient in beta-galactosidase were plaque-purified and amplified. The
      viral DNA of each clone was sequenced by the dideoxy chain-terminating procedure.
      All of the observed base-pair changes were mapped to the lac promoter region and
      consisted of 3 transition, 14 transversion, and 6 single base-pair frame-shift
      mutations. The predominant mutation was a T.A----G.C transversion.

PMID- 3864163
TI  - Cloning of Ly-5 cDNA.
AB  - A notable feature of Ly-5, among immunogenetic systems that identify
      glycoproteins of the cell surface and define the surface phenotype of cells
      according to their lineage, is that the Ly-5 locus specifies a range of molecular
      isoforms that distinguish cells of different stages and branches of hematopoietic
      development. The composition of the Ly-5 locus is of much interest in regard to
      how these isoforms are constructed and differentially regulated according to cell
      lineage. We describe here a cDNA clone, pLy-5-68, that identifies Ly-5. The Ly-5
      specificity of the pLy-5-68 clone was first indicated by a restriction fragment
      length polymorphism (RFLP), which in Southern blotting distinguishes genomic DNA
      of C57BL/6 (B6) mice (Ly-5a) from that of B6-Ly-5b congeneic mice whose genome is
      the same as B6 except for the segment of chromosome 1 that bears Ly-5b. For the
      following reasons it is unlikely that pLy-5-68 represents a gene linked to Ly-5
      that was carried over with Ly-5b during serial backcrossing to make the B6-Ly-5b
      congeneic strain. In all mouse strains tested, the serological Ly-5 allotype (Ly
      5.1 vs. Ly-5.2) accorded with the RFLP pattern. Cells of the ST/bJ mouse strain
      have unique Ly-5 serological reactions and ST/bJ DNA gives a unique (third) RFLP
      pattern (Ly-5c) with pLy-5-68. All Ly-5+ cell types reacted positively with pLy-5
      68 in RNA transfer blotting, and all Ly-5- cell types tested did not. The
      difference in size of mRNA reactive with pLy-5-68 in cells expressing the 200-kDa
      Ly-5 isoform as compared with cells expressing the 220-kDa Ly-5 isoform
      corresponded with the difference in size of the protein components of those
      isoforms.

PMID- 3864165
TI  - How infant and mother jointly contribute to developing cognitive competence in
      the child.
AB  - Infants who processed visual information more efficiently and had mothers who
      more frequently encouraged them to attend to properties, objects, and events in
      the home environment in the first 6 months of life excelled in verbal development
      during their second year and scored higher on a conventional psychometric
      assessment of intelligence at 4 years. These results, confirmed over several
      studies, support the idea of continuity in mental development from infancy and
      begin to specify parental didactic activities that may most efficaciously promote
      cognitive achievement in young children of different ages.

PMID- 3864166
TI  - Standardization of lipid and lipoprotein determinations for pediatric screening
      procedures.
AB  - Standardization of lipid and lipoprotein measurements is of concern to
      laboratories that serve pediatric as well as adult populations, since preventive
      measures taken during pediatric years can help control atherosclerotic
      cardiovascular problems that can arise during adult years. Multiple analytical
      and physiologic problems that exist inherently in the lipids and lipoproteins and
      in application of measurements to the pediatric population must be controlled to
      gain standardization and produce highly precise and accurate results. Reference
      values from well-described, observed pediatric populations have been published
      for use in interpreting analytical results. In collaboration with NHLBI, the CDC
      has offered lipid and lipoprotein standardization services for the United States
      since 1957 and, on an international scale, has cooperated with WHO since 1962.
      Standardization activities have been primarily concerned with total and HDL
      cholesterol and triglyceride determinations for cardiovascular epidemiologic and
      clinical trial investigations.

PMID- 3864164
TI  - Expression of preproenkephalin-like mRNA and its peptide products in mammalian
      testis and ovary.
AB  - The distribution of preproenkephalin mRNA and proenkephalin-derived peptides have
      been examined in gonadal tissues from rats, hamsters, and cattle. A
      preproenkephalin mRNA band was detected in the ovaries of all three species and
      in hamster testis that is identical in size to the 1450-nucleotide mRNA typically
      found in tissues that express proenkephalin. Rat testis, on the other hand,
      expresses at least one preproenkephalin-like mRNA that is substantially greater
      in size (1900 nucleotides). [Met]enkephalin-containing peptides were also
      detected in each of the gonadal tissues examined. Although the abundance of
      preproenkephalin-like mRNA in rat testis was comparable to that in rat brain, the
      testicular content of proenkephalin-derived [Met]enkephalin sequences was less
      than 4% of the rat brain content. Together these data suggest that
      preproenkephalin-like mRNA in rat testis is not efficiently translated,
      proenkephalin-derived peptides undergo rapid turnover in this tissue, or the mRNA
      in rat testis has a frameshift resulting in an altered coding sequence.

PMID- 3864167
TI  - Prostaglandin E1 infusion therapy in chronic glomerulonephritis--a double-blind,
      crossover trial.
AB  - Nine patients with chronic glomerulonephritis were investigated in a controlled,
      double-blind, crossover study to assess the efficacy of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)
      infusion therapy. Three-hour intravenous infusions of PGE1 (100 micrograms/day)
      and placebo were performed every day for three weeks, respectively. Improvement
      of renal function was demonstrated by statistical u-test (p less than 0.01) and
      x2-test (p less than 0.05). Three weeks infusion of PGE1 tended to increase
      creatinine clearance. PGE1 infusion significantly decreased the serum level of
      creatinine as compared with the placebo infusion (p less than 0.05). The urinary
      excretion of protein, however, did not change with PGE1. It was concluded that
      PGE1 infusion is effective in improving renal function in patients with chronic
      glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3864168
TI  - Effect of potassium loading on prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha excretion in the
      Brattleboro rat.
AB  - In order to assess the relative roles played by potassium (K) and the
      antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the renal production of prostaglandins (PG) E2 and
      F2 alpha, the 24 hour urinary excretion of these substances was measured in
      Brattleboro rats (devoid of ADH) and in control Long Evans heterozygote rats.
      Rats of each strain received either a normal K intake or a K load for 8 days.
      Urinary PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were measured by radioimmunoassay in three
      consecutive 24 h urine collections obtained after the above periods. K loading
      induced an increase in PGF2 alpha (p less than 0.01), PGE2 showing a non
      significant trend to decrease. The E/F ratio was decreased in K loaded animals.
      The changes were qualitatively similar in presence or absence of ADH, but animals
      with diabetes insipidus had lower levels of PGs than control animals. The results
      suggest the possibility that K loading induces an increase in the activity of the
      renal enzyme PGE2-9-ketoreductase. The resulting increase in PGF2 alpha could
      play a role in K excretion and this response is probably independent of ADH.

PMID- 3864169
TI  - Rat's vessel wall generates an antiaggregatory substance independent of
      prostacyclin production.
AB  - We have investigated whether the vessel wall may release or synthetize some
      substance able to modify the platelet function independent of prostacyclin (PGI2)
      production. Twenty female rats were injected with indomethacin. 18 hours after
      the injection animals were sacrificed and rings cut from thoracic and abdominal
      aorta were obtained. They were incubated in Krebs solution for different periods
      of time after which an aliquot from the indomethacin treated rat's aortic ring
      (ITRAR) was assayed on platelet aggregation induced by several agonists. The
      supernatant from the 40 min. incubation mixture of ITRAR released a substance
      which completely inhibits platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA),
      ADP, epinephrine, collagen, ristocetin and thrombin. The time of appearance of
      the substance varied with a mean of 17 min.. It is released with and without AA
      stimulation. Once generated it is active for at least three hours; its
      antiaggregating activity remains even if it is boiled for 15 sec, incubated at 37
      degrees C, or if the vessel is treated with tranylcypromine. Platelet aggregation
      inhibition is still evident if the supernatant from ITRAR is transferred to a
      platelet rich plasma (PRP) from a normal donor who had taken an aspirin 24 hours
      before sampling. All these results indicate that this substance released from
      ITRAR is not prostacyclin. Nordihydroguaiaretic or eicosatetraynoic acid which
      are lipoxygenase inhibitors could not modify the ITRAR's release; nor did
      mepacrine which is a phospholipase inhibitor. Since mepacrine does not completely
      inhibit phospholipase activities we cannot exclude the possibility that the
      substance is derived from AA. More studies are in progress to elucidate the
      biochemical properties of this substance.

PMID- 3864170
TI  - Plasma concentrations and anti-platelet effects after low dose acetylsalicylic
      acid.
AB  - The present study has investigated whether low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)
      can inhibit platelet aggregation locally at its site of gastrointestinal
      absorption without concentrations in the systemic circulation high enough for
      inhibition of cyclooxygenase. For this purpose platelet aggregation, thromboxane
      formation as well as ASA plasma concentrations were measured in 8 volunteers
      before oral intake of 100 mg ASA as well as 20 to 300 minutes thereafter. At each
      time 5 ml of blood were mixed with 5 ml of blood obtained from a second,
      untreated volunteer. Aggregation and thromboxane formation were also determined
      in these mixed blood samples. The same protocol was performed with 4 volunteers
      after administration of 1500 mg ASA as well as after no drug intake. In a
      separate experiment the concentration-effect-relationship of ASA was assessed in
      vitro. One hundred and forty minutes after administration of 100 mg ASA
      aggregation and thromboxane formation were significantly decreased to 49.4 and
      4.5% of the initial values, respectively, whereas in the mixed blood sample
      aggregation was not impaired. Inhibition of thromboxane formation was constantly
      73% of the inhibition observed in the unmixed sample throughout the study period
      and thus most probably was caused by dilution of the platelets of the untreated
      volunteer by the inactivated platelets of the ASA-treated volunteer. These data
      suggest the absence of pharmacologically active drug concentrations in the
      peripheral blood. ASA plasma concentration was highest after 40 minutes (2.2 +/-
      1.6 microgram/ml; n = 5). After the 1500 mg ASA dose platelet function and
      thromboxane formation decreased to 29.8 and 2.0% of the initial values,
      respectively. Furthermore, aggregation and thromboxane formation in the mixed
      blood sample were markedly reduced. Thus, after the high dose of ASA effective
      plasma concentrations were present in the peripheral circulation. Highest ASA
      plasma concentrations were 21.1 +/- 8.9 micrograms/ml. IC50 values were 1.00 +/-
      0.36 and 0.30 +/- 0.05 microgram/ml for aggregation and thromboxane formation in
      vitro, respectively. It is concluded that low dose ASA can effectively inhibit
      platelet function without producing pharmacologically active concentrations in
      the peripheral circulation.

PMID- 3864171
TI  - Inhibitory action of quercetin on xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase
      activity.
AB  - Quercetin is an equally good inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (type O, oxygen
      reducing enzyme) and xanthine dehydrogenase (type D, NAD+-reducing enzyme)
      activity of a preparation of the xanthine-oxidizing enzyme partially purified
      from rat liver. The inhibition seems competitive with the oxidase form and non
      competitive (mixed-type) with the dehydrogenase form of the enzyme. These
      inhibitory properties should be referred to the flavonoid structure of quercetin
      rather than to its antioxidant power. The antioxidant properties of quercetin and
      its inhibitory effect on the xanthine-oxidizing enzyme are discussed with
      reference to hyperuricemic and ischemic states.

PMID- 3864172
TI  - Failure to demonstrate early metabolic changes in weanling growth-retarded
      hypophagic rats with lesions in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei.
AB  - Experiment 1: Weanling male rats received bilateral electrolytic lesions in the
      dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei (DMNL rats); sham-operated animals served as
      controls. Rats were killed four hours and three and seven days postoperatively
      (post-op). Plasma was obtained and epididymal fat pads, diaphragm and liver
      aliquots were harvested and the in vitro incorporation of U-14C-glucose into CO2,
      glycogen, lipid and saponifiable fatty acids (FAs) were measured. Body weight,
      carcass lipid and food intake were significantly lower in DMNL rats than in
      controls. The only significant lesion-induced metabolic changes were hypoglycemia
      and greater tracer incorporation into epididymal fat pad lipid and diaphragm
      glycogen. Both DMNL rats and controls showed similar time courses of tracer
      incorporation into epididymal CO2 and FAs, diaphragm lipid and liver CO2,
      glycogen, lipid and FAs. Lesioned rats also showed more pronounced decreases of
      tracer incorporation from day 0 to day 3 in epididymal glycogen and lipid and
      diaphragm CO2 and glycogen. These data make it appear unlikely that very early
      deficits in glucose metabolism are the cause of the growth retardation seen in
      long-term studies with DMNL rats. The data also demonstrate considerable locus
      specificity, since weanling rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions (VMNL
      rats) in similar short-term studies have shown dramatic alterations in the above
      parameters. Experiment 2: Weanling DMNL rats and sham-operated rats were injected
      via tail vein with tritiated water one hour post-op. One hour after the injection
      they were decapitated. There were no significant differences between DMNL rats
      and controls in mumoles tritiated water incorporated into total liver, grams
      liver tissue, mg liver glycogen and ml or mg plasma glucose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3864173
TI  - A Negative Symptom Rating Scale.
AB  - Renewed interest in the role of negative symptoms in "defect state" schizophrenia
      calls for the design of a standardized, easy to use, reliable, and valid
      instrument to assess these aspects of psychopathology. In order to measure
      negative symptoms, we developed the Negative Symptom Rating Scale (NSRS). We
      report on the design, interrater reliability, and construct-validation of NSRS
      against the most frequently used negative symptom scales or subscales. In
      summary, the NSRS is a short, sensitive, highly specific, reliable, and
      apparently valid instrument for measuring negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

PMID- 3864174
TI  - The treatment validity of DSM-III melancholic subtyping.
AB  - Because melancholic subtyping is associated with pretreatment symptom severity,
      the type of data-analytic technique used in examining treatment validity may
      affect one's conclusions. We examined the relationship between the presence or
      absence of melancholia and the response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in 87
      depressed inpatients. Depending on the definition of improvement used,
      melancholic subtyping was either not associated with ECT response, or non
      melancholics had a better outcome than melancholics. We suggest that standard
      methods of outcome evaluation be required in therapy outcome studies.

PMID- 3864175
TI  - Iowa Discriminant Index for endogenous depression: family history correlates.
AB  - We examined the risk of psychiatric illness in the first-degree relatives of the
      257 depressed inpatients upon whom we constructed the Iowa Discriminant Index
      (IDI) for endogenous depression. Nonendogenous depressives had a higher rate of
      alcoholism and antisocial personality in their families. IDI endogenous subtyping
      was not associated with a family history of depression. These results provide
      additional support for the validity of the empirically derived IDI.

PMID- 3864177
TI  - On the origin of early REM episodes in the sleep of depressed patients: a
      comparison of three hypotheses.
AB  - Shortened latency of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a feature frequently
      observed in depressed patients. Three hypotheses on the origin of early REM sleep
      episodes propose that short REM latency is due to (1) a phase-shift of one subset
      of the circadian rhythms relative to other circadian rhythms, (2) a loss of
      inhibition of REM sleep due to a slow wave sleep deficit, or (3) a reduction in
      amplitude of a putative circadian arousal cycle. From an analysis of experimental
      data, it is concluded that the hypothesis of a reduced circadian amplitude best
      explains the early occurrence of REM sleep.

PMID- 3864176
TI  - Circadian rhythms in endogenous depression.
AB  - A comprehensive study of circadian rhythms was carried out in 16 drug-free
      patients with endogenous depression, 10 of whom were reinvestigated after
      clinical remission, and 10 healthy controls. No free-running periods were
      observed in body temperature, urinary excretion of potassium and free cortisol,
      or any other variable. Moreover, there was little, if any, indication of phase
      advance. The circadian variation of several variables was reduced during
      depression, e.g., motor activity, body temperature, and (less markedly) urinary
      potassium, but not cortisol. The circadian worsening of mood tended to occur
      around the time of awakening during depression, i.e., several hours later than
      after remission or in normal controls. In patients with circadian variation of
      self-rated mood, the acrophase of this variable correlated significantly with
      that of urinary free cortisol. This indicates an entrainment of the disease
      process to the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion, probably via circadian
      variations of neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus. The other circadian
      phenomena observed in depression can adequately be explained by masking effects
      (negative or positive) of psychopathological symptoms (e.g., early morning
      awakening) on overt circadian rhythms.

PMID- 3864178
TI  - A comparison between the growth hormone responses to amphetamine and clonidine.

PMID- 3864179
TI  - Treatment of ectopic permanent molar eruption--case report.

PMID- 3864180
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of pemphigus.

PMID- 3864181
TI  - Occlusal restoration using fissure sealant instead of "extension for prevention".

PMID- 3864182
TI  - Proximal margin adaptation: a comparison between conventional and slice inlay
      preparations.

PMID- 3864183
TI  - The curing of denture acrylic resins by microwave energy. Physical properties.

PMID- 3864184
TI  - Quality assessment and third party payments: a simulation for undergraduate
      dental students.

PMID- 3864185
TI  - Occlusion and articulation.

PMID- 3864186
TI  - [Diagnostic value of gallium scintigraphy in pulmonary diagnosis].

PMID- 3864187
TI  - Intrathoracic metastasis from an extrathoracic malignancy: a radiographic
      approach to patient evaluation.
AB  - The likelihood of metastatic spread of an extrathoracic primary tumor to the
      thorax depends on a number of factors, most importantly, the site and nature of
      the primary tumor. Although the plain chest radiography remains the first-line
      screening procedure, understanding the pattern of spread of various tumors and
      the frequency with which such spread occurs enables one to develop a rational
      approach to the use of other imaging modalities, particularly computed
      tomography, in evaluation of patients with known extrathoracic primary tumors.

PMID- 3864188
TI  - [X-ray guided punch biopsy of the spinal column].
AB  - Roentgenographically visible lesions of the skeleton are subjects for microscopy
      if the nature of the lesion is uncertain. In particular, the vertebral column, as
      it lies so deeply, needs a major surgical intervention if an excision has to be
      performed. The radiologically guided trephine biopsy, in contrast, is a great
      simplification for the patient. Using the Jamshidi-needle, 57 bone biopsies were
      performed. In 53 cases a reliable pathologic diagnosis was obtained by
      microscopy. Bacteriology, however, was positive in only 5 out of 23 cases with
      spondylitis or spondylodiscitis. No complications were observed.

PMID- 3864189
TI  - Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in acute leukemia: characteristic findings on
      CT, the CT halo sign, and the role of CT in early diagnosis.
AB  - Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in immunocompromised patients is often
      difficult to diagnose. Many pathogens present initially with similar, nonspecific
      pulmonary findings. Air crescent formation has been reported to be highly
      suggestive of IPA in the appropriate clinical setting, but this is a late sign in
      an otherwise rapidly fatal infection. The authors reviewed the available chest
      computed tomography (CT) scans of nine patients with acute leukemia and
      documented IPA, including four patients with serial scans obtained during the
      course of infection. Typical CT findings of IPA were multiple inflammatory
      nodules, often with one large dominant mass, or a single peripheral masslike
      infiltrate. Cavitation or air crescent formation occurred late in the course of
      infection, usually at the time of bone marrow recovery from chemotherapy. CT
      scans obtained early in the course of infection in two patients demonstrated a
      distinctive feature of one or more pulmonary masslike infiltrates surrounded by a
      halo of low attenuation. These lesions subsequently progressed to cavitation or
      air crescent formation typical of IPA. While this CT halo sign may not be
      pathognomonic for Aspergillus, seen in the appropriate host, it may suggest early
      on the possibility of IPA.

PMID- 3864190
TI  - Metabolic fate of endogenously synthesized prostaglandin D2 in a human female
      with mastocytosis.
AB  - Increased production of prostaglandin D2 was recently demonstrated in patients
      with systemic mastocytosis. One female patient investigated with mastocytosis was
      found to have overproduction of prostaglandin D2 of such magnitude (150-fold
      above normal) that it provided the unique opportunity to delineate the metabolic
      fate of endogenously synthesized prostaglandin D2. A five percent aliquot of a
      twenty-four hour urine collection from this patient was extracted, purified by
      silicic acid chromatography, methylated, and finally subjected to high pressure
      liquid chromatography. Column fractions collected were derivatized and analyzed
      by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Increased quantities of sixteen urinary
      metabolites were identified and included a series of metabolites retaining the
      PGD-ring as well as a series of metabolites with a PGF-ring. PGF-ring metabolites
      were excreted in approximately 4-fold greater relative abundance than PGD-ring
      metabolites. More than one apparent isomeric form of some PGF-ring metabolites
      were found. The predominant urinary metabolite was 2,3-dinor-prostaglandin F2.
      This study provides evidence that endogenously synthesized prostaglandin D2 is
      converted in substantial part to prostaglandin F2 metabolites in vivo in humans.

PMID- 3864191
TI  - Salicylate nephropathy in the Gunn rat: potential role of prostaglandins.
AB  - We examined the potential role of prostaglandins in the development of analgesic
      nephropathy in the Gunn strain of rat. The homozygous Gunn rats have unconjugated
      hyperbilirubinemia due to the absence of glucuronyl transferase, leading to
      marked bilirubin deposition in renal medulla and papilla. These rats are also
      highly susceptible to develop papillary necrosis with analgesic administration.
      We used homozygous (jj) and phenotypically normal heterozygous (jJ) animals. Four
      groups of rats (n = 7) were studied: jj and jJ rats treated either with aspirin
      300 mg/kg every other day or sham-treated. After one week, slices of cortex,
      outer and inner medulla from one kidney were incubated in buffer and
      prostaglandin synthesis was determined by radioimmunoassay. The other kidney was
      examined histologically. A marked corticomedullary gradient of prostaglandin
      synthesis was observed in all groups. PGE2 synthesis was significantly higher in
      outer medulla, but not cortex or inner medulla, of jj (38 +/- 6 ng/mg prot) than
      jJ rats (15 +/- 3) (p less than 0.01). Aspirin treatment reduced PGE2 synthesis
      in all regions, but outer medullary PGE2 remained higher in jj (18 +/- 3) than jJ
      rats (9 +/- 2) (p less than 0.05). PGF2 alpha was also significantly higher in
      the outer medulla of jj rats with and without aspirin administration (p less than
      0.05). The changes in renal prostaglandin synthesis were accompanied by evidence
      of renal damage in aspirin-treated jj but not jJ rats as evidenced by: increased
      incidence and severity of hematuria (p less than 0.01); increased serum
      creatinine (p less than 0.05); and increase in outer medullary histopathologic
      lesions (p less than 0.005 compared to either sham-treated jj or aspirin-treated
      jJ). These results suggest that enhanced prostaglandin synthesis contributes to
      maintenance of renal function and morphological integrity, and that inhibition of
      prostaglandin synthesis may lead to pathological renal medullary lesions and
      deterioration of renal function.

PMID- 3864192
TI  - Inhibition of noradrenaline-stimulated 86Rb/K+-exchange in vascular smooth muscle
      by porcine vasorelaxant atrial peptide, cardiodilatin-88.

PMID- 3864193
TI  - Platelet calmodulin concentration and phospholipase A2 activity in essential
      hypertension.

PMID- 3864194
TI  - A circulating hypertensive factor in spontaneously hypertensive rats and its
      effects on intracellular free calcium.

PMID- 3864195
TI  - The excitatory action of morphine on rat cortical neurons is mediated by a post
      synaptic mechanism.

PMID- 3864196
TI  - A hormone-like protein from the pituitary gland inhibits intestinal
      hypersecretion induced by cholera toxin.

PMID- 3864197
TI  - Angiotensin increases inositol phosphate content in anterior pituitary cells in
      culture: a relationship with its prolactin-stimulating activity.

PMID- 3864198
TI  - Stimulation of the Na+,K+-cotransport system by arginine vasopressin in human red
      cells.

PMID- 3864199
TI  - The influence of bradykinin on intracellular Ca++-activity in cultured neural
      cells.

PMID- 3864200
TI  - Field testing of microorganisms modified by recombinant DNA techniques:
      applications, issues, and development of "points to consider" document.

PMID- 3864201
TI  - Human gene therapy.

PMID- 3864202
TI  - The role of the NIH in fostering leadership in biotechnology.

PMID- 3864203
TI  - Plant-associated agricultural applications of genetically engineered
      microorganisms: projections and constraints.

PMID- 3864204
TI  - [Mechanism of 67Ga uptake by an experimental abscess--permeability of plasma from
      blood vessels in abscessed tissue].
AB  - In the previous paper, we reported that 67Ga was accumulated in abscess and
      uptake rate of 67Ga in abscess increased with time after the injection of 67Ga
      citrate. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the influence of blood
      flow on the accumulation of 67Ga in abscess. Five days after subcutaneous
      injection of 0.2 ml of turpentine to the rats, 131I-human serum albumin (HSA) was
      injected intravenously to the rats. At an appropriate time after the injection
      (10 min to 6 days), uptake rates of 131I-HSA in abscess and normal tissues were
      measured. Similarly, 51Cr-red blood cells (RBC) were injected intravenously to
      the above rats and the uptake rates of 51Cr-RBC were also measured. One, three,
      and 24 hours after injection of 131I-HSA, the uptake rates of 131I-HSA in abscess
      were 1.32 %dose/g, 1.84 %dose/g, and 0.82 %dose/g, respectively. However, the
      uptake rates of 51Cr-RBC in abscess was very small, and the value was 0.14
      %dose/g at 24 hours after the injection. In the case of abscess, blood in the
      tissue fluid was very little, but the permeability of 131I-HSA from the blood
      vessel in the tissue was much larger than that of normal tissues. From these
      facts, it was deduced that the accelerated permeability caused the abscess
      accumulation of 67Ga.

PMID- 3864205
TI  - [Fever of unknown origin. Usefulness of gammography with gallium-67 citrate].

PMID- 3864206
TI  - Comparative actions of pentobarbital and verapamil on canine cerebral and
      peripheral arteries in vitro.
AB  - Verapamil and pentobarbital were compared for their actions on isolated canine
      cerebral (basilar and middle cerebral) and peripheral (mesenteric) arteries of
      similar diameter. The two agents shared several nonselective actions on canine
      arteries, but differed widely in potency. Both agents produced direct relaxation
      of cerebral, but not peripheral, arteries, and both agents inhibited constriction
      of cerebral and peripheral arteries by KCl and CaCl2 (in K+-depolarizing, Ca2+
      deficient media). However, 1 mM pentobarbital was required to produce the same
      maximal effects as 4 uM verapamil. In addition, verapamil selectively blocked
      constriction of cerebral arteries by a receptor-mediated agent, prostaglandin
      F2a, while pentobarbital was nonselective in its blockade. On the basis of their
      comparative actions on isolated cerebral and peripheral arteries, calcium channel
      blockers such as verapamil may be a more rational choice in the treatment of
      cerebral ischemia than the barbiturates.

PMID- 3864208
TI  - [High-frequency jet ventilation. A new technic for artificial respiration].

PMID- 3864207
TI  - Assessment of the pyrogenic potency of the thromboxane A2-mimetics, SQ26655 and
      U46619, and thromboxane B2 by intrapreoptic injection in the cat.
AB  - Using bilateral injection into the anterior hypothalamic/preoptic region of the
      conscious, indomethacin pretreated cat as an assay system, the pyrogenic activity
      of two thromboxane A2-mimetics (SQ26655 and U46619) and thromboxane B2 was
      assessed. PGE2 was used as a reference pyrogenic agent. Thromboxane B2 and both
      of the thromboxane A2-mimetics were at least 5263 times less potent than PGE2.
      The results do not support the putative role of thromboxanes as mediators of
      fever.

PMID- 3864209
TI  - Supernumerary teeth--before, during and after treatment.

PMID- 3864210
TI  - A proven new technique for chairside relining.

PMID- 3864211
TI  - Electron microscopic demonstration of non-mineralized and hypomineralized areas
      in dentin and cementum by silver methenamine staining of collagen.
AB  - An electron microscopic study on silver methenamine staining of hard dental
      tissues was made on a material that comprised human permanent teeth and primary
      tooth germs from human and porcine fetuses. It was demonstrated that silver
      stained material consisted of collagen fibrils. In predentin and precementum all
      collagen fibrils were stained, while collagen fibrils of dentin and cementum were
      unstained except for some fibrils of minor special areas such as Owen's contour
      lines, interglobular dentin, Tomes's granular layer, and in cementum small
      "interglobular-like" areas. It is concluded that silver methenamine visualizes
      collagen fibrils of hypo- and unmineralized areas in dental hard tissues and
      therefore may be used to demonstrate abnormal patterns of mineralization. Finally
      variations of silver methenamine stainability in relation to differences in
      material and methods were studied and discussed.

PMID- 3864212
TI  - Regression analysis of electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles versus
      bite force.
AB  - Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the superficial masseter and the anterior
      temporal muscles versus the bite force was studied in 10 young women. They were
      fully dentate and had no dysfunction of the stomatognathic system. The descending
      part of the trapezius muscle was also chosen for EMG registration. The average
      bite force between the first molars was 396 N (Newton). Steeper slopes for the
      EMG versus force regression curve at high contraction levels than at low
      contraction levels for the superficial masseter muscle may indicate that this
      muscle has a recruitment pattern that differs from that of the anterior temporal
      muscle. In the case of the anterior temporal muscle there was no difference
      between the slopes for the EMG-force regression at low and high contraction
      levels. There was significantly increased activity in the descending part of the
      trapezius muscle mainly during high bite force levels in half the subjects.

PMID- 3864213
TI  - Electron probe study of coronal dentin in red deer.
AB  - A topographic description of the concentration profiles of Ca, P, Mg, Zn, F, S
      and K in coronal dentin of red deer is given. The concentrations reported should
      be regarded as semiquantitative values. An area along the mesiodistal axis of the
      crowns showed lower concentrations of Ca and P and higher concentrations of Mg
      than the surrounding bulk of dentin. The inner dentin revealed downward slopes of
      the Ca, P and Mg profiles toward the pulpal cavity, whereas the Zn, F and usually
      also the S profiles showed elevations. Incidental findings were elevations of S
      and K profiles near the worn incisal edges. The walls of giant tubules, which are
      frequent in red deer dentin, showed in many cases modest elevations of the Ca, P,
      Mg and Zn profiles. The lumina of these tubules revealed in a few instances
      elevation of the S profiles.

PMID- 3864215
TI  - Purification of a protein component in extracts from supragingival dental
      calculus.
AB  - In the present study supragingival dental calculus of unknown age was collected
      from the mandibular incisors of three individuals and solubilized by EDTA. The
      extracts were examined by gel filtration, ionic exchange chromatography and amino
      acid analysis. A protein component with similar characteristics to the main
      protein component of the acquired enamel pellicle was a regular constituent of
      the calculus extracts from the three subjects.

PMID- 3864214
TI  - Ultrastructure of lingual enamel epithelium in rabbit permanent incisors.
AB  - The recent observation that the lingual surface of the permanent rabbit incisor,
      in contrast to the rodent incisor, is covered with enamel near the initially
      formed tip, initiated a histologic study of the enamel epithelium in this region.
      Tooth buds from fetal New Zealand white rabbits aged 27 and 30 days in utero were
      processed for transmission electron microscopy. Examination of longitudinal and
      cross-sections revealed a transition of secretory ameloblasts to postsecretory
      ameloblasts on the facial aspect of the enamel organ. Incisally, the facial
      ameloblast layer was continuous with postsecretory ameloblasts on the lingual
      aspect. More apically on the lingual surface, a gradual transition between
      postsecretory and reduced ameloblasts occurred. This study shows that by day 27
      in utero, the ameloblasts on the lingual aspect of the tooth are in the
      postsecretory and degenerative stages and that, by day 30, the enamel epithelium
      lingually has been replaced by cementum on the prismatic enamel and by connective
      tissue.

PMID- 3864216
TI  - Oligosaccharides obtained by partial hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharides from
      Leptotrichia buccalis.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Leptotrichia buccalis, strains L11, ATCC 14201 and
      ATCC 19616 were partially degraded with 1% acetic acid. The acid soluble
      polysaccharides were subjected to gel filtration. These experiments showed that
      the carbohydrate moiety of LPS from ATCC 14201 and ATCC 19616 were similar,
      consisting of a core oligosaccharide unsubstituted by 0-side chains containing
      galactose, glucose and D-glycero-D-manno-heptose as neutral sugars. The core
      analogous fraction isolated from L11 LPS contained the same three neutral sugars,
      but in different ratios.

PMID- 3864217
TI  - Dental erosions in relation to lactovegetarian diet.
AB  - The subjects of this study were 26 lactovegetarians and their age- and sex
      matched controls. Clinical and radiologic examinations were made and samples of
      wax-stimulated whole saliva were collected. Dental erosions were recorded and
      documented with photographs and plaster models. Incipient, moderate and grave
      erosive defects were observed in 26.9%, 19.2% and 30.8% of the lactovegetarians,
      respectively. In controls, however, no erosions were observed. When tested by
      multiple linear regression analysis, the main factors affecting dental erosions
      were the rate of flow of saliva, and consumption of vinegar and vinegar
      conserves, citrus fruits and acidic berries.

PMID- 3864218
TI  - Snuff-induced lesions in Finnish recruits.
AB  - Snuff-induced lesions from 21 snuff users were studied clinically, histologically
      and by electron microscopy. Clinically most lesions appeared coarsely wrinkled,
      grayish white and slightly elevated. All lesions were found in the upper
      vestibular area. Histologically, epithelial thickening, acanthosis, vacuolation
      of surface cells and a slight subepithelial inflammatory reaction were seen. The
      electron microscopic findings revealed an intact basement lamina, increased
      tonofilament concentration moving up towards the surface of the epithelium,
      widening of intercellular spaces in the spinous cell layer and partial
      keratinization of surface cells. The salivary flow of resting saliva showed a
      slightly significant increase compared to controls. That of stimulated saliva was
      not significantly increased among snuff users.

PMID- 3864219
TI  - Fluoride release from a fluoride-containing amalgam in vivo.
AB  - Six test subjects using a low fluoride diet collected saliva samples each morning
      for 1 wk to determine the normal fluoride concentration. During the following 8
      wk an acrylic plate, containing amalgam "fillings" corresponding to 6 MOD
      amalgams in premolars, was worn each night. Saliva samples were collected every
      morning and analyzed with a fluoride-ion electrode. Normal fluoride values ranged
      from 1.22 microM to 0.57 microM. The first days after insertion of the plates the
      fluoride concentration ranged from 91.06 microM to 12.26 microM in the subjects.
      The following 25-30 days there was an exponential decline of the fluoride
      concentration in saliva with a half-life of 6 to 7 days. The fluoride level was
      significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than basal levels in all subjects during
      this period. The following 20-25 days the fluoride level decreased more slowly,
      approaching the basal level. One subject had a significantly higher fluoride
      level for all 8 wk. Since the saliva fluoride concentrations registered seem to
      be sufficient to enhance remineralization, it is concluded that restorations with
      this material may have a favorable effect not only on secondary caries, but on
      any initial demineralization in the mouth.